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COLLECTION OF PURITAN AND ENGLISH THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE

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STATUS L

ECCLESIiE GALLIC^

OR THE

Eccleiiafticai Hiftory

O F

FRAN CE.

From the firft Plantation of CHRISTIANITY

there, unto this Time : Defcribing the moft notable CHURCH- MATTERSj the feveral Councils holden in FR^NC^ with their principal CANON S:i The moft Famous Men , and moft LEARNED WRITERS, and the Books they have written, with many Eminent frencb Popes Caj!clinals,Pyclates,Pattours, and Law yers. A defcriptlon of their UNIVERSITIES with their FOUNDERS. An impartial account of the State of the Reformed CHURCHES in FKJNCE- and the Civil Wars there for Re- ligion : With an exaca fucceffion of the FKENC [■} KINGS.

By the Aiithour of the late Hijiory of the Church of GPvEAT BRITTAIN.

Hijioria eji lumen Feritath, vitaAntiqHitatis.

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LONDON,

Printed for ihovttK VaffetJger^ti\iQ Three Bibles on LoHdm- bridges and iitf//>/> ^-zw/z/jat the Sign of the Bible un* dcrthe riazz<toi ihe Royal Exchangdn CornhiU. \6j6.

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Jlmplijfmif ^ d^ Admodum Keverendis in Cbriflo TatrihmacDofninis^ HEN RICO, Providentia Diving Epfcofo JLondincnfi ; & . Joanni eadem Frovidentia Epfcofo Koffenfi 'y necnon Decano Weftilionafteri- enfi, Salutem in Chrifto fempternam.

t^etterandi Patres^ d^ Domini Colendijjitni I

EA, qua par eft, fubmiflione, Hiftoricum hocce Ka^MAiov, ex antiquis & rcccnti- bus AuthonbusGolledum,vobis of- fero, nuncupo, dedico : ut fplendore clarorum veftrorum nominum lux a- liqua opufculo huicper viamaffulgerct,omnifqiic finiftra obmurmurantiuin fcaeva piopitio vcftro fa- voreprocul anioveatur.

Flofculus eft, quern Ego pauperculus, humilif- queGhrifti Hortulanus vobis proefcnto : non llle quidem Lediffimus, fed is tamen qui in vcftris pri-

A 3 mw«i

Efiftola Dedicatoria.

mum facratis manibus cnpiat fua qualiacnnqiie folia explicare.Carpent ilium e veftris manibus alii quo- quej &: delibabunt. Si enim vefiro oIfa(51ni faga» cilFimo non ingratiisfuerit i fi vc/lrse gratiac calo- rem fenferit j non dubito, qqin Piis omnibus bo- num publicas aedificationis odbrem captantibus , gratus & jncundus fit futurus.

Hoc mihi folamen eft, quod viri praefiamiffimi, Si. Honore Sc Dodrina proecellentcs, non tam mu- neris oblati dignicatem, quam gratum ofFerentis animum perpendere foleanc. Sihunclibrum ac- cipere, & diligenrer perlegere dignemini, honcfta- bor & gra tia meis laboribus optima rcfcreturn. De Materia & Methodo hujus HiftoriaEjmodum an fa- tis fervarim, Vos pro veftris accrrimis Judiciis as- ftiraabitis. Jllam llquando forte infpexcriris , & in ea aliquid obfervabitis, de quo me admoncndum putabitis, illud rogo fignificetis : & quicquid ege- ritis, mcam non modo voluntatem , fed etiam fen- tentiam cum veftra conjungam : hoc etiam Bene- ficium,&: quidem fummumaccipiam, quo fiiTnirutiS. Sc melior & do^iior evadanir../Deus Am'plitu^- nemveftram, iii-Eccleflse fuee, noftraeque ^zti^ix lutivlitatem, quamdiutiffimefervet incolumem. i ;

VeBr,^ E.e'v erentU Ohfer'vantifn.uiJis. ^ , \ q nvT:i\ ram " Q^ iQ- ■' s^^J- ' ■

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..".,..... THE-

I ill

THE

PREFACE

T O T H E

READER

e

iHe Deftgn of this Treatife is to fet forth the State of the Gallican Churches^ both of the Popifli, and the Reformed. As to the Popifli Church in Fnnce^ it is holcien to be the beji Tri^ileged of all the Churches in Chrijiendom un- der the Pope.

As touching their -power ^ the Galilean Clergy Jiands wore ftoutly to their Natural Rights againji the Encroachments and IJfurpations of the See of Komcj than any other that lii/eth under the Pope's Authority , which they acl^norvledge fofar only^as is confiflent with their own Privileges, and the Rights of their Soveraign : for it was long e're they could fubmit to the Decrees of the Council of TRENT, nor have they yet admitted of the Inquijrtion.

"the DoSiors of the Sorbon, are accounted toge- ther with the Parliament of Paris, the principal Pillars of the French Liberty, whereof they are ex- ceeding jealonsy as well in matters Ecclefiajiical as Civil. Jfhen

The Preface

fVhen Gerfon Chancellonr of Paris , had fnbli' Jhed a BoeJ{^ in approbation of the Council of Coiir ftance i where it was EnaSledthat the Antjjoritynf the Council w at greater than that of the Pope, the Sorbon Dolors declared that alfo to be their Do- Brine, For John Gerfon in his defence of the. Decree of that Council J fpeakjng of the Adverfaries faith , Perniciofos cffeadmodum adulatores,qui Tyranni- dem iftam in Ecclefiam invexere, quail nulJis Re- gum tencatur vlnculis : quafi neque parere debeat Concilio Pontifex, nee abeo judicari queat.

The Kings themfel'ves alfo befriend their Clergy in the caufe, andtherefere not only protejied agaiaft the Council (j/' Trent, wherein the SpiritnalTyran- ny was generally confmted to by the -Popiih faSiion; but Henry tl:^ fecondKing of France, would not ackjiowledge them to be a Council ,f calling it in his Letters by no other name than Conventus Trident.ir nus. An indignity which -the Fathers too\grie'vottfly. Moreover^ when King Lewes X/. t& gratife Pope Pius the fecond,pnrpofedto abolijh the Fragmatick Sanation, //j^ Sorbonnifts 7;; behalf of the Church G diWicdin J and the Z)niverfity of Paris, Magnis ob- fiftebant animis (faith Sleidan in his Comw:ntary^ & a Papa provocabanC ad Concilium. The Council unt& ^hich they appealed^ was that of Bafil , where that SanSiion rpaf made: fo that by this Appeal they. 'verified their former Thefisj that the , Council was above the Pope^-

And before the Pragmatick Sanation ir^i/ ordain- ^dytbe, PfpQ. h^d, yearly drained the State of a Mil- lion

to the Reader.

fUfiof CroivftSj as the Court of Parliament manifeft' edto King Lewes the ele'venth.

Since which time the Kings of France ha've fomc' times omitted th€ vigour of the SanHion^ and fome- times alfo exaSied it ^according as their aff'airs rvitb the Pope fiood : therefore it was called Froenura Pontificum.

And intheYear 161-^. cafnaliy meeting with a ^ooh^ written by Becanus, entituled Controverfia Anglicana de poteftate Regis & Papae; the French tailed an Affembly, and condemned it. For , al- though the Main of it tpas againf the Power and Su- premacy of the King of EngldLnd J yet did it refieSi alfo on the Authority of the Pope oi/er the Chrijiians by the By , which occaftonedthe Sentence. So jealous are they of the leaji circumjiances, in which any of their immunities may be endangered.

The Pope hath no power in France to pardon cri- LeRefcript." ifiinals. The very faculties of the Legates hereto- C. de pre- fore [ent into that Kingdom-) maJ{e not any mention ofj^^'f^jfj^^] it , but of the Remifjion of Sins proceeding />(?/« cauf. 2 5. crimes. And though there Jhould be any fuch thing-, yet they are jiill curbed in with this Bridle.

' To ufe it in fuch things as are not contrary^ dero- gatory, nor prejudicial to the Rights and Preroga^ tives of the King and Kingdom., nor againji the fa- credCoUncilsythe Laws of the 'Vniverfities ^ the Liberties of the Galilean Church-, and the Ordinan- ces Royal,

The Clergy of France do not hold their Ecclcfi- apical Jurifdi^ion of the Popey but of the King

(a) a.

The Preface

Eellarm. alone, herpfoever the Jefuits teach the contrary^ when

q)ntr'ov.*2. '^-^y ^^ "^' ^f^ '^ ^^ *^^^y ^^^^^ • when they conni've^ ^.4. C3, 24. at the pnnijhment of crimes, tphereof they have the C0gnt%ance, the Courts of Farliamentj may inter- fofe by means of an Appeal, as fr^m Abnfes , efpe- ciaUy confidering, it is it that grants them jHrifdi- E^iono'ver Spirituals. And if the Quefiion be of granting pardon t9 a Frieji , or other Ecclefiajiick^, not only in a priz>iUdged cafe^bnt alfo in a common crime by him committed, it belongs to the King only to grant it, not to the Pope, nor the Bi/hop, And fo it hath been always accuflomed to be done in France. Moreover, the Pope cannot there rejiore Clergy- ^ jnen to their former State , Co as to free them from

Ppppn.ca, T . r till- I r ■'

15. & id. the infamy which they hai^e incurred ; nor Lay-mm des libertez. unlej? it be to rccei-ve them into Orders, Offices , and Gallic,*' ' ' Ecclefiajiical A^s, not otherwife. As alfo thatwith^ rn this Realm, he cannot pardon or remit the H0110-- rai y Amendsj adjudged by a hay-man,albeit the con^ demnationwere pajjed by an EcclefeaHical Jndge,and that againU a Clerh^, oi jnahjng fuch Honorary con-- dfiifination apart of theci'vil fatiffa^ign.

The Pope cannot make any 'Unions, or annexations of the li'z/ings in France, during the life of the In- . cnmbentSy nor at other times : but he may grant out tVrits of Delegation concerning unions^ which />. concei'vedto be done, according to the form prefcri^ bed in the Council of Conftance, and with the con-^- fent of. the Patron, and not otherwife.

The Kings of France iwz/e always refefved thisf authftrity and prerogative te themf elves ^to determina

of,

to the Reader.

of the Kefidenc^of BiJh»pfyto compel them to feed their Flock/-,and K^aii upon their Churches tvhen need required^and that by fei-^ing upon theirTemporahjta call them from Rome to return ifJtoFra.nceito difpenfe with them-, and appro've the caufet of their ahfence*

"the Pope cannot in France difpenfe for any canfe whatfoever-i with that rvhichis of the harp of Cod or Nature f or with that wherein the Council/ do not allow him to difpenfe. And the Ordinances of the French Kings do exprefly forbid all the Judges of the Land to have any regard to difpenfations grant- ed contrary to the facred Decrees and Councils, upon pain of loiing their places : And declare fur- thermore^ That fach as procure the faid Provifo's and difpenfations, (hall not make ufe of them , un- lefs they get leave and permiffion from his Majeflry.

"Jhe Gallican Qhurch is alfo more free from pay -> ments to the Pope than the Church c/'Spain , as alfo to the King. 'the Clergy of France pay only the Difme ; whereas in Spain the King hath his Terfi- a's, Subfidio, Py la, Efcufado ; in all a moiety of the Church- livings.

As to the French Churches feparating from Com' munion with the Church of Rome, they have often been brought very low by the Popifh party.

Sad was the condition of the Church of Merin- dol, which was cruelly rooted out by vertue^ an Ar» reH of the Parliament of Aix,Me«,^r<7w^« andChil* dren being dejiroyed. And yet (^ I doubt not^ but fome fmall remainder of them was preferved. For fo the fory faith exprefly^ pauci quidem profugi Ge-

( a 2 ) nevani

The Preface

oriand.Ec nevam & alia loca Vicinia pervenemnt. Some few ^' ' * q{ them eCca^ed by ^ight to Geneva ., and other Neighbouring places.

What Perfecutions did the Waldeiires,(7r Albigen- fcs filler , Tphen the Tope fent about his Fry an in FT3.nceQtfeemeth]to preach Crufado's^vh.That rvho- fo^'ver would ta\e the Badge of the Crof? upon his" Garment, and ferve the Fope forty days in his Wars agaifiji thofe Chrijiians rvho ^denyed him obedience^ and oppofed his Pride iind Tyranny, Jhotdd have full pardon of all his fins ; and if he dyed in the- Wars ■ jhould prefently go to Heaven, and escape the flamejF- of Purgatory: and by this tneans (as Ire member^ he' had at one time about aa hundred thoufand of the filly people in Arms^ whom he ufed againfi the moH faith- ful Chrifiians-i feeding utterly to extirpate them, and'^ by this me.ws f^ntch Blood ivas Jhed. It woo eafie for him in ihofe times of darkttefs to draw multitudes of poor blinds Olds to DeftruSiion. And Reimond, EarL of Tholoufe, a great Prince, and Peer of France,- r^as ruined, the Pope fei%ing on hfsEJlate andhold-- ingit unto this day.

(f-J French liiftorian fpe aiding of the bloody maffa- Thuan.Hift. g^.^ jj.^ ffj^^ Reign (?/ Charles IX. faith, that many wife^ ^' ^"^' men that were Papifls themfelves, did thinh^, that i^ all-Antiquity there could not be found an example of liks crue^. But even then remark^able was Gods- Providence towards thofe of the Reformed Religion in France. In the. time of that cruel maffacreat Paris lJje.?roie{l2(nts being in great fear /hifted for them- f elves here and there. Among the reft many of them.

- fled

to the Reader.

Hedtoa certain honourable Lady for pr'oteSiion^rvho': being near of hjn to the King^ was the more hold: b»t\ being a faithfulChrijiian.) (he was alfo willing to re- cei'vethem. /i io./;. , lu^i : \. .. w^...' uA i.i/Ai

V Hereof complaint being made^fhe King in great\ dif-pleafure commands her to difmiJI them all, n>hich^ Jhe could not tvithjiand : fo that in one day about 3oon tVaggons {for the mojipart filed with Women and. young Children^ were confrained to diflodge, and' without a guard to go to a ftrong Town for the fafe- ty of their li'z/es. In this Journey they were to paj^ through their bloody enemies, jlragling up and dowm in ArmeSy and ready to fei%e on fuch a booty. Bu$^ by the fpecial pro'vidence of God^a certain Troop of. Armed Gentlemen on Horfe-back^ hapned to }me% ihem^who foon.pcrcei'ving and pitying their danger^ conduMed them along in fafetyy and oft en^ repnlfedt their enemies that were ready to affail them^ And. though the Vrench. Kings (Jja've all of themy pro^ feffedtheKomAwKeligiony yet the Lord bath had manylnftrumentSy who with the ha^arclof-theiir liz/esy and outward EJiateSy ha've flood for ■ihe'-'de-r:- fence of his Church-, divers Princes of the Bloody,. NobleSy Gentlemen and others , and didj}ra»gely, raifsr his Church again after that horrid, maffacrg\Y., by^.- which it feemed to ha've beemextinguijhed. * And King James of happy Memory ^fpeaketh thm.. ef^thofe worthy Patriots whom God raifed up forthe^' defence ofhts Church at that time, in his bool\ of the. defence of the right of Kings J. nei>er J{t3ewyet(^faith he) that the French Proqe/lanta took^ Arms against.

their I-

The Preface^ d^<:.

Jioxnc and F\oi;GncG he fhallMefiroy and burn with fire, fo as fait may be fo-jved on. that Land. The greateji Clergy who ha<vf ini/aded St. Peter's feat^he Jhall fitt to death-, and in the fame. year obtain a dou- ble Crown: and at lafi going over Sea with a great Army, he Jhall enter Greece, and be named King of the Gjeek'i. The Turks and B3irh!Lri3ins he Jhallfub- due, mailing an EdtSi, That every one fh all dye the death, that worfhippeth not the crucified one : and none Jhall be found able to re/iji him^ becaufe an holy Arm from the Lord (hall always be with him, and He fiall poffefs the Dominion of the Earth. . Thefe things being done, he Jhall be called. The reH of Holy Chrijiians. Thm far the Prophecy, which e'ziery one may credit fo faras itlik^s him, faith my

■■■'■ "■- • There is another common Prophecy, viz. That from the C<2ro/i»^i<?^/, that is, of the race of Char' lemaigne^ and BIood'Royal , ihall arife an Erape- rour of France, by name Charles, who fliall. be a great Monarch, and fhall reform the Church and State. He that is curious to fee this Prophecy, may find it among the i>ulgar Revelations. Whether this Prophecy hath any weight in it, 1 refer my felf to other Mens Judgements: :yJhea G^^ hath ap- ppint^djt to be done , he will touch their hearts that (hall do it.

THE

THE

Ecclefiaftical

HISTORY

O F

FRANCE.

Century I.

Eing about to write theHiftory of the CaVkan Churchy - . « -, I fliall begin with tlie firft Plantation of the Gofpel chriftianogc. in France.

Some Writers tell us, that Fhilip the Apofile, of the City cf Bethftida, firft preached the Gofpel in France j and having afterwards prcaclicd in Fhry- gia^ he Was honourably buried with his Daughters at HierapoVs. Others fay, that the Chriftian Faith was iirft planted Hcylin's cof- among the Cauls by fonne of St. Peter's Difciples, fent thither by him ™osr-^'*-'' at his firft coming to Kome, Xyflus, Fronto, and Juliama^ the firft Pa- ftors of Rhemes, Teregort and Mantz, being faid to be of bis Ordaining in the Martyrologies.

The like may be affirmed, (but on furer grounds) oCl'rophinm, faid to be the firft paftor, or Biftiop of Arler. For, afterwards in a con- troverfie betwixt the Archbiftiops of Kwwj in France and Aries, for the Dignity of Metropolitan, in the time of Pope Leo the firft, it was thus pleaded in behalf of the Biftiop of Aries, ^od primn inter Gal

£

/wf.

X'^t etcuumtiii ^miv cem. i.

/?jf, &c. That Aries of all the Cities of Gaul, did firft obtain the hap- pinefs of having 'trophimus ordained Bifliop thereof by the hands of St. Feter. "Trpphimts was a partaker with St. Faul in all his afflidions, and his daily companion. Zofimw writeth, that out of his Spiritual Fountain alLthe Rivers and Brooks of Trance were filled. Neither is-- St. Faul to be denied, the honour of fending fonje of his Difciples thi- ther alfo to preach the Gofpel. Zufcb. EccleT. Crefcens^ a companion of St. Faul, mentioned by him in his fecond ^''^•^'''■^■"P"*' Epiftlei-nto Ihnothy, is faid to have departed into Galatia^ 2 T'iw. 4. 10. which Eufebiiii faith was France. That he was the hrfx Bifliep of Viemia foremen tioned, not only the Martyrologies, but alfo -4(io Vi~ ennenfu^ an ancient Writer of that Church doth exprefly fay. And that it was into this Countrey that he fent Crefcens at that time, and not into Galatiain Afii Mimr^ the tefiiraonies of Epiphanm and T^he- Doroth. de Lxx odoret^ which affirm the fame, may fufficiently confirm. Vorotheus faith, ^^'^' that drefcens preached the Gofpel in France^ and was there martyred

and buried in the time of Trajan the Emperour.

In the Hiftory of Lazarus and Maximirins, we find, that they with Mary Magdalen, and her fifier M(«r//'^ came to Marfeillei. Maximhms ■was-onc of the feventy Difciples of Chrift, as divers Authors tell us. - The French Antiquities tell us, That after the Afcenfion of our Lord, Anno 1 4. the Jews raifed fo horrible a pcrfecution againfl the Chriftians, that the moft part fled whither they could : That Maxfminus accom- panied with Lazarus^ took Mary M^gdalen^ Martha. Marcella her hand- " maid, and feme others, and committing themfelves to the Sea to avoid the fury of the Jews, they arrive at Marfeilles^ where the Prince of Mar., feiiles was baptized. Lazarus beca-ine firft Pallor of Marfeiles, and Maximimts of Aquens. They were ordained to thofe Churches in the Year cf Chrift, 46. in which Year thefe Authors tell us, that Simon the Leper (whom our Saviour cured of that infirmity) was Ordained- to be Minifter of Metitz^ Cenomanenfutm in the Latin.

In the Year following, Martial was fent into France^ who Convert- ed dir-ers Provinces and people, as the Annals of France do 'plainly te- fUfie.

In the Year of Chrift 48. Apbordifius^ by birth an Egyptian , and Governour of all Egypt, at the time when our Saviour being driven into Ezypt-, the Idols of the Temples there fell down, being the Difci- ple of St. Peter at Ayttioch, was Conftituted Paftor of Bmrges in trance. After he had preached there fix years he died, and Z'rf.mis (whom- fome call NathaaaelJ (ucceeded him

Anno Cbiiiii 54. Tar'.-is S^rgiic was alfo Conftituted Paftoi of the. Chuich of Nurbon. A8t«i. de-Ma- About this time C/fwe?(iSirnamed Flavius^ with Celefius nAFtlix^ cb|ire2, Lib. 2.ii and oiT Countrey man y^vifuetas, came alfo into France^ and preached ; *^^-- ■ the GofFv! there : fo did ^w^jfijr with others. Eifingre-,

Cent. 2. Of F R A N C E.

'Eifingrenius out of divers Authors proveth, that Savimanus, or 5a- pjrtf.di'ftbT.'j, bims, one of t-he LXXII Difcipks of Chrift, was by St. Feter the Apo- flle fent into France^ and was Bifhop of 5e»j-, when Claudius was Em- perour, Amo Chrijli 54. and that unto him fucceeded in the Year 74.. Totentianus, who afterwards was an Holy Martyr.

Century II.

IN the feeond Century under the Empire of Marcus Aureliur^ about sulpit. Sever, the Yeai of our Lord, i58. Chriftian Religion began to fprcad in "^'^°''; ®''"' France^ and then firft began Martyrdoms, as Sulptittr Severus faith, who was a Gaul, and lived near about that time. Under Au' reliw Son of Antoninus (faith he) the hfth Perfecution was moved, and then firft Martyrdoms were feen in France^ the Religion of God having paft very late over the Alpes, being feriouily received, and finctrely en- tertained there. ...■■; ;.i,

Many Chriftians there fuffered Martyrdom by the Ern'fj'etC'ur's Cruel Edids, among whom the Martyrs at Lions and Vienna (by both which Cities the River K^oJ^»«* doth run) were the moft eminent.

The Holy Churches there, fent a Letter touching their Martyrs unto the Churches throughout Afia and Phrygia, the Title of which EpilHe Hift^L-f/'^-''"'' thus beginneth 1, "The Servants of Chriji inhabiti>ig Vienna a^td Lioiis, Cities of France, unto tht Brethren throughout Afia and Phrygia, obtain- ing with us the fame Faith and Hope of Redemption^ Teace^ Grace and Glory from God the Father, and Chriji Jefus our Lord, he iKultiplycd.

. Having premifed certain things by way of preamble, they proceed in thefe words. Thegrcatnefs of this our Tribulation, the furious rage Of the Gentiles againiT the Saints, and what things the blcfled Martyrs have liiffered, we are able exa<!Jly neither to exprefs by word', nor com- prehend in writing, e^c. Then they (liew, how they bare manfully all fuch Vexations as the cluftcrcd multitude laid fipon them, viz. Excla- mations, Scourgings, Draggings, Spoyling, Fettering, Stoning, Inipri- fonmcnt, and that being brought before thePrefident, who had excr- cifed all kind of extreme cruelty againft them, Vegctius E^agathus, a young Noble Man, being full of fervent Zeal for Gou, with vehement motion required that Audience might be given him to plead for the Brethren, affiiming, that they had committed no impiety : Which was denied him ■■> the Prefident demanding whether he were a Chriftian, he

B 2 conicircd

acfte eetieftatticai i^tfto^r cent. 2.

confefTed it with a loud voice, and fo was received into the fellowfhip of the Martyrs, and called the Advocate of the Chrijiianf. Then they declare, that Ten weak Chriftians, notable to bear the burden of fo weighty a combate fell in time of Perfecution, to their great heavinefs, and forrowful lamentation. They .add, that out of both thefe Churches as many as ruled and bare the greateft fway, were taken and executed. Great was the whole rage both of Prefident, People, and Soldiers a- gainft Sdn^us^ Deacon of the Church of Vienna^ and againft Maturuf, lately Baptized, yet a notable warriour, and againft Attaltu a man of Fergar,!HS, who was a Pillar of the Faith, and SigimR-Blandi»a, who = at the time of her anfvver was fo replenifhed with Grace from Above, that the Executioners which tormented her by turns from morning to right, famted for wearinefs, and ceafed, confeffing themfelves over- come, marvelling that as yet (he drew breath, having her whole body rent in pieces, and the wounds open i they confefiing withal, that one of thefe Torments was of force fufficient to coft Her her life, much more fo many and fo great fufferings : But this Bleffed Woman like a Noble Wreftler, was renewed at her Confellion i for as oft as (he pro- nounced, I iim a ChriiiiaH^ neither have rpe committed any evil: She was refre(hed, and felt no pain of her punifhment. And fuch was the conf^ancy of 5'j«c7w, that in the midft of his Torments, he uttered neither his own Name, neither his Kindred, nor the Countrey whence he was, but unto every Qu.eftion he anfv/ered in the Roman Tongue, J am a Chrijlian : Thus confe(red he often, neither could the Gentiles get any other Language of him. When the wicked Tormentors a few dayes after had brought him to the place of Torment, and well hoped, that if they puni(hed him now (having his whole body pufftup with fwelling and feftered wounds, fo fore that it might not be touched, no not with the leaft fingerj they (hould overcome him,or that if he died tn- torment, they (hould terrifie the reft j none of all thefe happened unto him, but beyond all mens expeftation, his body was releafed of the pain, recovered it's former fhape, and the memlsers were re(iored to their former ufe. .

Then Biblis, a Woman, was grievoufly tormented, who in the midtl of her Torments, ciyed out unto the Tormentors, and faid. How could they devour Infants, which were not fuffered to fuck the blood of brute Beads ? Then She confelEng her felf a Chriftiao, was brought to Execution. .

They (hew, that Fhotinm Bi{hop of Lro»/ after great Torments was ca(i into prifon, being about ninety years old, being weak of body,- fcarce able to draw breath, creeping on apace, and being (^rengthenei : in Spirit for the conceived joy of Martyrdom which he defired. : He- was carried by the Soldiers, and laid before the Tribunal- Seat, -accom- panied with the Potentates of the City j and xhe whole Multitude^ ani .

being; J

Cent. 2. Of FRANCE.

being demanded of the Prefident, who is the God of the Chriftians > Anfwered, If thou become worthy thou (halt under ftand : After this Anfwer, fuch as were neareft to him pricked at him with the hand, and fpurned him with the foot, reverencing his years nothing at all j and thofe that flood afar off threw at his head whatfoever they had in their hands : He almoft breathlefs is thrown into prifon, where after two dayes he departed this Life.

Maturui, SanClus, Blandina and Attalitf , were led unto the brute beafts in the publick;fpedacle of the Heathens. MatHrw and Sandus were diverfly Tormented with all kinds of punifhments, as if they had faffered nothing before : At length, after they had endured this grie- vous Tryal, they were beheaded. Bhndina was hanged in chains on a Gibbet fo low, that the wild beafts might reach her ; after that (he had hung a long while, and no Beaft touched her, (he was taken down,caft into prifon, and re(erved for further Torment.

AttalM alfo a Famous Man, and notably exercifed in the Chriftian Profeflion, was led within compafs of the Theatre with a Scroll be- fore him, wherein was written in the Roman Tongue, "thU U Attalm the Chrijiiaii. The Prefident knowing that he was a Roman, com- manded him to be imprifoned, and clofely kept with the other prifo- ners, concerning whom he had written unto C^far^ and expeded an Ahfwer.

Alexander, a fhrygtan born, and a Phyfician, having dwelt in France many years, a man well known for his great Zeal towards God, and boldnefs of fpeech, (iood hard by the Tribunal-Seat, and comforted- and encouraged many Martyrs at their Examination : When the peo- ple that f^ood by took in evil part that they which before had recant- ed, did now confefs Chrift, with one confent they cry out againft Alex- ander as Author thereof : Then the Prefident demanding of him what he was, he Anfwered, I am a Chrijiian ; for which Anfwer he was al- lotted to be torn in pieces by the wild Eeafts.

Attains was fryed to death in a fcalding Iron Chair, fo that the (a- vour of his broiled body filled their noltrilsi who being demanded' what Name God had, Anfwered, Cod is not called after ilte manner of Men,

Blandina^ together with Vonticus (a youth of fifteen years of Age) was brought forth, whom they would have compelled to (wear by their Idol's Name : But they contemning their Idol, the multitude were enraged againft them, tormenting them with all manner of pu-- ni(hm«nts. Fonticpts being comforted and confirmed by Blandtna \a prefence of the Pagans, after he had fuffered moft exquifite Torments yielded up the Ghoft. Laft of all, Blandvia like a m'blc Mother, hav- ing exhorted her Children, and fent them before as Conqucrours unto the King, pondering with her felfall the punifhrnents of lier Cliildren, .

h aliened i

6 %\yt cccleftafttcai m^m cent. 2.

Iiaft'ened after them, joying and triumphing at her end, as if (he had been invited, and going to a wedding dinner : After fcourging, after combating with wild Beafts, after the broiling of her body as it were in a frying-pan, at length fhe was wrapped in a Net, and tumbled before a wild Bull, which fanned and toffed her on his horns to and fro, yet had (he no feeling thereof, in the end (lie was beheaded ■-, the Pagans themfelves pronouncing, That never any Woman among them was heard to have fuifered io many, and fo great Torments.

As many as were choked with the roifom ftench of the prifon, were thrown to be devoured of Dogs, the Pagans keepifig a watch day and night, that none of them might be buried by chcir Friends. To be fliort, after thatthe bodies of thebklTcd Saints liad been every kind of way fpitefully and fcornfuUy entreated, ^ying (ix whole dayes urbu- ried, at length they were burned to afres, the adies alfo rnty gather- ed together, and fcattered in the River Kbodanns which pafTed by, fo that no jot or relique thereof fliould any longer icn ain upon the earth. This they did, that there might (as they faid) bt no further hope of their Refurredion. ^

Ireiuus ("after Fhotinns) was Bifhop of Lfojtr, he flouri(hed in the dayes of the Emperour Commodus, his meek difpolition, and peaceable carriage, anfwered to his Name 'Ei^-mw®^ , that is, Peaceable^ and made his Name to be in great account among Chriftians. Eufeb.Eccien The Martyrs forementioned did highly ccmtnend Iren£us unto E-

Hift.Lib.>4. l^iitherius Bifhop of Rome^ as their own words do declare in this man- ner i father Eleutherius, rve wijh you health in all things^ and alrvayes in God. We have reqpiejled Irenaeus our Brother and Feliorv-labourer^ to deliver yon thefe Letters^ whom tve pray you to accept cf^ as a zealous folloxcer of the Will of Chrijf, For if roe anderjiood that any marts degree yielded forth ^ a>td delivered Kighteoufnef unto the Graduate^ namely^ ai being Miriijier of the Church which this man it, rve mould have chiefly commended this in him. ireuLib;-' cap;?. '£'^fibins hath fct down out of Iremuf a Catalogue of the Roman Bi-

" (hips unto his time.

iren. Lib.a.cap. Irenius (heweth, how unto his time Miracles were wrought-by the

5"- faithful : fome (faith he) do foundly and truly caft out Devils, others

have the foreknowledge of things to come, they fee Divine Dreams,

and Prophetical Vifions s others cure the difeafed, and reftore them to

health by their layirvg on of hands. The dead werc-raifed to life (faith

he), and lived together with us many years. Again, in another phce,

Jrenmns thus writeth. We have heard of many Brethren in the Chnrch

which had the gift of prophefying, which were able through the Holy

iren. lib, 5. Ghoft tp fpeak with fund ry Tongues, which could reveil the fecrets

of men where it fo behoved, and expound the dark myfteries of God.

Then arofe a Controverlie about the keeping of Eafier ■•, for the

Church

Cent. 2. Of FRANCE.

church of the Weft, and part of that of the Eaft did Celebjate the Feaft of Eafter upon the Lord's day : but part of the Church of tlie . Eaft did Celebrate it upon the fourteenth day of the Moon of March^ not looking for the Lord's day. Towards the end of this fecond Cen- tury, Vidor^ the fucceffour of EleutheriusBlihop oiKome took that bu- finefs in hand with eagernefs, and for that caufe feparated the Oriental Churches from his Communion. Polycrates Bi(hop of Epbefus refifted him i FiSor being incenfed with that reiiftance, excommunicateth all the Eaftcrn Churches. Enfebius faith, That this did not pleafe all the Biftiops, wherefore alfo they made him a contrary Command, that he (hould keep Peace, Union and Charity with his Neighbours. Among other Examples he brings forth theEpiftle of Irenxus toViSor, where- by he accufeth him to have violated Charity, and to have departed from the Example of his Anceftors. Ktiffinus relateth the fame.

Efifebiui makes mention of what lren£uf wrote concerning the Holy Canonical Scriptures, and the tranflation of the Septuagint. Iren£us wrote divers Epiftles to confute fuch as at Kome corrupted the fincere Rites of the Church : He wrote one to Blaftus of Schifm, another to Elorinus of Monarchy, or ftiewing that God is not the Author of Evil, which Opinion J^lorinit! feemed to be of, but afterwards he was fedu- ced with the Errour of Valentinus. Irenxns in his Epiftle to Vhrinus^ Reporteth, that he had converfed with Tolycarpus^ fo that heremem- bred the place where Volycarpus fate when he taught, his courfe of Life, the figure and proportion of his body, the Sermons he made unto the Multitude, the report he made of his Converfation with St. John the Apoftle, and others which faw the Lord ; how he remembred their fayings, and what he heard our of their mouths touching the Lord-, of his Power and Dodhine, Thefe things (faith he) I diligently marked and printed them in my heart : And 1 am able to teftifie, if that Holy - and Apoftolick Elder had heard any fuch thing, he would have piefently Hopped his ears, and reclaimed it. To be fliort, this may be reported for true out of the Epiftles which he wrote for the Confirma- ■ tion ot the bordering Churches, or out of the Epiftles which he wrote . to certain Brethren for Admonition. or Exhortation- fake. Thus far . Iren£Jtj.

There are but few of the Fathers but have fnme particular Opinion which the- Church of Korae difalloweth as well as we. The Learned . Dr. Vit Moulin mentioneLli many of the Ancients, and among them Dy^/[o„i;n J>-en.?ns^ who faith, th:t Jcfus Clirift Taught until the Age of tony or contr.Pcrmnt.r iifty years. Fevardent^ who hath Con,incnted upon the Book hath ^'''•'•"P"'^"^' writttn in the Murgin, N^viti de xtatc Chrijii ; it is a fault of henxits about the Ac,f- of Cbiift. The fau.e Father alfo Tcacheth, that the - Souls feparu{. d from the bodies have a bodily fliape, and keep the cha- rader or form of the body to which they were joyned. The fame Ire-

r,£us .

8 ^Cfte ccciefiafticai #t(lo?^ Cent. ^

O'

Jren,Lib.4. cap. «^«t faith, That the Law was not given to the Fathers that lived before the Law, becaufe they were Righteous, and there was no need they fhould be warned by Reprehenfions : but that this Righteoufnefs be- ing given in Egypt^ God then had given his- Law. The fame Father in the Fifth Book, Chap. 33 and 34 brings in bodily FeaAs after the Refurredion, becaufe Chrift faid, He (hould drink of the New Fruit of the Vine in the Kingdom of his Father, The fame Father oppofeth them as Hereticks, that hold that the Souls of the Faithful departed do enjoy the Heavenly Glory. His Opinion was, that at their going out of the Body, they go down into an mvifible place where they expe^ the Refurredion.

Be'ldes thofe Epiftles of hensus forementioned, there is extant an- otlier very learned and necefTary Book of hisagainft the Gentiles, En- tituled A Book^of Science^ or, Knoivledge : Another unto Marcianus his Brotlier, Entitvikd, A Dechratiofi of the Apojiles treaching : And an- other Book of divers Trads, where he makes mention of the Epiftle to the Hebrews, and the Book of Wiflom, called Solomon's. lExPlafifliin '" ^^^ timcof the Empciom. Commodns, P eregrinus Aouii(hed, who

viu sixti. had been fent before by Xijim Bifhop o( Kome into the parts of France, tofupply there the room of a Eilhop and Teacher.: Becaufe of the horrible Perfecutions thereabcur, thofe places were left defolate and deflitute of Minifters and Inltrudorsi where after he had .Preached with much fuccefs among the Flock of Chrift, and had eftablifhed the Congregation there, returning to Rome he there jiniflied his Martyr- dom. Six feveral Synods were held about the Obfervation of Eafter, and the fourth was held in France, in which Iremus was Chief.

Century III.

Fter the Death of the Emperour Commodus, Reigned Teryinax but few months,after whom fucceeded Septimius 5fwrKr,under whom was raifed a notable Perfecution againft the Chriftians. Great Perfecution was ftirred upon every fide, whereby an infinite number of Martyrs were (lain, as Eufebius reporteth. Vincent Lib. ii. ViHceHtiHS fpeaketh of one Andoclus, whom Tolycarpus before had ■ Ex'tiirtyroi. ^^"^ it'to France •, which Andoclus, becaufe he fprcad there the Do- drine of Chrift,was apprehended of 5fvewx,and firft beaten with ftaves, and after was beheaded.

About

Cent. 5. Of FRANCE.

About the fame time died Iremus. Henry of Erford^ Ado, and other Martyr- writers do hold. That he was martyred with many more for the Confeffiou and Dodrine of Chrift, about the fourth or fifth year of 5f- vems. This Iren£ut, as he was a great Writer, fo was he greatly com- mended of 'tertulliaH for his Learning, whom he calleth, Omnium do- Urinarum mriofidimum exploratorem, a great fearcher of all kjndof learn- ing. In the time of this Iren£us, the flate of the Church was much troubled, not only for the outward perfecution of the foreign enemy, but alfo for divers Sefts and Errours then fiirring, againft which he di- ligently laboured, and wrote much, although but few Rooks be now remaining.

CalixtHS fucceeded Zepherinus Bi(hop of Kome, and after him Vf^ banus^ which both (as fome Writers affirm) did fuifer under the Em- perour Alexander Severus : This Calixtus in his two decretal Epiftles written to BenediSius, and to the Biftiops of France, giveth forth divers Ordinances concerning the Bidiops and Minillers of the Church. J'in- centius affirmeth, that Calixtus was tied to a great lionc, and fo out of a window was thrown into a ditch.

Under the Emperour Vecius Tas Gregory of T'onri obfervethj Gra- crcgor.Turo- tianamt: to fours to preach the Gofpel among the Pagans, Anno Chri- nenf. Hift. L.ib.5. jii 252. Saturnimis preached at T.holo::fe, and was the tirft BlQiop of that place. Dionyfms alio came fo Yaris, where he was Biihop, and fuffered Martyrdom : This is he who is falfly named Vionyfms, or Ve- m the Areopagite. Saturninus alfo was thrown down from the Ca- pitol of Iholonfe : KttjiicHS and Eleutherius alfo there furfercd Mar- tyrdom.

The Author of St. Omer\ Life relateth, that fufcianus and ViUnri- ttus the Companions of Vionyfms preached at the fame time the Faith of Chrift. Tiiat St. ^intin did the fame among the Ambianians, and futfered Martyrdom.

Anrelins Trobus being inverted with the Empire, Anno 276. went into France where he regained fixty Towns out of the Barbarians hands, and killed of them near feventy thoufand. Having quieted all things in France, he went into Sclavoniit^ and overcame the Nations in Scythia -t And being gone thence into the Eaft, he gave battel to the Ferfians, and having overcome them, arrd taken fonie of their Cities, as he was returning to Italy, palling through Sclavonia, he was killed at Sirmium by the Soldiers, Anno 2S2.

M, Aurelius Cartts ^ born at Narbon in France, fucceeded Trobus^ who foon after Created his Sons Carinas and Numeriamts Ccefars : And having fent Carinas into France, to keep it in peace, he with his Son Nttmerianus went againft the Ferfutus -y there, having overcome Mefi' potamia, he was ftrucken dead by a Thunderbolt. Nttmerianus was flain J)y the confpiracy of Aper his Father in Law. Carinas was flain by a

C Tribune,

lo %l^t CCCleftaftHcai l^tftO?^ Cent.

Tribune, whofe Wife he had defloured : ViocJefian fucceeded him.

Vioclefian upon his Eftablifhment, aflcciated unto him hUximianut Hercules in the Government of the Empire, and they both chofe Con- jtant'nis Chlorus and GaUriits to be their Colleagues, and they were Created Csfars.

In the time before the Tenth Perfecution, the Church of Chrift hav- ing had above forty years of outward reft and peace through the con- nivance and indulgence of fome Emperours {viz. from the death of Valerian until the nineteenth year of Vioclefian) this profperity being abufed by the. Clergy, and other Chriliians unto idlenefs, contentions, ' e^-c. moved the Lord to fcourge them v whereupon followed that (harp and cruc] Psrfecution under Vioclef^aH : Maximia?ius in the Weft, and Dioclefian in the Eaft bent all their Forces to root out the profelfion of Chriltian Religion i rioc/fJ!;?;? endeavoured to deftroy all the Churches and Temples of the Chriftians, that they might not AiTemble together to Pray, and to ufe Divine Service , he burnt all the Books he could get of the Holy Scripture, and would not permit any man if he were a Chriftian to hold any Office or Magiftracy : The Soldiers being Chri- itians, which would not renounce their Faith, he caftiiered, and depri- ved of all military honour, and fome of their lives. Many of the Bi- fbops were plundered, llain and martyred. Great Cruelties were exer- cifed againft the Chriftians in E^vp*, Syria^ Fbrygia, and in other parts. Vincent in Spe- VincentiuT faith, That at7rieri (which is a City fituated by the River cijl. Lib. i2. idofella) one 'Kietionarius exercifed fo great cruelty, that the River was red with the blood of the Chriftians that were flain. In f ranee like- wife he feni Pofts up and down hither and thither with Decrees, and exprefs Commiliions to this end, that in whatfoever place any Chri- ftian was founc, he ftiould prefently be put to death.

But theie tv,o bloody Emperours, feeing the number of the Chri- ftians rather to eiicreafc than to diminiih, notwithftanding all the cru- elty that they could fliew, and having now (as it werej their till of blood, they ceafed at laft of their own accord to put any more Chri- ftians to death i and finding themfelvei not able to deftroy the Church, they gave over the Empire, and became private men.

Cojijiantius Cblcrus, and Maximinns Galnius fucceeded in the Em- pire. Conftantitis parted the Empire with Galerim, and would Rule but in Britain^ Spain and France. GaUrius chofe to him his two Sons, l\I:ixii?n!t:is and Severus •, and CoTiiiantius took Conilantine his Son de- far under him. CcrAantius was a great fupporter of the Chriftians 5 And when in the other JurifdiiSions of the Empire the Congregations ;' ^ ef the Chriftians were molefied with PerfecutioDS, Cof^tantius gave lir

berf y to the Chriftians^

CENT. IV.

Cent. 4. Of FRANCE. 11

Century IV.

COnfiantiHS dying at TorJ^, CoHJianttHe his Son fucceeded him in anno %a6i the Empire : Cnnfiantine who Ruled Trance^ did not only ab- ftain from (bedding Chriftian blood, but alfo had the Chri- ftians in great efteem : Nazarins and Patera were efteemed rare Ora- tours in France, living at that time.

The Hiftories of thofe Times make mention of one Sebafliait a Mar- Fox as. & m<^ tyr, he being born in that part of frame called Gallia Narbonenjh, was "™' ° ' a Chriftian, and a Lieutenant General in the Army of Visclefian, who alfo encouraged many Martyrs of Chrift by his Exhortations unto Con- ftancy, and kept them in the Fairh -, He being therefore accufed to Viockfiatt, was apprehended, and brought into the open field, where of his own Soldiers lie was thruft through the body with innumerable arrows , and after that his body was thrown into a jakes or fink, St, Ambrofe makes mention of this Sebajiian the Martyr in his Com- mentary upon the 1 18. Pfalm.

Cottftantine xclkottd Peace unto the Church, Anm jii. he P^eigned thirty and two years i great Tranquility enjoyed the Church under this good Emperour. Before he had fubdued Licmus, he fet forth many Ed ids for the reftitution of the Goods of the Church, for the revo- king the Chriftians out of Exile, for taking away the DilTentions of the Dodors out of the Church, for the fetting of them free from pub- lick charges : A Copy of his Conftitutions may be feen in Eitfebm his Ecclellaftical Hiftory, in his tenth Book and fifth Chapter.

In the fourteenth Year of Conjlantine there was holden a Council at Wee, for the debating of the Controverfie about the Feaft of Eafter, and for the rooting out the Herefie of Arm, There was likewife a Council holden at Aries under ConftaHtine''s Reign.

Co>i\}aiitine left three Sons, Vfhom he had by Faufia, Maximian's Daughter, Heirs of the Empire, who alfo divided the Empire among themfelves. A fudden Sedition after their Father's death embroiled them all in blood and wars, by the commotion and diffimulation of the Emperour ConJiaatJHS.

In his Time the Arrian Herefie, which for feat of CondaKthte had been fupprefled, began now again to lift unit's head, iox Conjiautius propagates that Herefie.

Hilary Bi(hop of VoiVners in France, lived under the Reign of Co>i- jlantius, a man in Religion conftant, in Manners meek and courteous; he wrote (harply againft the Ariant \ he was baniflicd immediately af- Ruffin.tib.i.

C2 tcr""-^'-

Cent.4..cap. 10.

13 Cfte cccUfiafiicai i^ifio?^ cem. 4.

"V _ ■ - ■--.-.,..■—...-■ .. ■■ .. ■ _

Kr the Council of Milan into Thrygia, as fome fuppofe. Among di» vers others, he dedicated his Book, Ve Synodis fidei Catholics contra: Arianof, to the Bifhops of the Provinces of 'Britain^ during his Exile for the Orthodox Faith, comn^ending them for their conftancy in the profellion of that Faith. Theodor.Lib. '. "Ihegdoret vfn\.Qi\ that he was banifhed to "Thebaida^ and recalled wp^4., from Exile again under Julian : But it is more apparent that he re-

mained in Fhrygia until the Council of Seleucia^ unto which Council he was brought from banifhment i not by any fpecial Commandment from the Emperour, but by a general command given to his Deputy Hift. Magdeb. Leonos^ to affemble toeether the BiQiops of the Eall, under pretence of executing the command ot the Emperour, Hihary being banilhed m the Eart, was brought to the Council of Seleucia i from thence he went to Conjiantinople : The Emperour refafed to hear him difpute with the Arians in matters of Faith, but gave him liberty to return to his own Countrey again. He took great pains to purge the Countrey of France from the Arian Herefiei and he prevailed fo far, that Jerome com- pares him to Veitcalicon^ who both faw the flood of waters overflow- ing Ihejfalia^ and the abating of them alfo ; even fo Hillary faw both Hilar iib. 10. ^^^ growth and decay of Arianifm in France. Yet even this Father dcTxinjt. had his Errours, for in his Tenth Book of the 'trinity^ and upon ?fah 1-38, and 53, he maintaineth. That }efus Chrift in his death fuffered no pain, but that only he would make us believe that he fuifered, and that the blows did not give him any pain, no more than if an arrow- pierced the water, or prickt the fire, or hurt the air, and that the vir- tue of the body of Chrill received the violence of pains without feel- ing : The fame Father faith, That Chrift did eat and drink, not out of any neceflity, but to comply with Cuftom, for which Opinion he „ ,, ,. ^ is reproved by Claudius Bifhop of Vienna, in the Book of the State cf Perron Lib. I. the Soul, That Errour lo grols, hath brought him to another, that m "P«4?. thefe words of the Lord |^F<«i/^er, /fr//^/'/ Cup pa(I from me.'] Jefus

Chrift defired his Father, that his Difciples alfo m.ight fuffer in the like manner : fo that by his account St. Feter felt no pain in fuffering mar- tyrdom. It is alfo one of his Opinions, that Souls are Corporal. He lived fix years after his return from banifhment, and died under the Reign of Valentinian. Stephanui Fafchafats hath thefe Verfes of hira , ill hjs Icones,

Et Hos exhilar,tf Hilar i fanriiffime Trsful, Et monitis viUa eji Arria feUa tm,

Jerome^ although he was born in a Town of Valmatia called Stri— don, and was inftrudted in rudiments of Learning at Kome -, yet from Kome he went into France of purpofe to. increafe his Knowledge, and to divers other places, ~ C-nftantim:

Cent. 4- Of FRANCE. 13

Cof^hntim being dead, Julian his Coufin German alone governed the Empire, Anm 361. having before obtained of Con^iantm the Ti- tle of Cifar^ and been Entitled Augujius by the Soldiers in the City of Varis.

In the Year 575. St. Martin was made Bifliop of "Turin in France; ExHperius was Biftiop of "tholoufe i Simplicim of Vienna ■■, Amandus of Bourdeaux, Maurice of Anjoa^ Fhilafiriits of Ereux ■■, thefe were all ac- counted Bifliops of great fame.

About this time fprung up the Sed oLthe Vomtijh, who were fo ^JJ^],"'^ ^'°'' called from a double Vonatus (as one faith) whereof the one planted ca?" «.*"' the Sed, the other watered it, and the Devil, by God's cermiffion, gave the encreafe. The elder Vonatus raifed a Schifm in Carthage againft good Cecilian the Bidiop there, whom he loaded unjuftly with many crimes, which he was not able to prove, and vexed with this dif- Auguftadquod grace, he thought to right his credit by wronging Religion, a;:id fo be- ^"it^^i^™- gan the Herefie of the ro«a///fx : His moft Dominative Tenet was, that the Church was periflied from the face of the earth, the reliques there- of only remaining in his party.

There were two principal fides of them ; firft, the Kogatijh, fo cal- led from Kogatus their Teacher, to whom St. Auguftine bcareth wit- nefs, That they had zeal^ but not according to kjtorpledge. Thcfe were people of good lives, hating bloody pradices, though erroneous in their DoMrine. But there was another fort whom they called Circumcel- lions, though as little Reafon can be given of their Names as of their Opinions,

Their number in fhort time grew to be confiderable : Their Te- net was plaufible and winning, and that Faith is eafily wrought that teacheth men to think well of themfelves. From Numidia, where oypj^pyj^y^ they began, they overfpread Africa, Spain, France^ It^^y, and Rome it roium iuftitia felf : Their greateft increafe was under Julian the Emperour. This Augl^com"" Apoftate, next to no Religion, loved the worft Religion belli they Petii. Lib. s.- fled to this Bramble for fuccour, extolling him for fuch a Godly man, with whom alone juftice did remain ■■, and he reftored them their Churches again, and armed them with many privileges againll Chri- fiians : Hereupon they killed many men in the very Churches, mur- thering Women and Infants, and raviftiing. Virgins, e^'c. The Vonatijir were oppofed by the Learned Writings of private Fathers, Optaius Milevitanus, and St. Augttjline^ and by two Councils, one at Carthage, vi.l. Aupiftr another at Aries in France, Pope Miltiades was by the Emperour ^P''^' '**• made Judge between the Catholicks and Donatifts, and after him the Eifhop of Aries. This Herefie continued till about the fix hundrcth year of Chrift s and that which put a period to this Herefie, was part- ly their own difTentions : but chiefly, they were fupprefled by the Civil Magilirate ; for Honori us tht Empcionr by punifliments, mixt with

Inflrudtions >

14 X'^teCtltfxMCHl^iftOlV Cent. 5.

vide Baron. An- In^rudions from the Church, converted and reclaimed very many, nai. in A.nno He caufed the Patent of Privilege which Julian granted the VoHatiflfj l&i, ^^'a- 26^- Publkii locis afigendum in ludibrmm^ io be affixed to fublick^ places for a reproach unto them.

Julian vpas flain in battel againft the Ferfians, having governed the Empire after the death of Coftjiafitim one year and feveri months. Then Jovian was faluted Emperour, who being a profeflbr of the Chriftian Faith, rejeded the Avians •, but he died of a furfeit in the eighth month of his Reign. Then Valentinian was Eledted Emperour, a man con- ftant in the Chriftian Faith ; but he died of an Apopkxyln the twelfth year of his Government, leaving his Son Gratian to lucceed him in the Empire-, who after the death of Valens his Uncle, had the Govern- ment both of Eaft and Weft : his Brother Valentinian was his Col- league in the Government of the Weft. Gratian in the beginning of his Reign reduced from baniftiment thofe Billiops whom Valens that Arian Perfecutor had banilhed : Gratisn was flain by Andragathim^ Captain of the Army of hUxitnw , who ufurped the Empire of the Weft, by fraud and treachery near Lions m France^ where he made his abode. But Iheodofius, a man of Noble Parentage in Spain., to whom Gratian had committed the Government of the Eaft, being mindful of the kindnefs of Gratian toward him, led an Army againft Ma-Amus : The Captains of Maximus's Army hereupon delivered him bound to 7'heodofius^ who' put him to death : Andragathius., who (is'.y Gratian, feeing no way to efcape threw himfelf head-long into the Sea, and fo perilhed.

Not long after, Eugenius by the Power of the Earl Arbogaftes, U- furped the Government, Anno 3^1. And the year following, the faid Arbogajies flew Valentinian at Vienna in France : Epiphanius faith, he was ftrangled in his Palace.

Century V.

IN the Year 401. died St. M(Z«/«, Bithop of 7«ri«, who following Hillary into France from his baniftiment, having there lived an . auftere and retired life, was Created Bi(hop of 'turin, almoft at that time that St. Ambrofe was eftabliflied Biftiop of Milan, viz. in the Year 375. A man to be admired above all his Predeceflbrs for Piety, whom the Emperours themfelves have had in great efteem j and a-

mong

Cent. 5. Of FRANCE.

meng the left Maximw^ who feafted him Anno 386. in a Feaft (hat his "Wife the Emprcfs had prepared, who fupplyed the place of a Waiter and Attendant at the Table her felf, Sulptms Severus in the life of St. Martin (heweth, that when he was to be chofen Bi(hop, one of the people having taken the Pfalter in the place of the Reader then abfent, began to read the eighth Pfalm, where there was, Vt dejlruas inimi- eum & defenforem s at which word defenfarem^ the people cryed out againft one Vefenfor, who oppofcd. Martin's Eledion to the Epifcopa- ^

cy. About this time the Monafdcal Profeilion came into Europe^ to which Jerome at Kome, and St. Martin in France did much contribute.

In the Year 44(5. the Velagian Herefie having fpread over all Bri- tain, the Britifh Churches being infecfted therewith, King Vortigertt fent for Germanus Bifliop of Auxerres, and Lttpus Bifhop of 'troyes in Champagne out o{France, men eminent for their Counfel and Doftrine, who confuting the Pelagians, gained to themfelves great efteem among: the Britans.

After the return of Germantts and Lupus into their own Countrey, Felagianifm began to fprout forth again in Britain : But after three years, Germanus returning back again into Britain, brought with him Severus , and the Velagian Herefie was again condemned in a fecond Synod. Britain being thus fettled in good order, Germanus went again, into France, and died foon after his return.

In this Century flouriflied other worthy Bifliops and Preachers kii France •, Fucherm Bifhop of L/o^j- was then eminent, fome of whofe writings arc yet extant. About this time Baronius fpeaks of a Synod Baron..ad AnnJ. of Anjou, which faith. Let none be Ordained Priefts or Deacons, but ^53- fuch as have one Wife only, who married Virgins.

Hillary firft Bifhop of Arles^ and afterward (as appeareth) o{ Vienna^ flourifhed about the year 458. he oppofed himfelf diredly to Lfo Bi- {hop o( Rome, and would acknowledge no Jurifdidion nor Domina- tion of the Bifhop of Kome over the Churches of France. Hilary cal- led himfelf Primate of the Churches of Gauls iuh]edc to the Komam Empire, that is, of Frovence and Vattlphine : for the refl of the Gauls- was then held by the Vifxgoths and by the Franckj. The quarrel was, that Hilary conferred the degree of Bifhop in his Diocefs, not expect- ing the confcnt and approbation of the Bifhop of Kome : but Leo- would oblige him to acquaint the Roman See with it, and to get his; approbntion.

llpiiii that Lfe fends Letters to the Bifhops of r>4«/f/;/»e, whereaf- ter he hath in fwclling words exalted the Dignity of the Roman See i he addcth, Hill try, 7o trouble the State of the Church, and the Concord \f^J^^'J^[^, of Bijhops. l\ netfifrefumptions hath exceeded meafure,defiring fo to fub- viennenrcmpro- Jtci yen to his porver, that he xviV mt fufer you to he fuhjeCi to the blejfed ul'tosr ' Apofle Pcctr J challenging to_ himfelf the. Ordination of all the Churches in Gauls, " " But

jg %f^t ccciefiafticai i^tftojp Cent. 5 .

^ut Hilary came to Rowf, not regarding the Anathema's of Leo, and ID his face affirmed, that neither did Chrift appoint Prtfr to be Head of the reft of the Apoftles, neither had the Bifliop of Kome a Sove- reignty over the Churches of France.

In that ftrife, Leo according to his cuftom had his recourfe to Valeu- , tinian, whopreferitly without hearing, what Hilary could fay for him- felf gave fentence for Leoj and made a Law which is extant in the ^hecdofian Code among the Novel Conftitutions, in the 24*'' Title > the Law runs in thefe words, Whereas the merit of Peter, who is the Frince of the Epifcepal Society, and the Dignity of the Koman City^ and Authority of the Sacred Synod, have efiablifhed the Primacy of the Apo- fiolkk^ See, let not prefamption attempt any lareful thing againji the Au- thority of that See ■■, for then jhall the peace of the Churches be main- tained every rvhere, if the Vniverfality do acknotvledge their Covernour : In which words we may obferve by the way, that Falentinian doth not ground the Popes Primacy upon the Word of God : He addeth, TVe Decree by a perpetual Ordinance, Ihat it be not lawful, either to the Bifiops of Gauls, or to thofe other Province f to attempt any thing again^ the venerable Pope,&:c. but that to them and to all, whatfoever the Au- thority of the Apoftolick^ See hath decreed, or (hall decree, may be a Law^ fo that what Bijhop foever being evocated io the judgement of the Koman Prelate, jhall negleSi to appear, he be conjirained by the Covernour of the Province to make his appearance.

But Valentinian being deprived of Africa by the Vandals o? Africa, and of Spain, and Guienne by the Cothes, and of moil part of Gauls by the Frankj, nothing remaining to him but Italy, Sicily, Provence and Vaulphine, all the Eaft being in the power of Iheodofius, that Law was but of little force.

How much that Law was defpifed in the Empire of the Eaft it is eafie to fee ; for in the Year 472. that is, about 22 or 23 years after that Law of Valentinian, a contrary Law was eftablifhed by the Em- perour Leo, which is the id''' Law in the Code, Ve SacrofanUU Ec- clefiU : The words of the Law are thefe. Whereby the Emptronr de- creeth, that the Church of Conjlantinople be thefirfl of all Churches, and the Bifhop of Conjlantinople be the firfi of all Bijhops : We judge and decree, that the moft holy Church of this 'I own, which is Mother of our Piety, and of all Chrijlians of the Orthodox Religion, and the mo\i holy See of the fame meli Religious City, have all the privileges and honours concerning the Creation of Bijhops, and the right of fitting before others, &:c. BareniiM declaimeth againft that Law of Leo, and faith, It pro- fd Anil ^"ti}' needed from him who is the Head over all the Sons of pride.

Then lived Sidsnius Apollinaris , Bifliop of Clermont in Auvergn, whofe Epiftles are extant, great part of which are written to the Bi- fhops of France his Colleagues > but in none of them is there any trace

.of

Cent. 5- Of FRANCE. 17

— — — ' — — ^ _ -t*-

of fubjedion to the Roman See, or of communication with the Bi(hop of Rome. The fame Sidoaiut calls Lupus Bifliop of 'troyes Bifhop of Bifliops, and thefirft Bifliop of the world, and faith, That ^6' is fitting in the Jpo(ioUck^See. This Man wrote all his Epiftles in Latin, and Preached alfo in Latin : In the tenth Epiftle of the fecond Book, h(f complaineth, That in his time among the Vulgar, the purity and pro- »

perty of the Latin Tongue decayed, and degenerated into barbarouf- nefs. And in the Epiftle to Pope Ferpetms (for then all the Bifhops that were a little more refpeded than the ordinary Bifnops, were cal- led Popes) there is a Latin Sermon made by the faid Sidonius unto the people of Bourges, a certain proof that the people of Bourges under- ftood Latin.

About this time flouriflied Projper of AqnitaiH , fo called from his Countrey, not the place of his Biflioprick, as Baranius faith ; He wrote Ve Vith CoHtemplativa, Of a Centemplative Life : In his firfi Book, Chap. 23. he prefcribeth. That the Preacher's Language be fimple and plain, though it be not very good Latin, yet that it be orderly and grave, uiTer. de Brita«; that it may hinder no body (though ignorant) to underlhnd it. He E«ier. Primord. wrote a Book Ve Ingratis, by which name he alway marketh out the Telagians that fprung out of theafties of that Arch-Heretick Pe/i^g/a/. RegienfemEpi- He wrote many excellent things in defence of the Grace of Chrilt a- fconum fmire re- gainft the Telagians^ and flieweth himfelf to be a Difciple, and vehe- "emorjntf°Tn ment defender of St. /4«g«tfi«e, faith Bf/Zarw/w, fententUs quad

Salvtanus Bifliop of Marfeilles lived then when the Nation of the EpTgrammata va- Goths oppreffed France^ and many began to doubt of the Providence c" 7":^« n'"j» of God, in regard that thofe wicked wretches had got the upper hand, and profpered fo much in the world i therefore he wrote an excellent Treatife, Ve Judicio & Vrovidentia T>ei^ to Salonius Bifliop of Vienna : One entitleleth him, Gallic£ Gentis Epfcoporum Magijirum^ Ihe Majler of the Bijhops of the French Nation.

Salonius wrote upon the Books of the Troverbs and Ecclefiajles. Claudianus Matnmertus Bifliop of Vienna is praifed by Sidonius with Patr. Symf, Ecr cxcellive commendations, as if all the Graces of Jerome, Augujiine^ cicf.Hift. £<ar/;/, Nazianzen, and inzny other Fathers had been incorporated in him. He wrote three Books De Statu Animx^ Of the State oftheSoul^ to the fame Sidonius^ with two Epiflles. How much the Popifti Bifliops differ from jhofe Famous Bifliops that flouriflied in thofe dayes, the Reader may underftand by this following Epitaph of Claudianus Mam^ menus made by Sidonius :

Hoc dat cejpite membra Claudianus, >'/

T^riplex Bibliotheca quo Magijho '

-vt- 'Romana, Attica, Cbrifiiana fulfit :

^am tetam Monachus virente in 4tvo

D Stcrtta

8 %^t etatUmtal^X^Otl^ cent.

Secreta bihit injxruUione^ Orator^ ViahUicns^ Toeta, TraUatcr^ Geometra, Mnficiiftjue^ VoGus folvere vhtcla quijUontim, Et verbi gladio fecare fedas, Vi qu£ Catholicam fidem laceffunt^.

Tandem Concludit :

At tTt quifqnU doles, amice le^er,

Ve tatito quafi viro Hthil fuperfit, Vndk parcegem rigare marnior :

Mem & gloria non quettnt human.

Taulijuis lived about- this time, he was Bifhop rf Nola^ born in: France^ a man of a great wit, and an excellent Orator and Poet. Ot both Teftaments he writeth thus to Severm ;

.'■•i^.Epift.ad ' Nam quia latorem duo "Tefiamenta per Hftum^

Pada Veum in Chrijio copulat una fides. Lex antiqaa novam fir mat, veterem nova completj ■ In veteri f^es e/i, in mvitate fides, Sed vetus atque novum conjungit gratia Chrijii^ - ■

And upon the Supper of the Lord, I will add thefe myftical Verfes- out of the fame Epiiile,

J« cruce fixa caro ejl, qua pafcor, de cruce fangms

Die fiuit, vitam quo bibo, corda lavo. Came tua vivet, tunc illi pocula fanguk -

Fribeat, in verba vivat agdtqtte t«g.

The next Khali mention is John Cajfian, the-Scholax^ Ghryfojiome^ and made Deacon by him at Con^aniinople, afterwards he wasa Pret byter of the Church of MarfeiHes.

Vincentiui Lirinenfis, a French man, fpent the firft partof his life in Secular and Military employments, but afterwards he fcd a folitary and ccntemplative life, and became a. Pie?by^:er, as the Catalogue of Gennadius relateth i he wrote againft the pelagians dorANettorians, and againft prophane novelties. .

In the Year of Chrift 485:'"'€7ot iV' tHe-firft"G>f that Name, and the

fifth King of France, began his Reign beir.^a'fen5ut t^'iC ^e of fifteen

^ years i a Prince of fingular Hope,' burn for the efl-t&liihment of the

Fr«;J^ Monarchy ; He had the honour to bethetisit Chtiftian King

~i. of

Cent. 5. Of FRANCE. ip

_„^ ~

of France. Although Clovis was a Pagan before by Frofeffion, yet was he no enemy to the Chrftians, fitting himfelf to the humour cf the Cjw//, who generally followed the Chriftian Religion. He fuffeied his Wife likewife to Baptize her Children. C/o*iW« defired nothing more cauflnsHoiy than the Converfion of her Husband, which happened in this fort: '-°"'^' *"'■'•»• The Snevi, a people 'of Germany, paffed the Khiite with great Forces, Commanded by many Kings, who were perfonally in the Army, and came to rufli on the Gauls^ with intentions to deftroy the beginnings of the French Monarchy : Clovis fpeedily oppofeth them with good Troops, for he likewife had drawn together to his Aid the Kibarolf^ people near bcidering on the Khine, who were Allied to the French, and had-firft of all given notice of the Enterprise of the Snevi, who in a near degree threatned them.

■ The encounter of the two Armies was near Colen, which was one of the moft defperate that we find in Hiftories, The King undertook the Conduift of the Cavalry, and had given unto Prince Sigebert his Kinfman, the Infantry : There was nothing but fire, tempefts, deaths, and flaughters, fo great was the refidance on either fide : In the end _ Sigebert valiantly fighting, vvas wounded with an arrow, and bom all bloody out of the battel by his Son. The Infantry (through the ab- fcnce of their Colonel) was defeated and put to rout. All the burden of the battel fell upon the Cavalry, which did great exploits, fighting before the eyes of their King s but in the end, the fhock of their ene- mies was fo impetuous , that it brake through and fcattercd them. Clovis covered with blood and duft, performed the duty both of a great Captain and valiant Soldier v but notwithftanding all his endeavours, terrour had fo feized on thefe flying men, that his affairs grew defpe- rate ; Hereupon Jurelianits, the Kings great Favourite, perfwadeth him to make a vow unto God to be Baptized, if he returned vidlori- ous from this battel v which he did, calling aloud upon the God cf his wife, and promifing an abfolute Converfion to the Chrifiian Faith.

The word was no fooncr fpoken, but that his Troops rallied thera- felves up, made head againft their enemies, puifued them, ran through and routed them with fo great a inaflacre, that the fields were all co- vered with dead bodies : The difcomfiturc fo terrified them on the 0- ther fide of the 'Rhine, that the Almans which furvived yielded them- felves tributaries to his Majefty.

Clotilda hearing the news of this vidory, and of the King's pious Refolution, went out to meet him as far as Champagne, accompanied with Remigim Bifhop of Khemei, a man of great Piety and Eloquence to inftrudi him in the true Doftrlne wherein he was very ignorant. DeSerrMHi(». It was neceflary he (hould be infi:ru(3-cd -by a difcreet man, that in invu. ciodov. kaving the vanity of Vagan<:, he rright not be infeded with the Jrijit Herefie, which then was difperfcd in divers places s and even his own Sifter L(?«/;eW* was jnfcdted therewith. D2 The

. 20 cfte ecrtefiatticai J^ifto?^ Cent. 5.

The preaching of Kemigius was effedual with C/oiw, and the Ex- ample of Clov'ii with his men of war : When he came to the Church of Hhemes to be Baptized, Kemigm fpake to hirs thefe words, 'Bend thy Hfck^ to the yol^e in mildnejl^ wor(l:if that which then ha[i bttrnt, and hum- that which thou hall worfhippd : He Anfwered , I a>orJhip the true Goi^ which u the Father^ Son and Holy Choli, the Creator of Hea- ven and Earth. The King being Baptized, exhorted his men to the iame belief-, they cry all joyntly^ IFe leave our Mortal Gods, and are ready to follow the Immortal. So ClovU was baptized at Khemes by Re- »2igi:is, and with him three thoufand of his Soldiers, to the incredi- dibie joy of the Gauls, greatly afFeded to Cbriliian Religion i and this perfeded the union betwixt them and the French, making their yoke eafie, and them tradable.

The firft War he undertook after his Baptifm, was againft Gamhant King of 'Burgundy, who being vanquilhed became Tributary to CloiU. Goi/Jjant was an Arian, and this his Herelle drew upon him the ven- geance of God. Afterwards ClovU encountred with the Forces of ^^/j- ricus'in Aqiiitain, difcomhteth them, and kills Alaricm. The hand of God thundred and lighrened at that time upon many Diadems of He- retical Kings, viz, Comh.mt^ Codemar ^ Chiller jc, God^gifduf , Alari- CHS, and in the end on Iheodoricl^ him/elf.

Kemigius was a man of moft holy Converfation, and befides his ad- mirable fandity, acknowledged throughout all France, he had the re- putation to be one of the mofi able and eloquent men of his timej witnefs Sidonius Apollmarius, who fpeaking of his eloquence with ad- miration, faith. He thought there was not a man living upon the face of the earth, whom Keitugim furpalTeth not, without any elaborate ftudy at all, through the experience he had acquired of well-fpeaking: his conceptions were unimitable, his language fo fweet and polite, that it refembled a very fmooth piece of ice, whereon nothing might be feen unequal: His fentences were full of weight, his arguments forci- ble, and his words glided along like a river, and ever bare in them fome flathes of lightning at the end of his periods : He was a very learned man, as by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old and New Teftament evidently appeareth. €af»l. Teft. ve- Among the Colledions of /^i-e^^iwy, there is an Epiftle with this Jit. " Title, Ihe Epijile of the Bijhops of Germany and France to Tope Anafta-

Cus : This was written in the time of Ring Clovls.

Leporim a French Monk made a fiourilh of the Nejlorian HereCe, but being refuted by Aagnliine, he asked pardon of his Errour.

Fanjhis of an Abbot was made Bifliop of Khegiiim in France, as CennadiiK writeth in his Catalogue : He wrote againfi; the Felagianx and EpicHreans.. A contention arofe in France about the Dodrine of Predcfunation which, had. it's rife ou: of the. Backs of St, Angt^Une^.

being:

Cent. 6: Of FRANCE. 21

being ill underftood. Lucidus made oppofition, Fauflm chaftifed him,, and brought him to his Opinion : Eleven Biftiops fubfcribed to theE- piftle of Faiijhis in. the Council of Jrlet ; by which Faujiuf himfelf a& firmeth, that an hard piece of work was put upon him, of difputing concerning Grace and Free-will. About the fame time alfo was fo- lemnized at Lions an Aflembly of twenty feven Bilhops.

ViUorinus of Aquiiaitt, at the requeft o£ Hillary fet forth an Eaftpr-- Circle of 532 years, in the year 563. ■ ,,

Century

ioa^'iiii

THe Province of tJarbon, which was called the firft Province of France^ remained in the Goths fubjeftion, and thence it began to be called Gothia; iox Amalaricus (his Father Alaricm be" ing dead) haftily flying, into Spain^ he retained under his Power S^ain^, with that part of France^ which we have mentioned before.

The Divine Providence gave to C/ww, above all other Princes in the world, fuch happy fuccefs, as oftentimes his wars were miraculoufly confirmed to be guided of God i among which is that remarkable thing. That haftening againft Alaricus^ having encamped near the Ri* ver Vigenna^ he found a (hallow place by the diredtion of an Hind that pafled over the River before him, through which he tranfported his Army to the other fide v and after this vidory, preparing to befiege Angoulefm^ the walls of fhe City falling down of their own accord, gave him an eafie entrance into the City : "Which things being known, the Emperour Anajiafius the year following the vidtory of Vocles fcnt a Standard to Chlodovetts ox ClovU : And he went in Proceffion in St. ^^^1''^%' Martin's Church at Ittrin, with his Belt, his Purple-gown, and his cap. 2. Diadem i then coming to P'^w, there he eftabliflied his Throne Anno 507, with fo happy fuccefles.

Prccopim faith, that the Franks made a League ofienfiv€ witli King. "Iheodorich^ againft the Burgundians^ and tliat the Goths delaying the time purpofely, at length arrived when the fight was ended j and (b without receiving any lofs, they divided the fpoil with the Franckj^ equally (baring the Kingdom, which it is like came to pafs about the year 508, it being after the Vifigoths great defeat, although at that time the Burgundian Kingdom was not utterly extindin France i for GKa» dfbaHt being defeated and dead, Sig'fmiid his Son kept flill what re-

mainedj,

0 3 X^t ecdefiadtcai i^tfto?^ cent, s,

Tiiained, who harkening to Avitus Bifhop of Vienna, changed his Arian HeiteCe into the Orthodox Faith.

After' this CUdovem raging agairift his neareft Friends, put them al- itnoft all to death, and at laft, in the year 5^11, died in ?am. GlovU convoked the firft Synod at Orleans.

Then flouriflied in France Cxfarius Bifliop of Aries (whom we read 'to have beeii one of the Council of Agathus, held in the year of Chrift 506. ) ajid lived unto the time oi Vigilm^ of whom he received a Let- ter, Anno 538.

Alfo Avitm Bi(hop of Vienna, by whom the Burgundiani received the Chriftian Faith.

Kemigius Bifhopof Khemes, called the Apoftle of the Franckj, died Anno 534. _.r^'^ .

In the fame Year was held a Council at 'Avergnes, wherein was F/rf- vius Bi(hop of Khemes : Then are Hincmarus and Ylednardus miftaken, , in faying, that he officiated in the Biftioprick 74 years, and lived $6 years.

In France Launomarm of Chartres^ zr\d Maximinus o£ Orleans were •renowned Friars , Maximm builded the Micians Monaftery near unto . the City, he was Nephew to E«/^/ci»i. C/ow, as he went firft to Or.- leayis, brought them both thither along with him. Sigehert callefh that Monaftery of the Micians Maximus's Monaftery v alfo Avim and Carilefm, Maximus's Difciples : But ClovU being dead, his four Sons idiVide the Realm into four Kingdoms. Childebert was King of Varii^ arid under this Realm was comprehended the Provinces of ToiUou^ ftiain' 'Tmrain, Champaigne , Anjoii, Guyenne, and Awvergne , Clotair'e was King oi iSoiJfons'i and the dependance of this Realm were Ver- 7nandffis, Ficardy^ Flaunders and Normandy. ' Clodamir was King of Or- 'ieans, and the Eftates of this Realm were all the Dutchy of Orleans^ burgundy, LiotisU, Vaulphine and Vrevence. Ihierri was King of Metz, and tO'his Realm was fubjeQ: the Country of Lorain, and all the Coun- tries from Khemes unto the Khine, and beyond it all Germany, which DeSctresiri vit. was the Ancient Patrimony of the Kings of France : He was received chUdeb. in this Royal Partition wilh his Brethren, though he were a Baftard,

the which hath been likewife pradifcd by others in the firft Line : And as every one of thefe four Kings called themfelves Kings of France, fo they alfo added the name of their Principal' City, where they held their Court. ■' • '■" But there was a Civil DifTention betwixt the Brethren, they Lcavy forces with intent to ruine one another : They Reigred forty and two years together as Kings of Fr^^w^, yet with a particular Title under ' this general, as hath been faid : But in the end Clotaire remained King

alone. , '

'^ At this time "Were frequent meetings of Bifliops in Aunlia, or Or- ;t: ' leans ■-,

Q^nt.6. vDf FRANCE: tll^ 2^^

leans ; mity fuperftirious' Conftitutions were hatched among t/iem, symfon's church efpeciaUy about prohibition of marriage, for tljis Dgd^rineh^d ^9'^ ■S)9tf-^e'c°7c'm!''' *' the up{)£rhapd in tfae'Wefl. . . ^:..-ijj'i: "^ i,T

In the fecond Council Simony iscondemned, ani4otl^ ?Pft?fyinSr(S4-

money fer.the admiitirig. a man tO: a Spiritual ;Qffic^,js:coi:id,(?mned.

'In the third CoUricil^Beriurysfe-^hbDrredi in a pan ha¥it)g ^.^jvifjmal

Callings but foftly puni(h«d'by tlwoyters, eficjAding ;l^ii^;fr(^^the-'

Communion.. V _. . .. }c . _,// -.^ ar ._. .ojuc. . .<; i ., ..(:■•» a-;

In the fourth Codtrcil it is Ordiinfldv-Xijatin'tj-ie .offering of t];\e;T.heBi{hop: met Holy Chalice, Nothing fhallbe.prefiatod but witie, ffn^ly- unm,ixei? '^ith in the synod at water,. :becaufe it^is a' facrilefeiQu jftb'bg.to^Xranfgr^iitfhe holy, n^n^lSe, tteir imers'thus and inftitUt«»i'at.<D(nrSa'vieawGfeiiii;.j ^: ,• ': ^;: ar'T /u'nT -ifjo'i ■vf*° •''^'^'"E' To

In the -fifth Council it is-:ctohdefc4nded, that no man (hall ,%> Or-. ""Jn^iYi^iirtus dained -Bifiiop witihtet jconfent. of Kmg, Clergy apd People,, fcc(^ding^ King ciovh, the to the Ancient Conftitution of the Church, and that no Spijit^^ JOfc thoii°ckchu?ch,..

fiGfeCfliallfcebOlight by mohey^: ..;.;; ' 0:;:" ., . 'j;-- -, i -kIj _,J};, ''allthe Clergy

-'■Thfere' was ah '>heaip-of CbtiffitutionsT a|>out.rthe l^:epit]igofif4€af anc^mand'ertocome ' Ea-feitJ'aticSttithe prohibition) i6f Marriage betwixt ChfiftijiBs/and; un- ""'°';'i^ <^°""- cOriVe*fedJjfe««ss;'iab®iur'$erv'ants not to te admitted to Ecclefiaftical Andi^'isfiid in GrBei-sV about Affemblies to b^ (at the leaft) yearly Convocatedfcj '{•'^^"ftceto BWitops, about Ecclefiaftical Rents not to be dilapidated, f. i;iov:if nd\ of oliemsl'^' ;n<iinder the- Reign' of 7?'iW<'^ert King, oi. Lorain^ Bttrguniy and ^«''> ^mbfd I"* ^'^ n»^?, tj*ieF6'thters whowfre prefent at the Councils; of Or/e^Mx, conr command of out - vened alfo in the Council of Oi;>i?B/r,and ordaihjedj that no man ftiottlii^?j^j^"i'^'*Ji^°''* arrive to'^he-Oifice of a BiHbop 'byrthe favour of men -invAijthowtypCityof oi-'ean^,.. but by the merits of an honeft and unreprovable life. ■• ; : :'.-;;■! ■'

That the dead body of a Biftiop in time of his Funeral, (houldnotf be -covered with fhc- Pall (otherTOifec'calledi Opertoriim'VominHi gprj^ /dfwj'4ei! the honour done tq the body^/fiiould be a ppHuting c*f i,t|hf.-. Altar, with many other Conftitutions. .^ 1 , utrf , : i ',s,n^i>'j

Under the Reign oi'Cherebert Kirigof Fran&e^^ aGoiujiGil waS AITem- bkd at Tours. In this Council it was Ordained, that the Cleigy and,; People in every C ongregation {hould provide relief for their ,owh poo% and not-permit-thecn-to waiid£r:up.aml down. ;) i: a ..r ■ • . oi!'

It was alio Ordained, that a Bilhop fhould count his Wife as hjs Si-^- R^iH, «tid thaf he lliould no manner orwaycompspy with-her, anidfor rhis dfcft fhould^ have Presby ters andi 'Deacons fo familiarly , <:onverfan t- wi'Ph'-him, that they raighclhear tdtuRony.of.his hopeit bchayiouifj. »Mv that he never cnmpanied with his- VVife.i '. Tihf Papill? ithea^fely^j^- cbuld'iwit overji)af^ chis Canon.' without 3 eeqfttrlei. ; . ■ .) "'.'>4<5Kbye<i?n' Was'Ord^ined' .TiiaOiiO PxieLfcpr MQflfeflWild reeeiy^ ih bcdWitH-'h^M a-wclcbtr, riidit oeMoe'A, .tuihe end. thcjy, ;riiglit bf fe< urireprovabk', that tliey^ would', abllain from all appcaraa^eof evil; ' In this' Council were fet down reiy ftridt pjfohibiuoi*?, ^ thfct noT'^afi ' ' .:.::>.■.' ''Ihould-.

£f %fit ettMmmi^mt'^ cent, e,

— - - - - '" — '-^ : — , ■ . .

y-ii-'i'i,, fliould opprefs the Church, and convert to his ownufe any thing duly i)tlonging to them, left he incurr the malediction of Jttdits, who was a Thief, and kept the bag, and converted to his own ufe a part of that mbny which belonged to the poor.

. A-'Council likewife was^holden at Paw, wherein order was taken

coriCernihg admitting of Bilhops to their Offices, That no man (hould

be adrnitted Bifhop without the full con fent of Clergy and People,

and that no man fliould prefume by favour of Princes only, without

.i'N . ;::i a m. .the confcnts aforefaid, to become Biftiop in any place.

fls'ni'b'tBd'.-'c T>io'w <jlotaire remained alone King o{ France, his Brethren being

![,(bji9M3ji:?: .dead,' their Children alfo were dead, and C^iWe/»frf the eld^ft died

rT ,-r.}i:-'^ 'withot^t IfTue. The Reign of Clotai/e rwas (hortand wretched ^ He

fought to extort the thirds of all Ecclefiaftical Things to his private

-, , . Affairs ; but the Clergy oppofed themfelves againft him, fo as threats.

;i-;j:^,:,iu, prevailed not. }iedks Anna ^6-j,

- .-orBV^c^orfw Before that be Rules as King alone, he Ereded the little Realm of

.rnoooi^bstnn.^^rtot upon this occafion. upon good Frydiay he flew Gi^tvtfT oiXve-

-n.ic3 sn' ■--:^^^ his Scrvant in the Chappel where he heard Service. Mt is faid,, that

the King had ravifhed his Wife lodging in his houfe^ fo as he that was

. - . beaten tuffered the puniftiment. Pope Engenm difpleafed with this

infamous murther, condemned him to repair the fault upon pain of

Excommunication : Clotaire for fatisfadion Ordairieth,, That frpm

thenceforth the Lords of Tfetot (hould be free from all homage,. fer-

vice, and obedience to the King £br the Land oflvetotin the Countrey

of Normandy : And fb this fmall'feigiieury hath continued long with

the Title and Prerogative of a Realm; until that this Title of a Realm

was changed into a Principality, the which the houfe of Bellay doth

iTow enjoy. Clataire had by two Wives five Sops and one Daughter v

four furvived' him, viz. Cherebertj Chilperic^ Sigebettt, Cifpthffltt aiJ^

Clofitidehis Daughter. - ■ riiVj ,\ , --: , ■ -r^'

Cherebert was King of France^ Chilperic King of Soijfom, Gonthran

King of Orleans^ Sigibert King of Metz or Lorain, although each of

them called himfelf King of France^ and commanded abfolutely over

the Countries under their obedience : All of them Reigned together

fifteen years.

The fecond Council oiMatifcon was convened in the twenty fourth year of King Gunthran : In it complaint was made, that Baptifm ufu- ally was miniflred on every holy day, infomuch that upon Eafter day fcarce were two or three found to be prefented to Baptifm : This they Ordained to be amende^J, and that no man (except upon occafipn of infirmity) prefume to prefent his Child to Baptifm, but to attend up- on the Feftival dayes prefcribed of old, that is, Eafter and Whitfunday. Alfo it was Appointed and Ordained, that the Sacrament of the Al- tar (hould be Adminiftred before any of the Communicants had tafted of meat or drink. That

Cent. ^. fif FRANCE. 25

That no perfon who fleeth to the Church, as to a City of Refuge, (hould be drawn back again by violence from the bofome of the Church, or be harmed in that holy place.

That a Bifliop (hall not be attached before a Secfllar Judge. That the Houfes of Biftiops fhall be kept holy with exercifes of piayer and finging of Pfalms, and (hall not be defiled with the bark- ing of dogs, and muting of Hawks.

That Secular men (hall do reverence to thofe of the Clergy, even uHto trie loweft degree of them ; in fuch fort, that if the Secular Man do meet any of the Clergy walking on foot, he (hall honour him by uncovering his head : But if the Secular man be riding on horfeback, and the Clergy-man on foot, then the Secular man Ihall light down from his horfe, and (hall do reverence to the Church-man.

In the third Council at Matifcon, we read of nothing but a conten- tious difputation between two Biihops, Falladius and Bertram , and fooli(h queftions fcarce fit to be difputed in Grammar-Schools.

Chilperic, a crafty man, feizeth on his Father's Treafure, and labour- eth to become Mailer of the City of Tark, but was not able to ef- fea it.

Cherebert having caft off his Lawful Wife, and being Excommuni- -cated by German Bi(hop of ?arvs ^ dieth at Blavia in SanUon in the ninth year of his Kingdom about the year 570, whofe Kingdom his Brothers divide among themfelves.

Cbilferic and Sigebert waged War one againll the other : Chilperic enters the Countrey of Sigebert, and takes from him the City oilihemes: Hereupon Sigebert purfues his Revenge, and takes from Chilperic Soif- fins, the Capital City of his Realm, with his Son Iheodobert^ forcing him to retire to 'tonrnay. Sigebert comes a Conqueiour to Taris^ where he is received by common confenti and foall the Cities belonging un- ' to Cherebert yield him obedience. But as he thought himfelt fettled, behold two young foldiers ffuborned by Fredegund an harlot of Cbil- peric^s) came to his Court, enter freely into his Hall, and getting near unto him, each of them (labs him with his dagger, and he falls down dead in the place : Thefe murtlicrers were I'uddenly torn in pieces, fo as they could not be known, nor declare by whofe inftigation they had committed this murther : Vet was it generally thought, it was the practice of Fredegund to free Chilperic, and to make her way the more fmooth by the deatli of Sigebert who crofTcd her moft. Now is Chil- peric received King of France in the place of his elder Brother, Jnno 578. and Reigned fourteen years at Parii and Soijfons, while that Childebert the Son of Sigebert Reigned in Atiftrafia or Lorain^ and Goit- ihran at Orleans and Burgongne. He found Brunhanlt the widow oi^Si- gebert at Tar'n, a fubtil and audacious woman, whom he confined fo Khoven, whither he likewife fent his Son Merovee to take poiTeihon t

E the

2&' X'^t ettitMftitai ^iHmv cent. 6,

the City ■> but there he was furprifed by the beauty of Brunehanh : She fo infinuated into the Bi(hop, that he allowed of this Marriage, al- though (he was his Aunt : Chilperic moved herewith can:ie to Koven-^ degraded and banifhed the Bifhop, and puts Merovee into a Cloyfter. Merovee fleeing, is purfued, taken, and llain by his Father's command > and left Audovere his Mother, (a virtuous Princefs) and Clovis her o- ther Son, (liould feek means of revenge, he rejeds his Wife, and cau- feth ClovU his other Son to be llain.

For thefe diforders the Nobility complain againft Fredegmide ; here- upon Chilperic takes Galfonde to Wife, the Daughter oi Athanagitd King of Spain ■■> but by the iiiftigation of Fredegonde Chilperic ftran- gleth his fecond Wife, and publickly marrieth Fredegonde.

Chilperic when he had feen Clotharius born to him of Fredegonde^ the fourth moneth after, a little before night, returning from hunting, is by privy murtherers killed Anno '^%ii^. That murther was hatched by Fredegofide , and committed by Landerick^an Adulterer of hers : thus died this deteftaUe C/jii^fc/c, Hillorians make him guilty of im- piety, as well as of execrable wickednefs ■> for he denietl the truth of the three perfons in one Deity, and the Incarnation of the Son of God,

Gunthran dieth In the year of Chrift 5^3. having left a good me- morial behind him of Piety and other Virtues, the which being com- mitted to Church- Tables, is repeated every year on the 28^^" of March. His Kingdom came to Childebert.

Childebert^ Anno 5^6. is taken away by poifon, together with his wife, v/nom 7beodork and Iheodebert his Sons fucceed , under the tuition of their Grandmother BrK«f^<?;J^ They fight again ft C/o/^a- rius^ and being overcome in battel, they force him to part with the greateft part of his Kingdom,

Sagittarius Biiliop of Fbredum^ and Salonim Bithop of Vopinga in France^ for their wickedneffes , and alfo becaufe being armed they fought in manner of foldiers, in the Affembly of Lions were before this- . deprived of their Epifcopacy in the fixth year.of Gunthran ■■, but they appealing to Pope John^ were leftorcd by his command. At laft, be- caufe they continued in hainous offences, they were again by the C«» billonian Council deprived of all Dignity.

At Augulioriinm died 3.adegmid , Anno 587. in wbofe Monaftery were fome Virgins fprung from a Royal Stock, who being lifted up in pride againft Leubovera , the Governefs of the Nunnery, firft of all departed from her : The Guardians being fent into the Monaftery, and all things taken away, they drew out Leubovera by force from thence. At length by the command of Childebert a Council of Bilhops being gathered together in ViUavia^ they were Excommunicated, and Lett- bovera reftored unto her former place^

About

Cent. 6. Of FRANCE. 27

About the year 5^0. Serenus Bifliop of Marfeilles feeing his people fal- ling to the adoration of Statues, brake them, and caft~thera out of the Church : About which Pope Gregory the fiifl; reproveth him in two Epiftles, faying, That Images indeed ought not to he rvorflnfped^ hm that they ought not ts be broken neither^ becaufe they are itijiead of Books unto the ignorant.

But it was not long before the Popes became the great Patrons of the adoration of Images, and made it a means of their riOng-, for when the Greek Emperours fell to the breaking of Images, Gregory the fe- cond took thence occafion to fliake olf the yoke of the Emperours, as enemies of the Saints, and made Home and part of Italy to revolt from sigon. t-'J.s.dc the Obedience of their Soveraign : And he made himfelf a Temporal "^^2"° '»'• Prince,- under colour of defending Images, as Sigonim relateth.

Venantiuf^ Honorim, Clementianuf, ¥ortunatm^ by Nation an Italian^ came into France^ feating himfelf firft at lours ^ afterwards at Poi&iers •> he was firft made a Presbyter, then he became Bifhop of that place. He is reported to have reduced the French to a more gentle kind of life, by his writings and example.

lHyricus make's mention of one Alcimut^ of the Ancient Family of catai. Tcft. ve- the Aviti, whofe Great Grandfather, Grandfather, Father, Uncle, Bro- "'' ^''''^" ther, were famous and eminent for Ecclefiaftical Dignities : His Fa- ther fucceeded Mammertus in the Bifhoprick o{Vienna,Alcimiis fucceed- cd his Father : Many excellent Verfes of his are extant unto this day.

Concerning the hrfi fin of Man, and the Grace of Chrift, you may read what he faith in thefe following Verfes :

^uod varii eveniunt humana in gente lahores^

Vnde hrevem capiunt mortalia tempora vitam :

Vel quod poJIuti vitiantur origine mores,

^uos aliena premunt prifcorum fata Parentttm :

Addatur quanquam nofirk de parte reatus,

§uodque etiam amijfo dudum peccatnr homre, 1

Adfcriham tibi, prime Fater : qui femine mortis

T^oliis fuccidu£ vitalia germina proli.

Et licet hoc totum Chrijiiu perfolverit in fe,

Conlraxit quantum percujfa in \\irpe propago :

Attamen Audoris vitio, qui debita lethi

Inftjtuit, morbofque fuii ac funera mijit,

Vivit ^eccati moribunda in came cicatrix.

And fpeaking unto Chrift, he addeth,

NuJiHm aliud^ prxter te tinum^ fohmen habenms-

E 2 Then

28 ^fte ccrtefiatttcaH^tao?^ Cent. 6.

f^ •-— — ■ -~ ' " '~ ■

Then fpeaking of Chrifl: the Mediator, whofe Figure was that Bow in the Heaven after the flood, and of the falvationof thofe that believe in him, he faith,

Nunc quifqm femel allatam fervare falutem Optiis, fignatum pottjts figno injpice Chrijhtm : Verm enim atque unui firmati foederis arcus Jlle deum atque homines inter ^ qui virgins cartte- Virgineo ex utero fumpta^ jam munere lucet Muhiplici in cjilo Variits, fed fitlgidus omni, Vitalem monftrat facrati pignorU arcum^ Hunc coram ajpicies^ quifquU baptifmate tincihf Ad cxlum liber cnlpis peremitibiis ibis.

And of the water flowing out of the Rock, he thus fpeaketlii.

Nee portentific£ c£pit me ehlivio virg£^ ^Ho figno fHmmiis percufik riipe facerdos\ Frotulit irriguos poculis fitientibus hauftttf. Infmuans Chrijiam flabilem confijiere petram^ Fercttjfus jaculo largas qui prsbmt und,is, Forrexitqge fuvs facro de vulnere pot urn-.

Ring Chilperic before his death called a Synod, made up of the Gal. Ceaj.™^]'. g. ^'C'^« Bifliops at FrennacHm upon this occaiion. The Earl Leudafles applycd himfelf to T^iculphm a Presbyter, a perverfe man, and rebel- lious againft Gregory Bifhop of T'ours, his own Bifhop ■•, thefe two re- ported to the King, as if Gregory had faid, that Qaeen Fredegund had carnally lain with Bertram Bifhop of Bordeaux •■, hereupon Bertram acr cufeth Gregory before the Synod, Chilperic being prefent, Gregory con- ftantly denieth it : But the King aflerteth, that he could convince Gre- gory of this calumny by witnefTes v yet firft of all he propoundeth it to be debated by the Synod, whether witneffes ought to be admitted a- gainft a Bifhop, or whether the bare affertion of the Bifhop only ought to be believed : The Synod pronounceth. That they could not fafely give credit to an inferiour perfon bearing witnefs againft a BiQiop ; Yet they require Gregory to fay Malfes at three Altars, and that he purge himfelf by Oath ; which being done by Gregory^ he was ab- folved.

But the Synod excommunicated his Accufer, and certified othey- Bifhops by Letters concerning the abfolution of Gregory,

In this Century Kupertus Biihop of the Franckj, with twelve other Divines came into the Country of the Boii , and there Kupertus, by preaching the Gofpel, converted ^heojanxhc Prince of the. Countrey,

with

Cent. ^. Of FRANCE. 29

with his Son, from Heathenifli Idolatry unto Chrift, and baptized them both at Tiatiibon :' Many others alfo were converted by him.

In this Age flouriflied German BiChop of Varis forementioned. when ofiand.Ecclcf:: he was an Abbot, in a dream he faw the Keys of tlie Gates of Taris LiKsr'*^' delivered to him j and demanding the caufe of it, he was anfwered, That he fliould, as Paftor, feed the Lords Flock belonging to that Church. Not long after the Bi(hop of Tar'n dying, he was Conftitu- ted Bifliop there by King C/ji/i:^e^fr^ With lingular zeal he provoked' the People to Godlinefs ■■, great was his gravity in preaching, and his words were weighty and powerful i he was liberal towards the poor, and redeemed many Captives. King Chilperk after his death (who' was wont to deride and contemn other Minitkrs) wrote this honour^ able Epitaph upon him, which I thought tit to fet down ;

Ecclefi£ fpecHlum, fatrix vigor ^ ara reorum :

E* pater ^ & medicos, pajior amorque gregvs. Germanus virtute, fide, corde, ore beatus.

Came tenet tumulum, mentis homre polnm.

The Hiftories of this Age make mention of one 'Etius Arch-Deacon of the Church of P.im, who when he underftood that Innocent Trx-- textatHS Billiopof Khothomagum (accufed of Treafon againft theKing^ was in danger to be condemned in a Synod at Paris, he with great bold- nefs entred into the Synod, and admonifhed the Bifliops and Afreflburs,- fo beware of having an hand in the condemning of an Innocent per- fon, he told them they ought rather to reprove King Cbilperic for his ■ fins.

In the Reign of this King many Jews were baptized in France, but' many of them returned to their vomit, and perfidioully renounced the Chriftian Religion.

In thofe dayes there were great inundations of waters, which did much hurt in many places, efpecially at Lions, where part of the walls of that City were thrown down. Horrible earthquakes made great concuffions in part of Fr^we, and overturned fome mountains toward' Spain, which overwhelmed many men and beafts. A fire falling from Heaven confumed the City of Orleans, and the ftreets of Bourdeaux^. together with the fruits of the earth. Other places were forely aftlidt-- ed with a grievous hail. There followed almoft through all France a malignant Cough and bloody Flux, which deftroyed very many men- and women j by which difeafe that wicked Auftigild'u, Wife of King. Guntbran periflied. The caufe of thefe evils was faid to be the diiTen* tions, civil wars, and horrible impieties of thofe three Brothers fore- mentioned, Sigebert, Cbilperic, and Cunt bran. Kings of France-, and' their .Counfcllours and Minifters, who provoked them to thofe impie- ties 5 >

30 Xf^tettltixMtnl^iftOV^ Cent.d.

ties ; who were puniftied of God for their flagitious pradices with moft grievous judgements.

Here I (hall make mention of the various fortune of theodoms Bi- (hop of Marfeilles in the Reign of Childeben, Vivamm (a moft wicked man) being Govetnour of that Province : This man hated Iheodorm, and laid divers fnares to entrap him. And when theodorus was going to King Lhildebert to implore his help, ht was feized on by Vivamim in the midft of the City of Marfeilles^ and injurioufly dealt with, and fo difmilTed. In his journey Jheodorm, by the inftigation of Divamm, is taken by Cunthran King of Orleans : then the Clergy of Marfeillet being no better than Vivamim^ being very joyful at the news of it, do immediately invade and plunder all thefubftance and treafures of the Church, and load T'heodom with divers calumnies. King Chilperie kt' teth Iheodoms at liberty, and fendeth him back with Gundulphus the ■Governour to MarfeiHes^ that there he might be reftored to his former dignity. At the coming of Gnndulphus and Theodoms^ Vivamius and the Clergy do fliut the gates, and drive them back reproachfully. But Gundnlfhus by Art getting into the City with his Soldiers, foon brake the power ofVhamms, and (harply rebuked him i yet Gundulphus being appeafed with deprecations and gifts, Vivamius having taken an oath that he would reftore Iheodoms to his Bifhoprick, and for the fu- ture be faithful to the King, he returned to his houfe.

But Vivamius defpifing his Oath, ngnifieth the reflitution of Jheo- dorus to King Gtmthran^ adding, That while Iheodorns held his Go- vernment , King Gunthran could never enjoy the City of MarfeiVes, Gunthran being angry fendeth Soldiers to take Iheodorus, who feizing upon the Bifhop unexped:edly, they carry him on horfeback bound with chains mod ignominioully to their King : But King Gunthran knowing the iqnocency oE 'theodorpts , without doing him any harm fulfers him to return to his charge, beftowing many gifts upon him. Upon this occafion great enmity grew between King Gunthran and Childebert : Many other calumnies, and grievous indignities did this innocent Bifhop fufFer from, other of his wicked and malicious ene- mies. About that time Mundericus, Epifcopus 'ternoderenfis^ being by force taken away from his Church, is thruft into a clofe and ftrong Tower built upon the bank of the River Khodanus^ and there was detained almoft two years, and moft grievoufly handled.

Under the Jurifdidiion of Gregory Bi(hop of Tours, there was a cer- tain Presbyter who-denied the Refurrediion of the Body. The fore- faid Gregory difputed againft him, which difputation you may read at large in the Magdebnrgenfian Hiftory. The difputation being ended, the Presbyter promifed, that he would afterward believe the Refurre- chuf ktg"*'^' '^^'^^ "^ ^'""^ ^^^^' '^'^^^ Gregory hath put out thefe works, Hij}. Iran- en^. 10. ' corKm 5 de Gloria Martyrum j de Gloria Confejjhrum ; de vilU qmrundam

Vatrum,

Cent. 7^ Of FRANCE. 31^

Tatrum. I find him by a certain Writer thus ftiled , Antiquif- ofiand. Cent. 6. fmuj & fideliffimpiT Francomm fcri-ptor. He wrote (harply againft the ^'^•4-"?''7« Jercs and Arians j yet there are divers errours found in his writings, which are mentioned by Ofiander. He was very intimate with Gregory the Great, BiQiop of Kome, flourifhing at that time.

Century VIL

THc Author of the Bonk, called the Catholic]^ T'raditiom, firfi; in French, and then Tranflated into Englifti, fearcheth the dif- ference of all Churches, and except in Rite's or Ceremonies hath not marked any great difference of the Abyjjines and Jacobites., from our Reformed Churches. And in his Preface, he faith , They pretend to have their name \_Jacobites~\ from Jacob the Old Patriarch, and the name \_Cophtes'] becaufe they are circumcifed ■■, and in ^. 5, he faith. They call themfelves Chriftians of the firft Converfion.

FhoCiis, a mean Captain in 'thracia, in a fedition of the people did kill his Soveraign Mauritins the Emperour, ufurped the Crown, and held the Empire feven years. He gave unto Pope 'Boniface the Title of Univerfal Bifhop, which Title Gregory his Predeceffour had difclaim- ed.

Gregory Atv\kA many new Rites, yet tied not others to follow them :; For when Attguftine (whom he fent into Britain) demanded of him, feeing the Faith is one, why are the cuftomes of the Church divers ?• and why is one fort of Mafs in Kome^ and another in France .? Gregory anfwereth , Thy Brotherhood knows the cuftome of the Roman Church, in which thou haft been nourifhed ■■> but it pleafeth me, whe- ther in the Church of Kome, or of Frame., or in any other, thou haft feen any thing that may pleafe the Almighty God, that thou diligent- ly follow it.

In France the two Sons of Childehert , 'teodorick^ and Iheodebert (their Grandmother Brunehault' vjoxV\t\^ that thing) reigned with per- petual difagreement among themfelves, and with Clotharitts, 'iheo- debert being overcome by his Brother in Battel, Anno 612. is flain by his own Soldiers at Colonia : "theodorick^ dieth the year following : Brunehaitlt being hated of the French., Anno 61^. Clotharius having obtained the wlujle Kingdom of the French., bound Brmtehault with a Cable rope, led her about with wild Horfcs, and tare her to pieces.

Thus

52

xf^t etcmmimi m^m cem. 7 .

Thus by God's judgement She died moft juftly, who had cruelly caufed many others to die. Thus died Brunehault, only commended in Hi- ' ftories to have built many Temples, and given great revenues for the ,Dc Serres Hift. maintenance thereof, whilft (he wallowed in her pleafures. St. Gre- gory hath fet down certain Letters of his to Brunehault^ wherein he commends her highly (though bafely flattering her) for her Piety and fingular Wifdom.

Clothar'm feeing himfelf King of fo great a Monarchy, after a lon^ and horrible confufion of inteftine wars, ufcd all diligence to pacific the Realm, He augmented the great Authority of the Maires of the. Palace, who controlled Kings, and in the end ufurped the Royalty, whereas they were before but Controllers of the King's Houfe, not of the Realm. He had one only Son, ivhofe name was Vagobert -. He committ.ed him to Arnulfh Bithop of Me/z, a learned and good man to be inftruded by him. •Petries Church- Agre^in vihohiA been Clerk to King 'theodorick^tntxc^. the A'bby Hift. in Cem. 7, Lexovien with all his wealth, but he foon became weary of the fuper- ftitious Rites, and left the Abby : Then went he to Aquileia^ (which then was not under the Romifh yoke) and from thence he wrote unto Ett[iafius Abbot of Lexovien againft the Rites of the Monks, exhort- ing him to reje<9: thofe Rites. Ettftafms and his Convent exclude him out of their Society. For removing this Controverfie was Aflembled the fourth Council at Matifcon in Burgundy ; there Agr.ejlin accufeth Euflafjus of many fuperftitious Ceremonies, contrary to Canonical In- ftitution, viz. That they did ufe to lick a Cockle marked with a Crofs, catai. Teft. ve- and ufed Hallowings when they went in or out of an houfe ; they ^KVit'Eudic. rnultiplied Prayers and Colleds in the Mafs ; they ridiculoufly cut off ■■^^^- their hair, and abftained from the company of men : but the Bifhops

condemned Agrefiin. Hence we fee, that fome perfons did not allow the :Rites creeping in, and the Inventers of them were but private per- fons, and the Abetters were pleafed with the leaft (hadow of Reafon.

Clotharius dieth in the year 631. having Governed 44. years from his cradle, and palTed happily through many perillous difficulties : He left his Son Vagobert for his Succeflbur.

Dagobert at his coming (o the Crown found great difficulties among his Subjedls, being bred up without Jufiice, under the long licentiouf- nefs of Civil Wars, and the lenity of Clothaire ■, whereto he provided wifely, reducing Juftice, fortifying it by his Authority, with fo good a moderation, as no man was offended at his feverity, neither durft any man attempt any thing againft the Laws, feeing both the reign and the rod in the hands of their Lawful Prince : To this good Order he pro- feffed to love holy things » and the better to confirm this Opinion in the minds of his Subjeds, he built and enriched many Temples, efpe- cialy that of St. Pjnif^ the which hath (ince been the Sepulchre of the French Kings. " This

Cent.;. Of FRANCE. 35

^ ■ . ^3»

This King was much ruled by the forenamcd Arnulph BiHiop of Metz, and by Pe/'/« Major of the King's Palace : This Fepin was \

Grandfather to that Vepht, who was the firft King of the fccond Race of the French Kings, and began to deal abfolutely in the Government Fabian's chron- of the Realm. Vagoben and all his Realm were in great honour and ^■"■'•5- tranquillity, till the death of Arnulph, after v/hich the King began to change his conditions to the hurt of his whole Realm.

There were at this time great numbers of ]ews in France, the which were hurtful to the Realm : Vagobert banillied them by a perpetual Edidi out of the Territories under his obedience. But this 2eal of Re- ligion was blemilhed with the foul blot of Adultery, which made him infamous both to his Subjedls and to Strangers. Amandiis Bifhop of Varis reproved him for his fault i but Vagobert impatient thereof ba- ni(hed him : Yet by the earned: perfwafion of Tepin, he yielded to Reafon, and having difmiffed many of his lewd followers, he calleth home Amandiis again from banifliment. Amandm was a man famous for Holinefs in thofe dayes. At that time AMJiregefil was Bifliop of Bi- tures. Lupus Bifhop of Sens, Bavo was converted from a robber by Amandiis. Columhan likewife being much vexed by Brunehault, lived . under Cloth arm, and his Scholar Gallm.

TrojeUm was a Martyr in Aqnitain, he was fucceffour to Serenus Bi- fiiop of Marfeilles.

Vagobert having Affembled the Eftates of France in great folemnity at Byguage, he made his Teftament, and Ordained, that he made his younger Son Clovis King of France, and his elder Son Sigebert King of Fabian's chro* Aifjirafia ot Lorain. His Teftament he had caufed before to be written ^^<^- in four fundry skins, endented to be read, and then fealed with cer- tain feals i whereof the one he willed to be kept in the Treafury of St. Venis\ the fecond in the Treafury of the City oi Lions ■■, the third • in the Treafury of Metz in Lorain ; and the fourth in the Kings Trea- fury. Vagobert died having Reigned fourteen years, and was buried in the forefaid Monaftery.

To maintain the invocation of Saints, the Papifts fay, that at that time the foul of Vagobert King of France was delivered out of the hands of the Devil by Vionyfm and Maurice Martyrs, and Martin the . Confeffor, whom Vagobert had Adored.

A Council was AlTembled in a Town of France, called in Latin Al- Symfon;schHrdii tijftdoritm, vulgarly Auxerre, in which were met a number of Abbots clni 7. *' and Presbyters, with one Bifhop, and three Deacons,

In this Council they condemned Sorcery, and the confulting with Sorcerers, in the firft, third, fourth and fifth Canons, whereby it ap- .peareth, that Sorcery hath been in frequent ufe '\n.France.

Many fuperftitious Conftitutions were fet down in this Synod con- cerning the number of Maffes i prohibition of tafting meat before Mafs,

F , concerning

^ %ljit CtCMiafUcal tlftO?^ Cenc. 7.

concerning burial j prohibition of Baptifm before the Fefiivity of Ea- iler, except upon neceffity, and fear of approaching death ; prohibiti- on of Matrin:ioni3l copulation with their own Wives to Presbyters and Deacons after their Bleffing and Gonfecratlon •, with pi'ohibition of Marriage alfo to the Widows ot the defuhd Presbyters, Deacons, or Sub deacons ■, Brothers and Sifters Children are forbidden to marry.

They Ordained, that it is not lawful for a Presbyter to fit in judge- ment, when any man is condemned to death.

That it is not lawful for a Clergy- man to cite another of the Cler- gy before a Secular Judge.

That it is not lawful for a Woman with a naked hand to touch the Holy Eucharift.

That it is not lawful to take refrefliment of meat with an excom- municate perfon.

If any of the Clergy receive an excommunicate perfon, without the knowledge of him who did excommunicate him, he {hall receive the like fentence, that is, he fliall be likewife excommunicated.

That it is not lawful for a Presbyter in Banquetting-time to fing or - dance.

Many Canons, to the number of 45, were concluded in this Coun- cil : But I fhall not trouble you with an heap of unprofitable, unne- ceflTary and fuperflitious Canons.

Another Council was afterwards called at Cahillort, vulgarly called Bhalon, which is a Town in Burgundy^ not far diftant from Matifcon. In this Town, by the Commandment of Clovis King of frame, con- vened 44 Bifbops : Gandericus Birtiop of Lmts was Prefident , and Landilemts Bifliop of Vienna. Theodorus Bifhop of Aries, becaufe he refufed to appear before the Council, was fufpended from his Office- until the next CouncH.

In this Synod the Canons of the Council of Nice had great allow- ance. It was forbidden that two Bifhops (hould be Ordained in one Town-, that no man (hould fell a Chriliian Servant to ajewi and that two Abbots (hould not be chofen to govern one Mona(lery.

That no labouring of the ground, or other fecular work fhall be done on the Lord's day ■■> with many other Canons coincident with the Canons of other Councils.

Cloi'ii the fecond married a Gentlewoman of Saxony, named Baudour, a Lady of good life, and much given to Devotion, as the Abby of Sheh les, St. Baudcur, with other Foundations do witnefs. Whilft (he bu- lled her fclf in her Devotion , and to build Monafteries , ClozU ad- dicted himfelf to fenfuality : Yet one memorable thing is recorded of him, In a time of great dearth, to telieve the poor people, he futfered •them to take the Silvei wherewith the Temple of St, iPenli had been covered by Vagebert,

qent. 7- l>f FRANCE, 35

Aimo faith, that two years after, a famous AfTembly of Bifliops be- ing had, he appointed the Monaftery of VionyfiuT^ which his Father had built nigh unto the City, to be free from the Jurifdidion of all Bifliops , Landerick^ the Chief Ruler of Fam agreeing to it. Cloiis died Anno 660. of his Reign 17. At the fame time Erchenivald Ma- jor of the Palace dying, Ebruin fucceedeth him : From which time the French Kings being let loofe into floth and riot, the Government of the AiFairs of State came to the Majors of the Palace ; The Kings being contented only with the Nameor Title, contained themfelves in their Palace, neither came they but once every year Quiz, in the Ka- ]en<]s of May) into open view of the people.

ClothariuT^ the eldeft Son of Chm fucceeded his Father, but hav- ing Reigned four years he died. Anno 66^.

•Tbeodorick^ his Brother for a ftiort fpace was Chief ", but the French being weary of this man, fliut up Iheodorick^ in a Monaftery , being (haven at St, TJenvs in Taris^ and Ehrnin at Luxovien : Then Ch.'lder ricj^ was made King, who after three years Reign was flain by BodiHe a Noble French man, whom he had commanded, baing bound to the ftump of a tree, to be whipped with rods. His Queen alfo being great with Child, was killed by the fame BodiHe.

Ebmin fecretly breaking out of the Monaftery, again invadeth the Petav.Hifts Lieutenantfhip of the Palace, and killeth Leudefms the Son of Erchett' ^'^' ^' tvald ]>A2i]0i of the Palace, and Leodegar C\\\hiK\i\tt of AugMfiodunnm, whom after he had been tortured with divers torments, and in an Aflembly of Bifkops fpoiled of his Dignity, he commanded to be fmit- ten with a fword.

In thofe times there were many in France flouri(hing in Holinefs, among whom Eligius Bifliop of Noviomum, and Andoemis Bifliop of Koven are mentioned. Eligius died in the feventieth year of his Age. Audoenus dkd being ninety years old, in the 44yearof his Biflioprick. Wvate perfons alfo graced France with an cxadt holinefs of Life, r?2j, Furfeus, Foihms,Vlta»^ who having come out of 7«/««^ built Mo- nafteries in France.

."Ihierri the firft is now made King o( France^ a King in fliew, who is a fpe(9:ator of divers Tragedies. Ihierri dieth having reigned i <? years.

Ebruin in the third year after the death of Leodegar was thruft tho- row by Hermenfrid •■, then Tepin governeth the Kingdom.

Clovis the third, the eldeft Son of 'thierri reigned four years, and dieth without Children : His Brother Childebert the fecond fucceed- eth him.

Fa CENT. VIII.

9^ lEtie Cccleftafiicai i^iGo:^ Cem.s.

Century VIII.

C

Hildebert Reigned 17 years, and died ^«»» 711. having left

two Sons, VagobemnA' Cloth aire. Fepin made great (hew of love to Religion, and for thiscaufe makes war againll; Kobod Duke of Frifia, a Pagan, whom he conquer- ed, and forced to receive the Chriftian Religion, with all his Subjedls. He reftored Lambert Bifhop of Irai^t to his Dignity, being expelled by Ebruin, and confined unto a Monaftery •, and one of his chiefeft cares was, to advance them that had charge over the Church : He commanded abfolutely, being armed with the Authority of his Sove- raign, neither was there any appeal from him to the King.

Yet Fet?i}t^ befides his Lawful Wife called FleSrude^ held a woman name^ Alpaid, (m the which the forenamed Lambert reproved him. Of this Alpaid he had a Son whom he named Charles ; which Charles was after firnamed Martel^ and was very profitable to the Realm of France. Alpaid caufed Bifhop Lambert to be llain by her Brother Po- don^ whofoon after felt the punifliment of this blood •, for being dif- eafed with Worms, not able to endure his own ftench, he caft himfelf headlong into the River Mf«ze.

PepiM upon his death- bed Ordained Charles his Baftard to fucceed him in the Government of the Realm. But TleVmide after the death of Fepin caufeth Charles to be imprifoned at Colen^ and advanceth 'thi- hauld to the Government, althougli in effed She under his Name go- verned all the Aifairs of State. D<2goi6■r^ dying at this time, tht Trench took a Prince of the blood, called Vaniel. out of a Cloyfter ; Him they called King, under the Name fef C^i/pfnc the fecond 5 and they gi* him a Noble Man of frame, called Rainfroy to be his Major, who Be SeM€5 hift. having lea vied an Army, defeated Ihibauld, and his Grandmother Fle- drude in battel. But Charles Mattel getting out of prifon alGfteth Fie- Urude^ gathereth Forces, and overcometh the new King and Rain- frgy..

Charles is now received and infialled Major of frame, and having affurcd himfelf of the Children of King Vagohert^ he caufed them to be gently brought up in a Monaftery.

At Colen he feizeth on FleSrude and Ihihauld, and inflidfc no o» ther punifliment upon them, but enjoyns them to live qiaet, and to attempt nothing without his liking. He pardons Kaififroy, and gives him the Government oi An'jou. He degradcth C/^i/pfric, being ad- vanced againft Law, and caufeth the eldeft Son of Vagoben to be cho"

fen

Cent. 8. Of FRANCE.

37

fen King, named Chilperk the third. Chilperic dies having reigned five years, and in his place his Brother 7hiem was crowned King : He reigned ten years, and dying left his Son Cbilderick^ the laft King of this firfl: race of the Merovingiens.

Charles Martel from Major of the Palace, is chofen Duke or Prince of the French.

Endo, Prince of the Gafcoigns, to whom Kainfroy joyned himfelf, called in the Saracens with their King Abdiram out of Spain, Anno 725. whom C^ar/ej met, and killed them with an univerfal llaught^r; there were flain in one day three hundred feventy and five thoufand,and of the French fifteen hundred, among which were many of the Nobi- lity and men of Note. And having recovered 'Burgundy zr]d Lions, in the year following Enda dying, he invaded Aquitain, and overtbrev/ th^ Saracens in great numbers invading Frame in the year 731, and regained Avignon taken by them, and forceth them to abandon Narbon^ and tlie whole Country to his mercy. At that time divers devout Monks lived in Frame, viz. Vandegrifil of Fontinel, a builder of Mo- , naileries, of whom Sigebert makes mention : Vrfmar oi Lobia, a Founder of a Monaftery : Bertine, Abbot of Sithiena, and holy iEgi- dim.

Childeric wzs King in fhew nine years, five under the Authority of Anno 744, Pe>*« Charles Martel, and four under Fepijt the Son of Charles, who difpof- '? thetimeof

r ir 1 \.- King Childerie,

leiled nim. called a Councir

Charles Martel having governed the Kingdom five and twenty years "/'''^""' ., .

Ti T-riir r^ ^ t T, ■ ^-7 1 ^ /-^.7 where he aftifted

dieth : He had tour Sons, Larloman, repin, Giles and Grypbo : Utles in perfon, toge.

was made Bifhop o( Rhotomagum, and left his Government aifigned "Jeateftp'etrs f

him by his Father unto Carloman and fefin, and they two divide the theLand. ,

Kingdom, and Govern each one his own part under the Title of their

Father, as is apparent by the firfi words of the Council under Ci?r/r7-

man : In the Name of our Lord Jefus Chriji, I Carloman, Duke and

Trince of the French, in the year from the incarnation of Chriji 742. on

the I I'h of the Kalends of March, by the advice of the fervants of GocT^

and of my Nobes , I have Afjembled the Bijhops in my Kingdom, &cc.

Within feven years after this Synod, he laid afide his Princely Autho-.

rity, faith Bfr<i>-w»/«e, and cntred into a Cloyfler, becomes a Monk, and

fd dieih at Vienna, and then all the Authority was in Fepin alone.

Crypho had rebelled againfi; Carloman, but at lall Fepin took him itv

Italy, and cav'fed him to be beheaded. Anno J'^^.-Fepin having the

Government alone aimed at an higher Title..

Blondus and otliors, who have written the Adts of the French, fay, ^'?"'^^''"^' '^■ that the Nobility and Commonalty of that Nation, duly, confidcring . the worthinefs ot Fepin, and fottiflinefs oi Childeric, confulted with Zachary BlQiop of F-ome , whether they (hould tolerate fo foolifli a King any longer, and defraud Fepin oi his deferved Princely honour.

And.

a^ %ljt ecMMit^n^xG^Ol^ Cent.8.

And when the Pope anfwered, That he %vas moft worthy to be a King, Hift'^cews''" ^'^°'^o"^'^ beft difchaige the Office of a King, the French, with the publick confent cf the whole Nation, did pronounce Fepin for thek King, and Childerir\ was fnaven, and made a Monkr Then the Pope wrote unto Boniface Bi!liop of Meyttz to Anoint Yepin King oiFrance^ and declare all his Sub)t(3:s free from their Oath of Allegiance unto their lazy Soveraign. The Pope was chiefly moved hereunto, with l3°!"vems, *' hope to draw help from Pf/;i« againlt the Lombards, his mortal ene- mies. Pepin, Anno 755. called ah-noll all the Gallican BiQiops to meet at tlie Council of Vernes the Palace.

About this time Aponius a French man wrote feveral Books. In the Council called by Carloman (of which I hinted before) he beginneth thus, I Carloman, ^c.. have AlTembled the Bilhops which are in my Kingdom, with the Priefts into a Council and Synod, Thefe are, Boniface Arcb-Bilhop of Mentz^ Bunhard of Wirtzburg^ Kegin- frid, Guntharius, with the reft of the Billiops and their Priefts : That they fliould give me Counfel how th~e Law of God, and Religion of the Church may be reftored, which in the dayes of former Princes hath< been fhattered and fallen ■■, and how Chriilian . People may attain the falvation of their fouls, and not perifli, being deceived by falfe Priefts : And by the advice of my Prierts and Nobles, We have Ordained Bi- fhops through Cities, and fer over them the Arch-Biihop Boniface, who is the Legate of St. Teter, And we have Ordained that Synods fhould Concil. Tom. 2. ^^ Called every year, that in our prefence'the Decrees of Canons, Rites Edit. Crab. and Laws of the Church m.ay be reftored. And we reftore unto the Churches the Monies that have been taken from them. We have alfo difcharged all the Servants of God from hunting and yvandring in woods with EKjgs, and that they have no Hawks nor Faulcons. We have alfo- Decreed according to the Holy Canons, That each Presbyter dwelling in a PariHi be fubjed unto the Bifhop where he dwelleth j and that alwayes in Lent he give an account of his Miniftry, whether of Baptifm, or Catholick Faith, and prayers and order of Mafles. Then he forbiddeth facrihce to the dead, and other profane Rites of the Hea- then. He appointeth punifliments againft the Fornications and Adul- teries of Monks. It was alfo decreed, that Monks and Nuns (hould live within their Abbies and Cloyfters, according to the Rule of their Father Benedict.

' Pope Stephen confirmed Tepin and his Heirs for Kings of Trance^ and of him asked aid to withftand the Power of Jiftulphus then King cf Lombardy, who then had exafted Tribute from certain Lands be- longing to the Bifhop oiKome, and becaufe it was refufed, took up Arms. ThePope wrote a Letter, direded to the Kings of Frii/ice, and to all Biftiops, Abbots, Priefts and Monks,^nd to the Glorious Dukes and Counts, and unto the whole Army of the Kingdom of France :

Stephen,

Cent. 8. Of FRANCE. 3P^

Stephen, Pope^ and all the Biflnp^ Friejis and Deacons, Dukgs, Counts^ People and Army vf the Komans^ all being in angmfl}, with how doleful and bitter grief we are encompajfed on every fide , with how great per- plexity and doubtfulneji we are dtfireffed, and how many tears our eyes do fhed^ becanfe of the continual troubles tvhich are ititdtiplyed upon tis, we thinks that the fmaHejl part of all 'the elements do declare : for who be- holding oar tribulations will not mourn ? tvho hearing of our calamities ■»iUnot lament ? A$iBion is on every fide ^ andwe h^tow not what to do 1 0 ye Chrijiians ! behold the dayes of trouble^ the dayes of mourning and hitternef are come upon us > It is come (of tve feared) from the Lombards, for we are afflicted^ dijhefj'ed^ and befieged on every fide by their mojl un- godly King Aiftulph, and that Nation : Therefore with the Traphet^ w^ pray the Lord^ f'^yj'^g-, H^^p Wf 0 God of our Salvation , and for the ho- notir of thy Name deliver us, &cc. And now becaufe Aiftulphus with an Army hath pitched his 'tents, and encamped againji us, and hath often faid tinto us. Open unto me the Gate of Salaria, that I may enter into your City, and give me your High Prieji, and I will fiiew Clemency untoyou : If not, beware, leji when I have battered down your walls, I kiU you al- together with thefword ; and let me fee, who can deliver you out of mine hand : Wherefore our Beloved, I befeech you, and C,is if I were prefent) I adjure you by the myfteries before the true and living God, and before ' St. Peter the Prince of the Apojiles, that with great jpeedyou help us, lefl we perijh ■, feeing under God we have committed all our livfs info yottr hands, forfake us not. , ' •

After this the Pope fent another Letter in the Name of St. Peter, ^ tetter Crit Irt ■ as if it had been written froni Heaven, which beginneth thlis : PeteY the name of St. called an Apoftle, Grace, Peace, and Power, to deliver the Holy Church '^ "* of God, and the People of Kome committed to me from the hands of their enemies, be fully given from the Lord God unto you moft ex- cellent men Pepin, &c. and to the moft holy Bithops, Abbots, Prcsby^ ters, and all Religious Monks , &c. I Peter, the Apojile of God, rvbo have yon my adopted Children, to deliver from the enemies hand thU Ko- man City, and the people committed of Cod unto me , provoking all your Love, do exhort, andprotefling do admonijh you to deliver the Church of God, which by Divine Power is commended to me, feeing they fujfer very ■ great ajfli^ions aitd opprejfion by the mofl wicked Nation of the Lombards. thinks not ptherwife, but certainly believe it, that I riiy fhlf am fianding . alive in the flefh before you; and our Lady, the Mother ef God, the Vir- gin MUry , with ut, doth adjure you wiilo the greatefi Obligations , and Protefieth, Admoniflieth, and Comniandeth, &c. Behold, herewith what ■ fooleries and impieties they would bewitch the world.

But Pepin did not kavy an Army until Pope Steph^ came into France : And when he took his journey, he commended himfclf to St. Mary, and his flock unto St. Peter ; Fff/« hearing of his coming,

fenfit

40 5n!)e cccleftafticai i^tftoi^ Cent.s.

fent his Son Charles an hundred miles to meet him, and when he came within three leagues of Carifiac, Tepht went forth unto him, and re- turned on foot, and the Pope on horfeback : Then Pe/'i« was crown- cd again by the Pope for the greater pomp. Tepin went into Italy^ and forceth Aifiulph to give hoftages to render unto the Pope all due Right ; But after the return of Tepin into Francf, Jijhilph with new Forces doth more mifchief to Konte. Then Pope Stephen wrote ano- ther Supplication to Tepin^ who made no delay, but forceth Aiftulph to perform the former conditions, and to give unto the Pope the ex- archate oi Kavenna. Within a year Aijlulph dieth, then a divifion arifeth between Kachk and Vefiderim for the Kingdom. Then 5"*^- phen wrote his fourth Epifrle unto fepiit^ giving him thanks for his aid, wifliing many bleflings unto him, and (hewing, that Aijiulph was ftricken by the hand of God, and drowned in the bottom of Hell, and that by the hands of Veter Prince of the Apoftles, and by thy moft powerful arm [fpcaking unto Tepin~\ Def-Jeriui^ a moft mild man, was Ordained King of the Lombards, who had fworn to reftore unto St. Teter the Cities, Faventia, Infiibres and Ferrara, with all their Terri- tories ; and alfo Aufimo, Ancona, Humana^ Bona^ with all their Terri- tories j and he had fworn to keep peace with the Church of St. Feter^ and to be Loyal unto the Crown of France, and entreated Pepin to ap- prove the Coronation of Vefiderius upon thefe conditions. Henceforth the Pope began to lift up his head, and having large Territories given unto him, will not reft until he be Monarch of the world. When Stephen had peace he began to repair the Churches which Aiflttlph had ^:aHfed to be thrown down, and died in the fixth year of his Pa- pacy. Fabian's chroni. Then Gaifer Duke of Guienne impofed a Tribute upon the Lands of the Clergy in his Dukedom without their confenti wherefore the Bi- (hops for a redrefs complained unto King Pe'/'i« thereof; Pe/)/« repro- ved the Duke for it : but the Dukq not regarding the Kings Admoni- tion, Fepin (oon after with an Armiy entred the Territory of Guienne^ wafting and fpoiling the Countrey. Hereupon the Duke hearkened to him, and bound himfelf to reftore unto the Clergy what he had ex- torted from them. But the King being returned into France, the Duke gathering Forces together, fent them to the City of Chalours in But' gundy, and did much hurt to that Town and Countrey.

The King being forely difcontented at it, returned with his People into Guien, and therein beat down many ftrong holds and Caftles, and took or won Burbon, Cancarvile and Cleremont, and wafted the Coun- try with fire and fword till he came to" Limoges. The winter coming on , the King having ftrengthened the forefaid Cities , Towns and ftrong H'Old^that he had won, and then rode to a place called Caiss, there kept his Chriftmafs and Eafter. In the next Spring he re-entred the

forefaid

Cent. 8. Of FRANCE. 41

— . ■■ ■ — ■*> -

forefaid putchy, and jook by force the Cities oi Bourges and 7ourr.

The People of that Countrcy confidering the obftinacy of thdr Duke, murthered thefaid Duke, and after yielded themfelves and their Country to the King, with all fuch Treafure and Jewels as to the faid Duke belonged i whereof King Pepin offered a great part unto St. Ve- m. Then this vidorious Prince was vexed with grievous ficknefs ; wherefore in all haft hefped him to St. Martin's, where he made cer- tain Prayers and Oblations : And from thence (his ficknefs increafing) he was conveyed unto Fam, where he fhortly after died, when he had reigned as King there by the fpace of eighteen years.

After the death of Tepin the Eftates of France Affemble, and by their confents Charles and Carloman his Sons -divide the Realm between them by equal portions. Charles was Crowned at IVormes, Carloman at Soiffbns : But by the death of Carloman the whole Realm came to Charles within three years after the death of his Father.

Charles was endued with Angular gifts both of body and mir.d ■■> he had the inftrudions of a virtuous Converfation, and was bred up in Learning and Arms : He was Religious, and reverenced the Churches and Paitors i he was a great Juftitiary, a reliever of the poor, and kept his faith both to friend and foe , he was a lover of Learning and learned men .: Taul of Vifa inftxad^-ed him in the Greek and Latin Tongues, and Aimon in Philof(^phy and the Matheraatickes ; He de- lighted in Poetry, but efpecialjy in Kiftory, in which he was well read. . The Umvetfity of Paris built (or enriched ) by him, doth witnefs the love and honour he bare to learning.' A valiant man, none command- ed with more obedience, nor performed any thing with greater for- tune, nor ufed his Vidories with rriore mildnefs and judgement. Ne- ver did Kin^ reign with more Authority, nor was more reverently ( obeyed than Charlemagne.

About the Year 786 Charles King of Frame made a league with Archam King oi Scots : Archaiw fent unto him Albinus, or Akuinm, John Melrofe (fo named from the Abby Melrofe) Claudius, Clemens and Anthony, all very devout and learned men.

John Melrofe became Abbot of the Augujiinians at "ticino, and Clapt- Bale in <:<«>. 14. dim was Biftiop of Attxerre ; They wrote feveral works, as John Bale (heweth.

Alcuinus had good knowledge of the Latin and Greek Languages : Bibiioth. deU Charles calleth him his Mafier, in an Epilile written unto him, Ve Se- B'-enc, :»*. 3- ptuagef. & Sexagef. He hath many excellent things in divers of his Books and Writings.

Vefiderius began to make War firft againft the City of Ravenna, and the Marches thereof, and took the Cities of Ferrara, Faventia, and other Towns. The Pope fent to Charles the Great for aid, who came into Italy with great Forces : Vefideriiis fled to Pavia, and was thero

G belieged ;

42

%\^t cccleftafllcai ^iftot^

Cent. S.

bcfieged : Charles leaving an Unkk of his at the fiege of Favia^ went sgainlt Verona, which he took without any great difficulty : Fronn thence he went to 'Kome to kifs the Pope's Foot, and to held the Feaft of Eafter, where he was received with great Solemnity.

After this his coming thither, he confirmed to the Church and Popes of Fcewf, the Donation which his Jather Tepin had made of Kavenna. and other Lands, and made another of many -other places, am.ong which is reckoned the Ille of Corfica, and all the Coaft of Cenoiia, with the Cities of Farma, Ancotia, Z'rhm, and many other Towns, befides Rome and the Territories thereof, which the Popes had already in pof- fellion •, fo as to the Emperours remained only that part o( Italy, which is part of Calabria, and of Fuglia, and a great part of that which now- is the Kingdom of Naples

Charles having been only eight dayes in Kome, returned againft Ve-^ fiderim, who after fix moneths befieging in Favia, yielded upon corr.po- fition, and Charles carried him with him, and bani(hed both him and his Sons into a certain Illand, and then took Milan, and all the other Cities in Lombardy, which is the Ancient Gallia Cifalpina, where he placed French men for Dukes and Governours : So Italy remained in; his Obedience, excepting thofe Lands and Provinces which were lef^ to the Church of Kome : fo ended the Kingdom of the Lombards^ which had continued 204 years in Ttnly.

In the Year 787, Charles being departed from Kome to cojpe into France, as foon as he was arrived at Wormes (faith KhegnoJ he called a Synod, and.declared the Reafoiis of his journey to the Clergy and Princes of his Realm.

We find the French Synods in thofe dayes oftentimes to have con- fided both of Lay-men and Clergy-men, joyntly to determine of mat- ters, as well Ecclefiaftical as Civil.

Charles the Great did the like in the Council of Franck^ford, where he difcourfed points of Faith, and made them deliver their Opinions upon fuch as himfelf propofed. The Canons and Decrees alfo run in his Name, the Emperour (faith he) hath Ordained with the confent of the Synod, &c.

In the Year 794 Charles Affembled this Council at Franckford, partly in regard of theHeretick Fxlix, who called Chrift, "The Adoptive Son of God in humane nature, and was condemned in a Council Affem- - bled at Katisbon. But he was returned to his vomit again , and there* fore was now again condemned as a notable Heretick in the Coun- cil of Franckford ■■> partly alfo in refpedt of the great contention which _ arofe everywhere concerning the wcrfhipping of Images, difallowed in the Council of Conftantinople, and allowed in the fecond Council of INice.

Not only the Bifnops of frame, but alfo of Germany and Lomhardy.

(as

'Rhegno. Sub. Annttm 787.

TFide A£ta Con- cp'. Francf. ia libello facro. Tim. 5. Comil.

Cent. 8. Of FRANCE. 43

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Cas Provinces fubjed: to the King of France) were prefent at this Coun- cil* The Pope fent his Ambaffadors, T'heopbilaB and Stepbanus to the Council, King Charles himfelf alfo was prefent thereat.

Alcuinm wrote againft the HereGe of Fxlix, and Elifandrw Bifhop Aicuin. contr, of "jtoledo^ and in his fccond Book faith, Shew us any Nation, Town ^'^^"^' ' '^* or Church, either Roman or ConftaHtimfolitan, or oijerufahm (which was Dedicated by the prefence of the Lord himfelf) or of Anthcb^ where firft the Name of Chriftianity is read to have been, or of Alex- andria^ or of any other Church, either in italy, or Germany^ or in France^ or in Aqttitain, or in Britain, which agreeth with you in your aflertiop. Here he acknowledgeth all thefe to be true Churches at that time, and diftinguifheth them one from another.

Fa://jc continued jphis errour till Alamiur wxott againft him, and then he became Zealous of the Truth, and wrote a Recantation unto the Presbyters and Deacons of his Church, That as he had been a fcandal unto them, ib by his means they may be brought again from Errour unto the Truth, as he himfelf writeth ; And this Recantatir on is printed among the Works oi Alctiinm. But Elipant Arch-Bi(hop of Toledo, having read the feven Books of Alcuinus, wrote very fbarp- ly for maintaining the fame Errour.

K. Hoveden writeth, that Charles the Great fent over into England R.HoveJenia the Adts of a Synod fent him from Con^antinople, for the Adoration of '°'""""'"'^"^** Images : Againft this Adoration (faith hej Alcninufwiole an Epiftle well-grounded on Divine Scriptures, and carried it witli fome Syno- dical Ads in the names of the Englijh Princes and Bifliops to the King of France,

All Italy being now in peace under the protedion of King Charles, two Cardinal Priefts of great account, called Vafcal and Capulm, con- fpired againft Pope Leo, who with their complices apprehended him on a day as he was going in Proceffion : Some faf they put out his eyes, and cut out his tongue, committing him prifoner to the Mona- ftery of St. Erafmw, publi[liing abroad, that they did it for the crimes by him committed, and the Errours by him maintained. Some Au- thors affirm, that he was miraculoufly reftored to his fight and fpeech. Hereupon King Charles cometh to Home , accompanied with many great Dukes, and other Princes, his Subjeds : To him came out of Ifitly, and from many other parts, many Bifhops and Prelates. After eight dayes abode there, he commanded all the Princes and Prelates which then were in the City to be AfTembled ; and the Pope himfelt, and all the reft being together, there were fome that accufed the Pope to the Emperour. Then the Emperour openly asked every mans opi- nion concerning thofe accufations •, all anfwered, That no man ought to judge the Head of the Church : which the King obfcrving, he ask- ed no more quefiions,

G 2 The

44 ®je CCrteftaHlcal ^i&OlV Gene. 8-.

The next day all being Re-aflembled, the Pope went up into the Bulpit, and taking z Book of the Holy Evangelifts in his hands, laid with a loud voice, That he fwareby God, and thofe Holy Evangelifts-, That all that which his Adverfaries had laid to his charge, was falfe and untrue", and that he had neither committed, nor thought any fuch matter as they objeded ■■, but that they had of malice and envy flan- dered him ; and that he therefore publickly made this Proteftation, and confirmed it by his Oath, feeing that to them all the manner of his Life and Government was well known.

His Oath was allowed, and himfelf commended, and the King com- manded his Accufeis, Fafcal diud Cafulus to be fought out, an4 put to death : But the Pope was content their lives ihould be (pared, fo as they might be committed to prifon, and thence j|| condemned to per- petual exile.

Eight dayes after, the Pope having confidered, firft, how much the Greek Emperours envied his Greatnefs, together with the fmall afFe- <9:ion they bare to the worQiipping of Images, and other points, where» in tney were oppofite to the Church of Kome ■■, and then how requi- lite it was to have an Emperour which might maintain the Provinces of Italy in peace, which were often dillurbed i but chiefly to lliew himfelf grateful for the benefits, which he and the Church of Eome had received from him and the Houfe of France : But above all, for ac- cepting his Proteftation in his own defence, for a proof of his Inte- grity, he refolved to make Charles the Great Emperour, and to Tran- flate the Head of the Empire into the Weft. And having ruminated hereupon, againft the day of the Nativity of Chrift, he commanded all the Priefts, Cardinals, and all the other Prelates to come to a Mafs, whither Charles was alfo invited, and came •, together with all the o- ther Princes i and fo about the midii of the Mafs, the Pope then fay- ing it, he turned about from the Altar to the People, and with a loud voice faid. That he did there Eleft, Create and publilh Charles the • Great, the moft Mighty and VidoriousKingof Jt^/y, o^ the Germanf^ and oi" the frenchmen^ Emperour and ever Aagttflm. which being- done, he fet the Imperial Crown upon his head, and all thofe which were prefent confented thereunto, with acclamations and applaufesj faying, 'to the moji Gojly^ ever Auguftus, Great and maji ViSorious Em-i ferour Charles, God grant long life and vidory.

This acclamation being ended, the Pope anointed him, and ther> and tkere alfo anointed and entituled his Son Pf^/«(with the good liking and confent of his Father) King of Italy, Which Coronations were penformed with great Feaftings and Solemnity, upon Chriftmafs day, Anna 800.

So Charles remafced Emperous, and the Empire was tsanfported, from the Grff% to the Germaraj

Pope.;

Cent. p. of FRANCE. 45

Pope Adrian with his whole Synod (which confified of one hun- dred fifty three Bifhops, Abbots, and Religious perfons) had given be- fbre the right and power of Eleding the Pope unto Charles the Great, and further Ordained, That the Arch-Bi(hops and Bifhops of all the Provinces fhould receive their inveftiture from him, in fuch fort as no Bifhop can be Confecrated by any man, unlefs he be approved and invefted by the King, pronouncing an ^««*^f »w againft fuch as fhall do otherwife.

Century IX.

CUarles having left his Son Tepn in Italy ^ vifiteth Germany, fab- dueth the Saxons, and reduceth them to the Chriftian Faith. He had Wars with them for the fpace of thirty years j he of- tentimes fubducd them, and gave them their Liberty upon condition they would embrace the Chriftian Religion : but on every occafion their Duke ^f^e^'Wcaft off both Loyalty and Chriflianity. At feveral times when Charles had obtained a Vidory he ereded a new Bifliop- crantz.xnsaxiti, • lick : He founded feven Epifcopal Cities in that Province, giving ^'''.*•<^'»^s^ them Princely Power, becaufe he judged that thofe fierce people might be tamed by Religion rather than by Arms. Thefe were Bremen, Ver- da, Minda, Tadeburn, Ofnahurg, Hildefhein, Halberjiadt. The Hiftorian faith. Although Charles gave unto the Bifliops power of Governingi yet the Nobles did not altogether lofe their Power :- whence it came to pafs, that when the War was ended, the Secular Power beyond the Vefer, was acknowledged by them all to belong unto him. At laftj becaufe the Saxons had fo often revolted, he removed ten thoufand of them, with their Wives and Children into Brabant and Flanders, and fent and fettled fome French in that Province, and left his Son Charles there with an Army to keep them in obedience.

Charles underfiood that the Latin Tranflation of the Bible was much- Baron AnnaJ. ' • corrupted through the negligence of Writers, and gave it in charge ^'^■9.iiMf-' unto Alcuinui to amend the Tranflation > who did Coireil both the Old and New Teftameut, as Baronius teftifieth.

AlcHinm was Governour of the Monaftery of St. Martin at 'tours i • yet was he neither a Monk, nor a Prieft, but contented himfelf with- the Order of a Deacon : He died on Whitfunday, Anno 804.

Tepin King of Italy and Charles^ two Sons of Charles the Great diei tefore him, -When-

4^ %i)e cccleftafticalljtilo^^ Cent.s>.

when Charles the Emperour was now Aged, and faw many abufes in the Church, he endeavoured by all .means poffible to procure Refoi;- mation of the lewd manners of Churchmen : therefore he appointed Symran'sChurch- at one time, (namely in the year 813.) five National Councils, to be Hift^cwt.9. Convened in divers places for the Reformation of the Clergy and Peo- ple : One was Convened at Mentz, a fecond at Khcmes^ the third at iours, the fourtli at Cabillon or Chalon, and the fifth at Aries. In all thefe Councils no oppofition was made to the Council of FranJ^ford ; _ neither was the adoration of Images avowed in any of the Councils; So available is the Authority of a Prince for fupprelling of falfe Do- <3:rine and Herelie.

In the Council of Mentz were Affembled thirty Bi(hops, twenty five' Abbots, with a great number of Priefts, Monks and Judges. After . three dayes abftinence and falHng, joyned with Litanies, publick pray- ers, and imploring Gods aifittance, they divided themfelves into three Companies.

In the firft were the Bifhops with fome Scribes, reading the Hiftory of the Gofpel, and the EpilHes, and Afts of the Apoftles , together with the Canons and Works of the Ancients, and the Paftoral Book oi Gregory, to the end, that by the Precepts contained in thofe Books, the enormity of mens lives might be corredied.

In the fecond Company were Abbots and Monks, reading the Rules of St. BenediS, for the reformation of the lives of Monks.

In the third Company were Lords and Judges, pondering the caufes of all men, who came to complain that wrong was done unto them. The firft, fecond and third Canons of this Council , entreat con- cerning Faith, Hope and Charity.

The fourth concerning the Sacraments to be' miniftred, chiefly at Eafler and Whitfunday, &c.

The fifth, that unity and concord fhall be kept in the Church, be- caufe we have one common Father in Heaven, one Mother, vis. the Church en Earth, one Faith, one Baptifm, and one Celeftial inheri- tance prepared for us, &c.

The fixth and feventh Canons entreat of Orphanes and poor Peo- ple, whofe weaknefs is to be fupported.

The eighth Canon recommendeth unity to be kept betwixt men in fpiritual Offices, and Civil Judges.

The ninth and tenth Canons prefcribe to the Clergy Precepts of a modeft and fober life, with abftinence from the delicate pleafures of the world, from theatrical fpedacles, from pomps and unhoneft ban- quets : nfury, Avarice and Ambition, Deceit and Conjurations, and many other fins wefe alfo reftrained.

I pafs by the Precepts concerning the behaviour of Monks and Nuns, and the febrick of their dwelling places.

In

Cent. p. Of FRANCE.

In the 32 Canon, the difference between Kfrdy^x. and '<^o,twAoj4^(ji$ is fet down.

In the j^'ii, the great Litany, or Rogations to be obferved three dayesby all Chriftians, with fafting, fack- cloth, alhes^ walking bare- footed, and all kind of humble carriage.

In the 34, 55, and 3^, piiblick fallings, and keeping of feftival dayes is commanded.

In the 37, That the Sabbath-day be kept holy, that in it no Mer- chants wares be fold, and no criminal caufe be judged.

In 38 and 3^, That Tithes be prccifely paid, and menfteeing to. Churches for fafeguard, are not to be violently drawn out from thence.

In the 40, In Churches and the porches thereof, let no fecular judge- ment be exercifed.

In the 41, That no Ancient Church be fpoiled of Tithes andPof- feffions for the building of new Oratories.

In the 42 concerning Church-rents beftowed for reparation and up- holding of Churches.

In 44, That no Prieft fay Mafs himfelf alone, for if he have none but himfelf, how can he fay, Vominus vobifcHm^ or, furfum corda, ox other fuch paffages ? All frequent offering of the facrifice of the Mafs, and prefenting of the Paxe is recommended to Chriftian people.

In 45, That every perfon be acquainted with the Creed, and the Lord's Prayer j and that every one (at leaft) learn them in their own vulgar language.

In 4<S, That they who eontinue in drunkennefs be excommunica- ted.

In 47, That Godfathers (hall fee that their fpiritual Children be brought up in the true Faith.

In 48, That lafcivious fongs be not fung in Churches.

In 4p, The cohabitation with Women is forbidden to all the Clesv*

gy-

In 50, That all Bifhops, Abbots and Church-men, have fuch Agents in their affairs, who are men that fear God, and hate all unrighteous- dealing.

In 51, That the dead bodies of the Saints be not tranfported from place to place, without the advice of the Prince of the Countrey, or the Bilhop and Synod.

In 52, That no dead body fliall be buried within the Church, ex* cept the body of a Bilhop, or of an Abbot, or of a. worthy Presbyter, or of a faithful Laick perfon.

In 53, That inceduous perfons be fcparated from the fellowdiip of the Church, except they be penitent.

In 54, 5 5 and 56, .Marriage in the fourth degree of confanguinity is forbidden ■, and that no man (hall marry his God.daughter, .nor fpiri- tual

47

tual Sifter •, neither the Woman, whofe Son or Daughter he hath led to the Sacrament of coHfirmation : And in cafe they be found to be mar- ried, they {hall be feparated again. And no man (hall take in marriage his Wives Sifter j neither foall a woman marry her Husband's Brother.

■Of the Council o/Rhelnes.

A Council was alfo AiTembled at Rhemet^ by the Commandment of Charles the Great, Anno 813. In this Council Wulfarius the. Arch- Biftiop was Prefident : forty four Canons are rehearfed in the fecond "iome of Councils, made in this Council.

In the I. Canon it was concluded, That every man (hould diligent- ly acquaint himfelf with the Articles of his Faith.

i. That he learn the Lords Prayer, and underftand the meaning of it.

•3. That every man in holy Orders (hall walk worthily according to his Calling.

4. The Epiftles of St. Taul were read to give inftrudiions to Snh- Deacoiis, how they (hould behave themfelves.

:5. The Go{pel was read to give inftrudion to Deacons, to Minifter worthily in their Office.

6. Ignorant Priefts arc inftruded to celebrate the Service with un- derftanding.

7. They are alfo inftrudled how to prepare the Catechumeni to the Sacrament of Baptifm.

8. The holy Canons were read out of the Decretal of Jnmcentius, for ordering the lives of Chanons.

p. The Rule of St, BenediU was read to reduce Abbots and their Convents to a remembrance of their Order.

' -10. The Paftoral Book of Gregory v^as read, to admonifli Paftors of , their Duty.

1 1 . Divers fentences of the Ancients vrcre read, to admoni(h both Prelates and People to a holy life.

12. Then they fet down a form of receiving confeffions, and pre- fcribing of penance, according to the Canonical inftitutions.

13. They reafoned about the eight principal vices, that everyone might know what vices to efchew, and teach others to beware of the fame.

14. That Biftiops (hould take heed to the reading of the Books of • Canonical Scripture, and the Books of Fathers, and (hould attend up- on the preaching of the Word of God.

1 5. That Bi(hops (hould preach the Sermons and Homilies of the Holy Fathers, fo as the People might underftand them.

16. The fixteenth Cjnon is coincident with the twelfth.

17. That

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17. That Bifliops and Abbots permit no man to folace the compa- ny with filthy jefting in their prefence : but that the poor be refredied at their Tables with Ledures of Divine Scripture, and praifing of God.

18. In the i8*h Gluttony and Drunkeunefs is forbidden to the Mi- nifters of God.

19. That no Bifiiop judge rartily in things fecret, which are to be referred to the judgement of God.

20. Presbyters (hall not tranfport themfelves from a low place to a greater.

ii. Whofoever by giving money procureth a preferment in the Church, (hall be depofed.

22. No Church-man ftiall cohabit with a Woman, except it be with his Mother or Silkr, or fuch like perfon, by whofe company no fufpi- cion of uncleannefs can arife.

35. That the Sabbath-day be kept holy, and no fervile work be done in it.

3(5. That no man beftow upon the Church that thing which he hath fraudulently taken from others.

:57. Nor yet by lies and deceit withdraw any thing duly belonging to the Church.

38. That Tithes be precifely paid.

3p. That no man receive rewards for his Decree and Sentence.

40. That Prayers be made for the Emperour and his Noble Race. ^

41. In the 41 Canon mention is made of a certain Rent left by King Fepift, which they with the Emperour Charles (hould not alter, "nor transfer into another fumm, left many perjuries and falfe teftimo- nies might enfue.

42. That no man (hould be removed from his Manfion, to whom the Emperour's Almes is diftiibuted.

43. That the Statute may be confirmed by his Highnefs's allowance, whereby all contentions are Ordained to have an end.

44. That the Statute made in Bononia concerning falfe witnelTes may be ratitied i with augmentation if need require, for elchewing of per- juries, falfe teftimonies, and many other inconveniences.

Of the Council of Tours.

In the fame Year 813 , at the Commandment of the Emperour Charles the Great, a Council of many Bi(hops and Abbots was Affem- bled there about eftabliflung Ecclefiaftical Difcipline.

I. Inthe firft Canon, all men are admonifhed to be obedient to the Emperour Charles, and to keep the Oath of Allegiance made unto him, and to make prayers for his profperity.

g. All Bithopsftiall frequently read all the Books of holy Scripture,;

H togethct

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together with the Books of Ancient Fathers written thereupon.

3. It is not lawful for any Biftop to be ignorant of the Canons of the Church, and of the Paftoral Book of Gregory.

4. Let every Bifliop feed the Flock committed to him, not only- with Dodrine, but alfo with an holy Example.

. 5. That aBiftiopbe content with a moderate diet, that holy Le- dures be read at his Table, rather than the idle words of Parafites.

6. Let ftrangers and poor people be at Bilhops Tables, whom they may refrefh both with corporal and fpiritual repad.

7. That the delicate pleafure of the eye and ear be efchewed, left the mind be enchanted therewith.

8. Let not the Lords Servants delight in vain jeftlrg,. nor in hunt- ing and hawking.

c). Let Presbyters and Deacons follow the footfteps of their Bifhops- in leading a pious life.

10. Let Bifhops take care of the poor, and faithfully difpenfe Church- goods.

11. That Bifliops may, with confent of Presbyters and Deacons, be- ftow fomewhat out of the Church-treafure tafupport needy people of that fame Church.

12. A Presbyter is not to be Ordained till he is thirty years old. 13,. Let the Bi(hop fee, that in his own Parifli Church, no Presbyter

coming from any other parts do Service in his Church without Letters of Recommendation.

14. Let a Presbyter kaving alow place,and prefuming to an higher, incurr that fame punifhment which a Bifhop taken in the like fault (hould incurr.

15. A Presbyter who gettetha Church, by giving money for it, Jet- him be depofed.

i<5. Let Tithes beftowed upon Churches by advice of Bifhops, be- faithfully diftributed to the poor by the Presbyters.

1-7. The Families of the Bilhops ftiall be inftruiSed in the fumm of the true Faith, in the knowledge of the retribution to be given to good men, and the condemnation of evil people, and of the refurredion and laft judgement, e^c.

iS. That the Bifhop inftrtid his- Presbyters concerning the Sacra- ment of Baptifm, what it is they {hould defixe the baptiied people to renounce.

ij>. That Piesbyteis- when they fay Mafs, and do communicate, do not diftribute the Lord's body indifcreetly, to children, and to all pei'^ fons who happen to be prefent, e^c Then Reader, tak« notice, that private Maffes had no place in thofe dayes, but they who were duly prepared did communicate with the Prieft.

20. Presbyters (hall not fuffer the holy Ghrifm to be touched by any inan. zi. Presbyters

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21. Presbyters (hall not haunt Taverns.

2 2. Bifliops and Presbyters fhall prefcribe to finners, who have con- feffed their fins, penance difcreetly according to the nature of their fault.

23. Chanons, who dwell in one City (hall eat in one Cloyfter, and deep under one roof, that they may be ready to Celebrate their Cano- nical hours.

24. From the 24 to the 32 Canon, are Conftitutions concerning Monks and Nuns, which I overpais with filence.

32. All Chriftians are exhorted to peace and concord.

33. Lords and Judges (hould hearJ?en to the good admonitions of their Bi(hops i and Bi(hQps on the other fide fliould reverently regard them.

34. Lords and Judges are not to admit vile perfons to bear witnefs in their Judicatories.

3 5. Let no man for his Decree receive a reward.

36. Let every one be careful to fupport indigent perfons of his own kindred.

37. That ChrifVians do bow their knees in prayer, except upon the Lord's Day, and other Solemn dayes, on the which the Univerfal Church keepeth a memorial of the Lord's Refurredion. At fuch times they ufe to (land and pray.

38. That none enter into the Church with noife and tumult ■■> and in time of prayer and celebration of theMafsnot to be bufied in vain confabulations i but even to abftain from idle thoughts.

3P. Let not the Confiflories of Secular Judges be in the Church, or porches thereof in any time to come, becaufe the Houfe of God (hould be an hou{e of prayer.

40. That Merchandiie be forbidden on the L5rd's Day : that the whole day be fpent in God's fervice.

41. That paricides, murthercrs, and inceftuous perfons be reduced to Order, by thedifcfplineof thefecular power.

42. That all people abftain from Magical Arts, which are the deceit- full fnaresof the Devil.

43. A frequent cuftom of fwearing is forbidden.

44. That the caufes of many Free Subjeds, brought to poverty by oppreffion, be examined by the Emperour.

45. That falfe weights and meafures are an abomination to the Lord.

46. The 46 Canon bewaileth, that Tithes were not duly paid to the Church, (hewing the ill effeiSs thereof.

47. when general Failings are appointed for any impendent Cala-' mity, let no man negled the fellowfhip of the humble Church, &c.

48. Drunkennefs and furfeiting are forbidden, &c.

H 2 4P. Lords

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4p, Lords and Matters are to be admoniftied, not to deal crnelly with their fubjeds iyea, and not to feet that which is due unto them- felves, with excellive rigour. ,;

50. Let Laick people communicate at leaft thrice in a year, unlets- they be hindered by fome great fins committed by them.

5J. In the laft Canon mention is made, that they diligently exa- mined the caufe of them who complained to the Emperour, that they were dif-inherited by the donation of Lands, which their Fathers and Friends had beftowed on the Church-, and in their bounds they found no man who did complain : yet in that matter, if any thing was done amifs, they humbly fubmitted themfelves to be correded by their- So- veraign Lord and. King.

Of the CoHHc'd 0/ Chalons.

This Council was Convened in the fame year of our Lord 813-, by*' the.Commandment of C^ar/e/. the Great, for the Reformation of the Ecclefiaftical Eftate.

Many of the Canons of this Council, are co-incident with the Ca- nons of the former, which I ftall overpafs, and mention only fome ef the other..

Can. 3. Let Bifhops Conftitute Schools, wherein Learning may ba encreafed, and men brought up in them, that may be the fait of the earth, to feafon the corrupt manners-of the people, and to flop the. mouths of Hereticks.

4. Let Church-men (hew humility, in word, deed, habit and coun- tenance. .

5. Let Priefts be unreproveable, adorned with good manners, and' not given to filthy, lucre

7. Bifhops and Abbots, who have circumvented fimple men, and (haven their heads, and by fuch means do pofTefs their goods, let them be fubjed to Canonical or Regular Repentance.

8. If Church-men lay up provifion of Corn in Vi(3:ualling-hbufes, let it not be to keep them to a dearth, but therewith to fupport the^ poor in a time of need.

11, The Bi(hop or Abbot muft not refort to Civil Judicatures to plead their own Caufe, except it be to fupport the poor and opprelfed^ Presbyters, Deacons and Monks having,.obtained Licence from the Bi- fliops may appear in Civil Judgement-feats, accompanied with their Advocate.,

12. Let iro Presbyters, Deacons or Monks be Farmers or Tillers of the ground.

i^., An Oath ufed Ijy fome in the time of Ordination inhibited, 14. Billiops in viliting of their Parifhoners, not to be chargeable nrtc them. 15. This-^

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15. This Canon was againft the Tyranny of Arch-Deacons.

16. That Bifhops provide Balm and Chrifm for the Ligiits of thft Church.

17. That Presbyters pay no Tribute to the Bifhop.

18. A-gainft taking of pawns from inceftuous perfons, and fsom thofewHopay not their Tithes, and from negligent Presbyters.

ip. Let people give their Tithes to thofe Churches wherein their Children are baptized, and whereto they refort all the year long to hear Church-fervice.

23. The Ordination of Presbyters and Deacons.is to be made at cer- tain prefcribed times.

24. Concerning Presbyters, Deacons and Monks, who (hall happen to be flaln, let the Emperour determine to whom the fatisfadion of . blood (hall belong.

25. That the EmperOur be entreated, that the Ancient Difcipline may be reftored again, and they who fin publickly, may be brought to publick repentance v and every man according as he deferveth, may. either be excommunicated, or reconciled.

27. Neither the Sacrament of Baptifm, nor the Sacrament of Con- ^rmation (houM be re-iterated.

28. Concerning the degrees of Affinity, and in what degree Marri- age may be bound up, every one is to go to the Canons of the Church to be refolved.

30. Rules concerning the Marriage of Servants,

31. That fuch Women as either negligently, or fraudulently prefent their own Children to Confirmation, fhall be forced to do penance all the dayes of their life ; neither (hall they be feparated from their I^us- bands.

32. Let a finner confefs unto his Father- ConfefTor, all his fins which ' he hath committed either in thought, word or deed.

34. In prefcribing of penance, let favour and hatred of any perfon be laid afide, and let the Injundlions be given according to the Rule of Holy Saiptute, and according to the Canons and Cuftoms of the Church.

3^. Let no man fin of purpofe, to the end hemay abolifli his fins by Alrhs-deedsi for that is all one, as if a man fliould hire God to grant unto him a liberty to fin. ,'■'■,'

37. That fuch Canons of Councils are efpecially .to be read, as ap? pertain unto Faith, and reformation of Manners.

38. Books called LibeJli Pxniietttiales, are to beaboliflied.

3p. In the Solemnities of the Mafs, prayers are to be made for the • Souls of them who are departed, as well as for them vvho arc alive.

40. Degraded PiesbyterSj remainingjmpenitent, are to be €xcom» nmnicated;

54 %D^ CCClefiaftlCal i^tftO;tV Cent, ^i

41 . No Presbyters to be admitted in ftrange places, without the tc- 'ftimony of the Bifliop, and other fufficient witnefTes.

42. Let no Xlhurch be committed to a Presbyter without confent of the Bifhop.

43. In feme places are found Scotch men, who call themfelves Bi- fhops, and they Ordain Presbyters and Deacons, whofe Ordination wedifallow.

45. Againft the going of the Clergy and Laicks to holy places, fuch as Kowf, turon, &c. men imagining, that by the fight of thefe places their fins are remitted.

45 and 47, That the receiving the Sacrament be not long deferred j and none to come to it without due preparation : That when the Sa- crament is to be univerfally received in one day, none do negle^ to -receive it, except fome grievous crime do hinder him from receiv- ing it.

48. According to the Precept of St. Jamei^ that weak perfons (hould be anointed with oyl by the Elders, which oyl is bleffed by thfi Bifliop.

From Canon 52 unto the 66 are contained Precepts of chaft and .honeft living prefcribed to Prioreffes and Nuns. 'S

Of the Council of Aries.

The Canons of this Council were in number 26.

■1 . They fet down a confeffion of their Faith.

The five following Canons are fome of thofe mentioned in the foi- mer Councils.

The 7 and 8 Canons belong to the ordering of Monks and Nuns,

The pi''' pertaineth to the payment of Tithes, and Firft-fruits.

10. That Presbyters (hall preach the Word of God, not only in Cities, but alfo in every Parifh. From thence to the 17* are fome of the Canons of the other Councils.

17. Let every Bifhop Vifit his Bounds once every year, and fupport the oppreffed.

18. Let Presbyttrs keep the Chrifra, and give it to no man under pietenfe of Medicine.

I p. Parents and Witneffes fliall bring up baptized Children in the knowledge of God.

20. Ancient Churches thall not be deprived of Tithes, not of any other pofieffion,

2 1 . That the Conftitution of the Ancients (hall be kept concerning burial in Churches.

22. That Civil judgement-feats (hall not be in Churches,

23. If goods belonging to the poor be bought, let it be done open-

ly

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ly in fight of the Nobles ^nd Judges of the City.

24. Let fugitive Church-men be fought out, and fent back again unto the Bifhop.

2 5. He who hath a Benefice beftbwed upon hinii for helping the fa- brlck of Churches, let him fupport the building of them.

26. They who fin publickly, let thena make their publick repen- tance according to the Canons.

All thefe Canons were prefented unto the Emperour, to be corre(3:- ed by the wi(dom of his Highnefs.

Charles at the requeft of Pope Adrian, i. Baniflied the Amhrofian ' Service out of his Kingdom, and againft: the will of the French Cler- gy, by force eftabliftied the Gregorian or Koman Office. By this change the Latin Tongue in the Publick Service was fully eftabliflied.

Here I (hall make mention of one notable paflage written in the Life of Charles the Great, namely when he made war againft the Saracens of Spain. Agoiland one of the Saracen Rings made (hew of friend* fiiip with Charlemagne, and open hatred of the other Saracen Kings, with whom notwithftanding he had ampft ftridl correfpondence i to betray Charles, Agoiland feemed to encline to peace : After many Mef. fcngers fent on either part, they refolve to parley : So upon Charle- magne''s Faith, Agoiland cometh to the Camp of the French,

Charles told the Pagan he (hduld have his Friendfhip, if he would be baptized, and become a Cbriftian : Agoiland anfwered, That he was not yet fo Abject', nor his Forces fo weak as to refufe the battel: But becaufe it would be an infinite lofs to hazzard fo many men, he defired to make tryal of the Right by fome Troops ; and he that van- quifhed (hould have the Right, and True Religion on his fide, prote- fting to yield to that Religion which fhould appear to be the beft by that Tryal. The condition was accepted by Charlemagne : The Corn- bate being made, the Chriftian Tioop vanquiQied the 6'-iracf«.

Now Agoiland protefteth openly to be a Chri(tian, but in heart he P« Serres Hit.

^ ^L Til 1. <- 111-^ ^ mvit.Careir

meant otnerwile, and takes this occalion to break the Treaty. One magm. day he finds Charlemagne at Table, well acccompanied with his Chief Followers, (for then it was the cuftom of the French Kings not to eat alone) aj)d feeth twelve poor men ill-apparelled, fitting by upon the ground near to the Table of the Noblemen : He demanded what thofe poor miferable Creatures were that did feed apart : One anfwer- ed. They were the Meffcng^rs and Servants of God : He then faid. Their God was of fmall account, feeing his MefTengers and Servants were fo miferable and contemptible, and thereupon retired himfelfi i

having by this Treaty qualified the Force of Charles, viewed his Train, ahd made (hew of his Courage, even Without an AmbafTadour. ' C^^r/w Refolved to avenge this affront of the<S^r^fw,»Hc raifcth

an

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an Army of an hundred and thirty thoufand men, He returneth into Spain, at the firft encounter he defeated Agoiland's Army near to Pam- felom, and for a feal of his Vidiory carrieth away the Head of Agoi- land, ilain ,by the hand of Arnold ot Bdange^ a Noble and Variant Knight.

-Cbarks wrote divers Books : He began a Grammar of the German Language, but ended it not. He changed the names of the Winds and Months from the Heathenifh manner. In the Epiftle to Alcuinus before his Books Ve Vivim OfficiU, he faith, when Chrift was at fup- per with his Difciples, he brake the bread, and gave the cup to them In figure of his body and blood, and left a^reat Sacrament, which is proHtable unto us.

,€,». I. M^"IJ. He faith elfewhere. The Miracles which they fay have appeared in Images, if they did not appear truly (as no Authentick Hiftory fliew- 6th) were but lies. If by fome imaginary over-(hadowing they did appear to deceive mens minds, it is moft dangerous, left that Old Ene- my by his fubtilty, through (hew of wondtrs perfwade to dp unlaw- full things. Eut if thefe things did verily appear, we (hould under- ftand,. that when many wondrous things are done at the pleafure of

iiib. i.cat. 43. God by fome Creatures, or in whatfoever Creatures they be done, yet thefe things are not .to be worfhipped, by which, or in which thefe wonders are made.j becaufe God, who (heweth many figns unto men by vifibleand palpable things, to molliiie the hardnefs of mens hearts by thefe vifible things, worketh not thefe tigfls to confirm the worihip of any Creature ■, for he hath commanded to worfhip himfelf alone. Becaufe God fpake out of a bulh to Mofes, fnould the bufh therefore be worfliipped ? Becaufe a Woman was healed by touching the hem of Chrift's garment, (hould hems therefore be worfhipped ? The Ca- tholick Church profe(retb to ferve God, not by Images., not by men, nor ethereal powers, but by Chrift pur Lord.

Charles the Emperour made many.Laws and Ecclefiaftical Conftitu- tions, which jlngifas^ Abbot of L(?^if«, and then Arch-Bi{hopof 5e- mn gathered together, with the Conftitutions of his Son LewU^ and divided them into feven Books, Sinderus teftifieth, that they were in the Abby of St. Ga]liu , and were not long (ince printed at Pa- ris.

Alcmn cont. AlcuiJius faith thus of him, Charlej was a King in Power, a Catho-

Eiipsnt. lick in Faith, an High-Prieft in Teaching, a Judge in Equity, a Phi-

lofopher in Liberal Studies, famous in Manners, and excellent in all Honefty. He was never ferved at Table with more than four diihes at once , his Ke^creations were hunting, and reading of Hiftories. He

Pedro Mexia <^ied in February, Anno 814, and was interred at Aix la Cbapelle, where he was born, jmd his Memory honoured with a goodly Epi- taph, Th» greatnefs of his Monarchy is admirable, for "he quietly

enjoyed

Hift,

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enjoyed all France^ Germany^ and the greateft part of Hungary^ all Ita^ ly, and a part of Spam. He left his Son Lereei fole Heir of his great Kingdoms, who was the weakeft of all his Sons.

The French Monarchy being come to the height of it's Greatnefs, not long after the death of Charlemagne it began to decline. The fooli{h lenity of Letves was the beginning, the which was continued by the difordered confufions of his Succeffors, who (in fpite one to another) hartened the ruine of their Houfe, making way thereunto by their Vices and Misfortunes. Leives (more fit to be a Monk than a King) was fo given to Devotion, and of fo foft a fpirit, that he made his Authority contemptible both within and without the Realm : This made divers Nations fubjed to the Crown, to fall from their obe- dience.

Bernard King of Italy^ an ambitious young man, was perfwaded by the BiQiops of Orleans and Milan, to feize upon the Realm of France. But being in field to go into France againft his Urcklc,with an ima- ginary favour of the French to be proclaimed King, both he and all his Counfellours were taken by Lerees his Subjeds.

Lerves having both his Nephew and Counfellors in his Power, de- fpoils him of all his Realm o{ Italy, confines him to perpetual prifon, and puts out his eyes : the hke he doth to all the Bifliops and Noble Men he could get, and after a few dayes caufeth them to be beheaded. This ad: from Lerves, and committed againft fuch perfons, began to breed a general diflike, the which was aggravated by a domeftical dif- fention.

After the death of Bernard, Lerves gave Italy to his eldeft Son Lo- thariin, and afTociated him in the Empire. To his Son Tefin he gave Aquitain, to Letves Bavaria^ and would have them all bear the name of Kings.

Lerves had a Son by Judith his fecond Wife, an ambitious Woman, called Charles. This Woman play'd the Emprefs and Queen over all, which caufed Lerves to be hated and contemned. His Sons, Lothariiii, Tepin and Lerves, by the Advice of the Bithops (who were incenfed a- gainft the Emperour by reafon of the death of thofe Church-men) re- folveto feize upon their Father,Mother, and younger Brother,to dif- poflefs them of all Authority , and then to govern the States after their own wills, wherein they muft ufe force, and a publick confent.

Lotharius lieves a great Army, and calleth a National Council of the French Church at Lions, fuppofing fooner to fupprefs Lewes by tliis ■neans than by a Parliament. Lerves appeareth, and yieldeth to the cen- . "re of the Prelates , which was to retire himfclf into a Monaftcry, there to attend his Devotion, and to refign the Empire and the Realm to his Children. So Lerves was conveyed to SoiJJhns, fo the Monalkry of St. Medard ■■, his Wife and her Son Charles were committed to other

I places,

5 8 %^t CCCleftafttcal l^lftO^P Cent.

places, and the whole Government committed to Lotharius and his Brethren. And the greateft of the Church-men were guilty of this Out-rage, feeking to maintain their Decrees. Lewes continued in_pH- fon five years, viz. from the year 829, unto the year S3 4.

Then Lotharius being forced to yield to his Father, goes to field, takes him prifoner again, and leads him back to the Convent at Soif- fons^ where he flayed not long, for the French did bandf openly a- gainft Lotharius^ and his Brethren abandoned him, fo as he was forced to yield unto his Father,and to crave pardon. Then Lerves gives poi- fions to his Children, to Lotharius he leaves the Realm of Jujirafia,. from the River of Mem unto Hungary^ with the Title of Emperour >. unto Len-es Bavaria^ and unto Cbrarles France ; Tepin enjoyed Aqui- tain without contradidlion.

Lerves not content with Bavaria, levies an Army, and palTeth the Khf»e, The rruferable Father prepares an Army to go againft him, but+ie falls fick and dieth, Jmo 840,

There was a Council held at Faris by the Command of Letves^ and his Son Lothariuij Anno 829, and three others at the fame time in o- ther places, as is colleded from the Preface. It was Ordained, that Synods Ihould then be Affembled in four fcveral places of their Em- pire.

In bis Reign, mFrancevm ufedof Priefts and Church-men precis

ous and (hining Veilures, and golden and rich flaring Girdles, with

libian's chron. Rings and other Ornaments of Gold : Wherefore the faid Lewes pro-

CLiJcd of the Pope a ccriedion for all fuch as ufed fuch ftrange apparel,

cauiing them to wear brown and fad colours.

Atrcr the death of the Emperour Leives, Lotharius his eldefl Son, and En pcrour by his Fathers Teftament, would force his Brethren to anew divifion. He quarrclieth with Cfejr/fj King of Frjwf^and Leajf/ D Jke o( Bavaria ; but the two Brethren unite together, and joyn their; Er.yces to oppofe Lotharius.

I nfharius finding himfelf the fironger, refufeth the Conditions of ;• _ Peace offered by his Brethren : Then Lea'ex and C/'^^r/f/ charging the

' Atvli)' o( Lotharius^ overthrew it with a notabl. llaughter. Lotharius

after this defeat changeth his humour with his eflatej he enjoyed the. tirulary mask or the Empire with Aujirafia, yet much curtailed and di-r vided to his three Sons, Lerres ^Charles and lahariuf. Then Loiharim having remorfe of Confcicncc for attempting againft his Father and Brethren, profefTeth himfelf a Monk in the Abby of Pltsviers, and dies- a Monk in the Year 855.

Charles and Leives after the Vidory call the Biflwps to take their-. Advice upon Occurrents, who being foleumly AlTembled exhort them to Concord : They hearken to them, make an Alliance, and come to the dividing of their parts. Charles remains the fok Ring of France.

Vanl^hine

Cent. p. Of FRANCE. 59

Vaulphine and Frovencevsccc left to Lewes in his partage, for the coni- modity of Italy which was given hinn, notwithftanding the pretenGons of Brrwiir A Children : But he died foon after without any liTue-male, leaving one only Daughter, called Uermingrade^ Heir of all his great Eftates.

Charles married his Neece Bermingrade to Bofon Earl of Ardennes^ concii. MeMenC brother to his Wife Kkhilde^ who called himfelf King of Aries. '■''^78. r^m.^.

At the Council at Meaux held about this time, it was Decreed, that the Capitular Laws concerning the Church, made by Charlemagne, znd his Son LeTves,(hou]d be t>ridly obferved. The fame Council entreats King Charles the Younger, to grant the Bi(hops a freer liberty for the execution of their Minifteries in their Pariihes.

Charles called the Bald, began his Reign, Amo 841. He caufed p/eLjI.f/he"' himfelf to be proclaimed Emperour after the death of Leives^ who fur- coHncU hoWcn vived Lothariuf, without contradidion : He went to Rome, and was l^r^^'m"/ s6j. Crowned Emperour by the Pope, with the Imperial Diadem-, then Ht is named firif, railing his Spirit very high, after the ciiftom of the Grecians, he walk- cOTcdvedinhia cth with a Surplice. ^ name.

This King Charles the Bald, relying on the Pojifl help, favoured the Pope with all his Power, and brought the Fremh Clergy to the fubjedion of the Koman See, as much as he could : Then began the Popes Legates to come to the Councils of Fra>tce, and there to pre- (ide. Then alfo the French Kings began to tremble under the thun- derbolts of the Vatican, and to fear the Excommunications of the Pope.

The firfl: Pope that made tryal of his Excommunications againft them was Pope Nichols the firft, who threatned Lethary to Excom- municate him , unlefs he recalled I'ietberga his Wife, whom he had put away, to take Tf^aldrada whom he loved, which alfo this Pope did Excommunicate : Whereupon there was great murmuring of the Prelates and People of France againft the Pope, being difpleafed both at the Pope's Ufurpations, and the pufillanimity of their Kings. Thefe things happened from the Year 863 to 86d.

After that NicholM, came Adrian the fecond, who favouring Levees^ Du Moulin cont. Grand-child to Lerves the Gentle,againft Charles the Bald his Unckle, "'^°"' ' ''■'' fent peremptory Letters into France, whereby he declared. That if any prefumed to make an enterprize upon the Kingdom of heroes, not only , he would make void by his Authority all that he (hould do i but alfo s. haTinJ'exco^ that fuch a man being bound with the bonds of Anathema, and dc- m'"icafcdcoiint prived of the name of Chriilian, fliould be lodged altogether with the comT^Adaltn,

Devil. and fome others

* This is feen in the Epiftle which Hincmariu Arch>Bi(liop c(Rhemet ^ci'tcd him in"'

i'"'>, ramc in- taVrMce^nmiyo, where he called aSynodat 7royct, confifting of the Bilhopj of th« Kingdom, to delire theic Confent to that Excommunicition ; which they accordingly cranted \\m.

I 2 writes

^o ^De eccieftaiJtcal J^tfto?^ eent. 9.

writes to the faid Adrian upon the faid fabjed, where he faith, That both Ecclefiaftical and Secular men being AlTembled at Rhemes, would fay in a reproachful way, That never any fuch Mandate was fent from that See to any of the Kings PredeceiTors : Adding, That the Bifhops of Rome had never withdrawn themfelves from the obedience of He- retical Emperours : wherefore (faid they) we will not believe, that we cannot otherwife attain to the Kingdom of Heaven, but by receiv- ing him for a Temporal King, whom this Apoftolical Lord recom- mendeth to us^

It was in this ninth Age, that the Decretals were forged by RicttlpJms Bifliop of Mij^fz, as is fuppofed, who publi[hed them under a falfe Title. And at that time, and a long time after the Arch-Bifhops of- Mentz were the firft promoters of Papal Authority in Germany. And nothing hath helped more to the eftablifhment of the Papal Empire, than thefe Epiftles, which have for a long time been held for Ora- cles in the. Weft j by them the Father of lies hath wrought very pow- erfully.

Thefe Decretals were forged under the Reign oi Charlemagne^ and. of his Son LeweMke Gentle, being unknown before, and never men- tioned in all Antiquity, bearing on the front the name of Jfidorm Fec- caton and in fome Copies Ifidorus Mercator, a man unknown, and a. name forged at will.

That Collection of Decretals began to go about in France in the be- ginning of the Reign of Charles the Bald. The firft that ufed them, ^vas Hinck^nar Biftiop of Laon upon this occafion : Hmck^ar Arch- Bi(hop of Rhemes had promoted to the Biftioprick of Laon another Hinckrnar \\\s Nephew, who having excommunicated his Clergy, and' hindered the Divine Service, and the Baptifm of Children in his own Biftioprick, and committed divers crimes and exceffes, was cited to appear before his Unckle, who was his Metropolitan : But he would = not obey nor appear. Upon that Hhickjnar of K/j'fwfxdifanulled all the Pidis of Hinckrnar o£ Laon, and would fynodically proceed againft- hlm.

Hereupon Charles the Bald Convocated a Council in France-zt Ac- cimaciiin^ confifting of ten Biftiops i the Bifliops of Lions, Vafon and ^ "Triers were Chief Prefidents in the Council. Hinch^arus Bifliopof K^mej- propofed unto the Council fifty Canons, which he defired to be read in the Synod. Hinckjnar of Laon to defend himfelt brought forth the Colledion of the Decretals, of the ancient Popes made byi Ifidorus^ where by the Popes Decrees fuch caufes are referved to the: Apoftolick' See.

Hinckpiar oi-Rhemes being not learned- enough to know the foEgery of the Author of thefe Decretals, and not daring to rejeft them open- ly, brought divers -things to invalid their AUthoiity, He faid,' that,

Cent. 9* Of FRANCE. 6i

Winchrnar of Laen was miftaken, if he thought that he was the only man that had thofe Epiftles \ that the Ccuntrcy was full of them, and that Riciilfiu Bifhop of Mentz had publi(hed the Book of Epiftles col- leded by Ifidorur^ which was brought to him out of Spain.

H'lHckmar alfo (to defend himfelf againft thofe EpiftlesJ faid^ that they had been good in their time, but that the Fathers Affembled in Council had altered thofe things, and made Canons of greater Autho- rity, which are to remain perpetually j and that thofe Decretals were never put in among the Canons of the Church. That ftrife between the two Hinckniars happened Anno S70.

The Synod forenamed, accufed Hinckinar Bifhop of Laon of petu- lancy, and compelled him to fubfcribe obedience to King Charles^ and to his Metropolitan : He was alfo deprived of his Office, and both his eyes were thrufl out. But Pope John IX, under the Reign of Charles Hift. Magdefe; the Grofs, reftored him to his Office again, being the more affedion- ""■^," "^"^ ^■ ed to him, becaufc he had appealed from his own Bifliop, and- from a Decree of a Synod in his own Countrey to be judged by the- Chair of 'Rome.

Pope NichoLn beftirred himfelf with violence againft HinckjvaroS Rhemes, complaining that he defpifed the Decretals colledled by Z/j- domi. Hinckinar refifted him ftifly, neither did he ever fuffer the caufes which he had judged to be revifed at Rome^ nor any man that had- been dcpofed by the Synods o( France, to be reftored by the Pope. And- air his life time he maintained with great conftancy fo much liberty as- remained to the Gallican Church, which liberty fuffered by his death- a great diminution. The Popes durft not touch him becaufe he was the King's Unckle.

Baronius writing of this Hinchjnar of Rhemes, notably abufeth him^ for he faith. That upon the teftimony of Fredoard, Hinckrnar had ob» ;

tained of Pope Leo IV,by the mediation of thejEmperour Lothary,^ Pal^ Hum, or Archiepifcopal Cloak, with a privilege to ufe it every day. But Hinckrnar himfelf in the Book of the fifty hve Chapters, faith the contrary, fpeaking in this manner, Leo IV, and BenediUm did confer upon me fome privileges, which I did not ask for. For the privileges which are conferred upon every Metropolitan by the facred CanonsJ ._ are fufficient for me. It was a generous part of Hinckinar, to declare-^ that he had no need of the Pope's privileges, and that he held his dig-" nity from the Canons, not from the Roman Prelate.

As for the writings of this Hinck^ar, there are his Opufcula &Epi" jioU : Admonitio de potejiate Regia & Fontijicia. We find this chara- cter given of him ; Fuit vir doUuf, & pietatis fiudiofus fub Carole fe-' ciindo Ludovici pii filio circa 870 , Domini annum ■, tametft & magni' ' Cdroli tempora adolefcens attigerit. Is dam corrigere vitia morbof(]ue Cle-.

ritorim conatus eji^ multum molejiiarum a perdiu viu Clero, eoruntqur ._.-. ^^^

6 a %i^t ccciefiafticai m^m cent 9.

aA Papam appeHationibm^ mo & a FapU ipfis fujlinuit^ Illyr. Catal. Teft. verit.lib.j?.

In this Century Clandms Bifhop of T^wr/^, was defamed as an He-

Petries Church- Tdtick by 'IheodomJre zn Abbot, who did accufe him unto the Pope.

Hift. Cm. 3. pjg ^rote his own Apology, that it might appear wherefore he was

accufedj and to fl^e\v how Godly men have been traduced from time

to time.

Agobard Bifliop of Lions took part with Lotharim againfl Letves his Fatherjand therefore was ^epofed : after their reconciliation he was re- ftored,and being a man of wifdom and knowledge ,was employed about the great Affairs of the Kingdom. His Works were printed at Tar'n^ Anno 1605. from which Imprellion rhefc paffages are extraded, fag. 52. There is one immovable Foundation, cue Rock of Faith, which - Feter confefTeth, 'thou art the Son of the Living Gud. And pag. 128, The uncleannefs of our time deferves a fountain of tears, when fo un- godly a cuftom is become fo frequent, that there is none almoft afpi- ring to temporal honour, who hath not a Prieft at home, not whom he obeyeth, but of whom he exadeth all manner of obedience incef- fently, not in Divine, but in worldly things i fo that many of them do fcrve at Table, or mix wine, and lead dogs, feed horfes, or attend Hup bandry i neither regard they what manner of Clerks thefe be, but only that they may have Priefts of their own \ and fo they leave Churches and Sermons, and publick Service : it is clear, that they leek them, not for honour of Religion, becaufe they have the;m not in honour, and fpeak difdainfutly of them. He is large againfl: the worfhip of Images. BeUarm. de (cri- Bellarmine faith, that Johm, and other Bifliops of France in that Age, P^°"''- ^"'^'' were overtaken with Agobard''^ errour. By the Jefuites confefEon then

many Bifliops of France., were againfl the prefent errours of Kome. otai. Te(V. vc- Then A?igeIom, a Monk of Luxovia, a man of great reading, at the jit. irt.ro. entreaty of Dr^gff, wrote many Books. Vruthmarui of Aquitain wxotc fome things upon the Evangelifts.

Then Kaban Magnentiw^ othcrwife firnamed Mauru^^ was famous

Ttithem Catal '" ^^'^ Univerfity of Pizw, for Poefie, Rhetorick, Aflronomy, Philo-

uiuftr.vjror. *. fophy and Theology, unto whom neither Germany nor Ita'^y brought

,^fbrth an equal, faith 7r;V^fm7«f. He became Abbot of Fk/^<*, where

he was born, and there he wrote Commentaries on all the Books of the

Bible. He was fometime Scholar to Alminus. His Monks were offend-

f ed, that he did fo much ftudy the Scriptures, and did no better at»

tend their Revenues i therefore after 24 years he left the Abby •, they

befought him to return, but he would not : He abode with Le^es the

Emperour, until Orgjr BiHiop of M(?«^z died, and then fucceeded. "tho'

m.K Walden in the A6ts of Pope Martin V. reckoned him, and P.ere-

bald^ or Keginbald^ Bflhop of Attxerre, among Hercticks, becaufe they

favoured Bertram, At

Cent, p. Of F RANGE. 6^

-■■ ' .ii-.— -■-■■■ ■ . . ,. _. ^

At that time there was much debate about the Dodtrine of Prede- Avent. Lib. 4. fiination. Gottefchalk.{h^ birth a franck^ or Belgic\, as Aveminm call- •*""*'• ^°'°^' eth him) was Ordained a Prieft by KigboldChorepifcopns, in the vacan- cy of the See of Rhemes. The forenamed Binck^nar writeth, that he held thefe five Articles :

1. God did before all Ages, and e're he made any thing, predefti- Hinckmir.in nate unto falvation whom he would, and alfo unto deftrudtion whom Lugdiin.'* '^"'''* he would.

2. That they who are predeftinated onto deflrudion cannot be fa- ved.

3. That whereas the Apodle faith, God willeth that all menbeTa- ved, he meaneth, only all them who fliall be favcd.

4. Tiiat Chriit came not to fave all men, nor did he fuifer for all men, but only for them who (hall be faved by the myfiery of his paf* fion.

5. Since the iirft man fell of his Free-will, none of us can ufe Free- will to do good, but only to do evil.

'Remigius Bilhop of L/omj-, in the name of the Church of Lions de- fended thefe five Articles ■■, whereupon Wnckrnar wrote unto Pope Ni- choljs agaiiift Gottefchalk^^ and calleth thefe Articles, theherefie of the Fredeflinarians^ which was overthrown in Africk^^ and afterwards in France, by Authority of Pope Celeftine. when Gottefchal\ returned from Italy, Rahan Bitliop of Mfw/z fummoned him to a Synod, and when he could not perfwade him to change his mind, he wrote unto Hinckrnar and others. Hinckrnar fummoned Gottefchalk^ unto a Sy- nod of twelve Bi(hops, and fome Prieih and Abbots in Carijiac on Ifara, where four Articles were enabled againrt him. He was con- demned of Hcrefie and contumacy ■■, he was whipt with rods, and call: vid. Petries CR. into prifon. The Church of L/o»j- after fight of thefe four Articles, Hia. an;. <>. fent forth their cenfure of them,

Remigim, was a man of a moft holy Converfation, and very learn- ed, as appearcth by the Comments which he wrote upon the Old and New Teliamenfs,

At this time was publidicd a Commentary on the thirteen Epiftles of the ApoT.lc St. Vunl^ which was lately printed at Rome, under the name of Eemigius of Rbetttei.

Lupiis^ Abbot of the Mon^ftery of FenarLt^ by the water L»f<i run- ning into Sein, at the fauie time wrote Icvcral Epiftles unto King Lew- f/, and to H/Hckruar, which were puiited at I'jw, Anno 1588. He *

coniforteth his Maftcr ti«/:'<<»i alter liie death ot his wife : He fpeaks homnirably of Maniage, and comfoitably ot the efiate of the Godly after this life, without any-mcntion ol purgatory, or Mafs for the de- fund.

At the fame time alfo was a quciUon. of the prefciice of ChiilVs body

in-

64

X!)e ecclefiallical ^iftoii^

Cent. p.

Ufher's Anfw, to the Jefuites challenge.

Ridl. Pref. at ._Cosn, Dom,

DeSetresKift,

in the Sacrament. Charles the Bald King of France, commanded Ber- tram^ a Prieft at Corbey\ to fearch and write what was the Dodtrine of the Fathers, and Ancient Church in this Article, 'trithemim iiith^ 'Bertram was fingularly learned, of an excellent eloquence and utter- ance, pregnant in judgement, and no lefs famous for holinefs of life, and wrote many excellent Treatifes. In obedience unto King Charles he compiled a Treatife, De corf ore & fanguine Domini, which is all inferted in Catal. leji. verit. lib. lo. This Book %vas forbidden to be read by order from the "Roman Inquifition, confirmed afterward by the Council of Trent. The Divines of Vorvay perceiving that the forbid- ding of that Book did not keep men from readir?g it, but gave them rather occalion to feek more earnefily after it, thought it better Ber- tram {hould be futfered to go abroad, but handled in fuch fort, as o» ther ancient Writers tliat made againll: them were wont to be. Bi- (hop Kidley highly commends this Bertram.

^Tafchafnii Kathbert, Abbot of Corbey at the fame time wrote a Book of the Eucharift. Kemigiiis Billiop of Auxerre flourifhed about the year 8§o ■■, he wrote many Books : He was called Dodor Senten- tiofus. '

Charles the Bald died at 'Mantua, Anno Sjp, being poifoned by Se- decias the Jew, whom he employed for one of his Phyficians, leaving the Realm to his Son LewfJthe fecond, called the Stuttering.

Lerees King of Gf rraa/ij had vowed that he would take both Em- pire and Kingdom from Charles the Eald, but was arretted with fick- nefs at FrankJ'ord. There he divided his Kingdom among his three Sons, to Lerves he gave Saxony, luringia , Frifia, and the Provinces within them, with the Title of Eajl-Franc-e : to Carloman he gave Bo- jaria, Auliria, Bohemia, and Moravia, with the Title of King of Ba- varia : To Charles his third Son he gave Suevia , Franconia , with fome parts of Lorain (which be' had taken after the death of Lotha- rius) with the Title of King of Germany.

Charles the Fat King ot Germany ftrove for the Empire, and was Crowned by the Komans. Pope John would not confent, and there- fore was imprifoned •, he efcapihg goes into France, and confirmeth Len>es the Stutterer. He was courteoufly received by Letves, Itays in France a whole year, and there holds a Council at Jroyes in Cham- pagne.

The Pope was fcarce gone but Lenses dieth, having reigned only two years. He had no lawful Children, but two Baftards : he left his Wife with Child. The Queen was afterward delivered of a Son,' which w:as faluied King, and called Charles.

During the minority oiCharles, Lerees and Carloman Brothers, the two Baftards of Lfn-vj- the Stutterer, are chofen by the States to Go- .vern the Realm of -Fr^^cf, Lerres was defeated by the Normans, and

dies

Cent. 10. Of FRANCE. 6$

dies for grief. Soon after liis Death it is faid, that Carloman fell down and brake his neck. Another Lewes fuccecdeth to thefe two Brethren, but he quickly dyed. Then the States called Charles the Grofs^ K.ing of Bavaria^to this high Dignity. He began his reign, Anno 885, and reigned nine years. His entrance was goodly, but his end Tragical. He was crowned King with promife to reftore the Crown to the law- ful Heir, and to govern according to the will of the States. He was Son to Lewes called Germaniciu^ Son to Lewes the Gentle : Being de- feated by the Normans^ he yieldeth to a prejudicial peace, and is much bated of the French. At length the Frf «ci& and the Grrmans refolve to difpofTefs him. Th&Germans made choice for their Emperour oi Arnulph Son to Car- loman^ the Son of Lewes the Gentle. The French likewife rejcd this miferabIeG^i»r/e/ from the Regency of the Realm, and call EticUs of Odon, Duke o( Angers, named by the will of Lewes the Stutterer,

So this poor Prince is caft out both from Realm and Empire, and re- mains naked without an houfe to {hrowd himfelf in from this d;fgrace> being bani(hed from Court, and driven into a poor Vilhgc of Siievia^ where he lived fome days in extreme want, without any means of his own, or relief from any Man •) in the end he dyed, neither pitied nor lamentedof any, in a corner unknown, but to have been the Theatre of fo extraordinary a Tragedy, that one of the gteateft Monarchs in the World, fliould dye without Houfe,without Bread, without Mourn- ing, and without Memory, but the note of this end fo prodigioufly me- morable.

Century X.

CUarles the Third , called the Simple , was Crowned in tJic Year p02. Eudes governing with him eight Years from his Coronation. C/jijr/e/ remaining alone after the Death of his Regent, Reigned 27 Years. His Reign was miferable through- out. Now begins a notable league againft the King. TLobert Duke of At^ou becomes the Head of this League, accompanied with many great Men of Trance. This Kobert was Governour by the Death of his Brother Eudes,

K They

6 6 %f^t CeCUftaftical ^i^OV^ Cent, i o.

They caufed Charles to quit the Crown, difcharginghim with the nameof fimpleor foolifh , and declaring him incapable of fo greats a charge. 'Robert arms boldly againft Charles^ to difpoflefs him of his- Eftate. Charles flees to Henry the third Emperour, and laboureth to calm this ftorm.

At the approach of their Armies , T^ohert ( to have fome Title to make a War) caufeth himfelfto be Crowned King at Khemes , by Herve the Arch Bifhop, who died three days after this unlawful Coronation.

As the Armies approach near Soijfons^ ftriving (in the view of Farts) they joyn, the combate is cruel , but Kobert fighting in the Front is flain, leaving for that time the vi6i:ory to King Charles ^ who feeks a Treaty of Peace, out of an unfeafonable fear. Hebert , Earl ofFler- mandois , Son-in-law to Robert^ befeecheth Charles to come to St. ^«'«f«/ to confer together. CW/ex cometh thither without Homa- ges. Hebert there takes him Prifoner, ' and conveys him to Soiffons^ where he had affembled the chief of the Realm, chofen after his own- humour, where he makes him to relign the Crown to Kaoul his- God-fon, the firft Prince of the Blood by his Mother Hermzngrade, . Daughter to Lenj^j, and Wife of Bfl/tiw King oi^ Burgundy, So this poor Prince is led from Prifon to Prifon for five years and dyeth of a languiftiing melancholy.

He had by his Wife Ogin a the Daughter of Edivard Kingof E?«g- /a«i, a Son named Lerves. She takes her Son Lewe/ , and flees into - E«^/i»«i, to her Brother ^t^e/ffiijj who then Reigned.

But the Reign of Kaoul was unfortunate, who Reigned thirteen yerrs during Charles his imprifonment, and after his Death.

But Rao«/ after many broils dycth at Co«i^/eg«e , Anno p^6. Now are great confullons in Fr^«ce, there is nothing facred jail is violated for Rule, all refped is laid afide, every one plays the King within him- felfi for one King there are many i and where there are many Ma- fters, there are none at all. In this confufion there were many Kings, . Dukes and Earls, although thefc Titles were but temporary , having no other Title but the Sword. There was no Governour of any Province tbr-'ughcut the Realm, which held not proper to himfelf ^ and his Heirs, thofe things which were given to them but as Offices,,, From hence fprang fo many Dukedoms, Earldoms, Baronies, and Seignories, which for the moft part are returned to their beginnings. Italy (given to an Infant oi France) was now poffefTed by divers- Princes. Germany (withdrawn from the Crown) was banded into - divers fadions, fo as the Empire of the Weft, confirmed in the perfoq of Charlemargtte, continued fcarceone hundred years in his Race : for Letces the Son of Amulph^ was the laft Emperour of this Blood. In hisfhcetheGermansexediedConrade^ Dukeof Eaft franconia., Anno

P20.

Cent.io. Of FRANCE. -67

I ' — ' . — '»

^20. the Empire being then very weak. After Conrade was chofen Henry theForcler, Duke of Saxony, znd after him his Son Otho, Princes adorned with fingular virtues fit for the time to preferve the Weft. For the Emperoursof theEaftdid run headlong to their ruine, who were men either of no valour , or altogether wicked , attending the laft blow by the hand of the Mahumetam^^Khok power they ftrength- ned by their vitious lives, until they had lodged them upon their own heads.

In thefe confufions of State the power of the Pope of 'Rome en- creafed daily, by the ruines of the Empire. Thcdefign of the Popes was to ered a Monarchy in the Church , by Power and Authority, Seignories, civil DifTentions, Arras, Revenues, and Treafon ; Andfoon after they grew to that greatnefs, as they fought to prefcribe Laws to Emperours and Kings, who refufing it , and difputing this primacy, many diflentions arofe, and were difperfed among the people.

After the Death of Raoul , Athelftan King of England ( having drawn unto him William Duke of Normandy') fends an honourable Ambaffage to the States of Frawe, entreating them to reftore his Ne- phew Lenses , to his lawful and Hereditary Dignity. The French confent to it : So Lences, the Son of Charles, is called home by the E- ftates o( France^ being accompanied with a great Troop" of Englrjh.mm and Normans.

Lewes began to Reign, Anno 93 5, and Reigned 27 years. l^houX. this t\mQ,Ambrofe AHsbert,zFrench-man, wrote Commen- taries on the Tfalms and Canticles, and part of the Kevelatio}u

In this tenth Century there was little ftudy of liberal Sciences, the Schools were few, and empty of Languages. The Popifh Priefts and Clergy (having forfaken their old DilciplineJ were given to filthy lu- cre, nor were they refpedted by their flocks i only Monks were noted to have fome Eloquence. And fuch was the corruption of the times, that none durft fcarce fpcak of the Corruptions, Idolatries, Superftiti- om,and wickednefTesof thatAge,whichat that time were fo luxuriant. Divers Signs were feen in Heaven : and great changes happened almoft in every Kingdom, The Hungarians opprefs Italy and Germany , be- fides many other broils in both thofe Nations. France will (hortly have another Race of* Kings: great were the Wars in Spain between the Moors and the old Inhabitants, and the Saracens fuffered neither Greece nor Afia to refl in peace.

Bel'armine fpeaking of this Century, faith. Behold an unhuj^jy Age, ctronoi.'" in which are no famous Writers, few or no Councils, bad Emperours, and no good Popes.

_ Baronius on the beginning of this Century, faith, Anew Age be- %""'s*a.t!^" ginneth, which for rudenefs, and barrennefs of goodnefs may be called ^he Iron Age ^ and for deformity of evil abounding, the Leaden

K 2 42?,

^8 ^De ccdeftattical i^tfto^F Cent.io.

Ag»^ and for want- of Writers is called , Ihe Vark^ Age. ' Under the Reign of Charles the Simple, King of France, a Council was called at Ic/;fmfj^ for correding the abufe of Church-rents: for Noble-men in Court, fuch as Hugo^ and bis Brother Roifrf, Mafter of the King'/ Horfes, and Vincmarm with divers others , under pretence of fuftaining the King'/ Honourable Eftate, and paying wages-to Souldicrs, had converted to their own ufe a great part of Church- rents, efpecially belonging to Abbeys. F«/w, Arch-Bi(hopof Rz&ewfx uttered his mind freely in the Council. Vincmarm one of the nota- ble oppreffours in the Court, defiled the Council with Blood, and kil- led FhIco Biihop of Khemej. The Fathers of- the Council returned unto their own Churches with great fear ; for the like of this was not heard fincethe fecond Council of Ephcfus ,'va which, flaviania. Bilhop of Co>iflanti/tople was (lain. Efc. Haillin in ^ Council alfo was held in France, in which it was permitted Priefts ■vitiCsroiiSimpi. to marry Virgins.

At this time there was a great Famine in France.

The People had been much given to Gluttony and DrunkennefSjand God puni(hed them with penury and fcarcity of Victuals.

Lfwe/dyeth Anno p^i^. ztKbemes, hated of the French, leaving to Loth air, his Son, a Crown near the ruine, and to Charles the youngs eft, the favour of his eldeft Brother.

Lothair detefted of all men, died Anno p6\, leaving behind him an execrable memory of his adions, and Lewes, his Son, for a iinal con- cluiion of his race, as an out-caftef great CbarUmagne.

Len-^es V. reigned one year only, and dyed without Heir, leaving , his place void in troubles of State , and confufion of times horribly corrupted, untotheHoufeof Hugh le gr<««^. Earl of Farif, God had prepared the means, both for the Father to lay the foundation, and for his Son Hw^i&CiJpf/, (appointed for the Regal Dignity 3 to finifh this goodly building.

Now Cometh in the third race of the Kings of France, called Capets, of the name of Hugh Capet,

Charles Duke of Lon-ji«, was firft Prince of the Blood- royal , he was Son to Lewes IV. Brother to Loth air, \ix\ck\t to LewesN. the laft King, to whom the fundamental L'aws of France did adjudge the Crown. But fJ//^^ Ca;>f* waschofen Kingby the Fre«c/^ affembled in Parliament, and Charles Duke ciLorrain was rejected from the Crown. .

Tliischange happened in 7a/>',.(4«3(>p87. This new King %vas tir- ■mu\ca^apet,ox Capitofits, either for that he had a great Head, or that (being young) he was accuftomed to catch at his Companions caps , as a prefage of that he fliould do unto Kings. Otbo and Henry two other Sons o( Hugh le grand, \v£ic Dukes o( Burgundy , one after another ; his. other Sons, were advanced to EcclsfiafticalDignities, the one Arch-

Biihop

Gent. 10, Of FRANCE. 6<^

Bi(hop of "tboloufe, the other of Kovan,znd another dyed young.

Charles of Lorrain gathered an Army, and entring France came to ' the City of Laon, within which City he by the Trcafon of Anfelm th& Bi(hop of that City, was taken and delivered with his Wife and Chil- dren into the hands of his Enemies.

Hugh being crowned King, caufeth his Son Kohert to be crowned King at Rhemes^ Anna $po. three years after his Father's eledion. Hugh decreeth, that the elder Son (hould reign alone among his Brethren: and fuppreffeth the Majors of the Palace.

He likewife decreed, that hereafter Baftards (hould not be only re- je(3ed from the Crown, but alfo from the fir- name of France^ the which before was allowed them. To him likewife are due the good- ly Ordinances of Juftice. Faris was the chief place of Hughes refi- dence , which City was greatly augmented and beautified in his Reign.

Arnulj?h, Baftard to Lothair, was the only Man which had favoured Charles of Lorrain, againfi: Hugh Capet. This Man was both perverfe and difloyal, having deceived both Charles of Lorrain, and Hugh Ca- pet, who had given him the Arch-bi(hoprickof Rw^>«, in recompcnce of the fervice he promifed him againft Charles , to whom (notwith- ftanding J contrary to his Faith, he gave means to feize upon the Cities of Khemes,Laon and Soijfons. Hugh therefore refolves to fuppreis Arnulph : but refpeding his quality, he afTembled a National Council of the French Church in the City of Khemes. This AlTembly depofed Arnulph, as guilty of Treachery, and a troubler of the publick quieti and they fubftitute Gi/^fr* in his place, who had been School-mafter unto Kohert. Afterwards Hugh confines him to Orleans with Charles of Lorrain, there to end his days in reii.

The Prelates of France in this Synod, made a Declaration, that the Popes have nothing to do to ufurp the power and authority of Kings. Amah, Bifhopof Or/e(»«j-,maintained in that Synod, that the Popes have no power at all over the Biihops of France, Co as to have any cog' nizancc of Cafes belonging to them: and he declaimed moft ftoutly againft the avarice and corruption of the Court of Rome.

Seguin, Arch-Bi[hop oi Sens, was fent alfo to Orleans ^ to be im- prifoned, becaufe he confented not freely to thedepofition oi Arnulph.

Fope John 12. being difpleafed with Hiigh,{ot that he had not ap- pealed to him for his confirmation in this new Royalty, difanulleth this Decree of the Council oi Rhemes , excommunicates the Bilhops • which had aflified, reftores Arnulph, and deprives Gilbert of the Arch- biflioprick- oi Rovan, and to temper this fliarp and rough pro- - ceeding with fome lenity, he doth invert Gi/ifrt with- the Arch- biOioprick of Ravenna, And this was a means to raife him to the dig-. • nity of Pope, .

Thee

76 X"^ Ccrteftamcal l^tfto?^ Cent. lo.

ifei — -■ _____

TheAfts of this CoaticW of Khemei undei Hugh Capet ^hzve thefe

Rhemen^is? ^»- words. Poor Koifie .' what clear lights of Fathers haft thou brought

""930. forth in the time of our Predeceffors > what horrible darknefs haft

thou poured out upon our times, which will redound to our (hame

and diflionour in future Ages ?

The Pope threatens his curfe againft Hugh , and his Son Kohert, The King returned Anfwer,that he had done nothing in contempt, bit that he was willing to juftifie what He or his Bifliops had done,if it ple^- fed the Pope to meet him at Gratianople^on the Frontiers of Italy and France, or, if rather he would come into France, he promifed to receive him with the highefx honour. The Pope fent his Legates into France^ Gerehert, Arch-Bifhop of Khemes, fent an Epiftle unto Seguift fore- Morn. inMyft- mentioned (who was faid to favour the depofed ^rw.'f//;/?) the tenour, iniqu. whereof is. It became your worthinefs , to efchew the craftinefs nf

deceitful men, and to hear the voice of the Lord, faying. Here is Hift. Magdeb. in Chrifl, or there is Chrijl, foVorv not. One is faid to be in T^ome, who Aais sjnodi. juftifieth thofe things which ye condemn, and condemneth thofe things which ye think juft. God faith, If thy Brother offend againjl thee , go andrehukehitn. How then fay fome , that in the depofition of Ar- fiulpb, we (hould have waited the determination of the Komip Bifhop? eanthey fay, that the Judgement of the BiQiop of Kome is greater than the Judgement of God ? But the Prince of the Apoftles faith. We miifi obey God rather than Man. St. Taid alfo cryeth , If any Man Treach mtto you otbenvife than r»hat you have received: although he were an Angel from Heaven, let him be accurfed. Becaufe Pope Marcel- linw offered Incenfe unto Idols, (hould therefore all Bifliops offer In- cenfe ? I fay boldly, that if the BilliOp of Kerne hirafelf fin againft a Brother, and being often admonifhed will not hear the Church \ even the Kotnan Bidiop according to the command of Chrift , (hould be efteemed as an Heathen and a Publican, for the higheft rife hath the loweft fall. And if he think us unworthy of him, becaufe none of us affenteth to him., when he judgeth contrary to the Gofpel , he cannot therefore feparate us from the Communion of Chrift , feeing even a Tresbyter, unlefshe confefs, or be convidV, (hould not be removed from his Office, &c. The Priviledges of St. Feter (faith Leo the Great) are not, where Judgement is not exereifed according to Righteoufnefs. wherefore occafion fhould not be given unto thefe our cnvyers , that the Priefthood, which is one every where, as the Catholick Church is ■one, fliould be fubjedt unto one Man, thzt if he be corrupt with Mo- ■ne'y, favour, fear or ignorance, none can be a Prieft, except whom thefe virtues recommend unto him. Let the Law of the Catholick Church be common. TareAvel, and fufpend not your felves from the facrcd Myfteries.

Pope John had intelligence of this Letter, and fumnioned the Bi-

fliops

Cent. iG. Of FRANCE. 71

(hops of Frame unto a Synod, tirft at Rowf, then at Ah^n. ThejBi- fhops anfwered , They were not obliged to go cut of their own Country. At laft he named Manfon on the borders of France: where only Cerebert appeared, and boldly maintained the caufe of the French Church: fo that the Legate Leo could do nothing without new in- ftrudiions from the Pope, fave only that he appoisted another Synod at Khemer ■, and in the mean time he fufpends Gerebert , who wrote the Apology of the French Church, as his Epiftle \xnt.%Wilderodon Bi- (hop of Argentine^ tellifieth.

Gerebert excelled in Learning , and came afterward to the Roman Chair, and called by the name of Sihejier the fecond : he was promoted to that dignity by the Emperour Otho.

Hugh Capet having reigned peaceably nine years , died Novemh, 2 2<,- pp5. leaving. his Son Ro/ifr* his fucceflbur j a Prince wife , refolute, peaceable and continent : he is faid to have been Learned , a lover of Divinity and humanity. They fing Hymns of his Invention, the which thus beginneth. 0 Conftantia Martyrum mirabilk j the which bearing refemblance with the name of his Wife Conjiance, he was woii- derfully pleafed with the humour (he had to be honoured with his wri- tings, being then greatly efteemed throughout the World.

He preferred virtue before the prerogative of primogeniture, and caufed Henry^ his younger Son, to be Crowned in his life time, decree- ing by his will that his eldcft Son Robert fliould content himfelf with- the Dutchy of Burgundy , doing homage for- it to the Crown of' France,

IN the beginning of this Century, Armld Earl of Sens , ufed great Fjblan'.chrouici Tyranny among the Bifhops and Minifters of the Church. Here- upon LeofricKs, Bifliop of that See, through the advice and aid of Reginald Bifhop of Parii, put out the faid Arnold , and delivered- the City unto King Rohm. But the Brother of the faid Arnold , witii divers of his Knights, fled to the Cadle, and held it by force. Then .-the King belieged the faid Caftle, and took both it and Fromend , the

Brother'

7 2 Xfte ecciefiafttcai ^i(lo?v cent. 1 1 .

Brother of Arnold^ and fent him to Orleam^ where being imprifoned he dyed (hortly after.

This Kobert builded the Caftle of Mtuntfort : He founded alfo di- I- vers Monafteries and Temples, at Or/ed«/ the Temple of St. Avian, at Stamps a Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and many other in di- vers places of his Realm. And he endowed the Church of St. Vettis with many great priviledges, and had fpecial devotion to St. Hypolite-^ above all other^aints.

At this time flouriQied FK/ia-/, Billiop of C^^rf re/, a very learned Man: Sundry Sermons and Treatifes that are amongft the works of •St. Aujiin are faid to be his. He wrote an Epiftle to Adeodatus, where- in he fir ft rcproveth a grofs opinion of fome Men, who held that Bap- tifm and the Eucharift were naked figns. Then he proveth that thefe (hould not be coniidered as meer and outward ligns , but by Faith ac- cording to the invifible vertue of Myfterles. The Myftery of Faith -it-is called, faith he, becaufe it fhould be efteemed by Faith, and not by fight, to be looked into fpiritually , not corporally i the fight of Faith only beholdeth this powerful Myftery, &c. Then he illuftrates . the fame by comparifon of a baptized Man, who albeit outwardly he „-,. be the fame he was before, yet inwardly he is another, being made

greater than himfelf, by enereafe of invifible quantity , that is , of fa- ring grace, d^c. Here is no word of fubftantial change of the Ele- ments-, the Bread is ftill Bread : But we find two other changes, the Faithful are tranfpofed into the body of Chrift , and Chrift is infufed into the habitation of a faithful Soul ■■, yet fo, that ChriftV body rc- maineth in the Heavens ; and by the Revelation of the Spirit faith be- Bibiiotli. pjrtde holdeth Chrift prefent,or lying in his Mother'/ bofom, and dying, ri- ebigneTom. 3,-^jig^^j^j afcending : and he entreth into the gratious habitation of a ■ faithful Communicant, and many waies refreOieth him. Here alfo we fee, that the fubftance of Bread remaineih, as the fubftance of him who is Baptized remaineth, albeit inwardly he be another.

Some fay, that Fulbert compofed many Songs in praife of the Virgin

Mary ; and that he built a Temple and dedicated it unto her.

Hiftorians alfo do feign, that Fulbert being fick was vifited by the

Hift. Magdeb. virgin M^ry , and that (he cheriftied him with her own Milk.

,a>>t.ii. ^ impudent forgers of lies ! O foolifti Mortals , who gave credit to

fuch palpable lies.

Kir)gKohert dyed Amo lo^i. His Son ff^o^ fucceeded him; and reigned 33 years. In his time the Realm of Burgundy had an end in the pofterity of Bq/o«, and theEmperours of Germany challenged the light and title of it.

KobertDakeoi Normandy, had maintained the Hereditary love of

- ' his Father with King Henry , greatly relying upon his friendfliip.

Having lelblved upon a longiand dangerous Voyage to the Holy-land,

he

Cent. II. df FRANCE. 73

he intreated him to take the protedtion of William his Baftard Son, whom he had made his Heir, excluding his lawful Children. Koben fettled his Eftate before his departure, appointing him good Govcr- noars, and putting the ftrongefl holdi, and treafure into their hands. Hobert dyed in this long Voyage beyond the Seas, at the City of Bythi- nia; having before his departure commanded the Lords of Norman- dy, and fworn them, and Kobert Arch-Bi(hop of 'Rovan , to perform their Allegiance unto his Son William, and to take him for their Lord and Duke, if he return not again.

when King Henry had fettled his Land in quietnefs, he then builded the Monafteryof St.Martin,cMedT>esChampj,h£[idesFaris, and fet therein fecular Priefts. King Htwrj/ after he had reigned 3 1 years dy- ed, and was buried at St. Venif.

Anno 1045. Gregory VI. created O^i/o Abbot of Cluny, Arch-Bifhop of Lyons, fending him the Pall and the Ring, which he received , yet ■ '

without accepting the dignity, faying, he would referve it for him that ' '

fhould be chofen Arch-Bi(hop.

Berengariw a French-man, Deacon of St. Maurice in Anjou , was the Difcipleof FW^^rt. He was the iirft that was accounted an Heretick for denying of Tranfubll:antiation,and troubled for the fame. In his days it was broached, that the Bread of the Eucharift was the very body of Chrift, and the Wine his Blood, fubftantiajly or properly. Berengariui on the contrary , taught that the Body of Chrift is only in the Heavens, and thefe Elements are the Sacraments of his Body and Blood.

Adelman Bi(hop of Brixia wrote unto him. In the beginning he faluteth him as his holy and beloved Brother, and Con-difciple under F«/ifrt Bi(hop of CWtrf/. Then he(heweth, he heard it reported, that Berengariui did teach, that the Body and Blood of Chrift, which are offered upon the Altar throughout the Earth, are not the very Body and Blood of Chrift , but only a figure or certain fimilitude, howbeit indeetl Berengarim had faid nothing fo. To the intent /ldel~ Wi»« may bring his Brother from this opinion, he entreateth him not to depart from the Dodlrine of their Maftcr fulbert, and of the Catholick Church. Then he appealeth to the teftimony of Ambroje , AugMfline znd Hierome [^who never taught the Doctrine of Tranfubftantiation.^ Hewritethalfo, that the very Flcdi and Blood of Chrift, was given unto the Apoftles at the firft Inftitution, and are ftill given unto faithful Communicants. ^^e/;Mij«enlarged much on this fubje<f}.

W hat anfwer Bfre«gijr;»f did return to him, we find not. But he wrote an Epiftle to La«/M«i^, declaring the abufes of the Sacrament, and commending tift Book of Jahn Scotits upon that queftion. And ^ift/in!" ' ^ he wrote exprefly, that the Body of Chrift is not in the Sacrament, . •

but as in a fign, figure or myftery. He (pake alfo in his Preachings a-

L gainft

74 %fit eCtUMfiml^mit Cent. 1 1.

gainft the Row///:' Church in the Dodtrine of Marriage , and neceflity of Baptifm, And Bellarmine witneffeth, that BereHgarm called the Church of Rome the malignant Church, the Council of vanity ,and the feat cf Satan, and he called the Pope, not Fontificem, vel Epifcopum^fed^ pmipijicem, & Fulpipcem,

It happened, that L;?/;/>-a«/;_ was not at home, and the Convent o- pcned the Letter of Berengarm, znd fent it with a Clerk of Khemes, unto Pope LfolXi The Popefummoned aSynodat Tifrcp/^j-. Beren- gijiv.'tf wasadvifed not to go himfelf to the Synod , but fend fomc Clerks in- his name to anfwer for him. The two Clerks were clapt in Prifon. i^wt/w was condemned 200 years after his death, and the Dodrine of Berengarm was condemned, yet nothing done againft his Perfon at that time, becaufe many favoured him, Lanfrank^ pleaded for him : but he was commanded by the Pope to anfwer him , under Retries. ch.Hift. tio Icfs pain than to \yS reputed as great an Heretick as he. Lanfran\ \ ffw.,ii.. following the fvvay of the World (for afterwards he was made Ar^h-Billiop of Canterbury by WzUliam the Conquerour) performed . the charge.

Cuiunund, Bifhbp of^i'er/^, wrote more bitterly, and lefs truly ^ againft Berengar'm.

Neverthekfs Berengarm abode conftant , and was in great efteem > both with the Nobility and People : And therefore Pope Vi&or the fccondj.gave direction to the BiQiops oi France, to take order with him, . The Pope's ArabafTadours wereprefent at the Council, and B^- reHgarius^nCwexed, that he adhered to no particular opinion of his ■ own, but he followed the common Dofirine of the llniverfal Church, that is, faith he, as the Fathers, Primitive Church, and Scriptures have taught. This gentle anfwer mitigated the fury of his Adverfaries : , yet he perfifted in his own opinion i and for this caufe Lanfran\ objedi- ed againft him, that he deluded the Council of 'tours with general ' and doubtful words, icon- Afterwards, Pope NieW^j the feeond hearing that he was honour- ir.:'perronii. I. ed of many, affembled a great Council againft him at Koine, of 113 Biftiop?, where it was declared and pronounced. That the Bread and Wine which is put upon the Altar, after the Confecration is not only the Sacrament, but alfo the true Body of our Lord Jcfus Chrift. * It fceais they And that not only the Sacrament, but the Body of the Lord is ^ fenfu- mesw ftufibiy . gjjy ^^^ jj^ j^^jji^^ handled by the hands of the Prieft, broken and brui- .

fed by the teeth of the faithful.

y^httiBerengarm with many Arguments defended, that the Sacra- ■ ment fto fpeak properly) was the figure of ChriftV body, and Cardie nal AlbericHs, viho was nominated to difpute againft him,couId not by . voice refift him ■, and neither of the two would yield unto the other, t^ jl, <,! ^^' ^'' Allm-im fought the fpace of feyen days to anfwer in writing. And

' " at.L

Gent. 1 1. Of FRANCE. 75

Gratian <Je con'

at laft when difputationxrould not prevail againft him , he was com- manded to recant, or elfe he muftexpedl to be burnt. They prefcri- bed to him a form of Recantation of his errour as they called it. The fec"it''dm. Recantation was penned by Cardinal Humbert, and is regiftred by Gratian. Neverthekfs the words of the Recantation are far from Tranfubftantiation.

Thefe are the words fo far as they concern our prefcnt purpofe, Maffon? Atmai; faithfully tranflated. IBerengariu?, rfo confent to the Apofiolick^aftd^'^'^'^' '' ^' Txeman See^and with my Mouth and Heart cotifeji, that the Bread and Wine laid on the Altar, after the Confecration , are not only the Sacra' ment, but the very body and blood of our Lord Jefus, andfenfibly, not only in Sacrament hut in truth, are handled rviih the hands of the Friefi^ broken and chewed with the hands andT'eeth of the faithful.

John Semeca, the Gloffitot of the Decrees, exprefly condemncth the words of this Recantation, and faith. If thou underftandeft not the words of Berengaritu foundly , thou (halt fall into a greater Herefie than he did ; for we break not ChriftV body into pieces, nift in fpeciebus. uler de fuccefC

Berengarius returning home, returned alfo to his former Dodlrine, ^" * ' and wrote in defence of it. Some have written, that Bfrf«gijr/«f de- nyed the Baptifm of Infants : But Arch-Bifliop Vlher faith, that in fo many Synods held againft him, we never find any fuch thing laid to his charge.

lllyricw gives this Chara(3:er of him , "tempore LeonU noni , circa 1049. Berengarius, Vir pietate & eruditione Claras, Andegaverifts Eccle- fu i>iaconns,qHum videret Fontificios VoUores quam plurimos ingenti fajltc "tranfubftantiationvi fundamenta fternere, quod mentem Augujlini & aliO', rumVeterum non intelligerent , fed Sacrament ales & Hyperbalicas non- vld. ThevttvlM Mullas locutiones ad novum fenfum inducendum detorquerent , veram fen- iJftfes°U "«" tentiam ex Orthodoxo confenfu repetitam his corruptelU oppofuit , & verba Vei T'efiimoniifq; Veterum Iheologsrum refellere conatus eft , fcriptU etiam & evulgatU libris, ut pii in vera Vo&rina confirmarentur, Catal. "teft. Verit.lib. 22.

Berengariuf dyed (holding his firft DoArine) at tours, in the Ifle of St. Cq/;«tf, and was buried at St. Martins, where his Tomb was reared : and Hildebert Bifliop of Cxnoman, and then of tours , and made his Epitaph, which William of Malmesbury hath fet down. And ■this is a part of.it.

^uem modo miratur, femper mirabitnr orbis.

Me Berengarius non obiturus obit. Cuil. Matmst.)

Huemfacrx fidei vefUgia fumma tenentem, do Geft-Angior.

Huic jam quinta dies abliulit, an fa nefas, Ula dies damnofa dies, & perfida mundo, ^a dolor & rerum fumma^ruina fuit,

L 2 ^«4

q6 %^t etatumM ^tco?^ cent, i p.

^a Status Ecclefu^ qua (pes, qua gloria Cleri,

^actfhorjnriryjweruenteruit. Tofi obitum fecumvivam, precor ac reqHiefcam,y

Nee fiat meliar forsmea forte fud^

Tlatina calleth Berettgariuf , famous for learning and holinefs. He

mm. in vit.. was a great friend to learning, and bred. many Studeats of Divinity at

foanp. 13. j^jg proper charge , and by means of them his Doftrine was fowed

through all France , and the Countries adjacent.. This was matter

unto his adverfaries to envy him the more. Albeit he did waver as

Peter did > and although his Dodtrine was fo often condemned by the

Popes, yet it could not be rooted out of the minds of men : for Mat-

Mjth.ParisHift^/jfjyP^jrixwriteth, that all France v/3iS affedied with this Dodrine,

Wett^n'. " and Matthew of JFeflminfter at the fame time faith, That the Dodrine

oiBeren^arm had corrupted all the Engli[hjtalian and French Nations:

So that the Berengarianr, that is, the Preachers of the; true Faith,

(which the Ilom.?«ij|j' call Herefie) againft the rifing errours did not

lurk in a Corner.

sIgeB; Gembiac. And Sigf^frf in his Chrouicle faith, that there mere many difputati-

chroni, ons among divers perfons, both for him. and againft him., both by

word and Ly writing. „, „.- . Ihitanui zKo hzth noted, thzt'in Germany were many of the fame Epiftt.bed'icat! Dodrine j and that BTOHflBifliop of Tr^z^^'rj', banithed them all out of his Diocefs, but fparing their Blood. And John "to^ngtom Fts^n- cifcan,in his confellion fet forth Amo 1380. faith thus. The Heretical fentence which is raifed of the dreams of Berengar'm affirmetb openly,, that all the Fathers of the Church, and Dodors of the fecond thou- fand years (as they fpeak) that is,' who have beea within 380 years- have been after the loofing of Satan, and the Dodrine which we (faith yibor-ca.- 3. ^"^3 hold to be the Faith of the Church •, concerning the bleffed Eu-- charift, they fay it is not right, but an errour and hereile , and the tares of Satan being let loofe.

To defend the words of the former Recantation, which was given- in.the Synod at L<Jifr^« unto BeM«g«r?a*,thefeflattereis of the Komijh Idol have devifed a new diftindion of oral manducation, viz. That oral eating is either vifiblc or invifible. And they. called the. opinion- of eating ChriftV fle(h vifibly, the errour of the Capemaitei^ and they ,. faid, the eating of ChriftV fleih with the mouth invifibly , was the.

explication of Chrift. But the Fathers of higher antiquity condemn- ed all oral eating as Capernaitifm ; neither were the Capernaites fo fubtle, as to make fuch diftindions : yea furely Chrift would have rnadehiscorredionaccording to their errour. Mark what St. .^«- fy"g'j;i,J/^'"'^"g#iwfaith,whoabideth not in Chrift, and in whom Chrift abideth not, without all doubtj hs.neither fpiritiially eateth ChriftV flefli , nor

" ~' "" " ' dxlnkv-

Cent. II. Of FRANCE. jy

drinketh his blood, albeit carnally and vifibly he with his teeth do prefs- the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Chrift. AndT'raS.aS. whatis it ? They are Spirit and Life, they are fpiritually to be underlloed ; Un- derftandefl: thou them fpiritually ? they are Spirit and Life. Underftan- deft thou them carnally ? fo alfo they arc Spirit and Life, but not to thee. They underftanding fpiritual things carnally, were fcandalized.

Here St. Augnpn'e oppofeth carnal eating unto fpiritual eating , and he faith, that carnally men eat not the fle(h of Chrift, but the Sacra- mentcf his flefh.

P;5>;7?p the firft, fucceeded his Father Hewry. This He'wrjr had cau- fed his Son Yhili^ to be crowned King being but feven years old, and- gave him Baldivin Earl of Flanders , for Tutor and Regent of the Realm. He lived but a little time after his Son'/ Coronation. The King'/ Minority pafTed quietly by the wife government of Baldwin, who having accompanied his Pupil to the Age of 1 5 years, dyeth, and' leaveth him his Realm inpeace. Baldtvin \tit two Sons ^BaldmnznA. Robert with their Mother Kkhilde. Then their Uncklc Kohert the FrifoM, pretended the Inheritance to belong to him , and fupplanting- his Nephews, feiieth-on the Earldom of Flanders: and King ThHip forfakes Baldncin's Children at their need, forgetting, the good Offices he had received from their Father.

Now Witliam Duke oi Normandy is received Ring of Fngland^ and- Crowned in afolemn AlTembly of the E«g///& , and homage is done: unto him as their lawful Lord, Anm \o66. He had encouhtred King- Harold and overcome his Hoft, in that place where afterward was buil- ded the Abbey of Battle in Suj^ex.

The day after the Battle very early in the morning, OioBifhopoP B<j/>Kx fung Mafs for thofe that were departed, being flain in the Battle.

Beforethis time Priefts were forbidden to marry , but could not be reftrained from their liberty.

In the Year 1074. Pope Gregory VII- otherwife Hildehrand in a Sy-- nod atRflwe, condemned all married Priefts as Nicolaitans. He di« re&td his Bulls (as they called them) to BiQiops , Dukes , and other' Powers, declaring every one to be no Prieft, that had a Wife. His- Bull was fent into Italy and Germany. This Decree being proclaimed through all I//*/)', he fent many Letters wnto the FrfMc^ Bifliops, com- manding that they (hould upon pain of an everlafting curfe, put away- all the Women from the Houlcs of Priefts. But the refidue of the Clergy ftoutly withftood the Pope'/ decree, and would not agree thereunto.

Then there arofe fuch a Schifm in the Church, that the people: wpuld not fend their Priefts unto the Bifhops, but did eledl them a- rnongthemfelves, .and put them in Office without the knowledge of the Bifhops, And JV^ac/fm faith, that both Priefts and people did-

oppofe-

%t^t ccclefiafticai l^iftojv Cent. 1 1.

■'J ■ — — — — ■ — — — — ■ — .

oppofe the PopeV decree,and that not only in Germany, but in France alfc. Yea Gebuiler, a late Papift, teftifieth, that in thofe times .24 Bi- (bops in Germany and frame, with their Clergy, did confiantly main-

: tain the liberty of Priefts marriage. If other Nations had followed the like concord and conftancy of thefe German and French Minifters,

' the devilifh decree of this Hildebrand had been avoided.

' About this time at Z^3«fe/; a Letter was prefented unto a Clerk, as

dircded from Hell ; in it Satan and all that fry, gave thanks unto all

■.Math.ParisHift- the PopKh Clergy, becaufe they vyere not wanting to do their wills

and pleafures, and becaufe by negligence of preaching they had fent fo

many fouls to Hell, as no Age preceding had fcen fo many.

After the death of Hildebrand^ViUor the third. Abbot of Cajfa, was made Pope, not by the Election of the Kotnam or Cardinals , but was thruft in by the aid of his Harlot Mathilda, and the Normans that were of his fadtion.

He being eftabliflied, began to defend Grf^orie>3 pranks, againft the Emperour and others. But the haftinefs of his death , {hortned his malice.

when G?<'gor)' and Fic7or were dead, the Biftiops of Germany zr\6. FM«(;e, confideringthe calamities of the Church, by that unhappy fchifm, met at Gur\lung, to end the controverfie. There Conrade Bi- AvMt.Annal. ^[^0^ ^f ytrecht made a long Oration in the Affembly. The Papal party had chofen Gehhard Bifhop of Salisburgh, to fpeak in their name, but when he heard the Oration of Co«M«/e , he would not open his mouth to fpeak on the contrary.

At length a Synod was convocated at Mentz , whither came the Emperour, the Eledors, and many Dukes, Pf/f)" Bifhop of Fortua, and Legate of Clemens , and many Bi(hops of Germany and France, There the fadion of HiWf^riZ«^ by common fufFrage was condemned, as contrary unto Chriftian piety, and a decree was publifhed , that all Chriftians (hould (hun the company of thofe accurfed perfons.

Hildebert Arch-Bi(hop of fours, lived under Fhilip the firft King of France. At that time the Kings of France fumifhed the Churches with Paftors after the death of the Incumbent. Then Hildebert ap- proved the prefentation made by the King to a certain Bifhoprick of his Realm, commending him in this manner. I congratulate mth ver- Review of the ^*^' ^^'^^ ^^"^'^ ^^'^ reveard under our King. He hath found that the counccCTieat poreer of a King pines more bright by gifts and liberality, than by the P' ^y^' Scepter, and that it is not fufficient for a Prince to fiir up his Subjerrs,

to tvell'doing by Examples, unlejlthey be alfo provoked by rewards. Hence it is, that your good manners were honoured by a great Priefthood. The difpofition of the King was found and prudent, confidering, it could not better provide for the Church than by placing you in it.

At

Cent. M. Of FRANCE.

19

At this time Jw Arch-Biftiopof Chanres'm'Franze ^ after he was eleded by the Clergy, was prefented to the fame King WtU^ the firft, . and received his Inveftiture, and pafloral ftaff from him , upon the refufal of the Arch-Bi(hopof 5e«j-, he wasconfecrated by the Pope, whereat the faid Arch-Bi(hop was highly offended, infomuch that He ■*

with other Bifhops at the Synod of Eliampes, were upon the point of revoking the faid confecration made by the Pope, as prejudicial to the Kiing'j- Autliority. See here what the fame Bithop faith of it in a Let- ter unto Pope 'Z7riijB. Moresver^l give your Hol'mejs to xvit ^ that *'^^f t gEpift.**! Afch-Bi(^Jop of Sens being infatuated by theCoitnfel of the Bijhop of Vii'iS, having fiiinmoned the faid Bijhop of Pixis^ and two others of the fame bumonr (viz, he of Meaux and He of Troycs) did very indifcreetly aecufemethis prefent Tear^ becaitfe of the confecration which I had re- ceived from you •■, faying that 1 had offended againji the King^s Majefty^ by attempting to receive my confecration from the See Apoftolicl^

This Vrban the fecond , forbade theBifhopsof France to Crown iToEplft; 134; - King Thilip^ whom he had excommunicated : but they were readier to obey their King' J- commands, than his prohibition. In the Council of Clermont in France (faith Matthew Paris) held Jnno 10^4. Pope Vrban ^Vu.'a'"'* "* excommunicated Tbilip King of France.

And another E«^/{/^ Authour faith, In this Council the Pope ex- w>il. Malmsfe^' communicated King PM//' of Fr<z»ce, and all fuch as (hould call him ''"'** their King or their Lord, and which (hould obey him , or fpeak unto him. In like manner Ivo BiHiop of Chartrex fpeaks of them both. By reafon of this accufation King Fhilip was excommunicated by Pope Vrban at the Council cf Clermont , and having refumed the fame Wife after he was divorfed from her , he was afterwards ex- communicated at the Council of ?oi£iiers by the two Cardinals. John and Bennet. Notwithftanding which Excommunication he was Crowned by the Arch Bifhop of fours in a full Affembly of 0- ther Bifliops.

Know you therefore (faith the fame Bifhop of Chartres in a Letter ivoEpift.jS. ai of his to Pope Vrban) that contrary to the prohibition of your Legate^ Urban. fecwd, the Arch-BijJjop of Tours hath fet the Crown upon the Head of the King. He fpeaks afterwards of the Eledion of a Bifhop, made at the fame time by thofe who were affembled with the faid Arch- Bilhop.

In another Epiftle written to the fame Vrban, he (heweth him how Fhilip had fent Ambaifadours unto him with prayers in one hand, and threats in the other, fuch as thefe. That the King and Kingdom would relinqnijh their obedience to him, tmlefs Ik did reftore the King untg his Crown, and 'abfolve him from the fentence of Excommunication. And aftetwardshe advertifeth him. How the Arch-Bijhop 0/ Rhemes, Sens W Tours, had by injunUjon from the King , appointed their fuffragan'

8o ^t ettMmtal^i&Oll^ Cent. II.

<*-"-- — ———.———— — ' — ^

Bilhops to meet at Troyes, the firji Sunday after All-Saints day, after be jhould have returned his Anfwer,

whence we colled two things, i. ThattheBifhopsof Fr^weedid notceafe to acknowledge their King, nor to obey him, and commu- nicate with him, notwithftanding the prohibition from the Council of Clermont. 2. That they were very ready to put in Execution thofe threats which the Ambaffadours went to make unto the Pope, in cafe he did not condefcend unto the King's pleafure.

The fame Ivo complains of the Pope's Legate , becaufe he had chofen the City of Bloyes, there to decide the caufe of the Clergy of Chartres, who could not repair thither with fafety by reafon of the populoufnefs of that City.

Thefame Biiliop having a controvQrfie with fome of his Clergy, depending before the Arch-Bithop of S^ns^ his Metropolitan, intreats him to appoint a place for Judgement, whither they might go and . come in fafety.

The Legate fore-mentioned, having appointed a Council,conCfting of French Bifhopsto meet at Sens, for the abfoUiticn of King Tbilip the firfi, from the Excommunication which was darted out againft him by the Pope, by reafon of his unlawful marriage , he gives him notice that he might have done better, to have proceeded to tvoEpift.i({<s. that abfolution in another place than Sens, that fo every one might have had means to fpeak his opinion freely.

The fame Biftiop of Chartres continuing his devotion to Pope Vrhan, Id«m.Ep.ft.n6. ^^^^ ^^^ Eledion of an Arch-Bi(hop of Khemes , alTureth the Pope that one was chofen, who was very zealous for the See Apoftolick, ad- ding afterwards. Noi3>hoiv necejfary is itfor the Church 0/ Rome , to place in that Sec a Miniver, rvhich is devont and affeQionate unto her , it is not for me to inform your Wifdom, which kjionis very weV, that this See veears the Koyal Diadem, and fervesfor a pattern to aU other Churches of France, either of Kuine or KefurreHian.

This Ivo of Chartres, although he had received his Inveftiture from King P^i%) yet inasmuch as he had gotten his confirmation from Pope Vrban, he was always affedionate to him , and the Koman See, even to the prejudice of the King and Kingdom , as may be collected ftom fome of his Epiftles. t E 'ft io ^" ^^^ contrary becaufe Lzipiu had gotten the Abbey of St. Teter de Terriers in the Diocefs of Sens, by the donation oi Charles the bald, he was always loyal, and even brags of it in one of his Epiftles.

It happened, that there cam.e a Fre«(;& Pilgrim to Jer:;falem , called

Tho Fuller Hift. ^^*^'' ^'^ Hermit, born at Amiens in Trance-, one of a contemptible

of the holy War perfon, yet a man of a quick apprehenfion, and eloquent Tongue, and

lib. I. ca. 8. jjjjg jj^^j ^jj counted very Religious. With him Simon the Patriarch

of Jerufalm often treated , concerning the prefent roiferies of the

Chriftians

Gent. II. Of FRANCE. gi

Chriftians under the Turks, what hope of amendment, and how the matter might be fecretly contrived, that the Princes in Europe might affift and relieve them. Teter moved with the Patriarch'/ perfwafi- ons, the equity and honourablenefs of the caufe , and chiefly with a Vifion(as they fay) from Heaven, took the whole bufinefs upon him, and travelled to Rome, to confuk with Pope Vrbaa the fecond , about the advancing fo pious a defign.

Some think, that the Pope firft fecretly employed this Hermit to be his Fador, and to go to Jerufalem to fet on foot fo beneficial a Trade for the Church of Kome i becaufe the Pope alone was the gainer by this great adventure, and all other Princes of Europe came off lofers.

Pope Vrban had called the Council of Clermont in France foremen- tioned, where met many Princes and Prelates to whom he made a long oration: which was to this cffed. Firit, he bemoaned the mi- feries of the Chriftians in 4/i j, and the vaftation of thofe holy places. Next, he encouraged the Princes in the Council to take Arms againft Tyriu5ii.i.c. i>. thofe Infidels-, and to break their bonds in fundcr , and to call; their cords far from them (as it is written) to tafl out the Handmaid and her Children,

Otherwife,if they would not help to quench their neighbours hou- fes, they muft exped the fpeedy burning of their own. and thatthefe barbarous Nations would quickly over- run all Etcrope.

Now to fet an edge to their courage, he promifed to all that went this Voyage, a full remiffion of their tins, and pennances here, and the enjoying Heaven hereafter. Laftly, he thus concluded, Gird your Swords to your Thighs , O ye men of might : It is our parts to pray, yours to fight ; ours with Mofes to hold up unwearied hands to God , yours to ftretch forth the Sword againft thefe Children of Amaleck^ Amen.

This motion wasmoft chearfully entertained, fo that the whole - Affemblycryed out, Godmlkth it: A fpeech which was afterward fj^f,^^]'- ■^"' ^^ ufed as a fortunate Watch- word in their moft dangerous dcGgns.

Then many took a crofs of red cloth on their right (houldcr , as a badge of their devotion : And to gain the favourable alliftance of the 'Virgin Mary to make this War the more happy, her Office was inftitu- ted, containing certain prayers, which at Canonical hours were to be made unto her.

Oneobferveth, that it is enough to make it fufpicious , that there werefomefinifter ends in this War , becaufe Gregory Vjl. otherwife fj„*i" bei" called Hildehrand (and by Luther in his Chronology , Larva Viaboli.) the worft of all that fate in the Papal Chair, firft began it : but death preventing him, Vrban the fecond fwhom Cardinal Benno called Twr- •i>ani for troubling the whole world} effected it.

M Now

s 2 xi)e eccleftaftical ^iOtn^ Cent. 1 1 .

c

Now a grcar controverfie was in Chriftendom about the iiivefli- fure of Biftops, whether the right lay k the Pope, or in fecular Princes. '

Now the Pope diverted this queftion cat of Princes Heads, by opening an ilTue another way, and gave vent to the activity of their fpirits in this Martial employment , and in the mean time quietly went away without any corrival. concluding the controverlie for his own profit.

Moreover, he got a Mafs of Money by it. He had the office to bear the bag, and what was put into it,as contributed to this adion from pious people, and expended but fome few drops of the fliowers he received.

As the Pope, fo moft of the Clergy improved their Eftates by this

^mii. degeft. War: For the fecular Princes who Went this Voyage, fold or morga-

Ftanc.p, ios>. gcd moft of their Eftates (lelling for Gold, to purchafe with Steel and

Iron) and the Clergy were generally their Chapmen. Godfrey Duke

of Bovillon, fold that Dukedom to the Bifhop of Liege , and the Caftic

of Sartenfy and Monfa to the Bilhop of Verdun. Baldxvmhis Brother

Daniel in Hen- {qU him the City of Verdttn. Yea by thefe fales the third part of

the Feoffs in France^ came to be poffefTed by the Clergy , who made

good bargains for themfelves, and had the confcience to buy Earth

cheap, and Heaven dear.

Many Prelates and Fryarsleft their paftoral Charges and Covents tO' follow this bufinefs.

T-he total fum of thofe pilgrim Souldiers amounted to. three hun- dred thoufand. The French, Vuteh, Italian and E»glilh, were the four Elemental Nations , whereof this Army was compounded. But France contributed more Souldiers to this Army than all Chriftendom belides. The fignal men were Hugh, firnamed le Grand , Brother to the King of France. Godfrey Duke of Bevillon , Baldwin and Eujiace his younger Brothers i Stephen Earl of Bloys, Father to Stephen after- wards King of England j Ksymund Earl of Iholoufe i Kobert Earl of Flanders j Hugh Earl of St. Fattt; Baldwin de Bnrge^ with many moret bcfides of the Clergy Aimar Bifhop of P»>i, and Legate to the Pope, and William Biihop of Orange.

Out of the fartheft parts of Italy^ Boemund Prince of I'arentum, and Taj/cre^ his Nephew, (both of the iy?i»-;Mtf» feed, though growing on tlie ApHliaK'[oy]) led an Army of twelve thoufand Men. Many Souldiers alfo went out of Lomhardy,

■ E«g/,3«<:^ alfo (the Pope's pack horfe in that Age) fent many brave Hien under Kobert Duke of Normandy, Brother to JViUiamKufas (now King of E^g/"*?/^ after the Death of his Father) as Beauchamf and 6- thers whofe names are lofl. '

All thefe Princes being calkd up by Pope Vrhm^ gatheied togethei

great

ssii^

great Armies at dirers times and places unto that War. After many difficulties, and the lofs of msmy men they arrived in Pzleftirte^ and Je- rufalem was won by the Chriftians, and twenty thoufand lurk^ there- in (lain on July 1 5 , Anno 1 op8. *

Kobert thtNsratan refufeth the Kingdom of JerufaUm , and God- frey of Bovillott is chofen King. In this choice, that they might know the nature of the Princes the better, their Servants were examined on Oath to confefs their MafterV faults. The Servants of Godfrey pro- tefted their MafterV only fault vras this , That when Mattens were done, he would ftay fo long in the Church , to know of the Prieft the meaning of every Image and pidlure, that Dinner at home was fpoiled by his long tarrying : All admired hereat , and unanimoufly -chofe him their King.

In the latter end of this Century, Brant ^ Chanon of the Church of Colen and Khemes ^ bare the praife of Learning and Holinefs , and was Mafterof the Schools, by whom the order of the Carihfffiatts was begun.

The C/]ier(7MM Order was begun >^»«o I op8. by Robert , Abbot of Molifma, as Sigebert faith.

Godfrey o( Bovillon dyed, having reigned one year, wanting five days. After his death, the Chriftians with a joynt confent fent to Baldwin his Brother, Count of Edejfa , ( a City in Arabia , the Lord whereof had adopted this Baldtvin to be his Heir) and entreated hina to accept of the Kingdom, which honourable oifcr he coyrtcoufly em- braced, Anno 1 100.

He was a Prince of the largeft fize, higher by the Head than his Subjefts 1 Bred he was a Scholar, entred into Orders , and was Pre- bendary in the Churches of Khemes, Liege , and Cambray , but after- wards turned fecular Prince, but Baldwin put not off his Scholar-fhip with his habit, but made good ufe thereof in his Reign.

M 2 Cent. 12^

84 ^fte ecdeftadiral ^iHtoii^ Cent. i^.

Century XI I.

A'

Nm iroj. Vope Tafcal the fecond, gathered a Council at Troyes in France, to throw out of the hands of the Empe- rourHMryV. the right of Inveftiture of Bifhops.

In the beginning of this Century, Great Hugh of Franse was buried at 7arfiif in Cilicia, Duke Guelpbo zt Paphos in Cyprus. P/fwo the Arch-Bifhopof ^^//ziarg;^ fawhis own Heart cut out, and Martyred by the Tsri^j at C/j£))"j2i«, fo manythoufand Souldiers weie c.onfumed with Plague, Famine and the Sword, that Cofirade, Abbot of

chfpnico 1%S> '^'■-//"'^ ^^° ^^"^ 3"^ w^o"^^ t^is Voyage, faith, God manifefted by 19. ' '• the, event, that this War was not pleafing to him.

Kabbi Solomon Jarchi^zhiined French Jea>, who hath commented on the whole Bible, to whom Lyra is beholden for the Hebrew, dyed Anno 1105.

Thilip King o{ Fraacf haviag refigned his Crown to his Son Lewes at Orleans , and caufed him to be Crowned Ring , dy? th at Melun, Anno iioj?.

Calixtus the fecond, before called Guido of Burgundy., defcended- of

, the Kings of E«g/i«i and France., fucceeded Pope Gelafms. He was

chofen.Pope at CUigny in Frame by a few Cardinals, whom Gelafm had

brouglit with him, yet was Pope Grfg^r)' alive , whom the Emperour

Kimfelf had created. . ._ ^ -.y

Calixius bcfiegeth Siatrium, a Town where Gregory was, ^ and having taken the Town, and his fellow Pope, he caufed feimto be fet upon a Camel, with his Face to the Camel's Tail , fo he was brought through theflreetsof K^we, holding the Tail in his hand inftcad of, a Bridle.: and afterwards being (horn he was thruft into a Mo- naftery.

This Pope Calixtus w^s the firft that eftabliflied the decrees of the Papal See, againft the Emperour. He held a general Council at Khemes, End decreed thatPriefls, Deacons and Sub- Deacons fhould put away their Concubines and wives : and whofoever was found to keep his A/Hife,fco,uldbe deprived of,Eene£ce, and all other Ecclefiaftical li- ving, whereupon a certain F.ngUjh Writer made thefe Verfes following, .

0;

Cent. 11. Of FRANCE. SS

0 btne Calixte,nunc (mtnis Clerus odit te, -

^ondam Fresbyteri poterant Vxoribns uti. Hoc dejiruxifti, pojiquam tuPapa fttifii^ Ergo tuum merit o nomen habent odio.

He fate five years, and ten months. Honsr'm the fecond- fucceeded him. In the time of this Honorim , Amulph a fingular preacher of Chrift-ian Religion flourillied. Hugo ^ Flathia and SabeHicm {iy , he was Bifnop of Lions in France. 'Trithemim faith he was a Prieft, whofe Hiftory I will briefly fet down. Arnulph, was a devout , and zealous Man, a worthy preacher; Coming to Kome^ he rebuked in his preaching the diirolutenefs,incontinency , avarice , and pride of the Komijh Clergy, provoking all to follow Chrift and his Apoftles , rather in theii-^overty and purenefs of Life : by reafon whereof this man Was well accepted and liked of the Nobility of Kome, for a true Di» fciple of ehrift : but of the Cardinals and Clergy he was no lefs ha- ted, than favoured of the other i infomuch that privily in the night feafon they took him and deftroyed him. This his Martyrdom f faith he^ was revealed unto him before by an Angel, he being in the defert when he was fent forth CO preach. Whereupon he. thus fpake unto thera publickly. I.know (faith he) yefcek my Life, and will deftroy me.privily,becaufe Lpreach to you the truth, and blame your pride, avarice, incontinency, with your unfatiable greed inefs in getting and heaping up richeSj therefore you are difpleafed with me.

I take here Heaven and Earth to witnefs, that I. have preached un- to you that which I was commanded-of the Lord, but you contemn me and your Creator, who by his only Son hath redeemed you. And no marvel, if you feek my death, being a finful man preaching to you the truth, whereas if St. Peter were here this day , and rebuked your vices, which do fo multiply above meafure, you would not fpare him neither. Andashe was faying this with a loud voice, he added, for ray part I am not afraid to fuffer death for the truth's fake,but this I fay unto you, that God will look upon your iniquities, and be avenged of ypu. You being full of all impurity , play the blind guides to the people committed to you, leading them the way to Hell. Thus the hatred of the Popifli Clergy being incenfcd againft him for preaching, they confpired againft him and killed him. Sabellicus and Plathia fay, p^^ ^^ ^.^^^ that they hanged him, and others that they drowned him. All num. ad'ann. the Clergy were defamed for his death i the Pope took it ill, but he "5'' revenged it not,

H/7</f^frt forementioned, Arch-Bifhop of T'w/rj, about this time wrote many Epiftles : in one unto an Earl going in Pilgrimage , he coademneth Pilgrims for vifiting of Monuments. Anil fpeaking of

the.

8^ Cfte eceieftafttcali^tfto?? Cem. n.

the Komam^t, he faith their bufinefs is in eafe, their prey is in peace* their fighting is in fleeing, and vidlory in cups ; they regard no naanf nor order, nor time : they are in Judgement Scythians, in Chamber vi- pers, at Feafts peafantsi in underftanding ftones , in refpedt of anger fire, to forgive iron, in difcretion pratling Daws ■■> in friendfhip Pan- thers, in deceit Foxes, in pride Bulls, to devour Minorants. He wrote to Honorm H. refuting appellations to Row?, becaufe it was a novelty contrary to the Scripture, and very hurtful to the Church. He {heweth the condition of Kome briefly in two Verfes,

Morn, ia Myft. ^^jj, jTck/wc, fj vet Vomims mbs ilia careret,

Vel VominU ejfet turpt carere fide.

He was apprehended, andimprifoned at Kome.

King Lewet called a Council of the Lords and Bifliops of France^ at the City of Orleanf, where, of the Bifhop of the fame place, he was~ folemnly anointed and Crowned, but not without the grudging of the Arch-Bifliop of Khemei. The Frf«c& begin to fall from their obedi- ence, and rebellions are kindled in divers places of his Realm : and the places near unto faris began thefe firft revolts ; his Reign was very troublefome.

He had crowned his eldeft Son Thilip, who going to take the Air on Horfe-back,an Hog pafled under the Belly of his Horfe, which being feared threw him down, and bruifed him fo, that within few Jays after he dyed. Then King Lewe/ marrieth his Son Lewes to the Heir of Cnienne. He made Henry., his third Son, Biihop of Beavois , another P/>////> Arch- Deacon of Paw, Pef f r Earl of Coartney , Robert Earl of Vreux, and married his only Daughter CoMf?<»«« to Keimund Earl of 'tholoufe and St. Giles. Leaves the grofs having thu» fettled his Chil- dren, dyed ^;2«<7 1 137.

His Son Leivej VII. fucceeded him , and reigned three and forty years, his long reign was nothing happy, and contains in it nothing that was memorable, but that the foundation was laid for a long cala- mity for France.

After tht death o( Baldtvin,K.\ngo£ J^rufalem, Baldwin de Bttrge his Kinfman, was chofen King.

This Baldwin was a proper Perfonage, and of able body, barn nigh Khemes in France, Son to Hugh Count of Kofier. He was very charita- ble to the poor, and pious toward God v witnefs the brawn on his hands and knees made with continual praying , valiant alfo, and ex- cellently well feen in martial affairs.

After the death of Arntii^h^ Patriarch of Jerufalem^ Guarimond born in France fuccecd ed him. «' About this time the two great orders of Templers and Teutonicks

appeal-

Cent. 12. Ctf FRANCE. $y

appeared in the World, The former under Hugh de Taganie^ and Gatt- fred of St. Omer their firft Founders. They agreed in profeffion with the Hofpitalkrs, and performed it alike, vowing poverty , chafiity and obedience, and to defend Pilgrims coming to the Sepulchre. It is falfly fathered on St. Bernard, that he appointed them their rule, who prefcribeth not what they (bould do, but only dcfcribeth what they did.

At the fame time began the 'teutonich^ Order, confifting only of Dutch-men well defcendcd, living at Jerufalem in an houfe , which one of that Nation bequeathed to his Country- men that came thither en Pilgrimage.

King Baldwin was afterwards taken prifoner , and Eujlace Grenier^ chofen Vice-Roy while the King was in durance, ftoutly defended the Countrey. Bi^Wwiw a little before his death renounced the World, and took on him a religious habit. He dyed not long after, ii/z. in the thirteenth year of his Reign, and was buried with his predeceffours in the Temple of the Sepulchre.

FhIc9, Earl of I'owrj, Mam and Anjott, coming fome three years be- fore on Pilgrimage to Jerufalem, there married the King'/ Daughter, he was chofen the fourth King of Jerufalem.

He was well nigh do years old. By his firft Wife he had a Son, Geoffery of Flantagenet, Earl of Anjou, to whom he left his Lands in France, and from whom our Kings of Englandatc defcended.

Fulco having reigned eleven years with much care and induftry, was TytiujiiB,ir5j flain as he followed his fport in hunting. Ihomas fuller brings him in "' "''' thus fpeaking his Epitaph.

A Hare Ihunted, and T>eath hunted me.

Ihe more my fpeed rvai, was the worfe my fpeed : i^," rib°.I,

For as veet-mounted I away did flee, ^eath caught andkilPd me failing from my Steed. X(?t this mijhap an happy mifs I count. That fell fram Horfe^ that I to Heaven might mount,

Baldwin the third fucceeded his Father. He was well learned , e- fpeciallyin Hiftory, liberal, witty and facetious. His mother Mille- fent continued a Widow, and as for Children's- fake (he married once, fo for her Children's- fake (he married no more. St. Bernard and (he often converfcd together by Letters : He extolled her fingle Life.

This St. Bernard Abbot of Clarevaux, or Clareval, was famous in that time. He often complains of the defedion of the Church.

He (harply rebuked the vitious lives of Bi(hops and Abbots. Yea, he did not fpare the Popes, as appeareth partly by what he wrote Bera.ip.*.'

unto

unto Pope EugeniiK, and unto Innocent the fecond. And for his liberty Epift. 178. Apo. in fpeaking againft theerrours of his time, he was reproached, fo that Aifbat. ' "™" be was conftrained to publifh Apologies , where he faith , that they called him the moft miferable of Men , one who prefumed to judge the World, and by the fliadow of his bafenefs infult over the lights of the World.

And he faith there, that he was like to be killed every day, and was judged as a (heep for the ilaughter ; yet neverthelefs he was not afraid y to fpeak of their vices, becaufeCfaid hej melius (f,i ut fcandalnm orium

tHf^ quam Veritas relirtquatttr ; It ii better that a fcandal Jhould arife^ than truth (fjonld be relinquiflied. Who at the beginning when the order of Monks began (faith he) could think that Monks would be- come fo naughty ? Oh hovv unlike are we to thofe in the days of An- t/Jony> did A/^camwlive in fuch a manner ? did Eaf.l teach fo ? did Anthofty ordzln fo ? did the Fathers in Egjy/'t carry themfelves fo ? how is the light of the World become darknefs? how is the fait of the Earth become unfavoury ? I am a Lyar f faith he) if I have not feen an Abbot having above fixty horfes in his train : when ye faw them riding, ye might fay, Thefe were not Fathers of MonafterieSjbut Lords of Caftles ; not feeders ofSouls, bur Princes of Provinces.

They have carried after them their Table-Gloths, Cups, Bafons, Candlefticks, and Portmantua's ftuffed not with ftraw , but ornaments of Beds, fcarce will any of them go four miles from his houfe , but he muft have all things with him, as if he were going into a leaguer, or thipugh a Wildernefs, where neceffaries could not be had. O va- nity of vanities ! the Walls of Churches are glorious, and poor folks are in necellity.

Yet may it befaid, that Bernard was a follower of the Popes. I an-

fwer,ycs-, he gave them 'all the Titles that others gave thetn: but fee

what blows hegave them,asappear£th by what he wrote to hinocen-

tiuf^audEiigeniuf^ he lays on them the blame of all the wickednefs in

the Church, In rites he was carried'with the fway of the times , but

his Doftrine was far different from the Tenets of the Church of Kome.

Bern, Eplii. 91. In one of his Epiftles he writes thus. I would be in that Council,

ccngr^"" '""^^ where the Traditions of Men are notobftinately defended, nor fuper-

flitioufly obferved, but where they fearch diligently and humbly, what

is the good, perfect and acceptable will of God : thither am I carried

with all my deiirei and there would I abide devoutly.

inTraa.deprs- And elfewhere he faith, many things %vere devifed and ordainedi

rept.& Difptnf. not becaufe they might not be otherwife, but becaufe it was fo expe-

dient,andcertainly but for conferving charity; therefore fo long as

the things do ferve charity , let* them fiand without change; nor

can they be changed without offence, no not by the Rulers.

But coiitrarily, if they be contrary unto charity, in the judgement

Cent. li. Of FRANCE. 8^

of fuch only unto whom it is granted to overfee, is it not clearly moft jufl;,that what things were devifed for charity, (hould alfo be omitted, or intermitted for charity, when it is fo expedient? or Cat leaft) that they be changed to another thing more expedient : as on the other fide, certainly it were unjuft, if thefe things that were ordained for charity, be held againft charity. Let them therefore hold faft that which is immoveable.

The fame Bernard informs us , that then was held a Council at B^^n. de conff- Rhemef^ wherein the Pope was prefident. And faith he , Brethren I <fer. ad Eugtm- tell you of another Synod, where the Lord God will fit in Judgement, "'"''•^' where we muft all (land, and there will God judge all the World. Here Con earth) unrighteoufnefs is (hut up- in a bag i but in that Judgement God will judge righteoufly : and there we muft all appear whet^ier he be a Pope, or a Cardinal, or an Arch- Bi(hop, or a BilTiop, or poor or rich, or learned or unlearned , that every one may receive according to what he hath done ih the body, whether good or ill.

Moreover, he faid unto the Council , that the Impcfthume was fpread through all the body of the Church, from the fole of the Foot to the Head, the Bride was fpoiled, and even they that were called the Bridegrooms of the Church, were not the friends of the Bridegroom? And the Council fo far took with this rebuke , that fome Adts were made for Reformation, though no reformation followed.

About that time had been Parted that opinion concerning the Vir- gin Mary^ viz. of Univerfal freedom from original fin : which opinion had been in the minds only of fome private perfons, but yet was not come among the ceremonies of the Church, nor into the minds of the learned. About the year 1136. theChanonsof LjoK/durftlirft bring it into the fervice of the Church. St. Bernard flourilhingat that time for piety and learning, before all the Divines of that Agei and fo im- moderate in the piaifes of the bleiTed Virgin, that he calleth her, the neck^ of the Church \ as if by her all Grace did flow from the Head i neverthelefs he (harply writeth againft thefe Chanons , that without reafon, and without example of tbrmer times, they had brought in fo dangerous a novelty. He confeffeth, that they had matter enough to commend the bleffed Virgin \ but fuch ambitious novelty Cwhich is the mother of fondnefs, the fifter of fuperftition , and daughter of levity) he faith, could not pleafe her. „ .„ .

Bernard d.yea m the 63. year of his Age, Anno 1 153- Frota errmg vixitqae poft Ber»i»r(^ that frequent proverb of writers erring drew it's Original, 7)?o'^i"R™mi^i Bernardus non vidit omnia: neither is it a wonder, feeing he flouriftied Ty,«nniJem. in the darkeft midnight Cas it were) of Popery. He is much commen- po^^if^*"'^"'"' ded by divers learned Proteftants : as by BiiV»op Mortff«,Bifliop Carleton, c ri r co r f VoJJius and others. He hath folidly difputed concerng the chief Heads EccieC contr. * of Faith, of the Scriptures of the Church, of the mifery of man , of ^'[j^^"^^}'**- ^

N freea'.:i. "^'

9 0 %\^t ecckftaKical "^x^m c^nt. i r.

-«, ■ ■ — — ' ~ ' ' ' " ■ — — — _

free juftification, of grace, of new obedience, with the Catholick Church againft the Tridentine Fables, fo that nothing can be found morefolid. In the Council of Khemes forementioned (where were affembled 424. Prelats) thefe five principal a6ts were concluded.

1. That no Man {hould either buy, or fell any Bifhoprick, Abbot- (hip, Deanry, ArchDsaconlhip, Priefthood , Prebendfhip, Altar, or

Monuin. any Ecclcfiaftical promotion, or Benefice, Orders, Confecration,

Church-hallowing, Seat or Stall within the Quire , or any Office Ecclefiaftical, under pain of Excommunication, if he did perfift.

2. That no Lay-perfon (hould give Inveftiture, or any Ecclefiaftical pofleffion,and that no fpiritual man (hould receive any fuch at any Lay- man's hand under pain of deprivation.

3. That no man (hould invade, take away, or detain the goods or poiTeffions of the Church, but that they (hould remain firm and perpe- tual, under pain of perpetual curfe, •

4. That no Bifliop or Prieft (hould have any Ecclefia(^ical Dignity or benefice to any, by way of inheritance. Adding moreover, that for Baptifm, Chrifm, Anointing, Burial, no Money (hould beexa(3:ed.

5. I*ifJK, That all Priefts, Deacons, and Sub- Deacons, fliould be ut- terly debarred and fequertrcd from com.pany of their Wives and Concubines , under pain of excluding from all Chriftian Com- munion.

The Ads thus determined were fentfoon after toHenryihc Empe- rour, to try (before the breaking up of the Council ) whether he would agree to the Canonical Eledions, free confecration, and invert- ing of fpiritual perfons i arid to other Ads of the faid Council. The Emperour maketh anfwer, that he would lofe nothing of that Anti- ent Culiom, which his Pro'genitors had given him : Yet becaufe of: the authority of the general Council, he was content to confent to the refidue, faveonly the inveflingof Eccleliaftical fundion to be taken from him, unto that he would never agree. Upon this, at the next returnof the Popeto the Council, fiTrar); the Emperour was excom- municated. ""

In the Year 11 42. Pope Eugenm came to PiZcjSt, where that he might ufurp the right of inveftiture, and deprive the King of it, he. gave the ArchBifhoprick of Bourses, to his Chancellour of the Apo- iiolical Chancery, named Fetcr Aimery without the confent of King, Lewes ^ a Prince very much given to obedience unto the Papal See.. Yet the King was fo angry at it, that he fwore upon the Holy Re- bcks, that never fo long as he lived, Aimery (hould fet his foot in. 'Bi>:tges..

But tl;e Pope knowing the King's timerous nature, excommunica- ted him , put his ferfon iu interdidj and gave order that in France^ m

all

Cent.i2. Of FRANCE. 9,

all places where the King came, divine Service (liould ceafe j and all his Court were deprived of the Comnnunion.

This latted three whole years till St. Bernard c^me to the King, and perfwaded him to receive the faid Arch-Bifhop.

But becaufe by fo doing, the King brake his Oath made upen the Holy Relicks, he was enjoyned for fatisvadion to take a Journey to the Holy Sepulchre in^jn^, to fight againft the Saracens. In which Journey the King loft the flower of the French Nobility, and re- turned afflided and full of confufion , as you fliall fee more hereafter.

Feter Biihop o( Chgny was in great account wiih Vope Etegenm,

Bernard wrote many Epiftles to him : in one Epifile he calleth him a Veffel of Honour, full of Grace and Truth, and endued with many gifts.

The lofs of Edejfa (whereimfij|riflianity had flourifhed ever fince the Apofi:les timesj moved Co«4^PE.mperour of the Wefi, and Leaves VH. fir- named the young, King of Fr^we, to undertake a Voyage to the Holy Land.

Pope Eugenm III. beflirred himfelf in the matter , and made . St. Ber/wr^;^ ftisfolicitour to advance the defign. The Emperour's Army contained two hundred thoufand foot, beiides fifty thoufand Horfe : nor wasthe Army of King Lerees much inferiour in number. In Trance they fent a DiftafF and a Spindle to all thofe that went not Lud. viC with them, as upbraiding their effeminatenefs. But by the way, the G^-fciiiw Emperour did them all pollible mifchief, by mingling lime withtheir meal, by killing of (iraglers, by holding intelligence with the 'turks their enemies, by corrupting his Coyn , fo that the Dutch fold good Wares for bad Money, and bought bad Wares with good Money, by giving them- falfe conductors, which trained them into danger, To that there was more fear of the guides than of the way.

The King of France followed after the Emperour, and drank of the fame Cup at the Grecians hands, though not fo deeply, till at laft, Hnd' ing that thofe who marched through ths Contitient, met with an O- cean of mifery, he thought better to trufi: the wind and the Sea than the Greel{.t^ and taking fliipping, fafely arrived in Falejiine , where he was welcomed by Keimund Prince of Antioch. Some weeks were fpent in entertainment, and viliting holy places, till at laft, E//a;;or Tho.FulIer holj Wife to the King of Fmw^, who accompanied her Husband, made ^'^^'"•^'''•*' Religion her Pander, and plaid Bankrupt of her honour,under pretence of Pilgrimage, keeping company with a bafe 5i»r.ice«- Jcikr, whom Hie preferred before a King.

The Emperour and the French Kingbefiege Vamafcus : but fome of the Chriftians corrupted with ^Tar)^?^ Money, perfwaded the King of

N 2 F'^'ance

Paul. ^mi!. m)

9 2 5Cl)e eccleftaftical ^idojV Cent. n.

France to remove his Camp to a ftronger part of the Walls •, which they long befieged in vain, and returned home at laft, leaving the Ci- ty and their honours behind them. The Yrench Proverb was verified of this Voyage ; Much brait^ and little fruit. Many thoufand Chrifti" ans periflied in this adventure.

The French King coming homeward , was taken prifoner by the Fleet of the Grecian Emperour, and refcued again by Gregory, Admiral to Koger K\r)g of Sicily. When he was arrived in France^ his Wife was in open ParHamcnt divorfed from him. He gave her back again all the Lands in F>-J«cf which he had received with her in portion. Herem he did nobly, but not politickly, to part with the Dukedoms of PsiHoK and Aqnitain^ which he enjoyed in her right : for hereby he difmembred his own Kingdom, and gave a torch into the hands of Henry II. King of Fngl and (^viho afterwards married her) to fet France entire. St. Bcr«jri/wascondemnei«Eiong the vulgar tort for the murtherer of thofe that went thSBroyage i and it was an heavy Eein. it coBfi- affliftion for his aged back, to bear the reproach of many people. In er. ;. 3. a. i. j^j^ {^qqJ^ ^f Consideration he maketh a m.odcli defence of himfelf, whi- ther we refer the Reader. Upon the departure of the Emperour Conrade , and King Lexves , Noradine the "tu^rk, much prevailed in' Palefiine.

Teter de Braif. a priefi at Thsloitfe, preached in fundry places againfr' the Popes, and the Doflrine of Ivowf, calling the Pope the Prince of Scdom,znd Komehe called Babylon, xhe mother of Whoredoms and' confufion. He preached againft the corporal prefenceof Chriftin the Uor«. myft. 1- ggcrament, againft the facrifice of the Mafs.he condemned the worihip ""'"' ef Images, prayers to Saintsjfingle hfe of priefts, pilgrimages, multi-

tude of Holy-days, c"^c.

The fore- named Feter, Abbot of Clugny wrote againft him. Thi? Teier de BritU began to preach about the year 1 125. eui'erni. lib. 5. After him, his Difciple Hc-wj, a Monk, continued preaching the •a. 5- fame Dodrine. GKi/frw, an Abbot, writing the life of St. Bernard

faith of this Henry, That he denied the grace of Baptifm unto Infants^ he defpifcd the prayers and oblations for the Dead j the excommuni- cation of Priefts j thepilgrimage of Believers i the fumptuous buil- dings of Churches •, the idlenefs of Fefiival-days •■> the confecration of chrifm and oyl, and all the ordinances of the Church. He flieweth tliem that the people fent for Bem.ird to come againft him , but he refufed until ^/ifricwBifliop of Oiiia was fent Legate againft him, and he perfwadeth Bernard to go with him to Iholoufe. And then Bfc/wr^ wrote his 240. Epiftle unto HiWf/a/(/ff.f, Count of St. Giles a- gainft this Henry. Certain it is (as the proverb is) Bernard faxv not aU tl}ings, and howbeit he wrote bitterly againft him, yet he commendeth him.asa.learned man , and he was. foreverencedjthat the people did'

follow.

Cent. 12. Of FRANCE. 93

follow him. T>e Bruif was burnt at Iholoufe , and Alberkus carried Henry into Italy, Their Books were burnt.

In Paleft/ne King Baldwin was poifoned by a Jewi(h Phyfician. And Almerkky^xothQi to King Baldrvin, fucceeded to the Crown. In the Church of yer^/a/fwz on e^/wmc/^ was Patriarch , a French-man born, thougii little fit for the place.

King ^/wmc^ againft his promifeinvadethE|[y/'f, but his perjury was punifhed with the future ruine of the Kingdom of Jemfalem^ and himfelf dies of a bloody-flux.

Baldwin his Son, the fourth of that name, fuccecdeth. This Bali- TvinW, had excellent Education under William Arch-Bifliop of Tj're, a pious man, and excellent Scholar, skilled in all the Oriental Tongues, befides the Pk?c^, and the Fre«c& his Native Language, a moderate _ p li and faithful Writer: For in thelattter part of his Hiftory of the holy Hift.HoiyWar.-, War, his eye guided his hand, till at laft the taking of the City of Je- '■• =• "• 3*« rufalem fo (hook his hand that heltrote no more.

Treafurer he was of all the Money's contributed to the holy War v Chancellour of this Kingdom, employed in fereral Embaffies in the Wefi\ pre(entat the Lateran Council, the Afts whereof he did record.^ Cardinal he might have been but refufcd it.

Lewes the French King caufed his Son Fhilip to be crowned' at Rhemes^ at the Age of 1 4. years. Anno 1 1 7p. He betroth ed him to Ifa- W the Daughter of BaWrriw Earl oi Henault. King Lewes having thus difpofedof his affairs, died Anno 1 180.

The Title of Afiguftus was given to Fhilip his Son and fucceffour.- In the beginning of his Reign he purged the corruptions that were ' then prevalent among the people, viz. Blafphemies, Plays, Dicing- houfes, publick diffolut^nefs in infamous places. Taverns and Tipling- houfes. He expelled the y^a'/ (difperfed throughout his Kingdom, and given to griping ufury ) and albeit they obtained a return for Money , yet in the end he banifhed them out of all the Territories of France,

The Patriarch of yfn</i(/e/B being arrived in France^ Anno 1184. with the Prior ©f the Hofpital of Owfrfwfr, and the Grand Mailer of Rigordusdegt^- the 2VOT/)/jrj-, to demand fuccour of King Vhilip Augu\hts againft the gi^?™''''' '*""'■ Saracens^ he fent out a Mandamus to call a general Council of all' the Arch- Bifhops, Bifhops, and Princes of the Realm, which was holden in the City of TarU. Fhilip alfo calls a Parliament at FarU\ they difwade him from the Voyage, but he fighteth againlt all difficul- ties. Great charges were impofed upon fuch as went not the Voyage, to pay the tenth of all their revenues, both Temporal and Spiritual, called for this ocaCion, the SaladinesT'enths.

Richard I. K\o§,.oi England^ and King P/ji///) of Fr<J«ef, laying alide their private dilTentionSj uaite their forces againft the Jwr^T.

King

in Ricard. i.

94 %^t ecclefiaiJicca i^tao?^ cent. 1 2.

King Kicha)-d wzs accompanied with Baldwin Arch-Bifhop of Can- ierbury^ Hubert BiOnop of Sam bury^KobertEzrl of Lekefter , Ralph de ClaHvil, hte Chief- Juftice of England, Kichard de Clare ^ J falter de Kme,&c, HisNavyhcfent about by Spain, and with a competent BUmber took his own Journey through France. Roger HoveJon At 'XoHrs hc took his Pilgrim's Staff and Scrip from the Arch- Bifhop. His Staff at the fanr.e time cafually brake in pieces , which fome conftrued a token of ill fuccefs. Likewife' when He and the Trench King palTed over the Bridge of Lyons, on the fall of the Bridge this conceit was bulk, That there would be a falling out betwixt thefe two Kings, which accordingly came to pafs.

. At Lyons, thefe two Kings parted their Trains , and went feveral ways into Sicily. At Mejfana in Sicily, thefe two Kings meet again, where King Kichard beheld his Navy fafely arrived. Tankred , a Baf^ard born, was at this time King of 5icz7j, who fecretly applyeth himfelf to the French, which King mchard eafily difcovered. Mean time the Citizens of MeQamAlA theEngliJh much wrong: wherefore King Kichard wok Mejfana hy zffsult, feized on mofl Forts in the I- fland. lanh^edgzve. to our King what rich conditions foever he de- manded, to pacific him.

Worfe difcords daily encreafed betwixt the Kings of England' and France, King Kichard flighting the King of France his Sitler , whom he had promifed to marry. King Thilip hafled prefently to VtolemaU^ Kichard followed with more leifure, and took Cyprus in his way. Cur- fac reigned then in Cyprus, who killed the Englijh that landed there. But King R?c/;:«ri/ fpeedily over- ran the Ifland , bound Curfac with filver fetters. The Ifland he pawned to the Templars for ready money ■•, and there took to Wife his beloved Lady Bmwgar/j, Daugh- ter to the King of Navarr.

The City of Ttolemais was taken, the Houfes which were left, with the fpoil and Prifoners , were equally divided betwixt Fhilip and Kichard, Here the Englijh caft down the Enfigns of Leopold Duke of Jujiria, who had fought fo long in affaulting this City , till his Ar- mour was all over gore- blood, fave the place covered with his belt. But King Kichard afterward paid dearly for it. King 2l/cW^ cau- fed feven thoufand of his 'Lurkijli Prifoners to be put to death , and Saladine in revenge, put as many of our Captives to death. But the French King referving his Prifoners alive, exchanged them to ranfom fo many Chriftians.

F/jz///' the Frf?;c/' King, Odo Duke of 'Burgundy^ Duke Leopold y mcft of ihtVittch^ all the Gemans and Templars, lide with King Conrade. King Kichard, Henry Count of Cbawpaigjie, the Hofpitd'ers, Venetians, and Yifans, take part with King Gziy. But King Conrade^s fide was much weakned by the departure of the" French King.

About

Cent. 11. of FRANCE. 95

About that time Conrade King of Jentjalem was murdered in the Market-place of Tjre. _ i^ o

Now King Gny exchanged his Kingdon:i of Jtntfalem for the J^ fland of Cyfrm^ which he had redeemed from the "templars^ to whom he had pawned it. Henry of Champaigji was chofen King by the procurement of King Kichard^ who after many notable exploits done in Valeftine^ and a peace made with Saladine , in his return palling through Germany in a difguife, was taken Prifoner in Aufiria, fold and fent by Duke Leopold to Henry the Emperour. At laft he was ranfc med for an hundred and forty thoufand marks, a fum fo vaft in that Age, that to raife it in England, they were forced to fell theirChurch-? plate to their very Chalices.

After this Money, Feter of Blois made an Apoftrophe to the Duke, er Emperour, fending this good prayer.

Bihe nunc Avaritia, Dum pHteos argenteos^ Larga diffundit Anglia, lua tecum fecunia. Sit in perditionem.

And now thou hafejl Avarice,

Drink till thy Belly burji •, Jf^hilfl England pours, large filver (bowers,

To fatiate thy Ihirjl, And this rve pray, Ihy Money may.

And thott be likg accurfl.

King Richard after eighteen Months imprifonment returned- info "England. And in /4«/fr/'<? the Duke with his Money built the Walls- of V^ienna. But God punillied the Dominions of Leopold, with rire. and water, and by famine, for the Ears of Wheat turned into- Worms: A Gangreen feized on the Duke's body , who cut otfJiis- Leg with his own hand, and dyed thereof: who by his Will caufed- fome thoufand Crowns to be rertored again to King Richard, Soon after, Henry King of Jer^fftlem, as he was walking: in his Palace, felt- down out of a Windiw, and broke his neck,

Roger Hoveden tells us, that near about this time ^ nhere was in the City of 'Tholoufe a great number of Men and Women whom the. Pope's Commitlioners, (z'«. Peter Cardinal of St. Cbryfognn , and the Pope's Legate, With the Aroh; Bifhops bi Narbm, and BituriUm , Reginald Bifhop of Bathe, John Billiop of fidavia , ' Henry Abbot of Clareval, &c.) did pcrfecuteand condeinn for Htreticks : of whom fome were fcDurged naked, fomcchafed away, fome compelled to abjure*: ,r,.> ..

Now

£^_ %Se cccleftamcal !^tao?p Cent.

12.

Now fprang up the Dodrine and name. of them, which were then called Paitperes de Lugdune, which of one lyaldus, a chief Senator in LyoHs^ were named Waldenfes ; they were alfo called LeonijU^ & In- fabbatati^ about the year of our Lord 1 170.

It happened on a day as divers of the principal men of the City affembled together, confulted upon divers matters, that one of the company fell down and dyed fuddenly, the reft of the company look- ing on. This Waldus being terrified at the fight of it, was converted and prefently reformed his Life. He miniftred of his Goods large Alms to the Poor, he purchafed a Bible, itudied the Scriptures,inftrudt- ed himfelf, and his Family with the true knowledge of God's word. He admoniChed all that reforted to him to repentance and amendment of Life. He gave out to them that were ready to learn certain rudi- ments of the Scripture, which himfelf had tranflated into the French Tongue, for he was both Wealthy and Learned.

The Vopijh Prelates threatned to excommunicate him : but he neg- leding thdit\\xC2itx\m%s,(d\A,Ggd mull be obeyed rather than Man. At length they drave both TFaldus , and all his adherents out of the City. The Articles of the Waldenfes , I find in order and number to bcthefe.

1 . That only the Holy Scripture is to be Believed , in matters per- taining to Salvation, e^c.

2. All things to be contained in Holy Scripture neceflary to Salvation.

3. That there is one only Mediator •, that other Saints are in no wife to be made Mediators, or to be invocated.

4. They rejedled purgatory, afferting that all men, either by Chrift are juftified to Life, or without Chrift be condemned, and befides thefe two, neither any third or fourth place to be.

5. That all MaCTes, i/iz. fuch as be fung for the dead , be wicked, and are to be abrogate.

6. That all Mens Traditions are to be rejected, at leaft not to be reputed as neceflary to Salvation, &c. That conftrained Fafts , diffe- rence of Meats, fuch variety of degrees and orders of Priefts , Fryars, Monks and Nuns, fuperfluous Holy-days, f(fciany fundry benedidi- ©ns, and hallowing of Creatures •, vows, peregrinations, with all the Rabbkment of Rites and Ceremonies to be aboliflied.

7. The fupremacy of the Pope ufurping above all Churches , and cfpecially above all politick Realms, and Governments , not to be acknowledged ; neither that any degree is to be received in the Church, but only Bifhops, Priefts and Deacons.

8. The Communion under both kinds to be neceflary to all people, according to the Inftitution of Chrift.

f. That

Cent.i2. Of FRANCE. $7

9. That the Church of Rome, is BabyloH^pokcn of in the KevelatioH^ and the Pope is Antichrift.

10. They reje<9: the Pope's pardons and indulgences.

11. They hold the Marriage of Priefts and Ecclefiaftical perfons to be pious, and neceffary in the Church.

12. Thatfuchas hear the Word of God, and have a right Faitli, are the true Church of Chrift,

jfo^M Arch-Bifhop of Lyonr, excommunicated Waldtu and all his followers. They were difperfed into divers places , of whom many remained long in Bohemia, who writing to their King Vladijlaiis to purge themfel ves againft the flanderous accufations of one Dodor Au- ftin, gave up their confelfion, with an Apology for their Chriftian pro- feffion , defending with ftrong and learned Arguments , the fame which is now received in mofl reformed Churches , concerning Grace, Faith, Hope, Charity, Repentance, and Works of Mercy.

KeyneriuSy an Italian Inquifitor , under Pope Innocent the third, writes of them thus. Among all the Sedts that ever were , or now are, non(; is fo hurtful to the Church, as thefe poor men oi Lyom, for three caufes,

1. Beeaufe it continueth longeft : for fome fay, it hath been from the days of Pope Sylvejler I. and others fay from the days of the Apoftles.

2. Beeaufe it is moft general, feeing there is no Nation where it fpreadeth not.

3. whereas all other are conjoyned with blafphemy againfl: God, this Sedt of the Leonifts hath a great (hew of Godlinefs : for they live juftly before men , and believe all things concerning God, and all the Articles of the Creed : only they reproach and hate the Koinan Church-, and the multitude is ready to accept fuch things.

Rf)'«m«< faith, there were accounted forty Churches defiled with this Herelie, ashecallethit : and inoneParilh they haid ten Schools, vertier in Fard- So He. /''fr«er«x faith, there were fome mort fubtil perfons among cui.Tempor, them, who endeavoured to maintain their opinions. And James de Kebiria faith, Beeaufe they who were called Priefts and Bidiops at that time, were ignorant almoft of all things , it was eailc unto the ^<»We«/e/, being learned, to gaiu the firft place among the people. 9'"''.- ''"*^'^' "^ Some of them difputedfo accurately, that the Priefts permitted them '" to preach publickly.

As for the continuance of this Sed in following times, one having inferted the Confeffion of Faith, which they fent to the King of Hun- gary, Anno 1508. faith. It ditfereth not much from thofe things that are now taught by Some, meaning Luther. And he addeth , that the

O Waldeii-

ril. li. 15.

Jl X5^ ccciefiadical ^ifttnv cenc. n,

JFaldenfes may be better known from that confellion, than by the Ca- talogue of Hereticks, fet forth by Bernard of Lutzmburgh.

Nauclerns faith, that the HTtfites followed the Sed of the Walden^

Thuin Hift. ad fes. And 'IhaaHus faith, that Yeter TFaldics leaving his Countrey wen?

""■'^°' into Belgium indFicardy^ finding many followers j he pafTed thence

into (jfr»7ij«j, abiding a long fpace in the Cities of VandaUa^ and laft-

]y he fettled in Bo/jfwij, where to this day (faith he) they who em'-

brace that Dodrine, are called ficards.

His Companion Arnold went into Aquiuln , and abode in Alhium^ whence the followers of him werE called Albigei^ or Albigenfes. Their liberty of Speech, wherewith they ufcd to blame the vices and diflb- HHi.YnthiL ^i^fenefs of the Princes of France and the Clergy, yea to tax the vices Auguft. and anions of the Popes, this was the principal thing that brought

them into Univerfal hatred, and which charged them with more evil opinions than they had.

Philip Aagujhts intending to declare his Son Thilip. his fuccefTour in M. Joan. Da. the Realm, Called a general Council at Pari/, of all the Arch-Eilfiops, fes meioV/s.^" B''^C)ps, Abbots, together with the principal Lords of his Kingdorn». In this Council they treated of all things' Temporal and Spiritual. whence that appears to be true, which a learned French- man hzth writ- ten long ago, That aniiently the affairs of France, were managed by the Clergy^ and Lay-men joyntly.

' King Fhilip had put away Qaeen Ifabel his Wife, and married Aii^i the Daughter of the King of h'««g<i)3i, who lived not long with him. She being dead, hetook Jfigerberga,Si\\ex to the King of Venmark^^ whom likewife he put away , and in her place married Mary the Daughter of the Duke of Moravia^ yet after a long and bitter contro- verfie upon the repudiation of y;«gf»'l>frg(?, he received her again, and ended !iis days witli her. The King of Venmark^ vehemently purfued Thilip in the Court of Kootp, Thilip prepares his Advocates to fhew thereafons why he had put her away. The caufe was to be pleaded before the Pope's Legate, in the great Hall of the Bifliop's Palace at Be. Serre?Hi^ P<JW, faith , de Serres. In this great Affembly Thilip's Advocates Aagnft! ^'"''^" pleaded well for him againft his wife, but no Man appeared for her. As the Cryer bad demanded thrice, if there were any to fpeak for Ju- gerberga^ and that lilence fliould be held for a ccnfcnt , loe , a young ■ man unknown, fteps forth cf the prtfre,and demands audience, it was granted him with great attention.

Every man's ears were open to hear this Advocate , but efpecially FhiUfs^ who was fo touch't and ravifh't, with the free and plain idif- courfe of this young Advocate, that they might" perceive him to change his countenance. This Advocate having ended his difcourft, returns into the prefTe again, and was never feen more, neither could they learn what he was, who fent him, nor whence he came. The

Judges

Cent.il. Of FRANCE. 99

Judges were ama7ed, and the caufe was remitted to the Council. Fhi- ///) prefently takes Horfe, and rides to Bois de Vincennes ^ whither he had confined Jugerberga : having embraced her , he receives her into favour , and pafleth the reft of his days with her in Nuptial Love.

An antient Hillorian faith , that there was a Council holden at Ricord. deeeft- Soiffom, in which King PWi;^ was alliftent , with the Arch Bilhops, ^'''"P' -'^"2"'** Bilhops, and chief Lords of his Realm, where the point of the di- vorce or confirmation of the King's Marriage with Jugerberga was difcufTed.

After the death of King Kichard I. of England^ Vhilip Augiiiitts Ha- ving fome difference with King John of England , concerning the Dukedom of Guyen, and Earldom o(Poidiers, which Thilip fuppofed to belong to him, becaufe homage was not done for themi and con- cerning tlie Dukedom of Britain, which was confifcatcd unto him by the murther of Arthur, King John's Nephew, whom he had killedi he was fummoned to Kerne by Innocent HI. upon the information madeby jfo^H, fuppofing that the Pope ought to have the determi- ning of their controverfie, by reafon of an Oath upon the fettling of the Lands formerly made between the two Kings , and the violation thereof: concerning which, he writ at large to the Bifliops of France, that they would approve of his proceedings , which was fo well liked by his Succeflburs, that they Canonized his Decretal , which neverthelefs hath been diflikcd by fome Divines. And for the Cam- ^f^^^^^J^^l'^ Ki/Ps, fome of them have faid, that the proteftation which he makes 7j. _ at the beginning of it, contradids the Adiitfelfi inasmuch as he de- clares he will not meddle with the jurifdidtion of Frawce, which ne- verthelefs he did: for the feudal differences being determined by the Peers of FriZ«ce, betwixt Thilip the Lord, and John the Vaifal, yet the Pope would have his Legates to take cognizance of them ; for heark- en how he fpeaks. - That P/?/7//» would patiently fuffer the Abbot of Ca/tfWijf, and the Arch-Bifliop of Bo«rgf/-, to have the fall hearing, whether the complaint put up againft him be juft, or his exception legal. See what learned Cujaciin obferveth upon that Chapter. He protedcth ffaith he) doing one thing, and pretending ,j\nother , not to intermeddle, nor uiurp the cognizance of the Feoffs belonging to the King,which he knoweth to appertain to the King and the Peers of France , but only to have the cognizance of the perjury. And he afterwards adds. All this he wrote to appeafc the Peers of France, ^"'it'defiidic. and bear tliem in hand that he proceeded jullly againrt their King, and extr. put all his Kingdom into an Interdid: upon this occcafion, yet for all that he gained nothing by it.

In this Century, William Arch-Bifliop of Semn , wrote unto the Pope thus. Let your Exceilency, mnfl Holy Father^ hear patiently n-hat

O 2 n*

loo 5Cfte cccieftaiiical ^t&otv cent. n.

rve fay^for our Soul U inbitternefs ^ and fo is your devoted Son , the Mojl Chrii^ian King of France, honv all the Church of France if troubled Tpith fcandals fiomng in time of your Apoflle-Jhip , from the Apojhlical See •> feeing ((W our Nation faith) Satan U let loofe there to the ruine of all the Church j there Chriji U Crucified again^ and manifeftly facrilegious . perfons and murtherers go free^

Peter, a Monk of Paris, being of great Age , dyed Anno 1 1 6y, he commendeth God's Word, and taxeth the idlenefs and impieties of Priefts , the curioOty of School men , the multitude and abufes of MalTes, the multitude of Men's Traditions, whereby the precepts of God are made void : He calleth Indulgences a godly deceit.

Bernard, a Monli of Clugny about that time wrote a large Satyr^ not fparing the Pope nor Cardinals., of which here are foms paiTages.

Pontificalia corde carentia corde prohavit~. Pontificalia corda pecunia eontenebravit , Tontificum jiatus ante fuit ratus, integer ante llle jlatum dabat-, ordine, nunc labat ille labante. §ui fuper hoc mare debuerat dare fe quafi pontemi In Sion,ommbm e\i via plebihus in Phlegetontem^ Stat fib i gloria, pomp a ^ fuper bia divitiarum,. Hoc prope tempore nemo Student fore pons animarumu ^i flat in agmine primus in ordine Presbyteratus, Efl vitio kvis, officio brevU , inguine fraUus.

TEhen of the Popilh Prelats and Clergy, he faith- i

Vos volo credere quod vol o dicer e, Pfeudoproph etas-^ '..

Nulla feracius ac numerofius hac tulit oetas.

His facra mmina, facraque tegmina, corda fuperba.,

Agnus eis patet in tunica^ latet anguis in Herbk ■■,

^tilibet improhus extat Epifcopus : Abba ere atur

Vi, precio, prece : Dignus homo nece fceptra lucratur-,.

NuHus ei timor, haudque fui memor, e(i aliarum

Non fine Simone^ fed. fine Canone. dux animarum.

Biv^rs others he hath of this Nature, which I (hall pafs by.

Peter Abailard fpoke and wrote againfl; the Holy Trinity , and ai- gainrt the Office of Chrift. In the Dodtrine of the Trinity he was an Arian; of Grace, a Pf/<«^ii/»^of the perfon of Chrift, a Nf/foriaa, He was fummoned to anfwer in a Council at Soiffbns, where he did appear but would not, anfwer, but only did appeal unto the Court of Kome^ and djd glory that his books had found acceptaace.there» TheBiftops-

did.

Gent. II. Of FRANCE. loi

did note and condemn his Errour, and the fentenceagainft his perfon they did refer unto Pope Innocent.

Peter Cantor flouri(hed about this time, he was of Paris. He wrote a Book de verba ahhreviato.

In that Booli, he not only taxeth the loofe life of the Clergy, and the negled of their Office, but alfo many other abufcs of the Pope and his Mafs-Priefts. John deVefaUa in his Book againlt Indulgences, writeth that this C<z«t<7r faid, that Indulgences are pious frauds. A- mong other things he (harply taxeth many abufes of the Mafs , efpe- cially the too-frequent multiplication , and prophanation of it : he reprchcndeth the heap and impiety of Topi(h Traditions , faying, that for the Commandements of Men, they made void the Com^ mandetnents of God.

liiigo de Sto. Vidore, was by Nation a Saxon , but Abbot of Su ViBor at Paris. His Works are extant in three Volumns, and many o£ them mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Kichard of St. Vidor, flouri(hed at the fame time with Hugo afore- mentioned, and lived in the fame Monaflery with him. His Work/ are extant in two Volumns. In that he was eikemed for a very learned- Catal. Tift.vei- Man,and was Religious in his outward converfation, he wrote manj "<^- '■''•.'i- things, of which much is loft.

Peter Lombard B'lihop oi Paris^zi this time followed the footfteps of his Brorher Gratian^ and gathered the fum of Divinity into four . -

lS>ooksoi Sentences, out of the writings of theFathers, and he:is cal- ^tft!''^'*"'*'' led, 'the. Majier of the Sentences. Gratian compiled the Pope's decrees, or the Canon- Law.

Thefe two Brethren were the greateft doers in finding out, and efta- blidiing the blind opinion of the Sacrament, that the only fimilitude of Bread and Wine remained, but not the fubftance of them, and this they call the fpiritual underftanding of the myfiery.

Lombard's Sentences were authorized as the Text in all Schools, and to the end that no man from thenceforth fliould fearch antiquity and truth any more from Fathers or Councils, under no lefs danger thanguiltinefs of Herelie.

Hear what Cornelm Agrippa faith of this ScholaHick Theology. It is (faith hej of the kind ot Centaures, a two-fold Dilcipline blown up comeT. Agnpp.'. by the SffrioM of rjrix, with a kind of mixture of Divine Oracles, '•f^anit.fdenc. . and Philofophical reafonings, written after a new form, and far diffe- '^'' '^' rent from the Antient Culfoms, by queftions and fly fy llogifmcs, with- out all ornament of Language, eJ^c. He addeth that the faculty of Scholaftick Divinity is not free from errour and wickednefs. Thefe curfed Hypocrites and bold Sophifts have brought in fo many Here- fies, which preach Chrift,not of good will (as St. Paulizith) but of icoiitention i fo that there is more agreement among Philofophers than

anvong,

^o^ XU^ttlttmmml^imV Cent. 13.

among thefe Divines, who have extinguilhed ancient Divinity with humane opinions, and new errours.

Barthotometv Gravm,z?nntei^t Lovain, in his Preface before his Edition of thefe Sentences telleth us, that he had a purpofe to re- duce all the Teftimonies unto the firft Fountains fincerely : but to his great admiration he was told by the Mafters there it could not be fo v becaufealbei tin their Editions, innumerable places were correfted, yet many errours were as yet remaining and thefe not little ones. And not a few things in the Edition at P^m were changed : not according to the truth of the old Books, but inconjedurci yea, and oft-times the old words were corrupted through an immoderate deOre of a- mending, and in many places the worfe was put for the better, 6^c. And feeing thefe Books have been fo often changed, little credit can be given to any of their late Editions , and that even the Mafter himfelf had not written foundly according to the Fathers which he citeth.

Century XIII.

ALegat came into France^ and commanded King Thilip upon pain of Interdidion , to deliver one Teter out of Prifon, that was Eleded to a Biihoprick , and thereupon he was delivered. In the Year 1 20:5 . John King of England, loft all his holds and pof- feffions in Normandy through the force of the French King.

The Pope had Excommunicated King John, not only for the pari- cide of his Nephew Arthur , but alfo for the ill ufage of his Clergy. King ^ij/jj^ fends confiding men in all haft to Pope Innocent IV. be* feeching him, to proteft him againft the King of France, promifing thereupon to bind the Realm of England^ and Seigniory of Ireland, to hold of him and his fuccefTours, and in fign of obedience to pay him a yearly tribute of a thoufand raarks of filver. Innocent feivis his Legatprefently toabfolve him, to pafs the contra(fi , and receive the homages of Fealty, as well of himfelf as of his Subjects. John is ab- folved, and having laid down his Crown, Scepter, Cloak, Sword and

Ring,

Qent. 13. Of F R A N C E. 103

Ring, at the Legats feet, he doth him homage for the Realm of Eng- land, killing his Feet as his Tributary, and binds the Englifl? to the like duty by a folemn Oath. He was willing alfo to difcharge what he had taken from his Clergy. This was done, ^»«o 12 15.

Then the Legat returning into France, requireth fhilip in the Pope's name, that he fnould fuffer ^o^w to enjoy his Realm oi England in peace, and freely to poffefs the Lands which he held by homage of the Ciownoi France. Moreover that hefliould fatislie the great com- plaints which the Clergy of his Realm had made againli him,reftoring that which he had exafted from them during the Wars, upon pain of Excommunication if he didnotobey prefcntly. P^//?p promiteth to •. fubmit himfelfi and before the Legat's departure, he frees the Clergy of his Realm of the Tenths which he had exaded for the charge of the Wars, according to the decree of a National Council held at S'oiffons.

King Juhn being freed by the Pope, and prelTed by him to perform his command , oppreffeth his Subjcds by extraordinary impoiiti- ons •, and Tyrannical exadlions. The Engliify Nobility there- fore rejed John , and oifer the Realm to King Thilip , who fendeth his Son Lewes , giving him a train iit for his perfon in fo great an exploit.

Lerves having taken Hoftages of the EngUflj, for aflurance of their Faith, paffeth into E»g/iaW, and fo to London ^ where he is joyfully ]yij(f,,.^yg(j^;i^ received. In the mean time complaints come to Thilip {torn Pope ^-fi^bannoizis. Innocent , who in a general Council held at Rome, did Ex- communicate Letves the eldeft Son of fhilip Jiigujha with all his adherents.

King yo^«dyeth, and the Englijh receive Henry the Son oi John^3.nd. diCtnlkLeveiefoi France.. 'J- i

Kw^Fhilip inftituted the Provoft of Merchants, and the Sheriffs at P<7m for the politick Government thereof : hecaufed the City to be paved, being before' very noifome by reafon of the mire and dirt; he built the Halls and thtLoimre. He Walled in Bois de Vincennes , and rcpleni[hed it with Dear and other Wild Beads : he finiflied that fumptuous building of our Ladies Church. In hisTeftament he or- dained many notable things : he left towards the winning the City of Jertifalem III. C- M. pfjunds of Tarii Money i to the Hofpital in Mountfort, one C. M. pounds i and to bediflrihuted among the poor Commons of his Land he gave XX. M. pounds. But a pound of PrfmiMoney was then but two fliillings fix pence /^er/i;;^. King P/ii- iip 6ycd and was buried with great pomp in the Monaftery of St. Dennis, Anno \ 2,23. and Lents VIII. his Sonfucceedfidhim , who was crowned at K^pwf J. ,, ,•,;■•-! 1-

Vo'gc Innocent III. having gathered together an Army of pne hun»

dred

I04 %ljt€ttltM^im^iftOtV Cent. 13.

died thoufand pilgrims, fet forward for the final extirpation of the pour Albigenjts^ The bcft Champions for the Pope herein were the Duke of Burgjtndy, the Earls ofNevers, St. P<jw/, Anxerre^ Gen eva^ Toi- Siers, with Sinmn Earl of Montfort. Of the Clergy, MiL» the Pope's Legat,rhe Arch-Bifhops of Sens and Rovan, the Bithcps of Clermont, Nevers, Lyfieitx^Bayeux^Cbartres^ with divers others : every Bifhop with the Pilgrims of his j«risdi(2ioni to whom the Pope promifed Paradice in Heaven, but not one penny on Earth.

Their work was to deftroy the /ilb/genfes , which were in great .. , numbers in VaulphiHe^ ?rovence^ Narbjn, Jholonfe, and other parts of jyWar,ii.3.ca. FrJ«ce. Their commiffion alfo extended to the rooting out of all *^' their friends and favourers, whether deteded, or only fufpeded j fuch

as were Keimwtd Earl of 7holoufe, Keymund Earl of Foix, the Vice- Count of Beficrs, Gajien Lord of Bern^ the Earl of Bigone , the Lady of laVaur, with divers others-

The iirft piece of fervicethefe Souldiers performed, was in facking the City of Befiers, and Burroughof Carcaffone, in which many of the Fapifis dwelt, and promifcuouily were llain with the Albigenfet. Yea, Priefts themfelves were cut in pieces in their Prieftly Ornaments , and under the banner of theCrofs.

As for the City of Carcajfone, which was not far from the Burrough, whilft the City was befieged , they efcaped out by the benefit of a Vault under-ground, and fo (hifted abroad for themfelves. Hitherto this War was managed by the Pope's Legat.

SmoH Earl of Montfort is now chofen Captain of this Arrry, who fwears to vex the Lord's enemies.

After he was (eized of the Vice-County of Befiers, he took many other Cafllesand Cities.

when the Qu.arantine, or forty days ferviceof this Army was ex- pired (the time the Pope fet them to merit Paradice in) they would not Itay any longer, but ran away. And though the Bifhops perfwaded fome few to ftay, yet could they little prevail, which was no fmall ad- vantage to the Albigeafes.

The Earls of Jholoufe, Foix, and Csmminge^ and Prince of Bern, (hel- tred themtelves under Pe^fr ¥Jmgo£ Arragon, whofe homagers they were, receiving inveftiture from him, though their Dominions lay on this fide the Fyrenean Hills.

This King fufpeded the greatnefs of the Earl of Montfort, therefore he fomented a fadtion in them againft the Holy Army : he charged Earl Simon for feizing on the Lands of good Catholicks, for fuppofed He- reticks, and complained that the Vice-Count of Befiers, who lived and dyed firm iu the Komifh Faith,was lately trained into theLegat's hand, and againfi: Oaths and prcmifes of his fafe return, was kept Prifoner till his death, and his Lands feized on by Earl Simon.

A

Cent. 13. Of FRANCE. 105

,^ . , ,_ . .. . , — *

A pitcht Battle was fought near the Caftle of Afor? * , where the King of Arragon being wounded to death fell from his Horfe , and immediately his Army ran all away. Simon purfued them to the GatesofT^9/(>»/e', and killed many thoufands. The Fryars imputed this Vidory to the Bifhop's Benedidion, and adoring a piece of the ^

Crofs, together with the fervency of the Clergycs prayers, that remain- ed behind in the Caftle of Moret.

Yet within few years, the face of this War began to alter, for young Keimund, Earl of iholoufe^ exceeding his Father in valour and fuc- cefs, fo beftirred himfelf, that in few months ht regained what Earl Simon was many years in getting. And at laft, Earl Simon befieging 7'holoHfe, with a ftone which a Woman let fly out of an Engine , had his Head parted from his body : Some conceived, they faw God's fin- ger in the Womans hand, that becaufe the greater part of his cruelty lighted on the weaker Sex (for he had buried the Lady La Vaur alive, refpe<^ing neither her Sex nor Nobility} a Woman was chofen out to be his Executioner. He dyed even then when the Pope and three Councils, of Vaur, Lateran, and Montpelier, had pronounced him Son, Servant, favourite of the Faith, the invincible defender thereof A- mong other of his ftiles, he was Earl of Leicejier in England, and Fi- thet to Simon Montfort the Cataline o( this Kingdom, who under pre- See Camden is tenceof curing this Land of fome grievances, had killed it with his aUbh worcTd- Phylick, had he not been killed himfelf in the battle of Evefham in the "-O'ire. Reign of King Hwry the third.

Here ended the ftormof open War againft the Alhigenfes , though fome great drops fell afterward. And the Pope grew fenfible of ma- ny mifehicfs in profecuting this people with the Holy War. Three P"'" f-*j*"r hundred thoufandof thefe ctoifed Pilgrims loft their lives in this ex- ''"' ' pedition within the fpace of fifteen years, fo that there was neither City, nor Village in FM«cf, but by reafon hereof had Widows and Orphans, curfing this expedition. The Pope therefore now refolves upon a privater way, namely to profccute them by way of Inquifition. The chief promoter of that War was Vominick^tht Authour of the Order of the Vominicans.

His Mother being with child of him, dreamed , that (he had a dog vomiting fire in her Womb. This ignivomus Cur (asonecallethhimj ^^^ j^^^^, ^^^ did bark at and deeply bite the poor Alhigenfes; who put above two tr. Wroii. i. 7* hundred thoufand of them to death.

Almerick^ for his lazinefs was depofed by the Pope , and John Bren was made King of yfr«/i/f?M. In the beginning of his Reign, this accident fell out : In Frame a Boy for his years went about finging in his own Tongue.

K"

ut

io5 5r:!)e eccleftafltcal ^ifto^V cent. 13.

Jefus Lord,repjir our lofs^ "kefiore to liS thj Holy Crofs.

Kun-berkfs Children ran after him, and tollowed the fame tune • theirCaptain and chanter did fet them.

No bc4ts, no bars, no fear of Fathers, nor love of Mothers could

hold them back, but they would to the Holy Land to work wonders

there, but this merry mufick had a fad clofe, all either perifhing on

Mat'n ParLs Land, Or being drown'd by Sca. A/j?^«p Pi^m faith, it was done by

p. 324. ' theinfiind of theDevil. ■

King Lmv/ VIII. having compounded with Almery , the Son of 5iR«o« Earl of Afo«//ir*, for Lii«^«f Ac, refolves to unite this rich Pro- vince to the Crown.

To this end he levies a great Army, fortified with cruel Edicts a- gainftthe/f/^/gw/i'j- as Hereticks,and Rebels. Count Ef)'>»;.'«^ fub- mits himfelf to Pope Homrim, and yieldeth to Lerves, and perfwades the Earl of Cominges to the like obedience. Thus both of them a- bandon the people, and go to Kome^ leaving the poor Albigenjes to the mercy of Letves^ who prefectly fubdues all Lairgaedoc and Trovence, TheHoufe cf A^-'w^.V, oneof the greateft in the County of Vivaret^ having followed the Albigffffes party m^kes his peace, by means of the Town cfy^rr^jfrfce, given to the Eifliop of Firicrr, who enjoyeth it to this day. . Many Families were made defolate : Thefe poor mifera- blepeople weredifperfed here and there i and fuch as remained in the Country were forced to acknowledge the Pope's Authority. Lewes ordered the Mardial Foj, of the houfe of Mirepois to command his Forces, leaving the Lord of Beanjen^ for Goveindur and Lieutenant- Gea€rs.\ o£ La}iguedoc.

• All this mifchief was contrived by the Pope, who had fent his Le- Fox. Aa.& mo- gat into Fyii/?ce, to fummon a Council at 'Eiture ^ whither the King BiHiYoi.j. with fix Arch-Eilhops, and the Bilhops and Suffragans of nine Pro- vinces repaired, to the number of an hundred, befides the Abbots, Priors, and Prc(ftors of all the Covents ci France. Having difpafch'd thebuiinefs of Earl Txsym:{}id^zrA tYvt Albigenfes , the event" whereof hath been before declared •> Row:*;/.^ the Pope's Legate gave leave to all Proflors of Covents, and Chapters to return hom^, only retaining with him the Arch-Biih.cps, BiQiops, Abbots, to whom he opened a- nother part cf his Ccmmiiihon •, which w'as to obtain of every Cathe- dral Church two Prebend-ftips;, onefor the Bilhop, the Other fcr the Chapter. Andin Monafteries aHb after the like fort, where the Ab- bot and Covent had divers and feveral portions, to require two Chur- ches, ore for theAbbot, the other for the Covent, keeping this pro- 'portioDj that how much Oiould fuffice for the livirg of one. Monk,

fo

Cent. 15. n Of FRANCE. ,107

fo much the whele Covent fliould find for their part, and as much tlie Abbot for his likewife.

The Clergy of France anfwered, that the thing he enterprized could not be brought to efFecS without great offence taken, and incftimahle damage to the Church of Fi'^^MCf. ■. ,

Inconclufion, when the matter 'came to debating with, the Legat, ,the objedions of the inferiour Clergy were thefe following., .

. ■ - ■ ' -

I- They sflledged the great damages and expence'5,w'hic|ithey were i, p -., like to fuftain thereby, by reafon of the ccntinua! procurators of' " "'* the Pope, which in every . Diocefs muft Jive, not .of their own, but muft be fuftained upon the charges of the Cathredral Churches. and other Churches alfo j and many times they bejn^.but procurators will be found as Legats.

2. By that means (they, faid) great perturbations might enfue to the Covents and Chapters of Cathedral Churches in their eledlions : Forafmuch as the Pope's Agents and Faifcors, being in every Cathe- dral Church and Chapter- houfe, perchance the" Pope would command him inhisperfon to be prefent at their ek6tions, and fo might trouble the fame by delaying and deferring , till it might fall to the Court of Kome to give , and fo fl-iould be placed more of the Pope's Clien- tele in the Chmchcs of Fr<»«i:e. thanof.the proper Inhabitants of the

- • 3. By this means they affirmed, that all they in the Court of Rome^ (hould be richer and receive m.ore for their proportion, than the Kin'' of the Realm: by means whereof the Courtof K.oOTe would delay and drive off great fuits, and would fcarce take any.pains , with fmall caufes. Thus would ]uftice be turned afide, and poor fuitors fliould dye at the gates of Kofne : and for the better fpeeding of their caufes they thought, feeing it was meet they thould h3v,'e frie'ods in ,the Court of Reine, by keeping them neecly, their gifts might 'be the ' fvveeter and their caufesfooner difpatched.

4. Seeing it is impoflible that the FouEtain of greedy defires (hould be (lopped , it was to be feared , that either they would do that by others, which tliey were worif "lo doj^yjthem- felves , or elfe . they fliould be enforced to give greater reward's than before , for fmall gifts with great Rich Men are little regarded. •. . , . \ i. .,, ..'

5. whereas the removing away tlie tlarider wasajledge^ which go- cthonthe Court of Rw»f i by this means rather the contrary wcr? to be feared, wherein that Tentence |Was ajledged.

X-^: I ^^

I o8 %f^t eccieftaafcai ^ittm Cent. • ^

0'

^"od virtiis red Jit mn eopia fuf[icie»tem,

Et mnpaupertas, fed mentu hiatus egeHtem.

"that great riches Ji op not the taking cfmu-ch, hut a mind' contented viiJ) a little.

6. They added, that great riches would caufe faftions among tH& RowiZ^/, and taking of fides and parties, fo that by great poffelGons fe- dition might follow to theruine of the City.

7. That though they would oblige themfelves to that contributi- on, yet their SuccefTours would not.be fo bound, nor yet ratifie that bond of theirs.

8. They defired the Legat, that the zeal of the Oniverfal Church", and of the Church of 'Rome would move him : for if this opprellicn of the Church fnould be Univerfal^it were to be doubted , left an Uni- verfal departing might follow from the Church of Romf, which God forbid ffaid. they) (hould happen.

The Legat hereat excufed himfelf, that he being in the Court never agreed to thisexaftion ■■, and that the Letters came not to him before he was in Fr.i/fce, and as for him he would flir no more in the mat- ter, before it were proved what other Countries would fay and do therein.

King Lfn^f/paffing with a great Hoft by Boarges and AWfr/,Tnarch.- ed to Lyons\ and from Lyons to Avignon^ which for difobedience to the Church of Kome had'ftood accurfed by the Pope for feven years. The Citizens of Avignon^ [hut their gates againft the King and his Army, not fuffering them to com.e within the City^ Wherefore the King aiTaulted the City, and loft there many of his Men, among which Gny Earl of St. PiJ«/, and the Biftiopof r(??Kmc^, and others to the number of two and twenty thoufand there were {lain. In the end "they fubmitting to the King's pleafure , and the correction of the Pope, an agreehaent was made i and the King and his Army were received into the City, and the Citizens received abfolution from the Pope's Legate.

King Lewes to avoid the peftilence that was in his Camp, went into an Abbey not far off, where (hortly after, he dyed, and was carried to t.aris, where he was interred, ^«7a 1226.

Near unto this time , Gulielmiu de Aha Para , BifKop of Tariff wrote a Book de Clero^ wherein he thus fpeakerh of the Clergy of his time. No godhnefs or-Learning is feen in them, but rather all devilifh filthinefs, and monftrous vices i they are not the Church, but Babylon- and Egypt :^ and Sodom : "the Topi(l} Prelats build not the Church but deftroy it j they mockGod, and- they and- theix Piiefts do prophane

the.

FSibian's chro- •ic-

Cent. I J. 0f F R A N C E. 109

thebody of Chrift 5 they lift up to the Heavens with all manner of Ecckfiaftical honour the limbs of the Devil; in a wor<l ; they bring Lucifer into the Church of Chrift. He taught alfo that there is no Law belonging to the falvation of man, but the Gofpel of Chrift.

King Letves Ix. called St. heroes^ fucceedeth his Father in the King- dom of Trance ^ being but twelve years old, and was Crowned at 'B-hemes,

There is extant a conftitution of this King Lewes ^ bearing date, Anno 1228. fuh. lit. deTaliu, wherein he regrateth the Avarice of Popes, faying, that exadlions, and grievous burthens of Moneys are laid on the Churches of our Kingdoms by the Court of Kome , whereby the Kingdom is miferably exhaufled. We will therefore, that thefe be levied upon no condition, nor gathered, except only for a reafonable, pious, and moft urgent neceflity , and by our exprefs and willing fonfent , and with the confi?nt of the Church it felf of our Kingdom.

At that time the Senate of Paw, did prefent unto John SaMtromarr, the King's Advocate, the Pope's Bull to be read and anfwered. He replyed, faying. The greateft confufion of all things would arife upon the acceptingof that Bull: for by authority of fuch in former times; the French people had in great numbers gone out of the Kingdom to Rome^ of whom fome became flaves or clients to the Cardinals j and fome living more liberally, had idly wafted their Patrimony: and o- Brut.Fiilmmw thers in the City, or by the way had periflied with the badnefsof the Armorio. u.'"" Air, and frequent peftilence : and fo France was- exhaufted of Sub- jeds, efpecially of Learned men. He flieweth alfo, how vaft fums of Moneys were carried away for vacancies, ad Ad vouzons of Bifhopricks and Abbeys, and other Titles in the Churchp fo that fometimes ten ob- twelve Bulls were fold for one Priefthood. And if this cuftom (hall continue (faith he) it (hall come to pafs, that who hath any ftore of Moneys, will fend to Rowf, and buy a Priefthood unto his Son or Coufin. The Rector of the Univerfity of Farts, fpake to the fame purpofe i and having protefted at length againft the Bull, he appeakth from the iniquity thereof to the next Council.

The Pope's Legate having raifed an immenfe flim of Money in- Fra^ce^ Lewf/ prohibited that the Money C which was yet in France) (hould be delivered, to the Pope's Alligns, or tranfported out of the Kingdom.

King jfo/^« Brf«refigneth the Kingdom of yerw/i/ew to Frederick^ thefecond Emperour. There was alfo a Peace with, the T'urkj con- cluded for eight years.

JoA« got now more in a twelve- month than in fcven years before, p. 'iEmit, iii' going from Country to Country. In France, befides rich gifts left ^^''^• tohimfelf,he hadthemfliwgingof fixty thoufand Crowns, the. Le- gacy,

, 2.

no ^He ecciefiafttcal i^iflo?^ Cent. 13.

*-t . — ^ — — , ■ — . •

^Sicy 'which Philip Augtiftm the King on his Death'bed bequeathed to the Templars, and the Holy War. In England\\t received many 'pre- ■ fents from King Henry III. though afterward he proved but unthank- Mjtli. Pans, p, ful for them. In Spainhezpt. a rich Wife, maxryirig BermgarJs ,thie '*^^* Daughter of the King of Cafiile: In Italy he tc^fied largely, of! the

Pope's bounty » but. at lad periidioufly raifed rebellions agatnrt Frf^- r/c^, his Son-in-Law, by the Pope's in fligation. It is conceived that the Pope provided that match for Frf<^<?rzc^. to employ him in FalefHtte^ whilft he at home might play his game at pleafure.

Frederick^ recovereth all TalejhnezvA Jentfslem without expence of time or blood: and concluded a ten years truce with the 5a/tii« with- out the Pope's confent. And on Ea/if)'»day tryumphantly entring Jerufal.em crowned himfelf King, with his own hards. For Gerard Patriarch of jfer«/>3/f»;, and OZ/t'er Mafter of the Templars, with all the Clergy absented rhemfelves : neither was there any Mafs fung in the City, fo long as the Emperourbenig excommunicated remained tliere. In the Interim, the Chriflians every where build and repair the Cities of P^/f/me , being now refigned into their hands : Joppa and Nazireth they ftrongly fortified i the Walls, of Jerufalem were repaired, the Churches adorned. But (hort were the fmiles of this City, which groaning under God's old curfe, little joyed her felf in this her new bravery.

About the year 1232. the Greekj recover their .Empirf from the Latines, who had made an hard [hift to hold CoHjiantinople alnroft fixty years under five fucceeding Empcrours. i. Baldwin the firft^ ■ Earl of Flanders, 2. Hf^ry his Brother. 3. Veter, Count oi Auxerre in France, Henry''%SovAn-'LaM. 4. Kobert. 5, Baldmnththkh, and lafr.

At this time the 'tartdrians ovetrrun the North of Afia, and many Nations fled from their own Countries for fear of them. Among other, the CMvJfMf/, a fierce and Warlike people, were forced to for- fake their Land* ,:, .I'.-a'I^

Being thus unkennelled, they have recourfe to the Sultan of Baby. Ion, who betlovvs on them all ihe Lands the Chriflians held in Talefline. They mzrchto \fer7ifalem, and take it without refinance. Soon after the Cor-apnes elated herewith, fell out with the Sidtanh\vC\kM j who in anger rooted out their Nation, fo that none remained.

The French-men make War againft 2vejw?/«^, Earl of Tholoufi, and think to enclole him in I.iis Caflleof Saracene: but the Earl lying in Ambuflifor th«m in Woods , flew many of them , and 500 of the French Souldicrs were taken j and of their Servitors to the number of 200 men in atrroiHT were taken , of whom fome loft their eyes, fome their ears, iome their legs, and fo were fent home : the reft were carried away Prifoners into the Caftlg, ^Thrice that Sufljmer were

the

Cent.t3. Of FRANCE. iii

the French-men difcoi3:ifited by the aforefaid Key mund.

King Leives puts a ftop to the perfecution of the Aibigenfes^ faying, that they muft perfwade them by reafon, and not conftrain them by force, whereby many Families were preferved in thofe Provinces. ■ In thofe times lived Gitlielinm de fan&o amore, a Dod:or of Taris^ and Chanon of Beakvgif, exclaiming againft the abufes of the Church of Kome. He wrote againft the Fryars and their hypocrifie, but efpe- cially againft the begging Fryars.

In his days there was a moft deteftabTe and blafphemous book fet forth by the' Fryars, which they cilled, Evangelium JEterniiin^ or E- vaHgeliKm fpiritks fanUn :1he Everlalimg Gofpel, or, 7 he Gofp'el of the- Floly Ghoji. wherein it.is (aid, That the Gofpel of Chrift was not to be compared to it, no more than darkncfs to light. That the Gofpel of Chrift fliould be preached but fifty years, and then this everlafting Gofpel fhould rule the Chiarch.

He mightily impugned this peftiferous Book. He was by the Pope p^ j^^ ^^g, condenincd' for an Heretick, exiled, and his Books were burnt. His Monum, p. ^.wi ftory and Arguments may beread in Mr. Fc.-^his hrft "Volumn. Pope *'' *'^" Alexander 2i'cmtA. 'Ibflmas Aqit'iHM^ and Bonaventure ( men of violent fpirits) againft him, but he was too' hard forthefe reprovers : his fol« lowers were called Amorxi.'

Pope Gregory fucceedeth Innocent^ and is a great Enemy to Frederick^: theEmperour, whohad entred ^f^(y with a great Army, After his Eledion he fends his Nuncio into France, to exhort Lemes to fuccour him. The Pope comes into France^ and calls a Council at Lyons^. •whither he cites Frederick^ , but yet upon fo fliort a warning as he:, could not appear.. Fredsrick^(\\^w\n^ fent his AmbafTadours to re- quire a lawful time, and to advertifethe Pope of his comingj begins^ his Journey to perform his promife. Being arrived at 'Thnrin , he hath intelligence given him, that the Pope had condemned him a^- Contitmax, excommunicated him, and degraded him of the Empire.^ But this was not without the confent of the Princes Eledors of the: Empire, who after mature deliberation proceeded to anew Eledion,* They chufe Henry Landgrave of 'Ihuring for Emperour j but he belic" ging the City of 'Z/'/jwe/, wasweunded with an Arrow whereof he dyed ftiorily after. .. ^

Frederick^ Writes to the French King, againft the fentence againft him at Lygns^

Then the Electors chofe ifilUam^ Earl of Holland for Emperour,. In all rlic cliicf Cities, the Guelph's Fadion was the ftronger,. through- the Authority of the Council of Lyons. Frederick^ ov.cr-preffed with grief, dyeth, leaving T/j/j) and Gfrwizwy in great combuftion.

The Pop having Canonized Edmond Arch-Bifhop of Camerhury foon afca *>;(i«c»!», Qtieen Regent oi France^ came into 'England to

WOE-

1 1 2 XDe ectitUaHitai ^iHoi^ Cent. 13.

worfhipthat Saint, reprefenting to him, that he had found refuge for his Exile in France, and befeeching him not to be ungrateful. She faid, my Lord, moft Holy Father, confirm the Kingdom of Frdnce in a peaceable folidity, and remember what \»e have done to thee.

Now Lefver IX. came to affiftthe Chriftians in Falejline. His no- bility difwaded from that defign. Lewes takes up the Grofs, and voweth to eat no Bread, until he was recognized with the Pilgrim's Badge. Their went along with him, his two Brothers, Charles Earl of JnjoUj Robert Earl of Artois i his own Qi?een, and their Ladies, Odo the Pope's Legat, Hugh Duke of BurgMndy, WiUiam'Eix] ofFlan^ ders,.Hugh Earl of St,P<2a/,and William Longs^atb Earl of SarUhury, with a band of valiant EngUJh-men.

The Pope gave to this King Lerpes for his charges, the tenth of the Clergy'srevenues through Fra«« for three years , and the King em- ployed the Pope's Colledors to gather it ; whereupon the Eftates of the Clergy were (haven as bare as their crowns i and a poor Prieft,who had but twenty (hillings annual penfion, was forced to pay two yearly to the King. Having at Lyons took his leave of the Pope, and a blef- £ng from him, he marched toward Avignon •■, Where fome of the city wronged his Souldiers, efpecially with foul Language.

His Nobles defired him to befiege the city , the rather , becaufe it was fufpeded, that therein his Father was poifoncd. To whom Lfa?? j moft chriftianly faid_, I come not out of France to revenge mine own quarrels, or thofe of my Father, or Mother, but injuries offered to Je» fus Chrifi. Hence he went without delay to his Navy, and fo <om- Hiitted himfelf to the Sea-

Lewes arrives in Cyprus, where the peftilence raging , two hundred and forty Gentlemen of note dyed of the infedlion. Hither came the Ambaffadours from a great Tartarian ^x'mcc, invited by the fame of King Leaves his piety, profefling to him, that he had renounced his Pa« ganifm, and embraced Chriftianity, and, that he intended to fend Met fengers to the Pope to be further in flru<fted in his Religion: but fome Chriftians which were in "tartary difwaded him from going to Rome. King Lewes received thefe Ambaffadours cuurteoufly, difmifling them"^ with bounteous gifts. And by them he fent to their Mafter a Tent, \vherein the Hii^ory of the Bible was as richly, as curioufly depided in Needle- work, hoping thus to catch his Eyes, and both in his prefentj pitftures then being accounted Lay -mens books.

The French land in Egypt, and Vamiata is taken by them. Difcords grew between the Frf«c^ and E«g///^, the caufe was, for that the Earl of Sarisbury in facking a Fort got more fpoil therein than the Englifh. Then dyed Me Wiw, the Eg)/'tij« King. Roifrt Earl of ^rto/V, Bro- ther to King Lerves, fighting with the Egyptians , contrary to the Counfel of the 7f«rf/<»r/, is overthrown. In his flight he cryed to

the

Cent. 13- Of FRANCE. 113

the Earl of iS'<»w^«r)i, flee, flee, for God fighteth againft us. To whom our Earl, God forbid my Father's Son fliould flee from the face of a Saracen. The other feeking to fave himfelf by the fwiftnefs of his Horfe, and croffing the River was drowned. The Earl of SarUbury flew many a 7'»r)^, and though unhorfed and wounded in his Legs, fl:ood on his Honour, when he could not ftand on his Feet i and refu- fing all quarter, upon his knees laid about him like a defperate man. He fought till at laft he breathed forth his Soul in the mid ft of his E« nemies. Of all the Chriftians there cfcaped no more than two Tiew- p/tfr/, one Hu/Z'/W/tfr, and one common Souldier, the Meflengers of this heavy news. The Plague fwept away many thoufands of the frencb daily. Mean time King Len>es fent many of the weakeft of the peo- ple down the River to Vamiata, Melechfala King of Egypt, meeting them by the way, either burned or drowned them all , fave one Ewg- lijh'man, Alexander Giffard(who{c antient Family flouriflieth to this day at Chellington in Staffard-jhtre) who wounded in five places of his body, cfcaped to the French , and reported what had happened to the reft. Melechfala came upon the reft with an infinite multitude, and put them all fbeing few and feeble) to the Sword, taking King Leives ^ with his two Brethren, /4//'^oM/e and CW/f J- prifoners. Then was there a general Lamentation over all Chriftendom, chiefly in France^ where all were forrowful. .,

Melechfala is flain by 'targueminas, a fturdy Mammaluke , who fuc- cceded him in the Egyptian Kingdom. Lerves at laft was reftored to his Liberty upon condition, that the Chriftians fliould furrendcr Va- miata, and healfo pay back to the T^url^s many thoufand pounds, both for ranfom of Chriftian Captives, and in fatisfa(3:ion of the vaftations they had committed in Egypt.

Lewes for the fecurity of this Money pawned to the 'turh^, the Pyx and Hoft f that is the body of Chrift Tranfubftantiated in the Eu- chariftj as his chiefeft Jewel , which he fl^ould be mcft careful to re- Du. Serres Hift. deem- Hence in perpetual memory of this conqueft, we may fee a '" '''"^•*' Wafer-cake and a box, always wrought in the borders of that Tape- flry which is brought out of Egypt.

Hence Leives failed to ftolemaU, being forfaken of the Pope,Fricnds, Subjeds, Brothers. Alphonfe and Charles, though fent into France to folicite his fult, and to advance his ranfom withfpeed, yet being arri- ved forgot the afflidion of Jofeph. Blanch , the King's Mother, ha- ving gathered a confiderable fum of money, and ftiipped it for Fakjiine, aTempeftin a moment caft that away, which her care and thrift was many months in getting. His Queen Margaret was with him, which fomewhatjmitigated nis grief. Here flie bore him a child , which be- caufe another Benoni, or (on of forrow, was called Tf-Z/iMw.

King Lfwf/ being an excellent Antiquary, and Critick on facrcd

Ol Mo-

6^8.

114 X'^t €CClefiafttCali^tftO?V cent. 13.

f '■ ■ ■,.■,.,.- — — ' ^^ — • — .

Monuments, much emplnyedhimfelf in redeeming of old Tacred pla- ces from the tyranny of Time and Oblivion.

Mean- time, in his Kingdom o( France^ hapned this ftrange accident. An Hungarian feziint, who is faid to be an Apoftate to Mahomet, and well learned, gathered together many thoufands of people, pretending they had intelligence from Heaven to march to the Holy Land. Thefc took on them the name and habit of Pa(^orelli, poor Shepherds, in i- mitation be like, of thofe in the Gofpel, who were warned by Angels- in a Vifion to go to Bethlehem.

Being to (hape their courfe into Faleftine , they went into France. Magdeb. Ce«f. They pillaged and killed the poor Jem as they went. But at laft- i3.ca iis. Col. near ]5We^«x fixtythoufand of "them were flain, and the reft difper-- fed. A Rhimer of that Age made this Epitaph on them.

M. Jemel, & h'n C. L. I. Conjuitger-e difce^ Vnxit Pajiortim fxva Megara. Chorum,

Leant tg put together well.

What MC C L 1. do fpel When feme Vevilil}) Fiend in France,

Vidteach the Shepherds horvto dance.

Anno 1254. Lerves returneth into France,hz\x\^ loaden with Debts to\\\sItalian Creditors. He made an ordinance for the banifliment of common whores out of all Cities and Towns, to be done by his ^ Judges and Officers, and their goods to be feized by them.

Afterfourteen years Interregnum Vo^e Vrhan IV. appointed Charley Duke of Anpni^ younger Brother to King Lewes of France s King of Sicily 2nd Jemfalem. Charles fubdued Maufrid , and Conradin his Nephew, and pofTefTed Sicily, but for.the gaining oi Jerufalem, he ne- ver regarded it, n6r came thither at all, Hugh King oi Cyprus, was^ crowned King of Jerufalem.

In the Year 1253. was great contention between the Matters of Sorbonin Paris, and the preaching Fryars , v-jho were fo increafed in number and honour, becoming the ConfeiTors and counfellors of King?,, that they would not be fubjed unto the former Laws and Cuftoms, The School^men convened, and were content to want fomewhat of' their weekly portion to fatijfie the Court of Kome , from which the Fryars had obtained their priviledges.

About this time or a little- before, arofe a ftrife between the gray Fryars, and Prelates, and Dodors of Paris , aljput nine conclufions, condemned of the Prelates to be &f oneousi

I* Coi>-

Cent. 13. Of FRANCE. 115

1. Concerning- the divine effence , that it cannot be (een of the "* Angels or men glorified.

2. Concerning the EfTence of the Holy Ghoft.

3. Touching the proceeding of the Holy Ghoft, as he is love.

4. whether men glorified thall be in cdo empyreo : or , in cxh Chryjtallino.

5. That the evil Angel at his firft Creation was evil, and never good.

6. That there have been many verities from the beginning , which were not of God.

7. That an Angel in one inftant may be in divers places.

8. That the evil Angel never had whereby he might ftand j no more had Jdam in his liate of Innocence.

J). That he which hath more perfed ftrength of nature working in him, (hall have more full meafure of neceflity to obtain Grace and Glsfy. To which Articles the Prelates anfwering, did excommuni- cate the fame as erroneous.

The Abbot of St. Dmx having extorted great fums of Money out of his Abbey, to prefent unto the Pope as others did, m hopes Math. Paris; one day to be made an Arch-Bifnop, King Lenses, as Patron of that Abbey , compelled him to re-pay the faid fum out of his own purfe.

Whilft this King was gone to the Holy War, the Nobles of France^ finding themfelves vexed by the Pope, made a- league , and fet forth a Declaration, againft him, where they fay Camong other things ) that the Clergy (pointing at the Pope) fwallow up and fruftrate'theju- rifdiftion of Secular princes , fo as by their Laws , the children of flaves, pafs judgement upon Free-men and (heir children , whereas by the fccular Laws of our Kings and Princes, they ought rather to be judged by us.

Another piece of their Declaration runs in this manner. All we, the prime Men of the Kingdom, perceiving out of our deep judge- MathS^rfs h;'ik menti That the Kingdom was not got by Law written, nor by the ^i"f|,',{v^t|,.f. Ambition of Clergy-men, but by the fweat of War, do Enadt and Ordain by this prefent Decree, and by joynt- Oath, that no Clerk nor Lay-iTian (hall fue one another before the Ordinary, or Ecclefiaftical Judge, unlefs it be in cafe of Herelie, Marriages, and Ufury, upon pain of confifcatingall theirgoods, and thelofsof a, limb to the tranf- grefTors thereof-, for which, certain Executioners (liall be appointed, that fo our jurisdiction being refufcitatcd may revive again : and thofe who have enriched themfclves by our poverty famong whom God for their pride hath raifcd up prophane contentions^ may be redu- ced to the State of the primitive Church ■■, and living in contcmpla-

0^2 tion

1 1 6 %f^t cccieftafttcai ^ittcnv Cem. 13.

tion may (hew us thofe miracles, which are fled out of the World long ago j and we in the mean time lead an adive life as it is fittings The Hiftorian adds, the Pope having heard thefe things, fighed with a • troubled mind, afld defiring to appeafe their hearts , and break their courage, after he had admoniihed them, he frighted them with threats but he did no good for all that. ^(10. Fullers ho. fhe Chriftiaos were now plagued with Bendocdar^ the Manimaluke y w« »• Prince in Ec^ypt^ who fucceeded Melechem, and every where raging a- gainft them, either killed or forced them to forfwear their Religion. The City of Joppa he took, and burnt, and then won Antioch^ flaying therein twenty thoufand, and carrying away captive an hundred thoufand Chriftians. Thefe woful tidings brought into 'Europe^ fo wrought on the good difpofition of Lewes King of France^ that herefolved to make a fecpnd Voyage into Vale^ine to fuccour the Chriftians..

And to that end he provideth his Navy , and is accompanied with fhilip and Tri/fj-ii/M his Sons , 7begbald King of Navan , his Son-in- Law, Alphonfe his Brother, and Guido Earl of f landers : there went, alfo "Edivard^ eldeft Soh to Henry HI. King of Ens,lafid.

Lewes havingnow hoifed upfail^ it was concluded ,. that to fecure and clear the Chr-iftisnspalTage to P«/e/fi«f from Pirates, they fliould firfl take the City of Carthage in Africa by the way..

This Cjrt/jiige long wreR led with Howe for the Soveraignty , till S^sipio crufhed out her bowels with one deadly fall. Yet long after the City (tood, before utterly demo!i(hed : at laft by the counfel of Gato'M was quite dcfttoyfcd, it being within a days Sail from Kome. Out of the ruines of this famous City, 'tnnis arofe, which was not thea GOnfiderable in bignels, great only in mifchief, being feated betwixt Europe ^ Afia, and Africa^ and fo became a worfe annoyance ta Chriltian Traffick , than, a whole Countrey of Saracens elfe- where,

The fiege of l^Hnis being begun, the Plague feized on the Chridian

Bift^*''f^°r^^ Army, whereof thoufands dyed, among others Tr;/irtfK«, King Lewei

iE.4.3,^^ - ■ '• • j^jg gpj^ . ^j^^ j^g himfelf of a Flux followed after. Many good Laws

he made for his Kingdom : that not the worft , He fiift retrenched

his Barons power to fufFer parties to try their Titles to Land by duels.

He feverely punirtved Blafphemers, fearing their Lips with'an hot Iron-

And bu'caufe by his command it was executed upon a rich Citizen of

~ r.arij-, fome faid he was a Tyjfant, He hearing it, faid before many,!

ivould to God that with fearingmy own Lips, I could banijh out of my,

Kealm all abitfes of Oaths. He loved more to hear Sermons than to

be at Mafs, yet was he fomewhat faperftitious ,, as appeareth by feme

Inftances,

for about the year 1,24.0. B*!/^^*^/?! keeping hy force the.Empise of

Cent. 13- Of FRANCE. 117

Conliantinople, which the French^ and other pilgrims of Syria had fur- prized, and held it by right of conveniency, being in great want of Money, writ to King LeiveslX. that the Holy Crown of .Thorns of our Saviour was found, and if he would help him with a fum of Money, he would fend it to him. This King being of eafie belief trea- ted with the faid Emperour for a great fum- of Money, and bought that crown, which was put in the holy Chappel of Faris with great folemnity.

Shortly after the rf««/ii«T having bought apiece of the true croCs- (as they faid ) for two thoufand and five hundred pounds, fold it again to the fame King Lewes for double the price. The King himfelf carr ried it bare- headed and bare- foot to our Lady of Paris: and the Pope gave to it fourty days of pardon.

His body was carried into France there to be buried , and was moft miferably tofled. He was Sainted after his Death by Pope Boniface VlII,and the2 5t^. day of ^«gK/f (on which day in his firft Voy- age to PaleiUne he went on Ship board 3 is confecrated to his Me- mory, 7u)tis was furrendred on conditions > the French return home , whjift Prince Edrvard valiantly fetteth forward for P^f hjiine.

P/b/7//» the third, called the bold, or the Hardy, fucceedeth to the Kingdom of France. At the return of Philip^Queen Jfabel his Wife AnnoUTrs- dies in Sicily. And his Unckle Alfhonfe with his Wife the Countefs of 'tholoufe^ dye foon after at Bologne, without any children , fo as ac- cording to the contrad of the Marriage, the Earldom ci 7holonfe^ Qiould be incorporate to the Crown.

B-ichard Son to Henry King of England^ is traiteroufly flain by Guy of Montfort^xho. Sonot Simon (oivihom we have fpokcn) walking in St. Laurences Church at Viterbo^ a City of the Pope's.

Pope Clement IV. (born in Languedoc) being dead, the Cardinals dif- agree about the Eledion of anew Pope, and continued in this conten* tion two years, nine months, and one day, as P/a//«i7reporteth.

Thecaufes of fo Ions a difTention are varioully reported by feveral „ ^^ „.^ Hiltoriographers. But thechiet wereasroliow. part}.Ub.i>

The firft and moft forcible of all, was the contrariety in the Na- tures of the Cardinals which were prefent at; the Election at Viterbo^ who were eighteen in number i all obftinate and untradtable , and had fworn each of them, never to yeiid to his companion in the. leaft.

All of them believed themfelves worthy of the Papacy , and every. one negotiated for himfelf, without fpeaking a word of other preten- ders, fo that it was not poilible among eighteen feveral competitors, to • cometoany refolution. But that impediment being removed, in which, the Cardinals continued obftiBate for above ten Montlis, there

arofe.

1 1 B %!^t eccieftagtca! !^tflo?v cent. 13.

arofe another Which lafted above a year, and was the fecond cccafTon of the tedicufnefs of theEledlion, and that is, that the Cardinals were divided into two Fadions, one of them Italians the other Fr«<ci&, Thefe would have a Pope of their own Natios , and the Italians ■would have him of theirs i neither of them complying with the o- ther, and the number of the French being equal to the Italians , there being no way to gain the two thirds of their Votes , they remained divers weeks obltinate, and doing nothing but the heaping diffention upon diffention.

The other reafon was, that this delay growing tedious to the Prin- ces, and particular to Fhili^ King of France, and Charles King of 5f- ci/y, thefe two Princes refo'ved to come in perfon to Viterbo, and foli- cite the Cardinals to expedite the creation of the Pope. Upon this «ccafion the Cardinals which were adherents to thefe two Crowns, having notice of their Refolutions, would do nothing till they were arrived : who when they did com,e, ferved for nothing but to protradl the eledion, though their defire was to haften it ■■, each of them re- commending different perfons. The Princes ticding all their' in ter- ceffions ineffedlual, returned as they came, leaving the \«hole bufinefs to the Cardinals.

" ■ In the firft affembly after the Kings were departed, jobn Cardinaljof Porto, obferving the pertinacity of the Cardinals, whilft they were to- gether invocating the Holy Ohcft, cryed out publickly , and with a loud voice. My Lords ! let us uncover the Kocf of this Chamber, per- haps the Holy Spirit will not come ivhere n^e are ihororp fo many Roofs. It vpoiild be necejfary t9- have a Holy Gho\i for every one , feeing there is no two will agrc^ : Jhe Holy Ghofi defended upon the Apojlles, bectiife they mere met together vAth one mind: buthor» can rre expect him that are fo jlrangely divided ?^

■ At length the Cardinals being weary of going up and down to the places of their Affemblies, and doubting by their delay to bring in fome new fchifm into the Church, two thirds of the Cardinals agreed in the Ekdion,of Tibaldo Vifconte,^ a Milanefe, Arch-Deacon of Lodi^ who was called Gregory the tenth, not yet return'd from his Voyage into Afa, whither he was fent by Innocent IV. upon whofe Elefticni C-ardinal Giovanni del Vorio made thefe Vtrfes.

Fapatks muntts tulit Archidiaeaniff nniif, ^uem Fatrem Patrum fecit difcordia fratruiJU

"Xhe Cardinals at odds, and out of hope, Arch-Veacon Tibald was created Tope.

Gregory endeavouring to make peace between the Cffioahs, and

Fenetianty

Cent.ig. Of FRANCE. 119

Ff««i<j?;x, who had been at Wars one with another for feveral years together, went into Trance in the year 1273. where he gave beginning to the Council of Lysm; Philip King of France was prefent at that Council, with aninBnite number of Noble and Learned perlons, both fretich and E>!glijh. He calicd four Bidiops from Germany , four from. Ewg/ijW, four from France, two from Sp-ain: horn Sicily., from the King<lomof the Church, H««gjr)i, Vacia, Bohemia ., Toland, 5w^e«, gpotthwooJ Norppayzud 5w*/i?;z<^, from each of thefe one. There were two Pa- Hift. of ch. of triarchs, fifteen Cardinals, five hundred Bi(hops,'and one thoufand °'*° '^' mitred Prelates, beiides the King. of France^ theEmperour of Greece^ and many other Princes.*

1. In this Council the firft propofition was forthe Holy War , and for it they decree, that a tenth part of all Benefices in Chriftendorn (the prlviledged Churches not excepted^ (hould be paid for fix ycars- That all Penitentiaries, or Confeflbrs (hould urge offenders to affili that holy bufinefs with their wealth and richey: and that every Chrifli- an, without exception of Sex or Quality, fi^ould pay a penny yearly during that fpace, under pain of Excommunication.

2. For remedying abufes in the Church, it was ordained, i. That , ^ no procurations to Biftiops, nor Arch- Deacons (hould be paid , unlefs Hift.'cm./a, they do vi(it the Churches in their own perfons. 2, No Church-man

(hould fcffck more Benefices than one, and (liould refide at the Church heretaineth. 3. Noneof the Clergy (hall without the Pope's licenfe, anfwer the impofitions which fliall be laid upon them by any Prince or State. 4. ThemendicantFryarsfliall be reduced to four Orders, the Minorites., Fredicants, Carmelites, and Hermites of St. Attgafline , who (hall continue in their prefent Eftate, until the Pope (hall otherwife think good. 5. A prohibition was made, to admit or ad vife any new order, befides thefe named. Here alfo was decreed the Union of the. Greek and Latin Church, and the. peace betwixt the Princes of Chri» ftendom.

But many of thefe Statutes in a (hort time turned into fmoak , plu* ralitics being of newdifpenfed,with the claufeof «a«o/i'fi»«fe, which then firft came in ufe. The Orders of Fryars and Monks were refiored one by one. The C//Jmztf«/ redeemed their liberty by payment of 50C000 Marks.

The Bcrnardines paid dooooo Crowns , and other Orders made their compontion. whereby it appeareth , that the Statutes which were enaded, were only deviled to raife fums of Money , and not of any purpofc to redrefs their abufes. This Pope advanced the Ptfww- Ci?«x highly, even to the wearing of red hats.

In that Council of Lyons, Canons were made for the maDner of

I20 iLfte ccclefiMicai ^tftojt^ Cem. 13.

eleding the Pope : for from Sylveller^s time, unto this Gregory's Pope- dom, they were not ufed to be fhut up in a cbnclave > but if they were ia Kome, the Eledors met, either in tHfe Church of St. John Lateraa, or of St. Peter^ or in feme ofher place as occafion offered : if they "were out of Kome, they met m the Cathedral of the place where they were, or in feme other Church more convenient. But the Electors «ift.oFc*rdiiials "lany times regarded not expedition in their Eledions of the Pope, part 3. lib. i. whilft they had liberty to command, to go and ccrie as they thought fit, therefore the invention of the conclave by Gregory , was rationally thought very good and neceffary.

There were likewife eftablithed by the faid Gregory, feveral Laws and Orders for the conclave, which were afterwards by feveral Popes reduced into better form, till that in procefs of time they were redu- ced into that which I (hall infert in this place.

"The principal Lawt rehieh are tonally ebferved in the Creation- of th£ Pope.

1. That the ElecSiion be made in a proper and convenient place, and ordinarily there where the laft Pope dyed. If that cannot com- modioufly be done, let it be made in that City, to whqfe jurisdiction that place doth belong, provided it be not under interdidiion : for in that cafe they are to chufe another City in the fame Diocefs, or at leaft ■not far off, &c.

2. That after the death of the Pope, there fhall bene difcourfe of the Eledionof a Succeirour,tillten daysbepaft, in which time the abfent Cardinals are to be expe(ftedi and the nine days obfequies for the deceafed Pope be celebrated with due refped', by all the Cardinals that are prefent in the place.

3. That no abfent Cardinal (hall fend his Vote in any manner what- foever : by which it is intended, they (hall be deprived of their Voice as often as they are abfent from the Eleition,

4. That the nine days ceremony for the death of the Pope being over, the Mafs Delia Spirits fanto folemnly faid , and the prayer de eligendo Ponttfice recited, let all the Cardinals which are prefent in the palace, which (hall be called, *^ff Conclave,, (which is to be in afecure place, clofe in all parts, and well guarded) be (hut in, with two or three fervants only, for their necelikics. Let it not be lawful for any to enter after the conclave is (hut up, nor for any to come forth, except in the cafe of infirmity. And if any be oblig'^d to go in or out, let it be by confcnt of the whole CoUedge. Nor is this conclave to have any Wall or partition , to diftingui(h one chamber from another : biit let there be certain traverfes of Linnen or cloath, <o divide their Lodgings, and they to be given to the Cardi- nals

Cent. ij. Of FRANCE. lai

nals by lot , to prevent all cctitrovcrfies for place.

5. That it be not only unlawful to ETcd thofe that are abfent, but that it be not permitted to the Cardinals to chufe any but one out of their own Order , and of thofe that are prefent in the conclave.

6. If the Election be mad« in Kome^ the place, tke Gates and Doors of the conclave (hall be well guarded. The firft Guards are to be kept by the Souldiers of the Pope's ordinary guards. After them by the Barons of Rome, and the Ambaffadours of Princes, who are all to befworn in the conclave it felf before it be (hut up , That they will keep the faid guards faithfully and diligently j and laft of all in the nearelt places to the door of the conclave, by theBi(hops and Confer* vatorsof theCity. If theEledJionbemadeout of Kow*, the guard of the conclave is to be made by the Temporal Lords of that place, with the fame formality and Oath as in Kome. The Guards are to pre' vent any violence (hall be offered to the freedom of the Cardinals Votes i to oBferye what provi(ions come in , that there be no Letters conveyed in them : and if any fuch be found, let them be conlign'd to the Mar(hal, to be kept till the conclave be finidied. That they take - care that the Cardinals be not incommoded , that they be all ready at their beck i and in cafe of delay, that they force them Cfirft with entreaties, and afterwards with threats) to haften the Eledtion. Thofe who are appointed to guard the conclave, are to preferve it from ajl violence and difturbance.

7. That the Cardinals may not go out of the conclave, or ad- journ their Afferably to any other place for any perfon whatfoever, the Elediion being ended, then they may go forth ; if otherwife they (hould go out, let them be forced back again by the guards of the conclave.

8. That thofe Cardinals who tome after the conclave is flvut, and before the Ele(ftion of the Pope, may enter and give their Voices as the reft. And that no Cardinal can upon any occaflon or pittence whatlbever (although he be excommunicatedj avoid being prefent at the Eledtion, and giving his vote. But all this is to be done by the eonfent of the whole Colledge , and not of the Governour of the conclave only.

9. That three days being pad after their entrance into the conclave, if in that time the Pope be not chofen , the Prelates and Barons of Rowf, and fuch others as are deputed guards to the conclave, may re- quire an account of the Cardinals tranfadions within,and reftrain them of their variety of diflies, reducing and leflening them by degrees, ac- cprding as they find the Elediion delayed.

10. That in the time of the Eledion , no perfon whatfoever, whether Secular or Ecclefiaftick, is to give, promife, or en-

R treat.

1 1% %^t cccieftailt'cai f^t^oiv cent. 13.

tteat, thereby to endlne the hearts of the Cardinals to their priva te defires^ under pain of the Pope's Excopimunication, €^c.

11. That noperfon be declared or ejeded Pope, if he hath not firf\ two whole parts in three of the Voices of the Cardinals which are prefent in the conclave, which Votes are to be given in fecret, and afterwards read publicklyj that all perfons may take notice who is chofen.

12. That after the death of the Pope all Magiftrates and Ecclefi- aftical Offices are to ceafe, except fuch as are in the perfons of the Cardinals, which are perpetual, which Offices are to remain uiiexe- cutcd j all but the Office of the chief Penitentiary , and the Cham- berlain.

1 3. That there be a Governour of the conclave, that he be a wor- thy perfon, and of good qualifications-, that he be chofen by the body of the Cardinals before they enter into the conclave •, whofe Office it (hall be to give feafonable orders, that things may go within as they ought to do, and that the Cardinals may not want any thing con- venient.

14. That an Oath be given to the Cardinals, to k^ep fecret all the tranfadions and argumentations of the conclave, relating to the E- letftion 5 that it be not permitted to any body to bear Arms in fo fa- cred a place, nor to revenge any injury whatfoever,. either with words- or deeds, but that they bear all things patiently , and endeavour to a- void tliat mifchicf.

Thus Gregory being pleaftd with the Introdudion of this form into the conclave, difmifl'ed the Council of Lyons. Then he began his journey, in order to his journey into Italy, arrd refufing to pafs by Florence (left heihould be obliged to takeoff the interdidion } he took his way towards Arezzo^'m which place he arrived, fell fick, and dyed,^«w 1275.

Afterwards when theEmperour Taholngm dyed, t~he Grecian Priefts would not that he (hould be buried in any con fecrated place, becaufe he had confented in the Council of LyoMs^toan Union of the Greek and Latin Churches. Papon ture de We read in an ordinance made by K'mgThiJipthc th'iti, Amo 1274., h jurifdiaiGn. that if one Lay-man fell unto another Lay-man, the Tythes which he. *»!™'Er'tit"re"cfc hath bought of a Clerk, and there arife a fuit about the price , the viSumnt.?. cognifance thereof doth not belong to the Ecclcfiaftical Judge. And ft isone of thepriviledgesof the GaUcan Church, that the Pope cannot by any Provi/o's about Benefices or otherv-'ife , flerogate from, or prejudice Lay foundations, and the Rights of the Lay-patrons of. the Realm.

There is alfo a decyeeof this King F^/'% dated Amo 1274, which.

pre-

Cent. 13. Of FRANCE. 12^

prohibits a Birtiop the granting the feizure of the moveable goods of a certain Clerk, condemn'd in a perfonal Adion , confidering that thofe Goods were not within his Epifcopal Jurifdidion. There is alfo a prohibition to Ecclciiaftical Judges to caufe any execution to be made of the immoveable goods of any Clerk condemn'd in a perfo- nal A(3:ion j bccaufe the immoveable goods are out of his Epifcopal jurifdi(!;Hon. According hereunto a certain Bifhop of TarU was decla- red not to be admitted into the Court, in a pretendure which he made of the power of arrefting certain Moneys belonging to a Clerk inhabi- ting in certain Lands, fubjedl to the jurifdidion Royal, and he was caft for attempting it by an Arreft of Paris.

Lerpfj, theeldeft Sonof King P^i///' dycth, with apparent (igns of poyfon. Qh?^" Mafy ; his Mother-in-Law, and Peter de la troche ("chief Chamberlain to the King, and his Treafurer, being the Queens favourite) is accufed for this Fa(^ : and being imprifoned he confeffeth the crime, and accufeth the Queen, as having poifoned Lewes by her command. La Broc^f alfo is found guilty of Treafon, by his Letters having given Intelligence to the King of Cajiile of the Eftate of France , being then no friend to the Crown : for which he was hanged.

Mijr)/ denies the Fad by Oath. The King tor want of proof lends a Bifliop and an Abbot to a Witch in Holland. They at their return abfolve the Queen by her report, but they free her not from the jealou- (ie of the French, nor in the King's conceit.

'thom.is A(]uiHM 3iX\i Bonaventiire, two learned School- men , dyed Anno 1274.. Lewej, Bifhop of 7'/:'o/(7»p , Son to Charles the fecond, King of Sicily, and Apnlia, dyed alfo.

After the death of Pope Gregory x. the firft conclave was in Arezzo^ where the Pope dyed. The Guards lafted but one night : for the fame night the Cardinals entred, they agreed to chufe Pietro Faranta^io (a Burgundian and Vominican FryarJ Pope , who took upon him the name of Innocent V. Innocent was crown'd in Kome forty days after his Eledion.

After riie death of rK«L)w?2t, which happened in the year 1276. fix months exadly after his Eledion, /4/fxJ«'^£'>' V. who fucceeded him, being created in Kome, with all the formalites of the conclave, revo- ked the order eftabliihed by Gregory, concerning the affairs of the con- clave, thougli in due form it had the approbation of a general Council. Divers other fuccceding Popes were all created according to the order obferved before the time of Gregory X.

King Philip tlie third dyeth, having reigned fifteen years, and lived forty, of his tirft Wife J/aM , he had Philip and Charles remaining. P^///;», his elded Son was King of France after him. Charles was ^ari of Valoifij of AUnfon ■■, and of Perche , Father to that Philip

R 2 of

U4 s:ge cccleftadtcal i^i(lo?p Cent. 13;

-SE- — '

of Falois, who in his courfe fl\all fucceed to the Crowns

Fryar John of Paris, a Dodor in Divinity, of the Order of pre- dicants, wrote about the year 1 280. Jbann. Paris in In hfs Tradl of the Royal and Papal power,- he faith, I am of opinl-

RegU&p^au'* "'°"' *^^^ ^"^"'^ '^^^'^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^ medmm. here, namely, that it is in pro. aot utterly impoffible, that Clergy-men have Dominion and jurisdicfti*

on in Temporal matters i but yet it belongs not unto them by reafoa of their profellion, and as Chrifl's Vicars,4nd the Apoftles fucceflbrs, but is convenient for them to have it by the grant and permiffion of Princes, if fo be they have beftowed it upon them out of devotion, or if they have got it by other means. And in the eighth Chapter he fets down this conclufion..

whence it appears^, that feeing Chrift as Man, had no power nor jurifdidion in Temporal matters, the Prieft ( be what he will)' hath not received any power over them from Chrift > inasmuch as he did' not give unto them what he had not in himfelf.

fhilip the fair, now King of France was advifed by the Princes and*

-'Frettch Barons, not to fuffer the Pope to make any Ordinances belong-

r'dVjPi' *[" i"g "nto his Kingdom, without the Council of him and his, nor any

berterdei egiife "ew and unwonted thing to be brought in thither. So faith Mr. John

Gaiiicinep. 5. dit-.TiUet in his advice concerning the Liberties of the Gahcan Church.

And it is the very counfel which Eude,K Duke of Burgundy gave him^

which is yet to be feen in the Treafury of Chartres.

This King loved Juftice and Learning, wherein he was well in- firudted for that Age. His Wife Joan builded in her name that good- ' ly Colledge of Navirr..

Teter Moronezn Hermit, was chofen Pope , and afTumed the name of Celefiine. V. a Pope little pradifed in politick or Ecclefiaftick affairs.

The Cardinals in (hort time (by reafon of the many errours that he fell into by his infufficiency for the Popedom) made fevcr-al Inftances to him, that he would i'pontaneoufly be pleafed to renounce the Papacy, and not expofe the Church to fc many perils.

Hereunto they were ftirred up by the inftigation oiBenedetto Gaeta- no (who was afterwards Boniface VIII.J Who was a Cardinal of great Learningand Experience, but fo extreamly ambitious of the Papacy., tjiat heleftnoStoneunturn'd tocompafs his defigns. And becaufe he favv he might eaiily bring it about, if Ce/fjfmf would renounce, he perfwaded Celejiine to refign, laying it to him as a fcruple of confci- ence, telling him, that at the dayof Judgement it would be imputed tohim, if any ill did happen to the Church. GaetanoYiktwi^t fuborn- ed fome of Celejihie^s friends, to make an hole , correfponding with that part of the chamber iri which the Pope's bed flood , from whence thej^ cryed all night long with a.molidifmaJ voice ,.as. if it had been

the.

Cent. T 3- Of FRANCE. 125

the Judgement of Heaven , Celejiine^ Celefiiite, lay down the Topedom for it is a charge tBO great for your abilities. Cf/e/fi«f hereupon re- figneth the Papacy in the fixth Month after his creation, and returned to the Cell from whence he came.

The fame day in which Ce/e/fi«e renounced, the Cardinals without the form of the conclave, chofe the faid Gaetan with open Votes. He being declared Pope, and having aflumed the name of Boniface VIII. began his Reign with fo much infolence and Tyranny, that in a (hort time he gain'd the Title of Nero II.

A great AiTembly meet in the City of Gramont^Anno i2$6. where Adolph t\\t'E.i[WY>^\o\M^Edtvard¥J\x\^oi England^iho. Duke of Attflria, Ji)hn Dlike of Brabant^ the Earl of Jatiers, and his Son v John Earl of Holland znd Henuault ^Robert Earl of Never s ^ William-, Henry , and Guy of Flanders , unanimoully refolve to make War againft King - Fhilip. The colour was to maintain Guy Earl of Flanders , unjuftly afflidted by Thilip,who had violently taken and ftoll'n away his Daugh- ter, and detained her againft the right of Nations, refufing to reftore her to har Father, It was decreed, that C«y fhould begin by force, and be well feconded by the Emperour, and the EngUJlj.

But before they come to Arms, Pope Boniface, fliould make the firft point by the luftre of his Authority. This Pope commandeth Thilip by his Nuncio to reftore to the Englijh and Flemmings what they de*, manded,andfor not obeying, he cites him to app^ear ^x. Rome upon pain of Excommunication. ?bilip fends an honourable Embaffage to Rome, by the Arch-Bi(hop of Rhemes, and the Earl of St. Paul to lay open his right againft the Deputies of the King of England, and the Earl of Flanders, who were then at Rome to complain , as being- wronged.

All parties being heard , Boniface dccreeth , that Thilip (hould' yield unto Edward, and to Gwy all they demanded both in Guienne and Flanders , charging the Arch-Bl(hop of Rhemes , to fignifie this Bull unto the King upon pain of Excommunication for not' obeying.

P^i///> being undaunted, prepares to defend himfelf, invades F/^xa* derszr\A defeats the Flemmings, {(.'ntx\\ upon all Flanders,zr]d the Earl of F/<»«^fr/ is forfaken by his confederates. Guy with his children' and followers are imprifoned in fundry places in France under fure guards. Philip g^euing Flanders, and uniting it to the Crown of France. He comes to Gaunt, where he is received as their So- veraign , appointing James of ChajiiUm Lord of Leufe , and Gonde, for Governour and Lieutenant-Gericral , and fo returneth to PariSi

The people of F/<i«<:/frj being oppreflTed , revolt from thilip. All the Cities (C?<»»/«* excepted^ make«n oftcnfiyeand defenlive League

againft;^

126 %'^t CCClefiattlCal l^tdO?^ Cent. 14.

againfl: Ring Philip , and for their Earl's delivery : At Bruget the Trench are flain by their Hofts. The Nobility joyn with the people.

Fhiiip prepares an Army of 40000 Men, but even at his entry into Flajiders, returns again. His fuddea retreat incenfed this mutinous people more, and gave courage to their Commanders. Tf>ilip feeing his Errour , raifeth another Army of 40000 men , and puts them under the command of Kobert,Eir\ of Artois , accompanied wkh the Conflable of France, and many other great Perfonages._

Century XIV.

THe Armies foiementioned meet near unto the Town of Court- ray^ in a place called Groeming. The French were defeated. Of this great Army there hardly efcaped three hundred: not one Commander efcaped , and very few Noble-men. There were taken Kdhert Earl of Jrtoif , General of the Army , the Conftable of France , James of Chaftillon , Governour of Flanders^ John King of Majorca, Godfrey of Brabant^ and his Son the Lord of Viezon, the Earls of Ea>e, la March ^ Vamartin, Anmale, Ange, l!ank^r~ ville^ and many other great Perfonages. Twelve hundred Gentlemen were flain by this enraged Multitude. All Flanders now revolted from the Fre^c/^. This happened in the Year, 1302. on July ir. John of Namoiir is their Governour in the abfence of their impri- soned Earl.

All the threats of the King of England^ and the Emperour now va- nifhcd away : only Pope Boniface had Excommunicated King Thilip^ and interdicted hisRealminthe hotteft of thefe Hf/Mw;/&affairs,upon this occafion.

The Chriftians Eftafe was lamentable in the Ea(? , the 'tartariam encreafed daily. ThePopf, Anno 1301. fent Boniface BiQiop of Apa- OTfiZ unto King Philip, requiring him to go into the Holy Land. When theBifhop faw no appearance of obedience, he threatned the King, that the Pope would deprive him of his Kingdom.

whereupon the Bifliop being charged of Arrogancy and Tieafon,

and

Cent.i4. Of FRANCE. iij

— I ' ■---■■-■■I ■ -.. ^^^— — ^^— ^^■^^^i* .

and caft into Prifon, the Pope fends to him again one Teter , a Koman - born fArch Bifhop of Narbon) commani'wg him to fet the Bi(hop at liberty, and to take a Voyage againfl: thclnfidels, and not to med- dle with the Tenths of the Clergy. Philift iuCwcxed , his troubles at home hindred him from going into theE«/f, and conftrained him to impofe a Subfidy upon the Clergy ; and he was willing to difmifs the Bifhop.

The Arch- Bifliop replyed, that he was ignorant of the Pope's Au- thority, who was not only the Father of Chriftian Souls, but alfoSc- veraign Lord in Temporal things.

And therefore by that Authority he did excommunicate him , de- claring him unworthy to reign, and his Realm forfeited to the Pope, to invert whom he pleafed.

Moreover, he brought another Bull diredted to the Prelates and No- blemen of Fr^jw?, whereby he acquitted all Frpw/'-wftt, and difpen- fed with them as to their Oath of Allegiance to Thilip. And cited all" the Prelates and Divines of the French Church to appear before hiim at E.owe,difanullingall indulgences and priviledges granted to the Freuoh by any Popes his predeceflburs.

The Earl of Artois difdaining this affront, takes the Bull and carts it - into the fire. Thilip was fo born out by the Peers of France^ that when he demanded their advice, how he fhould demean himfelf, andi whether he (hould put up that wrong \ they anfwered. That they- were ready not only to fpend their goods (which they there wholly offered unto him for that end,) but alfo to expofe their perfons cvett'. to death for him, not refufing any torments. Adding further , and that more plainly by word of mouth, That if the Ring ( which God forbidj would fuffer it,or connive at it, yet for their parts they would' never endure it.

Mr. jfo/^aT///f*Birtiop of Piimfpeakingof this Faftin his French- . Chronicle, The impudence of this man (faith he of Boniface) was wonderful, who durft affirm, that the Realm of France was a Benefice of the Papal Majerty. But I think them (faith he; the greater fools- who difpute the point, whether the Pope hath this power or no : he put our Frjwe under an Interdid for the time, but the Bifhops took the King's part.

King ihilip appealed from the ufurpations and infolencies of Bs«/-^ face VIII. to the See Apoftolick then vacant (as he faidj and to a fu- ture Council as P/.«i«i» faith in his Life. The States of France difa- piatinain Bcoei- nulled B««»/dcf 's excommunication. B»nifacehy a glofing Letter of fac.8. his written unto the Bi(hops,endeavoureth to make them approve his unjuft proceedings agaiurt King P^////> : where he faith among other things-, Thofe who hold that Temporal matters are not fubjed to fpiritual, do not ihcy go about to make, two Princes? He- complains

128 Xljeeccieftaaicaii^iftoj^ Cent. 14.

alfo of the Parliament holden at Paris^ where it was enaded ffaith he) by under-hand and begged voices, that none {hould appear before him upon the fummons of the See Apoftolick ? iw«h. Weftm.' He complalns alfo of the Report which was made to that Affembly ir 2. fub, Ann. -by jy4r. Peter Flotte^ whom he calleth Belial , half blind in body , and- :quite in underftanding. This was the man, who being fent in Embaf- fage to him by King Fhilip^ to that faying of his , [rve have both the me porper and the other"] made this reply in behalf of his Mafter,_yo«ri- ■is verbal, but ours is real.

This Pope will have it neceiTary to falvation, to believe that all the

•faithful people of Chrift are fubjed to the Pope of Rome : and that

■ lie hath both the fwords, and that he judgeth all men, and is judged

of none. This Boniface wa§ the Authour of the fixth book of the

-Decretals.

King Philip {ends back the Pope's two Nuncio's to Kome , and for- ijids the Prelates of France to go, or fend any Money to Kome. This being>done, Philip raifeth newTorces, to return into Flanders, and fub- ; dueth the Flemmings, but by the inftance of John Duke of Brabant^ he

'" makes peace with them upon ftrid conditions. During this Treaty

Ouy Earl of Flanders, and his Daughter do both dye. Robert, Willi- am, and Guy, Brethren, the Sons of the Earl Ctty of Flanders were iireed with all the Prifoners. Ifabel the Daughter of Philip is married to Edfvardtbe fecond, King of England.

This War of Flanders had wafted above three hundred thou- fand French men in eleven years, during the which it continued.

Adolph was depofed from the Empire by a Decree of the Electors, and Albert oi Aujlria was feated in his place, whopurfuing him with War, flew him with his own hand in an encounter near unto Spire.

Albert being chofen and inftalled Emperour , Boniface prefently feeks to win him againftKingP/;///^. He proclaims him Emperour, andinvefts him King of the Realm of France , giving him both the « Title and Arms, and taking occafion to fow divifion in the heart of the Realm by means of the Clergy, who by reafon of their Revenues had great power in the State. He alfo wrote Letters to Philip m this manner.

Boniface Bifhop, Servant of the Servants of God , to Philip King of French-men. Fear God, and obferve his Commandmens. We If ill theetoundcrfiand, that thou art fub')eU ttnteus both in Spiritual things, and in Temporal ■■, and that it belongeth not to Iheeto give any Prebend or Benefice. If thou haji the keeping of any of them being vacant ,. thou muji referve the profits of them to the Succe^ours, If "thou ha(l given any^ tve judge thy gift to he void, and do revoke all that hath been done.

And

Cent. 14. Of F R A N C E. 139

And rvhofoever believeth othertvife ^ We judge them Heretkki. Given at LateraH, the fourth of the Nonef of Veeember^ in the fixth year of our Popedom.

Unto this Letter of the Pope, King P^i/ip makes Arifvver in manner as foUoweth.

Thilip^by the Grace of God^ King c/ France, to Boniface, calling himjelf the Soveraign Bifhsp , little or m health. Let thy foolijhttefs \iiorv, that in 'Temporal things we are fuh'jeU to no Man , and that the • Ciftt of Frebendi and Benefices made^ and to he made by Vs , ivere and (^faU be good, both in time paf} and to come : and that We if ill defend manfully the poffejfuur of the faid Benefices, andlVe think^ them that be- lifve or thinks othermfe, fools and mad-men. Given at VarU the Wed' nefday nfiet Candlemof, Anno I ^01,

After thefe and other Writings had pafTed to and fro , between the French King and the Pope, within a year and an half after , the King fummoneth a Parliament, fending down his Letters to his Sheriffs and other Officers, to fummon the Prelates and Barons of the Realm unto thefaid Court of Parliament according to the Tenour of the King's Letters Patents.

Ther\ William Nagaretta, Knight and profeffour of the Laws, made yid. fox Aflft a large Declaration and appeal againll Pope Boniface VIII. at Taris be- Monum.Tom.u fore the King and his Council. P'*^*'

He taxeth Boniface to bean Intruder into the Papacy, that entring not in at the door, he is to be judged a Thief and a Robber. H«Je- clares him to be guilty of many Herefies, and to be an horrible Simo- niack. He chargeth him with curling and blafphemy,a blood-thirfly man, a deftroyer of the Churches, one that is very greedy after gold, and rooted in all fins, that he is the Abomination of T>ej elation, At' fcribed by Daniel the Prophet.

Then he thus fpeaks to King Thilip, I hefeech you,my Lord and King, that you would declare thus much to the Prelates , Voders , People and Frinces, your Brethren in Chrtji, and chiefly to the Cardinals and all Pre- lates, and call a Council. In the which, when the aforefaid Boniface it condemned by the worthy Cardinals , the Church may be provided of a, Fajior. And I befeecb and require the faid Cardinals by you , and Ire- quire them and the Church of God, that this wicked Man being put in prifon, the Church of Komc may be provided of aVicar, which may mi- nijler thofe things that Jljall appertain, until the Church of God be pro'- vided of a Bifliop, utterly to takg away all occafion of Schifm.

After this proteftation of Nagaretta, immediately enfued the Ap-

S peal

130 5::!je cccieftadtcai !f tdo?^ cent.14.

peal of the King, pronounced and publiflied againft the faid Boniface. The manner and form is fet down at large by Mr. Fox^ A£f& Monum. Tow. I. f. 449.450. This was done, /4««o 1303.

IndidioHe friina^Jme i^. onxht i^'''- d^y of the fame Month of June, the aforefaid K-ing Thili^ being prefent , and alfo the Lords, Arch-Bifliops,Bi[hops, Abbots, Priors, and many witneffes .being pre- fent, TFilliaino£ P/^/j^mo Knight, objeded, propounded, affirmed, and read out of a certain paper which he held in his hand divers Articles againft Pope Boniface, to the number of thirty , charging him with, denying the immortality of the Soul, with afferting that w bore- dom is no fin, charging him with Witch-craft, Simony , Sodomy, Murther, OppreiGon, Bribery, Adultery , and many other deteftable fins.

T-hefe things being thus read and done, King P/-'///^ anfwered, and his Appeal is as followeth.

We Philip by the Grace of God, hearing and under(ia}fding the OhjeUi- OTis propounded by our beloved and faithful Knight, W. of tiag-ixsttzagainji Boniface, having non> the Keginient of the Pvomifli Church , dec. T^e earnelUy befeech and require, in the Bov^els ef Jefm Chriji, yon Arch-Bz- ffjopf, and other Prelates here Prefent , as Children of the Church , and ■pilars of the Faith , that you rvould labour the calling and ajfembling of a Ceuncih in rvhieh We intend to beperfonally prefent, &c.

Then the Arch-Bi(hops,Bi(hops, Abbots, and Priors, anfwered the. prem.iiTes.provoked and Appealed, t^o-. And made an Appellation, Agreement, and proteft^tion , as was contained in a certain paper, there openly and plainly read, in Tenour and Form following.

TFe Jrch-Bifhops of Nicofen, Remen, Senorem, Narbon , andBiJhopt c/Lasidviren.Belnacen, Carolacen, Antifidoce, Meldimen, Nurmen, Chartres, Orleans, Anjou, Conftance, rvith many others. And we Ab- bots of Clugny, prceaionftrator 0/ *^e greater Monajlery of the Court of 5^ Denis in France , St. Vidor , St. Genoveue, St. Martin, &c. and Fryar Hugh, V:fttor vf the Hcufes of the Order of Knights of St. John ef Jerufalem in France, and the Father Trior of St, Martin inthepeldi-, &c. Hearing thefe things which rvere faid, propounded, and obje£jed yeji- erday, and today, by yoH the Lords, Earls, and Wil. afonfaid , againfi Tope Boniface VIII. &c. We anfvcer you, our Lord and King, and yoft., ear Lords ^Earls, and wiWhm, that (the Honour and Reverence of the Holy Romi(h Church faked i:t all points J rre agree to. your due 'Recfuefi in this behalf for the calling of the Council, and are ready to affiji to the calling together of the fiid Council, according to the Decrees of the Ho- ly Fathers, and to the lanful Crdtrs of th Canvm , not intending by

Cent. 14. Of FRANCE. 151

any meant to make parties of this matter^ nor to flick^ to any that ma^eth parties. Andlejirve ^ouldbehindredhy any means by the faid Boni- face, by Excommunication, fufpenfwn, inter diUion, depoftng , deprivation, &c. And that rve may fit in the fame Council to judge and do all other things that belong to the Office of Prelates ; that We , onr friends, our fubje£{s,Ta^ijh-Chiirches,Qcc. may remain fafe. We provoke, and Ap- peal in Writing to the afore faid Council that is to be gathered, and to him that (hall be the true and lawful higheji Bijhop , and to him or them to whom of right we should Appeal, and do earneftly require our Appellati- ens: committing us, our ?ariJh-Churches, and them that flicks to m\ our ftate and theirs^ dec. to the godly defense of the aforefaid Council^ and of him that jhall he true and lawful higheji Bijhop. And we protefl to renew this Appellation , where , when , and before whom it Jhall be thought meet.

This was done at TarU, at Lupara, in the Channber of the King, many Lords , and Earls , Knights and Clerks, and others being Witneffes.

After thefe things thus in the Parliament decreed, and agreed > the Prelates confulting with themfelves what to do in fo doubtful a mat- ta\ and dreading the Pope's difpleafure for what was now done, to clear themfelves to the Pope, partly to certitie hin:i what was done, and partly alfo to admonifh him what he fliould dOj fent this enfuing Let- ter to him, thus direfted.

To their moft Holy Father, and dearefi: beloved Lord, Boniface, the chief BiQiop of the Holy Row;}?/ Church , and the Univerfal Church: his humble and devout Arch-Bifi:iops, Abbots, Priors, Conventuals , Deans, Provofts, Chapters, Covents, and Col- ledges, of the Cathedral and Collegiat Churches , Regular and Secular, of all the Realm of France, being gathered together, do offer moft devout killings of your bleffed Feet.

We are compelled with f arrow to ftgnijie unto your Holinefs , that our 7no\l dear Lord Philip by the Grace of God the noble King of France, when p^^ j^^ ^ ^^_ tve faw the Letters fealed and fent to him of late on your behalf by the num. Tom. i.p. Cardinal of ^d.\ho,yoHr Notary, and by him were prefented to him, aw^i "^'^ •+>■*• certain others of his Barons, upon tb$ perufing of thefe bloody Letters, being read unto them fitting by him, both our Lord the King , and the Barons were highly incenfed. Ihen the King commanded to be called be- fore him tfje other Barons then abfent, and us alfo to appear perfonally, &c. Being all thus called, and come together, we flood before the King */>J5 Wednefday tf i«^ the tenth of this pre fent April , in St. MaryV Church /« Palis, "there our Lord the King told us, that it ws fignifed

S 2 to

1 32. X^t cccleftalltcai ^tfto?^ Cent^ 14.

it him (amongother things) by the aforefaid Cardinal and Letters^ that for hU Kingdom (which he and hit Ancejhrs hitherto do ackitov^ledge they hold of God only) mrv ought in Temporal things to be fuhjeS unto yoif-, and hold of you.

And ye baie^called to appear before youilfe Trelates and Clergy of the- faidKealm, forthe correding of fuch wrongs as ye pretend to be done toEcclefiaftical perfoMS,beth Kegular and Secular abiding mthin the Keahn andelfervhere^ &c. .

Te are charged alfo for referving, and wilful ordering of Arch-Bi- (hoprickji Bijhoprickj-, and beflowing of great Benefices of the Realm nprf Strangers^wherehy the decay of God''s Worfhip hath enfued^the pious wiHi of the godly Founders^ are defi-auded of their godly purpofe , the poor of this Kealfu are without their acctiftomed Alms, the Realm is impoverijhed' and the Church is in danger of Ruine , the Churches being unferved^ whiljithe Frophets are taken away^ the fruits of thofe that ferve them being given unto ftrangers.

Alfo He complained of new "taxes laid upon the Churches, with un-' meafurable exaUions^ by which the general State of the Church if chatt' ged, &G,

iberefore he required us all, both- Trelates and Barons to ordain whole-^ fome things, for the eafntg of the aforefaid grievances , and for redrejjtng ihe Realm and the Ytcnch Church : and therefore we fiould regard to be ready with counfel to help in~ feafon (as we are bound by the duty of fide" lity) in thefe things.

Then the Barons having debated together on thefe matters , coming to ■ our-Lord the King, and thanking him for Ini laudable purpofe , anfwered vpith one voice, that for thofe things they were not only ready to offer to fpend their goods, hut alfo to yield their perfons unto death: adding, that if the King would fuffer thefe things, yet they would not.

Then our anfwer being demanded, we faid , that we would not offend^ 'againfi the libertyef the Realm, nor by any means innovate things con' trary to the King's honour in that behalf.

TFe exhorted him to keep the bond of Vnity,which hath continued until noiv, beiwixt the Holy ^on\i(h Church, and Ins predeceJJ'ours ; but when we were told, that if any Man were of a contrary mind , from thenceforth he- fhould be manifeftly ceunted-an "Enemy of the King and the Realm; we anfwered, that we would help our Lord the King with due counfel and Aid^ for the preferving of hU perfon, and of the Laws and Liberties of the faid Realm, like as we are (certain of us) by the duty of Allegiance boundtohim^ which hold of him Dukedoms , Earldoms, Baronies, Fff/, &c. by the form of the Oath as all others do. let we requeued the King that feeingwe were hound to obey your Holinefs, he would fuffer us to go according to the Tenour of your aforejaid calling.- Then it was anfwered onthebehalf of the-King and Karons ^ that inno cafs they -wsuld fuffer ut in go oat of ibe Realm, "'~ "" " '" ?''^^§*

Cent. 14. Of FRANCE. 133

Then rve conftdering of fo great an anger, and trouble fo jeopardous: and alforchat things are attempted againji Churches and Church-men^ to fpoil their Goods and Riches^ with 'jeopardy of life-', feeing that the Laity do now abhor the obedience of Clerks^ and have tahgn courage to condemn the Ec- elefiaflical cenfnrc andprocefs, &c. Jf'''e thought good in thif point of great- eft neceffity to runwith fighs and tears to the Wifdom of yjj^r Holinefs^ befeeching your Fatherly mildnefs^ that fome rvholefome remedy may be provided in the premijfes, by which the found pro^tahle agreement, and- mutual love, which hath continued fo long a time betwixt the Church , the King aud the Realm, may be maintained in that old fweet Concord , the State of the French Church may continue in godly and quiet peace , and that ye would vouchfafe toforefeehorptowithflandthe dangers and offen- ces afore faid,th at we and our States may be provided for by the afore- faid Commandement of your calling, by the fludy of your Apoftolical Wifdom,and Fatherly Lmie. "the Almighty preferve your Holineji to his Holy Church a long time.

In the next year, viz. 1304; about the Nativity of our Lady, came a number of HarnefFed Souldiers well appointed, fent partly by the French King, partly by the Cardinals of Columna Cwhom' the Pope before had depofed) unto the Gates o( Arvagiutn, or Anagnr, where the Pope had hid himfelf There Sciarra Co/o««<i, Brother to the aforefaid Cardinals, after many affronts done to his perfon and thoft that were about him, and the plundering him of all his "Wealth and Riches, carryed him to Rome, where at the end of 35 days he dyed of Anger,in the ninth year of his Pontificate: fothaffbme took occation to fay, he entred like a Fox, governed like a Lyon , and dyed like a Dog, he dyed Odober 11.

The Cardinals went into the conclave the 2 1 of the fame Month, and the next morning, they eleded the Cardinal d' Ofiia , called Fra. Nicholas di Trevifo, of the order of the preachers, who took upon him the name of BenediSill, but he dyed in Perugia, in the eighth month of his Pontificate, in which City the whole Court being at that time, it was refolved a new Pope fhould be chofen : but they trifled away their time in difputes and clamours for two months.

The reafon was, the Cardinals were divided into three fadlions: one ftuck clofe to Charles King of Naples, who would have a Pope accor- ding to his way : another was for the principal Barons of Koffze, and a. third flood firm to the intereft of Fhilip Kiag of France, who had fent no fmall films of Money and other prefents to Cardinal Fietr'o Colonna, to the end, that with j''<7*Me/his'Uncle,a Cardinal of the fame name, they might keep up the interelt of France.

At length Cardinal Feter corrupted fuch with his gold, as he knew were covetous of it,: feeding themonwith promifes befidcs , fo that

part >;

134 ^ft^ ecciefiafticai i^iiJoj^ cent. 14.

f-Hi-

part of the Cardinals being faft in thofe Chains, and part of themin- timidated with the threats of the Perugians xiovf in Arms, Cardinal Co/o««tfproporingthe Bifliopof Bwifi^wK, who was a great lover of the King of France, he was chofen by common confent, and a Courier fent poll tohim (who was then at his Biflioprick ) to know what name he would carry : he replyed, h« would not change the name he was baptized with, which was Clement, and fo he was publiflied accor- x3ingly to the people, and called Clement the fifth.

After publication in the ufual place, the Cardinals difpatched feve- lal mcffengers to the new Pope, to entreat him to haften his Journey into Italy.

But the Pope being inftruifted by the King of France , made anfwer,

D '2?"'^"^^'^"'° that the Flock was to follow the Shepherd, and not the Shepherd the

Flock, commanding the Cardinals immediately to repair to him

in France, and particularly in the City of Foidiers, as they alfo

did.

This Clement was the firfi of feven French Popes , which held the See one after another, untoVrbanVl. under whom the I*j/i<j;jj recove- red it again with much trouble. Thefe feven Popes were Clement V. John XXII. BenediCl XII. Clement VI. Innocent VI. Vrban V. Gregory XI.

Clement V. being chofen Pope, he came to Lyens, where King Vhili^ received him, accompanied with the Kings of England and Arragon in great pomp.

The Pope was on Horfeback, and the King with his two Brethren on Foot, holding the Reigns ot his Horfe. He was crowned in the Temple of St. faftus, where they had built a great Theatre for fo goodly a fpediacle. Buttheprefs of people was fp great , that the Scaffold brake , fo that the multitude fell one upon another. The Popei King, Princes and Noble- men were all on an heap, and the Scaf- fold faftned to an old Wall pulled it down. The King was hurt in the Head, the Pope in the Foot, and the Duke o{ Britain flain, with many Noble- men, and multitudes of the common people, that were fmothcred under thefe mines. The Pope's Crown fell from his Head into the prefs, where he loft a Carbuncle, valued at fix thoufand florins of Gold.

Thus this feaft gave no caufe of joy , but was famous to pofterity by this notable accident , and by the tranflation of the Pope's feat from Rome to Avignon, ^nno 1305. unto the year I37J>. under Vrhan VI. viz. the fpace of feventy four years.

This unlucky pomp being ended, Clement cixated many French Cardinals (and not one Ii«/iii«) and removed the Court prefently to Avignon. He avouched openly to keep a Concubine, the Daughter of CouRti/e fuM^ he fent three Caidinals with Senatorial power

to

Cent.14. Of FRANCE. 135

.^ . : —. "T

to govern B-ome and Italy. He ordained , that none (hould ufe the Title, or exercife the power of Emperour, until he were confirmed by the Pope.

In the year 1307. a Parliament was fummoned againft Pope Clemem by King Thilip^ touching temporal jurifdidion belonging to Princes, and Ecclefiaftical belonging to the Church. Forafmuch , as Pope Clement V. extolled himfelf above all Princes, as in other Countries, fo alfo in frame he extended his ufurped jurifdi6tion above the Princely Authority of the King, claiming to himfelf full government of both the States, as well Secular as Ecclefiaftical > the King there- fore direfteth his Letters mandatory to the Prelates and Barons of the Realm of fca««, to affemblethemfelves together at Taris in the Year afore-mentioned in the beginning of Decfw/jfr.

At the day fpecified in thofe Letters the Prelates a'nd Clergy afTem- FoxAa^Mbi- bled themfelves before the King at his palace in Varis^ where after due 451.463. reverence done unto the King, there fitting in his own perfon with his Barons and Council about him, a certain wife and noble Lord , Tet^f de Cugneriis^ovie of the King's Council, ftands up, and makes an Ora- tion before the Parliament in the King's behalf. His Oration is divi- ded into two parts. I, He flieweth, that obedience and reverence is due unto the King. 3. That there ought to be a difference betwixt the jurifdidion of the Clergy and Laity , fo that fpiritual matters (hould be defined and ordered by the Prelates and fpiritual men ; and Temporal caufes ruled and determined by the King, his Barons , and Temporal men.

All which he proved by many reafons, both of Fa£t and Law. His Articles agiinff Oration being ended, he repeated certain words in the French Tongue, th« clergy of. which imported, that the King's Will and pleafure was in fome points ^''''""" ■ to renew the Temporal State and jurifdidion : and therewith he exhi- bited a certain Bill in French, whereof alfo he gave a Copy to the Prelates, containing fixty five Articles, which may be read at large in- Mr. Fox his A£is and Mowtmenti^ Vol. i .. f. 462 . 463 . 464. 4(5 5.

Afterhehadfpoken, the Prelates required to have time to anfwer thereunto : whereupon the Friday next cnfuing was appointed for the lame, on the which day the Bifliop E^w«, and the Arch- Bifhop q{ Se Hon Eled, in the name of the whole Clergy, anfvvered for themall be- before the King, holding his Parliament on that day at Vkenas. They endeavour to prove, that both the Temporal and Spiritual jurisdidionS' arecotnpatible, notwith|kndipg thediltindionof them one from the other. Then they proceed, to prove that a perfon Ecclefiaftical, which hath Jurifdidion Spiritual, may alfo have Temporal jurifdidion , and that the jurifdidion Temporal may be in.ari EccleGaliical peirfon, they allcdgt for this the example of . Mekhifedec\i, who was both King and Piklt ; and of Samuel^ who wa^ both, f tk(t and Piophet , ' and foir a

long:,

136 %tit CCClefiaaical ^ittOP^ Cent. 14.

longtime appointed Judge over the people in Temporal matters. Theyaflertalfo thatChriftby his humane nature had both powers, (hewing that he was a Prieft after the order of Melchifedec\: and that he had both in hisvefture, and on his Thigh written, King of Kingt, and Lord of Lords. Many other places they cite out of the new Teftament.

Then they offer to prove it by the Civil Law, and by reafon , and many places in the Canon Law : they (hew, what privikdges of this nature had been granted to the Clergy by Chafles the Great , King of rT<i«c?, by Lewfs thefecondjand by other Kings oi' Frame ^ which priviledges they oifered to (hew. Moreover they aflert, that whatfo^ ever things be offered up to the Church, and are converted to the do- minion and property of the fame, be God's, and appertain, unto him, forasmuch as they be faid to be dedicated and fancSitied by him. But this jurifdidion which is diverfly converted to the Dominion and pro- perty of the French Church, is God's , and therefore to be referved to and for him.

They urge the King to confider, that at what time he was crowned he fware only thefe things following.

■I. That he would defend and maintain the Canonical Law, privi- ledge and Juftice granted to the Bi(hops,and the Church, and Cas much as in himlayj to enlarge and amplifie the fame. 2. Alfo that by his Arbitriment all Chriflian people at all times fhould keep the true peace of God and his Church. 3. That he (hould forbid to all Na- tions, all kinds of facriledges,fpoilings and iniquities, and that in all kind df Judgements he (hould will and command equity and mercy. 4. That throughout his whole Territory and jurifdidion, he (hould labour to exterminate and cut oif from the Church , the noted Hereticks.

They argue alfo, that by the poffefiions of the Church , many Bre- thren and Kinfmen of the French Nobility be maintained : F.rgo^ fuch ppffeffions are not to be grudged at.

And becaufe a Bill of many Articles was exhibited, whereof part did infringe the whole Ecclefiaftical jurifdidion, to the defence thereof fthey faid J they would ftand to the death.

On the next Friday following, being Vecemh. 2p. the Prelates alTembled themfelves again together at the King's Palace in Var'vs^ where the Lord ?eter Bertrand, Bifhop of Esiz/e;/, fpake openly before the King, fitting with his Counfellours, and Barons about him. In his fpeech he extolled the King's perfon, and his miraculous attaining to the Crown of France, adding, that he ought to be the Champion and Defender of the Faith, all which he proved in few words by many

rea-

Cent. 14. Of F R A N C E. 1 37

reafons and Authorities. Afterwards he touched thofc propofitions which were propounded by the aforefaid Lord, Peter de Gugnerih.

He befought the King for his Souls health to maintain the rights and liberties of the Church i defiring him to confider what commo- dities he daily recciveth by the Church: and that his Church never failed him yet when he had need of the Laity, (hewing the dangers and examples of them who did to the contrary. Further, he en- treated the King, to weigh how entirely his Lord the Pope doth love his pcrfon and Realm.

After this, in thefaid Seffion, the aforefaid Bifhop of Edven, an- fwered particularly to the Articles exhibited by the Lord Peter in writing, to the King and Parliament. Which becaufe they touch more the fubtilty of the Law, and ftiles of the Courts, than are ne- ceflary to this our Hiftory : and becaufe I would rot burthen this Treatife with them, little profit being contained in them, I have here purpofely for brevities fake omitted them.

The next Friday after thisj the Prelates affembled at Vkenas before the King to heaj their anfwer : where the aforefaid Peter de Cng- fieriis (being Prolucutor for the King) faid that their King was to keep the rights of the Church and Prelates, which they had by Law , and by good and reafonable cuftom : where between the firft and fecond conclufion he went about to prove, that the cognition of civil caufea ought not to appertain to the Church ; for that fuch things were Temporal, and ought to pertain to the Temporalty, as Spiritual things to the Spiritualty. And befides his other' reafons, he alledged the 8^. ViJimS. declaring, that for this intent, the Clerks Crowns were firft (haven, in fign that they (hould be free from all worldlinefs, and for- fake all Temporal things. He added, that their Lord and King was ready to hear them, who would ioftrudt him of any cufiom, and thofe cu(\oms which were good and reafonable he would obferve.

The Bidiop Edven anfwered for all the Prelates , faying that the words of the Lord Peter engenited darknefsand obfcurity, and might give occafion to the Temporal Lords to break and infringe the Rites and Cufi:oms of the Church. As to that which was fpoken , con- cerning tbe (having of the crown, it was anfwered, that the crown did betoken rule and excellency i and the (having did lignifie, that they ought not to heap up Temporal things j fo as to apply their hearts thereunto i but that the Temporal things ought to be fubjed to them, and not they to the Temporalty. After divers other fpeeches, the faid Bi(hop concluded, and befought the King, that it would pleafe his Grace to give them a more plain and comfortable Anfwer , and that they might not go away fad and penllve out of his prefence , whereby occafion might be given to the Laixy to impugn the Rites and Liberties of the Church. In the end it was anfwered to them in the behalf of

T the

3§ 5E:f)e cccieftaatcai i^taoiv Gent.

- the King, that his mind and intent was not to impugn the Cuftoms of the Church.

- The Sunday foIlowingtheBifhopsaflembledthemfelves again before the King at Vkems, where the Bi(hop of Senoit in the name of all the Prelates gave humble thanks for it : andhe befoughtthat fuch Pro- clamations as were made to the prejudice of the Eccleliafticai jurif- didlion might be revoked and repealed. Hereunto the King himfelf anfwered with his own mouth, that they were not publilhed at his commandement, neither did he know of them, nor ratifie them.

Moreover, the Bithop propofed, that thofe abufes whicK the Tem- porally complained of, fhould be fo ordered and reformed, that every man fliould be content therewith. Finally he befought the King, thaV he would give them a fuller and more comfortable anfwer. Then anfwered the Lord Peter in the name of the King. That if the Pre- lates and BiChops would fee reformation of thofe things which were to be amended (about which he would take refpite betwixt this and ChrifimM next following^ his Majefty would innovate nothing in the mean time. And if in the aforefaid fpace they would not corredt and reform what was amifs,his Majefty would appoint fuch order and re- medy, that fnould be acceptable both to God and his Subjeds. Then the Prelates had leave of the King to depart and went home.

A brief recapitulation of Bifhop Edven's anfwer, with certain notes in anfwer to his Pop^ijh reafons, may be read in the j^^ij and Monuments- of the Church, />. 475. 477.

The Ecclefi-aftical Judges' have fince that time attempted to ufurp this jurifdidion over the Laity in cafe of Adultery , &c. but the complaint which was made of it by Peter de CMgHeriis^ on the behalf, r^P^ffiftoTrs'i of the King's Judges fwhich we may read at this day extant) did put htoi. an end to that trouble. And always whatfoever the Clergy attempted

tomeddlein fuch matters, they have been prohibited by the Parlia- ments upon Appeals, as from abufes, which have been put in againft their decrees.

Pope Clement had prom.ifed unto King Philip to abolifli the memory of Vope^onifaceVlU. and to anuU all his Ads, but by advice of- Cardinal ?)!•-«*?»/?/, he delayed unto a general Council , and this he NKcier. p.»72. fymmoned to beheld at Vienna in Frame ^ where the King required ' * from the Pope the performance of hispromife. The Council did zz-

knowledge Bo«if^cf to have been a lawful Pope: but they did de- clare all his A<3:s againft the King to havebeen unjuft, and that none of them (hould be prejudicial to the King, or to his ."^cceffours. In this Council the Pope propounded the aid of the Chriftians in Syria^ the punifliment of the 'templars , and the reformation of the Church; Wars were. proclaimed, and Indulgences wereoffered in thefe wordsv WerWill^ that thf fmifhrnsnt of HiHybenj-ryay laid ti^oH him , reho if

Cent. 14' Of FRANCE, 13a

!___ ^ , - _■<

pgned with the Crofs^grantiHgalfo unto every ^igned perfon porver to puU three or four Souls oKt of Purgatory at their pleafure. Hercat the Di- vines of Paris were offended, becaufe it was written in the fame Bull, We command the Angels to carry the abfolved Soul into Faradife. It was then a received Article, that the Pope may command the Angels as his Serjeants. Pope Clement granted great Indulgences to fuch as could not go, but could find Money for that ufe •, fo as he that gave a ^^^ ^j- ^^ ^,j penny, was to have one year's pardon: he that gave twelve pence French cbj-oni- twelve year's pardon : and he that would give as much as would ''*" maintain a man going over Seas, a plenary pardon for all. The Pope appointed certain men whom he put in truft for the receiving of this Money, llnfpeakable were the fums of Money that were given for the purchafing thefe pardons for five years together. At the end whereof, when the good men were ready to go, and perform what they had promifed and vowed, the bufinefs Was broke off, but the Pope kept the Money, the Marquefs his Nephew had a fliare of it, and King Philip the fair, and his three Sons, who had taken up the crofs to go thithex in pciioxijEdtpard King o( England^ and other noble perfons ftaycd at home.

In this Council it was ordained, that the feaft of CorpiK Chrifii fliould be kept, with many Indulgences granted unto them who (hould ce- lebrate this Feaft.

In the fame Council Pope Clement V. fet forth a Book of Papal dc- ^^^^ j;^^,^^. crees, called Liher Clementiarum, which was received, allowed and ra- Hift- in Ce»<.i4« tified by this Council. Wi««c/fr«j- faith, that C/eww* before his death repented the fetting out of this Book, and commanded it to be burnt. Yet notwithftanding the fucceeding Popes , and particularly John XXll. confirmed and Authorizedthe faid Book again , together with the Decretals of Gregory and Boniface^ becaufe thefe Books highly ad- vanced the See of Kome^ exempting the Biftiop of Kome from fab- je(Sion to general Councils, and attributing power to him to receive or rejetft the Emperour after he is chofen, comparing the Pope to the SuH,and theEmperburto the Moon. Finally, counting it a thing neceflary unto Eternal Life, that every perfonbe fubjeiS to the Bifhop of Rome,

It was alfo ordained, that Schools (hould be creded , and foreign

, Tongues (hould be learned, namely, the Hebrerv^'Chaldaick^, and Arabick^

Languages. It was alfo ordained, that the name and remembrance of

the Templars fhould be rooted out : which decree was put in execution

by all Chriftian Princes.

Know then, that about nineteen years after the Chriftianshad loft all t!,o. Fuller fup." ix)Palefiine,hy the cruel deed of Pope Clement V. and toul Fadl of picTi-Hift.ficri- rM/;> the fair, King of France, the templars were finally extirpated '"■"^''"■'" out of all Chriftendom.

T 2 Pope

I40 %5e cccieftaCKcan^tilo?^ Cent. 14.

Pope Clement having long fojourned in France^ had received many great courtefies from King P/'////'j yea he owed little lefs than hitnfelf to him. At lafl: Philip requefted of him a boon, great enough (faith my Authour) for a King to ask, and a Pope to grant, namely , all the • ' Lands of the Knights Templars in France^ forfeited by reafon of their

horrible Herefies, and licentious living. The Pope was willing to- gratifie him in fome good proposition for his favours received, and '[ being thus long the King's Gueft, he gave him the 'templars Lands,

and Goods to pay for his entertainment.

On a fudden all the Templars in France are clapt in prifoa , damna- ble fins were laid to their charge , as facrificing of Men to an Idol they worthipped i roafting of a7'(?/w/'/(fr's Baftard , and drinking his Blood, fpitting upon the crofs of Chrift, confpiring with Turkj and Saracens againft Chriftianity,they were charged with Sodomy, Beftia- lity, with many other Villanies out of the Road of humane corruption,^ and as far from Man's Nature as God's Law*

The fole witnefs againft them was one of their own Order, a noto- rious MalefaiSor^ who at the fam.© time being in prifon, and to fufFer for his own offences, condemned by the Mafter of their Order , fought- toprxjvehislnnocency, by charging all his own Order to be guilty. And he fvvore moft heartily to whatfoever was objedled againft their Order. Befides, many of the lempl'ars being brought upon the rack,. confeffed- the accufations to be true, v^herewith they were charged. " Hereupon all the Templars were moft cruelly burned to deatb

at a flake through all Fm»w , with "James. ^ the Grand- Mafter of their Order.

Many men accounted not the Tcw/'/^)'/ MalefatSors, but Martyrs. Firft, becaufe the witnefs was unfufficient, a Malefador againft his Judge-, and Secondly, they bring tortured men againft themfelves. And a confcilion extorted upon the Rack ( fay fome ) is of nO' validity.

But being burned at the flake, they denyed it at their death,though • formerly they had confefTed it.

A Templar being to be burned at Bardeaux, and feeing the Pope and jjofpin. dc Orig. ^^'"8 ^^^^^P looking out of a Window, cryed unto them, Clement thou ■ Monach. ca. j8. cxuel Tyrant, feeing there is no Other among mortal men, to whom I !o-J«. (hculd appeal for my unjuft Death, I cite Thee together with King-

Fhilip to the Tribunal of Chrift, the juft Judge who redeemed me, there both to appear within one year and a day, -where I will lay open my caufe, and Juftice fliall be done without any by- refped. In like^ mannerij^wej- Grand- Mafter of theT'emplars, though by piece-meal he was tortured to death, craved pardon of God, and thofe of his or- der. That forced by extremity, of pain upon the rack, and allured, with hope of life, he had acculed them of fuch damnable fins whera--

Cetit.14. Of FRANCE. 141

of they were innocent. True it is, they were generally cryed up for innocents. '

But Pope Clement and King Philip, were within the time prefixed furamoned by death to anfwer to God for what they had done. Be- fides , King Philip miffed of his expedation , and the morfel fell befides his Mouth , the. Lands of the 'templars which were firft granted to him as a portion for his youngeft Son , being after- wards by the Council of Vienne beftowed on the Knights-Hof^ pitallers.

JVilliam Vurand Qi(hop 0^ Menda in Langrtedoc , being fummoned by Clement V. to the general Council at Vienne^ to come and fee what was fitting to be reformed in the Church , made a Book de Confiliis, toward the beginning whereof he faith. It feemeth to be a thing con- fiderable, and it is moji expedient and necejfary^ that before any thing elfe roe Jhould proceed to the corre^ion and reformation of fuch things as ought to be correUedand reformed in the Church of God, oi well in the head as the Members. And in the firft Chapter of the third Book. Verily, as concerning the 'Reformation of the Catholick^ Church,^ to bring it about profitably and effectually, it feems expedient that it begin at the Head^ that is, at the Holy Church of Rome, which is the Head of all others^ Then he fets down in particular, fuch things as flood in need of refor- mation, notably reprefenting many abufes of the See of Kome that de- fctved to be correded. But for all his learned difcourfe there was nothing done therein in that.Council, Witnefs the Bifliop of Pamr^ mo in his advice touching the Council of Bajlh This decree concern- eth the general Eflate of the Church •, and the matters belong to a general Reformation, which may be hindred by a diffolution, as it was by the diffolution of the Council of Vienne.

D»r4«<i further faid in that Council, that the Court of Rome, and the Colkdge of Cardinals, together with the Pope, would have a certain allowance of all Biftops that are preferred there s it feems very re- quifite that this were taken order with. For this errour doth much corrupt the Catholick Church , and the common people ; and the remedies which have been applyed hitherto are quite difregarded, inas- much as the contrary is ufually pradifed in the Court of Kome, as if it were no fin at all to commit Simony, or as if it were not all one to give firft , and then take, as firft to take, and then to give.

The thing was taken into confideration at the Council of Vienne, fo as they were once advifed, to allow the twentyeth part of alljivings j^^^^ Andr. ... in ChriftendomtothePope and his Cardinals : but at laft it was (hif- ca. inter ctruds-- ted off, without refolving upon any thing. ADodorof the Canon "**' "^'""" Law faith, it was better for thitibecaufe their covetoufnefs is fo unfatia- ble, that if that had been refolvedupon, they would have taken both. This Bilhop of Mende mentioned another abufe fit to be reformed,

Forj,

mi

142 ^fte Ctdefiafftcal l&tfto;t^ Cent. 14.

For, after he had faid, that every Bifliop's jurisdidion ought to be pre- served entire to himfelf, hezideth^Hat Ecclef^aj}ical Benefices, tvhkh belong to the collation and difpofal of Bijhops^ are beftoived by the See ApO' (iolic^^ and others, even before they be void \ and that Mof only in the Coart <?/ Rome, bnt out of it; horpbeit, the Bijhops mit^ give account of ■the cure^ and af thofe that execute them, n>hofe Cohfciences they are ut- terly ignorant of in^ismueb «/ they are none of their Preferring. He would never have demanded the reformation hereof, unkfs the abufc had been notorious.

Dwrand alfo perfwaded the abolition of Fraternities ^ for two lea-

fons, for their dliTolutenefs, and for their confpiracy againft fuperiours.

T3urandl de mo- 1* would be alfo ufcfid (faith hej that Fraternities, rvherein both Clergy

Hi'^rfrtit"'^^' ''"^^'''^'^^ «oi^?«g Jmt pamper themfelves mth delicates, live in dijfo'

lutenefs and drunkennefs^ and bufie themfelves in divers plots againft their

fitperiours rvere abolif};ed.

Then fpeaking of difpenfations, he faith , "that the very Nerves ef

Dufand de mo- *^^ Canqns and decrees are broken by the difpenfations which are made ae-

do celebr, con- Cording to the fiile of the Court of Rome, that they are againft the common ■

c!!.Tit,4.pirM.^^^^^ And Citing the Authority of St. Hierom writing to R»(?ic»r

^Bifl■lop of NarboM, he faith, Since Avarice is increafed in Churches as

xrell as in the Romzn Empire, the Latvis departed from the Friefts , and

feeing from the Frophets.

He gives us the definition of a difpenfation according to the Law- yers, which he faith, U a provident relaxation of the general Lavp counter- vailed by commodity or nece^ty: that if it be otherrpife ufedjt if not adif :fenfation but a difjpaiion,tkat the queftion is nom about the ftaining of the jiate of the Church ;■, that thofe tvho difpenfe upon unnecefary caufes , do err. Laflly, for matter of difpenfation he would have that obferved which Pope Leo faid, viz. "That there are fame things which cannot be altered upon any occafwn : others which may he tempered in regard of the necejfity of the times , or consideration of Mens Ages, but always with this Kefelution , when there is any doubt or ohfcurity , to follow that which is not contrary to the Gofpel, nor repugnant to the Decrees of Holy Fathers.

Concerning Exemptions, he further declareth in that Council, Ihat they give occaftento the perfons exempted to live mere dijfolutely, and more at their liberty, 'that they tak^ arvay the reverence and obedience which

^ol^bT.con^.'^^^ ^^^^'P^^o^^ ^'^^^ ^^^^''' ^'^i^'^^" '"^^ Ordinaries , and maks them general. Tit. 5« thinh^ themfelves as good men as the Bif^ops, and other their fuperiours, T«rti. ^^^^ ^j^^ corrediion and punijfjing ef faults and excejfes is hereby hindred

and brought to nothings Ihat they are p-rejudicial to the -whole Church Cathfflick^^ inasmuch as the exempted cannot be judged but by the Fope s ■and he cannot do it by reafon of his remotenefs from them i that they rob men of the means of doing many goad werkj in T'.eligion > that they are

caufe

Cent. 14- Of FRANCE. j^3

■ caufe of many fcandals. "that thafe to whom- they are granted abrtfe their ■ priviledges : Jhat they draw after them the ruine of Monalleries , being rather abHrtben than an hoaaur or profit to them.

"YhthvcitVurand mzmizmtih^ihat the Jofe hath no pxver to grant fuch exemptions ^confideringthat they overthrow the general order of the Catholic\CbHrch^ rvhich proceeds from Cod^ the Jpojilesy the Holy Fathers^ _ ^nd general Councils^ and which mas approved and confirmed by Popes. Ibat by this order^ all the Monajieries, Keligious places, Abbots, Abbejfes, Monks and Nuns y and all other Keligious and Ecclefiajiical perfons one immediately fubjeU to the government and guidance of Bijhops within their Cities andViocejj'es, as unto their Superiours, tbeAp.ofilesSucceffours^and' fttch as have power and Authority over them.

P.»/^«;^r faith, there were thefe remarkable excellencies in William' Durand : he was a great Divine, a great Lawyer, and an excellent Po- de'la'F"«f u. ' et. He put out a Book entituled Speculum Juris, divided into three 9- ci,is,uhW. great Tomes. As La»?W«/ among Divines is not ufually quoted by g^"^^^,'^; ' his own name, but by that ef Majier of the Sentences , fo among the Lawyers he is not quoted by the name of William Vurand , but he is ftiled Speculator. He delivered this Sentence about the Sacra- mehf. Verbum attdimus^ modum Senttmuf, modum nefcimm , pr^fenti^ am credimuf.

I find this given as his Charader. CulielmufVuranduf, omnis Vi'- vini Humanique juris Confulti^miu, Natione Vafca^fiaSus Epifcopuf Mi- matenfis. Scripfit Speculum juris , unde fpeculator efi ditus. Malta ? frofeCth'Utilia author monuit,& pracipue.de Ktformatione Fap£& ClVri, Illyr.Catal.Teft. verit.llb. 16.

- Lew«H«ti«, called Lewfx X. began to reign over France , Anno -13 1 5. and dyed ^»Ko 131(5. H£ left his Wife with child , who was delivered'of a Son, which lived but eight days. L^Wfj- left one Daugh- ter named Jane^ which wasQueen o£.J^iJWjrr,.aiid -Gountets Palatine ^ Brie zx\& Champ4gtianii'' ni'p*-l- . !;j):-.;.'t ir/i'.ViUH.-j ^^'P,. .

Thilip V. called the long,faccceded hisBrotheic'Ien»f/j;4wi(7 \^\6i He dyed in the fixth year of his Reign, riz. Anno 1322.

PopeC/fWffwtV. dyed, i4«Ko 1514. after whcfe death the Papacy fiood void two years and three ntionths. The Cardinals at laft did ■yield all their fuffrages wiStQ Jacob de OJfa Cardurcenfis, wlio afterwards ;W£nt up into the.Papal Chair, and ftid,, law ;Pr)pf. This was Jdhx iKXlI.. He was ■saCijlerdaitMoT^k, he .fatclini^thaEt feat^eighteeft 'years. -.•:: ; , . ' • .' , ■ ,■; - -■' '

This jfi)fc« believed, that the Souls do not enjoy the prefence df God beforethe day of Judgement. Hefenttwo Preachers -to Pa"/, !the one a Vominicaft, tht otha iFrattaifcait, toaire«tandmai«rain.the. fame Herefie. ,, ^ . ./.■.•'... u> .

But on^Jhomafj in.BitgliJh Pxcachexywitbftood the Popej -«idTthe

Pope

144 3^8^ eaitfMmi ^ittoti^ cem. 14.

p«» ■„ , - . , ■■ II ■ _ I , , ^~

Pope threw him into prifon. Hereupon the French King fummoned a £;ouncil unto his palace in Vintiana Sylva , the whole Affembly fuo- fcribed againft the Pope. Immediately the King fent to Pope John to reform his errour , and to fet the Preacher at liberty, ■which he did. Seme fay, that the Divines of Tans made him to re» cant his errour publickly. Append.to.Mat- This John XXII. eredied the Church of Iholoufe in France to an joa'nr°l°"Vub Arch-Bifhopriek, divided the Diocefs of thohuje into fix Bifhopricks, Ann. 1317. ' the Bifhops whereof fhould be fuffragans to the Arch- Biihop o( fha. loufei and turned fix Villages into Cities, viz. Montanban , ILieax, Lombez-Abbey^ St,Papi}xl,Lavat{r, ind Mirepoix. He created two Bifliopricksi within the Arch- Biflioprick of War^ow : the firft at Le- tnoux, whofe Seat he tranflated to Jlet not long after : the fecond in ' the Abbey of St. Tons, fetting out their Dioceffes. He divided alfo the Bithoprick of Alby into two, and created one at Caflres. ' He ere'ifted divers others befides, which are reckoned up in parti-

cular by the Authour of the continuation to Martinus Tolonuf.

Clement W. predeceffour to this Pope, had ordained, that Emperours by the German Princes eleded, might be called Kings of the Romans ^ feut -might not enjoy the Title or right of the Empire to be nomina* ted Emperours , without their confirmation given by the Pope, wherefore beauk Lewes oi Bavaria being chofen Emperour ufed the Imperial dignitjj in 1*4^, before he was authorized by the Pope, the faid Pope John therefore Excommunicated the Emperour , who often deiired of him a Treaty of peace , which . the Pope refufed to hearken to. At the fame time divers learned Men difallowed the do- ings of the Pope, as William Ocham , whofe tranfa(3;ions were after- ward condemned by the Pope for writing againft that See ; and Marft- i lilts Pativinus^ who wrote the Book entitulcd , Vefeufor pads , which

was put into the hands of the faid Emperour j wherein the controvcr- fie of the Pope's unlawful jurifdidion in things Temporal is largely difputed,and the ufurped Authority of that See is fet forth to the uttermoft. Some Writers fay, that a great caufc of the variance was, for that one of the Emperour's Secretaries ( unknown to the Empe- rour>had likened in fdivers of his Letters^ the Papal See to the Beaft rifing out of the Sea in the Afocalypfe, At length when the Empe- rour, after much fuit made to ihe Pope at Avignon, could not obtain his Coronation from him, he went to Rowe, where he' was received with great honour ■■> and both he and his Wife were both crowned by the confent of all the Lords and Cardinals there i and another Pope was there fet up, called N/c/?o/<ix V.

Not long after Pope jFo/^a dyeth at ^wg«fl«, after whom facceedeth BenediS XII. Anno 1335.

ThisMan was as uncourteous to the Emperour as John had been,

he

I ■■ "*• — ^~

Cent. 14. Of F R A. N C E. 145

he renewed the curfes againft him, bereft him of all Regal Dignity, and by his fentence deprived him of the Dukedom of Bavaria. Here- upon the Emperour cometh into Gf >■?«;?«)>, and afferableth the Prin* ces, Dulles, Nobles, Bifhops , and .other learned men in a Council at rr««ci^/br^, where he caufed an injundtion to"be difpatched, wherein he affirmed the fentence pronounced againft him unjuft , and tha't his Exconrtmunication did no way bind him.

wherefore he commanded upon great penalties, that na man (hould obey his cenfures and interdidions in that behalf , which in- jundion caufed great alterations in Germany, efpecially among the Clergy , fome holding with the Emperour , others with the Pope.

Vantes, a man of profound Learning, at that time wrote a" Book, called , the Monarchy, wherein he favoured the Emperour \ for which he was afterward condemned, and his Book held for Herefie. And other great men wrote Books and Treatifes, defending the Pope's fa- pream Authority.

Charles ly. Brother to Fhilip the long, fucceeded in the Kingdom of France, being the laft Son of Fhilif the Fair. He dyed Aivia 1328. having reigned fix ycars^ leaving the Crown to the fecond royal Bnnch of Capets, whereunto the order of the fundamental Law did lawfully call them.

Philip the Hardy had left two Sons, Thilip the fair, and Charles Earl of Valois i of whom it is faid, that he was the Son of a King, Brother to a King, Unckle to a King, Father to a King, and yet no -King. Fhi- lip the Son o{ Charles oi Valois is faluted and proclaimed King of France, and anointed and crowned at Khemes according to the ufual cuftom.

Near the beginning of his Reign, the Courts of Parliament and all De Scrrcj Hifc the Soveraij^ J Judges faflembled from all theProvinces) made a gene- in vit. PWiip. ds ral complaint againft the Clergy of France, accufing them of fundry abufes, and namely that againft the right of their charges they inter- meddle^ with the politick jurifdidion. The fuit was vehement , and famous tor the gri:itr,efs of the parties. The King to reconcile this quarrel, calls a general Aflembly of his whole Realm at Faris. The caufe was pleaded before him with great liberty by Feter de Cugneriit (this is He whom in derifion they call M. Feter Cugnet, who is in the great Temple in Fijm, noted with a little Monkey's head, placed be- twixt two pillars to put out the Candles , being odious by reafon of his pleading) and as coldly defended by Peter Berf>*«r«<i , both famous Advocates in thofe times. The ilTuewas doubtful , and Fbilip feri- cufly exhorted the Prelates to reform themfelves i and in reforming the abufe to a»uid thefe popular complaints, refering the matter to a further hearing.

Y This

1 4^ ICIie ecciefiatticai Jjtfto^p cent. 1 4.

This Pope Bewi/i? took from rhe Emperour the Senatourfliip of "B-ome : he firft took upon him to ufurp the prefentments of all Bl- (hopricks. He abridged many unlearned men of Priefthood : Here- formed many Sedts of Monks ; He commanded that all his Chap- ^ Jains {hould lye in one Dormitory together, and (hould have no other Revenues than for Dyet and Apparel : He publifhed certain Adls a- gainft the Dominicans^ he kept divers Concubines. And leaving great

ftore of Treafure to the Church, he dyed ^«»a 134.2. of whom thefe verfes w^ere made.

Ijle fitit verl) Laicis mors,vipera ClerOj Vevius a vera, turba Kepleta mere.

Clement VI, born in Lemonia, by profefEon a BenediBine , called be- fore FeterRo^frx, being Abbot of Fifca^ fucceeded BenediUn Avi^nm^ This Man Excommunicated all the Princes, Lords , and Bifhopsthat confented to the doings of Leia^ef the Emperour. He made Avignon part of St. Pfffr's patrimony. He ordained, that the Jubilee fliould be kept every fiftyeth year, after the manner of the Jetvs , and fo it was kept at Kome,Annojz'jO.

Now there were great Wars in France^ between 'Edward HI. King !. of England, and the King of France.

Robert a French-manhy name and Nation, a Francifcan by profefli- on, the longer he was in that Order , he loved the Fryars the worfe. A Treatife in his name is Printed with the Prophecies o£ Hildegardis.

Pope Clement VI. fent a Letter to the King of England in behalf of

the French-men, whilft he lay at the liege of Calais , which fiege he

continued from the third of 5f/'ffwifr, .4?/«o 1346. till the third day

of Aiigitjl next enfuing, upon which day it was yielded up to the

■ - faid King. E^n^ari, and fubdued unto the Crown of E«g/««i:f.

The King of England returneth an anfwer to tlie aforefaid Letter of the Pope. Then by the interceifion of two Cardinals, .!4;w^<«W/« and Stepbanus, a Truce was concluded betwixt England and France for a time«

In the year 1350. dyed Fhilip King oi France; after whom fuc- ceeded his Son John in the Kingdom.

^•<. At this time flouriihed Francis Fetrarch, a Florentine , Arch- Deacon . p^rarcb. tpi"' ^f Parma, a fententious Poet and Oratour. He calleth Kome the Where Petrarcha vir of 'Babylon, the School and Mother of Errour, the Temple of Herefie, ram7^motu°' ^^e neli of Treachery, and feemeth plainly to affirm , that the Pope drgniffimus Pi - was Antichriii, declaring that no greater evil could happen to any aor. symbol. E- j^jj^ than to be made Pope, In one of his Epiftles he diredeth his Speech to B<»^}i /ok in rr««cf, that is to /f^ig«p», thus,/ Shall Lcall thee.

Cent. 14- Of FRANCE. 147

a famous or infamous Whore, who haft plaid the Harlot with the Kings of the Earth > Indeed thou art the fame that the Evangelift faw in the Spirit fitting upon many Waters : the people and the Nations are the Waters upon which thou fitteft. whore,know thy habit i a Woman cloathed in purple and Scarlet ^ and Gold and pretiotts Stones , having a Golden Cup in her har'd full of abomination and uncleamtefs of Yornica" tion: Doft thounot know thy k\i Babylon} unlefs that deceive thee which is written in her Fore-head, Grfizt Babylon^ and thou art little Babylon : little indeed in compafs of Walls, but in vices and compafs of infinite lufts and paffions, and multitude of all evils thou art gveat- eft. And what followeth, agreeth unto thee and no other, Ba^v'o;/, the Mother of Fornications, and abominations of the Earth. If thou wilt yet diffemble, mark whatfollowetli. And I faw the Woman drunken nith the Blood of the Saints^ an^ with the Blood of the JFitneJJes of Je- fm. why art thou fiknt? either (hew another dxanken with this Blood, or deny that thou art drunken, if thou canft \ for the Vifion muft be true; The life of Petrarch is written by Vapirius Maffoniis, Many refoited to him from France, and all Italy.

About this time Hajabad a Francifcan^ preached in Avignon before Pope C/fmf«^, that he was commanded by God to declare, that the ^^^^^^if""^ Church of Kome is the Whore of Bi«^)'/5«, and that the Pope and his Cardinals are the very Antichrift, and that his predeceffours Bene' diB and John are condemned. When the'Pope challenged him, he faid he was commanded in aVitionto fpeakfo, and therefore he duift not fail to fpeak it.

JohnKochetalada,ar\oih£tFrancifcan, preached the fame , and is laid to be one of them who were burnt at Avignon. Anno

1353-

^t the CdiVae time Gregory de Aritnino oppofed the Do(Sors in the

Articles of Juftification by works, -and of free will. At Faris he taught that man hath free will to do evil, but no good without fpecial grace : and that we are juftified by Faith only. And he faid the Sdioolmen deferve to be called Semipelagians. Andreas de Ca\\ro, and John Buridan , two famous Men at that time , agreed with him.

Then E«^o Duke of ]5«rg««i^j',perfwadcd the Fff«e^ King that lie (hould not receive into his Realm the new Dccy:tals and Extravagants. His fage advice is extant among the Records of France. ^A new War arofe between King Johnoi France, and Edipard the third, King of England, The Pope fent the Cardinal ef Feregort^ to thefc two Princes (being ready to fight) to calm this ftorm. Johu being the ftronger, demanded that Eda^ard {houid o\ye him tour Hc- ftagesi and as one vanquithed, fliould remain at his mercy and dif- crction. E-drpard wdiS content to yield up all that he had taken from

V 2 him

H^ %t^t CCCleftafttcal J^tftO?? Cent. 14.

IV.' „-.

him, but without any blemifh to his honour. Edjrard encouragetli himfclf, and prepares to fight the French , and vanquifl-ieth them at PoidJers. King John is taken prifoner, and his Son Philip, by Edtfard- the Black Prince, Son to Edward the third , King of England ^ they are brought to EWfiJwa;, and from thence fent into England^ where they are lodged in the City of London, in the Duke oi Lancaiier''s houfe, under a fure Guard. Many others of the Nobles of France were alfo taken Captive. 1700 Gentlemen were llain in this Battle, a* mong which were 52 Lords. King yoi« continued five years a pri- foner, for he was taken in September.^ Anno 1 3 56. and delivered in May-^ Anno 1^61.

There hapned in Fr^we a certain contention, between the French Prelates, and the Fryars of Parii. The Frf,w/j Prelates afiembling in the City of Paris, caufcd by the Bedles to be called together all the Students, Matters and Batchellors of every faculty , with the chief heads of all the Religious Houfes and Fryars of the Univerfity of Pa- ris, who being all congregated in the Bifliop of Paris his houfe, ■where there were prefent four Arch-Biftiops , and twenty Billiops, the Bifhopof B//«rf preached to the Students of Paris againft the. Fryars.

He told them that true charity would compel them to provide for their flocks, to withftand errours ; that they were bound to give their lives for the flock committed to their charge.

That no Man ought tobufie himfelf with what belonged not to' his Office. For thereby (faith hej all Ecclefiaflical Order is diflblved; He fliewcd how the Dominican and Francifcan Fxyzis 3id ufurp what belonged to the Prelates. They charged the Fryars for preaching againlt their wills throughout all their Diocefles , and for hearing ccnfeflions , faying, that they have the Pope's priviledge to bear them cut therein.

Then flood up another inthe publick place , and read the privi- ledges of both the orders, and afterwards read the conltitution of Pope Innocent III. v/ritten in the fifth of the Decretals, which conftitutiorr was repugnant and contrary to the aforefaid priviledges. Then rofe up the Bifliop of /4»ji/a«, a great Lawyer, who difcourfing from Ar- ticle to Article, there proved by good Law, thatthe faid conflitutibn flood in it's full force and vigour,and ought not to be infringed by the Fryars priviledges in any part : and therefore by vertue of that con* flitution, the Fryars ought not fo miforderly to hear confeflions, en- joyn pennance, and preach in Churches without fpecial licence of the Bifl^op of tlie Diocefs, and leave from the Curate of the Parifli ; unto whofe words none of the Fryars replyed at that time. So the Bifliop proceeding to the conclufion,de{ired the Univerfity to affift them in tliat cafe, wherein they, were all determined: to ftand firrnly to the flied*

Cent. 14- Of FRANCE. 149

ding of their blbod in refifting that intrufion of the Fryars. This hapned orr Vecemb, 6.

The next day being .S'^W.i)/, one of the Order of the Afwor/tf j , cs Yrancifcaits^vicnX. to the Church of the Majorites, or preaching Fryars, where he made a Sermon (which was never feen before, for the one Order to come and refort to the other) beginning in the aforefaid mat- ter to reply, and to expound in order through every Article , adding moreover, that they went not fo far in their priviledges as they law- fully might. And faid, that when they obtained thofc priviledges in Rome, the Wi(ho^ of Ainhian was thcte pxeknt himfelf, refifting the fame with all his power; yea all the Prelates of Froftce [ent and wrote . up to the Court againft thefime, and yetdid not prevail. For when the Fryars there declared to the Pope how far they had ufed their pri- viledges, the Pope at the fame time faid, Flacet^ fliewing that he agreed unto the fame.

And now (faith hej the Prelates demand of us to fend up our pri- viledges to the Court, which were great folly in us i for in fo doing we (hould give way to the revoking the Authority which is given into our hands already. Moreover, our Warden and Mafter, is now lately dead, and the Mafter of the Dominican Fryars here is not now prefentt wherefore we dare not determine in fo weighty a caufe (touching the priviledges of our order) without the prefence of them. And therefore we dellreycuof the Univerfity to hold usexcufed, who are not the worftpartof the Univerfity.

The next day being the c^hth of the fame month it was determi- ned that one ,of the Vominick^ Fryars ftiould preach in the Church of the Francifcan, or Gray- Fryars, and fohe did, going the fame way as the other Fryar had done before in the other Church.

All the Heads of the Univerfity met together on the Vigil of Sti T'homas\ day in St. Bernard's Church at the fame time.

A Sermon was preached by a Divine of the Univerfity, wherein he with many words and great Authorities , argued againft them that would not be obedient to their Prelates. The Bifhop of Ambian fthe Sermon being ended) profecuted the fame Argument. And in condufion the Fryars priviledges were in difputation confuted at Varii.

Certain Articles had formerly been given out againft the Fryars - by the Students of ?nm , why they (hould not be admitted to therr ' Society.

1 , Say they, our Society ought not to be Co-adtive, but free and vo- luntaryi

2. Becaufe we have often proved their community many ways to be hurtful and incoroodious,

3, Seein

•I 5 o %)^t CCClefialllCal m^m Cent.

5. Seeing they-.are of a diverfe profeffion from us ffor they are cal- led Regular^ and not Scholaflical) we ought not therefore to aflbciate together in one Scholaflical Office.

4. Becaufe they work diffentions and offences^ therefore we ought to avoid them.

5. Becaufe they devour Mens houfes , fearching and facking the Eftates and Confciences ©f all perfons , circumventing thofe whom they find eafle to be feduced, and leading them from the Coun- fel of their Prelates.

6. They fuggeft , that the Fryars are falfc Prophets , who being neither Bifhops, nor Parifh-priefts, nor yet their Vicars, nor fent by them, yet they preach (not fent) againft the mind of the Apoftle B^om. 10.

7. Becaufe they are fo curious in fearching and enquiring out' other Mens doings and fpiritual demeanour : Wherefore feeing them in no order, we are by the fentence of the Apoftle commanded to a- void them.

Befides thefe Articles above rehearfed , certain propofitions were, propofed in the Schools of Varis^ folemnly to be difputed and defen* ded againft the Fryars, which were thelE.

1. That the begging Fryars were not in a ftate of Salvation.

2. That they were bound to labour with their hands that could, and not to beg.

5. That they ought not to preach, or hear the confe/Iions of any, although they be Licenfed thereunto by the Pope, or by the DiocefTan, forasmuch as the fame is prejudicial to the Minifters and Priefts of the Pariihes.

All thofe aforefaid Articles and conclufions, Pope Alexander IV. had condemned to be abolifhed and burnt, writing his precepts to the 'French King, and the Unlverlity of Taris in favour of the Fryars, com- manding all Liberties and priviledges to be reftored tothefaid Fryars. Another priviledge was given to the Fryars by Pope Clement IV. who fucceeded Alexander IV. Anno 126^.

But in the year 1281, Pope Martin IV. renewed again the Canon in behalf of the Curates againft the Fryars.

In the year 12^4. Boniface VIII. granted to the Fryars , that with- out licence of Vicars of Churches , they fhall firft prefent themfelves to the Prelates to be admitted i by whom if they be refufed the fecond time, then they upon fpecial Authority of this Pope (hall be privi- ledged without either Bifliop or Curate, to preach, to bury , and to hear confeflions from any that (haJl come unto them : fo revoking all

that

Cent,T4. Of FRANCE. 151

that was decreed by his predeceffours to the contrary.

Anno 1303. Pope Bf«f«/iS II. revoked the conftitution of Boniface his predeceffour. Then followed Pope C/eiweKtV, who in his gene- ral Council holden at Vienna revoked the conftitution of Be- nediSi his predeceffour, and renewed again the former decree of Bo- niface.

Upon this variable diverlity of the Popes Cone diffenting from and repugning another) arofe among the Divines and Schoolmen in Uni- verfities great matter of contention , in the Univeriities of Oxford, and ?aris about the begging FryavSjfome holding one way fome a- nother.

Five principal opinions be noted of learned men, who then difpu- ting againft the Fryars, were condemned for Hereticks, and their alTer- tions reproved.

The firft was the opinion of them which defended that the Fryars- - might not by the licence of the Pope and of the Prelates , preach in Pariflies, and hear confelfioQ.

Of this opinion vj2s,Wi\\iam ^^ /<j«fl(7 (5worf with his fellows, who had been condemned.

The fecond opinion was, that Fryars, although not by their own au-- thority, yet by priviledgeof thePope,and of the Bifliop, might preach and hear confeflions in PariObes, but yet not without licence of the Pa- riflrpriefts. Of this opinion was St. Bernard.

The third opinion was, that Fryars might preach and hear confeffi- ons without Licence of the Pariflrprieftsi but yet the faid Parifhio- ners notwithftanding were bound by the Canon \_omnis utrinfqne fex- us^ to repeat the fame fins again, if they had no other to their own proper Curate. And of this opinion were many,as Goifr. de fantibui;. Henr. de Gandavo^ Joannes Monach, Cardin. Joannes de Poliaco, Pope John XXlLczukd John dePoliaco^ openly ioxctx&ik in Paris. The Affertions which he held were thefe.

'~ The firft was, they which were confeffed to Fryars, al- though having a general Licence to hear confeliions, were Moaum. bound again to confefs their fins to their own Fariflv prieft by the aforenamed Canon.

The fecond was, that the faid Canon, ftanding in force, Pariftiioners were bound once in a year to confefs their fins to their Prieft. For the doing otherwife importeth a contradidion in it felf.

The third was, that the I'ope could not give general licence to hear confeJlions fo, but; that the. Pariftioner fo

C. confeffed was bound to reiterate the fame confeffion made

s ^ 2 %fit ccciefiailtcai ^ittov^ Cent. 1 4,.

* — — ■ ^ ; — . — . . . : —

{unto his own Curate. Which he proved by divers places of the Canon Law.

"The fourth i^^inion was, that the Fryars by the Licence of the Pope and of the Bithops, might lawfully hear confeffions , and the people might be of them confefled and abfolved. But yet notwithftanding it was juft, honeft, and profitable, that once in the year they fhould be confefled to theCurates (although confefled before to the Fryars,) be- caufe of the admininiftration of the Sacraments, efpecially at Ealie)\ of which opinion was William de monte Landnno.

The fifth opinion was, that albeit the Fryars might at all times, and at Eajier alfo hear confeffions, as the Curates did, yet it was fafer at the time of Eajfer to contefs to theCurates than to the Fryars. And of this opinion was KJefeiiri of /^emag^, Arch- Bi(hop and Primate of Ireland.

in the time of PopeC/««fa^ Vl. JohnKin^ of France, invented Symp&n Ecckr. the Sect and Order of thofe Monks, which are called Stellati , whofe Bift, p,3?i. tnanner is always to wear a ftar upon their Breaft , fignifying thereby, that there is nothing in them but the light of perfection, and the clear fhining of good works : yea, that they themfelves are the light of the World. Item^Thzt they (hall rife again at the laft day all (hi- ring and gliftering, as the moft clear and pleafant ftars , according as it is written. Van. 12.3. "they that tarn many unto Righteoufnefs , Jhall be m the flars for ever and ever.

After the death of Pope C/fra^;«f VI. fucceeded Innocent W. before whom the aforefaid Richard oi ^rwdg^ publi(hed nine Articles againft the begging Fryars. This Pope builded Walls about Avignon^ and founded an houfe of Carthufian Monks without the City.

Pope l^r^-j^ V. fucceeded him, ^««o 1364. Nicholas Oretn made a Sermon before the Pope and his Cardinals on ChrijlmM-evcn, in which he rebuketh the Prelates and Priefts of his time , declaring their de- firudlion not to be far oif, by certain figns taken of their wicked and corrupt life. He proveth the Fopijb Clergy to be fo much worfe than ■ the old Synagogue of the Jen:^, by how much it is worfe to fell the Church and Sacraments : than to fuffer Doves to be fold in the Church.

In the year 1370. Veter Belfort of Letnottfin, who took the name of Gregory XI. was created likewife at Avignon , who thought good to transfer the Apoflioljcal Chair from Avignon back again to Kome\ a thing almofl; incredible: for fo many flench Popes fucceeding one another,thcy had fo weakned the Italian party, that there were fcarce any ft<j/id:« Cardinals among them all, and of the Frew& there were

.more than twenty. ■^ - Seve-

Cent. 14. Of F R A N C E. i55

I , ■ I f I I I — ^^ — .^ — r

Several reafons are alledged to have moved Gregory to this refoluti- on, but particularly thefe following. The firft was, that he faw all Jtaly in Arms, not only by the Wars betwixt Venice and Genoa , but by a refolution feveral Cities had taken to (hake off the yoke of their fervitude, and re-eftabli[h themfelves in a ftate of Liberty, which he believing to be occafioned by the abfence of the pilot fromthe Vefielof Rowf, hebegan to think of refettlinghis pontifical refidence in Italy. The fecond was, That one day reprehending a cer- tain Bifhop ('his familiar) that he left the Bi(hoprick to follow the Court, the Bi(hop confidently replyed. And you rvho are Pope of Rome, why are you in France ? Why are you fo long from the place where ^^^- °,^^}^^^' your Church doth lye? Others will have it , that a Letter from St. Bridget^ (whom the Pope lookt upon as a true SaintJ contributed much,in which (he'advifed him as from God,to return to Kome.Uc gave order for twenty Galleys to be ready in the Rhone^ pretending to go fomewhither elfe with them,becaufe he fufpeded,that the FreHch(v/ho had fo much advantage by the refidence of his Court in France )woa]d obftrudt it,if they had the leaft notice of his removing the See to Rome.

Butindeedthey took not the leaft Alarum at all the preparations which were made, as not imagining, that a Frf«e^ Pope would put fuch an affront upon his Nation. So that they had no notice of it till the Pope was at Sea, being pafled as far as Gema^ and from Genoa to Carwmo, where, being weary of his Galleys, he made the reft of his Voyage by Land; and being arrived at Rome, he began to apply fit Medicines and fpecifical to the maladies of /*;»/)'. But he dyed ^«>w, 1280. of a great diftemper in his Bladder, after he had fate fix years in France, and five in Italy.

It is reported, that at the hour of this Pope's Death, the palace of thePopeat /?:)fg«o« wasfet on fire, and could not be quenched, till Bale's Pageant ; the greateft part thereof was burnt. Afterwards enfued the greatcfi; °^ ^°p*'^ fchifm and divifion that ever hapned in the Popedom.

King yo^«dyed, Anno 1364. to whom fucceeded his Son Charles^ the fifth of that name. VJix\'^John Ay cdm England', for the French King had an earneft defire to lee the King of Englandzgz'm, becaufe he had fo honourably entertained him whilll he was his prifoner. So he went, and was entertained, very Royally. But (hortly after, he fellfick, and dyed zt London. His Body was conveyed over into :.■•;'>

France, and buried in the Town of St. T>enii, the King oiCypnu being * prefent at his Funerals.

^ Charles V. called the Wife, was crowned at Khemes , together with his Wife, the Daughter of Peter Duke of Bourbon. He made his youn- ger Brother Philips Duke of Burgundy^ who had been prifoner with his Father in England.

Many Lords in Cafcoign revolted from Prince Edward

X ' unto

unto the French King. Prince Edtvard after his great vidories , had carried himfelf roughly toward the Noble-men his Subjefe. But- the Fre«c/j King befides his excellent wifdom , was alfo gentle and courteous, infinuating himfelf into the afFedions of all men.

The Duke of /^«jo» marching v/ith his forces from Iholoufe ^ eafily recovered all the Towns and holds that were pertaining to the Englijh in thofe quarters. The King of E>fg/<j«-J loft all his whole Seigno- ry of Gafcoign, the people partly rebelling^ and partly yielding them- felves willingly to his enemy. PoiStiers alfo yieldeth to the French. The men of Kochel yield alfo unto the French.

King C^i?r/f J- dyed of poifon taken long before. He was a Prince Fronard's chro- ^0 wife and politick, that fitting in his Gown at Faris in eafe and - nic.inchari. V. quietnefs, he recovered many things by counfel and policy, which : .nno 3 . his predeceflburs had loft in the field to their Enemies. And among . other vexations which hapned to King Edtvard at his laft Voyage that he intended into 'Britain for the refcue of his men befieged, when be •was forced back by the extremity of Weather : this one thing trou- bled him above the reft, that he muft make war with fucb an enemy as never bare Arms", nor came into the field j it is reported thathe faid, he never dealt with any enemy, which ufed fo little armour, and put him to fo much trouble. For King Charles , after he came to the - Crown, never put on Armour himfelf, but managing all his affairs - by wifdom and policy , committed the execution thereof to his . Brothers. In the time oi Charles V. a Book was written in France^ called, 'the aeview of the "[/"ergers Dream, firft in Latin, then tranflated in Fre^c^ by his command. |jm!«. #/ In the feventh and eighth Chapter whereof the. Clergy-man and the Knight confer together on this wife. Ica]l (faith the Clerk} and account the Decrees andVecretals of the Holy Fathers of Rome to be good Laiv, which oblige every true Chrijlian as a StibjeB and Son of a .- Holy Church our Mother. To whom the Knight reply^th. If the terms of Rome be Decrees, or Decretals, Ordinals, or Conjiitutions touching the temporal affairs of Kings, Frinces,or other Secular Lords, you Clerks a- mong your felves Jhall call and account them Lart^ , if you pleafe. Bu£ the truth is, That no Man can eftablifli, or ordain any thing where , he hath no power nor Authority. So as the King of France hath no power to make a Law or Ordinance to bind or tye the Empire j fo ♦ neither can the Laws of the Emperour bind the King of France and. his Subjeds. And a little after. I holdit therefore a frivolous things and very ridiculous^ that the Holy Father (hotdd mak^ any Decree, Decretdy or conftitution about 'Temporal matters. jMr. In the thirteenth years of the aforefaid GW/f/ V. Charles IV. EtD'

■ pero'ur of Germany came into France by Camhray ^ to do certain pil- -

griraages at St. Deni^^ and elfewhere , andfo v^as conveyed with ho- -

Boura-r.

Cent. 14. Of FRANCE. 15:5?

nourable men unto St. ^intin, and from thence to Far'n.

Mathias, a Bohemian, abode a longtime in Paris, and was called Pa- riettfis, he wrote a large Treatife of Antichrift, in which he proveth that the Pope is the Antichrift. He inveigheth againft the Clergy for neg- ligence in their callings, and calleth them the Locufts mentioned in the Kevelatm. He complains that every City, and almoft each man had his proper Saint or Saviour, befides Chrift : the Images and Re- i

liques that are fet up in Churches to be adored, he calleth the Inventi- on of Antichrift. He faith, the worfhip of God is not tyed to per- fons, places, nor times j he rebuketh the Cloyfterers for contemning the Lay-men, and calling themfelves th-. only Religious-, he refuteth the merit of works, and calleth them the caufe of falvation , fine qua non. j-^tji^feft. Vei In the end he prophelkd. That God will once again fend Godly prea- rit. chers , who in the zeal of Elias, will openly difclofe Antichrift unto the eyes of all the world.

After the deach of Pope Gregory, the Church began to be miferably torn with new fchifmes, which began to arife betwixt the Trench zxA Italian Cardinals, each Nation choofing it's own Pope, and in it's own manner. The French not able to digeft the affront they received from Gr^'gory, in tranfporting the See from F»-i»«c£' into //,»/);, departing pri- vately from Kome, they removed to Fondi •■, and being arrived there, they ufed many invedives aud Satyrs againft Vrban VI. whom they had already with the Italian Cardinals elefted in Kome. They pre- tended, that they were forced to it by the people of Row?, otherwife it was never their intention to make an Italian Pope.

For thefe reafons, the Chair (in their Judgements) being vacant, by the favour of Joan Queen of Sicily, who was their friend, they chofe paft^ub' •ancther Pope, one T^oherto, a Cardinal, with the Title of the Hoiy A- poftles. He was of Geneva, and particularly of the Antient Family of the Conti : in that City he took upon hinn the name of Clement VII. From Fondly Clement removed with his Cardinals to Avignon, where he was obeyed by the French zr\A S^aniard.Thek difputes lafted long j the Legitimate Pope at Kome, and and the Anti-Pope at Avignon , firing their Bulls upon one another, and fending them forth into all parts of the World. The adherents of both f des fet forth feveral defama- tory Libels, calling one another 5c/;i/>M<»</e;^, Hereiic\, lyrant, Ihief, "iraytgr^Wicked, Server of Sedition,Son of Belial, and fuch like Stuff: of which there are two Treatifes extant at this day \ one of them ■written by Dr. John de Ligni , in favour cf Vrba)t againft Clement^ and the other by the Abbot of St. Vaji in favour of Clement againft Vrban.

Whilft Clement was contriving which way to remove the Pope who refided in Home ^ he dyed, Anno i:^$2, and was buried in AvignoHt

X 2 He

Il.Cardinalif.nf

He being dead Beniface IX. who was Pope at that time in Kome^ ■writ a Fatherly Letter to the Fre^cfe Cardinals exhorting them to de- fift from their Schifm, and return to their obedience to the Holy Mo- ther the Church, of which he was (he faidj the lawful Head. But the French laughing Casit were) at fuch perfwafions, chofe a fucceflbur to Clement^ which was Tietro delta Luna, who took the name of Beue- diU XIII. who had argued very much in Clememh juftification •, and' that was the principal point upon which he was chofen by the Cardinals , who concluded, that he who defended another's caufe with fuch ardour , would doubtlefs more vehemently defend his own.

whilft this Ami Pope had his refidence in C^f<?/o«/>, in the Cafile of Pi««i/co/ii, ad miniftring the Sacramentss, and conferring of digni-- ties. He was condemned together with the Cardinals which elefted'- him by the Authority of a general Council.

Afterwards he affembled a Council at Per/'ig^iiw, where he created feveral Cardinals, andcommandfd them after his death to follow hi? orders, which were to choofe another Pope without lofing of time, which they did.. For this Anti-Pope being dead at Fanifcola ^ the Cardinals chofe one Giles- MuHgot , a Chanon of Barcelona , in his- place, cz\\m%h.iv!\ Clemently, who at the Inftance of King Alfhonfe- created Cardinals forthwith, and began to Adi in every thing as the. true Popes ufe to do.

But afterwards upon Pope Martin the fifth's accomodation with King Alphonfo, Giles (being commanded ) renounced the rights of tlm- Papacy, and was declared Bifhop of Majorca : and the Cardinals which he had created, were likewife forced to renounce their Cardinalitial dignity.

Charles VI, fucceeded his Father in the Kingdom of France at the .^geof 12 years, he was crowned in the yean 380. married in 1384. he- falls into a Vhieniie,Anno 13^3. and dyes^ Anno 1422.

Charles the Wife, left two Sons , viz. this Charles VI. and Lemer Duke of Orleans. And Charles VI. had three Sons, Len?es^ John and Charles^ and one Daughter named Katherine. Thefe three Sons were Danlphins one after another in their Father's Life. And Katherine was married to Hemy V. afterwards King of England, a mournful gage.' of an. horrible confullon for this Realm.

Cent. 1 5;,.

Cent. 15. Of FRANCE. 1^7

Century XV.

CHi«r/ip/ VI. having called a Council at Paw to confult about' the fchifm which then was in the Popedom, would not fuffer , ^^^ Mehr U- the Arch-Bi(hopsand Bi(hopsof R^f/K^j-, Khoan,Sem^ Taris^ in°z\\'o.%nam^. Beanvis, and feme others, to affift there , becaufe' they were Fl»ndtJeatum,- Benedici''s partisans, by reafon of the great courteiles they had received either from him or his predecefTour.

In a Decree made Febrttary 1 8. i ^06. we find a complaint by Charles^ VI. "they takeoccafxontoreferve the Firji-fruits in the vacancies^ ancL to extort great jums of Money ^ whereby the Kingdom is exhaulled; and to' thruji themfelves upon the Fopedom, for to enrich both them and theirs, • And when there is any quefiion (faith he) of preferring men to derive' dignities^ ihey never ufedthofe ways which ought to be obferved, and which " are appointed to examine and try them. Whence it comes to pafs ^ that if- being not poffible that the Tope ^ould k^torv all Men ^ and the Jiate of the' Churches^ he admits divers into thofe dignities who are unworthy of them^ ■ and fometimes fuch as are unhttown to him but by their money. He ad- • deth, T^hey infert divers claufes in their Bulls, which are fometimes ineX"- tricable ; they make divers Rules befides the Law , or elfe quite againji^ Law^ which they revok^ at their pleafure •, infomuch that the moll clear- ■ fighted cannot difcern who hath bejl right among divers pretenders, ■ Hence arife infinite Suits in Law, which they muji profecute out of the ■ Kingdom with great expeuce and charges.

In another Decree, made the fame year , he accounts this among: other extortions, Iw^o/z^g 7'enths, and other Subfidies at their pleafure, rvithout ever confulting the rejl of the Bijlwps about it , in the raifing ' whereof there w no mean obferved either of Jujiice or equity : It was then ordained, that none (hould pay Tythes to Popes nor Cardinals, J '

And in another Decree made in March, Anno 1408. mention is- made of certain prefidents by Charles VI. eftabli(hed at a- Council at^ Varis.

Not long ago f faith ht) it WM propofed and demanded by ourAttor-- ney- General at a Council holden at Paris , confijiing of the Bifhops and' Clergy, of the Churches within our Kingdom, andVaulphiny , where our ' Coufm Lewes, King of Sicily ■■, our eldefi Son Vuke of Aquiuin and Vi-- ennois i the Vuke of Bourges ourVnckJe by the Father'' s fide ■■, the VuJ^e ■ flf Burgundy.o«rCw(/?«, and the Vul^ 0/ Burbon our Vnckle by the

Mother''s>

158 %^t Ccclefiafltcai i^ifto?^ cent. if.

Mother^! fide, didprefide for us, that the Tape's exaUiom and other grie-

■ vances formerly rehearfed might be utterly abolished.

We read of another Decree made afterwards, wherein complaint is ^ ^ made by the fame King Charles VI. that an infinite deal of Gold and Silver, and Rents were tranfported out of the Kingdom r.ad the Trovince of Vaulphine, to the prejudice of the antient Cufloms, and the undoing of the Realm ■, to the irreparable lofs and damage of the Common- wealth and the miferable defolation of the Churches.^ as reeU fuch as mere of Roy- al Foundation as others. And elfewherehe complaineth,T'W cfr/^f« Colledors, and other the Tope of Rome's 0;^cer • particularly for hit Mo- neys have of late opprejfed the Church and Church'tnen of our Realm and Frovince of Vaulphine, by an inftifferable JIavery , in feizing npon the

■ Goods of the Bifhops and Clergy-men, both Regulars and Seculars, prefent- ly upon their Veceafe; An EdicU was made difcharging the payment of Annates.

Pope Z/'r^jj^ VI. being dead in Rome, after he had managed the Popedom for eleven years, with little fatisfadion either to the people or Clergy, the Cardinals created Boniface the ninth, in the 33. year of his Age, who (hewed much prudence in the whole courfe of his Papacy. He fate fourteen years, and nine months , and dyed Annoii[o'^, Gtiliei. Noubri. King Charles VI. beftirred himfelf to remove the fchifm which was ,%eai%, 1.4. ca. . [jg[yj,ggjj ]^ff}.fedi6} XIII. and Boniface IX. and to difpofeall the Princes of Chriftendom for the fame defign, according to the Teftimony of an Englijh Hillorian. He heard rvith patience (faith he) the Legates of either Tope: but by the advice of his Divines he xpould t^otfubmit him- felf neither to the one, nor to the other, tie rather thought on a means whereby he might relieve the Church, by removing out of her all tnatter of difj'ention. Having therefore fent his Ambajfadours to the "Emperoar^ asalfo to the Kings of England, Bohemia, and Hungary , he conjured them not to be wanting to the publicly good and tranquillity. He perfwa- ded Wenceflam tht Emperour to come to Rhemes , where a general Council was held on that occafion.

I find another Ordinance of the fame King C^p<2r/^x VI. mide by Scien'o^iiicln the counfel and affiftance of the Lords and Clergy of France , wherein 'Schifmat. p. 15. he faith. That the Royal power is ordained of God for the prefervation of the Church, and that the Kingdom of Heaven increafeth by means of the "Earthly Kingdom, when thofe which defiroy the Church are cruped by the rigour ofTrinces. "that the f acred Canons will have recourfe to he made unto Trinees , when fuch things are committed by great men in the Church, and that according to the opinion of Holy Ve&ours the Tope cught not to be obeyed in fuch things wherein the ftate of the Church ■ if notorioufly dijlurbed. And in another Ordinance of April ly.j^TO, Jhefe things being co?ifidered that it belongs unto us who are the Guardi- an,

Cent. 1 5. Of FRANCE. 159

an Trote&or, and Defender of the Churches of our Kingdom , and of T>aulphine, and who have ratified and approved the Statutes andOrdinan-- ees aforefaid, made in the Council afore faid^ to caufe aJi ihis^ and all that " folloroeth upon it to be kept inviolable^ &c.

There is an Arrefl; of the Parliament of farU toward the latter end of this King's Reign, wherein ic is faid , that Pope Benedict and his Officers (hould frem thenceforth give over and abfiain from the ex- adion of Annates in the Kingdom of Francs , and the County of Vaulphine,

Thtizmt Charles V\. being excommunicated by BenediViihe XHI. \ ^^^^^, j^„; put the bearers of his Bulls to the ^ Honourable /^wfWx, making them rahe : so they to be carried in Tumbrels, apparelled in painted Coats, with paper ^^jg^j^'^^f„"^'^gp. . Mitres upon their heads, and the" Pope's B.ull reprefented in their punilhment, • handft, and his Arms reverfed. All which was done by the advice of his Princes, Lords, and the Prelates and other Ecclefiafticks of his- Kingdom, together with the Parliament and Univerlity of ?arii , as apgeareth by the A(fls publifhed concerning this particular.

After the death of Pope BoKz/iJce IX. the Cardinals created Co/»zo</2 Sulmona Pope, who took the name of Innocent VII. he lived but two years after , and dyed in a time when all Italy v^as in an ill condition.

Whilft this fchifm continued. Three Princes in frame ( who by reafon of the King's indifpofition did then govern that Kingdom) viz. the Dukes of Berry, of Burgundy , and of Orleans, went all of them together to P/Viro di Luna (who was called BeneditlyAW.) to A- vignon, befeeching him to provide againft this diforder, by renouncing . the Papacy j urging, that it was much better to have the publick ' inte?- left take place than the private v and the rather becaufe he< had promi* fed in his Election to lay down, whenfoever things (hould be adjufted- with Kome.

They alfopromifedhim, That */^<«* Pope, which (hould be made in Rome after Innocent (hould do the like, every one believing , that if thefe two favourites (one of France, the other oi Italy) were difpoiTeflP' - ed of the power of the Keys, which they both exercifed at that time, a third ought to be created, who (hould be the certain and undoubted .• Pope.

BenediU replyed, that he could not without offending God, confent ■. to the counfels propofed for his renouncing the Church, and abando- - ning the flock of Chril!:, which by the commosi confent of fo many good and worthy perfonsand Electors, was committed to hiscuftody, being ujawillingto bring a thing in queiUoawJiichhehad fo legally ob-- tainedo And for what refpedbcdthcitakhig away the (chifm, and re- ■ it«i-ing, cf\ncQrd t<j.the Charchi,iit'pkafed him very well, and he would wudefcend to it with all bis heart, provided a fecuie place, were, cho- ■

t6o %^t€tt\tMi\t^m\^m Cent.i^

-fen, in which every one might fpeak his mind freely. For his own part he fwore, that in cafe the fchifm could not be taken away by any other means, that he would renounce the Papacy upon condition the other at Rowe would do the fame-, otherwise it was to no piurpofe to ifoliciteit. . .

The Princes underftood BenediWs mind, and bow little he was dif- pofed to an accomodation, and among themfelves confulted of fome way to bring him over to their deiires. Benedid fearing fome violence, fortified himfelf in his palace, and wasbefieged there the fpace of five or fix months.

But being weary of fo long and clofe a confinement , he* imbarked in the Khone upon certain Galleys ( which he had caufed to be put in order for fuch an enterprize , whilft he was befleged in his pa- Jace) and in them he efcaped into Catalonia , which was his own Countrey.

Some fay , that thefe three Princes difcourfed in this manner with Benedi^ at the importunity of the French Cardinals, who hated the faid EenediCf , becaufe he was a Catalonian , not a French-man.

The Italian Cardinals, and the Cardinals of other Nations which were prefent in Kome, after the death of Innocent , being entred into the conclave, in a place near St. Peters, they fwore all of them folemnly upon the Holy Evangelifts, which their Dean held in his hand , that they would every one renounce the Papacy if they were chofen, fo that the French or Catalonian Anti-Pope renounced his Anti-Papacy firft.

The caufe of this Refolution was to fatisfie the French, who having introduced the cuftom of creating of Popes according to their own mode, it feemed impoffible to turn them out of .that way with reputa- tion, unlefs the Z*a/i^«j-refolved to do the famei and the rather, be- caufe Benedict declared, it would be in vain to think of a remedy for the fcandal of the Church, without a renunciation of both the Popes i whereas if they renounced , another would be chofen out of the whole College of Cardinals , that would be true and undoubted Pope, whom the Princes and people would readily obey.

Angela Corraro^zVenetian, W3S chofen in Kome ; he was Cardinal of St. Mark^, and affumed the Name of Gregory XII. Before he came out of the conclave, they made him promife under the hand of the Notary in writing, to obferve what he had promifed and fubfcribed with his own hand i and at laft gave, him an Oath. But the place where thefe two Popes were to meet being in difpute , and they not like to come to an agreement *, both Gregory and Benedict alledging a thoufand difficulties, the French Cardinals refolvedto aband.on Beae-^ di&,aiidth&ItaliajtsCregory^ and to declare them breakers of their Faith. - - -j-j^g

Cent.i^. Of FRANCE, i6i

The Cardinals both of Avignon and Kome, being met at Tifa , dii by common confent deprive Gr^gorji and Bfaf<ii5, all the reft of the Nations concurring with them, except Catalonia, and the hither part of 5^i«/»,the King of Scots, and the Count of Armignac , who were favourers of BentdiU.

But in defpight of their contradidions, they chofe Tietro filardo, a Fryar Miaor, and Arch-Biflipp of Milan, who took upon him the name of Alexander V. a name fuitable to his Anions, for which reafon it was pleafantly faid by himfelf, that he wasa ric^ Bifiop, a poor Car' dinal, and a beggarly F ope.

Gregory hearing that Alexander was created Pope, and undftrftanding what fentence the Cardinals had paffed againft him and BenediSi , fled towards K<7OTtf^«j, urging and infiftingCwherefoever he came) upon a general Council. He ftayed at Rm;ia/ for a time, where he was mag- nificently entertained by Carlo Malatejle.

Benedm having held a Council in the City of Ferpignan, by the in- tervention of his own friends , retireth again for his greater fecu- rity into his Caftle of Fanifcola, where he had been long before.

But though thefe two Anti- Popes had been deprived by the Coun- cil of Fifs, yet they defifted not from their Papal , and Ecclefiaftical fun<5tions.

They created Cardinals , and particularly Gabriel Cmdolmero was created Cardinal, who was afterwards Eagenitu IV.

Alexander lived not above eight months Pope, he dyed in Bologna^ Then the Cardinals cbofe Baltafar Coffa (a. Neapolitan) Pope, who would be called jFo;&« XXIII.

Chriftendom being weary to fee fo many fchifms on foot, was con- triving which way to put an end to it. Therefore by the orders of all Nations, "John was cited to appear at a general Council.

He fent two Cardinals immediately to negotiate with the Princes of Germany and of France, about the choice of a tit place for the celebra- tion of a Council. At length Confiance was pitcht upon as the moft convenient City of all. At the time appointed, they met, and John among the reft, who carried along with him certain men very Learn- ed, with whom he held the Germans for a long time in variety of difputes.

But the EmperourS»^»/»»««i arriving at the fame time many great delinquencies were objeded againft John, who being confcious of their truth, and fearing corporal puniftiment, as well as to be deprived of the Papacy, fled out of Confiance, in the difguifeof aFoot-man,and retired to SbaffMfen,z. City belonging to Frederic]^ Duke of Atiftria , whither divers Cardinals of his creation fled alfo.

Jahu being recited by the Council, fled to Friburg , to be under the protedion of the Duke of Burgundy. But he was taken, and by order

Y of

52 %fit€ttl^\MCH\^imiV Gent. I ^

of the Council imprifoned in the Ifle of St, Mark^ near Cer^ahce,, Above fourty Articles were proved againft him ; and all theTatners concurring in the fentence, John was legally depofed, and the fentence lent to him to fubfcribe, which he willingly did.

Then was he delivered unto La^wico Bf/i/^ro , to be kept in fafe cuftody. Three years he continued a prifoner in the caftle of Haldel-r herg. In this Council a Decree was publiflied, that a general Coun- cil lawfully affembled was above the Pope.

Gregory cimt not to.the Council, but fent by Carlo Matdtefia to the. Council to let them underftand his willingnefs to renounce. Gregory was hereupon declared Legate Veils Marca^ and went to his charge, but he dyed foon after at Kicanati of difcontent. John and Gregory being removed, there remained a third ftill, which was BenediU XIII. who declared that he would never renounce. Hereupon Sigifmund the Emperour went in perfon to the Kings of France and of England^ to advifc with them about forcing Be«e(iiff to a renouncing alfo: Sir gi/»jKM«? having received a fatisfaftoryanfwer from thefe two Princes, he went to Narbon, and difcourfed perfonally with Ferdinand King of Afragon, whole Subje(fts paid obedience to Benedin.

Bnt tenediS ftill alledged, that he was the true Vicar of Chrift, fay- ing, that Coi^ance was not a place convenient for the liberty of an Ec- cleliaftical Council, feeing that John had been condemned and depofed from the Papacy, by thofe very perfons who had. been formerly his Friends, and received him.to the Pontifical dignity.

The Princes of Spain obferving the pertinacity o( Benedi£l\ con- curred with the opinion of the Council, which was managed by five feveral Nations, viz. Italy, Germany, England, France, and Spaitu What thefe Nations had done was approved, and publiQied by a Trum-. pet, or a publick Notary. Then BenediS\ caufe being difcuffed , he was at laft depOfed, and declared void of the Papacy, no reckoning be- ing made of theabfent Scots^^nd Count d^ Armignac, who continued their obedience, to him. About this time j^o^^ Ha/r , and Jerome of Trague , his Difciple , were condemned and burnt for Her reticks.

On Novemb.S.Anno 1417. thirty two Cardinals entred the conclave, with thirty others for the feveral Nations, which is fix a piece, and oil the XI'*- of the fame Month, which was the Feaft of St. Mi»rfi«, about -three in the Morning, Cardinal di (anGregorio CcdUed Oddo Colonna beforej was created Pope, with great fatisfadion* to the people. The Emperour prefently wentinto the conclave, and having thanked the Cardinal^, kiffed the Pope's Feet. The Pope embraced him, and thanked him for his great induftry in that affair. This Pope would needs be called Martin, becaufe his Eledion hapned on that Saint's day. T^en all the Fremh Cardinals left BenediU^ and came in MntoUartin j

the

Cent i^i ^^GfiOf !FiRi;4N:QE. ^ ; i6^

the Scitft arid <i' Arm'tgnae did the fame, and all Chriltendom except tanifcola yvhxch. remained divided.

Martin being defirous to put an end to the Council, Anm 141 8. he made a publick Aflembly, after which by common confent , but efpe- affly^bf Sigifmuad, Ibaldo Cardinal of St. Vito , by order trom the Pope, pronounced thefe words,of i\{tmS\an,'Pomitfi ite in^ace^ andfo all had liberty to depart.

Then Marti» haftned to Rowe, travelling by Mi'/^w as the neareft way. He fate fourteen years, and dyed of an Apoplexy , Febr^ 20.

Anrto,l/^^l. ■' i-'-'f' :■ ■! '., :, _ ,^.;,,

when BenediSl had fate thirty years, and was dead , his Cardinals chofe Pope Clement VIII. but he compounded withMar««, ^and fethe^ fchifm was ended. . •,' ,'. • ", ;.;;•

Henry V. King of England had invaded Franct, and Toon after at the Battle of Agin-Court ten thoufand French-men were {lain. Anthony Duke of Brabant^ with his Brother Thilip Earl of Never s , were alfo flain by the Englijh Bow-men. Thefe were Brethren to John Duke of Burgundy. Charles Duke of Orleans^ and Letves of BurboH : the Earls of B.ichemont,Erp,aindVendofme (the ftrongeft pillars of the Orleant faftion) with many other Noble-men and Gentlemen were taken pri- foners, and carried into England. Levpes the Vaulphin dyeth foon af- ter this defeat.

The Emperour Sigifmund cometh into France , making (hew of the great defire he had to make a peace betwixt the French and the Englifh.

The Englijh take all Normandy, and Khoan is befieged and taken, and allthelfleof Fr<i«ce yieldeth to King Henry , even to the Gates of

^'(^^' ■'•■ . '..

, France was now ftrangely divided into divers fadi^ions. The King's. Authority were for the Queen and the Bwgundian. Ticcardy, Burgttnr^ dy, and many other Towns in Bry, Champagne, and Beaujfe , obeyed them abfolutely after the great mafTacres that had been lately done in Paris. Only Sens adhered to the Vaulphin Charles.

The Vt'mccoi Orange (of the Burgundian FadJion) makes War in Vattlphinc and Languedoc, to crofs the affairs of Charles, who notwith- ftandinghad the greateft part of the Countr.ey at his devotion, with ^e (tiend(h\p oi Avignon, and the Earldom ofVenefi. The Englijh poffefled all Normandy, and a great part of Guienne. But Kochel, Toi- Siert, St. John de Angela, Angoulefm, Fontenay, and forae other TownS acknowledged the D^«//»^«.

. kWAii^ou was his, ^iierg«e, Berry, Burboijoit, F orreji ^^wd LionoU 0- beyed him. . He Hkewife took upon him the Name of Regent.

The Duke of Britain leaves the Englijh, and joyhs with the Pa«/- fhin. The people grow in diflike with the Duke of JB«rg««rfj» , ^nd

Y 2 the

I !

i6^ %^t ecddiafiicai ^i^m cent. 15.

the ?arifia»f mutiny againft the BurguttJian fadiion ,> and kiil Im^ Servants.

At length a peace is made betwixt the Daulphin and the BttrgundioH, Anuoi^i^. but foon after theVaulphin caufeth John Duke of B«r- ^waiy to be murthered in his prefence. This^o/&«had flain Charier U Duke of Orleans traiteroufly, and now he is treacheroufly flain by

\% Charles the Tyaulpbitt.

I' Thilip Son to John Duke of BurguHiy, ftirs up great troubles againft

|)! Charles the Daulphin in revenge of his Father'/ death. By his means

y X^^f/, an unkind Mother, makes War againft Charles her Son, and

f- peace with Hf^ry v« King of E«g/<iW, then a Capital Enemy to the

f. State. She gives L im her Daughter Katherine in Marriage,and procures^

{'■^ King Charles VI. her'Husband to declare Hewj* his lawful Heir, and

^ to difinherit his only Son Charles^ from the Realm of France.

j''; But in the midft of thefe occurrences, Henry V. dyeth, in the vigour

': of his age and fpirit on the laft day of Augftli,Anao 1422. and Charles

VI. the French King, dyed fifty days after , on the 2 a. of OSoher the

iame year.

After his Funerals, H(?«ry VI. an Infant, Son to fienry V. is proclai- med King of FrJAicf,and after is crowned King at Paris.

Charles Vll. after the deceafe of his Father Charles VI. took upon him the name of King of Frj»«, notwithftanding the pretenfion of the Englijh : He was zi years old when he began to reign, and reigned

39 years. The beginning of his reign was troublefome, till he was inftalled King, and thereby acknowledged of all the Frf«cj&.

Afterwards he reduced the Cities fubdued by the Englijh to his o- bedience, beginning with the City of Paw, and fo proceeding to the reft of the Realm, expelling the E«g///& from all, except Calais.. In the clofe of his Reign he had many Domeftical difcontcnts, which, haftened him to his Grave, after the happy events, of all. fais- difSculties.

At this time ftourifhed yo^«Gfr/o«, a divine of P<»r//, he was pre-

Cent at the Council of Con(iance, and in feme written Treatifes highly

5ifl»op Juei'j commendeth the decree, that the Bilhop of Kome (hould be fubje& to

^"c^r^o'f his ^L ^^^ Council : and faith, "The thing is worthy to be rvritten in all places fir

poiogy. KiOiap a- perpetual memory. He was the moft learned Man of his time, and

fm!p!^o7f^''" the only Doftor and Leader of the Council of Conjlance. He was

counted a fubtledifputer, and profound School- Dodlor. Onecallet/i

him the learned and devout Chancellour of Faris.

He was much acquainted with Temptations, and wrote a Book de variis Viabeli ientationibus. He was lirnamed VoC^or Chriiiianijjjmm. His works are Printed in four Volumes ; his French works are mentio- g. ned by Antoine du Verdier in hisBibliotheque.

In his Ttfcatife de defeUu virorim EcdefiafiicorHm^ he fets^JoXyn fuch

things

Cent-m^. Of F R ANCE. i6S

— — ■ — - — ~ " " ' "~ ' I — ■ — . . . —

thing^^i^ ^"ght to be reformed in the Church, and among others, men^' tions this, "that kiioTvn Men^ and fitch as are mo^ jitthtg^be Eleded oh^ of the fame Countrey : that grangers in manner t^ langnage^ and edueati' o»y be not fent and fet over Churchet.

And in his Book of Ecdefiaftical power, after be hath fpoken of the q^^c^^ nb.de divers abufes of the Popes, he addeth, Jfhat fhall tve thinks is to be faii' B<xlt£, poteft» of an infinite number of fucb liJ^e things that are done, ci^iing afide all care and regard of all Spiritual and Divine matters, which concern the Cbrijlian Faith and Religion f IVhat thinks you? THrat fl>aU tve fay- for theprefentof that foeafie a difpenfationasthey fpea!{^ of granted By the Pope and the Prelates over lawful Oaths , reafonable Vovds , for the exceffite plurality of Benefices, the general non obftantes of Councils, the' privileges and exemptions againfi common right ? Who can number all the Tvays wherehy the force of Eccleftafiical (yea of Evangelical) Vifcipline k enfeebled,confumed, and quite annihilated?

He addeth the cunning and glazing flattery of Vp'flarts,rphifpering the Clergy, but efpecially the Pope in the Ear. Oh how great U the height of yourEcclefiojjiical power ! 0 facred Clergy! all fecular Authority is but a7oy in comparifon of thine, feeing that at aU power U given to Chriji^ both in Heaven and Earth, fo Chriji bath bequeathed all to St. Peter, andhis Sttcceffours.

So that ConftantinegiJZ'e nothing to Pope Silvefter, which was not »rt- ginally hit own\ but only rejioredunto him what he ut^uflly detained' from him. Again, as there if no power but U efGod, fo there is nothtHg Temporal or Spiritual, Imperial or Kegal, which is not of the Pope, upon whofe thigh God hath Writ, King of Kings, and Lord Of Lords. 'S'a at to difpute his power is a \^nd of Sacrilege. . ,'>

to whom no Man may fay, why do you fo? Although be fhould' ex- change, purloin, or fell all the temporals', ihe Goods, Land's and Lordjhips of the Church. Let me be a Lyar if altthefe things he not written by, fuch as feem to be wife men in their eyes » and if they have not been be- lieved alfo by fame Popes.

StephanHS Pafchafws in bis Icones hath thcle Verfes of Gerfdn..

';''■ . .' ■ ,' ' . ■■ "^- '^

^uid potuit Sorbona, doces meritiffime Gerfo i tumagniGtiioluxque,decHfque Cbori..

At the fame time flourifhed 'Nicholas de Clemangiii, a Mafter of Pa* rjf,and Arch- Deacon of Baion^z man pious and Learned, one calls him one of the mod Learned and Eloquent Divines of his time. He wrote a Book of the ruine and reparation of the Church. Of which I Ko. &*«'- (hall fet down fome paffages in general terms. Firft, (faith he , let hs p»t. Eedef. fpeak of the Hcadi upon whom all the reft depends. He afterWard's addethj For the fupream Bilhops, who by how much they fee them-

fdves.

^4 %f^t msMUfbtt^ i&lftOjp Gent, i^

fdves rank|ed above othfrf in greatpefs, and Authority, by fo' much they labour the more to overthrow them, out of a domineering hu- mour, for, tqeen^rging of their primary and fupreme power, confide- fing that the commodities of the Biftopj ick of Kome^ which is very l^rge, and above any KingdorpCthough it hath been fufficiently cur-

!l^ .ti;

J ,j,/jt|}rd by their negligence; can no way fuffice to maintain the great- nels of their State, which they have purpofed to raife high enough above all the Kings and .Emperours in the World, have caft them- felves into thofe flocks of others that abound in breeding , in Wool „, , and Milk. He afterwards fpecifies the loofenefs, the luxury, vanities, lapfu&reparat. worldunels, rapines, vexations, ulurpations, oppreuions , and other juftit. p. 10. {uch like.abufes and vices of the Popes and their Courts. In another Book of his he (heweth, that the Court oiKome hathinfe<fted Frauce, by coming there, fpecifying all the vices and blemifhes that are com- municated unto it, and thofe not a few.

There was a time f faith he) w/hen the Apofiolick Biftiop, being vex- ed jyith the. Tyranny of th? italjavs^mide choice pf France for his feat, and for.all thq Court of 2lo«zf, fuppofing he could not find laffu- red refuge elfe- where : to whom I could with (faith he^ the Arength df Frj«c(? had not proved a Staff of a Reed, as it was a long time be- fore fore-told that it (hould. What vi^as it elfe that brought Fr^Kce upon t;he fud^en into thefe miferies, making her fall away from emi- nejit gjciry wjiich mad^eKer flourifli above all other Nations , but that degenerating from thofe Ancient vertues which adprned her with fuch ail excellency of Honour, (he is changed from Valour, to cowardife, from diligence to.lloath, from honefly to ignominy, from gravity to a wanton lightnefsV from temperance to luxury i from courage to pre- futpptiqup fj<)m liberality to ^oyetoufnefs, and unreftrained fpoiling, frbrn order to confufion, fromzje^l of the publick good to private gains,. .frpnacoijrecJipiL and.difciplinp to a genei;al impunity and licenjfe ©Fall wickednefs and mif-demeanours, andfrom Juflice to all iniquity. ' ' _,..,,.,-.,■. ,.\ .-, .....

And elfe where he compjaineth thus. So the Church xvhich Cbrifi bath Tiia. de prs- tai^ft for his' Spoitfe 'vDithoHt blemifl) dispgured by this horrible fia. p. «^ j^any, isma>the- fhop. of all fride^ of ai . 'tradiHg. ,. filchffJg and fiealing, where the Sacraments, are httag otit for. tt (her^^ and aU^ tbf orders , even the Triejihood it felf) rvhere favours are fold for filver , difpenfatiotu for not f reaching, licenfes for mn'refidence: JFhere all Offices and Bene- fices^ yea even fins are poiight and fild: LajHy, where Majjes, and Admi' niflratlon of the Lord's ^ody are fet-t(ifale, JFould any Man have a .y.t'^'^a }'. .-^ BiJJ^a^ick^? lei hinfprf^^idehii Moftey^ and that no fmall fum , hut a -31 i* .^'UT ;t greatflne]foi!,ro'gr(ai,a Title z and lei himnot ftand upon emptying his 'purJelfhtthepjtrih^J^Qffmj^aT^^ tp^U quickly fii^ i* ^-

ga'inJdhd ih^imore tmndly't'ban he could do by many forts of Merchan-

dizf

Cqnt,.i5i- Of F R AN C E. 167

dine. ^'Vot^any defire a Trebend^ a Provoft^s place, or fome ether dignity ? it is no mutter for knowing his defirts, his Lijfe and Converfation ; but (it many Crorens as he hath in hU Cheji, fuch hopes may he conceive of com^ pajfing hU defire. For what (hould I fpeak^ of poor fclkj , tvbo are ac- counted unprofitable in aH things, and ttnvforthy of all charge or govern- ment, and a>ho have no other hopes but to rvax old, and pine away in mi- fery d/frefpeCted and defpifed ? What fljould a poor Man go to Market for.rvith an empty pouchy when he hath nothing to buy the Wares with ? ■

' And in another place fpeaking of the Popes, he faith , Ihey have ar- rogated unto themfelves the right of difpofing of all Churches, in all places as far as the Chrijiian Religion reacheth, nfallBifhopirJckj andVignities^ which are conferred by eleifioK, voiding and difanulling the Decrees for- merly made by the Holy Fathers, with fo much care and commodity , that fe they may by this means fill their own Budgets the better. And fince this cuftom was ufed, there have been none but Dunces, Worldlings , Mo' ney-men, and fuch as were raifed to thofe Dignities by Simony. And a^ gain, To the end that the Rivers of Gold 'derived from all parts, may flora unto them in a fuller ftream, they have tah^en away the power of prefenta- tions, and the liberty of bej^owing and difpefing of Benefices, by any means whatfoever, from all Diocefans , and lawful Fatrons, forbidding theni upon pain of Anathema, rajhly to prefume (for fo their Writs run) to in' Jiitute any perfon into a Benefice within their jurifdidion, till fuch time as fome one be prefented to ity to whom by their Authority they have granted it. i

And again Cfaith he) What greedinefs is this (fpeaking of the Car- dinals) to hold fuch a number of repugnant and incompatible Benefices ? ihey are Monks and Chanons, Regulars and Seculars. Vnder the fame habit they enjoy the Rights, Degrees, Offices, and Benefices of all Religi* ons, «f all Orders, of all Frofe^oHs i not two or three, but ten, twenty^ an hundredj two hundred, yea fometimes five hundred, and upwards: and thofe no petty ones, nor contemptible, but of the be^i and fattefi. And bow great a number foever they have of them , they are never content^ hut Hill would have mare. "They are daily fuing far new Graces^ new Grants, "thus they catch up all the Vacancies, and go away vfithall. ■ -yi i ,

\ Charles Vll. now King of France, wasfo diftreffed, that he had only two entire Provinces left him, wz. Cafcoign znd Languedoc , and his enemies were about them ; and all the reft was poffefTed by the t,nglifl)^ who fbefides) had befieged the City of Or/M«/,and brought it fo that pafs, that the higheft hopes of thofe therein , was to yield on good terms. Three Freaei&Noble-inen conclude to fet up a Virgin, called Joan of Arc, to naake her pretend that (he had a Revelation from Heai ven, to drive all ihzSngU^ out of fmnce, .

By

1(58 ^e eccieftamcm !^tfto?y cent. 15,

. By the mediation of the Lord of Baudricourt^ (he is brought to the prefence of KmgCharler, v?hom (he inrtantly knew,though never feen before, and at that time -otfetpurpofedifguifed. To the King (he faith boldly. That this was the time wherein the fins of the E»glijh, and the fuffcririgsof the French , were come to the height, and (he appointed by the God of Heaven, to be the French Leader to conquer the Englijh.

Ever after (he went in Man's deaths, being armed Cap-a-pe^ and

mounted on abravefteed. Nofword would pleafe her, but one ta-

Potid. Virgil in ^^" outof the Church of St. Katherine at Fireboit in tottraiH. Het

Htnr. 'vi.p.471. firlt fervicc was in twice vidlualling oi Orleans^ whilft the Englifh made

no refinance.

Under her condud, the French drive away the Ettglijh (lom Orhans. Hence (he marched on into other Countries, which initantly revolted to the French Crown. The Englijh in many skirmi(hes were wor(ted and defeated with few numbers. The French following their blow in one twelve- month recovered the greate(\ part of that the Englijh did pofTefs. This was done, ^««o i42p.

But this Joan of Arc after the Coronation of King Charles at Khemet, feeking to furprize St. Honories Ditch, near the City of St. Venis , (he was not only wounded her felf, but alfo loft a Troop of her (\oute(t Souldiers, and not long after, nigh the City of Compiegne , was taken prifoner by the Baftard of Vendofme, who fold her to the Duke of Bed- ford, and by him fhe was kept a prifoner a twelve-month, and burnt in Rhoan, being condemned by the Englijh for a Witch. ■ The pragmaticTiSandionof King CW/fx VlL was made in a Sy- nod aCfembled at Bourges, confiftingof Arch- Bi(hops, Bi(hops, Chap- ters, Abbots, Deans, Provo(ts, and other Ecclefiaftical pecfons , toge- ther with Dodors of Law, Divine and humane , And other Learned Men of the Realm, and alfo of the chief Lords of France^ and others of the "King's Council, about receiving the Councils of Confianee and Bafii. The Sandion hath this complaint j The Prelates , and other ordinary difpcnfers, as alfo the Patrons, are deprived of their right, the Hierarchy of the Church is confounded, and many other things are committed contrary to the Laws of God and Man, to the lofs of Souls and the opprellion of the Churches of our Realm. The Council of Bafil did provide a remedy again(t this abufe, and the pragmatick after it, but fo as the Popes have caft off the yoke of it, having difanulled almoft all the Decrees of thatCouncil.

The Popes for a long time branded all the French for Hereticks , by «"pm"J^!li!'}: reafon of that pragmatick Sandion.

«p.}7. ' Pope lVf»r»j« V. dyed, ^«Ho 1431. whom E»gf««KJ IV. fuccedcd,

•who was depofed by the Council of Bafii, alTembled by himfelf to reform the Church. Inthcplaceof .E»gew«j, the Council chofe A-

madeus

Cetit.ii. Of F R A N C E, 169

madeus Dakeoi Savay^ wlip called himfelf Felix. But E»ge»iuf brought againft Bafil the Vaulphin of France, who was afterward Letvef Xl.'whoinall things oppofcd his Father Charles Wl. and his confe* derates. He brought tour thoufand horfe againft Bafil to break the Council ■■> which yet he could not have effected, had not the peftilence within Bafil, forced the Fathers of the Council to feparatethemfelves, after they had condennned Eugenim as an Heretick, and unworthy to govern the Church.

But Eugemui took Arms, and being held up by Princes , maintained himfelf againft the Anti-PopeFe/w, who after he had been five years Pope, retired to Kipaile, a pleafant houfe in Savoy, there to lead a pri- vate Life. So the Popedom remained in the hands of a Man depo- fed by a Council aflembled by the Pope himfelf, where Biftiops met out of all parts of the B-oman Church. Note, that after this depofiti- on, he created many Cardinals and Biftiops, whofe Office was null, fi nee they were created by an Ufurper, who had by force maintained himfelf in the Office of a Pope after his depofition. And yet thofe very Cardinals, created by thisUfurper of the Popedom,are thdfe very men that eleded the SuccelTours oi Eugenm, Nicholas, and Piw the fecond, from whom is defcended the fuccellionof the Popes of our time, as the learned Dr. Da-Mo«/mhath well obferved.

The Arch-Biftiopof LyoKs in the Council of Baftl did declare, that in the time of Pope Martin, there came out of France to the Court of ^g^a^f """^ Kowe,nine millions of Gold, which was gathered of the Biftiops and Prelates, befides innumerable fums of the poor Clergy, which daily without number ran unto the Court of Kome, carrying with them all their whole fubftance. The Arch-Biftiop of turenne faid alfo at Bafil, that three millions of Gold came unto Kome in his time , within the (pace of fourteen years, from the Prelates and prelacies , whereof no account could be made.befiJes the poor Clergy, which daily ran to that Court.

The Emperour Sigifmund required ?eter de AUaco, Chancellour of P<xm, and Cardinal of Cambray, to put in form fome Articles con- cerning the Reformation of the Church, that might be propounded to the Council of Confiame aforementioned , which he did. In that Bookheinfiftethon four things, i. He propoundeth, that general and Provincial Councils be kept, efpecially General, for amending all perfonsandcftates. 2. That for Reformation of the Ro/«a« Court, it is fufficient that there be but one Cardinal out of every Province , be- caufe the Cardinals are the caufes of Schifms. 3. That Prelates be Hot chofen young , imprudent, nor ignorant. 4. He requireth the reformation of Monks, fpeaking againft their multitude and diverfity, h,e taxeth the Komifh Court, that they defpife: Divines, and advance on* ]y fuchas can bring lima in gain. He complaineth alfo of Pagan

2 abufesj

% — — '■ r — ■ ■ —

abufes, and Diabolical fuperftitions at Roffjf. But Cfaith he) as there were feven thoufand who never bowed to BiZj/, fo we maybe confi- dent , that there are fome who are defirous of the Churches Re- formation.

Alams of Chartref, Secretary to King Charles VII, wrote a Book in French, entituled the Courtier, in which he extolleth the lingle life of Priefts.

This King Charles VII. in the Ordinance made , Anns 1422. thus Ittfe'r. cuut^h complaineth. Vhers of our SubjeGs, and others by vertue of refignati- fckiTaiite. p. 75. w/J, or Jpofiolick^ Bulls, de taks, and receive, and endeavour to get - and ob- tain Benefices within this Kealm, and take pojffffion of them, and labmr- tofummon^jOrcaufetohefummoned, cur Liege- Sub]eUu unto the Court c/^ Rome, or before fame Commifftoners or Velegates appointed by our Holy Father, which is down-right to oppofe the Church and Clergy. The Council which was begun zxFerrara,A}ino 1438. and conti- Panormit. in "ucd at Florence, was ncv,er received and approved of in France. The Xrea.de concji. gi£hop of P^KWwo faith, the King of Fr^/zcf did exprelly forbid upon

Bafil. Circa prin- v , . ^i ^ r u- rC • • n i i V^ '

clB-nntn, f, great penalties, that any or nis DomimoDS mould go to Ferrara, to ce- lebrate the oecumenical Council. Charles VII. tells fom.e Cardinals down-right fo, who were fent AmbafTadours hovaEugeniiis, and were, come to Bom-ges to get iiim to accept of it ■, and among others to pre-- fent him with this Article. 7hat fmce fuch time as it rvas translated: toFexxz):i,theKingjliould reject the Council of hiii] j and receive the Council of f.aiZT^i with the j£is thereof.

whereto he made Anfwer, after fix days deliberation with his Pre-. lates,and others affembled at Bourges.Thzt he had received the Council • o£ Bafd (ot a Council indeed -, that he fent his Ambafladours thither; that many things were there wifely determined, concerning Faith and Manners, and fuch as he liked well of: but for that of Ferrara , he- •never did,and never would take it for a Council. This Charles fa- voured Pope Eugenita, but fo as that he profeffeth he will ftand to the. Decrees of the Council of Bafil.

James de Varadifo, of Chartres, who wrote a little after the CouiicH ' Jacob deParadi- of Bsfil, faith.' Seang we bold it pojfibleto proceed to a Reformation as fo. ■nlib.deSep. ^.g]i gf tjjg Jiead as 0' the Membr-s^ by fueh as have Authority and Fri"-.- ten. ftatifl. Ec- . , ■,,„■■ , ; v . i ■ .i 7 ■ 1 i ,/ ' : *

eun fidency both Spiritual jy.i Temporal,, it muji be either by one M«« or more. .

Ihat it Jhould be by oni Maji is agai-ijl all reafm , how frriinent fo'ever Pe.- he for hU virtues, his knowledge, his worth, although be be renowned for - his miracles, nay in my opinion not By the Pope himfelf alone. For' there-- erf-ftt many Canons^ Tecreials and Conjiitutions made by them already y^ IK are good fr'r nought but -filing up Tircbwent to no purpofe , without.: xniorl^'ig any Reformati.in, EeM.cs, feeing it is evident , that hU own - Court jiands.in great need of Keformjtisn, as hath been well }^im>»- by ike: common cries of the la<^ General Councils ■^fjthich Cotiri of hU if be.-

sitbetr

Cent. 15. 0f FRANCE. 171

either cannot or mUnot reform^ which be covers under his Wing^ how is it credihle that he Jhottld reform the Churchy which is of fo large an exr ' tent ? Befides, it may beobjeded to him, Al>ply the falve to your own ' fores jirjias beingthe Heads for when that U cured ^ yon may with left difftcuhy cure the Members ', wherefore Phyfician heal thy felf Vnfa- . voury fait is not good for feafoning. Wherefore ( by the juji judgement of God) his Decrees are fcarce well received yet, Hor ever will be till he have reformed him felf and his Dependents, And verily I think^the chief eaufe of the defgrmation in the Church is the wound in the Head , which hath need to be cured in the firfi pi tee.

And anon after, Wherefore it feemeth to me an incredible things that the Catholick^ Church (fjould be reformed, unlefs firfi the Court of Rome be fo, but as the World goesnoa>,we may fee what an hard thing that is. ihofe who have the Frefdency in Councils on the Papers behalf, when they fee that matters in the Council make againji their Mafters and them^ ■what can be expeUed from them, but that they wili withfta?id the Decrees of fttch Councils with might and main, either by dijjolving them, or fowing dijfentiont in them j and fo the thing Jhall remain unperfeded, and we dri' ven to return to the eld Wildernefi of Errour and Ignorance: Every body knows thU to be true, unlefs it be fame one haply who is not experienced in time pafl. Ihe 'tragedy which was aUedin our Age at the Council of BzCil doth fuffciently prove it^ as they kyew well who have laid down the ^ory before our eyes.

At this time flouriftied the P<»«ormiM« Abbot, the moft famous of all the Canonifts. In the Council of Bafil forenamed, Amadeus, Arch- Bifliop of LyoWjand Primate of all frame, a Man of great Authori- ty, being toucht with the zeal of Faith, which he faw there to be fup- prefTed, faid, Moji Reverend Fathers, Ida fee here a new fort of Prelates come in, which unto this prefent have k^pt flence, and now begin to Jpeal{. Is not this liks to a Miracle ? I would to God they came, to defend the truth ^ and not to impugn Juljice.

The Cardinal of Aries required that the Concordat of the twelve men (hould be read j and many whifpered him in the Ear that he ftipuld go forward. Then Pamrmitan as foon as the Concordat began to be read, rifing up with his companions' and other Arragons , tryed cut with a loud voice, faying : Tnu fathers do contemn our Kequefls^ you contemn Kings and Princes and defpife Prelates. It vs not for you to conclude : We are the major part of the Prelates , we make the Council^ and it is our part tb conclude. And I in the Name of all other Prelates do conclude that is to be deferred. Then there was fuch a rumour in theCouncil, as is wont to be in Battles with the found of Trumpets, and noife of Horfemen, when two Armies joyn i fome curfing that which Panormitanvitnt about, others allowing the fame.

Then Nicholas Amici, a Divine of Paris, faid > Pamrmitan , I ap- ■

Z 2 peal

172 ^iJe ccrteftatttcal ^x^oit Cent. 15

peal from this your conclufion to the judgement of the Council here"- prefent i neither do I affirm any thing to be ratified which you have done, as I am ready to prove, if it (hall feem good. Many grave and Antient men exhorted Ptf«3r/?»><JK to give over his conclufion. But neither the Fathers of the Council were determined to depart without aconclufion,neither*wasP<?«or»«>«« minded to alter- his intent and purpofe.

TheH 'fhomasKhedoH^ a French Carmelite,: was a famous Preacher : ■ he preached in E«g/<?««^, Fr««ee and Italy \ and in his Sermons faid, Rome is the mother of Abominations : the Church hath great need of reformation ■, Prelates (hould leave their pride and luxury, and fol- low the example of Chrift and his Apoftks..

For fuch preaching he was burnt at Rome by the command of Pop;

Vimaude \\t.^^S^"''^^' Bsptijia Mantnaa fyediking of this man's Death, faith,

feejt, ca. ult. " Ah mad envy, what doeji thou ? Ihou hall not kjlled him, for his Soul cart'

not dye: but by hurting his Earthy body, he-is the fooner partaker of E-

ternal Life.

StephenBrulifer, zDo&or oi Sorbott, znd aFrancifcan,t3LU^tin hfs Ledtures, and maintained in difputes, that neither the Pope nor Coun- Fafcicul. rerum cil can make any Statute or Article to bind thi: Confcience of a-, sxpct. fol. 164. cfjj-if^ian ^ that all their Authority .confifts in urging of obedience un-- to God's word, in preaching it, and adminiftring the Sacraments which he hath inftituted,fo that they bring nothing without his com- mand. He called juftification by merits a devilifli Dodirine fince the Lamb of God was facrificed, and hath fatisfied God's Juftice for ^us-l The Dodors- of 5flrio» would not fuffer him among them. But he- went to Viether Bifnop of Mentz, which had been depofed for ^ fpeaking againft the Avarice of Kome, and was reftored.

Antonim de Kofellis, ^vas.a famous Reader of the Lawsat that time, and writ feveral Treatifes againll the Pope,

About this rime lived alfo iFeJfelm Gantsfort, a Mafter in the Univer= furies .clrurch fit-yof Pijr«V, who for his free fpeaking and writing was forced tore- mi.i.m,ii. ^^^^ ^^ Growing, his Native Countrey. Then he lived in the Mona- fiery of St. ^g«c/ Hill near Srvol, where he taught many young men, . and had correfpondence with fandry Learned men.

Charles VIL dyed July 22. Anno ii^6i.Leippes'^\. his eldeft Son fuc* ceedeth him in the Kingdom.

The late King C^:»r/f/ willing to follow the Council of Bafil^ had ■ fummoned a Parliament at Bif»re/, where by the full confent of all the States in France both Spiritual and Temporal, a certain confiituti- on. was decreed and publifhed, called the Pragmatick^ San^ion, wherein was comprehended, briefly the pith of all the Canons and Decrees concluded in the Council of Bafil, of which conftitution I hinted be- £b*e,..Jrhe faraethje faid Ki.Bg C/^fr/fj- commanded to be obfcjrved

and.

Gent. 15. Of FRANCE. - 173

and ratified inviolably throughout all his Realm, for the honour and ' increafc of Chriftian Religion for ever. Now, King Lenoei XI. fuc- ■ ceffour to C&iir/f /, had promifed before fbeing Vaulphin) unto Pope Fius the fecond (called before JEneai Sylvim') that if ever he came to the Crown, the aforcfaid Yra^matkh^ Santlion fliould be abolithed. . pope P»K< hearing him to be crowned, fent unto him John Balveut a Cardinal with his Letters Patent, willing him to be mindful of his fcirmer promife. The King hereupon diredred the Pope's Letters Patent vnth'-the faid Cardinal to the Council of Varis^ requiring them . to confult upon the caufe. ^ The matter being propofed in the Parliament- houfe, the King's. _ .^-^ ' Attorney named Joannes Komanm^z learned and eloquent Man, pro-.;.; "'

ved the (aid Sandioa to be proifable, good, and neceffary for theu wealth of the Realm, and in no cafe to be aboliflied. Unto whofe - fentencethe Univerfityof P^nVadjoyning their confent , did appeal £nacl3is'ftfr Im from the attempts of thePOpe to the next general Council. The Car--nbcttM«Jei'Egyv dinal fretting thereat, returned to the King, his purpofe being not ob- '''' ®*^^'^* tained. And the fame King Lewf/ , Anno 1463. to fecure himfelf; from the cenfures of the faid Pope, with the advice of his Parliament, ordained an Arreft, that the Cardinal of Cii«jJi?2cf fliould be puniflied,.. becaufe he had rcfifted the Riglpts and. Authorities of the King , faith( - Mt.Jahn ditT^illeti /",.^ ..' ,.[,!1 -., 1 -f

King Lereesxl, caufed a Council of the (jaVtcdn Church , and all,^' theUniverfitiesto be affembled in the City 6{ Orleans ^ to be more,y fully informed in the bufinefs of the Vragmatick^ SanUion j at : which , Teter Duke of Burbon , Lord of Beavietv^ prefidec^ inftead 1 of the King. ;;i,''-

And the Court of Parliament in thofe,Remonftrances which they, made unto King Lej^f J, among other inconvenfences, which they ur- ged would follow upon the abrogation of the Fragmatick^ Sa}i£iio)t^ ^ fay, By this means Strangers would be preferred by the Pope , and not . the Natives of the Countrey, wherein the Benefices lye/, not of the ■ fame qualities and " conditions with the Countrey : Whereupon . would enfue queftions and controverfics betwixt the Church-men or. Seculars, to the great hinderance of falvation of Souls, and irreverence . of the bleffed Sacraments.

The Parliament of P<jm in the Remonflrance made by Lewe/XL- touching the defence of the Pragmatkk^ SanVtion , hath inferted this ■ Article i Item, It belongetb to our Soveraign Lord the King, rvh» is the - principal Founder, Guardian, FroteUor of the Liberties of the Gallican ,

Church, when Jhe fuffers in her Liberties, to ajfemble andcaHl together the touT de Paricm!l Prelates, and other Clergy-men as well ivithik this Kealm, as of Daul- •'eP*"'- ^".5.1 phine, and in the fame Ajfembly and Cengregation of the Gallican . Church fa called together^ there to prefidt^ and provide a remedy againjl

fitch

74 , %^ Cfflfftaltfeal ^(gO?^ Cent. I jr.

fiich attempt't as fitay^ be prejudicial to the faid Liberties.

^- *We find'dH Of diflance made, (reMln'g t© Abbeys , Bifliopricks " aiid Benefices,)'by"th"e fame King, i?»«o 1464. which runs in this, ftxain. Howbiii that by PriviledgesiExprefs^ and Ordi}tances Koyal^ no Man can have any Ele£iii>e Benefice mthin our faid Kingdom, and Daulphine, it concerns us much, that the Bijhopric^', Abbeys and other Dignities, and e- leHive benefices, be furKijhedmthableandJ^ion>M Men^fucb.as reill com' flyi»ithus,andbefirm'anifufeforjis', 'efpecialty Jttch as hold the faid Benefices, and by reafon of thein divers f laces and Fortrejfes , for which dhieri duties and fervic'es 'belong unto us from them : Jet mtrvithftanding our late pious Father granted the faid favour and Patents fo plentifully, . andto all maHner ofj.ofonsof what Nation Kingdom, or KeligioH feever th'ey'rvere,without'diifin&idp\ thai' manv under JhadoTV and pretence of. thefe Licences and? ate Afs, have inffmaWd and intruded themfehes into . the ' faid Dignities , and eleUive Benefices of our faid Kingdom , and do hold them ; Howbeit many of them are Strangers unh^arvn , and mt , to be trajledbyus ; and fuch as neither can nor ought to perform tbofe

"Duties arid Services, which they are bojtnd to do HHto why reafon of the fdidBenef&es. " ' 'c'-. ■ . '

In this' Century fiouri(hed S*e/'i&e« Pafquier , a learrttd Yrench'tnatt, cfcStfcJ ^ notable moral Philofopher, a Man well skilled in the GTee\_ and Latin biioa, ' 'fongues, and in all the liberal Sciences. He hath publiftied alfo Icones, - Epigrams, and Epitaphs, and feveral other works. He hath writ- terr ah excellent Treatife in Fr^Kc^, ftiled , La Recherche, de^ la ■_ France. ' " . \ ■

After the death of Pope Nicholas V. which happned in the year, 4455. the Cardinals entring into the conclave made four fadions , e- leven of tliem pretending to the Papacy themfelves , and yet there were but XV. for any one. After this there began ftrong pra<itices in the behalf of Cardinal Bf/J^^r/oa, 3.Grecian,oi Conflantinople,zn -ofpO' fite to the L^fz« Church. He had difputed much againft purgatory unleavened bread, and againft the very perfon ©f the Holy Ghoft,who (he alTerted J proceeded from the Father alone , and not from the father and Son.

Cardinal Bettone, Arch-Bi(hop of Avignon, laboured tofruftrate that enterprize, who thtts exprefled himfelf. '

Moji Ihflrioui Lords, jhaU vee prefer a Grecian to the Latin Church, ■a CariintViStio, ^»d ^ft^hlifh a Heophite in the higheji place of the Yztkza ? Whir can part. 3. lib. i. ' affure us his converfon is true ? Heterodox opinions in matter of Keligion^ though renounced and altered with the 'tongue , do yet leave a mnddinefs end dijiurbance upon the heart. Shall we give the Keys of Heaven to iim,who for Jo many years, and with fo many Arguments denyed that there was a purgatory ? Shall we maks him Head cfthe Catholichfihurcb n>ho oppofedit with Jo much holdnefs I h the Church of Rome fo poor

Cent. iS' Of F R AN C E: ] _!>$

' '. -..' ■. '-i' -■''■ ■ — '— , ■' ''i ■;.': ,■.;! /;; m '

e»d indigent, that there cannot be one perfon found ont reho rpqs horn }« her bofom^andis worthy ff the Government of ihefloel^ of Chri^? What tpillthereflof the }Iations fay^ to fee us go up and down begging ottr Topes of this CoHVtrey^ and of that? Kouz^ up your felves mp(i noble Companions^ and permit- not a thing fo fcandalous inthe Qhurch of ChriJ^, lam fare of this, lie whichis a friend toChriliianity,^ xfill mtt^.give \it voice for fuch a Pope^ ; . • i , ,. ,. r

Thefe words being fpoken with great energy, had fuch an effetit upon the Cardinals, that they chofe Cardinal Alphonfo Borgia , of the Gity of Valenzz in Spain, who took the name of Calixtus 111.

He lived three years, and.dyed A,ugufi6.iti^<^%. and on the 20*^- of the fame Month, Cardinal Mneas Ficcolemihi of Siena , was created Pope by 18. Cardinals which were prefent in the conclave, in whic}i there nrere but two competitors for the Papacy, viz. Cardinal Kotgma^ genfu and JEneas aforefaid :' fo that for the four days time in which it ; was debated, in the conclave, they had no other difficulty but tp make choice of the one or the other of thefe two. •,, , i ...-, ,;!om j oa

It was ftracge tG;fee each of thefe two perfons driving on hisiovyn'- pr6mption, magnifying.his own virtues, and debafing the qualificati* onsof his Adverfary. , v

Kotomagen^is in this manner went from one Cardinal to anotheif,'- faying; what have ye to do with JEneas ? How can ye think him vfoxr thy of the Papacy ? What paffion blinds you, fo as to confer an office of that import upon a gouty Beggar ? where is his Knowledge? Where is hi^s Learning? Will ye make him a Pqpebfcaufe he is a Poet^ • It is n-ot long (Tnce he came out of Germany ■■% and may he not be like/- Jy to transfer the See into Germany > Ifhould not- have ambition'd it^ . had I not feen a perfon (land for it of much weaker parts than my felf. BteGdeSj.Iani the Ancienter Cardinal of the two. , And I beliejVeyou • think I have parts afld Leay;iin^ enough to goyerii the ;Church , of fihrift. MorcibVer, I am of Royal extraSion, and^have wealth, friend^, and faculties wherewithall to.accommodate and alleviate the neceffitie? ■ , of the Church "..and upon my Eledion , the many Benefices I hold : will be divided among you. , ;; j , , . ^ _^,, - :.: 'X\ii£.ZiAmd,\Qi: Avignon f^x^cd. f)nc Jntereft of, WMam f^otonta' ^fis-^xiotib much aSije wasa Fi'''»c^-»''»«»;a.^bcca^fGiij?qn the prp? nibrion the Cliurch of the faid Wi^iam, be hpped^ with his Palace and Chancery would fall to him. .He aiTembled therefore certain Cardi- nals in an houfe of lOifite, as ip a fecret place in the night, and agreed with thcrri about ; the way, how JVilliam {hould be chofen. The Cardinal of Bologna .^ifcovered the bufinefs tp Mnear after nridnight. >.;. i.i ]>i<t , .■ui:.-ji.vo .r.v iv.-.. , A.\^\j ;_,;i ■ ;.,

In tiie m6rning,eatly ^»t4/ wentto Caj^dwsl ^^derigo, ,z Spaniard^ aed oae of the confpirators for Kotomagenfts^ who had leceivcd apro- ■

iriife

:T7<^ "^" 'JCfteCCClf-i^m^fllO?^ cent, i^,

vaikittWtMng ftomtheiiici it T' I <.ii^ and the Cardinal oi Avigmn^ '- that the Chancellourfhip (hould notbe talcen from him.

He excufed himfelf to Mneat that he had concurred , becaufe he certainly believed he would bechofen, and he was unwilling to hang off, and Ipfe his Chancellpurs place. 'JEneas anfwered, will you then fell your Vote, and by Simony run yoiSr felf into the difpkafure of God ? Do you take fo little care then to obtrude a youth upon the Vatican^ and one that is ar> enemy to your Nation? Know that the Chancellourfhip which ispromifed to you, is promifed likewife , and confirmed to the Cardinal oi Avignon: and can you think that a French Pope will do more for a Spaniard^ than for one of his own Na- tion. --But Roderigo Borgia gave' him not a word.

Sb-:/E«Mj- departing found out the Cardinal of Pavia, who was one ■of the confpirators like wife, and accolkd him in this manner. I hear you refolve to choofe Rotomsgenfu Pope : you ought to be alhamed to degenerate fo much from Ciiiim\ Brando your Uncle , who with fo -much labour and fw eat tyred himfelf out , to traftsfer the Pontifical court from Germany to Rome : and you that are his Nephew would tranfport it from Italy into France. Surely Ratomageafis will never give the Italians t\\t precedence before the French^ and yet you an Italian will confederate fooner with franco than with your own Couh-_ trey. - Can you have the heart to fee your felf a flave to the French^ wheji it is in your power to make the French obedient to our Nation?- ■ - ■ '•■':- ''■'> ■■ ■-'■ •■.zqi\.-

Cardinal P^z'z-* replyed, that he 'did hot believe that the frettekhid iany thoughts againft the profit of the Church, they having given with fo much generofity moftof the Provinces it polTeffed, and they would not probably take away that which they had fo lately given. To which ^«erf/ replyed thus. ■.-•: r< 'r . ^

But fuppofe that (hould be, ought it riot to ftir up youi: heart, againft l^otomagenjtf'^to confiderthe infatriy of his manners, who is given to all lafcivioufnels. You have often told me, you would fooner dyS, than give your voice for Kotomagenfu. What is the reafon of fo great a change ? Is he in the twinkling of an eye become an Angel of, a Devil ? Or are you become a Devil of an Angel > ^ -^ : 'IA"

Favia was aftoniihed at theie words, and wept, replying , AH that you fay JEneas is true : But I have paft my word to make Kotomagenfis Pope, and if I do not, I thall be held infamous, and a Txaytor. To which Mneas anfwered. Things ftand fo, that which way foever you turn you, you cannot avoid the blemifli of a Traytor : It is in your power whether you will betray Italy and your Countreyj or betray him, and be faithful to your Countrey and Ita/y.

.With thefe words favia was overcome , and refolves to betray Kotogamenfis, Then meeting with Cardinal P/rtrayi Santa Maria

nova

Centaf. Of NC £. i^y

nova.^ and other Itir//«« Cardinals »», uis Cardinal of Genoa's chamber, they all refolved to prefer JEneas before any body elfe,

JLatomagenfis fearing things would not happen as he expeded/ecing .^Wijj-going toward the Schedule, he faid to him with an humble voice, i'neas, I recommend my felf to thee : remember me I befeech ihee^ and have compafjion on me. JEneas anfwered him only thus, Voor Worm, thou mifiak^ft in recommending thy felf to me. The Scruti- ny being publi(hed, it appeared, that JEneas had three voices more than Kotomagenfjs, but they could not obtain their two thirds, this.a- ftonifhed the French Cardinals.

The Cardinals Koderigo and Santa Anaflafia declared JEneas with a ^

loud voice, which Cardinal frofper Colsnnaohkxw'm^^ being ambitious to have the honour of making the Pope f forasmuch as theie wanted ■ but one voice) arofe, took his way toward JE.ne^s^ and though he was reftrained by Cardinal IV/c^wo, and Kotomagenfts he cryed aloud,! joyn my felf to Cardinal ^Wi:J/,and do make him Pope.This being heard by the reft of the Cardinals, they all threw thcmfelve^down ai Jj:'.neas''s Feet, faluted him Pope, and con hrmed the ekdion afterwaids with the ufual fuffrages. Then Cardinal Bfj[['<ir?o;z apologi7ed tor himielf to the new Pope, and for all the reft of the Cardinals who had fa- vou red Rotomagenfis,

To whom JEneas ■■, I affure you, you (hall be all equally dear torae^ fori acknowledge my Ek(fiion,rot from thisperfon, or from that, but from God, and the whole body of the Colledge infpir'd by the Holy Ghoft, from whence all perfection cometh.

The States affembled in the City of lours , in a bill which they prefcnted to King Lerves'Kl. among other things, fay, That if the King do not undertake to defend them , confidcring the quality of their perfons, the power and Authority of the Holy See Apoftolick, they (hall notbe ableto refift the ufurpations and impeachments which any Subje(3: of the Realm, and others ambitious of preferment, will make againft the Eledors, which have the right of Eledtion, or ordi- nary Donation by Apoftolick cenfures. And by this means all this Kingdom (which is already at a low ebb, and very poor) (hall be ftrip- ped and difpoiled of that little Money which remains of the former Exa(fl:ions.

In one Ordinance of this King LejTf/ we find thefe words. If it a grange thing ffaith he^ that the unjuji exaSions of the Court of Rome jhouldbe fuffered ■, fuch as their expeCiative Bulls^ and other lik£ knackt^ their Money for vacancies , which is levied contrary to the holy Canons and Decrees^ and contrary to the determination ef the Catholic!^ Church , and facred Councils, that rvhat U fo gotten may be employed in purchafmg of Earldoms and Lordjhips , to bejiow upon people of mean condition , and to prefer them without any precedent merit, witb-

Aa out

178 -jLJe cccleftafttcai ijtfio^p cent. 1 5 .

out any fervke or nfe vphich they can do to the Churchy or for the defence of the Faith.

' At this time lived Thilip de Commines Knight, he was born at Com- mines a Town mFlanderj. In his youth he ferved CW/f/ Duke of Burgundy^ and afterwards Lerees'i^l, King of France , who employed him in his moftfecret and. weighty eft affairs. He hath written the Hiftory of Frawf, under Lfn^w Xl. and Charier VIII. his Son. He wrote fo plainly of thegreateft affairs of State, that Queen Kafherins de Medices ufed to fay, that he had made as many Hereticks in State- po- licy, as Lwflifr had done in P\el!gton. Stephanus Tafchafnn hath this. Epitaph of him.

Galiorum, & noflra Lam una & gloria gentir^

Hie Cominxe jaces^ [t modo forte face f. WjiorixvitampotHifli reddere vivas, Extinctovitam reddidit Hijioria.

t-e recueii. des We find certain piovifo's made by King Leases XI. taken out of an.

ordonnatices d: ^ttCnt Rcgifter, Fontanon.Totn. ^ o

3. auTitreDel'

ladttit. Xes'^J' by the Grace of God King o^ France , to our welbeloved

and faithful Counfellour the Bifhop of Limoges^ and to our. Trufty and welbeloved the Deas and Chapter of Lrwo^ej- afore- ■ faid, and to every one of you, as well joyntly as feverally, (endcth greeting.

JVhereas our- "frully md beloved^ the Chancellonrs^ Frefdents, Majiers of Ordinary KecjHCJh for our Hoitjhold, Counfellonrs, RegHlers, Notaries, together with oztr Advocates , and Atttorney- General for our Court of' Parliament, every Man in his place and Office are appointed and ordained to teait continually upon the employment and adminijlration of our faid Court, andthe adminijirationof JujHce SupreamandCapitalfor our faidKealm^ rvhich is a very laudable thing , commendable and necejjary for us , o«r SubjeSs, andthe rvhole Common-ivealth of this our Kingdom, in n>hich our Court, the Tdgkts and Liberties of the Church of France, rphereof we are the Guardian and TroteUor, are Iprejerved.

And far this reafon our faid Court doth conjjjl in part of Counfellour s and Officers, which are Clergy-men, andEcclefialiicalFerfons. And in > cinflderation of the great, and laudable fervices of the faid ChanceHonr, Frefidents, Mafiers of Kequejls^ CounfeJlors, Kegijkrs, Notaries , Advo' ■cates and Attorney, they or others by their nomination, hy means of theJn" urceffion of our VredecejJ'ors to the Prelates, and other Patrons and eon- f errors. of Benefices, have been preferred unto , and generally provided of ■ Sbarcb- Livings-, which the faid Prelates^ or others the Patrons, or bejtorv-

Cent. 15. Of F R A N C E. vi^p

ers of the fame^ have freely conferred upon them^ or have prefented them unto the faid Patrons in favour and confideration of~us^ and their orvn great and commendable fervices as aforefaid. Which faid Chancellour^ Prefident, Majler of Requefis^ &c. fmceoHr coming to the Crotvn^ nor a long time before^ have not had any fuch preferment upon our entreaty and reqtieft to the faid Prelates-, Patrons, and Collatottrs, as they were went to have. And for this Keafon the faid Court hath with our leave and Li- cence^ made a certain KoV^ wherein every one of them are prefented and nominated., or have prefented and nominated others in their jiead^ each one ■ to fame other preferment belonging to you, or other the Collators and Patrons of the Benefices of our faid Realm.

And whereas our Irujly and Welbeloved Counfel'our, Mr. -iSerman Charterer, hath nominated his Son unto one of your Collations., and pre- fentations, JVe intreat and require you, to give, prefent, and bejiow upon the faid Mr. German Chartelier, the firfl Benefice thatjhall be void with- in vour Vifpofal, Collation, or Prefentation, as our faid ConnfeHour Jhall require, or caitfe you to be required thereunto , hoping that you will not make any denyal of this our Request, which is mo\l juji and reafenable, hut will obey it : efpecially confidering, that our faid Chancellour , Prefidents MajiersofRequelis, Sec. are employed daily, and in continual trouble a- bout the maintenance and defence of the Rights and priviledges of the Churches of our faid Realm , and the adminifiration of Juji ice to exr faid Subje&s : fignifying unto you, that yon jhall herein do us fuch an acceptable favour, as nothing more, by means whereof we take you and your affairs into fpecial recommendation. Given at Mafcon , Augu{l \ %'. in the fixth year of our Reign, thus fubfcribed. By the King, in the prefence of my Lord Cardinal D' Amboife Lcgat in l^ance , and . others. Rohertet. Sealed with yellow Wax, with the King's broad Seal.

There is in the fame Book an exemplification of the privy Letters, which the Court of Parliament writ to the Prelates about thefe no- minations, the Tenour whereof is this.

Reverend father in Cod, We fend greeting to you,

It hath pleafed the King to grant unto the Pref dents, Counfellours and other Officers of this Court, his Letters and nomination to fame Benefices, which are in the hands of fame CoUatours and Patrons of this Kealm,- and among others to our Brother , fuch a Counfellour of our faid Sove-' raign in this Court, to the Benefices which are in your gift and difpofal. Wherefore we earnejily befeech you, that in obedience to the faid Letters^ and in consideration of thedeferts of our faid Brother, you would befiow upon him the firji Benefice that falls in your gift, being by himrequired

A a 2 there-

iSo ^fle Ccclefiagtcal i^tgo?y ccnt. i^.

thereunto. And in fo doing you (hall do us a tnoji acceptable courtefie- for which we (hall takf your affairs into [fecial Recommendatim. Re- verend Father in Cod, rve hefeech the bitted Sen of Ci>d to- grant you your defire. Written at Tarvs in tlie Parliament, under the Seal thereof Septemb.y. T'be Men celehratingthe Parliament. And this Annetation is written in the Margin. Antiquititj fiebant aliter.

vpyea le recueil The faid King Lw^j- Xl. in an Ordinance of January 8. 1475. Du Fontan. les makes this Narration. When any ^e\]ioyts or differences come upon fe"w°4.Ti't" »^> ''^ ^^^^ concerning the ftate of the Church of our Kingdom^ as other 2.«p, I.,. our affairs, tve that ought to have recourfe to them, cannot be ajjijied, aid-

ed, or advifed therein by reafon of their abfence, where we and the- Com- mon-wealth are oftentimes much intereffed. Then after this lie ordains in this manner^

We WiH, Ordain, and declare by thefe Prefents, that all Arch.i'BijhgpT^ Bijhops, Abbots, Prelates, and others,that hold any Dignities within our Kingdom, and do refide out of the bounds thereof and out of our Obedi- ence: Do Eeturn and Repair within five months after the publication of thefe Prefents, unto their Benefices within our fald Realm , or unto fome. one of them if they have any more, and there ma}^ continual Refidence^ there to celehrate and continue divine Service as belongs unto them , and. as they are bouiid to do. As alfo to the end that they may ferve and ajfiji tts in our Councils, and otherwife to the behoof of us , and the Common-, wealth of our faid Kingdom whenneed fliall be. And this upon pain of being deprived of the Xemporals of their /aid Benefices,

_,.,,, . KineLeo'afallin^ into a long and and grievous ficknefs.eave much- Alfns : andin the Chuich ot Si. jehnBaptiji m Paris, he rounded, certain Prieftstofing Maffes for him perpetually, for whofe mainte-s nance he gave of yearly Rent a thoufand pounds of Paris Money : So he remained, in a languiOiing • condition three, years before . he . dyed.

He dyed Augujli^o. 1483. and his Son, Charles VIII, fucceeded him, in the Kingdom, C7;'«!-/if J being crowned at Kbemes, was from thence with pomp brought to ?««>. A general Parliament was held at Tours, where the Pragmatick^ Santiion was reftored to ufc it as they had accuftomed.

In the year, 1494.. this King Charles VIII- carried an Army .of fifty thoufand. of Foot and Horfe out of Frjw? into Italy, and in two months fpacc, he became Lord of the whole Kingdom of Na- ples, except fome little Towns on theSea-Jide, which held for King Ferdinand.

The Pope feeing the fuccefs of King Charles, makes a League with t^e.Epperour Maximilian^ and iht Venetians. Into this League alfq

entrcd

Cent. 15- Of FRANCE. *^* _

entxed Lervet Duke of Milan, notwithftanding that by his procure- ment King Churles took cccalion to come into Italy. King Charles having Intelligence of this League, refolves to leave fuch forces in the Kingdom of Naples ^zi might be fufficient for the defence thereof, and with the reft of his Army to return into frame \ and marching to- ward Rc/w^, he gave the Pope tounderftand, that he came to do his duty to his Holinefs. Pope Alexander not daring to abide his coming- departed from. Kome, wherein, and in other of the Pope's Towns, the King's Troops did much harm.

The FrMc^ King departing from Rowe, continueth his journey to- ward Frayice. Coming near to Tarma , pafling the River "tarro^ he met a great Army of his Enemies, whereof Fr<««rM GoHzaga, Marquefs - of Mantua was General, with whom tbey came to a Battle, in which there dyed a thoufand Men of both fides, Anno 14^5. But after- feme Treaties between the two Armies, the French in a night went toward Afie^ where the King remained certain days, and a Peace was ■ concluded between him and the Duke of Mi/<*7ii and Lewes Duke of Or/ea«x rendring Novarra, King C&jr/fx returned into France, and Fer* dinand King of Naples recovered that Kingdom.

Concerning theabufes of the Court of Kome, among the Statute* of this King Charles Will. I find in a Statute of February 18. I4p5. this complaint. " Some years ago the Popes of Rome, in defpight and' " contempt of the Decrees of Antient Fathers and General Councils, " have brought all EcclefiaRical Dignities, Cathedral and Collegiate " under their difpofal, and all other of greateft value next after Ei-coum:*T?Uent! "(hopricks : they have granted Livings in reverfions upon the Vacan- ''• »•«.«• - "" cy to any that would fue for them* which hath been the occafioa. "for one to thirft after the death of another. They have invented ■ ''abundance of tricks , whereby they have utterly annihilated the ■•

"power and Authority of the . Bilbops , Chapters and Colledges; " infomuch that there isnone now , that hath the power to prelenr " to a living.

In the Year, 1 498 . King Charles VHI. dyed of an Apoplexy at Am-' bmfe. In him failed the dired: Line of the Kings of France , defcen- ded from Fhilip of Valois, and the Crown fell to the collateral Line, of the which the neareft Prince of the Blood was Lewes Duke of Orleans and Valois, who fucceedcd in the Kingdom of France. He was an- excellent Prince, of a liberal Nature, affable, temperate, and of great' moderation, and was happy in his Reign. Who fubdued under his • obedience, Milan, with Low^jr^^, and Gf«(?<» with her two Rivers; Eaft and Weft, together with thelilands of Corfica and Chio , re-- conquered and divided the Realm of Naples-, with the King of' Spain , but in the end loft it by his Treachery , fupprefted the Pope's hifokncy 5 and dukaed thi Venftians. He. was -crowned-

1 8 2 5:^0 ettMMitai l^lilO?^ cent. 1 6,

in the Atbey ot Saint Te^JJ in France , on the firft of July following, and on the next day made his triumphant entry into P-*w.

Century XV

L

E?»w XII. after he had worthilf performed the Funerals of his Predeceffour, he firft purchafed the love of the Noble-men of his Court, maintaining every man in his State and Dignity, and the Magiftr^tes in their Office. He fought to- cut off the tedioufnefs of Suits i he freed his Subjeds from the third part of the Subfidies which opprefTed them : he put the Men at Arms into Garri- fons, reducing them to the Antient Difcipline of War. He made ma- ny good Laws againft the abufive charges in the purfuit of Juftice : neither did he ever publifli any Edidt before it was . confirmed by the Judgement of Soveraign Courts* T5e Serres Hift. His Decrees contained fome limitation of the priviledges granted in in^vu. Ludovici. q]^ ^Jj^^ j.^ Univerfities, the which they abufed to the oppreffion of the people. Thellniverficy of Pi?m oppofeth againft the publicati- on thereof, and many infamous Libels were publiftied againft the King and the Chancellour of Roc^f/orf. The Scholars flock together, re- folving to abandon both ftudy and the exercife of Learning. Johtt Cave being Reitor , forbids the Regents to read any more, and the Preachers to preach, until the Univerfity had recovered her Antient priviledges. The King hereupon draws many Men at Arms into P<«w, and in Parliament confirms the abovenamed ordinances by an Edid.

The Redor fearing a check, keeps all the Scholars within their Lodgings, and revokes the commandement he had given. Jo^f^ StandoH, a Dodor of Divinity, one of the chief of the Fadioti , was banifhed the Realm. .Ihomas Jf^a^net oi C ambr ay (vi/ho'm 'preaching had railed againft the King's Authority) banifhed himfelf. AH things being thu^tUled^Lems takes upoH him the Title of Duke of Milan. " - - He

Cent. i6. Of F R A N C E. 183

— — ^

Heputs away yo<i« his wife, and marries with /4«?2 , the Widdow of the late King C/.>j*-/fj-.

Our Ladies Bridge at Farh fell , threefcore houfes were ruined with it, and a great number of pcrfons were fwallowed up in the River.

As touching the priviledges of the Kings of France^we find, when the Parliament of Par/> gave their opinion, and all the Chambers met together'about receiving the Cardinal of /^w^.i/Ze , and the qualiiicati- ons that fhould be put to his faculties (which was on Vecemb. n,. 1501.} t'le Lawsof theLand and theLibertiesof the G<:i///m« Church were reprefented at large, among which this was one , That the King , of France cannot be excommunicated , that his Kingdom can- not be put under an Interdidl , as is colleded out of the Antient Regiflcrs. .

In the beginning of this Century , Mr. John le Maire one of the Frwc/^Hiftorians wrote his Book of Schifm, and therein gives us to underliand, that there were endeavours then for the Retortration of the Church. Every good Chriftian f faith he) ought to pray to God, . that the two laft Councils of the Galliean Church, may engender one great, llniverfal, and general Council of all the Latin Church , to re- form that Church, as well in the Head as the Members •, fo as the ge- neral Councils ufe to do. And that if it be not kept at Lyons, if may be kept in feme other place moft expedient ajnd neceffary for the pub- lick good : which may be very well done at, this prefent, confidering thegreatpeace, amity and union which is betwixt the two greatelt Potentates in Chriftendom, the Emperour and the King, together with a third confederate in the Leagiie , the Catholick King Ferdinand of Arragoii^ who ought altogether to reform the abufes of the Church of 'Rome. 'Which Reformation muft of neceility be made. ■ Thiis h'efpeaks of the aforementioned Fragmatick^ San&ion, Foras- much (faith hej as the Pope's are not content, that the Fragmatick^ SanCi'mt htm force, although it be founded upon the Holy Canons, J-^ M^jre ^",.18: and Authorized by the Council of Bafil^ but it derogates from the fer^de'fchirmes! " unfatiablecovetoufnefs of theCourt of Kowe, therefore they fay it is a pure Herefie. •

In the time of this King Lewes XII. lived Robert Ga^win, who wrote the Fre«c^ Hiftory. Er^/?>«« his intimate Friend, calls him a hnoft difcreet Hiftoriographer ; he compares him to «?.*/«// and Livy, An' erti Mitoei for purity of fpeechand compofition of his Hiftory. He was alfo a EioE.Beig. . good Poet, and an excellent Oratour,and a Man well skilled in all po* lite Learning. He w&s fent AmbalTadour by the King of France in- to England, ^''»()'> 3"^ Germany.

About this time fiouriflied Jacobus Faher, skilled in all- Learning, and clpecially in Divinity, Farel and Calvin wexc his Scholars. J"/:'-^*"'-'^*'*""'

Sleidan

_ '^4 %t^t eccleftatfttcal i^tftO?^ Cent. 16.

Sleidan faith, he fufFered great perfecution for the truth , from the Matters at Prfw.

He was very low, of a modeft countenance, and a fweetdifpofition his mind wholiy eftranged from al! injuftice. I find him thus cha- rad'erized. Celeberrimus noftri fecnli Fhilofophuf, Belg, quinimo & to- iius Gdlli£ uMum deem. Pnimmapud Gallot (ut Ckcioapud-RomznosJ VhilofophiamrHdem& impolitamatm ehquentia'-junxit, E/f in dicendo fublimis^ in fententiis gravis^ inattentione exquifitus^ in compofitione'di- ligens accuriofrts.T'rithem.deViris.IllMjirih.

JodocTji Clichtovepcs, a nioft learned Man of Taris , was contempo-

jrary with Jacobus Faber.

'Ije Serr« Hift. King Lejve/ and the EUnperour being at Variance, a Treaty was a-

: in vit. mdov. greed on, and for this Treaty the Cardinal of ^«i^fl?ye, Lieutenant-

^^' General for his Majefty at Milm. went to the Emperour to trent^

where firft they Treated of the marriage of Ci&^r/^j the eldeft Son to

the Arch-Duke Fhilip oi^ Jnftria,\vhhClaude, the only Daughter of

herpes XII. then about the calling a General Council to reform the

Church, not only in the members, but even in the Head doubtlefs

there is fmill affurance in the friendfhip of Princes J who thirft after

nothing but their own greatnefs.

Moreover,feldom (hall we fee any thing fucceed well with them, who have coloured their pailions with the name of the Church , and the Reformation thereof, which they did not really intend. And" likewife all tlie malitious p'radlices, and School-tricks of a Cardinal, Cwhofe ambitious fpirit gaped after the Popedom^ what could they produce but fmoak for France^ and combuftion for Italy >

The Arch- Duke PAi///) with his Wife, Daughter to Ferdiita»d King of ArragoM, and Ifabel Queen of Caliile, paffed through Taris Novemb. 25. and from thence to B/w, where the King and Queen remained, where they concluded the marriage of their children. But Man pitrpo. feth, and God difpofetb.

The Duke of Milan was foon after made Prifoner by the Treachery of thtSHijJers; Cardinal ^Z^'^"'"''' leaves iVf//i/« abandoned , but he is betraid, and led prifoBcr toFmcf: but the Fr^acfe King fent for him to Ff«icf, and not only theperfon of the Cardinal was delivered to him, but alfo all thofc of Milan that were taken with him. The City of Milan, which had revolted from the French, fent fpeedy Am- balTadours to the CardinalD' Amboife to folicit for pardon. He re- ceived them into grace, and pardoned the Rebellion in the name of the King, but under this bond, to pay three hundred thoufand Ehicats, of the which the King afterwards difcharged them in a great part. He pardoned alfo other Towns that had rebelled , which he taxed ac- cording to their Quality, making the Vidory profitable, and the tranf- grellions of the Offenders an increafe of the King's Treafure.

liudovi'

CenM<5. Of FRANCE. 585

Luddvkus Sforza Dake o( Mi/.i« was carried to Lyons ^ where the King was at that time : and entring the Town at noon-day, multi- cmcciardin's tudes of people flocked to fee a Prince who from fuch greatucfs and '' '*' Majefty was fallen into fo great a mifery. And not obtaining leave to be brought into the King's prefence, which he much delired, he was conveyed within two days after to the Tower of Loches^ wherein he remained prifoner ten years, even to the end of his Life. The Car- dinal 4/c<i«i«/ followed him a little after , but he was both received with more honour and humanity, and gratioufly vifited by the Cardi- nal P' /^»»^o//e, by whofe interccffion he wasfent to the great Tower at Bourges^z prifon more honourable, wherein the King that fen^him had before been refirained two years in captivity.

Pope ^/f^ViiWcrVI. being dead, ^««o 1503. P/a/'III. was chofen, but he dyed within 27. days. Then Wis Julius II. chofen , a Man froward, cruel, fadious and turbulent.

Anno 1506. the French King, albeit the year before he was much dif- contented with the Pope, for that he had difpofed and induced the Benefices which were void by the death of Cardinal y^/cj«/«j-, and o- thers in the Dutchy of Mi/j« , without his participation: and for that alfo in the creation of other Cardinals, he had refufcd to call the Bifliopof Achz^ Nephew to the Cardinal D' Amboife; and the Bifhop of Baieux, Nephew to Monfieur Irimovile ■■, being earnellly folicited by the King, who in thofe regards had caufed to be fequelired the fruits of the Benefices, which the Cardinal 5. P. ad Vincula , and others of the Pope's Amity pofleffed in the State oi MiUn. Yet the King on the other fide judged it neceflary to re-enter into reconcilement with, the Pope, to whom after he had releafedall the fequeftrations, he fent the Bi(hop of StjleroH, the Pope's Nuncio, to negotiate with him many ■plots againft the Fe«f*/:2«x, to whom he knew the Pope could not but continue to bear an ill will, for the dcfire he had to recover the towns of Edmania.

The Bifhopof Sijleronhdng received and heard with gladnefs a- greeable to the nature of his delire, was difpatched , and fent back a- gain with diligence, to folicit between them a re-union and amity: wherein the better to difpofe the mind of the King, and the Cardinal V Amboife, hepromifed by writ Cwhich the faid Nuncio carried with him) the Dignity of Cardinal to the Bifliops ot Acbz and Baietix. Yet notwithllanding in fo great an heat of forwardnefs, he ciitrcd of- tentimes into many doubts and difficulties, either tor a certain hate he had conceived againil the French King, at fuch time as himfelf fled into France to avoid the trains laid for him by Pope Alexander ; or for that it much d ifcontented him to be as it were drawn by compul- , fion by the power and importunity of the French King, to transfer fo the Cardinal V Amboife the Legation of the Kingdom of Franse: or

B b . lailly, ,

»8^ %l)e ecclefiaGtcaUf lao^V cent.16.

Jalily, for that he fufpecled left the faid Cardinal (who afpircd to the Popedom; not having patience to tarry for his Death, wouW feek to climb up to it by 'ways linider and extraordinary. Thefe things made him often to waver in his Refolutions, determining not wholly to joyn with the French King \ and yet without his conjunction , he knew it was itnpoilible, that at that time any thing of confequence fliould fjccced with him.

Pope y«//wrefolves to recover Bo%«/ J by forcf of Arms, for a hatred newly kindled againft y^/M Bf«f/z'5^/.» , becaufe in the time of his adverllty, when he durft not abide in Kovie ; and feeking fafety in Cento a Town of his Biilioprick in.Bologma, he was driven to flee away by night,hearirg a bruit publilhed that he ll.ould be apprehended pri- foner at the inltance of Pope Alexander.

The Pope took Cejetu and Farolivio^ from Cxfir 'Borgia^ the Son of Pope Alexj'ider \Jl. He expelled the Family of Bentivogli out of Bomniai he excommunicated the Fe«ff/^aj, and gave their 'Lands to the hrlt that could take them. King Leives XII. overthrew the Venetians at Abdna; and albeit he gave the greateft part of his pur- chafe unto Jnlm , yet he envyeth the profperity of Lerves, and combined again with the Venetians , to expell him out of Italy.

Anno 1 5 ic. died the Cardinal V Amboife .^ Uncle to the Lord of ChixmeHi, a man of a great fpirit, and well experienced in aifairs : but with the fervice of his Malier, he did not forget the content of his own private ambition.

• The Pope reneweth the War againft thofe oi^Fenara, and feeing

hiiuiclf unable to prevail with his Temporal Forces, he excom-

miinkzizs AIpbo:-ifg of Elfe , and all thofe who were or fliould come

to his fuccour, namely Charles of Amboife^ with all the chief of the

Trench Army.

_. , .^ This furious courfe made King Letves to affemble all the Prelates-

cf his Reahti atT'fl,'//-/, with the mofi famous Dodiors of all his Uni-

verlities, as well in Divinity, as in the Civil and Canon Laws^, who

refolveupon eight notable conclulions againft the Pope.

Enht conciufi- ^" "^'^^^ '^ ^^^^ "°^ lawful fcr the Popeto aiTail any Temporal ons made by the Priuccs by force in their Territories not belonging to tlie Church, Se"pVs°^i* 2. That it was lawful for any fuch Prince, for the defence of his- if»rr, Subjcds and Countrey, not only to repel this injury by force , but alfo

to invade the Territories of the Church poflcifed by any fuch Pope, not with an intent to hold them, but to the end (the Pope being difpof- fcffv-d thereofj lie Ihouldhaveno mere means tomoleft his Eftatei fee- ing the Pope had through the aid of the faid Prhice recovered the fame Lands ufwp<d befori.by certain Tyrants.

3. That-

Cent. i6. Of FRANCE. 187

3. That forfo manifeft" a wrong and unjuft attempt, any fuch Prince might withdraw himfelf from the Pope's obedience, for the defence of his Temporal Eftate, feeing he iiad Oirred up many other Princes and Common-weals to invade the Domi- nions of the faid Prince, who deferved reward and love from the A- poftolica! See.

4. That this fubftraftion being made, they (hould obferve in France the common and Antient Law, and the Fragmatick^ SanUion enaded at the Council of Bafd,

5. That any fuch Prince might by force defend another Prince , his confederate, and of whom he had lawfully taken the protediion for thofe Seigneuries which he had long enjoyed with a juft Title , feeing this confederacy had been made with the confent of the faid Pope, who fas the chiefj was comprehended therein : and that this Prince al- lyed according to the form of the League, had given aid for the reco- very of the patrimony of Sf . Teter.

6. That the Pope pretending any thing due for any Rights belong- ing to the Church of Rowe, and the Prince on the other fide challenged to hold of the Empire, and fliculd refer this controverfie to the cen- fure of indifferent Judges, as Equity required^ that in this cafe it was not lawful for the Pope without further knowledge of the caufe, to make War againft any fuch Prince, which if he did , the faid Prince might oppofe his Forces with other Princes his confederates , fo as that right had not been poffeffed by the Roman Church within an hundred years.

7. Thatifthe Pope would not accept this honeft and lawful offer, but contrary to order and right fliould give fentence againft any fuch Prince, maintaining his right not to depend upon the Church ■■, neither he nor any other by oppoiing (hould incur the cenfure of that fentence, feeing that Prince had no free accefs, neither to go nor fend to Kome to defend his Rights.

8. That if the Popeunjuftly (the due courfe of Law not ob- fervedj fhould by main force pronounce any cenfures againft any fuch Princes, their Allyes and Subjeds, refifting in fuch a cafe, the fentence were of no force , neither could it be by any means binding.

The King hereupon fent Ambaffadours to Pope Julius in the name of the French Church, to admonifh him, that leaving his dcfigrs , he fhould attend to peace, and reconcile himfelf with the aforcfa^d Prin- ces, and upon refufal they (hould fummon him to call a Council ac« cording to the Decrees of the Holy Council of Bafil. But the Pope defpifethall.

Then the Emperour's and the King of France his Deputies, alliftcd

Bb 2 by

[88 ^fte cccleftalltcal i^itlo?^ Cem. i6.

by the Cardinals of St. Craix, St. Male, Baieux, Colenfe^ Albret^ and ma- ry others on A/jy ip.T5ii. publi(h a general Council to be held at Vifa for the firfi of September following, the which City was lately returned to the ©bedience of the Florentines.

To crofs this Council, the Pope (following the advice o^ Anthony de Moiitof St. Saufgvhi^ one of the eight Cardinals newly created at "B.-aveHtia) appointed a general Council on A%' i. at St.. John de Late- ranin Koi>:e. And to keep the King's forces quiet, he colourably gave ear to apeace. which the Bifhopof livoli his Nuncio , and the King of 5'co/J- AmbalTadour treated for him with the King, and the Cardinals of Nantes ani Sfr'igonium with the Pope.

But y«/"w having been fick , and being freed from the fears of death, he makes a new League with the Senate of Venice , and the King of Arragon againft the French ; to maintain fas he faid ) the union ^ of the Church, to defend it from apparent Schifm, and to recover all fuch places as depended either mediately or, immediately upon the church.

The firft day of September being come, the Cardinals Attorneys in their names do celebrate the AcSs appertaining to the opening of the Council at Tifj.

The Pope being wroth, declared Florence and P//i fubjed to the Ecclefiaflical cenfure, by vertue of the Bull of the Council which he had caufed tobepublinied : and he pronounced the aboveaaraed Car-^ dinals void of the Dignity of Cardinals, and fubjedi to the puniftiments of Hereticks and Schifmaticks.

The Florentines and Pifans appeal from this curfe to the Holy Council of the Univerfaj Church. At the iirft Seffion the Cardinals call the Clergy to alhft in the Cathedral Church : but not one appear- eth : the Priefts deny their Ornaments to the Cardinals offering to ce- lebrate the Mafs, and fnut the Church doors i fo that the Cardinals fearing they ihould not remain fafe in Tifa^ decreed to have the Coun- cil tranfported to Milan.

They found the like difficulties at Milan. The Clergy abftain from faying Service, as before accurfed perfons ; the Commons curfe them and openly deride then), efpecially the Cardinal of St. . Crflix , chofen Prefident of the Council.This dealing of the Mdanois., made them to tranfport the Council to Lyons^ where Juliin was fufpendcd trom his . Popedom : and prohibitions were made throughout all France.^ not to fend any Money to Kowze, nor to bring any Bulls from thence. Here- upon Pope y«//;« did not only excommunicate all tie French.^ butal- fo granted Bulls of pardon to any one that fhould kill a ^rench-maK, giving.the Realm of France.^ and that of Navarr fin hatred of Johno£ Albret^ allyed to the King, and at the perfwafionof Ferdinand King of . Arragon) in prey to the iirft con^uerour. .

Btlt:

Centig. Of FRANCE. i89

But King Lftves XII. beat the Pope in a Battle near Kavenaa^ which beating wrought this effc(fl,that the King was fued to, and re- ^'^^6^1?^-°;'" ceived with as many fpiritual graces as he was pleafed to have, and the Lewes xii. (bU ■ Kingdom of France was reconciled unto his Holinefs. But foon af- '3-^*'"''55- ter by Treachery the French King lofeth the . whole Eftate of Mila>t, Maximilian^ Grand- child to Leiwex Sforza , is refiored , and named Duke of S/r/^«. And tiavar is uflirped by the King of AnagoH. Pope Juliuf dyeth, February 2 r. Anno I 5 1 5. and John Cardinal of Medicis fucceedcd him, who v;as called Lw the tenth. The fame year dyed /fwHhe Frf«ci['Qu.een, and the next year Lewe/ Kingof Fr^«cfmar- rieth the Lady Mary^ fifter to Henry VIII. King of England.

But as Lewes pleafed himfelf exceedingly in the excellent beau- ty of his new Spoufe , behold a Fever accompanied with a flux of blood frees him from the cares and troubles of this World. So Lea>ef dyed, on January i. 1514. greatly lamented of all his Subjeds.

Francis, the firft of that name, fucceeded him in the Kingdom : he was before Duke of ValoU, and. Earl of Angolefm, Son to John Earl of Angolefm, who was the youngeft Son of Leives Duke of Orleanr^ (raurthered by the B«rg««i^/i»« at r<jnT, in the time oi Charles Vl.j who was alfo the youngeft Son of King Charles V. He was anointed at fihemes being 2 2 . years old.

William E«^f»tf, born at Pari/ , was Secretary to King Fmw/j the hrft, and keeper of his Library, and afterwards his Counfcll©ur, and yj^jtfi'^j^,/ • Mafter of Requetls. His Commentaries upon the Greek Tongue, his Epiftles, philology, his Commentaries upon the Pandeds, and other of his works, (hew his great knowledge in the Greek and Latin Tongues^ In thofe things which he wrote before the preaching of Luther, he - doth (harply and largely accufe the Pope, Prelates , and Popifh priefts^ cfpecially in his Book de Ap which was publiftied-, Awio 1 5 1 5. H€ Montacnt. Ani^ ■■ thus defcribeth the State of the Church at that time i Czy'wg^Jhe Cler- left, exercit-j,. cy are rvorfe than the vporil of the people in all kjnd of Vice and wanton^ Sea-'t. j^

nefi: Prelates are ignorant, and enemies of Learning , havbtg no refpeSl to the fjlvation of Souls^but rather thrujiingthem down to Hel! by their falfe "teaching, and tvicked example.

He was a Man of great Learning, and worthy to be had in perpetual . memory; for this caufe cfpecially, that He and Cardinal M«^, of^enEbn"!,'! Biftiop of VarU , did counfel and perfwade this King Francis to Learning.Lj.c.S. . do a moft noble Ad, that is,to appoint great ftipends for the Readers of Tongues and good Arts in faris. Buchanan hath thisdiftich of him. .

Cal'ia quod Grxca eft, quod Cr<ecia Barbara non eji) •, Buehan, li. 2, E.::

Vtraqife Budno debet utrumqite fuo , . '"'''^*"'' '

i9o IClje eccleftafttcau^ifto^p Cent.i^.

Ste^hanm Fafchafm in his Iconei hath thefe Verfes of him.

Et Lat'u nobis dehent Grai^gne Camenx : Latidem utram queras^ magmti utraque fm.

He dyed at Taris^ Anm 1 539.

The feveral courfes King Fri^^c/V took for the reftoring of Learn- ing in France^ Amoin dii Verdicr mentions in his learned preface to his Bibliotheque : and in his Book he faith, he was defervedly called, "the Father of Learnings becaufe he founded Colleges in Pmj for the in- lftru(5ing of youth in the Hebrein?. Greeks and L(ifi« Tongues , and ga- thered together Learned men of good lite out of all parts of the World, to read publickly in the Univerfity of Tarii. 1'hevet andPo- JJfiW travelled into the Eaft, td procure him rare Books for bis Li- brary.

Through long ufe and cuftom he had acquired much knowledge:

for Dining and Supping, his talk was commonly of Learning, and

that mod: eagerly, ufing many years for the fame purpofe James Coline,

a Learned man, and in the vulgar Tongue mol^ eloquent : and after

. him Peter Caihl'aH. Of thefe two he had learned whatfoever was

written in the Books of Poets, Hiftoriographers, and Cofmographers.

Moreover, he attained to a perfect knowledge of whatfoever Arijiotle,

fcelRliof Relig. '^^"P^M^^s^'PH'"}'-, and fuch Other like, have written of the nature of

^ndLcarn. Plants, Herbs, Beafts, Mettals, pretious Stones , and by daily ufe and

hearing, did remember them. He ufed alfo to confer much of the

Mathematical Sciences, and often to reafon out of the Scriptures. In

his own Tongue he was always accounted right grave and eloquent.

swd.Conment. Throughout Grffce and J^i//)'j he had thofe that fought and copied out

Li.i?.p. 2S3. ^^^ j^jj^ jj^g works of old Writers,-and he made a great '^Library , the

keeper whereof wzs CaJieHan.

IViiliam Bellay was a mart of much honour and vertue , and a fpecial Ornament of ihtFremh Nobility, by reafon of his nota- ble Learning , Eloquence, Experience, and fingular Dexterity in all affairs.

Andrew 'thevet was Cofmographer to the King of Frame, He hath written an Univerfal Cofmography in Fre«c/^ in two Towe/, in Royal paper, in which he doth not only rehearfe what he learned from the Books of others, but what himfelf had feen by travellmg almoft over the World, and by viewing all the Seas : fo that fome think there is no thing more lea:rned, and more orderly difpofed. He hath alfo written, Les vies des hommes ilhijires, the lives of Illuliriousmen in French^ in a great Folio with their pourtraifts. 1 ' ''

Eitliani de -at; fFiJliam PojieVuf wzs a good Lirguid, but he was little better than comm. otr* ^^^^ ^ f^j j^^ j^^j J j'j^^j Adam's Soul was in him, with many other grofs

opinions.

Cent. i6. Of FRANCE. 19 1

opinions. BihliandcT makes honourable mention of him,becaufe he was thefirftChriflian man that publi(hed the rudiments of the Arabicl^ Grammar. There are thefe works of his :

Ve LiHguamm 1 2 "Differentmm Alphab, Clavis abfconditorum £ternx veritat-is. J)e ph£nknm Lit. , T>t Orbis Terrx Concordi^- Ve Etruri£ Origine.

feter CalhJlan-W3,s V>\^o^o^ Orleans^ ^ a Man highly efteemed in ; ;■ • ^ frmce at this time for his excellent Learning. He hath written four ^"J^;' * '''''* "iiOdksde efu carn'mm, ' .'

Marguerite^ Queen of Navarr^ was Sifter to Francis the firll. There areher Memoires. In the Epiftle to the Reader are thefe words, ^e Rome vante taut qu^ il lay plaira let Commentaires de fon premier Km- pereitr^ La France a maintenant les Memoires d" une grande Koine qui tts leur cedent enrien. Her poetical works are joyned together.

Claudius EJpef!C£its,- a Dodor of Sorbon flourilhed at this time. None of the Divines of ?aris\\Zi\ a greater concourfe of all Degrees and was more admired for his frequent Sermons to the people than He. There are many queilions concerning Religionjdifcuffed by him in L«* tinmA. French with great fub'ilty.

He was very eloquent. His Commentaries upon "timothy and T/Va/, are well approved. In his Comment on 'litus Ij/; proves by ma^ny good Authorities that Clergy- men are fubjed to Secular Princes, and owe all honour unto them as to their Lords.

On the fame Epiftle he fets down a Lift of the many tricks and de- vices of the Court and Chancery of Rome, invented meerly for •catching of Money •, where he puts in am.ong the reft expedative gra- ces or rcverlions, fecret refcrvations, beftowing of Benefices upon the firft comer, uniting of many Benefices to one Chappel , Prebend , or other Benefice, Mandates, preventions, propinations, fmall or ordina- ry ferviccs, conditional refignations, detaining of all the revenue in lieu of pen(ion,anda numberof fuch like things which were not heard of for a long time in the Church], ind vyhich) would be ftrangenewsto Peter indFaui\ if they fhoald come iritO: the World Egain. ■ ' . ■ :

Tills learned Divine hath fpoken much of ihcfe things.

And thufethat delire further to be informed herein, I will refer to the Bi>ok entitled, "taxa Cancellaria JpojioliO£ ,• Vxinted at Paris by "lou^aifit Denis, Anno 1520. •*-'i V'' '-''•'" "''' ' *'■' ■ ■

And y»;t this is nothing iii CbWparifon '(bf the Penitentiary "Tax^ Printed with the fame book, where every fin, every crime, liow hai-

nous-

192 ^Ije CCCleftafticai !^lfl:0^^ Gent. i5«

-nous foever, h^th it's price fet^ fo that to have a Licenfe and itnpu- :nity for finning, there needs no more but to be rich i to have a paf- "^ort to Paradife, both for a raan'« felf, and for his mifdeeds.

But that which might make Ro.we b'ufh Cif there were any (hame -' in her brow) is, that pardons and indulgences are denyed to the poor and indigent, who are not of means fufficient to raife thefe criminal and inceUuousim.pofitiors.

It may feem that the Bull of Pope Leo X. added at the end of the Cemordat, and confirmed by the Letters of Ring Francis I. hath dero- gated from the Pragmatick^ Sanciion. But that Bull was never recei- 'fnt. Rebuff, in 'Ved and approved in France^ as Mr. Feter 'Kebuffus doth teftifie. tT/'ir briode'^nimdat' ^'"?/^"'«*'<'«i (faith he) as being about a m.oney-mater, tpm never received . Apoftol. by the Inhabitants of this Kingdun:. Nor is tt comprehended within the

-Concordate ■■, nor the Kin^s Declaration coKcerning it verified in the Court of Farliament.

In the year, 1 5 id. Pope Leo X. under pretext of collecting mo- ney to wage War againft the T.w/^, fent Indulgences through all Chri- ttendom, granting pardon of iins both for guilt and punilh'ment unto all which would give Money. 'Tecelim expofeth thefe Indulgences to falein Gfn«<*«y,and Luther writeth againit the abufes of them , feme •Write againfl: Luther^ and others defend him.

L»*i>fr proceed eth, and writeth againft other corruptions of the Churchof Rowe, and many areenlightnedby him. Charles V. being ■Emperour, calleth a Dyet at Wormes^ and thither is Luther fummoned Anno 1^21. who ftoutjy defendeth his Do6i:rine, and many Priefts began to preach, and even in ^/^orwej after they had feen the conftan- c^ oi Luther, they receive the preachers of the Gofpeh and becaufe they could not have the liberty of the Churches, they fet up a portable pulpit, and heard the preachers in many places of the Town until the year 1 52 5. The Gofpel was preached in S^wwy, and embraced there, as alfo 31 Halberjiat,l4amburgh,Fomerania,Liveland^ and many other places.

Charles Duke of Savoy was defirous of truth and" purity , Luther underftanding it by Annemund Coot a French Knight, writes unto him , a confeilion of Faith to confirm him in the zeal of piety. In the clofore he faith, ff^ell! lUullriotis Prince, jiir uf that fpark, which hath begun tok^indle inthee, andlet fre come from the houfe of Savoy, as from the houfe of Jofeph, and let all France be kjndlsd by thee ■■, yea, let that Holy fire bumandencreafe, that at laji France may be truly called for the Go/pel's fake the moji Chrijiian Kingdom.

In the year 1 525. the Gofpel began to be openly preached in France at Gratianople in the Vaulfhinate by Peter Sebevilla. ZuingUus by wri- ting encouraged him to lift up his voice like a Trumpet , and found forth the Gofpel in Frame.

At

Clcnt.i6. Of FRANCE. J9^

At the fame time in MelJa about ten miles from Pam, was Eidiop iViHiam Brijfomet •■, he was a Lover of Truth and Light, he pafTcth by *

the Monks, and fought learned Men to teach the Gofpel. So from Faris^ he calleth Jacobus Faber, William Farel, Arnold^ and Gerard Ked^ who did moft fervently inftrud the people in the truth.

But the Bifhop's courage was fcon abated by terrible menaces of the Sorbomsijh^ reverthclefs the word of God was planted in the hearts of many, and by the wondrous counfcl of God from the perfccution' - '

of that one Church many Churches through France were planted, for both the Teachers and hearers were fpread abroad.

After Martin Luther had opened the way in Germany , John Calvin: born at Noyon in Ticcardy^aMdinoi a great wit,marveiloiJl]y eloquent, and generally Learned, departing from the Faith then generally held, propofed in his Book's which he publifl-.ed in Print, and in his Sermons which he preached in divers places in I'Vjwe, one hun- dred twenty eight axiomes (fo he called them ) difagrecing from the Koman Church.

The Frf«ci[) Wits, curious by Nature, and defiroiis of Novelties, began at firft rather for paftime than through choice to read his wri- tings, and frequent his Sermons. But as P<Ji///i«,a rapilt , obferveth in his Hiflory of the civil Wars of Frame ^ as in all bulinefs of the World it ufeth often to fall out, that things beginning in 'leli^ end in ear- 7/f(?; fo thefe opinions fOwed in God's Church, fo crept up (faith he) ^^^,1;^ j^;^_ „[• that they were greedily embraced and firmly believed l)y a great num^ the civil Wara ber of people and pcrfons of all qualities, infomuch that Calvin came °^^'"'"" '*''• '' to be reverenced of many in a fliort time, and believed for a new mira- culous Interpreter of Scripture, and (faith my Authour J as it were a certain infallible Teacher of the true Faith.

The foundation ot this Dodrine was in the City of Gewr<j , fcitu- ate upon the Lake Antiently called Lacm Lemanus , upon the confines of Savny-t which having rejedVed the Government of tht Duke and Bifliop, to whom formerly it paid obedience under the name of lerra Fr<?«c<?, under pretext of liberty of confcience , reduced it felf into the form of a Common- wealth. From thence books coining out daily in print, and men furnilhed with Wit and eloquence inlinua- ting themfclves into the Neighbour Provinces, who fecretly fowed the feeds of this new Dodrine, in progrefs of time, all the Cities and Pro- vinces of the Kingdom of France were filled with it , though fo covertly,that there appeared openly only fome few marks and conje- durcsofit.

This began in the time of King Francis the dxd, who though fomc- times he made fevererefolurionsagainll: the preachers and profelTours of this Dodlrine, yet notwithllanding being contiBually bulled in For- reign Wars took little notice thereof.

C c iPeter

194 X'^t cccleftallical ^iftotv cent. 1 6.

Teter Viret was an eloquent French Divine , whom Calvin defired for his Colleague. His French Books are mentioned by Antoine dtt Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

WiViam Farel was alfo a learned Divine of Geneva. He hath writ- ten Ve Vray Vjage de la Croix^ and other Books.

UponC«/w«, Farel^ and Tim, there is this Epigram of Beza.

Gallica mirata *(? Calvinum Ecclefia nu^er,

^{0 nemo docuit doVnks. Eji quoque te napcr mirata, F arelle^tonantem^

^uo nemo tenuit fortihs. Et miratur adhuc fundentem mel'a Viretttm,

§^0 nemo fatur dulciks. Scilicet aut tribm his fervabere teftibm olim^ Aut iHteribii Gallia.

Stephen Vafqnier a French Writer and a Papift, dotli much extol Ca/» vin's piety, wit, and learning. Kecherch. de la France, li. 8. ca. 5^5.

John Clerk^ was apprehended at Melden'm France.^ Anno 1523. for fetting up upon the Church-door a certain Eillagainft the Pope's par- dons lately fent thither from Home:, in which Bill he named the Pope tobe Antichrift, For which he was three feveral days whipped , and afterwards had a mark imprinted in his Forehead, as anote of infamy. His mother being a good Chriftian- woman f though her Husband was an Adverfary) when fhe beheld her Son thus grievoufly fcourged, and ignominioufly deformed in the face , did boldly encourage her Son, crying with a loud Voice, BleJJed be Chriji^ and rcelcome be thefe p-ints and markj.

After this execution and puni(hment fuftained, the faid John de- parted that Town, and went to Kofie in Br/>,and from thence to Metz, where he was taken for calling down Images : and there his hand was Jirftcutoif from his right Arm: then his Nofe with fharp pincers was violently pulled fromhis Face ; after that both his Arms and his paps were likewife pluckt and drawn with the fame Inflrument. He qui- etly endured thefe Torments, in a manner finging the Verfes of the 115 Pfalm, 'Their Idols be Silver and Gold, the xporj^ only of Man's- hand: The reft of his body was committed to the fire, and therewith confumed.

Anno 1525. DoAor John Caflellan, after he was called to the know- ledge of God, he became a true preacher of his word in France at Bar- leduc, alfo at Vittery in Fartoife, at Chalon in Champagne , and in the Town of Vike, which is the Epifcopal Seat of the Bifhop of Metz in Lovrain. After he had laid fome foundation of the Dodrine of the Gofpel in Mffz, in returning from thence he was taken prifoner b,y

the

Cent. i6. Of FRANCE. 195

the Cardinal of horrairCs fervants, and carried to the Caftle of Noin^ menie : fronn thence he was carried to the Town and Cz&Xt of Vike, always conftantly perfevering in the fame Dodrinc. He was degra- ded by the Bl(hop of Nkopolif^ and condemned to be burnt quick : which Death he fuffered, January 12. 1525. with that conftancy , that not only many ignorant people were thereby drawn to the knowledge of the truth, but alfo multitudes which had tailed thereof in fome meafure already were greatly confirmed by his conftancy in his Death.

Then Wolfgangus Schuch^ coming to a certain Town in Lorrain^ called St. Hipf/olituf, and being received in the Town for their Pallor, laboured by all means to root out of the hearts of the people Idola- try and fuperftition. Hereupon Duke Anthony Prince of Lorrain, threatens the Town of St. Hippolitus. TVolfgangtu humbly wrote to the Duke in defence both of his Dodrineand Miniftry , and of the wholecaufeof the Gofpel ; and having confuted the Fryars in dif- •putation, he was condemned to be burnt. Shortly after his death, the Commendator of St. Anthony of Vienna , who fate as fpiritual Judge over him, and gave fentence of his condemnation, fell down luddenly and dyed. Inlikemanner his Fellow , which was Abbot of C/iir/7o(;ad-,fuddenly at the coming of the Dutchefs of Venmarkjnto the City of Isr^^Kcy, being ftricken withfudden fear at the noife of Guns, fell down and dyed.

In the beginning of theyear, 1525. was the Battle of Favia, where Francis I. the French King was taken Prifoner, and carried to Madrid in Spain, but after many Months confinement he is ealarged, and return- eth into France.

The Pope underftanding the King was fet at Liberty , fent to con- gratulate with him, and to make a confederation againft the £mpe- "tidau,''' lotnf. The which being ratified in Cwgt/ac, M(iy 22. 1526. between Him, that King, and the Princes of Italy ^ under the name of the moll Holy League, the Pope abfolveth the French King from the Oath taken in Spain Jot the obfervation of the things agreed upon.

Norp foUoiPeth a Table of French Martyrs.

Few, Aa and Monuni.

t.

I Ames Pavane, Schoolmafter at Faris, Anno 1524. being firft takenbythcBifliopof Me^«x, was compelled by Dr. Martial to recant. Afterwards returning again to his confeflion, he was burnt at Faris, Anno 1525.

2. VioHyfiur de Kieuxit Meld^, or Meant: , was burned at Melda,

Cc 2 for

196 %i^t eccieftatttcai i^tdo?? cent, i^.

for faying that the Mafs is a plain denyal of the Death and Paffion of Chrift, /f«;M 1528. He had often in Iiis mouth thefe words of Chrift. He that denyfth me before Men, bim mil I alfo deny before my Father,

3. Joamtej de C^^arco, Batchellourof the Civil Law, for- making an exhortation to his Countrcy-men of Limofin^ was accufed , taken, degraded, and burnt.

4. JohnBurgcs Merchant, the receiver of Nantes^ Barthahmerp My- /f« a lame Cripple, Hf«ry Poille oi Couberon^Catellaz School-Miftrefs, Stephen de /« Fo^gf Merchant, were condemned and burned in Parlf, ^««JI535. Hoiry oi Couberon had his Tongue bored through, and with an Iron wire tyed faft to one of his cheeks , and fo was burned- with the other, as is aforefaid.

5. Alexander Camis a prieft for the confelGon of the true Religion, was alfo burnt at ?aris^ Anno i 533.

6. John Foinier^ a Chyrurgeon, becaufe he would not do homage to a certain Idol at the commandment of a Fryar that came to con- fefs him , his Tongue was cut off, and then he. was burned at Tarh.

7. ?eter Gnudet^ a Knight fometime of Khod'es, after long torments was burnt for the defence of the Gofpel, ^««(7 1533?

8. ^oiyaiiW was burnt for the Teltimony of Chrift's Gofpel at. Bizanfon in Burgundy, Anno 1534-

p. Nicholas Scrivener, Johnde Poi^, Stephen. Burlet, were burnt on the fame account in the City of Arras, Anno 1 534.

10. Mary Becandella was burnt at Fountains, for finding fault with the Dodrine of a Grey Fryar, in the City of Kochel , Amo

^534-

1 I,. J^hnCornoti, an Husband- man of Mafcon, one of fuch wifdom,

that, he confounded his Judges, was condemned by them , and burnt,

12. Martin Gonin'mVaulphine^htmgtzktTiioxz Spie in the Bor- dersof F)-.i«cf towards i\\tAlpes,wzs committed to prifon. In his going out , his Gaoler efpyed about him Letters of FareVus and y.iret, wherefore being examined of the King's procurator , and the Inquifitor touching his Faith, after he had rendred a fufficient reafop. thereof , he was caft into the River and drowned.

13. ClaHdiHiPainter,zGoWvc\\ihztParU,^oiv\^ about to convert his Kinsfolks, was by the Parliament of P<jm condemned to have his Tongue to be cut out, and then to be burned. Anno 1 540.

14, Stephen Brune^zn Husbandman itKutiers, was condemned to be

burnt at P/^/wi/o/jWhere the wind arofe,and blew the fire fo from him,

Annoij4o. gj j^g ^g^j^j exboiting the people, that he there continued an.hour in a

manner .

CenM6. Of FRANCE. 197

tnanner unharmed i fo that all the Wood being confumed, they re- newed the fire vvith other Faggots, and VefTels of Oyl, and yet coulA he not with all this be burned, but rtood fate. Then the Hangman with his pike thruft him through the belly and the guts, and fo threw hira^ down into the fire, and burnt his body to Afhes, throwing away his Aihes afterwards into the Wind.

3 5. CoHjlaHtine^ a Citizen of Rhoan, with four others ^ were con-^ demned to be burnt, and put in a Dung-cart, who rejoyced that they, were reputed as excrements of this world : but yet their death was a- fweet odour unto God, ^««3 i542'

1(5. John dtt Beck^ Prieft, for the Dodrihe of the Gofpel was degra^ ded and burnt at Troyes in Champagne^ Anno 1 543.

17. Almond de Lavoy , a preacher of the Gofpel in Aftjou, after, nine months imprifonment at Bourdeaux^ being put to cruel tor- ments, he was firft ftra,ngled,,whofe. body was afterwards confumed with lire.

18. Francis Bribard, Secretary to Cardinal B^/.'«?)i , was alfo burnt for the defence ®f the Gofpel, his Tongue being firft cut out,. Anno 1544.

ip. f^/Wi/m H«jffo« an Apothecary, for fcattering Books concerning,- ChrilHan Do<9:rine, and the abufe of humane Traditions , had his Tongue cutout, and was afterwards burnt at R/'i)://!, Velandaa. Car- melite Fryar, one of his perfecutors, was afterwards converted j^and preached the Gofpel, /4««o 1544. '.t;v>

20. James Co^W, a School-mafler in the City of St. Michael in Lorrain, was burnt for the Truth, Anno i 544.

21. Feter Clerks Brother to John ClerJ^ aforementioned, and 14. more who dwelt at Melda, were burnt. Anno 1 546.

22. Feter Chapot was ftrangled and burnt at Faris, Saintinia Nivet, and Stephen Folliot were alfo burned at Faris ^ Anno 1 54^,

23. John Englijh, was burnt at Sens in Burgundy, hdng condemned by the high Court of Faris, Anno 1547.

24. Michael Michel'ot, was burnt at Warden by lourney , Anna

1547- , , .,

2 5, Leonard de Frato, going. from Viion to Bar in Burgundy with two

falfe Brethren, and talking about Religion with them, was bewrayed of

them, and afterwards was burnt, Anno 1 547.

25. John 7'affington, Joan his Wife; Simon Marefchal^Joan his Wife: William Michaut, James Boulerau, James Bretany, Thefefeven being of the City of Langres,{Qt the word of Chrid were committed to. the fire, who dyed comfortably, ./4/wo 1547. • .'>-•■

27. Michael Marefchal, John Camus^ Great Jvhn Camm^Jifhtt S^rar, />]?'/» were burnt the fame year in Piiri/.

28. 0{iavia>ii

19$ %^t €tt\tlmmta\ m^OtV Cent. 1 6.

28. Odavian B/K?;if/^ a Merchant of precious Stones at Varis , was alfo burnt for his profeliion. Anno 1 548.

2p. Hubert Barrf^ a young Man a Taylor of nineteen years was burned for the Gofpel at jyiion.

30. Florent Veitote, aPrieft at Paris, after four years and nine bouxs imprifonment, having endured many torments, at laft when there was a great Show in Paris at the King's coming into the City, and divers other Martyrs in fundry places of the City were put to death , he ha- ving his Tongue cut out, was brouglit to fee the execution of them all ■> and laft of all was burnt in the place of Manlbert , Amto

31. Ahh Aiibert, a Widow at Orleans, ^«/Z(j 154^. going to Gf«e- va^ was taken and brought to Paris^ and by the Council there judged to be burnt at Or/fj^/.

32. A poor Taylor at Farii, dwelling in St. Anthonie^s ftreet , who boldly defended the Gofpel before the King and his Nobles : he was burnt in the prefence of the King, his ftrength and courage in fuffe- ling did greatly aftonifli the King and others. Anno 1 54p.

33. Claudius Thierry was apprehended coming from Geneva , and was burned at Orleans, Anno 1 54p.

34. Leonard Galimard was burnt at Paris the fame year. -■'55. MacaiHs MorcoK wzshurnt in 'Troyes, Annoi-^^p.

3d. John Godeait, and Gabriel Berandinus were burnt at Cham- heriace,

. 37. Ihomas Sanpaulinus, after cruel wracking was burnt in Paris, Anno i55r.

38. Matirice Secenate ■wzshuxTitin Provence, Anno I'^'^i, Joannes de pHteo, fir-named Medicus^ was alfo burnt at Vzez in Provence the fame year.

3pi. Claudius Monerius was burnt at Lyons, he was meek and learn- ed : fome of his Judges wept at his death, while he was in prifon he wrote certain LeKers, but one efpecially very comfortable to all the faithful. He alfo wrote the queftrons and interrogatories of the official with his anfwers likewife to the fame , which being fumma- lily contrafted, you may read in Mr. Fox. A61. and Monument. Vol. 2.

40. B-enate Poyet, Son of IVilliam Poyet, which was Chancellour of France, for the fincere profeliion of the Gofpel, was burnt at the City •of Sattlmure, Anno 1552.

41. John Joyer , and a young Man his Servant , were burnt at 'Iholoufe.

42. Hugh Gravier zSc\\oiA-msi,^tr , and after Minifter of Cortillon^ was burnt at Burge in Brejfe , a days Journey from Lyons. Martial Alba, Peter Scriba^Bernard Segtiine ^ Charles Faber\,.Peter Navihere,

rive

Cent. i6. Of F R A N C E. 199

five Students of the Univerfity of Laufama were burnt at Lyons^ Anm 1553. ^^'^'' 'Bergerius^ (hortly after fuffered the fame Martyrdom, at Lyons. Stephen Peloqahie, and Vyonififis Feloquiiie Brethren fuffe- red at Ville Franche about Lyoni in the fame year.

43 . Lerees Marfacus, Michael Gerard^ Stephen Cranot, fuffered alfo zt Lyons ^ Anno I'y'j-^. MiJ'/Zj^n? P/woKf? Merchant fuffered there alfo. Ar his burning he fpake much to the people, and was heard with great attention.

44. WiUlam Neele an Auftin Fryar , futfered at Eureux in France.. Simon Lake at Viion. The Executioner called Jufttts Silvefler, feeing the faith and conlhncyof L<*/of, was converted: and he with all his- Family removed to the Church of Geneva.

45. 7V/c/jo/(ij- ZVi^j/e, a Shoo» maker was burnt at Taris ^ and Feter Serre jLPrieff, was burnt at IholoHfe^Anno i 553.

4<5. Stephen King^^ and Feter Venecheus wcrt burnt at Chartresf Anno 1553.

47. Antonius Magnus was burnt at Faris,Anno i 554.

48. JFilliam Alencon^ a Bookfeller, and a certain Clothworker were barnt 3it Montpelliers, Ahho 1554.

4CJ. FarisFanier, a godly Lawyer for conflant profeifion of the. Gofpel was beheaded at Vola^ Anno 1 554.

50. Pf^fr^rtFi?//, Shoo-makcr,aft£r grievous wrackings was burnt at Nifmes^ Anno 1554.

51. JnhnFilieul, Carpenter: Jnlian le ville Point- maker, were.- burnt at Sanferre, Anno 1 554.

52. P)'o«j//«/ F^jre, leaving his Popifh Priefthood went to Geneva^, where he learnt the Art of Book binding, and many times brought' Books into France. Afterwards in the Reign of Fdrrard VI. King of England^ he preached the word in Jirfey : but after his death , think- ing to return again to Gfwi':/, he came with his Books into Norman' dy unto a Town called Fueille ^ where he was taken with his Books , and after the fuffering moft cruel torments was burnt at Khoan.

53. Ibomas Calbergn at'Tourney was burnt, Anno 1 554.

54. Ric/'jr^ Fe»wx a Gold fmith, born at R/^Oii«, after he had been in London^ where he firfl taftcd of the Gofpel , he went to Geneva^ where he remained nine or ten years. From thence returning to Lyons^ he was apprehended, and condemned. Then he appealed to the High Court at Paris : where in the way as he was led to Faris^ he was met by certain whom he knew not, and by them taken from his Keepers, and fo fet at liberty. Anno 1551.

After that continuing at Genera for th€ fpace of three years, he came into. I><»*/ffe;«e, and there as he found fault with the Grace fald in L(»f/«, he was <3€te<ited , and apprehended,. The. next

day>

^- ■»*sc<-retJr^ft?»T.;,^^v

^oo X^eerciertMicai!^t(!o?y Cent. x6>

day hewasfenttotheJurtice,from him totheBi(hop: who ridding their hands of him, he was brought to the Lieutenant, who fent his

Advocate with a Notary to him in Prifon to examine him of his Faith,- for which I (hall refer the Reader to Mr. Fox. AU. and, McHHm. VoL z, •p. 14(5.147, 148. He was fent back to the Bi(hop's prifon, and from thence (hcrtly after to Lyonr, where he had his Tongue cut out, and 'then was burnt.

55. Ntcholaj d:tCbef»e^ fuffered at Ory near BiziHcon^ Anna 1 554.

55. JoknBertrand^Y^tc^txoi tlie Forrert of M<«re/;e«o7>, was burnt at E/07/, Amw 155(3.

• 57. Fe/dT Ko?/^M«, after three wrackings, had his Tongue cut out, and a ball of Iron put in his mouth. He %vas drawn upon an Hurdle all broken to the fire, where he was lifted up into the Air , and Jet down thrice. And wheti he was half burnt, the ball fell from his mouth and he witlj a loud voice, called on the name of God, faying, Jeftfs Chrijl ajjij} me : fo he dyed.

^S, Arnold Moniere, znd Joh>ide Cazes , v/£re hmntzt Bourdeaux^ 'JinnQ 1556,

•yp. Vhilip Cone ^ James h'xsitWo'tV, Arch smbant Seraphen ^ Mr. Ni<- tholas du KoifJJ'ean were burnt at I}iion^ Anno 1 557.

60. Thilip Hamlin {affcxcd at Bourdeaux.

■6 J. Nicholas Sartoritts^ at Oeii near Viedmoat^ Anno 1 557.

62. George Cardiff ^ with one of 'lours a Broiderer, Nicl^olas a Shoo- tnaker at Jenvile^ fuffered at 'tours.

I iTiuft now return back to the Reign of King Francis I.

The Lutherans having prefented a confellicn of their Faith, the gia. Concii. Princes of Cfnwi?«y being affembled before the Emperour in a Hall (Amo i^^o) capable to receive 200 perlons, It was read with a loud voice. And the Cities which followed the Doftrine of ZuingUus^ prefented apart the confeffion of their Faith , not differing from the former but only in the point of the Eucharifl. The confellion of the Princes was afterwards from this place called, the Augujian CoKfiJJioH. The Pope's Legate would not cenfure the confeffion, but gave order that a confutation thereof (hould be read , ahd no Copy given.

The Pope was difpleafed with the Emperour, for meddling in Reli- gion, but efpecially for promifing a Council.

He writes to all Princes, that he would call a Council , though he never meant it : and his collufion isdifcovered by many. The Vrotefi- rf«/j-]ikevvife do write to all Princes, praying them not to believe the calumnies raifed againft them, and to fufpend their Judgements , until thofe that are accufed have place to acquit themfelves publickly. And therefore they will defire the Emperour, that he will call a godly , and

free

Trident. U.I.

Cent,i6. Of FRANCE. aoi

free Council in (j*r«j3«y, asfoon as might bcj and not ufe fotce until the matter be difputed, and lawfully denyed.

The FwKc& King anfwered with very courteous Letters, in fub- ftance giving them thanks for communicating unto him a bufinefs of fo great weight.

He (liewed them that he was glad tounderftand of their innocen- cy, and did approve the inftance they made, that the vices might be a- mended, wherein they (hall find his will to concur with theirs ; that their requiring a Council was juft and holy, yea neceflary , not only for the affairs of Germany , but of the whole Church , that it was not neceffary to ufe Arms, where the controverfies may be ended with Treaties.

The Emperour promifeth the calling of a Council within fix months. The Pope refolveth to make an Alliance with France to be able to withftand the Emperour.

After the Affembly of the FroteflaMtszt Smakald, the French King Treateth with the Landgrave of Hi»/7?<», at the Pope's requeft about the Council. The Pope is difpleafed for the propofal of Geneva, for the place of the Council. Anno 1534. Pope Clement VlL dyeth, and Cardinal F<irw/> is created Pope, and named Faul IIL He maketh a (hew that he defireth a Council ; he perfwadeth the Cardinals tore- form themfelves.

The cuftom is, that in the firft days the Cardinals obtain favours eafily of the new pope. Therefore the Cardinal of Lorrain, and 0- ther French^ in the name of the King, defired him to grant to the Duke of Lorr^/« the nomination of the Bifhopricks, and Abbacies of his Dominion. The Pope's Anfwer was, that in the Council which (hould be called fhortly, it was neceffary to take away jhe faculty of nomination from thofe Princes that already had it : which was fome blcmith to the Popes his predeceffours , who had granted them.

A Bull is made for the convocation of the Council at Mantua, May 27. 1 537. The Pope prayeth the French King, and all other Kings and Prhices to be there in pcrfon.

The Froteftants approve not the Bull of convocation.

The Duke of Mantua makes a Grant of his City , and afterwards recalleth it. The King of England oppofeth the Council by a pub- lick manifeA.

Then the Pope fent out a Bull for the convocation of the Council at Vicenza, The Legates went to Vicenza at the time appointed > and the Pope to Nizza in Provence at the fame time , to fpeak perfonally with the Emperour and the French King, which he gave out was only to make peace between thofe great Princes, though his principal end ^vas to draw the Dukedom of Milan, to his own houfe, Amo 1538.

Dd The

203 5tDe eccleftsftfcal ^itttiv cent. 1 6:

The Council intimated is fufpended during pleaf&re. The Emperou* gave order for a Dyettobeheld in Germany, whete Ferdinand thought good, inviting the Froteftant Princes to be there in perfon, and promifing publick lecurity unto all. Cardinal Farnefe hearing of this concliaiion made without his knowledge, went imme- diately away: and paffing by P«m, obtained of the French King a fevere Edid againll the Lutherans : which being publiQied was ex- ecuted in that City, and after through all France with much rigour. King Francis com.manded that all flnould be appeached who had Books ditfering from the Church of Kome, that made fecret Conven- ticles i that tranfgreffed the commandments of the Church j and e- fpecially that obferved not the Doftrine of Meats •, or prayed in any Tongue but the Latin \ and commanded the Sorbonnijls to be diligent ' iSpies againftthem. Afterwards underftanding the Emperour's cun- ning, who afiayed to incite the Pope againft him, he caufed the Lu- therans to be really proceeded againft , and commanded that a form to difcover and accufe them [hould be inftituted in Faris, propofing punifhments to the concealers of thetp , and rewards to the Delators.

This vvas done, ^««i9 1 542.

The Emperour gave divers orders to the Prelates of Spain^ and' the Lnw-Csuntries--, and commanded thatthe Divines of Lovain (hould ' aflemble together, to confider of th'e Dodrines which were to be pro- pofed •, which they reduced to XXlI. heads, without confirming thehi by any place of Scripture, but explicating.Magifterially the conclu(;on • T'nly, - . -

The French King alfo Aflembled at Melun, the Parifian'Divmee , to- confuitof the neceffary pofitions of "the ChriRiahFaithj to be propo- fcd in the Council, where there was much cbhtention. For'.fome de«> fired to propofe the confirmation of whatfoever was confiitiited in CjJ»„-, fiance and Bafil^ and the re-!eftabli[hment of the Fragmqtick^ SaitBion " And others doubting, that the King would be offended Id); j3es*^ ftroying the Concordat^ made between him ^ and tea ( wBi^h- would neceffarily follow ^ gave counfel not to fqt.that difputation" on foot. ■■"•^ . ^ ' - ;'-, • .''.•: ' • -'uT

And afterwards,' Becauft there ^vaVdiVefs opinions in that ,5<;noQV, concerningthe Sa'craments;;vintc- Which fome gave' efFed'ive Mli^'ilIeTr lialvertue, and oth.-rs not, every one dcfiring that his opinion {hould he an Article rf Faith,-nbthing could be concluded , but that they (hould keep themfelves within cdrnpafs of the XXV. beads publi- fhed tv/o years before. ■ '''.,■■'' . • "^ ."■ ,.

The Councilis appointed to be in Trw/, arid' thither' the tiega^es. are fent. While they meet in' Irent to convince Herefies by a Couor cir, in France t.h.t'j did the fame by force of Arms, agaiiift a fmall

Cent.'i^. Of FRANCE; 203

remainder of the Waldenfes, Inhabitants of -the ^/p^x of Vrovence^iNho ((«is hath hath been faid before) maintained a feparation from the 'See of Kome, with divers Rites and Doftrine.

Thefe Men after tfce Reformation of Zuinglim , enlarged their Dodrine by his, and reduced their Rites unfo fume form at the fame time when Geneva embraced the Pvcformation.

Sentence was pronounced againft thefe many years before by the. Parliament of Ai>:, which had never been executed. The King now commanded to execute the Sentence.

The Prelident muttered together as many Souldiers as he could in the places bordering upon them, and in the Pope's State of Jij^m-rf, and went with an Army againft thefe poor Creatures, who had "nei- ther Weapon nor thought, otherwife than by flight to defend tjiem- felves, thofe that could. They went not about to teach them , or by threats to make them leave their Rites and opinions ■•, but firft of all ■ filling all the Countrey with Rapes, flew as many as ftood to their mercy, becaufe they could not fly , without fparing young or old. They rather raied the Countries of Cabriers in Provence^ and of Me- rindol in the County of Viinoiftn belonging to the Pope, and all other, places in thofc Precinds. More than 4000. perfons were llain. They that fled to the Woods and Mountains, partly were famifned , partly otherwife flain, partly fent to the Galleys: twenty five perfons that fled ipto a Cave near the Town of M^/jfy were fmothered to death with fmeak.

Certain of theH?/feti^«/fued unto the Fj-^«c^ King to favour the Waldenfes^ but no entreaty would ferve. But the bloody Tyrant Mi«mw the Governour of Prawfwe, efcaped not the juft Judgement of God '. for God fmote him with a terrible Difeafe, and he felt as it were a fire burning him from the Navel upward, and the lower parts were rotten and confumed away with Verminc,with an extream ftink, and profufion. of Blood in place of his Urine, and fo with great- tor- • nients he ended his wretched Life.

l.exvesdeVaine^ Brother-in-law to the faid A///7fri».f, the Prcfident, and alfo the Brother, and the Son-in-law to Teter Vmant ^ Mafter Butcher of the Town of Aix^ thefe three did flay one another upon a certainflrife that fell between them. And upon the fame day the Jiidge of Aix , wlio accompanied Minerius in the fame perfccu- tion, as he returned homewards going over the River of Durance was drowned.

By an Ordinance of this King Francis I. dated January 1 5. i <^^6. ^

the Vifitation of the Hofpitals and other charitable places, is commit- ted to the Judges Royal, Ordinaries of the place where fuch Hofpi- deTordonnnZc's talsarefcituate. AllGovermun and Admini\lrators of Enfptals^or e- fj't p^r fo-iu- ther charitable Yoitndatmif,fl}all he compelled hy our Judges of the fla- T^'dcimAnd'^

Dd 3 <.fj Uef.it.ca. 4

204 5CBe Ccclefiaftical ^iHoit eent, i^.

^■t '.■■.-■ • — .

■ cei next adjoymng to give up their accounts of the Rffvennes and Admini'

firation of the faidHoJpitals, by what 'title foever they hold them •■, tsge^

ther with the Charters and 'titles of their FoKndatioM, if they have any^

- veithin trvo months after the puhlication ofthefe prefems. Whom we

Command^ and exprejly enjoyn^ everyone rvfpedively within his Precinds

and JttrifdiBion, that immediately after tlje publication of thefe pre-

Otontius Fineus fents^ they vifit the faid Hofpitals and charjtahle foundations, to enquire

'was P'°f?^^°'^ °^ of. the Kevenue, Ejiate^ and reparation of the places , and the number of

ticks at Paris at beds, and poor people whom they (hall find there.

this time. There were four Stevens, French- men., Henry the Father , and Robert

hb Son, Henry, Robert's Son i and ?<«»/ the Son of that Henry, alt" learned Men, and Printers.

Robert Stevens, not only Printed, but made many excellent works himfelf. His T'hefaurus Lingu£ Latin£ is incomparable. Anioine </a> ■<^fnet Biblic- Verdier in his Bibliotheque commends him and this Work. Didiona- rium feu Latin£ Lingua thefdurus, non fmgulas modo ViUiones conti- fiens, fed integras quoque Latine & loquendi &^fcribendi formuUw ., ex- optimU quibufque Latin£ Lingua Scriptorihm. Qpiu exeufum parifiis a- pud Authorem, divifum in'tomos tres. Anno 1542.

He publiHied an Edition of the Latin Bible, wherein he had con-- fcrred the copies that were in ufe at that time with- fomc old Manu-- fcripts, and according to them he amended fomeerrours. The Univer- ilty-took this ill, that he had attempted to change the Tranflation. He defended himfelf that he bad changed nothing , but had Printed ac-- cording to old Copies which he had by him. Hisanfwerwas tolera- ble in the Judgement of reafonable men.

Neverthelefs, they purfue him before the Court- oiTaris , and do '■ t f fn ), petition that he may be burnt. But their petition was burnt. Then- steph.ad cenfu- hc pnntcth the Bible, retaining the corrupt Tranflation : and m the- P rifTp'r.'^cg.'^' ^^''S'" ^^ addeth the words of the Manufcripts with Noted, ■ fliewing -the. Copies whence he had thefe words. Thefe do accufe him betore King Fr<j«cij and his Council, but wsre put to (hame and-' fiience. .

Then he P-rinted the ten Commandemenfs in great tetters, and' in fuch a form, that they might be fixed upon Walls of Houfes for- cammon ufe-: and fo did he with a fum of the Bible. This did {jro~ - voke them yet more , efpecially becaufe he had Printed the fecond^ Caramandement, thou (halt not mak^ unto thy felf any- graven tmage^- &c. And they accufe him. But the King gave bim a Warrant to re-- . pii^jt, both the Ten Commandements, and the fum of the Bible , both

in-Latimxi^ French: They fummoned him to appear before them,' f2-^'ing, that his work was worfe than the T-eaching of Luther j Fif- teen perCons did. approve him,and added their feals unto his attefta- tioni*, Sp the jnoftpf. them feeing the King's Warrantj and that at- v.ir. . ^ ~ - -^ . tefta

€ent.i6; Of FRANCE. lof

' . ' ■

tcftation, wereafliamed, and their Deputies did affoil him. K. Ste- vens did firft diftinguifh the Verfes of the Bible with Arithmetical

figures.

Henry Stevens^ his 'thefauri Lingtf£ Gr£C£^ and his other works, fliefv his great abilities. Sc£vola Samarthatius in his fecorid Book of Epi- grams, hath thefe Verfes. J« Cellii NoSles Ankas ad H. Siephamm;

§nis Stephanum ejfe neget Vhxbi de femine cretuin ? ObfcurJi ifdfert noiiibus iHe diem.

Henry Stevens^ 'Robertas Son," made alfo the Greek Concordance.' BfJ^'s Works were Printed in three Tomes at Taris^Anno 1545.

At this time flouri(hed Francis Vatabltts, Kegius Frefejfor of the He- breve Tongue in faris. King Francis ordered him to expound the old Teftament out of the Original, and his Hearers did write his ex- pofition and his Annotations; The King's Printer dealeth with the Hearers, and receives from them a new Tranflatien, which he printeth' with the old Trafiflation,and with the Annotations. This work be- ing perfeded in the year, 1 545. he flieweth it unto fome of the U'-" niverfify, entreating them to (hew him , if any part thereof had not been rightly obferved by the Hearers, to the end if there be any thing amifs, he may amend it. They do approve the work, and aflurehim that no evil could proceed from the Ledurcs of Va'tablus. But the Books being fold, fomeobferved, that the Tranflation and the Anno- tations were contrary unto the prefent Dodrine of the llniverfity,and ; therefore the Books (hould not be fold feeing they were Printed with- out the knowledge of the Faculty.

The Printer goeth unto the Court, and flieweth Pe^fr Caflellan Bi- fliop of Mafcon, that the Vlniverfity was offended, and intend to hinder ■ thefellingof his Books. He feeing the Bifliop doubtful what advice to give, faith, if the. Divines will give him their cenfure, he is willing , to Print it with the Bible, and he will neither be aihamed , nor take in ill part, to advertife the Reader of whatfoever errour is in' the Book,

Yhis overture did pleafe the Bifliop , and he relates all unto the King, who willeth the Bifliop to write in his name unto the Univerfity, that they fliallrevife the Tranflation and the Annotations, and note what doth not pleafe them, and fubjoyn unto every fault a reafon of their Judgement i and deliver their cenfure to be printed either apart, , or with the Bible.

C<j/?eUj« writes fo unto them, and they promifeto obey. Biit they were often required to deliver their cenfure : They evade it i and fend r untotheDivinesofJLei'tfJ/i, entreating them to reckon that Tranfla- tion

>

r ^'•^'-, . '.

tipn among the .Heretical and forbidden Books.

'tKc King was informed of their (liifts, and of that Letter ; Where- fore He ordereth the Bin-.op to require ihem again. After divers exhor- tations to this purpofe, they fend fifteen places which they had marked.' The Biftop conferreth v^ith their Deputy Gagnems upon ■ thcfe Inftanccs ,' and writes a i^ge Letter unto them commending the Annotatiorns,'and fliewing what courfe they fhouldobferve in their cenfure. ■ -

They were the more enraged .at that comtnendation , and would not go on in their cenfure, but would have the Bock to Be condemaed which they had declared Heretical. Then the King fent hiS Letters Patent^ and fealed, charging them to f^cceed in rheir cenfure , and to deliver' it unto his Printer. Theydo ftiil refufe, and at that iime King Francis dyeth, viz. on March 3 i. Amo 1-547.

His Son King^e;«;>' IL who fucceeded him, fendeth the like charge unto them on Jugtiji 16. 1 547, They return Anfwer , rhar they fhsll perfed their cenfure before November i. But then in place of the cen- fure they fend a ttpplication, craving that the Books may be forbid- den, becaufe^ is a Sacramenpria^yand had written- that mens Souls are mortal. :'■ ;,- "' -;

'The Piintei^is informed of it, and addreffeth himfelf to anfwer be- fore King and Council. Then they return unto Parif, But' he (hews how falfe their calumnies were.

At that time they ferit unto the King forty fix Articles which

they had colkdred. It was told unto their Deputies that they had

■ fpoken of feme thoufands of Errours, and were thefeall turned to

forty lix? They anfwered, the Univerfity had more, but had not as

yet put them in form.

; The Printer returns to Taris^ chiding fome of the Divines for ac- cufing him fallly, _ ^ ,

The Printer craves^of the King protedion from the malice of his Enemies. The King grants it under his Seal. This ftorm being o- ver, he gathereth fifteen old Manufcripts of the ne3V Teflament in Greek^^ and printeth it wixh the divers ledions on the Margin , and gives the firft copy unto Cajiellan.

■The Popeiends into France Jerome Boccaferrius a Koman^ Cardinal of St.iGeoVgf,-in (hew to condok;with the King for the death of his Fa- ther, arjfl.io give him joy of the beginning of his Kingdom, but with commimou to make confederation with him. The Pope gave the Legate moft ample power to grant the King all his demands in matter of Benefices, without regarding the Decrees of the Udenme Coun- cil, : .a ftrong AlK^nce is m^^e between the Pope and the txench King, .and two Cardinals are qrpatcd at the King's in(tance, vis. -Charles of Gk/7? Arch-Bi(i)op of BJ^emfs ^ and Charles of Vaudefme ^ of the Blocd-Royal. ,■-•'-' • - - xhe

Ceht. id. . M F R AN C E^ 207, ,

Thi Cardinal of Guife, made an open difcOTrfe in puTilick c6nfiu(>j .ry j.-i the name of the Fr^wl; King, fliewing , that King Francis had Hift.Concil. ! rrver fpared any coft or danger ; to maintaia the liberty of oihe'r ^"''"'' ''* '*

Princes. _. ./^ i,r~ -vi'^r v.;-

In conformity whereof H«jr^inotdegene;rating«o'tn tlie^vertue-jcF hi? Anceftors, as foon as he had left to riwurn .for his .Father's .death, was willing to declare his ebfervance towards the See of K owe. : That the merits of the Kings of Fr<2«ce were famous, and exceedeth all thofe of other Nations. But this was above all which the King now doth, promifing all his Forces to preferve the Papal Dignity, now. when it is fo contemned. He prayed the, Pope to receive tb^ King., for his Son, and to promife to himftlf all afiiilance from him , and to. takccare that the Church [hould receive no damage nor (hame, in re- gard that from fmall beginnings great fsftions have rifen, which have brought the Popes into great calamities. He .exemplified, in many Popes ■ afBided , who were defended and raifed by. the .kings of Trance , concluding , that .the prefect .j^ing , wji^' riot yield, to his Anceftors in prefer ving the Dignity .of tlie . j^ppftblickj. See. , ■

- In the year 154^. The F««c&. King making his firft entry into Pm/, caufed a folemn proceilicn to be made, and pubUChed an Edi(ii, wherein he, fignitieth that. he received the prot,£.(ilion of the Cathp-. lick Religion, and oi the See of K«»2f, gnd thp care of the EcclefiaftK calOrder, and thatheabhorr(id)t;h^;Noy,ity; of.Rcligipn._, .and teflified! unto all his will to perfevere m the Dodriiieof.the.Churcli of Kome^ and to ba;iirti the new.Hereticks Cfct-he-callecl- ti\e i.rtit'efiim)'C\itrot all his Dominions. , . ^ ^ _, , u ,;•. j, _ ■ •^,;^v-',;,/ ,■, -ijiVvj; i.-c

^ He c^ufcd;fhisEdi<!^ to IfC^i^i^t^'l inJF^i^ei^cb.^,^ parfs of; his kingdom- ^ Hj?.g4q:!'^iy^a!io, to JMS '^tef^Jes tp. ma^C,

a Prov-iijfial.. Aflembiy to ./eT9iin;^t|.fe^^^(vhWi^l?^?"(jq^;h^^ known at; Rpftreyyyvzs thought to bey^.bad, example ^,and rnighf be a. bcgihningto^makethe Frf»ct Church iti^'ependei^tpfth

of K,?f»f. _,j,,, . .r.,l'j;^.'" V:o'ji':i;: .j'.fi; w; \wyC''':,:.

He caufcd^Hp nn;>cy ij/i'^fr45/ftO| bejpu^tp death. in, .f»^^f>,^him-y felf being prefent at the Speda'cle,:,, and.jfi.'tr^'j^beginningiicf'] th^j next yj2ar-,, l^e renew'cd ihe^dijSr.ag^pft tl,i|C)i),-,Jfyi^n£^grie^p^ pun^v-' ments ,upon,£he judges, who werf ,^ not .<iiligen^,,in ^etedf i^ig and pij-. > ninijr,gtj]ep.,.,„ .„ , _'...^j ;„,,;;,'; j., .j ..,'. ^.L . '.^■\,

PopeP<j?</I^.dyeth,.^««o 154.^. theCj^di9^I$,,>yefq/diy^(|ed |ti.tOj three ta(5|ions ^jjoutt^e choice of, ^ ■'ncxy ,>P9^£,,:Jj^g^V^\y^,| Frenchy. and dvp,tndqns^ . ■n't))^' ieadj Pope, an^|i>y;^on(f qi^fl^e;; , ojj.m ;-Nc- '^.^^ ^^ cardln.-. pj>ews. They .jii]adc^g|cemCinf ;j,iponBtJbemfelv^cs, ^ha,^ pine Cardi;.,part j. u. 2. ra)sfl»ourd be namtd, of each Fa^iipn wrce i ^biiL that 'tl;e noming'ti- onjhould bemadcby twoonly of the Faction' ot frame; and that

after?

ao% XDe CCClefiaftical l^lttO?^ Cent. 16.

afterwards it fliould be l^ful for the Imperialifts to take one of the faid nine at their pleafure , and that the reft (hould be obligd to concur.

Of the French Fadion accordingly were named , the Cardinals oi , Lorrain^'Torfron^ znd Bella:,

Of the Imperial Fadlion "Iheatino^ Monte , and San MarceUo , aad three others of the other Faftion, Sahiati, Kidolfi, and 'frani. The Imperialifts refufed all the nine perfons which were named, which gave great offence to the other two Fadtions , infomuch that it was : propofed by the French tb the Farmfianf, to unite among themfelves, and to choofe a Pope in fpite of the Imperialifts. Bat they could not i^ree in the choice of their perfons, becaufe there were feveral Cardi- nals among the Far;2f/raw, who were much obliged to the Emperour, and much afraid of his diipleafure.

'But after a tedious difcuilTon of the Cardinals for the fpace of three months, during the vacancy of the See, Gio Maria del Monte was crea- ted Pope on February^ Anno 1 550. by the name of JhUus the third. And now the Fadlion of the T^i/'o«i/we was introduced into the con- clave, having over- powred the FatSionsof the Emperour and King , of France^ with no fmall reputation.

The Council having been tranflated toBoloniaj the Emperour ha- ving protefted againftit, the Pope deliberates about the remitting of it to frent. The French King offered to the Pope whatfoever he was able to do for him, promifed to affift the Council, and to fend the Pre- lates of his Kingdom, and all favourand prote(Sion for the mainte- nance of the Papal Authority.

The Book of Francis Vttraneus a learned Lawyer, -entituled Ve Sa- cris Eccleftoe, Minifteriis came forth, Anno 1 551.

' At this time a War was denounced againft King Henry the fecond by thei'opeand the Emperour , and that upon an unjuft quarrel. He gave fome hopes (faith Onufhrius) of compofing the diHerences in '?"i!fi'' *" Religion, when at the requeft of the Emperour, he declared by his Bull in the firft year of his Popedom, that the Council ftiould be continu- ed at 'trent at the beginning of the next May. And prefently after he addeth, he unwittingly put himfelf upon the War of Farma^znd there- by fet all Italy, nay all Europe on fire.

The firft Seffion of the Council on May i. 1 551. and the fecond upon the firff of September were only for Ladies, for there was nothing done. King Henry II. fet forth an Edidt at the fame time, dated the third day of September the fame year, containing a reftraint of tran- fporting Gold and Silver to Kome : where he fets down at large the cccafions of the War of Farma, begun by the Pope. And among o- ther things he faith. Ifhicb holv Father upon a fudden fit ef Choler^ hadcaufed a certain company ffmeft of Jf^ar , both Horfe and Foot to

V he

'Julio J.

Gent. i6. Of FRANCE. io9

be levied and fct forth : and alfo enticed and perfwaded the EmperoHf (roith tvhom n>e ivere in good 'terms of Peace and Amity) to take Arm.', to aid hit forces in the design of the recsvery of Parma. And after he had haraffed and laid waji all things xphatfoever he pleafed in the Conn- E-iia du Roy trey of Parma, he caufedhis faid Forces to march toward the 'territories mea'raVi'rana ef Mirandiala : rvhich hath for a long time^ even during the Life of ow 155^. late mofi Honoured Lord and Father^ been in the Iqiotvn proteUion ef the Crown of France, tvhich he beleagured^ ^fi^g mo(i incredible and inhumane cruelties towards the Inhabitants of the faid'territory i yea fuch ai Bar- barians anf Infidels rcould not have tifed the like : giving the World ta kporv very {iotttly that he meant them to us , who have not deferved any fuch things at his hands ^ or the Hcly See.

There were fix Seffions holden in the time of that War, thofe two forementioned, and four more: in two whereof the moft material points of Faith, of Manners and Church Difcipline , were difcufTed and determined, as thofe of the Sacrament of the Eucharift, Tran- fubftantiation, Per?nce and extreme|Undion ; as alfo about thejurif- di(9:ion of Bithops, where ir.any blows were ftruck at the Liberties of the French Church, and the rights of the Crown.

Another Edid: of King Henry II. was made at the Camp near TVel- //f«,«^g^e/, Mi7y2i, 1552. andPrintedat Paris the fame year. From this time till the beginning of the year, 1^60, the Council of T>v?it did nothing. What time Pope P«« IV. as foon as he got into the Chair, fent forth a Declaration for the continuation of it againfi Eajhr- day the next year.

The French King makes preparation for a National Council , and protefteth againft the Council then alTembled in frent. Jacobus Ami- Hift.concil. oius. Abbot of Bellofana appeared in the nameof the Frf«c^King, with Tride.it. n. 4, Letters of hisMajefty, which heprefented to the Legate, defiring they might be read, and his tredency heard. The Legate receiving them, gave them to the Secretary to be read.

The Superfcription was, SanUifJxmis in Chrijio Patribus Convenths 'tridentini. Much fault was found with the word Convenths. The Bifbopof Mewtzfaid, if they would not receive a Letter from the King of France^ who called them, Sandiffimuf Conventus, how would they hearken to the Protefiants, who called them Conventus Malignanti' Hm ? Then the King's Letfer was opened and read.

The Fr«ic/^ King difmilTcth the Pope's Nuncio: but fearing that by hisdiflention with the Pope, thofe that defired change of Religion would make forae innovation, or that himfelf might come into the bad opinion of his people, as if his mind were averfe from the Ca- tholick Faith, and perhaps to open a way for reconciliation with Kowp, ihemade amofl fevereEdiftagaintt xhcProteSiants, confirming all the other which he had publiftied before , adding greater punifliments,

E e more

-! I o %i)t cccleftaChical ^iftot^ Cent, i &,

more ways to difc over the guilty, and greater rewards to the promo= t€rs. Hereupon many were apprehended, condemned and burnt, as I have (liewed before in the Table of French Martyrs, concluding it at the year 1557.

On the tifth of September, 1557. in Farii, at night about two hun- dred perfons werealTembled in an houfe to celebrate the Communion, which being difcovered by the common people, the houfe was alTault- ed, and feme f.cd, but the women and weaker fort were taken , and feven were burnt, and the greater part of the others refer-^d for the fame puniflimentto be inflicted when the complices were found out.The Suiffes made interceffion for thefe, and the King gave order that the proceeding againfi them. fl-iOuld be moderate,but the Pope is angry with the F)-e;«c/:' King, for ufing any moderation.

B.tt the number of the FMff'?ij«?/, being now increafed in France, tbeir courage increafed alfo. And there being a cufiom am.ong the people of Paris in the Summer Evesings, to go out of the Subburbs of St. German, in great multitudes, to take the Frefco , and to folace the. afelves with divers kinds of fports,thofe of thenew Religion in- ftead of doing, fOj began to fing the Pfalms of David in French Verfes. ABnoijjSo The multitude firft laughed at the Novity; then leaving the fports

jcyr.ed themfelves unto the fingers. And the number of thofe who ca m.efo that place began to increafe more than ufually. The Pope's Nuncio told the King of this Novity, as of a thing pernicious and dangerc. s, becaufe faid he)theMinirieriesof Religion, ufually celebra- ted in the Church in the Latin Tongue by Religious men only , were put into the mouth of the common people in the vulgar Language, which was an invention Cfaid he J of the Lutherans , telling him that if he did not relili the bjginnirgs, all Faris would be Lntheran. The King gave order that tji'e principal Authours ihould be proceeded a- gainft, wherein they went not very far, having found Anthony Sing q£ Z^iJt'.?)- and his Wife in that number. But for hereafter it was forbid upon piin of death.

The King new underftanding that fome of the Parliament were F.'-fff^rf^-.v.r. in a Mercurial (fo they call the Judicature infiituted to ex- amine and corre(5t the anions of the Ccunfellours of Parliament, and Judges of the King) held in Yaris, June 15. 1558. where they were to treat of Re jigicn, after the congregation was aflembled , enrred in perfon. And having commanded them to profecute the things begun,. ClastdeV:. le one of them, fpake much againft the manners of the Court of Koiiie^ and the bad cuftoms grown to be pernicious errours , which have caufcd the new Sects.

Therefore it Was-ncceflary to m.itigate the fevere pucifhrn-ents, until thiC differences of Religion were removed, and the Ecclefiaftical Difci-

fline

Cent. i6. Of FRANCE. 21

pline amended by Authority of a General Council, tlK only re- medy for thefe evils , as the Councils of Conftawf: and Bafil have judged, commanding that one fliould be celebrated every ten years.

His opinion was followed by Ltidovicus Faber.. and fome othersj Amie ^« Bo«rge, did add, that many villanies were committed conden-.nei by the Laws, for punifhment whereof, the rope md f-tc w.'re not fuffi- cient, viz. trequcnt blafphemiesagainft God, perjuries, Adulteries, not only fetret, but even cheriftied with iiipudent licenfe i making himfelf to be plainly underliood, that he fpake not only of the Gran- dees of the Court, but of the King himfelf alfo : adding that while men lived thus diflblutely , divers Torments were prepared againll thofe who were guilty of nothing but of publUTiing to the World the vices of the Church of Kome, and deliring an amendment of them.

In oppofition of all this , Egidius Magijhr, the prime Prefidcnt, ipake againft the new Se6ts, concluding that there was no other renie-' dy,but thatwhich was formerly ufed againft the ^/tjge;//^x, of whom' Fhilip AtigHJiuf put to death fix hundred in one day, and againft the fFaldetifes, who were choaked in the caves , whither they retired to hide themfelves.

All the voices being given, the King faid, he had now heard with his own Ears, that which before was told himi that the contagion of the Kingdom doth hence arife: that there are in the Parliament who do defpife the Pope's Authority, and His : that he well knoweth they are but few, butthecaufe of many evils. Therefore he exhorted thofe who are good Subjefts to continue in doing their duty : and im- mediately gave order that Faber and da BoKrg (hould be imprifo- ned, and afterwards caufed four more to be apprehended in their houfes.

But at the fame time fas if there had been no danger at all) the Minifters of the Reformed ffor fo the Protejianis are called in Fraijce) aflemblcd in Pi2m in the Suburbs of St,Cerma>t, made a Synod, in which Francis Morellm the chief man among them was Prefident, or- daining divers conftitutions i of the manner of holding Councils, of removing the domination in the Church i of the Eledtion and Offices of Minifters i of cenfures-, of Marriages, of Divorces, of de- grees of confanguinity and affinity, that throughout all Francs they mightnot only have an Uniform Faitii , but Difcipline alfo. And their courage did increafe, bccaufe the fame of the fevcrity ufed in France coming into Germany^ the three Elcdlors , and other Irotejhnt Princes, fent Ambafladours to the King to dilfwade him trom that ri- gour againft the profcftburs of their Religion. But the King (though he gave them a courteous Anfwer, yet J remitted notlung cf the .le-

Ee 2 verity,

212 xijeeccieftafticaii^tlio?^ cent. i5.

vsrity , but after the Ambafladours were gone , he deputed four Judges, of the body of the Parliament , in the caufes of the prifo- laers , with the Bifhcp of Faris , and the Inquifitor Aft- ihoHy de Mocares , commanding them to proceed with all exr- p edit ion.

Nicholjf Clinet^ one of the Elders of the Church at Varis^ and 'tauriii Cravelle^ a Lawyer, and Advocate in the Court of Taris^ and elder of the fame Church, were both burnt at PiinV,

Bartholomerv HeUor was burnt at Ihurin. ]s\\&x\k?hiUppa de Lunt^ was rtrangled at Taris^ Anno 1558. after Qie had a little felt the Flame with her Feet and Vifage.

Of the fame company was alfo Nicholas Cene a PhyGcian , CBrother. to Fhslip Ce«e above-mentioned and Martyred at Viion) and Peter Ga- ^■Crt, which two were brought forth to their execution, O&oh. 2. They, were hold en long in the Air, over a fmall fire , and their lower parts- burnt off, before that the higher parts were much harmed with the fijre. Neverthelefs thefe Holy Men ceafed not in all thefe torments to • turnup theireyes to Heaven, and to (hew forth infinite Teftimonies of their Faith and conftancy. Inthe.fam.e fire many Bibles and Tefta- nients were burnt.

AmongdiversyoungScholarsand Students that were in- the littls. Caftle with Peter Gabart^ there were thefe two, viz. Frederic}^ Van- vile^ and FrjHcis Rebezies, neither of them being pafi 20 years of Age. How valiantly they behaved themfelves in the caufeof Chrift ■what conflids they had, difputing with the Do<!3:ors of Snrhome, what^. cpnfeffions they made, their own Letters left in writing do make Re- ■ ktion : thefe valiantly fuffered Martyrdom,

Rene Seau^ and Jehn Almerk\^ were almoft wracked to death irv, CfUpin.li.e. & pjifon vrand afterwards both of them dyed in prifon. John Bordel,

comment Gallic. C-.,. t^i7t-i-^ J-

deStituKeiiz.Sc Matthew Vermeil, Peter Bourdon, Andrerv detoii it the Countrey o& f^f?P"W Brefil, were alfo Martyrs. Villegaignon, Lieutenant to the French King,

brought three of them to the top of a -Rock , and there being halt ftrangled, without any Judgement, threw them into the Sea. The. fourth, viz. Andrew de Fott, he caufed by manifold allurements, fomer what to incline to hisfayings: fo heefcaped the danger, not with- out a great offence taken of a. great part of the Fremh.tnen in that Countrey.

Benet. Komaia^ a Mercer at Vragjtignan in Trovence^vm wracked and. bornt.

Francis C'lvaux, who had been Secretary to the French Ambaffadour

here in England in Queen Maries time, after being defirous to hear the

word. of God, went to Geneva. Alfo he . was placed to be Secre-

trary, to the Senate of Geneva^ where he continued about the

- fgace of a year. HaYipg.thencertaiii. buftnefs, he came to Piiow,:

" " ' - ... - - ^ where.

Cent.r^. Of FRANCE. 21

where he was betrayed by a Prieft, apprehended, and carried to prifon, and within feven days after was firft ftrangkd , and then ' burnt.

Peter Arotideauo( Koc/;?/ was burnt quick at the place called St. Joba'm Greve, at Parif. The Heroick ccDnftancy which God gave him and wherein he endured vidorious unto death, was a mirrour of pati- ence to /^««e(/« BoKr^,Counfellour inlhe Parliament of P^w, and to- divers other then prifoners, and was to them a preparation toward the like death, which (hortly after they fuftered.

Thomas Moutard was burnt at ValencieMnes, Divers others' alfo fuffered Martyrdom at. Paris for the profelFion of the Gofpel.

P/ji//^ the fecond, King of 5/'tf/«, after the death of his Wife, Mary- Queen of England^ was married. to Elizabeth eldeft Danghter to King- Henry II. Philibert Emmanuel Duke of Savoy married with Marguarite the King's only Sifter : znA Charles 'D\.\htoiLorraht^vi\t\\Claude^ a' younger Daughter o( France.

"the King yielded to Philii? all that he had taken from him, as well' on this fide, as beyond the Mountains. To the Savoyard he re-- llorcd Eref'e , Savoy , and Piedmont : to the Genevois the Ifle of Cor/^, and about four- hundred places more , conquered during the late fatal Wars , which had made fo many Provinces defolate,'. ruined fo many Caftles, Towns and Villages, drunk up fo much' Chriilian blood , and flain fo many millions of Men of all qualities, retaining nothing but the Territories of Boullen and' Calais.

The prifons were now full of the Troteftants : the Marriages of the- King's Daughters and Sifter were folemnized with all the pleafuresand fports that could be devifed. The Court exceeded in fumptuous' Plays, Masks, Dances, and Bon- fires: the people expreffed publiek". joy by reafon of the peace, with loud acclamations in thefe ceremo- ni«s. But this pleafant Comedy was converted by a fad Cataftrophe, into a mournful Tragedy. The King on June lo. Anno 1558, wou'ci be one of the Challengers at the Tilt in St. Anthonie's fireet , being fe- conded by the Dukes of Cuife and Verrara, And to run his laft courfe- infavour of the Queen his Wife, he fcnt a Lance to the Earl of - Montgomery. TheEarl excufeth himfelf torun againft his Majefty.' But having a fecond charge from the King to enter the Lift, he runs, and breaks his Lance upon the King's cuirafs, and with a fplinter thereof (his Bever beingfomewhat open) ftrikes him fo deep into the eye, asonyw/y lo.hedyedathishoufe of To»»;»f//fJ" in the 42 year of his Age.

The King when he caufed Eaber and Annedtt Bottrg^ to be imprifo- ned, vowed to fee them burnt within few days if they pei filled in theit ^ opinion, but he was prevented by death. - The -

a 14 X^t cccieftafticai ^wtmv cent, i ^^

The King's death in France^ which the Reformed did afcribe to mi- racle, increafed their courage, though they durft not fhew^themfelves openly in Paris. For his Son Francis the fecond, the ne-^ King, after he was confecrated at Khemes^ Septemh. 20. gave order to protccute the procefs of the Counfellours who were in prifon, and deputed the pre- iident of St. Andreas, and the Inquifitor i[«tc«i«* Vemecares, to dilco- ver the Proteflaats.

The Judges having gained fome of the common fort formerly pro- fefTours of that Religion, had notice of the places where ihey iccret- ly aflembled. Therefore many both men and women were imprilo- ned, and many fled, whofe goods were conhfcated after a citation by three Edifls. And the example of ParU, the fame was done in Voytau^ 'Xholoiife, and Aix of Provence^ by the inftigation of Georrre Cardinal of Armignac, who not to abandon that enterprize , would not go to Kome totheeledionof the Pope, ufing all diligence, that thofe who were difcovered might be apprehended. The profelTours of that Religion being ftirrcd up hereby, and imboldened, becaufe they knew they were manyj fent about many wi^rir.gs againft the King and Queen , and thofe of Lorrain, Cby whom the King was governed) Authoursof the perfecution, intermixing fome points of Religion, which being willingly read by all , as things compofed by pub- lick liberty , did imprint the new Rehgion in the minds of many. ,

In the end of the procefs againft the Counfellours,after a long conte- ftation all were abfolved, except Anne djt Boarg, who was burnt on the eighteenth of Vecember, not fo much by the inclination of the Judges as by the refolution of the Queen provoked againft him, becaufe the Protefiants did divulge in many writings and Libels fpread abroad, that the late King had been wounded in the eye by the providence of God, for a puniQiment of his words ufed againft du Bourg, that he would fee him burnt.

But the death and conftancy of a man fo confpicuous , did make many curious to know what Religion that was, for which he had fo couragioufly endured this punifnment, and made the number increafe. .

There was a great confpiracy in many parts of France, into which maBy wereentrcd, and the major part forcaufeof Religion, difaain- ing to fee poor people drawn every day to be burned at the ftake, guilty of nothing but of zeal to worfliip God, and to fave their own fouls. To thefe were joyned others, who thinking the Guifards to bethecaufeof all the difbrders of- the Kingdom, judged it an Hexo- ick Ad to deliver it from oppreilion by taking the publick admini- firation outof iheif hands. ' .

Both

Cent. i6. Of FRANCE. 215

Both thefe d-oaked themfelves with (he. coverof Religion, to gain . more followers : and the better to confirm their 'minds, eaufed the principal Lawyers of Germany and France, and the mofl famous Pw- if/f^?jt Divines to publi(h in writing, that without violating the Ma- iefty of a King, and Dignity of the lawful Magiftrate , they might oppofe with Arms, the violent Domination of the houfe of Gttife^ who offended true Religion and lawful Juftice, fend kept the young King as it were in prifon. •

Great tumults of the people were raifed in Vroveme^Languedoc^ and PoitoKi whither the preachers of Gewt/^ were called, and came wil- lingly. By whofe Sermons the number of Trotefiants did in- ■ creafe.

This general combination made the Goyernours of the Kingdom refolve, that ther?was need of an Ecclefiaftical remedy, and thaf- very quickly, and a National ^'ynod was propofed by the whole Council. The Cardinal of ^nwi^^ac faid, nothing was to be done, without the Pope, to which opinion fome few Prelates did adhere. But the Bifhopof F^/ra« faid, that F^we had Prelates of it's own to regulate thecaufesof Religion, who beft knew the wants of th6 Kingdom, that it would be a great abfurdity to fee Pam burn, having the Rivers of Some and Mariie full of Water, and to believe that wa- ter mufi be brought from Tibifr to quench the fire. The refolution of the Council was, that there being need of a ftrong and fuddcn re- medy, the Prelates of the Kingdom (hould afTemble to con/ider of thefe things, and A^^il ib. tht Synod was intimated' for the tenth of ■ September, ,

' A Currier was difpatcht to JRowt, to acquaint the Pope with this- Pxcfclution. The Pope blameth the King for pardoning Hereticks, and will not approve the National Synod : but fendeth a Nuncio into 5'/'ii»no uiffwade it. And the King of Spain diffwadeth the Frenfh ■ King from the National Synod. Therefote lie difpatched aWay ;^«- toHio di Toledo^ Prior of Lyons, to pray him not to go on herein. The affaulting of Geneva was propofed. But this propofitiotf Was'iiot well taken in France, becaufe it would make the Protejlantj unite them- felves. Bciidcs, none going to that War, but the Catholicks, the King- dom would be left open to the oppolites.y • ' ;j' ' ~

The Fr^j/c/-' King anfwcrcd, that he iVbuldnpt' mike a National Council to feparate himfclf, but to unite to l;he Church thofe that went aftray, that a general Council would morcpleafe ', and in likeli- hood be more pr'oiitable,if his urgent occafions would futfer him to ex-- pccTt thetime, which mu'l needs be very long: that the National Coun-. ci! which he dcf;reth,(lnil depend upon the Apollohck See, and the. Pope, which (lull ceafe when the.Generalfhall bcaJlTjmbkd, and (lull.- incorporate with it. And that his deeds may anfwer to his words,-.

itS)-

2 1 6 ^!)e cccleftafttcal m^m Cent. 1 6 .

he defired the Pope to fend a Legate into France , with power to affemble the Bifhcps of the Kingdom , and to fettle the affairs of Religion.

The FrfKc/^ King doth not think TrMt a fit place for the CounciU ■ nor that the Doftrines already difcuffed there fiiould be maintained without re-examination.

This troubled the Pope, who thought it did not proceed from the King's own motion, but from the Trote'rants.

The Troteliants were formerly called Hngomts ^ becaufe the firft .conventions they had in the City of lours , (where that belief firft took ftrength and increafed^ were in certain Cellars under-ground^ near Hugo's gate , from whence they are by the vulgar fort called

.HugOHOtS.

Iheodore 'Beza^ a man of great eloquence, and'#xcellent Learning, having by his Sermons drawn many to embrace the Reformed .Re- Jigion, even many of the chief Nobility and greateft perfcns of the Kingdom, their AiTemblies and Sermons were then no more celebra- ted in Stables and Cellars, as in the Reign of King Hf»ry fecond, but in the Halls and Chambers of the beft Gentry , and raoft eminent Nobility.

Beza's Tranflation of the new Teftament , and his accurate notes upon it, have made him famous.

His French Ffaltery was fo well liked, that it was well Tranflated into the German^ Bohemian^ Fnglijh^ Scottijh^ and many Languages ; and it is both in ufe and efteem with all the Orthodox Churches, 7hu- aniif faith, that Beza would repeat whole Tfdms in Hebre)v, and what- .ever Chapter one could name out of TauPs Epiftles, he would rehearfe it all in GreeJ{, for tlie things he had formerly learnt , his Judgement failed him not.

He lived eighty iix years, and toward his latter end he began to for- get what he had fpoken. His French works are mentioned by Verdier in his Bihliotheque, His Latin are known.

News was brought unto the Pope, that his Subjeds of Avignonhid taken up Arms againft him, accounting his fuccellion unlawfulj becaufe that Countrey was not juftly tz.kfn homKaimond, Count of Tholoufei concluding alfo that the Ecclefiafticks cannot by the commandment of Chrift, pollefsany Temporal Dominion. And refolving to rebel by the means of Alexander Guilotimus ^ Lawyer, they put themfelves un- der the proteftion of Charles de Montbrun, who being in Arms fox Religion, was much followed in D««//'^/«e. Charles entring the Ter- ritory with three thoufand foot , made himfelf Lord of the whole Countrey, with much joy of the Inhabitants. James Maria , Bifliop of Viviers^ Vice-Legate of Avignon, made oppofition, and very hardly iicpt the City. ThePope therefore fent Cardinal f arnefe to defend

.the

Cent. i6. of FRANCE. n;

the City. But the danger was moderated, becaufe Cardinal "Tornon ifwhofeNeeceC^i<r/f/ had married) made him deiift, and go to Gene- va, by promifing reftitution of his Goods confifcated for Rebellion ; and to be recalled (hortly with liberty of Confcience,if he would go out of France. So the Pope's Territory, deprived of that protedion, did remain in fubjediion, but full of fufpicions, and ready to embrace every Novity.

Vavila faith, that Godfrey dela Barre^ Sieur de la Kenattdy , is made oavila u\Ct. of head of the confpiracy aforementioned, who was one of a defperate the cuu wars fortune, with whom many others joyned themfelves i fome led by ° Confcience, others thruft on through defire of change > and many alfo invited by the natural humour of the French Nation, who cannot en- dure to live idly.

To thofe of beft quality among thefe he gave feveral charges to raife men, and to bring them to a place appointed , dividing to all their feveral Provinces. To the Baron of Cajielnaw was committed theoLn&of Gajcoigft.

To Captain Af<xzJ)*ej- the charge of Beam; To Mefny the Countrey of Limoges ; To Mirabel Xaintonge : To Coccaville Piecardy •, To the Sieur de St. Mary Normandy, and to Montejan Britany : Men , who as they were all of Noble Families, fo were they of known courage, and reputed principal leading- men, in feveral Cities, and their own Coun- tries where they lived.

All thefe departing from the AfTembly at Nantes, a City in Bri' tany , and returning every one with great expedition to the Pro- vince allotted him , in a few days working with wonderful fe« crccy, brought a great number of people of feveral conditions to be at their devotion.

The Confpirators prepared a great multitude, who (hould appear before the King without Arms , to demand that the fcverity of the Judgements might be mitigated, and Liberty of Confcience granted, defigning they (hould be followed by Gentlemen , who fliould make fupplication againft the government of the Guifardi.

The Confpiracy was difcovered , and the Court retired from Blois an open place to Amboife a ftrong Fortrefs- This troubled the Confpi- ratours, who while they were thinking of a new courfc, fome of them who took Arms were beaten and llain, and others taken and fentenced ro dye : and to appeafc the tumult, pardon was granted by the King's Edidt, dated March i8. to all, who fimply moved with zeal of Reli- gion, had entred into the confpiracy, fo that they difarmcd within 24 hours.

Then the King forbad all Affemblies for Religion, and committed to the Bifliops the hearing of the caufes of Herefie.

rf I An

2i8 %l)t ettltiiamCHl ^D?p Cent. i6.

An Ordinarice was made by the States at Orleans , Anno 1^60, in ordonnance dcs the (hort Reign of King Francis the fecond, That the Abbots and Cu- ^'^"„_'^j^'^'^''''"' rates who hold many Benefices by difpenfation, or refide upon one of: Art. 5. their Benefices requiring adualfervice and refidence, (hall be excufed

from refidence upon their other livings. Alvvays provided, that they depute fufficknt Men for their Vicars, of a good life and converfation; to every one of whom they (hall affign fuch a portion of the revenue of the Benefice, as may fuffice for their maintenance. Otherwife in default hereof, we admoni(h and enjoyn the Arch-Bi(hop, or Bi(hop of the Diocefs to take order for it, andmo(t exprefly command our Judges and Prodors to afE(t them therein : to caufe the Temporalties of fuch Abbeys or other Benefices to be feized upon without dilTerE*. bling, a Month after they (liall have warned and required the Prelates, a.nd other Titulars, to refide, or caufe fome to refide upon their Benefi- ces, and to fulfill the contents of this prefent Ordinance.

Another Ordinance was to this effefi, That a Prebend , or the re- venues thereof, (hall be afligned for the maintenance of a School- inalkr, who (hall be bound in the mean time, to teach all the youth of the City Cm*//, without any wages. Which School-rBa(kr (hall be, chofen by the Arch-Bi(hop, or Bilhop of the place, calling in the Ca- nons of the Church, together with the Mayors, Sheriffs, Counfellours, or Capitons of the City, and to be put out by thefaid Arch-Bi(hop or. Bi(hops, v/ith the advice of them iforefaid.

Here Twill fet down the Indulgences granted to divers Churches, Brother-hoods and Hofpitals, granted by divers Popes , and Printed about this time at Chartres, by PhUip Hotot. \ (hall tranfcribe the

whole.

I . The Statutes and Ordinances of the Wor(hipful Fraternity of the raoft bkffed Body of our Lord JefusChrift, newly founded and ered- ed in the Church of St. Hilary oi Chartres^ together with a fummary. of the Pardons and Indulgences given and granted by our Holy Fa- thers the Popes, and by our Holy Father Pope Taut the third of that Name, confirmed to the faid Fraternity, and all others of like denomi- nation, as well atf ow, as out of Kome , eredled or to be ereded., \Vhich Statutes and Ordinances, by vertue of taking out of thofe. Sails made thereupon by Authority of Po-pe Julm III. of that name, . GivemtKo:-ne,May6.. i55o,(hall beobferved , and kept in manner, apd form following.

The Pardons, Indulgences, and Jubilee, and plenary RemiflionSi granted tofuch as vifit the Altar , where the bleffed Sacrament and precious Body of Jefus Chrili, is placed in the faid Church of St. Hi- lary upon the days in the year, and.according to the loannet and form

here-

Cent. i5. Of FRANCE. 2ip

1^"' ■ ■ ■■■II.....I ■■■■ _■ — ■ -I ■■■■——— I. M,.,l . ., , ■ll> ., II, ^,1 II ^^-l._lj^...

hereafter declared and exprefTcd, to the end that every Chriftian defi- rous of his Salvation, may purchafe and come by them.

Andfirftof the Declaration of the Indulgences given and granted to the Brethren of thefaid Fraternity found in the Church of St. Hilary of C^<»r/r«, verified, approved and confirmed for ever, but made valid by our Holy Father, Pope 'jnliw III.

The Indulgences granted to the Hofpital of St. ^ames vdAugu^a.

The Indulgences granted to the Church of St. John of Florence. and to the Company and Society of the faid Nation, and of St. Cof~ was, and VamianM of Kome.

The Indulgences granted to the Society of the Holy Camp of "^ome.

The Indulgences granted to the Brethren and Sifters of St. Saviour^ ad SanSa SanStorum.

The Indulgences granted to the Company of the Charity of 'Kome.

The Indulgences of the great Hofpital of the Holy Ghoft in Saxi'a^ of the Order of St. Juftin of Rome.

The Indulgences of our Lady del Popoh ofRome.

The Catalogue and Declaration of the Indulgences aforefaid, and the Names of the Popes that grant" ed them, and the days upon which they way be had.

Firft, our Holy Father Pope Lm, hath granted to all, and every ©ne of the faid Brethren, which (haTl be prefent at proceffions, and other Divine Service celebrated^pn Corfm Christ day, remiffion of all their fins, provided they be coTHHTed and penitent, or have a full refoluti- on to confefs themfelves at the times appointed by our Holy Mother the Church.

Tlenary Pardon to thofe-^^f the Brethren that Jhall name the name of Jefu^ at the point of Death.

Zffw, Hehath granted a plenary Pardon to all fuch of the Brethren of the (aid Fraternity, as fliall name the name of Jefus at the point of Death, and they fhall be partakers of all the good works of the whole Church Catholick,

Ff 2 Tlenary

2 3 o Xfte eccieftafticai i^ifto^^ Cent. n5.

TIe/iary Pardon upon all the Feafl-days of our Lady^ upon All-Souls day ^ and upon St. PhWip and James day.

Item^ He hath granted to every one of- the faid Brothers and Sifters,

who upon any of the Feafts of our Lady, upon AJl-Souh day, and upon Fhilfp and James day, from the Vefpers of the Eves , until the Vefpers of the faid days, Chall, being confeffedand penitent, viGt the great Altar of St. Hilary^ upon which the moft precious bleffed Sacra- ment is fet, plenary Pardon of all their iins upon every one of the faid^ days.

Plenary Pardon upon all thb ficond days in June^ and upon the fixteenth of July^

Item, Pope Sixtui, hath given and granted to every Brother- and Sifter that (hall vifit the faid Altar, upon the fccond day in Jme, and the fijcteenth day of ya/)* every year, for every of the.faid daysapley' nary remiffion of all their fins.

Plenary Pardent& the Dead.

Item, He hath granted to every Brother that fliall give any Alms, or offer any facrifice, according to his means and ability, by vv'ay of. fuffragc for the Soul of any one deceafed^that he (hall obtain plenary Pardon for theiins of him fo deceafed. ^1

Plenary Pardon upon our Ladies day in mid-' AuguG:- which is the A{iumi^ti(;xn.

Ifp«,Pope Gregoryhzth given and granted to every Brother that fltall vifit the Altar of the bleffed Sacrament in the faid Churth of the faid St. Hilary upon our Ladies day in mid-^wgafi, d^c. plenary jemif-.. fi9n;0f.aU his fins, ,

Cent. id. Of FRANCE. oai

T.lenary Pardon^tpon the Feafiiof our Lady, and the^ O6i2ivcsof them-i &c.

Item^ he hath given to all the Feftivals of our Lady, and the 0- Saves of them, and to every Feaft of the Apoftles , pletiary pardbnof all their fins.

Eajier'day, and eight days folhuving. ^

Item, Pope J«Mfl<;f«* hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters," upon Ei»/?er-day, and eight days following, four thoufand eight" hundred years of §hcarantaifiSy and remiflionof the third part of all . their fins.

Twelfth-day., and the OSiai^es of that Fejti'z/aly and. the Nati'z/ity of our Lady.

Item^ H&hath granted 'to 'trvelfth-dzy, and the Gdav^s thereof/^ve thoufand years : to the day of the Nativity of our Lady, and the - Odlav66 of it thirty thoufand years of true pardon.

Afcenfion- day, and the OSiaves thereof.

Item, Pope Clement V. hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters - upon 4/cf«^««*day, and the Graves thereof tvvo thoufand years of.true - pardon.

Pope Boniface VIII. hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters - upon the faid 4/^'»/'i'«- day, and the Gdaves thereof, two thoufand years of true pardon.

Al]-Saints Day.

Item^Vope Bfnnet XU. hath granted to the faid Brothers- upon ; 'M-SaintsVay, three thoufand eight hundred ^arantains of truer . pardon, .

Elemry/

223 %^t eccieftafttcai ijtfto?^ cent, i^;

Tlenary Pardon upon all the Fefii'vals of our Lady, to thofe that pall 'vifit the Altar upon which the hleffed Sacrament ji^ndeth inthe Church of St. Hilary.

Item, Pope Sixm IV. hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters thai fhall vifit the faid Altar in the Church of St. Hilary, on which the bleffed Sacrament of the Altar ftandeth, upon any of the Feflivals of our Lady, from the firftVefpers to the fecond, plenary pardon of all

fVipir fin?;.

All the Saturdays in Lent.

Item, He hath granted to the faid Brothers, which (hall vifit the (aid Altar all the Saturdays in Lent, for every day a thoufand eight hundred years of true pardon, v

From Ihnrfday in M/a?-Lent tiU Low-Sunday.

Ife>M, He hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters, vifiting the faid Altar as before, from Thurfday in Mid- £?«/, till Lovp- Sunday, for every day a thoufand eight hundred years, and two jhoufand ^aa- -rantainsoi true pardon.

The day of etitr once into the faid Fraternity,

Over and above the faid Pardons and Indulgences fo granted as -abovefaid, our Holy Father Pope faul HI. doth give and grant, as appears by his Bull, plenary Indulgence and remiffion of all their fins in manner of Jubilee, to every one that ftiall enter into the faid Fra- ternity, and (hall be confeffed and penitentfor his fins upon the day of his entrance, and ftiall have received thcTnoft bkfled Body of our Lord |efus Chrift.

flenary Pardon three times in their JLifel

Item, He giveth and granteth moreover to every one of the faid Brothers and Sifters plenary pardon, and Indulgence of all their fins thrice in their Life, upon what day and hour they pleafe.

To

Cent. 1^. Of FRANCE. 229

To all that accompany the Body of our Lord, when it is carried to Sick^ Fc/^.

Item., He grants an hundred years of pardon to all that (hall accom- pany the blefled Sacrament of the Altar, when it fliall be carried to lick, folks, and as much to thofe who cannot go themfelves, but fhall lend> one of their Servants with a Candle > and to thofe that can neither go • nor fend, if they fay oneFatef'Nojier., and an Ave-Maria, to every one an hundred years of true pardon.

"lo thofe that Jhall'vifit the Church ofSt.Wihxy eve' ry Friday.

I/f>», He grants to the faid Brothers and lifters, which (hall vifit the (aid Church, and the faid Altar of St. Hilary every Friday, and! (hall devoutly fay ontTatef'TsIoiler and an Jve-Maria., in honour of; the moft bleffed Sacrament of the Altar, ten years , and ten ^araH" lains of true pardon.

Of choosing their Confeffonr.

Item^lie hath given and doth give to every one of the faid Bro- thers and Sifters licence to choofe three times in their life, any Prieft, Stcular or Regular for their ConfeiTour, who (hall abfolve them from all fins, how hainousfoeveri yea, though they be referved to the Ho- ly See, always excepted fuch as are contained ia thejiull which is read ; at Rome upon Maundy Ihurfday.

Forvifiiingthe aforefaid Altar every day is Lent.

Jtem^ According to thepriviledges granted in the Hofpital of the Holy Gholt, and other places particularly mentioned, at whicti the. nations both within the City of Kowte, and without the Walls of the. faid City are appointed to be, our faid Holy Father, doth give unto all the faid Brothers and Si(\ers which (hall vifit the faid Altar , upon which the bleffed Sacrament of the Altar refteth in the Church of St. - Hilary aforefaid, upon the days following.

Imprimh^ The (irft day ot Lent, three thoufand years of true pardon, and plenary remilfion of his fins over and above. .

"tbur.fdaj]

I'hurfday^ Ten thoufand years. Friday^ Ten thoufand years. -

The firft Sunday in Lent^ eighteen thoufand years of pardon, and remiffion of all fins to boot.

Monday, Ten thoufand years, and a plenary Indulgence.

T'uefday, Twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^arantahtr^ and remiffion of the third part of their fins, and the delivery of one vS'oal out of purgatory.

Wednefday, Twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^aranuint a«d remiffion of the third part of their fins.

Ihurfday^ Ten thoufand years of true pardon, and remiffion of all their fins.

Friday, Thirteen thoufand years of true pardonjand plenary remiffi- on of all their fins.

Saturday, Twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^arantains^ and befidcs remiffion of all their fins.

The fecond Sunday in Lent, twenty eight thoufand years , and as vmnY^arantains. -

Monday, Ten thoufand years of pardon, and remiffion of the third part of their fins.

iuefday,Tcn thoufand years.

^TiP^w/i/^iy, Ten thoufand years.

'j'hurfday,Friday,zndSatKrday, to each day ten thoufand yeatis. Andbefides on Saturday remiffion of all their fins, with the delive- rance of one foul from the pains of purgatory.

The third Sunday in Lent, Ten thoufand years, and twenty eight ^arantains of true pardon, and deliverance of one foul out of pur- gatory.

Monday, "fttefday, Wednefday, Ihnrfday, Friday , on each day ten thoufand yeairs. Satmday ten thoufand years, and plenary remiffion of all their fins,

the

Cent. 1(5. Of FRANCE. 225

The fourth SHHday,tcmiSion of all their fins, and deliverance of one foul from me pains of purgatory.

Monday tTen thoufand years,

. "tue/clay ^Ten thoufand years, and remiffion of the third" part of all^ their fins.

ff^ed»efday,T£n thoufand years , and remiflion of the third part ef all their fins.

ihurfday^ Friday^ and Saturday^ on each day ten thoufand years..

The fifth Sunday^ which is the paffion Sunday of oxxt Saviour, twen- ty feven thoufand years, and as many ^arantains, with remiffion of the third part of all their fins : and thefe pardons they may get twice- a day, vifiting the faid Altar as aforefaid.

Monday^ "tuefday^ Wednefdsy^ and Ihnrfday ten thoufand years..

Friday^ The deliverance of one foul from the pains of purgatory.

Siit^r^jy, Twelve thoufand years of pardon, and deliverance of 'one foul out of purgatory.

The fixth Sunday ht'irtgV aim-Sunday, twenty five thoufand years, and forty eight ^arantains of true pardon, and befides remiilion of all their fins. Upon this day they may get the faid pardons twice,, as was faid of the former Sundaj^

Mo«^aj', twenty five thoufand years, and remiilion ■ of the fourth part of all their fins, and befides plenary remiffion of all their fins.

T'af/^iy/, twenty eight thoufandyears, and plenary pardon of all. iheir fins, overand above.

Wednefday, Eighteen thoufand years;

Ihurfday, Twelve thoufand years, and as many ^arantains, andie"- miffion of all tiieir fins..

Good-Friday, a greatnumber of Pardons and Indulgences, and ple- nary remiffion of all their fins.-

(Gg-. ^atvr*'.

L^' ■■JJM

aatf X{)e CCCleftafttcal ttftO^p Cent.i^.

Saturday before Ei^fr, two and twenty thoufand years, and forty fight ^arantaim of pardon, and plenary remillion of all their fins.

Eafier-dzy twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^arantaint of pardon, and plenary remiffion of all fins.

«

Eafter-MoHday the fame as on E«/if r-day.

jE^7ffr-!Z«f/2/<rv, Ten thoufand years.

JFednefday^ fifteen thoufand years, and as many ^arantainsfind the deliverance of one foul out of purgatory.

Thurfday^ Fifteen thoufand years, and plenary remiffion of all fins^

Friday^ Fifteen thoufand years. -

Saturday^ Fifteen thoufand years, and plenary remiffion of the third part of all their fins. And they may haVe them twice a day as before.

ias'-5«/fijy. Fifteen thoufand years, and plenary remiffion of the third part of all their fins. And they may get them twice a day.

To thoje that Jhall ajpji at Majfei , Services , and Proceffions,

Item, He gives unto all the Brothers and Sifters of the faid Frater- nity, that (hall affift at the Service and ptoceffions made in the Church of St. Hilary in Cbartrex, in honour of the bleffed Sacrament, to every one an hundred years of true pardon.

The Stations after Eajier in the faid Church of St* Hilary, doing as is fet down before, and vi/itiag the faid Altar of the bleffed Sacrment.

Imprimtt^St.Mark^s day, eighteen thoufand years, and as many ^ud- rantains^

^ycf«/?e«-day,twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^arantains. .

JVhitfttnday^ twenty eight thoufand years, and plenary remiffion of all fins. ^i^bit'

Cent. i^. Of FRANCE. 227

jr/&;>/«»-Eve, fifteen thoufand years, e^c.

Whitfunday^ Twenty eight thoufand years, &t,

JVhitfun-Menday, remiffion of all fins.

"tuefday^ Twenty three thoufand years.

Wednefday^ Twenty eight thoufand years, aad a> many ^aran- tains,znd remiffion of the third part of their fins, and the delivery of one foul out of purgatory befide.

The Stations of Advent /« the f aid Church of St, Hilary.

The firft Sunday in Advent, twenty eight thoufand years, and as ma- ny ^<»M»(«i«x, and remillion of the third part.of all their fins.

The fecond Sunday, eleven thoufand years, an J plenary remiiEon of all their fins, granted by St. Silvejier.

The third iS'aw^^j'jtwenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^<«- ranfaim, and plenary remiffion of all fins.

The fourth Sunday, eleven thoufand years, and plenary remiffion of all fins.

St. Stephen's day, and St. John's day, twenty eight thoufand years,and as many ^narantaim, and full remiffion of all fins. Innocents day, fif- teen thoufand years, and as many ^arantains,in6. remiffion of all lins.

On Neiv-yean day, twenty five thoufand years, and plenary remiffi* on of all fins. TrPfZ/i/^day, twenty eight thoufand yeass , as many ^arantains^ and plenary remiffion of all their fins.

Septuagefima Sunday, eleven thoufand years, and forty eight ^<^- rantaim, and the remiffion of the third part of their fins, with the de- livery of one foul out of purgatory. i

Sexagefima Sunday, thirteen thoufand yeats, and forty feven thou- fand ^arantains, and remiffion of the third part of their fins.

^ingmgefima Sunday, twenty eight thoufand years, and as many j^arantains of true pardon, G g 2 And

cjcjS %5e cccleftaftfcai i^tfto?^ cent. 1 6,

And the faid Pardons and Indulgences here above-mentioned , ate granted only to the Brothers and Sifters of the faid Fraternijy which Ihall upon the days aforffaid every year vifit the faid Altar in the faid Church of St. Hilary'oi Chartres in France^ upon which the bkffed Sacrament and precious body of Jefus Chrift is placed.

Medjrd "Thierjaiilt^ Prieft, Licentiat in the Laws , Chanon af Char- tres, Official, and Vicar- General, both in the Spiritualty and Tempo- ralty of the Reverend Father in God Monfieur Lewes, by the Grace of God'BiChop oi ChjTtrss : To all and fingular, the Parfons and Vicars, of the Churches "within the City oi Chartres , fendeth greeting, &c. Tope Paul the third, did heretofore of his own proper motion, for the honour- of the hlejfed Sacrament, grant unto the Brothers of the Fraternity of the bkffed Body of Jefits Chriji, in the Minerva of Rome , certain Indulgen" ces, plenary remijjion of fins, and other graces, the good devotion, and upoH petition of the faithful Chrijiian Brothers, Which Indulgences and ple- nary remiffon of Sim, our holy Father Julius III. Pope, to the end that all • Chrijiians might come devoutly, and honour the blejfed Sacrament, of his own Authority hath reiHed and decreed, that ihey be of perpetual force and' efpxacy. And thefe Indulgences and other graces aforefaid, at the injiance af the moft noble Ferfonage Mr. Chri^opher de Herovard, the Lieutenant General of the Moll Chrijiian King, within the Bailiwick^ofChzitres, hath' granted them to the Brothers and Sijiers of the Fraternity of the blejfed Bo- dy of Jefus Chriji, h-eretofre ereaed and injiituted in the Church of St. Hilary of Chzxttes: always provided, that like grace and gift n>M not for- ifierly granted to any other Church of the faid City of Chartres. Andfar- afmiich'x we have viewedtlye contentsof the faid Indulgence, in the pub- lick^ Inliritment out of fhe Copy of Dominick Bifhop of Hoftia, Cardinal of the hAy Church o/Rome, by "title Traven, Dean of the facred Apoiiolical CoHege , ProteBoHr and Patron of the Fraternity of the bleffed Body of our . Saviorir, foundedinthe Church of our Lady c/ Minerva, of the order of Fry an Predicants in the City of Rome, in manner of an e^emplifcatien, publijhed ,drjin>n, figned and fealedhy Genefe B\i]tev Secretary to the faid Fraternity, Ciw« is* Rome, May i5. 1550. And furthermore, whereas by acsrtain declaration made unto the Court of Rome, by the command and with the leave of the Reverend Father in God, the Lord Bifljop 0/ Chartres; and as it fcems to iu truly and lawfully made ; that "'tis certain the lik^ grace wjs never granted to any other Church in the City ofCharties.Where- fire we command you to publijh,and caufe to be publifjed in your Churches the faid Indulgences, and the exemplifications of the Letters aforefaid ac- cording to their form and tenure. Giving leave to the faid Chriftopher de HeiToyard, to caufe the faid graces and Indulgences to he puhli^ied mthift ■ the City and Church of Chartres, whether by Siguis's or otherwife the fame HerovaFd Jhalltbink^good. Given at Chartres under the feal of the Cham'- bgr.of the faidBip^op of 'ChsjiitSjf Anno i'^%o. July ^j.SHbfcrihed.

RleSeneux,. Pope,-

Cent. 1^. Of FRANCE.

Pope Pius IV. in his Bull of the publication of the Council of Trent, which was for the continuation of it, bemngdnte Decem-ber ^o. 1560. fheweth in effeA, that it was begun, continued, and ended among the troubles in Fra>ice znd Germany. And ( as Sleiaan faith J as ibon sieidan. /. 16. as new broils were raifed in the neighbouring pans of Germany, and a great war was kindled in Italy and prance, the Council was afterwards fufpended and adjourned.

After the fuppreflion of the Confpirators forementioned, inafecrec Council held in the Kings chamber it is refolved to punifti ihe favou- rers of the Confpiraty. And to get the Favourers of the Hugonotsm- to their power, it was refolved to call an Aflcmbly of the States, at which among others the Princes of the Blood are to alllft.

But the Queen-Mother and the Gnifes doubting more than ever new Infurreftions, the Prince of Cow </e who was as a prifoncr is difcharged of his Guard, and fet at liberty. He prefently departed from Court, and went into Beam to the King of Navarre. The Conftable, the Admiral olFrance, and the reft, were entertained with kind Letters and Commiffions and Charges of truft.

The diflenfions and lufpicions of the Grandees in France encreafing, on the zi.of y^«_|-«/? the King called a very great Aflembly at F«««- The Aifembiy tuinhleau, in which theneceffiiies of the Kingdom were declared by ",2""'""' the Chanceliour, which he compared to a manfick of an unknown dif- eafe. Afre-rwards Jajper Coligni gave the King fome Petitions, which he faid, were delivered to him by a multitude of people, when he wa« in Normandy. The fumm of them was. That the faithful Chriftians difperfed throughout the whole Kipigdom did pray his Majefty to look on them with fl fa^^ourable eye; that they defired a moderation of their punifhmems until their caufe were heard : and that they might make publick profeffion of their Religion, to avoid fufpicion by private Affem- blies.

Then John Monhc Bifhop of ^<«/««cf fhewed, That the principal re- medy ofthefe diftempers was to flieunto God, to aflemble godly men out of the whole Kingdom, to find a way to root out the vices of the Clergy, toforbid infamous and immodeft Songs, and inftead of them to command the finging of Pfalms and holy hymns in the vulgar tongue ; and ifthecomm.on interpretation be not good, to take away the errours, fufFering that which is good to be ufed by all.

Another remedy was, the General Council, alwaiesvifed to com- pofe fuch differences ; faying. That if a General Council could not be obtained, they were to alTemble a National : that they did grievoully err, who troubled the publick quiet with Arms upon pretence of Reli- gion : that their errour was as great who condemned to death thofe who adhered to the new Dodrine , only for the opinion of piety, who dying conftantly, and contemning the lofs of their goods, ftirupthe

Aaa minds

^t)e ccclefiafitca! l&iilo^p cem. 16.

minds of the multitude, and make them defirous to know, what Faith that is for which they endure fo great punifliment. Charles tJffa- rillttc, B'ithop of Ftcnna, fpake in the fame manner, adding, That the difeafe of France was fo fharp, that there was no time to call a Phy» fician from far : therefore they were to call a National Coun- cil.

Col'tgni added , that requiring thofe who gave him the Petitions^ to fublcribe them, he was anfwered, That five thoufand men would fub- fcribe if there were occafion»

Francis of Gnife concerning the point of Religion, faid, he refer- red himfelf unto the judgement of learned men ^ but protefted, that no Council Ihould make him decline one jot from the old be- lief.

The Cardinal of Lorain faid , That the Petitions prefented were moft proud, and that to grant the Orators publick Exercife, weretoap- prove their Doftrine : he faid, that the greater part ufed Religion for a pretence r and therefore his opinion was, they fhould be proceeded againft with more feverity, mitigating the punifliment of thofe who aflemble without Arms, only for Religion, inftrufting and admonifliing them : and to this purpofe to caufe the Prelates torefide, hoping that by thefe remedies they would need neither National nor General CounciL

A Decree was made the 27. of that month. That there fhouldbe an Af- femblyof the States at iWf«K;t the lo. oi1>eceml>er : and if the General Council fliall not be called fuddenly, the Bifhops fliall aflemble on January 13. to treat of celebrating aNational : in the mean-while the punifliments for caufe of Religion were fufpended, except againft thofe who took up Arms..

The Pope hereupon wrote to Cardinal To^raow, to hinder the meet- ing of the Bifhops, and if he could not, to return lo.Kome. The Pope makes fliew to call a General Council fuddenly. He received anfwer itomTournon-t that having tried aU means, he was not able to remove the King or any of his Council, nor could hope for any better fuccefs hereafter^ The Pope's fecret purpofe was to avoid the Council, or to defer ir, but makes a contrary refolution againft his Will, and is much troubled with the occurrences of France. A Currier went in hafte to Rome out of France, with proteftations from the King, that if the General Council were not called, he could no longer deter the National : adding, that if any place in France wer« chofen for the meeting of the Council, it fhould be moft fecure.

Then the Convocation of the Council was publifhed in the Confi- ftory, the Bull whereof was entitled. Of the Intimation of the Council of Trent : the Latine word was Jndi^ionis . yerieritu wrote a Book againft this BuU»

At

Ccnt.i6. of FRANCE.

At this time News came to i?ow?, that the French King had impri- foned the Prince oi Conde^ and feta guard upon ihe YAXigoi Navarre y which pleafed the Pope much, as a thing that might hinder the Nati- onal Council. Saga fervant to the King oi Navarre^ is taken at Efiam- fes with divers letters about him, and being tortured confefleth cer- tain praftices againft the Crown. The Prince of Conde had attem- pted to poiTefs himfelf oi Lions, but without fuccefs. The Governour of the City condemned many oiih^ Hitgonots to be hanged, and the reft he fent alive to the Court, who ferved afterwards to con- firm the Depofitions of the Prifoners againft the difcontented Princes.

The King departcth with his Guard from ponntainbleaa and fum- moncth the States to meet at OrUanSy where the firft thing that was done was to make a profefliou of their Faitht Which being fet down by the Doftors of the Sorbon, conformable to the belief oiihi Roman Church, and publickly read by the Cardinal of TournoH, Prefidentof the Ecdcfiaftical order, was by a folemn Oath approved and confirmed by every one of the Deputies : becaufe nonefliould be admitted into that General Aflembly , either unwittingly, or on purpofe, that was not a true Catholic k.

Then the High Chancellour in prefence of the King propofed thofe things which were neceflary to be confulted of for the reformation of the Government. But this was the leaft thing in every mans thought, for the minds of all men were in fufpence about the Prince oiConde's imprifonment , who being interrogated, excepts againft his trial, and appeals to the King : but the Appeal is not accepted : and he was de- clared to be held as convift, becaufe he had cefufed to anfwer the De- legates. So they proceeded judicially, until the very laft pronouncing of fentence.

The Commiflarics having pronounced the fentence againft the Prince oi Conde, the King one morning being under the Barbers hand, was on a fudden taken with an Apoplexy, and laid by his fervants on his bed, and on Dccemb. 5. hedied.

Charles IX. brother to fr<«wc*f, and fecond Son to the Queen, fuc- ^ ceeded to the Crown, being yet but about eleven years old : in re- gard of his Minority the Government fell principally upon the King of iV74i/<irrf as firft Prince of the Blood. iV^ei/^rre did alraoft openly favour the new Religion, and was wholly governed by the Counfel of Ja^er Celigni the old Admiral, who made profeffion of it : fo that the Proteftants were more confident to obtain liberty of Religion, as theydcfired. They affembled almoft publickly. Hereupon the King's Mother and the chief of the Council, refolved to hold the States at ■Orleans, and begun to doit on the 13. of Deeember, where the bufi- nefs of Religion was debated. The Chancellour (hewed, That there

Aaa 2 was

%f\t ccclefiaftual !^iao?y cenc \6.

was need of a Council, which the Pope had promi fed : and that in the mean time it wasnotto be tolerated, that every one fhould fhapeouc his own Religion, and bring in new rites at his pleafure. He faid, That it was necelTiry that the names of Lutherans:, Hngonots and Tapifis (no lefs fadious than thofe of the Gitelfhs and Gibilines) were to be taken away ^ and Arms to be taken againft thofe who co- ver their avarice, ambition, and defire of innovation wiih the cloak of Religion. Johti jingtlo. Advocate in the Parliament of BUrdeaax, fpake much againfi the bad manners and difcipline of the Clergy. yames Earl of Retchford faid. That all the prefent evils did arife from the large donations made by the King and other Grandees to the Churches, efpeciaily of jurifdiftions : in the end he gave a Petition in the name of the Nobility, demanding to have publick Churches for their Religion.

Jacobus ^intintis, a Burgundian, fpake for the Clergy : he faid, The States. were allembled to provide for the neceffities ot the Kingdom, not to amend the Church which cannot err, though the Difcipline in fome fmall pare may fomewhat need reformation. He faid, That they that demand Churches apart from the Catholicks, arc to be pu- niiTied as Hereticks ^ and that the King ought to force all his Subjeds to believe and live according to the form prefcribed to the Church : that thofe who have forfaken the Kingdom for Religion, ought not to be fuffered to return : that thofe who are infefted with Herefy, ought to be proceeded againfi Capitally : that the Ecclefiaflical Di- fcipline will eafily be reformed, if the Clergy be freed from payment of Tenths, Qfc. In the end he demanded, that all priviledges of the Clergy fhould be confirmed, and all grievances removed.

The King ordained, That the Prelates fhould prepare to go to the Council of Trent : commanded , that all that were in prifon for Religion fhould be fet at liberty , their offences until that time par- doned, and their goods rcftored. The Pope fends, a Ntinrio to the Queen-Mother , praying her to be careful of the Religion-in which fhe was born and bred, and not to fuffer Schifm- to arife by too much licence, nor to feek remedies elfe-wherefor the prefent and immment evils, but from the Church olRomSj for which end ^he Council was intimated, -

The Prince ■ of CtjWf was fet at liberty, and by an EdiA in the Par- liament Qi Paris abfolved from the imputation laid upon him, and the Sentence declared nuU and irregular, which was pronounced againfi him, by the Judges Delegates, as incapable of judging the Princes «f the blood. '

In France, though the Queen and Prelates did dcfire to fat4sfie the Pope in referring the caufesof Religion to the Council, yet a Congre- . gation of Preiites was put in order, at which the Pope is offended,

and :

Cent. i6. Of FRANCE.

and fcndeth for Legate the Cardinal of Ferrara into France, giving him four particular Commiffions, viz.. to favour the Catholicks, and oppofe the Proteftants : to divert the National Synod, and Afiembly of the Prelates : to folicite the going of the Prelates to the Council : and to caufe an abrogation of the Conflitutions made in matters Ecclefiafticai.

Afterwards, it was ordained m France that the Bifhopsfhould meet ^^^^^^^ ^.^.. in Poify on Angufi lo. and that theProceftant Minifters (hould have a /«/, in f™°! fafe-conduft to come thither. At the time prefixed the Prelates af- fembled in Poify, the Cardinals of Toiimon, Lorain, Bourbon, Ar- -Anm i=ji\. magnac, and Guife, many Doftors of the Sorhon, and other Divines (ent for trom the raoft famous Univerfities of the Kingdom. There appear- ed for the Proteftants, T/)fWor« "S^^fi, Peter Martyr ^Francis de Saint Paid, John Raimond, John Firel, with many Other PreaAers, which came, fome from Geneva, fome out of Germany and other neighbour- ing places, in number fourteen. Thefe gave a Petition to the King, which had four parts, i. That the BilTiops might not be Judges in that bufinefs. 2. That the King with his Councellours would prefide.

3, That the Controverfies might be decided by the word of God.

4. That whit (hould be agreed on and decreed, might be written by Notaries eleded by both parties. The Queen would have one of the four Secretaries of the King to write, and granted that the King (hould prefide, butfo, that this (hould not be committed to writing, alledging that it was not fit for them, nor profitable for the King, confidering the prefent times. Before the Parties were called to the combate, the Pre- lates made a Proceffion, and did all Communicate, except the Cardinal Chaflillon, and five Bifliops. The others prote(led one to another, that they meant not to handle points of Dodrine, nor matters of faith.

The fecond of September they began in prefence of the King ,Ha.concii. Queen, Princes of the blood, and the King's Councellours, together '"■■■^"'- ''. 5.- with fix Cardinals, and forty Bifhops. The King fpake, defiring them tolabour to conipofe the differences of the Kingdom, and not to depart tii) that were done. The Chancellour fpeaks more largely to the fame purpofe. ~" The Queen commandeth Bez.a to begin. Who having prayed onhisknee, andrecitedihe profeffion ofhis Faith, com- plained that they were accounted feditious, and penurbers of the pub- lick peace, though they had noother end' than the glory of God, nor defired to afiemble themfclvcs but to ferve him, and obey the Magi- (trates appointed by him. Then he declared in what the Proteftjnts agree with the Church of \^<»»?f, and in what they difTent : he fpake of faith, of good works, of the authority of Councils, of fios, of Eccle-- fiaftical Difcipline, obedience to Magiftrates, and of the Sacraments ■: and emring into the matter oftheEucharift, he fpake withluch heat,

thai; .

%l)t ecciefmiltcai t i&oi^ cent. 1 6.

chat he was commanded to conclude. And having prefented the Con* feftioii of his Churches, anddefiredit might be examined, he madeaa end. Cardinal TnHrmn difdainech itBez.iis fpeech. The Cueen ^nfvvered, that nothing was done but by the advice of the Princes of the King's Council, and the Parliament of Paris , not to change or innovate any thing in Religion , but to compofe the diffe- rences.

The Affembly being diflblved , the Bifhops and Divines confulted what to do. The Congregation being again afTemblcd the i6. of the month, the Cardinal of Lor«j« makes a long Oration for the Papifts, to whom ^ez.*? was willing to anfwer, but wasnot fuffered. But on the 24. day in another Aflembly Bez.A fpake of the Church, and of the conditions and authority thereof, fhewing they may err, and the dignity of the Scripture.

Ejpencetts anfwered, he had alwaies defired a colloquy in matter of Religion; and abhorred the punifhmems theProteftants had endured : but he much wondred by what authority the Proteflants were caUed into the Ecclefiaflical Miniftery , who had laid hands on them to make them ordinary Minifters ? and if they pretended an ex- traordinary vocation, where were the miracles to demonftrate it ? Then he treated of Traditions, (hewing that many things are believ- ed by Tradition only, 3iS the Confubfiantiality of ibt Son, the Baptizing of Infants, and the Virginity of the Mother of Chrift after his birth. He added, that no General Council was ever correded by another in point of Doftrine. Divers Replies and Difputations paffed on both fides, fo the Colloquy was put off till the next day.

In which Beza^ who began to fpeak, provoked the Bifhops. For having juftified his vocation to the Minillery, he difcourfed of the vo- . cation of thofe Prelates, fhewing what Simony was commitced : and paffed from thence to the Article of the Eucharift. The parties not be- ing able to agree, a Sfanijh Jefuite having reproached the Proteflants, did reprehend the Queen for meddling in matters which belonged not to her, but to the Pope, Cardinals, and Bifhops. Finally, not being able to conclude any thing by this manner of parly, it was orde- red, that two Bifhops and- three Divines of the moft moderate, (hould confer with five of the Proteftant Minifters, to fee if they could find out a way to make an agreement. But this doth as little good as the former : fo an end was put to the Colloquy.

The Pope was glad to hear that the Colloquy was diffolved without doing any thing, and much comm^ed the Cardinal of Lorain, and Tournon more. The zeal of the Jefuite pleafed him. He faid the Ora- tion of the Chancellour was heretical in many parts, and threatened to «all him into the In^Hifttion^

The

Cent. \6. Of FRAN CE.

vThe Cardinal o( Ferrara had been received by the King and Qgeen with much honour, and acknowledged for Legate of the Apoftolick. See. But the Parliament having difcovered, that among his Commif- fions, one was to defire a revocation or moderation ( at the lead ) of the things accorded in the States of Orleans concerning the diftribution of Benefices, and particularly the paying Annates to Rome, and fend- ing money out of the Kingdom to obtain Benefices there, or other favours, did immediately publifh the Decrees, which had hoc been publifhed until that timCj under thedate oiSeptemher 13. chat the Car- dinal might not obtain his purpofe, and did refolve not to give the Le- gate lieve to ufe the faculties given him by the Pope, For the cuftom of that Kingdom is, that a Legate cannot exercife his oiBce, if his faculties be not firft prefented, and examined in Parliament, and re- gulated by a Decree thereof, and confirmed in that form by the King's Brief : So that when the Bui! of the Faculties of the Legation was pre- fented to be approved, it was refufed by the Chancellour and Parlia- ment. Befides, Pafquins were made and fpread abroad, concerning the lo^tsoi Liter etiaBor^ta his Mother, and Pope j^lexa/^derYl.hh Grandfather by the Mother's fide, with repetition of the obfcenities, divulged throughout all Italy, in the time of that Popedom, which made the Cardinal ridiculous to the people.

The firft thing he undertook, was to hinder the preaching of che Reformatifts, who after the Colloquy did pradife it more freely than, before. To gain repucation he made acquaintance with the Nobles of the Hiigonots, and went to their feafts, and fometimes was prefent at their Sermons in the habit of a Gentleman. But this difpkafed the Courc of 'Rome.

The Queen-Mother underftanding that the King of Spain took the Colloquy in ill part, fendeth an Ambafladour into Spain to ex- cufeic.

After the Colloquy was ended, and the Proteftants departed, the Prelates remained, and treated of the Communion of the Cup ^ the- Bifliop of Valence with confent of the Cardinal of Lor/iin, propofing, that if it were allowed, the increafe of the Proteftants would be inter- rupted. But the major part would not confent itfliouldbe done, but by grant, or ( at leaft ) by favour of the Pope..

Lieve is given to the Legate by the King's Brief to exercife his fa- culties, which the Chancellour refufeth to fubfcribe, according to the ftyle of the Kingdom -, Yet was it fubfcribed by the Queen, the King oi Navarre, and by the principal Officers of the Kingdom. For this favour, he began to think well of the Communion of the Cup, and to write thereof to .Row?. In condufion of the AiTembly at Poify, the Pre- lates granted power to the King to fell an hundred thoufand crownsofthe yearly rents of the Lands of the Church, fo that the Pope would allow it.

■ ^ Th£

8 S.'^t CCClefiuEtCal W^O^^ Cent. 1^.

The Legate informeth the Pope, that there are but two wayes to preferve Religion in France. One, to give fatisfadion to ihe King of Navarre^ and to incereft him in the defence of it : the other, to grant the people generally the Communion ftib utr.iqne jpecie. And the French Ambafladcur defiretb the Pope to grant ihe Communion of the Cup to the Froich men. The Popcgis-eih a favrurable anfwer, for ti/hich afterwards he was ferry, and at length refolveth not to grant the Communion of the Cup to the French.^

At the fame time when the Petiiicn of the Fre-nch Prthtes was pub- liftledin Rome, News cameoutof(jfr*»<«»)', that the fame men had fenc toihe Proteftants there to perfwadethem to perfevere in their Doiirine, promifing to favour them in the Council of Trf;?f, and to drawoiher Prelates to do the like, for which they are fufpefted in Trent and inB-ome.

The Nuncio refident in France, returned to Rome., who haviing re- lated the ftate of that Kingdcm, the Pope wrote to the Legate, that he {hould reprefent to the King's Council, that the Council in Trfwr was tobec^lebratedfor France onX'^ r, becaufc neither Italy nov S^ain]\^6. need of it, and Germany did refufe it, and tell them, that therefore it did concern them to promote it.

But the bad conceit which the Court of Rome had of the French^ Hift. Concii. jpjg iiicreafed by an advice fent from Taris^ that the Parliament had ■"' ' • *'■ ^^,ith much folemnity condemned to recant, one John Tancherel, a Bachelor of Divinity, becaufe with intelligence of fome Divines he had propofed and defended publick queftions, That the Pope, Vicar of Chrift, is Monarch of the Church, and may deprive Princes who dif- obey his commands, of their Kingdoms, States and Dignities ; who be- ing ac:ufed, cited, and having confelTed the faft, did flie. And the Judges (' as in a Comedy ) cauf.d the Bide! of the Univerfity to repre- sent his perfon, and to make a publick fatisfaftion and recantation, forbidding the Divines to difpute fuch queftions hereafter, making them go to the King to ask'pardon for having ftifFered fo important a matter to be difputed 'on, and to promife to oppofe themfelves al- wayes againftthat Dodrine. For which the French men are much c£nfured in R^me. The Pope promifeih a reformation in theCourt, and hafteneth the opening of the Council.

John Fernelim was a learned French man and Phyfician to Henry the fecond King of France, Medicinam Vniverfam doSiiffimts ^ foli- tiffimii jcriptu comflextu eft. Thuan. Hijf. Tom. i. li, 21.

About this time alfo flouriflied Andrew Tiraqnel., an excellent Lawyer. He is ftyled by Conradus Ritterhuftui, Varro ille GalUctu. He hath written well upon Alexander ab Alexandra his Book Geniali- um dierum. What Alexander hath written briefly, and without men- tion of Authours, he hath illuftrated with his Commentary, and

" . (hewed

Cent. i6. of FRANCE.

fliewed to whom he was beholden for what 6c had. 'tJoHdnm thus ex- tols him. Cnm vario litersrum genere excaltHS, tnm ceUberrimus na- Jirii atate jHris-confulttn.

juUm Cafar Scaliger died near this time at Agen in France. He was voff.inftie. thirty years old before he fell to ftudy, yet was afingular Philofopher, ™"-^'-+'''''-"' and an excellent GreekjinA. Latin Poet. VoffitM calls him natHnz mi- raculum, and faith thus, Vir tile timqttamfine Uude dicendM, vir ad unguent faEius. Lipfim highly admires him. He was an excellent Hifliorian, and great was his skill in Phyfick, and his Pradice thereijil was happy. A Noble and learned pen dteK thus corarnend him.

Nenhttnc fefellit ttlla-vU reconMta ■ sieph. n^etht

Salubris her ha, falttbmfiquam avm ' " ' ■ JSL^Jvldut

Celatnivofus Caucafju^feu quamp^ocHl BraffacmnPr*

Riphfa dura contigit ritpes gelu. ^™'

Hie jdmque Ipettafites ad orcumfwnfemel Anima4 reprejpt -viilor^ ^ membrii fuu Jiarere fuccis comfiditfcslkibus, Nigrique avaras Ditis eluftt manus.

On Snowy Ctfucafus there grew no root

Of fecret Power, buthe was privy to'tj ^ i..

On cold ^/f/?^<s« Hills no Simple grew,

But he the force thereof and vertue knew.

Wherewith ( apply'd by his fuccefsful Art )

Such fullen Souls as would this world depart.

He forc't ftill in their bodies to remain,

And from death's door fetcht others back again.

His skill in Phyfiognomy was wonderful, But his excellent Parts wereattended with prodigious Pride.

His Son Jofeph Scaliger was one of the great lights of France, and Holland too. One faich thus of him. In antiques Script ores nimiiimt'-'''"^"''""' ' petulans dr protervus. MontacHt. E.xeroit. z. fecr, \q. For variety biiisnifi Joft- of Learning and Skill in the Orkntal Languages ("befidcs ^is acutenefsJ'^^'J.]J^^"',|i^^_'^' in Chronology ) he exceeded his Father. In the firfl Volume of the.' Lord oi'T Icjjis }^\% Leiters znii Mcmvirs, Cafaubon relating to him Sc^-' liger's death,- faith. This lofs offo Learned a man, wrought iii him an incrtrdible grief, and that he for his particular had loft another Father., Monfunr du PUffis likewife condolu'S with hi tn in fo gi^eata lofs, and faith, That Sc«/i^fr indeed made one of the integral parts otthe better. Learning of this Age. T/jw^fl^i honourably mentions him in his Hiftory, , and in the fiift book of his Commentaries ■Z>f:;;V^//wfaiih,he continued ■ieiig!and"*' ° in a league of iriendlhip with him thirty eight years. And faith alfo,That '-"■■"'"'•

Bbb .^/'.5.<.'.i*

in all that while in which he was acquainted with him, henev.er heard

him difpute of the Controverted points of Religion, onhat he wasac-

cu:;omed to write to others about them.

lUasternitate Adrian Turnehiis was Profeffbur of Pliilofophy and Greek \nPa-

digni Adver- ,.^ under King CharUslX. ThuaKHS calls h.m ^rande twflriftculi or-

r^f^z.^i'. '36.' riamentHm. He was admirable both in the GreeK and Latin Languages,

and in knowledge of all Antiquity, as his Books entitled ^i/i'er/ir«<j

do evidently teftifie : of which H. Stephanits thus fpeaketh. Vti-

)tam no7i taKtabrevitate infHisAdverjariorHmlihrUeff'et ufus. Pau'

lo enim Ihculentior e^ plenior quornnd.im locorum explanatio, d" ma-

jorem illi operi gratia.m Uudernqne conciliajfet, ^ leSiori multo magis

fatisfecijfet. Steph^nus Tafchajins in bis Icones faith thus of

him.

^ticquid in arcano condehat avaravetHfiaSy Turnebus taeitis emit e latebris.

He hath reftified P/»«?>^ Preface to his Natural Hiftoryby Ancient

Copies, and added Annotations upon it. He hath commented alfo upon

i/er<?ce's firft Book ofverfes, and upon his obfcurer places.

videLeaiumJe' ^C this time flouri/hed Anthony Sadeel. Anthony Bourbon King of

vitasaaeeijict Navarre greatly refpefted him, and was wonc to hear him Preach.

ijripiis.' j^Ij friends 'mFr,snce were efpecially Eczay Hottoman, GoidartiuSf

F^.iKs and others.

John AiraiHs ^Regim ProfefTour in Tarii for the King of France, was much refpeded hy Charles IX. and was the chiefeft Poet of his time.. He was moft skilful in Greek and Latine. Some of his Poems are publilhcd.

Papyr.Mafoa.. Airaium ncKo te dicat, magne Poeta,

Akrea naKque tibi Aiujji lepofqne fait.

Antoine de (^nandietivizs a learned French Dr.'ine. Beza highly commends his Book of the Marks of the true Church. There are other works of hi? aHb, viz., De I' unique facrifce, £ontre les traditions.. £tz.a gives him^ this charader. De U trefare erudition^ piete entiere^ diligence incroyable, cr dextertte admirable, Bez.e Epijire an Rey devant fan Traitte Des Hdarqites De /' Eglife C^tholiqtte.

Andreas duChefnewzstht King of France his Geographer : he hath Ppt out divers French Books. Gilbert Cenebrard was a Divine of P<«- r»,a/id the King's Profeffbur of Hebrew. He was a moft petulant wri- ter. By whom fiith B. Andr. jit is verified, chat much Learning and' sailing may be accidents in one Subjed,

Papy-

CcnM6. of FRANCE. n

Papyrius Majfonius was fuch a writer of the French Chronicle, as Cambden of the EngUpi. There are four Books of his Annals. One fpeaks thus of him. No>i tarn undit^uxque Ponttficiiis, quin wro Ton- Tijicum vitia libere fateatur. zJ^ortoni caufa Regia, cap. j^ Seti. 19.

Jacobus Cnjacius was a great light of France. His Life is written by PapyrtKS M^jfonipu. He is praifed by Peter F'*ber ( whofe Mafter he was J as the greateft Lawyer of his time. Pafqmer imh. In many Univerfities of 6V«?<i«ji, when thofein the Chair alledge ^wy^ectw and Turnebm, they puc their hands to their hats tor the refpeft and honour they bear them. He was thought to be fomewhat inclinable to the Proteftint Religion. But when any Theological queftion was askc him, he was wont to anfwer^ Nihil hoc ad EdtCtum Pratoris.

John Pajferatiw was a learned French man, the King's ProfeiTour of Eloquence in Paris^ an excellent Oratour and Poet. He hath put out Orations and Prefaces, a Commentary on Cathllta, Tibullus and ProperttHSy Varia Opufcula. His French Works are mentioned by uintoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

At the fame time lived Dionyfiw Lambinm, a Learned French man : he hath Commented well on Lucretius , Horace, Plautfu. Titrne- bu6 often makes honourable mention of him in his .^^i^t'fr/^iri*?. y The Queen of Navarre^ Prince of Conde, the Admiral, and the Dut>chefs of Ferrara, having for many Months made requeft that places fhould be allowed to the Proteftants for their Sermons and Ce- remonies J and all thcfe, and many more Grandees even in the Court it felf making Profeffion thereof, the inferiour Proteftants AlTcrabled riiemlelvcs apart : whereupon dangerous Popular tumults were raif- ed in many parts of the Kingdom with fliughter on both fides* Two divers tumults were raifed by Sermons, one at Dijon, the other in Pari^s, Hereupon the Prefidents of all the Parliaments were called, and certain Counccllours Elefted to deliberate what was beft to be done. All thefe being AfTembled at Saint German, where the Chan- cellour told them, That the differences in Religion fhould be referred to the Prela:es : but when the Peace of the Kingdom is in queftion, this could not belong to the Ecclefiafticks, but to thufe whom the King would appoint to confult of it. That this Particular was then to be confiJered of, whether it were good fervice for the King to permit or prohibit the Congregations of the Proteftants, wherein they were not to difpute which Religion was tlie b:tter, becaufe they too'-i not in hand to frame .1 Religion, but to put in order a Republick. in the end they contluded thatthe Ediftof J«/y was to be remitted in part, and the Proteftants to have lieve to Preach. The Edift coniained ma- ny Points. That the Proteftants Hiould reftore ihe Cliurches Pofteili. ons, and other Ecclefiaftical goods ufurped. That they fhould for-

B b b 2 bear

bear to beat down Crofles, Images and Churches upon pain of death. That theydould not Aflennble themfelves to Preach, Pray, or Admi- nifter the Sacraments in publick or in private, by day or by night with- in the City. That the Prohibitions and Punifliments of the Edift of fitlyj and all others made before, fhould be fufpended. That they (hall not be raolefted in their Sermons made out of the City, or hindered by the Magiftrates. That none fhiall fcandalize another for Religion, or ufe contumelious words of Fadion. That the Magiftrates and Offi- cers may be prefent at the Sermons and Congregations. That they fhall not make Synods, Colloquies, or Confiftories, but with lieve, and in prefence of the Magiftrate. That they (hall obferve the Laws for Feafts, and Degrees prohibited for Marriage, That the Minifters (hall be bound to fwear to the Publick Officers, not to offend againfl: this Edift, nor to Preach any Dodrine contrary to the Nicene Council^ and the Books of the Old and New Teftamenr. This was Regiftred and publifhed by way of Provifion, with this exprefs Claufe and Condition, Until fuch time as the General Council, or the King himfelf fliould order it otherwife.

< The Duke oiGuifs, the Conf^able, and the Cardinals C among which the Cardinal oiToHrnon was lately dead) with the Mar(hals of Sr//^c and St. ^ff^re being difcontented hereat left the Court, contriving how they might hinder the execution of the Edid, and oppofe the Prote- ftants. But becaufe they faw, that whilft the King of iV^-^/^rre flood. united with the Regent, they had no right to intermeddle with the Government of (he Kingdom, therefore they propofed tothemfelves todifTolve that Union. And knowing, that the Queen intended to con- - tinue with the fame power till her Son came of Age, they thought it more eafieto gain the Yi^mgoi Navarre, who was already much avtrfe- to the Proteftants Religion by reafon of the different opinions he foundv; among them about the Points in Controverfie,. And now the King of Navarre joyns himfelf with the - Duke of Guife and the Confiable. Ihtk ihxtt th^ Hagonots CdWt^the Triumvirnte.. Queen Jean Wis highly difpleafed at this fo unexpeded deliberation of her Husband, and leaving the Court, carrieth with her Wmcs Henry, and thePrin- cefs Karherine, her Children ( whom (he brought up in Cdvinifm ) into Btarn^ being determined ro feparateher felf from the Gounfels and converfation of her Husband.^ The Queen Regent was alfo terrified herewith, and in oppefition to the Triumvirate joyns wi.h the Prince of ^o«^e and the Admiral. The Prince oiConde takes upon him openly to YitiAtht Hngonots, who ardently defire to revenge his paft affronts upon thofe that were his chief perfecutours. His power and boldnefs was moderated by the wife Couiifel of the Admiral of Chifftillon. Their Authority led after them, being of the fame Faith, the Prince of .Pomea > the Count de la Roch-fon-caitt^ Mtjjieurs de

Cent. 1 6. Of FRANCE.

»3

Genlitj de Grammont, and Bur as •, the Count of tJ^ontgomery, the Baron des nyidrets^ Me/fieurs' de BoHchavane, and Soi(biz.e, and ma- ny other the Principal in the Kingdom. Thus upon a fudden the King ot" Navarre went over to the Popifli party, and Queen Katherme (though diffemblingly ) took upon her the Proteftion oftheProte- ftants. The King of Navarre flaying in Parii, laboureth to hinder the AfTemblies of the Proteftants, to diminish their force and credit, and finally to take away their liberty of Religion .

The Prince of Conde being likewife in Farii, on the contrary en- Davi!.m(i. courageth the Preachers , and (as he could ) enlargeth thejr licence and ^^'Jso^'fj^^e, liberty. The King of Navarre deliberating to drive the Prince of ''-a- Co>ide out of Paris, for this purpofe fends for the other Popifli Lords to Court. The Duke of Guife makes a journey thither, and palling ' through rajfy, his Servants heard a noife of Bells ; and having askc what was the reafon of it, anfwer was made, That it was the hour wherein the Htigonots ufed to Affemble at their Sermons. The Pa- ges and Lacquies of the Duke that went before the reft of the Company, moved with the Novelty of the thing, and a curiofity to fee (for then thofe Congregations began firft to be kept in Publick ) with jefting fpeeches and a tumult went towards the place where the Hiigonots were Aflcmbled at their Devotion. Who underftanding that the Duke of Gmfe^ their great Perfecutour, was there, and leeing a great Troop come diredly toward them, inconfiderately fell prefently to gather upftones, and began to drive back thofe that advanced firft to the place of their AfTembly. By which injury the Popifh party rafhly betook themfelves to Arms. The Duke putting himfelf in the midft of them, was hit with a blow of a ftone upon the left cheek, which bled much, which caufed him to wiihdr.iw from the hurly burly. His followers impa- tient of (uch an. affront done to their Lord, with their fire-arms pre- fently affaulted the houfe whither iht Hiigojiots retired to fecurethem- felves, killed above fixty of them, and grievoufly wounded the Mini- fter •, who climbing over the Tyles faved himfelf in (bme of the ad- joyning houfes. The tumult being ended, the Duke of Gnife called fonhe Officer of the place, fliarply reproving him for fuffcring fuch a pernicious Licence to the prejudice of PafTenger?. He exrufing him- felf as unable to hinder it, by reafon of the Edift o^ January, which tolerated the publick AflTemblies of the Htigonots, the Duke no lefs offended at bis anfwer than :it the thing it felf, laying his hand upon his Sword, replyed in choler, This jhall foon cut the Bond of that Ediii, though never fo binding. From which words many afterwards conclu- ded, that he wasthe Authouv of the enfuing War.

But the Hiigonots incenfed by this Chance, now full of rage, ftirred up fuch horrible tumults and bloody Seditions, that (befides the flaugh- ter of men in many places) the Monafteries were fnoikd, Images

tluown .

14 %l)t ettittm^itai if iHorp cent. i6.

thrown down, the Altars broken, and the Churches defiled. The peo- ple in all places ran headlong to cake Arms; and the Heads of the liftionsw^enc about gathering Forces, preparing theaifelves forama- nitcft War. And now each Fadion defired to draw the King to their party, and to pofllfs the Perfons of the King and Queen. But the Caiholicks prevent the Hugomts^ and lead ihetn both to P.nk from Fount air.bUau, The Prince of Conde therefore poffclTeth Orleans^ and prcpareth for the War. The Popifli Lords under the King's name iikewife raife an Army. Many writings are publifhed on each fide, and both Arjnies go into the Field. The <^ ueen-Mother labours for a Pace. To this endfhe comes to a parley with the Prince, but with- out fuccefs : notwithftanding fhe continues to Treat of an Agreement, xvhich at length is concluded. But the Prince by the perfwafion of the reft, again takes Arms, purpofeth to afTail the King's Camp by night, but miffbth of hisdefign. Forces come to the King's aid oui of Ger- many, and many thoufands of Svetffes, whereupon the Prince is forced to retire unto the Walls oi Orleans, where being unable to keep the Army together, he divides it. He fendeth for fuccour Ix ova Germany and England, confents to give Havre de Grace to the Englijl}, and to receive their Carri[onsimo1)eipeind Reven, to obtain aid from them. The King's Army takes Blou, ToiUiers, Tours, and Bonrges, befieges Roven and takes it, and {acks it, where A/ithony King of Navarre received a Musket fhot in the left fhoulder •, which brea.^ing the bone, and tearing the Nerves, he prefently fell down on the place as dead, and died Shortly after.

Succours come to the Prince of Co We out of Cf >•»;<?»>', with which being re-inforced he makes hafte to afTauIt Faru : The King and the Queen arrive there with the Army: and the Prince after many attempts is necellitated to depart. Both Armies go into Normandy^ and there follows the Battel of Dreux, in which the Prince of Conde is taken Prifoneron the one fide, and the Conflable on the other. The Duke of Cuife being Viftorious , layes fiege to Orleans, and is ready to take it, and istreacheroufly flainby Pe/fr«r, Sieur de Mtrehorn, of a No- ble Family, neir Angeulefme. He feigns to forfake the Proieftant par- ty, leaves Orleans, infinuates himfelf into the Duke olGuifes Court : snd whilft the Duke gives order for an affault, fhootshimin the flicu!- der, whereof he dieth. Poltrot ■i\At6. by the fwiftnefs of his horfe, fa- yed himfelf in the neighbouring Woods, and the Duke being carried CO his Lodging, died three dayes after of his hurt. Puitrot was ta- ken , and being taken , was by fentence of Parliament publickly quartered.

After the death of the Duke of Guife an accommodation foUow- ed : Conditions ofPeace wereconluded at Orleans March, i8. 1563. .viz.. That all thofe that were free Lords over the Caftles or Lands

that

Cent. \6. Of FRAN CE.

iliac they pofTcffed , not holding of any but the Crown, might within their jurifdidions freely excrcife the Reformed Religion -, and that the other Feaudataricsjwho had not fuch dominion, might do the fame in their own houfes, for their Families only, provided they lived not in any City or Town. That in every Province certain Cities fhall be appoin- ted, in the Faux-bourg whereof ihtHngonots might Afifemble at their Devotion. That in all other Cities , Towns and Caftles, in the City of Taris with the jurifdidion thereof, and all places whatfoever where the Court refided, the exercife of any other but iht Romijl] Religion fliould be prohibited. Yet every one to live free in his Confcience without any trouble or moleftation.That the Profeflburs of the Reformed Religion fliould obfervethe Holy-dayes in the Roman Calender, and in their Marriages the Rites and Conftitutions of the Civil Law. That all the Lords , Princes, Gentlemen, Souldiers and Captains fliould have a full Pardon for all Delinquencies committed during the time of the War, and every one to be reftored to his charges, goods, dignities, , priviledges and prerogatives. That the Germans fliould be fent away, and have fafe-condud out of the Kingdom : and that it fliould be m the King's power to recover all his places. Towns and Caftles from any pcrfon that fliould with-hold them fromhim.

This Capitulation being publifhed in the Camp, and in the Court, on May i8. the Prine oiConde and theConftahle came out of Prifon j and A/Jcielot delivered the City of Orleans into the Queen's hands : and the Kings Army recovereth Havre de Grace from the R>7glijh. The King cometh cu: of his Minority . The Queen ufeth divers artiiices to work the difcontented Princes to her will. The King and Queen make a general vifitation of the whole Kingdom. And from Beam they went to Lions, in which the ii/w^owof^ had fo great aparty. Andcon- fidering the importance of the place, the neighbourhood of Geneva 3indGermany, they refolved that a Citadel fliould be built between the Rhofne and the Saone ( two great Rivers that run throu£.h that Town } whereby to bridle the people, and fecurc it from the treachery of its neighbours. Which being then begun, was afterwards brought to pei- fcdion by the diligence of AfiJ«yifrtr de Lvjfe newly put into that Go- vernment, From Lions the King being come to V'aknce . in 'Dol- fhiney he caufcdthe City to be difmantled, and built there ancwFor- trefe : that Town having ever been a receptacle for thofe that were in Rebelhon.

From- Lions they went to the Caftle of Roajillon, where there was an. Interview between the King and the Duke of Savoy, From thence they vicnt to Avignon, where the King and Qn'^en gave anfwer to ihc Pope's Ambafly, (hewing that they were ready to extirpate CaivmifM^ and to caufethe Decrees of the Council of Trtwf tobe obferved in their Dominions. Then they came to an Interview with theQgeenofS/'.i/wac Bmnne. P.y

i6 ^!je ccclefiaatcai l^tfto^p Gent. i^.

By an Ordinance of King CharlalX- Anno 1563. it was De- creed, That none (hou'id be admitted tofue, by venueof thepriviledge of his Clergy, to be fent back to the Ecdcfiaftical Judge in any Cafe whatfoever wbeiherCivil or Criminal,unlefs he were a Sub-deacon at the hft: which is as much as to exclude fimplefhavelings, whether they be married or no.

I find an ordinance of the fame Kingmadeat JHnnte on Sep. 10. 156?. which fpcaks of defamatory Libels, placards, pafquils , and fuch like things in matter of Religion : and as for the point of jurifdidion ordains as ioliowah , Commanding all pablii^ns Magiftrates , Commijfaries of the Count r ey , and other our ojficers whom it tnny concern^ to have regard hereunto •, charging our ProCtors in every place and Advocates to do their endevour herein (. all other bufinefs laid afide ) to the finding out ^nd fumbling fv.ch faults oi they p^all find concerning this f articular. And afterwards they are commanded to obferve the faid Ordinance pundual- Iv, and proceed againft the breakers hereof by the punifhments there af- iigned, peremptorily without obferving the ordinary forms of Tuftice.

For as much as many large Indulgences are moft commonly granted to Fraternities, as appears by divers of the Pope's Bulls, King CW/f/ IX. required in his demands of the Council of Trent, a reformation of the abufes of fuch Fraternities. The Council found nothing to be cor- reftedinthem, but tacitly confirm 'd them, by ordaining, That the Ad- miniftrators of them fhall give account of their adminiftration every year unto the Ordinary. They were wary enough to touch upon that point, feeing itdireftly concerns ihe Pope's authority. By means of thefe Indulgences, and the fuperftition which he ufeth in them, he gains milli- ons of men unto himfelf, who devote thcmfelves fo much unto him, for the fpecial favour which they fuppofe they receive by the means of thefe Indulgences, that they do not acknowledge any other fuperi- our. ' "'

The AmbafTadours of this King Charles fent to the Council of Trent^ had fuch Articles as thefe given them in their Inftrudions ^ as concern- ing the reformation of the Court oi Rome ^ Excommunications, there- ftoring of the Cup, marriage of Priefts, Prayers in a known tongue : and to demand that Pfalms might be fang, the Sacram.ents adminiftred, and a Cacechifm made in the vulgar Tongue. And befides, to' aflifl all fuch as fhould require a juft reformation in all other matters. The originals of thefe inftrudions were figned by King Charles^ the f^een- Nataiis coT.cs Mother, the Cbancellour of the Palace, and divers others. Hereupon //. I... Hift. the King oi France his Oratour faid, when they propofed thefe de- mands, That they did wonderfully agree with thofe of the Emperour, and for that reafon they had deferred the Propofal of them ; fuppofing that if the other were affenced unto, they fliould alfo befatisfied. But perceiving the Imgrings and delays that were ufed in that behalf, and

■ with-

fui te.Tiporis.

17

Cent. 1(5; Of FRANCE.

wichal prefled by the Letters of the King their Maftcr, they were con- ftrained to make a motion of them. They required further, that all Mandates of provifion of Benefices, all Reverfions, Re-afTumptions, Refignations, holding of Livings in Truft, and Commendams might be quite taken away, as contrary to the Decrees, and that refignations in Favour might be banifhed the Court of Rome, as forbidden by the Sa- cred Canons. That acourfe might be taken for inftruftiag the people what they ought to believe concerning the Worfhip of Images, and to clear it from all fuperftitions and errours, if any were crept into it. And the like Eflay to be made about Indulgences, Pilgrimages, Reliques ofSain:s, and Fraternities -. that not only the ancient form ofpublick P^^nance might bereftored in the Church for hainous and publick offen- ders, but alfo publick Fafts for the appeafing of God's wrath. That general Councils might be holden every ten years : that for abroga- ting oftuits about Benefices, that diftinftionof fmfor)' and Pojfe (fory might be taken away : or rather for the utter extinguifhing of fuch Suits, that Bifliops might be enjoyned to beftow them noi upon fuch as feek after them, but on thofe that are worthy of them and avoid them : and for certain proof of their Merits to make them Preach fometimes ; and thofe fuch as have taken fome Degree in the Universi- ties, upon whom only Livings might be conferred by the confent of the Bifhop and people.

Augiiftine zjl^arhrat^ one oftheMinifters of the Reformed Church zxRhoan'm France, was taken by the G'«»jf?<««j, and hanged upon a Gib- bet there before our Ladies Church. He was a man excellently learn- ed, and of an unblameable Life, who had the teftimonyeven ofthe Pa- pifts themfelves, that in his Sermons he never uttered ought tending to Sedition or Rebellion. He hath written upon GfWf/w, Ifniah, and the Tfalms^ and an Ecclefiaftical Expofition upon the New Tcftament, which hath been well efteem'dof^,

Clement Marot was a famous Trench Poet. He turned fifty of Da,- p,(; r^. 'vids Pfalmsinto f?-fwcfc Metre, which are read with admiration ot his cherch. dc la excellent Wir. He fet them forth zs. Geneva, for he might not ''''^'"''''' ''"■'■^' fafely longer abide m France for fufpicion oi LHtheranifm.

Marcui Antonim Muretvu was a very eloquent and diligent Wri- ter. Scree hath he paflTed by any Latinc Authour, either Hiilorian, Oratour, or Poet, which he hath not explained, amended, and reftored to his purity, either with his Commentaries, Scholia, or Notes, Tertnce^ l^ctron'tM, Tibultm , CatullM, Propertins, Seneca, Saliifi, Tacitut. . His Book pFdivers rfddiiigs fheweth how Learned he was. His excel- lent Orations fhewfiis great Eloquence. Gcfner mentions hisLitine works, zni Antoine durerdier his French. Thuanus Ay Ics him, A f.tg- mtm non foliim Gallic neftrte, fed iffms Rome lumen: not only a great light of our France^hMi alfo of Rome it felf.

Ccc About

i8

IlDc ecciefiafttmi fttfto^p cent. 16.

Le Pedagogue d' Armesjc<J.8> 4? 9,

WaTeri CoTi- ment. ad Mi- thrid. Gefneri.

About this time Father Edmottd in a Book of his Printed at Paris by Sebajiim NivelJe, and by him dedicated to King Charles IX. with this Infcription, The Pedagogue of Arms^ to infiruil a Chrifiian Prince to undertake a good War rveS, and accot^plijh it with fuccef, to be Vi^ori- OHS over all the Enemies of his State, and of the Catholick^ Church ~\ gives fuch Rules asthefe. That Wars have been alwaies accounted not only profitable, but necejfary. That the Pope is bound to take Arms Againji Hereticks. That to a Monarch undertaking fuch a War, a man cannot urge any of his former Editts or Ordinances, That no man ( howFotent foevir he be ) can Contraciwith an Infidel, or one that hath revolted from his Confcience. He gives this reafon. For what King is there, how redoubted foever he be, that can ( without falfifying his Oath made to God) permit and give lieve to the Enemies of all truth, and condemn d by the general fentence of all the world, to few herefies i/i his Countries, and allure fouls ? He adds further. That what conditio om of Peace foever he can grant unto his Rebels in this cafe, will not endure long^ But it will behove him not to awake fuch firong andPo~ tent Enemies. That to make a Peace with them at laji, he mufi refolvs to maks a good War. And anon : As oft as by the Articles of Peace licence is granted to every man to adhere to which of the two oppojire Parties he pleafe without being offended at it, it is all one, in my opini- on, as if one jhouid cafi a man into the fire, and forbid him to burn himfelf.

In the feventh Chapter he faith. If fuch perfonswere Infidels er here- tichs I would never excufethe Monarch, that having fufficient means, in his own hands (hould not ajfay by all waies, even of faH, to reclaim fuch a Kennel, or drive them far out of his Country, out of the Terri" tories of Catholickj- And fo much the more roughly ought he to proceed againfi them, as he k»ows them perverfe in all rejpe£ts, and of the Hugonote ffavfp, which fiiould be accounted themofl pernicious, mo fi- devilijl} upholders of lies, that ever rofe up againfi the Church.. Thus he.

In this Age flourifhed Culielmus Sallufiius Sartajfius, an excellent French Voet. lUe Poetarum Gallicorum Coryphaus SaHufiius^Bartha-- fii Dominus, cujus Poemata apud exteros etiam in laude funt. He is tranflated into many Languages. He may be read in Latine, French^ Italian, Englip, Dutch. Pafquier fheweth, that the French Poets imitating the Latine, have often equalled and fometimes exceeded them. Antoine duf^erdier,zniThuanus do commendhim.

Near this time alfo lived C/hWo (^f Bres, a holy Martyr. He hath written againft the Anabaptifis in French, of the Authority of the Ma- giftrate, and the immortality of the Soul.

Johannes Quiquarboreus vns Profeflbur of Hebrew and Chaldee to th$ French King in Paris. There is his Chaldee Paraphrafe with

Scholia

Ccnt.i6. Of FRANCE. 19

Scholia upon Ruth , Lamentations , Hofea , Joel , Amos, prancifchs Rabeloefus was a witty, but Atheifticalfrfw/; writer, and DoftorofPhyfick.

Robert Conftantinevizs Beaa's great friend : he was C hiih Thua^ »ns) trium liTtgHarumpritiffimHs^ moft skilful in three Languages, efpecially in Greek and Latine. He lived till he was a hundred and three years old, his Senfes of Body and Mind being perfcft, and his Me- mory ftrong. Thefe are his Works. Nomenclator injignium Scri- ptorum, DiHionarium ahftruforum vocabulorum , Lexicon CrMo- LatiriHm.

John Croyvm a learned French Divine. He hath written a Treatife entitled,' Obfervationes Sacr£ e^ Hifiorica in novum Teflamemum, That Book, and his Specimen conjeEturamm dr obfervationum in qua' dam loca Origenis, Jrenai, Tertulliani (^ Epifhanijj &c. and his French Book entitled, La verith de la Religion Reformee., declare him to be a good Linguift, and a General Scholar. He hath written a Book againft Morinasy not yet publilhed, but commended and quoted by thofe whohave perufcd it. .yo^« ^»r»««* was a learned Papift. There are his Exercitationes Biblica de Hebr&o Graco^^ue Textn, Exercit. Ecclejiafiica. «

In the late Progrefs of KingCW/w IX. was difcharged all Preaching and exercifing of the Reformed Religion in the Towns of France, where- in it fliould happen the King to be, during the time of his Pro- grefs.

Many new interpretations of the Edid: of March were invented, whereby the liberty granted to the Proteftants was utterly in- fringed.

The Prince of (^onde having heard that the Kings of France and Symfm eccIcC Sfain had made a League for the rooting out of the Proteftants, addrcf- cmt'i/' feth himfelf to the King on the behalf of the Proteftants, complaining, that contrary to the Edid of March they were injured and cruelly flain, demanding redrefs far the forefaid injuries, and that they might have liberty to enjoy their Religion without moleftation. The King hearing of the Prince's coming ( being with fourhundred Armed men ) with all expedition and in great fear haftens to Paris ^ and caufed the ?<?- r«/M»j to give thanks to God, as it he had been delivered from a great pe- ril and imminent danger.

After this the fecond War for Religion brake forth. The Prince of Conde approached with an Army to Varisy and diftrefled it for want of food. The Parifians under the Condudt of the Conftable fally out of . the Town, and come to Saint Denii where the Prince oiConde's Army lay. T^ere the Admiral put the Pariftan Souldiers to flight, and the Conftable was Diot by a Scotijh Souldier, of which wound he died ffiort- ly after,

Ccc z After

^o %i^t ccclefiafttcal ^\^m ^^"^ ^^'

After the Battel the Prince of CoWf marched toward Lom» to joyn with the German Army, which was to be fent for his fuccour from the Count Palatine of the Rheine, under the Condud: oiCajfmire's Son. This German Army joyncd with the Forces of the Prince of Co««/<r at Tontamonfou, a Town in Lorain on the River zJPl^oJel. Being thus conjoyned, they march to Chartres and befiege it. The danger of Chartres brings on a newTreatife of Peace,which at laft is concIuded.The Armies are disbanded, and the Towns by him fubdued are delivered in- to the King's hand, the German Souldiers were difmifled, and every man returned to his own houfe. But this pacification was but a fubtit fnare to entangle the Proteftants withal : fortheProtefl:ants were com- pelled to lay down their Armour when they entred into the Towns, where they dwelt, and ftridly commanded to remain in their houfes, being not permitted to vifit one another. '" . , ■ - - In all the parts of the Country great cruehy was ufed and many cruelly butchered, fothat within the fpace of three months moe than three thou- fand were flain by the Sword. All means alfo were fought to intercept the Prince ofConde, the Admiral Andeht, and other principal Perfbnages. The Prince oiConde and the j4dwiral Ak with their Wives and young;' children to Rochel. God's Providence fo condudcd them, thar albeit all the Bridges and Paffages were ftriftly kept, yet God provided a - Foordin the River Lo^rt near unco Sanfer, which was unknown before, neither was any paiTage found to be there two daies after. By this way they pafTed fafely to ^^ffcfef /. J , ''

The Prince of Cow^t had fent letters to the King, greatly complain- ing of the Cardinal oi Lorain, who abufed the King's Name and Au- thority, and fo malicioufly fought the lives of the King's innocent Sub- jefts for their Religion,, expreflyagainfl: the King'sEdift of Pacification,, v/hich had been (ealed with the King's own hand-writ, and ratified Wiih , his Oath, Tothofe Letters no anfwer was given, but all the Cbuntry w'a^' ia Arms, and the Duke of >4ff;(?« Brother to the King was m'ade'G^rierat^' Commanderof the Army. ; •.^'^^: j ^

The Queen of Navarre on the other parr, adjoyned herfelf and.; her Forces to the Prince oiConde -^ zni.'itom'Britany c^mt uindcUt' and his Forces, wbopaffed the I/o^re by a certain Poord not known l)e-^ fore, and unpaffable afterwasd; no lefs miraculoufly than the Erihcc..' • oiConde and his Family had done in another place of the ftme River be- " fore,Af£er whofe com'mgAngolefme was befieged and taken. by the Prince , of ^We-.Likewife Acieriw brought with him to the Prince out oiDotfhi- ne, Provence and Langnedoc twenty three thoufand men, . - -

The Duke oi Anjou was come with his Army to Po?'(5?»«, and pir.heA

his Camp at Caftelleraultntax to the River Vienna. Thef Prince of Co«^-

ds^indi the Admiral daily provo|ce him to fight, but he politickiy de-

S^ayeth. The Dukeof ^;?/o« receiving ayd from German} ioicdth the"

\ ' ' ■ ' ' ~ Plote-

Cent.-«$; ' OfFRANic^

It

Proteftants to fighr. A Battle was fought at i/aw/^c,, wherein the Prince of Conde vjzs taken and fiain, and two hundred moreofthe^ Proteftants, and forty taken Prifoners. The Admiral led the reft of the Army back to Saint Jande-Angeli. Soon after Andelot died ar Sainefes ' to the great grief of all the Army : his body being opened was found id be poifoned. ^ ,j <

The Qijeen of Navarre comfurteJ the Army of th^e PrWftarfts. And her Son the young King of iVijwrrlfj with the PrinVe ofC'owijfe''^ Son took upon them the Government of the Army, and lent Courit' c-^o»<^o«wfry to relieve the Town oiA»golefmey which was tHca' befieged by. the Duke's, forces,. ;at/w|ioife- coming the fiege was^ railed. '' '-^^ '-''-"^- ' '•^'' *>-i- iw-niv./. :.i..; J^\ ,.^;-l

Then the Duke of Bl^ont cometh , from Germany to ayd the- Vio'-i teftants, and takes the Town of la-Charity in Btriundy, and dieth with- in two dales after, having appointed W^lrod Count of Mansfeltio be General in his room. In this Army were feven th'oufand,tind five hun- dred horfe-mem, and fix- thoufand- }obt-men,-^befides two thoufand' French horfe- rtien, who came in theiir company,: and ten'Enfigns of foOt- men. The Prince 6f:0ran£e with his Bh)tlie'rs Iiaii0W}ek^and"He:^ry^^- were alfo in this Army. '' ' •"' •'

" Tn the Country oiP^oiciou the Princes had taken rnany Towns, and' Feicfiers was befieged by them, but tliey were forced torailt thefiege.' At length both Armies met and joyned in a Battel irear Moktcoisvire!,- where theDuke ofe^«;o« bVd the Vidory. Hereupon al It he* Town's' which the Proteftants had taken 'in ?Birf<w<we« recovered by their Enemies. St; J'^w-'Z><iK^f/j' wa^ilfo'-befiegeS'.and'furrendered. At the fiege of this Town Marticiues, Qovernom of Britany, was ([tin . This M^rtiques perfwaded la Matftnolis to yield the Town to the''Kirig:' and defired the Town to remember the Battel oi Montconvire, where- in their ^rong Cod had for fahjn them, and'fald it was time forlhemto fing, Hel^ m now O God\, for it is tim'el'j 'TSlot lOng after this proud Elafphemer felt that this ftrong God wa!s living,- able to help the-weakj and confound the proud.

The Princes now refolve b make ' Z„-r«j-»f«/o(r the feat of War, becaufe the Town of Nimei wa^ lately ftirpi*ized by the Prctrftants, and many Towns in that Country favoured their Religion. '

This occafioneth a new Edid opP^cificatioin to be ftl foi*t1r,' granting liberty of Religion tt) the Pi;oteftan'rs again,'"and for their further fecu- riiy the keeping of four Towns during the fpace of two years, i/<",^./?,7- cbelyCogfrack, Morttalla?!,d,r\i Caritea. Thus was an end put tothe thii-d Civil viirh France. , - '

About this tJme'wis a notable* Siiit'of-thofewhowhh a preriimp^uous ■ and partial Title tertt^ied thcmftlyes, ofthefoci'etyi)fJefHi,dec\di;d in the ' Court ofParliamentj5r<rf ^J'^/^M/fr pleading'Jgainfttbem foi^'theUniver--

fity

^z %^tet^U6Si(l{Cmfi^^ Cent. 1 6.

~ fity ofP<»r*^, amoftgrave Advoqccofforare a Caufe, and^. Peter

P^erfor^ for their Company. Ttieit pleadings are read, and their be- ginniiigs, and firft entry intof r^Hce, their advancement, and all that concerns their Seft, is fo learnedly exprefled in an Epiftle of the fourth Book of the faid TafjHier, and in his pleading, as it is necdlefs to inferc here.

Then the King ofFereth his Sifter m Marriage to the King ofNavarre, and pafling to 5/(7) f/fent for the Queen o^ Navarre^ whom he received fo courteouily, that the Queen was fully perfwaded, that this Marriage would be a more fure pledge and bond of conftant peace. The Admiral alfo was fent for, and ipet the King a.z Bloyes, whom the King feemed highly to honour; The Admiral and other Nobles are foUicited to^be . prefent at the Majrriage. : ■ -'--.-

_,The Queen of Nwuarre, as (he was bufied in making preparation for the Marriage, diedhaftily by the fcent of empoifoned Gloves, which fhe received from an Italian the King's Unguentary. But the Marriage was celebrated notwithftanding on ../5<^/</? 1 8. -^«o 1572. ,,,

Soon after, viz,, jiHgufi zz. the Admiral, as he went from the ' iofti^rr to his houfe,wasftiQt with two or three bullets in his arm. This was taken in ill part by the King of Navarreindi the Prince of Conde^ defiring liberty to depart from Pxris. But the King with (o many at- teftations protefted his dillike in that matter , and that he would diligent- ly fearchout and feverely punifh the Authours of that deed, that in fomc part he quieted the minds of the complainers.

The King likewife xai^ic to vii|t the Admiral , pitifully lamenting the chance that was fallen out, affirming the difhonour to be done to him, although the Admiral had received the hurt. He would alfo have had the Admiral tranfported to ihe Leuvre for his better fecuri- ty, to which the Admiral feemed unwilling. Therefore the King ap- pointed fome of his own Guard to attend upon the Admiral's houfe, and the Proteftants were required to prepare their Lodgings hear to the Admiral's houfe, to be a Guard iiato him, in cafe any commotion fliould happen in the Town. '- *' '

The Maffacre of • All this was done uider deep dilCmuIation, to put the Proteftants ^^iiJi^j^^'^''' ^" fecurity, that they (hould not once imagine of the Tragedy that was to come. The night after was the appointed time for the horrible Maflacre of the Proteftants that were in P/trw. The Duke ci<juife went from Court, with order from the King to find Prefident Charro^ Trovofl des Merchafis, the chief Head of the people of Paris, giving him direftion to provide 2000. Armed men, who fhould wear every one afhirt-fleevc upon their left arm, and white CrolTes in their hats, which upon notice given were prefently to execute the, Kings commands. TTiat he fliould caufe to be in readinefs the Sheri& ( Echevins they call them) ofthe fevetal Wards, and that upon ringing of the Bell of

the

Gent. \6, Of FRANCE. ^.

the Palace, clock, lights fliould be put in every window through the Town : which things were all prefently performed : the Dukes of Montfetifier and Nevers, with many other Lords of the Court took Arms, ail the Guards being in Arms at the Gate, and in the Court of the Louvre. At the prefixed hour theDu.e of Gitife, the Duke of ^«- male^ and zj^onjieur d' Angolefme, Grand-Prior ofFrance, the King's Baftard-Brother, with other Commanders and Souldiers tothenumbec of 300. going to the Admiral's houfe, forcibly entred the gate of the Court, kept by a few of the King of iV<^^/<«'^•ff's Halberdiers, and the fervants of the houfe, which were all killed without mercy.

The Lords flayed below in the Court, and one Befme, a Lsrainsry and Achille PetrHcci,z Gentleman of Siena, one of thofe Strangers which he maintained , with Colonel Sarlaboui, atid the other Souldiers, went up to the Admiral's chataber. He hearing the noife, got up, and kneeling down, leaned againft his Bed, when keing Cornafo^j one of his fervants come frighted in, he asked him what noife it was j who anfwcred. My Lord, God calls us to hiwy and ran out haftily at ano- ther door. They prefently entring, Befme ran him into the Breaft, and the reft when they had made an end of killing him with their Dag- gers, threw his body out of the wj'ndow into the Court, and prefently it. was dragged into a ftable. In the fame Palace were flain Teligny, the Admiral's Son-in-Law, and Guerchy his Lieutenant , who wrap- ping his Cloak about him died fighting manfully. Colonel Montau- manniRaura Son t&the Buoades Adrets^ with all the reft that had relation to him.

Then the Colonel of the King's Guards called the Principal HugO' mts that were in \hi Louvre one by one, who being come in the Court, were all killed by the Souldiers that flood in two long Ranks with their Arms ready for that purpofe. There died the Count de laRoch-fou-caut,. the Marquefs de Re/iel^ Piles ■w\\o had gallantly defended Saint Jr<i« dc A/igeli, Pontbreton, Pulviadt, Bandine., FrancoHrt Chancellour to the King of Navarre, Tarditlan^ Lavardm, and others to the num- ber of 200.

Then at the ringing the Bell of the Palace-Clock, they fell a killing the tiugonots throughout all the Lodgings and houfeswherethey were difperfed, making an infinite flaughter of them without apydiftinftion of Age, Sex, or Condition.

The King of Navarre, and the Prince of Conde, were kept in the King's Chamber during the Maflacre, and after are kept Prifoners, They are threatened, except they will renounce that Religion which they profefftd, they (hall furelydie;;.

The King oi Navarre requeued the King to regard that new bond of ' friend(hip that was bound up between them, and not to urge him fo ftrid- ly to forfake thacReligion wherein he had been trained up from his youth.

The

14 ^'bt CCClefiafttCal ^iMl^ cent. 16,

The Prince of Co»^f added, that his life was in the King's hands, to difpofe ©fit as it pleafed him. But as for his Religion he had received the knowledge of it from God, and he would not renounce it for any fear or danger of this prefent life.

Some of the Proteftants then lodged in the Fo^^j-j of S. German, as Count iLPHor.tgomeryy zndi\.htY'ii2.a\t oi Chartres, for intercepting of whom the King had given command to the Dean of G//^ of P^ir^, to have in readinels 1000. Armed Souldiers. But thefe Souldiers were not inreadinefs- fo they efcaped. The Duke ofGuife, the Count of jingolefme ^ inA others, piirfued them to ^J^tomfort, which is eight leagues diftant from Paris^ bar could not overtake them, and fo returned back again to ^Pitm.. Befides the Nobility, more than ten thoufand per- fons w;ere llain, whofe bodies were laid on heaps upon carts, and caft into the River'Sf t>?f, which was coloured red with the blood of the flain.

Peter Ramus was llain at this time : he was the King's Profe/Tour of Eloquence and Philofophy at Paris, in the 36. year of his age. In the 21. year of his age he publifhed a Logick with animadverfions upon j^riftotle. Being murthered, his body was reproachfully dragged up and down the ftrcets, and many of his works unperfeded there peri/hed. Jacobin Pafcharius hath thefe Yerfes of him.

pert il tor quavis chm jit facer arhore Ramw ; ^borii hie dignns nomine Ramtti erit.

Dionyfus Lamhinm, a very learned man, was alfo flain in this Maf- facre.

John Mercer, a learned Proteftant, a man well skilled in the Hebrew tongue, and Hebrew writers, fucceeded Fatablm in the ProfelTion of -the Hebrew tongue at Paris. He efcaped at the cruel Maflacre at Pa- ris, being thrown into the River, and after put forth his learned Com- mentary on Cenefs.

Peter 'aJ^Ierlin, a godly and learned Trench Divine, who wasif- z,(is Scholar, was miraculoully preferved in that Maflacre.

In many other Towns there was a general flaughter of Proteftants. So that within the fpace of a month more than thirty thoufand were reckoned to be flain. To all this Tragedy was added thedefedion of Roz,ariui, a Preacher at Orleans, by whofe Apoftafie , example, and perfwafions t\\tYi\ngoi Navarre and the Prince of CoWs were induced to renounce the Proteftant Profeffion for a time. Yet afterwards this fame Roz.arius, being gravely admoniflied of the vilenefs of his Apo- ftafie, departed out oi France into Germany, and writ Letters to the Prince of Co«flff, wherein heacknowleflged his errour, begged mercy of God, for that he had been a fnare and ftumbling block unto him. I read in the life of the learned Dr, Peter dn-MoHlin the elder, that - ' fais

Cenc. \6. Of FRANCE.

his Viiher Joachitn dH-Monliny was called to be Minifter « Cesmres

near Soifons, Anno 1570. The Procedour of that Church was ^o«- sce the Life of

(leur d' Ef}ree. called fince Marques de Cxnures. who then profefled B"' ^"" ''L

■a ■•• n i_i_t_jrf_ IT* Moulin writCm

tne Protertant Religion. But when he heard ot the great Maliacre of by his Son. Parti, nyiugufl 24. 1572. and that the like Was to be fpeedily exe- cuted over all France^ he prefently forfook the Proteftant Profellion, and to approve himfelf a true Convert, expelled the faid Joachim du-Moniin out oiCosyiiires.

V Then was the good man in great extremity, and in this general Mafla- cre the murtherers were feeking for him. And how to difpofe of his Wife and four little Children he knew not. At laft this he did, he left hisChildren with a Woman of contrary Religion half a mile from Cir- nures. Himfelf with his Wife fled to t^uret, a Town belonging to the Prince 0^ Conde, and fo to Sedan, with the Duke of 5ow7/ff« of the houkoide U March, who pafled that way flying from the Court. The Murtherers that were fent to kill Joachim and his Family ( for they fparedneiiher Agenor Sex) found the Womans houfe where the Children were left. Ritffina, the Woman to whom the Children were committed , hid the Children In the ftraw of a Bed, tlie ordinary bottom of beds of the lower fort in France, and laid a feather-bed * and a blanket gver them. Scarce had fhe laid the blanket, when the Murtherers came into the room, and fearched it, but lookt not in the Bed. Peter then under four years of age, notlikingtobe thus laid up would cry; but his Sifter Ejlher then (even years old, who had been made apprehenfive ohheir danger, ftopt his mouth with her hand, whereby fhe made him ftruggle, and to make fome noife -, which to drown with another, Ritffma pretending to reach fomething upon a flielf made the Pewter fall, and then took it up again wiih much ruft-' ling till the Murtherers were gone. As foon as they were: out of doors, fhe ran to help the Child, whom ihe found well-nigh fmothered with the (lopping of his wind : but he foon recovered, and the Children were kept fate in her houfe till their Parents fent for them. Thus God doth many times prefervc the infancy of his fervants from the rage of Satan and the world.

The day before that terrible exectition, the King difpatched Polls in- to divers parts of the Kingdom, commanding the Governours of Ci- ties and Provinces to do the like : but this Commiflion was perform- ed with more or lefs feverity according to their feveral inclinations : for the fame night at yWM«.v, and the daies cnfuing at Orleans, Ro-ven, Soargcs, Angiers, Tholoufe, and many other places, but above all at Lions, there was a mod bloody (laughter of the Hugoyms. On the other fide, in thofe places where the Governours were either Depen- dants on the Princes, or followers of the hv!x\Vj oi Montmorancy, the Order was but (lowly and remifly executed. And in Provence the

D d d Count

%l)t ccciermftical i^iUo?^ cent. 1 6.

" Count oiTende tdwkd ppenly lo obey it, for which caufe being a while after at the City of Avignon^ he was fecretly made away, andCas it was believed ) bythe King's Coninniffion.

The third day after the death of the Admiral, the| King accompa- nied by all the Princes and Lords othis Coiin, went unto the Parliament, where he pretended, that he hadmiraculoufly difcovered the confpiracy of the Admiral and his Complices to take away his life, and not his alone, but the lives of the Queen-Mother, and the Dukes of^«;o«and Jlan^ on his Brothers, and even the King of Navarre'^ alfo, who be- caufe he was alienated from their party, was efteemedno lefs their ene- my than all the reft. He gave order it fliould be recorded among the ordinary Ads of that Court, that whatfoever had befallen the Admiral and the reft of his fadion, either in ?aris or any other part of the Kingdom , was done by his will, order, and exprefs Commif- fion.

Then he commanded them to proceed to the examination of Prifoners, to defame the memory of the dead by laying open their Rebellions, and by infliding fuch punifliments upon them as the ftridnefs of the Law required. And laftly, he caufed to be publifhed, notonlyin the Parliament, but likewife in all the Streets oiParis, that they fliould defift from further effufion of blood. The Parliament condemned .Sn- ^«fw^W,and C^t/4g*wj, two Proteftant Noble-men. They laboured by torturing them to extort from them a confeffipn 6f the fore-alledged Confpiracy. But the Noble-men died conftant in the true Faith, with- oiit any confeflion of fuch Treafon as was alledgcd. They were pub- tickly torn with Pincers, and their bodies quartered. Notwithftanding they were not afliamed in their names after their death to publifh a confeffion of horrible Treafon, which they never confefTed whilft they were yet alive..

The King commanded alfo a Statue of the Admiral's to be broken AeciiuwMs in pieces, and burned, declaring him a Rebel, a difturber of the King- of /m««, /it. 3. dom, an Heretick, and an enemy to all good men. The Magiftrates alfo fentenced ihe Hofiel de Chdfiitlon to be razed to the very ground, and all his Pofterity to be deprived of Nobility, and made incapable of bearing any Office or polTeffing any goods in the Kingdom off r<?»cf. The King therefore difpatched his Grand-Frovoft-, with all diligence to feife upon his Wife and Children. But his eldeft Son, with the Widow- Lady his Mother-in -Law, the Wife of Td/j-w, zr\d Monfienrdelavaly the Son oi Andelot deceafed, were already fled fecretly to Genevan and the better to avoid their danger, went to live among thtSvpijfef'in the Canton o^Bearn. The youngejr Childr'en were condemned to death in theirtenderyears, coming tc that end, which in the variety of world- ly affairs accompanies the ruine of great Families.

At

Cent. 1^. of FRANCE. 27

At the fame time this execution was done in Parii, la Charite, which was ftilJ held by the Proceftants, was furprized by the Ge^s d' Arms of ihiYinkiO^Nevers.

The Town ofi^ocWwasche Town of greateft in:)portanceof all the reft of the Towns, that were yet in the hands of the Proteftancs. The King with a mighty Army befieged it by Sea and Land, which fiege be- gan in the Month of December.,' and endured antil the Month of July next following. The marvellous providence of God was feen in thisi *"'57?' fiege, for God fent anumber ofFiOies, called 5«r^o»»££j to the fupporc of the poor, during the time of the fiege ^ and at the end of the fiege the Fifhes were found no more in that coaft. ■

Sanferre, a Proteftant Town, after eight Months fiege was forced to furrendcr to Caftrita, the King's Lieutenant in thofe pares.

Upon the ninth day oi May 1S72.. Henry Duke ofy4«/o*, waswith a general confent chofenKingofPoZ-^w^. Wherefore, he'having.Iong' befieged Rochet, and feeking to come off from that fiege with fuchrllode-i ration, that his reputation might be fafe, and the minds of his new fub-' jefts not unfatisfied, from whom he endeavoured to remove alHufpici- on of his taking away their liberty of Confcience, he proceeded n^£ fo violently againft the Proteftants , who now being quite tyred ouc^ defired peace. This was favoured by the Duke, and the City wa^" yielded upon thefe conditions : That the King fliould declare the Inhar bitants of Rochely Nifmesy and MontaHban., to be his faithful Subjefts, pardoning all faults whacfoever had been committed' by th'em during the Civil War, That in thofe three Cities he fhould allow the frfee^nd publick exercife of, the Reformed ReligfOri, they mettmg together iii ftnall numbers, and without Arms, the Officers appointed for thatpur- ppfe being there among them. That in all other outward^ iHltters {except Baptifm and Matrimony j they (houid obferv^e the'Rices and Ho-" ly-daies obferved and commanded by tlie Church o'iRomt. That the! EJing fhould confirm all the liberties and priviledgesbfihofcthree'TowriSj riot permitting them to be in any parr dimi'niflied53fkerfed,or' Vi^latediThat th^ Rochellers filould receive a Governour of the King's appointment ( Kut without a Garrifon ) who might freely ftay there, itihabit, go, and return into the City at his pleafure.' ThattheyftiouW be govern edfcy the Laws and Cuftoms with which they had b^en governed' under the Kings of Prance ever fince they were Subjefts to that' Crown. That- they (hould not lend any aid to thofe which (hcmld continue- up iri Arb's^ though of the fame Religion. That the ufe and ekercifc of tlie Ca-' tholique Religion fliould be reftorcd in thofe Cities Whenire it had been taken, leaving freely unto the Chuixh-m^i^-, not- only the Churches^ Monaftcries ,and Hofpitals, but likewife all thePr6fits and Revenues be^' longing ,to them. That all Lords of free Manoprs through i;he't^ing- dom might in their ownhoufes lawfully cdcbrate Baptifm and Mati?i-

Ddd 2 mony

28 %^t eccleSaftical ^i^oiv cent. »6.

mony after tbe manner of the Proteftants, provided the Aflcmbly ex- ceeded not the number often perfons. That there fhould be no Inqui- fition upon mens confciences, and that ihofe who would not dwell in ihe Kingdom might fell their Eftates and go live where they pleafed, provided it were not in places that were enemies to the Crown : And that for the obferving ihefe Articles, thcfaid three Cities fliould give Hoftages, which fliould be changed every three Months, and aiwayes fliould follow the Court. When thefe conditions were efta- biifhed, and the Hoftages given, which by the Duke were preftntly fcnt to the Court, ^JMonJieur de Byroriy the Governour appointed by the King, entred Rochcl with one of the publick Heraulds, took poffef- fion of the Government,and caufed the Peace to be Proclaimed. After which the Duke of yi^^jou (now King of Poland) having difmifled the Army, went with a Noble Train of Princes, Lords and Gentlemen^ unto the City of Pari^, where afTuming the title of his new Kingdom, and "having received the Polifli Ambafladours, he prepared lor his journey to go and take poffeffion of the Crown,

All the Proteftants dwelling in Languedoc, Dolphine and Provemei were offered thofe conditions which the RochelUrf hid embraced. But they craved liberty firft to aflemble themfelves together before they Ihould give their anfwer. Which being granted, and the Aflembly convened at Miliald, they craved thefe Conditions, viz.. That in every. Province of France two Towns might be granted unto the Proteftants for their further fecurity, and thofe Towns to be kept by the Guards of their own Souldiers , and have all their pay out of the King's Treafury : and that liberty fliould be granted to all that were cf their Religion, ta exercjfe the fame freely, without any exception of places. Alfo that all thofe that fliould be found guilty of the horrible Murtherscom-r miftedat Pans Aiiguji z^, fliould be feverelypunifl^ed. ■

The Queen-Mother when fhe had read the Conditions which were re- quired, faid with great indignation, That if the Prince of (onde bad- been in the midft of France with twenty thoufand Horfe-men, and fi&y thoufand Foot-ipeiij'yet would he not have required the half of thofe conditions. This great boldnefs of the Proteftants, putt'beEne- mies in fufpicion that the Nobles of France were confederate with them. About the fame time Count Montgomery had returned out of £;?- gland and taken fome Towns in Normandy,h\ii foon after he was befieged in -Dow/roHt^^aTown of iVorw^rwi:/)', where he is taken and fent toPoi-is, and condemned to death. This is that Noble man who had flain King- Henry the fecond with a Spear, whom King Henry would not fufPer to be harmed for it. But when be came into the hands of this cruel wonsan he muft die. She caufed divers of the Nobility to be imprifoned, and fpared not her,pwn Son the Duke of Alan^m. The Prince oiCondf: conveyed .away. hijnCelf fecretly into Cfrjwg;?^,

In

Cent. i6. Of FRANCE.

Ih November following after the bloody Maflacre a new Star was feen in the Conftellation oiCaJfiopeia, which continued full fixteen Months, being carried about with the daily motions of the Heaven. Theo- dore Bez.a wittily applyed it to that Star which fhone at the Birth of Chrift, and to the murthering of the Infants under Herod, and warn- ed Charles IX. King of France, who confeffed himfelf to be the Authour of that bloody Maflacre at Paris , to beware , in this Verfe.

Tu vero Her odes ftnguimlente cave.

^9

C^mKunh Hift.

And thou bloody Herod, lookjhoK to thyfelf. oinu. Ei,^a.

And he was not wholly deceived in his belief, for in the fifth Month after the vanifliing of this Star, King Charles died of a bloody Flix. As he had caufed much Protcftant blood to be fhcd, fo inhisficknefs before his death,great ftore of blood iflued out by vomiting, and by other r/„«„ jj;,^ . paflagesofhis body in the two laft weeks of hisficknefs, and in his bed '• 57. he could have little reft, but horribly Blafphemed the name of God, which he had accuftomed himfelf unto even from his Child-hood, Such was his unquietnefs and affrighiments in the night, that he endeavoured to appeafeitby Mufick.

Andrew Melvin hath thefe Verfes to QoarUs IX. dying withanunufu-r al Flux of, blood..

Naribm, ore., oculis, atque auribm undiqne ^ am,

Et fene erumfit cjhI tibi. Carle, cruor : Nen tHU* ifle cruor, S^fi£lornm at cade cruorem

$^cmfcrmhaii[tfii, concoqHerehaudfoteroi^

In thofe Verfes are comprifed both the caufe and manner of his ■

death. He died ^i»^ 30. 1574, before he was full. five and twenty years of Age.

As {ooT\z% Henry King of To/iiW heard of his Brother's death, . he returned privily and fpeedily , and was Crowned King of France,

Michael Hi jpitalim, Chancel lour of fr^wce vxii^t Charles \X. was T..7„..Tj«.a, removed from the Court, andmade a Prifoneras it were, only b^caufc '''-J*- he oppofcd thofe wicked Counfels againft the Proteftants in the Maflacre nVark. Deza minnoushim'xnhh hones illiijiriumviroriim. And Cr.o/;w ftilcs \\\m ,'UnicHmxvi noftridecus, the only ornament of otjr G™.Pr«'.aii Age. There are thefe of his Works publifhed. . Six Books of Epiftles ^°'^'^ in Latine Verfe. De Cahto exfugnato. Efifiqla or carmen cum /iliif. In the Preface to his Epiftleone faith, it appeared by a moft Ancient Coyn, that he much refemblcd Arijiotle. . Summum ilhrnom-

mum .

?o Xlje cccicOailtcai l^iHo^p Cent. id.

nium Vhilofofhornm principem AriftoteUmfic ore toto retulit^ ut alteriat tx alter 0 I mago exprejfa videri pojfet.

At this time flouriflicd Michael Montanm., or aJPftchael de Mon- »*t?^«e,Knight of the Noble Order of St. Michcel^ivA one of the Gentle- men in Ordinary to the frenchYM\% HenryWl. his Chamber. Jiis elegant Books of Mifcellanies written x^french^ are by him modcftly ftyled Effayes^ or 'vJMoral^ Politick^znd Military DifcoHrfes, He hath thereby gotten a great opinion of his Learning and Wif- dom, and Rome hath chofen and adopted him for one of her Ci- tizens".

Charles, Cardinal oiLorairiy dieth December 23. 1574. of a Frenzy in the midft of a cruel tempeft, and violent whirl-wind which unco- vered the houfes, and loofened the bars of Iron in the CarthHfiam Covent inthe Suburbs of ^w^»ow.

According to the advice of the Qneen-Mother, the King aflaults the Proteftant Towns in Provence, Lauguedoc and IDolfhine't Lnjignan was befieged, and yielded upon Compofition. Po«/7« is befieged, and taken : but the Town oi Libera in Do/p^«»e,though befieged, was not ta- ken. In Languedoc, D'anville, although he was of the Roman Religi- on, yet hadjoyned himfelfcotheProteftants, and took ^^'//as.-J^/or/fJ, a Town of great importance in thofe Parts, with many other Towns. In Dotphine Mombrim was chief Commander, and had great fuccefs in his attempts. But in the end being fore wounded he was taken befide Via a Town in 'Dolphine^ and by the Commandment of the King and Queen-Mother was carried to ^renoble, and there was execated in the fight of the people.

The Prince of Conde had required help of Cafimire the Son of Count Palatine^ who had alfo condefcendedtofuccour theProteftants. The Conditions they agreed on were thefe. That they fhould not lay down their Arms until that liberty were obtained to the Prote- ftants fully to enjoy their own Religion. And likewife that Cafimire fliould have the Towns oinJHetis^Tidlion., and Ferdttm in his hands, befides other Towns in all the Provinces of France^ which the Pfote- ftantswereto require for their further affurance, and as pledges of the King's fidelity and faithfulnefs to them.

The Army of the Germans and French entered into France under the Prince of (fo«</^ and Cafimire^ and came forward to CharoJfmiKj a Town in BoHrbon., not far from MoUns, where Alan^on the King's Brothet joyned with them : and the whole Army conjoyned, was found to be of horfe-men and foot-men thirty thoufand. The King of Navarre at the fame time departeth from Court, and returneth into his own ■Country. The Army draws near to Parti, but at length was concluded upon certain Conditions. That C<?yw»;Vf fhould receive from the King a great fumm of money inftead of thofe Towns which fhoiild have been

put

Cent. Td. Of FRANCE. 31

put in his hands : and that liberty fliould be granted to the Prote- ftants to exercife their own Religion openly and freely without excepti- on of places ; the Court and the City of Paris mth?. few leagues about only excepted. They were alfo declared tobe capable of places in Par- liament, »nd Courts of Juftice: and all Judgements which were made againft them for any enterprize whatfoever, were declared void -, the cruel day of St. B'^rrtholomexv difavowed -, and for better alTurarice and performance of thefc conditions, they had eight Towns delivered unco them, with the Conditions of their Governments. Aqites Mortes, Bsnecaire^ Perigneiix^ he mas de VerdtWy Nians, Tiffure^ L* grand tour. The Edift of Pacification was Proclaimed May lo. 1576. and an end was put to the fifth Civil War in francs for Re- ligion.

By the Bull of Pope Gregory'^\W. fent into Frame Anno 1575. we may fee all the Judges Royal both fuperiour and inferiour utterly defpoiled of the Cognifanee of criminal Caufes. The Sixteenth Arti- cle is this, We 'Excommunicate and anathematiz.e all and every one the videCoIleS, MagiflrateSf Comjellours, F.re/idents, Auditors^ and other Judges, by '^'^'aomatior Vfhat name foever they be called^ the ChanceHonrSy Vice-Chancelhursy Pontif. in fine. Notaries, Regijiers, and Executors, their fervants and others which "^J^^'^m^mo- haveany thing to do, in vehat fort or manner foever, with Capital or Cri- tuumproprio minal Caufes again fi Ecclefiafiical perfons, in baniping or arrejiing '^""'•P'3"' them, fajpng or fronouncing fentence agttinfl them, and pitting them. in Execution, even under pretence of any privtledges granted by the See ey^pofiolick. Upon what caufes, and in what tenour and form foever, to Kings, Dukes, Princes., Rcpubliques, Monarchies , Cities, and other Potentates, by what name and title foever they be called, which we wilJ not have tobeufeful to them in any thing,repea!ing them all from hence- forth and declaring them to be nullities.

The twelfth Article fpeaks on this fort. We Excommunicate all and every the Chancellours, yice-Chancellours, Counfellours, Ordinary and Extraordinary, of all Kings and Princes, the Trejidents of Chanceries, Councils, and Parliaments, as alfo the Attorneys General of them and other Secular Princes, though they be in Dignity Imperial, Royal, T)u- cal, or any other, by what name foever it be called •, and other judges^ as well Ordinary, as by Delegation •" as alfo the Archbifiiops, Bsjhops, Abbots, Commendatories, Vicars, and Oncers., who by themfelves or by any other , under pretence of Exemptions, Letters of Grace, or other Apoflolical Letters do fummon before them our Auditors , Commif- faries and other Ecclefiafiical Judges, with the caufes concerning Be- nefices, Tithes, and other Jpiritunl matters, or fuch at are annexed to them and hinder the courfe of them by any Lay-authority, and inter pofe them-' ff Ives tQ take Cognifanee of them in the quality of Judges.

This

%M€aMuttittCl ifiHO^P Cent. 16.

This is not all, for in ihe following Article he goes yet further, striking an heavy blow at the Ordinances oiihe. French Kings. Thofe alfo vrhich under frete/jce of their Office^ or at the Infiance of any tnaru X^hatfoever^ draw before themto their "Bench , Audience, Chancery ^Coun- cil or Parliament y Ecclejiafitcal ferjons , Chapters, Covems, and Colledaes of unchurches^ or caufs them to be brought tn queflion before them-, or procure them directly or indireclly^ under vphat colour joever, iieyond the appointment of the Canon Law : Thofe alfo which ordain and fct forth Statutes., Ordinances, Conftitutions, Pragwatiqiies, or other Decrees rehatfoever ., in general or in fpecial , for any canfe or colour whatfoever, even under pretence of Apoftolical Letters, not now in practice., or repealed ^ or of any Cufom or Priviledge, or any other 7r,anner whatfoever : or that wake ufe of them when they are made and ordained, when by them the Ecclefiaftical liberty is abolifioed, impaired, deprejfed, or refi'rained in any manner whatfoever, or who da any prejudice to our Laws, and thofe of our See direBly or indirectly, implicite-iyorexplicitely.

See yet another which follows after this. Thofe Ukewije vpho do any ways hinder the Archbipops, BiJJwps, and other Prelates fnperiour and inferiour , and all other ordinary Ecclejiafiical Judgts , in the exercife of their Ecclefiaftical jurifdiBion againft any perfon , according as the Canons, the facred Conftitutions of the Church, the Decretals of General Councils, and principally that of Trent do or' dain. There is further in the fame Bull fome Esconamunications againft thofewhich appeal from the Pope's Sentence to General Coun- cils ; Againft thofe that hinder Clergy or Lay-men from going to plead at Rome, which is a remaikable thing. Againft Kings and Princes which make the fruits of Ecclefiaftical Livings to be fequeftred i:pon any occafion whatfoever, which concerns the right of the Crown. Againft thofe which impofe any Tenths, Subfidies, or other Taxes. AU this was levell'd againft i he rights of the King, and the liberties of the Galilean Church . raxi A Bull had been granted h^'Po^t Alexander V^ in the year 1500. toeSc.deXon. for the union of the Parifli-Church oi Doway, with the Chapter of the benef. num. aS- (^athedral-Church of the fame place. But the Parliament of Parn ^;; upon the appeal , as from abufe, exhibited from the Curate ofDoway, V^sl'ir't. '■!■■ ' to ftop the Execution of it, difannuUed the union by an Arreft of the firft of May I57S- feecaufe there wanted a Writ for Commifiion In Tartibw. Divers other unions befides have been declared to beabu- five, becaufe they were made without theconfent of the Lay-Patrons j and the Bulls have been annulled, as well by the Psrliaments, as by the Grand Council.

KmgCharles IX. in his demands oftheCouicil of Trent, required

a reformation oUhtzhuksoi Fraternities, That Council found no-

^ ' ^ ■ ~ ' thing

Cenc. i6. Of FRANCE. 35

thing to be correfted in them, but tacitely confirmed them, by ordain- ing. That the Adminiftrators of ihem fliall give account of their Admi- niftration every year unto the Ordinary. We read , that Leagues and Monopolies, and Confpiracies againft the State, have been hat- ched in fuch Fraternities as thefe, and that diforders and other unlaw- ful things have been committed among them. They have been prohi- bited in all well policied Kingdoms and Common-wealths ; and par- ticularly in France : where we muft obferve, That as they have been Inftruments of trouble anddifTolutenefs , fo they have been judged hurt^ ful to peace and concord. And for chatreafon they arecondemncd by the Edids and Declarations of ths French Kings, as the Mothers, or Cat leaft ) the Companions of Confpiracies. For they arefo joyn- ed together by the fame Ordinances, as in that of King Henry 111. af September 1577. A/idallLeagueSj AJfociation!, and Fraternities^ made or to he made^ under any pretence whatfoever, to the prejudice of this our EdiEi, ^liall be utterly void and of no ejfett . And in that of the fame Prince given the 20. oiDecember in the fame year. We ex- prefly forbid all our faid Subjeds, of what quality foever they be, to begin, make, or pro(ecute any League, Aflbciation, or Fraternity among themfelves , to the prejudice of our faid Edid of Paci- fication.

The forty fourth Article of the Conference of F/^;*: faith in exprefs terms. All the fore faid (t'/x,. Provofts, Majors, Confuls, Sheriffs of Towns, drc. mentioned in the former Article ) and other Subjeds whatfoever of this Realm, of what Condition foever, fhall depart from, and renounce all Leagues, Aflbciations, Fraternities and Intelligences, as well within the Realm as without.

'D\iV.tCafmire had ho fooner turned his hitkko'ca France, but they began to find the Peace to be counterfeit, being made only todifarm them, and to divide the Commanders. ThePrinceof CeWe firftfelc the breach of thefe Fromifes. They deny him his Government of ''Picardy. Veronne is feized upon. Divers enterprizes upon the Princes perfon, make him to leave the Duke of ^/.i;7f(7», and to retire into G'/«- enne io the King of Navarre, ( who had before declared himfelffor the Proteftants, j and whom thofe of iJoc^f/ received into their Town with much honour on June 28. All fuch of his Train as they fufpeded were excluded.

Upon denial oiPeronne,\.\\e. King granted to the Prince the Town of S. Jean d' Jnieit: but the Inhabitants had a Watchword. and a mutual Oath (after the manner of a private League, mide by fixty Gentlemen of Toitoii, whowould havenoexercifeof any Religion bat the Catholick) to maintain one another, and not to give accefs toany oneofwhat Re- ligion foever, to the end their quiet might not any way be di^iurbed. The Prince finding thijs repulfe, caufed fome Captains to enter fecretiy,

Eee "and

34 %t^t ettUdmtal i^tftO^P Cent. 1 6.

and fo aflured himfelf of |:he place. But finding this place toa weak for the afTurance of his Perfon, in the end oi Ociober he takes Brovage, jiftrong place near unto ^ffc^f/.

The Prateftants complain unto the King, that in divers places they are difturbed in the exercife of their Religion, granted by the Edift.. That many Preachers move the people to Sedition. That the Cham- bers of both Religions are not ercded , and that juftice is denied them. That both gteat and fmall bandy againft them.. And they pro- duce ample proofs of thefe complaints.

Now thofe of the houfe of Guife ftudied to difcover thofe terrible Projefts which they had long hatched. Their chief defigns were to overthrow the fucceffion brought in by Hugh Cafet in the full affem- bly of the States, and tocaufe thenaming of a Succeflburto be fubjeft unto the f aid Elates • to caufe the Princes of the blood that (hould op- pofe againft the Decrees of the Eftates, to be declared incapable to fucceed unto the Crown. And the refidue, of what qualities foever. Noble-men, Gentlemen, and others, to be degraded of their Digni- ties : the money growing of their Confifcations to be employed for the War, and their Bodies to be executed. To make the Eftates protefl to- live and die in the Faith fet down by the late Council of Trent, to caufe it' to be figned in the open Parliament. To revoke and difannul all pub- lick Edidsj in favour of the Proteftants and their AfTociates, and to purCue them to the death that fhould hinder the extirpation of Here- De serrej Hift. fies. To caufc the King to revoke the Promifes made unto the Prote- in vit.HeOT;jin. ftants ; and to prefcribe a certain time unto their Affociates, in the which they (hould prefent themfelves before the Ecclefiaflical Judges- to be abfolved •, and then to be fent unto the King , to purchafe pardon, of the Crimes committed againft his Majefty. To caufe the King to make the Duke of (J/i?/^ his Lieutenant General, a Perfon fit to encoun- ^S-i^^ion! ter the Rebellion of Princes, that fhould feck to hinder the effedof the precedent Articles. To caufe Judges to be appointed to examine the crime committed by the Duke oi AUn^on ., declaring himfelf Ghie£ of the Hereticks. To caufe the faid Duke to come to Court, with the King of Navarre, and the Pritice of Cew^e', and to feize upon the faid Duke, King, and Prince, and all their Accomplices. That the Cap- tains that fhould be under the Duke of Guife^ihouXii put all Proceftants and adherents to the Sword, both in the Country and in Walled Towns,. To fubdue the revolted Princes, To be Matters of the field : To block up the Towns that were oppofite , and to put all to fire and fword that fhould make head againft them. Then to take exemplary punifhment of the Duke of AUn^ on ('now henceforth to be called the Duke ofAnjou,) and his Complices. Then by the Pope's confcnt to put the King and Queen i»to a Monaftery, as King Pipin in former time had done Childe- r;c:and in favour o^theRoman See to abolilh the liberties and priviledges > > ofthefrfwc^Church. ^ ^ Thefe

Cent. \6, Of FRANCE. ^^ 55

Thefe high projeds were hearkened unco, receivedand favoured in the Court of Rome. The Articles of ^his Affociation were firft drdwn at Perome in Picardy, but difguifed with goodly (hews to bl'nltheta that would exaoaine them more exacftly ; which were , To maintairt the Law of God, to refiore the holy fervice thereof. To frefcrye the King and his Succejfonrs in the Efiate^ T>ignity^ Service, and Obedi- ence due unto him by his SHbjebis. T» refiore unto the Efiates of the Realm their Rights, Preheminenciei and Ancient Liberties. And for the execution of thefe Articles, a certain form of Oath was propound- ed, infliding pains of eternal damnation to the Affociates, that for any pretext whatfoever fhould withdraw themfelves from this League 5 and a Bond for fuch fhould be enrolled, to employ their goods, perfons, and lives, to punifh, and by all means to ruine the enemies and pertur- bers thereof, and to punifhthera that fhould fail, or make any delays by the Authority of the Head, as he fhould think good.

This being done, many Pofls went to and fro carrying the news of thefe defigns. They caft many Libels through the Streets in many great Towns. They murmure that the Proteftants are too much fup- portedr by the Edid:. And under this plaufible nameof the Church, the people give ear to fuch as are ready to thrufl: them into Mutiny. The King was daily advercifed of thefe things. But on the other fide he hated the Proteflants, and fought to ruine them by degrees, but not by any Inftruments without his Authority. His Mother likewife hated them to the death. She caufeth the Duke her Son to come to the Court, and the King to be reconciled to him.

The King calls an AlTembly of the States at Bloyes, where Peter X £//i/«<2cArch-BifIiop of Lions, and the Baron of Seiieccy are Speakers, the one for the Clergy, the other for the Nobility : and both con- clude a publick Exercife of one only Religion inFrance. Peter Verforis^ Advocate in the Court of Parliament in Paris, Oratour for the third Eftate, infills on the Union of all the Kings Subjefts in one Religion, but by mild means and without War. The King feemed to encline only to alter fome Articles in the laft Edids of Pacification, and not to abolifhit quite.

But at length the King confenteth to root out all other Religion but the Popifh, to banilh all Miniflcrs, Deacons, and Overfeers of the Reform- ed Religion, and yet to take all his other Subjeds of the faid Religi- on into his protedion, attending that by better inftrudions they might be brought into the bofome of the Church. But the King of Navarre, the Prince of Conde, the Marfiial of zJ^iontmorency., d' jinville, and other Noble-men, both of the one and the other Religion , refufing to afTift at this prefent Parliament, conclude a nullity of all that was Decreed to prejudice the Edid ot Pacification, protefting to maintMn themfelves in the Rights, Liberties and Freedoms which the laft Edid

E e e s had

l6 %\^t etMiminX^X^m Cent. \6,

had granted them. The King of Navarre befeecheth the Eftates by the Duke of Mont pen fer fwhowasfent unto him) not to infringe the Edift of Peace-, but to fuffer theProteftants to enjoy that which had been fo formerly granted. He defireth time to attend the opinion of an AfTemblyofthofe of his Religion, andoftheCatholick-Aflbciates which was to be fhortly made at Jldontauhoj}.

The Prince of (/?neie anfwers more fharply, That he doth not ac- • knowledge the AfTembly at Bloys for the Eftates of the Realm, but a Conventicle of perfons corrupted by the fworn enemies of the Crown, who have follicited the aboliiion of the Edift to the fubverfion of the Realm. That he hath alwaies honoured the Clergy and Nobility, but he pities the people, whom this Affembly at Floys fought to ruine.

The chief of the Politicks declare, that they adhere not to any other Religion than that of their Fathers, but* they are againft the taking from the Proteftams the publick Exercife which had been fo folemnly allow- ed theth. The Duke of nJ^fontfenfier ("being returned) perfwaded to have the Edift confirmed. JohnBodin ^ a man famous for Learn- ing and experience in State- affairs, one of the Deputies of the Com- mons of r>rfKi««'^«'j, fiieweth to the AiTembly how ruinous and fa- tal the new taking up of Arms would be, repeating from the beginning all the dangers and miferies of the late Wars, which made adeepim- preffion on the minds of the third Eftate. But the other Orders being byalTedand pre-ingaged, it was determined by plurality of voices, that requeft fhould be made unto the King, to eftablidi only the Ramijh Religion in the Kingdom, and to exclude for ever all Communion with the Hitgonots. Neverthelefs Bodin procured certain words to be en- tred in the Records of the Order of Commons, to certifie their defire of unity in Religion without th€ noife of Arms, and the neceffity of War.

This Bodin was a man eminent as well among Proteftants as Papifls, though himfelf profefled the Romijh Religion. His Learning and skill in Politicks , appears in his great Book de RepMica. ThuanM high- ly commcndeth his writings. I^offevine diflikes his Methodiu Hiflori- C0, becaufe he makes luch honourable mention of the Proteftants there. Some commend his Theatrnm Naturae, for a choice piece, a Book full of natural curiofities.

The King gives notice to his Governours, and publilheth by his Let- ters Patents, that he is refolved to grant the Eftates their requefts touching the Exercife of one only Religion. And thus the fii^th Civil War begins in (jaienne.

During the Parliament the Deputies of the Low Countries demand fuccours of the King, and the Duke of Anjoit for Proteftour of their liberties againft the jnfolencies of the Spaniards, jinjoit is now decla- red

Cent. i<$. of FRANCE.

red the King's Lieutenant General. They deliver him a mighty Ar- ray, with which ( contrary to the Oath taken by him in the obrervati- on of the accord, and promife paff'd with the Prince of ^9«flfe and Duke Cafmire ) he befiegeth and taketh L^-Charite by Compofition , and Tfoire in Avergne by force, where the blood of the Inhabitants fhed without pity by the Duke oi Anjou, confirmed the Proteftants in the bad opinion they had conceived of him.

The Dukioi Mayenne fends forth a Navy to Sea under the Com- mand of Lafjfac^ which coming before the Ifle oiRe, retired, feeing the Iflanders refolved to fight if they approached. The Rochellers Arm feven Ships, thofe of the Iflands five, entreating aid from HoUand and Zealand, to withftand the force of the Fleer. The Nobility invite all others to charge themfelves willingly for the maintenance of this Army. tJMayenne aflaulteth Brovage , a little fquareTown built in a Marfh, recovered out of the Sea, fortified during the third Peace: and after the Rochellers had cut ofFfiS hundred of his men, the Town : foi; want of Viftuals entred into Capitulation, and departed Augitfi 28. 1 577.with their Arms and Baggage, leaving the place at the Duke's devotion.. But a Peace was concluded at PBiStiers, and was in the end of September Proclaimed with great joy of either party. This laft Edidt cut offfome Articles of the fortner, made no mention of Srrangers, left their confciences free, yet without exercife of Religion, but in Towns and places where then it was publickly ufed : in the houfes of Gen- tlemen Feudataries or ('as they call them J ^^e Haute j/tfilce, free ad- mifiion was given to every, body : but in the houfes of private Gentle- men, not above the number of feven was allowed, and in a prefixed place, in every jurifdidion and Baily-wick, except in Parti and ten Leagues about it, and two Leagues compafs from the Court, wherefo- ever it fhould be.

But the Marfhal D'anville (who every day withdrew himfelf fur- ther from the Proteftants ) ceafed not to profecutc thofe by whom he pretended to be injuriedin Languedoc , under colour of reducing the places of his Government under his own Command. Nor did the Siettr des Diguieres in Dolphn/e dare to truft the Peace, nor hazard him- felf upon the King's word , remembring what had befallen Mot:- - hrun, in whofe company he had made War, and therefore ftill conti- nued Armed for his fecurity. And the Papifts when they faw the Pro- teftants meet at their Sermons, could not fufFer them without mur- naurings and detractions , which occafioned many contentions, and fometimes dangerous bloody accidents , whereby a great part of France (though the Peace was made ) continued ftill in broyU and . infurredions.

About that time the King created two Marefchals , tnen valiant in War, and very prudent in Government, viz. Arnnnid Slew de Byren,

and ■>

37

^^8 iLljeccclefiaGicailflllo^p Cent. i6

and Jaqiies Sieur de Matignon ^ men free from the Interefts of ihe Duke oiCmfe^ depending wholly upon the King's will. AnA Renato di Birago, the High Chancellour , being made Cardinal, Thilif /f«- rmlt, y'lfcount de Chivcrny is chofen in his place.

In the year 1579. the King (hews himfelf in piiblick for a mirronr of .Reformation and Piety : he builds many Monafteries , Chappels, and Oratories, undertakes many Pilgrimages on foot, confirms the brother- hood of Psmtents., crefts the Order of Jeronomites, is daily converfanc with the Cafuchins and pucillans, called Jefuites, and by their in- ftruftions erefts many Congregations* He carrieth a Crucifix and Beads in- Procefiion, with a Whip at his Girdle* He caufeth many Books of Devotion to be Printed : And leads a Life more befitting a Cloyfter than a Court. He inftitutes the Order of The Knights ef the Holy Ghoji, binding them to Conditions which carry a ftrift bond to the Church of ,^owf.

The Duke of ^njou dies, and now the King oi Navarre is by quality the firft Prince of the Blood, and firfl: Peer off r<?ffce, and moft part of France caft their eyes upon him as upon the Sun rifing.

Thisamazeth theDukeof6'«>/e and his adherents, they afTemble the Heads of their houfe at St. Dennii., and endeavour to renew the Catho- lique League, which before was almoft laid afide -. for feeing that the King ballanced the forces very carefully with thofe of the ii/>ir^o«ot Lords, and that he would not fupprefs that party, which ( as they be- lieved ) he might eafily have done, and that under feveral pretences he devefted all the dependants of both Fadions of their places and ho- nours, to beftow them upon fuch as fhould acknowledge them meerly from himfelf, they were the more highly incenfed. Nor could it fa- tisfie them to fee the King taken up with Religious thoughts, and -addided to a quiet unaftive life : for they knowing his nature, where- with they had been converfant from his very Childhood, interpreted that courfe of life to fubtildeep diflimulation.

Wherefore the Duke of Guife^ a man of a very quick infight, difcern- ing judgement, and high thoughts, determined to prevent, andnotftay to be prevented. In which refolution he was feconded by his Brother Loitis the Cardinal, a man of an high fpirit, and great wit, as alfo by Henry oi Savoy Duke oi Nemours^ and Charles Marquefs oiSan-Sor- lin ( both Sons of Anna d' Efie\ and therefore his Brothers by the Mother ) Charles oi Lorain Duke oiAHmale, and Qaiide his Brother, a Knight oijernfalem, Charles of Lorain Duke d' Elhettf^ Effianuel Duke de Mercure, and his Brothers* Only Charles Duke of May' f»«e proceeded more fiowly than rhe reft, who thinking how dange- rous it would be to hazard their fafety by rafh refolutions , advifed rhem to prsceed with more patience, and more refped: toward the iawful poffeflbur of the Crown. But the Duke of (^nife refolute in

his

Cent. 1 6r Of F R AKC E. ~" 3^"^

his thoughts, by the Authority of his Perfon,Vivacity of his courage,and Eloquence ofhisLanguage,drew all the reft to hisOpinion; and excluding his Brothers advice fetled all his thoughts upon the machinations of the League, for the eftablifliment whereof, diflembling his difcontents no lefs than his jeoloufies and private interefts, he made fhew of ftirring only for the. refpeds of Religion, and the general good, making an ill interpretation of all the King's adions, and with many arts and cir- cumftances aggravating that danger which he pretended hung over the Catholick Religion in France,

He grounded his fears upon the death ofrthe Duke of Alan^on, and the Queens barrennefs, which in the fpace often years had had no Son, '

whereby the King dying without heirs of the houfe of Vdoii^ the Crown fell to the Princes ofBmrbon, and in the firft place to the King oi Navarre, whom he termed arelapfed Heretick, and an open enemy to the Roman Religion. He urged, that his coming to the Crown, would be the univerfalruine of Religion, and the total Converfion of all France to the Dodrine and Rites oi (^alvin, and therefore fhewed how all good Catholicks were obliged to look to it in time, and to prevent i^^'--; Hift.oP the terrible blow of that imminent fubverfion. He fhewed, that when of fi«ce. iih 7. fometimes he had been conflrained to make War againft the King of Navarre, he employed the Marefchal de Byron, who ( though a Ca- tholick in outward appearance J was yet by many former proofs known to be a favourer of the Hugonots , and interefled in their Fadions, that therefore he had lately taken (jeneva into his Protedion, fiiewing dearly to all the world how little he efteemed the Catholick Religion, and how much he was inclined to the enemies of the Bifhop and See of Rome. That therefore he had excluded all the Catholick Lords from- any accefs to the Court, or adminiftration in the Government -, par- ticularly thofe who had fpilt fo much blood for the prelervation of the Kingdom and Religion ; and had brought in a new people that were privy to his defigns, and friends to the Houfe of Bourbon. Thst therefore he deprived all the old Servants of the Crown of all their Offices and Honours, of the moft Principal Governments, and moft fufpeded Fortrefies, to^ut theai into the hands of men that were Catholicks infheWjbut really partial to Hereticks, and inwardly adhe- rents to the King oi Navarre. He added, that notwitbftanding the King's publick (hews of Devotion, yet in his private Lodgings he gave himfelf over to the unbridled lufts of the flefh, and to the pervcrfe fatisfyingof his loofe depraved appetite. From which things fet forth with many fpeciousreafons, he concluded it was time to unite them felves for their own defence, and to deftroy thofe defigns before they were brought unco perfedion.

Now the Duke of Gulfs by means of the Preachers and Friers in

Pulpits

'^ %^t euittia^mimttoiv cent. 16.

pulpits and other places of Devotion, labours to infinuate the Catho" lick League into the People.

An:iong ihefe the chief were GuilUaime de U Rofe, a man of great elo- quence, who came afterward to be Biiliop of Senla •, Jean Prevoft^ chief Prieft ofS. Sram«, an eloquent and learned man-, Jehan Bou- cher \yi birth a Panfian, and Curate oiS.Benet's Parilh in the fame City-, onePtf«fff, aFrier in the Abby of S. P^fn'ci^at Meltm -^ Don, Chrijttn oi Niz-z^a, \n Provence, Siwd JehanVmceftre^ all famous Prea- chers. And finally, moil part of the yf//«>e^. And as thefe profecu- ted the bufinefs of the League in Paris, the fame was done at Lions by Claude Mattel, a Prieft of the fame Society at Soiffons, by Mathew de Laimoy Canon of that Cathedral : at Roven by Father Egide Blovin of the Order of the z^iinims ; at Orleans by Boitrlate a very noted Divine .^ at Thoitl by Francois de Rof.er , Arch-Deacon of that Church, and an infinite number of others difperfed through the feve- ral places oi France, who by their Credit and Eloquence, iometimes in their Fulpits, fometimes in the Congregations of the Penitents, fome- times in their fecret conferences at Confellions , did allure the people, and entice them to enter into that Combination ; which ic ■is likely very many did, out of a refped: to Religion, believing that thereby the Calvinifts would utterly be rooted out, and the Authori- ty of the Church be reftored to its priftine greatnefs. But many entred into that League invited by other ends, and drawn to it by diffe- rent hopes, orelfe neceffitated by their particular interefts, though all (hrouded themfelves under the fame cloak of the prefervation and maintenance of Religion. CW/f; Cardinal oi Bourbon, the third Bro- ther of Anthony King of Navarre, and Lonys Prince of Conde deceaf- ed, and Unkle to Henry x.ht^r:dtntYi\x\goi Navarre, is defired for the Headof theLeague,aman alwaies moffcobfervantofthe^sw/ffc Rehgion, and an open enemy to the Hugomts. Then the Preachers did publick- ly in all places term the King a Tyrant, and favourer of Hereticks ; the people did applaud them, and from this deadly hatred which they had conceived againft the King, his Council and favourites, fprung that fury which foon after was difperfed over aU the body of 'France.

On Jjtly 15. 1582. Renauldoi Beaune, Archbifhop of ^^wrg-^/, and Primate of Aquitain had then fpoken at Fomtainhleau in this (ort. The whole Church Chriftian and Catholick alTifted by the Legates and AmbafTadours of the Emperour, of this your Kingdom, and of all other Chriftian Princes ^ Did call, aftemble, and celebrate the Coun^ cil oiTrent, where many good and wholefome Conftitutions, ufeful for the Government of the Church, were ordained. To vvnich Council all the Legates and AmbafTadours did folemnly fwear, in the behalf of .their Mafters, to obferve and keep, and caul'e it to be inviolably kept by all . " " ' ' ' ' ' their

Cent. \6. Of FRANCE. -^i

their Subjefts : yea even the Ambafladours of this your Kingdom fo- lemnly took that Oaih. Now it is received, and obferved by all Chri- ftian Gatholick Kings and Potentates, this vv:ingdorn only excepted, which hath hitherto deferred the publication and.receiv!..g of it, to the great fcandal oftheFrfwfc Nation, and of the Title, MOST CHRI- STIAN, wherewith your Majefty and, your Predeceflour^ have been honoured J fo thatundercolour of fome Articles touching ihe liberty of the Gullican Church, the ftain of Schifm refteth upon your Kingdom anaong other Countries. Wherefore the Clergy doth now moft hum- bly befeech your Majefty, that you would be pleafed to hearken to this publication , and makean end ofallto theglory of God,andthcunionof his Church.

There was a Nuncio from the Pope who arrived in fr^^we in the be- ginning of the year 1583. who profecuted this matter with great vehe- mency ; yet for all this he could not move King Henry III. at all, the King of iST'^z/^rr^ having written to King //ewji III. concerning it, the King ol trance made him this anfwer.

Brother^ Thofe that told you, that I rvonUcaufe the Council of TrCT\t to he puhliped-, vaere not well-informed of tny intentions, for I never fo much as thought it. Nay, I know well how fuck fublication would be ■prejudicial to my affairs, and I am not a little jealota of theprefervati- on of my Authority, the priviledges of the Church of ¥rancej and alfo of the obfervation of my EdiEi of Peace. But it was only propofed unto me, to cull out fome certain Articles about Eccleftajtical Difcipline, for the Reforming of fuch abifes as reign in that State, to the glory of Cod, the edifying of my SubjeBs,and withal the difcharge of my confci- ence : A thing which never toucheth in thofe Rules which I have fit down in my EdiBs for the Peace and tranquillity of my Kingdom, which Irvill have inviolably kept on both fides.

On OUober 1^. 1585. the Biihopand Earlof i\7o;'e« inthename of the Clergy affembled in the Abbey of St. German near Paris, prefen- ted to the King a Book, written by the advice of the Prelates of the Council of Trent. They told him. They brought unto him the Book of the Law of God, which thry humbly entreated him to receive.

- The Provincial Synodhcld at /Juw^ made this inftance to the fame Prince. After that a good number of BiJIiops and Proxies for thofe that were abfent, together with EcclefafticaL Per font, from all quarters of our Province of Normandy, were met in our ^Metropolitan Church at Roan, they tendered nothing more than eamcfily tofollicitc the pub- HPnng and promulgation of the Council of Trent within this Realm. Wherefore this our. Affemblyby't'ommonconfent, have refolvedtoprefent their humble Petition to 'our hjofi Chriflian King in like manner as was formerly dene by the States of Bloys, and the Clergy convented at

Fff Ivlelun;

41 5t!jc ccclefiailicai l^ido^p Cem. 16.

Melun, that he would be f leafed for f roof of hU true Piety andReligio>iy to esjayn the publication of thefaid Coancilj Vf hereby the maintenance of the Church is well-providedfory vehich is obferved to he daily impaired and abated.

And the Provincial Council of eyiix in Provence, Anno 1585. Pe- tition the King at the beginning of the Afts, That he out of his fin- gular Piety, would command the CoUncilofTVraf iobepubliihed,which had foexadly provided againfl all dangers, wherein the Chriftian. Com- mon-wealth was then impugned.

We muft not think, that thefe carneft felicitations which the Prench Ecckfiafticks here made, did proceed Co much from them as frotn the Pope. One argument hereof which may be allcdged, is this, that they were not now interefled herein •, for moft of the Decrees which con- cerned them, were admitted •, and there was no default in the obferva- tion of them,, unlefs it were on their part : and one company of them were inferted intheEdid oi'Bloys, the reft in divers other Provincial Councils holden afterwards in France, the Canons whereof are to be feenin Print-, ztRoven 1581. ivBourges 15 84. at Ti?«rj 1585. and at Aix in Provence the fame year.

The better to countenance the League forementioned, it is prefented to Pope Gregory XIII, that be might blefs it. The Pope was wclU pleafed they Ihould attempt any thing againft the Proteftants, but he did not approve thofe Popular Rebellions which were made againft- a moft ChriftianKing, neither would he be the fire-brand of a War which he could not quench ; and fo he fent the Deputies back without any anfwer.

The King of Navarre caufeth the Deputies of the Proteftants to af- femble ut Alontauban, to refolve of the means to maintain themfelves , if the League (abufing the King's name and authority _) fhould fcek to offend them. The Duke oiE^ernon goeth alfo to the King of Navarre, to confer with him privately in the King's name.

The chief of the League prefume, That the King means to Arm, and to employ the King of Navarre's Forces againft them. They fend forth many Comraiffions in the King's name, that what they did might be thought as done for his Majeftie's fervice. The King in the end of March difavows them, and forbids all Leavies ofmenof War. The King made no War but by writing, feeking firft by gentle means tx) pacific them ; Hedeclares the Zeal he hath alwaies born to the Catho- iick Religion, and the neceflfity that forced him to a- Peace.. Then ha- ving promifed to reftore the Church to her beauty, to content the No- bility, to eafe the people •, he entreats, conjures, exhorts, and commands all Clergy-men, Gentlemen, Parliaments, and Towns Corporate, to abandon all Leagues and AfTociations, Jtnd to unite themfelves under- his obedience. ' "

'Tlie-

Ccnt.i6. > of FRANCE. "4^

The King oi Navarre I'lkQwiCe fets forth a Declaration : and where- as he was accufed of Herefy, he anfwerech, Thac he was born under the toleration of two Religions in France : That he wilJ leave that where- in he was bred, when by a Lawful Council they fhall fhew him another truth than that which he believeth. He faith, he is notrelapfed, fee- ing he was not fallen from his firft Opinion. That he is no en^my to the Catholicks, for that when the Edids had granted Liberty of Con- fcience , he prefently laid down Arms. That in all places he maintains his Subjcfts in the (ame Liberty as he found them after the deccafe of his Mother. That he hath requelled of the King a prolongation of the Towns which he holds for affurance ofthelxft Edid, and will deliver them before the time, fo as the League lay afide Arms, and yield un-- to the King the places they had feized. That whereas they declare him uncapable of the Grown, ittoucheth him very near^ yet doth he think leaft of it, hoping that God by his bounty will long preferve the King for the good of his Realm, and will give him ilTue to the grief of all his enemies.

The Queen-Mother ( accuftomed to fifh in troubled waters^ winkt at the Duke of Guife, She was contented the Duke (liouid terrifie the King, to make him abandon the Proteftants, and to force him to banifh his new Minions from Court, who had brought her in difgrace with the King her Son. Her ambition moved her hereunto, rather than any defirefliehad to advance the Duke, and to bring diforder and con- fufion into the. State, and to ftand alone in the midft of the fe furious tempefts.

The Heads of the League march with an Army of izooo- men to Verdun, a City upon the Confines of the Duke, of Xor<j»>/, which they take. And the Duke of Gitije being entred the City, drove out the Go- vernour with all his adherents, and placed Gtehtald in his place. The City ofThoul drave out the King's Officers, and freely gave up it felf in- to the hands of the League.

The Cky of Mirfei lies rifeth in favour of the League, but the Con- fpirators are fupprefled by the reft of the Citizens. They call the Grand- Prior of France , Governour of that Province, who was then at j^ix^ at whofe coming (though with but 200 Horfe J ihc Ton de la Garde was taken , and in it the Conful D.irics , and Captain Chabancs, who the next morning were executed , by which feverity the City was kept under the King's obedience. The fame happens at the City oi£ur- deaux.

Lionsy Bourges, and many other places in the Kingdom, fide with the League. The King laboureth to difunite the League, by drawing many particular men from that party^. as alfo the City of Lions: but feeing his defign fucceedeth not to his mind, he refolves toTrear an agree- ment with the Confederates. The Queen-Mother goes in:o Champagne

tffa la

44 %l)^- ccciefiaftical ttHOIV cent. \6.

to confer about it with the Duke oiGuife, and Cardinal of Bourbon, And after many Negotiations the Peace is concluded.

The Kingfay his Edift of j-«/jy 18. revokes all other Edifts in favour of the Proieftants, he con^mands their Minifters to depart the Realm, and all his Subjeds within fix Months tomakeprofeffibn of the^o»j?jfe Religion, or 10 avoid the Country. He approvesthe Leaguers Arms, as Levied for his Service, allows of their pretexts, and by fecret Arti- cles concluded at Nemours , contents them in all makers, only with this condition, to leave the League, and inftantly to lay down ArmSo - Ye: would they have in their power the Towns of Ch^lon^ Verdun^ Thoulf S. Dijier, Reims, Soijfons, the Caftle of Dijon, Beawne^ Rue in Picardy, Dinan and Coneq in Britain. They caufed the King to pay onethoufand two hundred and fix crowns, and two third parts for the Strangers which they had Levied. They had a difcharge for vaft fummes which they had taken upon the General Receipts. They ob- tained an hundred thoufand crowns to build a Citadel at Verdnn, j(nd entertainment for Guards on horfeback for all the Lords of the League. This Peace had made a great breach in the King's

Authority. ,. '"' ['..o' v • ,i- .^r -•'• : vJ

The King of Navarre^ feeing ffiis Clouclrfeacly to break upon his party, complains that the King hath Armed his enemies with his owrt ^ forces and Authority, againft his Eftate, his blood and himfelf. He

layes open by a publick Declaration the caufcs which riiade the League to take Arms, the vanity of their pretests, the fruit which all France may expeft by the Treaty of Nemonrs, 8cc. He protefteth by a Law- ful and neceflary defence to maintain the fundamental Laws of Fami- lies , and the Eftate^-and liberty of the King and the Queen his Mother.

Gregory XIU. being dead,- Pope, 5w'f/« V. his Succefibur, cafts out his lightning, againft the King of Navarre j3iud the Prince of Co»r de, he Excommunicates them, degrades them from all Digtiities, efpe- cially their pretenfions to the Crown of France, expofeth their Perfons and Countries as a prey to fuch as (hould firft feite on them.TheCourt of Parliament declares the Pope's Bull to be void. The Princes likewife proteft againft it, and appeal from it as abufive and Icandalous unto th,e next free and General Council. . , ,..,»./:

The King of Navarre caufeth the Pope's Bull tobeatvfwerecl, ahtj his appeal to be pofted up in Rome it felf on November 6. in the night. Ke writes to all the States of the Kingdom of France, exhorting them not to fuffer the rights of the Succeffion of the Crown of France to be decided in the Confiftory of Rome. Many Volumes were written againft an^i in favour of this^ Bull by the chiefeft Wits of £«- rope^ ' ' ' '

King

Cent, i6. ' of FRANC

45

King Henry the third caufed fome OMer s tt> be cried down "in the ' " City of Varii^ becaufe he was certified of the Confpiracies which they made againftthe State: it being notoriouflyknown , that the League was fworn in Tboloufe by the black Penitehtsy and tliaf'as m«ny t)f thefe Orders as are in fM»ce, didall coiifpiire to the like ends;

The French Exiles, who dwelt at Momfelgart in the Dutchy of I'Torrew^erj-jMid in the year 1586. firft folliciic the Divines there, and then the Duke Frederick^, That there might be a publick Conference between the German and French Divines about fome Conrroverfies between them. They aiTemble in zJMarch: the Duke was prefent all the time. On the one fide ^fidS'Jacbb Ayidrewes Ch'ancelJour ofT«- bing^ Luke Ojiander oiWortemberg^ zniiVfoCivilians horn the Duke. And on the other fide were Theodore Eez.a, and Antheny Faivu fit>m '^S'""'^- Epit ! - Geneva^ Abraham Mitfiulm , and two Civilians from Bern , and ccnt!''r6.''** Claudim (^Iberim from Laiifanna. Many were the Hearers. '"'• 4-"r-23» The Articles of which they were tb Difpute, were, i. Of t^e Supper of the Lord. 2. Of the|Pei^fon of Cfeift. ■• 3. OJlmages, Temples, and fuch like things. 4.' Concerning BapttftiiV' '^-5.- Of Pife. deftination. ' " ■ •''■' ■ '^'^^ii :'jo/! c-ii

The firft day, viz.. on March 21 . Thofe ofWorteTnUerg-givt in wri- ting Thefes of the Lord's Supper, (hewing thai:* all dB'agree that All doeat Chrift's flefh, and drink. his blood ^irifuslly r all do 'condemn the renting, of Chrift's flefh tvi^hradns teeth-, as alfo Tranfcbftantia- ' tion, and Phyfical or Local prefence/ So that the only Qi^eftToii is whether in the Supper the very body and blood of Ghrift, be verily and fubftantrally prefent, and be diftributed and received with the Bread and Wine by the mouilr ofall them whoiJ|ceive the' Sacrarrien'r whether worthy or unworthy,, believers or noT^elieversj'y^tfo that the believers bnly receiv^ coriiforti' and the tmbelleSfei^idy^t'to their owndamnation> ' ,..■-■'!■ -'■•-'i^iji ? \ _ .njit : r, rbi/iw ,',.;.} ;■.,!, •

We hold the afflrmative (^aytheyi,'7 thi^'fs; by'4li»fe #6Fa,?[^ /^, with, and under the Br^ad, 1 vrt uhde'rfland -nothing but t^iat they Pin-.EccieCHift, who eat that Bread, and drink rKacWiiie, do receive ChriftV^jbdy and cent, is.pm.j*. blood with the Bread and Wine. 2/ By the woi-ijsf^ S»bflan;ialh, EfentiaJly, 'Really^' and Ondly;^ wetiiean 'ri6'6thcrjt^t' cht i^o'y .briilg and prefehce' of his body and bl|odd.' 3 : They argbe' frbra the trutfi m" thrift's words, [_Thisis my body^ "] ^rid the- Almighty' power 'of Chrift, feeinghis words dechre his will, and by hiis pywer^ic: can give his body unto all Receivers. 4. The manner how the worthy and uii- worthy receive Chrift's body, is not ejjprefledin ScHpture ■ and we fay, it is fupernatural and incoojprehenfible'by the-«rttiof nrert\ and fiioiiffj notbe difputcd, nor curioully feiji'rched-. - ■■-"■'_"■,' ' ' .?"'"'■ ' < ' ■ *rhefe Thefes were given untd ^txrf, 'at ?t tVaj aj^diiited, i3nd.tli'i next day he brought his anfwer and Prop'ofitions. ' The SBBttin' is;

I. A

46 ■" Xl)e etCltUMal i^iUOt^ ' Gent.:K$.

I. A Sacrament inthe flriift fenfe, is a fenfibie thing appointed ( by D.vine inftitution ) to befeparated from common ufe to fignifie fpiritu- al and holy things ; and this iignification confifts not in a bare reprec

;-fcntacion, whereby the mind is admonifiied to conceive the thing fig- nified ( this is the ufe of Piftures ) but on God's part : with the figns is alfo a very giving of thyfe things which are fignified and offered unto our fouls. 2. We teach, that accordiag toChrift's Inftitution, by the Bread is fignified thrift's body, by the Wine his blood ; by break- ing of the Bread and pouring out of the Wine are fignified thofe grie- vous torments which he fuffered for us in his body and foul: by out-

. ward giving the Bread and Wine, the fpiritual giving the things fignifi- ed by Chrlft unto our fouls : by outward taking the figns is fignified the

. fpiritual receiving of Chrift by Faith Sacramentally and truly. 3 . The Sacramental union of the figns and things fignified confifts in a mutual relation , as is now faid : for the verity of Chrift's body (' which is local, and circumfcribed both before and after his glorification ) cannot confift otherwife. Again, many paflages of Scripture that (hew the

^ true and Phyfical afcending of Chrift from the Earth, and his return- ing from Heaven unto judgement, do confute the Daftrine of Co»y«&- Jiantiation. 4. When the word Sacrament is taken in a more large

• fcnfe, it confifts of two things, one Earthly, another Heavenly. We teach. That Earthly things are received by Earthly Inftruments, viz.. -. the Hand and Mouth 5 but the Heavenly things are apprehended only Spiritually by Faith : becaufe albeit Chrift's body is a truly Organical body, yet analogy requires, That fuch as the nourifhment and end there- of is,, fuch aifomuftbe the manner of receiving it. But the nourifh- ment and end ther^.is fpiritual, that is, . they concern ?our fpiritual union with Chrift ,Tmd eternal life through him. Therefore theman- rer of receiving thofe muftalfobe fpiritual, by the proper Inftrument of the foul, which is Faith. And therefore feeing the bodily receiving of theifigns, is a pledge of the fpiritual receiving, thefe words, ^Eat and Dyink.2 ^s they are properly fpoken of receiving the figns, fo are they fpoljen figuratively of the thing fignified , wz.. by a Sacramental Metonyij6y, whereby that which agreeth unto the figns, is fpoken of the things ;fignified , and fo both thofe receivings cannot be by the mouth. Again, if the fubftanceof Chrift's body were received bojily, itfliould remain in the faithful at leaft, and they fhould become the fubftantial or bodily members of Chrift, and fo the Church were not his myftical body, but a body verily and fubftantially confifting of the fubftance of his body, and of the bodies of all Believers. 5. Tiie pro- •per effeft of the Supper is. the falvation of the worthy Communicants by confirming their fpiritual union in Chrift: and another effeftcbut by accident) is the condemnation of them who cotae unworthily , that £5, ignorant of this myfteryj or cneerly incredulous and without re-

" " ^ pentancej

Cent. \6, Of FRANCE. 47

pentance j and this condemnation proceeds not from the Supper, but from the unworthy ufing of it.

Then unto the queflion ( as it was propaunded ) "Bez-a anfwered ne- gatively, not denying that the body ofChriftis truly offered unto all that come, but to be received by Faith, and not by the Mouth : and al- beit the whole Sacrament be tendered unto all that come, yet unbelie- vers receive only the figns, and they are guilty of Chrift's body and blood, not which they have received, but which they have cV- temned. Unto the two arguments he anfwered, we deny not the truth of Chrift's words, but we expound them according to the Analogy of Faith contained in the Creed, unto, which Faith Confubftantiation is contrary. And although Chrift, as he is God, is Almighty, y«t his Manhood is not Almighty : and as he is God he cannot do what he hath not decreed to do, or what is contrary unto his decree-, not be- caufe he is not Almighty,, but becaufe to change his Will ( and fo to be mutable) is not a power, but an infirmity. But God hath ordained, that Chrift's body fhould be local and circumfcribed, drc. On this Article the Difputation continued three daies, the one preffing the truth of the words. This u my body : and Bez.a urging the Analogy of Faith, and the like phrafe of other Sacraments. Neither of the two

A would yield.

Then they pafTed unto the Article of the Perfon of Chrift:. Thofe of Wortemberg agreed that the Son of God hath aflumed the nature of man, and became like unto us in all things except fin -.that he hath af- fumed this nature into the unity of his Perfon-, and he is one perfon; fo that the two natures are moft ftriftly united, not by confufion or commiffion, or abforption, or tranfmutation of either of thefe natures before nor after his alcenfion : for untwthe perfeft Perfon of the Me- diatour both natures are required, neither can the properties of the one nature be the properties of the other ;. for then would follow an abolition of one of thefe natures. Alfo the properties of tbe hu- mane nature are the gifts that were given unto him without meafure, by which he excelleth all men and Angels : In the Perfon of Chrift is a Communication ot properties, whereby the properties of both na-

* tures are fpoken of his perfon -, and the properties of the oik nature are given unto the other , bythat Dotbtiine which is cMtd Daurina idio- matum. So when it is faid, the Son of God communicates his proper- ties unto the afTumed nature fwx.. his Omnipotence, or Omniprefence} it is not meant as ifhe poured into the affamed nature (as athing is poured from one Veffcl into another ) his piopc-riies ; as if humane na- ture by it felf , or of it felf, or confidered tu abflra^o without his per- fon, had proper Omiiipotency : neither may we think that his hu- mane nature is made an infinite fubftance, oruncircumfcribed,. or ex- tended unto all places, q^c. When we Ppeak of the real communica-

lion^.

48 %l)t ealttMit^^MlV Cent. 16.

tion of properties , wej mean not^hat'one nature pafTeth into ano- ther, b-ut we oppofe real unco verbal communication, which makes on- ly names common unco the natures.

Then the queftion is, whether for the Perfonal union there be a real communicacion of properties between the two natures in his Per-' fon ; or chat the one nature communicates its-properties unto the other^ and how far this communication is extended ? We believe ( faid they ) th* upon the Perfonal union follows fo real a communicacion ofpro- percies, whereby the Son of God communicates unco the affumed na- ture his omnipotence , omniprefence, c^c. by which communication the Godhead becomes not weaker, but his humane nature is exalted, and not aboliflied, as is the union of the body and foul, and the fire and iron. They faid, that the humane nature is Almighty, becaufe the Scripture aicribes to him as he is Man, all Power, eJ-c. They added. This our Mediatour is to be adored with all Religious worfhip accord- ingco both natures, for wehaie not two Chrifts ; bu: of whole Chrift it is (aid^Let all the u^ngels worjl::p him ,

On the morrow Siz.a anfwered thus, There is ambiguity in the word Commmkatio'n -^ it fignifies the Perfonal union, and alio the effeftsof it. We believe f faith he J a real communication, that is, an union _, of natures; in which union bpthnatures remain dillind, both in their 'i' own properties ^ and therefore chat communication is not fo much as verbal,but is as falfe, as if you would fay,his Humanity is become his Dei- ty. Although all the properties of the Deity may be attributed unto Chrift-raan , that is, unco his Perfon even named by his Manhood, or i/i concreto, as we fay, The Man Chrift is Almighcy and ecernal : but neither m;y the natures be fpoken one of another, neither the pro- perties of the one be given to the other. For this is a fure rule. In che Ferfonal union boch natures remain diftinft, and they both diftinftly do what is proper unto them. Briefly, as there are two natures in Chrift, diftind in number, and not feparated one from the another, fo there are two wills, and two workings or operations, but one work as there is but one Peffon. We profefs alfo that Chrift reigneth now, and hath all Power both in Heaven and in Earth according to boch natures, but not frsfenter in refpeft of his flefh ; for now (as the Apoftic faith ) we are ftrangers from Chrift, and he defired to be out of che body , that he might be with Chrift. And it is faid, he will come again, viz.. bodily, and vifibly. Laftly, in that one adoration of our • one and only Mediatour according to both natures, we divide not the Perfon, but we diftinguifli the nat'ures : for the Wordk the true and ab- folute objeft of our adoration, and adoration is due unto God only. Bat we exclude not that fiefti from our adoration , kR ( vfhh Nefiori- •tts) we "divide his Perfon -, yet fo, that we worfhip that flefh not in . \ ^\'- - ■ it

Cent. 1(5. of FRANCE. 49

it klf, but refpeAively as it is the flefli of the Son of God. They difputed on this Article other three daies, but no agreement.

On March zj. Thofe oiWortemberi%z.sz their Propoficions of Po- pifli Churches , Images in Churches, &c. They agreed. That thefe are in themfelves inditFerent, if theabufesbe fliunned.

Then they gajre Thefes of Baptifm, whether Baptifm istheLavcrof Regeneration in the holy fpirit ? or whether it beonlyafignfignifying and fealing adoption ? The Wortembergers faid, It not only fignineth andfealeth adoption, but it is the very Laver of Regeneration. They enlarged hereupon. Bez.a gave his anfwer in writing, viz.. That the Sacraments are not bare figns^. but the efficacy of the Holy Ghoft fhould be diAinguiflied from the power of the water, as they are diftin- guilhed by John Baptifi in Matth. 3. And he declares the words of the Inftitution, and theeffeft of Baptifm. Jacob Andrexvs held there is but one Baptifm, becaufe St. P<?«/ faith, one Baptifm. Bez,a faid, there is an outward and an inward wafhing. And he rebu- ked ihtWortembergers, becaufe theydid not call the blood of Chrifl the thing fignified in Baptifm. They asked whether Infants have Faith ? - Bez.(i denied, and the other affirmed it. Thty queftioned whether the Eled being fanftified may lofc faith ? Beza denied. They asked what hope may Parents have of their Baptized Children ? Bcz.a faid, All fhould hope well, but we are not Prophets to fore-tell, that this or that Child (hall be a good or bad man.

Concerning Predeftination, Thoito(Wortcmberg faid, God from all eternity not only forefawthefallofman, but hath alfo foreknown and chofen them that fhall be faved, and hath appointed them unto falvati- -on, that is, that they (hould be faved by Chrift ; for the eleftion was made in Chrift. The number of them who fhall be faved is certain with God. So the queftion is ( fay they ) whether God hath Predefti- nated his Elcft unto life ^ fo that he in his hidden and abfolute judge- ment hath appointed the moft part of men unto eternal damnation, that he will not have them to repent, nor be converted and faved ? Webe^ lieve ( fay they J that fuch Decree cannot be fhcwed by Scripture. They rejed thofe Propofitions, that Reprobation is the moft wife pur- pofc of God, whereby from all eternity he hath conftantly Decreed, without all unrighteoufnefs, not to (hew love on them whom he hath not loved, that unjuftly condemning them he might declare his wrath againft fin, and fliew his glory. The caufe of the Decree of Eleftion or Reprobation , is his eternal favour toward them who at his pleafure are appointed unto falvation, and his eternal hatred of ill, ordaining whom he pleafeih unto condemnation. But why he hath appointed thefe men rather than thofe unco falvation or damnation, there is no other impuifive caufe but his will, &c, Bez.a anfwered thus, What ye deny, [_That thevejfeliofmatb, m well as thevejfdsof mercy, were

Ggg ordaintd

50 X^tettlZUaUital^iUOt^ Cent. i6.

ardained from eternity^ 3 we do affirm, not only becaufe there is a like reafon of contraries, and the very word EleEiion provetfa it, but alfo it is declared by the exprefs word of God, Rom.9. 1 1 . And this is fo far ( faid he) from any ground that man can challenge God ofun- righteoufnefs, that he were not unjuft though he had condemned all men, feeing we are all by nature the Children of wrath, and be is debtor to ■^^ lione. We fay further, that their Condemnation, w*o in the eternal

Decree are left in their corruption, is not rightly attributed unto this Decree : for albeit that which God bath Decreed cannot mifs, but fliall come to pafs ; and fo they who perifli do not periih without this Decree: yet the caufe of the execution or of their condemnation, is not that Decree of God, but their natural corruption and the fruits of ir, from which it pleafed God to exempt them only whom he hathcho- £en to falvation . That there ever was, and is a great a number of thetn that perifh, the matter it felf ftieweth ; and Chrift faith, Few are'chofen, few do enter in at the ftrait gate.

Laftly, thatGod will nothavethem to be converted, and faved,it's not to be underflood as if they were willing, and God refifteth their dcfire •, but that they will not be converted, nor can they will, being forfaken of God, and left in impenitency. He anfwered aifo to the Objedioas. Then they came to that queftion, whether Chrift died for all men ? jAceb held the affirmative, and Bez.a the negative.

Prince Frederick, now thought it time to dofe, feeing no hope of <»/^«i cenr.Tg, agreement: he exhorted them togive one another the hand of Frater- .vh/.i-jp. 23. ^jjy^ jj^j jQ abftainfrom bitter writings, until Godfhall give them more caufe of Peace. J-acoh anfwered, feeing they have accufed us of grofe Errours, how can we acknowledge them as Brethren ? Bezji faid, fee- ing you refufe to give us the right hand of Fraternity, neither acknow-- ledgeus as Brethren, we do not regard your hand of friendfhipo. So the Conferencewas ended Af<jrf^ 29. '

- Anthmy Faiui one oi Bemii affiftants in this Conference, was a French Divine. He hath written thefe Works, In Efift. adRomanos t In Friorem ad Timothcum, In Ecclefiaftem, Enchiridion Theologi^. cnm. De Kit^ & Obitu Theod. Bez.<c. Emblemata & Efigrammata iJMifceL

Abraham FaiiUj\\\i Sony hath put out a Book, entitled, Lingua <jaU Uc& 0- Italtcx hortnhu amocniffimM : (^ horarnm fubcifvarum libri duo^. Now the King begins a War againft the Proreftants in Giiietme. The Caftle of Arigiers is fuddenly taken by the Hugor.ots without much difficulty.. Angiers is a City fcituate on this fidethe Lo«>f, in afweec fertil Countrey, well peopled, famous for the fludy of theLaw, and commodioufly feated to fall into all the Provinces oi (pallia Ctltica, which largely invirons it on every iide. But this Caftle of Angien was. recovered by the Catholicks before it was relieved, and the Prince

of.

Cent. \6. Of FRANCE. 51

of Condv not knowing what was done, coming to relieve Jngiers^ was defeated.

The King fets forth divers Armies, one under the Duke of Mi!yif»w.- the Marefchal de Byron mircheth with another Army into Xantonge. The King fets forth two other Armies, one under the Duke oijeyenfe in Avergne, the other under the Duke of Ejpermn in Provence • he himfelf goes to Lions, Then the Proteftant Princes of Germany raife a mighty Army to relieve the Hugomts. They fend an Embaffie before unto the King of France^ which encreafeth the difcontents, and hafteneth the taking up of Arras. The King feeks to perfwade the YtSngoi Navarre to turn Catholick, and come to Court ; he fends the Queen-Mother to Treat with him in Poicleu about ir. Thofe of the League are highly difpleafed and murmure at ir. And from that occa- fion the union of the "Parifians is fomented, who provide, and Arm themfelves fecretly. They plot to furprizc Bolongne in Picardy^ but the bufinefsis difcovered,and the Town is faved.

The Duke of Guife being up in Arms in Burgundy and Champagnty takes Aufonne and Rocroy, and befiegeth Sedan. The Queen-Mother returns from the King oi Navarre to Taris^ but without efFed. The King makes a new Protcftation not to Tolerate tTie Hugonots any lon- ger. He unites himfelf with the Catholick League to oppofe the ^fr- man Army. He fends the Duke aijoytnfe into Poidva againft the King of A^^ji/^rre, who coming -unexpeftedly, cuts off two Regiments Of the Hugonot Infantry.

The Duke of Gnife draws his Army together to advance againft the Germans in Lorain, The King levieth Swijfes, and raifeth great For- ces for the fame purpofe. The Count of Soijjons, and the Prince of Conti go over to the King of iV<«i/^?-re's party. The Duke of Lor^iw united with the Duke oiGuife oppofeth the entry of the Germans into his Countrey. They aim it Pont Sx., Vincent, but give not BitteL The Germans pafs on into France -, the Duke of Gitife foiloweth them, and the King with his Army advanceth to hinder them from joyning with the King oi Navarre ^ who advancing in themean timetomeet the Duke of Joyenfe, pafleth the River Drongne. The Armies face one another at ^e«fr.i^, and fight with all their Forces, where the Duke of Joyeufe loft both the Battel and his life.

On the other fide the Duke of Gitife fights with the Germans at Vtllemory , and Aitneau, and makes a great flaughter of them. The King following the VicSory comes up dofe to the enemies Army. The Svfijfes yield themfelves unto him, and the remainder of the Germans disband, and betake themfelves to flight. They are followed and defea- ted in many places. The Duke of ^ow/^ea with a few horfe making his efcape by the way of Roafie and Lionois^ after many dangers get- teth to (jeneva^ where he died within a few daics after, leavino his

G g g a Eftatc

51 %l3t ccclefialiical i^ifto^t_ ^^^^- ^^*

Eftate to his Sifter, whom he recommended to the care of the Duke of Montfeiifer. The Sieur de Qoaflillonj having often fought with the Forces of Bnrgundy and Lionois with great fuccefs and valour, got at laft into LanguedoCy and retired himfelf into his wonted Governmenc in Vivarez.. The Sieur de CUrvant^ hid among the Swij^^/ that went with a fafe-conduft, efcaped in their company to Bafil. The Prince of Conti with a few Horfe, lurking in remote places, got at laft un- known to his own houfe : and the other Commanders taking leveral ways ran very various fortunes. The Reiters divided themfelves into two parts, one with the Baron a!' Oeneaw, and Colonel 'Z)<e«z^>-f/« paf- fed through 5<iw^, where being (hrunk to the number of but five hun- dred, they were pillaged by the Duke's Forces. The other with the Baron de Bouckj, pafling through Burgundy to the Confines of the County of z^flombelliard, was followed by the MarquefsZ>«-Po»r,and the Duke of Guife^ by whom being overtaken without the Borders of FroJicCj they were all cut in pieces in many feveral encounters. Thefe Heads of the League alfo facked and burned the Towns and Caftles of that Country. The Germans fick with Feavers, and weakened with bloody- flix, falling down by the High-wayes, and in the Towns as they paffed, were miferably flain by the Country-people. Eighteen of them who were left fick in a poor Cottage in Burgundy ^ had their throats cut with a knife by a Woman, in revenge of thofe lofles flie had fu- ftained.

The three thoufand Svpijfei which were gone into Daufhine, under the Command of the Sieur de Cougy^ to jbyn with Lefdiguiers, Thefc Svpips accompanied with four hundred French Musketiers, as they paffed the River Ifare, were affaulted by Monfteur de la f^alette^ Brother to the Duke oi Ejpernon, with the Cavalry oi Province, and by Colo- nel Alfonfo Ornano of the Ifle of Corfea^ with the Infantry of Dan- j)hine\ and fo furioufly charged there, that all the reft being flain upon, the place, only fixty of them efcaped frona fo great s flaughter. Where- upon alfo the Sieur Lefdiguiers him-felfwas forced to feek fecurity among the Mountains, .

Then the King returned to Taris armed, and entrcd as it were in triumph on December 2^. 1587. but the whole glory redoundfed to the Duke of Guife, who being become admired, was celebrated by the tongues and pens of all his adherent?..

The Duke of Guife caufeth a writing to be prefented to the King m his own name ,. and the names of the other Heads of the League , wherein they demanded in fubftance : That he would unite himfelf tru- ly with them, andfincerely make himfelf Head of the Leaguf, to the extirpation of the Hugomts. That he (hould put thofe perfons from the Court, from his Counfcls, and from their Offices, whofhouldbe named by the Catholick Princes as ill-affeded to Religion.- That he

would

Cenc. i6. Of FRANCE.

_- — ))

would make theCouncIl of TRENT to be received and obferved thfough

the whole Kingdom, only excepting thofe things which did prejudice the prviiedgeoftheG'^//if^« Church. That he weuld grant fome places which fhould bethought fie, unto the confederate places for their fecu- rity, wherein they might keep Garrifons, and make necefTary Fortifi- cations at the expence of the Crown. That he would maintain an Ar- my about the Confines of Lay^w, under the Command of one of the Confederate Princes, to hinder the incurfions of Forreigners. That he would caufc all the Eftates of the Hugonots to be confifcate and fold, wherewith the expences" of the late Wars mioht be fatif- ficd.

The end of the demand was only to make the King contemptible, fuf- pefted to hvom the HugomtSy and furnifh the League with an occafi- on and pretence to take up Arms, and profecute their begun-defigns while the profperity of their fortune lafted. The burdens which the War, the maintaining of fo many Armies, and his profufe manner of fpending, daily increafcd, had lofl the hearts of the people to the King, ThenoifeoftheDuke ofG«i/f's Vidories had obfcured the Majefty of the King's name, his obftinate favour to his Minions, had alienated the minds of his moft ancient and devoted Servants ; and the people of Taris fwayed by the ambition of the Council ofSixteenin that City conftituted by the <jutfia»s , could no longer endure Govern- ment.

The City was full' of infamous Pamphlets, Politick Difcourfes, Satyri- cal Verfes, and Fabulous Stories, which for the ffioft part abufing the name of the Duke of Efpemon, redounded to the difgrace*of the King. On the other fide every corner oi Paris refounded the praifes of the Duke of Guife, celebrated in Verfe and Profe by many Writers, with the titles of the new-J3<<w</, the fecond Mofes, the deliverer of the ratho- lick^ People, the Prop and Pillar of the Holy Church. The Preachers fiUed the peoples ears with wonders of this new Gideon, come into the wtitid for the dtfired fafety of the Kingdom. Which things fpread fro'.M the City oi Purls., difFufed themfelves into all the Provinces which received the fame impreflions, as well to the King's difadvantage^ as in favour of the League.

The King declares the Duke of E{pernon, Admiral of the Kingdom and Governour of Normandy, to the great difcontent of the Duke of' (JHtfe. The Council of Sixteen informs the Dukeol Gidfe, That they had twenty thoufand Armed men in the City at their devotion, ready to be put upon any enterprizc. That they were divided into fixteen Squadrons, to every one of which they had appointed a Commander and that the reft of the people would f doubtlefs ) follow the ftream o£ ihe Chief men.

< Benry.,,

54 ' Xlje cccJeOaftical l^iHo^p cent. i^'. '

Henry ^ Princeoi Co«i!/e,was poifoned at S:,Jehan d' Angelyb^ his own fervancs , and died, under whomtheProteftants conceived great hopes: and his death raifed the afflidion of that party to the greatefl: height. .. .'.ri ;.''•.;•

The Duke o.Gmfe wro:e totheSi^wjen to kfTcn their number, and reduce u but into five quarters, to which they fhould appoint a place, where they fhould meet at the fign that ihould be given, and that they {liould dii'pofe things in fuch a manner, as might breed neither diforder nor confufion. He fent them live Commanders to order the five quar- ters, mz., .tjie Count oi -Brifnc-, the Sieur deBois^ Dauphin, the Sienr de Chamois, the Sienr d' Efclavoles f 3.nA Colonel S^.Paul, to whom the Si€iir de Afeneville was added, who had been a chief Inftrument in that bufinefs. Thel^ entred openly into P/jw, under colour of private affairs, and being lodged in thbfe quarters of the City which were ap- pointed them, frequented the Court, leaving the care to MeneviHe to bring the matter tofts condufion.

The Duke oi Aumak is in readinefs with five hundred Horfetoaf- fiil the Confpiracy of the Parifans. The Confpirators refolve to make ufe of the occafion which the time oi Lent would afford them, to feite on the King's Perlbn then, when with the Duke of £//!fr»o« he fhould be inProceffion as he was wont, in the habit of a Penitent among thd whipping Friers, neither accompanied by his Guards , nor the ordina- ry retinue of the Court, and to fhut him up with ftrong Guards in a Monaftery. After which the Duke oity^ttmale's five hundred horfe and his other Forc?s ftould prefently come in, and take poffefiion of the principal places, and keep them guarded till the arrival of the Duke of Guife,

But Nicholas Poiilain, who was privy to all this Confpiracy, reveals the whole Plot to the High Chancellour, and confirms it alfo to the King himfelf, who hereupon feigned himfelf not well, and foforbarc to go to any fpiritual exercife with the Fraternity of the Penitents. The King had no Forces fufficient to bridle the Parijians^ whereupon the Queen faidinthe Italian towgui, Bifogna cofrifi bene il vifo inan- g,i che fitiz^z-icare il vefpaio. He that will flir up a Wafps neft, had need to cover his face well j and then ineans would not be wanting to fupprefs the Confpirators..

But the King to make himfelf fure of the Confpiratours, blocks up the paflages about Paris , to keep Viduals from thence. The Coun- cil of fixteen begin to fufpedt , that their Plot is difcovered, and the Heads being difmayed fend for the Duke oiGuifeto Paris : the King fends a command unto the Duke ofSoiJfons, not to coitie to Paris, hut he comes to Paris at noon on May g, 1588. followed only with eight Gentlemen. He lights at the Queen-Mother's Lodging, and £oes with her to do his duty unto the King. The people follow hvra

?fay

Cent. Td:: ^ofFRANC E. " 55

by troops wiih grear joy, crying, Gad fa-ve the Guije, God fave the Pillar of the Church. He makes his reverence to the King, layes open the caufes of his coming, juftifies his anions as well as he could, and To withdraws till the King had dined. They meet both after dinner at the Queen-Mother's Lodging : the King full of fear and jealoufie, the Duke with a refolute countenance. The next day the Archbifhop of Lions (^thechief pillar of the League ) arrivetb : the Duke's friends and fervants enter : The Sixteen bring and carry away fundry intelli- gences.

The King commands the Mttr^ul de Byron to draw his Guards of SB>ij[/^j and fr£«cfe out of the Suburbs into the City, and Lodgeththem in divers quarters. Theptoplegrow amazed • the chief of the League terrific them with the apprebenfionof a fpoi! j ihey 'fliut up their fhops , and leaving their. traffi<^.ue betake themfelves to Airras. , The Parifians raifed at the Ringingof the Bells, make Barricado's €rofs the Streets ; and blocking up all the King's Cor^s de Garde, comz up to the Louvre. The Sveijfes were prefently aflaulted in St. Inno- cent's Church-yard, where .3 6» of them being flaifl in the firft-onfer, the reft yielded themfelves without refifirince, and with great violence were pillaged by the people.. All the other Guziiis, oh\\tChaflelet, the lit- tle Bridge, the Butchery, and the Town-houfe, were afTaulted at the fame time, the Smifes being in- the fame manner difarmed, and made Prifoners at the peoples difcrecion. They made iht French Guards to put out their matches, and lay. down their Arras, and kept them in that raanneriill they had further order,

- The Duke of Guije feeing the City in his power, and the King (as ic were ) a Prifoner, ceafeth to profecute the forcing of the Louvre^ and appeafeth the people, but gave order that the Barricado's (hould be continued, That the people Ihould be every where in a readifiefs <vith their Arms, that the Guards fhould be kept wiih great care, expeding feme body fliould come from the King (beCeged atid ftraitned J to make an overture of fome agreement. " '" " '" ' '

'fi

.rn'in

The Queen-Mother goes to the Duke of Giiife in her- Sedan, being denied pafTage in her Coach, confers with him, but brings nothing but complaints and exorbitant demands. While the Queen-Mother returns to the Duke of CwZ/tf, and treats with him, theKingwiihfixteen Gentlemen leaves Paris, and retires to C^.-'rCrf^jWherethe people re- ceive him with as much affedrion, as the Tarifians had done the Duke of Cuife. The King at his departure from the Louvre ( turning at Ch.tliot D; Sencs Hii>. towards Taris ) faid, O di flay al and ingratefnl City, a {'ity which L'""'^-'^'-'"'^^^- have ahvuiis honoured with my con ftant abode -^ xvhich I h.tve more en- ritthed thxnany of my Predcccffours, I will never enier vVithin tJjc'com' .fafofthj Wills, but by the nmieof a great and meMor'abU bre.xh.Ciirfed itkfWffe uc yoikall, for vphofe- content I have pittchafed the hatred of fo many. The

■^6 . Xfte €ccleftaO:tcalt(fto;t|> cem. i6.

The Duke being angry ac the news of the King's fudden departure, labours to fecure his abfolutc power in Paris^ andfcizethon the Sa- fiille. The Cafuchins are fent in Proceffion unto Chartres to mitigate the heat of his tury.The chief of theCity alfogo tobefeech him toretura . !to Parii. Seven demands are made by the League, viz. the exiirpa- tion of Herefy by his Majeftifis Forces, and the holy union : thebanifli- ment of the Duke of Ejpermn., and of his Brother deU Vaktte ■, War in Gtdenns by the King in Perfon , and by the Duke of Mayenne is Danlphine, Abolition of the tumults of Paris : confirmation of Offi- ces ehofeii for Civil Caufes fincc tfie Barricado's : a reftoring of the goodly and ancient Ordinances of the Realm j and an abolition ofpar- ties, gifts , and abufes brought in by £j^fr/»(7«, and /« ^<s;/c«f. '■,^ The King determined to give outward fatisfadion to the Duke of Gnife and the League, knowing that Peace would never be granted, un- lefs he confented to remove from the Court the Duke of Ejpermn. Who coming toCourt, being not received by the King with his wonted favour, quits his Government in Normandy, and retires lo Angolefme, where by a Confpiracy of<he Citizens his life is in great danger. He was ^accompanied by the Abbot del Bene , who was no lefs perfecuted by the League than He. This ^retreat removed all impediments that might have hindered Peace.

Now the conclufion of the Peace was eafic : for on the one fide the King granted all that the League asked for, or pretended to. The con- ditions of Peace were almoft the fame that were contained in the writing framed at Nancy, with the privity of the Duke of Lorain, which had been pr efented to the King in the beginning of the year. That the King fliould again declare himfelf Head of the Catholick League : he promifetb never to make a Peace nor Truce with the Hngonots, nor any Edid in their favour. He (hall by apublickEdift oblige all Prin- ces, Peers off r^wf^ Lords and Officers of the Crown, Towns, Col- ledges, Corporations, and the whole people to fwcar the fame : and bind therafelves with a folemn Oath never to fuffer any one to reign, that was not ofthe ^ow?/fo Religion : and that for time to come none (hould be admitted to Offices, Places and Dignities in any part of that King- dom, but fuch as were Catholicks, and made profeffion of their Faith according to the Dodrine of Sttrbon, and the Belief of the Churchof Rome. That the Council of Trent (hould be received and obferved through the whole Kingdom, upon the conditions and exceptions for- merly mentioned ^ the priviledges ohhe Gallican Church being within three Montlis to be declared by a Congregation of Prelates, and the King's CounciljWith divers- other Articles.

The Articles conchided aiid confirmed, the King prefently fent forth his Letters Patents into all Provinces- and feveral Bail ages, to ap- point the Aflembly of the States in OiMfr following ^iBloiij a place

far

^Gcnt. \6, of FRANCE. 5^

far from Paris, where the people were at his devotion, far from any commerce or intelligence with the League, and near thofe Towns which were held hy ihsHugonots.

The Duke oi Gnife goeth with the Queen-Mother to Chartres unt-o the King, and is received by him with great demonftrations of honour iu appearance. The King caufcth the Edid of the union to be pub- lished in his Council, and fworn to by every oncj and the War againft the --Hugonots to be openly Proclaimed j for the profecution whereof two fcveral Armies were appointed ; one in Dauphine un- der the Duke of Mayenne j the other in 'PoiihUy under Liidovico Conz.aga Duke of Nevers. The King gives the Duke of Guife the General Command over all the men at Arms, of the Realm. This C though not the name and title, yet ) in effcft was the Office and charge of Conftablt, He makes the Cardinal oi Guife Legate of Avignon, the which he promifeth to obtain for him of the Pope. He determined to give the Seal unto Peter oi Efpinac^ Archbirtiop of Lions. He declares the Cardinal of'Bourhon nrft Prince of the blood. And the King's latefCounfeliours are difmilTed the Court.

But two things trouble the League ; one is, the news of the de- feat of the Spanijh Armada at Sea by the Englijh j the other is., that the King will not return to ParU^ howfoever they importune him.

Pope SiMifs v. writes congratulatory Letters to the Duke of (Jw^/f, fiill ofpraifcs, comparing him to thofe holy Macihabees, the Defen- ders of the People of Ifraelj and exhorting him to continue fuccefsfully, and glorioufly to 'fight for tlie advancement of the Church, and the total extirpation of the Hugonots. Which Letters (to encreafe the Duke's Fame J were by his dependants caufed to be Printed and di- vulged in Paris with as much applaufe in the people, as anger and trouble in the King, who could not be plcafed that another fhould have more Credit and Authority in his Kingdom than himfelf.

The AlTembly 6f the States meet at ^lois at the time prefixed, via. on Oihber i6. After dinner all being met in the great Hail of the Caftle, the King fare down in a Throne raifcd by many ftcps . from the Earth, and covered with a rich cloth of State. The Qi^eens, Princes, Cardinals, Peers, and Oificers of the Crown, fate upon Seats fitted for that purpofe in two longrowes on the right hand and oh the left • and between them in the inner part of the Theacre fate the Deputies according to the Ancient preheminence of the'r degrc ■ : and the Duke of Guife as Gmnd-M-iflre with the Staff otOilue in his hand, fate dov;rn upon a Stool at the foot of tie State .m ht right hand ; ard on the left fate the Sieur de Monthelon^ whorepre- tentcd the Perfon of the High Chancellour of the Kingdoa;.

Hhh The

3 8 ^l)eCctleiialltcal3^ifl;o^p Cent. 16.,

The King begins the Aflembly with an elegant Oration •, wherein , attefting the earneft defires of the good of bis people, and fhewing the dangerous condition wherein inteftine difcords had involved the Crown, he exhorted every one to Jay afide their paflions, to forget their enmities, to reunite therafelves fincerely under his obedience, . forfaking all novelties, condemning all Leagues, e^c, which had di- fturbed both him their Lawful Sovereign, and the peace of the King- - dotn. For as he pardoned ali that was paft, fo for the time to come he would not endure ic, but account it as an Aft of abfolute Treafon.., That as herefolvcdto perfecute and tread down Herefie, to favour, tliofe that were good, to reftore the fplendour and force of juftice, , to advance Religion, to uphold the Nobility, and to disburden the Common people ; fo he earneftly prayed and conjured every one of them to aiM him v;ith their good Counfels and fincere inten-. . tions.

This fpeeeh- of the King's flung the Duke of Guife to the quick, . and all thofe of his party. He caufed his Speech to be Printed, which ferved much to excufe thofe.things which followed afterward. After the King's Speech followed the Oration of Monthelo>j, who profe-- cutes and amplifies the King's Speecb.To which the Archbifhop ot\5()/<r« ges anfwered for the Order of the Clergy-, the Baron de Se^iefchay, fot th& Nobility, andjhe. Trevqfi des Mcrcha?ids of ParU^ for the third Or- der of the Commons. The Tuefday following, the King and the States - fwear in folemn manner to perform the Edid made before ofperfe-- vering in the ^o»?«/?j, Religion. The Arcbbifhop of !5««r^fjfhcwedthe States the greatnefs and obligation of the Oath which they were to take. Beaulieiii the new Secretary of State, inroUed an Aft of that Oath, in memory of fo folemn an Aftion. . After it was done, they gave thanks to God publickly in the Church of S. Saveur.

The Propoiition of receiving the Council oi Trent, made in the Af- ' fembly of the States, is generally rejefted. The King is requefted to d.eclare the King of Nnvarre incapable of the Crown, and. all others ilifpefted to he Hugonoti : and after much oppofition he coldly con - ferns unto it, and gives unto the Deputies a Proteftation which had ; been prefented unto him from the King o( Navarre : who, h^vmg called a Congregation of thofe of his party at Rochel, had caufed a . writing to be printed, wherein .he demanded the execution of thofe j^difts and Grants which had been fo often made to thofe of his party : the Convocation of a National or univer&I Council, wherein he might lawfully be inflrufted in thofe things that were controverted in mat- - ter of Fai.th ; and finally, he protefted to count invalid ' whatfoe- . ver fhould be determined againfl him in that Affembiy at Blois. To which Propofitions of the King of Navarre, the French King added, TJht if. juftice requireSj no man fijQuld be fentenced.or condemned

w.iih=-

Clent. Id. Of FRANCE. 5p

without being fummoned, or without hearing his defence j it was not good to Decree fo heavy a fentence , without giving him warning to anfwer for himfelf, and without hearing his reafons whatfoevcr they \yere.

The King feeing the obftinacy of the States, and their refolution againft the King ofNavarre^ procures an abfolution at Rome for the Prince of ^fl«r>, and Count Soiffons t of theHoufeof5o«r^(?», which much troubleth the Duke oiCuife,

The King being no longer able to bear the infolencies of the Duke of Citife , refoives upon his deftruftion : and to bring the matter the better to pafs, ( feemipg ( as it were ) to be ftirred by devotion) determined to renaovetoa Cell, meaning there to be con- fefled, and receive the Sacrament. He called into his Chamber four of his Council, fuch as he befttrufted, to whom hedifcovered the injuries and indignities he had received of the Duke of ^««/f, his ex- treme ambition ; the danger himfelf flood in by the Treafons con- tinually pradifed by the faid Duke and his Confederates againft his 'Perfon. He told them he was determined to have the Duke flainas a Traytour, which was confented to. The evening of the 22. day of •December being come, the King commanded Monfieur de Larchant^ one^of the Captains of his Guard, to double them rhe next morning, '"and to keep the Hall door, after the Lords of the Council were gone in J but that he (hould do it in fuch a manner, as thcDukeofCwy^ might not fufpeft any thing, which was done.

In the morning the King made himfelf ready before day, under ^^'^wi'^-o*" 'colour of going Perfonally to the Council , and pretending he (hould \iFr7nc7iX ' ftay there many hours, difmilTed all his Servants : and in his clofet there only remained kevol Secretary of State, Colonel Alfenfo Cor- Jo, and Monfiettr de la Baftide, a Gafcort^ who were all command- ed by him to ftay there. In his Chamber was St» Trisj one of his old Gentlemen-waiters; in the Wardrobe "the Count t/eTirrww, Great Chamberlain, and in the Anti-chamber two Pages, an Ufher that waited at the Council-chamber-door, and Lognac, with eight of the five and fourty, to whom tlie King had with very great Promifes fignified his pleafurc , and found them moft ready to obey his com- mand. At break of day the Counfellours met,and went into theGreatHaH.

The Duke being come into the Council, fitting near the fire, fell into a little fwound, but quickly recovered. Secretary Revol came into the Council out of the Anti-chamber, and told him the King would have him to come unto him in the Clofet. The Duke arofe, andentired into the Anti-chamber, which prcfently being locked af- ter him, he faw there only eight Gentlemen of the King's Guard which were well known unto him : and as he went from thence in- to the Clofet, he -Aretcht forth his hand to lift up the hanging of the

Hhh a ~ door :

6p xSeeccieGa(ltcaii|iUo?p eem. td

T^eDukeof door : butat that inftant S. Malln^ one-of the eight, ftabbed him C(«</e slain., jj^jQ [jjg neck with a Dagger, and the rcft^ prefoaily fell upon. him on every- fide: and after many. wounds given him in the; head, be- ing at laft ftruck by Z'<»|=«^c ( upon whom he had moft violently thrown himfelf) he fell down at the door of the Wardrobe, and there ex- pired. The Cardinal of (^hifiy and Archbifliop. of Lions are made Prifoners , .as alfo all the. Lords, and other chief adherents of the Duke of C«//>, with oAnne d' EJie , D.uchefs. of Newours^ and Mother to the CHifcs. Pelicart, ths Duke ofGuife's Secretary, was likewife taken, with all the writipgs which belonged to his Lprd : among which they found many- fetters, containing divers pra-. «9^ices within and without the. Kingdom, jhe accounts of m.oney which he had received from Spainj to the fumm of two millions of Du- cats. Many whom the King dcfired to get into his bands, efcaped the fury of that prefcnt revenge. The body of the dead Duke being laid up in a green cloth , was carried by the door-keepers into the, great room beyond ihs King'.s .Giofgt, and. there laid . till further order. ■.', .,-•

Then the King fent Revol to the Cardinal-Legate ■ to give him notice of all that had pafTed, and to entreat him to meet him at Mafs, fhewing how great a defirc he had to be excufed ro the Pope. Then haviiig caufed. the doors to be opened and every one to be admitted into his. Chamber, he faidwiih a loud voice. That from thence-for- ward he would have his.Subjefts learn to know and, obey him, that every, one therefore from that time fliould forget ftubbornnefs and Rebellion : for he woiJd be a King not only in words but in deeds ajfo. . So with an angry look, and fowr countenance, he wegt down the flairs into his Mothers Lodgings.,.

The Qu^en having been ill, layj in her bed when the King casie unto her,,. to whom.thc King faid. This morning I have made myfelf King of France, having piit to death the King of Tar is. The Qutta. replyed : You have madethe Dukeof<j////f to beflain, butGodgrantA .you be not now made King of-nothing. Have youforefeen themif-. chiefs that are like. to follow-^ Two things are neceflary , Speed, zndi Refoliitio^,. So being much afflifted in mind aad. with the Gout, (he) held her peace^ . And the King went to meet the Legate, that they; nyght go to Mafs together -, and • before Mafs the Kingdiicoarfcth long with the Cardinal of nMforffini about the Duke of G«;/a death,-; The King feeing that the Legate ihewed no trouble, at the inaprifon^ . ment of the Cardinals, Commandeth that, ifwfi oi Lertihi, Cardi- . naJ.ofCi«/f, be alfo put to death.. And Dn-Gafi, Captain 6f the- King's Guard caufeth the Cardinalof (S«//<f to be (lain by four Soul^ . diers Armed with ]?art£z.a?2s. His body was carried to the fame place gfeese.tlie. bodjiof theDuke his Exflthjfr.Uy. . The. King. doubied,..

thas. .

Gent. 1 6. Of FRANCE. 6i

that if their bodies were feeii , they might occafion fome tumult ; and therefore having by the Counfel of his Phyfitian caufed them to be buried in quick-lime, within a fev/ hours all their f5efh was corv- fumed, and afterwards the bones were fecretly interred in an unknown place.

The Duke of Nemours efcaped out of Prifon on the fourth day^ KxA Afine d' Efie ^ Mother to him .snd the dead Princes of Lorain^ was alfo voluntarily freed by the King, and divers others were fet a: liberty. The Cardinal of Bourban , the Prince of Janvilk ( no'v Duke of Guife ) the Archbi(hop oi Lions, and the Dukeof£/^f«/, are all put into the Caflle of Amboyfe. The Archbi(hop of Liom being ofren examined , would never anfwer, alledging that as Pri^ mate of all prance^ he had no other Superiour but the Apoftolick See.

Charles Duke of M^yenne^ third Brother to the Gidfes^ being ad^ vertifed of the death of his Brothers, flees fronx Lions, unto Dijon', a pkce under his Government. In his valour and wifdom all the foundations and hopes of the League were now reduced. TheQ^een-^ Mother died on January 5. 1589. in . the feventieth year of her age.

After the death of the Duke and Cardinal of G/^z/e, the City of O?*- leans took Arms, fuppre/Ted the King's Magiflrites,. and affaulted ■■ the Fortrefs. The Citizens ofChartres did the fame^ though in the late commotions it had been of the King's party.

At Paris the Council of. the League being come together in th^ midfl of the City full of tumults, rcfolved to fend for Charles Duke oi'Aumale, who flying from the States ziBleys, out of a certain pre- faging fear, hadftayed in Paris, and that very day was retired to his devotions totheCovent ofCrfrf/j«/7<i;n hardby theCity •, at whofc ar^ rival all the multitude ran to his houfe, though late at night, fpending'. the time only in lamentations.

The next day the whole City being, in grief, they difpatchcd di- vine fervice quickly, and from :he Churches being come to the Town-" houfe , the fame Council met again there, at which were prefcnc the moft noted Citizens, and many alfo of theMagiflrates ; fome- drawn by an anxious curioficy •, fome driven by the fear of being torrt> in pieces by the fury of the multitude -, and fome came to find reme-' dy agai)ift the unbridled rafhnefs of the common people. But it was- all in vain. Charles of Lorain, Du!^e of Aumale, being made Go-' vernour of Paris by the. City, Arms the people, and orders them' regularly under Cjipmmanders. The Preachers frera their Pulpits- trumpet out the praifes of the Duke of Guifcs Martyrdom, and de- tcftations of that flaughter committed by the King. Upon December 28-.. the Council of Sixteen cauRd a writing to be piefcnted to ths.

Cclicdg? -,

6i %l)t CccIeOadical ^miv <^^^- ^^'

Colledge ofDivines,' called the Sorhonne, in the name of the Provoft and Efchairs of the City, wherein relating how much the Lords of Guifc deferved of the Catholique Church , and their being murde- red by the King as Proteftors of the Faith, They demanded whether he might not Lawfully be faid to have forfeited his Crown, and whether it were not Lawful for his Subjeds fnotwithftanding their Oath of Allegiance ) to withdraw their obedience from him, as a Perfecu- tor of the holy Church, who had embrued his liaiids in the blood of a 'Sacred Cardinal.

The Colhigi o^Sorhonney declares Henry III. to have forfeited his Right to the Crown, and his Subjefts free from their Oath of Allegiance. The Kings Arms and Statues are throwii down •, the Na- varrifis and Politicl^s are flain : many quiet men left their houfes in thofe tumults to fave their lives. All the Streets were full of Arms, noifes, and confufions, and the meaneft people raging againft the 'marks of Royalty, committed intolerable infolencies. The Preachers aggravated the Parricide committed by the King, and all places were jfuU of Libels both in Verfe and Profe, which contained and amplifiei^ the fame things feveral waies.

By the advice of the Council of Sixteen all the Counfellours of Parliament and Officers who adhered to the King , are imprifoned in the Baftitte, And the Parliament being afterwara affembled to the ■number of i6». they with a Publick Declaration aflented to the de- pofing of the King, and to the freeing of the City, and fubftituted new ^men in the places of thofe whom they had put out and imprifoned. They alfo made a Decree to unite and combine themfelves for the de- fence of Religion, calling that League rJbf //ff/y union.

At the infurreftion of the Parliament and City of P/jm, the grcatcfl: Cities and moft Warlike People ©f France^ took Arms likewife, and made a General Commotion j fo that the party of the League \yas rot only grown very great by the conjunftion of tlie principal Cities, but was alfo ftrengthened by the atetting of the Nobility, in whom for the moft part the-Forces of that Grown confift.

All the Provinces of the Kingdom were divided and difmembred, Ci- ties were againft Cities, Caftles againft Caftles, Lords, Gentlemen, and meaner perfons againft one another : the Laws were trodden down, the bond of common Charity broken, the Magiftrates dri- ven away from all places, and a moft cruel Civil War with fire, daughter, Blood, and rapine, was begun, fo that all commerce being broken ofF, the Wiies bcfet, the Gentry and Commons Armed, an4 even the very Clergy incompafled with Guards tnd weapons, fome- ^jjiics Biandifs times under the names of HAffowwj and Catholicks,fometimes of Roy-^ aliils and Leaguers, fometimes of the holy union and White fercts , "fometiines of Navarrifis and JLorainSj they were as with a fatal

' " general

Cent. \6. OfFRAKCE. 6y

general Frenzy bent upon the deftruftion of their common Coufi- trey.

The King di/Tolved the Afiemblyat Bloys , but many of the Lords, as foon' as they were departed from Bloys, joyned again to the party of the League.. Pope Si.vtfis V. being tc^d of the Cardinal of CwZ/e's death, is highly offended, and anfvvereth the King's Ambafladours very (harply , who come to excufe it to hirn, and chufeth a Con- gregation of Cardinals , who were to confult about the affairs of p'rance.

The King writes kind Letters to the Duke of Mayenne, promifing him very great things : but the faid Duke ( notwiihftanding the King's-.' promifes) being perfwaded by (^Madamde Mont fen fer, his Sifter, makes birafelf Head of the holy union, and gave order to the Sieurs deRhofnCy dt S.PaidyChawois, zni d' Efchavoles^ to recruit their Re- giments oiFrench iooiy and began to fummon the Nobility and Gentry his dependents, and to win the hearts of the people in 'every place. On February 15. the Duke came to Paris with 4000. Souldier?, , and 500. Gentlemen ^ there Ije is declared Lieutenant General of the Ctovinoi France. On February 22. the Duke took poflellion in the Parliament of his extraordinary dignity, having taken apublickOath for the defence of the ^o»»«/7} Religion againft every one, to preferve entire the State belonging to the ^jown of Fr.wc^, to defend the privi-- ledges of the three Orders, the Clergy, Nobility, and Commons, and to caufethe Laws andConftitutions of the Kingdom to be obrerved,as alfo the authority and power of the Parliaments. After which Oath many Prayers and Procefiions having been made, he chofe and appointed the Council of the Union, confifting of forty of ihemofl; eminent per- fons of the League, which with his altlftance, was to treat of, and to con- clude all the moft weighty affairs ^ the Council of Sixteen being ne- vcrthelefs kfr, and particularly appointed for the fpecial Government of Paris.

Now the Duke of his Forces began to form an Army, and in every Province he allotted both Forces and Commanders to oider the af- fairs of the League, and to make war againft ihofe who were of the King's party. He difpatcheth Minifters to^^ewr to confirm the Pope's inclination, who afterward publifheth a Monitory againft the King of France, and foments the League exceedingly.

The King being necclTitated to make War, agreeih with the King of Navarre, and concludes a Truce with him. Tiie5^.?//;]J;. Ambal-- fadour leaveth the Court, and goeth to refide in T./rir with the Heads of the League. The Pope's Legate departeth alfo, and not having been able to perfwade the Duke oi Mayenne to confent to Prace, goes out of the Kingdom. The War begins furioufly. in cvtry place. The

King,^

64 xijc ccclefiaOtcai J$s(!o?i? Cenc. 16.

'Kiog 0^ Navarre gvuna Liberiy of Confcience in thofe places he had taken, and publilheth a Manifefio ,'oiienng to take Arras againft ihofe that rebelled againft their natural King. TheDcike oiEjpermn 'sfcer the death of the G/zZ/fi returned to his former greatnefs with the King. Captain 2);<-C7(i/?, who killed the -Cardinal of Guife^ treats "about an accord with thofe of the League by the perfwafionof the Arch- ~ bifhop of LioiH.

The Truce was concluded by -the- Kings oiFrance and Navarre tiponthefe Conditions. That the publick exercife of the Romifl} ReU- gion fhould be reftored in allplaces held hy(\\e Hu^onots, without any exception* That the ^oods of the Clergy fhould be reftored to thein, wherefoever they were, and that all Prrfoners which were in their hands (hould be (et at liberty. That the King of Navarre fliould beobhged to ferve the King Perfonally with 4000. Foot, and iloo. Horfe, wlierefoever he fhould be Ccmmanded ; and that all the Cities, Towns and places of his party fhould cbferve the Laws and Conftituti'ons of the Kingdona, obey the Parliament and the King's Magiftrates 5 and on the other fide that the King of Zy^^x/^zrr* -fliould "receive the -City of Saumur, and keep It in his power, to have a Fafs over the River iwVf i which yet he would be obliged to reflore at the "King's pleafure without any contradiftion. Which Capitulations "after they were agreed upon and ratified, Svaulim the Secretary of State delivered up Sanmitr to the King of Navarre^ who gave the Government thereof to Sieur tin Ple^u Marnay, his old Confident. The fame truce was made in Dauphwe' between Colonel uilfonfo Cor- fe on the King's part, and Monjieitr de leJdiguierSy for the King of Navarre ; and they united their Forces for their common defence. The Proteilants rcjoyced exceedingly at this reconciliation , magni- fying their Faith and Obedience toward the King, to the confufion of thofe who till then had publifhed and defamed them as tumultuous and difobedient Rebels.

The King receives an aid of mony from the Great Buke of T«/c<«)j)', and fends to the Swiffis and, Germans to affift him with Forces both of Horfe and Foot. Hecalleth all the Prefidents and Counfellours of the Parliaments of Parisy Roven^ and'Dijon, who were fled from the popular fury, refolving that the Parliametit oi T^rii fhould refide in Tours, that of Roven in Caerty in the fame Province of Normand^y and that of Dijon at Chalons y and then by a ftiarp Edid declared them all Rebels, who being chofen to the dignity of the Parliaments, fliould continue to refide in thofe Cities and places which had with- drawn themfelves from his obedience , and forbad all men to have :my recourfe to them to feck for juftice, declaring all fentences tobe void, which they fhould pronounce under the name and title of Par- liament. The fame df damion he ma<}e againfl the Du'soiM^yeti'

fie.

Cent. \6. Of FRANCE. 65

ne, againft the Duke oi Anmale, and others. Then having appointed GovernoHrs in all Provinces he gave Gommiflion to make Levies, to draw Souidiers together, and that the War fhould be begun in every place.

The Parijians ax the news ofthe Truce between the King and the Proteftants , befides many publick figns of contempt, forbid the King to be prayed for any longer in the Canon of the Mafs.

The Duke of Montptnjier begins tbtW^r againft thofe ofthe League, dcfeateth the (jantiers in Normandy^ and the Count oiBrifac's Forces, who came to divert the fiege oi Palais. The Duke of Mayenne takes Vendofme^ and the Count de Brienne Prifoner. An interview was had between the PrenchYARginAthtYAngoi Navarre at the ParcduTlef- fis without the Walls of Tours, ^^Mayeme aflaults the King's Army at Toursy where they fight a long time. The King himfelf orders and difpofeth his Souidiers, puts himfelf among thofe that fight. 3ui: Supplies coming from the King of Navarre, he gives off the ca< terprize.

The Duke of Aumale beRegeth Settlu : Monfeur de Longueviie goes with fmall Forces to relieve it, and raifeth the fiege with a greac llaughter of the Leaguers. Aumalt fighteth, and lofeth the day with his Artillery, Baggage, and thirty Colours.

Monfeur de Sancy having raifed great Forces in Smtsuerland^ and begun the War with Savoy, marcheth towards Paris againft the Lea- guers, whither the King was alfo advancing. But the Count de Soif- fons being aflaulted by the Duke de Mercosur, is taken Prifoner. The Sieur de Saveufe going with 400. Horfe to joyn with Mayenne^ is routed by the 5i>«r de Chafiillon, and taken Prifoner.

The King takes (jergeau and Piviers. But Qiartres fet open their Gates i and having driven out the dependents ofthe League, received the King with all his Army.

The Pope by Monitory declares the King liable to cenfure, if with- in fixty daies herelcafes not the Prelates, and doth not penance for the Cardinal of Guifes death. The King being troubled at it fafteth forty hours : hefaid, he thought it hard, that he who had ever fought and laboured for Religion, fliould beraflily Excommunicated, becaufe he would not fuffer his own throat to be cut by the Arms of his Re- bellious Subjeds : and that tliofe who had facked Rome,, and kept the Pope himfelf Prifoner, had never been Excommunicated. The King of Navarre being prefent anfwered : But they were Viftorious : Let your Majefty endeavour to Conquer, and affuredly the cenfures (hall be revoked -, but if we be overcome, we fhall all die condemned Hereticks.

The King taking Efiamfes, hangs the Magiftrates, and gives the pillage of the Town to the Souidiers. Monterean wj« alfo taken by

lii ' ' Storm,

6_i -ji:i)e CcclefiafttcaH^tftojt^ csnt. i^..

Storm, and facked. Po;j;^ yielded ic felfj and now tht King was Ma* . fter of chat fpacious Bridge, which there gives paffage over the Se/wf. tjere Mf'^tpenjier joyned with the King's Army. To/»fo//f was afier- a bloody aflault alfo forced to yield. The next daytheforreign Army arrived at Poijfy-hndge, there the Svpijfes joyn with t e King. All the Bridges being loft, allthe neighbouring Towns furrendered, all the - paflages of the River flopped and ihe Gity firairned on all fkles^, there ' was no other hope left but what the prefence of the Duke of Afayeme and of the Army afforded, which was all (hut up within the Circuit of" the Suburbs of Paris. ,

The City, of PAris being muf h , ftraitned and under great - terrour ■ (a thing well known to the King by the frequency of thofe who ran every hour from the City to his Carap^ ^ upon theiaftday of July. I;e would needs Perfonally, view the Enemies Bofts, refolvingon thez.- of <^HgHJi^ to afiauU their works on. every fide. In his return toward' S. Cltud flopping his Horfe upon an hill, from whence he faw all the Citydiftinftly, he brake forth into thefe words. O Paris, thou art th( head of the Kingdom, but an Head too great, and too Capricious •, it is nece(faryhy lettingblood to cure thie again. I hope that within fevp daiesi hsre fljall bfi neither wa^s nor hpufuy hut only the veryfootftejs^f Paris. ^

y / But now,there vists la Paris one Ja^ues (Element , a Frier of the Order ofS. Dominick_, born of mean Parents in a Village called Sorhone, in the Territory of the City (SSens, a young man about twenty two year* oiage, andalwaies thought by bis tellow-Friers, and others that knew, him, to be an half-witted felbw, and.rathera fubjeft of fport , than to be feared. This fellow refolves to hazard his life to kill the King,- Bjbom be calkd by the name of Tyrant, and to free that holy City (as he faidj from Sennacher i bs \\o\eace: with which refolution he went to Dodor ^«r^o/«e Prior of his Covenr, and imparted this dam' nable projeft to him; to Father Commokt, to other Jefuites, and to the Heads of the League, alJ.of them. encouraging him to this deviliiTi defign, with promife of Abbeys andBifhopric^isif heefcapcd,andif-be died, in the.adion to be. made a Martyr, and have place in heaven above the Apoftles.

Tothatend he.goesfrpm P^w, having gotten a letter of credit from the Count oiRrienney who having been taken at S. Ovyn, was ftill Prir fonerinthe City, afluringhim, that- he was to fpeak with the King about a bufinefs of infinite importancci Upon the firftof ^d^w/ in the qiqrning, the Frier being brought in to the King, gives him the letter front the Count de Bxienne^ which the King read : and having bid him proceed to tell his bufinefs, he feigned to feel for another paper to pre- fent it : and whilft the King flood intentively expefting it, behaving ^tma his knife oat of^his fleevc, ftruck him en. the left fide of the nave^i

and.

^Gent. i6. Of FRANCE. 6^

«nd left all the blade buried in the wound. The King feeling t!ie blow. Kin? He,,,, m. drew forth the knife, and in drawing of it made the wound wider, and j^lfjjne-,) a prefently flruck it himfelfup totheliaft in the Frier's forehead, wtio f""". at the fame time ( U Gncjle running him thorow with his fword ) fell down dead ; and was no fooner fallen> hut MqmDerat,Lo£»acy and the MsLrqudi de Mirepoix, Gentlemen of th^ing s Chamber, who were prefent at the fad, threw him out of the window, where by the com- mon Souldiers he was torn in pieces^ burnt, and his afhes thrown into the River. The King was carried to his bed, and fending for the King of 2Vwv4rrf, he committed to him the care of the Army. He told him, ifcuflora of killing Kings fliould grow in ufe, neither fliould he be long fecure. He exhorted the Nobility to acknowledge the King of Navarre to whom the Kingdom of right belonged. His Confeflbur abfolved him and gave him the Sacrament the fame night. And having embraced the King oi Navarre, having called hisChaplain^ he in the prefencc of them all rehearfed the Creed after the ufe of the Roman Church : and having <:roffedhimfelf, began the Miferere, but his fpeech failing him in thefe words, ^edde mihi Utitiam falHtis tue^ he died, having lived 36. years, and Reigned 15. and juft 2. Months. In his death ended the Line of Kings oWhthoukoiV'alois^ and the pofte- rity of Philip III. Sirnamed the Hardy-, and by vertue of the Saliquc Law the Crown devolved to the Family of Banrbon neareft of the

•blood, and defcended from Robert Count oi Clermont, the fecond Son of St. Lexves,

;<V; Mere let the-Reader be advcrtifed, that when the Jefuites havemidc choice of an Inftrument for that King-killing fervice, that they intend tofethim about ^ theydonotput him upon it till they have firftraifed and fitted his fpirit for the fervice by this means. Firft they bring hrra to a very private place in a Chappel, or Oratory, where the knifclies wrapt up in a cloth with an Ivory fheath, with divers Char-ifters, and Agntu Dei' iu^on it. They draw the knife, and bedew it with holy water, andhang upon thehaftofit fome Beads confecrated, wiih this. Indulgence, that fo many blows as he gives in killing the King, fo ma- ny fouls (hall he deliver out of Purgatory. Then they give tlie knife to him, commending it to him in thefe words, O thou chofeuSon of Cod, take to thcc the Svpord c/Jepbtc, Sampfon, David, Gideon, Judith, 0/. Mac-chabees, of Jul ius the fecond^ veho defended him f elf from the Princes by his jvevrd. Co, and be wifely couragious, and G'odfrcngthen thy hand. Then they all fall upon their knees with this prayer : Be prefent, O ye Cherubims and Seraphims, be prefent ye Thrones, Powers, hoty Jlngels fill this f^ejfel with glory., give him the Q-ovpn of >(tl the holy Aiar^ tyrs J he ii no longer ours but your companion. And thou^ O God^ ftrengthen his arm, that he may do thywill, give him thy hcbnet, and vpi»gs to fliefrom ■his (ntmies, give him thy comforting beams, which

Jit Z may

*/

68 xfte eccicBaiiican^ido?^ cent. i6.

may joy him in the midft efhisforrows. Then they bring Mm to the Alcar, where isihe Pidure of J<?5«fj- Clement^ who killed King //f^ry- IIT. the Angels protefting him, and then they (hew him a Crown of glory, and fay, Lord refpcci this thy arm and Executioner of thy jh- fiice. Then lour Jefuices are appointed privately to talk with him, they tell him, that they fee a%ivinc luftre in his face, which moves them to fall down and kifs his feet ; and now ( fay they ) he is no more a mortal man. They envy his happinefs, every. one fighing, and faying, . Would God I were in your room, that they might efcape Purgatory, and go immediately into Paradife. But ifihey perceive him to (hrink, and to be troubled, after all this they will fometimes affright him with terrible apparitions in the night ; and. fometimes have the Virgin Mary^ and the Angels appear, e^c. .

; After the King's death the Image and Portraiture of the traiterous Monk who killed the King, by the commandment of the chief of the League, was moft artificially framed in brafs, and other paintings, wherewith they gariiifhed both their houfes and their Churches. Then was- he Canonized, and among the Superftitious prayed unto us asa. Martyr,, whom they called by the name of St. J^wf j Clement. > Henry King of Navarre fucceeded Henry III. in the Kingdom of trance. The Duke of yW^^f we (not daring to lakeupon him the title of King ) caufed it by publick Proclamation to be given to Charles Cardinal of Bourbon, then a Prilbner, and coined both Gold and Sil-' wr with, the Pidure of King Charles X. And difguifing the ufurpati- on of bis authority , he accepted the title which the General Council of the union gave him, of Lieutenant (jeneral of the State ^ and Crown of France. .

TheDulieofZ^/a-e/^Wj- toldthe new King, that the Princes, Lords, and Officers of the Crown, together with the Catholick Nobility that was in the Army, were ready to acknowledge him King of Fr.'?»cf, to ferve him againft every one, fince God and nature had called him ro the Grown by a lawful fucceffion : but withal they befought him he' would be pleafed. to turn to the Catholick Religion, to take away..- the pretences of bis enemies , and the fcruples of his fervants. , ' The King gives them thanks, telling them how ready he was to re- guite their duty and fidelity, both in publick and in particular ; butdc- iir ed they would not think it ftrange , if be did not fo prcfently fatisfie their firftrequefts, becaufe the quality of the thing demanded, required ; a convenient time of advice, and theripenefs of a grounded refolution. That he fet a greater value upon his Soul and Confcience than upon all earthly greatnefs. That he had been bred in the Reformed Religion, buts neverthelefs he would not be obftinate. That he was ready to fubmit himfelf either to a General or National Council, and to the inftrufti- oas which without palliating the truth, fhould be given him by learned

con"

Cent.i6. of FRANCE." 6<^

confcientious perfons. That he had a firm refolution to endeavour the fatisfiftion of his Subjefts ; but that conjunfture was not proper ro put his good defires in effeft, left his aftion and declaration (hould fcem feigned, and extorted by force, or clfe perfwaded by worldly interefts. Wherefore he intreated them to ftay till a fir opportunity ; andif in the mean time they defired any conditioner fecurity for the maintenance of the Catholick Religion, he was ready to give them all the fatisfadion they could wifh for.

After their departure ihe Sieitrde la Nove, a. Proteftant, tells thfe King, hemuft never think to be King of France if he turn not Ca-- tholick.

At laft it was concluded, that the King taking a prefixed time for his turning to the Momijh Religion, he fhould fecure the State of the Ca-- tbolick Religion, and that upon thofe terms they would receive and follow him. And at laft a writing was mutually agreed on between both Parties, whereby the Popifli Princes, Lords, and Officers of the Crown, Nobility and Souldiery on the one fide, fwear fidelity to the King ; and on the other fide the King fwears to the maintenance of the Popifli Religion. The Duke of £^(?r«o;jfl:anding upon precedency, will not fign the writing, but departs from Court. . Many Lords, and . a great part of the Souldiers, following the Duke ofEfpernon'i exam- ple, leave the Camp, fo that in few dales the Army is decreafed to half the number. Many of the Proteftants alfodisbanded out of anger and difcontent, and returned in great abundance to the Cities of their r party.

The King raifeth the fiege from Paris, and divides his Forces into • convenient places. The Cardinal of Bourhon is taken oxaoi Chinotiy and removed to pontenay, aftronger; place, where he is kept yvithftri- - fter Guards. :,.i.:- ''[],.-.

The Duke of Luxembourg is fent AmbafTadour to the Pope by the Catholick Royallifts : and the King appoints the Affembly at Tours, , which is made the Head-quarter of his party. The body of King Hen- - ry III. is laid in the great Church of Co»ipf«^K, with very little Pomp, andfuch as the necefiity of the times, would permit by King Henry YV. ■ who went towards Normandy with all poflible fp'ed. The King's Army is reduced to but 6000. Foot, and 1400. Hori'e, yet hemar- cheth with good fuccefs as far as Diepe, where he fortifies his quarters, ., polTeffing all places of advantage.

The Duke of Mayenne being come before the King's trenches, draws • his Army in Battalia ; but the King's Souldiers coming only roskir- midi, no Battel followeth. They that were in the League making figns of coming over to the King's party, are received by them at the Maladery, but being entred in an hoftile manner fall upon them thac had brought them in^ and make thcmfelves matters of the place : where- -

upon- )

iMBlBa^V^XWOMartita

70

Xlje eccieOallical ttfto^v cent. i^.

upon both Armies joyn Battel, and the King being relkvtd by Monjscifr deChafiilion, recoverech the trenches, znd ihtDukc oi Mayenm mar- -cheth homDiepe with his Army.

The Kingcame to^«w««i, the chief City oifictircty^ where he was entertained with very great, pomp, being met without the Gates by all the Citizens , who.prefented unto him a Canopy of State to be carried over bitn, asthecuftom is to do unto the King, but he refufed it, gi- ving great teftitnony of his prudence and moderation by an ad of fe. great modefty.

Whilft he flayed at Amiens, Elizabeth Queen of England, firft fent him twenty thoufand pounds SterUng, with Powder, Munition for War, and certain Ships alfo to ferve at his command : and caufing a general Mufter to be taken in moft of the Shires oi England, fhe Tent 4«oo. £»////fe Souldiers, and iocx3. Scots very well appointed, and furniflied. All the money he prefently diftributed among his Souldiers. The General of the Englipi was the Noble Peregrine Bar-- tyy Loxi WilloHghhy, which Forces were again recruited with a fup- ply of three thoufand Foot, which were fent into Sritany, under tb€ Conduftofihai Sonofe-3/or/, Sxrjohn Norris. Thefe joyning with the Prince of Domhes, Gener-alof that Province, did many worthy ex- ploits for the French King.

The King now marcheth towards P^w, having in his Army 20000^. Foot, 3000. Horfe, and fourteen great Pieces. He aflaulis theSub^- urbs of Tarii u^on All-Saint s-day^ and taking them gives the Pil- lage to the Souldiers. In the aflault above 900. P^r«/M«j wereflain, and more than 400. taken Prifoners, among which Father Edmond 'Snrgoiney Prior of the Covent of Jacobins, who being convided by witnefs to have publickly in the Pulpit praifedthe Murder oi Henry lir. andto have counfelled and inftigated the murderer, comparing hitn alfo in bir Sermons after the fad to Judith, and the dead King to Holofernes, and the City delivered to Bethulia, he was by Judgement of the Parliament of Tours Sentenced to be drawn in pieces by four Horfes, his quarters burned, and his allies fcattered in the wind* Which Sentence was (bme few months after feverely exe- cuted.

Yet notwithftanding the pillaging of the Suburbs, charge was gi- ven not to violate either Churches, Monafleries or other Sacred pla- ces : which was fo exadly obfervcd, that Malles werefaid that day in all Churches, as if there had been no fuchbufinefs; and all the ^0- Manijls in the King's Army were prefent at them celebrating that Holy*- day with great rejoycing.

But at the arrival of the Duke of Mayenne, the King leaves the Suburbs of Paris, and coming to EJiampes , he caufeth it to be difman- tied. Many fuccefles hapned to the King's party through all France.

^ "The

Gent. 1 6; of FRANCE. 71,

Tbt King takes r<fWo/wf, and gives the pillage to his Souldiers, con- demns the Governour to death, for his untaithfulnefs- : and Father- Robert, a Cordelier, who had there publickly commended the King'j- murderer, and with his Sermons excited the people.

At this time flouriQ-ied Lamberttn Dana-M, a French Divine oi Or' leans, ^in ^L'amb. Dunsm virfan: apprime eriiditus, cj'deHn' firuendis aliif optime merit us. Thy f cam fuam Theologicam, tam ex Ve- teri quAtn novo codice nan in utiliUbore exjiritxit, Tych. Brah. Epjf,. jiflron. lib. i .

Henry IV. is acknowledged King of France vi\i\\ publick folemnity at Tours ; he defers- the Aflemblingof the States r and in flibrt timie makes himfelf Mafter ot all the Towns and Fortreflcs oi Nor- mandy.

The Pope refolves to fend aid to the League againft the King. He" declares Cardinal Henrico Gaetano Legate to the League of France, - Reappointed moreover a feled number of Prelates to accompany the Legate, men of good Learning,- and experienced in the matters of* Government, among whom were Lorenz,o "Bianchctti^ and Filippo Se- gay wha afterwere Cardinal*, Marco Antonio Motenigo Bifliop oi' (^eneda, a man well verfed in affairs, and highly efteemed by the Pope,- firancefcoTanigarolay Bi/hopof^/, a renowned Preacher, and Ro- bert Bellarmine a learned Jefuice. To the choice of thefe men ihe Pope added Bills of Exchange to the Merchants o^ Lions for three hundred thoufand crowrrsj with'Commiffionto the Legate to difpofe' of them according tooccafion, but particularly to fpend ihem forthe infranchifement of the Cardinal oi Bourbon, upon which he fhewedhisr mind was fixed more than upon any other thought whatfo- cver.

But the Pope by letters from-the Diike of LHxemhirg, foiind, thaf what the Agents of the League had reprefented to him, was vain' : whereupon the Pope gave Orders and Commiffions to his Legate , to fhew himfelf no lefs Neutral inthefecular prerenfions of the Prin- ces, than moft zealous concerning Religion, and not to value one Ffench-man above another, provided he wtre obedient ro the Church,' and generally liked by the Kingdom .• and that he fhould not {hew him- felf an open enemy to the KiRg-of N.vvarre^ (o long as, there was.any hope he might return into the bofom of the Church'.

But thefe advertifements were very contrary to the principal Tcope of the EmbalTy, which was to uphold the Catholick party of the League; as the foundation of that Religion in France, fo that the fubftance of the bufmefs changed in the variety of circumftances, did fo difturb the • Execution, that it was afterwards governed mon; by the diverfity of Sc^ cidentsihan byany determinate refolution.

71 itlje ccclefiaSicaU^iHo^p Cem. \6,

The Cardinal-Legate being come into France, required Colonel Alfonfo Corfof not only to forbear mokfting Grenoble aind Valence^ - ( which Cities alone held for the League in Dauphine) but alfo that as a Catholick and ftranger, he fhould forfake the King's party, and joyn with the union. But he anfwered, that he was indeed a Catho- lick, and an obedient Son to the See oi Rome infpiritual things ; but that having made his Fortune r.s a Souldier, in the fervice of the King of France^ he could not defift from following him, but was bound to do what he could in the affairs of the Prince whom he ferved. This anfwer troubled the Legate, and the rather, becaufe being come to Lions, he found thebufinefs of the League in great diforder by the King's profptrous fuccefs. The Count of Brifac, appointed at firftto meet the Legate, and fecure his paffage -, was forced to face about, and employ himfelfinthe iSa.\isoi Normandy, The DukeofiV/'^frx invited him to come into his State, where ftanding Neuter, he might freely take thofe wayes as might appear moft convenient to him. On the other fide the Duke oiMayenne ceafed not to lollicite him to come to Farts, fhewing him that without the authority of his name, and thofe helps which were hoped for from him, the League was in dan- ger to be diflblvedj and fubdued by the King's Forces-, and all the reft of the Kingdom would remain oppreffed by the Hngonot'% party.

The Legate having overcome many difficulties, arrives at FarUf where he caufedthe Pope's Breve of the 15. oi October to be publi- shed, wherein after an honourable commemoration of the merits of the Kingdom of France toward the See ot Bjome^ &c. He attefted, that hehadchofen Cardinal ^aetano Legate to the Kingdom of fr<«»cf, with power to ufe all means fitting , to proteft the Catholick Reli- gion, to recal Hereticks into the bofome of the Church •, to reftore the Peace and tranquillity of the Kingdom •, and finally, to procure that under one only good, pious, and truly Catholick King, the people of France might to the glory of God live in quietnefs and tranquillity, after fo many calamities of War. Wherefore he prayed and exhorted all the Orders and Degrees of France to perfevere in the Catholick Religi- on, and to labour to extinguifh and root up the evil of Herefie, to cutoff the cccafions of difcordj and that particular enmities, quarrels, and Civil Wars being laid afide, they fliould refolve to yield obedience to a lawiul truly Catholick King, and the Divine worfhip being reflored under his fhadow , to live in charitable union and concord.

Two different Declarations followed upon the publication of this Breve; one of the Parliament oiTofirs, by which all perfons were for- bidden to obey or acknowledge the Legate * the other oftheParlia- iBeni of Paris, by which all were exhorted to receive the Fatherly

love

Cent. 1(5. of FRANCE.

75

love of the Apoftolick See, and to give due Reverence to the Legates admonitions. After which contrary Declarations, many Learned mea fight for their Factions with their Pens, as the Souldiers with their Swords.

Aid being defired by the League from the King of Spain, the Sieur tie la Mothe refufeth to advance beyond ihe Frontiers of Prance from g Under Sy unlefs the King of 5/j<i;« be declared Protedor of the Crown oi France y with authority to difpofe the chief part of the Temporal and Ecdefuftical Dignities, which Prerogatives they called, las Marcat de Jufiitia, marks of juftice.

The Duke of M4.yenne will not hearken to an agreement with the King. The Archbifhop of Lions, lately imprifoned at zAmhoife^ be- ing newly fet at liberty by Captain Du-(jafi for a great fumm ot money, and come to Parity is made High ChanceUour to the Dul{c oi Mayenncy and Prefident of the Council. The Pope's Legate grants unto Mayenne the three hundred thoufand crowns brought for the en- largement of the Cardinal of Bourbon,

Mayenne bt fiegeth MeHlan, a fraatl place, but feated upon the pafs of the River Seine, at the entring into Normandy, which therefore next to Poifitoifcy hindered the bringing of Wdmls to Paris : where after 25. dayesfiege, news came that the Old Caftle niRoven, was feized by fome Seditious perfons, which caufed him to raife the fiege, and march to Roven to appeafe the trouble?.

On the other fide the King befiegeth TireitXy and the Duke of May- enne being joyned with the Spanijh fuppiies from Flanders, marching towards Dreux, refolveth to fight.

The German Infantry raifedfor the King of France, turn for the League under the Command of Colonel S. Paul. The Army of the League had in it four thoufand five hundred Horfe, and tweniy ■thoufand Foot.

The -King's Army was but three thoufand Horfe, and eight thoufand Foot.

The King's Army being refrcfhcd they marched toward the fieldof Tvry, appointed by the King for the place of Battel. Here the Ar- tnies joyned, wherein the King obtained a great Viftory. The King all Armed on Horfe- back viiits every Divifion with great diligence, and exhorts his Souldiers with great vehemency. At laft, ftanding ftiU at the head of the main Battalion, joyning bis hands, and lifting up his eyes to Heaven, He faid fo loud, that he was heard by many, O Lord, thou k^iov^efl the intentions of my heart, and with the eye of thy Providence, thoH piercefi into my mofi fecret thoughts. Jf it he befi for this People that I Pioiild attain the Crown, which belongs tome by right, do thou favour and Protect the jujiice of my Arms, But if thy will hath determined the contrM-y -^ tf thou tak^Ji away my King-

74 f:jie €cciefia!licaiijifto^l> centri6r

dom,, take avc^y my life alfo atthefume time, that J way fliedmybloed ^ght'mg at the Head of tbofe jvho put themfehes in danger for my

fake.

At the end of which words there arofc in the Front of the Battel a loud acdarnatioR from thofe that heard him, with an unanimous cry of <vive le Roy : which being taken and redoubled from Squadron to Squa- dron through the whole Army, gave an happy beginning to the Battel. The Cavalry of the League being defeated, fave themfelves by flight. The Swijfes laying down their Colours and Arms upon the ground, had quarter given them by Marefchal de Biron. Iht Germans fiho having been raifed by the King's money, had revolted to the Duke of Lorain-, were all put to the fword. The French Infantry that yielded^ had iheir lives given them. The Duke de Mayenne fled towards Drenx, and having entred the Town, broke up the Bridge before his own people were all come, which was the reafon that multitudes of them ( the King's Army purfuing them ) were miferably drowned. The Reiters of the League fight till they are all deftroyed. There died that day above fix thoufandof the League, among which were the Duke of Brunfwick^i the Sieur de la Chaftaigneray, and the Count d Bgmtnt., who was cut in pieces with all his Zamiers. Divers Lords, with 204.^ Enfigns and Cornets were taken by the King, with all their Canon and Baggage. On the King's fide there were but j 00. flain. This Battel was fought on ^.arcfe 14. 1590.

The news of this defeat came the next day to Paris, whereat every one was afraid. But on March 16. lather Chrijiino de Niz.z.a took an occafion to difcourfe on thofe words [^ Whom I love, I rebuke and chafien* 3 And in the Pulpit tells the Parijians of the defeat, and by his Eloquence prevails fo on them, that they refolve to endure any thing for the Caiholick Religion, without fearing the heavy tryal of a .future fiege, or Famine. The fame didWiIliar>i Rofe, 'Boucher, Pre^ vofl, andaii the other Preachers; and laft of &\\Francefco Panigaro- la, who, though he Preached in the Italian Tongue, was much fol- lowed by reafon of the fame of his Eloquence.

After the yielding of other places, Melun is taken by the King's Army, a little Town, but well Fortified, feven Leagues diftant from Paris, through which run two Currents of the River S««f, and there- fore is divided into three parts by the flream, and only joyned together by Bridges.

The Sieur de Vtlkroy being come to Melim to treat an agreement with the King, perfwades him by many reafons to turn Catholick, and propounds aCelTationof Arms. He was fent by the Duke oitJMay- snne unto the King. To which the King gave a large anfwer. And as to the point of Religion, he faid, he had already contented thofe Ca- tholicks that followed him, who were many, of great wifdom and

ftrength,.-

Cent. 1(5. Of FRANCE.

^5

ftrength, and very great extrsuftion, to whofe determination he thought all che reft might accommodate themfelves. Mjtc Antonio MocenU go^ Bi/hop oiCtneda treats with thcMarefchaUe Biron, and propounds a Ceflation of Arms, but it is rejefted.

All hope of Truce failing, the Parijtafrsprepitei for a ftrid Rege from ihe King's Army. The people was already difpofed by the iongexhor- tations of their Preachers, and foUicitadons of thofe that Governed, to endure, the fiege : being wrought upon by the frequent Decrees of the Sorbon, and by the Declarations and Proteftations of the Cardinal Le- gate, that an agreement could not be treated with the Hereticks without damnation. Hereby mens minds were fo confirmed, that fome . vyere put to death for faying, it xvm bstter to raaks peace with the King^ than fiarve with hungey The Duke oi Mayenne by many Letters aiTured them that he would relieve the City within a few weeks.

To encreafe this inclination in the people , a folemn Proceflion was made, by Order from the Cardinal Legate, to implore Gods affiftance in thofe necelTities : in which Proceflion, the Prelates, Priefts, and Monks of the feveral Religious Orders, walked all in their accuftomed habits, but befides them, they were Armed alfo openly with Corflets, Guns, Swords, Partezans, and all kind of Arms ofFenfive and defen- five, making at once, both a (hew of devotion, and conftancy of heart prepared to defend their lives j which heightened the courage of the common people.

After this Proceflion, they made another of all the Magiftrates of the City : and among the Ceremonies of it, the Duke oiNemonrsihtit Governour, and other Commanders of the Souldiers, and Magiftrates of the people, fwore publickly in the great Church, to defend the City to the laft man, and never make an agreement with an Heretick Prince, for aiiy danger or calamity whatfoever fliould befall them. The King drew nigh to Varis^ and fhuts up the paflages of the River of 5c«>/e on every fide, and the City is in great fcarcity for want of Viftuals. Cardinal Gondy, Bilhop of Parisy gives way that the Church Plate fhould be turned into money, for the relief of the poor : and the Cardi- nal Legate diftributed among the poor 30000. crowns extorted from the Pope with much ado. The Ambaffidour Mendoz.a promifed fix- fcore crowns a day in Bread. The Dutchefles and the richeft Lords fold their houlhold fluff, jewels, and Ornaments, to relieve the urgent Jieceflities of the common people.

During this fiege the Cardinal of Bonrbon dies at Fontenay^ which produceth no alteration at all : only the Duke of Mayenne in- vites the Deputies of the Provinces to Memx , to chufe another King.

The Duke of ty^ayenne having met the Duke of Parm/t at Ccf/dty Tobtains of him 1500. Spanijh Foot, towards the relief of Parts. In

Kkk2 that

76 X8e eccleCiafttcau^ifto?? cent, id

^at populous City the Famine was fo fore, that wirhin the fpace of three Months moe than an hundred thourand died in it.

The Duke oi Parma cometh with an Array to relieve Taris -, at his arrival nMeanx^ he joyns with the Duke of Mayennc. The Abbot dtl Bine dies,, a man of great abilicie in State affairs, at which ihe King is troubled. M^on AHguft 30. the King rifeth from thefiegeof Tarts. While the two Armies lieftil) obferving one another, the P4- T'ifiras furnifh themfelves wi[h fome Provifions. The King fends a Trumpet to the Duke of Mayenne to challenge him to fight. The Duke of Farfna drawes his Army into Battalia, as if he would give Battel, goes away fuddenly to Lxgny^ and deceives the King. The Duke of VarmA takes Lugny before the face of the King's Army, whereby the paflage of the River ^JMarm being freed, upon Se^ttmk^ 6. great ftore of Viftuals enter into Taris,

Th&King withdraws his Army, and marxrheth towards St. Bttinis. He gives aSaladoto the City, which provech ineffeftual. TheDuke of Parma tdkt% Corheil, and fo abfolutely frees Paru from want of Provifions. The Duke of Parma marcheth away into Flanden in good order. The King afTaulteth Clermont^ raises it andfacks it. The Duke oi Parma departing leaves aid of men, and pr.oraifcih fup- ply of money to the League. The King marcheth toward T;c^r^..

GrenohU in Jj>,-:{iphine ihet along fiege returns to the King's obe- dience. The King afifaulteth Corby, and takes it.

The Barliament of Burdeaux, who with much ado had been brought to the King's obedience, make complaints for the King's pcrfcvering in C^lvinififj. The King ftudieth how to conferve the afleftions of thofe of his- party, and to keep them in obedience. He recalls ths Duke of E(ptrnon to the Army, and other Popilh Lords to reconcile them unto him-

The Vifcount of Turenne obtains of Queen Eliz.abeth of England, that file fliould fend the King one hundred thoufand crowns. That fbe (hculd fend 6000. Foot into Eretagney (or the relief of the Prince of 'Dombes. That along with him fhc fV.ould fend Horatio Palavici' no a Genovefe ( who for Religion was fledinto that llland ) to per- fwade the States of Holland, and the Princes of Germany., 10 affift the King with men and money on their Part.. She promifed likewife, that if the Duke oi Parma fho^AA return again into France^iht would ^\&. Grave Maurice, and tht Hollanders jXotaakt a ftrong diverfion, \isj tmx'mgmo Brabant zniElanders.

Now the party of the League makeadifguft againft the Dake-'ojf i^ifyfzyjf,. which is fomented by tht Spaniards. And the Lor^s of the houfe oi Lorain grow jealous one of another ; and the Duke ofAV- j^fOAx^ lays afide the G.overnment of i'<»m. The^p\ikt.of Mayenne

• > difpatr

c^mTT^: of France: ~^:

dirpatcheth Prefident Jeannin to the King of 5p<«/;7, znAiht Sieur des Fortes to the Pope to folicite aid.

The Chevalier d' Aumale goes to furprize S. Dennu, and wichout rcfiftance enters withal! his men : but the Governour with only thir- ty Horfe chargeth and routs the Enemy, and d' AnmalebiingihtM^ through the throat falleih. down dead. Thofe ihat were curious obferv- ed, that he fell dead before the door of an Inn, whofe fignwasthg Ejpee RoyaUy a Sword embroidered with golden Flower-de-lttces, and that his Body being hid upon the Bier in the Church of the Friers of St. Denniiy his carkafs the night following was all gnawed and mangled

Pope (jregory XIV. affigneth fifteen thoufand crowns by the Month for the fervice of the League : and Mxr[ilio L^ndriano, a MiUnefe, is cbofen Legate for the Kingdom oi France. Chartres is befieged, and furrendered to the Baron de Bircn. The Duke of Ji'^^£»?;e receives Chajieau Thierry with the compofition of. twenty thoufand crowns.

Then the Popifh Princes and ISoblemcn following the King did fo- ^,m.xt59-'. hcite his Majerty to turn to the JJow/]?? Religion, The Petitions made to the King to provide for his dutiful Subjects of both Religions ; to prevent the new attemp:s of the Pope and his adherents, to the preju- dice of the Crown of France^ were the canfe of two Edids made at M^nte in the be^nning oi July. The one confirmed the Edids of Pacification made by the deceafed King upon the troubles of the Realm, and dilTannuUed all that paffed in jHlyi^8$. and 1588. in favour of the League. The o.her Ihewed the King's intent to maintain the Ca- iholick Religion in Fr^j^cf, with the Ancient Rights and Priviledges of the French Church, The Court of Parliament of Paris, refident at Chalons zndToitrs, having verifiied thefe Edids, hid dilTannulkd all the Bulls of Cardinal ^anan's Legation, and other Bulls that came from Ro ,ie on March i . the Proceedings, Excommunications, and Fulmi- nations, mide by Landrinno, terming himfelf the Pope's Nuncio, as abufive, fcandalou5, fed itinus, full of impoftures , made againft the holy Decrees, Canonical Conftitutions, approved Councils, and againft the Rights and Liberties of the frf«c/> Church.

They Decree, that if any had been Excommunicate by vertue of the faid proceedings, they fhoiild be abfolved ; and the faid Bulls aiid all proceedings by vertue thereof burnt in the Market-place by the Hang-man. That L.indriano the pretended Nuncio ( come privily into the Realm without the King's leave or liking ) fhould be appre- hended, and put in the King's Prifon. And in cafe he fhould not be taken, he fliould be fummoned. at three fliort dales according to the accuftomed mann r, and ten thoufand Franks given in reward tc him that fhould deliver him to the Magiftratc, Prohibitions being .

made to all men to receive, retain, or lodge the faid pretended Nuncio upon pain of death. And to all Clergy-men, not to receive, publifli, or aufe to be publifhed any fentences, or proceedings coming from him, upon pain to be punifhed as Traytors. They declared the Cardi- nals ( being at Rome ) the Archbifhops , Bi(hops, and other Clergy- men, which had figned and ratified the faid Bull of Excommunication, and approved the moft barbarous and deteftable Parricide, traiteroufly committed upon the Perfon of the late deceafed King Henry III. to be deprived of fuch Spiritual Livings as they held wiihin the Realm, caufing the King's Proftor General to feife thereon, and to put them into his Majefties hand : forbidding all perfons either to carry or fend Gold to Rome^ and to provide for the difpofition of Benefices, until the Kingfliould otherwifc Decree. Da recueii de 1' That of To«n added this claufe to the Decree. They declared Hiftoiredeia (J?-f^(jy^, calling himfelf Pope, the fourteenth of that name, an enemy ''^""' to peace, to the union of the ^ow^m Catholick Church, to the King

and to hisEftate, adhering to the Confpiracy of Sfain, and a favourer of Rebels, culpable of the moft inhumane, and mofl deteftable Parri- tide committed on the Perfon of ihe moft Chriftian and Cacholick King iff wry III. of famous memory.

The Parliament of the League did afterwards condemn and caufc thofe Decrees to be burnt at Paris, which were made againft the Bulls and Minifters of the Romlfi See. So one pulled down what another built up.

The Cardinal of Vendofme begins to raife a third party of Ca- tholicks, to make himfelf Head of them, and thereby to bring himfelf to the Crown. Scipio Balhani is knt to Rome by the Cardinal of ^f«- . doftnf, to treat with the Pope, and to comrnunicate his defign unto him. The Cardinal of Lemncourt gives the King notice of the defigns of the Cardinal oi Vendofme. The High Chancellour thereupon perfwades him to turn to the Romi^j Religion.

Charles Duke of (juife having been long kept Prifoner at Tours, efcapes at noon-day, and fleeth to Bonrges, and then meets with the Duke qI Mayenne. The Council of Sixteen falls into an emulation with the Parliament of P<«m, and with the Coiancil of State cbofen by the Vix^toi Mayenne, Brigard, who had been imprifoncd upon fufpicion of Plots againft the League, being efcaped, the Judges that made his Procefs, are by the people in Arms tumultuoufly put in Pri- fon, and by the Council of Sixteen are caufed to be ftrangled in the clofe Prifon, and the next day their bodies are hanged at the Greve with infamous writings on their Breafts.

'The Duke of Mayenne pofts to ^aru to appeafe this tumult, and caufeth Loitchart, Auronx^ Hamelin, and Emmonot, four of the chief of the Council of Sixteen which were moft guilty, to be ftrangled.

The

Cent. 1(5. Of FRANCE.

79

The Kingraarchcth into Normandy-, layesfiegeto the City of ^oz/f«. The Duke of P^jrw;^ with the Spanijh Army marcheth to relieve th?i; place. They fight at Aumak, she King is wounded, his men routed, and he is put hard to it to fave himfelf. Fillars, the Governour of Roven, Tallying out enters the trenches, and gains the Artillery. The Duke of Pttrma retiring, the King returns to Roven and reneweth the fiege. The Duke of Tarma alfo returns to bring relief : and the King's Forces being wafted, he rifeth from the fiege, and marcheth to the Banks of the River of Seine.

Thofe of the League begin to think of a peace. The Catholicks of the King's party are difpleafed, that the peace fliould be treated by the Sieur de Plejfis, a Hugonot,

The dMarefchal de Bironls killed with a Canon fiiot before E^er- nay. The King wept bitterly at the news of his death. The Baron de Biron , to revenge the death of his Father, fcales a great Tower at BJperuay, and takes it, but is forely wounded; and the Town is deli- vered up into the hands ."of the Duke of Nevert, Governour of that Province, AHgufi 9. I'^gz.

Now the King defireth a reconciliation with the Catholick Church- by way of agreement, not by way of pardon. The King takes Drciix, and being conftrained by the importunities of his own Catholick par- ty, who threaten to forfakc him, refolves to change his Religion. And being inftruded by the Archbilhop oiBourges., hy Rene Btnoifi Curate of S. Eufiache of Paris, and of fome other Doftors, defires to be admitted into the bofom of the Romijh Church. And on July z$, he wen: to Mafs at St.'Dennif, and made a publick and folemn Pro- feflion to the faid Arbhbifhop, afiifted by QoarUs Cardinal of Dourhon Archbifhop of Roven, and Nephew to the deceafed ^ nine Bifhops with many other Prelates and Religious men •, protefting to live and die in the Romijlj Religion, fwearing to defend it againfl: all men. Having made profefiion of his Faith, he performed all Ceremonies requifitein fo folemn an Ad: ; and then he received abfolution and blef- Cng, with wonderful jov and acclamation of the people,

Prefently after this Ad, the King fent the Duke of Nevers, theMar- quefs of Plfani, and Hcmy of Gondy Bifiiop of Paris to the Pope tO' yield obedience by them to the See of Rome^ to befeech him to allow of bis Converfion , and to countenance it with his own blef- fing.

Whilft Eliz.aheih Queen of E/iglandy upon account of Religion^ did with fo great expences relieve the FraichKing, a ftrong rumour was fpread in Efigland, that he either would, or had already changed his Religion- hereupon was Thomas Wilkes fent over into Erai'ce to underftand the certainty thereof. But before hi§ arrival the King had made a publick Profdlijn of the Popi.b Religion at St, Dennii ( ats

bath

8o Xlje eCCleOadtC^l ^\ftOlV Cenc. 1 6.

hath been before exprefled J although fonie Papifts of Religious Orders atthattime plotted againft his life. But he ingenuoufly declared unto Wilkes ihecaufes that moved him to forfake his Religion. And Mor^ lante the French Agent in the mean time telleth the Queen alj the very fame things, and with fair andfpecious words ofFereth her all kindnefs in the King his Mafters behalf.

. The Queen being much troubled and difquieted in mind, fnat-

chedup her Pen, and a while after fent this Letter to him. iAlm'.

Cs.ivUi»\<\^,o'i ifhat deef fcrroxv ? what vehement grief ? what fghs have

Q^EU^abith. i felt at my heart for the things which Morlante hath told me

ef ? Alas ! is the world come to this fafs ? Was it pojpble that any

worldly matter ^culd make you quit the fear of God ? can we expett

any happy ijfue of fuch a fa5i ? or could you think, that He who hath

hitherto wtth hit own right hand upholden and preferved yon, would

now forfake you ? It is a very dangerous thing to do evil that good

may come of it : Tet J hope a fober fpirit will put yon into a better

mind. In the mean time I will not omit to make it a principal part

of my prayers, the recommending yon to Cod, befeeching him, that the

hands of Efiu may not lofe you the blejfmg of Jacob. Whereat you

do Religioujly andfolemnly ojfer me your friendship, I know to my great

cofl, I have well dtferved it : neither Jliould I repent that, had you

not changed your Father. Verily, from henceforth I cannot he your

Sifler by the Father ■• for the truth is, I jliall ever more dearly love

and honour my own Father than a falfe and counterfeit one, which God

knoweth very well •, who ( J bejeech him ) hriftg you back, again to a

better mind. Subfcribed,

Your Sifler, if it be after the old manner : as for the new I have nothing to do with it.

-"■ -Elizabeth R.

Yet notwithftanding a Contrad was made between him and the ■Queen ziMelun in the Month of -^//^«/?, to make War offenfive and iiefenfive againft the Spaniards And the Queen recommended again and again the Reformed Religion, and the Profeflburs thereof to his Care and Protedion by Sir Robert Sidney. He promifed, That as he bad been hitherto their Protedour, fo he would not for the future fail them, though mofl of the Nobler fort of them had forfaken ?!im.

On Augufi 26. Tetcr Barrier, born at Orleans, was taken Pri- foner at Melun, where the King <hen was^ by th^ difcovtry of a Ja- cobin

Cent. \6. OfFRAl^CE. 8i

cobin florentine , to whom he had confefled himfelf in Lions, He confeffed, chat feduced and perfwaded by a Capuchin of Lionsy and af- terwards confefled by cAubry Curate of St. Andrews des All:s at Varisy by his Vicar, and by Father Varade a Jefuite, he was come thither exprefly to murther the King. The Prieft revealing this Crime, incurs no Ecclefiaftical cenfure. The wretch was found feized of a (harp knife with two edges. He was pinched with hot Pincers, his right hand burnt off, holding the (aid knife, his arms, legs, and thighs broken'; and his body burnt to adies, and caft into the Rivcr» • Upon a general furceafing of Arms the King aflembled fome of the chief of the Realm at ^^ante, efpecially to hear the complaints of fuch as flood in doubt of the King's change in Religion, and were grieved at divers contraventions oT his Majefties Edifts, whereby ihey fuffered wrongs in all Provinces. For the Partifans of Spain continually exclaimed of the incompatibility of two Religions in France^ and many were of opinion, That the King ought not to be ad^ mitted, but he (hould promife exprefly to banifliall fuch as made Pro- feflion of any other Religion than that which he did embrace ; or at leaft toabolifli allpublick Profeflion, But the King employed all his care to unite his people in concord.

Vitry dcfiring to be the firft that fhould re-enter under the King*s obedience, as he had been the firft that hadfeparated from it, brought back the City oiMeaux. Aixj Lions ^ Bonrges, and Orleans ^ furren- der to the King.

On the 22. of March, the Parliament, the Provoft of Merchants, and the Sheriff?, having difpofed the City of Taris, received the King, raaugre the vain endeavours of fome remnant of the fadion of the Six- teen. The Duke of Mayenne was gone into Picardy : and Brijfac, to whom he had committed the Government of Pari* for fome Months paft, having taken it from the Count of JSf/<«, broke lis faith with him, believing he ought it rather to the King than to him.

The Kinghad a litde before caufed himfelf to be anointed ztChartreSy . with the Cruife of St. Martin of Tours. The City of Rhemes was yet in the hands of the League -. but he would no longer defer his Corona- tion, bccaufe he knew that TW Ceremony was abColutely neceflaryto . confirm to him the affedion and refpeft of his people. It was won- derful , how that there being four or five thoufand Spaniards cngarri- foned in Parity and ten or twelve thoufand faftious perfons of the Ca- bal of the S/.vf ee«, who all cruelly hated the King, he could neverthe- lefs render himfelf Mafter of it without ftriking ftroak, or without (bedding blood. His Troops having by intelligence feized on the Gates, Ramparts, and publick places, he entrcd triumphantly into the City by the new Gate, by which Henry III. had unhappily fltd fix years before, and went direftly to Nojiredame to hear Mafs, and

Lll caufe

YT^ ^^ Ctclefiadtcai i^tilo;tp cent. 16.

caufe Te DfWAw to be fung. Afterwards he returned to the Louvre, where he found his Officers and his Dinner ready, as ifhehadalwaies remained there. y

After Dinner he gave the Spamjh Garrifon a fafe-condufti ^ad a- good Convoy, to conduft-them as far as the Trf* ofGuife in all- fecurity. The Garrifon departed about three a clock the fame day of- his entrance, with twenty oj: thirty of the raoft obftinate Leaguers, who chofe rather to follow Strangefs, than obey their natural Prince.

The fame day that he entred into'P^iw, the Cardinal <5?e TeUve Archbifliop of 5e«j, a paffionate Leaguer, expired in his Palace of S.e»s. The Cardinal of Placentia, Legate from the Pope, had fafe-con- dud to retire home, buf he died by the way. 5r//^c for recompence. had the Staff of Marefchal, and a. place of honourable Counfellour to the Parliament. D'O was replaced in his Government of Pdrif, which he had under Henry III. but he died foon after.

That part of the Parliament which was at Tours, was recalled ^ and that which was at Taris re^inabled ( for it had been interdidcd ) and both re-united conjointly to ferve the King.

< By noon of that day in which the King -entred P<!?r«, the City was every wjiere peaceable ^ the BurgeOes in a moment gr^sw familiar with the Souldiers; the fiiops. wer€ opened, and the Artificers wrought in them. And the calm was fo great, that nothing interrupted it but the ringing of the Bells, the Bonfires- and the Dances which were made through the Streets, even till midnight, ^ ^^/^^«)i.with his City of ^^jw^r^}*, turnsto-the King's fide. In like manner J^aM>«j, Beauvais, and Termne^ rehounced ; the League. Yea the Duke of Gmfe compounds with the King, and brings the Ci- ties oi Rhe)xef, ritry, and Me ziereSy under his obedience, whoinre- compence of it, gave him the Government of Provence, from which he was obliged to withdraw the Duke of Effemon, becaufe the people, the Parliament, and the Nobility, had takeri Arms againft him« . Tlie Duke of Loram alfo made his peace with the King on Novew' her 26.

Now the Court of Parliament revokes and difannuls all- other De- crees, Orders, or Oaths, given or made fince the 29. of December 1588. to the prejudice of the King's Authority and the Laws of the Realm, And efpecialfy they difannulled all that had been done againft the honour of the deceafed King, as well during his life, as after his deceafe, commanding to.inform of the deteftable Parricide committed on his, Pafon, and., to. proceed extraordinarily againfl fuchas Ihould be found culpable. They revoked the Authority given un- to the Duke oi Mayenne under the Title of Lieutenant General .of tile, Eftate, and. C?own offrcmei forbidding aU men to acknowledge

hi%'v

C^JT'ir 'ofFRANCE. 83

himin^th^Tqudh^^'^rt^eld him any aid or obedience, npon pain of Hi2h-Treafon. They likewrfc enjoyned the Dukeotyl^^^m^^up. on the like pains to acknowledge //^«r> IV. of that name, for Jflng of France and Navarre, and the.r &ng, and to yield hm the obe- dience of faithful Servants and SubjeSs. And to aU other Pnnces, Pre- lates, Noblemen, Gentlemen, Towns, Commonalmes, and private men to forfake that pretended Paftion of the League, whereof the Duke of M^ycnnc had made himfelf the Head and to yield unto the icing obedience and fealty, upon pain to the faid Princes, Noblemen &c to be degraded of their Nobiluy and Gentry ; and th,y and Seir pofterity declared bafe, with confifcation of Bodies and Goods : and the razing of their Towns, Caftles and places, that fhould infrmgc the King's Ordinances and Commandments. Moreover they decreed. That the 22. day of iVf^rcfe ihouldbefor ever celebrated, and the fame day a general troceffion fhould be made after the accuftomed man- ned where the faid Court (hould affift in their Scarlet Robes, as a re* membrance to give God thanks fot the happy reduftion of this faid Guy

totheKine's obedience. , , '^ e t, ■ ,

Now one JohnCafieh Son of a Merchant-Draper of P^n., about the end of the year iS94. having thruft himfelf with the Courtiers into the Chamber of the fair GahridU, where the King was, would have ftruck him with a knife into the belly ; but the King then bowing to falute fome one, the blow thancedonhis face only, piercing h.s upper lip, and breaking a Tooth. It was not known for theprefenc who had ftruck it: but the Count of W.«. feeing this young maa affrighted, ftopt him by the Arm. He impudently confeffed that he had given the blow, and maintained that he ought todoir._ Jhe Par- liament condemned him to have his right hand burned, his flefli torn off with red hot Pincers, and after to be torn in pieces by four Horfes,

burntto a(hes, and caft into the wind. . . . ,■ a . . r^

The Tefuitcs, under whom this Mifcrcant had ftudied, were acculVd for exciting him to this Parricide. Among other things he heard the Fathers of that Society to fay. That it was lawful to kill the King, That hewasExcommuncatedoutof the Church, That he was not to be obeyed nor taken for their King, until fuch time as he was allowed by

^^'-nSeforethe Parliament Decrftd, That the Priefts, Scholars, and all others, terming themfelves of that Society of 7j/«^, fas corrupters of Youth )lhould depart within three daies after the pubhcancn of the faid Decree, out of P^m, and other places where they had Coiledges, and within fifteen daies out of the Realm, upon pain after the fame titoe to be punifhed as guilty of high Treafon The houfe of ?eur C0jlcl the Father of this Parricide, ftanding beforethc Palace, Hvas

§4 X!)e eCCltflaftlcaH^iCtO?^ Gent. \6.

v&».» ^55*

razed, and a Pillar erefted, containing ^for a perpetual monument ) the caufes of that ruine.

Among the writings oi. John Guigmrd of ChartreSyWete found cev- tain fcandalous libels againft the King, for which he was executed. And one f ?-^»cis Jacobs a Scholar of the Jefuites of 5o«r^«, had lately; faid he would have killed the King, but that he held him for dead, and that another had done the deed.

The Duke of Mayenne and Nemours yield unto the King, -and are re- ceived unto Grace. The King of France \% now admitted to a reconcili- ation with the Church of \iRowe, upon thefe, conditions, and in thefe words. He (hall abjure allHerefies, and profefs the Catholick Faith infuch form as (hall be here done byhisAmbaffadours. He ihail in- troduce the Catholick Faith into the Principality of Bedrtiy and (hall nominate Catholick Magiftrates in the faid Province,: he (hall pro- cure within a year the Prince of C(?»«/f out of the hands of the Here- ticks, whom.he (hall caufe to be inftrufted and brought up in the Ca- tholick Religion^ The Decrees oftheCouncilof T«»? (hall be pub- liflied and received throughout the whole Kingdom of Trance. \it (hall nominate to the vacant Churches and Monafteries fuch as are Catholicks, and. free from all Cufpicion of Here(ie. He fhall do his beft endeavour, that the Churches arid Clergy be inverted anew in their Livings that have been feifed upon without any Judicial proceed- ing. In bellowing of Magiftracies and Dignities, he (hall take cafe that Catholicks only be preferr^ed, and thai Hereticks (as near as may be) may be expelled.. The Concordates (hall bcobferved, and all abufes removed which have crept in contrary to the fame.. The abfo- IjLition inMranae granted by the Biihops, (liall be condemned. He (haU write letters to all the Princes of Chriftendom, wherein he (hall give notice of 1ms Converfion , and^profellibn of the Catholick Faith. The lope granted his Abfolutionon September i6. by the Negotiation ^nd' .purfuits of d' Ojfaty and da Perron, his Procurers in the Court o£ Rome.. Thefe were afterwards upon his recommendation honoured, with Cardinals Gaps,

After a Warbetween ihe French znd Spaniards, aPeace Was conclu- ded between i?r<?«ce and 5p<?t», Anno 1$^.

■ Thenihe French T^xng, who had hitherto flourifhed in Martial glo-. ry, having now his thoughts wholly fetled upon peace,, did fo promote tiie welfare of France, ( which had run headlong to ruine for many years- through- the ftorms of Civil War) by maintaining and fupporting Re-., ligion, a? well the ^ma^, as. the Egforraed, revii^ing the Laws, che-. rifhing Learning, , reftoring Trade and Commerce, and beautifying;; the Kingdomvvith fplendid buildings, that h& far furpaffed, all the Kings-' "•"^-'wei^ibsforchimo. - - .. . -•

fa-

Cent. 1 6. of FRANCE. %y^

In the year 1599. ihe King's Sifter, the Lady Kathcrine de Bourbon^ was married to the Duke of Bur^ Son to the Duke oi Lorain. The Reformed Religion, in which (h^ had been bred, (he would not change, by reafon (' as ffie faid ) of her deceafed Mother Queen Jcane oi Na- varre y whofe life and aftions were held worthy to be imitated, as who had preferred fafety of Confcience before aflurance of honours and greatnefs, yea, than life it felf : Being accuflomed-to fay to them on her part, that Arms fhould not be laid down, but with thefe three Condi- lions, either an affured Peace, an abfolitteyHiory, or an hone fi 'Death. -The Marriage was confuramate in the King's own Cabinet, by the ArchbifTiopof^flww, at the King's fpecial Command, to avoid greatet inconvenencies.

She cordially aiEFefted that which did concern the Liberty of Gon- fcience throughout aU trance^ often befecching the King to let her fee the aflurances thereof whilft (he was in Prance^ and not to fuffer his Edifts to remain without execution being Proclaimed, and wichodt. a durable obfervation being exeeilted*^ ' ■ r, ^ ? -.

She ufed Jio be attended in her houfe fey the Miniftcrsbf Pj^r/i, who ■ ■ferveil her by turns every one aiEjuarterof a year. Bding then togo- into Lorairi with her Husband, the Church appointed \i^?z/7r«/- ^e. iMontignir an Atttient Minifer, to attend her in that journey. But M. Peter dit- Moulin theti corning' to '5?i«rif,: theOld Gentleman defi- red to be CKcufed • and that the'newMinifter, as fitter to travel by reafon df his age, might be chofen' for that fervice. To which moti- bn the Princefsprefentlyendined, having ^fpcdal likingroDA Moulin. jecthcLirepf He took then that journey, and becauie the Princefs was entertained '?''•■ ^'," t**//"" in Bilhops Palaces and Abbeys -he did oificiatein the Palace of the worthy son^^ Bifliopof i^<t«.v, in that of the Bifhop'of Chahniy and.in the Abbey of J&verre.

The Harbingers of the Princefs being come to f^uris kFrancois\ 4 Town oi Champagne, addrefled themfelves to the chief Magiftrate of the Town , to prepare quarters for the Princefs and her Court. Since DH-Mdiilin'% eftablifhment at Paris, lillthedeaih of the King's Sifter ( which was five years after ) he made a journey into Lo- r4w every Spring, either with her, or to her : and having ferved his quarter at her Court, returned to P<w : there the Princefs wai moft part of the year.

TJiofe of the Reformed Religion made many and great coraplaintF,- that the'King's Edifts were not kept nor obfeived ; that they were not provided of all things neceffary for the exercife of their ReligioPj,, the liberty of their Confciences, and fafety of their peifons and for- tunes. That they were excluded from all charges and OiTices in the State, juftice, treflfure, and policie , to the great prejudice of their Children, crc. The end. of all their Affcmblies was to obtain an-

EdiA.:

u %t^t €uMa(lml^m^v cent. vd.

Edidfrom the King , fo dear and plain , as they (hould not be con- 'ftrained to fue for any other. Then^ the King made an Edid^t Nantes^ and figned it after he had reduced that Province to his obedience, containing a Declaration of the Edids of Pacification, and of the trou- bles gtovjn in France for matter of Religion, the which though gran- ted in Apr^l 1598. was not allowed in the Court of Parliament of Tarts until the 25. day oi February following, by reafon of the many oppofitions and difficulties that were made againfl it. The Duchcfs of-S^jr, would not go out alParis before it was confirmed, fuchwas "her zcaLand affedion in that matter, as in all other affairs of that nature. ;.-.

And for the better fatisfadion of the Proteftants in matters of juftice, it pleafed King Henry IV. to ered a Chamber in the Court of Parli- ament of Faru purpofely for them. It confifted of one Prefident, and Sixteen Counfellours : their Office to take knowledge of all the Caufes and Suits of them of the Reformed Religion, as well within the jurifdidion of the Parliament of Pariii as alfo in Normandy and Jr*- tain, till there fhould be a Chamber ercded in either of them. There were appointed alfo two Chambers in the Parliament of 5«r<!/f<j«Ar and Cre* noble y and one at C/;<»/?frJ for the Parliament of "TWoM/f, Thefe Cham- bers were called les Chamhres de I' Edttlf bccaufe they were eftablifhed by a fpccial Edid at Nantes in Britain..

The -Duke of Joyeufe wallowing in fenfual pleafures, being at Taris] after he had taken his leave of the Ladies, and forae other friends, bc- corae^h a Capuchin. The King commended his refolution, and dining one day where there was only the Duke oieJ^ayennCy I' Efdigniers, andhimfelf, he faid, That in the world there were men of all conditi- ons and qualities to be found , but they ihould hardly find four fo dif- ferent as they were, Whereof there was, a Sinner converted^ a Jjtaguer, rjfentedy a Capuchin diver fedy and a Hugonot perverftd.

Gerit.

Cent. 17. of FRANCE. 87.

Century XVIL

THe Pope preftTCing Henry to- make his Sifter turn Catho- lick, and the Kingtopleafe the Pope ufed his utmoft en- deavours for it, employing the moft learned and fubtil- of his Clergy to feducc her, cfpecially 'Du Perron, then- Bifliop- ofEureux, and Father (^otton. Thefe two had fcveral bicker- ings with the LeztnedDu-MoHlifi, who in his Book entitled, the No- velty of Popery opfoffd to the Antiquity of true Chriflianity, giverlr an account of an occafional encounter of his witti M. Dn Perron. But they had another, which was a pitched field. It was at the Court- before a few, but Grave and Seleft affiftants. After fome difpute, wiierr Du Perron gave back to the force of an Argument, and was at a lofs, foffie body hid behind the hangings cried up One. And when the like hapnedto him the fecond time, the fame voice cried upTw^?, and fd iWlFive, Upon which X)» Perron convplainingofinterruption broke the Conference.

One Beanlitu'SoHju, a young Clergy-man, having got fome Ma- nufcripts ol Dh P^rrcw about the Eueharift, made ufe ofthem to write againft Du Moulin, who thereby was provoked to anfwer him, and confute him. There are Letters extant, and Printed among Du Per' rons Works, wherein he chides that fame BeauUeu BoujUj both for ftealing, and more for ill ufing his meditations, and tells him in fub- Aance, that though- he could get his weapon, yet he could not wield it.

King Henry IV. to fatisficthe Court oiRome, and the French Cler»- gy of the care he took of his Sifter's Converfion, would often defire her to hear the Sermons of his Chaplains ; which (he wouldnot yield unto, till once being madelenfible how the King's credit was interef* fed, that fhe ftiould once at the leaft, hear one Court Sermon, (he condefcended fo far to the requeft of a King and a Brother, as to pro- mife to hear Father (/otton •, who therefore was appointed to preach be*, fore the King and her immediately after Du MouHns Sermon, and in . the fame Room : for thofe two contrary fervices were performed ia the fame Room every Lord's day morning, as long as the Princefs lived, and was at the Court.

The Princefs, to ftrengthen her. felf againft that afTaulr, gave notice of it toD« MoHlkif and after his Sermon .brought him into a private

Room,.

88 %i)z eaiOiumtai ^iftoi^ cent. 17.

Room , whence he might hear the Jefuites Oratory, His Subjeft was of the dwelling of the Holy-Ghoft in the Soul, and he made his entry into that matter after this manner. Iwent once{ faith he ) to vifit tht Ucjpital of fooU^ where a grave old man received me kindly at the dopr, and weqt about with me to fhew me the diftrafted perfons, and inform me about their feveral kinds of folly. Here is one (faid he) that thinks himfelf ma'de of Snow, and will not come rear the fire tor fear of melting. This thinks himfelf metamorpho- fedinto-:an earthen Pitcher, and will not fufter any to come near him for fear of being broken with a knock. Thefe four think themfelves top full wiih the fpirit of Prophecie : one will be. EUati another Jere- miah, another Daniel, another St. Fanl. Sut I that am the Holy- Choft ( faid he ) can affure you Sir, that they are all either Fools or Irapoftors, for I never lent them. ThclikefoUyis tobe feen among thofe of the pretended Reformed Religion. There you (haU find wile and Religious Princefles \_ intimating the King's Sifter 3 Wife and va- Jiant Treafurers \_ intimating the Duke of Snlly 3 Wife and valiant Generals of Armies \_ intimating, the Duke of BoviUon 3 Wife and learned Counfellours of State \_ intimating Mr. Dn Plefts Mortiay'j All wife in all things, but that they think they have the Holy- Ghoft, but have it not. The Sermon was fuitaWe to the Preface, and wrought an anfwerable effeft in the Hearers, making them all Epcr-p^ ry, but no Converts.

' The worthy Dr. Peter Du Moulin^ Son to the faid Du MoMlin, tells us in his life, that in the end of the year i6oi. time and place being appointed for a Conference between Du Moulin and Cayer-y fomctimes a Minifter, and then a Doftor of Sorbon, Coyer put off the meeting feveral times till the King's Sifter going to Lorain, took Du Moulin along with her. In his abfence C«?y;r put forth a Book with this In- fcripuon, AConference by Minifter i granted^ andbythem refufed. In which Book he accufeth 1)u Moulin of deferting his Caufe, and run- ing away. But Du Moulin being returned in May to Paris, the chal- lenge was renewed on both fides. So they met on Mayz^^ r 602. in an houfe next to the King's Sifters houfe. The Conference held a fortnight. They had Scribes on both fides ; multitudes of hearers, and good order kept.

The Queftions agitated Propounded by Cayer himfelf, were, Of the Sacrifice of the Maf- ^ of the Adoration of the Pope, and of the ■veneration of holy Images, Cayer was affifted with two Doftors, CarmC' lites ; DuMoulin bad no affiftant. Toward the midft of the Confe- rence the Faculty of Sorhon grievoufly cenfured Cayer for ill defend- ing the Catholick caufe, and fuffering the Adverfary to wade too deep into qucflions : and the BlfiiTp of Paris forbad him to fign that which he bad indifted to the Scribes.

The

^Cent. 17. of FRANCE. ' 8,9^

The Dodors of Sorbon perceiving that the more the Conference" continued, the more their Caufe was difcredited, came in a body to the King's Advocate in the Court of Parliament, to complain of that Conference, faying, that it was a pernicious thinjg, tending to Sediti- on ; that they had contrived how to break it, arid that the effefts of it would (hortly appear. This hindered D« Moulin frbrn coming to the ordinary place , where he was before C<«yer. The Mafter ofthe houfe would have kept him put : but Cayer comiug foon after , tfjie. door was opened to him- and the people pi-effing in after him, '^Ja' Medin got in with the Crowd. There they cpnfidercd ho^w to get^ijo- ther place for their meeting. But the Conference feeing difcountenan- ced by Authority, nobody durft offer his houfe for' it. So the parties agreed to continue the Conference in writing, and to puUifh nocliing but by mutual confent. But Dtiz^ouUh asked two Conditions, up- on which Cayer brake. The one th^t the Conference fhould be limir fed, and that it fiiould not be permitted to make replies w? wjj«»fif^»»^ bqt Cayer would have no liinitatiqn. The other,* tKat.C<iyfrfiioul^ fi^n theAfts of that Conference till that day, w^icb'^^'9'^r utterly re- ififfed, faying. It was enough that it was fubfcribeid' by th^'Scritjes^^ When Du Moulin reprefentidi to him, what difgraceheputupon him- felfatld his Caufe, and challenged Kim ; Cayer anfwered, that !he ca- _ red not for the talk of the people, nor fpr challenges. And ip get out of that mire he moved;a:queftion tp ,.2}« Moitlin^y/t}?t)\cr he cpyj^ tell aft^r what manner of Creation tl^ Aiigels ,^^r'^ .,ci;eM^^^, W^ Moulin knowing that this Was their laK^ ihceting', anfw?rea.,,ttiat t1^ iQueftion in hand was only of fubfcribing the Afts. But Cayer rcfu- fing turned his back, and faid, you (hall hear of me : and fpw'ent away, to the great fcandal ohht Komanifls there pre fent. X .Prot.eilanc made the company laugh, faying, that C^er was nqt yet of'i^g^ to

iiius was the' Cdnferefic^ brokferi]!' tA^lre'^ti^t'Tatufattipn of mapy faithful fouls, and the inftrbftidn/of.marty'jgndrant Fapifts, who finice gave glory to God by an open Profeflion of the truth.

The Ads of the Conference are extant, publifhed By Archihidii ^^/« a Reverend Bifhop of 5..f/^^.;'';;S«^ -' ::^^-^'^ 'i^iCt,:-'

The Doftoi-s ofthe FacujCy ,df 5<7rfc« 'ftQng''i(ftihlI1e ill fuc^ls ott^i? Conference, provoked hirti to anoLher,' in which the, body ofthe Uni- verfity took interefl;. They wer^ to' o'pppfethree 'dales upon what points they thought beft : and DuzJ^oulin Was to oppofe three daies alfo, and choofe what points he pleafed. He was then Refpondentfor thrse daies, and found in theDifpute that bleflingof God which never was "wanting to him in the defence of his truth. After the Difpute of the third day, he being returned home, and retired to his ftudy, a man in a •Prieft's habit came in the dark evening up the ftairs,andknockt at hisStudy

Mmm 4oor.

ga %\yt ecclefialltcalfttfto;tv cent. 17.-

door. When. Dh Moulin had opened it, the man thruft the door vyiib all his ftrength to have ruflicin : and Da Meulm, with all his ftrength ( in wbiclt''he was ijiferiour, to-few men. of his fize ) kept him out, and called'for help. The mafi hearing . fome ftirring below, ran haftily down, the "ftairs, and' Co into-'ttie Street), It is fuppofed upon probable giroundj that thc.rqaiV was come to killhim- before be prefented himfelf to be opponent according to the Govenants of the Conference. But on the next morrow hen3et„w.ith aProhibition from the King to continue trhac Conference any longer^ .Thefe palTages r!aifed his reputation very high, whereby God was glorified^his Truth cariflfraedi aodbis Church <diffed ancl'increare'd' wfth'mapy Gojnye'rjs.; ■ .;

' T.fie laftfickne'fs.of the King's Sifter gav;e a great exercife to his zeal arid induiti;yj wbereby he did faithfully and- conftamly affift her in that extremity. .D« Terror did his utraoft to pervert her and to fright him aWay, When (he drew near to her end, Dh t-5?/(?«/;« ftanding by her ^tdMe,'DMl^errMC3vae, and;faid,.he wasfent by the King, and would r^riiove Hfrtlby plamjforce. 'But P^ Moulin held fafl: the .Bed-pjaft,^ Aiid wheH jD« ^e*^;;-^^ told him he was to take place of hiraJn all. Companies, i)« 'MoulininCweitd , that his place was Before Z>.« Per- ry's at the PrincefTes Beds fide, and in thatfervice.. He added, that lie believed, not that the King 'would offer violence to his Sifters Con- ,ff lehce, appealing to herTelf, ahd btfeleching ber Highnefs to declare hgr. |5]iafure. ; She declared that (he would die ip the Refornied Religion,, asd that'lhe'would' have I)«.iJ/a/<(i« toftay t?^^ Whereup.on JQu

Perron W'it^ndrew, and. the good'-Prirtcefs perfcvered in God's truth to her laft breath. __ The King .Ayiflit (he had died in the Roman Profef- fion j and did all he copld witfiout violence, to pleafure the Court .of Rome.^ inthat point. ■; '; ^^ ,;""' ;:,. 7' '-,,-■'.'.-, •..!'.,- '"'',;■,„, ' A' iittic before th^ere was-'a1[]onfer^ccbetwetn'the.Bi^ 3ind 'TMlipde Mornny Lord- oi.PUfU^, Mtirly, Goyetnoniv oLS^mtir^ intbe prefence.oifthe KinigrJPVinces,'apd Officers ofhis Grown, Coun- fellours of State,' an,d other, Noblemeti of Mark. ; It was touching a Book which. Afanjieurdii Z'/f/TiJ.had; publifhed of the Inftirution of the Lords Supper, and againft the Mafs,, wherein the, PiQiqp did tax Irimto have-falfi.ijed-i^ar^y .Authorities.. '.Where?;ponI?i/ Flejfis pre- fented a Petidonunto the Kingl-,y.that bi'sMajefty would be,pleafed-tp appoint Coriimiffioner^' toepcariniije ey.ery .p,i(ra-t;e of Scippture cited ip his Book. The King" yielded 'to' this Conference, referring the care thereof to his Chancellour. The Commiflitners appointed for the ' Catholicks were Auguflm Thi^anMy Prcfident of the Court,o£ Parliar ' inent at Prfrif.; P/'r^^f/^, Advocate, in the (!^ourc, and f »V«rs, School- mafter to the Prince of C(?«/^e, i.n,whdTe 'abfcnce. came yI/^r//« the King's Phyfitian., And . for , the wbe.', tbe Prefident of Calignon^ .Qhancellour of iNT^t/^irrif, in., v^hofe pf ace ent'red Deprefnes Gavay^,^

Preu*.

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.

9»

Prefideiu of the Chamber oiLan^uedoc , ^nAlfaac Caf/tubo?]^ hisMa- jefties Reader for the Greek Tongue. All men of great Learning and well skilled in the Tongues.

This Conference began on May 4. in the Hall at Fountambleau, in oe scrre^ h-h the midft whereof was a Table of a reafonable length. Ac the one end i" "'« :> iv. fat the King-, on his right hand theBilhop of Enreiix, and on the left right againft him Du Plejfis. Pafquier, Vaffaut., and Mercier, Secreta- ries of the Conference, were at the lower end of the fame Table. Some- what higher on the right hand fate the Chanccllour and the Commiiilo- ners. Behind the King flood the Archbifhop of Lions, and the Bi-- fhops of Nevers, Seaimaisy and Chajires. On the King's left hand were the four Secretaries of State. Behind them which conferred, were the Dukes of Vaudewont, olNemonrs, of Mercoeiir, of Mayemie,oi Never s, of Elbeuf, of Aiguillon, and off anville , the Officers of the Crown, Counfellours of State, and other Noblemen of quality.

All were commanded to keepfilence. The King faid, that the Di- fpute was not betwixt party and party, but particular betwixt the two Conferents ; not for any queftion of Right and Doclrine , but for the literal truth of fome paflages. He defired they would treat with all mildncfs and moderation j without any bitternefs or piffion , but that of the truth : Declaring moreover, that he did not mean that this Difpute fliould in any thing alter ordifquiet the peace of his Subjeds, as the Chancellour did then Declare unto them at large by the King's Commandment.

After the firft daies Conference M. Du Pleffis fell very Tick, fo as they could proceed no further. The King did write the fame day unto the Duke of Ejpermn what had paft in the Conference, and fhewed by his Letter what his judgement was. My friend, the Diocefs ofEiirenx hath vanquifhed that of Saimur. Wherewith Du Plefjis was difcontented,ro that in a Difcourfe Printed foon after touching this Conference, he termed this Letier A Jpark.of fire, and faid, That the Bijhop ofEnreux ply was made an Elephant.

Some Months after, Canay, one of the Commiflioners , and Prefix dent in the Chamber of theEdift at Cafires, a man learned in Phi- lofophy and the Tongues, and well read in the Church Hiftory, l«ft his Profefllon of the Reformed Religion, and became a Romijh Cutholick.

Philip Mornay, Lord of Plcjjis, his work concerning the truth of Chriftian Religion , was written in French againft ay^rheifts, Epi- cures, Paynims, Jews, nj^ahitmetifis, and other Infidels, began to be tranflatedbySirW;////? Sidney, ini at his requeftfinifhed by Arthnr^old- ing: He publifhed aTreatife containing the reafons why the Council ot Trent could not be admitted in Francs, He Was fent by the King of Navarre to the National Synod of Fitray in Bretagne, where he was

Mmm 2 joy-

joyfully received by the whole Gompany. . He was likewife prefent in the General Affenbly of the Proteftants held at Montauhm by ihe_ King's perirjiffion, Anno.\'^^\, Wherehe.was defired by the Afr femblytodrawup theform of their Complaints againft the violation of . the Edid for Peae?; whicL He together with the Count «/f la FaL prefented afterwards to the King at lijais., ..

\Vhen the League of the Houfe of Gnife brake fonh^ which was, formed firft againft the King, under pretence of the Pefence of the Ca- . tholick Religion ; and afterwards declared againft the King qi Navarre . and the Proteftcints : That famous Declaration in the name of the faid King was Penned by JDjt Fleffts. In the following Civil Wars fot Religion, he did many importaiit fervices for the King oi Navarre,. ^ andthcPrpteftjints, both with his Sword and Pen, having anfwered a virulent; Book, publifhed by the League againft the King of Z\r^?'<2rrf, called the Epgli^ Catholkk. In the year 1590. he buih a Church - for the Proteftants in Saumnr, and obtained a Grant from the King for the inftituting an Univerfity there, which was afterwards confirmed by a National Synod held in the fame place. J.>im 1595. he wrotea large Letter to the King, who then had changed his Religion ^ defiring the continuance of his favour to the Proteftants,. and withal expoftulating . that fudden change. Apm 1598. he Printed his Work of the Lords , Supper. . The Jefuites of ^wr/^f«i«;t; Petitioned the Parliament there that . it, might be burnt.

Jacoh-MuiHgnftiThHanm\s'3i moft faithful Hiftorian. Efe, wrote ail Hiftory of things done throughout the whole World from the year of Chrift 1545- even to the year i6o8' inanwft elegant ftyle. . He is highly commended by divers Learned men. , Sue atatis Hiftoriam fummojudicio ^ fide, fine odio & gratia^ adDeigloriam dr public am., titilttatenif prudentijfme conjcrtpfit : opm c^ftylt elegantia, df gra- . wjfimarum rerum cqpia acmajeflate ^ciim quiljHJvis five veterum, five recentium in to genere fcriptif conferendnm. Lanf. OraU..^ pro ^ai^ _ lia. Inter multa qua in te admiratttra efi pofieritas, ego illttd unice ohftHpefcOy unde tibi modo in fori arce, modo in fumma Republica ver- . fanti[otiu?nj finde vis indefeffa animi, litres tot ac tantas aut. fcriben- . das co(rnofceres, aut cognitas fcriberes. Grot. Epifl. 16. Jac, ■^''■g' Thuano. Qwm ego virwn divinitm datum cenfeofiizculo iftiinexetj^- flum pietatis, integritatis^ probitatis, Cafaub. Epifl. Append. Vir^ impjortali laude dignity , ^ Hijiorica Veritatis lumen. AlontaCo \ Antidiat. Vir non minm, erttdttione, quam- offcij dignitate Nobilis, , CS'fiqtiisaliHS^V'eriftudiofui. Morton, CaufaRegia,

Jfaac (/ifaubon Wis a great Linguift, a fingular Grecian , and aa excellent Philologer. He liath written in twelve Books of his Exer-. citations, Animadverfions on thofe twelve Tomes of Baronim his~, Annds^ , 5cr<!/»^ffr. in an Epiftle to C<»/^f«^<?« coratncnds his Bok de Sa- .

Gent. 37. of FRANCE. P3

tyra -, and in another his Tloeophrajiiu his Charafters. He is thus ftyled by Salmafitts, Jacomparabilis V'ir^ &• f^culifui deciu immor ta- le , Ijaacus CaptubonMi^ nmquam fine laiide nominandia , rmnquam fatii laudatus, Salmaf. Prjcfat. ad Hifl. ^H^ufi.fcrift.

The Marriage between the King and Queen e^^rff^y?>f being pro- nounced void, and aContraft paft between him and tsj^fary oi Medi- ces, [he Duke of F/o>-fw« 's Daughter : She being bleffed of yf/^oi)r<?K- dino rfae Pope's Legate at Elorence, went from thence, and arrived at M^rfeilki , from whence ( being every where Royally entertained ) - fliecameto Lions, and there after eight dales ftay met wiih the King, , where in St. John's Church the Nuptial folemnity was performed to • this Couple by the Legate. On September 27. 1601. the Q^een was delivered of a Son which was named Levees. The King bleliing him^. put a Sword in his hand, to ufe it to the glory" of God, and the de- fence of his Crown and people. The Pope fent prcfently unto the King and Queen, to congratulate with them of this Birth, and to carry unto the young Prince fwadlingbands, bearing clothes, and other thin^ blef- fed by his Holinefs.

Then the Pope granted, a Jubilee , and pardons to all the French that fiiould go vifit the Church of St. Croix at Orleans^ doing the works - of Chriftian Charity. An infinite number of people went thither from - all parts oi France : the King and Queen went thither with the firft, and gave means to help to build this Church, which had been ruined du- ring the fury of the firft Civil wars. The King laid the firft ftone of this' building.

Then the King did forbid the fuperfluous ufe of Gold and Silver in Lace, or otherwiftupon garments : and made an Edid alfo againft lUli- yy ', and another againft Combates .

Not long after, the Duke oi B iron's Confpiracy was difcovered, who was fometimes heard fay, he veoM die a Sovereign. Refufing to fub- mit himfelf to the King's Clemency, he is feized on at the King's Chamber door, and ( his Sword being taken from him ) is can ied Prifoner to the Baftille. There uttered He thofe paflionate words. That if they defired to put him to death, they fhould difpatch hilm -, that . they fliould not brag they had made him to fear death ; that they (hould fpecdily drink themfelvcs drunk with the blood which remained of thirty five wounds, which he had received for the lervice of Fr,wcr«. The King fent his Letters to the Court of Parliament to make his Pro-- ccfe. In the end being found guilty, the Chancellour pronounced the fentence of death, which was inflidcd on him in the 5.?/?;//c, which he took moft impatiently.

King James of happy memory, before his coming to the Crown of England, fent expreifions of Royal favour, to the Confiftory of P^^ris^ ,. who chofe the foremcntioned Dn Moitliv to addrcfs their humble

thanks ■

9 4 ■ " " '" '^l)^ €CC!eOa(t!Cal i^tflO^P cent. • 17.

ilunks by Letters to his Majefty. And when his Majefiy publiiht his ContelVion ot Faith, againft which Coefftteau (fince Billiop oi Mar- fdlcs writ an eloquent Book, Du yl/o«/z« undertook the defence vf the King's Confejfio?, -^nd vitoic&French Book with that Title, which was raort welcome to the King, and to the English Clergy : and his MoJeftymade Royal and bountiful expreffions ot his acceptance. And bccaufe other Adverfaries ( befides Coejfeteau ) had writ againft the King, 'Dh Moultn wrote another Book in his defence in Latine, entitu- led, De Monarchta Pontificis Rowani.

The .Duke of Bovillon having been accufed by thofe which had been examinei in Council upon the Gonfpiracies of the Dukeof J5<Vo«j -be- ing (ent for, refuteth to come to the King; but afterwards in the yealr 1606. he made his peace, and came to the King being thma Dnnche- ry on April 11. The King with the Queen, Princes of the blood, and other Officers of the Crown, entred into Sedan, where he was joy- fully received by the Duke being Prince of 5t<^<j«, and Proteftourof the Iroteftant Church there. The King promifed that the Church of Sedan (hould fufFer no alteration, but enjoy the liberty of their con- icience.

Inthe year 1603. the Duke of5<ivoy had an enterprize upontStwe- va •• his men on fcaling Ladders mounted the Walls undefcried, fur- prized the Souldier that ftood Centinel, got the word of him, and flew, liim, being alfo Matters of the Streets about two hours. But they were difappoinred : thirteen were by the Towns-men taken alive (among whom was the Baron oi Anignoi ) which were condemned to be hanged, whofe heads (with the heads of thofe that were killed, in all feventy feven) were fet upon the Gallowcs, and their bodies thrown into the River of Rhofnc, for which deliverance they made a folemn thankfgiving to God, concluding a peace with the Duke in J«/y the fame year.

The fame year the King being at tJ^etz. , there came unto him four Jefuites , to obtain their re-eftablifliment in France.

In Oitober there was a National Synod held at S^p by thofe of the Reformed Religion, which Treated touching Doflrine, Difcipline, and the Government of Churches.

The King made Monfienr Alexander ( his Baftard Son} of the Or- ist of the Knights of Malta. A great number of Commanders and •Knights being affembled ztParis, where he was inverted into the Or- der in the Auguflines Church by the Grand-Prior of France, who fet upon his Breaft a Plaftron of black Satten, with a white Crofs : So the Ceremony ended with great joy and founding of Trumpets. The new Knight feafted the Grand-Priors of France and Chamfagne, with the Commanders and Knights at the Temple.

i The

Cent. 17. of FRANCE.

9-J

• The King having promifed to reftore the Jefuites, Tuther Cotton came to Parts by his Majefties Command, with Father Armand the Provincial, and Father ^Alexander : and the King grew prefenrly in- to fuch a liking with Father Cotton, as he did nothing but he was cal- led , and m the end his Majefty granted their return (jpon certain Conditions : and theEdid madefor their eftablifhment, ( notwithftand- ing any oppoficions made unto the Court to hinder the confirmation thereof) was confirmed in the beginning of the year 1604, and their Colledges were reftored u Lions ^ Rove f?^ "Bourses, zx\A Dijon. The Signew oiVArenne., ( Controller General of the Ports, and now Go- vernour of the Town and Caftle of ^^Tg-^rj , who loved them of this company } befought the King to build a new Collcdge at L.t Fkcht' in AnjoH., with priviledges like to the other Univerficie&ofthat Realiriij the which the King made of a Royal Fotffidition, and gave them his own Houfe with Penfions,for the inftrudion of a good number of young Gen- tlemen, whom his Majefty would have bred up, and inflrudted there in all Profeffions,. Tongues, and Exercifes.

But Father Cotton returning one night fomewhat late (about tht end of February ) and palling by the Street of the new Bridge, to go unto the Louvre, there were certain Pages and Lacquies, which cal- ling for him at the door of the Coach, wounded him with their Rapiers, giving him one great wound in the fhoulder going toward the neck ai^ throat. Whereof he was foon after cured. There was great fearch » made for this attempt. S'ome were taken and^ examined. Cotton re- quefted the King to pardon them, yet were they- bani/hed the Courr, , aiid forbidden ever to come there upon pain of death. I ' la the year i6o5. the King made fpecial orders on the behalf of thofe of the Reformed Religion, enjoyning them to carry themfeives according to the Edid of Nantes ,, avoiding all occalTons of. fcandal. , •:. About £^y?e>- this year were fuch violent winds and ftorms through- - nout all Franceyis the tops ofhoufes being caft down, many were flain and fore, hurt in Tarts. Not long after there was a violent •Plague in the fame , and in the beginning of the following ■ ^ year, -n- • ■

.•| In the year 1608. were the Jefuites admitted into Navarre and' '!r5<r«r«, whereat all the Judges and Officers of the Country were dif- -' -■•contented, as who hated the Jefuites above all Creatures living ^ and had in former times put them to death like Spies, it they found any with- - in their limits.

The Prelates of France in like manner Petitioned the King -onee again , that: the Decrees of the Council of Trent'wghi be ob-- ftrved,

Oo-n

T^T~ '~ X!je ccclefiafltcai tiiloip Cem. 17.

On Jipril 11. Anno 1609. there was a Conference between iW»»- fuw Dt4 AIoHlin, one of the Minifters of the Reforraed Church ofP<«- .'T/^, and Father G'<;»f «Vr a Jefuite, being feconded by the Baronefs of Sali'Tfiar : after which it was bruited abroad, that Gontier had confu- ted "iJw Moulin m divers points which the Proteftants held, (jontitr him felf writing a fpecious Letter to the King to that effed. 2)« Moulin : finding his Reputation touched; and the truth naifreportedj was forced to publifh a true Difcourfe of thcwhole Conference.

In the year 16 10. another attempt againft Gesfv^ was difcovered, whereof the Authour was Catidis, one of their own home-bred and na- tive Citizens, aman not meanly reputed of, both for his knowledge in Phyfick and the Languages : whereof being found guilty, and of ano- ther before, he was condemned, and his body broken, and fo laid half dead on a wheel unbound, he was caft from thence to be burned in a fire under him.

On May 13 . the Queen was foIemBly Crowned at St. DennU by the •Cardinal oi Joyeufe, On Friday May 14. the day after the Queens Coronation, the King was treacheroufly raurthered by the curfed hand of a bloody villain.

The King being advertifed of fome ominous influence and Prediftion which did threaten him that day, wentiofeeMafs wichgreat devotion. At his return they brought him fome of his Children, among the reft :£he Duke oiAnjou whom he dearly loved : but being then very penfive,he commanded they fhould carry him to breakfaft. Then being very fad he caft himfelf upon his bed to fleep if he might : but not being able to take any reft, he fell upon his knees, and began to pray. Then he lay down again, and prayed again, and thus he did three times. In the end he went and walked in the Gallery till dinner time.Afterdinncrmany Noblemen came into his Chamber, and began to tell fome tales to make him laugh. Having fmiled a little with the reft (being naturally ofa pleafant difpofition) in the end he faid, IVe have Iknghed enough for Friday, we may well wee-p on Siwday. Hereupon he caufed fome to go to the Arfenal it four of the clock. Wliereupon, they fay, that the Duke of Vendofme told him, that he had been warned to bewarcof the 34.. day : yet making no account thereof, he went down into the Court, where a man of a mean condition entertained him a quarter of an hour-. Then he went into his Coach by the Duke' o( Ejpermn (whofatein the firft place of the Boot on the King's right hand) iJ^/ontbaz-onibt Mas- ihal of Lavardin, la Force and Prafilin, being followed by two Foot- men, and one of his Guard on Horfe-back, having commanded iWow- y««r ^/fr/fry, and the reft of his Guard to ftay behind.

Being between the Draw-bridge and the Port, a miferable wretch, Francis Ravitlac, born at Angoulefm, by Profeffion a Lawyer, watch- ing hia opportunity, drsg near unto ih? Coach on the right fide, think- ing

^^Cent. I/. of FRANCE. 97:

litig his Majefty had been there ; but feeing M wason the left hand, and hearing them command the Coach- man to drive on, he went the near- eft way by narrow Lanes, and met with the Coach again in the Street C2\\t^ PerromerCy near Innocents Church, where ftayingtomake way for a Cart to pafs, the King leaned down on the one fide towards the Duke of Elpernortj preffing him to read a Letter without Speftades. Montbaz.on with the Marcfchal de la Vardin was in one of the Boots, whotijmed toward them ; and one of the Footmen was bufiein tying VP his garter on the other fide •, fo that this Monfter had the opportu- nity to ftab the King in the left Pap ; but the wound wasnotgrear. Whereupon crying out, O my God I am woundedy he gave him a fe- cond blow which was mortal J the kni& entring between the Fifth and Sixth Rjb, it cut afunder the Vein leading to the heart. And the wound was fo dee;p, that it cntred into Cava f^ena, the which was pier- ced j wherewith the King did prefently fpit blood, lofing all appre- henfion and knowledge for any thing they could perceive : who being carried back into the Louvre^ was laid upon a Couch in his Cabinet, where prefently after be ^aive up the ghoft. After whofe death the Queen-Mother was declared Regent in Frame -, by whofe Coramani- ment the King's heart was delivered to the Jefuites, to be laid up in their Coll edge of laFleche, as the King himfelf had long before refolved. The firft Edift at iV<?«ffj was alfo confirmed, for the entertainment whereof a Declaration was made by Z/fwej the y©ung King.

The Murtherer being arraigned was put to the Racoon May if. and on the 27. had the Sentence of death given againft him. His execution was after this manner. He was brought out of the Prifon in .his fhirt, with a Torch of two'pound weight lighted in one hand- and the knife wherewith he had raunbered the King, chained in the othtfr. Then was he fet upright in a Tumbrel or dung Cart ; and fo he was condufted with a good Guard to our Ladies Church, where he did pe- nance. After this he was accompanied to the place orE?:«cmion by two Doftors of Divinity , whoftill perfwadedhim tofavehis foul from everlafting punifhment by revealing his Affbciates ^ the which he would not. In this manner he was carried to the (jreve^ where there was a ftrong Scaffold built for his Execution. At his coming up on the ^affold hecrofled hiiTifelf, in tokenthathe dieda Papift. Thenwas he bound to an Engine of wood : which done, his hand with the knife chained toit f wherewith lie had flain the King) was put into a Fur- naci then flaming with Fire and Brimftone, wherein it was in a terri- ble ijianner confumed ■, and yet he would not confefs any thing, but caft forth horrible cries like a foul tormented in Hell. Then the Ex- ecutioners having made Pincers red hot in the fame Furnace, they did pinch his Paps, the brawns of bis arms and thighs, with the calves of his legs, and other flefhy pai ts of his body, pulling out collof s of flefh.

N n n and

yr"" %l)t eccicfialttcaii^iiloip cent/ 17,

and burning tliem. before tiis face. Then th«y poured into thofe wounds' - folding Oyl •, Rozen, titch, and Brimftone melted togciber, Af- . tcr which tbey fet a hard roundel of Clay upon his Navil, having an ^ hole in iheraidft, into the which they poured molten Lead ^ ,yec her ieve,akd,ncahing , but roared out raoft horribly. Then. they caqfed four ftrong Horfes to be brought to tear his Body in^pieces. ' But thefe Horfes could not of a.long titne pull him a{undtr(. though 'anotlier very ftrong Horfe was put in the place of one of tHfefbur^ who ftrained but faintly ) until they were conftrained to cut the veins under his arms and ■ thighs, by which means his l-ody was the eafier tor-n in pieces. Then ibe enraged multitude pulled this difmembred CarkaTs; out of. the Ex- ecutioners. hand,, which they dragged up and down through' the dirt} -. and cutting offihe flefh with their knives ^ the bones' which remaitri ed. were burnt at the place of execdtiorV,- andthe aflies fcattered ' fii the wind. His .Pather and Mother; were comtrianded to depart th$ Land, and never to return again. His Brethren, Sifters, Uncles, and : others his Kinsfolk,, enjoined to take another- Name. His goods were deflated -forfeited to the Xing, and the boufe where he h^d been born to be beaten down. ■ - . - '■ 'ijb iz-^'t : olA-^

This wicked Parricide tonfefFed no other motive 'ofhisGiTJrne, but the Book of M^rian^^ a Spantjl) Jefuite. Which Book by aPecree jnade by. the Colledge of Sorbonne, and confirmed by a.fentence from the Courts of Parliament, was for that caufe . by a fentence condemned to.be publickly burnt before . our Ladies Church in , Tark. ': r-'.-h '.-/"'■ I'-' -'^f'

After the execution of RaviHaa, there was a foul irapiitatroWlaid^on the Jcfuites j and many condemned them as Abettors and. favou- rers of the" Murtherers of Princes : for which caufe Pather Coffow em- ploys alJ his Wit and Eloquence to wipe it ofF,: in whofe behalf the Bifhop oiParii wrote, which (asa Preface /was prefixc before his De- claration, and Printed. ' :.

But the Learned 1>u Mmli-a put for'th that Famous Booftj called Aiticoton^ in which he proved that the Jefuites were Authours of that horrible Parricide. Though he put not his name to it, yet the Jefuites foon knew that it was his VVork, and made an anfwer to it . direfted unto him , becaufe there was in the eyintkoton an Ana- gran;, of pi^ther Ccttopf which fathered the Kijig's death up6n bira thus, '

PIERRE

99

\ at'jiUhvc-

Cent. 17. O^FRANCir

r PIERRE COTON. 7 i PERCE TON ROY. J"

J[1i9yaIfo made this Anagram Upon I>« MoteUn's name,

rPETRUS DU MOULIN. -> LERIT MUNDQ LUPUS, i"

With thefc Verfes,

Petri hofiisPeirtUChrifii in^diatufovtU,

Quo degluberCf quo dilaniare qUeaty Mure Lupi •• e^veri Lnftu efi^ cut nomen ^, emt/t}

Et mores inftmt ingernHmque Lufi, ■

Wiiqh,V€^fesZ)« iJ4<>«/»« anfwcred thus ,

'^{iquuesinfulfo^itiflindis kcumneverfuiy ;• ^

Hellefpontiaco viiiima digna Deo : jQuamfruftrk vacuum fcalpfifti /ImipHt ? S qua

Rijus Hybrida'VoX' femilatrinamovet ! 3)Hm tuamens varie turhataelement/t peterratf

'Siffargisviruimtfieninimocuum'': y --'i- 5*^^■i ^inc^inhoccafuqk(»d/imefiinduJirfa,dimtk''"-^

In laudem imfrudens nomina noflra'^trahis. i-

^amque Liipo cohibemM equos, agitator cquorum

Improbiorii equi comprimit oralupo, •''^

Quiingyrumcogitjfacilique feritmhabena

Compoft'osgrejfmagglomerarcdocet, Ergo lupHi wunao eflj qui frana/isorahtpato

Dhra^ per errorumdeviamoHflrat tter. Nee mirum ji nos^ Papalis verna cidin f ,

Si cinjflo Satjn£ dixerit effe lupoi. CumChriJiumSat-anamPharifcmdicatapellaj

Nemo botius fecum mltiiis optct agi. ErgoDeifervum vanis Litratibw urgens^

JlicqUe liipttm appellans defmat effe cants ^

-Xt thistime flourinved Jacobm Sirmondtu^ a Learned f rwc/; Jefuire, he was ConfefTour to King Lrifw XIII. D alU tu (d\ih hewasamoft Learned artdmoildiligetic man, Natione Galltu, Re[ior olimCollcniTa'- p'Z'wf-- '■^>-'-<'

■ r r I', .- ■ • r ■ a- _«r -.^ / Jtia.A Pmtip,

rtjienjis^vir tottui aUtiqaitatts cHrtojHS trtvejttgator, & Lattna ur*Cf- Alcji-nb.cdit, que impenfe doCttts, or in otmii pene literarnm genere cxculiilfimufy

Nnn s qui

^ ^^eccieflaftica!#ifto?^ cem. i^

qui humaniores liters thealpgicoi^ admodwn dec^re conjuuxiu, As for his Works, there are ^JAi^Etuhdripkofi ^ro Adventoria de Re- . gionibm e^ EccUfils fubHrbkanii'. C en fur a foffjettura Anon. Scri- _ ftcrps de fubHrbicariif Rigionih^ g^ E,(clejiti.__ FKofe?f)fticHm CI, Sd^^ wafio adverfam "ejiis i.uchariflicon ': and'dthe'r 'Wofeofhfe." S^k - owe unto him (k^iVDx, DuMmlin) the. Works of F<«c««<^«i aa . African Bifliop, who li}iei/i^Xp^^i^i' oif.'ts,,tsamrO;at Jufii-..

Clandmi Salmafms was a Learned Frfffc^Critick. , Vir. inc^muanf: .. hilii , maximm Salmaftus de primatu Papiiy foji qtiem Hoinermi fiqilSs Jliada confribere velit, imtilem labor-em- Jitfciptet. ^Ri;^et--r——^.Grot. Difeuf. DiaL SeSl.- $':. , P^u\ mncpiam Jaiis IdHdjti^itSjnec iemhe Ji~ ■ . ne laude nominandmy Qtitid. 'Salm^ks. Fb^. dei. Grig, ^ M^X^^Jf'''. idol. U. 4. ca. ^1/ 'NoJfrffefnliyir^f^Um^S^ .XrifiqHifafU ■ p-omus - condns. Gut. Rivet. Praf at. dA iirridk. ''E'itdng.' Non~^^alUit fuA, dufHaxat, fd jam (^ huJHs R^tAviaJn^jisdeciis^ atque. adeo.fotiift ReipHblica literaria prafdiuhi. ^ Pojf. «e and(.'\i. '3"; id. %6'. tlari'f, Salmapus not is ad Ffipfcitnij. ubi .fifi.Gtj^tindin.itm & D(tlec(itt}pHm.\i in .Vlinium^ ac Spali^eri T>i^ribam advtrfus GuilandinHfn^ fnlckre , in.diiiaqHe aliis, de hoe. di^erh -ay^gt^n^enio. f'ojf. de drf. Gr(^. lu j.ca. i^. Fir alio^hdn adjiter:as fdmm^ honore'trd^dnHMj-t^ ill^^^ frandof natHJ^ fi modefiiam adhibere , ^ <^ , drrogdjttp de p fejrLiaf- '. one, ac erga alios malignitkte , excajfa, mentem 'amml in.' ii^ jednla^ ■, occupare fotniffct. , , Her^idiy^^t^-i^^f.Jf^^S^d^^ ,

jitt. & Rom.lij.. ca.j. [ . :' .'. , ,',':. . .. " . ■''..,' . ' V ■ H '^~''

Defderius HerMdus. a Learned l^rench niarr, hatli written a Gom-... ment on Martial, s^nd. tlie.ott}ei: Bwks, foreciced, and other , Learned !

FrancifcKs Vieta was a-Xeafncd^rf»c^mtthfmauaa^ his Opera Jldathematica, Fol. z, Relatio Caiendariivere Gregeriani, cum aliis cpufc.VniverfiliuTff^ injp(£iionHTf}^ad Canonem Ma^h'einati- _ cnm lib. fingularis. DeL/£qMatione, recognitione '(;f' emndafione. Thu^ _ anns thus faith of him. Fir ingeniofa e^ profunda meditatione, cujusvi nihil illiinacceffum in abfirnforibiis fcientiis, nihil quod acitmine men' tis pojfit confici, diffciie confe£tKsfjut.Thnan.fiiJ},Tom.^.part.2.li. 129.

Nicholas Figneriits wasaLearfiedFr^Hc^ Hiftoriographer,. There are To. 3 . de U bibliotheq. Hiji. and other, works o£ his. md, Thiian. Hi ft. Tom.-'^.li. II J. part.^i.

His Son, JSlichdas /^^««?-r»j:, was a Learned Divine. He hath pub- . iifiied an excellent Treatife in' French ^ ftyled Theatre de I' Antichrift | and a DifTertation in Latine of the Excommunication , of the Fenetians, againft Cardinal 5<?««»/«. AndThefcs ofthefatisfaftion of Chriftj which JJ^ff highly conimendeth, and annexetb unto his ownDifpu-,. £asions»

G^nt,i7v^'"' T:Of Ff^AlNlGE. -H .:•;-> loi

'^'BdnediHTftrretinev/is.alCoa. Learned frmib man. . Thefe Books of hit are pubjlJOied in French. ^.fitfe,ii.fe de la fidelit'e dfs. tr^tidiictiotfs 'ele la'S^,:'hfhe..'fifi0cs a Glfi^v^. \Ke^^ektiid(i^tfuittPJai£iiaire,, Pro- 'pt [^/ 'dh'aflmejj(f. y^'od ^verj/fj iPetrfi CdttpmJdfHita "pUgiari^m .

pms, 'B}}teaiuHsTtnrritinnit uindr. Rivet, Apoioget . fro vera face Mf^fif.^' '■■'• ni ■ ■■■:■■■:■] ■ .^j-' •'•'■ 7:" ; .

,The W oflcs 01 Ckdinal 'payid \J^»Jl,t(rryn, .3^?, iti iav^ Velumes in Tft)Uo, iiV fjF'r^wc^.,' , .B^flie^Hi^rJA. l^ ,J^-^i>»fi dit Sfr.eni^irpti kay debt •• yyanef pMta^ne, . ' t-esbivjrjfi ^Oeaifes^ h.t^'DufainUjacr'emtntde jt.J^giiar^ih, ■ 4;^ -^4^^'^^^^^ -^ Ws^eti^ioifh ^He '*i weft ain fecit -

■ |rbe j?^ui^^ fr,f k pba incorgof a^ in i^i Uni verGty ©f Pam^ whom ■■ A'e! Univejijjlcys.oppofed by atjf^me^s, jprefentingfai Petitibnunto the (ijeen Regeiit'agaiiiift them, j;ji«fejfi ; laying de^'n-atfla'^ge their damU jiafjlis I^of^rine, ..an4 ftrange Eqwvocatipns... Hereupon JFaftians be» gan tri Par^y^'(^m ftaijding; foj;, oti^ersifiding 3,g3t\it& the Jt&itte$. But 3ftfc ttouds were (juick|ly dilperfe4, and the State preferved , 'for the continuance whereof J<fwj^£«rP«^«*>r, or? of the Mafters of flequefts, a itan of gfeat tearning and Judgeraenc, wrote ijnto her a Difcoutfec^ ■■■

.. ,t][Je^ '^^ pf,^<^ in- wKif ; Serg^OBs -tr^tBg-,©? irf^ jQu^ftion, WH^- ^ff,tt,^e-^LavQfHtt(rl^ pd ■>:rfuti:Bg.:/M«r»tw«'^ -Bodk and

^Iher's^' he made an exhortation tg. the jefuiies^thdt they fli6uld here- after have a great care, that no Book (hould be pubUfhcd to the pre- judice of Fr<itw«, Under the name of their Society, nor with the -

fl^prob^^i^q^ of /ihpr Superiour ,. if tVy won W not: willingly expofe the'mfelves to thole dangers, which afl their wifdoms fortified wich the Aiuchorify of , their consent friends/ eouldtiot avoid. . Fojr this did -i the J^Uiiieicomplaip, and informed agal^ft.,hin), who anfwered-for himfelfljoth wifely and difcreetly,,.,',;,ih 03 ji li.-'.:.. . - --.'•■■

,. Prober 17.. the young King w«8 Crowned. M \Rfcr7ww by Cardinal ' fdyenz.e. Oh November 26. the Great Chamber, iheTurnelle, and ihe Chamber of theEdidt being, aflembl^d. by ^naotiOu made b^Mef- 'Jfeiir. Strvia the King's firft Advocate, agajnft Rt^firmines Book touch- ing, the, Pope's temporal Power , m-^de a Decree againft the fam^ . whereat the Pope's Nuncio did mightily ftorm.

On May 27 . 1 6 1 1 . began the AfTembly of the Reformed Churches at SaHmufy whereat .tpany Dukes apd Noblemen of the Reformed .' Religion were, prefent , where ^D« Tlejjij was ckofen Prefidems; Which Aflembly ,was diffoU^'i, -September ap. ' Ma7JJicu.r de BuUioH >» letting them underftand, tha?, their Majefticsihad given him in charge to fay, that all their juft requefts fhould be favourably' anfwered, ^aud >■ wbatfoever hadbeen promifed ihould be paid. 1

^ ' " " Tht.r

ioi %l)t ccelefiafttcai %tfto?v cent, lyi

";: The Duke of £^fr»oM to manifbft his gratitude to King ;^e«>-_y til. '•his Maftef and Benefidor, begged/of the Queen Regent to give hiiilQ •leave to- perform Ms Funeral Rites^ he having' formerly-afier'thedea't^ -of thefaid Kingj* attended his Body to Com^eigncy where the misfor- -tunes of- U^r,-and the eonfiifioris of the tsires psrmitted not at.that time ■the performance ther^eof.'v ■'^'- •''"'-''^^- .■-«v^;>v.-. «. v,^..,i.v.\ n.^, . ••■^\.

The Qyecn readily confented to his requeft,.fo tbat the' butce iwith a great •company of Lorck and Gentlemen, went to fetch the bo>- jdy kom-CoTKyeigni'^itom whence he conveyed iv to Sr. i>tf«^,vfrherp it wasdepofited-in tfteafieitnt^^epBlchteqf the /iCinls oilFf^nce. ^ 4ittl e before -his ' ileatti the Diike, cauf^d' ^ Matbfe rillar, ^Me of ihe moft excellent pieces of Architedb6re(5fy»efe -late times," to' be carrf- <d and fet up inthe' Gburch- of S.^ C/pk' wherein he was fo curibus, 41S to make it to be wrought inKis'bwfthourc, and almoft in his own fight y^his d&figri feeing to found i-FSVenueoF' athoufandLiuvrcs year- ly for the fervice ofthe ChappeFt^ere it was ereded j which was alfo adorned with Pldures, andpav^ 'WitfiiMiarbiedthisoWa-fhatgr.

But fome diiiiculties arifing about thefettleirient'of ttiat ' fburidation, which could not-be^leared before iiis death, the thing (to his great ^rief jremainedunpeirfed. ' ' '^ ''' T„'u"

In the end of the year 1611. the fuit. between the Uniyeffit^^i^

-TokU, and the f efuites was decided ,' 'iWi7»y«V S'fryjw Condudfng for

the Univerfity againft the Jefuk« : ibwhom tfaefe'fbur'' AriicVes;wet.e

-propounded to be by them fubfcribed; '■ ""^ ' ' *

i.-That the General Council was above the pope.

.2, That the Pope hath no Temporal Power over Kings, and could

not by ^Excommunication depriVec -Ehem--of i*thdc Realms and

£ftates. -^a: -iari^olJiiv; ^i:d: *.:n;irivj ,t•:^-a£b sioiuc: i5v;^:a:-i

- 3.1 That Clergy-rtieh-liiving heaiiio/anfyA^ertj^s or'toiiJplpn^ againft the King or his ReaWj or any ttiattejr ofTreilon iii txi^fefli- on, are bound to reveal it to the Magiflrate-.''-'''-'^r^- •■"■'' ' ■^'[■■.:'

4. Ihit Clergy-men are fiibjeft tathePnnce,'6r Teinpottl Magi- jftratf.:. ^^-;^. . ■; /- -. -..::;./ ^^ ■-■'■- -^^-^ ;'-.*V.-""-. ' •,:"''^^"'''- • v.^nnv i6i2.;!by aDetreeof ihe-Coufft of J*afliitBii^ntia certain Book JVritten in Latine hyGafpAr 5c»^^/)5;},'mituled- Mcclefi^fiicds, tending to. the Rebellion of Subjeds agairA Sovereign Power, and containing an infinite number of execrable blafphemies , and fcandalous aflertions againft the glorious memory of the deceafed King t^etiryW.'via^ jburnt by. the. Hang-man -publickly inthe-PiIace-yirrd;' •' t ■•^*-"^;'»._ -^ v.iNear.'this xiffle flourifhed ^>THi«^^-(£^?,a t^reikS Cardin^L". -'Hf$, sgd Cardinal J'<fr-rfl;2'sxFr^«c/j Eettersf'are -efteeme'd ufefuIj'''.borh. for {he undertonding of Ecclefiaftical and'^tate affairs. He was .^ch^bia:' to Peter Ramus. One gives him this charader. Cardinftlis Ojfatus,

Gene. 17. of FRANCE.

^3

Viy ervditioKB., prudcntia, inie^ritate, fifa'vitate monim^eximie confei-^ cms. Qajfend. de uk. Pi'n'eski]^ U. I. - ■ i-| :-. ;j''-- -i^n. . _ .;,/ ,■;.

VVhrlft M .' i)ii Moulin lived in P^aris^ he- wis mv'tre*' 6y rtiaiiy Mm- verfities to accept of the Chair of EHviniiy ^ biit the Church oi Par^s would hever jjart with hitn.

TheUniverfity;of Z.FWe« didmoft conilantly court him, confideir- ing hitri ftjll-as a'thitnbef of their .Body. ■ They beganin the year 1 6i li and o^rcd'-hftti- the pfacfe of \/rf/w7m«^ then' new^y d^ad. Artd nor only the Curatoi-s by frequent addrefTes to the Church of P.»r« and to- him,- But the States by their Ambafladours, and the Prince o? Orange ,by his Letters did from time to time demand him. '; Before the- c^cath of King Hwry IV., Dis PJips dsBttd leave ofthac* Kiji^' tw iretir'^ himfelf, which the King unwillingly granted, withal- definng hilti to come fomecimes to Courr. Being returned to his Go-i- Vernraefit at Saumur, -he began his work of theMyflery of Iniquity, ;<<««o 1607. which he finilhed in nine Months.

Then he began to fet on thofe great Volumes of Baroniits, to which- fce'itnfended a Gonfuiation. ■ Dtt Perron was.much preffed by the-King' toanfw^r ^u Phffis. - His Friends, told him that the Aftion at F(?«»--' tainblfau was little to his Credit, and \iT)H Pleffts fhould die, it woaia' be then too late to anfwcr him, becaufe men would be ready totay, htdqtft, not doit in^ his lifetime : wherefore he' promifed and under-' tookthe bufinefs : and going to ^(ww^ fequeftred himfelf from other feufinefs to perform it, promifing the Po^e at his arrival iri frA^iCfCo Print his anfwer, which he faid Wasrifen^ to a gteat Volume'.-- Upon his" return the King detnanded6f hirnvKh^dhiewould Prfrit it ? he told his'Majefty that he ftayed but for fome Manufcripts iromKo^/re. Which anfwer the King ( fteing his delays ) ufed as a Proverb to foine under^ takers , whofe work went not forward, making idle excufes to him : Yes, faith .the King, I fee you ftay for Manufcripts from j/iome too, ; ' '

• Otfaubon, who was about the Cardinal, wrote to e.;5^i>?>/?f«r Du Tleffis concerning this anfwer, telling him that it was finiftied, and that himfelf had feen it. ©wP/f/JIj- defired C/f/^«to« togiv^himfrora , iiim the faraeCounfel which Chrift A\<i to Judas- mtht-Go^^d;, What thoudoji, do qHtckiy. But this Volume of anfwer never .ippeared ; the Cardinal after the King's murther accounting himfelf to be difengaged from his promife. Dit Plefu turned his Myjiery of Iniquity into Latine, , which he dilated fo faft, that his Amanuenfis had much »do with his ^ pen to keep pace with him.

After the horrid Murther of the King , he took fo good order as to keep the people about his Government in quiet : and as fooii ss he had : received an Ediftforthe Regency of the Qneen-Mocher, ht adinini- ftred the Oath of fidelity to all the Clfrg^y and Peopk- within his Juril-i

di'^tion

> »

7^7""""^^ %l)t ectitUMal !&ift£)?P Cenc. 17.

diftiou ^ mak^ifjg a, fp^ch unto the,i», in wl^ich he defired them to for^^ get the diftiriguifhing names orP<«/M/? and Prcucftatit.

A&erwards a diiTention arofe between' Movfieur Du ^o«/f« Minifter of the Church at F<«>-fcr, iVL^TUenn^^ Profeflbur at Sfi^<i», about the/ ^ effeds of the union of the natures in Chrift. The tnakiBg up of this difference was by a Nvipnal Synod held at T<7»«f zWat, referred to Msn- fieitr-puPhp^a w-b() proved the happy. Authour of a full reconciliation bejwe^n them in the y?ar , 161 +. Yet had this difference like to have - ty-o'^e forth again the ye^r following, by indifcretion for malice rather) of fome particular perfons, had not eJifonJttur -Du Pie fu iiuiiae flop- ped itsprogrefs.

In the year 161 5. Kii^ James km by §ir Theodore ^^Uj^ernprso invite T^H Moulm into, JB/tgland, to conkr with him about aNIethod of uniting all the Reformed Churches of Chriftendom, to whichiie had been often folicited hy Mo k fie k>- Vfi-Pleffu. The iflue of which voyage was, That King fames refolved to fend Letters to all Proteflant Princes, to invite chemto Union j and defired iht French Churches to frame aConfeffion, gathered* out of all thofe of other Reformed Churches, in the which unneceffary Points ipight be Icfe out, as the ^e^^nsof begetting difcor4 and diflgption. , .. , .

Two Months before U«^eai/i»'s coming into f«j/4W, VuPerroa 'had made an Oration in the States affembled at ^B/otf ; where he had niaintained, that the Pope had power to depofe Kings, and had ufed ISlTig James very ill; and having publiflied it in Print, he fent if to hisMajefty .To gnfwer tbsx OrmqnKing James made ufe o£DHM>uUns fcrvice for iht-Frtnch Language ; and ft. was Printed the firft time in , French while "I^h ALiulin was in Englofid in that year 1615. before it was Printed in Engli^i. The King going to Cambridge^ carried D^^ Moidin along with him ,. and made hiin take th€ Degree of

Doftor. . .y, ,•„- :,-.^ :,i ^ r,;.r,_ ... ^: i :^- ■.' ,^

The Doctor at his return into France Landed at BHilen., Where .^pnJkurdeComfagnoles Was ' Goyernpur for the Duke of EJperwn. it was the time when the Frfwc^ Princes bega^ntoftiragainft .Miry the Queen-Mother of France. ' And becaufe the Prince of ^<>We was courting the Reformed Chur- ches to joyn with him in that dcfign, the Dodorwas fufpeded, as having taken that journey to procure help fiom ExglandioT the Prin- ces, Wherefore C<ww/)>r^»Bi;e; was chaifged to arreft him at his Land- ing, which he didj and committed him to the Guard of two Souldiers, feized upon his Trunks and Papers, and fearched them. But after two daitSj he releafed him, defiring.him to tell no m^n, ©f the wrong he had done him.

The Doftor finding at his return, that the Proieftants began to en- gage with the Princes againft the Qucen-aiother, and incffed againft

the

<<Senc. 17. Of FRANCE.

lOJ

the King, who was then declared M^ijor by the Parliament, he diflWadcd them from it (as much as he could ^ both by Letters and Sermons. And unto him the Court was obliged, that all the Proteftant Tows on this fide the Loire kept in the King's obedience. He fliewed, that he did it not to ferve the times, but to ferve God. The declaring of the Politick AlTembly ofthe Proteilants for the Prince of C<?;7</e in the year 1 61 6. was the greateft error that ever they committed; and they fmirted for it, as foon as the young King had got more Age and vigour. ^ .

In the mean time Du Flejjis laboured much in procuring the peace of the Proteftant Churches, endeavouring to keep a good correfpon- dence between the King and them, which was continually ready to be interrupted : in which bufinefs he carried himfelf with fo much prudence and fidelity in all occurrences between them , that he was admired and praifed by all. Yea, even Cardinal DuPerton himfelf ( heretofore one of his greateft enemies ) fliewed him great refpeft in the Aflembly ot States held at Roveriy Anno 1617. Speaking of hitH in all companies with an excefs of Praifcs ; and telling the King him- felf, that thofe men had done him wrong, who had kept off J^a^/far Dm Plejfis from having a greater Power in the management of his af- fairs : And that his Religion ought not to render him unprofitable in the exercife of thofe graces which God had given him ; and that his Majefty ought to keep him near his perfon fo long as he fliould

live. Tit ".',.'-■:

After the return of' 'Dr. Du ^JMoulin out of Ettgiand^ the Jefuite Afnoiix a Court Preacher, fent a challenge to the Minifters of P^zrti to appear before the Queen-Mother to give account of their Religion, pr^jicht fire and fword againft them before their Majedies -, and fenc the;m a Pamphlet full of heavy accufations. The Doftor was charged by his Colleagues to make an anfwer to it -. which be did, arid addrcf- fcd it tothe King;

In that anfwer by way of juft recrimination he affirmed, that he had (eeninthe Colledge ofthc Jefuites at laPlefliey a Pifture of the Mar- tyrs of their Order •, and in that rank fome Traytors whohid been executed for eonfpiring againft r?he .Life pftheit Kings. That the maxims of the Jefuites were ' pernicious to Kings, whereas the Do- iftrine ofthe Proieftants maintained,. their LifCj theiif Authority and their States. '• v n< ;!/: V . ilvcicqij I >jr 1;: .-:z Lr'

Aiid the Paftours ofthe Reformed, Churches taught their people fi- delity and obedience tothe King. Then he reprefented the many Pe- rils and Combates which the ProteftaJits had fuftained for the defence of K.ing Hertry IV. till they had brought him to the Crown. Of which Tervices ihey that had been the King's enemies received the reward. This anfwer of the Minifters was prefented to the King by

Ooo the

io6 %l)t€aitt\^MBXm(tOlV Cent; 17.,

seetiiciifeof ihcVukioi Rohan. This bold addrcfs tg the King irritated the great Dr. i-« ^M'". officers of the Grown, of whom not a few,, or. their Fathers, had been of the party of cheLeague.The Jcfuites therefore letting their challenge faU, indidcd the Miniftersof Trcafon,although all the ground they could find for it was,that the Minifters called the Reformed Churches their peeple,2s if they had pretended fome Soveraigmy over, them. The Minifters being fummoHed before the Council, the indtftment of Treafon wai not much urgedj as being but a Cavil. After grave Admonitions and high threatnings by ChanceUour Brnjlart , they difraifled them.

That challenge of jr^^-wo^-v, and a Pamphlet of bis againft the confeffion of Faith of the Reformed Churches in prince, occaSoned.theDoftor to VftKthis Buckler of Faith.

A Jefuitecame to theDoftors Study todifpute with him. t^oa- fitur de Mongimt^ a famous Phyfitian, was prefent at the Conference, whereby he was converted, and fet out an excellent Book of the rea- fons why he abjured Popery. He had many encounters •, and to relate all his Conferences might fill a great Volume. Scarce was he a week without one, while he lived in Paris ^ and fome of them were very jong. He was the objeA of the pubHek hatred o£ the. Rontanifif, His name was the general Theme of Libels cryed up in the Streets, of railing Sermons in all PolpitSj and of the curfes of ignoraot Zealots.

ThePoplfli Clergy, in the year 1617. being aflembled at thehOufe oLAHjiln-Friers 'm Paris ( as every two years thfey ufed. codo) be- ing to rake their leaves of the King, eleftcd the Bifhop of ^irt to b^ iheir Spokef-man, and to ceftifie his Majefty of their grievances. In p«rforming which bufinefs, the principal thing of which he fpake was. to this purpofe, That whereas his Majefty was bound to give thein Fathers, he gave them Children. That the name of Jlbbot fignifiesa. Father , and the Fanftion of a Biffiop was full of Fatherly, authority : : vet France notwithftanding was now filled "with Bifhops and Abbot?, which are yet in their Nqrfes arms, or elfe under their Regents in , Coiledges, Nay more, that the abufegocth before the Being, Chil- dren being commonly deffgn*d-'to Bilhopricks and Abbacies bcfor^-thw wereborn. i ^■A-f.-^rr-^^^. '^''^^ ■"':'"';'"',''' ^-. He alfo made anotHer compkrnt, that th«" Soveraign Courts by their Decrees h«d attempted upon the Authority which.,was Commit* V ted to the Clergy, even in that which concerned meerly Ecclefiaftir cal Discipline and Government of the Church. To thefe complaints he gave them indeed a very gracious hearing, butit never went fur- ther than a hearing, being never followed ty rcdrcfs. The Court^pf Rarlliment knew- too well -the ftrength of their own Authority : and tb?JS$;ing was loth to take from himfelf thofe-ex<relknt advantages of

''Cent. 17. Of^KAnci. ^ 10?

binding- to himfelf bis Nobility, by the fpeedy preferring of their Children. Sothe'Clcfgy departed with a great deal of envy, and alit- deoffatisfaftion.

In the fame year the States of the United Provinces defired the Churches of England, Germany-, trance^ &c. to fend fome able Di- vines to the Synod of ^srf, whereapon the Churches off r<iK« named four, viz.. Dt.Du Aioulffjy Chamier,Eivety ini Change. But when ibe Doftor was making ready for his journey, he was forbidden by araeflenger of the Council of State offrw;;« togo»ut of the Kingdom upon pain of death. The like prohibition was made to the three other \ Divines.

Andrew 'Rivet was a Godly and Learned french Divine. He hath very well expounded Gentfis^ Exodw^ the Prophetical Pfdms and Hofeay and wrote Learnedly againft the Papifts in his CathoUcw Or- thoidoxM, and againft drotitti. Critictu facer ^ fen cenfura Patrnm^ Ifagogein S. Scrtpturam, "Synopjis dottrina denntura 0" gratia. He hath publifhed other Learned Treatifes in French and Latin,

WiHiam Rivet his Bronher, hath alfo publifhed a Learned Treatifc De Juftijicatione ; an exad French Treatifc De invocatione c^ adera- tione Sanilortfm defmiHorHm. Epifi. Afologet-,

■Daniel Chamier was alfo a Learned French man, who in his P4H' firatia (^atholtct hath fo Learnedly refuted the Papifts , that none of them hath made any anfwer to it. His EpifioU Jefnitic£y and Cor- tHi Theologvi alfo mew Tiis great abilities. There is alfo a Work of his in French, entitled, La confujioh des Difputes Pmpifies, Tar Dafti- tl Chamier. And anottier in anfwer to fome queftions of Cotton the Jefuite. He was killed at tJ^ontaubon with a Canon Bullet ( which fad a C. on it ) on the Lords day. Being asked by one before, whe-. the-r he Preached on that day ? he faid it was his day ofrepofeor teft : and fo it proved, thoueh he meant it in another fenfe.

In the year i6i8. the Loros States and the Curators of the Uni- verfity oi Ley den renewed a former demand of theirs concerning Dr. Dit Moulin to be their Divinity Reader. The Learned Erfcnius was fent twice into France on that errand. And when he could not be obtained from the Church of Parii^ they demanded by the fame Erpt- vim the famous Rivet, and had him. '^

The Queen-Mother makes an efcape from the placeof her confine- ment, and is received by the Duke of Ejpernon, Anno 16 19. And being arrived at Loches, fhe endeavours to juftifie her efcape.

Cardinal Dii Perron died Anno 161 8. charging his friends, upon his death-bed, then about him, to fend a folemn Farewel by him to Jlionfieur Dh Plejfts, and tomanifeft his forrowfornot having made a drifter League of friendfhip wichhim, having fo high an eftcem of his CoHfcience and integrity.

O ooi The

io8 ^!)e CcilefiaCttmu^ifto^p CejuTy.

,j The Queens affairs; having ill fu<;cefs, all thofe who had engaged m . :her party, ^vere abandoned to the King's meixy : but as for her felf. : ifhe was permitted to come to Court. Th? Duke oiE/pcmofjhjes down his Arnrw; and ths Marque/ de VaUnf-, by the Coramind .0^ ,

\\i

the- Duke his Father.

■ The Duke df Maye.me ttiu^tth to accept the Peace, and endeavours

to engage the Y)\At.oi Bfpermn \n his.diJcomerus • butiie tefufetb cq ,

In the y^af 1626*'* 'National Synoa qftpe Proteftants, bemg cah led at j4l<iis m Languedcc^'Dr, Dn' Monlm was fent Deputy to i^ and he made account in his return to go o*|t ^of tJbe wayto fee.^o- chel. A little before he ropk that journey, the Xerd Herbert' QitChert bitry then/^AmbaffadouE of EngUrul in pr^nce^^ urged him towti;;e tq . th'e King- his Mailer, to exhort him to undertake; vigoroufly thede-. fence of his Son in Law the King of "Bohemia. So the Dodor writ to the King, and delivered his Letters to the Lord Ambaffadour's Secre-; tary -. then immediately he went to Alm^ where he was chofen Fre- fident of the Synod.

In the mean while his tetters to King, James were delivered tq the Council of State in fr^»«, how'or by whom the Dodor could ne- , ver learn. Scarce was he in i4«^«f^or, when it was concluded at P^r« in the Council of State, that he fhould be apprehended, andconj^i'. mittfd Prifouer, for exhorting a foreign King to take Arms for the , defence of the Proteftant Churches. And heeaufe the Courjfi,! was in- formed, that the Doftor would . return,by i£oej&f/ ( a place which then .. gave great jealoufies to the Court) they would not take him before he had been there ^ the informers againft him intending to malye his going to ^oc^f/ an Article of his- indiftraenr. ;^ ^„ . •.

The affairs oi Eearn were now of fucha nature as thatth^ Kit^g;'* prefence feemed to be very necellary there-,, therefore he determines to move that way, and goes to Xiintonge^ and from thence palTetl) ovir imo <^Hien,»e. He is magriificently entertained by the Duke of Efpernon two daies at Cadillac, and departs from thence to go into Bearn. He was made believe, that the Council of this little Country would fubmit to his Royal pleafure, without obliging him to perforn) that voyage. J but, the King mud unjdergo that trouble. He went thither, where his prefence produced the fame effed it had done jn other places. He over-ran all this little Province, feizing (as he palTedJ on Navsrrtns the ftrongeft place in Jt, as he did alfo ot OrteZy and Olhrony Principal Cities of that Country. He fubverted all ihei^ ' antient Cuftomes, reftor'd the Bifhop and other Ecclefiafltcks to their Eftates and Dignities ; took away the Admii;iiAration of affairs of,th^ Country from ihofe of the Reformed Religion, and.res-eflablifhfdJti? own Authority : but he left the Governmen't of*the Province in the ' '■- ■ hands

C^enc. 17. of FRANCE. -- ,op

hands of the Marquifs deU Force fince Marefchal oi France '^ who impatient to fee his Authority cut fofhortby thcfe alterations, could hardly forbear till the King was got back to Paris^ from reducina things again to the fame pofture they were in before. He therefore laboured all the Winter to drive out the Garrifons of ^rff;c miOlU- ron'y fo that excepting Navarrens, which was kept by the Marque fs of Foianm, .whom the King had left Governour .there, he overthre.v whatever his Majcfty had done,(huffling all things again into their for- mer confufton.

During the Reign of Henry IV. who would not fee it, and the troublcfbm minority of LevfesXUl. who could not moleft them, the Pfoc eftants had made themfelves Matters of Ninety nine Towns, well fort ified and enabled for a fiege. In the opinion of their Potency they call Aflemblies (Parliaments as it were) when and as often as they pleafed. There they con fulted of the Common affairs of Religion, made new Laws of Government, removed and exchanged their gene- ral Officers, the King's leave all this while never fu much as formally ashed. Inthis licentious calling of AflVmblies, they abufed their Power irwoa negled • and in not diflblving them at his Majefties comaiand- menr, they ertcreafed their negleft into a difobedience .

The AfTembly which principally caufed the War and iheir ruine, was i\i%t oi Roehely called by the Proteftants prefentiy upon the King's journey into Bearti. This general meeting the King prohibited by. his fpecial Edids, declaring all them to beguilty of Trcafon^ which iiotwithftanding they would not hearken unto, but refolutely went oa" ^ in their purpofes.

Being Affembled , they Tent the King a Remonftrance of their grie- vances, to which the Duke L' Efdc^uiers, in a Letter to them writ-, ten, gives them a very fair and plaufible anfwer, wherein alfo he en- treats ihem to obey the King's Edift, and break offihe Aflennbly. . Upon the receipt of this Letter thofe of thcAlTembly publiflud a De- claration, wherein they verified the meeting to be Lawful, and their . purpofe not to difmifs themfelves till their^defires weregranted.

This ffront done to the King, made him g ther together his Forces •, . yec at theDuke oiLcfdiguier's requeft, he allowed them twin;y four dales refpite before his Army ihouW march towards them. He ciFered them alfo very fair and r«afonable Conditions, fuch almoft as their Deputies had folicited • but far better than thofe which they were glad to accept, when all the Towns were taken from them. In their AfTembly they made Laws and Orders, that no peace fhould be made without the confent of the general Convocaiion, about paying of the Souldiers wages, for the detaining of the Revenues of the King and the Clecgy,and the like.

^no ICIjeCCCltnafttcaMJtdO?^ Cent. \y.

The Synod at AUii being ended, Doftor D u <LMoulin hen'ing tiow the the Proteftants would keep a Politick AfTemWy at Rachel , againft the King's will, judged that it was an ill conjunfture of time ^or him togoio Rochelj and took the wayofLww/. In thatrefoluti- on he was guided by a good Providence ; for if he had gone to Rochelf he fhould have been apprehended not far from that Town after his coming cut of iti At Lions he received a Letter from Monfuar Dre<, linconrt Minifter of Paris, which gave him notice ef his danger. This warning made him baulk the high-way : yet be went to PariSj and entring the City in the night, went direftly to the Lord Herbert^ whe bad him toflie in hafte for his life, which was in danger by the inter- ception of his Letters to the King bis Mafter. That very nigbt with- out going (o much as to his own houfe, he went out of P/ir*f, with his Brother Captain John Dh Moulin to Lumigni, a houfe of the Count de la SHz,e, ten Leagues from the City, Thither came two Elders of the Church of Paris to him from tlie Confiftory, to defirc him to remove himfelf out of the reach of thofe who waited for his life. Which he did, and the next night travelled toward SeeLin, a pUce then acknowledging the Old Duke of Bovillon (% Proteftant Prince^ for Sovtrei^. To Sedan he came fafe in the beginning of the year i62j. and was kindly received by theDuketo bis houfe and Table.

This was his parting with the Church of farisy where tie iiad lived

one and twenty years. And although great means were made to ap-

;:p:afe the Court, and albeit many years after the indi<%ment againft

him was taken oflF, and leave was given him to liye in francty yet

was it with that exception, that he (hould not live in Paris,

At Sedan he was prefently defired to accept of the place of Minifter of that Church, and of the Chair of Divinity, then lately left by Ti7f- nm in difcontent, and by Andrev! Melvin by death. He accepted of thefe places, but conditionally, in cafe, that he could not obtain his rc- ilitution to Parts. He found at Sf<^;««much love and refpeftfrom the Prince and the Academy, as alfo from the Church.

Daniel Tilenw was a Learned man. He hath written Notes and Obfervations upon Bcllarmines Difputation, De Chrifio Capite ; And on his Book De SHmmo Pontifice, and his Book De Verio Dei. Other Works there are of his, as, ParanefsadScstos. Amica coUatio Ti- lenizr Cameronis. De gratia (^ voluntatis humane concur fu, Di- \fpM. de Anrichrijfo. Conpderatio fert. Jac. Arminii de Tredefii- ttationey gratia Dei, ^ libera Arhitrio-. Syntagma Difputationum in Academia Sedanenji.

j The Government of the Town and Caftle otSaumur was continued .unto 1)h S'leffis, until this year 162 1. whentbeKing falling into dif- f leafcre and lufpicion of the Proteftants, by reafon -oi tbdr high de-

- port*

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE 111

portment in the Aflembly &t Rachel, difplaced him at firft but for three %^

Months^, with a.promife of reftoring him fo foonas affiiirs fliould be • quieted in fome raeafuce. But thefe difcontents growing to an open War, he could never procure are-eftablifhrncnt, though it were con- tinually folicited, by him. Wherefore retiring himfelf to his Houfe. in the Foreft upon i?^^«>-e, he continued there till the day of his death, which followed in the year 1623. there applying hiiafelfto holy me- ditations and Exercifes of Patience.

DoAot DhMohHh having had time and occafion whilft- he was Prefident ofthe Synod of y4/^«, and in his long journey to it and from it,, to know.the evil pofture of affairs, hefound himfelf preft in Spirit towritc to the Aflembly oi Rachel: and becaufe that Epiftle isa piece that giveth much light to the Hiftory of that time, andagoodlelTon- to all that pretend Confcience and Religion for their refiftance to their Soveraign by force of Arras, I will give fome account, of it in this pjace..

Gentlemen, ,

I do not verite to you tofour myforrows intoyotn-hofom^ortotnter- feetheLtfeo?- t<bn you Vfith ?»y private crojfes^&cc. A more [m ay ting cart hath ^"^[tteabyto" moved me to write to you, and forced me to go heyond my nature, which -^i n. ViM alrvaies avcrfe from medling xvitb piblick^bujinejfis, and from moving out ofthefphere of my proper calling. For feeing the general body of theChurck in eminent danger, and upon the brinkiofadifmal Precipice, it was not poffible forme to keepflence. Sec, It becomes me not indeed to take upon me to give Counfel to an Ajfembly of Per- Jfns chofen out of the whole Kingdom to bear the burden ofthepublickj.^ affairs in a time fo full of difficulty : yet I thinks it is ufcful for you to be truly informed what the fenfe, and what the difpofttiou ts-y tf our Churches , by perfoni that have a particular h^evfUdg'i of it.

The. Quefiion then being whether you ought tofeparate your zy4f''- fembly to obey his ALijeJly, or ksi'p together to give ordef- to the affairs of the Churches, Jam obliged to tell you, that- the general") defire of our Churches is, that it may pleafe Cod to continue our peace in cur obedience to his Majefly. And that feeing the Kv;ig refahed!' to maki himfelf obeyed by the force of his Ai<ms, they-tri'.p'tkttycu' will do yaur beji to.avoid that fiovm, and rather yield unto ncce^hy^ than to engage them in a War, which iKoft certainly will mine great part of our Churches, &c. By obeying the King you jliall t.ike awity the pretence ufed by thoje that fct on his Majefly to pcrfecute us. And. if we mufi be perfecuted, all that fear (jod dcjiye that it may bffor the profeffion ofthe Cjojpel, and that our perfecurion may trttiy bt.thi crojiofChrift.. J can.affureyouthat the,greatefl and befi part- es

■«j"r

lit %l)t eCClefsafXICal l^lClO^y •-genEn-4>.

of our churches Vfi^ieth for yourftparation, if it may be with thefafe- ty of your prfons : yea, that many of the Roman Chnrch defiring the fuhlick. peace, are continmiHy about us y befeechijig and exhorting w, that xve do not by cafiing our felves headlong ini/ohe them in the fame mine. Generally our poor flocks are frighted and difmaied^ cafii^ig their eyes upon you as pet fans that' may procure their reji j and by yielding to the prefent necepty blow away the fiorm hanging over their heads. Many already have for fakcn the Land; many have for faktfi their Keltgion ; whence yon may judge what dijftpation is like to follow-, if this exafperation go on further. No more do I need to recommend un- to you to have a tender care of the prefervation of our poor Churches^ kiiowing that you would chufe death, rather than to draw that reproof h ■ upon you ^ that you have hafiened the perfecution of the Churchy and dejiroyed that which the x.eal ef our • Fathers hadplantedy and put this State in confufiony&cc,

(^onftder then whether the fubfftence of your Affembly can heal all ' thefe fores : whether your fitting can give a flielter to our Churches^ provide all things neceffary for 4 War, where the parties arefo unequal •, raife. forces,, and makj a fiockof money to pay them ; whether all the good that your fitting can produce, can countervail the dijjipation of fa many Churches that lie open to the wrath of their enemies ^ whether when they are fallen you can raife them agatn •, whether in the evi- dent divifion that ii among w, you are able to rally the fcattered parts of that divided body-, which tf it were well united^ yet would be too weakjofiand upon the defenfive part.

Pardon me, Gtnikmcn, if I tell you, thatyoufhallnotfnd all our Troteflants enclin'd ahke to obey your refolutiens -, andthat the fire be- ing kindled all about, you jliall remain helplef beholders of the ruine . you have provoked. Neither can it be unknown to yoUy that many of the befl .{Quality among m, and be ft able to defend m, do-openly blame your aUions, prof effing thatfujfering for this caufe ii not fi*ffiringfar the caufe of God. Thefe making no re fifiance, and opening the Gates -of their places ^ or joining their arms with the King's, yau may eafily judge what lof, and what weakening of the party that will be. How •many of our Nobility will forfake yon, fame outofconfeienceyfome oitt of treachery, fome out of weal{"ef ■' Even they who in an ^ffembly aft rnofl vehement in their votes, andto fhew themfelves Zealom are alto- gether for violent wales, are very often they that firfi revolt andie- 'tr^y their Brethren. They bring our dijireffed Churches tothehottefi danger and there leave them, going away after they have fet the hoHjfe on fire.

If there be once fighting, or befieging of our Towns, whatfocver may the tjfue be of the Combat e or the fiegCy all that while it will be hard to keip the people animated ^gainfi w from falling upon eur Churches ^

. " thai

Cent. \7. Of FRANCE. " li}

that have neither retreat fjordefence, jindwhst order foeverthe Ma- gifirates of contrary Keligion take about it , they Jhall never be able to cowpaj? it.

Certainly this ftirring gfyoHri is altogether unfeafonable, and yen fet fail again fi vfind and tide. If any thing can helpy it muji he the x,eal of Religion, &c.

But in this chufe youjhall find that z.eal languishing, becaufe mofi of ear fiofle believe, that this evil might have been avoided without any breach to our Confcience^ &c.

IVhen I call to mind ourfeveral loJfeSy at that of Leftoure, Privas, and Beam, / fnd that we our felves have contributed to them : and it is no wonder that our enemies take no care to remedy our faults, and join with MS to do m harm. But hence it follows not, that we muji fet our houfeonfire our felves J hecaufe others are refolved to burn it-, or take in band to remedy particular lojfes by means too weak^ to redref them, but firong and certain to ruine the general. God who hath fo many timet diverted the Counfels tak^n for our ruine^ hath neither lofi his Towers nor altered his Will, we jhall find him the fame fiill, if we have the grace to wait for his ajfijlance, not cajiing our felves headlong by our impati- ence, or fetting our minds ehfiinately upon impojfihilities. Certainlyy although our enemies feek^ our rnine, yet they wiH never undertake it openly without fame pretence, other and better than that of Religion^ which We mufl not give them. For if we keep our. felves in the 'obedience which Subjells owe to their Sovereign, joufliall fee that whilji cur Enemies hope in vain that we fiiallmake oi^r felves guilty by fame difobedience, Godwillgive themfome other work^, and afford at occajions tojhew to his Majefly, that we are a Body ufeful to his State, and put him in mind of thefignal fervices that our Churches have done to the late King of glorious memory. But if we are fo unfortunate, that whilfi we keep our felves to our duty, the calumnies of our enemies prevail ^ at leaji we pall get fo much, that we pall k^ep ail the right on our fide , and make it appear that we love the peace of the State.

Notwith Handing all this, Gfflltlemen, you may and ought to take order far the fafety of your perfons. For whrreas his Ma'jcfly and his Council have faid often, that if you feparate your felves, he will let our Churches enjoy peace, and the benefit of his £ diets, &:c. And whenfoever you Petition for your f.tfe dijfolution, I truji it wiH be en fig to obtain it, if you make poffible requcfis, and fitch as the mifery of the time and the prefent neceffity can bear. And in the mean time yon may advife before you part, what fliould be done, if notwithftanding your feparation we fljould be opprefi. That order your prudence mayfind, and it it not my part to fuggefi it unto you, ,i ' ■

ii4 X^e ccclefiaflical ^tGo;t^ cent. 17.

:c-,p.

It

Jf by propounding thefe things mro ycftf J have exceeded the limits vf difcretion^ J hope yon will impute it to my- z,eal for the good and pre- fervation of the Church- And if this advice of mine is rejected, this comfort I pmH hme, that I havr difcharged my Confcience : and reti-^ ring myfelfmtofome foreign Country, there IrviS endthofe few daies I have yet to live, lamenting the lo^oftheChttrch., and the defiruClion of the "Temple, for the building whereof T havelahoured with much more coHrage and fidelity than fuccef. The Lord turn away his wrath- from Hi, direti your z^fembly .^ and preferve yoitr Perfons, I rejiy &c.

From Sedan February i2t 1^21.

vid.r.H.his Thefe men not onty gave Audience to Ambafladours, andreeeivcd p^v,''" , 5 Letters frotnforreign Princes, but alfb importuned bis Majefty to have a general liberty of going into any. other Countries, and affinging in their Councils a matter of fpeeial importance. And therefore the King upon a fortfight of the dangcrs,wifcly Prohibited them to go te any Affemblies without a particular Licence, upon pain to be declared Tray- tors.. Since that time growing ipto greater ftrength, whenfoever they bad occafion of bufincfs with King Lewes, they would never Treat with him but by their Ambafladours, and upon fpeciai Articles.. An ambition above the quality of thofe that profefs themfelves Sorbonets, and the only way, ( as De Serres noteth ) to make an Eftate in the State, But the anfwers made unto the King by thofe oijilerack, and iLMontauban, are pregnant proofs of their intent and meaning in this^^ kind. The firft being fummoned by the King and Army July zz^. Anno 1 62 1, returned thus, That the King fhould fuffer them to^n joy their Liberties, and leave their Fortifications as they were^or'them. for their lives, and fo they would declare themfelves ,icrbe his good Sub- Jefts.. They oiMontaubanindi, That they w«re refolved to live and. die in the Union of the Churches j butfaid not for theferviceofthe r^ing.

This Union and Confederacy of theirs, King Lewe: ufed to call ,. the ^ommon-wealth of Rachel: for trie overthrow of which be alwaias protefted, that he had only taken Arms. On the fecondof y^/ri/ before he had as yet advanced into the Field, he publi/hed a Declaration in fa- vour of all thofe of the Proteflant Religion, which would contain, themfelves within duty and obedience. And whereas htat of Tours at the beginning of the Wars had tumultuoully moleftedtheProteftants. at the burial of one of their dead, five of them by the King's fpecialc Commandment were openly executed.

When.

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. ,,j

When the War was hotteft abroad, thofe of the Reformed Religion at Varii lived fecurely, and had their accuftomed meetings ztCharen- ton-^ fohadthofealfo of other places. Moreover when tidings came to Faris of the Duke oi Mayennes death, (lain before iJMontmheiny and the French according to their hot-headed difpofition breathed out nothing but ruine to the Hugomts •, the Duke of Monthaz.on, Go- vernour of the City, commanded their Houfes and the Streets to be fafe- ly Guarded. And when this Rabble had burnt down their Temple at Charenton, the Court of Parliament on the day following ordained that it fhould be built up again in a more beautiful manner, and that at the King's charge.

The foreraentioncd Letters of Dr. Du Moulin being read in the Af- Tembly at Rochet^ raifed much conteftacion. In the end the violent Party prevaling, it was refolved, that Monfienr de laMillitiere fhould vintnoDu Du Moulin \n thenaracof thcAflembly, to defire him that he would not impart the faid Letters unto any, and to tell him that bis advice was not approved. Yet his advice was fo reliflied by fome ofthe AfTembly, that they arofe, and prefently left it, and never re- turned to it again.

But the violent men in the Aflembly did good fervice to the Court by.their violence, and were feed by the Court to thruft their Brethren into a precipice, and give to the King the long defired occafion to take from the Proteftants the places granted to them by his Father's Edid. The forenamed MilUtiere vns one of thofe violent men, who after- wards forfook his party and his Religion • and by his working and unhappy wit he hath created much trouble unto the French Churches.

The Duke of EJpernon now receives a Commiffion from the King to march with an Army to reduce Beam, (which the Marquefs de la Force had excited to new Commotions) to their duty and obedience. The Marquefs having intelligence that the Duke was coming againfl him, fends to divert the Duke from coming into Beam ; but that not taking effed, he fends one Charles, the principal Minifter of Beam unto him. Thisperfon in the quality of a Deputy from the Country, was fent to reprefent to him the fterility of the Country, the poveny cf the inhabitants , and difficulty of the waies, and the refolttion of the people to make a fmart refiftance, Hiould they ( who were in a very good difpofition at prefent) be urged tothclaft extreams. But the Duke having flatly told him , that the end of his Expedition was to caufe the King to be obeyed, and to chaftife all thofe that fliculd rebell againft him, he was fent back very much aftonifhed at fo brisk a reply.

The Bearnois now gave themfelves for loft : their high vaunts but a few dates before, chat they would defend their Religion and their Coun-

Ppp a tries

Ill

%^t€tt\t^nixm\^\ftoiv Cent. {7^

tries libercy to the laft man, were coavened into a pannickfear •, fo that on a fudden whole Cities were left defolate , men of the beft qua- lity among them, with their Wives and Children , feeking their Gtety in their flight, out of a juftapprehenfion of all the punishments an offen- ded Prince might reafonably infliftupon a ftubborn and mutinous people. In this general confternatioa of the Bearmis the Duke drew near to - 0.nez.j the Caftle whereof was very ftrong, and had of late been for- tified, and furnifhed with all neceffaries of War, whith alfo {hut up the pafsof the whole Country^ and was of fo advantageous afcituation, as was very eafie to be defended. But thofe wiihin no fooner heard- that the Duke h:d fent for Cannon from Navarrens to force thera, but they prefently fi^rrendered without flaying till they could be brought up. ..."

The Marquefs de U Force hiimg intelligence af the furrender of Ortez,, made hafte to be gone : and the Duke itifmediately advancctb from O.rtez. to Olhrm^ where fome Fortifications had lately been made, which were aUq at bis .^gearing deferted, without the leaft fhew of op- pofition^ -; .^fit^: •;'■ ;,.:■ ic f. ; vini ■.■:

At length the fear of the Duke's feverity, that had before frighted every one from his habitation, being converted into an abfolute confi- dence in his Clemency and goodnefs, every one return'd to his own- borne* The Cities which at bis coming had been almoft totally defert- ed, were on a fudden re-inhabited, infomuch that from that time for^ ward alkheDuke had todo> was only to receive the tenders and pro- teftations of their obedience, and to &t down Rules for their Civil Go- vernment,, which were ordered with much wifdom and juftice. He took fuch care to reconcile the interefts of Religion, that both parties were fetisfied with the equal fliares he divided betwixt them in the publick adminiftration. And alJ this was performed in lefs than three weeks time ;, his journey thither, his flay ihere, and his return thence^' being in dl not two month's expedition.

The Marquefs de la Force had fled from VaH^'m fo great hafte, that be had left his Wardrobe, Cabinets, and Papers at random, of all which- the Duke took care to have an Inventory taken^ leaving them fiife, Ceal'dup, in the cuftody- of a perfon in whom- he knew the Marquefs- repofed an entire truft.

Now the Duke retreats out of Biarn to Sx.Jtan d' jingeli^ a Protc- ftant Town in France. In this Town, one Mr. l'Flf//?3 a Scotch man, was Preacher to the Proteflant Church, where his Miniftry was blefied with, much fuccefe. That Town- had been twice bciieged ^ and God' Co ordered things , that the King did parley wiibihe Town on favou- rable terms, and did only himfelf with his Court come into the Town- without doing any violence. On the following Lord's day fome of t|ie Proteftants in that place fearing Mr, ITf/A his hazard, earnefilyde^

fired

Cent. ,i|r.> of F R A N C E. nj*

fired him not to Preach, the Court being there : but he adventured to Preach the word unto his people, and on that day had a great Audito- ry both of friends and others ; but in Sermon time a Great man of the Court, with forae of the King's own Guard, were fent to bring him forthwith before the King. Whilft hewasentring the Church,, wherein he found forae difficulty by reafon of the multitude, Mt.lVelfi turned himfelf towards that entry, and defired the people to give way to one of the great Peers of trance^ who was coming in. But when he drew near the Pulpit to execute his Commiffion, by putting force up- on Mr. Wel^^ he did with great authority fpeak to him before all the • people, and in the name of his Matter Je/iw Chrifl charged him not to difturb the worfliip of God ^ whereat the Nobleman was fo ftartled, that he fate down and made no further trouble.

The Sermon being ended, \AuWd^i with much fubmifliQn went to the King, wht) was then greatly incenfed.^ and with athreatningcoun- tenance asked what he was •, and how he durft Preach Herefie fo near his Perfon, and with fuch contumacy carry himfelf. To which with due reverence bowing himfelf, hedidanfwer. I.4m.( Sir), the Servant and Minifter oijefw Ckrifi, whofe Truth I Preached this day •, which if your Majefty tightly kneijCj^ye would hayc judged it your duty eg have come and heard. /■.,;.?•. ;. ,;) :.

And for my Dodrine, I diithis day Preach thefe three Truths t* your people, i . That man is falkn, and by nature in a loft condition ; yea by his own power and abilities is not able to help himfelf out of thateftate. 2. That there is no falvation,. or deliverance from wrath by our own merits, but by Jefiis Chrift and his merit alone. 3 . I did alfo Preach this, day the juft liberties of the Kingdom of France ^ that your Majefty oweth obedience to Chrift only, who is Head of the Church; and that the Pope, as he is an enemy to Chrift and his Truth, fo alfo to the Kings of the Earth, whom he keepeth under (lavery to liis ufurped power. Whereat the King for a time, keeping filence, with great aftonifhment turned to fome about him, and faid, Surely-, this uammofGod. Yea, the King did afterwards commune wiih-him,:ancL with much refpedl difmifTedhim..

The year following, whilft the dift'erences between the King and the Protcftant party didgrow, the City was again befieged, taken;, and in, part facked, as Mr._WeiJ1} had publickly foretold j at- which time the King pafled a ftrid order, thar none fhould in. ilw Icaft. wrong Mr... Weljh , or any thing that belonged to him, under hightft pains, ar/d; ' did after give a ftfe-conduft to him for tranfporting himfelf into Ea- glandjViheK dc i\id.

The Duke of EJperuon having now received the Command of the Ar- my, fets down before Kochcl Attbe end oi July .• but, ih? taking oJ" thia.- ' City W'as rcfervedfor the K'Bg himfelf.

Whilst

ivS %i)t ettittMxtm^i^ox^ ccntT^

Wbilft.che Duke hy before Rafhely the King had wiih extraordinary MigoutiptakfUKd his defigns in Gfiiemje, where he had compell'd moft of ib€ places pofleiTed by th€ ProtcftaBts in that Province to fubmit to bis Power. He had reduced Berber ac, St.foy, Tuimirol, Tournottj Mortjiwqitm, with feveral others: beficged and taken C/fr^c, and at laft laid iiege to 3cri7?;f<»«i'/JM, though herein he had not been To fuccef- ftjl as in hisother enterprifes : fo that the year ending with this variety of accidents, his Majefty was conftrained to return to taris^ where he abode until the cnfuing Spring.

Th« Winter being fcarce over, Monjteur Sotibiz.e having fortified himfdf in the Ifleof Ree\ and fome other Iflands oiPoiElou^ thought the difficulty of their accefs woidd proted him from the Royal power : feut the King paffed over the marill^es, and gave him fo notable a defeat, that he could not of a long time after recover that blow, nor put him-, felf again into any tolerable pofture of War.

In the beginning of the year 1622. the Count oi Soijfons had the charge of the Army which lay before Rochel, conferred opon him : and the Duke of£/^fw»«is fent to lay fiege to ^oy4« , which is a lit- tle City built upon a very high Rock by the Sea lide, inaccelfible on that (idc toward the water, theheight whereof breaking off the impetuofi- ty of the winds, at the foot of the Precipice affordeth a very fecure harbour to fo many veflels as it could contain. This harbour was defen-' ded by an ancient Caftle rais'd upon the eminence of the Rock •, and in ibemidft of it a little way was levell'd, that led to the harbour by one of the Gates of the City. On that fide toward the Land the fcitu- ation was more even, but there alfofo well Fortified, that it was thought to be one of the raoft tenable places for its Circuit in France. And it was almoft without danger to be defended, forafmuch as after their outworks (hould be taken (which could not be til] after a longfiege^ the convenience of the Sea, and the vicinity of Rochel, rendered their- rctreat at any time fo eafie and fo fecure that it was to be defended to the laft extream.

But by the Dukes admirable Conduft, and the valour of his Souldiers, this place was in a few weeks reduced to the King's obedience.

The King's Army now marcheth into Guienne, where at his Ma- icfties arrival he found Monravet taken by the Duke d' Elbauf •, and Themeins after a long and obftinate refiftancc furrendered to the fame Duke. Le Mont de Marfan with feveral other confiderable places were alfo reduced to his obedience by the Marquefs de It Force^ de Lh' jignan^ and deCaftelnau de Chalcjfe, who had taken them in.

His Majefty pafled fpeedily from (juiemie into Langnedoc. Nigri' foltjfe, a little Town of ^ersnupon his way, was fo impudent as to iland afiege ; but it was fbon taken by aflault , and there the Soul- diers (hewed tl^ very rigour of feveriiy, which cither a barbarous Vifior

could

II

p^

Cent. 17^ Of FRANCE.

could inflid, or a vanqui/hed people fuffer : for they fpared neither man^ woman, nor child, all equally fubjed to the-auelty of the fword and the. Conquerour : the Streets paved with dead^carkafTeg^che channels running with the blood of Chriftians ^ nonoifeln the Streets but of fuch as were welcoming death, or fuing for life. And when the Souldiers had ipade the Women the fubi«fts of their lufts, they made them after the fubjeds of their fury; in this o'nly pitiful to that poor and diftreffedSeXjthat they fuffered ihem not to furvivc their honours. Such ofthein who outr of fear and faintnefs had made but little refiliance, had , the favour to be ftabbed : but thofe whofevertucgnd courage maintain 'd their bodiesva- liantly from the rape of thofe villains, had the fecrers of nature filled with Gun-powder, and fo blown into afhes. St. Amonin having after a fiege furrendercd to mercy, the neighbouring places thought it con- venient to flie to the King's Clemhicy,to ivack the trial of his vidorious Arms.

: Then the King befiegeth tJ^fofitpelier^ md after much blood fpilc theDUke of^ff^^w wasglad to makeufe qfa jundurewhereinhispar- ty had fomeiittle advantage, to procure a more favourable peace,, whiclt was accordingly figned before Montpelier, Gilober 22.. 1622. and, (^alongts furrendred up the place to hisMajeftie's bund, who if he had by his courage woo himfelf a great reputation in the fiege, he ob- tained no iefs by his ingenuity ia thg handfora manner of his fubmiffion \ to the King. "Hie King made bis etitrance into t|ie City, and having ! taken order for the defence of the City, he returned towards ?mit .• and ''» in the yearidz'j. the Duke otEJpernon- arrives z\. Paris with a nu- merous train, where he was received by the King and the Queens with- great kindnefs. All hisaccompts, and the other affairs that moft re- quired his prefenceat Faris, were in Iefs than four Months difpatched,. fo that toward the latter end qiJfriim^hi^^^l^^, he began to think of his return into <?;«>«w^ -,:>(-'• ;,.,/ i;,i ,-iOqt,' ii ;?t)ir>

CitA\n\\ Sichlieu wjis after his depirajrc made Prime MiniHer o£ State, who foon (hews himfelf to be oppofite to the Duke» '^^^

The peace that had been concluded before Mdntfelicr in the year vi.i. t.'ic nm^. 'E622. had hitherto continued the affairs of the Kingdom in fnme re-^^ft^iifiot" pofe: and ahhough, thofe of the Reformed Religion ex prcOld forae '1?'!';:;,^^^ difpofitions tod new Commotion', there was as yet no manifcft breach. SoHbiz.ey by an attempt madfe upon the King's Shipping at BUver, *

made the firft breach. All the reft of the party broke into Arms at the fame time, and the Duke of Rohan, who had long been known to be the Head of that palrty, ftirredthem into infurredion. A promptitude in his PaniZans fo much the more to be wondered at , as he com- manded a fort of people whofe obedience was only voluntary. . Montanhan was one of the Cities not only of Guiemic, but alfoo^-' the whole Kingdom, that engaged the deepeft in this revolt, tlie Tnha-

kitsuit»

^iib %l)t€aMa&im^iftOl^ Gent. If.

btcants whereof bybaving had a fiege raifedfroin before their Walls, arid by having baffled a Royal Army, even when animated by the pre- fence of the King himfelf, began to think theinfelves invincible, and their -City a place not to be taken.

■■•'■ The King thcrefote fent order to the Duke oi Ejperfwn totakeArmsi which he did, arid laid wafte the Country about Montanban. Many fmari engagements there were, with great lofs of men on the fide of the befieged, who made a vigorous refiftance. Many lamentable ob- jeds were every where to be fcen : itomPkqueros ( a place famous for having been the King's qD3rter daring the fiege of ^oBf^wf-^w, and from whence the whole Plain betwixt the Rivers Tarn and Vairan lay open to the view) fo foon as theobfcurity of the night gave colour to the fire that had been kindled by day, one might have feen a thoufand fires at once : the Corn, Fruif-trees, Vines and houfes were the aliments that nourifhed this flame.

''SoHhiz.e in the mean time endeavours to divert the Duke from hijg enttrprize by Landing three thoufand five hundred Foot, andfomc few Horfe mihtXovict Gafcony in the Country of t<5?/efi!oc. This lit- tle Country ( which IS almoft all the Duke's) environs a great part of the Metropolis of Bitrdeaux, extending it felf to the v* ry Gates of the City : but SoKbiz.e was ftiamefuUy repulfed ; his Forces routed ; the few that efcapcd the Vigors hands with much ado recovered their Ships, leaving theirdead, tHeirArms, Artillery and Baggage, as infallible tefti- cndnies of a total defeat,

\" About the year 1623. the famous Book of Cardinal 1>u Perron' againfl; King James of famous memory, came forth. That Book was extolled by the Rowanifls with great brags and praifes. His Majefty be- ing efpecially interefled and provoked by that Book, was pleafed to recommend the confutation of it to his old Champion V>t.Du Moulin, who undercook it upon his Majefties Command. And that he might attend that work with more help and leifure, his Majefty invited him to come into Englmd. And together being moved with compaffion by the adverficies the Doftor had fufFcred for his fake, he offered him a refuge in England^ promifing to take care of him, and ta employ hira in one of his Ufiiverficies. He accepted that Royal favour. Fie fet out of Sedan in March 1624. and went "to Bntxels and Antwerpy and fo to Holland : whence after feme daies ftay ziiht Hague mth his wor- thy Brother in law Doftor Rivet, he took Shipping for England, . He wasgracioufly received by his Majeftyi

God vifitcd him with a grievous ficknefs, by an heavy oppreffion in his Hypochondries, with an inflammation of black choler,which feldom let him fleep, and kept him in perpetual agony. Yet even then he fpent much time in his great work againft Cardinal D« Perron, and preached often in ihe French Church. In the depth of his pain gnd anguifli he

was

Ccnt.ir. Of FRANCE. ui

was beyond meafure afflided with the perfecutions that ruined the Chur- ■ches of France^ and the divifions then increafing in the Churches of England.

There was at I,(7«</o« at that time the Marquefs <i'£|^4f, extraordi- seethe ufe of •nary Ambafladour oi France, a zealous Papift, who uporj a falfe infor- Dr.u« aiouun, mation of Fijiur and other Jefuites that were about him, that Doftor Du tJi^oulin by his long watchings and other melancholy fumes, was decayed in his Intelleduals, did malitioufly invite him to his houfe, to engage him in a Conference, and in(ult over his weaknefs. After dinner the Ambafladour defired him to hear a 5comyfc man, who would tell him thereafons that made him leave the Proteftant Religion to em- brace the Caiholick.The Scottijh man then afllfted byFai/^jf r,and others of his fort, made an elaborate Difcourfe half an hour long of the Church of St, Krfr's Primacy, of fucceffion of Chairs, and the like. When he had done, the Doftor tefumed all his points and allegations in the fame order, and anfwered them with his ordinary vigour, and pre- fence of wit. And becaufe the principal matter in queftion was about the Marks of the true Church, he maintained that the Profeffion of the true Doftrine was the Mark of the true Church : and thence took occafion CO lay open the foulnefs of the errors of Popery with fo much pregnan- cy, that the Ambafladour a Cholerick man, rofe from his feat in great fury, and gave many foul words to the Doftor, who thereupon went out and returned home.

But the Ambafladour fent his Coach to him the next day, and invited him to dinner. And after dinner the Scottijh man fpake again of the fame points : and when the DoAor in his anfwer had turned his Di- fputeagainft the grofleft errours of Popery, incompatible with the true Church, Ff/fc<rr would have taken the 5coff/]i; man's part : but the Am- bafladour *s paflion gave him no time to^fwer,but broke vehemeiitlyout, faying, that he could hear no longer that one fhould revile before hira the Catholick Religion, and maintain to him that he did wilfully damn himfelf, his Wife and his Children. TtKn the Dodor went out of his houfe.

Soon after King James fell fick of the Sicknefs whereof he died. That death of his Royal Patron, and thePlaguq raging in Landon^ioort perfwaded the Dodor to return to Sciirfff. The labour of the journey, and the intolerable heat of the fcafon increafed his ficknefs: which to heal, the Phyfitians of Sedan made him drink Spaw-wiiers, which were brought loWimkomSpawio Sedan. Thcfe waters brought him to a mofl: violent Feaver, and the Feaver confumed all thofe humours and winds that oppreft him, and left him in health. So he re- turned to his former Fundion in the Church and Univerfity, ferving God with chcarfulnefs and afliduity, and blefled with great fuccefs. ■ He lived at Sfdan thirty and three years from his return moZngland

Q,qq onto

uz %U ettltfiMtBil^iiJttMV Cent: '\7>

unto his death, without any notable change in his condition, but one - of publick concernment by the, tniferable change of the Duke of Bo-- iiilUn. . . , ■

• That D,uke being Pripce; of Sed:if7',[iW PTbK&om 0I3 flourifBing. Pj;oteftant Church, andl'tbe refuge of rrianyopprefled Proteftants in ' f ranee, was perverted byfallirigi-nloVe with a beautiful Lady, a Sub- )cd born of the Spaniard, anct' a Papift ofthedeepeft Jefuicifh dye, which feduced and. turned him both to the Romijh Religion, and to the. Sp<2«i(J' Party,, Soon after the Duke declared hittjfelf a Papift, to the incredible lofs of the Proteftant Party. .

S«a(<«» wasgrownby the perfecutionsin Ff^^jcf. The greatell num- ber and the richeft fort, confifted of the Pofterity of perions that had . tranfported, their Families and their Eftates \o Sedan, during the Wars , of Religion-, and that place was a refuge at hand for the Proteftams . when any trouble arofe in France. This change therefore in the Prince wrought aj great confternation in the people ofSedaiJ, and a great grief in the generality of all the frenchTioieR.3i.ms, Which the Duke of Bo- . villen perceiving^and judging,that as they lived at Sedanupon the account of their Religion, they might retire from it upon the lame account, he .called the Church and the Univerfity, and told them', that he would lend : them, the fame Proteftion as before, and innovate nothing. Only where- . as he gathered the Tythes of his Dominions, and therewith gave wages tothe Miniftcrs, Profeffours, and Regents, as alfo Stipendstothe Priefts • _ now the Priefts muft have the Tythes as their ancient right,and he would ; pay to the Minifters, Profeffours, andRegents, their ordinary Stipends, out of his own Eftate, ,

Sedan enjoyed that reft for a year or two, till the Duke won by his Wife to forfake the Protedion which he enjoyed under the King of France who paid hisGarrifon, agreed with the 5p<2»^^>-<5/ to put himfelf , under his Proteftion, to turn out the French Garrifon and receive his j Which Plot being difcovered by fome oi Sedan., was made known to the French Court, and fuch order was taken, that the Duke's defign was prevented, Himfelf, his Lady, and all his Retinue, were turned out . oi Sedan, andarekeptout of it to this day, and the place continueth un- der the fubjeftion oi France.

This year the Inhabitants of the ^/ro/«w were much diftreffed. The Kalto line is i Country fcituateat.the foot of the ^/jpf/, not unlike a great, ditch, feparated by the high Mountains from the (jrifons, and thofe which are on the Coaft oi Italy. It is not of very large extent, not above twenty Leagues in length, and one in breadth, but is very fertile, , and of great importance, ferving as, a Gite to the Spaniards and KenC' tians,toht\ng Forces out oi Germany \x\\.o Jtaly, as well to defend as to increafe their States. The Fe^^mW/ were not ignorantof.it, when Shcy were embroiled with Pope Taul V. Anno 1603. They made a

League

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.

nj

League with i\\t(jnfons, who are natural Lords of it, to have free paf- fage through it, as their occafions (hould require, though prance had the only power to difpofe of it, according to the Treaty made with them by Lewes XH. and renewed by Henry IV. Anno i6oz. du- ring the time of his own life, the life oi Lewes XIIL andeightyears after his deceafe.

Which Alliance with them gives great offence to the Spaniards ^which caufed them to make another League with th^ (jrifonsjio whom the fame parages were afllired for the fafeguard of Milan. But after a long Treaty made in the yeari6i3.thefe two new Alliances were overthrown, and that of France re-fetled, which was not for any long time : for. from the year 1617. to the year 16^1. there were nine infurreftions" among them. Atlaft the Faltolines made a general revolt, and at the, perfwafion of the Governour of ^?7rf», maffacred all the I*roteflants they met with. In July 1620. the Governour ofMiUnknt them Soul« diers, and builded them Forts in their Valley.

The French King then being engaged in re-taking thofe Towns which the Hugonots had gotten into their pofleffion, could not fuccour the Crifons with his Armies, but fent Ai'M.3.tihi\ de Bajfompiere^ extra- ordinary AtnbafTadour ivAo Spain^ in his name to demand that the VaU ioline might be rcftored, and all things replaced into their former ftate. It was obtained, and accordingly it wasfigncdat ^JMadrid in May 1 62 1, on coridition that certain great liberties might be accord- ed to the Catholicks there ; and with a Provifo, tha,t t%eC;4«t(?«;ofthe Swiffes and the Kaltolines fhould encUne the Grlfons to confent, to what Ijad been agreed upon. i

But the SpijKi/jr^i procured the CathoHck Cantons to deny their con- fents, which being wanting theywould put off the execution of the whole Treaty •, and moreover made one at Milan with the Deputies of the Grijons, and two others with the fame Grifons. and the Arch-Duke Leo- poldjhy which they got great advantages in thofe Countriesjand fo kept to themfelves the power, of paffitig any. Forces through that Country.

France never made any difficulty of according to any thing which might contribute to the exercife of the Catholick Religion iniheFal- toline, orfor fecurity of all fuch as m ide profeflion thereof. But they would never agree to thofe demands which the Spaniards made con- cerning the having of paffagcs, with fo much pcremptorinefs. During which time Pope Gregory XV. died, and Vrban VIII. being fet in his place, propofed new Articles of Accommodation, which compri fed as much as could be of advantage for the Church and Catholicks, which were readily accepted of by France, but as ftoutly rejcfted by the Spaniards, for that it did not grant to them the enjoyment of the paffa- ges. Then Cardinal Richlieu advifed the King not to ftand dallying upon the means of a Treaty, as formerly, but forthwith to make ufe

Q.qq a of

17^^ '^ Xljeccclefiailtcai i&illo^p cem. 17

of his Arms to reduce thero to terms of juftice. The King refolvcs^ to fend the Marquefs </e Cff««rfJ to the Cantans o( the Swijfes {ot the- Grifons affairs, at the fame time that the Sieur de Bethune was difpatcb- ed toward Rems. His inftruftioiis were ; firft to re-unite all thc- Swiffe Cantons with his Majefly, to difpofe the Catholicks to give their affent to the Treaty of t^<ji/)'«<^, andtoefpie, if in this re-union there mightnot Come way be found out, for to re-place the Garrifons into the Soveraignty of the Kaltoline^ The fecond wa& to be kept private- if the firft took effed ; elfe he was commanded to encourage the Cri- fnns to rife, who fhould receive affiftance from hisMajefty, offuch Troops as fliould beneceflary, according to fuch orders as .fliould be- received. ■ .i: ■..•■; 'i ■ ;■/

Then the Frenah King, Duke of 5««<wo)i„ and Gomxnon-wealth* of Fenke , matte a League for. the reftitution of the FaltO'^ line..

The Marquefs deCoenures takes the field to make himfelf Matter of> theEortsiii th: FaltoUne, which were all taken in the three firft Months of the following year. N>wQrdjers are fent to the Marquefs to pro- fecuce his Conquefts there. The: Pope feems to the Cardinal <5r /<«' yalftte indthi Sieur de Bethme, to be very angry that the King fhould- attempt opon the Forts in the f^altoline which were in his keeping, and' fends the Sieitr Bernardino Nary to his Majefty, to teflifie to him bis-: greatdifcontentatit.

The Kingof S^^w to bi:eak the League between the French Kin^ther Duke oi Savoy, ini^t Venetians., negotiates another between himfelf. and the Princes of Italy. The Spaniard fpreads abroad defaming' libels againft the League of frdww, ^f»»«, and 5<?w^.

Thofe great lofiTes which the Proteftants had fuftained for fome pre- ceding years in Btarn and Languedoc, alwaies kept them waking, efpecially after the Peace of tJ^ontpelier - they well perceiving, tbac thofe fraall Routs which they had fuffered^ did. threaten their Party with- anutter deftruftion. ' ■■■■>.■

The Spaniards therefore laboured very much to get the Sieur deSonbiz-e sndRohan (who were the only eminent perfonsjto Command their Arms> Their defign took efFcd. Thefe two Brothers, being met at Caflres., re- folved to raife thofe of their Party ; the one by Sea at Guienne,. and the other ia Languedbc,. The attempt upon the Fortof^/^Jz/ez-fothcrwife Port S»^ Levees ) of which we have fpoken before, was an efFeft of that refolution, as alfo the endeavours of the Duke and Duchefs oi Rohan be- gan at the fame time in Languedoc. to draw in more Towns in to theis? Party.

But the \AzTc^t{i de Ragny was fent in all hafte into Langnedoc with certain Regiments to oppofe the firft Commotions •, and to employ saaay perfons of difcretion to afTure himlelf of the Counfels of the

chie£

Cent. i;'. Of FRANCE.

»i5

chief Towns, and by this means moft of them^ kept within their duties.

5o«^^«?publilT-it a ManifeftjWhich founded an Alarm to all the Prote- flant Party, making them to believe that their utter ruine was concluded on in the King's Council. That the lofs of their Religion was inevi- table^ if they did not defend themfelves by Arms : and that the raifing of Fort Saint Levies built by Rochel, was a fign of it. He fuggefted to them, that the Catholicks were of opinion in moH ot their Books , that they were not obliged to keep Faith with He- reticks.

Moft were taken with thefe reafoiis, becaufe the Duke of Jtohan dapt into fome Towns certain Gentlemen and Captains of his own Re- ligion, to encourage them, and to ftir up the Popular Minifters, who after this looked for nothing but when, to rife ; not confidering that the infurredions which they were carried to,werc contrived by the Spa' nurds, who pretended not to makcufe of them, but only to divert and draw ofFthe King's Arras from Italy ^

That fomentation which the Spaniard gzve to ihe Hugomts^ where- by toforcc the King to draw off his Afmy from thtValtoUne^ obliged the f w«c^King to-do the like by the Spaniard in aflaulcing theCommon'- wealth of Genoa.

" The Pope fends the Cardinal "Barburino in the quality of a Legate in- to trancty to negotiate the Peace between the French King and the King oi Spain.

The Hugonots by the Spaniards inftigation arm themfelves very potently againft the French King. The Duke of Rohan took the Command upon himfelfofthofe Forces in L;j«^«fi^oc, S9«^/>,e thofe in ToiiioH,. Although Sotihiz.e had been repulfed from before the Pore of Mnvit^ yet by that means he made hirafelf raafter of fix great Ships which were the King's, and the Duke's of NemoHrs^ which gave hira opportunity of doing very confiderablc damages.

He had formerly got together about eleven Ships of War, and ma- ny Shallops and fraall Boats, and with thefe roved up and down the Coafts of PoictoH and Cmnns , as hath been before hint- ed at.

The Duke of Rohan got together about two thoufand men near Caftres, ^ He gave out that the Rochellers had taken Arms, and fworn a League with the Churches of his Party, that he might by this pretence get a like interefl in. fome other Towns which he had an eye upon.- A^nd accordingly he went to Puilaurens^ RueljSorez.ey St.Pauby LeviatCy and Briteficy and made the Confuls fwcar to the Confederacy ; after- wards he came to the Gates oi Lavaur to furprz; it, tut his defign took 00 effcd.

'xi6 %i)t €tc!eSr.ltical l?ulo^p~" centTV,

The Count of Carmain_ Goyernour oiFoix got mo Rue I iTi6.Sorex.ey after the other Had farfaken them, and fo deah with the Confuls, that they confefTed their faults, andproteftednot totake pare with him any ipore. A Procefs was made in the Parliament of Tholonfe againft him andallhis Adherents. '. ■.. - l ...-.., .^_- ■,: . ■

The Marquefs de Cranny and the Count cfCarmain 'Biarched againft the Duke ; and whilft thofc who made the firft Encounter were at it -, the leR. goiinto fianes , who were however fo • clofely purfued by the Marflial's Forces, that the Regiment oi Normandy was hard at their heels, entring into the Town with them. Thus he remained Mafter of Peyrefquade, where there were about one hundred and fifty of the Rebels Souldiers killed and hurt ; all which the Duke of ^ofc.?« beheld from a Fort in Fianes where he then was, from which time forwards he began todefpaij: of doing any great matters for the future, efpecial- ly fince he faw himfelffo clofely followed; and that the Cardinal had ^aken fuch a courfe in LangHedoc^ that the King could have raifed ' more men in twenty four hours than the Duke in -a whole inanth.

So ub iz.e Rnixng little aflurance on the main Lan^, had fortified himfelf in the Ifles of Ree nadOlleron ; it was the more important to remove him thence, becaufe otherwife it would be impofiible to reduce Rochel unto its obedience, fo eafily and abundantly might he recruit them with neceffaries from thofe fertile Iflands : but the Dukeof yWraf- morency the King's Admiral made himfelf Mafter of the Ifle of Ree^ after a three dales Combate with a great deal of obftinacy on both parts. The Duke of Montmorency Landed at OlUrony where he met with no refinance.

The Sieur de Souhiz.i having withdrawn himfelf into Sag /<z»rf, lived at a Houfe called Bnrgate in HamfJInrey near the New Forcfl, for di- vers years after. The whole Province was now fetledin quiet both by Sea and Land, of all which King Lewes was informed, who received the news with much joy.

Cardinal B^rharini Legate from the Pope arrived in VrAnce^ and ■ came to M^rfeillesy where he was received with great honour, as alfo at Lions according to the Orders fent by the King, He came to Tar is on May 21. andentredin great pomp. He is bound by the Laws of the Kingdom, before he officiate the Funftion of a Legate, toprefent the Brief which the Pope hath given him for the employment to the Parliament of Paris, The Pope having omitted in this Brief to give the King the title of King of Navarre^ the Parliament refufed to acknowledge it, and obliged him not to proceed any further in the bu- ^finefs till that were amended.

The Legate coming to Paris, alighted at St,Jarne$deHaHt-fas, where tihe Clergy of the City, the concourfe of the Court, and other Officers

iO

Cenc. 17. of FRANCE. ,j^.

to the number of twelve thoufand, went to falute him, and receive his Benedidion. . After this the Prelates oi Paris came to pay their re- fpeftstohim. . There was a little difpute in what habit they /hould ap- pear before hira,the Legate dcfiring they (hould be in their Rochets and Gamal covered ,over with a Mantlet, as a mark that they had no power in his prefence. . But the Prelates refuiing to ftoop to this Order, it be- ing contrary to the Rules of the frc^c^ Church, took a middle courfe. They went fo habited to falute him, and accordingly accompanied him in the Cavalcade to Noftre^ Dame, whither being come, they took ofp . jheir Mantlets : but all was done under a Provifo, of faying their anti- cot right. . ' .

He propofed to- the King what the Pope had given him in charge.. He urged the King in general terms to peace ; to reftore things in the Valtoline to their former ftate, as they were before the Army of the Confederate Princes entred into it, and defired him to grant a CelTa- . tion of Arms in Italy. t

- The King anfwered to the three Propofitions, That he was ever en- din'd to Peace, and that he would ft ill be induced to it, provided it were for, the publick fafecy, and honourable for him and his Allies. That as to what concern'd the Valtoline^ the late Treaty oi tJiUdrid had made provifion for all thofe difficulties which have rifen everfince, and that he defired the execution of it. As, to the CefTition of Arms^ that he could by no means hearken to it, becaufe of the great prejudice it. would be to himfelf and his Allies, and the great advajitage thofe of . the adverfe Party might make out of it. Thereupon the Legate un- . expeftedly deparieth from the trench Court, and goech toward ; Rome.

The Hugomts now begged his Ma jeftie's pardon by their Deputies, whomtheyfent unto him to teftifie the fenfe they had of their fault, and to aflure him of their future fidelity and obedience. . His Majefty was wellpleafed with it-, and the Deputies coming lohmiii FoHmai?}bleaii.i about the endofjugufi whilft the Legate was there, there was no kind of acknowledgements and fubmilfions which they did not make, both in ^ behalf ofthemfelves, asalfoofthe Duke of Rohai^, OindtheSieiirde Scfi- i>ix.e, who lent to fupplicate him by their particular Deputies, that he would be pleafed to employ them in the War of Italy, that they] might teftifie by their paffion to ferve him, that there was not any dan-^ ger by Seaor Land,' to which they would not chenfully expofe them- felves, to contribute to his glory. Having made their fpeeches, they prefented the paper of their Complaints, which they faid were ground--. ed upon feveral Graces which had been conferred upon them by the Ed\d: of Nantes, and feveral other grants. The King received it, and appointed it to be examined. , J .

Afwstr

128 %\)t €altM(tical^id^oif Cent, l^

Afier the paper of their grievances had been examined, the prefjch King confirinedto thcoi whatever had been granted to theraby the Ediftof NanteSj granting them freehberty for the esercife of their Religion in fuch Towns where tiiey had Churches and Church-yards, and an Ad of Oblivion for any thing done in the War ; but he would not confent to the demoHfhing of Fort Lewes, as being of great import 'nee for the •keeping of ^ocfcf/ in awe and obedience.

Thefe favours were accepted by the general Deputies of ihe Prote- ftantsin the name of all their Towns, excepting thofe oi Rcchel^ Mon- taubafi, Caftres, and MUhaud, who having been gained by the Duke of Rokin and Sieur de Souhiz-e ^ and finding that their Leaders had- obtain- ed only a fingle Pardon, without any other advantage, and without be- ing employ'd in Italy^ according as they defired, they entreated his Majefty upon other pretences, that he would be pleafed to grant fome time, till their two chief Office:^, and thofe four Cities, werejoyned with them. The King grantedVo them thatdelay, upon condition it were not over long, whoprefently fenc away the heads of thofe refolu- tions which had been taken.

But the Duke oi Rohan excufeth himfelf from accepting thofe Arth- cles which were granted to thofe of his Party. He did his utmoft to furprize fome places in Langnedoc, He made an attempt upon Tillet'va. Albfgeois. He had fome time before caufed the Towns of AinfdazjiL, Famiers, and feveral other oi Foixj to revolt, -from which places be fent out his Scouts, who committed great "havocks in the plain Coun- trey. Bat thtMsr{hs,\ deThemines, zndihe Count deC/tr main kU up- on the Hugomts-, charged and killed many of them, and took divers plices from rhem, fome by ftorm, fome by compofition. Hereupon the Dukeof ^o^/«» wcntto the AfTcmbly at Milhand, where he made thofe of his Party fend a Currier to the King, to accept of the Articles of Peace which his Majefty had granted to them. His Majefty confirm- ed them, though they had rendered themfelves unworthy by their new . Afts of Rebellion. But it was neceflary fo to be , for the betteroppo- fing of t-he entcrprizes of Spain^ though Rochel Was ftill excepted, by reafon of the little inclination they had teftified of keeping themfelves within their duty. • .

Then the Biiliops and Clergy of France alTembled at P/«w. The chief intent of their meeting was for the renewing of that Contrad which thty made every tenth year with the King, for the payment of thefe Rents which are impofed on them. They alfo condemned certain Li- bels fent abroad by the Spanifli ambition , which bad been fent into France. They condemned the Authoursof them asenemies to the pub- lick quiet, and feducers of the people to Sedition. And they granted to the King Six hundred thoufand crowns upon the Churches oiFrance^ as » Contribution toward the Wars in which the Stact was engaged, .

■ •' " - 4 ■ - j5

Cent. 17. oFTrANCE Tip"

as alfo to preferve the Catholick Religion in its fplendour, and to main- tain the glory of the Grown,

But many fordid fpirits grudged at it, who confidering but one of thofe ends for which Lands were given to Churches, began to oppofe it; as if the Church f which is part of the State j were not bound to con- riribute to the good ofthofc Corporations of which they were members} and as if the publick neceffities were not more confiderable than the pri- vate profits of fomc particular people, who often employ their Revc£ nues to bad ufes.

The Cardinal now cndeavoureth the procuring of Peace for thofe of Eochel. And the fame reafons which endined his Majefty to fhewhis Clemenc;.' to the reft of that party, did alfo perfwade him to do the like tot^ekolFochel. The King confentcd that the Townfhould be delivered into the hands of the Corporation, on condition that they kept no Ships of War : that they obferved thofe Orders for traffique which were eftablifhed in the reft of the Kingdom. That they fhould reftore to the c cclefiafticks all the goods which had been taken from them. That they {hould fufFer the Catholicks to live freely and quietly in the exer- cife of ihe Roman Catholick Religion, and in the enjoyment of thofe goods which appertained to them. That his Majefty (bould leave what Garrifon he thought fit in Fort Lewes, and the Iflands oiRee' and Olle- ron, only promifing, that he would fettle fuch a courfe in it, as thofe of Rochel might receive no trouble by it, either in their Commerce, or in the enjoyment of their goods. Thefe Articles were agreed on about the beginning o( February, and the next day the General and particular M. 1626, Deputies ratified and confirmed them.

King Lerves made a fevere Edid againft Duels, and took a folemn Oath not to (hew any favour to thofe who (hould break it.

About this time there arofe very great Difputes in the Univerfity of FariSj efpecially between the Doftors of Divinity, about a certain Book compofcd by SanClarellm a Jefiaite, which treated of the power Popes had over Kings : which Book had been approved by their chief Prefi- dent , by the Pope's Vicegerent, and by the Matter of the holy Palace.

His Doftrine was, That Popes had a power of direSion, or rather correction over Princes, that they might not only Excommunicatje them, but deprive them of their Kingdoms too, and abfolve their Sub- jefts from their Oaths of Allegiance, whether it were for Herefie, Apo- fta(ie, or any other great publick crime ; whether it were for the in- fufficiency of their perfons, or for their not defending the Church, and that the Pope might at laft give their States to fuch as he (hould think fit.

•For the prefent it made a great noife among the Doftors, and was oppofed by fcveral Books which then were publilhed. The whole

Rrr .Body

Body of Divines did condemn it : feme indeed of the old League Teemed : to favour it. But the Parliament calledthe chief of the Jefuites before them, and obliged them to fign a Declaration^ by whieh.they (hould s condemn the faid Book •, and tocaufe another.ofthelike to bcfubfcrL-- bed by all the Provincials and Refers, and by Six of the xnoft ancient of every one of their Colledges xnFnttici ; andfo ordered the Book to be burnt by the common Hangman^ with prohibition lo the Stationers , to fell any of them. _ ■ '

At this time there were Combinations of divers Grandees of the Court againft the King and State. . ij^fadam de Chevurufe hdngdi[. contented that iher private intelligences with'£he£«^/i!/Jj AmbaiTadoijr . were fo pubiickly taken notice of, did not a littlepromotethe under- - takingb, by hsr animating of iJ/iw/7iE«r. the Grand Prior, zn^QoakiSi. to execute it, both which were engaged by love to her ^ as alfo that the Colonel ^'Ow^w abufing MonfeHr^gooAnzhy and the credit which his place gave him, did abfolutely divert him from the Mar- riage which his Majefty had fo earneftly defited ^ould be cele-- brated.

The Cardinal difcovered, that Chalaiswis on$;of cliief Inftruments of the Enterprise, and that Colonel Orfranowis the Ring-leader of r -the Plot. That their chief end was to unite all the Provinces fo dofe together, that they might enforce his Majeflynot to remove any thing from the <Qourt, and wit^ial to permit them to live in the iame licentiouf- - ncfs that they had a long while formerly enjoyed. That to thisef-

feft, they endeavoured the breaking of the match between jWi?:«/?f«r

and Madamoifelle de ttyl^ontf^nfier , and to bring on that of

tJ^adamoifeUe de Bmrbtn^ which would more nearly engage /4b«= - fear to their Interefts ^ or elfc to perfuade him to marry fome other

ftranger Princefs, which might be a means to (helter and defend their

defigns, by the forces and aiSftances, which they might reafonably^?

expedfromfuch a Family. That this once effefted, they intended the.

Count de Sotffohs fllould Marry Madamoifelle de Montpnfier, that.

the Houfes oi Guife ^.nA Bourbon might be united together,- and in this

manner they would in a moment huddle up together all the leading po<;

tent perfonsof the Court. . The Marftial de Ornano is arrefted at Fount ainbleau^ and carried.'

Prifoner to the Callle oi Bois de Fificennes, where he died a few months

after of aftoppage in his Bladder.

The Girclinalbereechetb-the King to permit his retirement from the

Court. And the Kmg csiukth thsDukc dereadofm, mdtheGrand-.

Pr/or ofi^r^?7Cf, hi^Brother, to beimprifoned at U/o/j. The Marriage of Monsieur and Madamoifelle' de Montfenfier

was celebrated . foon after, to the quiet and. content of the whole

Kingdona.

Cent. 17. r Of FRANCE.

131

Chalaisy the Matter of the King's Wardrobe, is arrefted from the Chamber of Juftices at Nantes, who condemned him of Treafon, and fcntenced him to be beheaded ; which was done accordingly. Then was the Sieur de Baradaitsaiostd from the Coun, who had been much in favour with the King.

About the end of this year great differences arofe between the Bifhop and the Officers oiVerdm. This being a Frontier Town, was then looktupon as confiderable, in regard Monjieur de Lorrain kerned to be adiive, and able to attempt foracthing upon f r^»ce, which, obliged the King to go on with a defign which he had long before refolved of, the building a Citadel thc^e.

The Abbey of S. rart/jes was ever reputed the moll fit place of all the City for that purpofe: whence it happened, that in the Charter of the faid Abbey there had been divers Articles concluded between the Bi- fhop of Verdun and thofe to whom that place hath ever belonged, in which they bound themfelves to build their Church in fome othcrplace, if it fliould be found neceflary to make ufe of fome part of it for the l^aifing of a Citadel. However the lines were fo contrived, that the Church was faved : but that of the Capuchins was forced to be taken down, which was afterwards done, and rebuilt in another place.

Now the Bifhop oip^erdptn being Lorrains kinfman, was wholly moved by him ^ fo that not confidering what dependence he had upon the King, he fuffered himfelf to be engaged by the Duke, . to prevent the building of the Citadel. On December 30. he publi/Jiedayl/o«»- " toritim, fixed upon all publick places, againff; all fuch as fhould labour about it. This proceeding was Iqokt on as a ftrange thing by the King's Officers.

TheSieur Guillet prefently called a Council of his Majefties Officers of the Town, toconfider of what was to be done, where it was cotjclu-r dedto teardown fuch Papers as hadbeenany whprepoftedup, and to fet others in their pkces of a contrary tenour in the King's behaj.^ which was prefently done. The Bifhop offended at it, thundered out an Excommunication the next day againfl Gmllet^ which he fattened in divers places : and having given order to his Vicars not to aft any thing in prejudice to his pretended authority, he departed homFerdurif and rode Pott to Cologne. In the mean while the Siatr-Charpentier-, his Majefties Prefidcnt in MetK,, Thoid, and Verdun^ being acquaintc.4 with the whole proceeding, he declared the faid Monitormm to be aluifive and fcandalous, and commanded it to betorn and burnt by the Hangman. That the faid Billiop fhould be fent Prifoncr to Parii, That his Benefices in the mean time fhould remain in his Majefties hands, and that he fhould pay a fine often thoufand livres for his faid fault. This Judgement was put in execution with the ufuil form, excepting only as to the Bifliop's being fent to Paris ^ fo that he refolving not to

Rrrz ^ flgFer

i;^ Xlje ccciefiafticai i^lftQ?p Cent, i ^r

foffer himfelf to be thus defpoiled of his goods, thought it his beft courfe to fend to the King to pacific him, for his raftinefs ; healfogave order to one of his Vicars to abfolve the Sie.»r Ctiillet, and to licence the gOt. ing on of the Fortification s.

In the year 1627. thofeoif 2J(?c^f/, could not endure to fee the Ar- ticles of Peace which the King had accorded to them, put in executi- on : they could not permit that, the Rules of Commerce obferved over all France, fhould be taken notice of among them.. The cutting off of that abfolute authority which they had made ufe of in the Ifles of Ree and 0 Heron, and other places bordering upon their Ci- ty, was looked on as an outrage. Theexercife of the Catholick Re- ligion amongft them,was efteemed as a great flavery,and a rigorous con- ftraint impefed upon that whereof they made Profeffion.They complain- ed of thofe Souldiersin FartXwej, and the Ifles of ^f/,and OIlcron,\£h there only to prevent their relapfiog into their former infolencies, as a moft unfufferable Tyranny. They refemed his Majeftie's Commiffaries

A.ds in order to the execution of the Treaty, as fo many unjuft at- tempts upon their l4be!:ties,. \^it]^; thpfe cproplajnts they filled their

Manifefts. :,-•... [i ■■■■ ,n • .

They made ufe of thefe Motives to perfwade the reft of the Hngomt

Towns to revolt, to form themfelves into a Common- wealth, and to

obtain that by force fromtheKing, which withjuftice they could not

expeft. The Duke ofRd/7<2«'difcontented for that he had made no advantage by

the Peace,did not a little foment thofeMucinies of the RcchelUrs-^to which

end he under-hand foweddiyifions among theConfuls of the chief H«-

fonot Tovfns in La^gne doc, and fome he made for his own Party, but bis efign took little effed in thofe parts.

The French King animated by the fageCounfels of Cardinal Rkhlieiif refolvesonthe Regeoi Rochel, and from that time forwards preparati- ons were made in all the adjacent Provinces of Warlike Ammunitions^ great ftore of Cannon were fcnc before-hand towards the place, that they might be in readinefs when time lliould ferve. Divers means were thought on, ta block up the Channel,^ and to begin with thofe of lefs charge to prevent greater expences, in cafe they might do the work. Private Computation was nude of what Horfe and Foot would berequi- fite to inveft the place, and fecure the neighbouring Ifles. And eve- ry thing was difpofed.to the befl advantage for the carrying on of the fiege.

The Duke of Lorrain comes to the King at faris, to complain of his Majeftics aftions towards the Bifliopoff'fr^/a^hisKinfman. He was anfwered, that Bifhops being bis Majeftie's Subjefts owe refped and obedience to him. That when they fall off from their duties, it is the more juftto puniih their faults. That enjoying their Temporal States, only

in

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.

^

in order to the Oath of Allegiance, which they all fwear to hi s Ma jefty , they do moft efpecially deferve to be deprived of them when they break' their faid Oath^ That his Majeity was more efpeci^Uy concern'd to maintain his right in Verdun, which was a Frontier Town, and like- wife becaufe the Bifhop had attempted againft his Royal Authority in hindering the building of the Citadel, though it were a thing only re- lating to the Soveraignty, and in which he was not at all concerned.

But this was not the chief end of his journey. He pretended to do homage in his own name to the King for theDiitcbyof 5i«r, as apper_- lainingtohimin Fee, and. not in right of his Wife, But he therein met with greater obftacles, thanin that of the Bifhop of ^er^a;?. The Duke obtained his reqyeft for the Bifhop, upon condition he fhould r e- vokc the Cenfures againft the King's Officers, and for the future fhould comport himfelf with more moderation. The Duke willingly became bound for his performance, and the King.difcharged the feizuresj- and fetled all things in their former ftatc.

' The Englifly and . others endeavour now to divert the French King from his refolution againft Rochet. On July z8. i62j. the Englijh Fleet arriveth before Ree'. They Landed ten thoufand men. The Sieur de Thoyras was then Cover nour of the Ciiadel St. Martin in the Ifle oiRei -^ Roftaincler -, the Batonoi Chauuil, Navailles, and divers other Gentlemen and light Horfe, and about one hundred and fif:y French Souldiers relifling the Englijh, were flain in the encounter, moft part of the Officers being wounded. Fifteen Officers of the En^lijh Army were faid alfo to be killed, befides divers Lieutenants and En- figns. They likewife loft one of their Colours, and had five or fix hun- dred killed and wounded.

The Duke oi'Suckin^ham ftormeth the Citadel of Sr. jW;?r^««, but could hot take it.TheCardinal lent toBayonne for fifteen l^atVefTels called Primaces, built both to fail and row withal, and very fleet and able to en- dure a ftbrm. In the end oiAigufl Captain Baflin who Commanded thefe Primaces, came with them to the Sands oiOlonne, where the Abbot oi Marfilac received him joyfully: and his Veffels being well ftor cd with Vidualsand Ammunition, he lent him Sixfcore men of the Regi- fosntde Champany, with fome Voluntiers. On Seftsmber $. he lit fail in the head of his little Fleet about fix a clock at night. Soon after he knew that he was near the Eu^liJI} Fleet, he fpread abroad hi« great Sails, and was eafily difcovercd. But the Primaces going very fwift could not be flopped by the Engli^i VefTels. They went with- out lafs ; only fome Sails and one or two Mafts were fhattered, and one fhot through with a Bullet. Bajlinhw'mg thus pafTed the Englt^ fell upon the Barricade which they had made to hinder Relief : which confifled of great marts linked together with Iron Chains, and tied with Gables faftncd to great Anchors. But many of the Primaces byreafon

tj4 ^fte ccclefiailicai ^tftoi^ cent. 17J

of their lighcnefs and fwifnefs pafled over : the reft lighted on a cer- tain place, where the foregoing night a Tempeft had broken part of thm'Barric^do, through which they palled R-ithouc difficulty, fo that . about two in-the nigbc they ran a fhore near one of the Baftilions- of the Citadel, a place where the £«^/«jfc could not hurt them. The Relief was'greac both for their reputation arJ affiftance. Ten other Pinna- , - ces were got frorci :Bayonne, which the Co<x\x.deGrar.t-montT\^gidi out, and fent under the Command of Captain Aiidiim, Oihber 4. they came on the Sands oiOlonne. They were foon laden, and accom- , panicd with twenty five other little VefTels. Three hundred Souldiers went aboard them, and fixty choice Gentlemen, Upon OCiober-6. they put off. Two dales paft ( the wind changing ) before they came toRee'j and that by day too. The £«^/(^ Fleet engaged them in a, rough Fight. But their courage furmounting their danger, twenty nine of the Veffels got clear to the Citadel, where they ran afhore : on Friday morning OClohr 8 . five of their VeiTels were forced to give back. One only, in which were ^tSisnlrsde Beanlieu zr\dRaz,iUy^ was taken by the £«g^/?//j. Who were foincenfed v it, tbat they made in twenty four hours above two thoufimd great (hot upon the Port Saint Ji^artWf fo that there were only five Pinnaces and one Traverfinin con- dition to fail. But the Veflels were unladed, and the Gentlemen and Souldiers fafely landed in the Citadel.

ThefrffKcfe King having been fick, after'his recovery comes to !K(N^

.chel to drive the Englijh out of Ree. The Duke of Buckit^gham re-

folves to make his laft attempt upon the Citadel of St. lidartin. The

iEngliJJ} began an aflauk, but were repulfed. It is fald, that the befieged

took all the Ladders of the 'Engli^i^ fifty Prifoners, of which weredi-

■ vers Captains and Officers, that they had killed four or five hundred,

without lofing above eighteen or twenty men, and fomefew wounded,

among ^}ihich.vjt):i xhtSieurs de Sardaigties, znd Gran Val, who being

(hot through the bodies died within a few dales after. The T-nglipj

doubting their Trenches would not fecure them, forfook the one half

of them, and (hortly after refolved to go back for England.

The Marfhal de Schomberg fhortly after landeth there with fifty Barques about three in the morning, without being difcovered by the Enemy. Thefe being conjoyned with other Souldiers fell upon the Englijl), and routed them. Their Horfe were loft in the Marifh.. Their Cornet and twentyfour Colours, and four Cannon were taken. About five hundred were killed on the place, befides thofe thai were drowned in the Sea. Many Gentlemen of quality and Officers were killed. And ^ as the French Hiftory faith ) three thotsfand Arms were taken in the Field, and above one thoufand five hundred Souldiers laden with the fpoils.

.-.?. It

Gint, 17. " of FRANCE.

It is reported that the EngUfh fcarce carried off one thoufand men the reft being either dead with ficknefs, or killed : and moft of them alio died foon after their return into England^ by reafon of the difcom- modities tbcy there endured.

A&er the King had obtained this fignal Vidory againftthe Englipi^ hfi bent all his thoughts toward the bcfieging of Rochel. The order of the whole Gircumvallation was prefcribed by his Majefty. He raifed thirteen Forts, and feveral Redoubts upon the Trenches, the Circuit of which were three Leagues or thereabout, all out of Musket oi: Falcon fliot, but not of Cannon. . This Gircumvallation being finiihed cut off. al] relief by Land, and fliortly after they were blocked up by Sea too. .

At this time the Duke of Rohan finds means to make an Afftmbly in ; thep^illed'VfeZy where divers of their Deputies met together : and as he had no lefs Eloquence than Courage, he perfwaded them to what- ever he had a mind to. They approved of thofe fuccours which he had > negotiated m England asjuftand neceffary -, and they affured him not, to enter into any Treaty of Peace with his Majefty, without the Con- fent of xhe Ej?glipj, and his own in particular. Wiiereupon they de- - puted fome of the chief of their Party to go to the Towns oi Languedoc . and Guienne: they alfo wrote to thofe oiDai^plnne and Fiva-rcz., to encourage them to unite with them for the good of the Caufe. They drew up the form of an Oath to befworn by the Confuls, the Gover- nours ofTowns, Lords, and Gentlemen, who would engage with them. An union very ftrange, which divided Members from theHead,,and fo feparated Sub>efl:s from their Prince^ ..

After the Duke of jKtf^<«« had ufed all his devices, andfeenthe £«- . glifl} Lsini at Ree\ he took up Arms and appeared in the Field. He< fummoned -the Duke oi Savoy to iend thofe Forces which he hadpro- mifed : but he could not obtain them. All that he could draw from him was a promife of fifty thoufand crowns. Thofe Towns which were delivered up to him,, were Nifmes,Vfes-, St.Afihrofe, AUts^ A^idufe, , le.Fignan, St.Htppolite, St. 'Jean de Grandame>ique^Sa»)cns,laSnl!e-i and other fmaller places : and with thofe Forces drawn together he took during this year Realmont^Renel^Nifvcs ,Maz.M-es ,P.imitrs ,Cafli es , Soyon, and other Towns upon the Rhofcre, and in Fivarcz. ^ and more heJhad done if the Cardinal under the King's Authority had not pre- vented him. It cannot be imagined with how much care and trouble he kept thofe together who were engaged in his Party ; how low he waS; fain to ftoop to work upon the meaner fort of people .^ how many impertinencies he wasforced lobear, how many inconfiderate difcour- fes he was necefiitated to hear, and to how much conftiaint he was com- pelled to fubjed: himfelf. . He hath fince protcfted to divers of his friends, that there ,is no care like tlm of retaining a mutinous people

in i

\]s-

7^6 XBe ccclefiaiiiicai ^iUot^ cem. l^

in that order, which is neceffary for him to make them follow, -who would raife any advantage to himfeli by their revolt.

Then the King by the advice of Cardinal -K/rii/«V«, fent ibe Sieur Gal- Jafid, Privy Counfellour tohisMajefty, toward thofe BugoKot Towns

■ which the Duke of Rohan had attempted to revolt, that he migLt confirm

■ them in their obedience. This man was one of their own Religion, which gave the King reafon to hope they would be direded by him. •Having received his Commiffion, he went dircdly to Montaubanyths.

chief Town of their Party next unto Rachel^ and by which raoftof the other Towns would be guided. Upon his firft arrival he called the Inhabitants together, he gave them his Letter of Credence writ by his Majefty to them, and began to confirm them in their obedience. He laid before them the duty of Subjeds toward their Prince- the mife- ries and calamities which they had fufFered whilft they feU off from their obedience : he reprefented to them the difafters which would in- evitably fall upon them if they (houldrevoh : he informed them of the fmall reafon they had to believe the Duke oi Rohan's promifes, or the aid ohhe Englfjh Fleet, whicTi ( he faid) could not hinder the relieving of the Jjle oiRee. His words fo wrought on them, that they fubfcri- bed a Declaration which they delivered to him, in which they profefled to live and die in that Loyalty which they owed unto his Majefty. And all the other Towns unengaged in the revolt did the like. And his Prudence was fo fuccefsful, that the Towns o^Briatefiey Cafires, Famiers, Fnylaurens, Maz.areSy St. Amand, Caharede^ i^aZiareSf MufdazSl^ ^rlat, and many others, made the like declarations under their hands and Seals. But the misfortune was, that having left divers Fadious Spirits of ^tonfieur de Rohan's Party in ^aftres, Tamiers^ andfome other ofthofe Towns before named, they remained not firm to thofe refolutions he hadinfinuated to them, by which means theDukc •of Rohan foon after became Mafter of them,

^ The King unable to ftop the D. o^ Rohan's proceedings by fair means, •makes ufe of force, Hecommanded an Army to be raifed, and commit- ted the Condud of it to the Prince oiConde, fending hima Commiffion of Lieutenant General of his Forces in Languedoc, DaHphine\Gf(ie»ne, and Lyonnois. He divided the Army into two parts, the Prince of Conde had the better half, the other being committed to the Duke of MomtKorencies care, then Governour oiLangmdoc. Soyon, aftrong place upon the Rhone^ was affauked , and in two dales forced to fur- render. The Prince alfo ftormed another little Town near to Saint jinhin^ and put all the Souldiers in it to the fword. Then they marched againft certain places which the Duke oi Rohan had refolved to defend , but the fear which the Inhabitants and Souldiers apprehended on fight of the Army, made them open their Gates, fo they entrcd without re- ■iiftance.

Then

Ce'tiMy. "~ ' OT FRANCE'. "~ ' 137

Then they became Matters oiCorconne and ^itbeHm. Montoreret^ ty purfucd chc puke of Rohan, and conftrained him to flight x he maintained the' fight about two hours, and faw about an hundred of his Soj^dtersicftTed, fifteen of his Guard, feven or eight Captains flain, and divers others wounded. In fine he faw at the years end, that he had ve- ry Iktie advanced his defign.

The RochelUrs now fend t^ the King of £«f/^^ to demand fucfour. i6;s. Order was given for the Rigging out a Fleet in behalf of the ^oc/?e//frJ, and the Command to be given to the Earl of Denbigh.

The King goes from Rochel to Parisj to diffipate thofe Fadions, which began to rife thereabouts, by the Hugomts in Picardy, Cham- fagnie, and Brie, Richlieu Commandeth the Army in his Ma jeftie's ab- fence. The Englijh Fleet being now ready to hoife fail iot Rochel, the King refolveth to return thither. The RochelUrs are fummoned by an Herauld to furrendec to the King : but their minds andanfwers were fuKof infolency, fo that the King bent all his thoughts to prepare for the hgh ting with the £«_g^/?/?J Fleet at their firft coming. About the eleven«i^of May they were dcfcricd two Leagues off the point of Cv- reille. An order was refolved on by the King, affifted with his Gene- cals and Sea Captains, and fo delivered to the Commander of Vdencay^ who diftribbted it among the Officers.

The Englijh attempt to relieve Rochel, but in vain ; and when the Ra- chellers vkte embarqued, after the exhortations of their Minifters, and thei^ Captains had folemnly fworn topafscheBank in fpiteofall oppofition, or die in the attempt, they were ftruck with fuch faint-heart-] ednef^, that not a man durft ftir his hand : and Vincent their Mini- fter could no longer fpeak unto them, as hirafelfconfelTed in a Letter to a friend of His.

The £w^/j/?j Fleet now departeth, whereupM great diffentionsarife among the ^scWfn. Then the King fent another fummons to them to yield. Breton, Herauld at Arms, was commanded to do it in form, ,,.'

with his Coat of Arms, who went into the City, required them to lay - — " down tlieir Arras, aflbred them of Pardon for their paft Crime, ?and threatning them with the contrary in cafe they (hould now relufe it. But they being animated by their Preachers, the Town continued obfti- nate in their inlolencies.

After a feigned Treaty between the King and the Rochcllers, the Town was reduced by Famine to extream miferies.

The Cardinal perfwaded his Majefty to fettle divers Catholick Prea- chers in the //«^o«o( Provinces, and wrought upon the Duke oiTremo' vUle to forfake the Protcftant Religion,

The RocJiellcrs when they faw there was no hopes of fuccour from tie iB^iglfJIj^mi thatthey died by thoufandsof the Famine, rrade divers pro-

S f f . pofals

1^8 XHe ecciefiafttcal tifto^y cent. 17.

~~"pof<ils of accommodation. Since the laft fix months there had died abou"t ten thoufand of the Famine.

The Cardinal declared to them, they muft not think of any other condition than abfolutely to fubmit to his Mafter's wiiJ. At laft thev chofe twelve of the principal among them, moft of which could hardly creep, to beg his Majeftie s pardon , to aflbre him that they would live and die in the obedience which they owed to him, without demanding any other conduions, than what his Majefty fhould pleafe to siv! them. The King granted them the pardon which they defired and

ilLZ ^L a''"' ?'"i'7 . ""^^'^''^ ''^'^ '^' P^«"t to them, by A^ fu A r ^'^^ P/^'T'l '^'l' Rebellion, difcharged them of all Afts of Hoftiluy, ordained that they fhould be reftored to their goods granted them the Exercfe of their Religion in the City, and command! cd that all the Souldiers in the City Q-.ould enjoy the fame Grace -and thatthe ch.efCaptains and Gentlemen fhould go out with theirfwords by t eir fides, and the Souldiers with Cudgfls inTSr haids : bu

fervice ^''"' '" "'''' '" ^''' ^'"^^ ^^^'"^ ^^ ^^i'^<^

perg, \.XithuHrsde U Curee, rigndle, Hallter, St. Chmmnt, and di- vers other Lords, fourteen Companies of the Regiments rf-J^iX' and fix of 5«,#. began about fix in the mornin| to ^nJtn^Rochl The King placed him felf upon the Fort de BeaLn to feeSe Forced march into the Town. They who Commanded thefe Forces fS . on all the Gates of the Town, the Ramparts, Cannon, and MunS ^ and fent away the Souldiers, the Er^gUp. by Sea, and the S by Land, who looked more like ghofts than men. Ther'e were a rnrnTcita!

it rl° K "' .f '^ '^r "y ^'^'" '' Towers, and this was it tba^t made the City be efteemedoimpregnable, efpecially feeing it had J outlet by Sea, which could never have been broken up, but by h s MaielSe's

Ttrh^srrgi^^^^^^^^^^^^

nn£V^'""'*^"'f ' I '^^-^'"S '""''" ^' ^"^'■3"':^ J«o the City. Thofe poor Creatures of the City proflrated themfelves as he rod J by them!

H h d^isTrm, '^' '"'h' «<^knowlcdge the mercy he had fhewS Sem nv onlvfn^rr "' ^^''^^^■"'^nHorfe.back without any Ceremo- of ut^uZ?r^Tn "^ '^'^ ^^'^'^ ^^° «f '^«'^/-' ^^' ^^o Troops rLi Sf I- ^'Tl ^""^-""'J" i ^'' Dragoons and the Life-guard mar-

Sd^t7if;rJ[ tcSc7 '""^"^"' '^"'^ ^''°""" ' '''''^'^

to^^ f^Jf'/rymg, G.^y-.,.,/,,X.-«^,^^, hath been fojrlclns ZZ't ,j^"''^^/«1"e"|ly faluted thofe who feemed to beif the bet- ter fort among them. But thofe fubmiilions and acknowledgements

Cent. 17' of FRANCE.

139

were much more increafed, when they received the ten thoufand Loaves of Bread, which the King diftributed among thera the fame day, toge- , ther with divers other Alms. But when they faw, that there came three ,' thoufand Carts laden with Wheat and other Provifions into the Town, with a proportionate number of Beafts and Cattle, which his Majefty commanded to be brought and fold at the ufual rates of the Army, they then confefled, that he knew how to pardon as well as tovanquiflj,

The King alighted at S. J/rfr^<«'/VsChurch,which had been Confecra- tedby theBifhop oiBardeauXf and where the Cardinal had with divers Ecclefiafticks that morning celebrated Mafs by way of doxology for that happy Viftory. He was received by the Archbifh|p, affiftedby'^ the Clergy and divers other Religious, who fung the Te 1)eim -^ and the King himfelf alfo fang it with great devotion. Abouttwo daies after the King caufcd the Hoaft to be carried in Proceffion, which was per. formed wiih a pompous Devotion. He alfo wrote to the Archbifliop of TariSy that a publick thanKfgivingm ght be made : and himfelf return- ing to Paris pjflld by Nofire Dam des jirdiUiers^ that there he might pay his Vows -. for to his Devotions there he alcnbed his firft Vidorses, as that of the relieving ^ee, upon which the whole fuccefs depended.

The King before he left Rochel, publifhed a Declaration, wherein was contained, that the Roman Cathulick Religion fhould be freely Exercifed there, both in the City and Government of Aulnis. That; the Churches which had been lately dr:ftroyed thereabouts^ fhould be re-edified, and reftored to them in whofe Poflellion they ^rraerly were, together with all their appurtenances. That a fufRcient mainte- nance fliould be given to fuch Curates as had not means to live on, out of thofe lands which belonged to the Town-houfe. That the ReligieHx delacharite & les Religioufes HojpitalierSy ftiould be rc-eftablifhe<£ Jnthe Hofpitals of the Town, to attend upon all fick perfons. That a Crofs (hould be railed in the Caftle-yard, at the Foot of which an In- fcription of the taking the City fliould be infcribed ; and that every firft of November a Proceffion general fliould be made, to give God thanks for his mercies. That the Church-yard Confecraced in the Lands of Com//e, where thofe of the Camp, whodiedduringthefiege, had been buried, fliould ftill beconfervedtothat ufe, ThataCovent of Religieux tJ^iriimes fliould be built there, who might pray unto God for them, and perpetuate the memory of the thing.

The King took this courfe to keep Rochel in obedience. He depofed the Mayor, and difcharged the Shrievalty and Commonalty of the Town without hopes of reftauration. He ordained that the mofl Se- ditious perfons of the City fliould forfake it, and among others 6'«(yo« Mayre^ (jodefray, Sakhret^ and DcferbriereSy not fo much as except- ing the Dame de Rohan, who was carried to Niorty by the Sieur de Lannay Lieutenant des Gardes des Corps. Next, he revoked all the

Sff2 Privi-

1^^ "^ ^JjeecclertafticaU^ifto^p Cent. 17-

Priviledges and Charters heretofore granred. to the City. He com- manded the Walls,, the Ramparts, and the reft of the Fortifications to be razed, and, the Ditches to be filled up, leavingonly the Towers^? S. Nicholas, de UChainSy Qr de la lantern ftanding, with that part of. the Wall toward the Sea, to prefervc the Town from Pirates. He appointed alfo, that no ftranger (hould have an Houfe or lattiily in the Town, without his Majeftie's permiflion had, and. obtained : or that any Hereticks ( as the Proteftants were called ) fliould return to their former dwellings. And for the better keeping them in their obe^ dience, he ordained that there (hould be an Intendent of juftice in the City,Countrv,and Gavernment of ^«/?«j, whq fhould fee the Execu- tion of his (ffdinances, and have an eye to that which concern 'd his fcryice, all which was inferred in ihefaid Declaration.

He then commanded the, Inhabitants to be difarmed, and that certain Regiments fhould reuLain in the Town until it were quite dempliflied. Af- ter all thefe things he returned'to Tariff where he. was magnificently re- ceived, the Companies of the City making Orations unto bim. The expences of the Siigt oi Rochdy are faid to have amounted unto forty millions oiLivres.

Then Monfiear the Prince, the Dukes of Montm.orency and Vanta^ dour^ who Commanded, his Majeftie's Forces in Z,<j«fwa?c£-, became. Mailers of" the Field, and before the end of the year repoOeffed them- - felves of all thofe places in a few dales, which were capable of being, forc^. jgjj. The King in the year following having rcfoJved uppn going into Italy, commits the Government of the State to the Queen his '^lother. And before he goeth into Piedmont^ he compelleth the Hiigonots in. LangiiedcCj to lay down their Arms, and to declare in form before his Parliaments and Judges, that they will live in all duties and obedience hereafter. His Majefly caufed his Declaration to this purpofe to be read in Parliament , hirofelf being prefenc, which put, a flop tQ all the Hiigomts affairs, until after the taking of Shzs.,

Whilft the King isin/f<j/^, the Duke of ^ff/;^« takes Arms in the Sevennes. And withtheaffiftanceofthe Cities ofMontuuban^ Nifmes^ Millaat, CajireSy Vriv^, U/f/z., and fome others, had, got fuch a body of an Ariny together, as therewith he hoped to maintain himfelf in that little angle of the Kingdom ; and. either prefently to obtain (ome advantagious Conditions, or to expeft a more favourable timc.for the re-eftablifhment of his depreffed Party..

In the mean time he treated fecretly with theKing of 5^^/«,from whom he had alfoobtain'd apromjfe of fomefupplyofm^oney. But the King who had intelligence of his praftice, returning with the fame celerity out oi Italy mo Trance in the moft violent heats- of SuoMiier,.. with which he had pafled out oi prance into Italy in the greateil texiremity

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. 141

of Winter, prefented himfelf before Privas ( one of the Hiigonot Cities^ in Jime^ which at his firft coming he carried by affault : after which ^f^x, another of the fame Principles^ furrendered with- out refiftance.

The Duke of Rohan obferving what a terrour the taking of thefc two places had infufed into his whole Faftion, ajid knowing pn the other fide that a Peace with Italy and England was already conclu- ed, began to apprehend at laft he fliould be totally defertcd by all his Confederate* and. Friends, and left alone to bear the fhock of all his Majefties Viftorious Arms -, which made him in time ferioufly apply himfelf to his mercy, toavoid thefevereeffefts of hisjuftice.

A Peace was concluded in July 1629. with the Duke oiRohanj which' allthe otber Cities of his Party likewife accepted, except Montanbany inrhich for fome daies flood out, but afterwards was furrendered to. Cardinal RichlicHy who fettled all things in peace, to the great happi- nefs of the King and the whole Kingdom.

The next year the French King procured from the Pope the Cardi- jf nals Hats to be beftowed on the ArchbifhopofjLj'ow, and Monfieur. B/tgni the Pope's Nuntio.

Now new ftirs are at Cpurt occafioned by the difcoatentsof the Qucen-Mother and the aJHonJieur, The Qucen-.Mother profeflcth open hatred to the Cardinal : £he direftly oppofeth all his Counfels^ which how well foever they fucceeded, fhc.ftill found matter enough to- render them fufpefted to the King, and to difcredit ith^mby fiaifter in- terpretations.

The Duke of Savoy was grown by this timefenfible of the dilTio^ no.urable Peace he had concluded at Suz.e ; to which the lofs of Motit- ferrat ftuck mainly in his ftoraach. The Duke therefore feizeth up- on.all the frewc^ in his Territories, not fo much as excepting the Mer- chants and Religious Orders.. The Ma^lhal of Crtqm hereupon ad- vanceth to Pignerol with oae thoufand Horfe, fix thoufand Foot and : fome Cannon, and reduced the Town and Citadel to the obedience of the French King. , And the pafiTages from France to Piedmont were open after the reducing of certain Towns of the Duke of 5<n'o> In ftprt time the King makes himfelf Matter cvf all Savoy.

The Cardinal offered all forts of fubmillion ta the Queen-Mother ro - reconcile himfelf to her favour,but all in vain,(hewas ftill fo implacably bent againft him, that the Peace oiJtaly being now concludedy and th« lime come wherein the King had promifed her to remove the Cardinal, . fhe was importunately inftant with the King for the accomplifhment of his Royal word. At laft the ordc^, was figned for the Cardinal's ■ removal.

The Cardinal withdrawes himfelfa little time from the Coiirt,bHt'by ih.e advk? of the Cardinal <^f /•* r*</f«fireftores himfelf again with the ■

King-^; -,

x^ %l)t eaitMM^W^^ Cent. Tt.

the King • and fo the Queen-Mother no: only fell from her hopes, but alfo from her credit with the King, whereupon (he cjcparteth out of f ranee, and goeth to "Sraxels.

MonfuH-r the King's Brother requefteth the Parliament to indift the .Cardinal, fo doth the Queen-Mother. But the King juftifies i^cW/eH by his Letters and Declarations.

The Duke ofEJpernon flops the progrefs of a new Infurredion by difmantling feveral ftrong Cities of tht-Hugonot Party , as Miiant, St. Afriqm^ Tent de (^amares^ Saint -Rome, Tarn, and feveral other places.

The King of Sweden having invaded Germany, the French King tnakes an Alliance with him^ he eftabliflieth a Chamber ofjuftice in Parii, whogive Judgement againft feveral perfons. Then is the Cardi- nal ;Ricfc/«>« created Duke and Peer off r<2««.

The French Proteftants had obtained permiffion by the King's Bre- viate about the beginning oi this year to make a National Aflembly of their Minifters of f ranee for the maintaining of their Order and worfhip. The Cardinal was of opinion that his Majefty fhould require them to meet at Charenton, becaufe being within his view, they would have the lefs freedom to renew fuch Cabals as ttiey had formerly made in their Aflemblies of C^ifKwe and Laugnedoc, This Order was fol- lowed, and the Sieur de GalUnd, Counfellour to his Majefty, was fent to be Prefident in the King's behalf ; his Loyalty was not to be fufpe- fted •, and they were obliged to accept of him in regard of divers au- thentique teftimonies which made appear, that this Order was confor- mable to that of Councils affembled in the Primitive times, which they profeffed to honour. The King efpecially commanded him to be care- ful, that no Propofition were made which did not concern their Faith or Difcipline ; to filence them in his Majeflie's name, in cafe they fhould difcourfe of any other affairs, and to eftablifh fuch Rules as the Cardinal had propofed to keep that Party in fubmiffion. To this end he ufed his utmofl Prudence and Loyalty, he perfwaded them to enaft, that there fhould not any more National AfTemblies be made,but in the prefence of a CommifTary from the King, who might ( by teftifying their obedience jbe a means of continuing them in quiet. Befides, he indu- ced them to refolve upon the abfolute excluding of all Stranger Minifters, this being intended ofall that were not naturalfrfw/;',3nd to inhibite their Minifters from leaving the Kingdom without his Majeftie's Licence, by this means to prevent all intelligences, aflbciations, and correfponden- eies with the enemies of the State, according to the Laws of the King- dom, and his Majeftie's particular prohibitions. In fine he ufed fo much prudence, that they required their Minifters not to intermeddle inatiy affairs Politick or Military, and condemned a Book o(£errant Minifter of t^ontAuban as erroneous, becaufe he maintained that Mi- nifters

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. i^j

nifteis had a particular call from God to bear Arms. Divers Ori^^ ~'"

dinances were made there for the fubfiilence of their Party.

The Ernperour of Germany fendech Cardinal Fafman to Rome, to 1632. endeavour to break the French King's Alliance with the King of Sweden.

The French King having lately been in Lorrain, after his return the TteAdminin:. Cardinal undertook to conapofe a difference between the Bifhops g^d"'^'^"'^"^""""'* Friers, which had naade a great noife for fundry ages together. The Friers relying upon their priviledges obtained from Rome, pretended to have power both to Preach and confefs , without permillion from the Bifhops. And the Bifhops unto whom all people wiihin their Diocefs are fubjed by common rights did perpetually thwart that pre- tcnfion. They could not down with the Friers Priviledges , allcdging they ought to be declared void, as being repugnant to the Primitive Conftitutions of the Church. This quarrel had been efpeciaily fomen- ted during the laft year, by reafon fome Books had been publifhed in the name of the Engltjlt Catholicks, which preferred the Monaflical life before that of the Prelates, andfeemedto imply that Friers were more neceffary, at leaft more ufeful, to the Church than the ordinary Paftors. Was it probable that the whole Society of Friers would re- linquifh the Priviledges they had obtained from the See of Rof>/e ? On the other fide, what reafon was there, that the Prelates fhouldliave fo little Authority over them in Adminiftration of Sacraments, and the Word of God ; feeing ofold Friers were only mixed among the Laity, and addrefled themfelves unto the Bifhops Congregations, to receive the Sacraments from their hands, or thofe who executed their charge ? The Cardinal took upon himfelf to end this difference, though he was at that time cmploy'd in the moftimportant affairs of Chriftendom.

He therefore caufed the Superiours of the Orders to come before him one by one, well knowing, that to negotiate fuch abufinefsin a publick AfTembly would be a labour in vain. He was a perfon well verfedin all Antiquities, and accordingly he reprefented to them, how that in the firft inftitution of Monks they were Confecrated unto God by the mediation of Bifhops , who received their Vows, inftruded them, and direfted their Confciences. He laid before them the Original of the whole affair, and fhewed them, how that the Son of God had fubjcded all thofe who fold their goods and followed him, unto the Apofllts, whofe Succeffours the Bifhops are, whereupon they making a ftrid profeflion ofleading an Evangelical life, were more particularly obli- ged to obferve the Order eflablifhed in and by the Gofpel : not that he would queftion the validity of thofe exemptions granted from the 5ee of Rome, unto which he owed much more refped and obedience, than to debate the Ordinances thereof ; yet that he muft needs inform ihem, that they could not be difpenfed with from following the Or- der

144 %l)t€ttU(Miml^if^Ol'^ Cent. if.

der eftablifhed by Jefus Chrift, or his Apoftles, jn Adminiflring the Sacraments and Word of God. That in fine, therafclves could not de- ny, but they were obliged to relinquifh fome pare of their pretenfions for the avoiding of trouble to the Church, which was likely to enfue upon this account, and whereof the Hngofiots difcourfed with much freedom. That this peace would be more acceptable to God, than all the advantages it could otherwife procure unto particular perfons. That if would tend unto their honours, by teftifying unto the world the moderation of their minds, and humility of their fpirits, and that the world would efteem the better of them. That he fhould not wil- lingly propofe, that the Bifhops fhould have ordinary jurifdidion over their perfons, or power to vifit their Monafteries -, but that leaving them foil liberty to execute their Monaftical Fundions, it fcemed fie unto him, thatihey fhould not refufe to be dependent upon them in matter of Adminifting the Sacraments, of Tbankfgiving and Pe- nance f as he called ihem _) of Preaching the Word ^ and to admit them to have ^jpwer to repeal this Priviledge which was derived from themj according as the Council of Trent had prefcribed.

Accordingly each one addrefled himfelf toobfervc the Cardinals di- reftions : and although fome unreafonable perfons began at firft to create fome difficulties, yet his prudence foon prevailed over them, inforauch that they could not be thought the fame men, who had fo lately and fo ftiffly maintained their Independence on their Ordina- ries. Hecaufed a Declaration to be drawn, wherein they acknowledg- ed themfelves uncapable to Preach without Examination, Licence, and approbation from their Bifliops firft had and obtained, and that the faidBJiVops might at any time revoke the faid Licences : withal, that they neither could nor ought to hear the Confeffions of Secular men witlltout approbation • which the faid Bilhops might Hkewife repeal, in cafe of any incapacity, or publick fcandal. Everyone fubfcribed thereunto.

The Bifhops difpatched Copies thereof into all parts : and thus the Cardinal ended a difference which had made fuch a noife fo many Ages together.

The Duke of Montmorency having raifed fome ftirs, was encoun- tred by the Jllarepal de Scomberg, defeated and taken Prifoner, The Parliament oiTboloufe by the King^ appointment having made pro- cefs againft him with all legal proceeding, condemned him to be be- headed. The Cardinal de la VaUtte befought the King to allow him a ConfefTour. And the King gave order to the Marfhal de Brez.e, to condud Father Jrmnx fupenour of the Jefuites, to allift him. Ha- ving made his Confeffion, and communicated, he made his will ^ be be- queathed unto MonftHr the Cardinal one of the rareft Piftures of fratjci^ reprefencing Saint Sebajiian dying. He was executed in the

.Court

btat. 17- of France: ' "^145

Court of the Town-houfe, where the King commanded it to be per- formed.

The Duke o( Montmorency had acquired fo great credit in Langue- doc^ that he not only drew off divers men of quality from his Majeftie's fervice^ but feveral Bifliops alfo, and perfwaded feven or eight to fubfcribe unto the Declaration of the States. Some recanted what they had done • and became conformable to what the King had ordained in his Declaration J but others ftood out in their Rebellion, among whom were thofe of Alby and Vf(z.^ who had delivered their Cities into Monsieur's hands, of NifmeSy who would have done the like, of ^/e/^, and S.P<)«f,wt 11- wilier s to the Rebellion, either by raifing of Forces, or Provifions to be fent to places already revolted.

The Archbifhop of Narbon^ Prefident of the States, had not been defeftiVein endeavouring to divert them from their defigns, reprefen- ling to them how contrary it was to their Profeffion, which ten- ded to procure Peace , and to ihew examples of obedience unto others.

The King finding them who fhould have preferved the people in obedience both by exhortation and example, to excite them to Rebel- lion, could not put up fuch diforders, but appointed CoUeftors in their feveral Bilhopricks to receive their Revenues, and to employ them in reparation of Religious houfes and Epifcopal Sees : and thinking it improper to intruft the care of Souls with fuch difloyal perfons, he procured a Breviatc from the Pope, addrefled to the Archbifhop of jtirleSf theBiOiopsof St. Flour ^ and St. Malo, to draw up their Pro* cefs againft them- The Bifhops of Alby and Nifttes were depofcd, death preventing the Bifhop of 'Ly^i from receiving the iikepunilh- ment. The reft were reftored to their Bidiopricks, there being not evidences fufficient to condemn them.

The Duke of Efpemon had been advertifed, that it was principally the Archbifliop of "Surdemx who had exafpera:ed Cardinal RkhUeu againft him, and who had rendred his vifit at Bourdeaux ( when he went to fee him attended by his Guards ) fufpeded t© him. A thing, , .. ■ , that had offended him to the lift degree, and he had publickly com- Duk"i'£^*erV plained of that proceeding ( for his paflions were never concealed ) "'"• L'l'" ^°- which was alfo reported to the Archbifliop, who was at this time obliged to come into his Diocefs to make fome refidence there. He departed therefore from Court , and took the way of Gni' tnne.

The Archbifliop being on his way toward Burdeaiix, turned a lit^ tie out of the ordinary Road to go into a Territory belonging to his Biflioprick, called Monravel, where being arrived, he was informed, that one of the Dukes Guards had been alTifting in the Execution of fome Aftsof juftice, wherein he was himfelf immediately concern 'd,

Tt t and

146 %!je cccIeClalltcal tiftg^y cent, t;^;,

and which would ocherwife perhaps have met withJome oppofiHO??, . He cherefore fent a Gentleman to the Duke, to return his thanks fo? , Co opportune a kindnefs. What, ever the d^fign of {his .Complement might be, it was very.. ill, received. The Duke made anfwer to the Geritleraan who came from the Archbifhop, that thanks were. neither ne- . ceffary nor due to a perfon, who had no defign to oblige : That- if- any thing by his orders had been done to his .Maft.ejr's advantage, it had been done upon no other account than t.hc meer confidcration of juftice, without any refpeft to his friendfljip ^ and fo difmilTed him.

The Archbifhop fent. to Court to acquaint the Cardinal what had pafled between the JDuke and him, and to receive inftruftions from him, how he was to behave himfelf, if matters, fhoqld grow to a greater height between them.. To which the Carcynal's anfwer was, that he aiTured him of a powerful. Protedion : whereupon the Archbifhop enga- ged in the Affair to fuch an height, as even to be himfelf the Aggref- for , at the firft dafli giving him ^very . fenfible . and publick- affronts.

The Duke of Ejperuon Ind in Propriety,. as Lord. of theMannour of PiiifaHlin, the Royalty of the Clie of Burdeaux ( which is the Fiflv Market there) fo as that he might lawfully forbid any to enter there- into whom he had no mind to admit. He therefore commanded the Archbifliop's Officers one, fifth day to be excluded, that they might- be conftrained to take their Fifli without the Bar, with the reft of -the- people; Thefe menrefufed to receive it after that manner, and other-i wife they could not have it. The Du!>e alfo knowing it would be- brought in from other places, caufcd his Gyards moreover tow.atchall' the avenue?, to hinder it, by whom, fome were turned backthat would-* have done the ^Archbifhop that fervice • and in the.end fome of hisown '■ Doraefticks were very roughly handled.

The Archbifhop by publick declarations complain 'd of the violence had been ofFered-^tohim by a fortof men purpofely fetontodair, de- fcribing them by the name of the Rujfet C<?//ec;^,, which was the<^ Duke's Livery, demanding of the Magiftrate protedion, and aid to- oppofe them, and protefting to retire with his Clergy if they would' not provide for his fafety.

ThentheDuke commanded the Lieutenant of his JGuards, the next- day after the Archbifhop had exhibited this .injurious BiU againfthis Guards, to go with all his Souldiers to prefent him/elf before him,andi to.4sk of him, if among alt thofe he knew sny one man who was like^i ly to commit an unharxdfom ,a(S:iQn ? The Lieutenant. did «as he was commanded, and waited" ne^ ,to the Archbifhops Palaee,-,his.returi*'J from the City ^ who feeing him come in his Coach, prefented him-'- feif to f peak unto him. . The Archbifhop feeing fo many Souldiers^i amending the Lieutenant, copima,n(}ed his Cp.ach-m^a to. drive ;o».,'i

The .

Chit. 17. " Of FRANCE. 147

The Lieutenant with his hat in his hand was urgent with the Arch- bifliop to hear him, alTuring him he had nothing to fay that could Any way offend him. But all was in vain, the Coach-man was ftill Called unto to drive on. The Lieutenant called in the end to one of his Companions to lay hold on the reins, and to ftop the Horfes : which being accordingly done, the Archbiftiop immediately went out of his Coach, crying out there was violence offered to his Perfon, and fo retired himfelf into his Houfe.

The Archbifliop in the afternoon of the fame day, being OUaber 29. fummoned in all the Orders and Societies of Ecclefiafticks in the City, he there expofed before them the open violence he pretended liad been offered him. Moft of the Clergy fir'd by his Rhetorick, concluded upon an Excommunication : viAu^onNovemb. i. he thun- dred out his Excommunication againft the Lieutenant of the Guards, and all his Companions, and tacitly againft the Duke himfelf. Cardinal Richlien endeavours an Accommodation betwixt them, but in vain.

The Guke oi EJpernon calls an Affetnbly of feveral Learned Divines in his own houfe, and all the Profcffours of the Canon Law, to have their advice upon this Cenfure. The moft part of them were of opi- nion. That there was fome Exception to be taken againft the Cenfure, ^and faid, that all the forms being not obferved, they thought that thofe againft whom it was pronounced, were not obliged by it. The Duke prefently publifhed their opinion by found of Trumpet ; at which the Archbiriiop was fo incenfed, that he cited thefe men to appear be- fore him.

The Doftors furprized at this Citation, flie to the Duke's Prote- ftion, who iffued out an Ordinance, wherein he prohibiteth all forts of pcrfons, of what quality or profeflion foever, to meet in an extra- ordinary Affembly, either in the Archbifliop's Palace, or elfe-where, without his fpecial Licence, excepting neverthelefs the Religious and Ecclefiafticks immediately belonging to the Congregation of the Arch- bifhop, and whofe Counfels he cuftomarily made ufe of, for the bet- ter ordering the Difciplineof hisDiocefs.

The Arclibifhop iffued out a fentence againft all thofe who had been ibf that opinion which the Duke had publiffied, whereby rhey were inter- difted their Charges and Ecclefiaftical Functions, prohibited to Preach the Word of God, to hear Confeflions, to Adminifter Sacraments in the Diocefs oi Burdeaiix ^ Commanding the fuperiour Provincials to chaftifethem, and expell them out of the Covcnts oi Bitrdeauw By the See of Rome all Prelates are inhibited to make any Cenl'uresagai.ift Religious Orders , upon penalty of drawing that Excommuni- cation on their own heads, which they intended to inflid upce others^

T 1 1 2 The

148 ^l)c€cclefiafl;tcaH^tfl:o?^ Gem. 17*

Tbe Religious hereupon appealed from,, ihi^fentence to the Pope, But the Archbifhop affembled the Superiours of the Religious houfes . in his Palace to condemn that opinion which they had given in favour r of Nmgas the Lieutenant.

The Duke hereupon placed, the Archers of the Watch of the City up- on all the Avenues and Gates of the Archbifliop's Palace, to hinder r fuch as would obey the Archbifhop's fummons. The Archbifhop ha- . ving notice hereof, immediately puts on his Pontificjl Robes, and;: cauling himfelf to be followed by forae Ecclefiafticks-, together with what people he had about him,. went on foot out of the Houfe, crying ; out in the Streets as he pafled along, To me ifiy.-Fecple, There ismmre. • liberty for the Church. In this pofture he went to feveral Religious H«ufes of, the City, gathering after him a great number of people (who ran from all partsto the novelty) as he went along,-and in , the end returned back towards his own Palace, without being able to , raife any commotion in the City.

Whilft thefc things were in" doing, the Duke was ,at the C4/J«c«»fr, ^ in one of the remoteft parts of the City, and having news biroughc him , by two Prefidents, of the Parliamejit what had paiTed, the Duke fpeedi-= . ly rnounted his Coach, following that way the Archbifhop was gone,, , having in company with him the Count de ^JHaillej and the Commenda-' . tor delaJHJiioe, The Duke's Coach-man drave on through all -till he came near the Archbifhop's Palace, where he overtook him.

The Archbifhop flill continued on his pace j the Duke demanded : of him by what Authority he flirred up this Commotion in his Govern- . ment ? he was by the Archbifhop interrupted, who cried aloud. Strike Tyrant., thy blowes will be to me FUveers and Rofes, Thou art Excom- . mnnicated. In thitbuftle the Duke catching him by the hand, lifted ; it up twice or thrice, and fet it againft his Breafl. But the Archbi- fliop'wiih his hat on ftill provoking him with injurious language, the Duke with a Cane he had in his hand touched the brim of his hat and ! thrufl it off his head to the ground, telling him at the fame time, he , did not know the refped he ought him. But if the Reverence.to his profeffion did not reftrain him, he would make him know it. Then the Duke being returned to his.own. houfe, the Archbifhop forthwith repaired to his, Church, and pronounced the fentence of Excommuni- . cation againfl: him, and aliihat were with him.

The Archbifhop fends away a difpatch thereof to the Court, where-' in he gives the Cardinal an account of the violen-ce that had been offered to him, at which the Cardinal was highly, inceafed. The Gouit fides with the Archbifhop, and the Parliament, of Burdeaux alfo, who draw up an information againfl the Duke. ■' The Duke likewife fent to the King informations .of what had pafTed, ' whereupon the. Xing fent Order to the Archbifhop,., to take away the

inter- .

Gent 17. Of FRANCE.

intei^diftion •, and to the Duke to depart out of his Government, and retire to his houfc of TlajfaCj which is out of the Diocefs of Bnr' deauxy to expeft the Pope's refolution, to whom the decifion of that Controverfic belonged, . feeing they had appealed to him, which hung iii fufpence about five or fix months.

After the Dukes retirement to Plajfof, the Archbifhop oi Burdeanx i^34« goes to Parisy who being arrived in Court, all the Prelates who were then in Paris, afTemblcd after an ufual manner, to deliberate among th^mfelves what was beft to be done in the Archbifhops behalf: Which convocation the Duke having notice of, he fent to them his ab- folute fubmiflion to the Church. .

The YinkedilaFalette, who was returned back to Court, demand- ed Audience in the Aflembly in the name of the -Duke his Father. . Which being, granted, he there laid down fuch reafons before them, . that of five and twenty Prelates which were there prefent, thirteen were of opinion to take upon them the quality of Judges under the good i pleafure of the Pope and the King, the Duke having abfolutely fubmic- tcd himfelfto their determinj»|jon. But this refolution was not for - the guftoftheCouru

They afTertibled then again at the Palace of the Archbifhop of Bitrdc' ■ 4«.v, and from thence fent a Deputation to the King, wherein the Archbilhop of>4*-/i?j was to fpeakfor the reft. , The Bifhop in his Ora- - lion ufed all the odious terms he could invent, to pofTcfs the King with the higheft fenfe of the Duke's raifdcmeanour. UpOn which occafion Cajpian Bifhop of Nantesy one of the moft vercuous Prelates of his ^ time, cried out, That if it werepoffiblefor the Devil to fubmit him- ■ felf to God zyilrhighty, to fuch a degree at the Duke did, he wonld ■ infallibly obtain pardon for all his offences : and thtt notwithftand:ng the Church deriy'd this pardon to a Chrifiidn^ who had everferved God •' and his Church. ■

Upon the Complaints of the Clergy prefer 'd to the King by the . mouth of the Archbifhop of v^r/f J, the Cardinal whowas prelent at the Council, was of opinion. That upon the Dukes's fingleconfeffion con- - tained in his anfwer, he ought to be reputed Excommunicate : and as fo, that the King ought to declare himlapfcd from all his Offices and ' Dignities, till by vertue of his Abfolution he (hould be re-unitcd to the • Church. .

The Duke now fend; his Secretary from Flaff.ic to Row to pro- • cure his Abfolution. But fo many rubs from frrfwff were hid in his ■ • way, that four whole months were laps'd before the Duke could receive .• his Abfolution.

The Duke's Abfolution being refolvcd on,- and order given to the ■ Archbifliop to give it him, and the day for Abfolution being appoin- ted ,.. the Duke of E^emou attended, by the Dake ds la Falette,

and J

i^T""""^^S:!)e €tt!e6alticai ^Slo^p c^m. 17.

and ftveral perfons of quality, went to Coutras, whither being come, the ArchbJfliop who was already there, accotnpanied wich his Ecde- fiafticks, went firft tothe Church, where theDoke following after, and prefenting bimfclf before him, kneeled down upon iVelvec Cufliion laid ready for that purpofe. In tlvis pofture, arid in the prefence of : fiv* Counfcllours- of the Parliament oiBiirdeauXywho were by theKing's order to be affifting at this Ceremony, the Archbifliop pronounced his LAbfolutionjn thefe words.

Et Ego 'Author itate Ecclefa^ & eacmafungor^ abjolvo teavincu- lo-Excomnmnicationis., quam incHrrifiiy quia immHnhatem Ecclejix me£ Metroplitant jierjregifti , manum armatam miUtHm, Ht me cht' rurnqne mcnm invia Jifterent^ mififti rStatione difpojtta Palatmm m- flmm vallajii', jHrifditHonet>r Ecclefiafiicam violafii^ eamqne tibl ar- rogafil :-Nos,' CUrumque 7tofiruminfgmbiu,.(^ indignis cotititmeUu ^ff'tcifli : In nomine Patru, (^ FHii, &c.

-Though the Duke was no great Lacinift, he had neverthelcfs fomuch, as to underftand many words of this Abfolution , by which he ob- feved they were not according to the ordinary ftile of the Church. The Duke after his return received by an exprefs Currier from Court, bis Majefties orders to return into G«/fw»e to his former Government. And it happened well not to the Duke alone, but as much alfo to the Province, and to the whole Kingdom, that the Duke was at this time reftored to his Command. ■_ Soon after a great Sedition was raifed in Biirdeaux by reafoB of ' the Excife upon Viduallers. The Duke oppofeth the Seditious, forcech divers Barricado's, wherein divers of his men are flain and wounded, and beacethdown their Barricado's, and rcduceth the Ci- ty to its obedience to the King. The whole Province of G"«;f» except iMomaubau, brake out into open Arms, committing every-where all the barbarous Ads of an inhumane fury. The Duke fends his orders into all parts of the Province , which a little quiets them.

The commotions of the City were no fooner appeafed, but that madnefs

difFufed it felf into the Villages of the adjacent Country. The Boors in

great numbers got into the Suburb of Burdsc.ux, called S. 5«r/», to

which place the Duke's houfe was near enough for him to hear their

Clamours, and from his Chamber-window that looked into the fields

to fee the fires they had kindled in feveral houfes, of which thegrea-

.teft part were miferably confumed. The Duke being under great indif-

poficion got .out of his bed , mounted to horfe by night, and witli forty or

fi ty Gentlemen, his Guards, and fome of the Town-Companies, went

out toward thefe Mutineers. They had fortified tliemfelves in feveral

places of the Suburb, bad Barricado'd the Church , and made a (hew

of defending themfelvcs. But at the Duke's arrival they almoft all

disband-

eenc. 17. Of FRANCE.

disbanded aad ran away, none fave thofe in the Church making any fefiflance , who alfo at the firft Volley difcharged upon them fled after their fellows ; forty or fifty of them werellain by the Civalry purfuing them , at whofe death the Duke was greatly afflided. The- reporc of this. execution difperfing it felf in-a moment throughout the whole Province, caiHed a calm every- where.

Now the Cardinal de lafQtette, Son to the Duke of EJperf2on,w zs fenc at the head of a great Army into (jtrmany, the Command where- of was equally divided between him and Duke Weimar : The Duke oiEJpernon was diffatisfied that the Cardinal ^? /^ F'<«/f:^^ advanced in- to iht Church by his Learning, Birth, and Fortune, to fo eminent a degree of dignity and reputation, that ftiould wholly have applied himfeifto herfcrvice, that he fhould hazard his life in fo dangerous a profefsion. He- ever apprehended it would be fatal to him, and ■ therefore had done all he tould to diflwade him from it, employing;^ alfo the endeavours of feveral his moft intimate friends and fervaiits, but all in vain. Either the humour of the time, the inclination of his Son, the neceffity of his deftiny, or all together ftilJ prevailing witn " him above the fears or forefight of fo afFeftionate a Father.

In- the mean time the Duke of Rohan was fain from Lorrain'xnto. Alfdtia, where he took ^«/<?cfe -by ftorm. Then Commiflary 5«//wz had private direftions to go albng with iJ^vnjieur de Z//z«a'e Ambaf- fadour and Governour of the French Forces which were in Rhetia, to the cnterprize of the ValtoUne, The French Forces marched to- ward the- Mountain Spluga, and came to Chiavena, advanced to Riva, and pafiirig over Sajfocorhe, ( which is a Rock between the Mountain and the Lake, by which way they are topafs who will go from thence - by Land into the' Valley, which is a very ftrait pafTagej they camtto 7V«o«, not meeting with any hindrance. For the State of MiUn wanting necefiary Forces for maintaining it felf, was rather thinking upon felf defence, than how to fet upon another. And becaufe the French mensdefign wastofhut up all pafTages into that Stare, in fudi ' fort as it (hould be impoffible for the Emperour to fend them any fuccour by the way oi Tyrol, theDukeof ^o^^« came thither onjpril 24-. with- two Regiments of Swhz.crs, and five Companies of Horfe, and madehimfelfMafterofthe reft of the Valley. But after ^»/w?7 had ' held it divers months, the Grifon Colonels and Captains laying claim to much money ^ and others who were deftined to have the' Gbvern- ment, claiming the reftitution of ihe ValtoUne according ro promife, they mutiny'd, and betaking themfelves to Arms throughout all Rhetiay they fecured the Duke of Roban'mtht'^on of May nfett, and enforced ■' thf French to forfake them, and to return to their owii King's domi* .

»5»

nions.

Thfn

1^1 ^je€ccle(iafttcal#ttto?p Cent ly.

Then the Grifom entred into this ValJey, and recovered their liber- ty. Rohan not being able to efcape from . Co^ra, whirher he was brought from Afy^/f/f as an Hoftage, remained there until fuch time as

■ his men were gone out ofRhetia.

Thcdeatdofthe • Afterward Dvks Ro(:fan Wounded in the Battel of^/'«^r/,!idieth. He Dukeof Kt^jA, ^as a Duke and Peer of France^ beingbredup in the Wars under King -Henry IV. he attained to fuch esptrience, as following the opinion and Party of the Proteftants, be was by them chofen to be their Gene- ra!, in which charge he alwaies ftoutly behaved himfelf till fuch time as he got his Pardon from King Lepixs XIII. Of a civil and courte- ous deportment to all perfons : of afharpwit, wary in his proceed- ings, and in his Counfels well advifcd. ' He was free from pride and ambition, Noble in his expenfes,- contemning an increafe of Wealth and riches. He died to the ^reat grief of Duke JTf/w^, and all the other Commanders, and of all the Proteftants.

In the year 16^7 J Francis ^«p«/, a Doftor oiSofbon, wasconvcrtcd to the Reformed Religion, whereupon the faculty of Theology pronoun- ced this rigid decree againft him. It is very properly, and with great reafoDjthat the Apoftle ranks Here- iMcl'Xiiil^^ fics among Crimes and carnal fins, becaafe we often perceive that by a fecret judgement of God, thofe ufe to fall and tumble into them , who fweiling with the vanity and confidence of their own fenfe, or

■ walking according to the flefh, fufFer not themfelves to be led by the fpiritof God, nor believe that they are tyed to any rule, buttheytafte nothing but what pleafeth man as he is a fenfitive Animal. Whereof

i Francis Cfipif of iAngers^ whom the facred Faculty had nouriflied before in her bofom, and at laft unhappily received into the number ef her Dodors, to the great fcandal of all good men, and the applaufe ~ of the enemies of the Crofs of Chrift, hath lately given an horrid and moft deplorable example. For according to the honour that was con- ferred upon him incur School, not minding the law he had received from fo good a Mother, which might have drawn down upon his head all graces from God and men-, and having quite forgot the Oath he had made fo oft, and whereunto according to ancient inflitution aU new Graduates, and all fuch who are promoted to the degree of Do- dorfhips are folemnly obliged ; He is miferably fallen ( faid they ) from the holy Catholick Church, whereby he hath drawn upon him- felf thelofs of his foul before God, fhame and infamy before men, and malediftion from all parts ; This imprudent Son is become the grief and fadnefs of his Mother, then, when by a perfidious prevarication abjuring the true Doftrine, he hath moft impudently turn'd Hcrc- lick, giving up his name to impiety and falfhood. But whence can it proceed, that he ftiould fo eafilyfall intofo fearful a precipice, but from the natural prefumption of his own judgement, and from the ar- dour'

Cent.i/. Of FRANCE. ijf

dour of unbridled pleafure, &c ? Whence it comes to pafs, that being blinded , and walking continually according to his own co- vetoufnefs, having (haken off the fweet and light Yoak of Jefus Chrift, he is become a voluntary flave to Herefie, which is the height of all fins. It being therefore true , that as the Chriftian Empcrours faid, Whatfoever is attempted againft Divine Religion, becomes injurious to all : withgreaterreafon the Sacred Faculty of Theology haih beHev'd, That the wrong which is done Jefus Chrift , and to the Catholick Faith by this degenerate Child, did concern her fo far as to pronounce a grave Genfure according to the atrocity of the Crime, againft fuch a notorious infamy, and to feparate him totally from Her, and her Nurfery, though it be nothing at all to be fear'd chat luch Baftard Plants will take any deep roots. Curfed be thou degenerate Child, which goeft on after thine own Counfei, not according to mine, which warpeft a web, but not by my diredtion, which doQ add fin to fin, which goeft down to Egypt, and to the Synagogue of Satan, andcon- fulteft not with me, nor remembreft my Precepts. Thou haft reje- ded my Difcipline, hoping for fuccour in the help oiCahin and his followers, and haft confidence in the ftiadowof Egypt, that is to fay, in the Conventicle ofHercticks : but this imaginary ftrength fliall be- come thy confufion ^ and the confidence of this ftiadow which thou foUoweft, in defpifing the Body of the Orthodoxal Church, fliallturn to thy (hamc. So Anathema was frpmjyncgdj an4.p)uyipkly fix'd up againft him. ' " ' , ;* \

The Queen of France was brought to bed of a JPrinec on September 5., 1 63 8. at St. German de lay, he was born in the twenty third year af?er the Marriage of the King and Queen. The King upon news there- of, threw himfelf upon his knees before a Crucifix, and returned hum- ble thanks and acknowledgements to God for his fo great goodnefs to- ward him.

All fr<2«« was full of jollity, as they exprefled by their voices, ge- ftures, andaftions. Yea this gladnefs difperfedit felfupand dov^nall places of Chriftendom ( that were Friends to irariQe ) and ftruck a kind of wonderment into the world.

In ^owtfthere were divers inventions, and curiofities found out toex- prefs a congratulation. Beforethefrfw/jAmbafladour's Palace fwho was then the Mar^td d' Eftre ) there was a triumphant Obelisk with the Arms oiErance^ and this Oftentous Infcription underneath.

U u u Ludo.

154 %t^t eaitUammm^oiv cent. 17.

Ludovico XIII.,

Chripiavfjfitfio Galliarim c^ Nnvarrt. Regi^

Slid

PuManttm per aviea regna H<treticnm Hydrant Petulantem in orbe Chrijtiam novum fieryonetn^ HtrcHlca clava comprejfit :

jirM per impietatim everfaty Frinciptj per Tyrannidem opprejfosy

Armata pietate refiitHtt ' .'.'

i^qui^mi Hereis JujiitU debitt,

DelphiWf

TtiteraHrealilianafcentiy

Inter paterms Uuros vagiemiy JcHtHrofutHrerum monfiUfrum Alcidii

Jn affliHorum fubfidiHtn^

JnTyranmrum excidtHm^

In Uliorum atermm germefij.

InEcdeJjainvi[iHmcolm>eHy £ calo in terris Jinpenda ratianeJemUfo,

Piaufwy acclamationes, Trophaa FntHraglori£ argumentay Prxfentis Ufitiamonumfita,

Atto/lit, adjungity erigit, FrancifcM Hannibal EfirigtUy Sec.

For publick arguments of >oy, Prifoners and GaUey-ilaves were re: lealed. Two were ennobled in every Generalcy throughout the King- dom. And four Mafters were created in every Trade throughout • france , with divers other priviledges afforded, to them of ■ram.

In the year 1640. a great combuftion happened in C^<j/»«/rf, which grew fo furious, that the Viceroy with his Wife and fome of his Farai. ly were murthered, and his houfe burned to the ground. This tumult by degrees turned to an abfolute revolt from their Sovereign natural King, inforauch that they fled to France. The French quickly hearken unfo rhem . fo there was a Treaty at Narbcn, whither they fent twelve per» fonsofquahtyforHoftages., and an Order ifTued out, ThatHefhould be branded with an hot Iron, whofpake of any accommodation with

Cafiik,

Cenc. 17> __ Of FRANCE. 155

Cafttlc It was agreed on, that upon putting therafelves under the Royal Proteftion of the moft Chriftian King, he (hould furniihthem with an Array of fix thoufand Foot, and two thoufand Horfe,to be main- tained by the Catalans. Hereupon three Commiffioners were fenc to Pariiy one for the Clergy J another for the Nobtluy, and a third for the Gentry and Commonalty. ... , ,

Thechiefeft Incendiaries were the Preachmg Friers and Monks, who in lieu of obedience and conformity to Government, and complianca with the King, having fo many Irons in the fire, did teach, and obtrude 10 the people nothing more than common Priviledge, and refumption ot Liberty, whereby the affeftion oftheVaffal was withdrawn from his

Prince.

There came a Meffengcr o&Scate to Paris, who brought news of the Great Turki death in the flower of his youth, though of a robuft conftitution. He died by excefs of drinking fome forts of Wine, wherewith he was ufed to be oft diftempered, not withftanding the ftridLaw oi Mahomet, who ofteniPreached this Doftrine, That there woiaDcvil in every berry of the Grape ; and therefore abfolutelym- terdifted theufeofWineinhis>i/cW/i». , . .

Soon after Don John of Braganfa was (upon a general revolt of the TortHZttefes ) within lefs than a month fully fetled in the Kingdoms of Tortujral and the Mgarves^ without any oppofition at all. This Re- volt of Pffrr«M/ was no great news to the frwc/j Cardinal, who had his fpirits walking there, as well ism Barcelona, and every where

elfe.

The Spanil!} Ambaffadours negotiate at Rome, that the Duke of Brasranfa be Excommunicated for an Ufurper. If this had taken effeft , it had made the King ofFr<j«« incapable to afllft him bemg an Excom- municated perfon. But France had fuch a powerful Fadion m the Con- fiftory, and the Pope was fuch a friend to the French, that the Catho- liaue King could do little good in this point. , ^^r •

Then was France bleffed with another Mafculme Royal Oftlpnng,

the Duke of >4«yo«. , , , ^

In the year 1642. MaryiieMedices,Queen'Uother,ind Dowager of France, expired at Colen. She had been Regent oi France miny years during which timeftedifcovered great abilities iranfcending her Sex. ' She was afterwards twice in Arms againft her Son •, and (he came at length to conceive fuch a Junoman indignation againrt the Cardinal Richlieu, who had been chief of her Counfel?, and her Creature afterwards in point of greatnefs ( for (he firft preferred him to the King) that the breach could never be made up between them. And (he was ufed to fay, that the worit thing file ever did was the advancement of Richlieu. In the fenfc of this indignation flie forlook France and drew a voluntary Exile upon her felf. She firft retired ' ' Uuu z to

', ^ 6 ^^ X!jc ccclefiafricai l&iao^p Cenc 1 7 .

to Flanders •, thence fhe removed to Holland, thence to England-^ and her lad retirement wastoCoif^, where fhe died.

The Cardinal of Richlieu was fick that time that the Queen-Mother, died iiColen ; yet he forced himfelf to creep to the Altar, and offici- ated many Church-duties for her foul. Erom that rime he was never perfectly recovered, and now more like a Skeleton than his Eminence, being carried upon the ftioulders of men, hath houfes broken down to make hira room to come in at, fo much F^-ewc^ blood loft at home,, fo much fhed in the field, difquiets and dejeds his fpirit, pow impr-iCon- ed in a languifhing body. Cinque- A£irs xht. Grand (^onflable,'3!n^ de Thouhie Mafter of ^f^«£/?j were apprehended at Narbon tht vity day that the King had but in the morning embraced and kiffedC/»^«e- Jl^rs, and had talked very courteoufly to de Thou, The fame was done to de Bovillon, at Cajailles,

The Prifoners are brought lo Lions, where by chofen Judges tb^ are condemned, and upon a Scaffold beheaded. DeBoviHon gdt'Ujff. withthefurrenderof5f^4«. -^

At length Cardinal Richlieu s fcarcely breathing Corpfe, nothing beneficed by the Waters of Borbogne^ is btought to P«w, hc'died-ih; the end of the year 1642.

Richlieu was no great Zealot in his own Religion, but as he made it fubfervienc to his political ends : nor would he e-.er employ any Je- iiintr. He had a moderate opinion of the Reformifts, which made bifia CO be called the Hugonot Cardinal. And he would have often in bts mouth this faying, Aianeat moralis benevolefitia, inter difcordes fen- tentia. Yet he wrote a Book againft them, which is extant. He did them more mifchief by Complementing with them, than by com- bating.

He was a great cherifher and promoter ofvertuousmen, andwouid find them out wherefoever they were, infomucb that he gave evei^ year in Penfions little lefs than an hundred -choufand Franks. , Hecre- d:ed two Academies, one in Faris, call ed I' Jcademie de Beaux EJpritjy where the Prime Wits of the Kingdom met every Monday ^ and ano- ther ar Richlieu, where the Mathematiques and other Sciences were read in the French Language ; the difficulty of the Latine deter- ring many of them from ftudying other- places.. He did fo oblige all the Wits of the Kingdom, that they flrove who fhould magnifie him moft : never were there fuch hyperbolical espreflSons of any man, and not without fome mixture of profanenefs. Someblaf- pbemoufly faid. That God u4lmighty might, ^nt the Govern»>erit ef-phe World into his hand. That France in God, and the Cardinal's hands vetre TOO ftrong. That, what the foul was to the body, thefAOif'hg'Was ?o France, ' •■-:/.'■•

Cent. 17. .Of FRANCE. 157

, — -, '■^•-'--^■■- ■ —

Siforet hicmllftSf Gallia uitllaforet.

iC li-' .: ' '

Some appropriate the redudiondf the Rochellers folely to him. Therefore to footh him, one French Chronicler impioufly writeth, that in the taking of that Town, Neither the Kingnor God Almighty him- felf had any (hare in the Adion, but Cardinal Richlien, Thereupon Another made this Diftich.

Richelii adventu prta patuere RnpeUaj Chrifio infernalesut patuere for^s^

The Gates ofKocht\ opemdtoYi^chWtii, As thofs of Hell to Chrifi afmderflew.

Divers other LatineDiftichs there were of like nature.. And in the French Language there are abundance of fuch Hyperboles. I will in- ftance in fome.

EtfimUifaifons des ghirlandes^ C eft pour en couronner unliieuj Quifouhs le nom de Richlieu Recoit nos f^cenXf ^mscffrandreu

Anoth?^.;^v>J

Heros a qui la France crige des Aitels, Que prevoii, & qui fats lehon heurdesmertelsy.: v.A ;sJ^,»/fw**'.'»»««-^ I' advemr,queksehafeiipaffeer^' "'''''■' ' "" Peiietre dans mon Ame, Sec.

'Another.

Siquelq' tm dans ces vers parle de Richlieu, Quifoui I' habit d' un homme ilnous defer ive tin dieu ; Voui n efies point fuiet al'humaine imptiiffance-i'Scc,

A Royal Chronologcr attributes more to him than ro his Mafter th«- King himfelf. He calls him the Grand Director ^ and mod puiflant .GentM of France, theperfedeftof men, who doth penetrate things to come, and is ignorant of nothing -. great and incomparable Caidinal,the- moft eminent among mortals -, to whom, the crabbed'ft and moft my- ftcrious affairs of State are but paftimes : vifibleGod, and tutelar An- ^. gel of the Univerfe • a fpirit that moves the Heavens and and the Stars ^ .^

thcv /'

^iM^jfeijWw). J'O've.i.

ITg %\)t eccieCadtmi ^iftmv cent. i>i

the blifs of the world , the Supreaae Intelligence, the Phoenix of the earth, who never had, noc'cvcr fliall have his parellel.

As there were a number of fuch profane Sycophants arciong the Wits oiPrmcCy that idolized liini in that, manner, fo there wanted not others that afperfed him by PafquilsandLibels.

One caUeth the Capuchin, the Cardinal, and the Devil, the three dc; grees of Comparifon, j ■ )'

., „„ri.oc One hath made this Epiwphicalinvcaive on him

uid^a 'viator^ quo froferoi ? ^uod nufqitam iiidebU, ant audies. heic Ugitur^ nArmandus Johannes de Plejfis Cardinalis de RichlieUf Clarui VriginCy magnm itJgenio,fortnna emitttmiffimn*f

^uodque mirerty ' Sactrdos in Cafirii^Theologtu in Aula^ Epifcoptu/tfte pUhei Curdinalit fine tituloj Rex fine nomincy tintu tamen emnia, Naturam hahuit innumerato,fortHnam inconfilioy (./£rarium in peculio; fecuritateminbeUoy vicloriamfubfi^nfff Sociosinpriccinctiiycives in fervitHte^ Amicosin obfequio, inimicos in carcere, - -Hoc tamen uno mifer, quod omnes miferosfecitl Tamfeculiftti Termentum, quam ornamentum,

GaUiamfubegitj Italiam terrnity Ctrmaniam quajfavitl Afflixit Hijpaniamy ceronavit Briganz-am^ cepit LotharingiaWy Accepit ^ataloniamy fovit Sfteciamytruncavit JFUndriam, ; ; Turbavit Angliam, lufit E»ropam. . -^ ' '^

Toeta purpHratuiy Cmfcenawimdw, gloria fiiparium, Regia gazjiChoragiumfuitl

Tragicui maxime quamfabulammalefiihit. Tofi regnum Tefiamento fuis difiribhtumy panpertAtem popttlo im- peratamy Dijfipatos PrincipeSy nebilitatemfuppUciis exhaufiamy ScnatHmauthoritttteJpoUatHm, exteroi Centeybelk & incertdiis vA' fi:atMy Pacem terra mariqueprofiigatam, ■ Chmfatifcente corporey animHtn gravioribui confiliis igre vege\ tarety Et nHlliiU non inter effet ipfum ant vivere aut moriy jMttque bona fiti parte vfortuus , aliorHjn tantum mone vii ■'. vcrety "~ ■

' -Dtrepentf^iraredefiit^timrh

\ hi-- 2

Cent. 17. Off RANGE.

»59

Ofiuxa mortalitas ! Quamtenue momentum efi inter omnia &. nihil ?

Martai cerpMi rheda extulitj Secuti equites, .feditcfque magna numera ■ paces pratulerunt Ephebiy crhcemnemo, quia cur r us pHblicamfe-^ rebat.

Denique hunc tumHlnm implet tton totttm, Quem tota Enropa non implcbat. Inter Theolagosfittu ingens dijpHtandi argument tmi ^omigravit facr amentum efi.

Hm tC} le^or vtluif heie te metire^ Et abi.

Stay paflenger, where haft'neft thou ? ^ Here iriaift thou read what thou (halt not fee, nor hear any where dfe. Armand, John du Plijjls, Cardinal ofRichlieu Noble by defcent, great in wit, moil eminent in fortune,

And what thou maift admirej , A Prieft. in the Field, a Divine at Court, A Bilhop without.a Cure, a Cardinal without a Title, a King without name,

Yet one who was all tliefe.' Hehad nature in all her numbers. Fortune in his Counfels, The Royal Treafure in pofleffion, f ecurity in War, Viftory under his Banner, , He kept his. Confederates in compafs, his-Countrey-men in fcr^ - vitude. His friends, at a diftanc«, his enemies in Prifon. . In this only wretched that he made all men fo. Being as well the torment, as .the ornament of his time. . He fubdu'd France, he fcar'd Italy, he (hook the Empire, He afflifted 5p^««, he Crown'd 5r^^<iwj:<«, he took Lorr<?»;7, He accepted ..of Catalonia^, he fomented Sweden, he miim'd" i Flanders, He troubled Ettglandy he coufened all Europe. .

A purpled Potrr,- Whofe Stage was the world, glory his Curtain, the Exchcquei •■:

his tyring houfe, Hisfubjeftfor the moft;par.t tragical, to which he' put an ill Ca- -

laftrophe. Having turn'd the Kingdom to Legacies, bequeathed poverty to thi •

people, Difljpated the Princes, eshaufted the Nobility with punifliments,

Befefi I

', 6o ^HiCceleflafti'cai ^i&oif Gent, ty.

Bereft the Payliaraent of power, deftroy'd other Nations witli fire and fwbrd, ' ~

Driven aWray peace by Sea aiid Land. His -body now fainting, hiis mind not recreable for reftlefs thoughts, When it concern'd every one that he fhould live or die, Being ingood'part already mortifi'd , and living oiily in others death, " ', ■•■y ^ ■■■■■ r ■;•■•■ ■• -•

He fudcfenif C^'as^ii to feir^atli^ ^ttd'to'tie feared.

O the frail things of raortalit y! What a fraall monfent is there betwixt fotaething and nothing ? The Corpfe were carried in a Chariot, Horfe and Foot followed

in great numbers, Pages carried Torches, none the Crofs, for the Chariot carried the publick Crofs. .-; = -

In fine, he hardly fill'd up his grave. Whom all £«rppe could not fill. ; He lies among the 5or^o»i/?/j "GifDifj[3tlte a mighty Argument, Whither he is gone 'tis a Sacrament, Header, this is all I would have with thee. Hereby meafurc thy felf, and be gone.

He died at Paris 't)ecemhr 4. 1642. in the5f7. year^ and third month of his Age.

After the deceafe ofRichlien^ Cardinal Julius Mttzarin, a Gentleman 'of an ancient Roman Extradion, was put to lit at the Helm. He toge- ther with Leo 'Bouthiller Chavigni, and SoubletNoyer, both Secreta- ries of State, were the Cabinet Counfel to the King. Maz,arin was a bofom friend, and a great intrinfick Confident of ^zV^/jV^ before, who had imparted his defigns, infufed all his Maxims into him, and open- ed unto him all the Arcana Imperii. He had been an aftivc politi- cal Inftrument employed by the Pope before in fundry Treaties, and difficult traverfes of State, wherein he had good fuccefs ,;iand in all his negotiations he was difcovered to be a Perfon of excellelit addrefs and rare endowments. . ,,

Five months after the death of Cardinal /f/c^/ifw, the King fell fie k at S. Germanic and died on May 14. 1643. the fame month, the fame day of thenionth, and about the fame hour of the day that his Father died thirty three years before, but vvith this mark of difFerence^ that the one went out, the other was fent out of the world about the fame time. His bowels were prefently carried tO be interred at Saint, Df»- nis^ whither his Body followed after in the height of all folemnity

ana

Cent. 177"^""^^^ A N C Er~ 1 6 1

and magnificence that his Queen could dcvife, whom he left Regent of the Realm.

He was a great Zealot in the Religion and Ceremonies of the Church of Rome. When the Queen found her felf quick, hecaus'da Iblemn Declaration to be publiflied, wh<rein he made the blefTed Vir- gin Proteftrefs under the holy Trinity of all his Eftates, all which he confecrated to her : and for an immortal Mark of this Confecration, fee commanded the great Altar in the Cathedral Church of Paris to be built anew, with the Image of the Virgin, which fhould hold in her Arms that of our Saviour-, and the K. to lie proftrate before the Son and Mother, offering them his Crown and Scepter, The Archbifliop of Farts was enjoyn'd to Commemorate this Declaration once every year upon Aflumption-day at the Altar in the Morning •, and that in the Evening a general Procelfion fhould be made, wherein the Provoft of Taris, and all the Soveraign Companies (b.ould be afilftant with the Court of Parliament. This Command extended to all other Archbi- fhops and Bifhops throughout Vrance, that they (hould in every Ca- thedral Church ereft one fpecial Altar to the Virgin Mary for this end, and in commemoration of this Aft to pepetuity.

One Inftance more I fhall add of his Zeal to the Romi^ Religion, When the Old Marjhal de la Force a Proteftant, was admitted to fee him a little before he expired, he told him on his death-bed, That he thought God Almighty fuffe-r'd him ( meaning the Marfhal ) to live folong upon Earth expeftinghisConvcrfion, as he had done that: oi Lefdiguiers.

He put out fundry Proclamations againft Swearers, againft Pride in apparel ,as alfo againft Duels : and the laft was fo ftrift. That both the appellant and defendent whofoeverdid furvive, {hould fuffer death with- out mercy, and be deprived of Chriftian burial, but both roc upon the Gallows with their heels upwards.

Here I (hall put down a Lift of divers Books that were Printed in France for fundry years paft.

Francifci Garcia EvaMgeliciu concionator., Printed at Lionsy Anntx^ 1622. Petri Damiani Citrdin4lis Of era , Printed at Z.«£»«J, 1625. Bibliothica Feterum Patrum (^rxcorHf/t , Printed at Taris] 1624.

Dem , Natura, & Gratia^ by Saint Qara, Printed at Lions, 1625;.

Puteani (/imwentaria in fiimmam D. Thomity Printed at Tholoufe^ x6zj.

Bihlia. Seftuaginta ctimCraco Teftamento Grsc, Lat. in three Vo- lumes. Printed at P<jr/if, 1628.

Xxs Biblia

,6i %'bt cccUfiafttcaH^ifto^V cent. 17.

Biblia Vulgata, Printed 1628.

Bibliotheca Ordinii Pmmonftratenjis fer Joh. le Trahe^ Printed at Tans, 1653.

Ludov. DoU de ConcHrfibus Dei er creaturx. Printed 3C Lionf^

1634- Concilia Gentralia. Grac. LaUKn. Volumes, Printed at Tar if. Franc. Lanovii Chronicon generate ordinis Minimorum, Printed at Tar is, 1635..

Didacw 'Bj.x.a de Chrifio fignrato in Fet.TeJlan. Printed at Liotrjf 1636.

Francis HallicK- de facris eklHonihus ^ ordinationihui^ at P<«r«r, 1636. -'-•-■

Hifloria Sc define Gallicnns, zt Paris, 16^6. Franc, Bouquet de Tontijicibm KomAuis I Gallia or ittndis, Jacohi Sirmondi profemftrian contra Eiicharifl, Cl.SaLmaf.i. Jac. SJrmnndi opufcnla 1)ogmatiim veterum Scriporam. iy4ndrerv de: Saitffay zJkfartyrologiam GalUcanHm, at Taris, 1637, J^art.Sonacinna opera omnia^Viiniedil Paris, 1633. Jacobi Saliani Annates Ecclejhfiici. Steph. Fagitndez. in Decalog, n Lions, 1640, Thefes TloeologicA Protefi. iy4cad.emi£ Salmurienfs, at SaulmUr, 1641. Hottingeri Hifloria, Ecctejiafiica, five Volumes complear. Bottingeri Anateita Hiflorico-Theologica,\ Odavo. Afterwards Anno 1646. there was publifhed A^natitim Ecclefajiico- ram Spitome, at Roven.

Novijfima Gafli<s Concitia a Tempore Concitii Trident ini, ad Aanuny 1646, at Paris.

Lewes XIV. the prefent French King^ fucceeded his Father in the Kingdom, being about five years old.

Mazarine cafting with himfelf what is hurtful and profitable, paft this fentenceupon the Clergy.

Thefe are his words counfelliiig the Queen Regent ; The Sacred Order for thefe many years hath had but a thin harveft of excellent Perfoas, however it come to pafs. Men follow after nice Queftions, live idly, donor embrace ferious Studies. All is done with pomp, nay if any Sermons be to be made, and the very, venerable facrifice offered^ ©f their Office they lay claim to nothing but their Rents : the duty of Preaching, which is the principal dignity of a BilTiop, they quit to anyone though never fo infufRcienr, They think themfelves Bilhop- enough, if they can but ride in fine Coaches with their Arms fet on, out-vie one another in rich Liveries and T.acquies, and punifh with ri- gour thofe that tranfgrefs in the leaft matters. Perpetual haunters of laddies Couches, not without undervaluing the Pafloral ftaff. This is.

fox

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. *" i5j

for the moft part,for there are forae that lead holy and unfcprovable Itves. He that fhall take offence, will own hirafelf not to be oneof thefe, but thofc other. So much power hath Rehgion over the minds of men, that as often as among men in holy Orders any eminent vertue hath got up, and overcome the common attainments and the vices of mankind, it is adored like a Deity. At that time that company was of no weight nor moment in France^ faid Mazarine.

There was Francis Paul Gondy^ by extraftion a Florentine, but born in France, Abbot of Rhetz.y afterwards Coadjutor to the BiHiop of Paris, Archbifhop of Corinth, one that if occafion had offered, would have afpired high, as Cardinal Maz.arine confeflcd he was perfwaded Over and above an honourable Family, he had eloquence and learning with promptnefs of fpirit.

All was now profperous and quiet in France, wliofe power reached over Almania from the Maz.elin Brink beyond the Rhine. By the Viftory at Norlingue, the parts confining on the Danube, were after- wards invaded, and terror ftruck on all fides. In Sfain by feizing Tortofa and Flix the French got to the River Iber. Their Fleets ranged over the Mediterranean and Ocean.

All/w/y, from the Pope f who then wzs Vrban VIII) to thcleaft Princes, bore reverence. The Dukes of Savoy, Mantua, and cJ%)- de»a, then rather Inflruments of French flavery, than free Princes. The Kings oi Sweden ^ni Denmark^, hoiR.ed oi their frirndfhip : the Pole fued for it. The Elcftors 01 Germany fought to intereft themfelves in their favour. Portugal rent from Spain, depended on the looks of France, whofc YoikCatatonia had put on, being weary of the 5^<jw//7> Dominion. The Low Countries ftuck clofc to them : All £«ropf with aftonifhmem flood gazing at fuch aftateof thefrew/j affairs: nothing was then wanting to compleat their bappinefs befides moderation, and the art of enjoying it.

Paul Gondy df figned Archbifhop of Paris, is confecrated of Co- rinth ( it is the Rfhop of Rome's praftice, chat (o the whole world may be thought depending on the Vatican Oracle, to cxercife his au- thority even upon the diflenting parts.) That day was firft occafion of muchenfuing mifchief.

Fcrrario Pallavicini, a Canon Regular, a Farmefan, of a N)blc houfe, fharply inveighing in libellous Pamphlets againft the pradices of the Roman Court, loft his Head at Avignon in France, and gave ii « ftancehow unfafe athingitis to touch upon the Roman State in writing, though never fo truly.

The Divifions of Italy being clofed up, Pope Vrban VIII. died July 29. 1644. after he had fate twenty one years and fomc months.

Xxx i Then

i64 ^1)^ CCClefiadtcal l^lftOl^ Cent. 17»

Then GioBattifia PampbiliOj a Noble Roman, was Proclaimed Pope, after the See had been vacant 45. daies. He alTumed the name of /»»or cent ihe Tenth. TheHtft.of This Eleftion was not at all difpleafing to the French, though they

Cardinals vvete Hot 3 little difpkafed.ac Cardinal Antenio, who for his own ^"■••5- ''^' ^" private Intereft had by his reiterated inftances perfwaded that Crown to the exclufion of Famphilio, and afterwards confented to it contrary to the King's order, and without expefting the return of the Currier, which was difpatched to that Court, that they might confult upon the buFjiefs.. For which the FrenckKing thought fit to degrade Cardinal Antonio irom the honour he poflefled ofbeingProteftor ofFr^we, and to take away his Royal favour from TVo^o/?, and the Marquefs of SanFito his Brother, and torecal his AmbafTadour San Simon into , France, to render an account of his prep eedings -, yet in the mean time the moft Chriflian King faii'd notwithall adions of goodnefsandgsi nerofity to endeavour a correfpondence with the Perfon and Houfe of the new Pope, giving him to underftand that the chaftifement of the aforefaid perfons, proceeded from the averfion they had to his Eledi-' 1 on- : or at leaft for that they had perfwaded that. Crown to his excluli-;

on, with arguments much contrary to the truth.

About the end of the year 1646. died Hemy BourboH Prince of Co». de^ not yet fixtyyears old. Nothing wasinore methodical than the whole courfe of his life : every adjon^had its proper feafon, and each year they returned in their due Periods, as by a Kalendar,.

The young King fell dangeroufly fick of the fmall Pox, but he recover red, and grew up under the inftrudions oi Hardovjn Perejix Abbot of Beanmont, a man ofapleafant gravity and wifdom, afterwards Archbi- fhop of Farts, who might have been ftiled the King's Seneca, but that he hapned upon a Trajan, .

■In the year 1647. Whores and Bawds of all forts were banifhed oui; otParis • not by an Ad of Parliament, but by anOrderof thePrflvofl Marefchal.

A Writer of that ftory faiitb. It wa? a fLamefuI thing to ftir thofe'mat; _ters, which haying been flirred would have ftunk filthily : and to be fierce againfl poor Whores, when Noble Ladies did proftitute them? fglves without punifhment.

Now zJ^fazarine furnifheda Library in favour ofthe Studious with Books to be read over in many ages. One might behold fhelves raifr ed up to the to^p of the Roof, where through a luxury of literature was let up a learned Pile, not as Ornaments of a Palace, but as Inftramems of Wifdom, not ranked for a (hew, but for ufe.

In the year 1648. a Civil War in France wjis unfortunately com? aasiv;^3 and all France was fet in a combuftion. At the fame tims^

Cent. 17; Of FRANCE. 165

malignant Star did influence many Kingdoms, as England, Naples^ (^atalonia^ TntugaL

Great commotions were in Ear is, Peter Scguier Chancellour of France^ is difpatched to the Parliament, to carry them the King's Or- ders,'or in truth, to try what was thfir intention.

He was like to be torn in pieces by the Rabble, But tJPfilleray on Horfebackwith Dort, breakthrough the Seditious crew, and having refcued the Chancellour from that imminent danger , convey him back fafe to the. Queen in a Coach half-torn, the Guard being frighted, and fome of them flain. The Sedition breaks out farther^ and the mad- nefs of the people rifeth to higher exafperation.

f . Paul (jondy, defigned Archbifhop of Paris^ ( commonly ftyled Coadjutor ) in his Pontifical Robes, carrying with him a veneration as he pafled along the Streets , moderated the people with Language and gefture. Some there were that taxed Gotidy, as if in his heart he had been fomewhat favouring alterations. However the matters were in truth, that was the firft dsiyoi Gondy's withdrawing, and the caule of all thofcevils, which that Prelate eminent in Mind, Birth, and Me- rits, fell into afterwards : from this time he (hall be ever after called the Archbifhop of Corinth.

Maz.arine took care to have the King conveyed to Ruel, two miles out of XWn, under pretence of taking the Air. The Ring-leaders of the Sedition fretted, and could not digeft to have the King refcued from their fury. The firft remarkable Aft of the retirement to Rutl, was the imprifonment and banifhment oiChavigny.

Here begins a general ftorm to gather over Jl<faz.arirje. 0>le.r,u ftepsin as a Mediator between Court and Parliament. Cowifl^c returned from the Camfaigne.^ elated with his frefh Yiftory, at firft dealt rough- ly with the Senate, afterwards flattered their Leaders.- pretended at leaft to Gonftable or Admiral. Longueville inftigated his Brother-in- Law, boafting that he had obtained Havre de Grace,, the famous ftrength of Normandy, fo taking occafion to fall from his former Par- ty. The Archbifhop oiCorinth put Longneville on to fuch courfes, np» on a vain expeftation, as if he fhould be declared by an Aft of Parlia- ment Prince of the blood. Anne Bourbon-, the. Wife oi Longncvillcy was of great moment totheFaftion : fhe carried along with her the Archbifhop of Corinth, the Duke of Retz,, her Broiher Conti, with RpchfoHcault, who was then that Ladies Cabinet Counfellour. Thofe all pretended the publick and private good. . That, their Tyranny muft be abated with Arms, who had put the King upon cruel Counfels, and rendred the Princes odious to him, and fufpefted.

The Queen fees her fell ftruck at through the Gdes of- M^izarine. She compofeth her mind, rccollefting her thoughts ho v to provide for the future. Maz.art)ie applies his mind,, to an accommodation.

The

\

%66 ' '%l)t €u\ttia^Ut^WftOlf Cent. i7>'

III''---- Ml , . I

The fubftance of the Articles was, That many Taxes were to be abated in Towns and Countrey : The Provinces were to be eafcd of them by the Mailers of Requefls : no man might be kept in Prifon above the fpice of one natural day, withont anfwering to his charge in the Houfe : which was eagerly difputed and approved even by the Court Party. C^^w^w^ isj-eleafed, and turns afide toTpwrj-. Thusthe'firft heat of Paru was alTwaged. About the end of Oiloher the King re- turns 10 PaHs.

But the Faftion having got ftrength through his Ma jeftie's Clemen- cy, and the obtaining their Petitions, as being now eftablifhed by Law, maketh the former con ceflions but a ftep to higher demands. The Parliament bojled up with new defigns. The ftorm of envy dif- chargeth it k\iox\itJMaz.arine : it is openly cried out, That the Ave nutji be latd to the root -^ the Stranger muji be excelled out of the King' liam. At length the Thunder-clap broke over the head of ^<ex,<jrwf. He is Voted in a full Houfe guilty of High Treafon, and the difturber ot the publick Peace. Every Age, Condition, Sex, is commanded to affault, fliootj or ftab him : Whoever harboured him in the fame houfe with them, ftiould be guilty of the fame Crime with him. In the City came out divers libels againft Aiaz.arine.

On December 26. Monfteur du Bofquet C heretofore Lord Chief- Juftice in the Province of Languedoc^ as alfo for that oi^nienne ) had the Biflioprick of LodevA bellowed upon him by his Majefty, and was tranfmitted intoholy Orders, and after confecrated by the Arch- bilhop oi Narbouney having for his Affiftants, the Bifliops ofSez.ier's and -Alea.

Then was a Letter fent from the Court of Parliament atP^rif, toaU

Majors, Bailifs, Sheriffs, and oiher publick Officers in the Kingdom of

Trance, craving of them to aid and affift the City of Paris with fuch

Provifions whereof it might ftand in need, and with fuppliesof men

and other War-like neceflaries, to preferve the City for his Maje-

flie's fervice. They declared, that Mazarine as an utter enemy to

the Kingdom, fought by all means, yea by open violence and force of

Arms, to fupprefs the King's Authority, that of ' their Court, with

the publick liberty. And to that cffeft had caufed the City of Parii

to be inverted, and the King to be conveyed from thence at two of the

clock in the morning. Upon thenewsofthefecombuflionsin P^wat

Rome, Monfienr Maz.arine Wrote to his Son the Cardinal, telling

him of his faults, and giving his Fatherly advice.

The Court now between Paris and Roven (thetwomoft power- ful Cities of the Kingdom j was diftrefTed with the want of all things, efpecially of money, the Aids coming in but flowly from all parts. The City Militia grew every day more unwilling to fubmit to Orders : and all people were full of murmuring complaints. Thereupon the

< : ■ Arch-

Cent. 17. OfFRANCE. i(5^

Archbifhop of Corinth gets up into the Pulpit at St. Tatils, and laith • / would have had you in fafety ^ / would have h^d you. Fictoriom • and the goodne^ of the caufe had acquitted yoK^ unkji your repentance And tamenef did flead guilty. Then having inveighed much a^aind the Government and Aijz.arine, he coraeth down out of the Puipi: -. and having put ofF his Mitre and Surplice, he puctethonhis Armour. Often he-fallied out of the Town to charge the Enemy, without any re- gard CO his Funftion. Great uproars and tumults followed ^ but at St.germans the principal Lords of the King's Council did earncftly treat of Peace with the Parliaments Commillioners, M.iz.4rine being excluded, as already pre-coiidemned by-publick Afts, fome Courtiers driving th.it way, that they might engrofs to themfelves the honour of having procured the quiet of the State. The Queen oppofed it ftrongly, and. at length when he was taken in M.trch~ji. 1649. the Articles were agreed to the great joy of the Common people. That an ASl of Oblivion for fuji mifc^rriages be made. That all things be refloredtc their former effate. That the K.ing be brought home attain, to Paris. Tax.es tobe dimini^nd. <iyi Treaty of 7^eace with the Sp^L- mird confented to : and fome Worjlnffid Member of the Houfe for Age and Experience, he joyned in the tranfail: ion, to fee it concluded no- on good and firm terms.

The Sedition at Paris ^k fcarce quiet, but the Faftion works in new Plots. There is a Rifing in Provence, andefpecully mGuienne againft their Governours, which Conde underhand abetteth. Conde, Conti, ini LongHeville, are imprifoned. Thrice they alter their Pri- fon in thirteen months. Various tranfaftions paiTedinthe meantime in Normatidy, Burgundy, and Guienne. Great conteffs there were either about releafing or detaining the Prifoners. . The Cardinal and the Slingers fell at odds, foas to betray one another, and treat with the Prifoners about Marriages, and in a manner Iharing the whole Kingdom. At length a Peace is concluded and ptiblilhedon^^.ir;//? z. 1650. and all things are fetled inGuienne. The King enters the Ci- ty of Boiirdi-aiix with a Guard of four thoufand. choice men.. The Cardinal had Lodgings with the King in the Archbi/hop's Palace. Efpernon the caufe of the Infurreftion, was excluded, who mighc by his fingle vertue purchafe a Government.. The Life-Guards weredif- mififed, and the King trufled himfelf to the Guard of his Subjffts. Which took much with their Ambitious temper. The Court parted from thence. The King ftaved tit Fount ainblca»^ alJ being in anup-- roar in Paris 5 at his iuccefs in Cntenne , the Fa(ftion. were cn-^ raged.

On November 15; 1650. Conde, Conti, and Longueville, were:- conveyed in eleven daies journey through the mid.l of Normandy, to - Havre de Grace, where they were kept Ln clofe ciiftody. HmcoMrt--

fecuredl.

i68 %i)t€ttuRa^ial^if^oi^ c^rit. i%

"" 'ft cured the conveyance with four hundred Horfe, and the like number of Foot,

On February 6. 1651. in a dark night the Cardinal /w(^^««V^,!ii a difguifed habit guarded by about 200.' Horfe, riding hunfelf on horfeback, retired 10 St. Germans, Harcourt beating ttie way. He purfues his journey through the midft of Normandy to Havre de Grace with a pompous train , gazed at by all the people as he paffed along. M<iz.arine having difpofcd his Cavalry into the neighbouring Villages, enters mO'Havre de Grace with his retinue of menial fcr- vants. He-^ots into the Caftle alone with only ttvo others', he deli- vers the Queens Letters to the Governour for the releafing of the Princes, -v/hich was done accordingly. LonguevUle went out firft, then Conti, and both of them leaped into Grammont's Coach. Conde ftaid^ little while after with the Cardinal in the Prifon Chamber, where they had Conference together.

the enlarged Princes return to P<?w, where theSouldiery atthe fight of Co»^e weep for joy. Great was the concourfe of the City, and fo great was the joy, as though the Pillars were reftored to the •Kingdom.

■^a^aaarifie withdraws from France^ and comes in fafety to Brovel, the Palace of the Eledor of Cologn. Thence he writes to the Queen, and the Count de Brienne, his Majeftie's Secretary. This Letter be- iag read with an audible voice in the Privy Council, brought fome to relent, but exafperated more. Maz.ar'me is Voted in a full houfe guil- ty of High Treafon, thedifturber of the pubhck peace, and enemy of France. Strid: prohibitions are made, that no French man fliould hold correfpendence with him, impofing a fevere penalty on all that fhould prefume to tranfgrefs.

Maz.arim was in ill condition, againft whofe return were ftrift Or- dinances, to which the Queen Regent gave her aflent : nay by Aft of Parliament, not 6nly foreign but home-born Cardinals and Ecclefi- afticks, in what degree foever dignified, are rendrcd uncapable of be- ing admitted Members of the King's Council. No man can pay a di- vided Allegiance to his natural Sovereign, and the Bifhopof ^owr. For Cardinals, if the account be rightly caft up, are but Curates in Purple. They fliould attend the Confiftories, and over-fee their Fleck, the charge whereof cannot be negleded without the hazard of fouls. Corinth drew againft the Bill, that only foreigners fhould be exclude4 from the Government, left his expefted Hat not being lined with that Miniftry to which he afpired, might be deprefled by his meaner concemplitions.

Ohi'.ffon; Archbifliop of rt^er^/ow, in behalf of the Clergy made an eloquent Oration for the priviledges of the Church, but without fuc- cefs. Yet the reputation of Obn]fm grew by this means higher, and

paved

C ent. 17^ tif FRANCE. i<$p

paved him a path to future preferments. The main fcope of his Ora- tion lay in amplifying the obligations that Cardinals had laid upon France^ whofe good fervices were confpicuous all over the WorW. - The Parliament anfwered, that the fame Cardinals were infatiable in Ambition and Covetoufnefs. This ( faid they ) is incident to Ecclefi- aftical dignities, a flighting of heavenly matters, and an affedation of domineering on earth, and eminency over great Princes, in all which they write after the Copy, and come as near as they can to the Roman Court, overcoming all the world in pride. They added, that they turn the greatnefs they have received againft their very benefadors, and aim at nothing lefs by their Canonifts and Emiflaries, than the total luppreflion of the Secular power. That if their immoderate advance proceed, the Authority of Church-men will become Emprefs of the world, and the Secular power muft be its Lacquey, which is fcandalous. The Queen tolerated thefe and fuch like diforders, and others che- rifhed them. The Parliament condemned them as prejudicial to their Authority. The Princes could not well digeft the hardinefs of the Parliament of Tarts. The Council of the Nobles flighted both Court and Parliament, and joyned with the Clergy. CoWe removes divers .. Minifters of State. He takes the Government of Guienne, rejcdinghis prcfent one of Burgundy. He withdraws from Court. The Civil commotions break out afirefli, and a third 5ff«r^f<?«xw^r arifcth. Now Maz.arine is revoked upon this ground, to fuccour the King, who was again diflrefled by the fadion.

The day of the Kings Majority approached ; The King with the Queen Regent came into the Parliament on September y. 1651. with a folcmn pomp. The Queen having made a (hort recital of her Regency, delivereth up her Government to her Son.

Thefirft Adion of the new King was to fall on Conde's Forces at Marie, Cuife and Vervain. They were partly routed, and fome flain ; part under the command of Tavafi recovered Stenay. From thence was the rife of the Civil War.

Then did CpnKffccorapafs that Hat fo often promifed, and fo ofcen put by; which Pope /»»<?««< granted, not fo much for gratifying the King, as the edipfing Maz.arint, by fetting up an equal to him in dig- nity. No longer is he caXit^Corimhyhni de Rhetz. (hall he be hereaf- ter called.

The King leaving St. Germans, goes and falls upon Conde's Forces at £ftamfes. They having barricadoed up the place, make a ftout de- fence, and elude the affaults of Thurenne, who upon the approach of the Lorraineris forced to draw off, and convey the King to Corbcil. The Armies meet, and fight from five in the morning till five in the evening with great fury. There were flain on both fides men of quality, befides jHi innumerable company of common fouldicrs. The port of S. Anthony

Yyy being

I/O %^t ccclefiaEica! ^iflozp cent. 17-

being clear, ^Wf with his mangled Retinue comes into the City. Conde draws off into Flanders. And Maz.arine counterfeits a depar- tJVe into Sfain, to divert the blame of the troubles upon Conde alone ; The fadtion declines : The King returneth to PAris. Orleans with- . draweth without waiting on the King.

De Rheiz,is imprifoned ityincenfies. He was brought to Nanteij, and he efcapestrom thence, and afterwards affifted at Rome at the ele- dion of Pope Alexander VII. Then returning to France^ he volunta- rily laid down the Arch-bifhoprick of Paris to gratifie the King ; he lives quietly, in fplendour fuitable to his difpofition.

Maz^ctrin after his return purfues nothing fo eagerly as the peace/etleth France., makes a peace with Cromwel, and reduceth his enemies to ex- tremities. 1656. Complaint was made unto the King againft the Proteftants of the Ci-

ty of MontaHban, accufing them for beating a Prieft, and making a tumult, to the breach of the Kings peace. The King upon the com- plaint of the Clergy appointed Monfieur Melianva^L^etoi Re^Hefisjhy Ipecial Gommiffion togo andnaake enquiry at Montanbanj touching the truth of what paffed there between the Proteftants and the Catholicks, Whereof the Deputy of the Proteflams refiding at P^^irk being inform- ed, he addreiled himfelf to Monfieur Mclian, and gave him an account of all paiTages according to the teftimonies and depofitions that had been, already taken about the bufinefs :. as how that they were moft of them Fapifts that were in the Tumult at the death of the Woman. And in cafe this were not true, then he deijred himfelf might fuffer the fame paniftment that the< fenders do defcrve* In the mean time he prayed the faid Cororaiffioner, thatthe Proteftants might hav-e a full and fair kearing from him, when he fliould arrive at Montauhan^

In Augufl 1656. the Aflembly of the Clergy fitting in Paru,i\\fy re- fol ved that the Deputies of the Province of Paris fhould go to Court, to Keprefent to his Ma jefty the ftate of the Church of Paris.,Si the great need chat there was of his countenance and direftion to put aU things in order..

The Deputies of the faid AlTembly having conferred with the Chan- cellour, and the other Minifters of State there refiding, could not then come to any conclufion upon thofe pretcnfions which the Clergy allcdged againft thofe of the Reformed Religion. And therefore the Arch- feilhop of Se»/, the Bifhop of Montfeliev, and two Abbots, fpent fome time at Court to= follicite the King to put forth iomt Decla- Estion in favour of the Clergy' and Catholick Religion. Madam,. the Dutchefs of Orleans arrived at fhartres to perform a Vow which flie had made, which was, that once *very year (he would vifit the; Church o£ Chartres., there to make her devotion.

On -Sugiifi % the Deputies of the Affembly of the Clergy went witfth s&fiChaiKielliouKjtiO-eoDlideiofi t&e differences and: «5uaErels wJiich: they

Ibad

Cent. 17. of FRANCE. 171

had againfl: thofe of the Reformed Religion, the King having deputed the Chanccllour to joyn with them in the examination of that bufinefs.

In the fame month the Bifhop of Qiartres died at Paris. He had been Confeflbur to Cardinal Richliett.

It was then affirmed by letters from Taris, that the King bad con- fented to a declaration drawn up in favour of the Clergy and Catho- licks, to be prefented to the Parliament for their verification, revoking his declaration of the year 1652. which was made in favour of the Proteftants.

The Abbot of MaroUes was apprehended, and fent prifoner to the "Bajiilk for words fpokenagainft Cardinal Maz^arint.

Chriftiana, late Queen of Svteden having renounced the Proteftant Religion, and revolted to the Catholick Religion, came into France^ And on September ^. 1656. lodged 2X Pontainbleau ^ where ftie was complemented with an Oration by the Sieur Hamhrocm-, the Kings Pro- feFour extraordinary for the Hebrew, Syriack, and Arabick Tongues, he being prefented to her by the Duke of Gmfe, On the fixth fliewas at the HoufeofMonfieur /^fj!/f/««, who entertained her with all manner of divertifements imhat moft delicious place. On the feventh fhe was at Conflans in the houfe of the Duke of Richlien ; where fhe was like- wife very nobly treated by the Duke and Duchefs, who at night gave her a Comedy. On the eighth The made her entrance into Parti on Horfeback, pafling through ten thoufand Citizens who ftood in Armes to receive her. Before her went an hundred Switzers of the Kings Guard, with drums beating. At the Gate of S. Arithony Hie had a fpeephmade her by \.ht Sieur de Seve^^iovo^ of Merchants, in head of all the companies of the City. Then fhe m'lfched on ( with a Ca- nopy carried over her, the great Guns being difchargtd, and the Streets all adorned with rich hangings ) towards the Church of iVfi/?/-?-^).^^^, At the entrance whereof fhe was entertained with an Oration by the Dean, all the Clergy giving attendance, and then paffing to the Quire, they fang T« Df«w with admirable mufick : after which fhe was raofl magnificently conduftedto the Louvre.

The Archbifhopof Roven having mofl unjuftly profecuted an Advo- cate of that Parliament, called Monfieur<i/fC(ii^//.zyiaf, a ProfefTdur of the Reformed Religion, for writing a Book by order and wiih approbati- on of the Synod of Normandy^ in anfwer to a book full of calumnia- tions and falfiiies, written by a Phyfician of that place, who from a Proteftant had a link before turned Pjpift : And the faid Archbifhop by his violent perfecution having obliged the faid Cognard to leave this City : by a juft judgement of God, who ufeih ordinarily to puni(h men in the very things wherein they have finned, He the ifaid Arch- bifhop fell into the fame pit which he had digged for another, having at ^oven publiflied a m^fl dangerous Pamphlet, con.aining this feditious

Y y y z doftrine.

171 %^t ecCleftatttcal !^tftO?P Cent. 17.

doftrine. That it is lawful to fall on the Hereticks ; and granting ei- ther by his Archiepifcopal authority or otherwife, an Indulgence or Par- don of an hundred years to any one that (hould fall on any pretended Heretick. This curfed dodrine coming to the knowledge of the French Court; andthe dangerous confequences of it having been there ferioufly weighed, the King fent order to the Duke of LonguevilUy Governour of that Province, to apprehend the faid Archbilhop : but he timely hearing of it, ran away, and abfented himfelf from thence.

An Englifh man was imprifoned at £o«rif<j;<.v, having been taken as he was endeavouring to feduce divers perfons to turn to the Scd: and Opinions of the $luakers, a thing not heard of in France before that time.

Great talk was in Taris of a Miracle, which ( they fay ) hapned in the Monaftery of Port- royal in that City, upon one that was a Penfio- ner belonging to that Monaftery, who was faid to have been cured of a Fiftula in the eye, called jFi/?/</^ /^cfcr)/w^/^, by the touch of one of the thorns, which the Priefts fay was taKen out of the Crown of our blefled Saviour: But how it came into France I cannot tell you. And albeit in this prying age the Church of Rome hath not been very forward to broach any new miracles, efpecially on this fide the Alpes, yet this hath been much cried up. The Grand Vicar of the Arch-bifhoprick of Paris was the firfi: that was Patron of it, and afterward it was ap- proved by the Curat of S. Severin the prefent grand Vicar, affifted ihcrein by five Doflors of the Sorbon^ and a publick mafs and thankf- giving was celebrated for it. Hereupon many were drawn to the faid Monaftery to be cured by the holy Thorn.

The Affembly of the Clergy lay fo heavy with their importunities - upon the King, that it was yielded at length, that a Declaration fhould be iffued forth contrary to the fence of former Declarations, which were made in favour of the Proteftants. Hereupon the Parliament of Tholoufe proceeded fo far, as to ratifie the faid Declaration againft the Proteftants of France, and ordered that two Counfellours fhould go in- to upper and lower Lmguedoc, to put it in Execution ; and to caufe fucb Churches to bedemoliihed as had been built fince the Wars.

Soon after theBifhopof Soijfons died, a Prelate of much reputati- on, who hadferved KlngHenry IV. in the quality of Almoner. He was promoted to the faid Bifhoprick in the year 1623. He had the - honour to confecratc the prefent King at his Coronation.

Since the -Declaration foremcntioned, another Declaration of the- French King was publifhed at Paris in behalf of the Proteftants, inti- snatingthat the.Edift of Nantes (hould be pundiually obferved : and' that twoCommiffionerSjOneProteftant, one Papift, fhould repair to the places where any innovationsj or contraventions had been made, ta seform the fame.

Some

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. 175

Some Bifliops of the AlTembly of the Clergy, viz.. t\\Qkoi ^Mon- taitban and ttAlhy., reprefented to the faid Affembly, that the anfwer made in the behalf of the Proteftantsto the late fpeech of the Archbi- fliop oiSens^ ought to be burnt, as a Book pernicious and injurious to the King, as they reported ; and other Bifliops affirming the contrary, for the proving of the truth, the fame anfwer was read in their Aflem- bly by the Secretary from one end to the other : and upon reading of ic the Affembly concluded, thit there was no juft ground therein to com- . plain of it to the King ^ and fo the faid Affembly diffolved without pro- fecyting the bufinefs any farther at that time.

Not long after, a certain Popifh Prieft difcourfing one day with i Fre-fich Proteftant, with defign to draw him over to the Church of Home ; he thought he had brought him into a very hopeful way, when the Proteftant had told him, that all the Proteftants in praf7ce would fubmit thcmfelves to the Pope, if the Pope would fubmit himfelf to the Councils: to whom the Prieft replyed, ic will be neceffary then that a Council be called , and fuch rules eftablifhed by common confent , as (hall be thought neceffary for the Government of the Church. To which the Proteftant replyed a little fiercely, How w t lithe Pope obferve the Decrees of a Council, that cannot be keft from violating the Pre- cepts of the Gofpel ? but if yon will tinderta!\e to bring the Pope to a fnb~ mijfion to them, I do not question to convert all of my Religion to the Pope : for to tell yoH the truth Sir, J hold one asfeafble as the others

After the taking of D/<»I^Vj^by ihe EngUpi ind French, and put in-- to the hands of the £;?f ///??, (}equi is fentEmbaffador to O. Cruwnrf/, wkhtJifaz.arine'sNephtwin his pompous train : Cromvp el died not long after.

Divers places in Flanders were furrendered to the French : but amidft thefe profperous fucceffes th^Frcnch King falls into a Fever at Calais, judged to be mortal. Supplications were made for him at all Altars, and prayers for his recovery were publickly enjoyned- liJffa- zarine day and night fate by his bed fide, to make him governable in taking Phyfick, which he would tafte himfelf, eicher to take off the un-- pleafantnefs, or to make proof of it. The eleventh day accounted Cri- tical, the King feemed at the point of death, could fcarcely lift up his; eyes, that now appeared almoft fet in his head. His Majefty having Antimony with judgement given him by Geunault, recovered ; and be- ing conveyed to P«im, pay'd his Vows in No/lre-Dame Church, An heart of maffy Gold was hung upon the wall as an oblation : afterwards to confirm his health, he removed to Bontainbleatt,. Attz.arifu ftayed fomctime behind to advance the fiege of (graveling. The taking of Graveling was the laft Monument of the French glory before the eonclu- fion of the peace.

At twenty four Seflions the bufinefs of the peace between France and? Sfmn was compUatcd, and zikng^h on November j.. i659».the Articles.

agrtcdJ

174 Xlje eCtkMmtalM^Qt^ Cem. 17.

agreed on by the two Minifters, were figned, and publifhed.

The Cardinal at Tholoufe rendered the King and Queen an account of the peace concluded, whereat they received much fatisfaftion.

From hifnce the Court made a Progrefs into Provence ( till the King of Spain fliouldcome wi;h his daughter, who was to be married to the French King ) to compofe the diforders at M^rfei/ks, which had broken out about the Priviledgesof their Confuls.

GaftonDakt oi Orleans, born of Henry IV. and M^ry iJ^edices^ only Brother of King LejvMXIlI. having laid down the Civil Arms, would pafs off the difcontents that were rifen in his mind for the ill fuccefs of hisdefign, by retiring to 5/0//. On a fudden he turns Anti- quary and Htrbalift ^ he delighted in Dogs and hunting, and ranging the Woods. He heareihMafles frequently, fets all the City of S/o^i into a Religious humour : openly profefTcth himfelf a devout Votary. Among thefe and the like courfes he fell fick, and having Antimony un- duly adminiftred, within a Week dieth of a Lethargy. The Corpfe of Gaftoii is dcpoficed at S^ Denis among the Tombs of his Anceflors with a private burial.

The Kings of 5^,«i» and France meet^ and the French King is married to Marialerefa, daughter to the King of 5/?4/;7. The Gofpels were laid on Stands on both fiJes with a Crucifix. The Kings kneeling fwore upon them, that they would religioufly obferve the Articles of the peace concluded, which were at the fame moment read by the Se- cretaries,

Thefe Kings having left the Ifland where they met, they were thus parted, never more to return to the fight of one anoiher. At S'. John deLuz., next day a folemn Wedding was kept with unufual fplendor. Then without any fl:ay, that barren coaft and unhofpitable quarters are abandoned. The King and Queen ftay a while at FontainbleaUy there- by giving the Tarijians refpite to provide for the pompous folemnity. The King with the Qncen Conforc haftens his entry into Taru.

' The entry was next to a triumph. In a Domo fet up in the Suburb of S'. Anthony, both their Majefties were congratulated by the feveral Or- ders coming forth decently marlLatled. Firfl came the Ecclefiafticks carrying Images with them, and Antique Gods of rude workmanfhip. The Tradefmen followed in the'r feverai Companies. Then proceeded the Magiftrates • and afterwards the Parliament in their Robes. Next theChancellor laid over with Gold, the Mailers of the Requefts guard- ing the Royal Seal, charged upon an Horfe laden with trapping?. The Soldiers and the Heralds in rich Coats. All had fpotted Plumes in their Kats. The Captains marched in the Head of their Companies with the Enfigns. All forts of riches are difphyed, and the ornaments of the City are brought forth to grace the publick joy. A Coach embellifhcd with all the badges of Majefty is brought to the Queen-, flie is fet in it alone. The King would not go in a Coach, but mounted on a gallant

Steed,

Cent, xy. oF FP.ANCE. 175

Steed, rode before. The Princes on Horfeback followed imnnediactly after. In the way all along as they came were Quires of excellent Mu- fitians, refounding cheerful Airs in Conforts of Inftrumemal and Vocal Melody. The new married Couple came amidft this Pomp to the Ci- ty-Gate. At the entrance was fet up aloft an Image of Peace, holding forth divers Verfes in its right hand. They proceeded frona the Pore through the High-Streets of the City unto the Louver even tired with joy.

Scarce were fix months expired afcer the Eniry of the King, when Maz-nrine was taken defperately with all the fymptoms of extreameft pain. His Liver and Lungs diftempered, caui'ed a general feeblenefs in all his liiTibs. The Phyfitians difcovering there was no hope of his re- covery, he retireth to Vincennes^ there to dye. The King commanded hefliouldbe left to his reft, and difturbed with no bufinefs. He is reported to havefuggefted many things of the various Schemes of Po- licy to the King, who commonly fate by his bed fide. Many fecrets he iiiftilled into the King, and wifely admonifhed him, That himfelf would undertake the Government of his State,and not create a publick jealoufie by ill-chofen Favouri.tes. That he fhould have the fame Genius, and the fame Divine affiftance of his counfel, as be had to obtain his Vifto- rjes. As they were thus difcourfing together, many times he fainted away: All hope being paft, the King departed. J"he fame fetled look which the Cardinal had when he W9,s well, accompanyed him at his departure.

He adopted Dh Tort, the only Son of Mcilleray into the Priviledges of his blood, to whom he gave his Niece in marriage, and conveyed to him his Name and Arms, being for his merits taken into equal dearnefs, as if he had been his own Son. He advanced his Nephew Mancini m Lordfhips, Riches and Governments. Thefe were to fhare equally. Of his Attendants and Menial Servants , fcarce was any left without a Legacy.

He ordered the building of a Colledge for the training up the youth' of the gained Provinces, to have this yWofra, AiJMonHment of the Em- pre enlarged.

He particularly recommended "joh^i Baptifia Colbert, whom he loved for his many good quahties, unto the King,, Having a vaft quantity of jewels, he diftributed them among divers perfons. To the Prince of Conde, in teftimony of injuries forgotten, he gave a Diamond of no* ,inean price. To the King he left eighteen that were inefiimablc, ftylcd jtJMax.<irincs, to propagate his Name and Renown; to pofterity. He dyed on /W/jrcfo 1 5 . in the year of bis life 59. of his power 1 8.

He was obfervanrof theiJew?/?; Religion, as to the Externals of it^ Being near his end, he folemnly received the Euchariif, and with ade^ vout Litany receivcdExtreamUnftion: and further requeikdjthatMalTes might be £iid for him* Alt was diligently performed inthe Ttrnglcs,. and

the

17 6 %|)e ccclefiadt'cal ^lUoiv cent. 17.

the Hoafl: expofed upon the Altars. Supplications were made before all the Saints. Zealous he was for the See of Rome beyond meafure ; arid at his earnefl: rcqueft, the Pope^s Nuntio bleft him.

After the death oi Muz-arine, the King's Cabinet Counlellers were MichaelTellier, Hugh Lyonne^ both Secretaries of State, and JohnBa- f lift a Colbert, Lord Treafurer, men of great fame and venue.

Ac the end of the month ofjnly i66 1 . Nicholas Fouquet was arrett- ed as he returned from the Kings Council. He was carried into the Caftle oiiy^ngers, from thence to riwe«ffcx, and at laft to the 'Bafttle. His penalty at laft was banifhment.

The French and Spaniard having fent their Minifters into England, there arofe a contention in London between Efirade the French , and 'BatteviHe the Spanijb AmbafTador, whofc Coach fhould take place in the proceeding. BattevUle with his company falls violently upon the Attendants of Sftrade, and wounds his Coachman and Horfes, and fome of his Servants. The French King difchargeth his indignation upon Tatteville, and baniflieth Count Fuelfaldagne from the Verge of the Court, not refpeding his integrity, and that he had been Conduftor of the Queen, who was the Pledge of Peace. He alfo Atn^tdCaracene ( that was difcharged of the Government of the Ljw f'ountreys ) a paf- fage through France ^ moreover he orders the Archbifhop olTverdon (who was then at 2iia,drid upon the Kings account ) not only to de- mand ofKiagPhilip himfelf, that Battevt7le m\g\\i be punifhed accor- ding to the hainoufnefs of the offence : but to cut off all contention about precedency for the future, that the Spanijli Renunciation of all Priority might be eftablifhed by a publick Aft.

The Marquefs Fitentes is now fent toParis with a great Train. The King caufeth the Popes Nuntio, the Ambafladors oi Venice, Sweden, Sa- voy, the Vnited Province tf and all Forreign Minifters, to beprefent; as alfo the Peers of the Realm, the Chancellor, and four Secretaries, to regifter it. In this concourfe Fuentes thus fpake to the King. There being nothing more upon the King my iJ^afiers heart, than Re- iigioufty to obfervetheLarvsofConfanguinity, He hath fent me hither rvith a charge to confirm them, which at his Perfonal prefence he efta- hlipjedrvith his Royal month. His Perfon I fitftain this day, not re- prefenting a King, that knows not to yield, but a Father, whofe fpirit only nature works to a complyance. He hath thought fit voluntarily to quit to you thofe Tranfitory honours which he hath enjoyed fo long, fince portly death is liks to put x period to them : Thefe Gallantries may become your zAge. Such youthful Ambition an old man, and your Father-in-law envies noto The IJixAon outrage hath funk, deeper into his, than your heart. He could not more ejfeBually redrefs it, than by punishing the Author. The revocation of Batteville, is a publick^ declaration of infliUing punishment on him. But what could have been added more 49 thiSf than to layftri^ injunciions, that his Embajfadon

for

CenM7. of FRANCE. 177

for the future, do tiot contend Vfith yours about precedency ? This is the Bccafon of the Smbaffie, which I the rather prform, becaufe the Peace lately concluded, is hereby confirmed. May it fiand in full force f » all fenerations.

The King receiving fatisfaftion m his due honour, gave him a noC: when he had concluded his fpeech. He advifed the Embafladors to be mindful of what had pafled, and to report to their refpedive Princes what they had feen and heard.

Now Dunkirk, by contrad is delivered up by ih^Englifl) into the hands of the French.

A Book had been publiflied, entituled, The Journal of Monjieur de St. jimoiir,'D.oiSorbonne,comiimng3i{ul[ account of all theTranfadions both in France and at Kome, concerning the five famous Propofitions contro- verted between the Janjenifis and the Molinifis, from the year 1646. till 1653. and an addition was made to this Journal in the year 1662. The fame year the King by Proclamation commanded the Tenets of the . Janfenifti condemned by ?o^t Innocent X. and AlexandcrVW. to hi Fy.mc.Mhki abolifhed. The /^»yf«//?j received their denomination from Corzrc/m ^^s employed y,«»/f« Bifhop oiTfreSjViho about the fortieth year of his Age put out I'jJx^n'the; a Book about Grace and Free-will. buiinefsottiie

About this time an affront is offered unto Crequi the French EmbafTi- KanfatteTib dor 2X Rome. ThtCorfi fthe Soldiers that are thePopes Guard) up- ^'^i'''''f'^<:^ on pr«tence-of fome trivial quarrel with ^f^«*'s Pages, flioot Piftolls a ofrTi"n.-H'ii tb in at his windows, fet upon his Wives Coach as fhe is coming home, v-^'' "^ov and offer all forts of injuries, trampling upon the Sacrednefs of theEmbafly. C?-(rg'«» depaiceth from i?»»?e unfatisfied, and the Corft triumph.

Hereupon the King his Mafter applyeth himfelf to the ColleJge of Cardinals for redrefs , and his Letter was exadly as followtth.

Coufin,

THe affanh that Vfas made the twentieth currant upon the perfon of my Coufm the Duks o/Crequi, my Smbttffador Extraordinary, hu Lady, and all the French 'the Corli of Rome could meet with m the Streets that day, is an etiorrrity fo great in all its circurnfiar/ces, that ■perhaps in no time nor place, even among the Barbarians thtrr.fhes^ can an tn fiance be found, in which the jus Gentium hath been, with fa much inhumanity violated and abitfed. And forafmuch as your Emi- vence is a member of that facrcd body, that is, the natural Coiaui I of the Popes, J have charged Monfignor Burlemont, Auditor of the Rcia, to wait upon you in this conjuncture , and acquaint you with n>y rifcnt- mcnt of fo great an ojfence, to the end, that by youri/iterpnfitioni whuh J doubt not but you will willingly undertake as farasyoitfiall be a'ole ) /

Z ZZ may

kfe

)

may receive a fatisfaEiion Adaqucite to the quality and extravagance of the ejfront,- But if your Eminences good offices flmidd happen to be in- effeUiialy theyJJjallnot be imputed ts ms ( after this application ) what- foever mifchiefs or calamities pall happen , affiiring my felf I Jhall be excitfahlehotk toGodj c.ndtoman^ whatever the confequetices be. And thus referring the; refl to vphat Monfignor Burlemont veill preffnt to yoit ■ iy word of mouthy Ibefeech Cod, my good Confn^ to preferve yon »'«>. -his holy favour.

S^ Germans en ley, Auguft. 20. 1662=

LEWIS,

De Ljoqiinje.

This Letter was read, and deliberated in the Sacred Colledge, and the: Cardinals anfwer to the Kings Letter was as followetbj

Moft Chriftian and moft Royal Sir,

IAr/} V(ry fenjible of the tranfcendent favour your Jidajefiy hath done me , in vouchfafng to impart to me your refentment for the _ unhappy accident between the Corles and certain of the Duke of Cie- quiV train • bejides the honour you have done me by the benign confix, dence exprejfed in your Letter, andhy the »3o«f^tf/ Monfignor Burle- mont, your Jiia'efly alfo hath given, me occafion with all reverence to reprefent the great difpleafure conceived by our whole Court, but more efpeciaHy his HoUnefs^ in whofe heart there is already fo great an im- predion of efleem, and fo tender an affe^ion for your Majefiy, prct- - diiced and augmented, by fo many glorious attisns, fo tr.any perpetual te- fiimonies of your valour and piety , iri dernoliJJiing the Garrifons of - Heretick^, andjlnttting their Churches in places under their Command, So that his Holinefs could not evidence with more paternal demonfira- tiony the difguji that aBion hath given yon, which he hath not only de- . dared publickjy in his Briefs upon that occapon, but in the Confifiory aU fo, and in his private difcoiirfe, but much more in his aHions, bending all his thoughts to your Majefiies fatisfaclion, as he hath alrvayes dc' Jigned. I hope therefore your M'ajefy, with your wonted generojity will r/efleCi upon, the juji ?notives, and remain fatisfed even for the entire quiet- and confolation of your fervants, among wh'ich I being not infer i- . our to any in point of obfervance, neither have failed, nor will fail in my obedience to your Majefly, nor in employing my fclf te the utmojief my abilities in your Ma'^e flies fervice^ On the other fide Uktwife. /•■ fiaU rejoyce , {f in your Maje flies Refolutions, your Majeflies Royal Bounty and Prudence doth more and more appear : So that to make me

ferfeaiy-.

Cent. 17, Of FRANCE. 179

ferfeCily happy, there remain} nothing but your Mi^jeftiesfre^ commands^ which I mo fi ebfeqmoujly do beg of your Majefiy^ and mak$ my moji hnmble obeifance,

Rome, 24.. Septembo 1662.

The Count de Brienne was fent by the King o^ France to the Popes Nuntio at the French Court, to Command him to leave Varis, and to retire to MeauXf and not to ftir from thence till further Order from his Majefiy., pretending it as an expedient to fccure his perfon againft fome fuch tumult as hapned in Rome.

Piccolomini teplkd with all poffiblerefpeft, that he would obey his Majefties Order, but he defired firft to be heard, and went therefore that very night to Court. But being heard by no body but Monjieur Lyon, he declared the fentiments of the Pope, the order he had ta- ken for the punifhment of the ofFendours, the deraonftrations of kind- nefs the Pope had made to the Ambafladour, endeavouring with all the Art of Rhetorick to clear the bufinefs, and by contrary Relations to what came before, to let him underftand he could not receive a relega- tion. The nest morning the Nuntio retired to St. Germans, and Airred not out of the Caftle, that he might not fcemto difobey the Orders of the King. Monjieur Tdlier came to fpeak with him by his Maje- fties permiflioiu But being ftifF and inflexible to the requefts of the Nuntio, who by all his fubraiffions, by laying before him the reflcftion the ill ufageof his perfon would have upon the Church, not being able to prevail for the protradiion of his departure, as foon ashewas return- ed to hishoufe, he wrote this Letter to him.

Moft excellent Sir,

ICan by no means admit that the Kings relegation of me is afavo'tr. Ifitbefaid, that 'tis in order to my fecurity, how great a reflection will it have Hpon the Grandeur of his Majefly, when it is reported that an innocent perfon, and his Holinef Nuntio could not be fafe in Pa- ris f" Let it be Lawful therefore for me with all due revererce and fubmifflon to Jay, that indeed it is at the Kings plea fare to retain or command me whither he pleafeth. But it -is not in my power toconfctie without particular (/)mmijJlon from his Holinef, or at Icafl an apparent nece[fity for me to do it. His Majefly cannot afcribe it to any want of profound obedience in me, which for my part Iji/all alwaies fluw with the greatefi demonftration of humility and fervice I am able ,• and

Zz.!L2 there-

,8o ^fte €cclefiamcan^tfto?p cent. 17-

therefore I conceive he cannot in jujlice imfofe any penalty upon a Nfintio,for fo contingent an accident-, ejpecially his Holme f having Al- ready declared his refolution to chafiife the o^endoiers, and begun to execute that refolution, I hope your excellence rvitl have fe much compujfion , as in thii cafe to endeavour the prote^sn of.,

Yours, e^c.

The Nuntio par fifted , that there ought to be an apparent and pre* cife necefficy for his departure, and accordingly he received letters icovCLAdiyaJienr de Lion wlih reiterated orders from his Majefty, for bis removal to Meaiix : fo that all the Interceffion of foreign Minifters, who.endeavoured to mitigate the bufinefs, being in vain, by their ad- vice he went out of Tar is, but went f infbead of y^ff^«Ar ) to Saint Denttii, that he_ might not feem to confenttohis difmiffion : and by the mediation, of the Minifters about the King, and the interpofiti- on of foreign reprefentatives. he abtain'd, that his refolution was allowed at Court without further irritation to his Majefty.

On. September 7. the Nuntio found himfelf befet by a party of forty Souldiers on horfe-back, drawn by ord^r our of hk Majeflie's Mufquetoons, who guarded ail the paflages into the Covent of the Dominicans., where he Lodged, and accompanied the Nuntio and aU his fervants whenever they went forth. H€ complained to the. Court of this Aftion •, but he was anfweredj that they knew nothing of it.. The Nuntio difTembling the bufinefs, pretended to take no notice of it, but gave Order, that the Souldiers as ftrangers (hould be invited to dinner, and to what civilities the Houfe could afford. But they refbfed the in- vitation with reciprocal civility..

The' fame night there arrived a Courrier to the Nuntio from^we with the Popeo firft Breve written to the King, with more diftinft in,, formation of what waspaftagainft the Delinquents thereby the Popes Orders, as the price that was fet upon their Heads, the deputation of two Congregations, the vific Cardinal Chigi made to the Duke oiCre- qui., and a long Letter of narration to Monfiear de Lion.

The next morning the Nuntio difpatchedit to Monfienr Lion.,W\ih^z Billet of his own, defiring him to prefent this Breve to his Majefty, . to give him an account of the reft, and co prevail that the Nuntio might be admitted to fpeak with him himfelf, Aionfieur de Lion re- ceiving the Billet, carried both the one and the other to his Majefty, espefting- what he would command. After he had read the Breve to his Majefty, he return'd him this anfwer, That he fhould read, the leftofthe difpatch.tha.t day to the King. And accordingly heappoiat-

ed

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. i8i

ed a Conference with the Nuntio at Turenhe, whither the Nuncio pai- fed the fame night attended with forty Mufquetiers.

The Conference was long, the Nuntio laying before him, what ■ upon the foundation of truth,reafonand the paternal inclination of hisHo- linefSjWas liketo appeafehisMajefly.TheSieuryf Lion allured the Nun- tio, that the King at the reading of the Breve, expreffed much fatisfa- diion, to fee his Holinefs fo well difpofed to an Accommodation ^ and, at laft it was concluded, that on Sunday i o. of 'December, he fhould have an anfwer. The Nuntio had intelligence that the Breve being read in Council they began to beappeafed.

But at the fame time a Gentleman arriving from the Duke o'lCrcqui, with advice that he was Commanded out of the Popes Territories, incenfedhis Majefty fomuch. That as foonas he was gone out of the Council, Orders wer^ difpacched immediately to the Nuncio to depart that Kingdom the next day. And albeit he fent another Breve from the Pope, and an anfwer to i^e Z</ff«fromhimfelf, there was no further Treaty to be had.

The Letters from the Nuntio to Lion and Tcllier^ were not open- ed at all. The Nuncio deparced under the Conduft of fifty Mufque- tiers on Horfe-back, twenty five before his Coach, and as many be- hind, not fufFering him co difcourfe with any body, forcing him to march ten Leagues a day, and carrying him every night out of the Road, without acquainting him which way he was to pafs. Inrcn dales time he arrived in Savoy, and ftayed there for fome time in the Chamhcry, till he could receive further Order from his Holinefs, to whom he had given particular advice of all that had paffcd.

The King _of France took into his power Avignon, a City of the Popes in prance, threatens to ufe extremity, and prepares an Army againfl: Italy. After divers Treaties it was concluded at Pifa, That for the appeafing the Kings wrath, the Corfi be perpetually baniiTi^xl from Rome. That a Pyramid be built for an everlafting Monument of the Adion. And that a Legate a Latere be fent alfo to the King in fiibmiflive terms, to give fitisfaftion for the hainoul'neO of the fad. Which was decently performed by Cardinal Cbigi, the Popes Nephew.

At the time chat accident happened to the Dake of Gvg'/// in Rome, among all the Cardinals there was none that ftuck fozealoully tO' the French parcy as the Cardinal de Retz. •: to the admira ion of every body, that a perfon that had been turn'd out of his Church, and other Benefices, had been imprifoned, perfecuted, and banilhcd, fhould ap- pear with fuch ardour in the defence of that intereftihat was chccaBfc of his troubles : and ( whicli is worfe ) refo'.vcd never to re-admit him to the Dignities he had loft. The King o( France unwilling to Ut the copiftancy or generofity of de Rctx.,, with which he maintained

the.

ii' ' .'" ''%!je ecdefiafl!call^ifto;tp " cem. I7.

the juftpriv Hedges of his Crown, to go unrewarded, he admitted him again into his favour , which he enjoyes to this day (if he be yet liv- ing ) but with fome conditional limitations, as retaining ftill in his m nd the prejudice he did formerly to the Crown, though he often declared, chat all his defigns were againft Maz^arine,

Afterwards Carlo Roberti a Koman^ was created Nontio, and fent into trance. And though the grpfs of the quarrel forementioned was compofed by the Treaty ztPifa, yet there were certain reliques remaining, that without good managing might have unravelled all again. Therefore above all the Pope gn\e Roberti in charge,that hefhouli (as much as in him lay) redintegrate into the favour of hisMajefty, and the principal Officers in his Court the opinion that Chigihud loft in France •, and that he (hould endeavour to make them appear inno- cent, and full of affedion for that Crown. Pope Alexander VII. in his laft promotion madehima Cardiiial with the reft of the Nun- tio's, and fent him his Cap to Paris, Before his Nuntiature into France, this Prelate was much inclined to the Intereft of Spain : but when he began to be acquainted with the Frerich Kin^ entertainment, and the civiUty of the French Court, he changed his mind, and followed the humour of the Frf^c^.

Afterwards certain Jefuites difobliged by fome. check which they 'liad received in Paris about the Jefuite jintho-ay Santhrelli's Booic, de Hareji, Schifmate, Apofiafta ( in which he fpake to the difparage- •ment of the power of Princes, but magnified and exalted the power and Authority of the Pope ) fell publickly to maintain before the Kings face the queftion of the Infallibility and inpeccability of the Pope. _ . -

The French Divines thought themfelves concern'd for the honour of the Crown , and confervation of the antient priviledges of their Church, to anfwer them with a moft juft and well-grounded Cenfure, wherewith they rigoroully condemned thedodrine of the Jefuites, as too remote from the general opinion, and of great prejudice to the Sove- raignty of Princes.

Pope Alexander VI L having notice of what palled, tcftified to King Lnves, his diilike of this proceeding. The King recommending the examination of the matter to the wifdom of the Parliament oi Paris, they upon mature deliberation concluded , that the Popes Infallibility was not to be admitted in 'France^ as being an innovation, and incon* iiltent with the ancient priviledgeofthe C^j/Z/c^;? Church : and there- fore they Taw no reafon to admit a new opinion , known only to fuch as depended on the Court of Rome, and rejed that which was of greater antiquity, and had Veen owned by fo many Popes. Whicti determination fo netled his Holinefs, that he fell immediately to his

Bulls,

CirJinilifli.

Cent. 17- of FRANCE. 183

Bulls, and with great threatning and curfes forMd the Printing or rcad^ ing of the abovefaid Cenfures.

Among other' exprcflions in his Bull, there were thefe, Trafatat cenfuroi uti frafamftuof.is, temerarias atqne fcandalofas. It was very well known, that thofe Cenfures were made by th5 Sorbomfis^ the " King's principal Divines, by the Parliament it felf ^ which is as much as to fay, by the Kinghimfelf. Notwithftanding the Pope fpiresnot any revilings-, but throws forth peals of inveftives indifcriminarely , as if from a Pope nothing is injurious. This is the refpeft the Popes bear to the oioftChriftian King, and to fuch a State as France.

Le.wes Duke of Vendofme , a French man, is defcended from a Natu- ral Son of King Henry IV. who Marrying with Frances of Lorram^ Dutchefs of Mercceur, had this Lswes by her. He had no great en- dination to the Ecclefiaftical habit, his mind running more alter Ma- irimony, and the affairs of the world. Accordingly when he arrived at a competent Age, he Married a Niece of Cardinal M.iz.Arine's, ho- ping by means of bis favour to open a way to fome honourable employ- ment. This Ladylivednot raanyyearswiththeDukeher Husband, to whom file left two hopeful Sons.

This Lord being a Widdower, changeth his mind, being now alto- getherfor the Ecclefiaftical habit j not in any penitential way, but only to capacitate him for the Cardinalfhip, which healwaies aiai'd at. Fi- rully, the French King according to the Prerogative of his Crown, be- H)g to nominate a pcrfon in the laft. promotion of Pope jiU.xander, prefentcd this as a perfon of great Merit, and fit to be an Ornament both to the Cap and Colledge : and the rather becaufe in his Viceroy- fhip in Catalonia, and in his Government o^ Provence, he had fhewed great diligence in his Majefties fervice.

A few daies after he had received his Cap, the tidings of the Popes • languifliing condition arrived : fo that with diredions from the King, he parted immediately for Rome, to be prefcnt at ihenew Conclave, where he met exaftly with all the reft of the French. Car-i dinals.

In the year 1667. Pope Alexander VII. dieth, and Clement IX, . fucceedeth him. The- Eleflion being made, the drdin^l o{ Tendoffn (who in this Conclave- had behaved himfelf with great prudence, and perhaps more than was expcfted by the elder Cardinals, that had beena long time acquainted with the Intrigues oftlieConclaves J pre- ■ pared for his return into France : but firft he recommended to his Holinefs the Intereftsofhis Mafter, particularly in the bufinefs of the difcameration of Caftro, according to the Treaty at Pifa, in which ic was Articled, that I'aftro fhould be delivered. The Pope fent a Bud:: to Cardinal Vendofme^ declaring him Legate a Latere, and thefeby qui- - lifying hirn for that Funftion. ^

Hei-e v

,84 "%l)t eccieOadtcai ^iBoty cent. 17.

Bre followeth a %elatPn of the ^rejznt Eflate of the (^e- formed Churches in I r 2ince, tra7ijlated out of 'Stench , ■ and j^ubhfJ)ed Anno 1668.

I Shall only in brief relate the proceedings of the Adverfe partf agiinft them.

The firft and moft confidcrable Meanufed agamft them by the Po.^ piOi Clergy is that of Cemtnifiions.

For under pretest of execijting the Edid of Nantes, and the De- crees made in confequence thereof, and providing againft the breaches of the fame, they have engaged the King to fend Commiffioners into all Provinces. For clearing whereof, we mufl remember that Henry IV. of happy memory, having found it convenient (for the quiet of his Subjftes ) to make this EdSt as a particular and irrevocable Law, did fend Commiffioners into all the Provinces to execute the fame, and after thofe Commiffioners iiad eftablifhed all things in due farm, they returned their Executions into the hands{of the King, to ferve as a Rule in all future debates, which could arife on that fubjed.

Thefe Commiffioners ( although the ^w^o^orj have ufurped nothing fince the firft execution oftheEdift, but on the contrary have fuftain- ed innumerable loffcs ) have now altogether perverted the bufinefs : for concealing the^firft execution of theEdift,they have compelled alltheRe- f jrmed Churches within the Kingdom to appear before thofe Commiffio- ners, and to reproduce their Titles, to verifie their Right for the publick Exercife of their Religion, and to be judged a fecond time, as if t'le Edift had never been put in execution. And albeit particular Chur- ches produce Ads made in their favours by the firft Commiffioners (Executors of the EdiftJ yet thofe new Commiffioners without any regard thereof rejed the fame as utterly invalid.

The Council paft an Ad Anno i66z. by which it was Ordained, That the Proteftants (hall not be admitted before the Commiffioners to prove the Rights for the Exercife of their Religion by Inqueftsor Witncfles, even although the Witnefles be P^orr.an Catholiques. Now, befide that this manner of probation was never rejeded, yet are they de- prived of the only Mean which in moft pikes is left themj«-}yftiiie their Titles. For during the late Wars, many Cbarches being pil- laged or burnt, they cannot otherwife evidence ilieir pofleffion, than by the leflimony of Ancient men yet alive, who can depofe the condi- ido.i wherein Aifairs flood in the years i J96. aftd i j.97.

More-

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. i«5

Moreover, each Province hath two Commiffioners, one a Papift, the other a Proteftanr. And from the Popifh Commiffioners what ju- ftice can they expeft ? They ( in effeft ) proceed according to the inftrudions of^fmfrthe Jefuite, who hath Printed a Book, wherein faftning impertinent Expofitions upon the plaineft terms of the Edid, and changing hisMajcfties Authentic k and Royal Words into Jefuiti- cal Equivocations, he hath perverted all things according to his own inclination. So that their ftrongeft reafons are fcorned, and their beft Titles rejeded as Trifles, whilft the falfe Allegations of their Adverfaries are admitted as the beft of Arguments. And they condemn fomc Churches, which produce the like and much better Titles, than thofe slledged by fome other Churches, whofc Pnviledges they have ratified.

And for the Proteftant Commiffioners, what juftice or protedion can they expe& from them, becaufe the greateft part of them are chofeii by diredion and recommendation of the Popifh Prelates. And fome of thofe Commiffioners have parted, or fliared the places of Publick Worfiiip between the Papifts and the Proteftants. And this fharingof Churches is alwaies determined in Council, by advice of the Popifli Commiffioners, their Proteftant Colleagues being ne- ver either called or heard j and hereupon the Hugomts have loft '' three parts of four of all their Churches. And a multitude of Ads have been publifhed by the Council, which have been very grievous to them.

One Ad hath bereaved them of the liberty of praifing God, by for- f^^j',^/, ,'f ',^; bidding the fingingof Pfalms, even privately in their houfes, though it »^ai. bean eminent part of Chriftian Worfhip.

Another Ad compelleth them to bury their dead clandeflinely, ^''?-7- and in the night, forgetting that the very Heathens had refped to the jl'iss^l''"""" Tombs of their enemies, o-c.

Another hath diverted Proteftant Magiftrates ( whatever be their ''*'-5. iffij. charge or quality ) of the priviledge of prefiding in their Courts.

Another hath taken a«?ay all means of inftruding and educating Fft. 25. igg,. their Children, leaving them at moft ( and that only in fame pla- ces ) the fmalier Schools, where is only taught to Read, Write, and Compt.

Another hath reftrained the liberty of Printing any Books in favour y.-;. 19. 1665. of their Religion, by impofing upon them a neceffity of obtaining Licen- ces from the Kings Council, which cannot be had.

Another ordaineth Parents to give Penfions to their Children who r)Har.'W»!.;<. change their Religion j even although the faid Children will not dwell ^^u';'i7^-|,'\^' with theSQ : as if Paternal Authority were nulled by Childrens Apo- iSf?;' ' ^'''^' ftafic.

Aaaa ^ Ano-

^6^ %^t ccclefiaaicai ^iHoii^ cem. 17;

*'""''• 5- '^<^3- Another prohibits the exercife of Charity toward their Brethren, whO' are in want.

Another difchargeth payment of debts by thofe of the Coniraonalty who fliall turn Papifts.

rci.i2..i(^6,{. Another prohibits Minifters to Preach without the place of their Re- fidence : thereby depriving the Hugonots of the benefit of Annexations -^ that is, the priviledge of one Minift^-rs f upplying two Churches, which fingly are not able to afford a competent maintenance.

Scr- 13- 3<^fo- Another deprives them of the liberty of their Claffical meetings in the Iiitervals of Synods, whereby the Exercife of Difcipline is reftrain-, ed, &c.

ea^i). 5. 1663. Anoiher prohibits the Cenfuring of Proteftant Parents by the Parcr^ chial Elder/hip, or otherwife, for fending their Children to be educa*- tedbyjefuites or. Poplfh Tutors.

5cf.'. 18. 1664. Another gives liberty to Prieits and Friers to enter the houfes of ■« Proteftants, and to come to their Bed-fides when fick or dying, to fa- licite them to change their Religion. And after their death, they car- ry away their Children, alledging falfly, that their Parents at' their death gave fome fign of wiliingnefs to embrace the Romifl) Religion.

June jq. z66z. Another makes it Criminal in Minifters to flylc themfelves Pa-- ilors, cr Minifl-ers of the Word of God. They forbid Miniflers to wear a long Garment, that they might have nothing to difbinguiflithem from the Common people. _

Declar. i6i?3. And in the Declaration of pretended' Relapfes-, iris Ordained, Thnt thofe among the Hugonots, who have once embraced the Popifb Religi- on, fhall never again return unto them, under pain of perpetual baniih- ment from the Kingdom. This is utterly to deftroy all liberty of Coiu- fcience.

They feem alfoto forbid them all hope of being heard iHtfieir own defence. And there is little hope of being heard at the Council it felf, where ail their Affairs have their lafi; Appeal and audience. For it hath often come to pafs, that die Proteftant Deputies fent by the Provinces and Cities to plead their Caufe, have been exprefly com- manded to return, without fo much as only liberty to appear. And fome have fpent fix months, fome a '' whole year to procure an hearing, whilft rhe Afts fued againft thera by the Catholick Ciergy have been obtained in lefs than twenty four hours ^ and in fine after a thoufanj cares, they have only had the grief to return to their Provinces, ^vith the news of the lofs of the Caufe which they folicited.

The Clergy aifo do endeavour to intimidateand affright the Proteftant Minifters i, fome thty have violently filenced' : others they feek to en- fiiare on every hand : lomc they critninally ind'id for very trifles, fwme are b;niftedj others are tranTported. whither their Adverfaries . ■ flejtftv.

Cent. V7. Of FRANCE. 187

pleafe.: and they vex them fo, to the end no man may be willing to cm- brace the calling of a Minifter.

Thofe Cities where Proteftants for number are moft confide- rable, feem to be the principal Objcft of their Enemies fury. Of thefe tsjldontauhan-, Rachel, and Milan, ( formerly three flourifhing Cities ) are now brought very low, and expofed to fufferings of di- vers kinds.

Their Adverfaries vex them alfo with Civil and Criminal Law- fuits, as well againft the Body of their Churchy as particular perfons, fometimes in the name of the Kings General Atturneys, or their Sublli- tutes : fometime in the name of 'Diocefan, or Monaflick^ Attorneys, or their Chapters .-and all this frtquenily for things utterly falfe •, as that they havefpoken irreverently of the Sacramenis, or fuch like grofs impoftures : for proving of all which, they never want fubor- ners and falfe wicneffes. And if at any time the Forgery be difcovered, the Judges feldom punifh the Authours : or if they inflift any puniOi- ment at all, it is but fuch as through the flightnefs thereof, giyeth greater liberty and eiKourageraent to luch- perfons •, whereof there are many notorious Inflances.

A liberty is alfo granted to Priefts and Monks ( whofe nature with- out encouragement is forward enough ) to infult over the Hugotms, to commit all manner of violence without fear of punifhment, yea and to execute the conciliary Afts againft them, as they have done in Ptf/c?o/', where the Priefts have in divers places demolifhed Churches, digged up andfcarchcd the very loweft ftones of the foundation, broke open Cherts, carried away the poors moneys, pulled down particular mens houfes, and the Cafties of the Proteftant Gentry, abufing them vviih injurious words and moft violent aftion?.

They alfo take ftrange waits to make Profclytes : fornegleding in- ftrudion and good example (which are the only proper and lawful means of gaining fouls to God) they only ufe promifes, ihrcatnings, and labour to catch men by divers kinds of fnarc?.

They alfo deprive the Hitgor.ots of all means of acquiring a Livtli- hood, and all hopes of preferment, there being no admittance ofihem into any publick OiRce except tbofe of the Chambers oftheEdiftj no, not fo much a'i to the petty OiTices of a Notary, Attorney, or Serjeant, nor yer to learn Arts and Trades.

The Relator concludes thus; Unlefs wc be wilfully blind, we can- not but fee, that they delign to driveus (by defpair) into fon-.e In- furrcftion. But that we fliall never do ; preferring rather to fuffer the grcateft extremity, and our very blood to be fhed, li an in the leaft to violate the refped; which we owe to our Prince. And if they cannot overcome our Patience (as afiurcdly they never

Aaaa 2 fhxil}

m X'^t cccleftafttcai ^xRoiy Cent, it.

(hall ) then cheir Refolwion is, by conrinual importunity to prevail with his Majefty to drive usout oftheKingdooi. But wc hope the King is fo good and juft, that he will never gratifie them infuchathing wuhout a Parallel. And if we ftiould be called to fuch a Trial, we hope Gcd will give us fuch ftrength and courage, as without Regret to abandon our native Land, that we may ferve Him, where-ever his Providence (hall call us. And this in e£Fed is the general reColwioa of all the PROTESTANTS within the Kingdom.

Since the writing the precedent Relation, which is but an Epitome of fome of the Principal matters tranflsted out of fr««cfc, and Printed by c^. eJifaxwtll, Arino i668- there lately came to ray hands a Pamphlet, which containeth a Narrative of the prefent deplorable eftatc of the Proteftants in Fraf.ce^ which dedarexh ( among divers other things } the proceeding of the Pirliament at Roven^ againft the Lady BtMroger and her Daughters, and Mr.Le Mi)ine Paftorof theProte- (tant Church at Roven^ occafioned by the flight of Madamoifelle Darqnes out oiprarice into England, I Ihall refer the Reader for fuller 4tisia<3:ion therein tathe forelkid Narrative^ lately Printed at London,

Here

C ent. 17;^ of FRANCE. 189

HerefollowethaLtJiofthe^rotefiant Qhurches that hve hem demoli^cd

B

eyfnno i66i.

Y » Decree of March 24, St. Baz.U in the Diocefs of J^dmpeSitr wasdeciolifhed^

By a Decree of fuly 2 1. Luct}ue : and twenty three Ghurches by 3' Decree oi^ugnfl 25. in the County of G^Arwere dcDaolilhed.i'/xw Gex. Ghalez.. Teron. Di-ume^ Crilly. CraJJjf. Pougny.. Colonges, Barges. Ceffy. Creqiii, Sovtrny, {/"t^f^' Verfoy,. Croffet. Qoevry. Foully^ Meyrin.- Vergnicr. Fregny, Saconnay. Thoiry, St.Giano-

Anno 1663.

Aubiffon by a D'ecreeof January 11. In Provence thirteen Chur^ «hes by a Decree of March 4. viz.,

Lants. La Cajie. Gignac.

D' Ongles, D' Oppedettes.

Signarcjues. Roquefn. gardes,.

La Baflide. 'Des Gros. La 'Breoullk Souliers,.

Montagnac by a Decree of Jitne 1 5,

Eighty nine Churches condemned by fix Decrees- O^o^fj- 5. in thV Diocefs oiVfez,, Nifmes and Mande., fcil.

Bellegarde in the Diocefs oi Nifmes: Marvejols-les GardgnHimmiersi.

Puechredori, Lougrian.

St. Naz.aire desGarJies..

Orthou.St.Jean de Strres,

Cez^oi. ['ambo.

Majfilargues les Afidtiz^e.

DoHrbies.. u4gicz.an. St. Ercjfon,.

St* 'Bcnez.et. S. Savionrde Pomdls'i

St. John of Gricidon.- Gatnueres^.

St, Bonet de Sakndrengius,:

Gaujac near Afidhz^e,

St. Juhn de "Bauffcls. Lahvejo^.

Witbres..Caudiac,.MaJ[aries.-Lio^e,.

Sr..^

19 o ' %5e eccieftaHtctiiiff^or^ cem. <7«

Br agajf argues,. 'BroHz.et. Ronret. ■ St. jdien de la Nef. RcquedHn, Courbes. Sendras. St. John du Pift* Jl^arvejols in J/'aanage. 'Bonrdie in the Diocefs of Vfez.. 'Bencx.et. Concoules. S, John of CerargHCS. ViBefort. Comb 06. Toitfet. Ale jane. Sr. HIppolite de Catcn. (^afielnait. DefpUne, Aloiiteils. iJM art in argues. 'Bone on the Lilian. St. "Baz-il ot Vfez.. Brueys. Roubiac. Serignac. jivej.in. (pannes. Oz.on. S. Jidartin of Kalgalges. Gadargues, ^■fegrane. Arlande. fj^iontagnac. Verfcvil. Move. Pognadcrejfe. St. Fi^or of Malca^. St. Stephen of Vorvere. Foijfac. JUfoamiraille. Fefc. Aiaugieres, ha. Rovihitre.

In the Diocefs of Mands.

Grtfac Cafielhove, Bdme near 'Bare.

Jl4onvailUm. Aiaz-artbal. Ttmelac.

A'landenaur of Roujfes.

fraijinet of Fourgitcs. St. Andiot.

^' t. Andre of Lancife.

Si. ij^ichaeloi Dez.ee.

St. Lanrence oi Trehe.

St. Julian of Points.

Pont of Aionvcrt. Ribautes. St. Cajine,

Geneyras. St. Julian oi the Ncjf,

St. John of Rocques. La RoHviere.

La Brugiere. Cmcens. 'Bizzarre.

ArdaiHors. Cros. Talleyrac.

Salaranes, "Breaw. BoHviUargues.

(jiicyfargius. Adarign argues.

Rodtllan. S. (^cz.aire, Conrvcjfac.

Montredon. Lecqnes. SaUnelUs th£ lefltr.

Galarques. Ajperes.

Buz-inargues. Vill.uelle. Colorges. Lafcoms.

Cruvieres, Guja/ie. Crtfphn. Vio. S.i;:z.ct.

Rochegude. Seynes. Daumefargucs. BoviJJct .

It^ zyUartinoi CsrKfelads. Taraux. Funtnrz.ch(.

A-im

Cent.)/. Of FP.ANCE. 191

Anno J 664.

So'K' by a Decree of (i^Z/y 12.

Landouzy. Gercis. Sernay. Ruedes'Boheins. Z-fi/^/. Septemb. 22,

St. Croix de C^^ndek. Vehav}, Veftrie. MdhaVf. Oftob. 3.

Men on. Oftob. 20^

t^tvi'Qhmchoi Montauhan. Oftob. 29.

The Church at Nifmes. Novemb. 28.

<iAnno i66$.

Churches decaoli(hed in Bretagne. Jan. ip; Syon. Croilfie, LaRochehibnard. Dinan. Ploer, St, Jl^alb.

In Picardy. Jan. 27. Salonel. Canefares. Lindeboeiif. April 2^,- Le(L^r/hil.

Forty Churches demolifhedin Poiciu by a Decree of Anguft6„ BtUbrc. Cho-vignL Excitdue. St. Gelais. Courteitlts. Btnay. £oithe, <>JMarcillac. Puigni. Pefelechiit. Parthenuy. Lc Vigean. St, Benoir. Tuybeliart. Lucon. LaChaune. 'Belleville, Poire. St.Hermine, Le Bonfire. Chantaunay. St. Giles Snrvye, Talmont. Mareville. LajAndoviniere, Jl£willeron. St. Fulgent. St. Jovin de Milli, ■ Benet. La Br affair diere. Lachataigneray,- Fanjfay. LaBaardiere. Cenay. Anbanie. Citire. LaBouchctiere. Lande Blanche. La Milliere. Boifragan. Ln Ch^felleTemet. La MorinierCo

Many Churches have been deftr eyed fince t666. yet few of their names- are come to our hands, uiilefs

In 1672.

St. Aridreoi Beaujfe^'Dtcemh.ZQ.

In 1673..

By aDe.cree,J'i;i';3;.

Vhet, Cal.ifian.PavillH.- Aimmu. Ligneux.. S. "Barthelmy de Li Pcrchc.

A'Biitfi'

192 Xfte ccclefiaiiical f^xUoiv Cent. 17.

■■OJcfrun.Concil,

J ^rief account of the later Quncils 0/ France, cek^ bratedfrom the time of the Coimcilof Trent.

THe Heads of die Stattites of the Provmcial Council of Rhemes, Charles Archbifhop of Rhemes, Cardinal of Larrain being Prefident. Statute 1. Of the Refidence of Curates.

2. Of the Office of a Curate in choofing and preaching found Do- ftrine.

3 . Of the Office of Curates in the Adoainiftration of the Sacra- ments.

4. For what ends fpiritual alliance fliallbe thenceforth contraftedby Baptifm.

5. Of the law&l times of Marriage.

6. Of the life and honefty of the Curates,

7. Of providing fit Clerks for the fupply of Vacant Churches, who are to be examined by fix Dodors, or Licentiates in Divinity, or in the Canon-law ; or other Clerks, cither Secular or Regular.

8. Of promotion to holy Orders.

9. Of the firftTonfure. No youths are to be admitted to the firft Tonfure, unlefs they have received the Sacrament of Confirmation, and the rudiments of faith, and fhall learn to read and write.

i<3. Of reftoring the offices of Minor orders by the Churches, from a Deacon to a door-keeper.

11. Of the diftinft coUation of the things of the Orders, and the ■qualities of thofe that are to be ordained.

12. That all Clerks be appointed to fome certain Church.

1 3 . Of the Age and quality of thofe that are to be promoted to the greater orders. None to be admitted to the Order of a Sub-deacon, -till he be two and twenty years ol" age : none to the Order of a Deacon, till three and twenty years of age : nor of a Prieft tiU five and twenty years of age.

14. Of the Examination of thofe to be promoted to the greater Or- ders : concerning their perfons, age, education, manners, faith and -doftrine.

15. Of the Office of a Sub-deacon, and Deacon, and Prieft about the Church to which they are admitted.

16. All Orders arc to be conferred Gratis, I'j. Of the Vifitation of Arch-deacons, and the office of Rural

Deans.

iS. Of the reparation of Chur.ches,andtheufeof Ixnages.

Thefc

Cent. 17- of FRANCE.

Tfeefe Ads of the Council were perfeAed after nineteen federal Congregations.

I flhall omit the names of thofe who were either pr'efent in Chis Pro- vincial Council of Rhemes, orfent their Procuratours,

Some Decrees of the Synod concerning Marriages, and Ravifhers of Women, were approved, but not publiflied.

I (hall alfo pafs over the procurations of the Archbifliop of Rhe»/es„ through ths Cities, Diocefs, and Province of Rhemes-.

The Conjlitutions of the SynodofMdum^ Anno 1 579 .

I. /concerning the profeffion of the Catholick faith. V-/ 2. Of the diligence to be ufed by Paftors agairift Hereticks.

3. Of the punifhing of rafh fwearers.

4. Of Magical Arts in general, and of divinations prohibited by Law.

5. Of the Vifitationof Churches,

6. Of the Celebration of Feftivals.

7. Of the Sacraments in general.

8. Of the Sacraments in fpecial.

9. Of Confirmation.

10. Of the holy Sacrament of theEucharift,

1 1^ Of the things pertaining to the Celebration of the Mafs.

12. Of Penance.

13. Of fafting.

14. Of Extream Undion. '

15. Of Matrimony,

16. Of the Sacrament of Order. And firfl:,of the life and honefty of the Clergy in general. Of the caufes of the reproaches cafl: upoiv the Clergy.

17. Of promotion to Holy Orders.

18. Rules given to Bifhops to walk bky.

19. Of Canonifts.

20. Of parifh-priefts.

21. Of Refidency.

22. Of the reformation of Regulars.

'9?

Bbbb ^^'

i5>4 %t^t ecciefiafticai !&tllo;t^ cent. 17.

The Laws of a Seminary QolUdge', which is to be injlituted in every Viocefs^ according to the Decree of the CohjicH of Trent, Seff. 23. c. 23.

chap. I . /^F thofe that are to be admitted, and thofe that are to be V^ difcharged.

2. Of thole things which refpeft piety.

3. Of the things which pertain to obedience, .

4. Of the things which pertain to modefty.

5 . Of the things which refpeft fludies.

6. Of thofe who fhaU have the charge of the fpiritual affairs of a Seminary, and things pertaining to learning, as alfo of temporal things.

7. Of Hofpitals for fick folks. Of a Procurator appointed for pi- ous caufes, whom foffie call a Procurator of Souls.

8. Of the trimming and adorning of Churches. 9: Of the funerals and burials of Catholicks.

10. Of the prefervation of Church-goods.

11. Of the things that pertain, to outward jurifdidion.

]>{om concerning the CorreFtion of pnhlick Crirms.

h. Of Whores, Bawds, and Panders. . ^:^2.:Of Concubinaries. ''''f;'^^

'' 'j.'Of irfuries.

Here they pay and befeech all Trinces and Afa^ijfrates^ ihjt they would ufe their utmofi fydeavoUrs to remedy thefeevth', -

12. Of the office of foraneous Vicars, and Arch-prtsbyterSa. •

1 3 . Of a Diocefan Synod, andof Synodal witneffes..

14. Of School-mafters. '''■ • "' '■''

15. Of thereftrainingof immoderate charges.. i6. Of the Sealings of Notaries^

Thr

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.

»95

The Canons and Decrees of the Troyincial QouncH of Cam- bray, Anno 1565.

Chaf. I. /^F the fufpeded and prohibited books of Hereticks.

V-/ 2. Of Divinity-leftures in Chapters, and Monafteries.

3. Of Schools, and of the books to be taught in them, and the man- ner of teaching youths.

4. Of a Seminary : and of the age of youths to be admitted into a Seminary.

5. Of Doftrine, and preaching the Word of God.

6. Of Worfhip, Ceremonies,and Divine Service.

7. Of Ecclcfiaftical Minifterics.

8.. Of the life and honefty of the Clergy.

9. Of the Examination of Bifhops, and of the Examination of Pa- ftours.

10. Of the Refidency of Bifhops and Curates.

11. Of the refidency of Paftors and their Office. J 2. Of a Vifitation.

13. Of Ecclefiaftical power and jurifdiftion.

14. Of Matrimony.

15. Of Purgatory, and fufFrages for the dead. x6. Of the Monafteries of Men and Women.

17. Of the Saints, of their Veneration, Worfliip, and Invocation.

18. Of Images : of the Images of Chriftand the Saints to be ufed in Temples : none of which are to be admitted without the confent and judgement of the Bifliop.

19. Of Indulgences : none are to be offered that are new and un- known, and fuch only as arc approved by the Ordinary.

The* Decrees of the TroVnicial Synod of Roven, An« no 1581.

I. -TpHat profeffion might be made of the faith of the one, holy, Ca- _l- tholick and Ap6ftolick Church, we excommunicate, and anathe- matize, according to the Lateran Council ' faid they ) all hcrefie exalt- ing it fclfagainfl: the Orthodox and Catholick Church : and all who do aliert, and believe otherwife than the Catholick, Apoftolick, and Ro- man Church doth believe and teach.

2. They fet down a form of Profeffion of faith. IN. do with firm faith believe and profefs all and every thing which is contained in the fymbolof faith, which the holy Roman Church ufeth, ^"f. Concluding

Bbbb 2 • thus;

tBus : And I moft firmly believe and embrace the Apoftoiick and Ecdefiaftical Tradicions, and the reft of the obfervations and confti- tutions of the fame Church. Item, I admit the holy Scripture, ac- cording to that fence which our holy Mother the Church hath held andholdeth, whofe right it is to judge of the true fence and interpre- tation of the holy Scriptures : neither will I ever receive and inter- pret it but according to the unanimous confent or the Fathers. I alfo profefs, that there are feven ficraments of the new Law, ■ inftituced by Jefus Chriftour Lord, viz.- Baptifm, Confirmation, the Eucharift, Penance, Extream Unftion, Order, and Matrimony, and. that they do confer grace : and of thefe, that Baptifm, Confirmation, and Order, cannot be reiterated without facriledge. And I receive and ad- mit the received and approved rires of the Catholick Church in the fo- lemn adminiftration of all the fore faid Sacraments. I embrace and re- ceive all and every thing which have been defined and declared in the holy Council of Trent concerning Original fin and Juftification. Like- wife I profefs, that there is offered up unto God in the Mafs, a true, proper, and propitiatory Sacrifice for quick and dead, and that irv the moftholy Sacrament of the Eucharift, there is truly, really, and fub- ftantially, the body and blood, together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jefus Chrift, and that there is made a converfion of the whole fubftanceof the Bread into the Body, and of the whole fubftance of the Wine into the Blood. Which converfion the Catholick Church calleth Tranfiihftantiation. I confefs alfo that under one kind only whole Chrift, and the true Sacrament is received. I conftantly hold, that there is a Purgatory, and that the fouls detained there are helped by the fuf- fragesof the faithful. Likewife, that the Saints reigning together with Chrift, are to be Worfhipped and called upon, and that they do offer up.prayers to God for us. And I aflert, chat their Relicks are to be Worfhipped. That the Images of Chrift, and the Mother of God al- wayes a Virgin, and alfo of other Saints, are to be had and retained, and chat due honour, and veneration is to be given to them. And*I af- - firm that the power of Indulgences was left by Chrift in the Church, and that the ufe of them is very comfortable to Chriflian_people. L ac- knowledge, that the holy Catholick, and Apoftoiick Roman Church, is the Mother and Miftrefs of all Churches. And I freely promifc and fwear true obedience to 'he Roman Bifhop, the Succeflbur of the blefftd Teter, the Prince of the Apoftles, the Succeflbur of Jefus — Chrift. And I undoubtedly receive and profefs aU other things deli- vered by the Sacred, Canonical, and Oecumenical Councils, and efpeci- ally the holy Council of Tre?Jt. Moreover I condemn, rejeft, and anathematize all contrary things, and herefies whatfoever condemned, rejeded, and anathematized by the Church. And this Catholick faith, without which no tjian can befaved, which I freely profefs, and truly • hold

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. 197

hold for the prercnt, the fame I will retain, and profefsconflantly unco the end of my life by the help of God, (^c: And this I promife, vow, and fwear, fo help me God, and his holy Gofpels.

3. The third Decree was concerning Divine Worfhip in general,

4. Concerning the Sacraments. As for the Sacrament of Confirma- tion, it was to be done frequently, and Gratishy the Bifhops through the Towns in their DiocelTes.

5. Concerning Bifhops, where diverfe qualifications are pre-requifice before any one be admitted to the Office of a Bifhop.

60 Concerning the Offices of Bifhops.

7. Concerning the Offices of Curates, and other Presbyters and Pa5 rirfi-Priefts.

8. Concerning Monaflerics, wherein divers Inftrudions and Rules are prefcribed to the Abbots and Priors, for the better governing themfelves, and their Monafteries.

pi Concerning Ecdefiaftical Jurifdidon,

There were alfodiversStatutes made in the fame Prqi^incial Synod,, concerning tnc foundation of Schools and Seminaries.

The Decrees cf the ^rovmcid QouncH of Rhemes, Anno 1585.

I . /^^Oncerning the Cathohck faith, and the, reafon of profcffing V-/ the fame.

2. A Form of Confeflion is fet down.

3. Concerning Divine Worfhip.

4. Concerning the Breviary, MifTal, and Manual.

5. Concerning Feftival Dayes.

6. Concerning Divination by lots, and other things contrary to Chrt— ftian piety.

7. Concerning the Sacraments, i. Of Confirmation, z. Of Pe- nance. 3. Of the Eucharifl. 4, Of Order. 5. Of Matrimony. Whereunto is added the Decree of the Council of Trent concerning-

the reformation of Matrimony, ex.Sej[.2^. 6. OfExcreara

Unftion.

8. Concerning Seminaries.

9. Of the Clergy in general.

10. Of Regulars, and their Monafteries,.

11. Of Curates..

12. Of Cfuipters and Canons..

13. Concern'pg Bifhops.

4. Conccrnii.g Simoniacks and Fiduciaries, y, Concerning Burials,

i6.Con^-

1 9 8 %^t eCtUMmm ^idO^y Cent. 17.

16. Concerning Ufury.

17. Concerning Jurifdiftion.

18. Concerning a Vifitation.

19. Concerning a Diocefan Synod.

20. Of a Provincial Synod.

The Decrees of the froVincial Council of Bourdeaux , together with'the Laws of the Seminaries^ Anno 1585.

all approved by the Tope.

I . /concerning a Confefiion of Faith.

V_V 2. Of thofe things which have refped to Divine Worihip and Religion.

3 . Of Ecclefiaftical Prayer?.

4. Of the Breviary, Miffal, and other Books pertaining to Divine Offices.

5.0f thofe things which either are to be obferved, or to betaken heed of, in the holy Sacrifice of the Mafs (as they call it j and in Divine Otiices.

6.0fFeftival-dayes.

7. Of Magick Arts, and other things contrary to Chriftian Reli- gion.

8. Of the Sacrament.

9. Of Baptifm.

10. Of Confirmation.

11. Of theEucharift.

12. Of Penance.

13. Of Extreana Unftion.

14. Of Order.

15. Of Matrimony.

16. Of Bifhops.

17. Of Chapters and the Canons of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches.

18. Of Parifii-Priefts.

19. Of the Refidency of Paftors.

20. Of preaching the Word of God.

21. Of the life and manners of Clergy-men.

22. Of the Examination of thofe that are to be promoted to benefices vvich cure.

25. OfSimoniacks andConfidemiaries.

24. Of Monafteries,

25. OfSciV.in3.ries.

, 26. Of

C^.i7> Of FRANCE.

199

26. Of the not alienating the things of the Church.

27. Of Schools, Printers, and Book-fellers.

28. Of Hofpitals.

29. Of Ufuries and unlawful Gontja^, 50. Of Burials. ;-.:■

3 1. Of Jurifdiftion.

32. Of a Vifitation.

33. Of a Diocefan Synod,

34. Of a Provincial Council,

35. Of Punifhments.

Of the Injlttution and Laws of the Seminaries of the TrQ=

Vmce of Bourdcaux.

# .- '

t./^F the Houfes of a Seminary,'] That they be built in a large kJ and fpacious place, near unco the Cathedral Church. That there be a Chappel wherein the- Clergy may meet at prayers. That the dor- mitory be open and common, in which every one may have his own bed, ^c. That an Hofpital be appointed in an open place for fick folks, in which all thjpgs,raay, bie^,prpyid,?d%. the ficji, with fingular piety and charity,; .;; .,;.;j ;;:; 10 (]o:rtfi -.rlj 2: m-^r. : !i>;in

2. Of the tuamer of admitting Clerks into Seminaries. 3 The efe- dion and admiffion of Clerks Ihall'be in the power of the Bifhop : or of thofe to whom this care fhall be committed by name. That out of all youths very fit youths may be chol'en, the Bifhop fhall caufc it to be proclaimed through all the Cities and Towns of theDiocefs refpecially where there are SchoolsJ that if any be poor, and born of lawful Ma- trimony, whodefire to be promoted to the Priefthood, and who have attainecl to the age of twelve years, and have not exceeded the twentieth^ and have made fome progrcfs in the Grammar,, that they appear to be examined at the time and place which he fhall appoint them. , The Bi^ fhop Ihall not admit any tf),bcexaiT)jned, \whoro he fhall behold) to' be maimed, or.deformed. Then fhall be enqui're; diligently concerning i\n condition, eftate, manners, apd religion of the Parents.) And he fhall iry what progrefs the youths have made, in learning, he fhall alfo have regard to their wit, vertue, and difpofition either to good or evil. And whom by manifeft conjedures he fhall judge to be unfit for learning, piety, and the Pritfthood,he 11 all by no means admit into the Semimry.. Before.any one be admitted into 'ihe'Seminary^ he i^ to he often admOi- nifhed, that he may not be, educated and nQuinfhed in the Seminary, if be propound to himfelf any other kind of life, than an Eccleliaftical life.^ Thercfpr^e let him by oath, vow, andholily promife, that he will! never depar!ijfi9 ^ny other courfe of, life , but will al.vaycs. faithfully;

ItXVif

20O %\^t eccieftaStca! ifiilo;^ cent. 17.

ferve the Church or Chrift in that degree and order which fliall be af- figned to him by the Bifliop. He (hall alfo promife to obey ihe Gover- nour of the Seminary, and his Subftitutes in all things, and that he will obfeive all. the Laws and Statutes of the Seminary, which fhall be read unto him,'ef-c. Let none be received till he be inftrufted concerning his Bed, Gown, Cap, VVaftccoat, and other Garments, Surplice and Breviary.

3 . Of the Prefident, and Overfeers of a Seminary. 3 None are to be admitted into any Office in a Seminary , unlefs he be firft diligently examined and iryed by theBifhop. Great care (hall be taken, tbatthe Sovernours of a Seminary be men grave, prudent, and adorned with all kind of vertue, who by their example and exhortations may provoke thole that are under their charge to the (ludy of Piety and Vertue. Let all firft put the confellion of their faith, according to the form ex- prc(r«d in the Provincial Council, in the hands of the Biihop. In the Seminary there (hall be one Prefident of venerable gravity, andaPrieft of fingular piety, whom all in the Seminary (hall obey, as well in Spi- rituals as Temporals; And to the Prefident two other Priefts (hall be joyned, whereof one fhall be an Overfeer of all bufinefTes of the Se- minary-, the other fhall have the care of the houlhold affairs, and (hall be called the Under-Mafter of the Seminary. In the Seminary ihall be fo many fervants as the Bi(hop, or thofe delegated by him (hall think fit. The Governours of the Seminary fhall diligently require of their Scholars a repetition of the Lefture , and direft them in their manners and behaviour. And one of them (hall teach the Clerks an Ecclefiaftical Song. Let the Prefident bedailyinthe Seminary, and with his prefence and care contain all in their duty : and totheBifhop let him often give an account of the whole Seminary. Let the Prefi- dent have a Book in which he may fet down the names, firnames, con- dition, the day and vear of the reception of all thofe who (hall be ad- mitted into the Seminary , and whatfoever houfliold-ftuff every one ihall bring.

4. Of' the Oecojiomy^ or Hoit^wld-Cjover^mem of the Seminary,'^ A skilful Procurator (hall be fet over the houfe in temporal matters, who 11 all take care of affairs at home and abroad : he (hall gather iii time all the yearly rents and profits of the Seminary ; and the moneys cotlefted he I'hali flr.iightway deliver to the Prefident to be kept in a cheil. And he fhall have a Book,!n which he ll all diligently and faiihful- ly fet down.whatfoever pirofitsand moneys he(haIlrece:'ve,andcfvvhom, and for what cauie, and (hall note the day, the month and the year. He fhall give an accc^unt to the Prefident of what he receiveth and espend- etb every month : and the Prefident (hall fign the bocrc cf accounts with his own band : and the fame accounts (liall the^ifhoptxamine every third month, c^c. Hiibat Ihall buy in food and other t'Bings, (hall be

one

Gent..:..!;?:^' Of F R A N C E. 20 !

one that is found to be a man faiili ful aad confcientious, who (hM every day receive fo much money as is neceffiry from the Procuraior, and every diy give an account to the Procurator of what is received and ex- ; pended, and that particularly and by piece-meal. The hou l.o!d-ftuff,and all the feveral VcfTels and Inftrumentsof the Seminary, fhail the Procu- rator fet down in a Book, and iliall give an account of ihcm to ihe Go- vtrnour in the fixth month. Moderate food, frugal, and not very deli- care, fhall be defcribed by the B;fhop and his DvMegates.

5. Of the Difcipline of the Seminary : and fir Ji of Piety, ~\ Let the Clerics be excited to Piety and Religion. Lee every one be raifed up at four a clock in the morning,then let them come together in one place, and with bended knees apply themfclves to Prayer for half an hour , and they fhall rehearfe( one going before, others anfwering with a dear voice ) the hourly prayers ofthebkiTed Virgin. They who ihall be ini- tiated tofacred orders, Hiall recite the Breviary in convenient time, and with great attention . B.fore nine a clock in the evening, before they lye down to reft, they (ball all together rehearfe the Litanies, and by and by fhall fearch and examine their confcicnces q-c. Every month fhall every one confefs his fins to the Prieft : and being prepared let them receive the holy Eucharifl with great devotion, unlcfs their Con- feflbr fee caufe to with-hold it from them. Every holy day going out two by two out of the Seminary, and putting on their Surplices, let ihem come together to the greater Niafs, and Vefpers, of the Cathe- dral-church of the City, in which the Seminary fhall be, and ihtre let them ftand and fit in places appointed for them , and fing with the Quire; and on thofe days they ni:ll beprefent at the publick Sermon in the fame Church, or another place. The Prtfident alfo li.all diverfe times in every mouth give brief exhortauons to the Clergy, concerning the dignity of Vertues, and the filthinefs of Vices, with the remedies thereof, concerning blefTednefs, the pains of Hell, concerning death, the laft judgement. In the beginning of Dinner and Supper one of the Priefis fhall pray for a blcfTing, and give thanks after Supper or Dinner, all modeflly anfwering the Prieft going before them. The Pfalm dc pro- fimdisy Qj-e. is to be added, and other Colled:; for the rounder and Be- nefaftors. In the time of D nner and Supper let one read by fuggeilion fome Chapter out of the holy Bible, to which may be added the read- ing of fome pious Book, which they ihall all diligently hear , that whilfl the body is refrefhed with food, the mind may never be idle. Among other Writings of Pious and Learned men, let them often read privately and publickly that famous Epiftle of S. Hierom lo Ncpjtiun^ de Vita Ckricortim^ that unto that Rule every one may endeavour to direft himfelf.

6. Of obedienct, and other duties of the Clerkj of the Seminary ,~\ The Clerks of the Seminary are to be obedient to their Governours in

C c c c all

202

%^t eecielraStcai ^iMjf Cent. V-

all things. La none go out of the Golledge without leave, and a compa- nion joyned to him, wiih whona let him alfo return back again into the Seminary. Let none fend or otherwife receive Letters, unlefs by the hand of the Prefident, who fhall diligently read them, c^c. None fliall iit with any one wtchouc the Seminary, unlefs with his Parents and Kindred, and that very fcldome, and with leave ; neither fhall he fleep out of the Seminary. If any go forth, and abide without, the Prefident being ignorant of ir, he may not be admitted without confulting theBi- fhop, whofe right it is to appoint , whether he be to be received into the Seminary or not. Let none touch another fo much as in jeft, but every where and among all preferve modefliy and gravity. Let filence every whvf re be kept reiigioufly, in the Temple, in the Schools, in the Chamber, between going to and returning from the School, and in all places let Ecdefiaftical modefty appear. They fhill not difcourfe with thofe they meet, except by decent andmodeft falutation, which may be done in palTing by. As often as they fhall go either to the Temple or the School, they fhall proceed modeftly two by two, their Governour following them to whom they are committed. When they are at fludy, let none fpeak with other, neither in the morning before, nor in the evening afcer prayer. All fhall go to bed at nine a clock, and rife at four : all fhall lyc fingle in their beds , that they may preferve their health. After Dinner, and after Supper, they fhall fpend one hour in honeft recreation, ^c. Let them keep their clothes, chambers, beds, books, clean: let them make up their beds early in the morning.

7. Of their Learning. ] Let all firfl learn the Compendium of the - Catholick Catechifm fo exadly, that by mutual interrogations concern- ing it, they may be able to render an account of the Catholick Faith to every one requiring it. And to that end a repetition of it fhall be made twice in a Week. And when they fhall be advanced herein, let she reading of the J?oiw^« Catechifm be diligently commended to them, that from thence they may learn the higher Doftrine of the Sacra- ments. Let them alwayes keep the Law of fpeaking Latin, and let them be diligent in learning their lefTons, and getting them by heart in the time preftsed, &c. Let none be abfent from School in the appoint- ed time. In the School, let the Clerks who fhall be of the fame form, fit. together , and endeavour to excel others with all modefty. Let them neither buy nor have any Books, but thofe whom the Prefident fhall judge to be profitable for them. Books that are condemned by the holy Apoftolical Chair, and immodeft Books , let them not fo much as know them by name, much lefs let them dare ever to read them. They fhall. be exercifed in all kind of Difciplines, which do efpecially help- to the knowledge of Divinity, and when they fhall learn more humane Learning and Philofophy, they are to be chiefly inflruded in that part of Divinity which, unfoldeth cafss of confcience.Let them alfo learnEcclefi-

aftical

Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.

aftical Books diligently,and thofe which they call Ritual. Let all be ex- ercifed in their order in making Orations aad Exhortations concerning the commandments of God and of the Church,concefning the Articles of faith, Vertues to be followed, and Vices to be fhunned , or fome other fentence of Scripture, ^c.

8. OfCorreQion. ] If any be wayward, and fawcy, efpecially who infed: and corrupt the manners of others, all endeavours are to be ufed,. left they bring any detriment to the Seminary, if the Moderators are fomewhat indulgent toward them : neither arc they who are of a crabbed nature long to be retained in the Seminary ,unlefs they fhall reform them by words or correftion. As they are not to be born in a Seminary, who are ignorant and flothful, fo much lefs they who negleft piety, who vio- late the Statutes of the Seminary, who enter into fociety with diflblute perfons, who are delighted in the difcourfes of thofe that are without, who are wont to whifper and backbite, t^c. who art wont to lye, and excufe their own faults, who impatiently bear punifliments injoyned, who Ipeak or anfwer malapertly, undecently, or ironically. Thefe and the like Vices are firft of all to be ftopt by the whole Seminary, and fliarply to be correfted, without excepting any.

9. Of the reafon of promoting Clerks, and difmilling them from the Seminary, As often as Orders (hall be celebrated, the Prefident (hall give to the Bifhop a Catalogue of thofe, who for their age, piety, and learning, may be promoted to fome Order.

In examinations which (hall be had to vacant Benefices, the Seminary- Clerks if they be fit, let them be preferred before all others. They (hall befent at the pleafureof the Bifhop to Churches deftitute ofPa- ftors, or to govern Schools, or to undergo other Ecclefiaftical Offices, fdr the neceflity of times and places. Whofoever fliall be fent away from the Seminary, ('for what caufe foever) Icthira render an account of his Office to the Prefident, which he hath exerci fed at home, and re- ftore all things to its place which have been committed to him.

Thofe who have been educated in the Seminary , and without the licence of the Bifhop have delivered up themfelves to any place or per- fon, or have fled out of the Dioccfs in which they ought to ferve the Church, fhall be bound to make reftitution of that maintenance which they have received in the Seminary. They who depart, if they come to better preferment, yet are they to remember that they ought to be beneficial and grateful to the Seminary. Departing , let them take their leave of the Lord Bifhop, if he be in the City, his Vicars , the Prefident, the Priefts, and the reft of their companions, and let themear- neftly entreat them all to pray for their profperity.

C c c c 3 Th

3<^5

204.

%ljt€aMeMitiil^Moi^- Cent. 17.

'The Decrees of another 'TroVincul Synod foliow , made • i>aFtly atToiUS tn- the month 0/ May 1583. md^arf- ly at Ar>jo a in the nmith of September j I p?aH only jet down an Index of the Ittks..

■He Prologue of the Synod.

2. Supplications to the Pope, and the Moft Chriftian KJng^

3. Of the care of defending the Profeffion of Faith.

4. A Form of Confcffion of Faiih is fet do7/n,

5. Of the Extirpation of Sireiony.

6. Of the Sacraments and their ufe.

7. Of Bapnfm.

8. Of Confirniation.

9. Of the Eucharift, amd Sacrifice of the Mafs.

10. Of Matrimony.

1 1. Of Order.

12. Of the celebration of Feftivals , the Veneration of Rel.iques- and of linages.

13. OfEccIefiafticalDifcipline : the Reformation of the Clergy, as. well as the people. '•■- :'(

14. Of Chapters, Dignities, and Canons.

15. Of Parifh-Priefts, Presbyters, and other Clerks.

16. Of Chrifts fiithful Laity.

This Synod requireth Women not to go abroad, and efpecially net to come into the Church, without their heads and breafts veiled, /«- dignnm efi, &c. It is an unworthy thing ( fay they ) that Chriftian women, whom itbecoraeth to be adorned with modefty andfobriety,, ta profefs piety by good works, after a whoriOi manner to expofethem- felves to the people with curled hair and naked breafts.

They forbid all temporal bufiiiefiis to be done in the Church, where Prayers and Divine Olliccs are to be performed. They require all Chriftians not to eat without firft confecrating their Table, and not to- depart from Table without pious and humble thankfgiving unto God. If any one hath taken counterfeit money, though ignorantly, and he know not the perfon from whom he received it, yet he fhallnot pre- fume to put it away to another, becaufe it cannot be done without ap- pearance of evil. All Laicks are forbidden to walk in the Church, (efpecially during the time of Divine Offices j under pain ofExcom- munication.. ,

t7. Of

Cent "17. of F R XNCE ^ 105

ly.OfMonkSjandMonifteries ; of the mmncr of cheadmiffionof No- vices into Abbics, Monafteriesj and Convents. None is to be admitted ■. to that proreffion before the year of probation, and before the fixteenth year of his age. Of the antient Ceremonies and Cuftoms of the Mo- nafterics •, the habits of the Monks, and their Ihaving their beards, and having a round ring of hair on their heads. The Laity, are forbid- den to (it annong the Monks, whilftthe Divine Myfteries arecelebrated»

18. Of Nuns and their Habits. A Prohibition to men to enter into the Monafteries -of the Women.

19. Of Burials. The bodies of Hereticksnot to have Chriftiin bu- rial. Tlwfe who deny the Oblations or Legacies of the dead, or refufc to pay them, or conceal their Wills and Teftaments , or deceitfully re- tain them, are to be excommunicated. ♦

• 20. Of Jurifdidion and Vifitation.

21. Of preferving Church-goods, and. not alienating them*

22. Of Seminaries,, Schools,^-and llniverfities.

.i-ii'.-.-'-i.J'i i . ■■ • ■- ,

The Decrees of the ^P/oVincidl CmmcA'of A<3[mtaJ?ricV/t?* hrcited at Bicariges In the month of Septeml^sr^ Anno 1584.

I

N the firft place there is a Form of Confeffion of Faith, by thofe who were prefent in this Provincial Council.

The Index of the Titles,

I. Concerning the Adoring, Worfhipping,;ahd Calling upon God, ■ 2. Concerning Faith.

3. Of the Preaching and Expofiiion of the Word of God.

4. Of taking away the abul'e of the Scriptures.

5. Of avoiding Hereticks.

6. Of Invocation of Saints, and of Feilival dayes.

7. Of Pilgrimages to holy places. No Clerk mny prefunie- to vifft; fuch places without having obtained a licence from"his own Bilhop,, or his Vicar in writing j and before he begin his joarney, he is Hid. to confefs all his fins, and to receive the holy Eucharift. None is to vifir holy places out of curiofiiy , or out of pleafure, or, to view divers Towns and places, but for the amendment of his lift', and the fulfilling of Vows.

8. Of Vigils and Faftings.

5>. Of Churches and Temples'.

10, Of the Relitj^ues of Saints- : The ficil Caaon. was^ c&aL tjie B'i-

%t^t etclcfiafticat ^ttlo^^ cent. 17.

(hops take care, that the honour of Reliques be preached to the people of God. That Reliques are not to be (hewed out of the Box, except it be done out of a fokmn rcanner and cuftom of forae Church, but they are to be kept with honour and reverence. The Reliques of Saints may not be tranflated without the authority of the Pope, or the Bifhop, or a Council. They are to be carryed by Ecclcfiaftical perfons in pub- lick prayers, not by Laicks, unlefs perhaps it be granted them out of ^ an antient and laudable cufto me of Churches and places. II. Of Images- ' 1 2. Of the celebration of the Divine OlBce, of Canonical hours, and the Ecclefiaftical Hymn. I3.0f daily diftributions.

14. Of Boyes-Chorifters : of their age, manners, habit, and learning.

1 5. Of the Ornaments and Veffels of the Church.

16. Of Coemeteriesjthecareofthe Dead, and of Purgatory.

17. Of Traditions.

18. Of the Sacraments in general.

19. Of Baptifra.

20. Of Confirmation.

21. Of Penance, and the parts of it.

22. Of the Eucharift.

23. Of theMafs.

24. Of Order.

25. Of the Clergy.

26. Of Priefts.

27. Of Matrimony.

2 8 . Of Extream Unftion.

29. Of the greater and lefler Seminaries, of Schools and Univer- fities,

30. Of Jurifdiftion.

3 1 . Of Excommunication.

32. Of Archbifhops and Biihops.

3 3. Of a Vifitation, Procuration, andihe perfons to whom the power of Vifiting is given.

34. Of Canons and Chapters.

35 . Of the Redors of Farifh Churches.

36. Of Benefices.

37. Of Monafteries and Religious Houfes.

38. Of things pertaining to the Church.

3 9 . Of Blafphemies -, of an Oath, and of Per jar y, 40. Of Divination by lots, Enchantments, Conjurations, and fuch like Superftitions, 4-1 . Of Simoniacks and Fiduciaries.

' 42. Of

Cent. 17. Of F R A >? C E." ' :p '"' '~ '207

42. Of Concubhiaries. .: ;/;"oF! -^i.rnf^:::! bcfi-jrin

43. Of Hofpitals.

44. Of Confraternities, and Fellowfhips. ^

45. Of Laicks. .-:. .jirD,':»-J? \

46. Of Councils.

This Council was concluded with acclamations to Pope Gregory XIII, toKing //ff«r)i III, to the Patriarch oi Bituriget ^ and to all the Bifhops that were prefent in that Council , wiihing ihem long life, and an happy return to their Churches,

An Indulgence of fourty days was granted by the Patriarch to all. who were prefent in this Synod, and to all people which favoured<fo holy a work with their wifhesand prayers. ■

An Index of the Titles of the Decrees of the Proylncial CoK/id/ c/Aqucns, Anno 1 5 85.

I. /concerning the Profeflion of the Gath'oM faitfi: ' V-y 2. A Form of confeffion of faith,

3 . Of the Rudiments of faith, and the Schools of Chriftian dodrine.

4. Of prohibited Books.

5. Of the Sacraments.

6. Of the Sacrameht df Baptifna,

7. Of the holy Chrifme.

8. Of Confirmation.

Q.Of thofe things which pertain to the Sacrament of the moft holy Eucharift.

10. Of the celebration of the Mafs.

I I. Of the MilTal and Breviary. ^ : ■ ^

12. Of thofe things which pertain t© the Saciament'orpenan'ce.

13. Of Matrimony. ■ .nnq-

14. Of thofe things which pertain to the Sacrament of Extream Unftion.

15. Of thofe things which belong to the Sacrament of Order.

16. Of the WorfliipofFeftival dayes.

17. Ofthelifeandhonefty ofClerks.

18. Of Bifliops : of thofe things in which the Bifhop out of the Council oiTrenty as delegate of the Apoftolical Chair, may and ought. to proceed.

19. Of a Vifitation.

20. Of Sermons, and Preaching the Word of God,

21. Of Canonifts.

22. Of Chapters,

isSi: 1i:!ie etclefiastctil J^iflo^p Cent. 17.

23. Ot" Beneficed perfons, or Manfionaries. • ' ■■;0,'%

24. of Parifh-Priefts, and Curates.

25. Of Residency. ,

26. Of Churches and their Ordaining.

27. Of the Quire.

V28. Ofthe.-Ak?r, /_;..;>„ . ;. _,. . . ..

jlzp. Of the S^r-iftwR'io H3-Ei«fc7,3fl3 01 , II 30. Of the Coeniekries, Bell.y Obfequies,and Funerals. gi. Of Proceflions.

i'32. Of . Indulgences; ,

^■33,:QfReliqpe?. ;»: ' - .

34. Of ExconsmunrcatioD* '.. ..;; v . ;: .■■

35. Of chofe things which pertain to the CoUationof Benefices, and the prefervation of rights and goods.

' 36. Of a Seminary. ,

37. OfaDioce/ii^Synod.

38. Of foraneous Vicars. . .

39. Of Monafteries.

40. Of Nuns, and their VoWsof Chaftityr,. . ; -.:[, nnifn-i:; 'C.'"* ,:

41. Of thofe things which generally faddhgr to thefecCotillitu- tions./ _;; ;c-f- - "V - . , ^~;: j:.-:;V- '"-:'■-■-: '^t.;::"!': .^-

Tbe Titles of the "Decrees of the fPro^ukcial. Cornell of Tholoufe, Anno 1590.

Part I.

Concerning a Profeffion of Faith, 2 . Concerning Bifhops. Concerning Chapters.

4. Concerning Pari b-Priefls,

5. Of Presbyters and Clerks.

6. Of Preachers^ J", T,:^-^?? :.^'

7. Of foraneous Vicars.

8. OfNuns.

3

Part 2.

1. Of Sacraments, aiid things belonging to the Sacraments.

2. OfBaptifrt^

3. Of Confirmation.

4. Of Penance, and Confefiion,

<f. Of

Cent. 17. of FRANCE.

5. Of the Eucharift, and the holy Communion.

6. Ofthe celebration of Mafles.

7. Of the Sacrament of Order.

8. Of Matrimony.

p. OfemrcmeUndion.

10. Ofcaretobe had for the dead, and of their Funerals and bu- rials.

1 1 . Of the Relicks, and Images of Saints.

12. Of Indulgences.

13. Of prohibited meats and a difpenfation of them. *

14. Of Holy-daies and their veneration.

15. Of Vows, and Religious Pilgrimages.

Part 3.

1. Of Churches , Chapels, Altars, and other things of like fort.

2. Of Oratories fcituate in the way.

3. Of Schools andFellowlhipsofChriftianDoArine.

4. Of Univerfitics and CoUedges.

5. Of Seminaries of Clerks.

6. Of Hofpitals,houfes'for Lepers, and other pious places.

7. Of confraternities and fellowfhips.

Part 4. .

1. Of Excommunication.

2. Of Ecclefiaftical jurifdiSion , and the judicial Court of a Bi/hop.

3. Of letting to hire, or the Alienation of Benefices, and Ecclefi- aftical things.

4. Of Tenths and Oblations.

5. OfSimony.

6. OfProvifions, and renouncing of Benefices.

7. OfRefidency.

8. Of a Vifiitation.

9. Ofthe right of Patronage.

10. Of the holy Inquifition.

1 1. Of prohibited Books.

12. OfHereticks, Magicians, Sooihfaicrs, and Aflrologers.

13. OfBIafphemy.

14. OfUfuries.

15. Of pious Teflaments and Legacies.

Dddd 16. Of

20p

210

i6. Of exempt, and priviledged perfons.

17. Of the tilings which generally belong to thefc Decrees,

The Admonkions of the Synod of the Clergj. of Franee^ Jjfanhkd at Paris, in the year v'^^'^. and 1596, jcnt into the FrQ<^inces of FrancCj for rejj:ortng tl?e flate of the Qmrch. _ ,

The Index oj the Titled

I. T°^^:^ conciles Provinciaiix, concerning Provincial C(DunciI?».

§ y 2.1>e la J^acame anx. Prelatures, of Vacancy to Bi=. fliopricks.

3. Des Btovtjtotis abiijives decs temps, of the abufivc Provifiohsofc leneiice.s..

4. Of Simonies and Gonfidences,, '

5. Des Syndiss Diocefainsi of 1?/(7C^« CbmraiiTtoners,

Thep foUovneth,

Advkde I' tAjfmhle'e du C LERG E de l" Ah. 1598. envop' dux Trovinces, contre Us Oecommats fpiritHels, ^ confiitutions des Menjions aux. fey fotmes fecnliers fur les Benefices.

The Admonition of the Aflembly of the Clergy of France at Pkrk^ Anno 15,98. fent into the Provinces of itri«w^, againft fpiritual OecQ?^. ijoojies, and Pcnfions upon Benefices granted.toLay perfons,

T/;e St:atutes of the Affembly of the-Qergy of^tznct at Paris J Anno 1606. for. the Adminijiration of Bcdep- fajlical jurifdiBion..

Then feEm-,

THe Decrees- of the Provincial Council oiNarboiu. Which are of the fame nature with "the Decrees of Divers of the former CouncilPo This Council aiTerabled Anno 16091

A Council AiTembled at Aquens, to eenfure a Book l^e Bcc-Uji- afika & Politica^otiftate^ of EccleSallics.l and Politick power.

Ano-

of FRANCE. 211

Another Aflembly of the Ckrgy olFrance met at Paru^ Anno 1615. for tfie reception of the Council oiTrent.

A Provincial Council was congregated at Bourdeaax, Anno 1624. in the month of September : the Decrees whereof were of the fume kind with fomeofthe foregoing Councils.

There was alfo a General Council of the Clergy of France, AflVm- bled a.t Paris, Anno 1625.

Divers Propofuioins were collefted out of a Book fet forth in EngUjli^ Entitled , Apologia pro rnodo procedtndi Sa.nQ:£ fedk Apofiolica, in regendii Catholtcis Anglic, durante perfecutionii tempore ^ c/im de- ' fenfioneStat'uf BcUgioJi. AiicJore Daniele ajefa.

Then followeti: an Epiftle of the Cardinuls, Archbifhops, and Bi- fhops, then ading at Paris, to the Cardinals, Archbifhops, and B:- fhops through France, corTCfrning the condemning of two Volumes, to which thefe Titles are prefixed,

1. TraiBez des DroiUs & Libertez.df I' £glifeGullicane.

2. Preuue des Libertez. de I' Eglife GMuC-^ne,' February 14.

1639.

The firfl: Council of the Province of P*2w,under Francis de ^ondy,{hs firft Arcbbifhop oi Paris, in {he time of Pope VrbanVlU. andKing- Lewfs XIII. was celebrated in the year 1640. againft a Book enti- tuled, Optati Galli de cavefidofchifmate, &c.

Whofoever fhall defiic to be fatisfied fully concerning the French Cardinals, I fhall refer him to a Book entituled, Gallia PnrpHrata.

Of the linirvcrjlties 0/" France.

TarU.

PArls (ihe Metropolis ) is the firfl, and niofl: antient Univerfity of France. Erafmm faith, That Lutctia Acadewiariim omnium Regina^ Taris is the Queen of all Univerfiiies. The Emperour Ch.irles the Great inftituted this famous Univerfi y. Having made a League with Ar- chaius King of Scots, he entreated that King to fend unto him Pro- fefTdurs of the Greek and Latin Tongues, and of other Learning for his Univerfity of P^is. Archains fent unto him the forfniencioncd Aldtinw^oi Atbiniij, John Melrofe ( fo named from ihe Abbey ..Wt/- ro/e) Claudifu^ Qemens, and A>:t\:ony. Flortntnu reckonech them among Heretick?, who followed the Greek Church, becaufe ihey op- pofed the ^owj/j Rites, Tlie Kings ol' Fr.uice have beautified

this llniveriiiy from time to time, with many fumptuous Edifices, en- dowed it with many great Ptiviledgcs and Princely Kcvcnues. The

Ddd d i princi-

Z 11

%^t €cclefia(ltca!i^tfto;tp

principal CoUedges are the Scrhorne , and the CoUedge of Na

King Levies IX. by tht Counfel of KoS^rf of Scr^^K (which took his firnatne as they fiy from the place oF his Nativity) his Almoner and Confcflbur, erefted a CoUedge of Divines, which retains the name of Sorhon. Pupe Clement IV. confirmed the foundation of this Colkdge. He that anfwereth there continueth frotn morning to- nighr.

The CoUedge of Navarre was founded by Joan Queen o{ France and Navarre, Aino J304. She hkewife enriched this CoUedge with an excellent Library.

The greateft part of the young Princes,. Lords, and Gentlemen in f r^-r«cf,are cuflomarily nourifhed and inftrufted in this CoUedge. ?ettr de ^///^caChancellour of ?a.ri6^ hath befto';:vcd fo much on this CoUedge,. that he is eftcemed as a fecond foun.dc!;.

faiUiiers^

Po/SjVrj is an Univerfity, efpecially for the CivU Law, and a See lipifcopal. It was crefted under [harks VII. King oiFrance, and confirmed by Pope Etigemnt IV. Scaliglr in his Cities thus fpeaks- «fit,

_\ Si ftudiunjeft anipj(ty veniunt a cor fore virei -^

Galliaque a, merit is fo felt utrn7nqice fibi. H&c fiudtisj alii belli exercentur amore.

Pictavium efi animusy c/ttera corpus erunt.

John Capniofj^ and Chriftophortu Longolim^ were ProfefTours here.-

Lions,

Lions is pleafantly feated on the confluence of the Soajne, and the Rhoffie, anciently a Roman Colony (teiufiedbymany old InfcriptionsJ and honoured with a magnificent Temple, dedicated by the Cities of France to AJiguftm C<gfar ; now the mofl famous Mart oi France, and an Univerfity, which is very ancient, being a feat of Learning, in the time of Caim Cnligitla. For in thofe times before an Altar confecrated to Angnflm dufar in the Temple forementioned, this Ca- "gula did inllitute fome Exercifes of the (jreekjixA Roman Eloquence i. the ViAor to be honoured according to his merit, Crc. The Archbi- fhop hereof is the Metropolitan of aU£r^wf.

Anglers.

of FRANCE. 113

i Anglers,

In it is anUniverfity founded by Lew^j' the Second^ Duke of (i^»/o«j the Son of King ^o^/?, about the time that i?«p?r/^/« P-sZ/^r^jt/f of ^i««e founded Heidelberg '\n Germany, about the year 1546^, Icflourifheth in the Study of the Latine efpecialJy. HenryValok, Brother to King Charles IX. augmented the fame. He invited thither m:iny very Learned Scholars, among the which wis fraftcis Baldwin, who thete- ineftabUlhed the profeffion of the Civil Law. Ourof this Univerfity caxne Johannes Bodintu. .

Avignon.

It is an ancient City oiTrovtnce fcituated on the Bank ofModania^ wherein is an Univerfity of long continuance. In this City are faid to be feven Palaces ; feven Parifh-Churches ; feven Monafteries •, feven Nunneries : feven Inns, and feven Gates. Po^pe Clement V. tranf- ferred the Papal Seat from Rome into this City, where it remained feventy four years. It was made an Univerfity at the time of the Pope^s firft. fetling here, and fo itftill continueth.

Alciat the great Embiematift was here Profeflbr, and taught the Law. Fetrm Cafirenfts a Lawyer, by fundry Learned Works he wrote, much ennobled this Univerfity,

Orleans.

It is a rich and plentiful City pi iced on the Bank of the River Loire, . Some write, That the foundation of this City was laid by AureUan the Emperour, Anno 276. and from him was called Aurelia, which ■ name it retaineth unto this day : In this City was ereded anUniver- fity by P^/7«/7 the fair, Kingof fr<?«c<?, Amo 13 12. Here the Civil-*, Law is Learnedly profefied, and this Univerfity by divers Learned Writers hath been often entitled the Nurfe or Mother thereof.

Boitrges,

It is a famous Univerfity, called by Learned men the Ornamerit of ■ Letters, and habitation of the Mufss. It was long fince founded by a certain Duke o(Boierges, but afterwards in proc<jfs of time falling to 1 decay, and being almoft utterly extinft, it was again reftored by fundry Kings of France, It was authorized and endowed with many gCeat priviledges and high prerogatives by Pope Pa;U the fecond of that name. Here Alciate, Rebuffs, Duarenm^ Hotoman, B-onctliu^

and

214

%^t eaizMmmi^inmv

and Cnjacm ( famous Lawyers ) lived and taught with great ap- plaufe. . .

Caeti.

Itis aCityofiVor»«^W_y, featedupon the River 0>-«c, fecond inrei :pmation of the whole Province, and famous for the Sepulchre of Willi- am the Conquerour. An Univerfity was erefted here by Henry V. King of England, who after many glorious Conquefts atchieved againft die French King, he at laft bereaved him of Normandy^ Anno 1418. In token and memory of which Viftory, as a perpetual Trophy and Monument of his glory, he caufedtobe hidin Caen the foundation of .this Univerfity. The Archbifhop of i>^/^/z« was the firft Reader of Divinity there. In this Univerfity lately flourifhed Bochart that Learn- ed French Divine.

Rhetties.

It is the Metropolis of Cham^aigne, wherein not long fince was ereded an Univerfity by Charles Gmfe^ Cardinal of Lorrain^ Arch- bifiiop and Duke of .^^fwe^. In this Univerfity among other Coliedgcy, there is one appointed for the education of young Englijb fugitives.

The Archbifhopof thisSeeis one of the twelve Peers of fr^jwc^. The French Kings are anointed at Rhemes (it is faid) with the oyl wherewith St. Remigim had anointed Clovis the firft Chriftian King of France.

BonrdeaHX.

It is the chief City ofAquitah, feated on the South Bank ofttie Ga^

rond, not far from the Sea, among the Marifhes. An Univerfity was foiunded hereby King LevnesXl. and a large Cathedral. Here Au^ /o«?f«j. that famous Poet, was born and educated.

Tholoufe.

It is the chief City of La/^guedoc, and one of the greateft in all France ; fo ancient that feme report it to be built when Deborah Judged IfraeL It is the feat of an Archbifhop, and an Univerfity. Popz John XXII. firft inftituted tlie Univerfity, which enjoycth the fame priviled- £es that heretofore have been granted unto Paris.

N,f-

of FRANCE.. 215

Nifmes,

It was antiently a Colony of the Romans, now a Bifhops See, where there remain feme marks of the iJow^» greatnefs, efpecially theruines of a fpacious Palace built by the Eraperour ^^m« ■, in it an Univerll* ty- was lately ereded-

Mdtitfelier.

It is a City in Languedocj not far from the Mediterranean Sti ^ it is fcituate on a high Mountain, as the name iciporceth. Here is an Univerfity for the Study ofPhyfick, and for that very cummodioufly,' feated ^ the Country round about affording great variety of medicinal Herbs. Out of this Univerfity many famous Phyfitians have proceeded, wz.. GemiliSf infigm AvicemiA Commentator , Falcoj Argenteriiu^. DalechampKSt Rondeletim, f^aleriola, Jacobus Fontanm, Laurentim Joubertpu^ Aidreas haurentiiu, infignis Anatomes[eripor..

Bifanfon,.

It is the Metropolis 0^ Burgundy^ feated between two Mountains oil the Banks of the River Dohx, by which it is almofl: encompafTcd.

In the year 1540. afmall Univerfity was founded here by the autho-- rityofPope Jidim III. and the Emperour C/?<?r/f ^ V. which hath fince: flouriQ-iedexceedingiy.

Dole,

It is a City in Burgundy. Anciently it was an Univerfity for thie- Study of the Civil Lawes ■, here Carolus MoUn^w publickly taughc; the Law. Bat now the Univerfity is devoured by a Colledge of Je-- fuites, who fearing left the Dodrine of the Reformed Churches might creep in among the people, not only have debarred them the ufe of the Proteftants Books, but have exprefiy forbid them to talk of God, ei-

ther in a good fort or in a bad.

J^ahnce,

It is a City in Daulphine'-^ the chief City heretofore of the FMo/ti/ri,. then a Roman Colony, now aEiOiopsSce, and an Univerfity for the (Sivil Laws.

^ E l: N I Su.

The Table of the Firft Part.

A.

Page

ABiey of St. Badour. 34

Ahlejf of Lexovien. 3 i-

Abbey of Shclles^ 34

Abbey of St. GMus. 56

Agelom a Mof2i{^ of Luxovia. 61 Agobard Bifiop of Lyons. 62

Agoiland the Saracen^ his Treache- ry and Death. 56 AlcuinuSj a Learned Man , in the time of Charles the Great, p. 41 Covernour of the Monadery of St. Martin. 45 Alcimus Bi/bop of Vienna. 27 Amandus 5?/&^/>^/Bourdeaux. 13 Amandus Bipop of Paris. 33 D'Amboife, and Afcanius Cardi- nals. 185 The Bifiop (?/ Amhian, a great Law- yer^ againji the Fry art hearing of Confejjions^ d^c. 1 48 The Battel at Agin- Court , where ten thoufand French vpere flain.

163 Alanus of Charfres j Secretary to

K/«^ Charles Vir. Antonius de Rofellisj a famous Reader of the Law, 172

Andoclus a Martyr. 8

Angifus Abbot of Lobien. 5 6

Ambrofe Ansbert a good Writer.

67

Page Anfelm BiJJjop of Ladn , leirayeth Charles of Lorrain with his IVife and children unto his Ene- mies. 6^ The Cardinal of Ar]es. 171 An Ajfembly of the Prelates at Tours, eaUed by King Lewes

xrr. 186

AponiuSj a Writer of divers Books.

Jacobus Amiotus, Abbot of Belle- fona. 209

Aphordifius, firjl Fajlor of Bour- ges7» France. 2

A great Army againji the Albigen- ics. 104

Arnalf, Bifiop of Orleans, againli the Pope^s power over the French BiJIiops. 69

Arnulph BifiopofMttz^a Learned and good Man, 3 2

Arnulph, a fmgtdar Treacher. 85

George, Cardinal <?/ Armignag.

214

AvituSj Bifliop of Vienna 5 he con- verted the Buigundians to the Faith of Chriji. 2 2

Audoenus, Bifjop of Roven. 3 5

Auftregefil, Bifiop of Bourdeaux,

E e e e

53

Bavo

The Table

Page

B.

I Avo, a. Robber j Converted by Amandu?. 33

CardwdL Bettone, Arch-Eijloop of

Avignon. 174

Peter Bertrand, Bipop of Edvea, ; his Speech. 1 56

Theodore Beza, a Learned Prote-

ftaut Divine, his Workj. 216 Ereqaeut Meetings of BJjfjops at Or-

le^ins. 2 2, 23

Bertrara, an Holj Min^ andjingular

IFriler. , 64

Berengarfus, {he firfl that veas ac-

comtled an Heretick^ for denying

■ Tranfubjiantinttof?. , 73 ^Qxn&id.^ a Monk^oj C\\ignj. 190 $t^ Bernard, Abbot of Clarevaux

hisjiory.- 87,88,89

Ann du Bourg, a famous Prote-

ftant, burnt for the Truth. 214 VViHiatn Briffpnuetj^ .G^<^/;/ French

Eifhip. . ' 193

Peter de Bruce, he Freacheih a-

gaipfl the Popes. 92

Hfipe Boniface VHF. sffrmeth that

the Rrilm of France is a Bene' fice of the Papd Majejjy. p. 1 2 7.

■ He put France under an htter- di£f. ibid. He invcjieth the Em- perour Alberj^ King of France.

128

, Bruno, the Founder of the Order of

the Carthufians. ' 83

^cen^hlAnQhworfjippeth St, Ed-

Page mond 4* Canterbury. 112

Williarn Budxus, Secretary to King Francis L his Library- keep er, and aftervpards his CounfeUonr :, his works. i8p

Cardinal Beljay. jbid

William Bellay, a Learned Hoble- man. i^q

Stephen Brulifer, a DeUor of Sor- bon, ^WFrancifcao. 172

C.

John Calvifl, his Learning and Indiifirioufnefs. 195

Dr. John Caftellan , a fincere Preacher of the fFord in France, and Mirtyr. 19^

The beginning of the Ciftercian Or- der. 83

Clevis I. the frfl ChriHian King of France, his fiory from 1 8

ad 22

CxCaims Bifjop of Atks, 22

Charles the Great made Ei/!perour of the IVefl by the Pope. 44

He fubdueth the Saxons, and redti- ceth them t& the Chrifiian Faith.

45 Claudius, Bifiop of Auxerre. 41

Jodocus Clichtoveus, a Learned Man of Paris. , 184 ,

Phiiip deCommines, an Hijiorio" grapher. lyg;

King Charles Vfl. redmethalltohis obedience, ts>hich Ts>as fubdued to the Englifbj except Calais. 1 64

Whrn-.:

The Table.

2

24,25

23,24

26

35

Page

when the Cardinals were firji flmt

tip in a CeMclave at the ElcQion

of the Pope. 120

Charles oj Guife, Arch^BiJJ}■^p of

Rhemes , and Charles <?/ Ven-

doimtmadeCdrdiria.li. 206

Crefcens one of ihs firji Preachers

in France. Columban, an Holy Man. Councils at Matifcon. A Council at Orleans. A Council at Poidtiers. A Council at Auxerre. Councils at Cabillon, or Chalon

34 & 52 ACoyncilatFt^ncMoid. 42

A Council at Mentz. 46

Councils at Rhemes. 48, 68^

^9, 84, 89

A Council at Clermont. 80

A Council at Tours. 49

A Council at Aries. ■ 54

Councils at Lyons. ^7.jit& 11^

Councils at Paris. 5 8 d^ 9 3

A Council at Meaux. 59

A Council at Piftis. ibid

A Council at Acciniacum. 60

A Council called by Pope John in

France. 64

A Council at SoifTons. 9 9

A Council at Bourges. 1 06

The Council of Conftance. There

it was decreed , thtt a Council

lawfullj/ ajfembled is above the

Pope. 162

Charles fAe Great bjnijheth the Am-

brojian fervice^ and cjiabli/fjeih

Page the Gregorian, 5 5

A general Complaint made againfi . the Clergy of France, bj the Court of France, and all the Judges of France accujing them of many a.' bufes. . 145

D.

Ing Dagobert built the Tempk , of St. Denis, which hathfince been the Sepulchre of the French Kings. 32

Francis Duraneus, a Learned Law- yer. 208. Durandus, a famoifs Lawyer and Divine, I423 145 Dionifius, Bifioop of Paris. 9

ELigtas, a BiJJjop. 35

Claudius EfpencjEUSj 4 Do&or of Sorbonj his Learned Writings

191 Eucherius, Eifijop of Lyons. 1 5 Euflafi'us, ^i^i?* of Ltxovien. 32 Exuperius. B7/7j^/?<5/ Tholoufe. 13

F.

JAcobus Faberj^J learned French- man. Fdrel and Calvin were his Scholars. 183

Fauftus. of an Abbot made Bifhop of R.h gium in France. 20

France divided into divers faUi" e e e 2 ons

The Table.

Page ons in the time tfhen King Hen- ry V. invaded it. l6^

Fulco 5 Arch-Bjfiop of Rbemes. niurxhered in the Council of Rheraes. 68 ^

Fulbert, Biflw^ of Ghartres, a lear- ned Man. 72

FurfiuSj Foilan, and Ultan , huilt Monalieries in France. 35

King Francis ike firfl^ a founder of Learning in Fans. 190

^ contention between the Fryars oj

Paris, and the French Prelates.

148,149, 150

GAndericus , 'Bifloop of Lyons. 34 Robert Gagwin^^ French Hifio-

rian. I S3

John Gerfon, a fantom Divine oj

PariSj his Learning and Workj.

1(54, 1^5 Gerebert, Arch-Bijliop of Rhemes.

p.yo.He wrote ihs.Jplogy of the

"Fxtnch church. 7 1

Gotterchalk5./;Af opinionf. 65

Godfrey of Bovijlonj chdfen King

of Jcrufalem. 83

Gratian, a Preacher at Tours. 9 GratiaDj/iie compiler of the, Pope's

Decrees.. lOI

Gregory, Bijloop of Tours. go A- Jirife between, the Gray Fryars.

prelates^ and D.oUors of Paris.

114,115

Page

Gregory de Arimino oppofeth the Parifian DoBors in the Article of Jujiification. Tope Gregory Xlf. tran/lates^ his Seat bacl^. again from Avignon to Rome. 152,

153

when the Gofpel began to be Preach^

ed in France by Peter Sebevilla.

192

Gul. de Sto. Amore , a Do&or of

Paris. Ill

Gul. de alta. Petra, BiJ/jop of Par

ris. 108

Guilem, an Abbot , he wrote the

Life of St. Bernard. 92

Weflelus Gansfort, a Majierin the

Vniverfity of. Paris. . 172

Ayabad a Francifcan, Preach- ed in Avignon before Pope Clement, thai the Church of Kome is the IVhore ^/ Babylon^ and the Pope and his CardinaU are Antichriji. 147

King Henry If.: ^il/'d by Earl Montgomery with a Lancs^

215 . King Charles Yl, puts the bearer of the Pope's Bulls to thepunifliment. called the Honorary Amendsr

ibid

King Henry V. of England warreth

in France, and dyeth there. 164

Henry VI. an Infant;,?s. Crowned K*

at Paris. ibid

Herer

The Table.

Page Herebald, Bjfiop of Auxerre. 62 li\[dGi>tn^Arch-BtJf3op of Tours.

78 Hinckmarus Arch-bijhop ef Rhemes

60361

Hinckmarus, Biflw^ of Laon. 60

Hilary , BiJJiop of Poidiers in

France. ri

Hilary, firSl BiJJiop of Aries. 1 5

L

IiReoJEUS, his fiory. 6, 7, 8

Jews bani^jed out of France, by King Dagobert. p. 33. And bji Philip Auguftus. 93

Ivo, Arch-BipJop of Chattres, a Faf fil to rope Urban IL He wrote divers Epijiles to him. 79, 80 Joan of Arc, her Story, her Valour, SucajSand Death. 1 6^

Indulgences granted to divers Chur- ches, Brother-hoods , and Hofpi- talf. 218,219,220

rope John XXII. erf Se^/z/je Church of Tholoufe into an Arch-Bi- fiopric^: and divided the Dio- cejs of Tholoufe into fix Bi- JhopricI{S. 144

King John and his Son Philip are taken Prifoncrs by Edward the Blacky Prince, and carried into England, 148

James de Paradifo of Chartres, he wrote a little after the Council of Eafil, 1 70

Page

L.

L

Ahdilenus, Bipop of Vieana.

Lzzzius, Jirji Pajior of Marfeilles.-

2. Good Laws ena&ed by King Lewes IX. 116

A League among the French Nobi- lity again ft the Pope. ' 1 1 y , Launmarus <?f ChartreSj « renowu" ed Fryar. 2 2

Leporius 4.Frenchi?/(?«^5^ Nefto- rian. 20

A Letter fent in the name of St. Peter. 39

Vincentius Lirinenfis. He wrote a- gainB the Pelagians and .Nefto- rians. 18

The Emperonr -Lewes imprifoned in the Monaliery of St. Medard at Soiffons. 57

Lotharius becometh a Monk, in the Abbey of Pluviers. IVhen the Pope's Legates came firfi to the Councils of France. * 59 - Y^ing Lewes IX. lujl all his Army and ■ himfelf, with his two Brethren, , Alphonfo^Wi^ Charles, are taken Prifoners in Egypt. H?

The Principal Laws obfcrved in the Creation of the Pope. 120, 121 Lupus, BijJjop of Troyes. . 17 LupuSj- Btfiop of Sens. 33

Lupus, Abbot of Ferraria. 63 ,

Letters pafjed between King Philip •

the..

The Table,

Page the fair, and Boniface VIII.

1283 129

A Letter of the French Trelates

fent to Fope Boniface VIH. 131,

132

Ma^y Lutherans commanded to be

put to death in Paris by King

'^Henry IL 207

M.

CLaudiusMammertus^///^^;' of Vienna. 17

Margaret §ltteen of Navar, Sifier to Kit:g Francis i. her memoir es^ and poetical worhj. 19 1

'A Table of French Martyrs, 1753

ad 200 Martyrs <«/ Lyons and Vienna 3,

458CC.

Mauriceg BiJIiop s/Aojou. 13

Martial converted divers Provinces

and People in France ^<? the Faith.

1 Rabanus Mamas, famom in the V- Kiverjtty of Paris. 6 2

St. Martin, Bipop of Turin. 1 3 The Monajiery of St. Martia near Paris, f^Z'ei^des Champs, 73 John le Mayre, a French Hijiorian

183

MineriuSj di crKc/ Perfecutor of the

Albigenfes 7« /j6e Tovpn of Aix

in Provence. 203

Maximus, builder of the Micians

Monaslery, 2 2

Page

MaximinuSj/r/2 Pajior <?/ Aquens.

2 Masiminus, a Fryar of Orleans.

22 John Melrofcj Abbot of the Augu-

ftinians.

41

Francis Morellus, Prefident in a Sy nod of the Proteftants. 211

N.

William Nagaretta, Profeffour of the Laws , hts Declara- tion and Appeal againft Pope Bo- niface Vin. at PariS; before the , King and his Council. 120

Nicholas de Clemangiis, a learned French-man, he wrote again fi. the ahufes of the Popes^ and Court of Rome. 1 66

O.

ODilo, Abbot of Clugny, made Arch-Bifiop of Lyons. 173 Odo, BjfI:>op of Baieux. . yy Nicholas Orera, he Freacheth before the Pope and his Cardinals at A- vignon. 152

P.

Athlas Parifienfis 5 proveth LYJ. that the Fope is Antichriji.

15s

The Paftorelli, and their Dejiru&i-

on, ■ 114

Pafcha-

The Table.

Page

Pafchafius Rathbert, Abbot of Cor-

bey. (^4

Paul of Pifa, Tutor to Charles ihe

Great. 4 f

Peregrinus, when he fiourijijed. 1 7

Vhi\a{\tms, BiJJjop of ^reuTi. 13

Philip the Apojile^ faidfirjl to have

Preached the Go/pel in France.

I PoftelluSj a learned French-man.

190 Peter CaftellaOj Eipop of Orleans.

191 Peter Abailard^dw Antitrinitarian.

100 Peter, Eifiop of Clugny. 91

Peter, a Monk^ of Paris. soo

Peter Cantorj he ivrote agaitjji the Vope^ andthe Maf-Priejh. 101 Peter Lombard, Bijloop of Paris, iheMaJieroftheSeKtences. 10 1 Peter de Cugneriis hk Oration.

The Appeal of Kifig Philip -^/je fair agah/Ji Pope Boniface VIII. at Pa- ns. I go

Articles r?/ William de Plefiano Kfright^ read agaitjji Boniface Vlir. at Paris. ibid.

Peter de Aliaco, Cardinal <?/ Cam- bray, and Chancellour of Paris.

169

The Pragmatic Sandion of King Charles VII. fnji made in a ^^• nod affembled at hoUTges, 168

An Arreji of the Farliament of Pa- ri$3 againji the Pope's exa&ions

Page

of Annates ?« France. 159

Projeftus, B//7;<?p (/ Marfeilles. 33

The St@ry of Peret the Hermit^ a.

French Pilgrim. 80, 8 1

Profper of Aquitain , when he

flour ifloed. 17

s

T. Quintin, a Preacher and Mar-^ tyr. 9

R.

13 Emigius, Bifjop of Khemes- he ■»- *-- baptized K'wg Clovis , and 3000. of his Souldiers with him,

20

Remigius, Biffjop of Lyons, he de- fended the Dotlrine of GotteP- chalk. 63

Robert the Norman refufeth the Kingdom of Jerufaiem. 83

Jobn Rochetalada Preacheth, that the church of Rome is the IVhore of Babilon, i&c. and is burnt at Avignon. " '47 "

Rufticus, a Mart jr. 9,.

Thomas Pvhedon, a French Carmen lite. 172

S.

SAIvianus, Biffjop of Mairfeillesa 17 So\omm a good Writer. ibid

Salonius, £;/;,?^ (?/ Vopinga. 26

Sagitarius

The Table.

page

Sagitariusj BjJIjo^ of Ebreduna.

SaturniouSj^iie firf Bipop of Tho- loufe. 9

Paulus Sergius, firji Bijloof of Nar- bonz» France. 2

^i^^z^izn^, a Martyr. II

Sidonius Apollinaris,/*/;^ Bipopof Glermont. 16

Henry SteyenS:,a»eIKoheTthif Son, Henry, Robert's Son, and Paul the Son of that Henry, all learn- ed Men^ and Printers. 204

Great contention between the Ma-

Jiers of Sorbon in Paris, and the

Preaching Friars. II 4

Serenus, Bi/hop <7/MarfeilIes. '27

The SeH^ and Order of Monkj cal- led Stellati , inftitnted by King John. 152

The great Schifm between the French

and Italian Cardinals^ after the

Death of Pope Gregory XI. about

- the choice of the Pope. 155

TRophimus , firfl Bijhop <f Aries, I

Theodorus

Bifiop <?/ Marfeiiles. 30

page Theyetj a learned French-man.

190

V.

Vlftorinus of Aquitain. 21. A Synod at Verceles againfl Berengarius. 74

An AJembly of BiJJjops at Vicenas.

138

A book written in France, called the

Vergers Dream. 154

Pet^r-Viret, an Eloquent French

Divine. jp^

Francis Varablus, Regis Profejfbr

of the Hebrevp Tongue in Paris,

his Workj. 205

w.

WUlfarius, Arch-bipop of Rhemes. 48

William, Arch-biJIjop of Tyre , a very learned Man. 93

The Waldenfes, their Original ^ and DoQrine. 96

X

X. Yftus, frfi Pajior <?/ Rhemes.

The end of the Table of the firft part.

The Table of the Second Part.

page

page

A.

B.

AN Ajfembly of the Clergy in the Abbey of St. German.

A provincial Council at Aix z» Pro- vence. 42 An Ajjembly of the States at Blois.

Antoine du Verdier. 1 1

Ah Ajfembly of the Keformed Chnr-

chej at S^umnr. 10 1

A National Ajfembly of the Prote-

ftants. 142

An Ajfembly of the Bifhops and Cler-

gy of France, at Paris. 128

Johannes Auratus, Regius Vrofeffor

z« Paris. 10

Anthony Sadeel, a good Treacher

and i^riter. ibid

Adrian Turnebus, Trofeffor of

rhilofophy and Greek, '» Paris.

ibid Andrew Tiraquel 5 an excellent

Lawyer 8

Antoin de Chandieu, a Learnedi

French Divine. lo

Andreas de Chefne, Hifhriogra-

pher to the King of France.

10

THe Abbot of Bloys writes «- gainfi the book^ of Mariana *Ae Jefuit. loi

The Lady Katherine de Bonrbonj Sijier to King Henry IV . marry* ed to the Duke of Bar, fjje was a frm Proteftant. 85

A Woman of Burgundy hiUeth 18 (tck, German Souldiers. $tt

Briquemald and Cavagnes , dyed conjiantly in the Faith. 26

John Bodin, a great Statefman, hit fpeech andworkj. 3 5

Renauld of Beaune, Areh-bip}op of Bourges, his fpeech. '40

The Duke of Bovillon , Trince of Sedan, iurneth PapiU. 122

B/>/^ of theprefent King of France.

153

Guide de Bres, an Holy Martyr.

Gulielmus Saluftius Bartaffius, an exce^Uent Poet. ibid

Ffff

John

The Table.

Page

t:.

John Gaftle perceth King Henry IV. his upper Lip , &c. and k executed. 8 3

Father Cotton, hh ridiculom Ser- m-on. ^ ~ 8&

A tbnferefscebefmen Ou Moulin, and Ciyer. 88

C'of^ference between the 'Wjbdp of EvereuxW»i:/Du Pleffis Morney

'^Atifrv College built hyktng fen-

ry IV.,«* la Fleffie. 9>

'A conference betrveen Du N/toulin,

^'and Father Gontier, <« Jefuit.

ACongreghfionof Freijch Fir elates.

ACoUvqH^at PoUy z« France, ie- ttx>eenthe Popifh Do&ors, and the Proietkant Minijiers. 5,6

J^hnCrbyj<J Learned French Di- vine. 10

A Conference at Fle'x. §.^

A Conference beivpeen the German and Frmch Dwines at Mom- pdgart. ^ 45

A Council ofJixteeninl^'a.iK. 53

Robert Conftantine , a Learned French -man. 19

An affront put upon the Duk^e of

Crequi at Rome, and the effeSs

thereof. ^77, 178

Jacobus QujaciuSj a. great Lamjer.

Pa&e

D.

LAmbertus Danasus , a French Divine of Orleans. 7 1

The Death of the Bifhop of Char-

tres, who had^been Confeffour to . CardinalBSchYitxx. 171

Dionifiiis LimbintiSj a Learned

French- irian. 2-4.

the French Divines anfwer and

ceitfurethe Boo\ ^/ Sanfterelfus

the Je(uit. it 2

fhe l>eath of King LtWes XlfL

1^0 Daniel Chamierj<« /e<«^«e(3? French- mad. 107- Daniel TilenuSj Trofeffor at Sedan.

■ %

A N Edi9 mide dgiinji Duels. 1\ 129,

Father Edmonds, Trior of the Co- vent of Jacobines executed.

70

^e'en Elizabeth'^ Xerter to King

Henry IV. vpon change of his

Religion. Bo

French Exiks..,at^ Mpnjpekart.

Anthoajp

The Table.

r.

Page Page

Many places in Fnace^ /tele mth tie GuiQan Fa&ioa* 43

ANthony Faius, a good French Divine , and Abraham his

Son^ iheir vpork/. 50

John Fernelius, a learned French

Fhyjieian. 8

A difference between the Bijhop and

the Fryars in France. 145

A fore Famine in Paris. y6

Francis Cupif a Sorbon Doiior,

tnrneth Protcftaat : his Cenjitre.

152

fijhet called Surdonnes , fent by God's providence to the relief of the Poor at Rochel , dnring the

Siege. 27

G.

TUe Duke of Guife , and the Cardinal of Guife flain. 59, 60 A League of the Guifian FaUion.

Gilbert Genebrard , a Divine of Paris. 10

Paul Gondy, Arch-bijhop of Co- rinth, and Cardinal de Rhetz.

H«nrico Gaetano , fent Legat by the Pope to the League of France.

The Guifian League fworn in Tho- loMCe^bytheblac^Penitentt. 45

King Henry III. curfeth the Citx of Paris, p. 55. he is mur- thered by a Jacobine Monl{. 67 Michael Hofpitalius, ChanceUour of France, an oppofer of vpickfd Counfds.agninji the Proteftants,

29

King Henry IV. embraceth the Ro*

manCatholick, Religion, p. yg.he

is tfturthered by Kivilhc. ^J

h

THeJefuits rejioredin France^

Julius Cxfar Scaliger, and Jofepa Scaliger, very learned Men, 9

L.

ALiJi of the Proteftant Chur* ches in France lately dentoli-

fied. 189,190,191

The latter Councils of France, fince

the Council of Tt&m. 192, &e. The Laws of a Seminary College, p.

194. and that of Bourdeaux itt

particular, 199, 200

A Letter of King Henry III. to the

King of Navar. 41

/

Ffff 2

Charles

The Table.

Page

M.'

C Harks Marillac Bijhop of Vi- enna. 2

Auguft. Marlorar, Mimjier of the Reformed Church at Roven, hart' gedbjtheGnx^nxM. 17

Clement Marot, a fatnom French- foeU _ 17

lU blood) Maffacre of the Prote- ftants «/ Paris. 23,24

Peter Merlin, a learned French Divine. 24

John Morinuf, a Learned- Papift.

19

Muretus, an eloquent Writer. \y

Dnke of MoatiHorency beheaded,

144

Papyrius MafToniuSj^ Writer of the French Chronicle. 1 1

C^««# Montgomery taken ^dnd put to death. 28

A^ndrew Melvin, his Ferfes. \ 29

Michael Montaign, his Wor^;, and when he fvuriped.- ;,'* ,'> 50

Cardinal Mazarine wade- prime Minifier of State, p. 1 64. he ralfelh a jiatel) Librarji./p..l6^. his Death. • •.v;i75

John Mercer j a learned French- man , Succejfor of Vatablus, m, Hebrew- Profejfor at Paris. . "' ' ' ' 24,

Page

N.

King of Navar, ^nd Prince of Gonde, excommunicated by Tope Sixtus V. 44

Their Protejiation againji it;

ibid

The King of Navar's Declaration

againji the Guifian League.

44

OBufTonj Areh-biJJjop of Yver* don. A Form of an ■ Oath , propounded by thofe of the GuiGaa League.

35 D' OfTat and DuP^rron made Car- dinals. 84 Seme Orders cr/ed down in France, becaufe of their Confpiracies a- gainji the State, 45 ,

P,

PEter de Efpignac Jrch-Bifiop of Lyons. 35

Reter Verferisj Advocate in the 'Court tf/ Parliament at Paris.

' -if.

The Proteftant Princes of Germany raife an Army to defend the French ProteftantSi '"^ 'i'-'J't^ 51

John PafferatiiiSj an exeeHent Ora- tor, and Poet. 1 1 .

Du

The Table.

Page Du Pleffis Morneyj^w" Story. 105,

104, IC5 Proteftants dijiurbedift the exercife of their Religion. 34

A Popi(h Form of Profejfion of Faith. 195 ad 203

The Workj of Cardinal Du Per- ron. lOI

TOhn Quinquarboreus, Profejfor of the Hebrew and Chaldee to the French King in Paris. 18

A Relation of the prefent Ejiate of the Reformed churches of France. 184 ad 188

The Duke of Rohan , hk military J&ions in France, p. 140. hk Vsace m^de veith the King. 1 41 his Death. 152

The Siege of Rochel. 137

The Eoglilli attempt to relieve it, hut in vain. ibid

' // «• yieldcdio the King. 138 Cardinal Richlieu his death. The Characters given of him.

Francis Rabalsfus, a Witty hut A- theijiical Writer. 1 5

Peter Ramus //j/» in the Parifian Majfacre. 24

Page Rozarius, a Treacher at Orleans, Jpojiatizeth^and afterwards re- canteth. 24

Andrew Rivet and William Ri- vet, tvpo Godly French Divinet.

107 A Provincial Synod, held at Roven.

41

SEdan, a Refuge for the Prote- ftants. 122-

A Star feen in the ConJieUation of

Caffiopea. 29

A National Synod held at Tonne'iax

p, 10^. another at Alais in Lan-

guedoc. 108

Gafpar Scoppius, his Boo^ tending

to the Rebellion of Sitbje&s <«- .

gainji the Soveraign power Lnrnt

by the Hangman. . 102

The SpaniQa Remwtiation of all

Priority to France. ijS

Claud. SalraaliuSj a learnedFrench

Crilick. 100

Jac. Sirmondus, a Learned French

]tCm. p. ^^. hif rvork/f 100

B

T.

Enedift TurretinCj a learned French- man. 100

Francis >

The Table.

Page

FRancis Vieta, a learned French Mathef»atician» 1 00.

Nicholas Vigaerius, a Learn- ed French H0orhgra^her,

lOO

Page

Nicholas Vignerius , Junior, a Learned French Divine,

loo The Bijhop of Verdun imprifoned.

<i3i

FINIS,

ERRATA.

■pArt I. Page:. Linear, read Mintz. p. ij.l. »j. 14. r. circumceIlJ6Hes,p.2S.1.i4.r. Avtrgne, p* 31. i, jp; * r. Theodorick, p. 57. 1. 38. r. levies, p, 8j. 1. 17,1. Carthufunsj p. 91, 1. 20. r. his, p. loj. 1. 17. r. and,' p. 112* I. 8. r. There.

Part II. p. 7. 1. n, r. leave, and 1. 37ir. leave, p. 11. 1. 5. r. Uodiquaque,p. jo. 1. antepenult, r. peace wu eon- eluded, p. 54. 1. 41. r. at Soiflbns, p. 70. 1. «?. r. Mjrs, p. 105, t. J, r. Towns, p, 1 30. 1. if, r, lhe«bitf, p. 146, 1, a».». oneF»(h.day,p.iog.l.J.r.BdI»». _ " ^ ^

ul

c-..