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AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Stokes Paintings represent=
ing Greenland Eskimo

GUIDE LEAFLET NO. 30

NOVEMBER, 1909

American Museum of Natural History

Seventy-seventh Street and Central Park West, New York City

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

I'rtsiJiht
Henrv Faiufield Osborn

First Vice-President

J. PiERPONT Morgan

Treasurer

Charles Lanier

Ex Officio

TnK Mayor ok thk City ok Xtw Vuuk
The Comptroller of the City- of New York
The President ok the Department of Parks

Second Vice-President

Cleveland H. Dodge

Secretary

J. Hampden Robb

JOSEPH H. CHOATE

Class of 1909

J. PIERPONT MORG.W
HENRY F. OSBORN

J. HAMPDEN ROBB
ARTHUR CURTISS JAMES

CHARLES LANIER
ANSON W. HARD

Class of 1910

Class of 1911

SETH LOW
Class of 1912

PERCY R. PYNE
JOHN B. TREVOR

WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER
GUSTAV E. KISSEL

D. O. MILLS
ARCHIBALD ROGERS

ALBERT S. BICKMORE
CORNELIUS C. CUYLER*
ADRIAN ISKI.IN, Ju.

Class of 1913

GEORGE S. BOWDOIN
A. D. JUILI.IARD

CLEVELAND H. DODGE
ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Director
Hermon C. Bumi'Us

Assislaut-Secretary and Assistant-Treasurer
George H. Sherwood

The American Museum of Natikm. Ili-imuv was fstablishcii in 1S69 to promote
the Natural Sciciiccs aii<l to dilTusc a nciu-ral knowKvljje of them amoriK the people, and
it w ir» cordial coKperatioii with all similar institutions throu;?hout the world. The Museum
authorities an- di-p<'ndent upon privat*- suhscriptions and the. dues from members for pro-
curing neede<l additions to the collections and for carrying on explorations in America
and other parU of the world. ^

The memlx-rHhip fe<'.s are,/..'

Annu il Miiiilx-ni $ ••'

Su iiiljcn* (Annual) . -.'i

Lif. KK)

I'ellows S .500

Patrons 1000

Benefactors ((lift or bequest) .'>(i,(HM»

All money rt'ccive«i from memlx-rship fw.H i.s used for increasing the collections and
for developing the e«luralioiml work of the Maseum.

The Miivum in open froo to the public on every day in the year.

The Stokes Paintings Representing
Greenland Eskimo

A DESCRIPTION OF THE

MURAL DECORATIONS OF THE ESKIMO HALL

GIVEN TO THE

American Museum of Natural History

BY

ARTHUR CURTISS JAME5

No. 30

Ol" TIIIO .

GUIDE LEAFLET SE.R^ES

1 M' riii:

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

EDMUND OTIS HOVEY, EDITOR
New York. Published by the Museum. November, 1909

NORTH

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Floor plan of the ground floor of the Museum, showing the location of
the Eskimo Hall, where are displayed the Stokes paintings presented
by Mr. Arthur Curtiss James.

THE STOKES PAlX'irXCS REPKESEN'ITNC CItKFA'EANI )

ESKIMO.

THE mural decorations at tlic iiortlicni end of llit- E>kiiiio Hall have
been painted bv 'Sir. Frank Wilbert Stokes, an artist, who, as mem-
ber of the Pearv ReHef ExpeiHtion of 1S!)2 and of the Pearv Xortii
Greenland Expedition of 1S93 and 1894, has made ( ai-ct'ul >indy of the
Eskimo people and their frozen country, 'i'hc Miisciim is indebted for
these painting's to Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, one of the Tni^tccs.

Ranged about the hall below are the weapons, the artick's of dress, the
boats, the sleds, while above them in this j)ainted frieze these same
objects are seen put to use in the daily activities of the Eskimo, revealing
his adaptation to an environment of months' long days and nights among
glaciers and icebergs. The combination of the scientific exhibits below
and the artist's work above, brings home to the observer not only the
ethnological facts involved, but also other facts, such as the austerity of
Eskimo life, its enforced simplicity and the limitations set upon civiliza-
tion for the people of the Arctics. Aluch of the interest of these pictiuvs
rests in the fact that numy of the scenes rei)resent localities actually visited
by the artist. Mr. Stokes estal)lished his studio at Bowdoin Bay, 77° 44'
X. latitude, and worked there during fourt(>en months, with the primitive
life of the Eskimo and the glowing colors of the northern land tmder con-
stant observation. As William ^Valton has said in an article in Scribner's
^lagazine for February, 1909, ^Ir. Stokes has here succeeded, desi)ite the
inadequacy of pigments, in well suggesting "the utmost sj)lendor of light
that blazes in the Polar skies and glows in the Polar, translucent ice."

The North ^VAl.I..

The largest picture of the series — in full view from the main foyer
of the Aluseum — is a continuous panoranui sixty feet long. It is
intense and realistic in its coloring. In the center the glow of a mid-
night sun illuminates promontories and .sea, toward the right this bril-
liant color gradually fades to the gray and pin-|)le of the twilight that
precedes the long Arctic night, while toward the left il changes to the
white lights and deej) bltie shadows of thai other twilight that foretells
the approach of the long Arctic day.

AMKRICAX MUSKl'M CUIDE LEAFLETS

b

ESKiMO GODDESS OF THE SUN.

I'lonri til'.' p:iiiiti!ifr on the North Wal

Cupyrnjht IOipH Uy Frank Wilberl Stokf*.
CuuritMV at Scribner't Magatine.

.\;:;iiii>l tin- \i\i<l ;jiil<l mikI ml nf llic cfiitt r nf llic |»;iiiiliiii: is |)(ir-
tray«-<l tin- artist's coiicfi)!!*)!! of tin- l"'skiiiio myth «»f tlic "Sim ami tlu'
M<M)ii." 'riicr<" is |)nvsciitr»| a ^naiit mira^'c of two fi<;iirt's in full j»iirsuit
tlir«ni;;li llic air. Tluvsr fif^iircs arc Aim-iii^-aii-m'li. a inmlrr. ty|>ifviii«:;
tlir iiiKoii :iiii| ll•^llt•rill<: ill (In- ion;; winter, ami Siikli-cli-iiiikli. slamliii<;
fur tlic Sim, a ^^'cnldrss acc<tiii|)aiiic<l l»y siimmrr ami plenty, .\lin-iiii;-
ali-neli is ijressed in winter ^arl» aptl is driving; his team ofdu^'s. 'I'he
htwtr ]»arl nf the li^'ure. like the <l<»;^'s and >«led;;e, an- shadowy in the
|iaintin;,'. Imt the ii|»|>er part n-aehinj; forward in the chase, the head
and the ri;;ht arm w ith its lashinj; whip, stand out stron<; ami dark as the
forward part of a ni^'lit cloud that sweeps over the <;lacier-co\(rcd hei^dits.
Siikh-1-h-nukh is repre>ented hy a li::iiie imeo\ercd to the waist I the
i'^skiino, lioih men and women. «><-casionally strip oil' the upper garments
ill ihe siiiniiier sum. She carries in her ri^ht hand an l!->kimo lamp,
.shown lis a Hiiii-dn^ or parhelion .such a.s i.s often se<n near ilic hoii/.on
at Miriri.Hi* iind .stii;se( in (he Arctic^, .'^he is ,1 part of a ciimiilus sinimier

PRINTED CARDS ORDEREI

; delivered to
faioa Division

r should reach )

Inting Office cjpp g ^g^J"

f later than

PAIXTIXGS OF GREEXLAXD ESKIMO

ESKIMO CONCEPTION OF THE MOON, A
HUNTER IN PURSUIT OF THE SUN.

Copyright 1908 hii Frank Wilhrrl Stokt;
Courtesy of Scribner's Mogazine.

cloud that floats near her head. Summer birds are about lier, a long
line following from the far away horizon. Two fulmar gulls are flying
in front of her, and two harp seals are crying to her, the "Mother of
the Seals," from floating ice below, where also little Arctic puffins are
ranged in military line.

The story of the pursuit of the sun by tlic moon is a legend widely
spread among the Eskimo people. The North ( iicciilMud "Eskimo
believe, as do all other lunuitfrom Alaska to Labrador and HafHii Laiab
that the sun was orio-inallv a woman, Sukh-eh-uukh, who in order to
escape the unfilial love of her brother, Ahn-iug-ah-ueh, fled into the
heavens bearing a lighted torch. The brotlicr also carrviui;- a torch
pursued her and was transformed into the moon. It is believetl that the
moon is forever in love with th(> sun and seeks ever to overtake her, i)ut
that since his torch chanced to be a i)oor one and he i> frc(|Ufnlly coiii-
pelled to return to earth to relight it, the sun is enabled to keej) weH in

6 AMERICAX MrSKUM Cl'ini'- l.KAFLF.TS

atlvantr. Accortlin«; to tin- iiiytli. ilisasttr woulil come if he should
succeed in catchint; her. f(»r with hi> eiuliiace wouhl coiiie the end ot all

tliinir>-

This h-p'ii<l of the >iiii and the nioon lia> many variations among the
Eskimo i)eo])le an<l is sometimes termed the Sedna ( "vele, Sedna also
sipiifviiii; the sun. It is possihle that we havi- here not only an alletjory
of the <rreat Arctic day and niirht. l>nt al>o tiie proof that there has taken
root in Eskimo ima«;ination the idea of man's search after the nnatiain-

Copyrioht IffOS by Fnink WHIhtI Stokts.

POLAR BEAR AT BAY

IVnin till- |>:iilitilitr i>ll the N'nilh \\:ill.

Tlie ri<;ht portion of the paintin;:. reahstic in the cMrenif. repre-
sents the twilight I.efiire the a|)proaeh of ilie long night . die (haniatie
interest resting in an eneoimler lieiwecn an IvsUium hiinler ami a jH.lar
hear. 'I'he himter has left his shdge and. accompanied hy his team, has
f(»llowed in the chase. He has nscd his arrows and is now near enough
to give it thrust with his hinee. the luar's alleiiiion luing hel.l hy the
• lojjs.

Thai |iart <.f the |)aintingal thecMn-me h-ft tells the Eskimo's meihnd
of stalking pre\ . In tin- f<»regronnil <>n an iee-lloe a linnler. liaipiHUi in
hand, is crawling slowlv towanl Iwn ring seals, which lie hasking in the

PAIXTIXas OF (IRKEXLAXn ESKIMO 7

sun near their liole. Eskimo hunters have j^a-eat skill in ^nving deeov
sounds. Thev ean make cautious aj)j)roach to gulls hy waving a gull's
wing in the air, while whistling the bird's notes; they can allay the
suspicions of seals by lying fiat on the ice and waving a foot in imita-
tion of a seal's head, while giving the characteristic calls of the seals.
Beyond the seal hunter in the distance rises above the ice of the glacier,
a bell-shaped elevation of land which the Eskimo knows as a " nunatak."
Still farther to the left towers an iceberg, while over all is the dawniiicr
light of the summer that is being ushered in by Sukh-eh-nukh, the sun
goddess.

Copyright 1908 by Frank Wilbert Stokes.

ESKIMO STALKING THE SEAL

From the Paiiitinji on the North Wall.

The East W.m.i..

The first or norf/icrn panel — An Inuiiif Ktu-iDupnieni in Laic Antinnn.

Pictures of actual events in Eskimo life are continui'd on the cast and
west sides of the hall, the unity of the compositions being gained by
making the sky line in the east and west i)ani-ls the same as that of the

8 AMERKAX MUSFAWf cl'lUK LKAFLKTS

paiiitiiii: on tlir north wall. Tlif tlirrc |);tncls on the t-ast wall continue
[)ictnn'> of Iv^kinio iitV a> it i:of> on duriiit: the Arctic ni<;ht.

Tlic first of the panels j^ives a view of In*,deHeI(l (uilf, which l»y
Noxcnilter is well frozen over. In the fore^fround to tlu' rii^ht an
Innnit Mcnika^hoo) is euttin;; ujt pieces of meat and tVedin<,f hi.s
team after a hunting' trij). The .sledi;e lies to tiie left, and jnst ht-yond
is an Imiuit woman with her babe carried on her back in a j)ouch. Such
a pouch is made of fox skin and is a part of the hooded iip|)ei- ii.arnient.
The head and ^houldci-^ of the child are covci'cd i»v soft fox skin, but the
rest of it^ body lies naked aijaiust the mother's bare back and so is kej)t
warm. The child is secured in the j)ouch by a sinew which pa.s.ses around
ilN bo<iy and around the upper |)ail of the mother's waist.

.\ liitle Iniiuit boy stands liv hi> luodier, walchinix his phiymate, an
Kskimo pu|)i)y. inunediately to the rij^du is the stone-l)uilt entrance of
the i;,doo, or winter residence, which, ])artly covered with snow, is itself
.seen dii't'ctly behind the (i;;ures. riie >eal-entrail window of the i;j,loo
reveals a pale li>;ht from tlu- lamj) within, a lamj) which nuist serve the
|>nrpo-e'> (»f li<,dltin^^ heating, eookin<; ami drvin<j: for the whole familv.

Heyond ill the middle distance to the left i> a bav, il> shore co\ered
with >now which i^ about three inches in deplli al tlii> season. Hcvond
the bay is a l»>n<j; low promontory stretchiu<; into the sea, a N(»vembi'r sea,
completely fi'ozcn ovi'r and with an iccberii; fro/en into it. The stai's are
liriiliant in die >ky. while mountain, sea and >horc are enshrouded in
rii-h oiani:e li;,dil from a ^iiii that is ^raduallv rcccdiui;".

1 lu ('iiitnil I'diiil Walrus IIiinliiK/ in FclirKdn/.

The east central panel re])rcsents a l-'cbruary scene on the ice of
Maflin May, which is never coni|ilclely fi-o/,cn over. The llamini: colors
of die Aurora Hoi-cilis fill die sk\ and are relleeie.j l.\ ihc ice. Ill ihcir
wcii-d li^'ht is made visible the attack of an liinuil liunler upon a lar<fe
waliiis, one of a j^'roiip of ihn-e in the ceniial forcirroimd of die picture.
In the immediate fore;rroim<l lo die ii;,dil a bull w;ili-iis is just eiiicri^nm;
from (he water. There i-, no look of fear in llie aiiimars doi^-like e\-e,
since he has mil yii eau;,dit si;,dil of the hnnler.

In the .\rctics the b:irkin^' of walrus can be liear<l foi- miles. W hen
lli<- Iniiiiil hiiiiler hears it, he may hitch six t,y eiirjit du^s to his sledire

ESKIMO ENCAMPMENT IN LATE
AUTUMN,

The noith panel of the East Wall.

I

II)

AM

F.niCAX MISELM LilH>l-^ LEAFLETS

WAtRUS HUNTING IN THE LIGHT OF THE AURORA BOREALIS
The ci'iitnil l>:>n.-l i.f lli<- K:ist W :ill

„„.| trav.-l lowanl il.r m.um.I. oft,-., uld, ..nl.v ihr li-l.i of th. n.oui, ...•
of Ihf .Mar> U, slinw l.ini tlir uay. Wl.n. uillm. a ll.nu^an.l vanU lo
the witi.lwHr.1 of ilu- animals. !„• i.th.rs hi. .i-.-s m il.r i..-. aii.l if ihry
im- iinacviiHioinnl to Im.ifm- an.l will not n-maii. noiM-lr». Ik- ni:iv mn.
llir»l«lKfUl.si.U-.lovvii.i...t-.K nus adrn.i.t on ih.-ir lurt l" run auav.

PAIXTIXGS OF GREEXLAXD ESKIMO 11

Armed with a stout harj)oon and })leiity of walrus-hide line, the Innuit
crawls over the ice toward the animals. He conceals himself Ix'hind
ice blocks or hummocks until the distance between him and the animals
is short, then suddenly leaps to his feet, singles out a big bull (as in the
painting) and strikes — usually with unerring aim. The whole herd,
barking furiously, rushes for the sea. The stricken bull dives, and the
walrus-hide line pays out rapidly, but not before the Innuit has deftly
thrust his lance, which he carries in his free hand, firmly into the ice.
With knee and shoulder braced against the shaft of the lance, he obtains
sufficient purchase to play the walrus until the big fellow is so weakened
by loss of blood that the hunter can leave his lance to cut two holes in the
ice close to the spot where he is standing. Now, whenever the line is
slack, he hauls in a few fathoms, and running the noose a couple of times
down through one hole and across through the other, obtains a more
reliable hold. With the lance now free, he stands over the breathing
hole, striking the w^alrus each time that it rises. Wlien it is finally
despatched, he cuts off piece after piece of the meat and seeks his sledge
and dogs to carry the spoil home.

Walrus are huge ungainly creatures, weighing upwards of three
thousand pounds, but to the nimble Innuit hunter there is usually no
difficulty in getting out of harm's way on the ice after he has struck the
blow. If, however, the iron point slips, or the ice gives way, or if, as the
coils of the line are running out, the hunter's legs become entangled, he
is quickly dragged down beneath the water to speedy death.

The Third or Southern Panel. Peterawik in MoonligJif.

The third panel represents a winter scene at Peterawik on the shore
of Smith Sound. In the foreground at the extreme left is a hunter with
sledge and dogs, bringing a load of walrus meat. His snow igloo is at the
right, where his wife, carrying a child in her hood, and accompanied
by an Eskimo woman, is waiting to welcome him. The sea-ice of Smith
Sound stretches far to the horizon at the north; the head-line of Cape
Alexander is visible in the distance. The rocks at the right are charac-
teristic of the west coast of Greenland at this latitude, 70° X.

In the spring before the ice l)reaks up, the Innuit congregate at
Peterawik for walrus hunting. They build their snow igloos on the ice
foot, that j)oiti()ii of the sea-ice bordering the land. Here they remain

12 AMKRTrAX MUSEUM (iUIDF LEAFLETS

hunting, frolicking and feasting in their joyous fashion, until the sun's
warmth has broken uj) the ice. Then thev travel southward, still over
the ice, some to the settlements of Inglefield (iulf and others even as far
as Cape York.

Tin: Wkst Wai.i..

Tilt Fir.'it nr Xortlurn Paticl — Rtituhcr Hunting in Summer.

The judntings on the west wall rt'j)resent Eskimo litV during the
long Arcii<' day.

In the niiddh- foreground of the northern panel a hunter, crouching
at the top of a rocky prominence, is in the act of drawing his i)OWof
Itone ami >iut\v upon a while rcindcci,' which lius espied too late .some-
thing to e.xcite its curiosity. In the middle distance at the extreme right,
is the continuation of the large iceberg of the central panel of the north
wall. Icebergs in the Arctic regions are fre(piently from !.")() to 300 feet
in height, ineasiu'c five to seven times this distance below the surface of
the sea. and sometimes have a length of three miles. Beyond the ice-
berg in the distance is a glacier flowing down from the great ice "Sahara "
in the inteiior of < iicenlaiid, while to the left is a dark rocky poi'tion of
the suiunerged lantl.

In the immediate forcgroimd arc |)ur|)lc flowers (Epilohium lafi-
foliuni) which nesth- in pockets in the rocks. The middle forcgroimd is
cnveied I ly >tun(cd grass and mo.s.ses, especially i>y reindeer moss on
which the deer are feeding. Many flowers bloitm in ( ircenland and other
|>olar laufls during the slmit summer, notably members of the mustard
family, ami of the pink. rose, saxifrage and grass families. Tliere is one
sjK'cies of sedge known; willows and birches are found, although grow-
ing only two to thri'c inches in height; while daisies, butlcn-ups. yell(.)w
jM»ppies, harebells, dandelions, gentians and |)riuu'oses cover the ground
in many places.

Another source of bright coloi' in these northern latitudes lies in two
specii's (»f alga*, one red and the dilicr green. Thev arc microsco|)ic
plant.s that gniw on the ice or snow , Inn they may occur in >ucli piofusjon
a-~ to iin|»arl their rcilor to (he gronml. It i> the |trcM'nce of thcst" alga*

' .\ wliiti- carilNui {haniji/cr prarifi Allen) (Uscoven-il liy I'l-iiry in I'.HIJ in Kllos-
incn' hiitiil iifiir I.:ikc Iltizcn, laliluilc S'.'° N.

PAixrixGS OF Gni:i:xi.A.\j) Eskimo

13

Copyright IDuS by Fnnik Wilbcrt Stakes.

WINTER SCENE AT PETERAWIK ON THE SHORE OF
SMITH SOUND.

The soullicni panel nf (lie I'last Wall.

that explains the famous "crimson o-lacier" or "ciMiiison snow" near
Cape York.

As to echhk' phmts, there are a few even in tliis extreme nortlicrn
region. A bhieberrv which grows partly concealed nnder the moss
can be secured during the greater part of the year, and is eaten with
relish by the Innuit. There are several |>lants of wliicli the roots, leaves,
buds and even flowers are eaten. .V ])lant resembling celery i Arch-
angelica ojfjcinalis) is a favorite article of food, behind moss is also
eaten. The chief .sources of vegetabh" food, however, are marine. .\

REINDEER HUNTING IN SUMMER
III.- lii.rllicrn pMlirj of the W rsl

Willi.

PAIXTIXGS OF (;l{i:i:.\I.AM> ESKIMO

15

Copyright 19uS by Frank Wilbcrt Stoker.

ESKIMO IN SEALSKIN CANOE HARPOONING A NARWHAL.

The central panel of the West Wall.

seaweed used commonly for food \s Alaria pi/lail, closely allied to '•l.hiil
derlocks," of Scoduiid, and in ilavor somrwliat like asparagus.

The Central Panel ^ Xarwlial Iliintin;/ in Snwmer.

The dramatic ci-nt(>r of this panel is an liinnit in lii- kayak or seal>kin
canoe in the act of hari)oonin-- a narwhal, which is vi>il.le l.eneath the

16 AMERICAX MrSEUM cl'lDE LEAELETS

surface of tlu' water at the left of the l)oat. To the rij^lit in the middle
distance are fiilinar ^'ulls. In the distance is the (;reat ice river, the
A Crhocff glacier.

The narwiial is an animal al)out which little i.s definitely known.
Some, notahly Pearv, think that it is the fahled unicorn of the ancients.
It occasionaHy has Itoth a JonLT and a >lii>ri hmu. one of which it may
lose, however. The narwhal is hlue-hlack alonj^ the back and sj)otted
with <lark alon;; the sides, the color fading inti> ivory white underneath.
The thin >kin covcis a \cry deep layer of fat or hJiiKhcr, con.sidered a
delicacy hy the Innnit. This hluUher is eaten raw, as in fact is most
of the food in the Arctics, and of coiu'se without j)e])])er or salt, neither
of which is known to the Eskimo.

In narwhal hunting, the Imiuit ai)]iroaclic> tlif animal from the rear
and one side, decreasing the distance noiselessly until he is within strik-
ing distance. \ comj)anion always accomj)anies the hunter, so that, in
the event of his i)cing struck hy the narwhal, and his hoat overtiUMied,
there may be .some rescue at hand. riie harj)oons used in narwhal
hunting formerly had heads made of Hakes from the iron meteorites
near ('ape ^'ork, but since the first quarter of the nineteenth century
the Eskimo have obtained tlicii- metal tVoni trader-^ and from whaling
and (jther ships. The har|)ooii head is joined lo a j)iec-e of walrus or
narwhal ivor-y. which fits loo>eiy on to the i\oiy end of the >liafl. To
the center of tliiv harpoon head, is fastened a line of wali'us hide kejil
in place by the hand that liohU the harpoon. The line it>elf i^ coiled
on the fore part of the kayak, so that it will unwind rapidly and with-
out becoming tangled, .\ttaclied (o the other eml of this line and
placed in the after |tail of the ka\ak are two objects, a sealskin bag
and a drag resembling a bo\ lid. When the animal div<'s and llees
vainly from the pain of the har|)oon point imbedded in its ilcsh. the
drag tires ii out, and the skin bag, floating on ilic sini'ace of (he walei'.
murks its position and keeps it fi-om sinking. The hmner, w ho adinilly
gets out of the way of die infuriated animal, can ihiis trace its cnurse
and finally tow i( home.

'1 he \ erhoelf glacii-|- re|irescntcd in the jLiintiiig is one of two i^l.iciers
al the head of Ivobertsoii Hay, on the iKMilicrn sIkhc of Ingleiicld (inlf.
West (ire«*nland. it was here that \ erhoelf . the meleorologisi of one of
the PrapA- E.Npediiious, while trying to cinss the glacier alone, lost his
life in ."September of |s",ti.». The sc.i wall of the ixlacici- is from l.'iO to

Rl) 14.8';;;

r.iixTixas OF (ii{EE.\l.i\i> i.skimo

^ ,S^

M

'^.*-.

Copyriijltt 19u8 bii Frank U'ilhut Slukts.

SCENE AT CAPE YORK, A SUMMER HOME OF THE ESKIMO
The southern panel of the West \\A\.

1

200 feet high, hut the ice shelves out heneath the water, where tiie buoy-
ancy of the sea breaks off parts whicli float away as iccbcrii's. 'I'liis
birth of icebergs at the water's edge of a ghicii-r often canxs waves
thirty or forty feet in height, niik's in extent, ami attended l)y volleys of
thunderous reports that are terrifying in the ears of the Kskinio. Kaeh
of these glaciers is an arm of the inland ice cap of (Ireenland. a iniglity
sheet submerging mountains and valleys to a depth of .").i>(l(l teet or
more.

18 AM ERICA X MUSFA'M CUIDK LEAFLETS

The Third or SoutJtcni Panel — ('aj)c York, a Summer Home of the

Iiinuii.

The sci'iii" (lc'j)i(tf(l is at ("ajx' ^Ork. a sumnn'r lioiiio of the Innuit,
at tlu' lu-ad of Melville Hay. Here the Iiinuit, or Aretie Ilitjhlander, as
he was inisiiaiiiecl hv Sir .lames Uoss, is first nut l)y those visitiiit; the
Arctics. The ])aiiitinfr <j:ives a \ iew of (/a])e \()ik looking toward the
north.

In the foreground i> the eainj). where an Iiinnit leans over a harp-
seal which he ha> killed and is alioiil In eiil up, while his dofjs are
watehiiif^ for some stray pieces of meat. I'his man is clothed in l)car-
skin trousers and a hooded jacket made of about seventy aiik skins, the
feathers l)eini,' turned next to the Kody. lie is wcariuij; hoots of seal-
skin.

To the left ill the cauij) is a ijii-l of ahont se\en yeai's. j)aiiited from
a sketch made hy the artist in IMH. ."-^he is clothed in >iiiall troiLsers
of fo.\ skill and an upper liooded i,Mniieiit. aNo of fox skin, and wears
hoots of .st-alskin, reachiu'^ to the thi<rhs. She i> attending' a lire of
mess and hluhix'r, over which hlood souj) is heint: j)re])arcd. while
guardinf; from the do<,'s a piece of meat on the i^nonnd at her rifj^ht.
Behiml the ^nrl are two sealskin tents (tuj)ekhs) from one of which
a yoim<,' woman is emerfifing.

Bevond the tents are mountains (oweriut;- l,"i()() to .'!(!( )() feet alio\c die
cani|). riie siiiiiiiiils of diese iiioiiiilaiii> ai'c fre(|ueiidy olisciired hy
dense fo<;s, from which come continually the wild cries of iunuinerahle
nmltitndes of kittiwake ;,nills ami little auks.

Ill this l);i\-, liiit some miles lo the casiward. the lliree meleorites
now on e\liiliiii()ii ill the foNcr of diis iiuiscuiii remained for aijes.
It was IN-ary who wrested them from llieir ancient ahode and hrou^dit
them to New ^'ork in IS'.I."). From llicsc meteorites, in olden times,
the Iniiiiil llaked (.If jijeces fnr Use iu kni\cs, harpoons and arrow
lieails. Im ;nd in die sIiuum;|(. |'()|- food and Wii-.

No. 12.— THE COLLECTION OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES. By W. D. M.-^i-
THEw, Ph. D., Associate Curator of Vertebrate Palaeontology. Octo-
ber, 1903. Price, 10 cents.

No. 13.— A GENERAL GUIDE TO THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY. January, 1904. Out of print.

No. 14.— BIRDS' NESTS AND EGGS. By Frank M. Ch.kpm.ks. Associate
Curator of Mammalogy and Ornithologj'. April, 1904. Reprinted,
Februarj', 1905. Price, 10 cents.

No. 15.— PRIMITIVE ART. July, 1904. Price^ 15 cents.

No. 16.— THE INSECT-GALLS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY.
By William Beutenmulleu, Curator of Entomology. October, 1904.
Price. 15 cents.

(Reprinted from The American Museum Journal.)

No. 17.— THE FOSSIL CARNIVORES, MARSUPIALS AND SMALL MAM-
MALS IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
By W. D. Matthew, Ph. D., Associate Curator of \'ertebrate Palaeon-
tology. January, 1905. Price, 15 cents.

No. 18.— THE MOUNTED SKELETON OF BRONTOSAURUS. By W. D
Matthew, Ph. D., Associate Curator of Vertebrate Palaeontology'.
April, 1905. Out of print.

No. 19.— THE REPTILES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY. By
Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles, New York Zoological Park,
July, 1905. Price, 15 cents.

No. 20.— THE BATRACHIANS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY.
By Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles, New York Zoological
Park. October, 1905. Price, 15 cents.

No. 21.— THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MOLLUSK. By B. E. Dahlgren,
D. ^I. D. January, 1906. Price, 10 cents.

No. 22.— THE BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY. By Frank
M. Chapman, Associate Curator of Mammalogy and Ornithologj'.
April-July, 1906. Price, 15 cents.

No. 23.— THE SPONGE ALCOVE. By Roy W\ Miner, Assistant Curator of

Invertebrate Zoology. October, 1906. Price, 10 cents.

»

(Published as a separate series.)

No. 24.— PERUVIAN MUMMIES. By Charles W. Mead, Department of Eth-
nology. March, 1907. Price. 10 cents.

No. 25.— PIONEERS OF AMERICAN SCIENCE. Memorials of the naturalists
whose busts are in the Foyer of the Museum. April, 1907. Price, 15
cents.

No. 26.— THE METEORITES IN THE FOYER OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM
OF NATURAL HISTORY. By Edmund Otis Hovey, Ph.D.,
Associate Curator of Geology. December, 1907. Price, 10 cents.

No 27.— THE MALARIA MOSQUITO. By B. E. Dahlgren. D. M. D. Assis-
tant Curator of Invertebrate Zoology. April, 1908. Pri^e, 15 cents.

No. 28.— THE HABITAT GROUPS OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. By
Frank M. Chapman, Curator of Ornithology. February, 1909. Price,
15 cents.

No. 29.— THE INDIANS OF MANHATTAN ISLAND AND VICINITY. By
Alanson Skinner, Department of Anthropolof:}-. Soptombcr, 1009
Price, 10 cents.

No.30.— thestokespaintingsrkpuk-sentinc I ;i;i:i \i. \\i> i -kimo.

November, 1909. Price, 5 cents.

The American fluseum Journal

Edmund Otis Hover, Editor.
Maky Cynthia Dkkerson. Associate Editor.

Frank M. Chapman, |
Louis P. Gratacap, > .-idvisonj Board.
William K. Gregory, »
The Journal is st-nt free to all Members of the Museum.

Guide Leaflets published by the

AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

For Sale at the Museum.

{Issued as supplemerds to The American Museum Journal.)

HE BIRD ROCK GROUP. By F. M. Chapman, Asso^

of Mamn.ulogv and Ornithology. October, 1901. Price, 10 cents

Xn 1 -THE BIRD ROCK GROUP. By F. M. Chapman, Associate Curator
" ■ ■ of Mamn.ulogv and Ornithology. October, 1901. Price, 10 cents

^-o o _ THE S\GINAW VALLEY COLLECTION. By H. I. Smith, Assistant

Curator of Archaeology. December. 1901. Price, 10 cen/s.
No 3 -THE HALL OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES. By W. D. Mai^w.

Ph. D., Assistant Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology. January-, l.)U-.

Out of print.
No 4 - THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS. By Louis P. Gratacap, A. M.,
* ■ ■ Curator of Mineralogy. February', 1902. Revised edUion, May, 1904.

Price, 10 ceids. ^, ^ n> ^

No 5 _ NORTH AMEKRWN RUMINANTS. By J. A. Allen, Ph. D. Curator
■ ■ of Man.nKil..py and Ornithologj'. March. 1902 Revised edMwn,

Februarv' 1904. Price. 10 cerds.
No 6 -THE ANCIENT BASKET MAKERS OF SOUTHEASTERN UT.U.

By George H. Pepper, Assistant in Anthropology'. April. 1J0-.

Second edition. May, 1909. Price, 10 cents.
No 7 -THE BUITERFLIES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW \01K Cm

By William BkutenmCllkk, Curator of Entomology. May. l.tOJ.

Price, 15 cents. . , o • u

No 8 — THE SI:QU()IA. A Historical Review of Biological Science. Uy

CKoiuiK H. Sherwood, A. M., As.sistant Curator. November, HM)2.

Prici , 10 ctuts. ,M Tw

No 9 -THE EVOLUTION OF THi; lloKSi:. By W. D. Matthew. 1 h. D..

AH80.-iate Curator of Vertebrate Palu'ontology. Januaiy. IWIi. Sec-
ond edition. Mav. l'.H)5. Price. \Q cent.^.
No 10-THE HAWK MOTHS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW \OUK CI1\.

jly William BeutenmClleh, Curator of I'.ntomology. 1 ebruary.

VMY.*,. Price, 10 cents.
No 11 -THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OK THE INCAS. By C. W . M.ad,

A^^iM.inl in Arrha-ology. July. Wm. Price, 10 cents.

(Conlinutd on page 3 of cover.)

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