CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW XQRK BOTANICAL GARDEN— Nj: NEW SPECIES FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES BY P. A. RYDBERG NEW YORK 1899 [Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 26 : 5!,l-5i6. 16 Oct., 1899.] . if9l1 New Species from the Western United States By p. a. Rydberg Juncus Suksdorfii Stem about 3 dm. high, strict, light green, 2—3 mm. in diame- ter ; leaves terete or slightly flattened, distinctly septate ; the basal ones short ; stem leaves, except the upper ones, often 3 dm. lon^ all with a conspicuous, scarious sheath ; heads in a contracted pan- icle, brown and shining, 5-8-flowered ; bracts ovate, cuspidate- acuminate ; perianth segments subequal, about 4 mm. long, nar- rowly lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; stamens 6 ; anthers longer than the filaments ; style long-exserted ; capsule dark brown and shining, oblong, acuminate, 3 -angled. Dr. Watson has labeled \.h.\s Junciis Ncvadeiisis van, to which it may be nearest related if the structure of the flower is taken in consideration. It is different in habit, however, being much stouter, having more numerous and larger heads, and longer leaves. Washington : Falcon Valley, 1883, Suksdorf, 21 j ; 1885, 680 ; Spangle, Spokane Co., 1884, ^6^ (all in Gray Herbarium). Allium Neo-Mexicanum Bulb oblong, membranaceous, crowning a more or less persis- tent rhizome ; coat membranaceous ; scape slender, terete ; leaves narrow, 1-3 mm. wide, apparently almost flat, slightly keeled ; umbel 8— 20-flowered, nodding ; involucre very small ; perianth- segments oblong-ovate, acute, nearly white, without a distinct mid- vein ; stamens and style exserted ; capsule 6-crested. This resembles most A. ccrnuuni, but differs in the fewer flow- ered umbel, the narrower perianth-segments, and in the thinner and narrower leaves, which are only slightly keeled. New Mexico: Organ Mountains, 1894,^.6^. Wooton; 185 1-2, C. Wriglit, 191 3. South Colorado: 1861, C. C. Parry, ^^^o. Arizona: Tanners Cafion, 1892, Dr. T. E. Wilcox. Astragalus Cusickii Perennial from a creeping rootstock : stem about 5 dm. high, strigose, somewhat branched ; leaves pinnate of 6-9 pairs of linear (541) 542 Rydberg : Species from Western United States leaflets which are 2-3 cm. long and about 2 mm. wide, glabrous above and slightly strigose beneath ; raceme with a 1-2 dm. long peduncle, rather lax and few-flowered ; flowers almost sessile, about 12 mm. long ; calyx about 7 mm. long, strigose with dark hairs ; lobes short, lanceolate and unequal ; corolla yellow ; pod with a stipe which is about i cm. long and curv^ed upwards, upright, ob- long, obcordate in cross-section, with the dorsal suture strongly inflexed to about half-way to the ventral one, subcoriaceous, the body being about 2 cm. long. The specimens were named A. arrcctns Gray ?, to which species it has a superficial resemblance, differing in the pod, the struc- ture of which places it near A. Drununondii and A. scopulonmi. From these it differs, however, in the short erect pod. It grows on dry hillsides. Oregon: Malheur, 1885, W. C. Ciisick, I2j8 (Gray Herba- rium). Potentilla rosulata Glandular and viscid pubescent throughout ; caudex thick and lignose, topped with dense rosettes of leaves and short stems ; the latter, at least in the type specimens, less than i dm. high ; basal leaves 4—5 cm. long, long-petioled, pinnately 5-foliolate ; stem- leaves ternate, short-petioled, or the upper subsessile ; lower stipules lanceolate and thin ; the upper ovate and rather thick ; leaflets thick, densely viscid and glandular pubescent, broadly obovate, or the terminal orbicular, deeply crenate, or somewhat cleft, 7-10 mm. long; pedicels 5-15 mm. long; hypanthium about 5 mm. in diameter, densely viscid pubescent ; bractlets ovate, about half as long as the broadly triangular ovate acute or acuminate sepals ; petals small, oblong, whitish or light yellow, about as long as the bractlets ; stamens between 30 and 40 ; anthers decidedly didymous ; pistils 20-40 ; style filiform, at- tached near the apex of the ovary. This is nearest related to Potentilla saxosa Greene,* but differs in the less numerous leaflets of the basal leaves, the much thicker and less incised leaflets, the shorter and stouter stems, the smaller * In my monograph I transferred this species to Horkelia, on account of its close resemblance to Horkelia Baileyi, but a study of better material in Mr. T. S. Bran- degee's herbarium has persuaded me that I made a mistake. The species is a true Potentilla. There are three species, all belonging to the Poteittilleae, that are almost identical in the vegetative parts, but still must be placed in three different genera. These are : Potentilla saxosa Greene, Horkelia Baileyi Wats., and Purpiisia saxosa Brandegee. Rydberg : Species from Western United States 543 petals and the shorter hairs of the receptacle. It resembles also P. rivalis somewhat in habit and leaves, but it has a thick peren- nial caudex, much more numerous stamens and filiform style. California: 29 Palms, Colorado Desert, 1898, A. H. Alvcr- son (type in the herbarium of T. S. Brandcgce). Horkelia chaetophora Caudex stout, covered with the remains of leaf-stalks and stipules from former years ; stems several, i — 1.5 dm. high, almost scapose, finely puberulent ; basal leaves numerous, about i dm. long, with 15—20 pairs of leaflets; their stipules broad, brown, obtuse, bristly ciliate ; leaflets 3—5 mm. long, divided to near the base into linear-oblong segments, densely puberulent and tipped with bristles ; cyme rather many-flowered and open ; hypanthium 5—7 mm. in diameter, puberulent and hirsute ; bractlets linear-ob- long, one third shorter than the broadly lanceolate acute sepals ; petals yellow, oblong, about equaling the sepals ; stamens 10 ; filaments filiform ; pistils about 20. This is intermediate between H. UtaJioisis and H. pygmaca. It resembles the former most in habit and flowers, but has the bristles and obtuse stipules characteristic to H. pyginaca. From the latter it differs in the larger size of the plant and flower and the many- flowered and open cyme. It grows in rocky places in the moun- tains at an altitude of 3000—3400 m. California : Farewell Gap and Little Kern River, Tulare Co., 1896, C. A. Piirpjis, i^og ; Keweah Peak, 1895 (both in the her- barium of T. S. Brandegee). Horkelia Congdonis Perennial with a woody caudex ; stems erect, 3—4 dm. high, few-leaved, somewhat branched above, glandular puberulent ; basal leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, with 30-40 pairs of leaflets ; stem-leaves similar but smaller ; upper stipules deeply cleft ; leaflets 3—5 mm. long, cleft to the base into 4-5 oblong divisions, obtuse, glandular puberulent ; cyme with a few ascending branches and short -pedi- celed flowers ; hypanthium campanulate, 7-8 mm. in diameter, glandular puberulent ; bractlets lanceolate, one half or two thirds the length of the lanceolate acuminate sepals ; sepals almost equal- ing the sepals, oblong, obtuse ; stamens 20 ; filaments slightly dilated, subulate ; pistils numerous. This is nearest related to Horkelia purpirascois, but differs in the 544 Rydberg: Species from Western United States taller habit, the more branched cyme, the more acuminate sepals, which in the type specimens are not reflexed, and the petals, which are not retuse or emarginate as in that species. California: Casa Diabolo, 1895, /. JV. Congdon (type in the herbarium of T. S. Brandegee). Mertensia tubiflora Perennial ; stem 2-3 dm. high, glabrous striate, and somewhat angled, branched above ; basal leaves oblanceolate, short petioled; stem-leaves .sessile, lanceolate to ovate, about 4 cm. long and 1-2 cm. wide, glabrate, except the hispid ciliolate margins, muricate above, obtuse ; panicle contracted ; pedicels very slender and drooping, about i cm. long, strigulose ; calyx slightly strigose, about 4 mm. long, cleft half-way into oblong-lanceolate acutish lobes ; corolla 13-15 mm. long ; tube about 10 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, more than twice as long as the limb ; the latter cam- panulate with very short lobes ; nutlets very strongly muricate. This species combines the general habit of M. laiiccolata with a corolla which is most like that oi M. oblongifolia. Wyoming : Headwaters of the Tongue River, Big Horn Mountains, July, 1898, F. Tivccdy, iig. Symphoricarpos Utahensis Syjiiplioricarpos nwntauits Wats. King's Exp. 5: 132 partly; not H.B. K. Shrub a meter or more high, with brownish bark ; leaves broadly ovate, more or less rounded at both ei^ds, obtuse or often mucronate, often coarsely sinuately toothed, pubescent when young, glabrate in age, 3-4 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide ; flowers in terminal one-sided, drooping short spikes, or with smaller clusters in the upper axils ; corolla somewhat funnelform, about 8 mm. long. This resembles most 5". raceinosiis in inflorescence and leaves, but differs in the form of the corolla. The inflorescence, the larger and less pubescent leaves and the size of the bush separate it from S. rotimdif alius. Utah: Logan, August, 1895, P. y^. Rydberg (Jy^o)-^ Wah- satch Mountain, 1869, 5. Watson, ^"/j, in part.* * Watson includes under this number not less than three distinct forms. Of these one belongs to this species, one from Virginia Mountain, Nevada, to S. oreophihis, and the third from the Uintahs to the next or an undescribed species. Rydberg : Species from Western United States 545 Symphoricarpus Parishii Apparently rather tall shrub for the group ; bark of the old stems gray, of the young twigs brown ; leaves of older stems small, about 1.5 cm. long, narrowly oval, acutish at both ends, densely pubescent, more or less bluish green, rather thick ; those of the young shoots larger, about 3 cm. long, deeply 3-lobed and coarsely toothed ; corolla elongated campanulate, 6-j mm. long. This resembles mostly S. rotundifoliiis in pubescence and flow- ers, but is evidently a larger plant and the leaves are bluish green and acutish at both ends. It seems to be confined to Southern California. California: San Bernardino Mountains, 1892, 5. B. Parish, 2514.; 1^(^^,3024. Erigeron flabellifolius Perennial with a long slender creeping rootstock ; stem 1—2 dm. high, few-leaved, glandular puberulent above ; basal leaves petioled, about 3 cm. long, slightly glandular puberulent, cuneate- flabelliform in outline, deeply 3— 5 -cleft into cuneate 3-lobed divis- ions or the lower simply 5— 9-lobed at the apex ; stem-leaves cuneate or obovate, smaller, subsessile and less divided ; heads about 10 mm. high and 10-15 mm. in diameter; bracts linear, acuminate, with more or less spreading tips, dark brown or purplish black, glandular puberulent ; rays 7-8 mm. long and i . 5-2 mm. wide, light pink or white. This is a member of the£. compositum group, easily distinguished from its relatives by the form of the leaves, which are never com- pound, but simply cleft two thirds their length or less. It is also characterized by the lack of hirsute pubescence generally found in that group. It grows in rocky slides at an altitude of 3600 m. Wyoming : Yount's Peak, Teton Forest Reserve, August, 1897, Tivecdy, 536. Erigeron spathulifolius Perennial from an ascending rootstock ; stems 5-8 cm. high, generally ascending, glabrous or slightly puberulent above, 3-5- leaved ; basal leaves about 2 cm. long, perfectly glabrous, some- what fleshy, broadly spatulate, tapering into a short petiole, entire- margined, obtuse or acutish; stem leaves i— 1.5 cm. long, linear- oblong or oblanceolate, sessile, obtuse ; head solitary, 'j-'i mm. high and 10—15 ^J^- ""^ diameter, excluding the rays; bracts 546 Rydberg : Species from Western United States linear-lanceolate, acute, black, slightly puberulent ; rays light blue, in age white, about 8 mm. long and 2—3 mm. wide. In leaves and heads, this resembles most E. simplex Greene, but has a different root-system, is a much more glabrous plant and lack altogether the long villous hairs on the involucre character- istic of that species. On account of its root-system, it may be associated with E. iirsiinis and E. radicatus, but lacks the hirsute pubescence of those species and has broader rays. The same char- acters, together with the single head and broad leaves, separate it from E. Eatonii, which also has somewhat the same habit. It is an alpine species growing at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Wyoming : Black Rock Creek, Teton Forest Reserve, August,. 1897, Tzvccdy, S43- Antennaria angustifolia Surculose-proliferous ; leaves of the stolons linear or linear- oblanceolate, about 1.5 cm. long, finely tomentose on both sides; stem-leaves narrowly linear, erect, the uppermost subulate ; heads {e\w in a subcapitate cluster, 4-5 mm. high ; involucre campanu- late, tomentose at the base ; bracts of the fertile head linear- oblong, acute, yellowish or brownish white. This is nearest related to A. pajvifolia and A. micropJiylla, from which it differs in the subcapitate heads and the very narrow leaves. California: Yosemite Valley, 1865, /. Torrey (labeled A. stoiopliylla ? ) ; Hat Creek, J. S. Newberry (labeled A. luzidoides ; both in the Torrey Herbarium). 0 . CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 5 - V \v r ■^, 84 X STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA— I BY P. A. RYDBERG NEW YORK 1900 [Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 27 : 169-139. 21 Apr., 1900, ** y r A k^ I Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora.— I* By p. a. Rydberg (With Pi axes 5 and 6.) SPECIES OF 8ENECI0 OF THE LOBATUS, AUREUS, 8UBNUDUS AND T0MENT08U8 GROUPS It may seem strange that I present here a paper on Senecio, when it is well known to me that Mr. Greenman is occupied in preparing a monograph of the genus in all North America, from the arctic regions to the Isthmus. My work was begun a year ago, and before I knew of Mr. Greenman's work. I have not been able to present my results in print before now, and I do it with the good will of the gentleman mentioned, and with the understanding that I confine myself to the Rocky Mountain region. The four groups treated here are closely related and grade into each other. They might have been treated as a single group but even this would have been more or less artificial and ill-defined, because there are several intergradations with related groups. The more foliose species of the Aurei as ^. platylobiis and ^^ Idahoensis described below connect with the Eremophili ; 5". cyiiibalarioidcs with the Alpicolae, and 6". cajwvirens with the Cani. The work presented here is based on my own studies in the field and the specimens found in the herbaria of the New York Botanical Garden, Columbia University and College of Pharmacy, all in New York City. LOBATI Annuals or biennials or perennials with a taproot, perfectly glabrous in age or slightly floccose at the bases of the leaves, more or less leafy throughout, 3 dm. or more high : leaves, all except *The author intends to publish under this title a series of papers on the Botany of the Rocky Mountain Region. The intention is not however to Hmit these studies to the botany of the mountains proper, but will include also the Great Plains to the eastward. They will comprise the following states and territories : eastern British Columbia, Alberta. Saskatchewan, Assiniboia, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, east- ern Utah, and the extreme western portions of the Dakotas, of Nebraska, Kansas, Okla- homa and Texas. (169) 170 RvDBERG : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora the very first, pinnStely divided : heads rather small and minutely calyculate. In habit resembling the Aurei and Tomentosi, to which the last two form a transition, but have more divided leaves and a root of less duration. Leaves thin ; root annual or biennial. Head about I cm. high ; terminal segments of the basal leaves 3-5 cm. wide. 1. S. sangiiisoi-boides. Head 5-8 mm. high ; terminal segments of the basal leaves less than 2 cm. wide. Basal leaves with few segments ; segments crenate or dentate. ' 2. S. Greggii. Basal leaves with numei^ous segments ; segments lobed or cleft. 3. S. Diillelobaltt':. Leaves rather thick ; root perennial. Bracts thick, much shorter than the disk. 4. 6". Diidtilohatits. Bracts thin, almost equaling tlie disk. 5. S. A^elsonii. I. Senecio sanguisorboides sp. nov. Tall and simple, perfectly glabrous, annual or maybe biennial : stem terete, about 6 dm. high, leafy : basal leaves thin, 1—2 dm. long, petioled, pinnately divided with 3-5 segments ; terminal seg- ments reniform, 3—5 cm. wide, coarsely crenate ; lateral segments almost orbicular, crenate : lower stem leaves similar ; the upper with 7— II segments, short-petioled or the uppermost subsessile ; the base of the petioles with large round, laciniate auricles ; ter- minal segment ovate, incised-crenate ; the lateral ones obovate or broadly cuneate : cyme rather contracted : heads about 1 cm. high; bracts 12—16, linear-lanceolate, acute, about i mm. wide, with membranous margins ; the calyculate ones very few and minute, lanceolate : rays about 10, 8 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, about 4-nerved : achenes glabrous and angled. This has been referred to .S". Sanguisorhac DC; but a compari- son with De Candolle's description shows several discrepancies. According to the description S. SangJiisorbac should have only 8-10 bracts and 5 rays, the leaves should be puberulent beneath and the terminal segment orbicular, characters not found in the present species. The latter grows at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. [Plate 5, f 14.] New Mexico: Santa Fe Caiion, 1897, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, j8 20 (type in the herbarium of the N. Y. Botanical Garden) ; White Mountains, 1897, E. O. Wooton, ^.gjj.. 2. Senecio Greggii sp. nov. Seneeio Tainpicanus A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 109. 1849; not DC., 1837; 5. lobatiis A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2 : 99. 1852; not Pers. 1807. RvDBERG : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 171 Biennial or annual, with several stems from the base, perfectly glabrous in age : stems about 3 dm. high : leaves pinnately divided or the very first ones simple : basal leaves with 3—5 segments, the terminal one round and crenate, about i cm. in diameter ; the lateral ones small, obovate ; stem leaves with 7-9 small segments and more or less auricled at the base of the very short petiole : cyme compound : heads rather many, only 5-7 mm. high ; bracts about 20, linear-acuminate ; the calyculate ones minute and few : rays 8-10, about 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, 3-nerved : achenes angled and strigose. This is nearest related to 5. lohatns but smaller and characterized by the many stems from the same root, the few segments of the basal leaves, the small heads and the narrow bracts. Only Wright's specimens were collected in the region here treated. [Plate 5, f. 8.] Mexico : Santa Rosalia, Dr. Gregg (type in Torrey Herba- rium). Texas: Near El Paso, 1851-2, C. Wright, 1413 ; between Frio and Nueces Rivers, 1880, E. Palmer, 7^4; Loredo to Frontera. Wrig/it (Mexican Boundery Survey), (5jp, in part. 3. Senecio millelobatus sp. no v. Sc/iecio Tainpicanns A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2 : 99. 1852 ; not DC. 1837 ; 5. vutltilobatus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 394, in part. 1884 ; not T. & G. 1 849. Annual or biennial, perfectly glabrous or slightly floccose at the base of the leaves : stem branched, 3-5 dm. high, very leafy : all leaves pinnately divided, T)—? cm. long, lanceolate or oblanceo- late in outline ; segments 13—23, obovate, 3—10 mm. long, lobed or cleft into oblong or ovate lobes ; the upper segments more or less confluent : cyme compound : heads about 8 mm. high ; bracts ob- long-lanceolate, acuminate, 12-15 i'"' number; calyculate ones minute and few : ra}'s 5—8 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide : achenes very scabrous on the angles. This is nearest related to the preceding and to S. lobatus but is easily distinguished by the numerous and lobed or cleft segments. It may be related to 5. Tampicanus which I have not seen, but that species is described as having only 4 or 5 pairs of segments and glabrous achenes. [Plate 5, f. 11.] New Mexico: Hills on the Limpia, 185 1-2, C. Wright, 12SJ (t)^pe in the Torrey herbarium) ; P. V. Lc Roy. 172 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora Texas: Lower Rio Grande, 1852, Parry (Mexican Boundary Survey), 6f;8. 4. Senecio multilobatus Torr. & Gray; Gray, PI. Fend. 109. 1849 The type of this species is in the Torrey herbarium and very unhke the plant regarded by Gray as ^'. inultilobatus. It is char- acterized by its fleshy leaves and stands perhaps nearer to 5. covipactiis than to the group with which it was associated by Dr. Gray. I have placed it in this group on account of its pinnatifid basal leaves. The earliest of these are, however, entire, in the same manner as they occasionally are in 5. rosidahis. This analogy and the close relationship to 5. coiupactus undoubtedly made Prof Greene name Baker, Earle and Tracy's specimens " Senecio coiu- pactus Rydb., verging towards 5. Fendleriy These specimens differ from Fremont's plant only in the fact that the basal leaves are shorter and less divided. Eastwood's specimens are exactly like the type. The base of these specimens shows that the plant is a perennial rather than an annual as stated in the original descrip- tion. It grows at an altitude of about 2000 m. [Plate 6, f 11.] Utah : Uintah River (a tributary of Greene River), Fremont, §4.g (type in the Torrey herbarium) ; Ogden, 1871, Hayden Sur- vey ; South Utah, /. E. Johnson. Colorado: Grand Junction, 1892, A. Eastwood; Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, 4-1-6 ; Dolores, 1892, C. S. Crandall; South Park, 1871, W. M. Canby. 5. Senecio Nelsonii Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club, 24 : 483. 1899 Prof Greene in Pittonia, 4 : 112, devotes over a page to this species, claiming it to be the same as 5. Fendleri, and criticises both Prof Nelson and myself We had, however, both investi- gated the matter thoroughly before the species was published. In claiming that the two species are the same. Prof Greene must either not know one of the plants or both, or else do it for the purposes of finding fault. 5. Nelsonn has the leaf form of S. Fendleri, but there ends the similarity. In the former the caudex is short, not woody, and with numerous fibrous roots, placing it nearer to 6". niultilobatns and 5~. conipactus, while S. Fendleri has a very thick Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 173 and woody rootstock. The heads of S. Xclsonii are larger, 8—10 mm. high, and the bracts are thin and in anthesis almost equal the disk, while in ^. Fcndlcri they are thick and much shorter. The former also lacks the fine tomentum of the latter ; it is merely floccose when young in the manner of .^S. niultilobaliis and .S". com- pactiis. S. Nchoiiii is dark green while ^. Fcndlcri is more or less yellowish. Neither of the species forms mats, as Prof Greene states. Heller's specimens, from the type locality of 6". Fcndlcri, agree fully with Gray's description of that species, except that the)' are more glabrate than the type. They represent a plant of several season's growth, but show nothing to indicate a matted plant. I think that Prof Greene has here confused 5. rosnlatns with the two. Prof Greene's conception of ^. Fcndlcri must be very com- prehensive, indeed, as he also includes in that such forms as S. snbciincatiis, S. canovircns, and another species, nearly related to 5. fastigiatus Nutt. This statement is founded on specimens de- termined by Prof Greene only a year or two ago and found in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. By comparing Plate 5, Fig. 6, and Plate 6, Figs, i, 3, 4 and 9, with each other, one can get an idea of Prof. Greene's conception of S. Fcndlcri. I have seen no specimens of 5". Nclsonii except the t}'pe. AUREI Slender perennials, over 2 dm. high, with a short erect caudex or footstalk, glabrous or slightly floccose when young, the wool remaining in age only at the oase of the leaves : basal leaves entire, merely toothed : stem leaves more or less pinnatifid and the upper more or less reduced : heads small, cymose, with very small and few calyculate bracts, Heads radiate. Leaves thick, more or less fleshy. Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate. Plant low, less than 2 dm. high, often with several stems from the base ; basal leaves short-petioled. Cyme dense ; upper leaves generally pinnatifid with narrow lobes. 6. S. coiiipactits. Cyme more open ; stem leaves entire or merely crenate. Basal leaves subentire or 3-toothed at the apex. 7. S. tridenticulatus.- Basal leaves crenate. 8. S. oblanceolatus. 174 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora Plant about 4-6 dm. high, simple. Leaves serrate or snbentire ; basal leaves I cm. or more, slender- petioled. 9. 6". longipetiolatus. Stem leaves with long, triangular lobes ; basal leaves 5 cm. or less. 10. S. fiilgens. Basal leaves cuneate, spatulate or broadly oblanceolate, subentire at the base. Lower stem leaves spatulate with a broad-winged petiole ; upper ones sessile and with much enlarged bases. il. S. c7-ocatits. Stem leaves neither broad- winged nor with much enlarged bases. Basal leaves crenate above the middle. 12. S. cyinbalarioidcs. Basal leaves angularly dentate. 13. 5". Jcviesii. Basal leaves sharply dentate or serrate above the middle. Lower stem leaves cuneate, plant 3-4 dm. high. 14. S. stibcuneatus. Lower stem leaves oblanceolate ; plant about 2 dm. high. 15. S. acutidens. Leaves thin. Basal leaves ovate or more commonly cordate, serrate. 16. ^. pseudaiircus. Basal leaves obovate or oval, crenate or sinuate-dentate. Stem leaves ovate in outline, with broad segments. 17. 6'. platylobus. Stem leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate in outline, with narrow segments. 18. S. flavovirens. Stem leaves spatulate or oblanceolate in outline, with short and broad segments. 19. 6*. aurellus. Head discoid. First basal leaves reniform. 20. S. ncphrophylhis. None of the leaves reniform. Plant stout ; stem leaves with broad laciniate segments. 21. 5'. Idahoensis. Plant slender ; stem leaves with narrow segments. Plant yellowish or light green ; bracts not purple-tinged. 17. S. flavovirens. Plant dark green. Basal leaves crenate ; head S-lo mm. high ; bracts purple-tinged, linear. 22. .S". paitciflorus. Basal leaves wavy ; heads about 6 mm. high ; bracts broadly lanceo- late or oblong, not purple-tinged. 23. S. fcdifoUiis. 6. Senecio compactus (A. Gray) Rydb. Mem. Torr. Club, 5 : 342. 1893 Senecio aureus var. compactus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 391. 1884. Dr. Gray's description covers two if not three species. For which of these ^. conipatus should be used is a matter of ques- tion. I have adopted it for the plant of the plains with a dense cyme and usually pinnatifid-dentate stem leaves. Dr. Gray evi- dently had this plant in mind when he adopted the name com- RvDBERG : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 175 pactus. The description seems to indicate mostly this species, which also I had in mind when I raised the variety to specific rank and it is this that is described and figured in Britton and Brown's Illustrated Flora. On the other hand if synonomy and the citation of specimens are taken in consideration, the name may have been applied to the next, for the first synonym and the first specimen cited belong to that species. [Plate 5, f. 15.] Nebraska : Valentine, J. M. Bates, j^ ; Lewellen, G. D. Stvcezey, 82 ; Fort Niobrara, 1888, T. E. Wilcox; Thedford, 1893, P. A. Rydbcrg, 1311 ; Platte Bottom, 1891, 21 1. Colorado: Plains, 1882, A//c'/i & Bn-zostcr ; Colorado Springs, 1892, Isabel Miilford. 7. Senecio tridenticulatus sp. no v. Senccio aureus var. horealis A. Gray, PI. Wright, i : 125. 1852 ; not T. & G. 1843 ; 5. aureus var. couipactus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. I': 391 ; in part. Perennial with a branched caudex, in age perfectly glabrous, or slightly floccose at the base of the leaves : stems very slender, about 3 dm. high : basal leaves very narrowly oblanceolate, thick with a slender petiole, slightly 3-toothed at the apex or wholly entire, 4—8 cm. long and 4-5 mm. wide : stem leaves linear and subentire : cyme open and corymbiform : heads 7-8 mm. high : bracts lanceolate, acute 2^ or y^ as long as the disk : rays light yellow, about 8 mm. long and 1-1.5 mm. wide, 3-nerved ; achenes hispid-puberulent on the angles. This species differs, from the preceding in the slender stem and the open cyme, and also in the form of the leaves. The latter character also separates it from the next following. It grows in wet sandy soil. The type was growing at an altitude of 2400 m. Wright's specimens are past blooming, and good characters could not be taken from them, wherefore I have made Sheldon's speci- mens the type. The latter were mixed with some of the next. [Plate 5, f. 12.] Colorado : Cottonwood Creek, Buena Vista, 1892, C. S. Shel- don (type in the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden). •Texas: Mountams beyond the Limpia, 1849, Wright, 403. 8. Senecio oblanceolatus sp. nov. Perennial with several stems from a strong root, in age glabrous or rarely slightly floccose at the base of the leaves : stems short and 176 Rydberg : Studies ox Rocky Mountain Flora stout, about 2 dm. high : basal leaves oblanceolate, thick and fleshy, 4-6 cm. long, obtuse, crenate wifh entire long tapering bases or the first subentire : stem leaves similar or reduced and linear in outline : cyme corymbiform, not compact : heads about 8 mm. high ; bracts linear acute, yellowish green ; the calyculate ones minute and few: rays 5-6 mm. long and about 1.5 mm. wide, 4-nerved : achenes minutely scabrous on the angles. This species has also been included in S. aureus coinpactus, but lacks the dense inflorescence of 5. coinpactus as here understood. The stem leaves never show any indication of being pinnatifid with narrow lobes as in that species. 5. coinpactus is a plant of the Great Plains, while 5. oblanccolatus is a mountain plant growing at an altitude of 1800-3000 m. [Plate 5, f. 9.] Colorado: Como, South Park, 1895, C. S. Crandall (type in the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden) ; El Paso County, 1897, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, JjoS ; Cottonwood Creek, ]]uena Vista, 1892, C. S. SJieldoii. 9. Senecio longipetiolatus sp. nov. A tall, simple, perfectly glabrous perennial, with a short erect rootstock : stem strict, 3-6 dm. high, terete : basal leaves oblan- ceolate, I — 1.5 dm. long, with a slend&r petiole, from serrate to subentire : lower stem leaves similar ; the upper reduced, lanceo- late, sessile, sharply serrate, or laciniate-dentate, often auricled at the base : cyme dense, corymbiform : heads 8—9 mm. high : bracts about 20, linear, acute : the calyculate ones few, minute, subulate and crisp: rays dark orange, 4-7 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, 3-4-nerved : achenes strongly angled, glabrous. In the type the basal leaves are strongly serrate, but in the Colorado plants they are indistinctly so or subentire. Baker, Earle & Tracy's specimens were named by Professor Greene, Senecio crocatus Rydb. but it is entirely distinct from anything collected by Hall & Harbour, and has nothing that fits any de- scription of S. aureus var. croceus, except the dark rays. See further remarks under ^\ crocatus. S. longipetiolatus grows at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. [Plate 6, f. 10, loa.] Wy'OMINg : Spread Creek, Teton Forest Reserve, 1897, /^ Tiveedy, j8^ (type in the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden). Colorado : Medicine Bow Range, 1891, C. S. Crandall ; Ha- mor's Lake, north of Durango, 189S, Baker, Earle & Tracy, 62 j. Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 177 lo. Senecio fulgens sp. nov. Simple and glabrous perennial with a very short caudex : stem about 3 cm. high-: basal leaves oblanceolate, thick and some- what fleshy, with the petiole about 5 cm. long, dentate or suben- tire : lower stem leaves spatulate with a winged petiole, coarsely dentate ; upper stem leaves sessile with an auricled base, lobed with triangular or triangular lanceolate lobes, acute : cyme corym- bose and rather dense : heads about 8 mm. high : bracts about I 5, oblong, acute, with a broad membranous margin ; the calyculate ones few, lanceolate : achene striate, glabrous : rays 4—5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, dark orange. Closely related to the preceding, but differing in the short basal leaves and the lobed upper stem leaves and also in the fewer and broader bracts. It grows at an altitude of about 2700 m. [Plate 6,i. 1 3-] Wyoming : Grand Creek, Teton Forest Reserve, 1897, F. Tivcedy, ^84. (type in the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden). II. Senecio CROCATus Rydb. Bull. Torn Club, 24 : 299. 1897 Sciurio aureus var. croccus A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863 : 68, 1863 ; not 5. croceus DC. 1837. When the above name was published I did not know that this variety of Gray's was a complex one. Hall & Harbour's no. Jji", which is the type, consists of two different things ; but as one of them is rayless it can not be taken as the type of the var. crocatits, which was named from its orange rays. That I did not draw a new diagnosis, I admit, was perhaps careless, but this blunder I think was not worth a page and a half of discussion as it was given by Professor Greene in Pittonia, 4 : 114-116. I committed just the same mistake as Professor Greene himself in establishing An- tcmiana media Greene, Pittonia, 3 : 286. W^hat Professor Greene says of Mr. E. Nelson in Pittonia, 4: 85 can be applied to himself. Gray's description of the var. croccus in the Proceedings of the Phil- adelphia Academy is perhaps not adequate, but this description is supplemented in the Synoptical Flora and elsewhere and I think that Senecio aureus var. croceus Gray is amply published according to all rules we have. If so, Senecio croceus Rydberg is not a nomen nudum, whatever Professor Greene may say. Professor Greene in 1897 or 1898 accepted my name, for he named Baker, Earle & 178 Rydberg : Studies ox Rocky Mountain Flora Tracy, no. 625, S. crocatns Rydberg. This mistake is just as un- pardonable because that plant shows none of the characters, assigned to S. mircus var. croccus Gray, except the color of the rays, and this character Professor Greene, agrees with me in regarding as of little value. That Professor Greene and other botanists may know what I now mean by S. crocatns I shall give a diagnosis, here following Professors Greene's example in the case oi Aiitoiiiaria media. A glabrous perennial with a short erect rootstock : stem 1.5-3 <^"^- hig''' • basal leaves 2-3 cm. long, obovate or spatulate, crenate or subentire with a winged petiole : lower stem leaves similar but with broader, winged petioles which are somewhat auricled at the base, or else oblong without distinction between blade and petiole and then more auricled : upper stem leaves ovate or triangular with very large and large-toothed auricles : cyme small and compact with 2-5 mm. heads, which are 8—10 mm. high : bracts about 20, linear : rays j—*^ mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide, orange to pale yellow, achenes striate, glabrous. [Plate 5, f 13.] Colorado : Middle Park, 1862, Hall & Harbour, jj2, in part (type) ; J2p, in small part; 1868, Geo. Vascy (Powell's Expedi- tion), jyo i> ; South Cottonwood Gulch, 1892, C. S. Sheldon; Gray's Peak, 1872, John Torrey ; (?) Little Kate Mine, 1898, Baker, Earlc & Tracy, j6g;'^^ South Park, 1871, Canby ; Long's Peak, 1886, Letternian (depauperate). Wyoming: La Plata Mines, 1895, Aven Nelson, lySg.' Senecio DiMORPHOPHYLLUS Greene, Pittouia, 4 : 109. 1900 I have not seen any specimens of this species, and hav^e not been able to include it in the key. It is described as being a foot (about 3 dm.) high, light green and with long golden-yellow rays. Otherwise the description reads much like that given above for 6". crocatns. The type was collected about Pagosa Peak, Colo., in 1899, by C. F. Baker. 12. Senecio cymbalarioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II., 7: 412. 1841 Senecio anreus borcalis Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2 : 442. 1843 J ^- (^^C'-'^ts obovatus Eat. King's Exp. 5 : 190, in part. 1871. * These specimens were named Settecio heterodoxus Greene n. sp. , but I can not find any published description. They differ from the rest in being cespitose, with less marked differentiation in the leaves and with traces of floccose pubescence at the bases of the leaves and heads. The species may be distinct. Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 179 This has sometimes orange rays and has then been confused with ^. crocatus, but it lacks the \vinged petioles of the lower leaves and the large auricles of the upper. It often reaches a height of 3 dm. and then many of the stem leaves are also spatu- late. Such a form with more permanent woolliness is Watson's no. 669 ; otherwise I cannot distinguish it from S. cyinbalariodes. [Plate 5, f I.] British AiMerica : Mackenzie River, 186 1-2, /. 5. Onion. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzuccdy, j^j, in part; Silver Bow Co., Mrs. Moore ; Jack Creek, 1897, Rydberg & Bcssey, ^266. Wyoming: Beaver Canon, 1895, Rydba-g ; Bacon Creek, 1894, Avcn Nelson, go6. Idaho : Mt. Chauvet, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 326^. Utah : Wasatch Mts., 1869, ^. IVatson, 66 g. Washington: Mt. Paddo, 1882, W. N. Suksdorf ; Columbia, Niittall (type). 13. Senecio Jonesii sp. nov. A glabrous perennial : stem about 3 dm. high, slender, terete : basal leaves rounded-obovate, sinuately toothed, sometimes with a pair of small lobes at the base ; their petioles often tinged with red : stem leaves oblanceolate in outline, pinnatifid with oblong segments, generally short-petioled : cyme corymbiform : heads about 8 mm. long: bracts 12-15, lanceolate, acuminate, about ^ as long as the disk, membranous margined ; calyculate ones few, linear : rays about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, 4-nerved : achenes very strongly striate, glabrous. Nearly related to the preceding, but differing in the toothing of the leaves and the form of the bracts. The type was collected at an altitude of 3300 m. [Plate 6, f 5.] Utah: Alta, Wasatch Mountains, 1879, ^^- ^- J^^^^^y 1123 (type in the Columbia Herbarium). 14. Senecio subcuneatus sp. nov. Perennial with a branched caudex, slightly floccose when young, glabrate in age : stems 3-4 dm. high : basal leaves about 5 cm. long, spatulate or cuneate, dentate or serrate above the middle, entire at the base and tapering into a short petiole, rather thick : lower stemleaves narrowly cuneate, short-petioled, dentate at the apex : upper ones linear and sessile, often sharply dentate : cyme corymbiform : heads about 8 mm. high: bracts about 15, 180 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora lanceolate, acute, shorter than the disk : rays 4-5 mm. long and 1.5 wide, 4-nerved : achenes striate, glabrous. This species is nearest related to 5". cymbalarioidcs but is taller, with narrov/er basal leaves, which have sharper teeth ; the heads are also much more numerous. It grows at an altitude of 2000— 2500 m. Baker, Earle and Tracy's specimens were labeled by Prof. Greene Sciiccio Fcndlcri, approaching S. compactiis. This is strange from one that claims that he has known S. Fcndlcri since o 1870.* This plant has little in common with that species or with 5. Nclsonii Rydb. [Plate 5, f. 6.] Colorado : Grizzly Creek, 1896, C. F. Baker (type in the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden); Lake City, 1878. H. W. Pease (depauperate) ; Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, 6j. 15. Senecio acutidens sp. nov. Perennial, with a thick woody rootstock and short caudex, in age glabrate or slightly floccose at the base of the leaves : stems several, about 2 dm. high, angled, more or less tinged with red : basal leaves about 5 cm. long, thick, fleshy and somewhat glau- cous, obovate or spatulate : sharply dentate above the middle, at the base entire and abruptly contracted into a slender petiole : lower stem leaves similar or oblanceolate and acute ; the upper reduced, linear, laciniate-dentate or somewhat pinnatifid : cymes corymbiform and rather dense : heads 8-10 mm. high : bracts broadly linear, acute, -A, or o/^ as long as the disk : rays about 5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, 3— 4-nerved : achenes slightly an- gled, glabrous. Nearest related to vS. eymbalarioides but the leaves are thicker, more glaucous and very acutely dentate. The perennial rootstock and caudex are also thicker and more woody. [Plate 5, f 2.] Wyoming : Union Pass, 1894, Aven Nelson, 8j8 (type in the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden). i6. Senecio pseudaureus Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club, 24: 298. 1897 This is nearest related to the eastern vS". aureus and has the same subcordate, thin, basal leaves, but these are distinctly serrate, instead of crenate. It is the most common species of the group in the Rockies, g-rowin"' in wet meadows at an altitude of 1000— 3000 m. [Plate 5, f. 10.] * See Pittonia, 4: 112. Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 181 Montana : Little Belt Mountains, 1896, Flodinan, giS (type); Madison Co., Mrs. McNuIty ; Bear Gulch, 1887, /^ Tivecdy, j^o ; Columbia Falls, Mrs. Kenned}', p ; Spanish Basin, 1897, Rvdbcrg & Bcssty, J 26 J ; Indian Creek, 326^. Wyoming : Lone Star Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, J262. Colorado : Grizzley Creek, 1896, C. F. Baker ; Long's Peak, 1886, 6". IV. Letterman ; Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earle & Traey, 45- New Mexico: Pecos River, 8 miles east of Glorietta, 1897, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, 36S2. Utah: E. Humbolt Mts., 186S, 5. Watson, 667. 17. Senecio platylobus sp. nov. ^. aureus var. eroeeus D. C. Eaton, King's Exp. 5 : 190, in part. '187 1 ; not Gray. 1863. A stout, perfectly glabrous perennial : stem about 4 dm. high, rather leafy, striate and somewhat angled : basal leaves 6—10 cm. long, slender-petioled, obovate or broadly oval, sinuately crenate- dentate, thin : lower stem leaves oblanceolate, petioled, deeply lobed or divided with rounded lobes : upper stem leaves broadly ovate in outline, sessile, pinnately divided into broadly oblong or cuneate divisions which are more or less deeply sinuate-dentate : cyme compound ; its branches corymbiform : heads about 8 mm. high ; bracts broadly lanceolate, acute, membranous margined and slightly shorter than the disk : rays 6—7 mm. long, and 3 mm. ■wide, 5 -nerved : achenes striate, glabrous. Probably nearest related to the preceding, but easily distin- guished by the form of the leaves and the broad rays. It grows at an altitude of about 1500 m. [Plate 6, f 8.] Utah : Wasatch Mountains, 1869, J5. IVatson, 6/I (type in the Torrey Herbarium). 18. Senecio flavovirens sp. nov. ^. Balsaniitae Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard., i : 446, mainl}' ; 1900 ; not Muhl. 1 804. Light or yellowish green, slender, perennial, in age glabrate or slightly floccose at the base of the leaves : stem 3-4 dm. high, striate, pale : basal leaves 3-8 cm. long, obovate or broadly oval, generally tapering into the petioles, but sometimes truncate at the bases, obtuse, crenate or sinuate, light green : lower stem leaves ob- 182 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora lanceolate in outline and petioled ; the upper lanceolate or linear in outline and sessile ; all deeply pinnatifid with narrow, oblong or linear segments : cymes contracted, corymbiform : heads 7—8 mm. high ; bracts linear, acute, yellowish-green, and occasionally with brownish tips, a little shorter than the disk ; calyculate ones few, linear, small and crisp : rays pale yellow, about 6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, 4-nerved, or very often lacking : achenes hispid- puberulent on the angles. • Nearest related to the eastern 5". Balsamitac, but characterized by its yellowish green color and a more contracted cyme. It grows at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. [Plate 5, f 4.] Idaho: Beaver Canon, 1895, Kydbcrg {tyi^ttm the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden). Montana: Deer Lodge, 1895, Rydberg, 28^0 (rayless) ; Helena, 1887, F. D. Kclscy, joi. Wyoming: Buffalo Fork, 1897, Tivccdy, jS6 ; Laramie Plains, 1889, E. L. Greene (rayless); Green River, 1894, Aven Nelson, ioj6 (rayless). 19. Senecio aurellus sp. nov. Perennial with a short rootstock, somewhat floccose when young, soon glabrate : stem striate, 4—5 dm. high : basal leaves spatulate or cuneate, dentate-serrate, about 5 cm. long, with a short petiole, soon glabrous : lower stem leaves long-petioled, cuneate or spatulate, lyrately lobed, the upper narrowly oblance- olate and subsessile, slightly auricled at the base : cyme com- pound but with rather iew heads, which are about 8 mm. high : bracts 12— 16, glabrous, yellowish-green, lanceolate, thin; caly- culate ones minute, lanceolate : rays golden-yellow, 5—6 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, 4-nerved : achenes scabrous hispidulous on the angles. In the form of the stem leaves this most resembles, perhaps, .S". rosidatns, but these are thinner and perfectly green, only slightly floccose when young. Otherwise it is intermediate between the eastern 5. Balsaniitae and 5". niultilobatus. The type was deter- mined by Professor Greene as " S. pseudaureus Rydb., not tj-pical." To that species it does not have any close relationship. [Plate 6, f 12, 12a.] Colorado: Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, ggS (type in the herbarium of New York Botanical Garden). RvDBERG : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 183 20. Senecio nephrophvllus Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden, I : 446. 1900 Related to the two preceding, but characterized by the ray- less heads, the reniform first basal leaves which resemble those of Oxyria digyna, and the pinnatifid stem leaves with their oblong blunt segments. The Colorado .specimens are much lower than the type, being about 2 dm. high. [Plate 6, f. i 5. J Montana: Big Blackfoot River, 1883, Canby, 20J. Colorado: South Park, 1872, T. C. Porter; Middle Park, Hall & Harbour, JJ2, in part. 21. Senecio Idahoensis sp. nov. Stout perennial, in age glabrate or slightly floccose at the base of the leav^es : stem 4—5 dm. high, branched, striate, tinged with purplish : basal leaves obovate, serrate : lower stem leaves oblanceolate in outline, about i dm. long, petioled ; the upper ovate or lanceolate in outline, sessile and auricled at the base ; all bluish-green, pinnately divided into oblong or oblique-cuneate in- cised segments : heads numerous, about i cm. high ; bracts about 25, very narrowly linear, equaling the disk : rays none : achenes striate, glabrous. A .species somewhat related to .S". aureus, but characterized by its broad and laciniate leaves, rayless heads and numerous very narrow bracts. [Plate 6, f 5.] Idaho : Granite Station, 1892, Saudberg, McDougal & Heller, 80J (type in the N. Y. Botanical Garden herbarium). 22. Senecio pauciflorus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 529. 18 14 This species, characterized by its few (2-6) rayless heads, linear purple tinged bracts, equaling the disk in length, and its small rounded-oval crenate basal leaves, has been collected several times in Labrador ; but exactly similar specimens are in the Torrey herbarium and were collected by Burke in the Rocky Mountains, but the locality is not given. [Plate 5, f 3.] 23. Senecio fedifolius sp. nov. A delicate glabrous perennial with a very short caudex and a clump of fibrous roots: stem slender, weak, about 1.5 dm high: basal leaves 3-5 cm. long with a slender petiole ; blade 1—2 cm. long, rounded-ovate or broadly oval, wavy or subentire : stem 184 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora leaves mostly small, pinnately divided into short oblong segments : heads 2—3, about 6 mm. high, somewhat turbinate ; bracts 12—15, broadly lanceolate, conspicuously membraneous margined : rays none : achene glabrous. The species is named from the resemblance the basal leaves have to those of certain species of ValciHanclla which genus has also been known under the name Fedia. [Plate 5, f. 7.] Colorado : South Park, 1871, W. M. Canhy (type in the her- barium of the College of Pharmacy, New York). SUBNUDI A slender perennial with a long slender horizontal rootstock, perfectly glabrous, sparingly leafy, monocephalous : basal leaves broadly obovate, coarsely crenate-dentate : heads decidedly turbi- nate with narrow linear-acuminate bracts ; calyculate bracts, if present, few, and half as long as the main series. A single species. 24. Senecio subnudus DC. Prod., 7: 428. 1837 Senccio aureus var. submidus Grd>.y , Syn. Fl. I": 391. 1884. This species has been included as a variety of S. aureus, but I think it should be regarded as the type of a distinct group. The long slender horizontal rootstock and the decidedly turbinate in- volucre is not found in any of the aureus allies. The latter char- acters would place it near S. frigidus. [Plate 6, f. 2.] Washington: Chiquash Mountains, 1892, Suksdorf, 2i6y ; Cascade Mountains, 1882, Brandegce, iiS. Oregon: 1882, T. Hoivelt ; 1871, Elihu Hall, :;o4. California: Butterfly Valley, 1874, Mrs. R. M. Austin. Montana: Park Co., 1887, Tzveedy, j^-f ; Pony, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey, j2/0. WyOxMINg : Wind River, i^^2, Fremont ; Buffalo Fork, 1897, Txveedy, jSy ; Yellowstone Park, 1884, Tzveedy, 120. . TOMENTOSI Perennials, over 2 dm. high, with a short caudex or root- stock, which often is subligneous and cespitose, floccose when young, becoming more glabrate in age, but with some wool always remaining : basal leaves, except the very first ones, from serrate or dentate to pinnatifid : stem leaves always present, but often reduced, generally pinnatifid or pinnately lobed or toothed : heads cymose, small, with kw and very small calyculate bracts. Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 185 The group is closely related to the Aurei and Lobati with which it is connected through 5. Plattciisis and 5. Fendleri respec- tively. 5". NcIso)iii and .S. iiniltilobus in young state may also be sought here. Basal leaves mostly dentate or crenate. Basal leaves suborbicular, ovate or cordate ; margins of the petioles arachnoid- tomentose. 25. S. JJaviiliis. Basal leaves obovate or spatulate. Lower stem leaves acute ; .plant dark green. 26. S. Platteiisis. Lower stem leaves obtuse ; plant yellowish green. 27. S. Neo-Mexicanus. Basal leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate. Basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, serrate. 2S .5". saliciiius. Basal leaves lanceolate, sinuate-dentate. 29. S. caiiovirciis. Some of the basal leaves entire or dentate, the rest pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. Plant conspicuously rosulate-stoloniferous ; stem leaves sinuately round-lobed. 30. .S". rosidatits. Plant not stoloniferous ; stem leaves pinnatifid with toothed lobes. 26. .S. Plattensis. All leaves pinnatifid with toothed segments. Caudex subligneous ; plant tomentose ; bracts shorter than the disk. 31. S. Fendleri. Caudex not subligneous ; plant glabrate. Bracts almost equaling the disk. 5. .S'. JVelsonii. Bracts much shorter than the disk. 4. -S". nntltilolnts. 25. Senecio flavulu.s Greene, Pittonia, 4 : 108. 1900 I have seen no specimens of this species, but from the descrip- tion it must be most nearly related to the next, differing in the more slender habit, the small leaves and their form and the peculiar arachnoid tomentum on the margins of the petioles. The type was collected by C. F. Baker at Aboles, Colo., in 1899. 26. Senecio Plattensis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 413. 1841 This species is exceedingly variable as to the leaf form as well as to the pubescence ; usually the basal leaves are merely serrate and obovate or oval in outline, but sometimes some of them are like the lower stem leaves, more or less lyrately pinnatifid. It is conspicuously floccose when young, but in age the leaves become almost glabrous and the wool remaining only on the lower part of the stem and petioles. The species belongs to the region of il e plains. [Plate 6, f 14.] 186 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora South Dakota: Brookings, 1897, L. IV. Carter; Hot Springs, \^(^2, P. A. Rydberg, 828. Colorado: Fort Collins, 1895, C. S. Crandall. Indian Territory: Sapulpa, 1895, B. F. Bush, 12^^ ; False Washita, 1868, Edzc. Pabiicr, jf.61. Kansas: Riley Co., 1895, /. B. Norton, joj ; Manhattan, 1887, IV. A. Kellcnnan ; Osborn Co., 1894, C. L. Shear, 28; Fort Riley, 1892, E. E. Sayle, ^j2. Nebraska: Lincoln, 1887, H. J. JVebber ; Fort Niobrara, 1888, T. E. JVi/eox ; Mrs. Austin ; Creete, G. D. Szveezcy. Missouri: St. Louis, 1843, E.iehl ; McDonald Co., 1891, B. F. Bush. Illinois: Oquawka, 1873, H. N. Patterson. 27. Senecio Neo-Mexicanus a. Gray, Syn. Fl. i": 392. 1884 The original publication of fhis species is generally given as Proc. Amer. Acad. 19 : 55, but no description is there to be found. As far as I can find, the one in the Synoptical Flora is the first published. Probably more than one species is included in that description and in the specimens cited below there are appar- ently three different types, but it has been impossible for me to find any constant characters by which to distinguish them. In one of them the stem leaves are more or less lyrate-pinnatifid and even the basal ones occasionally have a few lobes on the petiole, while in the others .the stem leaves are narrow and merely toothed. The tomentum is sometimes deciduous, sometimes almost persis- tent. It grows at an altitude of 1200-2500 m. [Plate 6, fig. 7.] New Mexico: Silver City, Pinos Altos Mts., 1880, E. L. Greene ; between Santa Fe and Canoncito, 1897, A. A. & E. Ger- trude Heller, jy^^ ; Organ Mts., 1895, i:. 0. Wooton ; P. V. LeRoy. Arizona: Fort Huachuca, 1892, T. E. Wileox ; 1876, E. Pal- mer, 6t^; Santa Catalina Mts, 1883, C. G. Pringle ; San Francisco Mts., 1 88 1, H. H. Rusby, 212; Mogollon Mts., 1887, E. A. Mearns, j8 ; Squaw Creek, 1887, E. A. Mearns, lyi ; Santa Rita Mts., 188 1, C. G. Pringle. 28. Senecio salicinus sp. no v. A floccose perennial, with a short cespitose'caudex : stems sev- eral, about 4 dm. high, simple below, striate and floccose : basal Rydberg : Studies ox Rocky Mountain Flora 187 leaves 5—10 cm. long, narrowly oblanceolate, the first ones sub- entire, but most of them serrate except at the tapering base, finely tomentose on both sides, but in age more glabrate above : stem leaves small, linear, sessile, dentate, slightly auricled at the base : cyme compound : the heads subumbellate at the ends of the branches, 7—8 mm. high, slightly floccose at the base : bracts yellowish, thin, lanceolate, shorter than the disk : rays light yellow, short and broad, 3—4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide : achenes striate, glabrous. A species related to 5. Fcndlcri, but characterized by the nar- row, merely serrate basal leaves, the small subumbellate heads in a short, flat-topped inflorescence with widely spreading ultimate branches. It grows in the foothills at an altitude of about 1800 m. [Plate 6, f. 6.] Colorado: J. Laramie Co., 1895, J. H. Cowcn (type in the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden). 29. Senecio canovirens sp. nov. Stout perennial with a short erect rootstock, dark green, floc- cose with more or less deciduous wool : stem 4—5 dm. high, looseh^ floccose: basal leaves 5-12 cm. long, short-petioled ; blades lan- ceolate or oblanceolate, sinuately toothed, dark green, firmly floc- cose, in age almost glabrate above : lower stem leaves similar ; upper ones linear, sinuately dentate with rather acute teeth : cyme with erect or ascending branches : heads 7—8 mm. high, turbinate campanulate ; bracts 12—14, oblong, linear, floccose at the base and more or less villose, acute, brownish on the back and with yellowish margins : rays 5—6 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, at first orange, in age paler, 4— nerv^ed : achenes glabrous, striate. The type was determined by Prof. Greene as Scnccio Fciidlcri, but it is very unlike the typical form of the aggregate that has been known under that name. The dark green color, the leaves which are merely toothed, never pinnatifid and still less bipinnatifid as they often are in 6". Fcndlcri easily distinguish it from that species. The perennial caudex and rootstock are similar to that of 5. Fcnd- lcri but less thick and less woody and, as far as seen from the specimens, not branched. It grows at an altitude of about 2000 m. [Plate 6, f. 9.] New Mexico: White Mountains, 1897, F. O. Wooton, 2^4. (type in the herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden) ; Organ Moun- tains, ^pj. Colorado: Pike's Peak, 1895, Mrs. S. L. Clarke. 188 Rydberg : Studies ox Rocky Mouxtaix Flora Sexecio mutabilis Greene, Pittonia, 4: 113. 1900 As I have seen no specimens of this species I have not been able to include it in my key. It may be the same as the preced- ing, but several characters given in the description do not agree with it, especially the deeply tridentate rays. Professor Greene is always criticizing other botanists for drawing vague descriptions. No better example of just such a description can be given than the one here made by himself 30. Senecio rosulatus sp. nov. Seuirio aureus var. Balsaiiiitac A. Gra)', Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863 : 68, in part. More or less tomentose perennial, with a branched rootstock and generally numerous underground stolons producing leafy off- sets : stems 2-3 dm. high, floccose or sometimes becoming almost glabrate in age ; first leaves of the offsets spatulate and entire ; other basal leaves and lower stem leaves oblanceolate, finely white tomentose especially on the lower surface, occasionally becoming more glabrate in age, sinuately pinnatifid with rounded lobes, petioled : upper stem leaves lanceolate or linear, sessile, auricled at the base also with rounded lobes : cyme corymbiform, open : heads small, 5-6 mm. high, floccose at the base : bracts about 12, broadly lanceolate, acute, yellowish with rather broad membranous margins, much shorter than the disk : ra}'s about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, 4— 5 -nerved : achenes strongly striate, glabrous. The species has been confused with 5. Faidlcri, but is distin- guished by the more slender rootstock and the numerous branches forming offsets, the entire first leaves not seen in that species and the short rounded entire lobes of the stem leaves. The heads are usually also smaller. It grows at an altitude of 2500-4000 m. [Plate 6, f. 4, 4a.] Colorado: Georgetown, 1885, N. H. Patterson jg (type); Golden City, 1892, E. L. Greene; 1862, Hall &• Harbonr, jjj, in part; 1871, IV. M. Can by ; Twin Lakes, 1873, /. M. Coulter; Pike's Peak, 1884, G. IV. Lctterman, 260; Caribou, 1891, E. Penard, 228 ; Fort Collins, 1896, C. F. Baker; Silver Plume, Gray's Peak, and Georgetown, 1895, P. A. Rydberg. 31. Senecio Fexdleri Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II, 4 : 108. 1849 The typical 5. Fendleri is a rather rare plant with a decidedly woody rootstock and caudex. None of the specimens seen show Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 189 any sign of entire leaves nor of subterranean stolons. The leaves are often bipinnatifid or pinnatifid with oblong toothed, and acutish segments. See also the remarks given under 5. Nclsonii. [Plate 6, f 3.] New Mexico: Santa Fe Canon, 1897, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, 3774. Colorado: iZj^, Brandcgce, 346. Utah : Salt Lake City, 1869, 5. Watson. Kxplaiiatloii of Plates Unless otherwise stated, the drawings represent basal leaf, stem leaf selected a little above the middle of the stem and the head of each species. The leaves are re- duced to one half and the heads are of natural size. Plate 5 1 . S. cymbalarioides Nutt. 2. S. acutidens Rydb. 3. .S". pauciflorus Pursh. 4. S. Jlavovireiis Rydb. 5 . S. Jonesii Rydb. 6. S. subcuneatus Rydb. 7. S. fedif alius "Rydh. 8. S. Greggii Rydb. 1. S. Nehonii Rydb. 2. S. sttbiiudus DC. 3. .S". Fendleri A. Gray. 4. S. ros Hiatus Rydb. 4^?. An offset of the same. 5. S. Idahoensis Rydb. 6. S. saliciuus Rydb. 7. .S. Neo-Mexica)ius A. Gray. 8. S. platylobus Rydb. 9. S. canovircns Rydb. 9. S. oblanceolatus Rydb. 10. ..S". pseudaureus Rydb. 11. S. inillelobatus Rydb. I2f S. tridenticulaius Rydb. 13. S. crocatus Rydb. 14. S. sanguisoiboides Rydb. 15. .5". compactus (A. Gray) Rydb. Plate 6 10. .S'. longipetiolatus Rydb. (from type). \oa. Basal leaf from Baker, Earle Of Tracy, 62 j. 11. S. multilobatns Torr. & Gray. 12. S. aurellus Rydb. 1 2a. Lower stem leaf of the same. 13. S. fulgeiis Rydb. 14. S. Plattensis Nutt. 15. .S". 7itphrophyllus Rydb. BUI.L. TORR. BOT. Cl.UH, 27. I'l,. 5. RYDHERG ON SENECIO. Bull. Torr. Box, Club, 27. Pl. 6. RYDBERG ON SENECIO. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL • GARBEN-BHI No. 9 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA— II BY P. A. RYDBERG NEW YORK 1900 1 Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 27 : sm-sss. 26 Oct., 1900. i^SW Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora — II By p. a. Rydberg THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPECIES OF MELANTHACEAE There has been a great deal of misunderstanduig regarding the species belonging to the family Melanthaceae (perhaps more com- monly regarded as a sub-family of Liliaceae). Especially is this true with respect to the species growing in the Rocky Mountain region. In order that some of the confusion may be cleared up and a way may be opened to further study of the group my present views are here offered. The family is represented in the Rockies by at least five genera and seventeen species. Of these I have found myself obliged to describe one genus and seven species as new. The genera are as follows : TOFIELDIA Huds. This is represented by three species, distinguished as follows : Stem glabrous, scapose ; seeds iinappendaged. T. palnstris. Stem viscid-pubescent at least above ; seeds appendaged. Bractlets broadly triangular, connate for two thirds of their length. T. intermedia. Bractlets lanceolate-triangular, connate half their length or less. T. oecidentalis. ToFiELDiA PALUSTRis Huds. Fl. Aug. Ed. 2, I : 175 A subalpine species of wet places, growing in America from Greenland to Alaska and from the Arctic coast south to Quebec and British Columbia. It is also found in subarctic Europe. The following specimen from the Rockies is in. the New York Herbaria : British Columbia: Rocky Mountains, 1890, Jolin Maconn. Tofieldia intermedia sp. nov. Toficldia glutinosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 179, in part. 1838. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 184. Not Pursh. A slender perennial with more or less leafy stem, 1.5—3 <^"''- high, viscid-pubescent above. Leaves 5-20 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, obtuse or acute : raceme short, dense, 1-2 cm. long : bracts (528) 529 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora broad, ovate : pedicels usually 3 together, very short, in fruit 1-4 mm. long: bractlets under the flowers 3, broadly triangular, con- nate for about two thirds their length : flowers yellow : sepals obovate, 4-5 mm. long : petals somewhat narrower and longer : capsule ovoid, about 5 mm. long : beaks about i mm. long, spread- ing : seeds appendaged. This has been confused with the eastern T. gbitinosa Pers. which has an elongated raceme, longer pedicels, and oblong subequal sepals and petals, about 4 mm. long. All specimens from the west referred to T. ghitinosa may belong to T. intermedia. At least all that I have seen do so. T. intermedia grows in bogs to an altitude of 2,700 m. from Saskatchewan to Alaska, British Columbia and Wyoming. The following specimens belong to it: Alaska: Sheh-Shooh Lake, 1895, M. IV. Gorman, /(^ (type) ; Yes Bay, 1895, Thos. Hoivell, 1666 ; Khantaak Island, 1892, F. Fnnston, ^j ; Sitka, Bongard. British Columbia: Summit of Selkirk Mountains, 1890, Jolin Maconn. Washington : Totoish Mountains, 1897, 0. D. Allen 2yjf.i}) Montana: Flathead River, 1892, R. S. Williams, gij ; Granite, 1892, Kelsey ; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canbj, J28. Wyoming: Cement Creek, 1897, i^. Tioeedy, jj6. ToFiELDiA occiDENTALis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 283. 1879 This species is distinguished from the preceding by the nar- rower, less connate bractlets, longer pedicels, narrower sepals, larger capsule, 8 mm. long, and longer ascending beaks. The following specimen from the Rocky Mountain region is in the New York Herbaria. British Columbia : Avalanche Mountain, 1890, /. M. Maconn. XEROPHYLLUM This genus is represented by two species : Petals and sepals 7-10 mm. long. X. tenax. Petals and sepals 4-6 mm. long. X. Dottglasii. Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. Am. i : 235. 1818 Helonias tenax Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. 243. 18 14. X. Douglasii Rydb, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 92 ; not Wats. Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 530 This has been greatly confused with the following. Watson stated that X. Doiiglasii was collected on the Hayden Surveys of the Yellowstone Park, but does not cite any locality in the Rocky Mountains for X. tcnax. Coulter in his Manual of the Rocky Mountain Region included consequently a description of the for- mer, but none of the latter. As this book is the one most used by Rocky Mountain botanists, all specimens of Xcropliylhnn from that region have therefore been labeled X. Donglasii. I made the same mistake in preparing my Catalogue of the Flora of Montana. All the specimens cited there belong to X. tciiax instead of X. Donglasii. Besides the Montana specimens there cited, the fol- lowing Rocky Mountain specimens belong to this species : British Columbia: Toad Mountain, Kootenay Lake, 1890 /. M. Macoiin. Idaho: Kootenay Co., 1888, /. H. Saunders; Wiessner's Peak, 1892, Sandbcrg, MacDongal & Heller, jSS. Xerophyllum Douglasii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14 : 284. 1879. I have not seen any Rocky Mountain specimen of this species, but include it on the authority of Dr. Watson who referred to it the specimens from the Hayden Collection metioned above. Stenanthella gen. nov. Erect bulbous glabrous herbs with few narrow leaves and race- mose or paniculate perfect greenish, brownish or purplish flowers. Petals and sepals each 3, subequal, withering-persistent, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, with reflexed tips, and at last involute, without gland and distinct claw. Stamens 6, free, included ; anthers reni- form, confluently i -celled. Ovary ovoid, superior; styles 3. Capsule lance-ovoid, 3-beaked, septicidal to the base, wholly su- perior. Seeds oblong, winged. Dr. Gray included the species belonging here in Stenanthiuui, but the genus is better defined than many of the recognized gen- era in the family. In Steiiaiithiiiin, the flowers are pol}'gamous, open, not campanulate in outline, the base of the ovary is inferior, the tip of the petals and sepals not reflexed and the general habit different. The genus Stenauthella contains two known species, one from the island Sachalin, S. Sachalinensis [Steiianthium Sach- alinense F. Schmidt), and the following : 531 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora Stenanthella occidentalis (A. Gray) Rydb. n. n. StcnaiUliiuni occidcntalc A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 405. The species ranges from Alberta and British Columbia to Ore- gon and Idaho. The following specimens are from the Rockies : Montana: Deer Lodge, 1892, J/m Emma Ware; Flathead Riv^er, 1883, Canby, jj2 ; Big Blackfoot, Caiiby ; divide between Hell Gate and Blackfoot, 1880, JVatson ; Columbia Falls, 1894, R. S. Williams. Alberta and British Columbia: Rocky Mountains, 1858, E. Boitrgcau ; Kicking Horse Lake, iZZj , Jolin Macoun. Idaho: Kootenay Co., 1890,7! B. Lcibcrg, 4^12. VERATRUM L. Flowers greenish, bractlets foliaceous, often equaling or exceeding the flowers. V. viride. Flowers white or yellowish white ; bractlets membranous, much shorter than the pedi- cels and flowers. V. speciosum. Veratrum viride Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 422. 1789 V. lobeliamim /9 EsclischoltziaiiiDJi R. & S. Syst. 7 : 1555. 1 829. V. Eschscholtcii Grsiy, Ann. Lye. X. Y. 4 : 119. 1837. If the western plant should be included in V. viride or not, is doubtful. The eastern plant extends west to Minnesota and the western is found first on the Pacific slope in Idaho and British Co- lumbia. Both are very variable and no good character has been found to separate the two. As a rule the western plant has shorter stamens and bracts ; the former scarcely half as long as the petals and sepals. The western range of V. viride or J^. Eschscholtziaintm, whatever name it should bear, is from southern Alaska to Oregon and Idaho. The following are the only specimens seen from the Rockies. Idaho : Packsaddle Peak, 1892, Saudbcrg, MacDougal & Hel- ler, 86 J. Veratrum speciosum sp. nov. Veratnim Californiciim Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14 : 277 ; in part. 1879. Not Durand. A stout, more or less pubescent, very leafy plant, 1-3 m. high. Leaves, except the uppermost, broadly oval, 2-3 dm. long, 1-2 Rydberg : Studies ox Rocky Mountain Flora 532 dm. wide, obtuse or acute, glabrous above, finely soft-pubescent beneath, sessile and sheathing : panicle many-flowered with ascend- ing branches : bracts lanceolate, foliaceous : bractlets membranous, yellowish, ovate, acuminate, shorter than the flowers and pedi- cels : petals and sepals yellowish white, oval or broadly oblanceo- late, mostly obtuse, 5— /-nerved, 8—10 mm. long, 4—5 mm. wide : capsule oblong, about 3 cm. long and 12 mm. in diameter: seeds oblong, 7—8 mm. long with a wide white wing-margin. In looking over the .specimens of V. Califoruiciun in the Co- lumbia Herbarium I found one specimen collected in Oregon on the Wilkes' Expedition, which looked very unlike the rest, having a narrower and denser panicle and narrower and more acutish petals and sepals. I took it out and placed it in the cover used for the specimens not named. I found in that cover a similar specimen. On the label was giv^en neither locality nor the col- lector's name ; but on the sheet was pasted a paper with a tracing of the basal leaves, the description of ["^ Califoriiicnin E. Durand and some remarks, among others the words " petiole 3—4 inches long." The specimens are presumably a part of the type of V. Californicuin or at least have been compared with Durand's speci- mens and the notes made by Durand himself Durand in his de- scription expressively states that the lower stem-leaves are petioled. As this is never the case in the plant of the northern Rockies and the Columbia Valley, I am certain that the plant generally re- garded as V. CalifoDiicimi and from which Dr. Watson's descrip- tion in his revision was mainly drawn is perfectly distinct from Durand's plant. The latter is a rare plant judging from the fact that I have not seen more than the two specimens mentioned above. V . spcciosiiin ranges from Montana to Washington, California and Colorado, reaching a maximum altitude of 2,500 m. MoNTAX.Y : Bridger Mountains, 1896, Flodinan, j^/ (type); Little Belt Mountains, J^^Vz : Bozeman, P. Koch ; Deer Lodge Co., Eniinx Ware ; Belt Park, 1886, R. S. WiJliauis, 47 j ; Belt Creek, 1883, Scribner, 28 j ; Lo-Lo Creek, 1880, Watson. Idaho: Lake Pend d'Oreille, 1892, Sandberg, MacDougal &■ Heller, 74.1 ; Kootenay Co., 1886, /. H. Sandberg ; Lake Waha, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrnde Heller, jjSo; 1892, Isabel Mulford. Utah : Heber Valley, 1869, -S". Watson, 116 j ; American Fork Canon, 1880, M. E. Jo)ies. 533 RvDBERG : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora Washington: 1889, G. R. Vascy. Oregon : J. S. Nczvberry. California: Modoc Co., 1893, M. S. Baker; 1865, //. yV. Bolander, 62 jj ; Mt. Shasta, 1897, H. E. Broivii. Colorado: Pagosa Peak, 1899, C. F. Baker, 2j8 {?). (This has smaller flowers, petals and sepals being only 6—8 mm. long.) ZYGADENUS Michx. Much confusion has existed in this genus. The species of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana have been variously named Z. Niittallii, Z. venenosns and more rarely Z. panicnlahis, but much complaint has been made that they do not fit Watson's descrip- tions. Some have complained that those descriptions have been too narrow, others that there is no line to be drawn between Z. veneiiosiis and Z. pauieulat?is and that both those species come to- near Z. Niittallii. Dr. Watson's descriptions of Z. venenosns and Z. paniciilatus are unusually good and correct. He knew them both from the field. The common Rocky Mountain plants belong to neither. Z. veucnosiis does not grow east of Idaho and Z. paii- iailatns not east of Utah, while Z. Niittallii is a species of the plains and I doubt that it is found at all in the Rocky Mountain States. The Rocky Mountain species are distinguished as follows : Gland obcordate ; base of ovary inferior. Petals and sepals 7-8 mm. long, 7-13-nerved. Z. elegans. Petals and sepals 5-6 mm. long, 3-7-nerved. Z. Coloradeiisis. Gland obovate or semi-orbicular ; ovary wholly superior. Petals and sepals more or less clawed ; filaments adnate to the base of the claws. Petals and sepals rounded or obtuse at the apex. Upper leaves without sheaths at the base ; both petals and sepals long- clawed and sub-cordate at the base*; gland with a thick margin. Z. veiienosus. All leaves with distinct sheaths ; petals long-clawed and sub-cordate at the base ; sepals short-clawed ; margin of the gland ill-defined. Petals and sepals 4-5 mm. long ; petals ovate ; leaves 3-5 mm. wide. Z. graminetis. Petals and sepals 6-8 mm. long ; petals oblong ; leaves 5-9 mm. wide. Z. htter/nedius. Petals and sepals acute or acuminate at the apex ; all leaves with sheaths ; sepals cuneate at the base and short-clawed. Leaves less than 5 mm. wide ; petals and sepals both cuneate at the base and short-clawed. Z. acutus. Rydberg: Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 534 Leaves over 5 mm. wide. Raceme simple ; petals long-clawed and suhcordate at the base. Z. f ale at tun. Raceme branched ; petals short-clawed, not sub-cordate at the base. Z. paniculatuin. Petals and sepals clawless ; gland obovate with a poorly defined margin ; fila- ments free. Z. Ahittallii. Zygadenus elegaxs Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i : 241. 18 14 The typical Z. clcgans is a \vestern plant, mainly belonging to the Rocky Mountain region, where it grows in meadows up to an altitude of 2500 m. If the eastern plant or Z. glaiicus of Nuttall, should be included in this species, is very doubtful. It is always darker green, more glaucous, inflorescence more paniculately branched, the petals and sepals narrower and more greenish. It ranges from New Brunswick to Minnesota and south to Vermont. The range of Z. clcgans proper is from Saskatchewan to Alaska, south to Colorado and Nevada. Zygadenus Coloradensis sp. nov. A rather slender glabrous plant, 2-4 dm. high. Bulb ovoid, about 2 cm. long and 1-1.5 cm. in diameter: leaves narrow, erect, about 2 dm. long, 3-5 mm. wide : flowers racemose, yel- lowish white-tinged with brownish or purplish : bracts linear- lanceolate, all equaling or exceeding the pedicels : petals and sepals 5-6 mm. long, 3— 7 -nerved, oblong or narrowly obovate, acute: capsule ovoid, 15-18 mm. long and "j-"^ mm. in diameter. Z. Coloradensis is closely allied to Z. clcgans, differing in the smaller flowers, greener foliage, long and narrow bracts equaling or exceeding the pedicels and a brownish or purplish tint of the inflorescence, bracts and flowers. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of 2500-3500 m. Colorado: Idaho Springs, 1895, Rydberg [type) \ Leroux Creek, 1892, /. H. Coivcn ; La Plata, 1873, Coulter ; Caribou, 1 89 1, Dr. E. Pcnard ; Empire, 1892, H. N. Patterson, 2gS. Zygadenus venenosus Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 279. 1879 This species is characterized by its narrow leaves, of which the upper lack the scarious sheaths, and by the thick, prominent * When the petals or sepals are sub- cordate at the base and long- clawed the gland is at the very base but when they are acute at the base the gland is a little higher up on the blade. 535 Rydberg: Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora glands. It is more slender and strict than all the species except Z. aaitus, which is easily distinguished by its acute sepals and petals. Z. vciicuosiis grows mostly on hillsides at low altitudes, scarcely ascending higher than 2000 m. It ranges from Idaho and British Columbia to California and Utah. The following Rocky Mountain specimens belong here : Utah: Parley's Peak, 1869, 6". Watson, ii6j. Idaho: Keeley's Hot Springs, iSg2, Isabel Mulfoi'd ; Big Pot- lash River, 1892, Sandbcrg, MacDoiigal & Heller, Jig ; Little Potlash River, ^07. Zygadenus gramineus sp. nov. Zygadenus veiienosns Rydb. Cont. U. Dep. Ag. 3: 525. 1896. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card, i : 93 in part. Not S. Wats. A slender yellowish-green plant, 2—3.5 d'"- ^^ig^^- Bulb elongated ovoid, 2-3 cm. long and 1-1.5 cm. in diameter: leaves narrowly linear, scabrous on the margins and the midrib, 1-2 dm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, conduplicate and somewhat falcate, all with distinct scarious sheaths surrounding the stem : racemes rather short : bracts scarious, lanceolate, long-acuminate : flowers light yellow : sepals broadly ovate, obtuse at the apex, acute at the base and very short-clawed : petals ovate, obtuse, subcordate at the base and with claws about i mm. long : glands almost semi-orbic- ular ; upper margin toothed, but thin and not well defined : cap- sule elongated ovoid, 8-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. in diameter. Z. grannneus resembles somewhat the preceding, but is lower, of a yellowish color ; its stem leaves are evidently sheathed, the sepals are short clawed, not subcordate at the base and the gland thin and without a distinctly thickened upper border. Z. grandiieus grows on hillsides up to an altitude of 2500 m. ; from Saskatchewan and Alberta, south to western Nebraska and Idaho. Montana: Spanish Basin, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 384.8 (type); 1896, Flodinan, j^j ; Helena, 1891, F. D. Kclscy. Idaho: Beaver Cafion, 1895, Rydberg. South Dakota : Hot Springs, 1892, Rydberg, 1051. Wyoming: Yellowstone Park, 1888, Dr. Chas. H. Hall. Saskatchewan: 1858, E. Bourgeaji. Zygadenus intermedius sp. nov. Zygadenus venenosiis Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 93 in part. 1900. Not Nutt Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 536 A rather stout light green plant, 3-6 dm. high. Bulb elon- gated ovoid, about 3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. in diameter : leaves scabrous on the midrib and margins, 2 dm. or more long, 5-9 mm. wide, keeled and sometimes conduplicate ; all with conspicu- ous scarious sheaths at the base : raceme rather long : flowers light yellow ; petal and sepals 6-8 mm. long, obtuse ; the for- mer broadly ovate, and acute or rounded at the base and short- clawed ; the latter oblong subcordate at the base and with a claw I mm. long : glands as in the preceding. Like the preceding but taller and stouter, in habit resembling mostly Z. pcDiicnlatHS, except that the inflorescence is seldom branched. It is easily distinguished from that species by the ob- tuse petals and sepals and by the distinct claws and the subcordate bases of the petals. It grows on dry hillsides up to an altitude of 2000 m. in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming and Utah. Idaho: Nez Perces Co., 1892,/. H. Sandbcrg, I0j6^ (type); Peter Creek, 1892, Sandbcrg; MacDoiigal & Heller, 11^; Lewis- ton, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, jopj. Utah: Farmington, 1881, M. E. Jones, 2ogi. Wyoming: Laramie Hills, 1894, Aveii Nelson, 2j^. Montana : Deer Lodge, 1895, F. N. N'otestein; Bridger Moun- tains, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey,jS^g. Zygadenus acutus sp. nov. A very slender light green plant, 3-5 dm. high. Bulb rounded ovate, 1.5— 2 cm. long, i — 1.5 cm. in diameter: leaves narrowly linear, scabrous on the margin, about 2 dm. long and 4-5 mm. wide, keeled and often conduplicate : flowers pale yellow : petals and sepals 4—5 mm. long ; both acute at the apex and at the base, very short-clawed : glands obovate or cuneate ; upper margin toothed, thin and not well defined. In habit closely resembling Z. venenosus, but easily distin- guished by the acute, short-clawed petals and sepals, which are both cuneate at the base. The only specimens seen are the fol- lowing : South Dakota: Box Elder Creek, Black Hills, 1887, W. S. Rnsby. Zygadenus falcatus sp. nov. Z. Nuttallii Porter & Coult. Syn. Fl. Colo. 133. In part. 1874. Not A. Gray. 537 Rydberg : Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora A rather stout light green plant 3-4 dm. high. Bulbs rounded ovoid, 3-4 cm. long and about 3 cm. in diameter : leaves scabrous, especially on the margins and midribs, 1.5-2.5 dm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, keeled, conduplicate, and generally decidedly falcate, all with scarious sheaths : raceme short, in fruit elongated : flowers yellow : petals and sepals about 5 mm. long, acute ; the former deltoid ovate, acute at the base ; the latter ovate, sub-cordate at the base and with claws i mm. long : glands semi-orbicular, upper margin toothed, thin and not well defined : capsule ovoid cylindrical. All the specimens cited below have been named Z. Nnttallii though the plant is more closely related to Z. pa)nciilatns, from which it differs in the distinctly clawed petals which are subcordate at the base. These characters, together with the more distinct glands and the slightly adnate filaments, distinguish it from Z. Nnttallii. Z.falcatns inhabits the foothills of Colorado at an alti- tude of about 1500 m. Colorado: Fort CoUins, 1893, C. S. Crandall {\.y^€)\ 1896. C. F. Bakei' ; Denver, 1873,/. M. Coulter. Zygadenus paniculatus (Nutt.) Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 5 : 343, 1871 Hclonias paiiiLiilciital:^\.\\.\.. ]ov\n'\. Phila. Acad. 7: 57. 1834. It is well characterized by Watson and easily distinguished by its stout habit, generally branched inflorescence, and rhombic- ovate acute and almost clawless petals and sepals. It grows on- hills up to an altitude of 1500 m., ranging from Montana and Washington to New Mexico and California. The following Rocky Mountain specimens belong here : Utah: Ogden, Capt. Stansbnry ; City Creek Cafion, 1880,7]/. E. Jones, iSy^. Idaho: Boise, i^g2, Isabel Alulford. Montana: Grasshopper Valley, 1880, Watson {?). Zygadenus Nuttallii A. Gray, in Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14 : 279- 1879 AuiiaiitJiiinii Nuttallii Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4 : 123. This is evidently a species belonging to the plains. All the specimens in the Columbia and N. Y. Botanical Garden herbaria are from Arkansas and Kansas. Dr. Watson included Texas and Rydberg: Studies on Rocky Mountain Flora 538 Colorado in the range. The Texan plant referred here by him, belongs to an altogether different plant. I think that Colorado also should be excluded, believing that all specimens found there and labeled Z. Nuttallii belong to Z. falcatiis, which resembles it most in general habit, but has an altogether different flower. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 10 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA— III BY P. A. RYDBERG NEW YORK 1900 I Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 27 : 6li,-636. 29 Dec, 1900. J ' ' T A m I ^ Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora.— Ill ^ By p. a. Rydberg SOME SMALLER GENERA OF COMPOSITES STENOTUS Nutt. This genus was established by Nuttall in 1840. It was re- tained as a genus by Torrey and Gray in their Flora, but merged with several others into Aplopappus by Gray in his Synoptical Flora. A few years ago (1894), Professor Greene reestablished the genus, removing from it, however, a member erroneously placed in the genus by Torrey and Gray, viz., Stcnotiis pygJiiacus Torrey and Gvdiy (^Aplopappus prgiiiciCNS Gr^.y),\\h.\ch.\\Q referred to Afacro- neuia.^ If such a transfer was the very best is questionable, for that species is as much a stranger in Macj'onenia as it is in Stcnotiis. It has the outer bracts foliaceous and the style-appendages long and attenuated which are characters found in Macroncuia ; but the habit is very unlike jSIacroiiciiia and the outer foliaceous bracts are numerous as in Pyrrocojiia. I had some transient thought of trans- ferring it to that genus ; but the purely white pappus, the densely cespitose habit, and the lack of the thick taproot, debar it from Pyrrocoma. These characters ally it to Solidago ; but the differ- ence in structure of the outer and the inner bracts makes it un- natural to place it there as well. It is very hard to decide which would be the best course to take, either to place it as an anoma- lous member of one of these genera or to make it the type of a new genus. Perhaps some other and better relationship maybe found. Of the other species included in Aplopappus § Stenotus by Gray, A. Parryiis, I think, rightly referred to Solidago. A. Lyallii was altogether omitted by Professor Greene, when he made the segregation in Pittonia. He may have overlooked this, but it is more probable that he omitted it, because he did not know where to place it. The relationship is without any doubt closest with Solidago, notwithstanding the solitary head. * In a recent distribution of plants from Colorado determined by Professor Greene, this was distributed under its original name Sffiiotiis pygmaeus, 614 615 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora By removing Stenotics lineanfoliiis Torr. & Gray and S. interior Greene, which constitute a good genus, the genus Stenotus be- comes a very natural one,' with only one somewhat aberrant mem- ber, S. lanuginosus which approaches Pyrroconm innloides and its relatives in habit. The Rocky Mountain species are distinguished as follows : Plant glabrous or puberulent ; leaves firm and evergreen. Leaves linear to filiform. I. S. stenophyllus. Leaves mostly oblanceolate. Bracts lanceolate, acute. Plant puberulent. Bracts in 3 series, broad, with broad scarious margins. 2. S. acaiilis. Bracts in 2 series, narrow, with narrow scarious margins. 3. S. Andersonii. Plant glabrous. Stem-leaves oblanceolate, 1-2 cm. long. 4. S. caespitosus. Stem-leaves linear, 4-7 cm. long. 5. S. falcalits. Bracts oval or oblong, very obtuse. 6. S. annerioides. Plant floccose ; leaves softer, not evergreen. 7. S. lamigino.us. 1. Stenotus stenophyllus (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 72. 1894 Aplopappns stenopJiyllns A. Gray, U. S. Expl. Hxp. 17 : 347. 1862-74. This species grows on stony hills and mountains and ranges from western Idaho and Washington to California. 2. Stenotus acaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 : 334. 1840 Oirysopsis acanlis Nutt. Journ. Phil. Acad. 7 : 33. 1834. Aplopappns acanlis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7 : 353. 1867. This is a rather common species, growing on dry rocky hills and mountains at an altitude of 1000—2500 m., from Saskatche- wan and Washington to Wyoming and California. 3. Stenotus Andersonii sp. no v. A puberulent, cespitose, but less woody perennial than the pre- ceding and the three next following species. Flowering stems about I dm. high, leafy at the base, few-leaved above : leaves nar- rowly oblanceolate, not very rigid, distinctly 3-ribbed, 3—5 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide : bracts ne^rrowly lanceolate, acute, glandular. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora G16 puberulent, with a very narrow scarious margin, imbricated in 2 series : achenes somewhat fusiform, about 4 mm. long, grayish or white villous as in the other species. This species is nearest related to the preceding, but character- ized by the less rigid leaves, the fewer and narrower involucral bracts, the involucre being more that of 5. laniiguios7is. The type was collected on dry open hills. Montana: Belt Mountains, 1886, i^ VV. Anderson, j^6i .* 4. Stenotus CAESPiTOSUS Nutt. Trans.Am.Phil.Soc.il. 7: 335. 1840 Chrysopsis cacspitosa Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7 : 33. 1834. Aplopappus acaulis var. glabratiis D. C. Eaton, King's Exped. 5 : 161. 1871. This grows on dry hills and mountains, at an altitude of looo- 3000 m., from Montana and Idaho to Nevada, Arizona and Wyoming. 5. Stenotus falcatus sp. nov. A glabrous cespitose perennial, with a woody caudex, resem- bling ^^ ariiicrioidcs in habit. Flowering stems 10-15 cm. high, leafy, 1-3-cephalous :' basal leaves oblanceolate, rigid, obtuse or acute, 4-5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, 3-ribbed ; stem leaves linear, 4-7 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, more or less falcate : heads about i cm. high : bracts lanceolate, acute, with scarious margin : rays (S-'j mm. long, 2.5-3 f""^- wide. This species differs from S. annerioides, which it closely re- sembles in the narrower and acute involucral bracts. It grows in barren soil at an altitude of about 1500 m. Utah : Red Creek, 1877, Dr. E. Palmer, 202 (type) ; Milford, 1880, M. E. Jones, 1S04. 6. Stenotus armerioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 : 335- 1840 Aplopappns armerioides A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 132. 1884. This species grows on dry hills and bad-lands, at an' altitude of 1000-2000 m., from Manitoba and Assiniboia to Utah, New Mexico and western Nebraska. * Unless otherwise stated, the types of the new species described are preserved in the herbaria of the New York Botanical Garden or of Columbia University. 617 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 7. Stenotus lanuginosus (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 72. 1894. Aplopappns lanuginosus A. Gray, U. S. Expl. Exped. 17 : 347. 1862-74. This species is a rather anomalous member of the genus, as the leaves are not rigid, and scarcely evergreen. In habit it re- sembles somewhat some species of Pyrrocovia, as for instance, P. inuloidcs ; but it has the thin involucral bracts and the white pap- pus of Stenotus. It grows on the mountains of Washington, northern Idaho and Montana. Stenotopsis gen. nov. Low shrubs with fastigiate branches, narrow fasciculate glan- dular punctate leaves and large peduncled heads. Involucre broadly hemispherical ; its bract subequal, almost in a single series, linear lanceolate, thin scarious-margined, not at all hebaceous. Recep- tacle naked, alveolar. Ray-flowers about 12, ligulate, yellow, large, pistillate and fertile. Disk-flowers perfect : their corollas tubular-trumpet shaped, deeply 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style branches stigmatic their whole length, with ovate to lanceolate-subulate appendages. Achenes densely silvery-villous. Pappus of white capillary bristles, rather deciduous. The genus contains two known species. It differs mainly from Stenotus in its shrubby habit and glandular punctate leaves. Leaves 3-4 cm. long ; rays II-14 mm. long. I. .S". liuearifolius. Leaves 1-2 cm. long ; rays 9-II mm. long. 2. .S*. iiiten'or. 1. Stenotopsis linearifolia (DC.) Aplopappns linearifolius DC. Prod. 5 : 347. 1836. Stenotus linearifolius Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2 : 238. 1842. This species is a shrub 3- 10 dm. high, and grows on dry hills, from Utah to California and Arizona. 2. Stenotopsis interior (Coville) Aplopappns interior Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7- 65. 1892. Stenotus i/iterior Greene, Erythea, 2 : 72. 1892. Its range is further southwest, from southern Utah to Arizona and southern California. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora G18 MACRONEMA Nutt. This genus was also established by Nuttall in 1840 and re- estabHshed by Greene. The latter included, as is stated before, also Stenotiis pygviacjts Nutt. {Aplopapptis pyguiaciis A. Gray). As the relationship of that species is rather doubtful, I have not included it in the treatment below. The species can be separated as follows : Heads radiate. Heads small, fastigiate clustered ; disk 5-8 mm. in diameter. Leaves broadly obovate, mucronate-cuspidate. I. M. obovatum. Leaves oblanceolate, acute or pointed. 2. M. Watsonii. Heads larger, solitary : disk I cm. or more in diameter. Leaves oblanceolate, acute. 3. M. stiffruticostim. Leaves spatulate, obtuse or mucronate. 4. AI. grindelifoliitiii. Heads discoid. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate. Outer bracts oblong, acute. ^. /!/. discoideum. Outer bracts broadly oblong, obtuse. 6. M. obtusum. Leaves linear. 7. J/. Uneare. I. Macronema obovatum sp. nov. A glandular-puberulent undershrub, 2-3 dm. high, with light yellow bark on the branches. Leaves broadly obovate, 1—2 cm. long, 7—10 mm. wide, mucronate-cuspidate : heads usually 2—3 together, about 10 mm. high, and 8 mm. broad : its bracts firmer than in the other species, oblong-linear, abruptly obcuneate-acute at the apex, unequal, imbricated in about 4 series : rays short, 4—5 mm. long and i — 1.5 mm. wide, about 10 in number. The species is nearest related to M. Watsonii, differing mainly in the broad leaves and the abruptly acute bracts. The type was collected at an altitude of 1600 m. Utah : City Creek Cafion, M. E. Jones, 1081. 2. Macronema Watsonii (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 74. 1894 Aplopappus Watsonii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16 : 79. 1881. This grows on mountains at an altitude of 2000-2=500 m., in Utah and Nevada. 3. Macronema suffruticosum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 322. 1840 Aplopappus suffniticosus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 542. 1865. 619 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora This species grows in the mountains of Oregon and California up to an altitude of 3000 m. It has also been reported from Wyoming, but possibly some specimens of the next have been mis- taken for it. 4. Macronema grindelioides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden, I : 384. 1900 The habitat of this species is rocky places on mountain-sides, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. It grows in Montana, Idaho and northern Wyoming. 5. Macronema discoideum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 ; 322. 1840 Aplopappiis Macronema A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 542. 1864. This species grows on the higher mountains at an altitude of 2500-3000 m., from Wyoming and Colorado to California. 6. Macronema obtusum sp. nov. A dense glandular-pubescent undershrub, 2-4 m. high, with white-tomentose branches. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, about 3 cm. long and 6 mm. wide, obtuse or mucronate : heads about 18 mm. high, 10-18 mm. in diameter: their bracts linear, acute, scarcely more than half as long as the flowers, subequal, except the outermost, which are foliaceous, broadly oblong, obtuse or mu- cronate : rays none. The species is closely related to the preceding, differing in the stouter habit and the larger and broader, more obtuse outer bracts. It grows on high mountains at an altitude of about 2500 m. Colorado: South Cottonwood Gulch, 1892, C. S. Sheldon, S8j8 (type) ; Twin Lakes, 1873,/^'/'// Wolfe, 451. 7. Macronema lineare Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden, i : 384. 1900 In habit, this species resembles some species of Cluysothavinns and Prof. Aven Nelson insists that it should be referred to that genus. It has, however, the foliaceous outer bracts and long style- appendages of Macroiienia and is clearly congeneric with the two preceding species. It cannot very well be referred to Clirysotham- jius, for it lacks the most essential character of the genus, viz., the Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 620 arrangement of the involucral bracts in distinct vertical rows. It grows in gravelly places in northern Wyoming, at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. SIDERANTHUS Fraser The name SiderantJms appears first in Fraser's Catalogue, but there only as a nomen nudum. Pursh in his Flora on page 750 gives SidcniiitJius intcgrifolius Fraser and ^. pinnatifidus Fraser as syno- nyms o{ Aviclliis 7'illosus and A. spinuloses described on page 564. There may be a doubt as to which of these should be regarded as the type of SidcrantJuts. Anicllus villosns with its relatives was made a genus Clirysopsis by Nuttall in 18 18 or by Elliott in 1824, according to different interpretations, long before Eriocarpimi was established (1840). This leaves SiderantJms pinnatifidus as the residue of the genus Sidcranthus. Besides Nuttall, who was the real author of Fraser's Catalogue, made Sidcrantiuis a subgenus of Dictcria containing the only species D. spinulosa {Aplopappus spinu/osus DC. See Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 : 301) ; and thus shows that he regarded it as the type of SiderantJius.''^ Leaves spinescent toothed, not pinnatitld. Heads discoid ; perennial with woody caudex. I. S. grindelioides. Heads radiate ; annual. 2. S. rtibigiiiosus. Leaves pinnatifid. Stem more or less floccose, or cinereous especially when young. Plant cinereous pubescent, more or less glandular. 3. .S". atistralis. Plant more or less floccose, not at all glandular. 4. S. spiiiulosiis. Plant neither floccose nor cinereous. Plant perfectly glabrous or sparingly glandular puberulent. 5. S. glabcrriiiius. Plant finely puberulent. Heads hemispherical ; bracts slightly glandular. 6. S. pitberulits. Heads somewhat turbinate ; bracts densely glandular pulierulent. 7. .S". turbineUus. I. Sideranthus grindelioides (Nutt.) Britton Eriocarpuui grindelioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 : 321. 1840. Aplopappus Nuttallii Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. A. 2 : 240. 1842. * Professor Greene (Piltonia 2: 115) seems to think Sideraitthus is derived from the Latin sidus, star, and the Greek, av&og, flower. It is better to regard the first part also as Greek, Gl(5r/f)0Cj iron. Why accuse Nuttall of making a hybrid word, which we would not permit ourselves? 621 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora The species is not uncommon on barren hills and in bad-lands, up to an altitude of 1500 m. Its range extends from Saskat- chewan and western Nebraska to Colorado and Arizona. 2. Sideranthus rubiginosus (Torr. & Gray) Britton Aplopappus riibiginosuui Tofr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2 : 240. 1842. Eriocarpnm riibiginosinii (Torr. & Gray) Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 5 : 316. 1894. The species was first described as a perennial. Our plant is evidently only annual. Possibly two different species have been confused under the name E. rnbiginosiiui. It grows in sandy soil from Texas to Colorado and western Nebraska, reaching an alti- tude of 1500 m. 3. Sideranthus australis (Greene) Eriocarpwn aiistrale Greene, Erythea, 2: 108. 1894. This grows on the plains of western Texas, Colorado, New Mexico and Mexico. 4. Sideranthus spinulosus (Pursh), Sweet, Hort. Brit. 227. 1826 Ainellus spinulosus Pursh, Fl. Sept. Am. 564. 18 14. SidcnxntJius pinnatifidus Fraser; Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 750. 18 14 Aplopappus spimdosus DC. Prod. 5 : 347. 1836. Eriocarpuni spinulosu)n{?\XYs\\) Greene, Erythea, 2: 108. 1894. The species is rather common on plains and dry prairies, from Saskatchewan, Nebraska and Texas to Mexico, Arizona and Idaho. 5. Sideranthus glaberrimus sp. no v. Perennial, with a short woody caudex, perfectly glabrous, or very sparingly glandular-puberulent. Stems several, branched above, very leafy, 1-3 dm. high : leaves rather rigid, about 2 cm. long, bluish green, glabrous, pinnatifid ; segments oblong, 2-5 mm. long and i mm. or less wide, spinulose-tipped : heads numerous, corymbose, depressed hemspherical, 8-10 mm. high and 8-15 mm. broad : bracts imbricated in 6-7 series, the outer gradually shorter, firm, appressed, with a herbaceous tip, acute ; the inner tinged with purplish : rays about 20, 4-5 mm. long and about i mm. wide. The species is closely allied to the preceding, differing mainly in the total lack of tomentum, even when young, the bluer color and the smaller, generally purple-tinged bracts. It grows on plains and hills, from Iowa and Indian Territory to New Mexico and Wyoming. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 622 Kansas: Osborn City, 1894, C. L. Shear, 116 ; Harper, 1888, W. A. Kellcrman ; Hamilton Co., 1895, Hitchcock, 222. Nebraska : 1893, Rydberg, i^oja (type) ; G. D. Szceczey, jj. Indian Territory: id>6?>, Edzvard Fahtier, 44.2. Colorado : Platte, Dr. James. Wyoming: Platte, Fremont, Dayton, 1899, Tweedy, 2oy6. 6. Sideranthus puberulus sp. nov. A low densely puberulent perennial, less than 1.5 dm. high: Stems ascending, branched above : leaves 2—3 cm. long, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ; segments 1-5 mm. long, less than i mm. wide, spinulose-tipped : heads 2-4 in a small corymb, hemispherical, 8-9 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad: bracts narrowly linear-lanceo- late, appressed, acute, with small herbaceous tips, finely puberu- lent, but only slightly glanular ; rays about 20, 8—9 mm. long and about 1.5 mm. wide. This is perhaps nearest related to E. australe ; but is easily dis- tinguished by the fine pubescence. Colorado : Salida, Mrs. C. B. Clarke, ///. 7. Sideranthus turbinellus sp. nov. A low and bushy puberulent perennial, 1.5-2 dm. high. Stems corymbosely branched and very leafy : leaves . 5—2 cm. long, pin- natifid or the upper reduced and merely toothed ; segments narrow, 1-5 mm. long, about .5 mm. wide: heads numerous, small, hemi- spherical-turbinate, 7—8 mm. high, and scarcely as broad : bracts imbricated in 6-7 series, linear-lanceolate, acute, appressed gland- ular-puberulent : rays 10—15, 7~8 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide. Perhaps nearest related E. spinulosnm, the species is easily known by the small, somewhat turbinate heads and the dense and fine pubescence. Idaho: Pocatello, 1892, A. Isabel Midford. PYRROCOMA Hook. This genus was established by Hooker in 1840, and based on one species, P. carthainoides. In 1 894, Professor Greene extended the genus so as to include the genus Homopappus of Nuttall, the difference between the two genera being only that the ligules of the ray-flowers in the former are very small and inconspicous or wanting. 623 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora Heads apparently discoid, the sterile rays being concealed in the pappus. Inner bracts recurved cuspidate. I. P. siibsqiiarrosa. Bracts not recurved cuspidate. Bracts oblong or oval ; heads hemispherical. Leaves and bracts more or less spinulose-toothed, the latter with a nar- row scarious margin. 2. P. carthamoides. Leaves and bracts not spinulose-toothed, the latter with a broad scarious erose margin. Pappus sordid ; plant almost glabrous. 3. P. rigida. Pappus brownish red ; plant villous. 4. P. erythropappa. Bracts lanceolate ; head campanulate-turbinate. 5. P. Cusickii. Heads distinctly radiate. Bracts except the innermost obtuse, obovate or oblong. 6. P. ciocea. Bracts mostly acute or acuminate. Plant not glandular. Heads large ; disk 2 cm. or more in diameter ; bracts in about 3 series. Upper part of stem and involucre decidedly villous ; bracts w-holly foliaceous. Bracts oblanceolate, abruptly acute. 7. P. Clenientis. Bracts lanceolate, long-acute. 8. P. villosa. Stem and involucre almost glabrous ; bracts chartaceous at the base with foliaceous tips. ' 9. P. integ7-ifolia. Heads smaller ; disk less than 2 cm. in diameter. Bracts in 2-3 unequal series. Leaves 5-15 mm wide ; disk I-2 cm. wide. Inflorescence corymbiform ; bracts long-acute. 10. P. lanceolata. Inflorescence racemifomi ; bracts abruptly acute. 11. P. Vaseyi. Leaves 2-4 mm. wide ; disk I cm. or less wide. 12. P. ieuiiicaiilis. Bracts nearly of the same length. Stem-leaves oblanceolate ; bracts long-acuminate. 13. P. actiminata. Stem-leaves lanceolate ; bracts acute or short-acuminate. Plant villous. 14. P. imiloides. Plant, except the upper parts, glabrate in age. 15. P. unijlora. Plant decidedly glandular. 16. P. hirta. I. Pyrrocoma subsouarrosa Greene, Erythea, 3: 22. 1895 I have seen no .specimen of this species ; but the description indicates a plant wholly unlike the other species of the Rocky Mountains, that I do not hesitate in accepting it as a good spe- cies. The type of P. siibsqiiarrosa was collected in northern Wyoming, by Dr. J. N. Rose in 1893. 2. Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 307. 1833 Aplopappiis carthamoides A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila, 1863 : 65. 1864. Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora 624 As treated by Dr. Gray, A. cartJiauioidcs comprises more thai? one species, and probably both of the two following species are covered by his description. There is no doubt, however, as to which species shall bear the name, for Hooker's description and figure point clearly to the plant with more or less spinulose- toothed leaves and bracts. The latter are also longer, narrower and more acute than in the other two species. P. cartJiavwides ranges from Alberta and British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. 3. Pyrrocoma rigida sp. nov. A perennial with a thick woody tap-root. Stems 1—3, erect or ascending, finely pubescent when young, glabrate in age, 2-4 cm. high, leaves pale bluish green, firm, oblanceolate, acute, entire- margined, finely puberulent, or glabrate ; the lower petioled, 8-15 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. wide; the upper smaller and sessile: heads apparently discoid, 15-20 mm. high, 15-25 mm. broad: bracts very firm, imbricated in 3-4 series, broadly oblong, acute or mu- cronate ; the inner at least with broad scarious or semi-chartaceous margins, which generally are erose, but not spinulose-dentate : ligules of the ra)^-flowers erect, slightly longer than the light brownish or sordid pappus : achenes glabrous, shining. In general habit, this species resembles closely P. cartliauioidcs but has broader leaves and bracts, paler foliage and no indication of spinulose toothing. It grows in sandy places and meadows in Idaho, Montana and Washington. Idaho: Granite Station, Kotenay County, 1892, Sauddo-g, MacDoiigal & Heller, ySj (type). Montana: Columbia Falls, 1894, R. S. WUliauis. Washington: Loomiston, 1897, A. D. E. Elmer, 6oj. 4. Pyrrocoma erythropappa sp. nov. A finely villous pubescent perennial. Stem 1.5-3 dm. high, with 1-4 heads : stem-leaves 3-6 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, firm, oblanceolate or oblong, acute, subsessile, finely pubescent, or glabrate on the upper surface : heads very short-peduncled in the axils of the upper leaves, 10-15 mm. high, about 15 mm. in diam- eter : bracts imbricated in 4-5 series, pubescent, broadly oval or ob- long, obtuse, mucronate, or the outer acute, with a thin erose mar- gin : pappus intensely brownish red : otherwise as the preceding. Idaho : Clear Water, Rev. Spalding (type in Torrey Her- barium). 625 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 5. Pyrrocoma Cusickii (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 59. 1894 Aplopappus cartliamoides var. Cusickii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 126. 1886. The range of this species is limited to Oregon and western Idaho. 6. Pyrrocoma crocea (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 69. 1894 Aplopappus croceus A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1863 : 65. 1864. This species is not uncommon in the mountain regions of Colorado at an "altitude of 1800-3000 m. 7. Pyrrocoma dementis sp. nov. A perennial with more or less villous ascending stem, 1.5—4 dm. high: lower stem-leaves linear-oblong, about i dm. long, somewhat fleshy, glabrous except the ciliate margin, saliently den- tate ; the upper lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, more or less auricled at the base, dentate or entire-margined ; heads solitary ; disk about I 5 mm. high and 2.5—3 cm. broad : bracts all foliaceous, imbricated in 3—4 series, but the outer almost equaling the inner, oblanceolate, abruptly acute, villous : rays 10-12 mm. long and 2—3 mm. wide, bright yellow : achenes sparingly strigose-hirsute : pappus yellow- ish white. Colorado : Mt. Harvard, 1896, Frederick Clements, ././. 8. Pyrrocoma villosa sp. nov. A low perennial with a thick woody tap-root. Stems 1-3, as- cending, I — 1.5 dm. high, purplish, more or less villous, especially above : basal leaves oblanceolate, 7-10 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, somewhat glaucous and rigid, entire-margined or occasionally slightly spinulose denticulate ; stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long : heads solitary : disk about 2 cm. broad : bracts foliace- ous, imbricated in 3-4 series, but the outer fully as long as the inner, broadly linear or lanceolate, long-acute, more or less villous : rays about I cm. long and 2 mm. wide : achenes glabrous : pappus dirty white. In habit this species resembles most P. nniflora and P. inuloides ; but is easily distinguished by the larger heads and the foliaceous bracts in several series. It grows in meadows at an altitude of about 2700 m. Wyoming: Willow Creek, Big Horn Mountains, 1899, F. Tweedy, 2o6j. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 62G 9. Pyrrocoma INTEGRIFOLIA (Porter) Greene, Erythea, 2: 69. 1894 Aplopappus integrifolhis Porter ; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 79. 1881. This species grows in meadows, at an altitude of 1000—2500 m., from Saskatchewan to Idaho and Wyoming. Pyrrocoma integrifolia pumila var. nov. Pyrrocovia HozucUii Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden, I : 382. 1900. Not A. Gray. Stem low, I dm. or less, monocephalous ; bracts shorter and less acute. Montana: Butte, 1895, Rydberg, 2808. 10. Pyrrocoma lanceolata (Hooker) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 69. 1894 Donia lanceolata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 25. 1834. Aplopappns lanceolatns Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2 : 241. 1842. The range of this species is from Saskatchewan to British Co- lumbia, Nevada and Wyoming. It ascends to an altitude of 2000 m. 1 1. Pyrrocoma Vaseyi (Parry) Aplopappus laiiccolatiis var. Vaseyi Parry ; D. C. Eaton, King's Exped. 5 : 160. 1871. I believe that this deserves a specific rank, as the racemose disposition of the heads is accompanied with shorter, closer and oblanceolate, abruptly acute bracts. It ranges from Saskatchewan (according to Gray) south to Utah and Colorado. 12. Pyrrocoma tenuicaulis (D. C. Eaton) Greene, Erythea, 2: 69. 1894 Aplopappus tenuicaulis D. C. Eaton, King's Exped. 5: 160. 1871. Aplopappus lanceolatus var. tenuicaulis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 129. 1884. This grows in alkali meadows of Utah, Nevada and Oregon, at an altitude of about 2000 m. 13. Pyrrocoma acuminata sp. nov. A low finely villous perennial with a woody tap-root. Stems several, slender, about i dm. high, monocephalous : leaves nar- 027 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora rowly linear-oblanceolate, with strong midrib, 2-4 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, entire-margined, acute, finely villous on both sides : heads on naked peduncles, which are 3-4 cm. long : disk about I cm. high and 12-15 mm. broad : bracts in about 2 series, broadly lanceolate, contracted into a long slender tip : rays about i cm. long and 1.5 mm. wide : achenes pubescent: pappus tawny. In habit this species resembles most P. inuloidcs, but differs in the smaller leaves, the shorter pubescence and the acumination of the bracts. Wyoming: Fort Bridger, 1873, Dr. J. V. Carta- {type in Co- lumbia Herbarium). 14. Pyrrocoma inuloides (Hook.) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 60. 1894 D)uia inuloidcs Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 25. 1834. Aplopappus inuloides Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2 : 241. 1842. Dr. Gray included this in A. uuiflorus, but I agree with Pro- fessor Greene that it ought to be kept distinct. It ranges from Montana to Idaho and Wyoming. 15. Pyrrocoma uniflora (Hook.) Greene, Erythea, 2 : 60. 1894 Donia uniflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 25. 1834. Aplopappus uniflorus Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 241. 1842. This species grows in alkaline meadows, up to an altitude of 2500 m., and ranges from Saskatchewan and Montana to Utah and Colorado. 16. Pyrrocoma hirta (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea, 2: 69. 1894 Aplopappus hirtus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 127. 1884. The range of this species includes eastern Oregon, Washington and western Idaho, where it reaches an altitude of looo m. BALSAMORRHIZA Hook. Leaves entire or bluntly toothed, never pinnatifid. Plant white-tomentose. Leaves with entire margins or slightly undulate, oblong-cordate to hastate. I. B. sagiUaia. Leaves more or less distinctly toothed, ovate-lanceolate, with subcordate base. 2. B. tomentosa. Plant hirsute puberulent ; basal leaves cordate. Rays linear, deciduous ; achenes glabrous. 3. B. dcltoidea. Rays oval, becoming papery, and more or less persistent : achenes puberulent. 4. B. Cai-eyana. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 628 Leaves mostly piiinatjfid or at least iiicisedly toothed. Plant canescent or white-tomentose. Plants loosely white-tomentose. Stem I-3 dm. high ; segments of the leaves I-3 cm. long, ovate, entire or slightly toothed. 5- ^- i'"-'^^"^'- Stem 3 dm. or more high ; segments of the leaves 3-5 cm. long, lanceo- late, coarsely toothed. 6. B. Jloccosa. Plant finely canescent, tomentose only on the involucre ; some of the leaves merely toothed 7. B. terebiJitltacea. Plants more or less hispid, neither canescent nor tomentose. Disk 3-4 cm. broad ; segments of the leaves mostly entire. S. B. macrophylla. Disk 2-2.5 cm. broad; segments of the leaves mostly toothed. 9. B. hirsuta. I. Balsamorrhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Trans. Phil. Soc, II. 7: 350. 1840 BuptJialmiiiui saggittatitni Fl. Am. Sept. 564. 18 14. Growing on hillsides at an altitude of 1000-2500 m., this spe- cies is not uncommon from Alberta and British Columbia to Cali- fornia, Colorado and the Black Hills of South Dakota. 2. Balsamorrhiza tomentosa sp. nov. A white-tomentose perennial with thick root ; but the tomen- tum is shorter and finer than in B. sagittata. Basal leaves with long petioles ; blades about 12 dm. long, ovate-lanceolate with subcordate bases, i 5-20 cm. long, acute, coarsely toothed ; stem- leaves generally two, including the slender petioles about i dm. long, lanceolate to linear elliptic, acute at both ends : stem 3-4 dm. high, involucre densely floccose, over 2 cm. broad : outer bracts half longer than the inner, reflexed : rays about 3 cm. long and I cm. wide ; achenes glabrous. Closely related to B. sagittata this species differs mainly in the toothed leaves, shorter tomentum and longer outer bracts. Wyoming : Headwaters of Tongue River in the Big Horn Mountains, 1898, F. Txvccdy, 10.^ 3. Balsamorrhiza deltoidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 : 351- 1840 The name of this plant is i-ather unfortunate, as the leaves are rarely deltoid, but on the contrary usually broadly cordate. B. deltoidea ranges from British Columbia to California and Idaho. *A specimen collected by Tweedy on Teepee Creek in 1 899 {no. 21 14), may also belong here. It has smaller heads, not refle.Ked bracts and lanceolate leaves. 629 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 4. Balsamorrhiza Careyana a. Gray, PI. Fendl. 81. 1849 This species grows on sandy plains of Idaho and Washington. 5. Balsamorrhiza incana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 : 350. 1840 Balsaiiwrrliiza Hookcri var. iiicaiux A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^ : 266. 1884. This species grows on dry stony hills, up to an altitude of 2500 m., from Montana and Washington to California and Wyoming. 6. Balsamorrhiza floccosa sp. nov. BaIsainorrhi.:;a BahainorrJiiza Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden, I : 417. 1900. Not Heliopsis Balsamorrliiza Hook. A loosely white or gray-tomentose perennial with very thick tap-root. Leaves mostly basal, floccose on both sides, 2-3 dm. long, regularly pinnately divided to near the midrib : some some- times only coarsely toothed : segments lanceolate, acute, 3—5 cm. long coarsely toothed : stem-leaves 2, near the base, similar but smaller, about i dm. long : stem scapiform, 3—5 dm. high, villous or the upper portion densely floccose': involucre about 3 cm. broad, densely floccose ; bracts numerous in several series, lanceo- late ; the outer often spreading with recurved tips ; rays 3-4 cm. long, about i cm. wide ; achenes glabrous, cuneate oblong, with truncate apex. This species has been mistaken for B. BahainorrJiiza (Hook.) Heller or B. Hookcri Nutt., but the latter has much finer dissected leaves and its pubescence is c[uite different. The latter is very short and appressed, never consisting of long villous hairs, and there is never dense wool at the base of the head as in this species. B. BalsaniorrJiiza ranges from Washington to California ; but is evidently not found in the Rocky Mountain region. All that I have seen from the region and referred to B. BalsamorrJiiza by Heller, Holzinger and myself belong to B. floccosa. Those col- lected by Parry, and if I am not mistaken, named by Gray, be- long to B. incana. B. floccosa grows on hillsides at an altitude of 1000-2500 m. The following specimens are in the New York herbaria : Montana : Spanish Basin, Gallatin Co., 1897, Rydberg & Bcs- so\ 5175 (type). Idaho : Lake Waha, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, 32gS ; Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 630 Craig Mountain near Lake Waha, 1892, Saiidbcrg, MacDoiigal &■ Hella; 248. Wyoming : Headwaters of Tongue Riv^er, Big Horn Moun- tains, 1898, F. Tivcedy, it. 7. Balsamorriiiza terebinthacea (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 349. 1840 Heliopsis? terebinthacea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 310. 1833. In this species, as well as in the next, it often occurs that some of the leaves are not pinnatifid, but merely coarsely dentate. It is a rare plant growing in stony soil in eastern Oregon and western Idaho. 8. Balsamorrhiza macrophylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 350. 1840 This grows on rocky hillsides in Wyoming, Utah and Idaho. 9. Balsamorrhiza hirsuta Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 : 349. 1840 This species is found at an altitude of 1 000-2000 m. in the dry regions of Utah to British Columbia and California. THELESPERMA Less. Heads radiate. Leaf-segments linear-filiform, i mm. or less wide. Annual or biennial ; outer bracts subulate-linear, more than half as long as the inner. I. T trifidunt. Perennial from a rootstock : outer bracts linear-lanceolate, half as long as the inner or less. 2. T. teune. Leaf-segments linear, over I mm. wide ; plant perennial or the first only biennial. Plant with tap-root, leafy throughout. 3. T. intermedium. Plant with creeping rootstock or woody caudex ; leafy only near the base. Involucre not cleft below the middle ; throat of the disk-flowers cam- panulate, shorter than the lobes. 4. 7'. ambigman. Involucre cleft below the middle ; throat of the disk-flowers cylindra- ceous, longer than the lobes. 5. T. subimdum. Heads discoid ; perennials with rootstock or woody caudex. Plant less than 2 dm. high ; involucre with very broad scarious margins. 6. T. iitargiiiatum. Plants 3-6 dm. high ; involucre with very narrow scarious margins. 7. T. gracile. 631 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora I. Thelesperma trifidum (Poir.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9 : 182. 1890 Coreopsis trifida Poir. Suppl. Lam. Encycl. 2: 353. 1811. Tlielcspcruia filifolhmi A. Gray, Kew Journ. Bot. i : 253. 1849. This species grows in dry soil from Nebraska to Texas and eastern Colorado. 2. Thelesperma tenue sp. nov. A slender, glabrous plant with perennial rootstock. Stems 1—3, slender, less than 2 mm. in diameter, light green, mostly sim- ple and leafy to near the top, 1.5—4 dm. high : leav^es twice pin- nately dissected into linear filiform segments, mostly appressed to the stem: peduncles 1—3, 5—10 cm. long : outer bracts 6-8, linear- lanceolate, half as long as the inner or less ; the inner united to the middle, broadly scarious-margined : rays 8—12 mm. long, 4—6 mm. wide : awns of the pappus very short, about half as long as the width of the summit of the dark shining achenes. This species resembles most the preceding but has a simpler stem and perennial rootstock. It grows in sandy soil at an alti- tude of about 2800 m. Colorado: Veta Pass, \<^oo, Rydberg & Vrcclaud, S473 (type); 1870, Dr. G. W. Hulse : Plains, 1871, Wm. M. Canby. 3. Thelesperma intermedium sp. nov. A glabrous bushy plant with a biennial or perhaps perennial tap-root. Stems several, much branched and very leafy, 2-6 dm. high : leaves once or twice pinnately divided into linear segments, 1-3 mm. wide : peduncles very numerous, 1-1.5 dm. long: invo- lucre about I cm. broad : outer bracts very narrowly linear-lanceo- late, about half as long as the inner; these united to about the middle, scarious-margined : rays 10-12 mm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, rounded, 3 -toothed at the apex : teeth of the pappus longer than the width of the achenes. This has been confused with T. ambigiiniii, but is of a quite different habit. T. intermedium is much branched and very leafy throughout, has a vertical tap-root of short duration, numerous heads, rather long outer bracts and the inner with narrow scarious margins. T. ambigiium is leafy only at the base, has a creeping rootstock, very short outer bracts and the inner with a very broad scarious margin. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 632 T. intcyincdiitvi grows in sandy or loose soil, often taking pos- session of old fields and acts much like a weed. The following specimens are at hand. Nebraska : Banner County, 1 890, Rydberg, ig2 (type) ; Crawford, 1 889, H. J. Webber. Wyoming: Pine Bluffs, 1897, Aven N'elsoji, jjoj. Colorado : 1862, Hall & Harbour, 280, at least in part. Colorado or Wyoming : 1843, Fremont. New Mexico : Between Santa Fe and Canoncito, 1897, A. A. & E. Gertrude Hel/er, jj^y. 4. Thelesperma ambiguum a. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 16. 1883 This species seems to be confined to the plains of western Texas, New Mexico and southern Colorado. The specimens re- ported from Nebraska and Wyoming belong mostly to the preced- ing, and those from Montana to T. viarg'uiatiim. The latter resembles T. avibiginmi in many respects, especially as to the in- volucral bracts ; but it is always without ray-flowers. 5. Thelesperma subnudum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 72. 1874 This is an inhabitant of the more arid regions of New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Colorado. 6. Thelesperma marginatum Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden, i : 421. 1900 This grows on dry plains of Alberta and Montana. 7. Thelesperma gracile (Torr.) A. Gray, Kew Journ. Bot. i : 253. 1849 Bidens gracilis Toxx. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2 : 215. 1827. This species is the most common and most widely distributed species of the genus. It is common on dry plains from Nebraska to Montana, Arizona, Mexico and Texas. HYMENOPAPPUS L'Her. Throat of the corolla I-I.5 mm. long, not over twice as long as the lobes. Pappus over l mm. long, equaling the corolla-tube or nearly so. j Stem 3-6 dm. high, leafy throughout ; heads numerous. 633 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora Plant sparingly and loosely floccose ; leaves glabrate in age. 1. //. tenidfolius. Plant densely tomentose ; leaves permanently tomentose. 2. H. toinentosiis. Stem less than 3 dm. high. Stem-leaves much reduced ; stem white-tomentose or nearly so ; heads few. 3. //. scapostts. Stem-leaves not much reduced ; stem sparingly grayish tomentose. 5. H. cinerens. Pappus I mm. or less long, shorter than the corolla-tube ; stem-leaves and heads few. Pappus not hidden by the hairs of the achenes. Stem permanently densely white-tomentose ; achenes silky. 4. //. arenosiis. Stem sparingly grayish tomentose, glabrate in age ; achenes loosely villous 5. H. cinerens. Pappus hidden by the hairs of the achenes, or sometimes none. Leaflets glabrate in age, at least above ; ultimate segment 5~3° nim. long. 6. H.Jilifolius. Leaves permanently densely white-tomentose ; ultimate segments short, I-5 mm. long. 7. H. luteus. Throat of the corolla 3-4 mm. long, 3-4 times as long as the lobes. 8. H. macroglotds. I. Hymenopappus TENUiFOLius Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 742. 18 14 This is generally described as a biennial ; occasionally the root is of a longer duration and the plant becomes a short- lived perennial and then hard to distinguish from a large specimen of H. filif alius except by the pappus. H. tctinif alius grows on prairies, from Nebraska and Wyoming to Texas. 2. Hymenopappus tomentosus sp. nov. A densely and permanently white-tomentose plant, apparently biennial. Stem 3-4 dm. high, leafy and branched above : leaves 5-7 cm. long, bi-pinnately divided into linear segments, 4-10 mm. long, about i mm. wide : heads many, corymbose-paniculate, about 8 mm. high and broad ; involucre densely woolly, somewhat tur- binate : flowers yellow: corolla tube and throat each a little over I mm. long ; the latter broadly campanulate, of about the same length as the lobes ; achenes silky strigose ; scales of the pappus a little shorter than the corolla-tube. Nearest related to the preceding, this species is easily distin- guished by the dense permanent tomentum and the yellow flowers. Utah: St. George, 1877, Dr. E. Palmer, 2^0 (type in the Columbia Herbarium). Rydrerg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 634 3. Hymenopappus scaposus sp. no v. Hymejiopappiis Intciis A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 97. 1849. Not Nutt. 1 84 1. An almost scapose perennial with a c espitose caudex. Stem almost naked, with 1—2 reduced leaves, more or less densely to- mentose : leaves mostly basal, 5—7 cm. long, bipinnately divided into linear segments, 3—10 mm. long, more or less densely tomen- tose, especially at the base : heads few, corymbose, hemispherical, about I cm. high and broad : bracts obovate with yellowish or purplish scarious margins : corollas yellow ; tube and throat each nearly 2 mm. long ; the latter campanulate and longer than the lobes : achenes densely silky, scales of the pappus fully 2 mm. long, longer than the tube of the corolla. This species has been confused with H. lutcns Nutt. but is easily distinguished by the long pappus and also by the longer segments of the leaves. H. scaposus grows in dry soil up to an altitude of 2200 m. from New Mexico and Arizona to Utah and Nevada. Arizona: Vicinity of Flag.staff, 1898, D. T. MacDoiigal, i2g (type). New Mexico: Santa Fee, 1897, A. A. & E. Gcrirude Heller, 3555 > 1847, A. Fciidler, 436 ; 1869, E. Pahncr, 11. Utah: Southern Utah, 1874, C. C. Parry, loy. Nevada: 1868, i\ Watson, 612. 4. Hymenopappus arexosus Heller, Bull. Torr. Club, 25 : 200. 1898 This resembles somewhat the preceding, but is taller, more leafy, and has much shorter pappus. It grows in sandy soil, up to an altitude of 2200 m., in New Mexico and southern Colorado. 5. Hymenopappus cinereus sp. no v. A grayish tomentose perennial with a cespitose caudex. Stems about 2 dm. high, branched, with 2—4 leaves : these bi-pinnately divided into linear segments 1-2 cm. long and about i mm. wide, sparingly grayish tomentulose : heads corymbose, 8—10 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad, hemispherical or somewhat turbinate: bracts oblong-obovate, with narrow scarious margins : corollas yellow : tube and throat each about 1.5 mm. long; the latter broadly cam- panulate, longer than the lobes : achenes loosely villous ; scales of the pappus variable, in the type fully i mm. long and nearly equal- G35 RvDBERG : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora ing the corolla-tube, but often shorter, yet never hidden by the hairs of the achenes. This species has been confused with H. filifoUns and H. flaves- ccns. Baker, Earle & Tracy's specimens were determined as the latter by Professor Greene. The species is, however, much nearer related to H. filifolius, from which it differs mainly in the lower habit and the longer scales of the pappus. These characters, to- gether with the longer lobes of the leaves distinguish it from H. Intcns. It grows on dry hills, at an altitude of i 500-3000 m. Colorado: Walsenburg, 1900, Rydbcrg & Vrcelaiid, S^yg (type); Mesas near Pueblo, 5^77; Cuchara Valley, j^/cV ,• Du- rango, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, 1028 ; Garden of the Gods, near Pikes Peak, 1895, E. A. Bessey. 6. Hvmenopappus filifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 317. 1833 This species is common on plains and prairies to an altitude of 2000 m., and ranges from Saskatchewan and Montana to Colorado and Nebraska. 7. Hvmenopappus luteus Xutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (H.) 7 : 374. 1841 Dr. Gray in his Synoptical Flora referred this species to H. filifolius, which, however, does not fit Nuttall's description. Many years before he had named Fendler's specimens H. htteus. These agree fairly well with Nuttall's description, except as to the pap- pus, which in them is much more prominent than in any of the other species. Nuttall states that the scales of the pappus of H. luteus are very short and hidden by the hairs of the achenes. In 1897 Prof. Aven Nelson collected a Hyuietiopappus on Green River, which he intended to describe as new, especially as the type specimen was without pappus. A closer examination re- vealed, however, that some of the specimens really had some small scales. These agreed perfectly with Nuttall's description. Nelson's specimens and my own, collected two years before, also on Green River, are the only ones that perfectly agree with Nut- tall's description of H. luteus. His type was collected on the Ham's Fork of the Colorado of the West. What the present name of Ham's Fork is or its exact location I have been unable Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 636 to find ; but from the route that Nuttall took it is undoubtedly some stream of the Green River system. 8. Hymenopappus macroglottis sp. nov. Shghtly tomentose perennial with a woody caudex. Stems several, 3-4 dm. high, striate, slightly f^occose when young, with 1-3 leaves : leaves mostly basal, about i dm. long, bi-pinnately divided into linear lobes 8-25 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide ; stem- leaves generally simply pinnate or the uppermost simple : heads few, corymbose, 12 mm. high and 12-15 ^nm. broad, hemispher- ical : bracts oblong, with very narrow yellowish scarious mar- gins : corolla yellow ; tube about 2 mm. long ; throat deeply campanulate, 3-4 mm. long, 3-4 times as long as the lobes : achenes elongated obpyramidal, about 5 mm. long, hirsute : scales of the pappus about i mm. long. The long and broad lobes of the leaves and the long throat of the corolla distinguishes it from other species of the Rocky Moun- tains. The latter character it has common with only H. li/gciis Greene from southern California. This has, however, much more finely dissected leaves. //. macroglottis grows in arid regions from Texas to Arizona and north to Colorado or Utah. Arizona : Oak Creek, 1S83, H. H. Rush (type). New Mexico: 1851-52, ]Vright, I2j2. Texas: Camp 42, 1853, Bigcloiv, yjo: Colorado or Utah : 1843, I'yeviont. CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 12. STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-IV BY P. A. RYDBERG NEW YOKK 1901 [Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Toreey Botanical Club. 28 : 20-S8 31 Jan., 1901.J i^EW Yc Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora.— IV ]!V P. A. RVDBERG Arnica tomentulosa sp. nov. A leafy perennial with slender horizontal rootstock. Stem villous, about 4 dm. high : leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, sessile or the lower with short-winged petioles, denticulate, finely villous- pubescent, almost tomentulose, with two pairs of stronger veins, the larger 13 dm. long, somewhat yellowish: heads few, hemi- spherical ; disk about i 5 mm. high and 2 cm. broad : bracts ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, villous, 12—16 in number: rays light yellow, over i cm. long, 4 mm. wide. This species is nearest to A. mollis, but differs in the broad obtuse involucral bracts. It grows at an altitude of about 2700 m. Wyoming: Buffalo Fork, 1897, F. T^vccdy, 32 j. Arnica tenuis sp. nov. A low slender perennial with horizontal rootstock. Stem spar- ingly villous pubescent, about 2 dm. high, monocephalous : leaves usually 3 pairs, sparingly villous when young, entire ; the lower two pairs oblanceolate or spatulate, the upper lanceolate : involucre turbinate-campanulate, villous, about 13 mm. high, 10-12 mm. broad: bracts linear, 1-1.5 mm. wide, green; rays orange, 16- 18 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. This species resembles A. gracilis in the size of the plant and form of the head, but the leaves are much narrower and the heads solitary. It is intermediate between that species and A. fiilgciis. It grows at an elevation of about 2200 m. Wyoming : Big-Horn Mountains, 1899, F. Tivccdy, 20^4. Artemisia diversifolia sp. nov. A white tomentose perennial with horizontal rootstock. Stems simple, leafy, white-tomentose, 5-10 dm. high : leaves densely to- mentose on both sides, subsessilc, 5- 10 cm. long : the lower pin- nately cleft into 3-5 narrowly lanceolate acuminate lobes, which are directed forward : the upper entire, linear-lanceolate, passing into the bracts of the inflorescence : inflorescence a narrow panicle, 1.5-3 dm. long: heads numerous, conglomerate, ses.sile, 3-4 mm. high and 3 mm. broad : bracts oblong or ovate-oblong, scarious- 20 21 RvDiiERG : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora margined, densely villous-tomentose : flowers heterogamons, but all fertile, light yellow : receptacle glabrous. This species belongs to the .7. Liidoviciaiia group, and in many respects agrees with the original description thereof. It is, how- ever, a western species, not growing near the region from which A. LudoviciiDia was described. What the latter really is I have been unable to settle. The one that I think is the only one that has any claim for the name, is a lower plant from Missouri to Colorado, with shorter leaves, more green above, with more divergent lobes and brownish flowers. A. diversifolia grows on sandy beaches up to an altitude of 2200 m. Idaho: Priest River, 1900, D. T. MacDougal, igo (type); Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d'Alene, 1892, Sandbcrg, Mac- Doug al & Heller, ^og. Washington: 1889, G. R. Vascy, 77^. Wyoming: Yellowstone Lake, 1899, Avcn & Elias Nelson, 660 J. Picradenia helenioides sp. no v. A comparatively tall, finely pubescent plant with apparently only biennial root. Stem leafy, about 5 dm. high, with several to many erect branches : leaves rather firm, distinctly ribbed, finely pubescent ; the lower petioled and with half clasping bases : basal leaves entire, very narrowly linear-oblanceolate ; middle stem-leaves erect, fully i dm. long, parted into 3-5 linear divi- sions : upper stem-leaves linear, entire : heads corymbose : invo- lucre somewhat tomentose, 8—10 mm. high and often 15 mm. broad ; outer bracts united only at the base, lanceolate, longer than the inner, 14-18 in number: rays orange, about i cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, 3-toothed at the apex : achenes silky : scales of the pappus broadly lanceolate, acuminate. It is nearest related to P. biennis (A. Gray) Greene ; but differs in the yellowish green herbage, the erect branches, the broader segments of the leaves and the darker flowers. It grows in moun- tain valleys at an altitude of about 2700 m. Colorado : On Sangre de Christo Creek, 1900, Rydherg 6r Vreeland, 54^3. Antennaria Piperi sp. nov. Somewhat surculose-rosuliferous : basal leaves 2—4 cm. long, obovate or oval with a short petiole, densely floccose on the lower surface, only slightly so on the upper surface when young, but Rydberg : Studies on the Rockv Mountain Flora 22 soon glabrate, i -ribbed or indistincti}' 3-nbbed, generally distinctly mucronate : flowering stems 1-1.5 dm. high, somewhat glanduli- ferous above ; its leaves small and bractlike, oblanceolate or linear ; heads 5—7 in a short raceme : fertile heads 7-8 mm. high and 6— J mm. in diameter ; its bracts imbricate in about 4 series, slightly floccose, green at the base, purplish in the middle and with a light brownish scarious margin above ; the outer short and ovate ; the inner lanceolate, acute : pappus very slender, filiform, dirty white ; sterile heads about 5 mm. high and about as broad ; its bracts broadly oblong, more floccose, brown and with a broader scarious margin of the same color as in the fertile head, obtuse or truncate ; pappus only slightly broadened above, white. It is nearest related to A. raccniosa, but differs in the more co- pious and more persistent tomentum, in the broader and brighter colored bracts of the fertile head and the broad scarious margins of those of the sterile one. Oregon: Olympic Mountains, 1895, C. V. /^//iV (fertile plant in herbarium of Washington Experiment Station, Pullman) ; moun- tains of northern Oregon, Wilkes Expedition (sterile plant in the Torre)' herbarium). Aster mollis sp. nov. A strict perennial with a horizontal rootstock. Stem densely villous, almost tomentose, or in age more glabrate, 4—8 dm. high, simple below, with short flowering branches above ; leaves obovate to oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, densely and softly grayish pu- bescent on both sides, sessile, slightly clasping, and occasionall)^ a little auricled at the base : heads terminating the short branches, hemispherical ; disk about 1 5 mm. high and broad ; bracts herbaceous, oblong, obtuse, villous-pubescent ; rays numerous, bluish purple, about i cm. long and 2 mm. wide. This species reaches an elevation of 2200 m. Wyoming : Big-Horn Mountains, 1899, f. Tweedy, 202g (type). Washington: Pullman, 1893, C. K Piper, 160^. Townsendia Vreelandii sp. nov. A dark green biennial, branching near the base. Stems and branches simple, erect; 1.5-4 dm. high, mostly erect, sparingly villous. Leaves numerous, all oblanceolate, short-petioled, glabrous, mucronate, 4—8 cm. long, 5—8 mm. wide : involucre about 15 mm. high and 25-30 mm. broad: bracts lanceolate, acuminate, scarious, light green with dark green center : rays 23 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora bluish purple, 12-1 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide : achenes thin, oblong, truncate : pappus of 2 subulate bristles, with a few intermediate squamellae. It is nearest related to T. cxiviia, but has larger heads, is more leafy, and even the upper leaves are oblanceolate. It grows at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Colorado : Side ot Veta Mountain, 1900, F. K. Vreeland, 6jp (type); Veta Pass, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland, 5404 and 5405 ; West Spanish Peak, 5/0^. Erigeron leucotrichus sp. nov. Perennial with a somewhat branching rootstock. Stems about 2 dm. high, sparingly villous below, more copiously so above : basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulafe, 3-5 cm. long, short-petioled, bright green and sparingly hairy : stem-leaves oblanceolate to linear, 1-2 cm. long ; head solitary ; involucre white-villous with multiceptate hairs ; bracts very numerous, lanceolate, almost black, acuminate with spreading tips : rays very numerous, about 6 mm. long and i mm. wide, light purplish pink or white. This species is nearest related to E. nielanocepJialns, but easily distinguished from it by the white, not black, hairs of the involucre. It differs from E. simplex in the taller habit, the larger heads and the darker bracts of the involucre. It grows at an altitude of about 2500 m. Wyoming: Big-Horn Mountains, July, 1899, Frank Tweedy, 200 J. Erigeron incanescens sp. nov. (?) Erigeron glabellus var. mollis A. Gray, Proc. Acad. PhiL 1863 : 64, in part. A densely and finely cinereous pubescent plant with perennial rootstock. Stem simple, 1.5-3 ^I'^''- high, mostly ascending, striate densely pubescent, leafy : basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate : stem-leaves about 5 cm. long and i cm. wide, oblong, oblanceo- late or the upper lanceolate, sessile and somewhat clasping : heads 1—4 ; disk about 8 mm. high and i 5 mm. broad : bracts very nu- merous in one series, narrowly linear, cinereous as the rest of the plant ; rays pale blue or violet, very numerous, about i 5 mm. long and less than i mm. wide. From Dr. Gray's description, this species must have been in- cluded in E. glabellus V2ec. mollis; but all specimens that I have Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 24 seen under that name belong to E. suhtrinervis Rydb., which is its nearest relative. From this it differs in the dense grayish pubes- cence, the narrower stem-leaves, which are not 3-ribbed, and the lower habit. E. iiicancscots grows in rocky places at an altitude of about 3000 m. Colorado: West Spanish Peak, 1900, Rydberg & Vrccland, 5415- Erigeron viscidus sp. nov. A low cespitose perennial. Stems ascending, a little over i dm. high, more or less hirsute and glandular-puberulent, especially above ; leaves 3-5 cm. long, oblanceolate, dark green, sparingly hirsute and ciliate on the entire margins : heads few : disk about i cm. high and 15 mm. broad : bracts very numerous, subequal in one series, narrowly linear, fuscous, acuminate, glandular-puberu- lent, but not hirsute : rays very numerous, pale blue, about 8 mm. long and .5 mm. wide. This species is intermediate between E. glaiidiilosiis and E. niacrantlins. It has the habit of the former, although larger, and the large heads and numerous narrow rays of the latter. It grows in wet ground, at an altitude of about 2700 m. Colorado : Near the Gray-Back Mining Camps, 1 900, Ryd- berg & Vrc eland, 54.16. Valeriana acutiloba sp. nov. A bright green plant with horizontal or ascending rootstock and polygamo-dioecious flowers. Fertile plant 4—5 dm. high : basal leaves entire with a short wing-margined petiole, 5-7 cm. long ; blade spatulate or obovate, acute ; stem-leaves usually 3 pairs, pinnately divided ; lateral divisions lanceolate to linear, long- acuminate ; the terminal one large, oblanceolate or of the upper- most very small leaves linear-lanceolate, entire or saliently toothed : cyme dense, contracted, 2—5 cm. long and about as wide ; gland- ular-puberulent : bracts linear subulate, about I cm. long : flowers perfect; corolla funnelform, about 4.5 mm. long; tube proper about I mm.; fruit broadly ovate, about 4 mm. long : pappus about 7 mm. : staminate plant lower, 3—4 dm. high, with more sterile shoots, which have much longer leaves : stem-leaves usually only 2 pairs, less divided, with only 1—2 pairs of lateral divisions : cymes denser, flowers all or nearly all staminate : their corollas larger, 5-6 mm. long, more oblique ; the limbs about 5 mm. wide. This species has the dense cyme of ]^. capitala ; but the plant is taller, the corolla shorter and is easily distinguished from all its 25 Rydderg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora American relatix-es by the narrow, long-acuminate divisions of its stem-leaves. It grows in wet places, especially under snowdrifts, at an altitude of 2500-3300 m. Colorado : Near Gray-Back Mining Camp, Sangre de Christo Range, 1900, Rydberg & ]^)-ccland, 3376 (type, fertile plant); Mountain near Veta Pass, SS75 (staminate plants) ; Bear Creek Caiion, 1895, Ernst A. Besscy {{^riAo.); Pagosa Peak, 1899, C. F. Baker, 620. Campanula MacDougalii sp. nov. A slender glabrous perennial, about 3 dm. high with slender horizontal rootstock. Leaves very thin : the basal ones and lower stem-leaves with slender petioles 2-4 cm. long : blades broadly ovate, 2—3 cm. long, coarsely sinuate-dentate : upper stem-leaves lanceolate to linear, entire ; the largest 5-6 cm. long : sepals linear subulate, 10-12 mm. long, at last reflexed : corolla 13-15 mm. long, nearly of the same shape as that of C. roliindifo/ia : style exserted, straight: fruit not seen. The species is nearest related to C. Samlcri ; but is easily dis- tinguished from that species by the lack of the sharp toothing of the leaves. The lower leaves resemble somewhat those of C. rotnndifoUa, and were it not for the exserted style and the smaller corolla it may be referred to the var. Alaskaiia of that species. Idaho : Priest Lake, 1900, D. T. MacDougal, 66. Castilleja linearis sp. nov. A rather slender perennial, with a rootstock. Stem simple, 3—4 dm. high, finely \'illous pubescent : leaves narrowly linear, about 5 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, pubescent, entire or the upper with a pair of narrowly linear lobes : bracts broader, deeply cleft into three linear lobes, tipped with brick-red : calyx villous, 2-2.5 cm. long, cleft almost equally deeply in front and behind, more than half way down : lateral lobes linear, 8-10 mm. long : corolla 2.5- 3 cm. long, greenish yellow : galea about i 2 mm. long, with red mar- gins : lower lip dark green, about 3 mm. long, 3-lobed. This species resembles in habit most the subarctic C. pallida, but has the corolla of C. inincata. It grows in meadows at an alti- tude of about 2500 m. Colorado: Near West Spanish Peak, 1900, Rydberg & Vree- land, 56 1 g. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 26 Castilleja trinervis sp. no v. A tall perennial with rootstock. Stem more or less villous, especially the upper portion, solitary, simple or branched, 3—6 dm. high : leaves dark green, finely puberulent, entire, acute, usually 3 -ribbed ; the lower linear, 5—8 cm. long and about .5 cm. wide ; the upper lanceolate and often i 5 mm. wide : lower bracts green, similar but shorter and broader and usually 3— 5-lobed : the upper with almost crimson tips : calyx densely white villous, about 3 cm. long, equally cleft in front and behind, each division laterally cleft into two oblong lobes, 5-8 mm. long, tipped with the same color as the bracts : corolla about 4 cm. long, slightly curved, green, but the galea with almost crimson margins : galea about i 5 mm. long : lower lip 4—5 mm. long, dark green, with three narrow lobes : style about 5 mm. longer than the corolla. This species is nearest related to C. rliexifolia and C. confusa, but is characterized by the copious white villous pubescence of the upper part of the stem and the calyx. It grows in open woods at an altitude of 2700-3000 m. Colorado : Headwarters of Sangre de Christo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vreclaiid, jSso (type); Gray-Back Mining Camps, ^621. Castilleja luteovirens sp. nov. A simple perennial with rootstock, often turning black in dr}'- ing. Stem 3—4 dm. high, leafy, slightly pubescent when young, soon glabrate, except the upper portion which is slightly villous : leaves lanceolate to almost linear, 3—4 cm. long, 3-9 mm. wide, finely puberulent, 3-ribbed, acute, entire, or rarely the upper 3- lobed : lower bracts ovate, obtuse, entire, tipped with light green- ish yellow or greenish white ; the upper ones 3 -toothed at the apex and greenish yellow throughout: calyx villous, 15—17 mm. long, almost equally cleft in front and behind, laterally cleft about 3 mm.; lobes lanceolate : corolla 22—24 mm- long, greenish ; galea 6—7 mm. long with yellow margins; lower lip 2.5—3 '^"''- loi^S* bluntly 3-lobed. This species has been referred to C. scptcntrioialis and C. pallida, but differs from both in the broader, less acuminate leaves and broader, more entire yellowish bracts. Neither of the two species mentioned is found in the southern Rockies. Mostly all the material that has been determined as either belongs to the present .species. This grows in meadows at an altitude of 1200-2700 m. Colorado: Sangre de Christo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vree- 27 Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora la)id, j6i6 (type) and 5^/7; Wahatoya Creek, j6t8 ; Middle Park, 1861, (T. C. Parry, 241; Chicken Creek, \^g^, Baker, Earlc <2r Tracy, J74: near Denver, 1869, B. H. Smith; Ford of Chama, \?,i,g, Nczvberry, m Macomb's Expedition; Seven Lakes, Pikes Peak, 1894, Enist A. Bcssey. Wyoming: Big-Horn Mountains, 1899, F. Tzoccdy, 2J40 ; Laramie Plain, 1884, C. S. Sheldon, 80. Utah: Salt Lake City, 1879, M. E. Jones, loji. Mimulus gratioloides sp. nov. A low, branched annual of more or less reddish color, gener- ally less than i dm. high, somewhat viscid puberulent especially above. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, about i cm. long, sinu- ate-dentate : pedicels slender, in fruit i 5-20 mm. long ; calyx 7- 8 mm. long, cylindraceous in fruit : lobes subequal, short, broadly ovate, acute, ciliate on the margins ; corolla yellow, about i cm. long and 3 mm. broad, only slightly bilabiate : throat beardless. This species is nearest related to M. rubellns and the specimens from Colorado referred to that species may belong here. M. gratioloides differs, however, in the smaller yellow corolla and the acute calyx-lobes. It grows in exposed places among rocks and gravel at an altitude of about 2300 m. Colorado : Butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta, 1900, Ryd- berg & Vreelaud, j66o. Pedicularis lunata sp. nov. A perennial, perfectly glabrous up to the inflorescense, with a rather stout, but simple rootstock : stem about 4 dm. high, slightly striate and purplish: leaves alternate, dark green, 5-12 cm. long, pinnately divided to near the midrib ; segments linear or linear- oblong, crenate : spike i 5-20 cm. long, rather lax ; bracts pecti- nately divided with prolonged endlobes, the lower often equal- ing the flowers in length, slightly arachnoid villous : calyx about 9 mm. long ; its teeth broadly lanceolate, about 3 mm. long : cor- olla pinkish, over 2 cm. long ; its tube about twice as long as the calyx, strongly curved ; galea strongly arcuate, produced into a rather long beak and almost crescent-shaped ; lower lip almost meeting the beak of the upper, very broad, indistinctly 3-lobed with large rounded lateral lobes. The very broad lower lip, and long-beaked galea suggest somewhat P. contorta and P. etenopJiora, but the corolla-tube is Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora 28 much longer and the beak not spirally twisted. The species may therefore be placed with P. Caiibyi, P. Parryi and P. Hailii, but the corolla and beak are much more arcuate. It is a handsome spe- cies growing at an altitude of nearly 2800 m. Wyoming : Big-Horn Mountains, 1899, F. lu'cedv, 2jiy (type). Pentstemon erosus sp. nov. A glabrous cespitose perennial, 2—4 dm. high. Basal leaves oblanceolate, short-petioled, 3-5 cm. long, entire, mostly acute : stem-leaves opposite, sessile, oblong or lanceolate, entire, acute or the uppermost acuminate : flowers in a dense interrupted spikelike inflorescence : calyx-lobes broadly ovate, almost cuspidate-acumi- nate, tinged with dark purple and white and with an erose-dentate margin : corolla purple with very dark limb : lower lip broad with 3 rounded reflexed lobes, bearded on the inside : upper lip with 2 erect narrower lobes : sterile stamens narrowly clavate, short- bearded. This species is nearest related to P. procerus, but easily dis- tinguished by the erose sepals and more reflexed lower lip. It grows at an altitude of 2000-2700 m. Colorado: Indian Creek Pass, 1900, F. K. Vrccland, 61^ (type); South Park, I'&y^^Johii Wolfe (Wheeler Expedition), 2gj ; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, 6j8. Pentstemon Wilcoxii sp. nov. An almost glabrous perennial with a cespitose caudex. Stems 3-6 dm. high, glabrous or slightly puberulent above, simple : leaves opposite, glabrous and somewhat glaucous, dentate with small sharp callous teeth, acute : the basal ones petioled, lanceo- late : the lower stem-leaves sessile, oblanceolate or oblong, 3—5 cm. long ; the upper lanceolate and slightly clasping : inflorescence an elongated interrupted thyrse : branches 1—2 cm. long, fastigiate- cymose : calyx glabrous, about 4 mm. long, cleft 3i| its length : lobes lanceolate, acute, slightly margined below and there often sinuately toothed : corolla straight, purple, glabrous on the out- side, about 1 5 mm. long ; the lower lip longer than the upper, slightly bearded within : sterile stamen club-shaped, with a short dense brown beard. * This species is probably nearest related to P. huuiilis ; but easily distinguished by the tall stems, the sharper toothed leaves, and the numerous purple flowers. 29 Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora Montana: Kalispell, 1900, E. V. IVi/cox, jyo (type in United States National Herbarium) and j6S. Polemonium delicatum sp. nov. A small glandular perennial with slender horizontal rootstock. Stem very slender, about i dm. high : leaves 3-8 cm. long ; leaf- lets 5-1 1 pairs, very thin, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, mostly acute, 3—10 mm. long: inflorescence usually branched; branches 3— 4-flowered ; pedicels slender, 5—15 mm. long; calyx glandular, 4—5 mm. long: lobes lanceolate, acute: corolla blue, open-campanulate, about 7 mm. high and 8 mm. broad : stamens about equalling the corolla. This is nearest related to P. parvifloruui Nutt., but is still smaller and characterized by its slender pedicels, small flowers and acute calyx-lobes. It grows at an altitude of over 3000 m. Colorado: West Spanish Peak, 1900, Rydberg & J^reciaiid, 5720 (type). Colorado or New Mexico : Canadian ?, Dr. James. Polemonium speciosum sp. nov. A low viscid-villous plant, cespitose with a perennial rootstock. Stem 1—2 dm. high with 2—3 leaves : basal leaves numerous, 8—15 cm. long with wing-margined rachis ; leaflets opposite, 7-9 pairs, ovate, 6—12 mm. long, acute: stem-leaves similar but smaller : in- florescence capitate : calyx viscid-villous, 15—20 mm. long, cleft to about the middle : lobes lanceolate, acute : corolla pale blue, deeply campanulate-funnelform, 2—2.5 cm. long: limb about 1.5 cm. broad. The form of the corolla, the dense capitate inflorescence and the viscid pubescence place this species nearest P. viscosinn, and P. comfcrtimi, but the leaflets are not verticillate, the corolla is larger than that of the former and broader than in the latter. Colorado : Mount Garfield, 1900, Fred. Clements. Gilia Candida sp. nov. A glandular perennial with short caudex. Stems often more than one, ascending or erect, simple, 4-6 dm. high, leafy : leaves rather fleshy, divided into linear-filiform, .spinulose-tipped seg- ments; the upper gradually smaller: inflorescence a very narrow panicle : branches usually very short and few-flowered : flowers subsessile : calyx glandular-pubescent, about 8 mm. long ; its lobes lanceolate, bristle-tipped : corolla white, or rarely pale pink, 2—3 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 30 cm. long, salverform : its lobes oval or obovate, obtuse : stamens inserted unequally below the throat, included. This species is nearest related to G. aggrcgata ; but differs in the white corolla and its rounded obtuse lobes.. It is also lower and the upper leaves more reduced. It grows on dry hillsides at an altitude of 2000-2700 m. Colorado : Mesas near La Veta, 1900, F. K. J^raiaiid, 602 (type); Veta Pass, 1900, Rydberg & Vrcclaiui, j/jo; Calham, 1893, Dt A. Sauiidcis. Phacelia alba sp. nov. A viscid-villous annual or biennial, 2-4 dm. high. Stem leafy, strict and simple viscid-villous and glandular above : leaves twice interruptedly pinnatifid, about i dm. long, glandular-puberulent, hispid ciliolate on the margins and veins ; ultimate segments ovate or oblong, 3—6 mm. long : inflorescence branched, dense, in flowers almost capitate, but branches in fruit spiciform : flowers nearly sessile, 2-ranked : calyx glandular, cleft to near the base ; sepals broadly linear, obtuse, about 2 mm. long, about one third shorter than the white corolla : the lobes of the latter rounded, crenate : appendages 10, broadly ovate : stamens and style much exserted : capsule ovoid, about 6 mm. long : seeds often solitary in each cavity, finely pitted. This species is nearest related to P. Neo-Mexicaiia and P. Popci, resembling the latter most in habit, but having the viscid-pubes- cence and the crenate corolla-lobes of the former. It differs from both in the small white corolla and the long- exserted stamens. It grows in mountain valleys at an altitude of 1800—3000 m. Colorado: Sangre de Christo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vree- land, j^j^ (type); Valley of Upper Arkansas River, 1873, /(V/// Wolfe (Wheeler Expedition), 99 ; Headwaters of Clear Creek, 1 86 1, C. C. Parry, J I ^. New Mexico: Ruidoso Creek, White Mountains, 1895, E. O. Wootou. Lappula calycosa sp. nov. A hirsute annual, simple below, branched above with long virgate branches. Stem hirsute, 3—4 dm. high : leaves oblong, obtuse, 3-4 cm. long, "/—^ mm. wide ; those of the branches smaller : pedicels short, in fruit 2-3 mm. long, generally 4 mm. below the leaves ; corolla pale blue, about 1.5 mm. long and i mm. broad : calyx-lobes enlarged in fi it, foliaceous, 4—6 mm. 31 RvDBERG : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora long and reflexed : fruit about 4 mm. in diameter : nutlets sur- rounded by a single row of subulate glochinate prickles, some- what flattened at the base but not united into a wing-border : back of the nutlets strongly muricate. It is nearest related to L. occidoitalis (Wats.) Greene, but dif- fers in the oblong obtuse leaves, the enlarged and reflexed fruiting calyx-lobes, and the virgate branches. It grows in deserted fields at an altitude of about 2000 m. Colorado : Walsenburg, 1900, Rydberg & Virelaiid, 57 13. Lappula cupulata (A. Gray) EcJiinospcnnum Rcdoicskii var. ciipidata A. Gray, Bot. Calif I : 530. 1876. I think that this should be regarded as distinct from L. Texana (Scheele) Britton, as the habit is quite different. L. aipulata is diffuse, branching at the base, with elongated branches, while L. Texana is simple at the base, and branched above with short branches. L. Texana is a southern plant, ranging from Texas to New Mexico. The range of L. cupnlata is from Nevada to Nebraska, south to Colorado. Cryptanthe minima sp. nov. A dwarf hirsute annual, beginning to bloom when only i cm. high. Stems several, erect, in the specimens seen only 1—4 cm. high, long hirsute : leaves spatulate or oblanceolate obtuse, hirsute on both sides, 5—15 mm. long and 2—3 mm. wide : flowers crowded, 2.5—3 rnm. long, subsessile : lobes of the calyx linear, hispid: corolla white ; limb a little over i mm. broad ; nutlets whitish, about I mm. long, dissimilar ; 3 ovoid, strongly muricate ; the fourth somewhat larger, smooth ; the inside edge with a slender groove, triangular-dilated at the base. In size and general habit, this species is strikingly like C. pnsilla ; but the fruit is different ; the nutlets being dissimilar, one of them smooth, and all with rounded lateral angles and more rounded backs. The specimens of our collection are rather young and only two fully developed fruits were found. C. viinima was found on dry hillsides at an altitude of about 2200 m. Colorado : Cucharas River, above La Veta, 1900, Rydberg & Vre eland, 56gj. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 32 Mertensia lineariloba sp. nov. A slender perennial with glabrous simple stem, 2—^ dm. high, basal leav^es 5-15 cm. long, long-petioled ; blades oblanceolate, obtuse ; stem-leaves subsessile, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-6 cm. long, 4—9 mm. wide, strigose above, glabrous beneath : flower clusters 3-4-flowered in the axils of the upper leaves ; pedicels very slender, 2—6 mm. long, strigose : calyx divided to near the base ; lobes linear, acute, 3—4 mm. long, almost equaling the tube of the corolla, glabrous on the back, but hispid ciliate on the margins : corolla blue, 7-8 mm. long, tube nearly of the same length as the throat and limb ; the latter 4-5 mm. long : stamens almost equaling the corolla ; filaments dilated, and broader than the anthers. It is nearest related to J/, linearis, but characterized by the narrow, strongly ciliate calyx-lobes and the filiform pedicels. It grows in shaded situations at an altitude of 2500—2700 m. Colorado: West Indian Creek, Trichera Range, 1900, Ryd- berg th- Vreclaiid, j6gi (type) ; near Empire, 1885, H. N. Patterson, 115- Mertensia ovata sp. nov. A low cespitose, somewhat fleshy perennial. Stems i — 1.5 dm. high, glabrous: leaves 2-5 cm. long, i — 1.5 cm. wide, mi- nutely strigose above, glabrous beneath ; the lower obovate and short-petioled ; the upper broadly ovate and sessile : flower-cluster dense ; pedicels very short : calyx cleft to near the base : sepals lanceolate, ciliate on the margin, about 4 mm. long and one third shorter than the corolla-tube : corolla 10—12 mm. long; its tube nearly one half longer than the throat and limb : the latter about 7 mm. broad : stamens nearly equaling the corolla ; filaments dilated and broader than the anthers. This species is probably nearest related to M. laiiceolata ; but differs in the stunted habit and the broad leaves. It grows among rocks, at an altitude of 2800—3500 m. Colorado: West Spanish Peak, i goo, Rvdberg & Vreeland, j6go (type) and j6goa. Mertensia obtusiloba sp. nov. A low cespitose perennial. Stems ascending, glabrous, 1—2 dm. high : lower leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering into a winged petiole, dark green, glabrous beneath, minutely strigulose above, glabrate in age, 3-5 cm. long; the upper broadly lanceolate, sessile : flower-clusters several from the axils of the 33 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora upper leaves : pedicels very short, often sparingly strigulose : calyx divided to near the base ; sepals oblong, obtuse, ciliate on the margins, 2—3 mm. long, scarcely more than half as long as the tube of the corolla : corolla dark blue, about 7 mm. long : tube nearly equaling the throat and limb : stamens short, included in the tube, filaments very short, not broader than the anthers. This species is nearest related to M. Tzveedyi, but differs in the shorter, obtuse calyx-lobes, the broader and thinner leaves and the stem which is not depressed or prostrate. It grows at an altitude of 2000-3500 m. Colorado: Pikes Peak, 1900, Fred. Cieuients (type); Garden of the Gods and Pikes Peak, 1894, Ernst A. Bessey ; Argentine Pass, 1878, Marcus E. J'o>ics, jy. Mertensia membranacea sp. nov. A tall erect perennial with a rather thick tap-root. Stem gla- brous or sparingly hirsute above, 6—8 dm. high : leaves all petioled, or the upper sessile ; blades ovate, acute or more often short acu- minate, 4— 8 cm. long, 1.5—4 cm. wide, very thin, hispid-stringulose on both sides : flower-clusters terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves, branched and many-flowered : pedicels 5—10 mm. long, his- pidulous: calyx-lobes 2—3 mm. long, hispidulous, lanceolate, acute, one-third or one-fourth as long as the tube of the corolla : corolla about I cm. long ; the pale blue or almost white tube longer than the dark blue limb and throat : limb about 4 mm. broad : stamens much shorter than the limb ; filaments dilated and broader than the anthers : nutlets strongly rugose and spotted. This species is related to M. paniculata. Mr. Bessey and my- self collected it in 1897, but as the specimens were rather poor, they were referred doubtfully to that species. As more and bet- ter specimens have now been received, it has been possible to draw a description. It differs from M. paniculata, in the thinner leaves which almost always show an acumination, in the short calyx-lobes which scarcely enlarge in fruit and the smaller and numerous flowers. It grows in moist places at an altitude of 300—2000 m. Idaho : Priest River, 1900, D. T. MacDoiigal, j (type) ; Cedar Mountain, 1892, Sandberg, MacDoiigal & Heller, ^20. Montana : Electric Peak, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, ^864. Mentzelia ctenophora sp. nov. A diffuse cespitose scabrous perennial. Stems 2)-^ dm. long, branched, in agfe straw-colored : lower leaves linear or linear-Ian- RvDBERG : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 34 ceolate in outline, tapering at both ends, often 2 dm. long : the upper lanceolate with a broad base : all pectinately laciniate with linear-oblong divergent obtuse lobes ; hypanthium cylindrical, 15—18 mm. long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4—5 mm. long: petals obovate, light yellow, about 8 mm. long : seeds irregularly angled, but not winged, finely muricate. This species is perhaps nearest related to M. a/bicaiilis, but dififers in the large size of the plant, the diffuse habit, and the larger flowers. It was collected on railroad banks and in loose barren soil on hillsides, at an altitude of 1800— 2100 m. Colorado : On Cucharas River, below La Veta, 1900, Rydberg & J^rcc/and, jydg (type); near Walsenburg, j/dS. Impatiens aurella sp. nov. A slender glabrous annual, about 6 dm. high. Petioles 1.5-3 cm. long : leaf-blades ovvate or oval, thin, bright green, a little paler beneath, 4—5 cm. long, coarsely toothed, acute ; teeth and apex finely mucronate : peduncles ascending, mostly 2-flowered : bracts minute, linear, about 2 mm. long : flowers orange, not mottled : sack conical, about i cm. long and 6 mm. broad at the base ; its spur recurved, about 8 mm. long. This is nearest related to /. bijlora, but differs in the much smaller flowers, which are scarcely more than half the size of that species and without any spots, the comparatively longer spur and less pale leaves. It grows in swamps at an altitude of about 600 m. Idaho : Priest River, 1900, D. T. MacDoitgal, 20. Geranium nervosum sp. nov. A tall perennial with thick root and short caudex. Stems 4—8 dm. high, minutely retrorsely strigose, in age more glabrate : basal leaves with petioles 2—4 dm. long ; blades reniform in outline, 8- 1 2 cm. in diameter, finely strigose on both sides, divided to near the base into 5—7 obovate-cuneate or oblanceolate-cuneate divisions which are again 2— 3-cleft and coarsely toothed : stem-leaves none, except those subtending the inflorescence ; these sessile, 3— 5 -cleft ; branches of the cymes and calyx very densely glandular pubes- cent : sepals ov^al, 8-9 mm. long, terminated by a filiform tip, 1 — 2 mm. long: petals broadly obovate, 15—18 mm. long, pale violet or almost white, with dark purple streaks : carpels as well as their column densely glandular ; the latter nearly 2 cm. long : style be- yond the column about 5 mm. : seeds glabrous, minutely reticulate. This species is somewhat intermediate between G. viscosissimuin 35 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora and G. Riclianho/iii, having the general habit, the leaves and pu- bescence of the stem of the latter, but the densely glandular pu- bescence of the inflorescence and the calyx and carpels of the former. The color of the flower is most like G. Richardsoiiii , but scarcely pure white and with much more prominent veins. It grows at an altitude of 1800—2700 m. Wyoming : Fish Creek, Teton Forest Reserve, 1897, F. Tweedy, 494 (type). Colorado: Continental Divide, Routt County, 1894, C. S. Craiidall. Lupinus candicans sp. nov. A low cespitose perennial, densely white-silky throughout. Stems ascending, 1.5-2 dm. high, 3-4-leaved, often branched: stipules linear subulate, 5—8 mm. long : petiole 3—8 cm. long : leaf- lets about 7, densely white-silky and shining, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, oblanceolate, acute, mucronate, mostly conduplicate : raceme rather dense, 3-8 cm. long on a peduncle 2—5 cm. long : bracts small and early deciduous : calyx densely silky-villous, only slightly saccate on the upper side ; lower lobe about 4 mm. long : banner dark blue with a hght brown spot, about 7 mm. long, very broad, and with the sides strongly reflexed ; wings dark blue, as well as the banner glabrous, about 9 mm. long and about equaling the keel : the latter whitish, tipped with dark purple : pod densely white-silky, 3-4-seeded. This species has the white pubescence of L. serieeus and L. Hellerae ; but is in every way a much smaller and more cespitose plant : the flowers are much smaller and of a darker and more in- tense blue. Montana: (locality not given), 1900, E. W Wilcox, ./-,"/ (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.) ; Boulder, /^j and I2g, in part ; Big Timber, 38^ ; Highwood Mountains, yi* ; Columbia Falls, 1897, R. S. Williams. Lupinus cyaneus sp. nov. A stout and tall perennial with rather simple caudex. Stem 4—9 dm. high, densely villous, but not white, very leafy and in age somewhat branched : stipules subulate, over i cm. long : petioles 5—10 cm. long : leaflets 7— 1 1, oblanceolate, 3-9 cm. long, glabrous above, almost velvety beneath, acute : raceme long and dense. 1.5—2 dm. long: bracts rather persistent, often over I cm. long: flowers very numerous, 2—4 m each verticil, very short-pediceled : calyx white-velvety, somewhat saccate above : lower lobe about Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora 36 8 mm. long : banner slightly hairy on the back, light blue, with a light brownish spot at the center, about 8 mm. long : wings light blue, about i cm. long, equaling the keel, w^iich is whitish with purple tip: pod densely silky-villous, about 25 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, 4— 5 -seeded. This species has the general habit and the long dense raceme of Z. IcKcopJiyllns, but is much greener and the flowers are much smaller and lighter in color. No. 435, cited below, is referred here doubtfully. It is more silvery and more branched and had apparently almost white flowers. Montana: (locality not given), 1900, E. ]\ Wilcox, ^^6 (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.) ; Coal Spur, ^jj (?) and ^yp (the latter in fruit); Gallatin Valley, 1896, /. H. F/odtiiaii, dry. Astragalus sulphurescens sp. no v. A light green cespitose perennial. Stems ascending, about 4 dm. high, angled, glabrous, somewhat branched : stipules ovate to lanceolate, membranaceous, free from the petioles : leaflets 13—19, elliptic, obtuse or acutish, mucronulate, 12—30 mm. long, with a few scattered strigose hairs : spike dense and elongated : flowers ascending : bracts lanceolate-subulate, about 8 mm. long : calyx white-strigose with scattered black hairs : tube about 5 mm. long : lobes almost filiform, fully 5 mm. long : corolla light yellow : banner narrow, 15-18 mm. long, much exceeding the wings and keel : wings very narrow, only about 1.5 mm. wide : pod 2-celled, with dorsal suture deeply inflexed, deeply obcordate in section, about I cm. long, 3—4 mm. wide, strigose, with black hairs. This species is closely related to A. adsurgcns, but differs in the yellow, ascending flowers, narrow petals, more scant pubescence, the long slender calyx lobes and the black hairy pod. It grows at an altitude of 1600-3000 m. Colorado: Georgetown, 1895, P. A. Rydberg (type) \ along Platte River, Denver, 1878, Af. E. Jones, 8ji. Aragallus villosus sp. nov. Densely and intricately cespitose perennial. Leaves basal, numerous, 5—10 cm. long : leaflets 25—31, rather crowded but not verticillate, i — 1.5 cm. long, lanceolate, very acute, densely but somewhat loosely silky : scape about 1.5 dm. long, loosely silky, almost hirsute, with spreading hairs : spike dense, 4—5 cm. long : bracts linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 8—10 mm. long : calyx- 37 Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora white-silky villous ; lobes very short, about 2 mm. long : corolla ochroleucous without any purple, 12-15 ^m- long: keel very short and round, abruptly tipped with a small tip : pod thin, per- fectly 2-celled, white-silky, about 1.5 cm. long, more than twice as long as the calyx, tipped with a slender beak which is abruptly hooked at the ape.x. This belongs to the A. campcstris group and is characterized by the coarse spreading pubescence of the scape and the ochro- leucous flowers without any trace of purple. Montana : Craig, 1900, E. V. Wilcox, jyS (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Trifolium lilacinum sp. nov. A densely cespitose dwarf subscapose perennial with very deep root. The short branches of the caudex covered with the scarious stipules and remains of old leaves : leaves 3-foliolate, bright green ; petioles 2—6 cm. long, strigose : leaflets elliptic or lanceolate-ob- long, acute at each end, 1-2.5 cm. long, strigose : peduncle 5-12 cm. long, bracts minute, less than i mm. long, 3-toothed : flowers reflexed in fruit : calyx densely strigose ; tube 3 mm. long ; teeth subulate-filiform, 4-6 mm. long : corolla pale rose-purple or lilac, in age turning light brownish, about i cm. long ; banner straight and obtuse. This species is related to T. dasypliylluiii ; differing in the minute 3-toothed bracts and their shorter and comparatively broader leaflets. It is still nearer related to T. aaiminatus Greene ; from which it is distinguished by the smaller flowers and the not acuminate banner. It is an alpine plant growing among rocks at an altitude of about 3000 m. Colorado: West Spanish Peak, 1900, Rydberg & Vrec/and, j()30 (type), S951 and 3932. Lathyrus leucanthus sp. nov. A glabrous or slightly pubescent perennial with a very slender rootstock. Stem about 3 dm. high, angled : stipules very narrow, semi -sagittate : leaflets 2—4 pairs, elliptic, veiny, glaucous, acute, mucronate, 1—3 cm. long, 3— 10 mm. wide : tendrils of the lower leaves mere tips ; of the upper elongated and sometimes 3 -di- vided : racemes short, in the axils of the middle leaves, 3—4 cm. long, 2— 4-flowered : calyx glabrous, cleft to about the middle : lobes lanceolate, acuminate: corolla white, about 15 mm. long: banner broad. RvDBERG : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 38 This is nearest related to L. Ari.':oiiic/is, but differs in the broader leaves and banner. It grows at an altitude of 2400- 3000 m. Colorado: Ojo, 1900, Rydberg & Ircelaiid, 6020 (type); Pass Creek, 6021 ; West Indian Creek, 6022 ; mountain near Veta Pass, 6o2j ; Veta Pass, 1890, Mr. and Mrs. G. H. Hicks, ig; Ridgway, 1895, F. Tiveedy, 2jg. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 14 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA— V. BY P. A. RYDBERG NEW YORK 1901 [Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Toerey Botanical Club, 28 : 366-2S4. 21 May, 1901.] *» > T A « I C A L Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora. — V. By r. A. Rydberg Sporobolus aristatus sp. nov. Vi//a depmipcrata \'2iX. filiforuiis Wats. King's Exp. 5 : 376, in part (as to the awned form). 1871. Not Thurb. Perennial with short branching rootstock. Culm usually only 4—6 cm. high : internodes short, usually covered by the open strongly striate sheath ; ligules lanceolate, acute, about 1.5 mm. long : leaf- blades 8-14 mm. long, and about i mm. wide, striate and puberu- lent on the upper surface : panicle few-flowered, very narrow, with short erect branches ; empty glumes almost equal, or the inner slightly longer, i — 1.25 mm. long, less than half as long as the flowering glume, ovate, acutish or obtuse and somewhat erose at the apex : flowering glume about 2.5 mm. long, strongly veined, long-strigose on the veins and tipped with an awn .5—1 mm. long ; palet almost equal to the flowering glume (awn excepted) in length, acuminate, but not awned, strigose. This species is closely related to 5". filifoniiis (Thurb.) Rydb. differing in the lower habit, less exserted panicle, firmer empty glumes and the presence of a distinct awn. It grows in wet places at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Wyoming: Big Horn Mountains, Sheridan Co., 1899, F. Tiveedy, 2ig6 (type); Spread Creek, 1897, 2^. Utah : Bear River Caiion, 1 869, S. JVatsou, 1281. Poa platyphylla Nash & Rydb. Poa trivialis var. occidcntalis Vasey, Desc. Cat. Grasses 85. 1885. 'Hot Poa flexuosa \2i\'. occidcntalis \3.seY. 1878. Poa occidcntalis Vasey, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb, i : 275. 1893. Carex ebenea sp. nov. Perennial by a cespitose rootstock. Stem 2-4 dm. high, strongly striate ; sheath with a conspicuous membranaceous ligu- lar portion, ligule proper rounded, about 2 mm. long ; leaf-blades flat, 1-2 dm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, strongly nerved : spikelets about I cm. long in a dense globular or rounded- conical head : 266 267 Rvdberg: Studies on the Rocky Mouxtaix Flora shining, brownish black with a h'ghter midrib, lanceolate, acute, 3—4 mm. long : perigynia lanceolate, tapering gradually into a long beak, with the beak about 5 mm. long, dark brown ; staminate flowers at the base and mixed with the pistillate : upper portion of the wings and the beak scabrous on the margins ; teeth at the apex of the beak very short, subulate : styles 2 : achene oblong, lenticular, nearly 2 mm. long and fully i mm. broad. This species is nearest related to C. /estiva and has been labeled C. festiva Haydcniana, but it is not the same as the original of that variety, which has broadly ovate perigynia. C. cbeiica differs also from all forms of C. festiva in the form of the perigynia and in the dark glossy color of the bracts and perigynia. Colorado: Pikes Peak, 1900, F. Clements (type); Windy Point, 1900; Mt. Harvard, 1896, 7; Grecian Bend, 1896, Bot- tomless Pit, and Saddle, Clements ; between Cheyenne Mountain and Seven Lakes, 1896, E. A. Bessey ; Ironton, 1899, C. C. Curtis ; Telluride, 1894, F. Ticeedy, ic)^ ; Chambers Lake and Cameron Pass, 1896, C. F. Baker ; Clear Creek Cafion, 1878, M. E. Jones, 26 J ; Silver Plume, 1895, Rydberg, 2^60; Pagosa Peak, 1899, C F. Baker, 233. Streptopus curvipes Vail sp. no v. Simple, glabrous, except the margins of the leaves and the peduncles. Stems 1-3 dm. high, from a slender rootstock cov- ered with few fibrous rootlets : leaves sessile, oval or oblong- lanceolate, 3—8 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, rounded and slightly clasping at the base, 3-5 -nerved, the margins finely gland- ular-ciliate : flowers 3-5, solitary: peduncles not geniculate, 5-15 mm. long, glandular-pubescent : flowers pale purple or rose- colored : perianth-segments lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, minutely glandular-pubescent on the inner surface : anthers 2-beaked ; beaks slender, about half the length of the anther : style 3-cleft, the spreading branches stigmatic along the inner side : berry glo- bose, when mature brick red, 7-9 mm. in diameter : seeds clavate, 3—4 mm. long, with many cross-striate ridges. Differs from Streptopus roscus in its simple habit and the non- geniculate and much shorter peduncles. The beaks of the anthers seem to be a trifle longer than in S. roseus. It is closely related to 5. brevipes Baker, but is larger and coarser in every respect. The flowers of the latter species are not known. British Columbia: Asulkan Pass, alt. 4400 ft., June to July, Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 268 1897, Mrs. Zoc IV. Palmer (type) ; Glacier, alt. 4122 ft., June to July, 1897, Mrs. Zo'i- W. Palmer ; Glacier, June, 1897, Mr. & Mrs. Cornelhis Van Brunt. Alaska : Juneau, along the mountain side, July 24, 1891, Miss Grace E. Cooley ; Yes Bay, July 10, 1895, Thomas Hoivell, 166^ (all in Herb. N. Y. Botanical Garden or Columbia University) ; Ferd. Bishoff. Oregon : E. Hall, j2i. Washington: Skamania Co., Aug., 1886, Suksdorf ; Mt. Adams, 3-400 ft., Si/ksdorf, 7/; June, 1879, _/. Hozvell {t\\Q last five specimens in Herb. Gray). Vagnera brachypetala sp. nov. A tall. stout perennial, 5-8 dm. high. Stem striate, puberu- lent, especially the upper portion : leaves subsessile or short- petioled, oval or ovate, 8-18 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, often short- acuminate and twisted at the apex, with 5-7 stronger nerves and numerous weaker ones : panicle on a peduncle 4—5 cm. long, rather dense, 3—10 cm. long and 2—5 cm. broad : petals and sepals oblong, I— 1.5 mm. long, scarcely half as long as the broadly di- lated, lanceolate-subulate petaloid filaments : style about .5 mm. long : berry dark purple, about 6 mm. in diameter. This species is closely related to V. raccmosa and V. amplcxi- caulis, perhaps most nearly to the former, but is easily distinguished by the short petals and the purple fruit. In V. racemosa the petals and sepals are almost as long as the filaments and the fruit is 7—8 mm. in diameter and red with purple spots. V. brachypetala grows on hillsides up to an altitude of 2500 m. British Columbia: Glacier, at the "Loup," 1897, Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Van Brunt (in fruit, type) ; Deer Park, Columbia River, 1890, JoJin Maconn ; Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1893, JoJm Maconn, jppS. Washington: Seattle, 1891, C. V. Piper, ig8. Idaho: Lake Waha, 1892, Sandberg, MacDougal & Heller, 228. Vagnera leptopetala sp. nov. A slender glabrous perennial, 2-3 dm. high. Rootstock very slender for the genus, white, only about 2 mm. in diameter: stem erect, strict or the upper portion somewhat zigzag, striate and pale : leaves oblong-lanceolate, 6-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, light 269 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora green, sessile, long-acute, with 3—5 stronger nerves and 12—14 weaker ones : raceme terminal, simple, 3-6-flowered : pedicels 5—8 mm. long : petals and sepals linear, acute, about 4 mm. long and less than i mm. wide, very thin, white : fruit not seen. This species is nearly related to V. stcllata and V. lUiacca, but differs in the narrow petals and sepals, the slender rootstock and the lighter green foliage. It grows in rich soil in caiions at an altitude of 2000-2100 m. Colorado: Headwarters of Sangre de Christo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland, 64^ r (type); Dark Caiion, Pikes Peak, 1900, Fj-cd Clements. Limnorchis purpurascens sp. nov. A rather stout plant, 3-5 dm. high, with fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute, 6—10 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. wide, dark green : bracts lanceolate, the lower exceeding the flowers : spike rather dense : flowers 10— 12 mm. long : lateral sepals green, oblong-linear, or linear, obtuse, 4-5 mm. long ; the upper sepal tinged with purple, broadly ovate, erect, obtuse : petals slightly shorter, erect, purple, lanceolate, oblique : lip broadly linear-lan- ceolate, about 5 mm. long, purplish, scarcely at all dilated at the base, the edges almost straight : spur scarcely more than half as long as the lip, much thickened and saccate. This species belongs to the L. Jiyperborea group, and is perhaps nearest related to that species. It differs, however, in the purple petals and lip and the shorter and more saccate spur. The spur has almost the same form as that of L. stricta ; but from that species it differs in the dense spike and the broader lip. L. pur- purascens grows in damp woods at an altitude of 2700-3000 m. Colorado: Iron Mountain, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland, 6^1^ (type); Manitou, 1900, /vyv/ Clements, iy2 ; Georgetown, 1878, M. E. Jones, j/7. Piperia gen. nov. Montolivaea Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card, i : 106. 1900. Not Reichenb. Professor C. V. Piper of the Agricultural Experiment Station at Pullman, Washington, has called my attention to the fact that the genus Montolivaea was based not on Platanthera elegans Lindley, or Habenaria eleenns Bolander ; but on Montolivaea elczaiis Reich- Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 270 enb., or Hahcnaria clcgans Jackson, of a much later date. The genus that I shortly characterized under the name of Moiitolivacx in the Memoir cited above, is therefore without a name. As I find that no genus has at yet been dedicated to Professor Piper, I take the pleasure in naming this for him. The genus contains at least three species, viz. Piperia elegans (Lindl.) Plataiitlicra clcgans Lindi. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 285. 1835. Haboiaria elegans Boland.; Wats. Bot. Calif 2: 133. 1876. Moiitolivaea clcgans Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 106. 1900. Not Reichenb. Piperia Unalaschensis (Spreng.) Spiranthcs UnalascJiciisis 'i^x^w^. ^ysX. 2,'- 708. 1826. Habcnaria UnalascJicnsis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12 : 277. 1876. Montolivaca Unalaschensis Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 107. 1900. Piperia elongata sp. no v. A slender strict plant, 4—7 dm. high. Corm ellipsoid, about 2 cm. long and i cm. in diameter : leaves 2, near the base ; blades lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute, 8—15 cm. long, 1—2 cm. wide: spike elongated and lax, 2-3 dm. long : flowers about i cm. long : sepals green, about 5 mm. long, the upper lanceolate, the other two linear obtuse : petals lanceolate, oblique, equalling the sepals : lip entire, broadly lanceolate : spur slender, scarcely clavate, almost cylindrical, arcuate, 10—12 mm. long, about .7 mm. thick. This is somewhat intermediate between the two preceding. It has almost the same flowers as the first and the general habit of the second. P. clcgans, with which it has generally been con- fused, has a stouter, more fleshy stem, thicker bracts and a short crowded spike. P. UnalascJicnsis has the same habit as the present species, but the spur is very short and saccate. P. elongata grows in open woods, up to an altitude of 700 m. Idaho : Priest Lake, near lower end, 1900, D. T. JMacDoiigal, 168 (type); Priest River Valley, /jy. Washington : W. Klickitat County, 1885, W. N. Snksdorf ; Seattle, 1889, C. V. Piper, loSi. 271 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora Corallorrhiza Vreelandii sp. nov. Scape rather stout, 2-4 dm. high, dark purphsh brown. Sheaths, especially the lowest one, much inflated, purplish brown with dark purple striations : flowers 6-15, about 15 mm. long, in fruit drooping : sepals oblong, y-^ mm. long, brown with 3 purple stripes : petals similar but slightly broader and with 4 stripes : lip ovate, entire, with a small gibbosity at the base : spur none. This is nearest related to C. striata, from which it differs in the smaller flowers and narrower sepals and petals. The type was found growing among alders and willows at the margin of a small lake, at an altitude of about 2700 m. It was first dis- covered by Mr. F. K. Vreeland, my enthusiastic associate and pleasant companion in field work last summer. Colorado : Veta Mountain, 1900, Rydberg & Vreclaiid, 6^iS. Salix Wyomingensis sp. nov. A shrub i m. high or less. Bark of the main trunk gray ; that of the branches dark -brown or grayish, shining, some- what flaky ; young branches appressed-villous ; buds brown, shining, pubescent when young : leaves small, rather crowded ; petioles 2-4 mm. long ; blade oval or obovate, acute, 1-3 cm. long, entire or exceedingly minutely- callous-denticulate, upper surface green and shining, slightly pubescent when young, glabrate in age ; lower surface pale bluish green, appressed silky- villous : aments borne on very short leafy branches, about 3 cm. long, 8-10 mm. in diameter: bracts brown, oblong or ovate, obtuse: pedicels scarcely i mm. long : ovary villous, but green, when fully developed only about 3 mm. long: style .5 mm. long: stigmas short, slightly 2-cleft. This species is nearest related to 5. ^/rt//(r<9/.y Anderson, but differs in the small oval or obovate leaves and the much smaller and greener ovaries. It grows at an altitude of 2100-2700 m. Wyoming : Eastern Slope of Big Horn Mountains, headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, 1900, F. Tzvecdv, J4J4. (type) and J4jj. Salix stenophylla sp. nov. A shrub 2—5 m. high. Bark of older stems light brownish green, smooth ; that of the slender strict branches brown : young shoots silvery pubescent : leaves narrowly linear, 3-7 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide, acute, entire or minutely and distantly dentic- ulate, permanently finely silky strigose, but not white : pistillate Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 272 aments 3—4 cm. long at the ends of short leafy branches : bracts yellow, oblanceolate, deciduous, acute, 2—2.5 nim. long, rather sparingly silky -villous : pistil green, about 4 mm. long, glabrous except the swollen portion at the end just below the red stigma: stipe about i mm. long : style none : stigma minutely 4-lobed : fruit glabrous, narrowly ovoid-conic, about 6 mm. long, and 1.5 mm. in diameter : staminate aments 2—3 cm. long, 5 mm. in diam- eter : bracts like those of the pistillate aments, but more obtuse and more villous : stamens 2, about twice as long as the bracts : filaments slightly hairy, especially below. This species is a member of the longifolia group and nearest related to 6". exigua Nutt., at least as understood by Professor Rowlee ; but differs in the narrower leaves, the distinct stipe and the peculiar swelling just below the stigma. It grows on river banks up to an altitude of 2500 m. Colorado: Cuchara River, below La Veta, \ goo, Rydberg & Vreclaud, 6jc)2 (staminate flowers) and 6jgj (pistillate, type) ; Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, I2y (staminate) and 102 (pistillate in fruit). New Mexico: 185 1-2, Wright, iSy^ and iSj^ ; 1847, Fcnd- Icr, 813. Arizona: San Francisco Mountains, 1881, Rnsby, jy i. Salix padifolia sp. nov. A shrub 1-7 m. high, with light brown smooth bark. Young twigs strict, glabrous and shining, yellow, or often brown or purple : stipules ovate or rounded, glandular-dentate : leaves with petioles 5 8 mm. long ; blade oval or broadly elliptic, crenate, short-acute or obtusish, rounded at the base, 3—5 cm. long, 1.5—2 cm. wide, when young sparingly covered with silky hairs, but soon glabrate. dark green above, paler beneath : pistillate aments 3—4 cm. long, densely flowered, appearing usually before the leaves, borne on very short branches and subtended by 1-4 small leaves : bracts obovate, fuscous, covered on the outside with white wool : pistils nearly sessile, glabrous: style about 1.5 mm. long: stigmas 2, nearly i mm. long, 2-cleft : capsules ovate-conic, about 6 mm. long: staminate aments almost sessile, 2-3 cm. long, 10-12 mm. in diameter : bracts as those of the pistillate aments : stamens 2; filaments glabrous. This is a species of the cordata group and nearest related to 6". Mackcnziaiia ; but differs in the shorter oval leaves, the shorter and thicker aments and the exceedingly short stipes. It has gen- 273 Rvdberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora erally been referred to 5". cordata ; but has much thicker and shorter ainents and the leaves are quite different, thin, very short and broad, never acuminate and never sharply serrate. It grows along streams at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Colorado : Tributaries of Turkey Creek, 1900, Rydbcrg & Vrceland, 6j8g (fruit, type); Ojo, 6j86 (staminate) and 6j8/ ( pistillate ) ; Pass Creek, 6j88 ( pistillate ) ; Los Pinos, 1 899, Baker, 2^1 ; Bob Creek, ]Sg8, Baker, Earlc & Tracy, IJS ; Silverton, 1895, F. Tweedy, 268 ( ? ). Wyoming : Golden Gate, 1899, Avcn & Ellas Nelson, jS-fg. Montana : Ten miles east of Monida, 1899, Aven & Ellas Nelson, S427- Salix flava sp. no v. A shrub or small tree, 4—7 m. high, \vith grayish yellow rough bark. Branches short and divergent, light yellow, smooth and shining : stipules rounded, entire : leaves with petioles 2-6 mm. long ; blades lanceolate, short-acuminate or acute, entire or indis- tinctly crenulate, rather firm, yellowish green, glabrous on both sides, ■^—y cm. long : pistillate aments 2-3 cm. long, almost ses- sile, subtended by 1-2 leaves or naked : bracts very short, obo- vate, fuscous, densely long-woolly : pistil stipitate, glabrous ; stipe in fruit often 2 mm. long: style about .5 mm. long: stigmas ob- long, subentire : capsule ovate, about 6 mm. long : staminate aments 2—3 cm. long, sessile : bracts as in the pistillate aments : stamens 2 ; filaments glabrous. This is also a member of the cordata group and nearest re- lated to 5". hitca Nutt., differing in the less acuminate and suben- tire leaves, which are not paler beneath, and the longer stipes. It grows along streams at an altitude of i 500-2000 m. Wyoming: Green River, 1895, /?jv//w^ (type) ; Spread Creek, 1897, F. Tweedy, J02. Montana: Boulder River, 1888, F. Tweedy, 6j. Idaho: Beaver Canon, \?,g^, Rydbei-g. Nevada: Unionville, 1868, S. Watson, logy. Utah: Wahsatch Mountains, 1869, S. Watson, iog6, in part. Colorado : South Park, 1873,/. Wolfe ; Cucharas Valley, near LaVeta, igoo, Rydbcrg & Vrecla)id,6j7j ; Manitou, 1878, J:/! E. Jones, JO. Blitum hastatum sp. nov. A slender annual, 2—4 dm. high. Leaves very thin ; blades Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 274 3—7 cm. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate in outline, but often hastately lobed at the base, which is broadly cuneate and decurrent on the slender petiole ; the upper ones smaller and generally not hastate : lower petioles 2—4 cm. long ; flowers in small glomerules in the upper axils and on a slender interrupted terminal spike : seeds brownish black, smooth and shining, about i mm. long. This species differs from B. capitatnin in the hastate or entire, never toothed, thin leaves and in the inflorescence which is more inclined to be naked above, more lax and with smaller glomerules. It grows at an altitude of 2000—3000 m. Wyoming: Buffalo, 1900,/^. Tweedy, j;2g^ {ty^€). Utah: Alta, Wahsatch Mountains. 1879, M. E. Jones, 1 181. Nevada : Above Thousand Springs Valley, 1868, 5. Watson, 977- Alsine Curtisii sp. nov. Slender, erect, branched, 2-6 dm. high with a slender horizon- tal rootstock. Stem sharply 4-angled, glabrous, except at the in- florescence : leaves linear or lance-linear strongly i -nerved, sessile, rounded and half clasping at the base, long-attenuate at the apex, 3-6 cm. long, 3—5 mm. wide, those of the inflorescence smaller : branches of the many-flowered cymes divergent, very viscid-pubes- cent : sepals about 3 mm. long, thick, ovate-oblong, obtuse or acutish with a narrow white margin : petals about 7 mm. long, cuneate with a broad and deep sinus at the apex : seeds very few, dark brown, almost 2 mm. in diameter. This species is nearest related to A. Javiesii and has been con- fused with it ; the differences are mostly in the leaves and sepals. In A. Curtisii the former are scarcely half as wide as those of A. Javiesii, and the sepals of the former are rather thick while in the latter almost membranous. A. Curtisii grows at an altitude of 1800 to 3000 m. Wyoming : Headwaters of Cliff Creek, 1900, C. C Curtis (type). Utah: Wahsatch Mountains, 1869, ^. Watson, i^g (in part); Beaver Valley, \%j'j,E. Palmer, 51]^; Alta, Wahsatch Moun- tains, 1879, ^- E- Jones, 1160. Nevada : East Humboldt Mountains, 1868, ^. Watson, ijp (in part). Arizona: Mogallon Mountains, 1881, //. H. Rushv. 275 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora Arenaria confusa sp. nov. A slender diffuse plant with cespitose, perennial, but not ligneous base. Stems slender, branched, 4—6 dm. long, finely puberulent ■ leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, pointed, with a strong midrib, puberulent, 1—2 cm. long : pedicels in fruit divergent, about i cm. long, slightly bent under the calyx : sepals linear-lanceolate, acumi- nate, scarious-margined, not tuberculate-punctate, about 3 mm. long : petals about three fourths as long as the sepals : capsule broadly ovoid, about 4 mm. long. This species is related to A. lanuginosa and A. saxosa, and some- what intermediate between the two. In habit it resembles most the former, but does not have the subverticillate or fascicled leaves ; the sepals are narrowly lanceolate instead of ovate and not tuber- culate-punctate, the stem is not retrorsely pubescent as in that species and the petals are larger. In all specimens of A. lanuginosa seen by me the petals are either lacking or not more than half as long as the sepals. A. saxosa is subligneous at the base, has low stems, short leaves, mostly less than i cm. long and sepals even in flower 4-5 mm. long. Dr. B. L. Robinson, in the Synoptical Flora, remarks under A. alsinoidcs (^A. lanuginosa) : " A more western form, represented from New Mexico by Fendler's 58 and 62 and Wright's 864, has slightly firmer stems, more numerous subpaniculate flowers, and leaves less narrowed at the base. In all these respects it shows a transition to the following." I have not seen the numbers of Fendler's collection cited ; but Wright's 864 as represented in Columbia University Herbarium belongs to A. confusa. On the sheet of Rusby's 38, cited below, found in the Columbia University herbarium. Dr. Robinson has written in pencil : " Apparently this is merely a lax form of A. saxosa Gray. The earliest leaves are crowded, the upper internodes much elongated, and later flowers are always smaller. (B. L. R.)" Wilcox's plant cited below was also determined by Dr. Robin- son as A. saxosa. Both of these agree perfectly, however, with Wright's specimens ; but neither with our material of A. lanuginosa from the Southern States and Mexico, nor with the type of A. saxosa. A. confusa grows in caiions at an altitude of 2000—3 5^0 ^n. New Mexico : White Mountains, 1897, E. 0. Wooton, 2^j (type); 185 1, C. Wright, 86-/. ; Burrow- Mountains, 1880,//. H. Rusby, j8. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 276 Arizona: Ft. Huachuca, 1892, T. E. Wilcox ; Rincou Moun- tains, 1 89 1, Neallf, iig ; Flagstaff, 1894, /. W. Toiiincy. Colorado: La Plata Mountains, 1896, F. Twcedj, ^26; Wahatoya Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vrcclatid, 62^^; Pagosa Peak, 1899, C. F. Baker, ^og. Delphinium ramosum sp. nov. A tall perennial, often 2 m. high. Stem glabrous and shining up to the inflorescence, often tinged purplish or bluish : petioles I — 1.5 dm. long; leaf-blade glabrous above, finely puberulent be- neath, divided near the base into 5—7 segments, which are 4-7 cm. long, oblanceolate or obovate, cuneate in outline, unequally 3-cleft and these segments again cleft into oblong or lanceolate lobes 3-6 mm. broad : inflorescence with slender branches, these sparingly and finely puberulent : bracts linear-subulate, 5—10 mm. long : pedicels slender, 1—3 cm. long: bractlets filiform, 2—5 mm. long, inserted 2—5 mm. below the calyx : sepals dark blue, striately nerved, slightly brownish at the base, about i cm. long, ovate ; the upper and lower ones acute ; the lateral ones obtuse, all puberulent : spur about I cm. long, straight, or slightly curved at the apex : upper petals dirty-white, tinged with brown and blue, about 8 mm. long : spur slender, almost i cm. long : lateral petals dark blue, bearded, with a slender claw, somewhat corniculate, bent at right angles and only slightly 2-lobed at the apex: follicles 3, 12—15 mm. long, somewhat spreading and with divaricate beaks. This species has without doubt been included in D. scopuloruni, but is evidently distinct from the type of that species. It is taller, with more branched inflorescence, glabrous stem and the flowers are usually tinged with brown at the base. The type of D. scopu- lornm has narrow, very acute and divergent lobes of the leaves and the calyx is purely dark blue. D. ramosnin grows at an alti- tude of 2000—3000 m. Colorado : North Cheyenne Canon, 1896, E. A. Besseyity^^) ; also in Williams Cafion, Artists Glen and other places near Pikes Peak; "Colorado," 1889, Alice Eastwood. Delphinium robustum sp. nov. A tall and stout perennial, often 2 m. high or more. Stem leafy, striate, puberulent throughout, often i cm. in diameter at the base; petioles 1—2 dm. long, puberulent; leaf-blade finely and 277 RvDBERG : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora sparingly puberulent on both sides, divided to the base into 5—7 segments, which are 6—12 cm. long and twice cleft into linear lobes 3—5 mm. broad : inflorescence branched, densely many-flowered : pedicels 1—3 cm. long, rather stout, usually equalled or surpassed by the linear bracts : bractlets filiform, 5— lo mm. long, inserted close under the calyx : sepals dark blue, paler at the base, ellipti- cal, all except the upper one obtuse, 12—15 mm. long; spur 12 mm. long, slightly curved : upper petals narrow, light brownish, striate : lateral petals with slender claws bent at right angles, bearded only within, deeply 2 -cleft at the apex. This species in perhaps closest related to D. cuatllatum A. Nelson but differs in the longer and narrower leaf-segments, the more branched inflorescence, the stouter habit, the longer bracts and bractlets and narrower upper petals. It grows at an altitude of about 2500 m. Colorado : Wahatoya Creek, below the Spanish Peaks, 1900, Rydbcrg & Vrccland, 621 j (type); Colorado Springs, 1895, ir". A. Bcsscy ; Ruton, 1840, Albert. Erysimum alpestre (Cockerell) Erysiumm aspcruni f. alpestre Cockerell, Bull. Torr. Club, 18 : 168. 1891. A tall strigose perennial with a deep tap-root : stem strict, sim- ple, 3-6 dm. high, striate : basal leaves linear or narrowly linear- oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, subentire or sinuately denticulate, grayish strigose, gradually tapering below with a short petiole : stem leaves mostly narrowly linear, the upper sessile : raceme at first short and corymbiform, in fruit much elongated : pedicels short, in fruit scarcely i cm. long, ascending: calyx 10- 1 2 mm. long, yellow : two of the sepals strongly saccate at the base : petals with slender claws : blades broadly obovate-cuneate, slightly emarginate, about 8 mm. long and broad, varying from orange or brown to rose-purple or the older pale yellow : pods four-angled, slender, erect, y-"^ cm. long and 1.5 mm. in diameter : style about 2 mm. long, stout. In general habit, this species closely resembles E. aspcnmi. Mr. Cockerell, who seems to have been the first to observe this in- teresting plant of the Sangre de Christo region, took it to be a form of E. asperuin with peculiarly colored petals, found only at high altitudes. I was first of the same opinion until I saw the fruit in the type number and still better developed in Mr. Bessey's Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora 278 specimens. This resembles more that of iT. aspcrrimimi {Clicivan- tJius aspcrriinuin Greene) than that of E. aspcnim. The present species is also less densely and more finely strigose than either of them. E. alpcstrc grows at an altitude of 2500 m. or more. Colorado: Headwaters of Pass Creek, igoo, Rydberg & Virc- laiid, 6200 (type); mountain near Veta Pass, 6igg ; Veta Moun- tain, Sigj ; tributary of Turkey Creek, 6igS ; East Indian Creek, 61 g6 ; Ojo, 6202 ; Bald Mountain, near Pikes Peak, 1896, E. A. Bcsscy. Draba aureiformis sp. no v. A slender grayish stellate plant with perennial tap-root : stem strict, 2—4 dm. high, simple or branched above, with slender erect branches : basal leaves spatulate, 2—3 cm. long, acute, entire : stem-leaves closely sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire or sinuately denticulate : petals sulphur yellow, 3—4 mm. long, broadly spatulate : pedicels ascending : pod erect, linear-oblong- lanceolate, 10—15 mrn- long, about 3 mm. wide, slightly if at all twisted, stellate : style about i mm. long. This species is nearest related to D. aurca, but characterized by the small light yellow^ petals, the slender style, the less dense pubescence, and slender stem. It grows in dry soil at an altitude of 2700-3300 m. Colorado : Headwaters of Pass Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vrce- IcDid, Sijy (type); Middle Park, 1861, C. C. Parry, loj ; Gray- mount, 1885, G. JV. Lcticnnan, 28. Physaria vitulifera sp. nov. A densely tufted finely stellate-pubescent perennial with deep tap-root. Basal leaves numerous, fiddle-shaped, the larger 4—5 cm. long ; terminal lobe nearly orbicular to broadly obovate, sub- entire, obtuse ; upper sinuses rounded : lateral lobes 1—2 pairs, much smaller : stems ascending, or decumbent, 1—2 dm. high : stem-leaves 1—2 cm. long, obovate or oblanceolate, entire : ped- icels short, usually curved in fruit : sepals about 4 mm. long, ob- long, acute : petals clawed, 8—9 mm. long : fruit obtuse at the base, deeply divided above ; cells much inflated, round-obovate, divergent, about 5 mm. in diameter : style about 5 mm. long. This species, as well as the two following, differs from P. didy- iiiocarpa in the smaller fruit, which is divided only above, not at 279 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora the base. In this respect they resemble P. Nczvberryi ; but the fruit is much smaller and not flattened on the sides. P. vitulifcra differs from the following in the form of the leaves and the curved pedicels. It grows in dry places at an altitude of about 2500 m. Colorado : Idaho Springs, 1895, P. A. Rvdbcrg (ty^o); Middle Park, 1 86 1, C. C. Parry, loi. Physaria floribunda sp. nov. Densely tufted perennial with thick tap-root. Flowering stems very numerous, ascending or almost erect, 1-2.5 '^"''- high: basal leaves less crowded and more erect than in the preceding, oblan- ceolate or spatulate, sinuately toothed, acute, 5- 10 cm. long : stem-leaves oblanceolate, entire, about 3 cm. long: sepals about 5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate : petals bright yellow, 8-9 mm. long, oblanceolate with broad claws : fruit obtuse or slightly cordate at the base, deeply divided above : cells much inflated, about 8 mm. in diameter, almost globular : style 6 mm. long. In the size and form of the fruit, this species is intermediate between the preceding and P. didymocarpa ; but it is taller than either. Sometimes the leaves are deeper sinuate, and then become slightly fiddleform ; but the terminal lobe is sinuately toothed and acutish. From P. didymocarpa it differs in the smaller fruit, which is less cordate at the base, and the longer, more acute leaves. It grows in loose sandy soil in mountain valleys at an altitude of 2000-2700 m. Colorado: Sangre de Christo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vrccland, ^/jf (type) and ^/j^ ; Hills about Golden, 1892, Craii- dall, jS- Physaria acutifolia sp. nov. A small tufted perennial with a deep rather slender tap-root. Basal leaves numerous, 1.5—2.5 cm. long, oblanceolate or obovate, acute, entire or slightly wavy, very finely stellate : stem-leaves rather few, oblanceolate : flowering stems 4—6 cm. long, ascending or depressed : fruit small, obtuse or slightly cordate at the base, deeply divided above : cells inflated, almost spherical, 4—6 mm. in diameter : style about 5 mm. long. This species differs from /'. didymocarpa in the smaller size, in the acute leaves, and the smaller fruit, which is more deeply divided above and less so below. In general habit it resembles more P. Gcyeri, from which it differs in the turgid more spherical cells. It grows in the mountains, reaching an altitude of 3000 m. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 280 Colorado : Grand Junction, 1893, Alice Eastzvood (type). Wyoming: Mount Leidy, 1897, F. Tzueedy, jgi. Cardamine cardiophylla sp. nov. Stem stout, 3-10 dm. high, densely hirsute with short white hairs, almost pilose : leaves rounded-cordate or the lower reniform, simple, coarsely sinuately toothed : blades 3—4 cm. broad, more or less pubescent : petioles more or less densely pilose, those of the basal leaves 5—8 cm. long, those of the upper stem -leaves very short : sepals also pubescent, about 3 mm. long : petals white, broadly spatulate, about 8 mm. long : pedicels in fruit spreading, 1.5—2 cm. long: pods 2.5—3.5 '^'^''- ^o^S". ascending, 1.5 mm. wide. This species is nearest related to C. cordifolia, and differs mainly in the thicker leaves and the dense pubescence. It reaches an altitude of 3300 m. Colorado : Tennessee Pass, Lake County, 1900, Geo. E. Osterhoiit, ziyS (type); 1893, Dc Alton Saunders ; Camp beyond Bent's Fort, 1845, Fremont, ^2g. Thlaspi Coloradense sp. nov. Perennial ; rootstock or caudex cespitose, the branches rosu- liferous at the apex. Basal leaves broadly spatulate, 1—2 cm. long, fleshy, 4—7 mm. wide, sinuately crenate or subentire : flowering stems 2-8 cm. long, leafy: stem-leaves oblong or obovate, 3—10 mm. long, obtuse : inflorescence short and dense, even in fruit seldom over 2 cm. long : sepals rounded-ovate, obtuse, with a white margin, about 2 mm. long : petals large, obovate-spatulate, 5—6 mm. long : silicle obovate, about 6 mm. long, only shghtly emarginate at the apex : wing-margins very narrow ; carina on the sides rather prominent : seeds red, about i mm. long. This species has been included by American authors in T. alpestre, which is not found in America. The European species has very small flowers and a different pod which is obcordate with a narrow and deep sinus at the apex. Professor Greene has determined T. Coloradense as T. Fendleri Gray. The latter was described from flowering specimens and might be the present species ; at least it is much like it. Specimens in fruit from the same region as the type of T. Fendleri were collected later and were referred by Dr. Gray to T. Fendleri ; in these the fruit is larger, decidedly inverted triangular in outline, broader margined at the corners and almost truncate at the apex. 281 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora T. Coloradciisc grows at an altitude of 2500 m. or more, among rocks. Colorado: Bald Mountain near Pikes Peak, 1896, E. A. Bessey (type) ; South Cheyenne Canon, Colorado Springs, 1900, Rydberg & Vrecland, 6126 ; West Spanish Peak 61 2"] and 6128 ; Pikes Peak, 1894, E. A. Bcsscy ; Pikes Peak and Baldy, 1896, F. Clements; Pikes Peak and Tennessee Pass, 1893, Z?r Alton Saunders ; Laramie County, 1893, C. S. Crandall, 60 ; Pikes Peak, 1 89 1, Dr. E. Penard, ^4. ; Arapahoe, 55 ; Los Pinos, 1899, C. F. Baker; Cheyenne Mountain and Seven Lakes, 1896,^. A. Bessey. Thlaspi purpurascens sp. nov. Perennial with a tap-root crowned by a very short caudex and a rosette of leaves ; flowering stems generally several, less than I dm. high : basal leaves oval or broadly spatulate, 2—3 cm. long, petioled, usually more or less sinuate-dentate : stem-leaves ovate, obtuse, with a truncate base, closely sessile: sepals 2.5-3 ^nm. long, oblong-oval, obtuse, purplish with broad white margins : petals broadly spatulate, about 6 mm. long : silicle triangular- obovate, distinctly winged above and with a very broad and shal- low sinus at the apex, 7-8 mm. long. This species is closely related to the preceding and inter- mediate forms are not lacking. The principal difference is in the fruit, which in T. purpiirascens is comparatively broader, distinctly winged and with a broad and open sinus at the top, almost trun- cate and less keeled on the sides. The sepals in all specimens seen are purplish and broader, the stem leaves are larger, more ovate and usually with a truncate base, and the branches of the caudex are very short. Arizona : 1876, E. Palmer, ^yi (type) ; San Francisco Moun- tains, 1 88 1, H. H. Rnsby, 28 ; \%^'j,Dr. E. A. Mearns, 34 ; Flagstafl", 1898, D. T. MacDougal, 228. Colorado : Headwaters of Sangre de Christo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland, 6123 ; Iron Mountain, 6124. Sophia glandulifera sp. nov. Biennial. Stem simple below, branched above, about 6 dm. high, slightly grayish pubescent with branched hairs, decidedly glandular-viscid above ; branches spreading, with upwardly curved ends : leaves pubescent and viscid, bipinnately divided ; segmicnts Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 282 linear-lanceolate or of the upper leaves filiform, acute or attenuate : flowers light yellow : petals scarcely exceeding the sepals : pedicels very short in flower ; in fruit 4-6 mm. long, ascending or almost erect : pods 8—10 mm. long, erect, more or less curved, especially those of the branches, scarcely exceeding 7 mm. in.width, more or less constricted between the seeds ; beak slender, short, about .5 mm. long : seeds uniserial, red, a little over i mm. long. This species has the short pedicels and erect pods of 5. Hart- ivcgiana, but the pod of the latter is more slender, and often curved, the whole plant is greener and conspicuously glandular, and the segments of the leaves are more slender. The latter char- acter and the short ascending or erect pedicels distinguish it from 6". iiicisa Engelm. It grows at an altitude of 1000-1500 m. Wyoming : Rolling plains between Sheridan and Buffalo, 1900, F. Tweedj', jjp-- Sedum frigidum sp. nov. Perennial with a fleshy rootstock, dioecious. Stems usually less than i dm. high, light green : leaves flat, 1-1.5 cm. long and 5—7 mm. wide, sessile, obovate or oblong-obovate, often dentate above the middle, or entire, acute : inflorescence dense, usually dark purple : flowers 4-5-merous, usually 5-merous : sepals of the staminate flowers lanceolate, acute, 1.5-2 mm. long, dark purple or rarely greenish : petals oblanceolate or oblong, acute, about 3 mm. long, dark purple or very rarely greenish tinged with purple : fila- ments filiform, purple, about one third longer than the petals, the pistillate similar but with somewhat shorter and more obtuse petals : follicles 3—5 mm. long, oblong, with a very short beak about .5 mm. long, divergent or at last recurved. This species has gone under the name of 6". roscuvi (L.) Scop., but is quite unlike the northern European plant, which must be re- garded as the type of RJiodiola rosea L. This has a very short, almost tuberous rootstock, more oblanceolate leaves about 3 cm. long, usually with very sharp dentations, usually yellow petals, longer filaments almost twice as long as the petals and follicles, 6- 8 mm. long. This form is also found in the mountains of southern Europe ; but there seems to be another European plant ; this is de- scribed and figured under the name RJiodiola rosea in the " Flora von Deutschland" published by Schlechtendal, Langethal and Schenk. It resembles more the Rocky Mountain plant in the purple, flowers and short stamens, but it has more inversely deltoid leaves, 283 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora the fertile flowers have very minute petals or none and the follicles have long beaks. In all systematic botanies of Scandinavia and Russia, S. rosciiui is described as having yellow petals, which is never the case in the Rocky Mountain and Alaskan plants. In this respect plants from eastern North America agree with the European. S. frigidtnn is an alpine-arctic plant growing in Colorado at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. In Montana it is found at an alti- tude of about 2700 m. and in Alaska at low altitudes. It grows among rocks, associating with several species of Saxifraga and Adoxa Moschatellina. Montana: Old Hollow Top, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, 42^8 (type); Long Baldy, 1896, Flodman, jij ; Haystack Peak, 1899, P. Koch. Colorado : West Spanish Peak, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland, 61 12 (9); 61 14 ( (? ) and 61 ij (.with greenish, merely purple- tinged flowers) ; Grayback Mining Camp, 61 16 ; Pikes Peak, 1900, F. Clnneiits ; 1821, Dr. James ; Arapahoe Peak, 1891, Dr. E. Penard ; Pikes Peak, 1894, E. A. Bcssey ; 1893, De Alton Saimdcrs. Nevada: Mineral King, Sierra, Nev^ada, 1891, Covillc & Fiinstoii, ij2(p. Idaho: Packsaddle Peak, 1892, Sa/idbcrg, MacDougal & Heller, 860. Washington: Mt. Paddo, 1886, W. H. Suksdorf, 839. Alaska: Muniak Island, \%<^\, Jas. M. Macoiin, 48; Shu- magin, 1 871-1872, J/. W. Harrington; King Island, 1897, E. A. Mcllhenny, 8j. Sedum polygamum sp. nov. Perennial with a thick fleshy rootstock. Stem 1—3 dm. high : leaves obovate or oblanceolate, acute, sessile, flat, entire or minutely denticulate, 1.5—2.5 cm. long: inflorescence dark purple, dense : flowers dioecio-polygamous : sepals of the staminate ones lanceo- late, 2 mm. long, acute : petals oblanceolate, dark purple, about 3 mm. long : filaments about half longer than the petals, purple, broader than in the preceding species, abruptly acuminate above : fertile flowers with more lanceolate petals and usually with sta- mens which however have shorter filaments scarcely exceeding the petals : follicles 6-8 mm. long with an ascending or spreading beak, about i mm. long. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 284 This species is closely related to the preceding, but is stouter, the fertile flowers usually with stamens, the follicles larger and with less divaricate beaks. It has also been included in 5. rosciim^ but is really nearer related to S. atroptirpiircujn of eastern Asia, which however has larger leaves. .S. polygamuin grows at an alti- tude of 3000 m. or more. Colorado : West Spanish Peak, igoo, Rydberg & Vrecland, 61 1 J (type); Silverton, 1895, F. Tzvccdy 124.; Mt. Hesperus, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, 481 ; Basin Creek, La Plata Moun- tains, 4.80 ; Mt. Lincoln, 1873, /. M. Coulter; Chambers Lake, 1894, C. S. Grand all. New Mexico: White Mountains, 1897, E. 0. Wootou, djy. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 15 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA.-VI BY P. A. RYDBERG NEW YORK 1901 [Reprinted from Bulletin Tokeey Botanical Club, 28 : i,99-5is. 30 Sept. 1901.] iStCW Y ^ ^ T A « I c A L "'*g6, Fred. C/cmcuts, jgo. Chrysothamnus scoparius sp. nov. Perennial with a woody caudex and deep tap-root. Stems 1-2 dm. high, glabrous and shining, with a white bark : leaves nar- rowly linear, light bluish-green, glabrous, 2-3 cm. long, a little over I mm. wide, more or less twisted : cyme flat-topped : heads numerous, 6-8 mm. high, 2-3 mm. wide ; bracts chartaceous, lanceolate, acuminate. This .species is still more like C. stciiopJiyllus in habit, but the bracts are different, being acuminate instead of obtuse or acute and more keeled. The perennial portion is also much shorter and the general color of the plant is much lighter. Colorado : Mesas, La Veta, 1900, F. K. Vrccland, 6gS. Aster crassulus sp. nov. Aster miiltifloriis A. Gray, PI. Wr. 2 : 75. In part. 1853. Aster incano-pilosns Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. I : 393. In part. 1900. Perennial with a horizontal, stoloniferous rootstock. Stems erect or ascending or rarely decumbent, usually simple below, branched above, 4-7 dm. high, terete, brownish, densely hirsute with short divaricate hairs : stem-leaves linear, or oblong-linear, 3- 6 cm. long, 2-t^ mm. wide, rather firm, hirsute with short spreading hairs, sessile and slightly clasping, in age usually reflexed, acute with a short spinulose tip; those of the branches smaller; those of the branchlets only 3-5 mm. long and merging into the bracts of the involucres : heads numerous, borne at the end of leafy branchlets which are 1-2 cm. long ; involucre turbinate, 5-8 mm. high, 8-10 mm. broad ; bracts in 3-4 series, the outer successively shorter, broadly spatulate, minutely spinulose-mucronate, very thick, hirsute especially on the margin, chartaceous at the base with a broadly oval herbaceous tip : rays numerous, white, 5-7 mm. long and fullv i mm. wide : achenes strigose. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 605 This is a member of the A. vuiltiflonis group and has been confused with A. coi/iiniitcitiis [T. & G.) Gray or A. incano-pilosus Sheldon. In A. coininutatiis, the stem is strigose-pubescent, the branchlets more elongated and the outer bracts longer than in x\- crassitliis and often equalling or surpassing the inner bracts. It may be the same as described by Lindley in Hooker's Flora and DeCandoUe's Prodromus as "' A. ramulosus ;?, incano-pilosus"; but here it is to be noticed that the word "incano-pilosus" is printed in the same type as all the descriptions and not the special type used for names. Hence "incano-pilosus" was a descriptive term for the A. raiiuilosiis ,5, and not the name. If, however, it should be taken as a name, which Mr. Sheldon did, it is a nouicii Jindmn, as no further description is given, and then should be disregarded. As Sheldon's Aster incano-pilosus, which is amply distinct, has as a synonym, the older A. commutatiis (T. & G.) Gray it must be dropped and A. couinuitatus substituted. A. crassu/ns grows on dry plains and table-land at an altitude of 1 200 m. Colorado : Mesas, La Veta, 1900, F. K. J^rccland, 6goa (type) and 6go \ Denver, 187 1, Dr. Geo. Smith, Sj ; Ridgway, 1894, F. Tweedy, J 06 ; Pagosa Spring, 1899, C. F. Baker, dj'/. New Mexico : 185 i, C Wright, iijj; Rio Dolores, Netvberry. California: Valley, near San Filipe, 1858, S.Hayes. Wyoming: Bear Lodge Mountains, 1898, L. ]V. Carter; Moorcroft, 1897, Z. W. Carter; Dayton, 1899, F. Tiveedy, 20JI. North Dakota: Minot, 1891, Wright; Custer, i2,g2, Ryd- f-^'-'i'g, 773- Montana: Park Co., 1887, F. Tzveedy, j^g ; Colgate, Sa//d- berg, MacDongal ^ Heller, 1021 ; Montana Valley, Madison Co., 1899, Aven & Elias Nelson, 68 jg. Aster exiguus (Fernald) Aster ciliatus Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2027. 1804. Not Walt. 1788. Aster licbecladns A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 185, under A. ninltiflorus. Not DC. Aster ninltiflorus var. exiguus Fernald, Rhodora. i : 187. 1899. I think that Aster ciliatus Muhl. is distinct from A. ninltiflorus ; 506 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora but unfortunately it is antedated by A. ciliatiis Walt. In A. imtlti- flonis the pubescence is mostly appressed and the bracts are nar- row-oblanceolate and rather thin. In A. cxig2i2is the pubescence is much denser and divaricate and the bracts are thick, broadly spatu- late or obovate. In fact A. cxigiiiis differs from the preceding only in the smaller, more crowded heads and the shorter rays ; the former are less than 5 mm. high and the rays are only 5-6 mm. long. The New Mexican form which Gray regarded as A. Jicbcclaihis DC. and for which Dr. Greene has revived the name belongs here, but is evidently not A. licbccladns DC. for this is described as having glabrous stem and linear bracts. A. cxigiius grows on prairies and plains along roads, etc., and westward is much more common than A. nmltiflonis. It ranges from Vermont and Pennsylvania to Washington and south to Texas and Arizona. Machaeranthera rubricaulis sp. nov. Biennial or perhaps perennial. Stem erect or nearly so, simple below, branched above, 4-6 dm. high, terete, striate, usually tinged with red or purple, finely strigose-puberulent, not viscid : leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, sessile, acute, entire or sparingly dentate, scabrous-ciliolate on the margins ; the largest 8 cm. long, and 8 mm. wide : heads corymbose-cymose, numerous : involucre 10-12 mm. high, 12-15 mm. in diameter : bracts numerous, linear- lanceolate with attenuate, almost terete squarrose tips, viscid- puberulent : rays numerous, dark blue, about 12 mm. long and i mm. wide : pappus sordid : achenes flat, sparingly and minutely strigose. The species grows in dry soil at an altitude of 2000-2700 m. Colorado : Mesas, La Veta, 1900, F. K. Vrccland, 681 (type) ; Telluride, 1894, /\ T^evYv/j', jo^ and joj. Eiigeron laetevirens sp. nov. Perennial with a woody tap-root. Stems several, 1.5-2 dm. high, slender, erect or ascending, striate, silky strigose : basal leaves very narrowly linear-oblanceolate, acute, 5-10 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, sparingly strigose ; stem-leaves narrowly linear, 2-6 cm. long, scarcely over i mm. wide : heads solitary : invo- lucre 12-15 "iiTi- i^'i diameter, grayish villous-hirsute : bracts in 2-3 series, subequal, linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate : rays numerous, blue or purple, j-% mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 507 This species is nearest related to E. Moiitanoisis, from which it differs in the narrower, blue or purple rays and longer and less pubescent leaves. It grows at an altitude of 2000—2700 m. Wyoming : Little Goose Creek, 1899, F. Tivecdy, 200 j (type) ; Headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, 1900, jo/o. Carduus Centaureae sp. nov. (?) Cnicns carliuoidcs var. Aincricamis A. Gra}^ Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 48. 1874. Not Cirsiinn acanlc var. Americanns A. Gray. 1863. (?) Cniciis Aincricaiius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19 : 56. Biennial or perennial. Stem rather slender, 6-10 cm. high, striate, often tinged with red, slightly floccose when young : basal leaves about 2 dm. long, thin-petioled, deeply pinnatifid to near the midrib, above light green, sparingly floccose when young, glabrate in age, beneath more or less permanently grayish-to- mentose ; lobes lanceolate or triangular, 2-4 cm. long, more or less toothed and tipped with weak spines, 1—3 mm. long ; lower stem -leaves similar but petiole more winged, dilated at the base and short decurrent ; the upper sessile and clasping with an auricled base ; the uppermost lanceolate and undivided : heads 2—2.5 cm. high and 1.5-2 cm. in diameter: outer bracts narrowly lanceolate, yellowish, often with darker center, fimbriate on the margin and tipped with a flat weak spine 1—2 mm. long : the inner with dilated deltoid scarious fimbriate tips which are merely acuminate : flowers ochroleucous. This species may be the Cniais Amcricainis A. Gray or Carduus Avicricanus Greene, but the name Auicricanus is preoccupied. The species is, however, not nearest related to C. Parryi, where Dr. Gray placed it ; but to C. IcioccpJialus and C. canovirens, from which it differs in the less spinose, more dilated and fimbriate bracts. A seedling of apparently this species was collected by Cowen and it has long oblanceolate 3-4 dm. long, undivided leaves. It grows at an altitude of 2200—2600 m. Colorado : Laramie County, 1895,7^. H. (TiS'Tt'cv/ (type) ; 4-mile Hill, Routt County, 1896, C. F. Baker ; Penn's Gulch, 1865, Lettcrman, jS. Carduus erosus sp. nov. Biennial. Stem stout, about 7 dm. high, angled and striate, often red, loosely floccose when young : lower leaves about 2 dm. long, rather thin, green and slightly floccose above when young : 508 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora grayish-tomentose beneath, deeply pinnatifid to about one fourth from the midrib : lobes about 2 cm. long, lanceolate, few toothed or lobed and tipped with moderately strong spines 4-10 mm. long : heads hemispherical, 2.5-3 cm. high and 2.5-3.5 cm. broad; outer bracts ovate, slightly floccose when young, entire, with a narrow dorsal line, tipped with weak spines 1—2 mm. long, the inner with dilated deltoid erose scarious acuminate tips : flowers ochroleucous. A species closely related to the preceding, differing in the larger heads, longer spines, broader bracts and with erose instead of fimbriate tips. It grows in moist meadows at an altitude of about 2200 m. Colorado: Durango, 1896, Frank Ticccdy, 3 ry [iy^e in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Carduus Americanus (A. Gray). Cirsiuiii aculc var. Americanus A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863 : 68. Cniciis Dr7iinnio)idii acaulcsccus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 40, in part. Dr. Gray's Cirsinni acaulc var. Aniericanuni is amply distinct from C. Dnininiondii not only by the acaulescent habit, but also by the narrower bracts and their long stout spines which are 1-2 cm. long while in C. Druniuiondii they are only a few mm. in length and very weak. It is an alpine species growing at an alti- tude of 2800-3500 m. To this belong the following specimens. Colorado : Silver Plume, 1895, P. A. Rydberg ; Como, South Park, 1895, C. S. Crandall ; South Park, 1884, Lcttcrnian. Carduus acaulescens (A. Gray) Cnicns Dnininiondii var. acanlcsccns A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 40, in part. Gray's variety acaulescens was based on two previously pub- lished things, viz., Cirsinni acaule var. Americanus A. Gray, given above, and Cirsinni Drummondii, " acaulescent form " D. C. Eaton in King's Report. As the first already has a valid name, I here adopt the name acaulescens for the other part on which the variety was founded. C acaulescens resembles closely C. Americanus in habit, but the spines of the outer and middle bracts are shorter and Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 509 weaker, seldom over 5 mm. long, and the inner are acuminate, wholly unarmed. The true C. Dniiinnoiidii, even in its subacaul- escent state, has very broadly ovate outer bracts and the spine is so fine that it is better called a bristle. The inner bracts have 2^ long acuminate very crisp tip. In C. acaulcscois it is scarcely crisped. The following specimens belong to C. acaiilcscciis : Utah : Bear River Valley, 1869, 5. JVatso/i, 6go. Wyoming: Woods Creek, 1897, Avcii Ne/soii, j^Sj. Colorado: Grizzly Creek, 1896, C. F. Baker. Carduus oreophilus sp. no v. Cirsium Dniiiniioiidii, D. C. Eaton, King's Rep. 5 : 195. 1871. Not T. and G. Biennial stem 4-8 dm. high stout, angled and striate, slightly arachnoid-hairy when young, leafy : basal leaves about 2 dm. long, thin, short-petioled, green and glabrate above, more or less grayish-tomentose beneath, pinnately lobed a little more than half way to the midrib ; lobes triangular, usually 2-3 -lobed, with rather slender spines 3— 10 mm. long: heads hemispherical, 2-2.5 cm. high, 2.5 cm. broad: outer and middle bracts narrowly lan- ceolate, slightly arachnoid, tipped with flat spines i-d mm. long, the inner with a long attenuate soft tip : flowers red. This species has been included in C. Dniinmoiidii but is taller with smaller head, narrower bracts, the outer with longer spines, and the tips of the inner scarcely crisp. It grows at an altitude of I 500-3000 m. Colorado : Georgetown, 1895, P. A. Rydberg (type) ; Pagosa Springs, 1899, ^- ^- I^o-kcr, 6^4.. Nevada: Run Valley, 1868, 5". Watsoi, 68g. Carduus griseus sp. nov. Biennial. Stem stout, sparingly floccose when young, angled and striate : basal leaves oblanceolate in outline, thin, glabrate above, grayish-tomentose beneath, deeply pinnately divided ; seg- ments 3-4 cm. long, deeply 2-3 -lobed and toothed, tipped and margined with rather slender spines 3-5 mm. long ; the upper similar but less deeply divided, sessile and half clasping by the dilated rounded shortly decurrent base : heads about 3 cm. high and broad : bracts subequal, without dorsal glandular ridge, the outer narrowly lanceolate, with a long-attenuate tip gradually changing into a flat spine, and somewhat laciniate or spinulose- 510 Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora dentate on the margin ; the inner bracts less rigid, their tips not spinose but long-attenuate, scarious and somewhat crisp : flowers ochroleucous. This species is probably nearest related to C. IciocepJiahis (D. C. Eaton) Heller but differs in the less divided, less spinose leaves and the bracts which are lacking the long yellow spines on the margins. C. leiocepJialiis has red flowers. Carduiis griscus grows at an alti- tude of 3400 m. Colorado: Telluride, 1S94, F. Tzuccdy, j2i (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Carduus pulcherrimus sp. nov. Biennial. Stem about 4 dm. high, very leafy, grayish-tomentose, especially when young, angled : lower leaves i— 1.5 dm. long, ob- lanceolate in outline, short-petioled, pinnately divided, bright green and glabrate above, densely white-tomentose beneath ; segments lanceolate or triangular, lobed and toothed with slender spines 3—5 mm. long ; the upper leaves similar, sessile and half clasping : heads 2.5—3 cm. high, 2. =5—4 cm. broad : outer bracts lanceolate with a narrow glandular ridge, slightly floccose, tipped with yellow spines about 5—7 mm long ; the innermost narrowly lanceolate and with long-attenuate tips : flowers rose-colored. In habit this species resembles most vS". 7uidnlaUis and JS". ocJirocciitnis, but has smaller heads, narrower bracts and narrower glandular ridge. It is perhaps intermediate between those species and C. caiiovirciis, from which latter it is easily distinguished by the dense tomentum on the lower surface of the leaves. It grows in open woods, etc., at an altitude of about 2500 m. Wyoming : Headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, 1900, F. Tioceciy, jo^S (type) ; Medicine Bow, 1898, E/ias Nclsoji, 43 g6. Carduus oblanceolatus sp. nov. Apparently perennial. Stem rather slender, 3—6 dm. high, al- most terete, densely white-tomentose : lower leaves about i dm. long, oblanceolate, thick, short-petioled, merely spinulose-dentate or rarely with a few triangular lobes, loosely floccose above, densely white-tomentose beneath, spines slender, 2—5 mm. long ; upper leaves lanceolate, sessile and half clasping : heads 1—3, cam- panulate, 3-3.5 cm. high, 1.5-2.5 cm. broad: bracts slightly floc- cose at first, with a narrow glandular dorsal ridge, the outer ovate- lanceolate, the middle lanceolate, with a slender divergent spine, Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora 511 3—5 mm, long, the innermost long-attenuate, unarmed : flowers rose-colored. This species is nearest related to C. Flocbnanii, differing in the more simple habit, the smaller, thicker, not pinnatifid leaves and shorter and weaker spines. From C. altissinius it differs in the denser tomentum, the simple habit, the narrower and fewer bracts and their narrower dorsal ridges. Colorado: Twin Lakes, 1896, Fred. Clements, j8j (typej. Agoseris arachnoidea sp. nov. Perennial with a tap-root, more or less floccose throughout. Leaves 1.5—2 dm. long, more or less runcinate-lobed, oblanceolate in outline, long-attenuate at the apex, densely floccose when young, more glabrate in age : scape 1.5—4 dm. high, densely woolly above, less so below: head 2-2.5 ^^'^- high, 1.5—2 cm. broad: bracts in about 3 series, linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate, the inner one-third longer than the outer : flowers at least in age rose-purple : beak of the achenes fully as long as the body. Perhaps nearest related to A. aurantiaea but differing in the larger heads, the dense pubescence and the lighter flowers. It grows in meadow^s at an altitude of 2000—2800 m. Colorado: Gray-Back Mining Camp, 1900, Ryelberg & Vreclaiid, jjjj (type) ; La Veta, 1896, Fred. Cicnients, 16 j. Agoseris pubescens sp. nov. Perennial with a tap-root and short branching caudex. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, about i dm. long, .5-1 cm. wide, acuminate, slightly glaucous but even in age villous-pubescent : scape 1.5—2 dm. high, sparingly villous: involucre about 2 cm. high and 1.5 cm. wide, villous and somewhat viscid : bracts with a dark median line and sometimes tinged with purple, the outer ones ovate-lanceolate, about -/^ the length of the linear-lanceolate long-acuminate inner ones : flowers lemon-yellow, the outer stri- ate or tinged with purple : beaks of the achenes short and striate throughout. This species is nearest related to A. glauca and A. seor::o/ierae- folia but differs in being very pubescent. It grows in moist meadows at an altitude of 2000—2500 m. Wyoming: Big Horn Mountains, Sheridan County, 1899, F. _ Tweedy, 20^3 (type) ; Buffalo Fork, 1897, 57S ; Amethyst Creek, 1899, Aven & hlias Nelson, jj6g (in part). 512 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora Taraxacum Alaskanum sp. nov. A low delicate plant with perennial root: leaves linear-oblan- ceolate in outline, 3-5 cm. long, deeply runcinate-pinnatifid with triangular retrorse lobes: scape 4— 5 cm. high: involucre cam- panuate, 10—12 mm. high, 6—8 mm. broad: bracts fuscous, not corniculate ; the inner linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate ; the outer scarcely half as long, lanceolate, spreading or somewhat reflexed : achenes brownish, spinulose-muricate abov^e, fusiform, 4 mm. long. This in size and habit most resembles T. scopidoj-mn, but is easily distinguished by its triangular acute lobes. It was found "on steep side bank facing the ocean." Alaska: Pt. Barrow, 1898, Mcllhcnny. Crepis glaucella sp. nov. Perennial with a slender tap-root. Stem slender, about 3 dm. high, glabrous and shining : basal leaves glabrous and shining, somewhat glaucous, thin, 5— 10 cm. long; blades oblanceolate, acute at the apex, tapering downward into a more or less winged petiole, remotely sinuate-dentate with divaricate or retrorse short teeth or entire ; stem-leaves 1-2, much reduced, 1-2 cm. long, linear or nearly so : heads 1—4, on slender branches : involucre turbinate, about i cm. high and 6—8 mm. wide, sparingly hirsute ; bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate : achenes brown, lo-striate, gla- brous : pappus white. This species is nearest related to C. glanca but differs in the smaller, narrower, longer-petioled leaves and hirsute involucre. Wyoming: Pacific Creek, 1897, F. Tivcedy, 6oj. HiERACiUM MACRANTHUM Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7 : 446. 1840 Hicraciinii umbcllatiun Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i : 300, in part ; Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden i : 463, mainly. Not L. The plant of the Rocky Mountain region which has been re- ferred to //. unibcUatuni and sometimes to H. Canadciisc is quite distinct from both. The leaves are usually broader than in the first but narrower than in the second and the heads are usually fewer than in either. The best character by which to distinguish it is, however, the pubescence. The leaves are densely puberu- lent and decidedly scabrous-ciliolate on the margins. The upper portion of the stem and the branches of the inflorescence are also scabrous puberulent. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 513 H. niacraiitliniii ranges from Wyoming and Washington north- ward to subarctic America. It apparently also extends eastward to the upper Mississippi River (Nicollet's specimens seem to be- long here) and therefore may be Schweinitz' H. scabcrrimimi, which has been referred to H. lunbcllatuni and H. Caiindciisc. I have not seen Schweinitz' original description and can not venture an opinion. Nuttall's name belongs to the plant without any doubt. Hieracium Columbianum sp. nov. Perennial. Stem about 6 dm. high, terete, more or less tinged with purple, more or less white- or yellowish-hirsute below, gla- brous or puberulent above : lower leaves oblanceolate, 8—10 cm. long, light green and somewhat glaucous beneath, usually more or less silky-hirsute, sinuately dentate, acute ; the middle leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate with rounded or obtuse base, sessile, more glabrate ; the uppermost much reduced and bract-like : in- florescence corymbose-cymose, small and contracted : heads 2—6, 12—15 rnm. high : bracts lanceolate, unequal and more or less im- bricated, dark, puberulent when young, glabrous in age : pappus very light brownish. This species is nearly related to H. Cmiadciisc and H. undnl- latiiui, but differs from both in the long hairs of the lower part of the plant. The leaves are thin as in //. Caiiadcusc but narrower and the heads are fewer. It grows in low ground at an altitude of about 600 m. Idaho: Priest River Valley, 1900, D. T. MacDongal, log (type); canons near Farmington Landing, 1892, Sandbcrg, Mac- Doug al & Heller, jjj. CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 22 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA VII. BY PER AXEL RYDBERG. NEW YORK 1902 [Reprinted from Bulletin Torrky Botanical Club, 29 : 11,5-160. 24 March, 1902]. Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora— VII By Per Axel Rydberg Aquilegia Columbiana Perennial with a short thick rootstock : stem 6-io dm. high, glabrous or sparingly and finely pubescent above ; basal leaves twice ternate ; petioles 1—2 dm. long ; segments rounded, obovate, 2-3 cm. long, more or less glaucous beneath, 2— 3-cleft and deeply crenate at the apex ; lower stem-leaves similar to the basal leaves, but with short winged petioles, the upper similar but often with larger segments : sepals and spurs very bright red ; laminae yel- lowish : sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 15-25 mm. long, exceed- ing the spur, widely spreading or reflexed : lamina very short, scarcely 3 mm, long, truncate; spur 12—18 mm. long, thick, ab- ruptly contracted about the middle : follicles erect, densely pubes- cent ; styles about 1 2 mm. long. This species is somewhat intermediate between A. foruiosa and A. tnincata and has been mistaken for both. It has the habit, the spur and sepals of the former and the short truncate lamina of the latter. Washington: Montesano, 1898, A. A. & E. Gertrude Hcllcr, jpj6 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; upper valley of the Nesqually, 1896, 0. D. Allen, 2^g ; 1889, G. R. Vascy, 150; Humptulips, 1895, F. H. Lamb, iiSo; Puget Sound, Wilkes Exped., 6^6. British Columbia: Banff, 1897, Zoe W. Palmer. Alaska: Short Bay, 1895, Gorman, 10 j ; Disenchantment Bay, iSg2, F. FiDiston, 121. Idaho: Florida Mt., 1892, A. Isabel Mulford/^'^'^ W-ukK Aquilegia thalictrifolia Qakohn Perennial with a short rootstock : basal leaves twice ternate ; petioles 1—2 dm. long ; segments broadly obovate-cuneate, 2—3- cleft and crenate at the apex, i — 1.5 cm. long, bluish-green : stem 2—5 dm. high, glabrous below, finely viscid puberulent above : stem-leaves subsessile or very short-petioled, otherwise similar to the basal ones : flowers yellow: sepals 10—18 mm. long, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute: laminae of the petals 7—12 mm. long, truncate or rarely rounded at the apex ; spur very slender from 145 146 Rydberg : Studies on the the base, 4-5 cm. long : follicles without the styles, about 3 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, strongly reticulate and pubescent, strongly curved above. This species is nearest related to A. cluysantJia with which it has been confused, but differs in the smaller flowers, blunter sepals, smaller and bluer segments of the leaves and the more curved follicles. It grows at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. Colorado: Cafion City, 1873, ^- ^- Greene (type in herb. Columbia University) ; Colorado Springs, 1893, De Alton Saun- ders; Grand Cafion of the Arkansas, 1873, Brandegee ; Bear Creek Canon, 1892, C. S. Sheldon. Texas: West Texas, i^^^, Neallev. Arizona: Mt. Humphrey, 1897, R. E. Kiinze. Aquilegia Eastwoodiae Aquilegia ecalcarata Eastwood, Zoe, 2 : 226. 1891. Not Hortul. ; Steudel. 1841. This has been regarded as a spurless form of A. niicrantha Eastw., but the form of the terminal segments of the leaves is dif- ferent from any American species, being rhombic in outline and acute. Aquilegia oreophila Aquilegia eocnilea alpina A. Nelson,' First Rep. Fl. Wyo. y^. 1896. Not A. alpina L. 1853 ; Aquilegia coerulea vSiX. flavesccns Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 8:2.1 898. Not A.flavescens Wats. 1 87 1 . This is evidently what Jones regards as A. fiavescens Wats., but is not Watson's species, for he describes the spur as being curved. Specimens of both numbers cited by Watson, viz. 75 and j(5, are in the Columbia University herbarium and these as well as the plant cultivated under the name A. jlavescens at Harvard have curved spurs and can not be referred as a variety to A. coerulea. Therefore, I can not see why Mr. Jones' A. depauperata should not pass into synonomy, being the same as the true A. jlavescens. The flowers of A. oreophila resemble most those of A. pubescens Coville, but the habit is different and nearer A. coerulea. Delphinium alpestre A low cespitose perennial : stems several, about i dm. high^ puberulent and viscid above, densely leafy ; leaves digitately di- Rocky Mountain Flora 147 vided into about 5 divisions, finely and sparingly puberulent when young, dark green ; petioles 4—5 cm. long ; divisions of the blades 1.5-2 cm. long, cuneate-obovate in outline, divided half-way into oblong mucronate lobes : inflorescence short and few-flowered ; pedicels ascending, i cm. or less long, viscid ; bractlets minute : sepals dark blue, oblong, obtuse or the upper acute, viscid-puber- ulent ; spur 8—9 mm. long: upper petals blue and yellowish, 2- toothed at the apex ; lateral petals 2-cleft ; lobes lanceolate : follicles not seen. This is not closely related to any of the American species. It has the cespitose habit of D. glaiiccscens, but is a much smaller plant. It grows among rocks at an altitude of 3300 m. or more. Colorado: Mountains northwest of Como, 1895, Crandall & Coivcn, 18 ^S (type in herb. State Agric. Coll., Colo.) ; West Spanish Peak, 1900, Rydberg & Vr eel and, 62 iS. Delphinium multiflorum A tall perennial with a woody caudex ; stem about i mm. high or more, viscid above, glabrate below : leaves palmately divided into 5—7 divisions, glabrous and glaucous, pubescent only on the margins and veins; petioles 1-2 dm. long, slightly dilated at the base ; segments obovate-cuneate in outline, 5-7 cm. long, first cleft about half-way and then again cleft into lanceolate, ovate or oblong acute lobes': inflorescence long and dense, often branched ; bracts linear ; pedicels ascending, i — 1.5 cm. long, densely viscid-pubescent : bractlets small, linear, close under the calyx : sepals light blue with darker median lines or blotches towards the tips, oblong-oval, obtuse or the upper acutish, finely puberulent; spur thick, straight or slightly curved, 12-15 mm. long, almost horizontal : petals of the same color as the sepals ; the lateral ones cleft only at the apex, often wavy-toothed : follicles erect, densely viscid-pubescent. This is nearest related to D. cneulatum A. Nelson on one hand and to D. occidentale on the other. From the former it differs in the pubescence, which in D. cucidatuui is strigose, in D. iniilti- floruin viscid. D. occidentale has much darker flowers and more acute sepals. D. niultifloruui grows along streams and in damp meadows or open woods at an altitude of 2000-2500 m. Wyoming : Spread Creek, 1897, F. Tiveedy, ijg (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Yellowstone Lake, 1888, R. S. Williams; Laramie Mountains, 1899, Charles ScJmcJiiit ; between Upper 148 RvDBERG : Studies on the Buffalo Fork and Du Noir River, 1899, C. C. Curtis ; Snake River, 1899, Aven & Elias Nelson, 6^0 /. Idaho : Henry's Lake, 1897, Rydbcrg & Bcssey, ^oyg. Colorado: North Park, 1896, C. F. Baker. Delphinium Brownii Perennial : stem about i m. high, glabrous and shining through- out, simple : leaves palmately divided into about 5 divisions, puberulent ; lower petioles 8-10 cm. long ; divisions 4-6 cm. long, oblanceolate in outline, once to twice cleft into lanceolate, acute, somewhat spreading lobes : inflorescence a rather lax raceme ; bracts linear ; pedicels slender, 1-2 cm. long, almost erect, curved and twisted ; upper portion sometimes slightly puberulent ; bract- lets linear-subulate, small, 3-4 mm. long : sepals dark blue or purple, oblong-oval, obtuse or the lower and upper acutish, 10—12 mm. long : lateral petals also blue or purplish ; blade cleft only about one third its length ; upper petals of the same color or paler, obliquely cuneate, acute ; spur short and rather thick, i cm. or less long, straight and ascending : follicles erect, glabrous. This is nearest related to D. glauaoN, but differs in the puberu- lent leaves with narrower segments, the lax raceme with more erect pedicels and the darker flowers. Alberta : Banff, 1893, Addison Broivn (type in herb. Colum- bia University). Alaska: Porcupine River, 1891, /. H. Turner. Delphinium elongatum Tall perennial with a short woody caudex : stem glabrous and glaucous up to the inflorescence, which is slightly strigose : leaves digitately divided into about 7 divisions, glabrous and glaucous beneath; petioles fully i dm. long; divisions of the blade oblance- olate in outline, 5-7 cm. long, cleft into lanceolate, acute lobes : inflorescence strict and elongated ; bracts small, linear, almost fili- form ; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, at first ascending, in fruit almost erect ; bractlets minute, subulate : sepals and petals dark blue, the former oval, obtuse or acutish, about i cm. long ; spur short, straight, about 12 mm. long : lateral petals cleft at the apex, more or less toothed: follicles erect, 12-15 mm. long, strigose-puberulent. In some respects nearest to D. glanaivi, but differing in the puberulent pod, strigose pubescence at least on the pedicels, and the narrower divisions and lobes of the leaves. It grows at an alti- tude of about 2000 m. Rocky Mountain Flora 149 Colorado: Larimer county, 1895, Crandall & Coiven, ij (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; Villa Grove, 1 896, F. Clements, jjS ; Middle Park, 1861, C. C. Pany,Sj ; Baxton's Ranch, 1890, Craudall, 1^47- Montana: Lima, \?>g^, Rvdbcrg. Delphinium diversicolor Perennial with a thick fleshy root, the branches of which are often fusiform : stem about 4 dm. high, simple, strict, densely vis- cid-pubescent above : leaves finely pubescent, palmately dissected into linear lobes ; petioles of the lower leaves 3-5 cm. long, slightly dilated below ; segments 1-3 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide : inflor- escence a narrow raceme ; pedicels .5-1 cm. long, or in fruit 1.5 cm., densely viscid, almost erect : sepals dark blue, oblong-oval, obtuse, 10-13 mm. long, slightly pubescent ; spur almost straight, horizontal : petals all white with blue veins and yellowish below ; the upper about 5 mm. long, obliquely spatulate, obtuse ; the lat- eral ones slightly longer, curved ; the blades deeply 2-cleft ; each lobe of the form of one third of a circle : follicles densely hairy. This species is perhaps nearest related to D. simplex and D, Burkei. From the former, it differs in white lateral petals and the pubescent leaves, and the latter is described as subscapose. The type was collected in a bog, at an altitude of 2000 m. Montana : Rattlesnake Creek, Beaver Head county, 1887, Frank Tweedy, j^ (type ii"i herb. Columbia University). Aconitum tenue Perennial with small tubers about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. thick : stem very slender, about 3 dm. high : leaves few ; the lower with petioles 5-8 cm. long, the uppermost subsessile : blades glabrous, thin, shining, almost pentagonal in outline, 5— /-divided to near the base ; divisions rhombic in outline, 3-cleft and the lobes often again cleft, the ultimate divisions oblong-linear to linear-lan- ceolate, acute : inflorescence racemose, 2— 6-flowered : pedicels erect and bent near the glabrous blue calyx : hood 15—18 mm. long, boat-shaped, slightly saccate, almost semicircular in outline ; lateral sepals rounded ovate, only slightly oblique, 10-12 mm. long; lower sepals oblong, obtuse at the apex, 8—10 mm. long : fruit unknown. The type was collected in a damp cafion among rocks at an altitude of about 2000 m. It is perhaps nearest related to the Alaskan A. delphinifoliuin. 150 Rydberg : Studies on the South Dakota : Sylvan Lake, Black Hills, 1892, P. A. Ryd- berg, 50J (type in herb. Columbia University). Aconitum atrocyaneum Perennial with thickened-fusiform roots : stem stout, 4-6 dm. high, leafy, glabrous below, densely glandular viscid and purplish above: lower leaves with petioles 5-10 cm. long; blades about 6 cm. wide, glabrous, pentagonal in outline, 5-7-divided to near the base ; divisions rhombic-cuneate to oblanceolate, usually twice cleft ; ultimate segments lanceolate acute ; upper stem-leaves sim- ilar but with short petioles or those of the inflorescence lanceolate, toothed and often with recurved basal lobes : inflorescence race- mose, many-flowered, leafy : pedicels 1-3 cm. long, erect, very viscid : flowers dark indigo blue, more or less pubescent : hood deeply saccate, helmet-shaped, about 18 mm. long, with the front line more or less concave : beak somewhat porrect, acuminate, the lower margins nearlyhorizontal : lateral sepals broadly rounded- ovate, somewhat obHque, 12-15 mm. long : lower sepals 9-12 mm. long, oblong, obtuse. This species is perhaps closest related to A. raniosinn A. Nel- son, but the divisions of the leaves are broader and the hoods are different, having a porrect beak, while in A. rauiosuui the beak is short and directed downward. The flowers are also darker and the inflorescence more viscid. It grows at an attitude of 2,500 -3,400 m. Colorado: Boreas, 1897, C. S. Crandall {K.y^Q. in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden ; cotypes in herb. State Agric. College, Colo.) ; mountains about Steamboat Springs, 1891, C. S. Crandall ; near Ironton, 1899, C. C. Curtis ; Cameron Pass, 1896, C. F. Baker. Utah : Uinta Mountains, 1873, T. C. Porter. Aconitum porrectum Perennial with thick fusiform roots : stem stout, 6-7 dm. high, leafy, glabrous below, densely viscid-pubescent above ; basal leaves glabrous, with petioles about i dm. long ; blades reniform-pen- tagonal in outline, 6-10 cm. wide, 5-7 divided to near the base ; divisions rhombic or rhombic-oblanceolate, variously cleft above, cuneate at the base : inflorescence racemose or somewhat panicu- late, not leafy ; pedicels ascending, 1-3 cm. long : sepals dark blue, ciliate on the margins ; hood very saccate, helmet-shaped ; beak acuminate, porrect, horizontal or even slightly ascending, 15-18 mm. long ; lateral sepals broadly obovate or semi-reniform, Rocky Mountain Flora 151 about 12-14 nim. long, very oblique; lower sepals lanceolate or oblong, acute, 7—10 mm. long. This is closely related to the preceding, but differs in the broader and less deeply divided divisions of the leaves, the shorter lower sepals, the more open and less leafy inflorescence, and the more oblique lateral sepals. It grows at an altitude of 2400— 2800 m. Colorado: Coffee Pot Spring, 1894, Cra/ida// (type in hevb. N. Y. Bot. Garden ; cotypes in herb. State Agric. College, Colo.) ; Graymount, 1892, Crandall ; foothills, Larimer county, 1895, Crandall & Cowoi ; Arapahoe Pass, 1891, Craiidall, 26 ; Lake City, 188 1,/. 5. Nrcvbcrry ; North Park, near Teller, 1884, C. S. Sheldon. Aconitum glaberrimum Perennial with a tap root : stem almost i m. high, perfectly glabrous : leaves 5-divided, thin, perfectly glabrous, the lower long- petioled ; the uppermost subsessile ; divisions oblanceolate to rhombic-oblanceolate in outline, 5—10 cm. long, cuneate and entire at the base, irregularly doubly cleft above ; lobes or teeth lanceo- late, acute or acuminate : inflorescence compound ; branches and pedicels spreading or divergent, glabrous : flowers blue : lower sepals lanceolate, 12—15 irim- long; lateral ones very oblique, as broad as long, about i 5 mm. each way, rounded, slightly reniform on the upper side ; hood about 2 cm. long, deeply saccate, elong- ated helmet-shaped ; beak long-attenuate, very porrect or even ascending. The type specimen was included in A. Colinnbiainiin by Dr. Gray, his " Syn. Fl. N. Amer." label being on the sheet ; but it is so unlike all other material of that species that I can not see the reason why it should be included therein. The perfectly glabrous stem, the branched inflorescence, the peculiar, deeply saccate hood and the slender porrect beak are characters not found in any other American aconite. Southern Utah, Northern Arizona: 1877, Dr. E. Pah)ici\ II ( type in herb. Columbia University). Anemone tuberosa Aneuionc spJicnopJiylla Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. 6 : 224, in part. Not Poepp. 1827-29. Perennial with a thick tuberous root, basal leaves with petioles 152 Rydberg : Studies on the about 5 cm. long, twice ternate ; divisions rhombic-cuneate in out- line, ternately cleft and toothed ; teeth oblong-ovate: scape 1-3 dm. high, perfectly glabrous below the involucre ; peduncles finely appressed silky ; involucral leaves similar to the basal ones, but short-petioled and with longer lobes and teeth ; peduncle solitary or a second one with a smaller involucre : sepals white or purplish, 8-10, oblong-linear, 1—2 cm. long, finely silky : head of fruit ellipsoid, about i cm. thick and 2 cm. long : achenes densely woolly: style filiform, about 1.5 mm. long. This is closely related to A. splicnopliylla of Chili, but in that species the whole scape is decidedly pubescent with spreading hairs and the segments of the involucral leaves are narrower. The following species belong here : Arizona: Sierra Tuscon, 1884, C. G. Pringlc {\.y\)Q in herb. Columbia University) ; Fort Huachuca, 1892, S. E. IViicox. New Mexico: Mountain near Las Cruces, 1895, E. O. Wooton. Utah : St. George, 1880, M. F^. Jones, i6oy. California: Panamint Mountains, 1891, Covilk & Fuuston, 500 ; 1849 (locality not given), FreDuvit. Anemone lithophila Perennial with a short thick rootstock : basal leaves several, glabrous or nearly so, thickish, shining, somewhat glaucous ; petioles 5—8 cm. long ; blades ternate ; divisions obovate-cuneate, about 3 cm. long, strongly veined, deeply 3-cleft, again cleft and toothed ; the ultimate segments short, oblong-oblanceolate : scape 1-2 dm. high, sparingly pubescent with long silky hairs : in- volucral leaves subsessile or short-petioled ; divisions similar to those of the basal leaves : sepals silky, ochroleucous, tinged with blue, 12-15 nim. long, broadly obovate or oval : achenes densely villous all over : style filiform, about 2 mm. long. The type was growing with A. parviflora at an altitude of 1800 m. As none of the specimens there had well-developed fruit and the plant is intermediate between A. parviflora and A. globosa Nutt., which also grew in the neighborhood, this species may be a hybrid. The strong veins and shiny glaucous leaves suggest the former but the general leaf-form the latter, although the segments are broader and shorter and the leaves more glabrate. Watson's specimen, which resembles the type perfectly has fully developed fruit, however. The type was labelled A. Tetonensis, Rocky Mountain Flora 153 which it resembles most in habit ; but the achenes are wooly all over, not merely strigose on the back as in that species and the flowers are larger and lighter. The following specimens are to be referred here : Montana : Little Belt Mountains, nine miles from Barker, 1896, /. H. Flodnian, ^^g (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden),^ and 4.6 j; ; Lake Stanton, 1894, R. S. Williams. Utah: Uinta Mts., 1869, .S. Watson, 10. Anemone Piperi Britton Perennial with a rather slender rootstock : stem 1.5—3 ^"^• high, slender, very sparingly appressed silky ; basal leaves ternate, minutely appressed-puberulent when young, in age glabrous ; peti- oles 1—2 dm. long ; middle lobe rhombic-obovate or rhombic-cune- ate, coarsely toothed above the middle, 2—7 cm. long ; the lateral ones broader, obliquely ov^ate, 2-cleft to about the middle, coarsely toothed : involucral leaves similar, but the lobes usually narrower : petioles 1—3 mm. long : pedicel 2-5 cm. long, erect in fruit, spar- ingly appressed silky : sepals elliptic-obovate to oval, about 1 5 mm. long, 6—^ mm. wide, white, glabrous : achenes about 4 mm. long, densely short-pubescent, ellipsoid, slightly compressed, taper- ing to both ends : beak very short. This has been included in A. quiiiquefolia and all specimens cited for that species from the Northwest may belong here. It differs, however, from that species in the form of the basal leaves, the erect pedicels and the short, almost straight beaks of the achenes. Idaho : Latah county, 1893, C. V. Piper, i4-6<) (type in herb. Columbia University); Craig Mountain, 1892, Sandbcrg, Mac- Dongal & Heller, ig^. Washington: Kamiac Butte, 1896, A. D. E. Elmer, ^gj. Clematis Jonesii (Kuntze) Clematis Douglasii var. Jonesii Kuntze, Verh. Bot. Ver. Bran- denburg, 26: 180. 1886. Perennial with a thick rootstock or caudex : stems 3—6 dm. high, simple or later in the season branched, more or less woolly when young: leaves twice pinnately divided, 1-1.5 dm. long, vil- lous when young, in age glabrate, rather firm, segments lanceolate to linear-lanceo'ate, often cleft, 1-5 cm. long, acutish : flowers nod- 154 RvDBERG : Studies on the ding : calyx campanulate, brown, more or less villous, especially near the margins; sepals 2—2.5 cm. long, ovate, acute or acumi- nate, upper half with a wavy dilated margin : achenes about 5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, flattish, densely silky; tails of the achenes 4—5 cm. long, beautifully plumose throughout. This is nearest related to C. Doiiglasii, with which it has been confused. It differs from that species in the dilated margins of the sepals, the distinctly petioled and less compound leaves. In the true C. Douglasii the upper and middle leaves are twice pin- nately divided and subsessile, so that they with the first pair of primary divisions look as if verticillate. Kuntze's description of C. Douglasii var. Joncsii is so meager that nobody could know from it what he meant, but fortunately we have one of Jones' specimens. The following specimens belong to C. Joiicsu. Colorado: Howe's Gulch, 1899, W. F. M.; Dolores (7300 ft.), 1892, Crandall ; lat. 39^-4 1°, 1862, Hall & Harbour, 2; Howe's Gulch, 1893, C. F. Baker ; near Boulder, 1892, H. M. Patterson, 16S ; Dixon Canon, 1891,/. H. Cozcen, j68. Utah : Uinta Mountains, 1869, 5. JJatsou, i ; American Fork, 1880, J/. E. Jones, ijji. Wyoming : Headwater of Tongue River, Big Horn Mountains, 1898, Frank Tzvcedy, lyi. Clematis eriophora Perennial, from a woody caudex : stems and leaves prominently white-villous, the former 3-5 dm. high, simple: leaves 5-10 cm. long, distinctly petioled, twice pinnately divided ; ultimate segments narrowly linear, 1-3 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide: flowers nodding ; calyx villous, campanulate, about 3 cm. long ; sepals oblong, obtuse, the upper third spreading, with a dilated margin : achenes oblong, about 6 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, silky, with a blunt ridge on each side ; tails about 4 cm., beautifully plumose. This is closely related to the preceding and to C. Bakeri, but differs from the former in the narrower leaf-segments, the obtuse and thicker sepals and the denser and more persistent pubescence, and from the latter in the longer leaf segments and the obtuse dilated sepals. It grows at an altitude of i 500-2000 m. Colorado: Vicinity of Horsetooth, 1896,/. H. Coiven (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden ; cotypes in herb. State Agric. College, Colo.); Foothills, Larimer county, 1893, C. S. Crandall ; Colorado, Rocky Mountain Flora 155 1870, Dr. G. Jr. Hiilsc ; 1844, Fremont, 36 j ; Pagosa, 1883, Brandegee ; Golden City, 1871, £^. L. Greene ; Clear Creek, 1873, John Wolf, g2 ; Colorado Springs, igoo, Ryd berg & Jyeeland, 62J2 ; Rist Canon, 1890, Crandall, 2^2 ; 1893, ijyg ; Horse- tooth Gulch, 1898, Crandall. Clematis Wvethii Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7 : 6 1834 I think that this species is distinct from C. Donglasii Hook., the leaves being never twice pinnately divided, having much broader segments and never being falsely verticillate as in that species. The specimens from Beaver Canon, Idaho, cited in the synoptical flora under C. Donglasii var. Scottii and in Howell's flora of the North- west under C. Scottii belongs undoubtedly here. A broad-leaved C. Wycthii and a narrow-leaved C. Scottii resemble each other very much and can be distinguished only by the flower, which in the former is campanulate with oblong-lanceolate sepals and in the latter rounded urn-shaped with broadly ovate sepals. C. Wycthii is common in Montana and northern Idaho. It is represented by the specimens cited under C. Scottii and some under C. Donglasii in my catalogue of the flora of Montana. Atr.\gene occidentalis Homem. Hort. Hafn. 1813 : 520 Atragene (r(5'///;///;/c?//^? Nutt. Journ. Acad. 7 : 7. 1834; Clematis ColnmbianaToxx. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i : 10. 1838 ; Clematis ver- ticillaris var. Columbiana Gray. Syn. Fl. I : 8. 1895 ; Clematis Pscndoatragene a. normalis Kuntze, \'erh. Bot. \^cr. Brandenburg, 26 : 160, in part, 1884 ; C alpina a occidentalis 3 typica Kuntze, I.e. 161. Dr. Gray adopted the name occidentalis as a varietal name for another species, and cites Homeman's plant as a synonym. It is very evident that the latter is the common plant of the Columbia Valley with simply ternate leaves and subentire leaflets, for Home- man expressedly describes them as entire. Dr. Kuntze was so far right that he placed Atragene occidentalis Homeman with A. verticillaris, although he made both forms of Clematis alpina. His revision of Clematis is far from good especially as to the West American species. The only distmction he makes between C pscndoatragene and C alpina is the absence or presence of stami- 156 Rydberg : Studies on the nodia, a very unfortunate distinction, for in most of the West American forms both conditions exist. The filaments of the outer stamens are flattened and more or less petaloid. In some cases the outermost have no anthers (true staminodia), but often all are antheriferous. The present species is therefore placed in both species by Kuntze. Atrageiie occidentalis differs, however, from the eastern A. Americana in the fact that the staminodia as far as I know always are linear, while they are in A. Americana decidedly spatulate. A. occidentalis is common from British Columbia and the Canadian Rockies south to California and Colorado. Atragene grosseserrata Trailing or climbing over bushes : leaves ternate ; petioles 5-8 cm. long; petiolules 1-2 cm. long; blades broadly ovate, oblique, somewhat cordate at the base, 3—4 cm. long, coarsely toothed and often somewhat lobed : peduncles 5-10 cm. long : sepals lanceolate, about 4 cm. long, 10—13 mm. wide, acute : stami- nodia about 18 mm. long, decidedly spatulate, a little exceeding the stamens : achenes small, sparingly hirsute : tails about 3 cm. long, plumose throughout. This is closest related to the eastern A. Americana; but the leaves are deeper serrate and the sepals are longer, lanceolate, and resem- ble more those of A. temdloba. From A. occidentalis it differs in the spatulate staminodia, the shorter leaflets, which are coarsely serrate except the very base. In A. occidentalis the leaflets are en- tire or merely crenate above the middle. Idaho : Palouse county and about Lake Coeur d'Alene, 1892, G. B. Alton (type in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden, flower). Washington : Cascade Mountains, 1882, F. Tzueedy (fruit). Atragene repens (Kuntze) Clematis alpina o. occidentalis 2 repens Kuntze, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenberg, 27, 161, in part. 1884. Plant trailing : leaves biternate, glabrous, firmer than in the two preceding : petioles 5-8 cm. long : secondary leaflets sub- sessile except the terminal, which is short-stalked, broadly ovate, coarsely toothed with broadly ov^ate teeth, 3-4 cm. long, abruptly short acuminate at the apex : peduncles over i dm. long : sepals ovate-lanceolate, about 4 cm. long, acute : staminodia linear : achenes about 5 mm. long, pubescent : tails about 4 cm. long, plumose throughout. Rocky Mountain Flora 157 Dr. Kuntzc's description of the subvariety repcns is just as meaningless as the rest of his descriptions. He cites specimens, however, \\z., Jones no. 1SS2 and iSSj. We have two sheets of each and they evidently do not belong together. No. 1882 in both the Columbia University and New York Botanical Garden herbaria are in fruit, have simply ternate leaves with subentire leaflets and must be referred to A. occidoitalis. No. 1887 in flowers, on the contrary, has biternate leaves, and the leaflets are coarsely toothed. Dr. Kuntze's subvariety is, therefore, " eine zusammengesetzte " and according to some Germans, should be ruled out. After the part that belongs to A. occidoitalis has been removed, I have adopted the name for the residue. Utah: American Fork, 1880, M. E. Jones, iSSj (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Wyoming: Wolf Creek Cafion, 1896, Avoi Nelson, 22g^, in part, the larger part belonging to A. tenuiloba. Atragene pseudoalpina (Kuntze) Atrageiie OcJiotensis Gray, PI. Fendl. 4. 1849. Not Pall. 1874; A. alpina var. OcJiotensis A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 33 : 241 ; Clematis alpina var. OcJiotensis S. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 5 : 4 ; C. alpina var. occidentalis A. Gray; Powell, Geol. Surv. Dakota, 531. 1880. ^ot Atragene occidoitalis Wova&ve\. 181 3; Clematis psendoatragcne y psendoalpina Kuntze, Verh. Bot. Vcr. Branden- burg, 26 : 160. 1884. As stated above, the name occidentalis should be used for A. Columbiana Nutt. We are therefore obliged to adopt Kuntze's varietal name. In the Synoptical Flora Clematis psendoatragcne Kuntze is given as a synonym, but from the short description neither of the varieties a, /9 or o can belong here. The var. « normalis is evidently partly A. Americana and partly A. occiden- talis as here understood. The var. n siibtriternata is A. tenuiloba (A. Gray) Britton. What Clematis pseudoatragene var. (i Wender- otJiioides^ is I do not know. In the Synoptical Flora the range is given as extending from New Mexico to Dakota and Wash- ington. I have not seen any specimens from any station north of * What a name ! Translated it would mean : A variety of the false Atragene Virgin's Bower, resembling Mr. Wenderolh. 158 Rydberg : Studies on the Colorado and Utah. All specimens referred here from higher lati- tudes belong to A. tcnniloba. Ranunculus Utahensis Perennial with a cluster of fibrous fleshy roots, glabrous : stems 1-2 dm. high, branched above ; basal leaves petioled ; petioles 2- 5 cm. long ; blades almost orbicular, rather thick, crenate or round- lobed : stem-leaves sessile, deeply cleft or divided into 4-5 oblong or elliptic, obtuse segments : sepals somewhat hairy, elliptic to obovate, at last reflexed : petals 4-5 mm. long, exceeding the sepals : head of fruit oblong ; achenes glabrous ; style rather short. This species resembles most a depauperate R. aborthnis in the leaves, but the petals are much larger and the head of fruit is ob- long instead of spherical. It has gone under the name of R. affinis var. Iciocarpus, but it is not that of Trautvetter, and is distinguished from all of those species which have been included in R. affinis by its thicker leaves and their lobing. Ut.\h : Alta, Wasatch Mts., 1879, M. E. Jones, iijo (type in herb. Columbia University); Uinta Mts., 1873, T. C. Porter. Ranunculus micropetalus (Greene) Raniineiiliis affinis var. niieropetahis Greene, Pittonia, 2 : 1 10. 1890. An excellent species, very distinct from R. affinis Hook., and still more from R. eardiopliylliis Hook., with which Davis associated it. Ranunculus Helleri Perennial with a short rootstock, perfectly glabrous : stem slender, 1-2 dm. high : basal leaves and lower cauline with slen- der petioles 2-5 cm. long ; blades of the earlier basal leaves reni- form, 3 -cleft 2^ or V^ the distance to the base ; middle division oblong, entire, the lateral ones with 3 ovate lobes ; blades of the other basal leaves and the lower cauline divided to near the base into 3 cuneate divisions, 15-20 mm. long; the middle division 3- lobed, the lateral ones 4-lobed ; stipules of lower cauline leaves conspicuous, rounded : upper cauline leaves sessile, divided unto the base into 2-4 linear-oblong divisions : flowers solitary : sepals oblong, obtuse, about 5 mm. long : petals oblong to obovate, golden yellow, 6-7 mm. long : head of fruit short-oblong or spherical: achenes turgid, almost spherical, 1.5 mm. long, gla- brous : style slender and curved. This species is nearest related to R. Eschschotzii and R. alpeo- RocKv Mountain Flora 159 philns. 'In the former, which is very rare in the Rockies, the upper stem-leaves have broad and short lobes, which are elliptical to obovate ; and in the latter the basal leaves are not reniform but almost orbicular in outline. R. //r/AvV grows in bogs at high altitudes. Idaho : Near Lake Pend d'Oreille, 1892, Sandbd-g, MacDoiigal & Heller, S42 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Wyoming : Big Horn Mountain, 1899, F. Txvcedy, 2j8^. Montana: Sperry Glacier, 1901, F. K. \yceland, mo. Ranunculus stenolobus Perennial with a cluster of fibrous roots, perfectly glabrous : stems 1-3 from the same clump, 1-2 dm. high, usually branched : basal leaves and lower cauline petioled ; petioles 4—10 cm. long ; blades three times ternately dissected into almost linear segments, which are 6—15 mm. long and 1—3 mm. wide, usually somewhat narrowed at the base ; the primary divisions distinctly petiolulate : sepals oval, 4-5 mm. long : petals obovate, 7-8 (rarely 9-1 1) mm. long : head of achene spherical or slightly oblong, about 6 mm. broad : achenes turgid, glabrous : style slender. This species is somewhat intermediate between R. adoncus and R. tritcDiatiis, but the stem is more elongated and branched. Some of the specimens cited below have been referred to the former, but in that plant the stem is usually simple, the petals over I cm. long, cuneate-flabelliform and overlapping each other, the lobes of the leaves narrower and not narrowed downward. In the leaf-form and flowers it resembles more R. tritcrnatus, but that grows in big clumps with numerous stems, and the segments are more decidedly petiolulate. Wyoming : Headwaters of Cliff Creek, 1900, C. C. Curtis (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Utah : Alta, Wahsatch Mts., 1879, M. E. Jones, 110^; Wahsatch Mt., 1869, S. Watson, ^o. Papaver pygmaeum A cespitose and scapose perennial ; leaves all basal, numerous 2—3 cm. long ; blade less than i cm. long, broadly ovate in out- line, deeply cleft into rounded-oblong or obovate segments, spar- ingly hispid or glabrous : scape 4—6 cm. high, sparingly hirsute ; so also the calyx, which is obovate in bud : petals yellow, i cm. or less long : pod obovoid, about i cm. long, densely bristly. This species is nearly related to P. radicatnsn Rottb., but is a still smaller plant, with shorter, broader, less divided, less bristly 160 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora leaf-blades and smaller flowers. It resembles still more the Euro- pean P. PyrenaicuDi, which has larger petals, 1-2 cm. long, sta- mens much exceeding the ovary and spherical flower-buds. Montana : Mountain above Stanton Lake, 1894, R. S. Williams, gc}2 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Alberta: Sheep Mountain, i?)g'^, John Macoioi, i026g ; top of Rocky Mountains, 1881, G. M. Dim'scvi. Argemone rotundata Stem stout, densely and strongly bristly, but otherwise gla- brous : leaves oval in outline ; the cauline ones sessile and broadly auricled, bristly, especially on the veins and margins, round-lobed : flowers short-pedicelled or subsessile : calyx very bristly ; its horns erect or slightly spreading, bristly : petals white, fully 4 cm. long : pod ovoid, very bristly. This has been mistaken for A. hispida Gray but is perhaps nearer related to A. intermedia and A. platyccras. From A. hispida it is easily distinguished by the absence of a finer indumentum and by the round-lobed leaves. The latter character also distinguishes it from the other two species mentioned. It is also much more bristly than the two. It grows at an altitude of i 500-1800 m. Nevada : Diamond Mountains, July, 1868, .S". Watson, ^7 (type in herb. Columbia University). Utah : Utah Valley, 1869, S. JJatson, ^g. Bicuculla occidentalis Perennial with a very short rootstock bearing numerous tubers : scape and leaves perfectly glabrous; petioles of about 1.5 dm. long ; blades twice ternate ; the divisions twice pinnately divided or cleft into linear-oblong lobes, 1-2 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide : scape about 3 dm. high : raceme simple : sepals oval, about 5 mm. long : petals pink ; the outer about i cm. long ; their spurs about 12 mm., divergent, forming with each other an angle of 90° or more ; crest of the inner petals prominent ; capsule fusiform, with the style about 1.5 cm. long. This is nearest related to B. cncnllaria, and has been confused with it, but has coarser foliage, more diverging and longer spurs, more prominent crest on the inner petals and the underground parts more gruinose and not scaly. Its range includes parts of Oregon, Washington and eastern Idaho, and it grows on shaded hillsides. Washington: West Klickitat county," 1892, W. N. Snksdorf (type in herb. Columbia University). CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 23 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA VIIL BY PER AXEL RYDBERG. NEW YORK 1902 [Reprinted from Bulletin Toreey Botanical Club, 29 : 232-21,6, April 24, 1902.] Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora— VIII By Per Axel Rydberg. Stanleya arcuata sp. nov. Perennial with a ligneous caudex, 4—10 dm. high, perfectly glabrous ; stem light green and shining, in age straw-colored : leaves entire or the lower with short and broad lobes, lanceolate, long- petioled, thick, 5—12 cm. long ; pedicels rather short, in fruit, about I cm. long : sepals yellow, linear about i 5 mm. long ; petals yel- low ; blades y—S mm. long, broadly elliptic, almost as long as or at least two thirds as long as the claw : pods 7-10 cm. long, strongly arcuate, and spreading. This species is nearest related to ^^ iiitegrifolia, but is taller, more shrubby, with narrower leaves and broader petals. 6". piii- nata (Pursh) Britton, with which both have been confused, has hairy leaves, most of which are deeply pinnatifid, and the blades of its petals are linear oblong and only one third or one half as long as the claws. 6". arcuata grows in dry regions from Wyoming to Nevada and south to Colorado and Arizona ; probably also in California. Nevada : Unionville V^alley, 1868, S. Watson, 10 j (type in herb. Columbia University). Stanleya canescens sp. nov. Stout perennial .5—1 m. high ; stem light green, finely puberu- lent or glabrate, terete : leaves grayish puberulent, the upper entire and oblanceolate, 5-7 cm. long ; the lower pinnatifid with oblong lateral lobes and a large oval or elliptic end-lobe : raceme dense, pedicels short, in fruit i cm. or less long, divergent : sepals linear, about I 2 mm. long ; blades of the yellow petals linear-oblong, about half as long as the claw : pods arcuate, spreading, 5—7 cm. long. This is nearest related to the preceding, differing in the puberu- lent leaves, which are shorter and broader and more inclined to be pinnatifid. Utah : Frisco, 1880, M. E. Jones, iSog (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Arizona: Fort Verde, 1887, E. A. Meariis ; Verde River, 1883, H. H. Riisby ; Mexican Boundary Survey. 232 233 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora Thelypodium macropetalum sp. nov. A glabrous perennial, 4—6 dm. high : basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, short-petioled, 2-5 cm. long : lower stem-leaves ob- long, obtuse, sessile, with rounded auricles at the base, 5-6 cm. long ; upper leaves lanceolate-sagittate, acute ; pedicels in fruit about I cm. long, divaricate : sepals about 5 mm, long, purplish with white margins ; petals purple, spatulate, long-clawed, nearly three times as long as the sepals : pods 4—5 cm. long, ascending or erect and somewhat incurved. This is related to T. sagittatiun (Nutt.) Heller and T. paniciila- tuin A. Nelson. From the former, it differs in the smaller leaves, the rounder auricles, the erect, not reflexed nor spreading pod ; and from the latter by the much longer petals. It grows at an altitude of 1,000-1,200 m. Utah: Farmington, 1881, Jll. E. Jones, 18^1 (type in herb. K. Y. Bot. Garden). Idaho: Soda Springs, 1892, Isabel Mnlford. Thelypodium Utahense sp. nov. Annual or biennial : stem 4-6 dm. high, sparingly pubescent below; leaves all lanceolate in outline, 5—10 cm. long, lanceolate, glabrous ; segments broad and crowded, oblong-lanceolate to tri- angular : pedicels very short, in fruit scarcely more than i mm. long : sepals oblong, about 2 mm. long : petals spatulate, almost twice as long, white : pod about 3 cm. long, strongly reflexed. This is probably nearest related to 5. rcjfcxuvi Nutt., which is decidedly hispid on the stem and the veins of the leaves and has much narrower leaf-segments. It grows at an altitude of about 600 m. Utah: St. George, 1S80, J/. E. Jones {ty^e. in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); 1877, E. Palmer, 28. Lepidium Jonesii sp. nov. Lepidiiini nio)itanuui\d.x. alyssoules Jones, Zoe, 4: 266. 1S93. Not L. alyssoieies A. Gray. 1849. Perennial with a short woody caudex : stems 2-3 dm. high, glabrous, branched, glabrous : basal leaves pinnatifid with linear acute divisions ; stem-leaves similar or the upper entire, narrowly linear : racemes rather short and dense ; pedicels in fruit 6—8 mm. long, spreading: sepals oblanceolate, obtuse; petals white, much RvDBERG : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora 234 exceeding the sepals ; blade broadly obovate : pod acutish, oval in outline, about 4 mm. long and slightly over 2 mm. wide, glabrous, reticulate, only slightly wing-margined above, retuse ; st}-le about twice as long as the width of the wing margins. This species is in some respects intermediate between L. alys- soides and L. ijiontaiuim. In the former only the lowest leaves are pinnatifid, the pod is more rounded and the style is shorter, scarcely longer than the width of the wing-margin. It is closer related to L. uio)ita)iuin, differing mainly in the longer and narrower leaf- segments, having a more persistent base and being less pubescent. Utah: St. George, 1880, M. E. Jones, 16 j6 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); Price, 1900, 5. G. Stokes ; southern Utah, 1874, C. C. Parry, iS. Nevada: Trinity Mountains, 1868, 5". Watson, 120. Lepidium elongatum sp. nov. Annual : stem branched near the base, about 3 dm. high, glandular pruinose above : basal leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, about 4 cm. long, coarsely toothed or somewhat pinnatifid with short lobes ; stem leaves oblanceolate, tapering into a short petiole, entire or with a few small teeth, 3-4 cm. long, acutish : racemes elongated, at the ends of the branches, in fruit i dm. or more long : sepals oblong or oblanceolate, acute, thin and whitish ; petals minute, linear-oblanceolate, one half to two thirds as long as the sepals or lacking : pods nearly orbicular, about 3 mm. broad, usually broadest a little above the middle, wing-margined and deeply retuse at the apex, glabrous or slightl}' pruinose : stigma sessile. This species is nearest related to L. apctaluni and L. ramosis- swium. From the former it differs in the branching near the base, the more entire leaves, the somewhat larger pod and the petals which are generally present ; and from the latter in the longer racemes, in the lack of the small axillary racemes characteristic to that species and a different pod. In L. rauiosissitnnin this is broadest below the middle. L. elongatJini grows on rocky hilltops. Washington: Almata, 1896, A. D. E. Elmer, 21 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Idaho: About Lewiston, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, 3008. 235 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora Thlaspi Nuttallii TJilaspi coclilcarifonne Xutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7 : 13. 1834. Not DC. 1 82 1. This species has been merged in T. alpcstrc, but none of our American forms belong to that species. T. Nuttallii is inter- mediate between T. parviflorum A. Nelson and T. glauciiui A. Nelson, having larger flowers than the former and smaller than the latter. The pod is obovate, rounded at the apex with a narrow sinus. In T. glaucuin the sinus is broad and open. Roripa clavata sp. nov. Biennial, tall, perfectly glabrous : stem 6-10 dm. high, simple up to the inflorescence: leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, 5-10 cm. long, more or less auricled at the base ; lobes 4—8 pairs, oblong to ovate, obtuse or acute, broadly dentate : inflorescence branched ; petioles in fruit 5-10 mm. long, divaricate: petals spatulate, about 3 mm. long, exceeding the sepals : pod 10-12 mm. long, 2.5-3 n^"^- thick, decidedly clavate, obtuse, strongly curved ; style nearly i mm. long. This may have been included in Watson's Nasturtijim tcircstre var. occidentalc ; but the name occidentale cannot be used as there is already another older Roripa occidentalis Greene. It is not, however, Roripa Pacifica Howell, which is supposed to be a syno- nym of Watson's variety, for that species is described as being slightly pubescent and having pods which are acute at both ends, while in R. clavata the pod is almost truncate at the apex. Washington: Hogeman, Chehalis county, 1897, Frank H. Lamb, 1221 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; West Klickitat county, 1885, W. M. Suksdorf. Oregon : Sauvie's Island, 1888, T. Hoivcll, 1333. British Columbia : Port Henry, \^'S>g, Johi Maconn. Idaho: Near Hope, Kootenai county, 1892, Saiidberg, Mac- Doiigal & Heller, I02g, at least in part. Roripa Underwoodii sp. nov. Biennial, divaricately branched, even near the ground, perfectly glabrous ; stems 2 dm. or more high : leaves 3-5 cm. long, lyrately pinnatifid, thin ; lobes oblong, obtuse ; the terminal one elliptic to broadly oval, sinuately toothed ; petioles short, winged and Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 236 conspicuously auricled at the base : racemes numerous : pedicels short, in fruit scarcely more than 4 mm. long, diverging or even reflexed : sepals bright orange, obtuse ; petals light yellow, scarcely equalling the sepals and not quite i mm. long : fruit (im- mature) 5—6 mm. long, slightly thicker at the base, abruptly con- tracted into a minute style, not .5 mm. long. In general appearance, this species resembles most R. pahistris, but it is more branched with divaricate branches, has much shorter pedicels, rather longer and more tapering pod and not half as long style. From R. obtiisa, it differs in the shape of the leaves, which are less dissected, the shorter style and general habit. The type grew at an altitude of 3300 m. Colorado: Red Mountain, south of Ouray, 1901, L. M. CJn- dcrivood, 2(^ga. Roripa Integra sp. nov. Biennial, glabrous : stems few, strict, branched above ; basal leaves not seen as they are fallen off in the type specimen ; stem- leaves spatulate or rhombic spatulate, 1—2 cm. long, not auricled at the base, entire or slightly sinuate : racemes slender, lax : petals 1.5 mm. long, scarcely exceeding the sepals; pedicels 1-3 mm. long, ascending : pod about 8 mm. long, somewhat curved : style about 5 mm. long. The type specimen is labelled Nasturtium palustrc var., but it is not closely related to this species. It is nearer R. obtiisa, but differs in the entire leaves ; the more tapering and more curved pod, the erect habit and the short style. It grows at an altitude of about 2700 m. Utah : Wasatch Mountains, 1869, S. Watson, 6^, in part (type in herb. Columbia University). Lesquerella arenosa (Richards). Vcsicaiia arenosa Richardson, Frankl. Journ. App. 743. Lesquerella Ludovieiaua var. arenosa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 252. This is amply distinct from Z. Ludovieiaua (DC.) S. Wats, or L. argentea (Pursh) MacM., by the more slender ascending stems, the shorter leaves, the oblanceolate, instead of linear stem-leaves and the comparatively larger and often somewhat ellipsoid pod. The range given in the Synoptical Flora should be extended to the Black Hills of South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming. 237 Rydberg : Studies on the Rockv Mountain Flora Lesquerella Shearis sp. nov. Perennial with a large rosette of basal leaves ; stems several, ascending, 1-2 dm. high, densely stellate : basal leaves 3—4 cm. long ; blades broadly oval or ovate, entire or slightly angular den- ticulate ; stem leaves oblanceolate, about 2 cm. long, subsessile : raceme many-flowered ; pedicels in fruit bent S-shaped : pods erect, densely stellate, 7—8 mm. long, acute, compressed above ; septum elliptic in outline : style about as long as the pod. This species differs from L. curvipcs A. Nelson in the broad basal leaves, the elliptic instead of ovate outline of the septum and the longer style. It grows along creek banks at an altitude of about 2000 m. Colorado: Idaho Springs, 1895, C. L. Shear, j26^ (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); also at the same locality, P. A. Rydberg. Physaria brassicoides sp. nov. A tufted perennial with a large and dense rosette of basal leaves and a thick taproot : basal leaves large, with winged petioles ; blades almost orbicular in outline, sinuate-dentate, 2.5-5 cm. in diameter : stem leaves small and few, spatulate : flowering stems about I dm. high, ascending : flowers numerous : fruit almost obcordate, acute at the base, deeply divided above ; cells inflated, rounded pyriform, 8—10 mm. long and 5—8 mm. in diameter: style about 5 mm. long. This species resembles most P. didyiiiocarpa in habit, but differs in the smaller fruit, which is not at all cordate at the base but on the contrary usually acute, and in the larger basal leaves which form a large rosette, 7— 10 cm. in diameter and having some resem- blance to a young cabbage-head. It grows in crevices of magnesian rocks in caiions and badlands. Nebraska : Caiion south of Scott's Bluffs, 1891, Rydberg, 24. Cardamine acuminata (Nutt.) Cardamine Jnrsitta {i acuminata Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i : 85. 1838. This species has been variously referred to C. Jnrsitta, C. obligo- sperina, and C. Pennsylvanica. It is probably nearest related to the last, but the lower part of the stem is hairy and the pod has an evident style over i mm. long. It ranges from the Mackenzie River to British Columbia, south to California and Wyoming. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky MouxXtain Flora 238 Cardamine multifolia sp. nov. Stem about 2 dm. high, very leafy, lower part hirsute : leaves 4-6 cm. long glabrous; leaflets 7—13, oblong to oblong-obovate or oval, entire or sinuate-dentate ; the terminal one larger and obovate : flowers numerous: petals spatulate, about 2.5 mm. long ; pedicels ascending, about 8 mm. long : pod erect, about 2 cm. long and .75 mm. wide. This is perhaps closest related to A. parvifolia L., but is more leafy, has shorter and broader leaf-segments and erect pods, and the plant is less diffusely branched. Idaho: Beaver Canon, 1895, P. A. Rydb:rg. Utah : Wasatch Mts., 1869, 6". Watson, So, in part. Sophia brevipes (Xutt.) Sisyiiibrhnn cancsccus ^ {lircvipes Nutt. MSS.) Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I : 92. 1838. Sisymbrium Harticcgiamim Fourn. Rech. Auct. & Tax. Fam. Cruc. & Gen. Sisymb. 66, in part. 1865. Sisyjubriiiin incisiim var, Hartivegianmii S. Wats. Bot. Calif, i : 41. The plant described by Dr. Watson in the Botany of California and by Dr. Robinson in the Synoptical Flora (p. 139) is I think without doubt the var. brevipes of Torrey and Gray's flora. Prob- ably also Bourgeau's plant, cited by Fournier, belongs here ; but I think that it is very doubtful that Hartweg's plant, which must be regarded as the type of .S". Hartioegianinii Fourn., could be the same. Sophia Calif ornica (T. & G.) Sisynibriuui canesccns e (yCalifortiicuni) T. & G. Fl. N. Am. I : 92. 1838. This species is characterized by the large flowers, the sparingly stellate and often glandular-puberulent stem, the uniserial linear pod and once or twice pinnatifid leav^es. The segments of the lower leaves are broad and obtuse, those of the upper linear to oblong. Its range extends from Montana to Washington south to California. Sophia viscosa sp. nov. Biennial, 5-10 dm. high : stem, at least the upper part, decidedly glandular or viscid-villous : leaves obovate or oblanceolate in out- 239 Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain Flora line, 3-10 cm. long, twice pinnatifid, densely pubescent; primary divisions of the lower leaves ovate and obtuse ; those of the upper lanceolate and acute ; secondary divisions oblong acute or obtuse, often few-toothed : inflorescence usually much branched ; pedicels in fruit 8—12 mm. long : sepals yellowish, i — 15 mm. long, oblong ; petals bright yellow, spatulate, about 2 mm. long : pod (in the specimens seen not fully developed) over i cm. long and less than I mm. wide : seeds uniserial. This is perhaps nearest related to 6". incisa (Engelm.) Greene ; but differs in the dense viscid pubescence of the stem, the pubescent leaves and deeper divided primary segments. It grows among rocks and on grassy slopes. Idaho: Beaver Caiion, 1895, C. L. Slicar, ^02g{X.y^&\\\ Herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) and 709/. Wyoming: Trout Lake, 1899, Avcn & Elias Nelson, 58^8 ; Head of Pole Creek, 1895, Avcn Nelson, ij2i. Sophia leptophylla sp. nov. Stems 5—7 dm. high, sparingly glandular: leaves very thin, dark green, only once piimate ; segments of the lowest leaves rounded ; those of the middle lanceolate and somewhat incised ; the upper segments entire : pedicels slender, in fruit 5-8 mm. long, spreading: petals bright yellow, about 1.5 mm. long : pod linear, 8-10 mm. long, much less than i mm. wide, torulose, spreading, arcuate, curved up, uniserial. This is nearest related to S. incisa (Engelm.) Greene, but differs in the less incised leaves and horizontal curved pod. It grows at an altitude of about 2000 m. Colorado: Foothills, Larimer county, 1895, Craiidall & Coiven, S3 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Wyoming: Antelope Basin, Albany county, 1900, Aven Nel- son, J 4.66 ; Centennial Hills, 1895, 1686. Smelowskia Americana Hntchinsia calycina Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 58. 1834. Not Desv. 1814. Snidoivskia calycina Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863 : 58. Not C. A. Mey. 183 i. While in Europe last summer, I looked up the Asiatic type of 5. calyci7ia,2iX\^ this differs considerably from ours especially in the long villous pubescence. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 240 Draba brachystylis sp. nov. Perennial with a taproot : stems several, decumbent or ascend- ing with divergent branches, 1-1.5 dm. high, hirsute: basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 1.5—2 cm. long, hirsute with branched hairs ; stem leaves few, oblong or lanceolate, sessile : pedicels short, in fruit 2—5 mm. long, spreading: pod oblong, finely stellate, 8—12 mm. long, ascending: style very short, almost obsolete. The type sheet of this species is labeled Draba Carolina var. micrantha, but the plant evidently is a perennial and nearest related to D. streptocarpa ; but differs in the divergently branched stem, stellate pod and the almost obsolete style. It grows at an altitude of about 3000 m. Utah: Alta, Wasatch Mts., 1879, J/ E. Jones, 135 J (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Draba decumbens sp. nov. Perennial with a taproot, a short cespitose caudex and a large rosette of basal leaves : stems decumbent, 1—2 dm. high, sparingly pubescent, few-leaved ; basal leaves broadly spatulate, entire, 2-4 cm. long, finely grayish stellate, rather thick ; stem leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sessile, entire, 1-2 cm. long : calyx sparingly villous ; petals pale yellow, about 4 mm. long : pedicels very short, in fruit 2—4 mm. long : pod oblong, 8—15 mm. long, densely pubescent, usually twisted : style about i mm. long. This is a member of the D. aurca group, and distinguished from all the North American species by its decumbent stems, large, thickish entire basal leaves. Colorado: Gray's Peak, 1895, Rydberg {\.y^& in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Draba Macouniana sp. nov. Annual, almost scapose : stems ascending or decumbent, less than I dm. high, glabrous and shining ; basal leaves numerous, broadly spatulate or obov^ate, 5—10 mm. long, finely stellate, rather thick ; stem leaf usually one, oval, obtuse, 5 mm. long : petioles in fruit spreading, 6—8 mm. long: petals white, less than 3 mm. long : pod oblong-linear, erect, about i cm. long and 2 mm. wide : style obsolete. This species is nearest related to D. crassifolia, but differs in the whiter flowers, and the broad and short basal leaves, which are finely stellate, not hirsute ciliate. The type grew at an alti- tude of about 2000 m. 241 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora British Columbia: Summit of Rocky Mountains, i?>go, John Macoun (type in herb. Columbia University). Draba Parryi sp. nov. Annual, perfectly glabrous, except a few cilia on the petioles : stems several, usually less than i dm. high, scapiform or rarely with a stem leaf: basal leaves numerous, linear or narrowly linear- oblanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long ; pedicels spreading, in fruit 5-8 mm. long : flowers small ; petals scarcely 2 mm. long, white or light yellow : pods erect, oblong, 5-8 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, glabrous : style obsolete. This is closely related to D. crassifolia but the latter has broader leaves, which are more or less hirsute on the surface and distinctly ciliate on the margins. Colorado: Foot of Gray Peak, 1872, E. L. G^;7r;/^ (type in herb. Columbia University); 1872, C. C. Parry ; Cameron Pass, 1896, C. F. Baker. Wyoming : Telephone Mines, 1900, Avcn Nelson, ySyp. Draba cana sp. nov. Perennial with a taproot and short cespitose caudex, whole plant densely grayish stellate ; stem 1-2 dm. high, often branched : basal leaves numerous, oblanceolate or spatulate, 1-1.5 cm. long, entire or minutely but sharply toothed, densely stellate ; stem leaves lanceolate to ovate, about i cm. long : racemes many-flow- ered ; pedicels short, nearly erect, in fruit 2-3 mm. long : flowers small; petals white, about 3 mm. long: pod linear-oblong, 6-8 mm. long, densely pubescent : style about 5 mm. long. This has gone under the name of D. iucana, but the latter is much less densely stellate and has a glabrous, much broader pod. I have seen only one specimen of true D. ineana from this conti- nent, and it was collected in Labrador. Most of those under this name belong to D. cana, which ranges from Labrador to the Yukon Territory, south in the mountains to Colorado. The fol- lowing is regarded as the type. Alberta : Morley, foothills of the Rocky Mountains, 1887, John Maconn (herb. Columbia University). Draba McCallae sp. nov. Perennial with a cespitose base, whole plant sparingly stellate but green : stems several, simple, about 3 dm. high : basal leaves Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 242 spatulate, 10-18 mm. long, entire or nearly so ; stem leaves ovate, about I cm. long, sharply dentate or entire : raceme elongated : pedicels slender, in fruit about i cm. long, erect : petals white, 4-5 mm. long : pod (in the specimen not fully developed) ovate, densely but finely pubescent, much shorter than the pedicels : style 0.75 mm. long. This species belongs also to the D. iiicaiui group, but differs from that species in the elongated peduncle, long pedicels, short pubescent pod and large petals. Alberta: Valley belo\v Mt. Aylmer, 1899, W. C. McCalla, 226'j (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Draba Columbiana sp. nov. Perennial ; with a cespitose base, sparingly and finely stellate and ciliate on the margin of the leaves : stems slender, about 2 dm. high, simple: basal leaves many, oblanceolate, 10—15 mm. long, denticulate or entire ; stem leaves ovate to lanceolate, about I cm. long denticulate : raceme elongated, pedicels slender, ascend- ing, 5-7 mm. long in fruit : flowers small ; petals slightly over 2 mm. long, white : pods linear-oblong, finely pubescent, over i cm. long, style very short. This species resembles much the preceding in habit, but the flowers are much smaller and the pods longer. British Columbia: Revelstoke, idigo, John Macoun {iy^e in Herb. Columbia University). Geranium Pattersonii sp. nov. Cespitose perennial with a thick root and short caudex : stems ascending or difiuse, 2-4 dm. long, densely glandular villous with long spreading hairs, petioles of the basal leaves 5—10 cm. long, also glandular villous ; blades reniform in outline, about 3 cm. broad, glandular villous on both sides, deeply 5— 7-cleft ; lobes broadly obovate-cuneate, 3 -toothed ; teeth broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate : stem leaves similar, but short-petioled or the uppermost subsessile : pedicels and calyx glandular long -villous ; the former in fruit 1.5—2 cm. long: sepals in fruit about 8 mm. long, oval with a short bristle-tip about i mm. long : petals obo- vate about i cm. long, light purple, or rose color, with darker veins : style in fruit about 2 cm. long, glandular-pubescent ; beak about 4 mm. long : carpels pubescent : seeds finely reticulate. This species is perhaps nearest related to G. Parryi (Engelm.) Heller, but is lower, more densely glandular, has broader and 243 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora shorter lobes to the leaves and their teeth are broadly ovate, ab- ruptly acuminate, instead of lanceolate. The general habit is per- haps more like G. cacspitosiivi James, but in that species the lower part of the stem is grayish-pubescent with short reflexed hairs. G. Pattersonii is a subalpine plant growing at an altitude of 2500— 3000 m. Colorado: Gray Peak, 1895, P. A. Rydberg (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); foot of Pikes Peak, 1896, C. L. Shear, jjoz ; mountains, near Empire, 1892, H. N. Patterson, ijy and ij6 in part ; North Cheyenne Caiion, 1896, Ernest A. Bessey ; also 1845. Free I! I out, 61. Geranium strigosum sp. nov. Geranium RicJiardsonii Wats. King's Rep. 5 : 49, in part. 1 87 1. Not Fisch & May. Erect perennial with a short thick rootstock : stem 4-8 dm. high, finely reflexed strigose ; petioles of the basal leaves 2—5 dm. long, also sparingly strigose ; blades reniform in outline, 7—12 cm. in diameter, finely strigose on both sides, deeply 7-cleft ; divisions rhombic in outline, 3-cleft and toothed ; teeth lanceolate, acute ; stem leaves similar, but short-petioled ; stipules linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate : inflorescence open, glandular pubescent : sepals densely glandular, oval, about 8 mm. long ; bristle tips 1.5—2 mm. long ; petals broadly obovate, rose color or light violet, strongly purple-veined : style in fruit about 3 cm. long, beak about 6 mm.: seeds reticulate. This is nearest related to G. viseosissii/iuin, but the corolla is lighter in color and the pubescence is different, being decidedly reflexed, strigose, not at all glandular, except on the inflorescence. It grows in the valleys to an altitude of perhaps 2700 m. Wyoming: Copperton, 1901, F. Tiveedy, 4JQi (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Big Horn Mountains, 1900, j6^j. Utah : City Creek Caiion, 1S80, HI. E. Jones. i8yi ; Parley's Canon, 1901, ^. G. Stokes ; Black Rock and Uintahs, 1869, S. Watso)i, 20^. Oxalis Coloradensis sp. nov. Perennial with a slender rootstock : stem slender, erect, 1—2 dm. high, sparingly villous ; leaves digitately ternate ; petioles 2—4 cm. long, sparingly villous : leaflets broadly obcordate, gla- RvDBERG : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 244 brous, 8-12 mm. long : peduncles very slender, about 5 cm. long: inflorescence cymose, but often reduced to 2-3 flowers ; pedicels sparingly strigose : sepals 4—5 mm. long, oblong : petals yellow, 6-7 mm. long: pod cylindric with a conical apex, 12—15 ninn. long, 2.5-3 nim. wide, glabrous. This is nearest related to 0. cymosa Small and O. Brittoiiiac, but differs from the former in the blunter sepals, the appressed pubescence of the pedicels and the glabrous pod, and from the latter in the simpler habit, the longer glabrous pod and paler and larger leaves. It grows in grassy valleys at an altitude of 1800— 2500 m. Colorado: Sangre de Christo Creek, 1900, Rydbcrg & Vree- laiid 3g20 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.); Foothills, Larimer county, 1895, /. H. Coxvcn (mixed with 0. stricta L.). Lupinus Scheuberae sp. nov. Perennial ; stem 4—6 dm. high, sparingly strigose or almost glabrous, slender : petioles of basal leaves about i dm. long ; leaf- lets 7—8, oblanceolate, 5-7 cm. long, acute and mucronate, green, glabrous above, sparingly appressed pubescent beneath ; stipules lanceolate, attenuate ; stem leaves similar but shorter petioled : racemes i — 1.5 dm. long, not dense; bracts lanceolate, 7—8 mm. long, deciduous : flowers 10-12 mm. long: calyx densely white silvery puberulent, strongly gibbous above ; lower lip lanceolate, fully twice as long as the triangular-ovate upper lip : corolla dark purple but lighter and almost white towards the base ; banner slightly longer than the wings, silky puberulent on the middle of the back : pod densely white silky with appressed hairs, 2-4-seeded. This is nearest related to L. psaidoparviflonis, but differs in the somewhat larger flowers, the strictly appressed white pubescence on the calyx and pedicels, the gibbous, but not spurred calyx, and the broad and short upper lip of the latter. It grows in woods at an altitude of 2,000-2,400 mm. Montana : Garnet county, 1901, Mrs. Eunna Ware Shaibcr, ijj (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Wyoming: Copperton, 1901, Frank Tzvecdy, 4216. Lupinus spathulatus sp. nov. Lupinus parviflorus S. Wats. King's Rep. 5: 1871. Not Nutt. 245 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora Perennial : stem 8-10 dm. high, glabrous or sparingly strigose above, leafy ; stipules narrowly lanceolate, attenuate : petioles 3—5 cm. long ; leaflets about 7, spatulate or broadly oblanceolate, about 4 cm. long, mucronate, those of the lower leaves obtuse, those of the upper more acute, glabrous above, finely puberulent beneath ; raceme elongated, about 2 dm. long, many-flowered : flowers sub- verticillate ; pedicels about .5 cm. long, as well as the calyx, pubescent with short spreading hairs ; bracts lanceolate, attenuate, deciduous, longer than the buds ; calyx gibbous at the base ; lower lip lanceolate, about twice as long as the short ovate upper one : corolla dark blue, with lighter keel ; banner glabrous, rounded and shorter than the wings. This has been confused with L. parviflorns, which it closely resembles, differing mostly in the shape of the calyx ; the lower lip in that species is only slightly longer than the upper and the banner is larger and less rounded. The type grew at an altitude of 2400 m. Utah : Wasatch Mountains, 1869, 5. Watson, 22^ (type in herb. Columbia University). Lupinus flavescens sp. nov. Perennial : stem about 3 dm. high, appressed pubescent with rather long hairs : stipules lanceolate, densely hairy : petioles often over I dm. long, appressed silky ; leaflets about 7, oblanceolate, 3—4 cm. long, appressed silky on both sides : inflorescence short; bracts lanceolate, early deciduous ; pedicels 8—10 mm. long, as well as the calyx densely pubescent with short, spreading hairs: calyx gibbous at the base ; its lips almost equal in length, both about 8 mm. long: corolla 12—14 nim. long, pale yellow; banner with a darker spot, glabrous. The type has been known as L. sulpliurciis and was included therein questionably by Watson ; but differs in the larger, paler flowers, and the longer lips of the calyx, and the longer pubes- cence. Idaho or Montana : Medicine Clay Prairies, Wyctli (type in herb. Columbia University). Lupinus lucidulus sp. nov. Perennial : stem 5—6 dm. high, branched above, finely silky strigose, especially the upper portions, leafy ; stipules minute, ovate, acuminate : petioles 3-5 cm. long ; leaflets 7-8, linear-oblanceo- Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 246 late, silky and silvery on both sides, about 3 cm. long : raceme 1—2 dm. long, lax : flowers scattered ; pedicels and calyx densely pubescent with short strictly appressed silky hairs ; lower lip of the calyx about 5 mm. long, lanceolate, almost twice as long as the short ovate upper one : corolla yellow or light pink ; banner slightly exceeding the wings, with a few short hairs on the back, with a darker spot, about 8 mm. long : pods densely silky pubescent. This species is nearest related to /C. sulphureus, but differs in the more silvery pubescence, the smaller flowers and the appressed pubescence of the calyx and pedicels. The type grew at an alti- tude of 1900 m. Wyoming: Spread Creek, 1897, F. Tzveedv, 2'ji (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 30. STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-IX By p. A. RYDBERG NEW YORK 1902 [Reprinted from the Bulletin of the Torek y Botanical Club, ag s Dec, 1902 ] Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora— IX 1!Y p. a. RYDliERC. THE NYCTA6INIACEAE OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION The family Nyctaginiaceae has been sorely neglected by the systematic botanists in this country. Until lately we have had not even an attempt at a monographic work since Dr. Gray's notes were published in the Botany of the United States and Mexican Boun- dary Survey in 1859. Gray's treatment there as a whole can scarcely be regarded as an improvement on that by Choisy, pub- lished ten years earlier in De Candolle's Prodromus, and of course, both are now out of date. Professor Heimerl's treatment in Die nati'irHclioi Pfla)izcnfaiiiilicii is as good as could be expected from a European monographing an almost exclusively American family ; but this gives little help beyond the genera. Recently there has appeared a revision of the family by Marcus E. Jones * as it is represented on the Great Plateau. As the territory covered by Jones practically includes that treated in this article, it would seem superfluous to duplicate the work ; but I have had the advantages of a large library and the rich collections of Columbia University, the United States National herbarium, and the New York Botan- ical Garden. These advantages are, however, somewhat balanced by Mr. Jones' longer field experiences. Jones' paper is valuable because it gives fuller descriptions of many poorly known species, descriptions drawn by a botanist v.'ho knows the species in the field. It is deplorable, howev^er, that this paper in many places shows a good deal of carelessness, especially in the matter of cit- ing publications. Under Aliionia, it has for nistance : " 5. A. GLABER t (Wats.) Kuntze, Am. Nat. yGJ' and "7. A.'AGGREGATA (Vahl) Spreng. Ic. 5 437." In the first case, one would suppose that Kuntze published the combination in the American Naturalist, while the fact is that Wat- son there published O.xybapJius glabcr, on which Allicviia glabra is based. * Contributions to Western Botany, lo : 34-54. June, 1902. f This should have been A. glabra. 680 ' 681 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora If interpreting the second case in a similar way, one would come to the conclusion that OxybapJnis agg^'egatiis Vahl was pub- lished in Vahl's Icones, if not in Sprengel's Icones ; but neither is the case, for no book with that title was ever published by either Vahl or Sprengel. From Mr. Jones' citation no one could imag- ine that Ic. 5 437, stands for Cavanilles' Icones, where Mirabilis aggregata appeared. This is not the earliest appearance of the name aggregata, however, for this was originally published by Ortega * as Calyxhymcnia aggregata. As Cavanilles' plant is differ- ent from Ortega's, the former being Allionia decmnbens (Nutt.) Spreng., the latter A. agregata (Ortega) Spreng. as shown below, Jones citation becomes not only unintelligible but also incorrect. It would have been much better to leave out the citation of pubH- cations altogether, which by the way is advisable for anyone who does not possess good library facilities. Key to tbe Genera of the Rocky I^ountain Resrion Bracts distinct. Fruit crested or winged ; bracts in a whorl at the base of the head -like cluster ; perianth salverform. I. Abronia. Fruit globular, neither crested nor winged ; bracts attached each to a pedicel of the umbel-like or corymbose inflorescence ; perianth funnelform. 2. Herviidium. Bracts united. Fruit neither strongly tubercled nor winged. Fruit not ribbed ; involucre herbaceous, little if any enlarging in fruit, not be- coming membranous. Stamens usually 5 ; involucres campanulate, not enlarged in fruit. 3. Quamoclidion. Stamens 3 ; involucre rotate, somewhat enlarged in fruit in the manner of the next genus, but not membranous. 4. AllionirJla. Fruit ribbed ; involucre rotate, in fruit becoming much enlarged and mem- branous. 5. Allionia. Fruit with two rows of strong tubercles on the back and surrounded by two toothed inflexed wings. 6. Wedelia. I. ABRONIA Juss. Gen. 448. 1789 Tricratus L'Her. ; Willd. Sp. PI. i : 807. 1799. Cycloptera Nutt.; Gray, Am. Jour. Sc. II. 15: 319. 1853. In the original publication, no type species was mentioned. The genus was described from a plant collected on De la Peirouse's journey in California and cultivated by Mr. Colignon. Hooker in * Nov. aut Rar. PI. 8 : //. ii. 1798 (or 9 ?). Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 682 his Exotic Flora, //. igj; &• ig^, identifies Colignon's plant as Abronia iiuibcllata. The type of Iricratus is the same, and that of Cycloptera \^ A. eye I opt era. Fruit narrowly winged or crested ; wings or crests not completely encircling the fruit. Fruit biturbinate, /. c. , tapering at both ends, irregularly ridged or crested. Flowers about 2 cm. long ; limb 5-10 mm. wide. Bracts broadly obovate, over i cm. long. I. A. fragi-ans. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, less than i cm. long. 2. A. nminta. Flowers about I cm. long ; limb 3-5 mm. wide ; bracts ovate to lanceolate- ovate, about 5 mm. long. Petioles of the stem-leaves shorter than the very thick blades ; plant low, about I dm. high. 3. A. punii/a. Petioles of the stem-leaves much longer than the moderately thick blades ; plant slender, 2-4 dm. high. 4. A. amiiiophila. Fruit turbinate or obpyramidal, /. e., almost truncate above, distinctly winged ; the wings very broad above. Plant almost acaulescent ; stem and leaves greatly surpassed by the long peduncles. 5- ^- >i'i>^ mm. long : wings very thick, of two lamina, semi-cordate at the apex : wingless tip of the fruit very short. This species is intermediate between A. elliptica and the next species. From the former it differs in the glabrous stem and the stricter habit, from the latter in the broader and shorter bracts and the smaller flowers. Colorado : Grand Junction, 1883, M. E. Jones (type in U. S. Nat. herb.). 10. Abronia lanceolata sp. nov. Perennial : stem glabrous, decumbent, several decimeters long: leaves rather thick, glabrous ; petioles 2—3 cm. long ; blades ob- long-oval, 2—5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide: peduncles 5—15 cm. long ; bracts 6-8, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about i cm. long: flowers numerous, about 1.5 cm. long, with a limb 4—5 mm. wide : fruit with the thin wings about 8 mm. wide and about as long, cuneate-obpyramidal in outline, puberulent : wings strongly reticulate, semicordate at the apex, where the tip of the achene extends for about 2 mm. The type was labeled A. fragrans, which species it resembles in general habit, but it is easily distinguished both by the narrow bracts and the strongly winged fruit. These characters place it nearer A. Carlctoni Coult. & Fisher which is of a different habit and has a puberulent stem. A. lanceolata grows in drifting sand. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora 686 Idaho: Idaho Falls, 1901, Merrill & Wilcox, Syo. (Type in herb. N. Y. Botanical Garden.) II. Abronia Carletoni CoLilt. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 17: 349. 1892 Colorado. 12. Abronia villosa S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 302. 1873 Southern Utah to Arizona and California. 13. Abronia cycloptera A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 15: 319. 1853 From Wyoming to Texas and Arizona. 14. Abronia pedunculata (M. E. Jones) Abronia viicraiitJia pedunculata M. E. Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5 : 716. 1895. In the Navajo Basin of eastern Utah. 15. Abronia micrantha Torr. Frem. Rep. 96. 1845 From South Dakota to Montana and New Mexico. 2. HERMIDIUM S. Wats. King's Rep. 5: 296. 1871 A monotypic genus. I. Hermidium alipes S. Wats. /. c. Nevada and western Utah. 3. QUAMOCLIDION Choisy ; DC. Prod. 13- : 429. 1849 This genus was based on two species, of which the second was referred doubtfully to the genus. The first had before been known as a species oi Mirabilis, viz., J/, triflora Benth. The type of the genus Mirabilis L. is M. Jalapa L. In the latter the filaments are united at the base, the fruit is not viscid and the corolla is salver- shaped with a long tube and broad limb. In Quainoclidion the filaments are distinct, the fruit viscid and the corolla from nearly cylindrical to bell-shaped but with a small limb. In Mirabilis the flowers are solitary and in the typical species of Quainoclidion 3—6 in the involucre ; but as the number of flowers are not of value as a generic character I have here included a species with one-flow- ered involucres. 687 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain F'lora Involucre 5-6-flowered : perianth elongated funnelform. i. Q. ninltiflorttni. Involucre l-flowered : perianth open-carapanulate. 2. Q. laeve. I. QuAMOCLiDiON MULTiFLORUM Torr.; Gray, Am. Journ. Sc. II. 15: 321. 1853 OxybaphnsniultiflonnnToxx. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2 : 21"]. 1828. Nyctagiuia Torrcyana Choisy ; DC. Prod. 13- : 430. 1849. Mirabilis mnltiflora A. Gray; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 173. 1859. Choisy, who had not seen any specimens of this species and who believed that it had distinct bracts, referred it to Nyctagiuia ; but it is evidently congeneric with and closely related to Mirabilis triflora Benth., the type of Ouanioclidioii. 0. iniiltiflonDii ranges from Colorado and New Mexico to Arizona and California. 2. Quamoclidion laeve (Benth.) Oxybaphus lacvis Benth. Bot. Sulph. 44. 1844. 0. glabrifolius \diX. crassif alius Qhdxsy \ DC. Prod. 13": 431. 1849. 0. glabrifolius l:oxx&y, Pac. R. R. Rep. 4: 131. 1857. Not Vahl. Mirabilis Califoruica A. Gray; Torr. Mex. Bound. Surv. 173. 1859. 0. Calif ornicus Benth. & Hook. Gen. 3: 4. 1880. This species has quite often been included in Oxybaphus, i. c, Alliouia, and often in Mirabilis. Professor Heimerl, in his treat- ment of the Nyctaginiaceae in Die uaturlichcii Pflauzcufainilicn, merges Oxybaphus into Mirabilis ; but associates this species with the one-flowered species of Alliouia. It is evident that \{ Alliouia is to be treated as a distinct genus, Q. laeve can not be included in the latter genus for it lacks the es- sential characters, viz., the ribbed fruit and the enlarging and mem- branous involucre. It is evidently closer related to Quauioclidiou than any other genus. The only important difference between it and the typical species is the open short perianth and the flowers solitary within each involucre. The species ranges from Utah to Arizona and California. 4. Allioniella gen. no v. Bracts five, united into a gamophyllous viscid rotate involucre, Rydberg : Studies on the RctcKv Mountain Flora 688 which enlarges somewhat in fruit but does not become membra- nous : flowers in each involucre 3 : perianth open, short funnel- form : stamens 3, distinct : fruit ellipsoid, neither angled nor ribbed, very indistinctly tubercled, glabrous. Only one species. I. AUioniella oxybaphoides (A. Gray) Oitauioclidion oxybaphoides A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sc. II. 15 : 320. 1853. Mirabilis oxybaphoides A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 173. 1859. OxybapJius WrigJitii Yii, and the other two numbers of the Baker, Earle and Tracy collection are labeled Cerastiinii , and Cerastium arvcuse oblongifoliuui, respectively. The six sheets (two of each number) in the N. Y. Botanical Garden herbarium (except one of number 621, which represents a luxuriant state) are so alike that it is impossible to refer them to different species. In the size of the flowers, form of the leaves and general habit, the species resembles most C alpiiium, but the pubescence is different : in C alpiiium long-villous and less viscid, in C Earlei very short and very viscid. The latter grows at an altitude of 2700-3600 m. Colorado : Near La Plata P. O., 1898, Baker, Earle & Traev, 250 Rydberg : Studies on the 4J2 (type in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mts., s^^ ' Cumberland Basin, 621. Cerastium Leibergii sp. nov. Perennial with a slender, branched rootstock : stems simple, 4-5 dm. high, sparingly villous and viscid-puberulent ; uppermost internode of the stem about i dm. long : leaves {&^ and scarcely half as long as the internodes, linear-oblong, 2.5-3 ^m. long, 6-"] mm. wide, the lower obtuse, the upper acutish, i -nerved, thin, puberulent when young, ciliate on the margins : inflorescence vis- cid-puberulent ; bracts lanceolate, 4-8 mm. long, not scarious- margined ; pedicels in fruit 2.5-3 cm. long : sepals about 5 mm. long, lanceolate, viscid-pubescent, scarious-tipped and margined : petals scarcely twice as long as the sepals. This is perhaps most nearly related to the preceding, but differs mainly in the broader, obtuse leaves and smaller flowers. It grows in open Piiius ponderosa forests at an altitude of 970 m. Idaho: Upper St. Mary's River, 1895, /. B. Lciberg, iioj (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Cerastium graminifolium sp. nov. Perennial with slender branched rootstock : stems 3-5 dm. high, densely short-villous and somewhat viscid, erect ; upper- most node of the stem below the inflorescence elongated, 5—10 cm. long : leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, I -nerved, short viscid-villous, mostly spreading : bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate : pedicels in fruit 2—4 cm. long : sepals nar- rowly lanceolate, densely viscid-pubescent, only slightly scarious- margined, acute, 5-6 mm. long: petals 12-14 "i"''- lo"g. cleft }i-yl their length into oblong, obtusish lobes : capsule almost straight, about ^ longer than the sepals. This has gone under the name of C. arvcnsc, but differs from the European plant, in the larger flowers, the more villous pubes- cence and the more acute leaves, which resemble much those of Alsine graminea. It grows in rich bottom lands. Washington :, Pullman, 1897, Elmer, lyy (type in herb. N. Y, Bot. Garden). Idaho: near Lewiston, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, 301 J ; Upper Ferry, Clearwater Ferry, 1892, Sandberg, Mac- Dougal & Heller, ^g. Rocky Mountain Flora 251 Draba sobolifera sp. nov. A low cespitose perennial, but the leafy stolons often some- what elongated : basal leaves oblanceolate, obtuse or spatulate, 1—2 cm. long and 3—4 mm. wide, sparingly stellate-villous, thick with indistinct midrib : peduncles ^^-6 cm. long, stout, rather many-flowered : petals yellow, obovate, about 4 mm. long, more than twice as long as the rounded sepals : pedicels in fruit y-S mm. long : pod ovate, about 6 mm. long, 3—4 mm. wide, finely stellate : style about 5 mm. long. This species is related to D. vctitrosa and D. alpiiia. From the former it differs in the longer leaves and the finer and sparser pubescence ; from the latter in the more elongated stems, the shorter and stellate pod and the shorter styles. It grows at an altitude of about 2500 m. Utah : Marysvale, above timber line, 1894, Marats E. Jones, Sc/j;6 (type), jSgje and jSpja.c (all in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Draba argyrea sp. nov. A cespitose tufted perennial, with underground horizontal stems ; basal leaves obovate, 3-7 mm. long, in dense rosettes, densely and finely stellate, almost silvery ; midvein indistinct : pe- duncles slender, 3—5 cm. long, naked, few-flowered : petals yellow, 3 mm. long, obovate, about twice as long as the ovate sepals : pedi- cels in fruit 5—8 mm. long: pods lanceolate, 6—7 mm. long, 2.5— 3 mm. wide, minutely stellate : style about i mm. long. This species resembles somewhat D. oligospcrnin in general habit and flowers, but the leaves are shorter and broader, more decidedly stellate and without the strong midrib, and the pod is longer. It also reminds one of D. voitrosa but is a more delicate plant with finer pubescence and longer pods. The type grew at an altitude of about 3000 m. Idaho : Rock crevices, Sawtooth Mountains, head of Fettit Lake, July, 1895, L. F. Henderson, 353S (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Draba uncinalis sp. nov. Small cespitose and pulvinate perennial : flowering stems scapi- form, 2-3 cm. high, sparingly stellate, leafless ; basal leaves in dense tufts, thick, rounded obovate, 3—4 mm. long, sparingly stellate, with indistinct midrib : inflorescence corymbiform, few-flowered ; pedicels in fruit 4—5 mm. long : pod ovate, 3-4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, glabrous or nearly so : style about 0.5 mm. long. 252 Rydberg : Studies on the A small plant characterized by the short pod, found other- wise only in two North American species, viz., D. andi)ia and D. oligospcrina ; but in both of those species the leaves have strong midribs and are less stellate. In habit it resembles most D. nivalis, but that species has a different pod. It grows at an altitude of 3500 m. Utah : Marysvale, Tate Mine, 1894, M. E. Jones, ^g^oani (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Lesquerella Utahensis sp. nov. A tufted perennial : stems ascending, 5— 10 cm. (seldom 15 cm.) high ; basal leaves 3-4 cm. long, petioled ; blades oval or obovate, densely and finely stellate ; stem-leaves smaller, oblanceolate or spatulate : petals yellow, about 8 mm. long, with cuneate blades, y2 longer than the oblong sepals : pedicels in fruit ascending, 5— 10 mm. long : pod almost spherical or slightly transversely flat- tened, 3—4 mm. wide, finely stellate : style 4-5 mm. long, much longer than the pod. This species is related to L. Wardii, i. c, it has the same habit and pubescence and the pod is as in that species somewhat thicker than broad ; but the latter is shorter, rounder, neither elongated nor acute at the apex. L. Utalicnsis grows at an altitude of 2000- 3500 m. Utah: American Fork Caiion, 1880, Marcus E. Jones, ijS4- (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); Friser, 18S0, iSio ; Marys- vale, 1884, 5775 <;% jpjiJ/^ ; Irelands Ranch, .Salina Caiion, jy.//,- Caiion above Tropic, jj;i2d. Stanleya runcinata sp. nov. Stem stout, glabrous : basal leaves about 2 dm. long, lanceo- late in outline, runcinately divided, softly pubescent with long white hairs ; lobes broadly triangular or the lowest ones oblong : stem- leaves ovate to oblanceolate, more glabrous : raceme 1-3 dm. long, many-flowered : sepals linear, about i cm. long and i mm. wide, light yellow, glabrous : petals about ^ longer ; blades oblanceo- late, about 'jA, as long as the glabrous claws : filaments glabrous, about twice as long as the sepals : pods almost erect and straight, 6—7 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, on spreading pedicels about i cm. long. This species is perhaps most closely related to 6". pinnata, but easily distinguished by the lobing of the basal leaves, the straight RocKv Mountain Flora 253 pods, the oblanceolate blades of the petals and the glabrous fila- ments. Idaho (?) : 1896, Henderson (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Thelypodium ovalifolium sp. nov. Perennial, perfectly glabrous : stems terete, 3—5 dm. high, ascending : earliest basal leaves about 5 cm. long, petioled with broadly oval blades, glabrous, entire, obtuse ; the later ones ob- lanceolate ; stem-leaves sagittate, 2 cm. long, thick, sessile and clasping, with short rounded basal lobes : inflorescence elongated : sepals oblong, 3 mm. long : petals about 5 mm. long with spatu- late blades and slender claw : pedicels in fruit 4—5 mm. long, spreading: pods ascending, 1—2 cm. long and about i nmi. wide, somewhat torn lose. This species is perhaps most nearly related to 7. piDiiculotiivi, but differs in the short pods and the broad basal leaves. Utah: Panguitch Lake, 1894, M. E. Jones, 6oi^c (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Lepidium Georginum sp. nov. Apparently biennial, cespitose from a slender taproot, 1—2 dm. high : stems hirsute with short spreading hairs : basal leaves 1—5 cm. long, deeply pinnately divided with ovate lobes ; stem-leaves similar or the upper oblanceolate arid entire ; all more or less pubescent : inflorescence short : petals spatulate, slightly exceed- ing the sepals : pods pubescent, rounded oval, 4 mm. long, broadly winged above, forming at the apex two broadly ovate obtuse lobes, over 0.5 mm. long. This species is in habit nearest L. Wriglitii \\\\.\\ which it has been confused ; but it is less hairy and the pods are those of L. dictyotiivi. Utah : " Southern Utah," 1874, C. C. Parry, ig (type in herb. Columbia University); 1877, E. Palmer, ^o ; St. George, 1880, M. E.Jones, 161^; Milford, 1S21 in part; 1894,57/(9/'. Thysanocarpus trichocarpus sp. nov. Annual, perfectly glabrous, except the fruit, 1-3 dm. high : stem terete, branched : lower leaves oblanceolate or oblong, sin- uately dentate, thick and somewhat glaucous ; uppermost leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, entire : racemes often i dm. long : petals slightly over i mm. long ; blades broadly spatulate : pedicels in fruit about 5 mm. long, recurved : pod nearly orbicular, 254 RvDBERG : Studies on the about 4 mm. wide, short-pubescent : wing-margins crenate or lobed, not fenestrate : style scarcely exceeding the wing-margin. Utah: Silver Reef, 1894, M. E. Jones, ^i6jb, in part (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.), j/^t?// and j/jpc/. Trifolium lividum sp. nov. Perennial, densely cespitose and tufted : branches of the caudex short and covered by the remnants of the leaf-bases and scariuus stipules ; free portion of the latter subulate-filiform : petioles 4—1 5 cm. long, slender, glabrous ; leaflets linear-lanceolate or oblanceo- late, very acute at both ends or cuspidate at the apex, 3—4 cm. long, glabrous above, sparingly appressed hairy beneath, green, entire-margined : peduncles I — 1.5 dm. high, sparingly appressed hairy : heads nearly 2 cm. in diameter ; bracts linear-subulate to almost filiform, longer than the calyx-tube, glabrous, slightly if at all scarious-margined : calyx-tube 2.5—3 cm. long ; teeth subu- late-filiform, 4-5 mm. long: corolla about 12 mm. long, light purple with a darker keel. This species is nearest to T. dasypliyllniii, but is a larger, more glabrous and greener plant, and with much larger and narrower bracts. It grows at an altitude of about 3000 m. Colorado: Graymount, 1895, P. A. Rydbcrg, 2^^2 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); Alpine Tunnel, 1897, C. L. Shear. Trifolium pedunculatum sp. nov. Perennial, with a somewhat cespitose base : stems 2—4 dm. high, rather slender, striate, glabrous or with a k\w appressed hairs : stipules 2—3 cm. long, lanceolate, i/^ or ^ of their length adnate to the petioles, denticulate : petioles 4—6 cm. long, slender ; leaflets 3, oblanceolate to linear, acute, finely denticulate, 2-3.5 cm. long: peduncles i dm. or more long: heads 15—18 mm. in diameter, not biacteate : flowers subsessile, 10—12 mm. long, in fruit not reflexed : caly.x-tube 2 mm. long, glabrous below, pubes- cent towards the throat ; calyx-teeth subulate, the lower 3—3.5 mm. long : corolla purple. This species is nearest to T. longif>cs, but differs in the smaller purple flowers and the calyx which is glabrous below. Idaho: Long Valley, 1895, Z. F. Henderson, jog6 (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.); near Sawtooth, 1896, B. IV. Evermann, jp2. Lotus longebracteatus sp. nov. Perennial, cespitose, decumbent : stems 2-3 dm. long, diffusely branched, grayish strigose : leaves thick, grayish strigose with a Rocky Mountain Flora 255 distinct rachis ; leaflets 4, linear to oblong or of the lowest leaves obovate, i — 1.5 cm. long or the lower shorter: peduncles 4-5 cm. long, I— 2-flowered ; bracts linear, about equalling the calyx : calyx strigose, its tube and teeth each about 4 mm. long ; the latter subulate: corolla about 14 mm. long, strongly curved upwards, the banner much exceeding the wings and keel : pod linear, straight, 2.5-3 '^^^- ^o^b- pubescent. This is in some respects intermediate between L. rigidiis and L. WrigJitii, differing from the former in the narrower leaflets, in the shorter peduncles, longer bracts and narrower calyx -teeth and from the latter in decumbent habit, leaves with a distinct rachis and elongated peduncles. Utah : "South Utah," 1877, Dr. E. Palmer, gjf. (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Lupinus depressus sp. nov. Perennial, cespitose : stems decumbent, 1-2 dm. long, ap- pressed silvery silky pubescent : petioles slender, 5—7 cm. long, also silvery silky ; leaflets about 7, oblanceolate, usually obtusish, 1.5-2 cm. long, densely appressed silvery canescent ; stipules sub- ulate : racemes short, slightly exceeding the leaves ; bracts lanceo- late, short, deciduous : flowers 8—9 mm. long : calyx long-villous ; lips ovate-lanceolate ; the lower about ^3 longer than the upper : corolla light bluish-purple ; banner glabrous, slightly' shorter than the wings. Being perhaps most nearly related to L. ininii/iiis, it differs from that in the decumbent or spreading leafy stem and more silk\' pubescence. It grows in gravel on dry mountain slopes, at an alti- tude of about 1750 m. Idaho: Divide between St. Joe and Clearwater River, 1895, John B. Leibcrg, 1201 (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.) ; Lo-Lo Trail, 1880, .S". Watson, So. Lupinus Evermannii sp. nov. Perennial and densely cespitose : the numerous stems about 1.5 dm. high, slender, erect or ascending, leafy, appressed hairy: petioles 2-4 cm. long, also appressed hairy ; leaflets oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 1—2.5 cm. long, densely canescent on both sides with long appressed hairs; stipules lanceolate, acuminate: raceme very short-peduncled, dense and short ; bracts lanceolate, short, deciduous : flowers 6-7 mm. long ; pedicels and calyx densely pubescent with spreading hairs ; lips of the latter ox-ate- 256 RvDBERG : Studies on the lanceolate, the lower about I/3 longer than the upper : corolla purplish-blue ; banner with a light spot, glabrous. This species is nearest related to L. lioloscriccus, but the corolla is lighter and the pubescence of the calyx is spreading. It is also lower and more cespitose, resembling more L. caiidicans in habit, but has much smaller flowers. Idaho: Near Sawtooth, 1896, B. W. Evcniiaini, jjj (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Lupinus Jonesii sp. no v. Perennial, very stout : whole plant yellowish-green : stem over I mm. high, densely pubescent with two kinds of hairs, viz., a short pubescence and long spreading silky hairs ; petioles about 5 cm. long, also pubescent with spreading hairs ; leaflets 7—9, ob- lanceolate, densely appressed, yellowish hairy on both sides, 4—7 cm. long ; stipules setaceous, deciduous : raceme long and dense, many-flowered ; bracts subulate-filiform, much exceeding the buds ; pedicels and calyx densely hairy with short spreading hairs : flow- ers about 16 mm. long : lips of calyx ovate-lanceolate ; the lower about }^ longer than the upper : corolla white ; the banner with a faint brownish spot ; keel purple-tipped. This species is nearest related to L. Iciicopliyllits, but is less densely pubescent, the flowers are larger and in the type sheet whitish and the bracts are much longer. It grows at an altitude of about 4200 ft. Utah : Silver Reef, May 3, 1894, Manns E. Jones, j i^j (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Lupinus adscendens sp. nov. Perennial : stem 4-6 dm. high, appressed silky, leafy : petioles 5—10 cm. long, ascending, also appressed silky ; leaflets about 7, linear-oblanceolate, 4-5 cm. long, acute, appressed silky on both sides but green ; stipules subulate : racemes elongated, narrow ; pedicels strongly ascending, rather long hairy : flowers about I 2 mm. long : calyx grayish silky ; the lower lip slightly longer than the upper : bract linear-subulate, much longer than the buds, almost equalling the calyx in length : corolla dark bluish-purple ; the banner glabrous with a lighter spot. This species is related to L. laxiflorns, but the calyx is not spurred and the bracts are much longer. Wyoming: Headwaters of the Tongue River, 1898, i^ Ticecdy, I2g (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); Head of Big Goose Creek, 1893, F. Tweedy, ij. Rocky Mountain Flora 257 Lupinus argentinus sp. nov. Perennial, densely appressed white-silky throughout : stem 4—6 dm. high : petioles 5—7 cm. long ; stipules lanceolate-subu- late ; leaflets about 7, oblanceolate, densely silky on both sides, 3—5 cm. long, conduplicate and with strongly curved back : in- florescence rather short and dense ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, short, deciduous : flowers about i cm. long : calyx and pedicels densely white-silky, spurred at the base ; lower lip lanceolate, about one third longer than the upper : corolla bluish-purple ; banner pubescent on the back, about as long as the wings : pods oblong, densely pubescent, about 3 cm. long and 5— 6-seeded. This species is nearest to L. argopliylliis, but differs in the denser and whiter pubescence, the broader curved leaflets and the more pubescent banner. It grows at an altitude of 1200-2200 m. Utah : Near Reno, 1900, 5. G. Stokes (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; Prov^o River, 188 1, J/. E. Jones, 2i6g ; Salt Lake City, 1869, 5. Watson, 2jy. Lupinus comatus sp. nov. Perennial, somewhat cespitose : stem about 3 dm. high, pubes- cent with long spreading silky hairs : petioles of the basal leaves about I dm. long, also pubescent with spreading hairs, leaflets narrowly oblanceolate, acute, 2.5—4 cm. long, green, pubescent on both sides ; stem-leaves similar, but with shorter petioles ; stipules linear lanceolate, long-acuminate : raceme short and dense, short- peduncled ; bracts lanceolate-subulate, equalling or exceeding the buds ; pedicels and calyx densely pubescent with spreading hairs ; lips almost equal, ovate-lanceolate: flowers 8—10 mm. long: corolla bluish-purple, rarely white ; banner slightly shorter than the broad wings. The species is somewhat related to L. laxiflorus but the calyx is not spurred, the raceme short and dense, the flowers larger and the pubescence of the stem and petioles long and spreading. Colorado: Lake City, 1878, F. N. /-tvwr (type in herb. Co- lumbia University) ; Gunnison Co., 1895, C. L. PoIIani (^) (U. S. Nat. Herb.). Lupinus maculatus sp. nov. Perennial, strict : stem 4-6 dm. high, finely appressed puberu- lent : petioles short, 2—4 cm. long, almost glabrous ; leaflets 5-7, those of the lower leaves obovate-oblanceolate, mucronate ; those of the upper oblanceolate and acute, sparingly appressed hairy beneath, glabrous above, 3—5 cm. long : inflorescence short-pedun- 258 RvDBERG : Studies on the cled and dense ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, deciduous ; the short pedicels and the calyx densely pubescent with short spreading hairs ; lips of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, the lower slightly longer than the upper: flowers 10-12 mm. long; banner light purple with a dark spot, glabrous, much shorter than the white or purple-tinged wangs ; keel white with purple tip : pods oblong, densely pubescent, 2.5-3 cm. long, 4-5-seeded. The type was labeled Liipinns parvifloriis, to which it is some- what related, but the raceme is much denser, the flowers larger, the corolla of a different color and with a very dark spot. Utah : P. V. Junction, Wasatch Mts., 1883, M. E. Jones (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden and duplicates in U. S. Nat. Herb.) ; Woods Class, 1882, M. E. Jones. Lupinus pulcherrimus sp. nov. Perennial, more or less cespitose : stems 3—6 dm. high, spar- ingly appressed hairy, leafy : petioles 3-6 cm. long, also appressed hairy or glabrate ; leaflets 7—9, linear-oblanceolate, acute, appressed silky on both sides, but green ; stipules lanceolate, subulate : raceme more or less elongated and rather dense, short-peduncled ; bracts lanceolate, short-acuminate, shorter than the buds, deciduous : pedicels and calyx grayish silky ; lips of the latter lanceolate, the upper somewhat shorter : flower about i cm. long : corolla dark purple ; banner with a light spot, pubescent on the back : pods broadly oblong, 3—3.5 cm. long, 5-6-seeded. This species is also related to L. laxiflonis, but the raceme is denser, the calyx scarcely spurred, and the flowers are larger. It also resembles L. pscndoparviflorus, but in that species the leaves are glabrous above and the calyx also spurred. From L. adsccndcns it differs in the spreading flowers and the short bracts. Wyoming: Battle, Continental Divide, 1901, F. Tiveedy, 42 ij (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; Headwaters of Tongue River, 1898, Tweedy, ijo ; Big Horn Mountains, 1899, Tzveedy, 2j6j ; La Barge, Uintah County, 1894, E. Ste^'enson, ijS. Montana: Divide between McDonald and Comas Lakes, 1901, F. K. JWeiand, gg6 ; Little Belt Pass, 1896, P. A. Rydberg, jjiS ; J. H. Flodnian, 620 ; Baltic, 1900, E. V. IVi/eox, jS. Lupinus laxus sp. nov. Perennial and somewhat cespitose : stem 4-6 dm. high, slender, sparingly appressed, silky: petioles 3—12 cm. long, appressed Rocky Mountain Flora 259 silky ; leaflets 7-9, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 3—4 cm. long, green, but appressed silky on both sides ; stipules subulate : racemes slender and lax ; bracts lanceolate, short-acuminate, not longer than the buds : pedicels and calyx rather long, hairy : flowers about 8 mm. long : calyx not spurred ; lips ovate, the upper slightly shorter : corolla light bluish-purple ; banner broad, somewhat shorter than the wings. This species is closely related to L. laxiflonts, but the flowers are smaller and lighter and the calyx is not spurred. It grows at an altitude of about 2000 m. Montana: Forks of the Madison, 1897, Rydhcrg & Bcssey, 444-2 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden), also 444ja. Wyoming: La Barge, Uintah Co., 1894, E. Stevenson, 757 (somewhat more hairy than the type). Lupinus leucanthus sp. nov. Perennial, about 6 dm. high : stem minutely strigose, leafy : petioles about 6 cm. long, almost glabrous ; leaflets 5—7, narrowly oblanceolate, 4—5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, glabrous above, sparingly appressed hairy beneath ; stipules subulate : raceme lax ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about equalling the pedicels, 6—8 mm. long : pedicels and calyx appressed short- hairy ; lower lip of the latter linear-lanceolate, about ^3 longer than the ovate upper one : corolla white with a brownish spot on the banner ; the latter glabrous and almost equalling the wings. This species is nearest related to L. Schcubcrac, but differs in the larger white flowers and the longer upper lip of the calyx. The type sheet bears the name Lupinus barlnga' Wats., but the plant is not at all related to that species. Utah: Springdale, 1894, Marcus E. Jones, j24ge (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Pachylophus macroglottis sp. nov. Acaulescent or nearly so: leaves 8-15 cm. long, tapering into a margined petiole; blades broadly oblanceolate, acute, sinu- ate-dentate, sparingly puberulent, and villous ciliate on the mar- gins and the veins, very thin : hypanthium very long and slender, 12-14 cm. long, sparingly villous or nearly glabrous, gradually widening into a funnelform throat, which at the insertion of the sepals, petals and stamens, is about i cm. in diameter : sepals lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, about 5 cm. long and much exceeding the broadly obcordate petals, which are about 3.5 cm. 260 RvDBERG : Studies on the long and fully as wide, very thin, at first white but turning pink in age : filaments about 2.5 cm. long : anthers versatile, 1.5 cm. long and 2 mm. wide : style exserted ; lobes of the stigma about 5 mm. long : capsule with rather strong sinuately lobed ridges. This species differs from P. cacspitosnin (Nutt.) Raimann in the villous ciliate leaves, the longer hypanthium which is much broader at the throat than in any of the other species, the longer sepals which much exceed the petals in length, and the less tubercled ridges of the pod. It grows in canons at an altitude of 1500— 2800 m. Colorado: Tributaries of Turkey Creek, 1900, Rydhcrg & Vrceland, jSjj (type). Pachylophus exiguus (A. Gray) Rydb. nom. nov. Oenothera exigna A. Gray, PI. F"endl. 1849. This species was merged into P. cacspitosns by Dr. Watson ; but it is perfectly distinct. The plant is nearly always caulescent with a stem 0.5— 2 dm. high, the leaves and hypanthium are villous as in the preceding species, but still more so, the hypanthium is fully as long, but less widened at the throat, and the angles of the pod with more prominent sinuately lobed crests than in P. cacspi- tosns. This species is represented in the New York herbaria by the following specimens : Colorado: Rocky Ford, 1891, C. S. Crandall ; Mesas near Pueblo, 1900, Rydbcrg & Jl'cciand, jSjS ; Rocky Ford, 1900, G. Ostcrhout, 2085. Ne\v Mexico : White Mountains, 1897, E. 0. IVooton, djp. Arizona: Walnut Cafion, iSgS, MacDonga/, j^i. Androsace puberulenta sp. nov. A puberulent rosulate annual : leaves oblanceolate, 1—3 cm. long, acute, entire or sinuately denticulate, densely puberulent : pe- duncles several, 3-10 cm. long : bracts narrowly lanceolate, 3—4 mm. long: pedicels 1-5 cm. long, spreading, densely puberulent : calyx 3-4 mm. long, cleft to the middle ; tube glabrous, turbi- nate ; lobes lanceolate, strongly keeled, densely puberulent, in fruit much exceeding the short capsule : corolla white, about equalling the calyx. This species is in habit intermediate between A. sidnindKllata and A. diffusa, but differs from both in the densely puberulent RocKv Mountain Flora 261 pedicels and calyx-lobes. In both specimens mentioned the calyx- lobes are of the length and shape of the valves of the maturing capsules, while in A. piibcnilcnta they are much longer. The range of the species extends from Manitoba and the Mackenzie River south to New Mexico. The type was collected in south- ern Colorado near Veta Pass, 1900, Rydbcrg & ll-celand, jyj2 (N. Y. Bot. Garden). Gilia subacaulis sp. nov. Apparently biennial with a slender taproot : stem less than i dm. high, almost leafless, dift'usely branched, glandular-puberulent : leaves almost all basal, 1.5—3 ^^^- ^ong, pinnatifid with triangular to oblong divisions, glandular-puberulent, or slightly white-villous when young : inflorescence open ; pedicels 2-4 mm. long : calyx 2—2.5 imii- lo'ig, puberulent, scarious between the green ribs; lobes lanceolate, about half as long as the tube, acute: corolla 4— 6 mm. long, funnelform, fully twice as long as the calyx, its tube distinctly exserted : stamens included : capsule rounded ovoid, acute, 4-5 mm. long. This is related to ^S'. inconspuua, but differs in the almost leaf- less stem, and the smaller corollas which have a comparativel}' longer tube. The following specimens belong here. Wyoming : Point of Rocks, 1901, Merrill & Wilcox, 6oy (type in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Utah: St. George, 1877, Pali/ui\ J2S ; 1874, Parry, igg. Colorado: Gunnison River, 1894. Mertensia subpubescens sp. nov. Mcrtciisia Sibirica R}'db. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. I : 335. 1901 ; mainly. Perennial with a thick rootstock : stem simple, stout, 6-10 dm. high, glabrous throughout: lower leaves petioled, the upper sessile; blades broadly lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, tapering at both ends, thin, glabrous or nearly so above, short-pubescent beneath and ciliate on the margin : inflorescence a rather many- flowered short panicle ; pedicels slightly strigose : calyx-lobes oblong-linear, obtuse, ciliate on the margin, 2-2.5 miri- long, about /i-/i as long as the corolla-tube: corolla about 12 mm. long; the tube only slightly longer than the limb : filaments broad and dilated, broader than the anthers and about half as long. This is perhaps nearest related to J/ ciliata, but is easiest dis- tinguished by the pubescent lower surface of the leax'es. It 262 Rydberg : Studies on the grows along streams at an altitude of 2000-2200 m. The follow- ing specimens from Montana belong here : Montana: Spanish Basin, 1897, Rydberg & Besscf, 4S'/6 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); near Indian Creek, ./c?/^ / Bridger Mountains, 4.8 'j § ; Mystic Lake, 1895, C. L. Shear, joyd ; Deer Lodge County, 1901, Mrs. Emma IV. ScJienber, ^2 ; Basin, 1902, Kilsey. Heliotropium spathulatum sp. no v. Heliotropinm curassaviejimWook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 81. 1840. Not L. ? Heliotropium eurassavicuin obovatinii DC. Prod. 9:538. 1 845. Not H. obovatum D. Don. A glabrous, more or less glaucous, fleshy perennial with as- cending more or less branched stems, 3—5 dm. high : leaves spat- ulate, fleshy, indistinctly nerved, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at the apex, tapering at the base and the lowermost petioled : inflor- escence branched into 2—5 racemes ; these often starting from one point at the end of the common peduncle : calyx about 3 mm. long, cleft to the middle ; its lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute : corolla white or slightly tinged with blue, 6-8 mm. long ; the limb of about the same width : nutlets 2.5-3 "^"^- loi^S' scarcely rugose. This is the common plant of the Rocky Mountain region that has been known as H. eurassdvieiiui L., but has much broader leaves, more than twice as large flowers and larger fruit than the cosmopolitan plant found on our eastern seaboard and in the south- ern states. It is probably the same as the plant collected by Douglas in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and briefly described in the places cited above. Hooker states that in the Blue Moun- tains were the only places where Douglas found H. eiirassavic7im. In the Columbia herbarium there is a specimen, labelled : " Cali- fornia, Douglas." If this specimen is one of those collected in the Blue Mountains and described by Hooker and DeCandolle, the synonyms cited above should be excluded ; for the specimens evidently belong to the short-leaved and smaller-flowered form of H. eurassavicuin common on the Pacific coast and described by Willdenow under the name H. eJienopodioides. H. spatJiulatitvi is fairly common in meadows throughout the Rocky Mountain region and the great plains from Assiniboia and Washington to Iowa, New Mexico, Chihuahua and California. The type was collected at Great Falls, Montana, 1890, R. S. IVilliams, ^42 (in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). New York Botanical Garden. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 55 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XI By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1904 [From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 31 '■ 399-410. July, 1904] [From the Bulletin of the Torrky Butankal Club, 31 : 399-410. July, 1904 ] Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XI. Per Axel Rydberg 0/ Juncus balticus vallicola var. nov. Stem from a horizontal rootstock, rather stout, 6-8 dm. high, terete, 2—4 mm. in diameter ; sheaths at the base short, dark brown, bladeless ; bract 1—2 dm. long ; bractlets broadly ovate, scarious, brown, abruptly acuminate ; inflorescence open ; its branches 4-8 cm. long ; sepals narrowly lanceolate, slightly if at all scarious on the margin, attenuate at the apex, about 6 mm. long ; petals much broader and shorter with broad scarious margin, about 5 mm. long ; anthers about 4 times as long as the filaments ; capsules short ovoid, obtusish and mucronate, shorter than the petals. This variety has the open inflorescence and general habit of var. litoralis but the fruit of var. uioiitamis. It differs from both, how- ever, in the long-attenuate sepals. It grows in wet ground, both in alkaline and sandy or gravelly soil in the valleys of the Rocky Mountain region. Wyoming : Point of Rocks, 1901, E. D. Merrill & E. N. Wil- cox, (5^^ (type)* ; Big Sandy River, JjO ; Steamboat Mountain, 1900, Avcii Nelson, joyj. Colorado: Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, ^j8. Utah : Antilope Island, Stanslniry. Juncus truncatus sp. nov. J. alpinus insignis Coult. Man. 358 (in part as to the Colorado specimens). 1885. Stems slender, 3-5 dm. high, terete or slightly flattened ; leaves 1-3 dm. long, slightly flattened laterally or nearly terete, 1-2 mm. in diameter, septate ; sheaths with scarious margins which end in rounded auricles, which are i — 1.5 mm. wide ; bract 1—3 cm. long, lanceolate or subulate, brown with green back ; inflorescence open, 2-5 cm. long, irregularly cymose with 4—10 heads ; bractlets ovate, brown, acuminate-cuspidate ; heads 6-9 mm. in diameter, 5-10- flowered ; petals and sepals lanceolate, dark brown, about 3 mm. long, acuminate, longer than the capsule which at maturity is truncate or slightly emarginate at the apex : seeds not caudate. * Unless otherwise stated the types are preserved in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. 399 400 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora This species is most nearly related to /. nevadensis,]. Mertcnsiamts andy. Ricliardsonianus, with which three it has been confused. It differs from the first in the truncate capsule, from the second in the paniculate inflorescence and not caudate seeds, and from the last in the dark acuminate petals and sepals and the short capsule. It grows in wet meadows at an altitude of 1800—2700 m. Colorado: Meadow Height, 1898, Shear & Bcssey, 4J2j (type); Elk River, Routt County, 1894, C. S. Crandall. Wyoming: Copperton, 1901,/^ Tweedj, ^jjj ; North Fork of Clear Creek, Big Horn Mountains, 1898, T. A. Williavis ; Grand Encampment Creek, 1897, Aven Nelson, 3^8 1. Juncus brunnescens sp. nov. Juncus xipldoides montanus Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. Sf Louis, 2: 481 (in part). 1868. Stem 4-6 dm. high, flattened laterally and more or less winged; leaves 1-2.5 ^m. long, 2-5 mm. wide, equitant, laterally flattened, long-attenuate, septate ; sheaths with scarious margins, abruptly contracted above, but scarcely auricled ; bract linear- lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, green ; panicle open, 5-10 cm. long, with from 10-60 small heads ; bractlets ovate-lanceolate or ovate, abruptly acuminate, scarious and light brown; heads 5-12- flowered ; petals and sepals subequal, lanceolate, acuminate, about 3 mm. long, light brown with green midrib ; stamens usually 6, sometimes 4 or 5 ; style about equaling the petals ; capsule lance- ovoid acute. This was included in J. xipJiioidcs inontamis by Engelmann, but the first specimen cited by him belongs to a distinct plant with few, large, dark brown heads. This has received the name J. saximontamis by Aven Nelson. Besides the character mentioned, the scarious margins of the leaf-sheaths in the latter nearly always end in small auricles, a character by which it differs from all the species of the group. J. hniiincscois grows in wet places in the mountains of Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, while J. saxi- montamis ranges from Alberta and British Columbia to Colorado and California. Colorado: Pagosa Springs, 1899, C. F. Baker, 243 (type). New Mexico : Bear Mountain and Mangus Springs, Riisby, ^ij C, 417 D and 417 F. Arizona: Flagstaff, iSg^, MacDoiigal, J04 ; San Pedro Val- RVDBERG : ROCKV MOUNTAIN FLORA 401 ley, y. [['. Toiuncy, 6 ; Fort Verde, E. A. JMcarns ; San Francisco Mountains and Clifton, Rusby, /// A and ^ij E. Juncus parous sp. nov. Stem 3—6 dm. high, laterally flattened and distinctly winged ; leaves equitant, laterally flattened, septate, 2-3 dm. long. 3-5 mm. wide; sheaths with scarious margins that taper upwards ;ind without any indication of an auricle ; bracts 1—2 cm. long, green with more or less scarious margins ; heads few, 1—8, often clustered, 1 5-20-flowered ; bractlets lanceolate, light brown; petals and sepals lanceolate, sharply acuminate, subequal, light brown or greenish on the back ; stamens usually 6 ; style shorter than the petals ; capsule oblong, acute, shorter than the petals ; seeds apiculate. This is still more closely related to J. saximontaiius than the former, but is easily distinguished by the light-colored heads and the total lack of auricles. It grows in mountain meadows of Colo- rado and New Mexico. Colorado: Fort Garland, 1896, C. L. S/nar, j666 (type) and J 668 ; North Cheyenne Caiion, 1S96, and Pike's Peak, 1895, E. A. Bcsscy. New Mexico: Organ Mountains, 1897, E. 0. Wooton, 6ij. Juncoides subcapitatum sp. nov. Stem 3—4 dm. high, glabrous ; leaf-blades lanceolate, acumi- nate, glabrous, 4—10 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide ; bracts 2.5-3 cm. long, lanceolate, foliaceous ; inflorescence compact, consisting of 6—10 heads, conglomerate and forming an irregular head ; bract- lets ovate, those subtending the individual flowers about half as long as the sepals ; these and the petals subequal, 1.5-2 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, dark brown but lighter on the midrib ; capsule broadly obovoid, obtuse, shorter than the petals ; seeds about I mm. long, ellipsoid, obtuse, dark brown, minutely punctate. Notwithstanding the capitate inflorescence, the large foliaceous bracts, and the shorter capsule, it is most closely related toy. parvi- flonim, which it resembles in leaves and flowers. The type grew near timber-line on a mountain above Silver Plume. Colorado: Silver Plume, 1895, C. L. S/icar, ^611. Allium macropetalum sp. nov. Bulb obovoid, about 4 cm. long and 2 cm. thick, coated with long loose fibers ; leaves about 2 cm. long, almost equaling the 402 RvDBERG : RocKv Mountain flora scapes, 2-4 mm. wide ; sheaths very broad, loose and scarious ; scapes a Httle over 2 dm. high, stout, 3-4 mm. thick, often 2 or 3 from the same set of sheaths : umbel many-flowered ; bracts usually 3, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 cm. long, veined with purple ; pedicels stout, about 2 cm. long ; the outer in fruit spreading or reflexed ; petals and sepals lanceolate, long-attenu- ate, fully I cm. long, white, scarious, with a prominent purple mid- vein ; capsule 5—6 mm. long, with 6 conspicuous oblong crests which are over 1.5 mm. high. This species is perhaps most nearly related to A. Giycri, but stouter, usually with 2 or 3 scapes, loose sheaths, longer and more attenuate petals and sepals, larger conspicuous crests, and longer bulb with very fibrous coat. Colorado: May 14, 1898, C. S. Crandall. Allium Pikeanum sp. no v. Bulb obliquely ovoid, about 1.5 cm. long and 8—10 cm. thick ; coat membranous except the outer layer, which is fibrous -reticu- lated ; scape 8—15 cm. long, almost equaled by the narrowly lin- ear leaves : bracts usually 3, lanceolate, 8—10 mm. long and very soon reflexed; umbels with 10—15 flowers, but no bulblets ; pedicels about I cm. long ; petals and sepals subequal, ovate, acu- minate, red-purple ; filaments subulate, dilated below, about three- fourths as long as the petals ; capsule slightly crested above. This is most nearly related to A. rcticitlatnin and A. Gcycri, but distinguished by the small reflexed bracts, the dark flowers and the small bulb with only the outermost layers of the coat fibrous. It grows in the higher mountains of the Pike's Peak region at an altitude of 3,000—3,800 m., while the other species mentioned be- long to the plains. Colorado: Halfway House, 1896, C. L. Shear, jj2i (type); South of Pike's Peak and Bald Mountain, 1895 and 1896, E. A. Bcsscy ; Peak Valley, 1 90 1 , Clements, ^26. Corallorrhiza ochroleuca sp. nov. Whole plant light yellow ; stem 2—4 dm. high, not bulbous- thickened at the base ; sheaths loose and rounded and mucronate at the apex ; raceme 10— i 5 -flowered ; flowers 15—20 mm. long, light yellow, unspotted ; petals and sepals 7—8 mm. long, oblong- lanceolate, acute, with prominent midvein ; lip ovate, sinuate but neither lobed nor toothed ; spur small and adnate to the ovary. In general habit, this resembles a large C. nniltiflora, but dif- RvDBEKG : Rocky Mountain flora 403 fers in the yellow color of the plant, the unspotted flowers and the entire lip. It grows at an altitude of 1400—2500 m. Nebraska : War Bonnet Canon, 1 890, T. A. Williams, ^6* (type). Colorado : Echo Canon, near La Veta, 1900, F. K. l^rccland, 649- Salix pachnophora sp. nov. A shrub 2—3 m. high or perhaps sometimes higher : stems yellowish ; branches dark bluish with a bloom ; leaves oblong- lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, or on vigorous shoots i dm. long, acute at both ends, densely white-silky beneath, glab- rous or when young slightly silky above, rather thin, with promi- nent veins beneath ; pistillate aments subsessile, 1-3 cm. long ; bracts almost black, ovate or oblong, acutish or obtuse ; pistils subsessile ; ovary grayish-silky, ovoid, 3—5 mm. long ; styles slender, about 1.5 mm. long; stigmas slender, deeply 2-cleft ; staminate aments about 1.5 mm. long, subsessile ; bracts similar; stamens 2, filaments glabrous, distinct. This species is evidently most nearly related to 6". btila and S. siibcocntla, differing from the former in the smaller aments and cap- sules and the presence of bloom on the branches and from the latter by the sessile and naked aments. It grows in the moun- tains at an altitude of 2,300 to 2,500 m. Colorado : Chambers lake, 1899, Agricultural College of Colo- rado coll. (type); Rico, Dolores Co., 1899, Geo. E. Ostcrliout, 2jo^ ; along Uncompahgre River near Ouray, 1901, Undcrxi'coa & Selhy, 2^6. New Mexico : Beulah, 1901 & 1902, T. D. A. Cockerell. Atriplex oblanceolata sp. nov. Suffruticose dioecious perennial with decumbent base and as- cending branches, about 2 dm. high ; leaves oblanceolate or >pat- ulate, 2—3 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, densely white-scurly on both sides, entire, short petioled, or sometimes nearly sessile ; pis- tillate flowers in small axillary clusters ; fruiting bracts ovate in outline, slightly dentate, tubercled or irregularly crested on the back ; staminate flowers brown in small terminal panicles. This species is most nearly related to A. Xuitallii and A. ereiiii- cola. From the former it differs in the decumbent low habit, the more distinctly petioled leaves and the brown panicled staminate flowers (in A. Nuttallii they are yellow and arranged in interrupted spikes). It is more like A. eremicola, from which it scarcely differs except 404 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora in the tubercled or appendaged bracts, which are broadest below instead of above the middle. Colorado: Delta, Sept. 3, 1897,/. H. Cozvcn (Agric. Coll. Colo., no. ^oy i) (type), Hotchkiss and Smiths Fork {no. 40J0). Wyoming : Gardiner River, 1899, ■^''■'^^'^ ^ EUas Nelson, jppj ; Hams Fork, 1900, C. C. Curtis ; Fort Steele, 1901, TiK.'ced}\ 4301. Atriplex odontoptera sp. nov. A shrubby dioecious perennial : stems with shining white more or less flaky bark ; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, acute or ob- tusish, 2—4 cm. long, entire, white-scurfy on both sides ; pistillate flowers axillary ; fruiting bracts united to near the apex ; united portion with 4 laciniate dentate wings, 3-4 mm. broad, reticulate and ribbed ; free portion subulate, scarcely as long as the width of the wing ; staminate plant unknown. This species is most nearly related to A. cancsccns, differing mainly in the laciniate-toothed wings. It grows on plains at an altitude of 1,000-1,600 m. Wyoming: Buffalo, 1900, /^ Tzveedy, 3302 {\.y]i€)\ four miles below U. L. Ranch, id>g6, Knoi^'/ton, 160 ; Steamboat Lake, 1900, Osterhout, 2jjo, in part. Coriospermum emarginatum sp. nov. Annual, perfectly glabrous or with a few hairs on the bracts, branched near the base, 3-4 dm. high : leaves narrowly linear, 2-4 cm. long, 1—2 mm. wide, cuspidate-pointed ; bracts except the lowest ovate, 5—7 mm. long, acuminate, scarious-margined, much broader than the fruit ; fruit plano-convex, 2.5—3 '^^'^- ^o'lg and about 2 mm. wide, almost without a trace of a wing-margin. In habit this species resembles mostly C. niargijialc, but dif- fers in the lack of the wing-margins of the fruit characteristic of that species. In this respect it more resembles C. vi/lositm, but is a much more slender plant and glabrous. Wyoming : Laramie, 1897, A. Nelson, 4282 (type). Colorado : A specimen in the Torrey herbarium without any other data. Claytonia rosea sp. nov. Scape about i dm. high, slender, from a small corm 10-15 mm. in diameter; basal leaves rare, long-petioled ; blade 1—2 cm. long, spatulate ; stem-leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, sessile, 2-5 cm. long, i-ribbed or faintly 3-ribbed, acute, rather fleshy; RVDBERG : ROCKV MOUNTAIN FLORA 405 sepals rounded ov^ate, rounded at the apex, about 5 mm. long, half as long as the pink obovate petals ; inflorescence 5-10-flowered, short, little exceeding the leaves, bractlets lanceolate ; capsule shorter than the sepals ; seeds about 2 mm. long, black and very glossy. The few specimens of this species that arc found in our her- baria bear a variety of names, as C. caroliniana, C. caroliniana laiiccolata, C. carolhiiana scssilifolia and C. lanccolata sessilifolia. The original C. lanceolata Pursh is a much larger plant with broad, strongly 3-ribbed stem-leaves, elongated inflorescence and large flowers, the sepals being about 6 mm. long. The type of C. caroliniana sessilifolia Torr., is a plant somewhat resembling the present species, but with somewhat broader leaves abruptly con- tracted at the sessile base and with acutish sepals. Neither in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden nor in that of Columbia University is found any other specimen matching the original collected by Bigelow. Most species of Claytonia are found near water or in damp places. The type of C. rosea was collected on rather dry hills, at an altitude of 2200-2300 m. Colorado : La Veta, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland, 6joo (type) ; *' Colorado," G. C. Woolson ; 1875, ^^- ^- Henry; Graham's Peak, 1899, C. F. Baker, joj. Wyoming: Pole Creek, 1894, Aven Nelson, 2-/. Cerastium pulchellum sp. nov. Low decumbent perennial with horizontal cespitose rootstock : stems 5-10 cm. long, finely viscid pubescent; leaves oblong to oval, obtuse or raiely acutish, about i cm. long and 4 mm. wide, subsessile and slightly connate at the base, viscid pubescent on both sides ; peduncles i — 1.5 cm. long ; inner sepals oblong ; outer oval, scarious-margined both on the side and at the rounded apex, about 4 mm. long; petals obcordate, 10-12 mm. long. This species is nearest related to C. Earlei and C. behringianinn. From the former it differs in the low habit, the very obtuse scar- ious-tipped sepals and the short blunt leaves ; from the latter in the large petals and the scarious-tipped sepals. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of about 3900 m. Colorado : Hayden Peak, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, jjj. 406 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Arenaria polycaulos sp. nov. Arenaria saxosa Coult. Man. 35, 1885, and Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 240, in part ; not A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2 : 18. Perennial with a long tap-root, giving rise to numerous pros- trate or spreading stems about i dm. long, slender, finely scabrous puberulent ; leaves ovate or ovate lanceolate, spreading, about 5 mm. long, finely puberulent; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, scarious-margined, 3—4 mm. long ; petals 5—6 mm. long, obovate, entire. This plant has generally been known as A. saxosa, but the type collected by Wright differs considerably from it, being sub- ligneous at the base, with short erect stems, lanceolate almost erect leaves and narrower sepals. A. polycaulos grows on dry hills at an altitude of 2600-3000 m. Colorado: Silverton, 1898 (type; collector not given, but specimens received from the Agricultural College of Colorado) ; 1895, Tweedy, ijj ; Mt. Harvard, 1896, y^. E. Clements, j^ ; Gray Back Mining Camps, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland, 62SS ; La Plata P. O., 1898, Baker, Earle & 7 racy, 444; Dark Caiion, 1901, Clements, iij ; Breckenridge, 1896, Shear, 4jjS and 4545. Arizona: Mt. Humphrey, 1883, Rusby, 531 ; 1897, R. E. Knnze ; San Francisco Mts., 1892, Toniney, 48 j. Arenaria Tweedyi sp. nov. Perennial, densely cespitose with somewhat ligneous base ; leaves fleshy, linear-filiform, 2-3 cm. lon^, less than i nmi. wide, somewhat curved; stem usually less than i dm. high, glandular puberulent especially on the inflorescence ; this an open cyme ; bracts lanceolate, scarious-margined ; pedicels about i cm. long ; sepals lanceolate, acute, about 5 mm. long, scarious-margined and decidedly glandular puberulent ; petals about 8 mm. long. This is most nearly related to A. nintahejisis A. Nelson, differing in the fleshy not pungent leaves and the more glandular puberu- lent inflorescence. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of about 3600 m. Colorado: La Plata Mountains, 1896, Erank Ticcedy. Arenaria Eastwoodiae sp. nov. Perennial with a cespitose base ; stems about 2 dm. high, per- fectly glabrous; leaves filiform, stiff, pungent, 1-2 cm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, minutely scabrous-ciliolate on the margin below, dilated RvDBEKG : Rocky Mountain flora 407 and somewhat connate at the base ; inflorescence elongated ; bracts subulate to lanceolate, scarious-margined ; pedicels erect, 1—2 cm. long, glabrous ; sepals hnear-lanceolate, about 6 mm. long, glabrous, long-attenuate, equalling or slightly exceeding the petals. This is most nearly related to A. Fcndleri but is more slender and glabrous. It grows on dry hills. Colorado: Grand Junction, \?>g2, Alice Eastivood. Arenaria Fendleri Porteri var. nov. Like the type but low, i-2 dm. high, very glandular; leaves short ; branches of the inflorescence short and ascending. It is common on dry mountain ridges of Colorado. As type I take the following : Colorado : Gray's Peak, 1878, M. E. Jones, j 16 (type in herb. Columbia University). Alsinopsis macrantha sp. nov. Perennial, cespitose, diffusely branched and spreading, perfectly glabrous ; branches i dm. long or less ; leaves subulate-filiform, obtuse, 5-10 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, i-nerved; pedicels i cm. or less long ; sepals lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, very acute, scar- ious-margined, strongly 3 -nerved ; petals oblong, 7-8 mm. long. The type sheet is labelled Arciiaria vcnia L. , which it resem- bles much in habit, in the sepals and in the lack of pubescence, but it differs in the large petals and the i -nerved leaves. Colorado: Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mts., 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, SyS. Silene Antirrhina vaccarifolia var. nov. Stem-leaves broad, lanceolate, elliptic or oblanceolate ; stem stouter than in S. Antirrhina proper ; bracts more or less scarious- margined below ; flowers and capsule larger. In the Rocky Mountain region the typical S. Antirrhina is rather rare and evidently an introduced plant found in waste places and fields. It is there represented by two native forms, the pres- ent with broad leaves and large flowers and the next with narrow leaves and small flowers. Idaho: Lewiston, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller, Jijj (type in herb. Columbia University) ; Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, 1892, Sandberg, MacDougal & Heller, igo. 408 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Montana: Big Horn River, 1891, Tzveedy. Colorado: Foothills, Larimer County, 1895, J. H. Cozoen, 82 ; near Golden, 1878, M. E. Jones, 2jg ; Rist Canon, 1897,7". H. Coiven. Silene Antirrhina depauperata var. nov. Like the species but more slender and few-flowered ; calyx in fruit very short ; petals none or small, not exceeding the calyx- lobes ; blade cuneate, truncate or emarginate at the apex. British Columbia: Lower Arrow Lake, i^go, J. M. Macouii (type). Colorado: 1874, G. C. Woolso/i. Arizona : Tucson, 1894,/. IV. Toiivicy. South Dakota : Lead City, 1892, P. A. Rydberg, 557. Washington : W. Klickitat County, 1891, W. N. Siiksdorf. Wyoming : Hartville, 1892, Aven Nelson, ^gj. Nebraska: Dismal River, 1893, P. A. Rydberg, iJ4g. Utah : City Creek Canon, 1880, AT. E. Jones, iSjg. Lychnis striata sp. nov. Perennial with more or less cespitose base ; stems 3—5 dm. high, finely puberulent and more or less viscid above ; basal leaves and lower stem-leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 5-15 cm. long with a more or less distinct petiole ; upper stem-leaves sessile and linear- lanceolate ; inflorescence narrow with erect branches ; calyx densely viscid puberulent, strongly lo-nerved, in fruit somewhat extended by the capsule, 10-12 mm. long and 5 mm. wide; its lobes oblong, obtuse, somewhat scarious-margincd ; petals exserted, about I 5 mm. long; claw long, narrowly cuneate, fully equaling the calyx ; blade short, two-cleft, with obtuse lobes. This species is most nearly related to L. Druniinondii, but differs in the exserted petals and the more strongly lo-nerved calyx. It grows at an altitude of 2000-3300 m. Colorado: Cameron Pass, 1896, C. F. Baker (type), also 1899; Silver Plume, 1895, P. A. Rydberg. Wyoming: Battle, 1901, Tzveedy, 4335, also Headwaters of Tongue River, 1898, 163; Yellowstone Lake, 1899, Aven & Elias Nelson, 6634. Utah : Evanston, 1869, S. Watson, 134. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 409 Atragene pseudo-alpina diversiloba var. nov. A peculiar form with merely ternate leaves, the segments of which are more or less cleft or lobed, some rounded at the apex ; staminodia conspicuous, spatulate or oblanceolate. This may be a distinct species, but the material is too scant. The most striking character is the conspicuous staminodia, which in the species are narrowly linear or more often lacking. Colorado: Mountains near Denver, 1869, B. H. Smith {ty^o. herb. Columbia University). Stanleya glauca sp. nov. Tall, perfectly glabrous, 4-6 dm. high, bluish green ; lower leaves 1-1.5 dm. long, more or less pinnatifid with linear-lanceo- late or oblong lobes, the terminal usually much longer than the rest ; upper leaves usually entire, linear-lanceolate ; racemes 3—4 dm. long, sometimes branched below ; sepals and petals lemon- yellow ; the former oblong, about i cm. long, deciduous ; petals of about the same length, long-clawed ; claws more or less pubes- cent, about twice as long as the oblong blades ; fruiting pedicels about I cm. long, more or less spreading; stipes about 1.5 cm., slender; pod proper about 5 cm. long and 1.5 mm. thick, some- what arcuate, but neither tortuose nor torulose ; seeds oblong, dark brown, minutely pitted. This species is perhaps most nearly related to 6". intcgrifolia James, which, however, differs in the following respects : the stem lower, leaves thicker and broader, oval or broadly oblanceolate ; the lower, if lobed, with broad and short lobes ; claws of the petals broader at the base, shorter, scarcely longer than the oblong spatulate blades. 5". glauca grows on the dry hills and table lands at an altitude of 1,200-2,500 m. Colorado : Prairie, Entrance Soldier's Canon to Sulphur Springs, 1895, /. H. Coiocii (type); McElma Canon, 1901, F. K. Vreeland, 8yi ; plains near Fort Collins, 1896, C. S. Crandall ; near Badita, 1900, Rydberg & Vrccland, 6120 ; Dixon Canon, 1899, W. F. M. ; Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy, ^12 ; Vwchlo, 10 ; Garden of the Gods, 1894, E. A. Bessey ; Pike's Peak, 1894, T. F. Allen. Schoenocrambe decumbens sp. nov. Stem slender, decumbent, 2-3 dm. long, as well as the whole plant perfectly glabrous, more or less branched ; leaves narrowly 410 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora linear, 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, i -nerved, rather thick and more or less glaucous ; raceme rather few-flowered, lax ; pedicels 3-5 mm, long, ascending ; sepals oblong, about 4 mm. long, light yellow ; petals yellow, 6-7 mm. long, spatulate or oblanceolate, obtuse, gradually narrowed into a more or less distinct claw ; pods 3-4 cm. long, about 0.75 mm. in diameter, usually more or less arcuate, beak (i. e., portion above the end of the valves) about i mm. long. This species is closely related to 6". lijiifoliuvi, but differs in the more slender and more branched decumbent stem, usually nar- rower leaves, smaller flowers, and more slender pods, which are more or less arcuate and with a more distinct beak. It grows on dry plains and hills. Montana: Melrose, id>g$, P. A. Rjdberg, 26'/! {iyT^o); Sheri- dan, 1895, L. A. Fitch. Utah: Thistle Junction, 1900, 6". G. Stokes. Colorado: Gypsum, 1894, C. S. Crandall. New York Botanical Garden. CONTKIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 59 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XII By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1904 [Fri m the Bulletin of the Torre y Botanical Club, 31 : 555-575. October, 1904] [From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Cluh, 31 : 555-575. Oct , 1904.] Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XII. -^"^^ ''^'^''^ Per Axel Rvdherg UAiv-- ; Draba coloradensis sp. nov. Annual, leafy below, often branched, 5 — 10 cm. high ; leaves obovate, entire, 1—2 cm. long, 0.5—1 cm. wide, subsessile, coarsely hirsute, hairs often branched but not truly stellate ; peduncles 5 cm. or in fruit often 10 cm. long; raceme short and corymbi- form at first, more elongated in fruit ; sepals oval or oblong, ob- tuse, 1. 5- 1. 7 5 mm. long ; petals white, 3-3.5 mm. long, spatulate, emarginate ; fruiting pedicels 4—5 cm. long, divergent ; pods linear- oblong, 10—12 mm. long and nearly 2 mm. wide, hirsute; style none. This species belongs to the D. carol'niiann group. From that species it differs in the hirsute pods, stouter habit and larger leaves ; from D. niicrai/tha in the large petals, the larger leaves and the more elongated raceme in fruit ; and from D. cuncifolia in the entire leaves and the larger pods. It grows on river flats, dry hills and plains at an altitude of about 1500 m. Colorado: Fort Collins, river flats, lower Armstrong, 1897, collector not given (type) ; plains near Denver, 1870, E. L. Greene ; Mancos, 1891, Alice Eastivood. Draba streptocarpa Grayana var. nov. Low and densely cespitose, almost pulvinate ; flowering stems 1-3 cm. high, almost scapose ; stem-leaves few and reduced ; even the basal leaves much smaller than in the type. It grows at an altitude of 3600-4000 m. Colorado: Gray's Peak. Aug. 1895, P. A. Rydberg {\.y^€)\ same locality, 1892, C. S. Craiidall ji ; mountain west of Como, 1895, Cra)idall & Coi^'an 7/. Smelowskia lineariloba sp. nov. Densely cespitose ; caudex densely covered by the bases of the dead leaves ; leaves 2-5 cm. long, pinnately divided to the midrib into linear acute divisions, finely stellate and the petioles ciliate ; stems about i cm. high, few-leaved ; inflorescence at first 556 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora short and corymbiform, in fruit elongated ; sepals oblong, pubes- cent, about 3 mm. long ; petals clawed, 5—6 mm. long, white or pink ; blades broadly spatulate ; fruit 1 1-12 mm. long and about I mm. wide, tapering at both ends. This species is nearest related to S. amejdcana, but differs in the narrow segments of the leav^es and the long narrow pod. It grows on high peaks of Colorado at an altitude of 3,600—4,200 m. Colorado : Douglass Mountain, 1878, M. E. Jones ^/(.j (type in herb. Columbia University) ; Hindsdale Co., 1878, F. M. Pease ; near I ronton, 1899, C. C. Curtis. Sophia purpurascens sp. nov. Stem very slender, diffusely branched above, glabrous and purplish ; lower leaves not known, having all fallen off; upper leaves simply pinnate with linear-oblong divisions, slightly stel- late ; racemes slender ; sepals broadly oblong, over i mm. long, light yellow, almost equaling the similar petals ; pedicels ascend- ing in fruit, 4-5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. thick ; fruit very slender, 5-8 mm. long, linear, 3-6-seeded, nearly cylindrical and tapering somewhat at both ends, slightly torulo.se ; seeds in one row. This is perhaps nearest related to 5. i)icisa and S. leptopJiylla, but differs in the slender purple stem, the diverging branches above, the slender inflorescence, and slender short pod. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of about 3,300 m. Colorado: Red Mountain, south of Ouray, 1901, Underzuood & Selby 2jj. Sophia ramosa sp. nov. Stems 3-6 dm. high, finely but sparingly stellate, branched, especially above ; branches ascending or diverging, forming with the stem an angle of 45° or more; leaves once or twice pinnate, sparingly stellate ; divisions linear or linear-oblong ; ra- cemes oblong ; petals oblanceolate, pale yellow, slightly longer than the sepals ; pedicels in fruit 7-8 mm. long, ascending ; pod somewhat clavate, 8-10 mm. long, erect or strongly ascending, about I mm. thick ; seeds in two more or less distinct rows ; styles almost none. This species is perhaps nearest related to 5. interiiudia, but differs in the spreading branching, the smaller and paler petals, and the shorter pedicels and style. It grows in waste ground at an altitude of about 2,750 m. Colorado: Pitkin, 1901, Undenuood & Selby 41J. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 557 Arabis oblanceolata sp. nov. " 1 Perennial, somewhat branched at the base, 3 dm. or more high ; basal leaves petioled, sparingly stellate-pubescent, 3—10 cm. long ; blades oblanceolate, acute, entire ; stem-leaves sessile, lanceolate, sagittate-auricled at the base ; sepals oblong, acute, 3-4 mm. long, white-hairy near the apex ; petals dark reddish- purple, 7-8 mm. long, spatulate with a long claw ; pedicels in fruit ascending, about 12 mm. long; pods ascending, about 5 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, glabrous ; seeds in 2 rows ; style none. This is perhaps nearest related to A. Crandallii Robinson, but is a larger plant, less stellate, with much larger basal leaves and pods, and the flowers are much darker. It grows at an altitude of about 3,000 m. Colorado: Valley Spur, 1901, Undcrivood & Selhy ^^^. Arabis Selbyi sp. nov. Perennial, with a basal rosette of leaves ; basal leaves ob- lanceolate, 5—10 cm. long, short-petioled, acute, sinuate-dentic- ulate, green but stellate on both sides, not ciliate ; stems 4—5 dm. high, branched ; stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, sagittate at the base ; racemes long and lax ; sepals linear, green, obtuse, about 3 mm. long, sparingly stellate ; petals red-purple, narrowly ob- lanceolate, long-clawed ; fruiting pedicels 3—4 mm. long, di- vergent ; pods divergent, about 3 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, obtuse at both ends ; style obsolete ; seeds in 2 rows. This species is perhaps nearest related to A. lignifera and A. bracJiycarpa. From the first it differs in the large, denticulate basal leaves, the stouter branched stem and the narrow dark petals. The latter has hispid ciliate as well as stellate leaves. A. Selbyi grows in cations and neighboring meadows at an altitude of 2,300-2,800 m. Colorado: West of Ouray, 1901, Uiidcri^'ood & Sclby 20J. Erysimum oblanceolatum sp. nov. Biennial ; stem 4-6 dm. high, strigose, rather simple ; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 5—12 cm. long, entire or sinuate dentate; the lower petioled, sparingly strigose ; racemes elongated ; sepals linear, about 6 mm. long, about equaling the claw of the light yel- low petals ; blades of the latter broadly spatulate or almost orbi- cular ; the whole length of the petals about 15 mm., fruiting pedi- cels about 8 mm. long, ascending or spreading ; pod tetragonal, ascending, about 8 cm. long, almost straight, not twisted, about 1.5 mm. thick; style about i mm. long. 558 Rydberg: Rocky Mountain flora This is intermediate between E. clatnin and E. WJiccleri. The former has longer petals, the claws of which are much longer than the sepals and the leaves are usually more dentate. From E. Wlieelcri it differs in the light yellow petals. It grows on foot- hills and plains at an altitude of 1,500-3,000 m. Colorado: Georgetown, 1895, P. A. Rydberg (type); La Plata P, O., 1898, Baker, Earlc & Tracy go6 ; mesas near Pueblo, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland 6igj ; Williams Canon, 1894, E. A. Bessey. Wyoming: Buffalo, 1900, F. Tzvcedy jjQj. Erysimum radicatum sp. nov. Perennial with a tap-root, branched at the base ; stems 1.5 dm. or less high, slightly strigose ; leaves linear-oblanceolate, sinuately toothed, 4-7 cm. long, strigose ; raceme short and dense ; sepals fully I cm. long, linear, acutish, equaling the claws of the petals ; the latter light yellow, about i 5 mm. long ; blades broadly spatu- late, almost orbicular ; fruiting pedicels about 8 mm. long, ascend- ing ; pods ascending, tetragonal, about 4 cm. long. This is somewhat related to Erysimum nivale iCJiciranthus nivalis Greene) but differs in the basal rosettes of sinuate-dentate leaves. It grows at an altitude of about 3,800 m. Colorado : Bottomless Pit (Pike's Peak), 1901, Clements 4^1 (type) ; also in 1900 at the same place. Opulaster bracteatus sp. nov. A shrub a meter or two high ; bark of the stems brownish- gray, more or less flaky ; that of the young twigs yellowish-green, glabrous or nearly so ; stipules linear-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, pubescent; petioles 1-3 cm. long ; leaf-blades 3-7 cm. long, ovate or cordate in outline, 3-5-lobed and doubly crenate, acute, glabrous or nearly so on both sides, somewhat paler beneath ; corymb rather many- flowered ; bracts obovate or .spatulate, often foliaceous and more or less persistent, pubescent ; hypanthium sparingly stellate ; sepals oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutish, about 3 mm. long, densely stellate on both sides ; petals white, rounded- ovate, 4-5 mm. long ; carpels 2, densely stellate, united at least half their length ; styles ascending. This resembles mostly O. iiitcnnedius in habit and leaves, but has the fruit of 0. nwnogyniis. It differs however from both in the conspicuous persistent bracts. It grows along streams in the foothills of northern Colorado. RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 559 Colorado: New Windsor, 1898, G. E. Osterhoiit 2j (type); also Buckhorn Creek, 1897, and Cheyenne Canon, 1895 ; foot- hills west of Fort Collins, 1893, C. F. Baker. Opulaster glabratus sp. no\^ A shrub about i m. high ; bark of the stems gray and flaky, that of the old branches dark brown and of the young shoots yel- lowish or reddish ; petioles 1-2 crn. long ; leaf-blades rounded- ovate, orbicular or sometimes slightly reniform, 2—3 cm. long, glabrous, slightly paler beneath, 3-5-lobed, obtuse ; corymb rather small, glabrous ; bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous ; hy- panthium almost glabrous ; sepals oval or rounded-ovate, obtuse, sparingly stellate beneath, densely so above, about 3 mm. long ; petals rounded-ovate, about 4 mm. long, pink or white ; carpels 2, united to above the middle, densely stellate. This resembles in habit a small -leaved O. iiiferi/icdiiis, but is closer related to 0. moiiogymis, differing in the larger, less dissected leaves and the less stellate and larger calyx and hypanthium. The type grew at an altitude of between 3,000- 3,800 m. Colorado: West Spanish Peaks, 1900, Rydbcrg & Vrceland 6o2j (type); Turkey Creek, 6026 ; Rist Canon, 1898 and 1899 (collectors not given). Holodiscus microphyllus sp. nov. A low shrub ; bark of the stems dark brown ; that of the branches light, yellowish or brownish, soft-strigose ; leaves spatu- late-cuneate, 1-1.5 or rarely 2 cm. long, evenly serrate, with strong nerves beneath, finely strigose or glabrate above, densely soft-pubescent beneath, at first almost white, in age more glabrate ; inflorescence small, 3-5 cm. long, its branches short and few- flowered ; sepals about i mm. long, ovate, as well as the peduncle and pedicels soft -villous ; petals broadly obovate, a little exceed- ing the sepals ; hairs of the carpels copious, about equaling the stamens. This has gone under the name of H. duuiosus, but the original Spiraea diinwsa Nutt. is a larger plant with large inflorescence and larger incised or doubly toothed leaves, and apparently the same as 6". discolor Pursh. Utah: Alta, Wahsatch Mountains, 1879, M. E. Jones 1142 (type in herb. Columbia University); Uintahs, 1869, 6". Watson 560 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora joj in part; Stansbury Island, 1850, Stansbnvy ; Southern Utah, 1877, E. Palmer ij6. Colorado: Chicken Creek, 1898, Baker, Earlc & Tracy 863. Potentilla Bakeri sp. nov. Perennial ; stem rather stout, about 4 dm. high, rather loosely- hirsute, branched ; basal leaves usually digitately 7-foliolate ; petioles 6-8 cm. long, loosely hirsute ; leaflets oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, strongly veined, coarsely silky on both sides and slightly grayish tomentose beneath, cleft to about three-fourth to the mid- rib into oblong acute lobes ; stem-leaves similar but smaller and short-petioled, usually only 5-foliolate or the upper 3-foliolate ; in- florescence open, usually flat-topped and corymbiform ; hypan- thium and calyx silky-hirsute and slightly tomentulose ; bractlets linear-lanceolate, about 3 mm. long and half as long as the ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate sepals ; petals obcordate, a little ex- ceeding the sepals ; stamens about 20 ; achenes smooth and shin- ing ; style filiform. In my monograph I included the only specimen then at hand in P. viridescciis, but it has deeper dissected leaves and more spreading pubescence than that species. Specimens of the present species are found in collections under the name oi P. Blachkea^ia, P. Candida and P. flabelliformis. It can, however, not well be confounded with any of these, except perhaps P. Candida, which it resembles in general habit and leaf-form. P. Candida is, how- ever, a small plant with leaves intensely white on both sides. P. Bakeri grows at an altitude of 2,100-2,700 m. Colorado : Grizzly Creek, 1896, C. F. Baker (type) ; Doyle's, 1 90 1, 6^j ; banks of Grizzly, 16 miles from Walden, 1894, Craiidall 122^. Rosa Underwoodii sp. nov. Shrub, 1-2 m. high ; bark of the old stems gray ; that of preceding year's branches purplish and of the new twigs purplish or green ; prickles infrastipular and scattered, strongly curved, 7-10 mm. long, with an oblanceolate base, 5-10 mm. long; stip- ules narrow, the lanceolate free portion about 5 mm. long, gland- ular-dentate ; leaves 5-10 cm. long; petiole and rachis puberulent and with sessile glands ; leaflets 2-4 cm. long, obovate or oval, usually obtuse, doubly serrate, glabrous on both sides or finely puberulent and slightly paler beneath ; flowers usually solitary ; Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora .'3()1 sepals lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 cm. long, erect and per- sistent in fruit, tomentulose above, glandular and bristly beneath, often with linear lobes; petals obcordate, about 2.5 cm. long and fully as wide ; hip in fruit more or less pear-shaped, about 3 cm. long and 2 cm. in diameter, sparingly bristly. This species has the general habit of R. Nutkatia and R. Mac- Dotigalii, but differs from both in the curved prickles. It has bristly fruit as the latter, but the fruit is more tapering at the base and the bristles fewer. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of 2,300-2,700 m. Colorado: Hills about Box Caiion, west of Ouray, 1901, Underivood & Sclby 122 (type) and 113 ; La Plata Cafion, 1898, Baker, Eaiie & Tracy 860. Rosa oreophila sp. nov. A shrub 2-3 m. high ; bark reddish, glossy ; prickles mostly infrastipular or lacking, weak, 5 mm. long or less, curved with elliptic bases ; stipules broad, finely pubescent and glandular- denticulate on the margin; free portion ovate, 5—15 mm. long; leaves 7-10 cm. long, 5-7-foliolate ; rachis and petiole finely pubescent and with sessile glands ; leaflets 2—3.5 imri. long, ovate or oval, acute or obtuse, glabrous and dark green above, sparingly and finely pubescent and paler beneath, coarsely serrate ; flowers mostly solitary ; sepals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, finely pu- bescent on both sides and glandular-denticulate on the margins, erect and persistent in fruit; petals obcordate, 2—2.5 cm. long; hip glabrous, when ripe fully 2 cm. long, often acute at the base. This is perhaps nearest related to the preceding, but differs in the smooth and more rounded fruit and more slender prickles. It grows at an altitude of 2,300—2,500 m. Colorado : Four-miles Hill, Routt Co., 1896, Baker {\.yp€); Dix P. O., 1898, Baker, Earle & Traey 4^4; Box Caiion, Ouray, 1 90 1, Underwood & Selby 121a and b. Astragalus oreophilus sp. nov. Erect perennial, 3—6 dm. high ; stem sparingly strigose, branched with almost erect branches ; leaves about i 5 cm. long, with 7—23 leaflets ; stipules triangular to lanceolate, strigose, acuminate, free from the petioles but more or less united with each other across the back of the stem ; petioles 2—4 cm. long ; leaflets oblong or elliptic, about 3 cm. long, strigose on both sides, 562 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora glabrate above; peduncles 0.5— 1.5 dm. long; inflorescence race- mose, 5-10 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 3—5 mm. long ; pedicels very short ; calyx-tube nearly cylindric, about 5 mm. long, gibbous above, white-pubescent with short hairs ; lower calyx-teeth subulate, about 1.5 mm. long; the upper lanceolate, shorter and slightly broader; pod oblong, about 1.5 cm. long and 5 mm. thick, often sparingly hairy when young, in age glabrous, almost terete, leathery, completely 2-celled. This species has been confounded with A. Mortoiiii and some- times with A. canadensis. The former is found only in the Columbia Valley region and is characterized by the intermixed black hairs on the calyx, and by the more hairy pod which is distinctly sulcate on the lower suture. A. orcopliihis is really closer related to A. canadensis, but differs principally in the short bracts and calyx- teeth. In A. canadensis the bracts are linear-lanceolate, long-at- tenuate, the lower almost as long as the calyx, and the calyx- teeth longer, fully half as long as the tube. A. oreopJiilus grows in the foot hills at an altitude of 1,500-2,200 m. Colorado: Pagosa Springs, 1899, C. F. Baker ^rg (type); near Boulder, 1902, F. Tzveedy 5134; Stone Prairie, Larimer Co., 1897, G. E. OsterJiont; Wahatoya Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland jggo ; Durango, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy ^yS. Astragalus Shearii sp. nov Perennials with horizontal rootstock ; stems slender, strigose and striate, about 2 dm. high ; stipules triangular, strigose, free from the petioles, but slightly united across the back of the stem ; leaves 3-5 cm. long with 13-19 leaflets ; these 5-8 mm. long, oblong, obtuse or retuse at the apex, glabrate above, grayish strigose beneath ; peduncles 4—5 cm. long ; raceme short, 5—10- flowered ; calyx-tube campanulate, about 4 mm. long, strigose, partly with black hairs ; teeth triangular ; corolla reddish-purple, nearly i cm. long; pod oblong, 12— 14 mm. long, glabrous, reticu- late, sessile, almost terete in cross-section ; the lower suture in- truded and forming a narrow partial partition. In general habit somewhat resembling A. Hallii ■d.\\<\ A.flex- nosns, but the structure of the pod places it nearest to A. clegans. Colorado: Twin Lakes, 1896, C. L. Shear jjij. Homalobus Wolfii sp. nov. Low depressed cespitose perennial ; stems intricately branched, less than i dm. long, covered by the scarious, strongly- veined, Rydberg : RocKV Mountain flora 563 hirsute-strigose triangular stipules ; leaves pinnate with 5 approxi- mate leaflets ; these 3-4 mm. long, lanceolate, strongly condupli- cate, grayish hirsute, spine-tipped ; racemes i— 2-flowered, very short-peduncled in the axils of the leaves ; calyx-tube scarcely 2 mm. long, grayish strigose ; teeth subulate, about i mm. long ; corolla ochroleucous, about 4 mm. long. A species related to and confounded with H. tcgctarius {Astragalus tegetarms S. Wats.), but the latter is a larger plant, has long-peduncled raceme exceeding the leaves, and longer calyx teeth, which about equal the tube in length. CoLORAOo : South Park, \?>y t^, John Wolf 34.J (type in herb. Columbia University). Homalobus Clementis sp. nov. Perennial, slightly branched, erect or ascending ; stem glab- rate or slightly strigose, about 2 dm. high ; stipules broadly triangular, strigose, abruptly acuminate, more or less united across the back ; leaves 5-7 cm. long, with I 1-2 1 leaflets ; these oblong or lanceolate, acute, 7—12 mm. long, glabrous above and spar- ingly strigose beneath; inflorescence 7— 10 cm. long, 8—1 2-flow- ered ; bracts lanceolate, small ; flowers very short-pediceled ; calyx-tube campanulate, about 3 mm. long, strigose with black hairs, teeth lanceolate-subulate, about half as long ; corolla bluish- purple, about 8 mm. long ; pod oblong, latterally compressed, sessile, about i cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, black-hairy with very short hairs ; both sutures prominent, the upper almost straight. This species is perhaps closest related to Homalobus winga- tensis {A. zuingateiisis) ; but that species is grayish canescent and has a glabrous pod. H. Clementis grows at an altitude of 2,500- 3,000 m. Colorado: Sangre de Cristo, 1896, F. Clements jj^ (type) ; Marshall Pass, 1901, C. F. Baker ^8 g. Homalobus decurrens sp. nov. Perennial with a rootstock, somewhat cespitose ; stems erect, 3—4 dm. high, slightly strigose and angled, stipules lanceolate, free, about 5 mm. long, strigose ; leaves 1-1.5 dm. long with I i — 15 leaflets ; these 2-4 cm. long, linear-oblong to oblanceolate, spar- ingly strigose or glabrate above ; the terminal one usually larger, more or less decurrent on the rachis and without a definite node ; racemes slender, 1-1.5 dm. long, lax, 5— lo-flowered ; bracts subu- late; calyx-tube campanulate, about 2.5 mm. long, more or less 564 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora black-hairy ; teeth nearly 2 mm. long and subulate ; pod fully 2 cm. long and 3 mm. wide, sessile, linear, straight, glabrous. This species is nearest related to H. canipestris and H. hylo- philns ; but differs from both in the peculiarities of the terminal leaflets. It has broader and less hairy leaflets than the former and narrower and longer than the latter. It grows on hillsides. Colorado: Estes Park, 1895, G. E. Ostcrhoiit (ty^Q) ; also in I goo; Gray-Back Mining Camps, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland 5g6o. Ceanothus subsericeus sp. nov. A small shrub, apparently not spiny ; bark of the stems gray or brown ; of the twigs light gray and finely pubescent ; leaves short-petioled ; petioles 3-6 mm. long ; blades elliptic or elliptic- lanceolate, acute at both ends, 2-3 cm. long, more or less gland- ular-denticulate, 3-ribbed, sparingly strigose above, grayish-silky beneath ; umbels axillary and terminal ; peduncles 3- 10 mm. long ; pedicels 5-10 mm.; calyx about 3 mm. in diameter ; sepals semi-orbicular ; petals white, broadly spatulate, clawed, 1-5 mm. long ; fruit dark brown, about 4 mm. in diameter, slightly 3-lobed above. This species is intermediate between C. ovalis pubesccns and C. Fendleri. In habit it resembles most the latter, but differs in the denticulate leaves and in not being spiny. From the former in the smaller size, the silky, instead of villous, pubescence and the principally axillary umbels. C. subsericeus grows in the foothills at an altitude of about 1,800 m. Colorado : Larimer Co., 1895, /. //. dnven (type); "Colo- rado," 1874, G. C. Woolson. Sphaeralcea Crandallii sp. nov. Perennial, about 6 dm. high ; stem simple, sparingly stellate ; petioles 3-4 dm. long ; leaf-blades cordate in outline, 5-lobed, about 5 cm. in diameter ; lobes lanceolate, coarsely toothed ; in- florescence mostly terminal ; pedicels and calyx sparingly and finely stellate ; bractlets subulate, nearly equaling the lanceolate long-attenuate sepals; petals white or nearly so, about 2.5 cm. long, cuneate and slightly emarginate ; fruit not known. This resembles a small 5. rivularis, but differs in the long bractlets and the lanceolate sepals. It grows at an altitude of about 2,000 m. Colorado: Steamboat Springs, 1894, Craiidall gj. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 565 Sphaeralcea grandiflora sp. nov. A meter or two hi^^h ; stem glabrous below, stellate above ; petioles of the lower leaves 1—2 dm. long ; blades cordate or reniform in outline, maple-like, 9—15 cm. wide, deeply 5— 7-lobed ; lobes lanceolate or triangular, coarsely toothed with triangular teeth ; flowers in small axillary clusters, but at the end of the stem the subtending leaves become diminished and the inflorescence resembles a congested panicle ; pedicels and calyx densely hirsute- pubescent with long stellate hairs, the branches of which are 1—2 mm. long ; bractlets lanceolate, about half as long as the tri- angular-ovate, acute or somewhat acuminate sepals ; petals pink- ish, 3 cm. or more long ; fruit spherical, and deeply retuse at the apex ; carpels membranous, smooth on the sides and bristly on the back, rounded at the apex ; seeds reniform, brown, muricate. A close ally of 6". riviilaris, but differs in the larger flowers, the broader bractlets, the long hairs of the calyx, the usually blunter leaves and more rounded carpels. It grows at an altitude of 2,200-2,800 m. Colorado: Mesa Verde, 1901, F. K. li'ccland S82 (type); west of Ouray, 1901, Undcrivood & Sclby igo^ (in fruit). Touterea laciniata sp. nov. Biennial or short-lived perennial ; stems 3-4 dm. high, white, puberulent, strict, in age branched ; leaves narrowly lanceolate in outline, 5— 10 cm. long, deeply pinnatifid to near the midrib ; sinuses rounded or nearly semi-rhombic ; lobes oblong to lance- olate, obtuse : flowers usually bracted by 1-2 laciniate bracts ; sepals about i cm. long, lanceolate with a subulate tip, soon reflexed ; petals golden yellow i 5-20 mm. long, short-clawed ; blades oblanceolate, acute ; staminodia similar and imitating another set of petals ; filaments nearly filiform, 3/^ as long as the petals. This species is closely related to T. spcciosa, but differs in the deeply dissected leaves and more slender stem. In general habit it resembles somewhat T. miiltiflora, for which it has been mis- taken ; but that species has broader, obtuse petals, more dilated filaments, and more diverging branches. T. laciniata grows on dry hillsides at an altitude of 1,500-2,200 m. Colorado: Pagosa Springs, 1 899, ij^'/Cvr /70 (type) ; Durango, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy 496 ; Cafion City, 1900, Osterhout ; Antonito, 1898, Earlc. 566 Rydkerg : Rockv Mountain flora Touterea sinuata sp. no v. A decumbent biennial, 3-4 dm. high ; stems stout, white, pubescent, much branched; lower leaves 10—15 cm. long, lanceo- late or oblanceolate, tapering at the base, sinuately lobed or dentate ; lobes or teeth broadly triangular, but often obtusish ; upper leaves broadly lanceolate, or even ovate, sessile and cuneate or rounded at the base ; flowers numerous, usually with 1-2 linear bracts ; sepals lanceolate, tapering into a subulate tip, soon re- flexed, about 8 mm. long ; petals golden yellow, 15-20 mm. long; oblanceolate, acute ; staminodia similar ; filament slightly dilated ; capsule 2.5-3 cm. long, 7-8 mm. thick; seeds winged, about 3 mm. This species is also a close relative of T. speciosa, differing in the decumbent, branched habit and the broad leaves. The type grew in a caiion at an altitude of about 1,800 m. Colorado: Boulder, i^gt^, Rydbcrg. Acrolasia gracilis sp. nov. Annual, 3—5 dm. high, at first simple, but later branching ; leaves 5- 10 cm. long, deeply pinnatifid to near the midrib ; rachis and lobes 2-3 mm. wide ; the latter oblong or lanceolate, obtuse ; floral leaves lanceolate, sessile, pinnatifid or toothed, rarely entire; sepals lanceolate, 4—5 mm. long ; petals obovate, 6-7 mm. long, strongly striate ; capsule sessile, linear-cylindric, 2.5—3 cm. long and about 2 mm. thick ; seeds more or less prismatic, muricate. This is Nuttall's TracliypJiytuni gracilc, a specimen of which is in the Columbia University herbarium. The species was never published, however. The name appears only as a synonym under Mc)it:;clia albicaidis in Torrey and Gray's Flora, i : 534. I think, however, that it is well distinct from A. albicaidis or Bartonia albicaidis Hook. The latter is characterized by the smaller petals, only 3-4 mm. long ; the middle and upper leaves are often entire or with an entire lower and upper portion and only with a few lobes in the middle. In Hooker's type specimen the leaf-lobes are very {&\n and Urban and Gilg confused it with A. integrifolia, claiming that Mcntzclia dispcrsa Wats, (which is the same as A. integrifolia) is the typical form of Mentselia albicaidis. A. in- tegrifolia (Wats.) Rydb. and A. compacta (A. Nels.) Rydb. are, however, easily distinguished from the other species by the short linear-oblong, obtuse sepals, only V^ as long as the petals, and by RVDBEKG : ROCKV MOUNTAIN FLORA 567 the seeds, which are apparently smooth, the fine murication being seen only under a strong lens. A. gracilis grows in sandy soil, on hillsides and in river bottoms at an altitude of 1,500—2,500 m. Colorado: Foothills, Larimer County, 1895, y. H. Co%ven (type); Ridge below Tobe Miller's, Coivcii ; Salida, 1898, Baker, Earlc &• Tracy i ^ (in part) ; mesas near Pueblo, 1900, Rydbcrg &- Vreelaiid 386^. Wyoming : Fort Steele, 1901, Tivecdy 437 j and ^j^-f. Idaho: Common, \'ic)2, Isabel Mnlford. "Oregon" : Nuttall's specimens of Trachyphytiiin gracile. Acrolasia latifolia sp. nov. Stout annual, 3-5 dm. high, branched ; leaves sessile, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed or entire, 5—10 cm. long, 2—3 cm, wide; sepals lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long; petals obovate- spatulate, about 5 mm. long; capsule linear, cylindric, 2.5-3 cm. long, about 2.5 mm. thick, sessile; seeds prismatic, muriculate. This has been mistaken for A. integrifolia on account of its broad, merely toothed leaves, but the sepals and seeds place it in the A. albicaulis group and nearest the preceding and A. cteno- pliora. It grows on hills at an altitude of 1,200—2,400 m. Colorado : Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, 1902, Tiveedy 514^ (type); Boulder, 1901, Osterhont 2471 ; Larimer County, 1895, Cozven. Epilobium ovatifolium sp, nov. Plant 2-6 dm. high, propagating by turions ; stem glabrous except the decurrent lines which are more or less crisp-hairy, especially above ; leaves sessile or nearly so, ovate or ovate-lan- ceolate and acute, or the lowest oval and obtuse, 3-4 cm. long, entire or denticulate, glabrous ; petals purple or rarely rose, 5—7 mm. long; pods 5-6 cm. long, i>. 5-2 mm. in diameter, sessile, more or less crisp and glandular hairy ; seed a little over i mm. long, abruptly contracted above, but without neck ; coma white, about 6 mm. long. The type specimens are labeled E. Horneniafinii Reichenb. which it resembles somewhat in general habit ; but that species propagates in an altogether different way and the leaves are more or less petioled. The present species is more closely related to E. brevistylnui and E. glandulosuni. It differs from the former 568 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora mainly in the seeds, which lack the hyaline neck characteristic of that species. From E. glandulosiini it is separated by the smaller size of the plant and of the flower, and by the light green leaves, which lack the coarse toothing of that species. It may also be con- fused with E. adenocaiilou, but that species has smaller and lighter flowers, propagates by leafy rosettes and has usually distinct although short petioles. E. ovatifolium grows in wet places, espe- cially in springs, in the mountains of Colorado and Utah at an alti- tude of 2,300-3,800 m. Colorado: Near Empire, i?>g2, Pattcrsoti 20^ (type); Red Mountain, 1901, Underivood & Selhy 2gy ; Bob Creek, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy 8 j^ ; Ironton Park, 1901, Underivood & Selby jojb ; Columbine, 1901, Tweedy 44.2^; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland jS^y. Utah : "Southern Utah," 1877, Palmer is§. Epilobium rubescens sp. nov. Stem 3-4 dm. high, strict and simple, often more or less red- dish, glabrous below, crisp-hairy above and more or less on the decurrent lines ; leaves 3—4 cm. long, perfectly sessile, lanceolate, rounded at the base, denticulate, very acute, slightly crisp-hairy beneath when young ; petals white, about 4 mm. long ; pods 4—5 cm. long and 1.5 mm. thick, more or less crisp-pubescent ; seeds without neck, brownish, smooth, about i mm. long ; coma white, 5-6 mm. long. This species is perhaps most closely related to E. adenocaulon, but differs in the perfectly sessile leaves and simpler habit. It grows in wet places up to an altitude of 2,700 m. Colorado : Pagosa Springs, 1899, Baker {\.y^&)\ Middle Park, 1892, Beardslee. Epilobium stramineum sp. nov. Stem 5—6 dm. high, simple, light and more or less straw-col- ored, glabrous below, more or less pubescent and somewhat glandular in the inflorescence ; leaves sessile, light green, lanceo- late, tapering at both ends, denticulate, 4-5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, very acute ; petals white, 4-5 mm. long ; pod 4-5 cm. long and I mm. wide, more or less crisp and glandular ; seeds light- brown, without a neck ; coma white. This has been taken for E. Driimuiondii, but the type of that species has narrow, almost linear leaves, and is seldom over 3 dm. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 569 high. E. strainiiiL'iiin grows at an altitude of 2,400—3,200 m. in the mountains of Colorado, while the range of E. Dnnniiiondii ex- tends further north. Colorado : Idaho Springs, 1905, Rydberg (type); Pagosa Peak, 1899, Baker ^8 J ; Sangre de Cristo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Bessey j8^S ; Chicken Creek, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy j^i. Epilobium Palmeri sp. nov. Perennials propagating by turions or occasionally with more leafy rosettes ; stem 4-6 dm. high, branched, glandular pilose, nearly terete, usually reddish or brownish ; leaves sessile or nearly so, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the base, acute, denticulate, 3—4 cm. long, more or less pubescent ; petals pink or light purple, about 5 mm. long ; pod 4-6 cm. long, 1.5 mm. thick; seeds brown, more or less papillose, without a beak ; coma white or in age somewhat tawny, 6-8 mm. long. The type was named E^. tetragonuni L., which species is not found in the United States. It resembles much E. brevistyhim and E. ovatifoluiin in habit, but is characterized by the pubescent stem and leaves. Utah : " South Utah," E. Pa/iner ij6 (type in herb. Columbia University). Idaho : Moscow, 1900, L. R. Abraiiis 8-/.8. Montana: Camp Glazier, 1901, Uvibach j2j. Colorado : Tobe Miller's Ranch, 1897, A. Ery. Gayophytum intermedium sp. nov. Profusely branched glabrous annual ; stem white and shining, with more or less peeling bark, 3-7 dm. high, erect; leaves linear or nearly so, light green ; sepals about 1.5 mm. long, soon spread- ing or reflexed, yellowish; petals 1.5—2.5 mm. long, ro.se with yellow base ; capsule 8—12 mm. long, nearly twice as long as the reflexed pedicel, somewhat clavate and torulose, somewhat strigose when young; seeds 1.75 mm. long, glabrous. This species is intermediate between E. dijfusnin and E. raino- sissiiimm in some respects. The flowers approach the latter more in size but the former in coloration. The pod is comparatively longer than in either. In both it is scarcely longer than the pedicels. E. intermedium grows in sandy soils in Colorado at an altitude of 1,500-3,000 m. 570 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Colorado: Ouray, 1901, Uiuierivood & Selby igj (type) ; mountains between Sunshine and Ward, 1902, 1 weedy jogz ; near Boulder, jop/ ; Chamber's Lake, 1899, and i^C)6, Baker ; Veta Pass, 1900, Rydberg & Vreelaiid j86o ; Ward, 1901, Osterhout 2^60; Caribou, 1891, Penard 122 ; Empire, \^g2, Patterson 208. Wyoming : West De Lacy's Creek, 1 899, Aven & PJias Nelson ; Headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, 1900, Tweedy 364.0; Dayton, 1899, Tweedy 26og ; Biscuit Geyser Basin, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4578. Anogra cinerea sp. nov. Branched perennial, stem 3-4 dm. high, whitish, cinereous, strigose when young ; leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly subsessile, 3-5 cm. long, sinuate-dentate or denticulate, cinereous ; calyx glabrous or sparingly long-hairy, acuminate ; tips free and rather long; petals 15-18 mm. long; pods divergent at right angles to the stem, 3—3.5 cm. long, almost straight. This species is nearest related to Anogra latifolia {Oenothera pallida latifolia Rydb.), but differs in the almost glabrous not cinereous cal)'x and the narrower leaves. Colorado : Between Bent's Fort and Pueblo, 1885, Fremont 2J4 (type in herb. Columbia University); Denver, 1895, Paunnel 202. South Dakota: Banks of Cheyenne River, 1891, T. A. Williams. Wyoming: St. Antony, 1901, Merrill & Wilcox 8 j6 {this with more hairy calyx). Anogra Vreelandii sp. nov. Perennial ; stem erect, strict, 3—5 dm. high, white and shining ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, about 5 cm. long, short-petioled or the upper sessile, glabrous, except occasionally strigose-ciliate on the margins, sinuate-dentate ; calyx sparingly hairy, acute ; the tips free but very short ; petals about 2 cm. long, obcordate, white turning pink ; pod cylindric, divergent at right angles or refle.xed, usually somewhat curved upwards. The species is a close relative of A. pallida, but differs in the silky hairy calyx, the very short calyx-tips and the darker green foliage. It grows at an altitude of about 1800 m. Colorado: McElmo Caiion, 1901, J^eeland 861. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 571 Pachylophus hirsutus sp. nov. Cespitose, almost acaulescent perennial ; leaves oblanceolate in outline, 1—2 dm. long, more or less petioled, runcinate-pinnately lobed or divided, hirsute-villous, especially on the margins and the veins; teeth or lobes acute; hypanthium 8—12 cm. long, slender, widening upward, conspicuously hirsute, at the throat 1-1.5 cm. wide ; sepals lanceolate, 3—4 cm. long, soon reflexed ; petals ob- cordate, 3—4 cm. long ; pod 4—5 cm. long, lance-ovoid, about i cm. in diameter, sessile; ridges low and rounded, slightly if at alt tubercled. In general habit, this species resembles most P. viacroglottis and P. inarginatiis. From the former it differs in the hairy hy- panthium and calyx, the more hairy leaves and the longer and less tubercled fruit. From the latter it is distinguished by the sessile pod and always subacaulescent habit. P. hirsutus grows at an altitude of 2,200-3,000 m. Colorado: Georgetown, 1895, Rydberg (type); mountains between Sunshine and Ward, 1902, Tweedy sogjf. ; South Park, 1872, Wolf IJ2 ; Ruxton, 1896, Clements 21 j ; Pike's Peak, 1896, Shear jyij ; Mancos, \d>gS, Baker, Earle & Traey i^i , Georgetown, 1885, Patterson; vicinity of Como, 1895, Cowcn ; also 1896, Shear 4J76 ; Empire, 1893, Bethel; Como, 1895, Crandall 8 ; Pennock, \^g6, Crandall 10. Utah: Salt Lake City, 1880, M. E.Jones 1746; Diamond Valley, 1902, Gooding 840. Pachylophus caulescens sp. nov. More or less caulescent perennial ; stem 1-2 dm. high, angled, leaves with the long petioles about 2 dm. long ; blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, about 3 cm. wide, pubescent on the margins and veins, sinuately dentate with a few lobes on the petiole ; hy- panthium about 9 cm. long, glabrous, at the throat nearly 1.5 cm. wide ; petals about 2.5 cm. long, obovate ; pod sessile, about 3 cm. long, lance-ovoid with rounded low ridges. In habit the species resembles P. exiniins, but that species has a hirsute hypanthium and calyx and the ridges of the fruit with almost foliaceous crests. Colorado: Palisades, 1894, Crandall 12 (ty^Q in herb. Col- umbia University). 572 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Gaura coloradensis sp. nov. Herbaceous, biennial or perennial with fusiform root ; stem 5—7 dm. high, strict, but somewhat branched, finely strigose, more or less red ; leaf-blades narrowly oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, gradually tapering below into a short petiole, or the upper sessile, callous-denticulate, finely strigose ; inflorescence slender and rather lax, 1.5-2 dm. long ; hypanthium about 2 cm. long, finely strigose ; sepals about i cm., linear-lanceolate, reflexed ; petals about 8 mm. long, spatulate, pink, short-clawed ; filaments about equaling the petals ; anthers brown, about 4 mm. long ; fruit 8—10 mm. long, fusiform, 4-angled, tapering below into a short and rather slender stipe-like base. In habitat and pubescence this species resembles most G. PitcJi- cri, but the leaves are oblanceolate instead of lanceolate and the fruit is that of G. simiata. G. coloradensis grows in meadows at an altitude of about 1,500 m. Colorado : Fort Collins, 1S95, Coivc n {ty^Q); east of College, 1897, CraJidall IJ08 ; east of Poudre, 1895, Cowen i6j2. Suida interior sp. nov. Cornus Bailcyi Coult. & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15 : ^^j, in part. 1890. A shrub 2—5 m. high ; bark of the old stems grayish, of the young shoots brownish ; young shoots, petioles and inflorescence densely pubescent with short villous hairs ; leaves elliptic or oval, acute at both ends, 5—9 cm. long, finely short-strigose on both sides and more or less villous on the veins and in their angles be- neath ; hypanthium strigose ; sepals minute, about 0.5 mm. long or less ; petals linear-lanceolate, about 4 mm. long ; fruit white, about 5 mm. in diameter ; stone elliptic, slightly oblique, longer than broad, nearly smooth. This species was included in the original description of Cornus Baileyi, but is quite different from the type thereof from the lake- shores of Michigan. This has conspicuous sepals and has a more flattened stone, channeled on the edge and with square shoulders. In reality, 5. interior is much more closely related to S. stolon- ifera {Cornus stolonifera Michx.), especially the western variety described below, but differs in the villous pubescent instead of sparingly strigose twigs and inflorescence. In .S". stolonifera and its variety the stone is usually broader than long and very oblique. S. interior grows on river banks west of Mississippi River. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 573 Nebraska: Dismal River, 1893, Rydberg 14^4 (type); St. James, 1893, Clcnunis 2626 ; Pine Ridge, 1889, Webber ; Cedar Island, 1854, Haydeu. South Dakota : Piedmont and Little Elk Creek, 1892, Ryd- berg yjs ; Cobbs Creek, 1894, T. A. Williams. Colorado: Merker, 1902, Osterhotit 2602; Walsenburg, 1896, Shear ^yy^. ; Cafion City, 1896, Clei)icuts loi. Wyoming: Dayton, 1899, Tiveedy 26^1 2X\^ 26^2. Suida stolonifera riparia var. nov. Leaves usually oval or elliptic, acute, thinner, lighter green and less pale beneath than in the eastern type ; bark on young twigs brownish ; sepals and fruit smaller. In the field this variety looks very unlike the eastern 5. stolonifera. It grows as a high bush on river banks and is as far as I know not stoloniferous. In the eastern plant the leaves are comparatively thick, darker green above and very pale beneath, and the young shoots bright red. The plant of the interior may represent a distinct species, but on account of the lack of good diagnostic characters it is perhaps better to regard it at present as a variety of the eastern plant. The variety is the only form found in the region of the Rockies and the Great Plains. It is common from Manitoba, the Mackenzie River, to Alaska and south to Nebraska, Colorado and Arizona ; as the type may be designated : Colorado: Crystal Creek, \Q)0\, Baker 2^^ . Aletes obovata sp. nov. Cespitose, glabrous, acaulescent perennial with deep tap-root ; leaves 1—2 dm. long, pinnate with 4-5 pairs of leaflets ; these broadly obovate, 1—2 cm. long, more or less cleft and toothed with short ovate teeth, strongly veined beneath ; scapes 1-3 dm. high, round-angled and striate ; bracts none ; branches of the umbel 2—2.5 cm. long in fruit; bractlets lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, reflexed in age ; pedicels very short or obsolete ; flowers yellow ; calyx-teeth prominent, in fruit .5-75 mm. long ; fruit 5-6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. in diameter; ribs rather thick; oil-tubes I in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, rather large ; seed-face only slightly concave. This species has been confused with the closely related A. acaiilis, which is easily distinguished by its rhombic, deeply cut 574 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora leaflets with lanceolate, acuminate lobes and smaller fruit about 4 mm. long. CoLORAr30 : Near Morrison, 1889, Greene (type, in mature fruit, in herb. Columbia University) ; Golden, 1892, Crandali {\n flower); Lower Boulder Canon, 1901, Osterhout 2^jj (in young fruit). Phellopterus camporum sp. nov. Perennial with a deep-seated thick tap-root ; leaves twice to thrice pinnatifid, petioled, pale-green ; petioles 4—7 cm. long ; ulti- mate divisions oblong, obtusish, 3—6 mm. long ; peduncles 5—20 cm. long, usually exceeding the leaves; involucres of white hya- line bracts ; branches of umbel about 2 cm. long in fruit ; bractlets orbicular, 5-7 mm. long, with greenish center and broad white hyaline border, 7—1 3 nerved ; pedicels short, in fruit only 3—5 mm. long ; flowers white ; fruit with the very broad wings 10-13 mm. long and 9-1 1 mm. wide ; oil-tubes 3—4 in the intervals, G—y on the commissure ; seed flattened with broadly concave face. The specimens has been determined as P. purpurascens East- woodiae, but it is evidently well distinct from that as shown by a duplicate of the type in the herbarium of the N. Y. Botanical Garden ; the bractlets are larger and many-nerved, the flowers white and the fruit is longer than in the variety mentioned. It grows on dry mesas at an altitude of 1,500—16,00 m. Colorado : Pueblo, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland 38 2 § (type, in flower) and 582^ (in fruit). Pseudocymopterus montanus mutifidus var. nov. Low, about 2 dm. high ; lower leaflets broadly rhombic in out- line, thrice pinnate ; the upper twice pinnate ; ultimate divisions linear; fruit smaller and more rounded. On high mountains, at an altitude of 2,700—3,600 m. New Mexico : Range between Sapello and Pecos rivers, 1900, Cockerell. Colorado: Ironton, 1899, C. C. Curtis; Cumberland Basin, 1898, Baker, Earlc cr Tracy 6ig ; West Indian Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vreeland 5jg8 ; Ironton Park, Underivood & Selby 358. Pseudocymopterus aletifolius sp. nov. Densely cespitose acaulescent glabrous perennial with a very thick root and short caudex, covered by the broad striate bases of RVDHERG : ROCKV MOUNTAIN FLORA 575 dead leaves ; leaves once or twice pinnate, dark green, glabrous, stiff and shining, 1-2 dm. long ; petioles about equaling the blades, striate ; leaf-segments obovate to rhombic-cuneate, deeply cleft; lobes usually 3 -toothed with lanceolate acuminate teeth; scapes I — 1.5 dm. long; involucres lacking; branches of the umbel very unequal, in fruit 1—5 cm. long; bractlets linear-sub- ulate, 4-5 mm. long ; pedicels also very unequal, in fruit 1—8 mm. long ; sepals conspicuous, in fruit 1-2 mm. long ; flowers yellow ; fruit 5-6 mm. long, 2.5—3 "I'ti. wide; lateral wings evident but rather narrow ; dorsal ribs acute or slightly winged ; seed flat- tened and with somewhat concave face ; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals. This species is evidently most closely related to P. aiiisnt7is, but easily distinguished by the very unequal branches of the umbel, the longer, usually less winged fruit and especially by the leaves, which (although much firmer) resemble closely those of Alctcs acaulis. The plant evidently connects the two genera Aletcs and Psciidocyinoptents. The fruit of the present species is also intermediate between A. acaulis and P. anisatus, and were it not for the flatness of the seed and the lateral wings of the fruit, it might have been referred to Alctcs. It grows in the mountains of which Pike's Peak is the center, at an altitude of 2,000—2,600 m.. Colorado: Minnehaha, 1901, Clemoits g^ (type); same local- ity, 1895, E. A. Bessey ; North Cheyenne Cafion, 1895, E. A. Besscy,zx\A 1892, C. S. Sheldon; South Cheyenne Canon, 1900, Rydbcrg &• Vrccland jSif; ; Cheyenne Mountain, 1892, Alice East- wood; Manitou, 1900, Clements; Ruxton, 1896, Clements 211 ; Halfway House, 1896, Shear jyog (Rydberg & Vreeland's speci- mens are in flower, the others in fruit). CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 62 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XIII By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1904 [From the Bullbtim of the Tokbby Botanical Ciatb, 31 : 631-666. D«c«mber, 1004] [FiDiri the I!ulleiin of ihf. Toukf.v lUriANiCAi. Ci.i'i?, 31 : 631-655. December, 1904.] Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XIII T. , n LIBRARY Pkr Axel Rydberg ^,, NEW YORK Dodecatheon multiflorum sp. nov. botanical Plant glabrous, perennial with a very short caudex and cIu^pA*^ of fibrous roots ; leaves about 2 dm. long, sinuate-denticulate, ob- tusish, narrowly oblanceolate, tapering below into a short petiole ; scape stout 3-4 dm. high ; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long ; flowers 10-20; the longer pedicels often over i dm. long; calyx- tube 5—6 mm. long, more or less turbinate at the base ; lobes lanceolate, about 5 mm. long ; corolla bluish violet, paler in the throat but without any markings ; lobes oblong, obtuse ; filament- tube obsolete ; anthers narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute, 7-8 mm. long ; connective narrow, lance-subulate, with a longitudinal groove, but not rugose; capsule about 12 mm. long, cylindric- ovoid, septicidal. In habit this species resembles D. radicatiini and D. paiicifioritnc, but differs in the stamens, which are almost without a filament- tube. In river valleys at an altitude of 2400—2700 m. Colorado : Sangre de Cristo Creek, 1900, Rydberg & Vrcclaud 57S1. Wyoming : Elk Mountains, 1899, Little & Stanton. Dodecatheon radicatum sinuatum var. nov. Leaves more elongated than in the type, oblong, rarely elliptic, sinuate, thm. Colorado: Foothills, Larimer County, 1890, Crandalt [iy^y^); Buena Vista, 1892, C. S. Sheldon ; Fort Collins, 1896, Baker. Gentianella dementis sp. nov. Annual, usually more or less branched, 2-4 dm. high ; stem sharply angled ; internodes usually longer than the leaves ; these 3-6 cm. long, the basal ones spatulate, the cauline ones lanceolate, acuminate, truncate or even subcordate at the base, sessile ; pedun- cles 1—4 from the axils of the leaves, more or less elongated 1-6 cm. long ; sepals linear, acute, usually very unequal in length, the longer often ~/^ as long as the blue or greenish-yellow corolla ; corolla 15-18 mm. long; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute. 631 ^•32 RvDDERG : RocKV Mountain flora This belongs to the Aiiiarclla group of Gcntiana and is perhaps most nearly related to G. plebeja, which, however, has shorter ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse stem-leaves, lower stem and shorter and more nearly equal calyx-lobes. G. dementis grows in the mountains from South Dakota and Montana to Colorado and Arizona. As the type I regard the following : Colorado: Minnehaha, 1901, Clements 2 j :;. Frasera speciosa stenosepala var. nov. Usually with very numerous flowers ; sepals narrowly linear, some of them usually equaling or exceeding the petals ; petals large, about 15 mm. long or more; floral leaves very long and narrow. In the mountains and foothills of Colorado and Wyoming. As the type may be regarded : Colorado : Foothills, Larimer County, 1895, Coxvcn. Frasera speciosa angustifolia var. nov. Low, 3—4 dm. high ; basal leaves very short; stem-leaves nar- rowly linear-lanceolate ; floral leaves, except the lower, shorter than the branches of the inflorescence ; petals rather small, about I 2 mm. long. On dry hillsides from Montana to Colorado. As the type may be regarded : Montana: Lima, 1895, Shear jj6g. Gilia scariosa sp. nov. Perennial with a tap-root; stems one to several, simple, strict, 3-6 dm. high, glandular-puberulent throughout ; leaves numerous, alternate, pinnatifid with linear-filiform spinulose-tipped divisions, more or less white-villous when young, glandular-puberulent ; inflorescence a narrow, strict, interrupted thyrsus ; branches very short, few-flowered ; calyx-tube about 6 mm. long, puberulent, scarious except the green angles ; teeth short, broadly rounded- ovate, abruptl}^ contracted into a subulate acumination ; corolla pink, 3-4 cm. long ; tube narrow, very gradually broadening upwards ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 8 mm. long ; stamens very unequally inserted ; capsule obovoid, about i cm. long. This is closely related to G. aggregata, but differs in the scari- ous calyx with short, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate lobes. The lobes of the corolla are also acute rather than acuminate. The Rydbekg : Rocky Mountain flora 633 species is common in Colorado, in open valleys. It was first col- lected by James in Long's expedition ; but James' specimen in the Torrey herbarium is a mere scrap. I have therefore selected as the type a better specimen, viz. : Colorado: Veta Pass, 1896, C. L. Shear jj^o. Gilia spergulifolia sp. nov. Gi/ia congcsta crcbrifolia Wats, King's Exp. 5 : 268, in part. 1 87 1. Not G. crcbrifolia Nutt. Low perennial, more or less woody at the base, more or less cespitose ; flowering branches 5-10 cm. high, more or less pu- bescent with white, crisp hairs or puberulent ; leaves linear-fili- form, entire or the upper rarely with 1-2 similar lobes, tipped with a pungent point ; flowers in capitate clusters, which are usually on naked peduncles ; bracts similar to the leaves but smaller ; calyx villous with short subulate pungent teeth ; corolla 4-5 mm. long, white ; lobes oblong, obtuse, a little over 1 mm. long. This has been mistaken for G. crcbrifolia Nutt., but that species has much shorter fleshy leaves and vei)' short copiously leafy flowering stems. It is nearer related to G. ibcridifolia, from which it differs in the entire leaves and soHtary heads ending the branches. Wyoming: Headwaters of Tongue River, 1898, Tweedy f,'j6 (type). Colorado: Arbolcs, x'^o^c^, r>oker f,^^. Utah: Bear River Vallc\-, 1869, Watson gij. Gilia roseata sp. nov. Perennial with a woody base, cespitose ; flowering branches about I dm. high, purple-tinged, more or less villous or crisp- hair}' ; leaves pinnatifid with linear-filiform pungent-pointed lobes, about 2 cm. long ; flowers capitate at the ends of the leafy branches ; bracts similar, shorter, rose-tinged aiid more villous ; calyx also very pubescent and rose-tinged ; lobes subulate and spinulose-pointed ; corolla about 8 mm. long ; its lobes 4-5 nun. long, elliptic, obtuse. This species is nearly related to G. iberidifoha, but differs in the larger flowers (in G. iberidifolia the corolla-lobes are rarely over 2 mm. long), the rose-colored bracts, purplish stem and more solitary heads. Colorado : Grand Junction, 1892, Alice h.asiivocd. 634 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Gilia polyantha sp. nov. Perennial with a short woody base ; stems several, 3-4 dm. high, striate and simple up to the inflorescence, glandular-puber- ulent ; leaves 3—4 cm. long, pinnatifid, glabrous or with a few- white hairs ; lobes linear-filiform, pungent-pointed ; flowers nu- merous in a narrow thyrsus ; calyx campanulate, about 5 mm. long, more or less scarious at the sinuses ; lobes broadly ovate- triangular, abrubtly cuspidate-pungent ; corolla white, about I cm. long, funnelform-salvershaped ; lobes about 5 mm. long, lance- oblong, obtusish ; filaments about equaling the corolla-lobes, somewhat incurved. This has been mistaken for G. uuiltiflora Nutt., but is more closely related to G. Afacojubii Torr., differing mainly in the shorter corolla and shorter pubescence. Colorado : Pagosa Springs, 1 899, Ba/ar SjS. Gilia Tweedyi sp. nov. Annual, branched, 2-4 dm. high ; stem and branches glandu- lar-puberulent, especially the upper part ; leaves 2-3 cm. long, pinnatifid, with lanceolate cuspidate lobes ; flowers paniculate ; pedicels 1-8 mm. long ; calyx about 3 mm. long, scarious between the green ribs ; lobes lanceolate ; corolla funnelform, about 4 mm. long, bluish ; capsule ovoid, about 4 mm. long. This species is related to G. iiiconspicua and G. miinitijlora. From the former it differs in the smaller corolla, of which not only the corolla-tube but also the throat is included in the calyx ; from the latter it differs in the pinnatifid leaves. G. Ticccdyi grows in river bottoms and on sandy soil, at an altitude of looc— 2200 m. Wyoming: Encampment, Carbon County, igoi, Tzvccdy ^422 (type); between Sheridan and Buffalo, 1900, Tivcedy j;^8 1 ; Fort Steele, 1901, Tzvcedy 4421 ; also, 1898, Avcn Nelson 4S02. Gilia Crandallii sp. nov. Perennial with a woody tap-root ; stem 3-5 dm. high, spaiingl\' puberulent, glandular above, rather stout, much branched ; basal leaves 3—10 cm. long, spatulate or oblanceolate, serrate or pinna- tely lobed, with lanceolate teeth or lobes ; lower stem-leaves often similar; the upper narrower and usually entire ; caly.x glandular, about 5 mm. long ; teeth lanceolate, scarious-margined ; corolla salvershaped, about 15 mm. long, rose color; tube about i mm. RvDBEKG : Rocky Mountain flora 635 wide below, about 2 mm. at the throat ; lobes oblong-spatulate, acutish ; capsule about 5 mm. long, acute. This has been mistaken for G. Hajdeiii, but that species is a much more slender plant with shorter calyx, scarcely scarious- margined lobes, minute subulate stem-leaves and shorter (3.5 mm. long) obtuse capsule. It is more closely related to G. sttbiuida, but differs in the branched stems and the finer and sparser pube- scence. It growls in dry soil, especially on "sage-plains," at an altitude of 1900-2 100 m. Colorado: Durango, 1898, Craiidall 20S3 (type) and 20^0; also 1896, Tzveedy 4-4-8 ; Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earlc &- Tracy 404; also 1 90 1, VreelaiidSSj. Polemonium robustum sp. nov. Perennial with a woody caudex ; stem 4-10 dm. high, more or less short-villous and above glandular; leaves 6-10 cm. long, glandular-pubescent; leaflets 11-17, lanceolate or lance-oblong, acute, 1.5-2.5 cm. long ; the upper confluent and decurrent on the rachis ; inflorescence much branched and corymbiform, but the main axis usually overtopping the branches ; calyx glandular-villous, 7—8 mm. long; lobes lanceolate; corolla rose or purplish, 12-15 mm. high ; lobes rounded and obtuse. This species is a close relative to /'. foliosissivinm, but differs in the large flowers and the more conical or obovoid inflorescence. It grows in the mountains of Colorado, especiall}' along streams, at an altitude of 2400-3000 m. Colorado: Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains, 1898, Baker, Earlc & Tracy 2J4 (type) ; Keblar Pass, 1901, Baker jg6 ; Clear Creek Caiion, 1 885, Patterson 104; Sangre de Cristo Creek, 1900, Rydlnfg & Vreeland SJiS ; Veta Pass, 1900, Rydbcrg & Vrecla)id jjij. Polemonium Grayanum sp. nov. Perennial with a cespitose rootstock ; stems about i dm. high, glandular-villous ; leaves 3-5 cm. long, glandular-villous ; leaflets at least of the basal leaves more or less verticillate, obovate or spatulate, 2—6 mm. long, obtuse ; calyx about 18 mm. long, villous with white hairs ; lobes linear-lanceolate ; corolla about 2 cm. long, campanulate-funnelform with a wide tube ; lobes rounded. This species is nearest related to P. viscostiin Nutt., but is char- acterized by the long white hairs on the calyx. It grows on the 636 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora higher peaks of Colorado among rocks, at an altitude of 2700— 4000 m. Colorado: Gray's Peak, 1895, Rydberg (type); also 1886, Lettcnnan J2J ; Gvdiym.o\.\x\t, Lcttcnuaii j 22 ; Central City, 1869, Leiiille. Phacelia sericea ciliosa var. nov. Usually taller than the typical P. scricca, often 5 dm. high, not silvery, green ; pubescence very sparse and short, except some long silky hairs on the pedicels and lower portion of the stem. This variety has been mistaken for P. Lyallii and P. idalioensis. It has been confused with the first on account of the similar pubes- cence, but P. Lyallii is a much smaller plant and with less deeply dissected leaves. It resembles P. idahocnsis very closely in gen- eral habit, but in that species the stamens are only slightly ex- serted and the corolla smaller. The variety has the same range as the species, but grows usually at a lower altitude. As the type may be taken : Colorado: North of Merker, 1902, Ostcrlioiit 26ig. Lappula Besseyi sp. nov. Biennial ; stem 5-10 dm. high, hirsute, branched above ; lower leaves petioled, 6—15 cm. long; blades spatulate or oblanceolate, obtuse, hispidulous and hirsute on the veins ; upper leaves sessile, lanceolate ; inflorescence branched ; bracts small ; pedicels in fruit 4-5 mm. long, more or less reflexed ; corolla dark blue, scarcely over 1.5 mm. wide ; fruit about 3 mm. wide; marginal spines distinct and in one row ; back flat, spineless, but minutely hispidulous. In general habit this species resembles most L. fiorilunula, but is distinguished by the very small flowers and fruit. It grows in caiions at an altitude of about 2400 m. Colorado : Cheyenne Canon, 1895, E. A. Bcssry (type) ; also in 1896. Lappula angustata sp. nov. Biennial or short-lived perennial ; stem strict, hirsute, 6-S dm. high ; lower leaves petioled, 9-15 cm. long, strigose or hirsute on the petioles ; blades narrow, linear-oblanceolate, mostly acute ; stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile ; inflorescence with strongly ascending branches ; pedicels reflexed in fruit, about 5 mm. long ; corolla blue, about 4 mm. wide; fruit 4-5 mm. wide; marginal RVDBERG : ROCKV MOUNTAIN FLORA 637 prickles united l^-l4 their length into a distinct wing, the alter- nate ones usually much smaller; back slightly keeled, without prickdes, minutely hispidulous or glabrous. In habit this species also resembles L. fioribuiida, but is dis- tinguished by the narrow leaves and the united marginal prickles of the fruit. These characters would place it near L. scabci rivia, which, however, has a different pubescence. South Dakota: Oreville, 1902, Rydbcrg 8(^i (type). Colorado: La Veta, 1896, Shear j6^o. Oreocarya argentea sp. no v. Cespitose perennial ; stems 3—4 dm. high, hispid ; basal leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, obtuse, 5—6 cm. long, densely white- or yellowish-pubescent, partly with stiff bristle-like hairs, partly with fine hairs, but all strictly appressed ; stem-leaves oblanceolate, with the bristles more spreading ; inflorescence narrow and virgate ; cal}'x in fruit 8-10 mm. long, hispid; its lobes linear-lance- olate ; corolla white, less than 5 mm. long ; its tube included and limb 5—6 mm. wide; nutlets about 3.5 mm. long, papillose and with more or less distinct cross- ridges. This species is perhaps nearest related to O. scricca, which, however, is a much smaller plant and has mammillate-papillose nutlets without cross-ridges. It grows on dry hills in Colorado. Colorado: Rifle, Garfield County, 1900, OstcHioitt 2122. Oreocarya eulophus sp. nov. More or less cespitose perennial ; stem about 2 dm. high, hispid with yellowish hairs ; basal leaves numerous, spatulate, 4—5 cm. long, finely cinereous and appressed hispid ; stem-leaves oblanceolate, with the hispid hairs more spreading and often yellowish ; inflorescence a narrow and almost spikelike thyrsus ; calyx in fruit about 7 mm. long, yellowish hispid ; its lobes lance- olate ; corolla wdiite, 10-12 mm. long; tube exserted from the calyx ; limb about 5 mm. wide ; nutlets 4-5 mm. long, with irregular honeycomb-like crests. This species is a near relative of 0. fuivocaucscois and 0. cristata, but easily distinguished in fruit by its nutlets. It grows on gravelly hills at an altitude of 1800—2300 m. Colorado: Dolores, 1892. Cranda'I {ty^e) ; McCoy's, 1903, Ostei'hoiit 2jfio. Utah: Price, 1900, S'okcs. 638 RvDBERG : Rockv Mountaix flcira Mertensia picta sp. nov. Perennial, perfectly glabrous, except the hispidulous-ciliate margins of the leaves and calyx-lobes ; stem 3-5 dm. high, pale and somewhat bluish below, more or less angled ; lower leaves petioled ; blades oval or elliptic-ovate, 5-9 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, rounded or somewhat truncate at the base, finely pustu- late but not hairy on the surfaces, thin ; upper leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate and subsessile ; inflorescence leafy and with short branches ; pedicels and calyx more or less pustulate ; calyx-lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, in fruit nearly 2 mm. long, the back with a thickened pale spot ; corolla blue ; its tube 6-7 mm. long and 2-3 mm. wide ; throat and limb together 5-6 mm. long, the latter about 5 mm. wide ; filaments dilated, about 2 mm. long and wider than the anthers ; nutlets ovate in outline, strongly and irregularly reticulate-crested on the back. This is closely related to M. ciliata but distinguished by the pale-spotted and thickened cah'x-lobes. .Colorado: Estes Park, Larimer County, 1903, Ostcrliout 28 2 J (type); Mount Baldy, 1901, Clcmciiis 2SS. Mertensia polyphylla platensis xar. nov. Like the species, but the calyx-lobes linear, full)' 3 mm. long ; basal leaves large ; blades about i (im. long, cordate at the base and cuspidate at the apex. Along streams at an altitude of 3000 m. Colorado: Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains, 1898, Baker, Earlc &• Tracy iSo (in part). Mertensia alba sp. nov. Perennial ; stem pale, 6—8 dm. high, more or less branched ; lower leaves petioled, upper sessile ; blades lanceolate or elliptic- lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, glabrous beneath, his- pidulous-strigose above and on the margins ; pedicels and calyx strigose ; lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, about half as long as the tube of the white corolla ; corolla-tube about 8 mm. long, and 4 mm. wide ; throat and limb together of about the same length ; the latter 8-10 mm. wide; nutlets irregularly crested-tuberculated, and finely pubescent. This is a species of the M. panicidata group and nearest related to M. pi\rtcnsis, but it lacks the dense white pubescence of the calyx characterizing that species and the corolla in all specimens seen is white. Colorado; La Plata Ri\-cr, 1898, Baker, Earlc d- Tracy Sjj. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 639 Mertensia viridula sp. nov. Perennial with a cespitose rootstock ; stems slender, 2—3 dm. high, glabrous ; leaves glabrous beneath, hispid-strigose above ; the lower petioled, the upper sessile ; blades of the basal ones spatulate, obtuse ; those of the stem-leaves acute, elliptic, or the upper lanceolate ; pedicels strigose ; calyx glabrous, except the base and the margins of the lobes ; these broadly lanceolate, about 2.5 mm. long; corolla blue; tube about 4 mm. long; throat and limb of about the same length ; filaments broader than the anthers ; nutlets muricate and somewhat irregularly ridged. This species resembles M. viridis A. Nels. closely in habit, but the dilated conspicuous fila;ments associate it with M. lincarifolia and ]\I. ovata, from which it is distinguished by the broader calyx- lobes. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of 2700—3800 m. Colorado : North Cheyenne Canon, 1894, E. A. Bcsscy (tyy^€)\ West Spanish Peak, 1900, Rydberg & Vi'l eland ^68 j. Mertensia Parryi sp. nov. Perennial with a cespitose rootstock ; stems about 2 dm. high, glabrous ; leaves glabrous beneath, hispidulous-strigose above , only the basal ones petioled and spatulate ; stem-leaves sessile, lanceolate or oblanceolate, about 5 cm. long ; inflorescence small and short ; pedicels strigose ; calyx glabrous except the very base and the ciliate margins of the lobes ; these narrowly linear- lanceolate, about 3 mm. long ; tube of the blue corolla about 5 mm. long and about equaling the length of the throat and limb together ; limb about 8 mm. wide ; filaments evident but short, broader than the anthers. This species is nearest related to M. ovata Rydb., but differs in the narrower leaves and the comparatively longer corolla- limb. In M. ovata the tube is longer than the throat and limb together. M. Parryi grows in the higher mountains. Colorado : Alpine ridges lying east of Middle Park, Parry 2S6 (type); Estes Park, 1903, Osterhout 2848 ; Cameron Pass, 1896, Baker ; Alpine Tunnel, 1897, Shear j8j^. Mertensia perplexa sp. nov. Perennial with branched rootstock ; stem about 3 dm. high, glabrous; basal leaves spatulate, 4— 10 cm. long, petioled ; stem- leaves sessile ; the lower oblanceolate ; the upper ovate, glabrous beneath, minutely hispidulous-strigose above ; pedicels minutely 640 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora hispid-strigose ; the hairs with pustulate bases ; calyx glabrous except the ciliate margins of the lobes ; these oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse ; corolla blue, about 12 mm. long ; tube equaling the throat and limb ; the latter 7-8 mm. wide ; tube densely vil- lous at the base within ; anthers subsessile, inserted a little below the throat. This species is evidently nearest related to AT. alphia, notwith- standing the much larger size and erect habit. The corolla is almost twice as long as in that species. Colorado : Mountains south of Ward, Boulder County, 1901, Ostcrhojit 2^jg. Mertensia canescens sp. nov. Low and cespitose perennial with woody caudex ; stems about I dm. high, strigose ; leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, grayish strigose on both sides ; pedicels and calyx strigose ; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, about 2 mm. long, on the margin ciliate with longer hairs ; corolla blue, about 8 mm. long ; tube 1.5 mm. wide and about as long as the throat and the limb, the latter about 3 mm. wide ; anthers subsessile at the margin of the corolla-tube. Closely related to M. alpina, it is easily distinguished by the canescent and narrow leaves. It grows on the mountains at an altitude of 3360-3600 m. Colorado : Berthaud Pass, 1903, Tweedy ^66^ (typ^) 5 nioun- tains northwest of Como, 1895, Coiveii 1808. Stachys teucriformis sp. nov. Perennial, 4-6 dm. high ; stem round-angled, glandular-villous ; lower leaves short-petioled, the upper sessile ; blades oblong or oblong-ovate to ovate, cordate or truncate at the base, 5-10 cm. long, crenate, pubescent on both sides ; calyx glandular, villous, its lobes linear-lanceolate, long-aristate, about equaling the tube ; corolla 12-15 J^"^- lo^'g. light rose, with reddish -purple veins and blotches ; upper lip narrow and nearly straight ; lower lip large, 3-lobed ; lateral lobes triangular ; middle lobe rounded-reniform. The species is closely related to 5". scopu/oncin, but differs from it in the larger corolla, the longer calyx-lobes and the usually broader leaves. The type sheet contains two specimens : one of 6". teucriformis and one of Teiicrimii occidentale, and the two are so alike in foliage that it is hard to distinguish them except by the flowers and bracts. RVDBERG : ROCKV MoUXTAlN FLORA 641 Colorado: New Windsor, 1894, Osterhout (type); McCoy, 1898, Shear & Bcsscy jj02 ; Colorado Springs, 1896, S/'icar ji8^. Monardella dentata sp. nov. Cespitose perennial, somewhat ligneous at the base ; stems slender, light brown, about 3 dm. high ; leaves short-petioled ; blades ovate, 1.5—2 cm. long, serrate-dentate, finely pubescent and strongly punctate, obtuse, strongly veined beneath ; heads ter- minal, solitary, about 1.5 cm. in diameter; bracts lanceolate, obtuse, nearly i cm. long, finely canescent, strongly veined, rather thick, of fully as firm structure as the upper leaves ; calyx about 8 mm. long, grayish pubescent ; lobes lanceolate ; corolla about 12 mm. long; its lobes linear, 4 mm. long. This has been mistaken for M. odoratissiiiia, but is easily dis- tinguished by the distinctly toothed leaves and the narrow firm bracts. Colorado: Gray's Peak, 1872, Torrcy. Solanum interius sp. nov. Annual, more or less branched ; stem 3-6 dm. high, usually with narrow denticulate margins or wings, finely pubescent witli short white appressed crisp hairs ; leaves with short winged peti- oles, sparingly pubescent above, usually densely grayish-strigose beneath ; blades deltoid or rhombic, '^—y cm. long, acuminate, usually sinuately lobed or dentate with acute or acuminate lobes or teeth ; peduncles 2—4 cm. long, strigose ; inflorescence corymbi- form, rarely umbelliform ; pedicels in fruit about i cm. long, recurved but scarcely reflexed ; calyx-lobes ovate, 2 mm. long, abruptly acute, in fruit appressed or spreading ; corolla yellowish- white ; lobes ovate, acute, 3—4 mm. long; filaments very short, less than 0.5 mm. long, glabrous; anthers oblong, about 2 mm. long, yellow, obtuse, opening by terminal pores ; berry greenish black, nearly i cm. in diameter. This has gone under the name of ^. iiignnii throughout the interior region where it is a native plant ; but the true S. iiigntvi of Europe has almost glabrous leaves with rounded lobes if lobed at all, very obtuse sepals, subumbellate inflorescence and usually reflexed pedicels in fruit. S. interius is in reality more closely related to vS. Douglasii, which, however, differs in the much larger and bluish corolla. It is with some doubt I propose this species as new, as several North American species were described by 642 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Dunal in De Candolle's Prodromus ; but our plant does not agree with the description of any of these, except perhaps that of S- ptcrocauloii ; a specimen of the latter cited by Dunal is in the herbarium of Columbia University, and this shows that it is more closely related to S. nodijionivi than to S. nigrinii. S. iiitcriiis grows in river valleys and on sandy soil among bushes at an altitude of 600-1800 m. Nebraska: On Middle Loup River, near Mullen, 1893, Ryd- berg 1383 (type). Kansas: Reno County, 1897, Hitchcock 362-a. Colorado: Near Boulder, 1902, Tzvccdy 3236; Timnath, 1899, Ostcrliout ; along Platte River, Denver, 1878, ]\L E. Jones ■603; Canon City, 1896, Shear 3j'j'j ; Bent's P^ort, 1S46, Lt. Abert. Arizona: Chiricehun Mountains, 1894, Tonmey. New Mexico : Mesilla, Dona Ana County, 1898, Wootoii 30. Pentstemon strictiformis sp. nov. Perennial with a woody caudex ; stems 3-5 dm. high, glabrous and strict, simple; basal leaves petioled, 5-10 cm. long; blades oblanceolate, obtuse, glabrous and slightly glaucous ; stem- leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, 4-8 cm. long ; inflorescence more or less secund ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 8-1 0 mm. long, more or less scarious and dentate on the margin ; corolla violet-purple, funnelform, somewhat gibbous, about 2.5 cm. long and limb nearly 2 cm. wide ; anthers long-villous with white hairs ; sterile stamen villous with yellow hairs. This is closely related to /'. strietiis, but differs mainly in the long-acuminate sepals. It grows up to an altitude of 2800 m. Colorado: Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy j6 (type); Gray-Back Mining Camp, 1900, Rydbcrg & Vreelaiid 3630; Arboles, 1899, Baker 602. Pentstemon oreophilus sp. nov. Perennial branched at the base, perfectly glabrous throughout, 2-4 dm. high ; basal leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, short-petioled ; stem-leaves lanceolate and sessile, 5-10 cm. long, acute or acu- minate ; inflorescence dense and usually more or less one-sided, calyx 8-10 mm. long; lobes lanceolate, long-acuminate with toothed scarious auriculate sides ; corolla funnelform, more or less gibbous, bluish purple, 12-15 mm. wide at the mouth ; lower lip RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 643 more or less bearded within ; anthers hispidulous on the margin and more or less short-hairy on the back and sides ; sterile stamen with yellow beard at the end. This is closely related to P. glabcr and P. alpi/ius, differing from the former in the lower habit and the shape of the calyx- lobes, which in P. glabcr are orbicular or short ovate and with very scarious erose margins. P. alpinits Torr. ( = P. riparius A Nels.), is more or less puberulent throughout. P. oreopJiilus grows at an altitude of 1800-3600 m. Colorado: Eldora to Baltimore, 1903, Tweedy 57// (type) and 5710; Halfway House, 1896, Shear 47S1 ; Manitou, 1896, Clements lyi ; Larimer County, 1893, Craiidali ; Quartz Ridge, Pike's Peak, Clements iij ■' South Cheyenne Canon, 1895, E. A. Besscy ; mountains near Empire, 1892, Patterson 2j6. Pentstemon cyathophorus sp. no v. Perennial and more or less cespitose at the base, glabrous throughout or the basal leaves minutely puberulent ; stem very strict, 3—4 dm. high ; basal leaves spatulate, petioled, 3-6 cm. long ; lower stem-leaves also spatulate ; the others ovate or orbic- ular, often abrubtly acuminate or mucronate ; bracts round, ovate or orbicular, abruptly short-acuminate, the upper usually scarious- margined and erose, reniform and the pairs together resembling a cup ; calyx 6—8 mm. long ; lobes lanceolate, scarious-margined and more or less erose-dentate ; corolla pink-purple, a little over 12—15 mm. long, more or less open funnelform from a narrow tube, little oblique and scarcel)' gibbous ; anthers glabrous ; sterile stamen spatulate at the apex and with a yellow beard. This is closely related to the northern P. acuminatus and has been mistaken for it, but differs in the scarious-margined and toothed calyx-lobes and upper bracts. It grows in mountain meadows at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Colorado : Pearl, 1901, Tweedy 4307 (type) ; Grizzly Creek, 1896, Baker; also 1894, Crandall 143S ; North Park, 1896, Osterhont ^g ; also 1891, Crai/dall r^jg. Castilleja brunnescens sp. nov. Perennial with a short cespitose caudex ; stems 3-5 dm. high, more or less pubescent and purplish ; leaves narrowly linear- lanceolate, more or less distinctly 3 -nerved, 4-5 cm. long, finely pubescent ; bracts ovate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or rounded 644 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora at the apex, entire or with a short tooth on each side, tinged with pale brown ; calyx about 2 cm. long, densely and finely pubescent, cleft about equally deep in front and on the back ; each division with 2 lanceolate lobes, about 3 mm. long ; corolla about 3 cm. long ; upper lip about i cm. long ; lower about 3 mm. This species may be most closely related to C. cotifusa Greene, but is easily distinguished by the light brownish color of the obtuse bracts. On account of this light color the type-specimens were labeled C. pallida, which it resembles somewhat but has an alto- gether different corolla. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of 2700-3300 m. Colorado: Cameron Pass, 1896, Baker (type) ; Gray's Peak, i^ji, Porter ; Red Mountain, south of Ouray, 1901, Underzvood & Sell)]' 2^ J ; Pike's Peak, 1894, E. A. Besscj. Castilleja obtusiloba sp. nov. Perennial with a very short caudex ; stem very sparingly hairy, 3—4 dm. high ; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, minutely pubescent, 3—4 cm. long, entire ; the upper broader, 3-cleft ; lateral lobes lanceolate ; the middle one oblong, obtuse ; bracts similar, but broader, purple ; middle lobe elliptic, rounded at the apex ; calyx about 2.5 cm. long, almost equaling the corolla, equally deeply cleft in front and on the back ; lobes short, oblong and rounded at the apex ; corolla yellowish and purple-tinged ; upper lip nearly i cm. long ; lower nearly 3 mm. This species is perhaps a near relative of C. rliexifolia and C. confusa, but easily distinguished by the peculiar bracts and short and very obtuse calyx-lobes. It grows at an altitude of about 2700 m. Colorado : Leroux Park, Delta County, 1892, Coiveii. Castilleja pubeiula sp. nov. Perennial with a short cespitose caudex ; stems less than i dm. high, finely puberulent ; leaves 2-3 cm. long, pinnately divided into linear lobes or entire and linear, finely puberulent ; bracts similar, but shorter and broader, tinged with yellowish, often more villous; calyx more or less villous, i — 1.5 cm. long, deeper cleft in front than on the back ; lobes lanceolate, acute ; corolla yellowish, 18— 20 mm. long; upper lip 6-"^ mm. long; lower lip 3-4 mm., very gibbous. This species has been taken for C. bracliyantha R}'db. (^C. brcvi- Rydberg : RocKv Mountain flora 645 flora A. Gray) ; but that species is a much taller plant and the galea is about three times as long as the lower lip. It grows at an altitude of 2500-3600 m. Colorado: 1872, Parry (type, in herb. Columbia University): Empire, 1903, Tzvcedy ^j^2 ; Berthoud Pass, 1903, Tweedy ^y^i . Valeriana trachycarpa sp. nov. Perennial with a thick fleshy root ; stem glabrous or nearly so, 5—7 dm. high ; basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 7—18 cm. long, finely puberulent, especially on the margins and veins ; entire or with a few linear lobes, thick ; stem-leaves 1—2 pairs, pin- natifid with linear lobes; inflorescence large and branched ; corolla of the staminate plant 2.5-3 n">ni. wide; that of the essentially pis- tillate plant about 1.5 mm. wide; fruit broadly ovate, not hairy, but strongly rugose. This is closely related to V. edulis and P\ purpiiraseejis, but the former has pubescent ovary and fruit and narrower bracts, and the latter has narrower fruit, narrower leaves, more slender inflo- rescence and smaller staminate flowers, only 2 mm. wide ; K tracJiyearpa grows at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Colorado : Red Mountain, 1901, Underzvood & Selby jj2 (type); Alpine Tunnel, 441 ; Marshall Pass, 1901, Baker 481 ; Rabbit Ears Pass, 1896, Baker. New Mexico : White Mountains, 1897, Wootoii j20. Valeriana ovata sp. nov. Perennial with a rootstock ; stem about 3 dm. high, glabrous ; basal leaves entire, petioled, glabrous ; petioles 2—6 cm. long ; blades ovate, usually truncate or slightly cordate at the base, acute, entire or sinuate ; stem-leaves 2-3 pairs ; lateral lobes oblong to linear-lanceolate ; the terminal one lanceolate or of the lower leaves elliptic ; inflorescence small and corymbiform ; corolla funnelform- salvershaped, about 8 mm. long ; limb of the fertile flowers about 4 mm. wide ; of the staminate ones about 6 mm. wide ; fruit ovate, glabrous. This species belongs to the V. septeiitrioimlis group, but is characterized by its basal leaves. It grows on wooded hillsides at an altitude of 2400-2900 m. Colorado: Cameron's Cove, 1901, Clements 241 (type). New Mexico: Caiion four miles east of Santa Fe, 1897, Heller -jdi J ; Elizabeth Town, 1897, Berg. 646 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Coleosanthus albicaulis sp. nov. Brickcllia Wriglitii and B. caiif arnica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i - : 1 06; both in part. 1884. Shrubby at the base, 0.5-1 m. high ; bark of the older wood brownish, striate and fissured, that of the younger branches straw- colored or grayish, hirsute-puberulent, more or less flaky ; leaves short-petioled ; blades broadly cordate, 2-5 cm. long, strongly veined, thick, scabrous-puberulent, crenate-dentate ; inflorescence consisting of small axillary clusters scarcely exceeding the leaves, of 2-6 heads on short peduncles ; heads io-20-flowered ; involucres turbinate ; lower bracts short-ovate, the inner linear, all acutish or obtuse, greenish straw-color ; corolla cream-color ; pappus white. This has been confused mostly with C. Wrightii, but the type of that species has more ovate leaf-blades, longer petioles, longer flower clusters, which exceed the leaves, and purple-tinged involu- cre, the bracts of which are very obtuse or rather rounded at the apex. It is rather nearer Coleosanthus reniformis {Brickcllia rcnifonnis A. Gray) ; from which it differs mainly in the longer, cordate, not reniform leaf-blades and larger and sharper teeth. It grows on the foothills and in cafions at an altitude of 1 500-2500 m Colorado : Manitou, 1900, Clements {X.y^^) ; Larimer County 1 89 1, Coivcii ; Lower Boulder Caiion, 1901, Ostcrlioui 2^11 ; Spring Caiion, 1897, Crandall 2'/8j ; Manitou, iSg6, Slicar ^j8g ; Golden, 1895, Shear J261 ; Mount Harvard, 1896, Cleiiicuts 6j ; Golden, 1895, Rydberg; Boulder, 1885, Letterman. Utah: Salt Lake City, 1880, M. E. Jones ig2i ; Wahsatch Mountains, 1869, Watson 4gs ; Provo, 1887, Tracy & Evans jog. Grindelia serrulata sp. nov. Biennial or perhaps short-lived perennial ; stem glabrous, about 6 dm. high ; leaves sessile, oblanceolate or oblong, acutish, very viscid, 3-5 cm. long, finely and densely serrate ; inflorescence corymbiform ; involucre very viscid, about i 5 mm. broad ; bracts subulate, very squarrose and reflexed ; ligules 7-8 mm. long, i — 1.5 mm. wide; pappus-awns apparently smooth; barbules seen only under a compound microscope. This is nearly related to G. perennis and G. squarrosa. From the former it differs in the closely and sharply toothed leaves, and from the latter in the oblanceolate instead of ovate or oval leaves. It grows on plains at an altitude of about i 500 m. RvDCERG : Rocky Mountain flora (547 Colorado: Fort Collins, 1S91, Coi^'cii (type); Denver, 1869, B. H. Smith. Grindelia aphanactis sp. nov. Apparently perennial ; stem 3-4 dm. high, glabrous and stri- ate ; leaves very viscid, oblanceolate, acute, 4—7 cm. long, sharply dentate and sessile, or the lower more or less pinnatifid and peti- oled ; inflorescence corymbiform ; heads about i 5 mm. broad ; bracts very viscid, subulate ; all very squarrose and the lower re- flexed ; rays none ; awns of the pappus apparently smooth. This species has been confused with G. nuda Wood, but that species has broad leaves and large heads and resembles in general habit more the radiate G. squarrosa. G. aphanactis grows in gravelly soil. Colorado : Durango, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy J26 (type). New Mexico : Lincoln, Earle. Gutierrezia linearis sp. nov. Shrubby and branched ; leaves linear, about 3 cm. long, 1—2 mm. wide, puberulent and viscid, punctate ; heads 5-6 mm. high ; involucres campanulate, slightly turbinate at the base ; bracts scarious-margined ; the outer ovate or obovate, the inner elliptic, obtuse ; inflorescence corymbiform ; ray- and disk-flowers each 3-4. This species resembles G. longifolia in habit but has the head of G. divcrsifolia. It grows at an altitude of 1 800— 2300 m. New Mexico : Gray, Lincoln County, 1900, Earle ^y^ (type). Colorado: Gunnison, 1901, Baker S21 ; Red Rock Canon, 1896, E. A. Bessey. Gutierrezia scoparia sp. nov. Woody only at the base ; flowering herbaceous branches nu- merous, about 3 dm. high, puberulent, mostly simple up to the inflorescence ; leaves linear, 3-5 cm. long, 1—2 mm. wide, puberu- lent ; inflorescence corymbiform ; involucre oblong-turbinate, over 5 mm. high ; outer bracts lanceolate, inner oblong ; disk- and ray- flowers each about 4. • This is closely related to G. diversifolia, but has a longer, more turbinate involucre and narrower bracts. It grows at an altitude of 1500-2 100 m. Colorado: Manitou, 1901, Clements 16 (type); Boulder, 1902, Tweedy ^S8S. - 648 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Chrysopsis caudata sp. nov. Perennial, with a thick tap-root and a very short, erect and much-branched caudex ; stems many, erect, purpHsh, hirsute with long white hairs ; lower leaves oblanceolate, tapering into a short petiole, silky-strigose on both sides, 3-5 cm. long ; middle leaves similar but sessile, uppermost elliptic or oblong ; heads congested in small clusters at the end of the branches and subtended by the uppermost leaves ; bracts linear-lanceolate, hirsute, the innermost with a subulate usually brownish and spreading tip ; disk about 15 mm. wide ; rays bright yellow, about 12 mm. long and 3 mm. wide. This species is closely related to C. 7nllosa, but differs in the sessile heads subtended by oblong leaves and in the subulate tips of the involucral bracts. It grows on hills at an altitude of i 500- 2950 m. Colorado : Ruxton Dell, 1901, Clements i^j (type) ; near Boulder, 1902, Tweedy 48 gy. Chrysopsis amplifolia sp. nov. Perennial, with a tap-root, rather simple ; stem 3-5 dm. high, often branched, pubescent and sparingly hirsute ; lower leaves spatulate, strigose, obtuse or slightly mucronate, middle and upper leaves broadly oblong or elliptic ; the upper cordate or truncate at the base, 3—4 cm. long, 12—15 rrim. wide; inflorescence corymbi- form ; heads usually subtended by oblong leaves ; bracts hirsute- strigose, linear-lanceolate, acute ; disk 1 5 mm. or more wide ; rays golden yellow, about 12 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide ; achenes densely strigose-canescent. This is also closely related to C. villosa, but distinguished by the ample upper stem-leaves with subcordate or truncate bases and the large sessile heads. It grows on plains and foothills at an altitude of about 1500 m. Colorado: Longmont, 1902, Tzvecdy 48 g8 (type); Ward, 1 90 1, OsterJwiit 2444. Chrysopsis horrida sp. nov. Perennial with a tap-root, more or less cespitose ; stems about 2-3 dm. high, hirsutulous and hispid, more or less branched, especially above ; leaves obovate, broadly oblanceolate or oblong, subsessile, except the lower, densely hirsute with short hairs and slightly glandular-puberulent ; heads corymbose, peduncled, about 8 mm. high ; disk i cm. or less wide ; rays about 8 mm. long and 1-1.5 mm. wide; achenes 2 mm. long, canescent ; pappus about 5 mm. long, yellowish. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 649 This has been taken for C. Jiispida, but the original Diplopappus hispidiis Hook, is less hairy with longer hairs and more viscid ; the leaves are narrowly oblanceolate and petioled and the heads larger, the disk being 12—15 i^im- wide. C. liorrida grows on dry hills and plains at an altitude of 1200- 1600 m. Colorado : New Windsor, 1900, Ostcrlioiit 2^26 (type), and 1901, 2j62 ; Platte, Friniont. Nebraska: Pumpkin Seed Valley and Lawrence Fork, 1891, Rydberg i^i. Chrysopsis alpicola sp. no v. Cespitose perennial ; stems about i dm. high, silky-villous, numerous ; leaves oblanceolate, about 3 cm. long ; nearly all petioled, white-silky strigose or the pubescence more spreading on the petioles ; heads solitary, subsessile, about i cm. high ; bracts linear-lanceolate, hirsute, acute ; disk about i 2 mm. in diameter ; rays about 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide ; achenes white silky- hirsute. This is perhaps most closely related to C. Bakcri, but is much lower, more silky, with sessile heads and more hirsute involucre. It grows on the higher mountains, at an altitude of about 3500 m. Colorado: Clark's Peak, 1896, Baker. Solidago rubra sp. nov. Stout, about 3 dm. high ; stem pubescent or at the base merely puberulent, reddish; basal and lower cauline leaves broadly oblance- olate, 6—12 cm. long, firm, bluish-green, glabrous, pinnately veined, serrulate and minutely scabrous on the margins, acute, petioled ; upper stem-leaves sessile and lanceolate ; inflorescence paniculate but very narrow and elongated ; heads about 8 mm. high, and as broad ; bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliolate on the margin ; rays rather pale yellow, about 4 mm. long and 0.7 mm. wide ; achenes strigose. This species is related to ^. scopidoriiin, but is distinguished by the stouter habit, the broad leaves, the compound and dense in- florescence. Colorado : North Park, 1 899, Osterliout j. Solidago laevicaulis sp. nov. Rather tall, 4-7 dm. high ; stem glabrous up to the inflores- cence, light-colored and shining ; basal leaves narrowly oblanceo- 650 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora late, indistinctly if at all triple-nerved, rather thin, obtuse, 5-10 cm. long, entire or crenate above, glabrous except the scabrous margin ; lower stem-leaves similar ; upper stem-leaves narrowly lan- ceolate, sessile ; inflorescence paniculate, but rather narrow, with numerous heads ; branches nearly erect ; heads about 8 mm. high ; bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliolate on the margin ; disk about 8 mm. wide; rays numerous, about 4 mm. long and nearly i mm. wide ; achenes sparingly strigose. This is nearest related to the preceding, but taller and more slender, with narrower leaves and glabrous stem. It approaches the 5. scrotina group but has neither triple-nerved leaves nor secund branches. It grows in the mountains of Colorado and southern Wyoming at an altitude of 2500-3300 m. Colorado: North Park, 1899, Osterhout 4. {S.y^€)\ Berthoud Pass, 1903, Ttveedy sS^j. Wyoming: Copperton, 1901, Tweedy 400^. Solidago radulina sp. no v. Perennial ; stem 3-4 dm. high, grayish-puberulent ; basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate, obtuse, crenate at the apex, finely puberulent ; upper stem-leaves elliptic or spatulate, acute ; inflorescence narrow and elongated, paniculate ; heads about 4 mm. high ; bracts oblong, obtuse, or the inner linear, ciliolate on the margin ; rays about 2.5 mm. long, i mm. wide ; achenes hir- sutulous. This species is intermediate between 5. nana and ^. pidcher- rima, but differs from the former in the taller habit and the elon- gated inflorescence and from the latter in the broader and shorter stem-leaves. In leaf-form it resembles somewhat 5. radula, but is a smaller plant, with smaller leaves and narrow inflorescence, the branches of which are short and only somewhat secund. The type grew at an altitude of 1800 m. Utah: Cottonwood Canon, 1869, ]Vatson 556" (type in herb. Columbia University). Colorado: Meadow Park, 1895, Shear jo^g. Solidago serra sp. nov. Perennial with a rootstock ; stem simple up to the inflorescence, about 6 dm. high, more or less pubescent especially above ; leaves lanceolate, about 8 cm. long, acuminate, sharply toothed, rather Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 651 thin, glabrous on both sides ; inflorescence paniculate ; branches arching and secund ; heads numerous, 3-4 mm. high ; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, acute; rays i — 1.5 mm. long, less than 0.5 mm. wide; achenes hirsutulous. This is closest related to S. canadensis, but differs in the gla- brous leaves and the less pubescent stem. It may also be con- fused with 5. serotina and S. eio)igata, but the former has much larger heads, fully 5 mm. high, and in the latter the inflorescence is narrower, rhombic in outline and with ascending scarcely arched branches. Colorado : Yampa, 1898, Shear & Bcssey 52^^ (type). Wyo.ming : Copperton, 1901, Tivecdy ^ooj. Solidago polyphylla sp. nov. Tall, sometimes a meter high ; stem strict, simple and puber- ulent up to the more hirsutulous inflorescence ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, sessile, acute at the base, acuminate at the apex, dis- tinctly triple-nerved, serrate above the middle with small distant teeth, thick and firm, green, scabrous above, more softly short- pubescent beneath ; inflorescence panicled ; branches more or less arching and secund ; heads about 5 mm. high ; bracts linear, acute ; rays 1.5—2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; achenes hispidulous. This species is closely related to 5". proccra and has been mis- taken for it. It differs from that species in the larger heads (in S. proccra only 3-4 mm, high), the more compact inflorescence, the more toothed upper leaves and the shorter pubescence on the stem and lower leaf-surfaces. Colorado : Cafion City, 1896, Clements 2gj (type) ; Gunnison, 1 90 1, Baker 8 ^g ; Engelmann Cafion, 1901, Clements ^00. New Mexico : Roswell, igoo, Earle j^6. Solidago viscidula sp. nov. Low, about 2 dm. high ; stem finely pubescent, reddish ; basal leaves and lower stem-leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, finely puberulent and somewhat viscid, denticulate, obtuse or acutish, indistinctly triple-veined ; upper stem-leaves sessile ; inflorescence paniculate but flat-topped, branches scarcely secund ; heads numerous, small, about 5 mm. high ; bracts linear, obtusish, viscid ; rays pale, about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide. This is closely related to 5. inissonriensis, but is distinguished by the viscid inflorescence and the indistinctly triple-nerv^ed leaves. Colorado: Grand Lake, 1888, flolicav. 652 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Oligoneuron canescens sp. nov. Solidago rigida liumilis Porter Syn. Fl. Colo. 63, 1874. Not 5. humilis Mill. Stout perennial ; densely yellowish-canescent throughout ; stem simple up to the inflorescence, 5-7 dm. high ; basal leaves long- petioled ; blades oval, 7-12 cm. long, thick, canescent on both sides, in age scabrous, distantly crenulate with small callous teeth ; upper stem-leaves oval, sessile, entire or sinuate, crenulate, very densely canescent ; inflorescence corymbiform but much congested ; heads about i cm. high ; bracts oblong, striate, canescent ; rays 3-4 mm. long, less than i cm. wide, light yellow ; achenes slightly hairy above, otherwise glabrous. This differs from O. rigidum Small {Solidago rigida L.) in the shorter leaves, the smaller and denser inflorescence, the dense yellowish-canescent pubescence, and the achenes which are appar- ently always slightly hairy above. It grows on prairies and in valleys at an altitude of 900-1800 m. Wyo:ming : Buffalo, 1900, Tweedy JI17 (type) ; Dayton, 1899, Tzveedy 201J ; Devil's Tower, 1899, L. IV. Carter. Nebraska : Plummer Ford, Dismal River, 1892, Rydberg 1666. South Dakota: Custer, i^gi, Rydbei-g ySg. North Dakota : Tower, 1891, Wright. Chrysothamnus patens sp. nov. Shrubby, half a meter or so high ; stems white-tomentulose when young, soon glabrous and yellowish green ; leaves 6-'S cm. long, about i mm. broad, soon glabrous, spreading or even reflexed ; bracts lanceolate, acute, carinate, glabrous, in 5 vertical row^s of about 3 each ; corolla-lobes about i mm. long, lanceolate, acute, in age more or less spreading; achenes strigose. This is closely related to C. graveolens, but differs in the nar- row, spreading leaves. It grows on dry hills at an altitude o 1300-2100 m. Colorado: 1873, Wolf 4^2 (type); Grand Junction, 1901, Underzi'ood & Selby ^gSb ; 1900, Stokes; Manitou, 1900, Clements; Alamosa, 1896, Shear jjjj; ; Zola, 1901, Baker 668. Chrysothamnus Newberryi sp. nov. Shrubby below ; stem white-tomentose, rather slender ; leaves erect, linear-filiform, i-nerved, slightly tomentulose when young; Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora G-jS the upper smaller ; involucres turbinate; bracts in about 5 vertical rows, usually 3 in each row, narrowly lanceolate, attenuate into a long slender subulate spreading tip, carinate, slightly tomentulose and webby ; achenes narrow, tapering downwards, strigose-pubes- cent ; corolla narrowly tubular-funnelform ; lobes erect, lanceolate. This species is closely related to C. Parryi and C. Howardi, but the former differs in the broad, 3-nerved leaves and broader bracts, and the latter by its spreading arcuate leaves, broader bracts, depressed habit and elongated upper leaves, which usually equal or exceed the heads. C. Ncivbcrryi grows on dry hills. New Mexico: Canon Largo, 1859, Neivbcny (Macomb's Ex- pedition ; type in herb. Columbia University). Colorado: Mesa Verde, i^g2, Eastzvood. Sideranthus annuus nom. nov. Aplopappus nibig'uwsiis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i" : 130. 1884. Not Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2 : 240. i 842. A little comparison between the descriptions of .-J. nihigiiiosiis in Torrey and Gray's Flora and in Gray's Synoptical F"lora will show that they are drawn from different plants. The first line in Torrey and Gray's description, viz. " suffruticose ? branching from the base, viscidly pubescent and cinereous" and further down "scales of the involucre ... in about 2 series, nearly equal, loose, at length spreading " do not at all fit the plant of the upper Platte, for that plant is strictly annual, simple at the base and branched above, viscid but can hardly be called cinereous ; the bracts are in 4 or 5 series, well imbricated and the outer much shorter. The type of Aplopappus rubigvnosus was collected by Drummond, and a specimen is in the Gray herbarium. This is very unlike the plant of the upper Platte region, which is de- scribed in Gray's Synoptical Flora, but agrees fully with the description of Torrey and Gray. It is more closely related to A. pliylloccphalns DC, but perhaps distinct. Aster griseolus sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock ; stem 1-1.5 dm. high, hirsute with ascending hairs, rather simple ; leaves linear, 3-5 cm. long, sparingly hairy on both sides, sessile, acute, entire ; heads about I cm. high, 1-4 in a small corymb ; bracts oblanceolate or 654 RVDHERG : Rc)CK\' MoUNlAiN FIORA linear, the outer obtuse, the inner acute, green or the inner wliite on the sides below, pubescent on the back, but not bristle-pointed ; rays purple, about 8 mm. long and i mm. wide ; achenes pubescent. This is nearest related to A. oriscus Greene, but differs in the small size, the narrow short sessile leaves, and the pubescence which is not reflexed on the lower part of the stem. A. griscoliis grows on the higher mountains of Colorado. Colorado: Mt. Harvard, 1896, Clciiicnts jy (type); Twin Lakes, 1896, Shear j^gg. Aster Underwoodii sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock ; stems simple up to the inflorescence, 2-3 dm. high, often purplish, more or less hirsute- strigose ; lower leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, tapering into a winged petiole, glabrous except the ciliolate margin or slightly pubescent when young ; the other stem-leaves sessile and the uppermost linear-lanceolate ; inflorescence racemiform or corymbi- form with 4-8 heads ; these fully i cm. high ; bracts oblanceolate, the outer obtuse, the inner acutish, all with a rather thick green tip, pubescent on the back ; rays purple or bluish, about i cm. long and 1-1.5 mm. wide ; achenes hirsute. This is related to A. adscendcns and A. Nclsonii. From the former it differs in the hairy bracts and from the latter in the broad leaves. It suggests also A. griscus, but has shorter and almost glabrous leaves. It grows at an altitute of 2500-3000 m. Colorado: I ronton Park, 1901, Underwood ^x\d Scidj ji8 (t)'pe) ; P^ldora to Baltimore, 1903, Tweedy ^8 ji. Aster Osterhoutii sp. nov. Tall, branched and leafy, about i mm. high ; stem striate, glabrous below, hairy in decurrent iines above ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 5—12 cm. long, 8 mm. wide or less, scabrous- ciliolate on the margin, otherwise glabrous, entire-margined, sessile and half clasping ; those of the branches much smaller ; inflores- cence open- paniculate ; heads nearly i cm. high ; bracts in 4—5 series, the inner linear, acute, the outer oblanceolate, apiculate, green and with white margms below ; rays white or rarely pinkish, nearly i cm. long and fully 1 mm. wide. This species is related to A. salicifoliiis, but differs in the narrow, thin, entire leaves. Mr. Fernald, to whom some of the specimens had been sent, named it A. salicifolius cacriilescens Gray, but that Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 055 has very narrow, linear outer bracts and usually purplish or bluish rays. A. Ostcrhoiitii grows along ditches at an altitude of about 1500 m. Colorado: New Windsor, 1899, OstcrJiout 2^06 (\.yi^€)\ also 1898, p, and 1900, 2j;2S. Aster corymbiformis sp nov^ About 3 duL high ; stem strict, branched above, pubescent on decurrent lines ; leaves linear, 5-8 mm. long, scabrous on the margins, otherwise usually perfectly glabrous, half-clasping ; in- florescence leafy, corymbiform ; heads about 8 mm. high ; bracts linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabrous, rather firm, with an oblan- ceolate green tip, in about 3 series of nearly equal length ; rays white or purplish, about 7 mm. long and I \Vi\x\. wide. This is perhaps nearest related to A. paiiiciilatits, but in habit reminding somewhat of A. adsccndciis. From the former it differs in the strict habit, the corymbiform inflorescence and the entire leaves. From A. aisccndciis it differs in the more numerous heads and the bracts, the outer of which at least are oblanceolate and obtuse in A. ndscciidcns. Colorado: West Clift', 1896, Slicar J460 (type); also j8ij and ^Sig; Parlin, Gunnison Co., 1901, />'. H. Smith 11^ and ij6 (?). Aster Tweedyi sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock ; stem simple, usually purplish, pubescent only on decurrent lines, about 4 dm. high ; leaves oblanceolate, acute, glabrous except the ciliate margin, rather firm, often i dm. long ; the lower with a winged petiole ; the upper sessile and half clasping ; inflorescence paniculate, leafy ; heads about i cm. high ; bracts in about 3 series, linear or ob- lanceolate, not very unequal in length, the outer mostly green and obtuse, the inner with green tips and midrib, whitish on the sides below ; rays rose or purple, 8—10 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide . This species is related to A. adsccndcns but differs in the stouter habit, broader and firmer leaves and larger heads. It grows in valleys at an altitude of 1500—2600 m. Wyoming: Copperton, 1901, Tivccdy ^ogd {Xy^^it); Big Horn Mountains, 1899, Tweedy 2^2 j ; Laramie, i?,g'/, Elias Nelson ij2. Colorado: Laramie River, Larimer County, 1897, OsterJujii 2518. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 66 LIBRARY NSW YORK BOTANRCAA. GAR STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XIV By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1905 (From the Bulletin of the Toebbv Botanical Cldb 32 : 125-188. 1906] [From the Bulletin of the Tokkey Hktanical Club, 32 : 123-138 1905. Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XIV New yorjc Per Axel Rydberg BOTANICAL QARI>EN Machaeranthera Fremontii sp. nov. Biennial with thick taproot ; stems several, glandular-hispid and somewhat puberulent, 4—5 dm. high, branched ; basal leaves oblanceolate, petioled, glandular-hispid and scabrous, sharply den- tate ; upper leaves sessile, linear or lanceolate ; heads over i cm. high ; bracts linear-lanceolate, cinereous, acuminate, well imbri- cated ; herbaceous tip short, lanceolate, only slightly squarrose ; rays purple, 8—10 mm. long; achenes densely strigose ; pappus brownish or reddish. It grows in black soil of river bottoms. Colorado: "Platte Waters," 1844, Fremont 421 (type in herb. Columbia Univ.). Machaeranthera Selbyi sp. nov. Biennial ; stem reddish, branched above, glabrous below, pu- berulent or minutely strigose above, only slightly glandular in the inflorescence ; lower leaves linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, petioled, glabrous or rarely slightly puberulent, dentate and ciliate on the margin ; upper leaves linear ; inflorescence branched and open ; heads about i cm. high ; bracts in many series, well imbricated ; glandular green tips small, lanceolate, strongly reflexed-squarrose ; achenes minutely strigose. This is perhaps nearest related to M. spcctabilis, but that species has entire leaves and longer green tips to the bracts. It is also related to M. glabrclla and M. ranwsa, from which species it dif- fers in the reflexed-squarrose bracts. Colorado: Ouray, 1901, Underwood &" Selby gja (type), 204, 20^s, 201 and 202. 123 124 RvDBERG : RocKv Mountain flora Machaeranthera viscosula sp. nov. Biennial with a rosette of basal leaves; stems few, about 2 dm. high, viscid-puberulent ; basal leaves oblanceolate, petioled, the upper similar or linear, but sessile ; all saliently and coarsely toothed ; inflorescence narrow and racemiform, very viscid ; heads about I cm. high ; bracts linear, with a long linear-subulate spreading or reflexed green and very glandular tip, usually longer than the chartaceous lower portion ; rays reddish-purple, 8—10 mm. long and fully i mm. wide; achenes sparingly strigose ; pap- pus tawny. This is closely related to M. viscosa, but differs in the lower stature, the racemiform inflorescence and the narrow saliently toothed basal leaves. Colorado: Veta Pass, 1896, Sliear J^JJ ; South Park, southeast of Jefferson, 1896, Coivcn J222. Xylorrhiza Brandegei sp. nov. Perennial with a cespitose caudex, canescent throughout, almost I dm. high ; leaves spatulate or the upper oblanceolate, 3—4 cm. long, firm, closely and sharply serrate with bristle-tip- ped teeth ; disk about 3 cm. wide ; bracts narrowly linear-lanceo- late, attenuate ; achenes oblong, densely grayish-strigose, pappus tawny; rays rose-purple, 15-20 nmi. long. Closely related to X. coloradensis {Aster coloradoisis Gray), but differs in the larger size, longer rays and scarcely spinescent bracts. It grows at an altitude of 3000 m. Colorado: San Juan Pass, 1875, Brandcgcc (type in the Gray herbarium). Erigeron nematophyllus sp. nov. Depressed cespitose-pulvinate perennial ; flowering stems sev- eral, strigose, about 5 cm. high, few-leaved ; both basal and cauline leaves linear-filiform, 2—4 cm. long, less than i mm. wide, strigose; heads solitary, 4—5 mm. high; bracts linear in 1—2 series, scarcely at all imbricated, acute, hirsute-strigose ; rays pinkish or white, 4-5 mm. long and i nmi. wide ; achenes spar- ingly hirsute. This is closely related to E. radicatus, but differs in the very narrow and erect leaves. It grows on rocky hills. Colorado : Dale Creek, 1 897, Osterhout (type). Wyoming: Fort Steele, 1901, Tiveedy 4103; Sand Creek, 1900, Az'oi Nelson 6ggj. Rydberg: Rocky Mountain flora 125 Erigeron salicinus sp. nov. Perennial with a slender rootstock ; stem simple, 4-7 dm. high, glabrous or minutely and sparingly strigulose above ; lower leaves petioled, about i dm. long ; , blades oblanceolate, dark bluish-green, glabrous except the minutely ciliolate entire margins, more or less distinctly 3-nerved ; upper leaves linear or linear- lanceolate, sessile and half-clasping ; inflorescence corymbiform, leafy ; heads y-^ mm. high ; bracts linear-subulate, acuminate, glandular-puberulent, not at all hirsute, in 2 series but almost equal and crowded; disk 12—15 nim- wide; rays very numerous, fully I cm. long and less than i mm. wide, purple. This is perhaps nearest related to E. uiacrantJms, differing in the bluish-green narrow leaves, which are minutely ciliolate on the margin instead of hirsute-ciliate, and in the smaller heads. Colorado: Pagosa Springs, iSgg, Baker 6jo. Erigeron Vreelandii sp. nov. Perennial with a rootstock ; stem S—y dm. high, simple, sparingly pubescent and puberulent ; lower leaves petioled, their blades oblanceolate ; the rest sessile, lanceolate, somewhat clasp- ing, entire, glandular-puberulent on both sides ; inflorescence leafy, corymbiform ; heads fully i cm. high ; bracts linear-subulate, hirsute and glandular-puberulent, in 2 series, almost equal ; disk 15—18 mm. wide; rays fully i cm. long, less than i mm. wide, very numerous, dark- purple. This is nearest related to E. snbtruicrvis, but the leaves are glandular-puberulent instead of hirsute. It grows in meadows at an altitude of about 2300 m. Colorado: Wahatoya Creek, \<^oo, Rydberg &- Vrecland j^i^. Erigeron Smithii sp. nov. Perennial with a rootstock ; stem simple, glabrous below, glandular-puberulent above ; basal leaves 6-10 cm. long, petioled ; blades oblanceolate or spatulate, glabrous, ciliate on the entire margins ; upper stem-leaves lanceolate, sessile, more or less clasp- ing and often reduced ; heads 1—5, on long almost erect branches, about 6 mm. high ; bracts linear-subulate, acuminate, glandular- puberulent, in two equal series ; rays purple, 10—12 mm. long, i mm. wide ; achenes strigose ; pappus double, the outer of very short bristles. This is closely related to E. glabellns, but is more glabrous, and has glandular-puberulent, not hirsute, bracts. It grows in rich meadows at an altitude of 2 100-3000 m. 126 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain' flora Colorado: Parlin, Gunnison Co., '1901, B. H. Smith 118 (type); Gunnison, 1901, Baker 358 ; Antonito, 1898, Earlc zf2 ; Sargent, 1896, Clements 12^; Villa Grove, 1896, Clements I2j ; Leadville, 1 90 1 , Underivood & Selbj ^g^. Erigeron Earlei sp. nov. Perennial ; stems several, simple, 3-4 dm. high, strigose ; basal leaves 5-6 cm. long, narrowly oblanceolate, strigose on both sides, often callous-denticulate ; stem-leaves linear and sessile, and reduced; heads about 3, 6 mm. high; bracts linear-subulate, acuminate, in about 2 series, nearly equal, densely strigose ; rays numerous and very narrow, white, about 8 mm. long. This is related to E. glabcllus, but differs from all its relatives by the appressed, dense, strigose pubescence. Colorado : Antonito, 1 898, Earle. Erigeron Peasei sp. nov. Depressed cestipose perennial ; stem 5-8 cm. high, scapiform or with 1-2 leaves, appressed-pubescent ; basal leaves about 2 cm. long, petioled, their blades oblanceolate, acute, strigose; stem-leaves linear, sessile ; heads solitary, 6-7 mm. high ; bracts linear-subu- late, scarcely at all imbricated, acuminate, sparingly hirsute ; disk about I cm. wide ; rays numerous, about 7 mm. long and i mm. wide. This is nearly related to E. raelieatus, but differs in the ap- pressed pubescence and broader leaves, Colorado : Lake City, 1878, H. N. Pease (type in herb. Columbia Univ.). Erigeron vetensis sp. nov. Densely cespitose-puvinate perennial ; stems 5-8 cm. high, hirsute, few-leaved ; leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, hirsute, 2-4 cm. long ; heads solitary, about 7 mm. high ; bracts linear, acuminate, hirsute as well as slightly glandular-puberulent ; rays purple, 8-10 mm. long, ov^er i mm. wide ; achenes strigose ; pappus more or less double. In dry places on high mountains of southern Colorado at an altitude of 2400-3000 m. It is intermediate between E. radicatns and E. glandulosus, resembling the former most in pubescence, and the latter in habit. Colorado : Mountains near Veta Pass, 1900, Rydberg & Vree- land 542J (type) ; Veta Mountain and Ojo, 3421, 5422 ; West Spanish Peak, 5424. RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 127 Antennaria Sierrae-Blancae sp. nov^ Depressed perennial, pulvinate-cespitose, rosulate, almost stem - less ; leaves broadly spatulate, less than i cm. long, abruptly acute, white-floccose beneath, glabrate above ; heads subsessile in the rosettes, ^-J mm. in diameter ; bracts broadly oblong to al- most obovate, with a scarious brown upper portion. Closely resembling A. rosnlata in habit, it differs however in the smaller heads, brown bracts and leaves that are glabrate above. It grows at an altitude of 3600—4000 m. Colorado : Sierra Blanca, 1877, Hooker & Gray (type in Gray herbarium). Helianthus aridus sp. nov. Annual ; stem 3-8 dm. high, more or less hispid ; leaves all petioled, the lower opposite, the upper usually alternate ; blades lanceolate, 4-7 cm. long, entire or crenate, acute, hispid-scabrous on both sides ; heads rather \^\v ; bracts ovate, abruptly acumi- nate, hispid on the back and hispid-ciliate on the margins ; disk 1.5—2 cm. wide, purplish; rays oblong to oval, 15—20 mm. long, 6—8 mm. wide ; achenes cuneate, almost black, finely strigose, about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide. This species has been mistaken for H. petiolaris, which it re- sembles most, but the bracts are hispid-ciliate and strongly acumi- nate in the manner of H. loiticularis. H. aridus grows in dry ground, especially in old fields and waste places. Montana : Great Falls, 1885, F. W. Anderson (type) ; Poison, 1 90 1, Unibach 261. Wyoming: Gros Ventre Mountains, 1900, C. C. Curtis. Colorado: Manitou, 1901, Clements 8 (mixed with H. peti- ■olaris). Nebraska: Kimball, 1891, Rydherg 1S4. Tetraneuris Crandallii sp. nov. Cespitose, acaulescent perennial ; leaves narrowly linear-oblan- ceolate, conspicuously white-woolly at the base, 4—6 cm. long, 2— 3 mm. wide, sparingly long-hairy, soon glabrate; scape 1-3 dm. long, sparingly strigose ; involucre hemispherical ; bracts about 8 mm. long, linear-oblong, silky-villous, but hairs rather appressed ; rays about 15 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, 3— lobed, 4-5-nerved. This species is related to T. arizonica and T. pilosa, but differs from the first in the narrow glabrate leaves, and from the latter in the narrow bracts and larger ravs. 128 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Colorado: Grand Junction, 1894, O'^//^/^?// (type) ; McCoy's^ Eagle County, Osterhoiit 2yjj. Tetraneuris angustifolia sp. nov. Cespitose, acaulescent perennial ; leaves narrowly linear-ob- lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 4-5 mm. \vide, loosely and sparingly long-villous or glabrate in age, not densely villous at the base ; scape 2—3 dm. high, stiigose ; involucre hemispherical ; bracts ob- long, obtuse, densely villous ; disk 10-12 mm. wide; rays about I cm. long and 4 mm. wide, 3-toothed and conspicuously 4- nerved. This species is nearest related to T. scaposa, from which it dif- fers in the narrow leaves. It has therefore been mistaken for T. linearis ; but in that species the branches of the caudex are rather slender and elongated and the leaves are narrowly linear, 1—2 mm. wide. T. angustifolia grows on rocky hills up to an altitude of 2000 m. New Mexico: White Mountains, 1897, IVooton jy^ (type). Colorado: Fort Lyon, 1863, Palmer. Texas: Kerrville, 1894, Heller 161^; Great Caiion of Mt. Carmel, 1852, P^ir/j (Mex. Bound.) ^j^/ Belknap, 1858, //^jrj-/ Rock Creek and Limpia, 1852, Bigelozu (Mex. Bound) ; Rio Bravo del Norte, between San Pedro and Puercos, 1852, Schott. Artemisia dracunculoides Wolfii var. nov. Stout, usually with broader leaf-segments or leaves ; heads larger, 3-5.5 mm. in diameter; outer bracts longer, lanceolate or linear-oblong, mostly acutish, nearly equaling the inner (in A. dracnneiiloides oblong, obtuse, about half as long as the inner). Colorado: Twin Lakes, 1873, Wolf jjo (type); Hamor's Lake, north of Durango, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy 628 ; Grizzly Creek, 1896, Baker. New Mexico: Chama, 1899, Baker 6 ji. Artemisia saxicola nom. nov. Artemisia Chamissoniaiia saxatilis Besser ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, I: 324. 1833. ^o\. A. saxatilis \Va.\ds\.. A. norvegica A. Gray. Syn. Fl. i" : 371. 1884. Not A, norvegica Fries. The American plant differs from the North European in having more numerous smaller heads on shorter peduncles, more hairy Rydbekg : RocKV Mountain flora 129 leaves, lanceolate in outline, and taller stem. In the true A. nor- veglca the basal leaf-blades are as broad as long and have usually only 5 principal divisions. Artemisia Brittonii sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock ; stem rather stout, 3-6 dm. high, white-floccose ; lower leaves cuneate or oblong-oblance- olate, 3— 5-lobed mostly above the middle, densely white-tomentose on both sides, the lobes lanceolate ; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire ; inflorescence paniculate ; panicles narrow and heads con- glomerate, 3-4 mm. high, about 2 mm. broad ; bracts ovate and densely floccose ; flowers about 15, heterogamous, light-brown or yellow; achenes and receptacle glabrous. This is related to A. liidoviciana Nutt., but differing in the stouter habit, more crowded inflorescence, and principally in the leaves, which are equally tomentose on both sides. Colorado: Golden, 1882, N. L. Britton (type, in herb. Columbia College); Boulder, 1891, Pcnard 28 j ; also 1902, Tivecdy ^go6. Utah: Green River, 1850, Stansbiirv ; Salt Lake Valley, Lauderdale ; Salt Lake City, 1884, Harry Edivards. Artemisia Underwoodii sp. nov. Perennial, with a horizontal much-branched rootstock ; stems slender, 2-6 dm. high, somewhat floccose, usually simple up to the inflorescence ; leaves 3-5 cm. long, pinnately parted, with 3—7 (usually 5) Hnear or linear-lanceolate acute lobes, densely white-floccose beneath, green and slightly tomentose above at first, but in age glabrate ; inflorescence paniculate, but panicle narrow and the small heads crowded ; heads campanulate, scarcely over 3 mm. high and 2.5 mm. broad ; bracts ovate, tomentose, slightly scarious on the margin ; flowers 1 5-20, heterogamous, brown ; achenes and receptacle glabrous. This is nearest related to A. liidoviciajia, but differs in the deeply parted leaves and their narrow lobes. It grows on chaparral-covered hills and mountain-sides at an altitude of 2300-2700 m. Colorado: Ouray, 1901, Underii'ood & Sclly 77 (type) and J/; Georgetown, 1895, RyU'crg. 130 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Artemisia pudica sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock ; stem 4-6 dm. high, simple up to the inflorescence, white-floccose ; leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, entire, white-floccose on both sides ; inflorescence a narrow panicle, the branches long and nearly erect, racemiform ; heads nodding on short peduncles, campanulate, about 5 mm. high and 4 mm. broad ; bracts ovate, densely tomentose, with a darker midrib and slightly scarious margin ; flowers about 20, heterogamous, yellow ; receptacle and achenes glabrous. This species is related to A. gnaplalodes, but is characterized by the racemiform branches of the inflorescence with peduncled, nodding heads. It grows at an altitude of about 2300 m. Colorado: Gunnison, 1901, Baker jjj. Pyrrocoma lagopus sp. nov. Perennial with a taproot ; stems decumbent, 1-2 dm. long, more or less villous, especially at the base and the nodes ; basal leaves petioled, 6-10 cm. long; blades lanceolate or linear-lanceo- late, firm, distantly serrate with almost spinulose teeth ; stem- leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, sessile, with partly clasping bases ; inflorescence racemiform ; involucre 8—9 mm. high, more or less villous, especially at the base ; bracts imbricated in about 3 series, oblong, acute, green on the back, yellowish on the sides and base; disk about 12 cm. wide; rays about 8 mm. long and over I mm. wide ; achenes hirsute-strigose. This species is nearest related to P. Vaseji, but differs in the villous stem and involucre. In habit it also reminds one of P. luiiflora and P. iniiloides, but in these species the bracts are nearly in a single equal series. P. lagopus grows on dry plains and in saline flats. Wyoming: Hams Fork and La Barge, 1900, C. C. Curtis (type). Colorado : North Park, 1899 (collector not given, but plants distributed from Herb. State Agr. Coll., under no. J2j2). Tetradymia linearis sp. nov. A low, unarmed shrub ; bark of the older stems shining and flaky, that of the young branches more or less white tomentu- lose ; leaves linear, white-tomentose, somewhat keeled, more or less arcuate-squarrose and pungent-pointed ; bracts of the invo- RVDBERG : ROCKV MOUNTAIN FLORA 131 lucre usually 4, oblong, acute, white-tomentose, about 8 mm. long ; flowers about 4 ; lobes of the corolla linear, about 3 mm. long ; pappus very copious, yellowish ; bristles scabrous ; achenes hirsute-villous. This species grows on dry hills and tablelands up to an alti- tude of 2300 m. It is nearest related to T. incnins Nutt., but is distinguished by the narrow, more or less squarrose, and pungent leaves. Utah : Rock Creek, 1877, Palmer 264^ (type, iii herb. Colum- bia University). Colorado: Gunnison, 1901, Baker Sjj. Arnica coloradensis sp. nov. Perennial, about 2 dm. high and with about 3 pairs of leaves ; stem villous ; basal leaves obovate, nearly sessile, sparingly pubes- cent, 4—5 cm. long ; stem-leaves sessile, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 -nerved ; heads often solitary or few ; mvolucre hemispherical ; bracts broadly oblanc^^olate, acute or acuminate, often tinged with purple, sparingly villous and somewhat glandular, 8-9 mm. long ; rays bright-yellow, over i cm. long and 5 mm. wide ; achenes finely strigose. This species is perhaps nearest related to A. siibplumosa, but differs in the low habit, the single or 'iQ\N heads, and the broad involucral bracts. Colorado : 1872, Parry (in herb. Columbia University). Carduus Osterhoutii sp. nov. Stout ; stem round-angled and striate, more or less tinged with purple, more or less arachnoid-hairy ; leaves pinnately parted about halfway to the midrib, glabrate above, white-tomentose beneath ; lobes at least of the larger leaves oblong, obtuse with a weak spine ; heads 2.5—3 cm. high and about 2 cm. broad ; bracts arachnoid-hairy, linear-lanceolate, without glandular dorsal ridge, gradually tapering into an almost erect, stout, flat spine ; pappus scabrous. This is nearest related to C. Hookeriamis and C. orcopliiliis, but differs from both in the oblong, obtuse lobes of the larger leaves and the long, stout, flat spines of the involucre. Colorado : Red Cliff, Eagle Co., 1902, OsterJiout .?7o(5(type) ; Tennessee Pass, 2640. 132 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Carduus perplexans sp. nov. Rather slender, about 5 dm. high ; stem striate, purplish, slightly tomentose ; lower leaves oblanceolate, the upper lanceo- late and clasping, all merely toothed, with weak yellowish spines, glabrous and somewhat glaucous above, rather thinly white-tomen- tose beneath ; heads about 3 cm. high and broad ; bracts well im- bricated, usually with a glandular back, the outer shorter and tipped with a short weak spine, the inner tipped with a dilated, deltoid, erose appendage ; corolla rose or red-purple. The appendages of the bracts would place this species nearest C. Ccntanrcae, but the bracts are broader and have a distinct glandular back, the corolla is pink or purplish, and the whole plant suggests C. altissiniiis and its relatives. In fact the species combines characters of the Carliiioidcs and the Altis'iiiiuis groups. It grows at an altitude of nearly 2100 m. Colorado: Cimarron, xgox, Bakcj- 2S6. Carduus coloradensis sp. nov. Cnicus Dniuiuiotidii A. Gray Syn. Fl. i" : 402, in part, /. c, as to the Colorado specimens. Rather stout, simple, 3-5 dm. high ; stem striate, sparingly arachnoid; leaves 1.5—2 dm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, linear or oblong; in outline, pinnately lobed about half-way to the midrib, spar- ingly arachnoid above, more or less white-tomentose beneath ; lobes ovate, tipped with yellowish spines 2—5 mm. long and bor- dered with smaller spines ; heads 3-4 cm. high and about as broad ; bracts glabrous or nearly so, firm, more or less yellowish, without dorsal glandular ridge, well imbricated in many unequal series ; the outer with weak spines ; the inner unarmed and with slightly dilated crisp tips ; corolla white or slightly pinkish. This species has gone under the name of C. Drmninoiidii, but the latter has larger heads often 5 cm. high and broad, broader and thin flat brownish or greenish bracts, broader erose appendages, red-purple corolla, and the leaves more deeply dissected, more arachnoid and scarcely at all tomentose. In reality C. coloradensis is more closely related to C. scariosus, from which it differs mainly in the less deeply dissected leaves and broader segments. Colorado : Pagosa Springs, 1899, Baker 6^^ (type) ; Gunni- son, 1 90 1, Baker jg2 ; Wolcott, 1 902, Osterliout 26ji . Rydberg : Rocky MoUxXtain flora 133 Carduus floccosus sp. nov^ Stout, about I m. high ; stem angled, loosely floccose ; leaves oblanceolate in outline, about 2 dm. long, loosely floccose on both sides, divided two-thirds to the midrib; lobes 2-cleft, each division lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm. long, tipped with a spine about 5 mm. long ; heads about 3 cm. high, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide ; bracts slightly floccose on the margin and with a very narrow glandular dorsal line ; the outer lanceolate, the inner linear-lanceolate, all with a short and weak spine ; corolla red-purple. This species belongs to the C. undiilatus group and has been mistaken for that species. It has almost the same kind of leaves, although more loosely floccose ; but the heads are very different, resembling more those of C. Flodinanii and C. altissinius, the bracts having a very slender glandular dorsal line. Colorado: Wolcott, 1902, Ostcrlioitt 26^2. Carduus Tracyi sp. nov. Simple below ; stem 3-7 dm. high, striate and loosely floc- cose ; leaves oblanceolate in outline, divided to near the base, green but slightly floccose above, more or less tomentose be- neath ; lobes oblong to linear-lanceolate, tipped with yellow spines 5-8 mm. long; heads 3-3.5 cm. high and about 3 cm. or less wide ; bracts slightly floccose when young, yellowish with a very broad and dark glandular spot on the back, the outermost and inner narrowly lanceolate, the middle ovate-lanceolate, all with a short spreading spine ; corolla ochroleucous. This is nearest related to C. Nelsonii Pammel, but is less to- mentose, has smaller heads, more acute leaf-segments, and broader bracts with shorter, more slender and spreading spines. It grows in dry fields at an altitude of about 2100 m. Colorado: Mancos, 1898, Baker, Earlc & Tracy go [Xy^t); Green Mountain Falls, 1895, E. A. Bcsscy. Gaertneria linearis sp. nov. Perennial, shrubby at base ; stems about 2 dm. high, sparingly hn-sute, branched ; leaves once or twice pinnate, 3-4 cm. long, strigose above, minutely tomentulose beneath ; lobes linear, ob- tuse, 3—5 mm. long ; staminate racemes about 3 cm. long ; heads nodding, 3—4 mm. wide; involucre strigose, cleft scarcely half- ways into rounded-ovate lobes ; pistillate involucre with few slender spines. 134 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora This is perhaps nearest related to G. tcnuifolia, but is shrubby at base ; the leaves are smaller, finely tomentulose beneath and with linear obtuse (instead of oblong acute) divisions, of which the terminal is not conspicuously elongated. G. linearis grows at an altitude of 2100 m. Colorado : Calhan, 1893, Saunders. Crepis tomentulosa sp. nov. Scapose perennial, with a taproot ; leaves basal, glabrous and glaucous, I -1. 5 dm. long, oblanceolate in outline, acute, sessile, dentate with sharp salient or reflexed teeth ; scape 4-5 dm. high ; stem-leaves, if any, linear-lanceolate, bract-like, entire ; involucre turbinate, about 12 mm. high, as well as the upper part of the branches of the inflorescence tomentulose when young ; bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with dark backs, and with a few calyc- culate ones at their base ; ligules bright-yellow, nearly i cm. long. This species is nearest related to C. glanea, from which it dif- fers principally in the tomentulose involucre and peduncles. It grows at an altitude of nearly 3000 m. Colorado : Ruxton Dell, near Pikes Peak, 1901, Clements j^2. Crepis petiolata sp. nov. Perennial ; stem with 1—3 leaves, glabrous and often purplish below, more or less glandular-hirsute above, especially the branches of the inflorescence ; basal leaves long-petioled ; blades oblanceolate or spatulate, usually obtuse, sinuate-dentate or entire, about I dm. long, glabrous and glaucous ; stem-leaves oblanceo- late and usually sessile; involucre about 12 mm. high, turbinate- campanulate, pubescent with glandular black hairs ; bracts linear- lanceolate, acuminate ; ligules about 12 mm. long and 3 mm. wide ; achenes strongly ribbed ; pappus white. This species is related to C. rnneinata, but the leaves are glabrous and long-petioled, and the stem-leaves are usually ample. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of 2000—2700 m. Colorado : Along Bear River, five miles east of Hayden, i^gg, Osterhoiit 21 {{.y^&); Georgetown, i^g^^, Ryddei-g. Wyoming : Headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, 1900, Tzveedy jo88. Crepis perplexans sp. nov. A scapose perennial ; leaves about 1 dm. long, glaucous and glabrous or rarely with a few hairs on the midrib below and on Ryuberg : Rocky Mountain flora 135 the margin of the narrower base, oblanceolate, sessile or short- petioled, usually more or less runcinate-toothed ; scape glabrous ; involucres turbinate-campanulate, about i cm. high, more or less glandular-hairy with yellowish hairs and slightly tomentulose when young ; bracts lineai'-lanceolate, acuminate ; rays yellow, about I cm. long ; achenes brown, strongly ribbed ; pappus white. This has been confused with C. nmciuata, but that species has thinner hairy leaves, which are scarcely glaucous. C. coiifiisa is really more closely related to C. glmica, from which it differs only in the pubescence of the involucre and the usually broader leaves. C. confusa grows in valleys from North Dakota and Alberta to Nebraska and Colorado. As the type may be regarded : Wyoming: Encampment, Carbon Co., 1901, Tivcedy ^081. Crepis denticulata sp. no v. Scapose perennial ; leaves basal, obovate or more rarely obo- vate-oblanceolate, glabrous or nearly so, obtuse, less than i cm. long, denticulate or with a few lobes towards the base ; scape 1—3 dm. high, glabrous up to the inflorescence ; involucre turbinate, scarcely i cm. high, hirsute with glandular black hairs, as well as the branches of the inflorescence ; ligules about 8 mm. long ; achenes brown, strongly ribbed ; pappus white. This species is nearest related to C. riparia, but is a much smaller plant in every part and with glabrous leaves. It grows in the mountains. Colorado : Lake John, North Park, 1898, Shear & Bcssiy 4004 (type). Wyoming: Fort Bridger, 1873, Porter. Utah : 1875, Parry 62 ; Jordan Valley, 1869, Watson 'J12. Crepis angustata sp. nov. Crepis gracilis Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 461, in part. 1900. Not C. occidentalis gracilis D. C. Eaton. Perennial, whole plant more or less canescent-puberulent and scabrous ; stem 3—7 dm. high ; basal leaves and lower stem-leaves petioled, runcinate ; main body narrowly linear-lanceolate, acu- minate ; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, usually curved forward ; upper stem-leaves entire and sessile ; involucre cylindric, about i cm. high and 5 mm. broad ; bracts 5-7, linear-lanceolate, acute, canescent but not glandular, with a few minute calyculate ones below ; flowers 5-10. 13(5 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora This species has been taken for C. gracilis, or C. intermedia gracilis, under which name it is more commonly known, but the latter has much narrower leaves, the main portion not being wider than the long lobes. C. intennedia, to which it is more closely related, has much broader main portion of the leaves, and the lobes are lanceolate and usually directed downward. C. angiistata grow on hillsides from Montana and Washington to Colorado and Oregon. Colorado: North Park, 1896, Baker [tyy^o). ■ Agoseris maculata sp. nov. Leaves oblanceolate, more or less pubescent, especially on the margins and veins ; scape 1-2 dm. high, often sparingly hairy and villous under the head ; involucre campanulate, about 2 cm. high ; outer bracts ov^ate or ovate-lanceolate, more or less villous especially on the margins, dotted with blackish dots ; inner bracts lanceolate ; ligules yellow or the outer tinged with reddish ; achenes with a short striate beak. This is somewhat related to A. villosa, but differs in the broad acuminate outer bracts. It grows in the mountains of Colorado at an altitude of 3000-3900 m. Colorado : Silver Plume, 1895, Shear ^60 j (type) ; Tennessee Pass, 1902, Osterhout 26^^. Agoseris attenuata sp. nov. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 1-1.5 dm. long, glabrous and glaucous, usually denticulate, tapering into a short petiole ; scape about 1.5 dm. high, villous near the head ; involucre campanulate, about 2 cm, high ; outer bracts lanceolate, somewhat villous on the margins, purplish on the back ; inner bracts linear- lanceolate long-attenuate, equaling the pappus ; achenes light-brown, with thick ribs, contracted above into a short striate beak. This is related to A. pnvnla and A. glanca, but differs from the former in the smaller heads and narrower leaves, from the latter in the more or less villous involucre, and from both in the elongated inner bracts. It grows at an altitude of nearly 3000 m. Colorado: Mountain west of North Park, 1900, Osterhoiit 224S. Agoseris roseata sp. nov. Leaves about 2 dm. long, long-petioled ; blades oblanceolate, acute, denticulate or entire, glabrous and glaucous ; scape 5—6 dm. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 137 high, slightly villous above ; involucre campanulate, 1.5-2 cm. high ; bracts oblong-ovate, acute, nearly glabrous, often with a rose- colored spot in the middle ; corolla rose-colored ; achenes about i cm. long, as well as the short beak strongly striate. In habit and flowers this resembles most A. aurautiaca, but is glabrous and glaucous, and the achene with its short beak places it in the A. glauca group. Colorado : Bear River, 20 miles below Steamboat Springs, 1899, Ostcrhout. Agoseris humilis sp. nov. Leaves spreading or ascending, oblanceolate or linear-oblan- ceolate, 6-10 cm. long, entire or denticulate, glabrous or slightly hairy on the short petioles; scape 1-1.5 (seldom 2) cm. high, slightly villous below the head ; involucre 1.5-2 cm. high ; bracts linear-lanceolate, slightly villous-ciliate ; corolla rose-purple, or at first orange; achenes 12-15 """t^- lo^g- ^^'ith a long, scarcely striate beak. This is closely related to A. gracilens, but differs in the low habit, small heads and more spreading leaves. It grows at an altitude of about 2700 m. Colorado: Ironton Park, 1901, Undcrzvood & Selby jo8 (type); Tennessee Pass, 1902, Ostcvlioiit 2^ 10. Agoseris rostrata sp. nov. Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, about 2 dm. long, usually more or less laciniate with linear lobes, glabrous and glaucous ; scape 2-6 dm. high, more or less villous, especially under the head ; involucre fully 3 cm. high ; outer bracts oblong or ovate, obtuse, glabrous, about half as long as the elongated linear or linear-lanceolate inner ones ; corolla orange or purple ; achenes iully 2 cm. long, with a very long and slender, not striate, beak. In habit this most resembles A. data, but the bracts and the achenes associate it with A. grandiflora. Colorado: Lower Boulder Canon, 1901, Osterliont j^yS (type) ; between Sunshine and Ward, 1902, Tivecdy 48 gj. Taraxacum leiospermum sp. nov. Leaves spreading, oblanceolate, less than i dm. long, dark- green, obtuse or acutish, retro rse-dentate, rarely lobed ; scape about I dm. high, slightly villous when young ; outer bracts 7- 10 mm. long, lanceolate with spreading tips; inner linear, about 138 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora twice as long ; neither corniculate ; achenes greenish, ribbed, tuberculate above, but otherwise smooth. Probably related to T. mignstifoUum Greene, but that is de- scribed as having much narrower leaves and erect outer bracts. It differs from T. montanum in the longer, narrower and spreading bracts and the less lobed leaves. Colorado: Tennessee Pass, 1902, Osterhout 26^ j (type); Seven Lakes, 1896, E. A. Bcssey. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 73 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XV By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1905 [From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 32 : 597-610. 1906] I From the Bulletin of the Torkey Botanical Club, 32 : 597-610. 1905 Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XV Per Axel Rydberg NEW YO?^^ In preparing my Flora of Colorado, to be issued as a Bulletin from the Agricultural College at Fort" Collins, Colorado, and now in press, I have found it necessary to change the nomenclature of a number of species. As the scope of the Flora comprises only keys to the families, genera and species, and an enumeration of localities where specimens have been collected, it has been impos- sible to include therein any fuller synonomy with citations, or any discussions. It has, therefore, seemed advisable to make the publication of these changes and notes elsewhere. Caryopitys monophylla (Torr. & Frem.) Rydb. Piniis inonophj'llus Torr. & Frem. Rep. 319. 1845. Dr. Small in his Flora of the Southeastern United 'States has followed the more modern views in dividing genera, which consist of very natural sections or subgenera, into as many separate genera. The genus Finns as usually treated contains at least four distinct subgenera, better defined and more easily distinguished from each other, than for instance Picea and Tsnga. Three ot these had already generic names, viz.: Finns L. (proper), Apinns Necker and Strobiis Opiz. Dr. Small had to give the fourth group, which is wholly American, a new name, Caryopitys. In the Rocky Mountain region the genus is represented by the type species C. ednlis (Engelm.) Small, and by the species given above. One of the four genera is not represented within the area covered by Dr. Small's work, vi:z.: Apinus Necker, Elem. Bot. 3: 269. 1790 Most of Necker' s genera are hard to determine, but in this case Necker not only gives the characters by which he distin- guishes the genus from Finns proper, but also cites two species,. viz.: ccnibra and pinca. In the Kew Index, the genus is given, but no species are mentioned. The way in which Necker makes 597 598 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora his statement, there is all the reason to claim that the two species are there published as Apiiiiis. Necker states that Larix contains 3 species, 7^/^./ decidua, cedriis and strobus ; Finns 2, sylvestris and tacda : Apimis also 2, viz.: cembra and pinea, but Abies 5, etc. If Necker had meant that these were the Linnaean species of Pinus to be distributed among the different genera, he would have stated it differently. There was no Pinus decidua L., but a Pinus Larix L. and a Larix decidua Miller. Apinus is most related to Strobus, but differs in the thick cone-scales, the erect or horizontal instead of pendent cone and a ver)^ hard-shelled seed with only a vestige of a wing. In the Rocky Mountains, it is represented by the two following species : Apinus flexilis (James) Rydb. Pinus flexil is ]2im&s, in Long's Exped. 2: 34. 1823. Apinus albicaulis (Engelm.) Rydb. Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2 : 209. 1863. Sabina utahensis (Engelm.) Rydb. Juniperus calif arnica utahensis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3 : 588. 1877. Haller's genus Sabina is also one just as consistently taken up by Dr. Small. I shall here give only the Rocky Mountain species to be referred to this genus. Sabina monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb. Junipcrus occidentalis nionospenna Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 590. 1877. Sabina Knightii (A. Nels.) Rydb. Juniperus Knightii A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 25: 198. 1898. Sabina scopulorum (Sargent) Rydb. Juniperus scopulorum SdiYgQwt, Gdii-dQn 3.nd Forest 10 : 420. 1897. Sparganium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydb. Sparganiuni simplex multipedunculata Morong, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 79. 1888. RVDBERG : ROCKV MOUNTAIN FLORA 599 This is quite distinct from 5. simplex L. To the characters given by the late Dr. Morong may be added the broad scarious margins of the leaf-sheaths. This character it has in common with .S. amcri- caninn Nutt. of the eastern United States and 5". siibvagiitatum Meinsh. of Europe. In fact, Meinshausen included C. C. Parry's plant from Colorado in the latter. It is, however, very doubtful if it belong there, for the original description of vS. snbvagiuatinn does not fit our plant very well. ^. iniiltipcdiinculatuui ranges from the Mackenzie River and Washington to Colorado. Potamogeton Richardsonii (Bennett) Rydb. Potamogcton pcrfoliatus la)iccolatus Robbins, in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 488. 1867. "^ol P. pcrfoliatus lanceolatus ^XyW.. \'^(b\. Potainogcto)i pcrfoliatus Richardsonii Bennett, Jour. Bot. 27: 25. 1889. Our common North American plant does not seem to inter- grade at all with the true P. pirfoliatus L. Stipa Porteri Rydb. Stipa moiigolica (Thurber, in A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863 : 79, hyponym. 1863.) Port. & Coult. Syn. Fl. Colo. 145. 1874. Not .S". jiioi/golica Turcz. In the enumeration of Hall and Harbour's plants, Thurber •determined this plant as ^S". moiigolica Turcz., which is evidently ■erroneous. He gives the name and a short discussion but no de- scription. A good description was afterwards given by Porter and Coulter in the Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado. Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. Vilfa cuspidata Torr. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 238. 1839. Spo'-obolits cuspidata Wood, Bot. & Fl. 385. 1870. The group of grasses, which Torrey, Trinius and Thurber re- garded as a good generic type and for which they adopted the name Vilfa, is altogether out of place in the genus Sporobolns, where its species have been placed by authors. They are no "Drop-seed" grasses at all, the grain remaining enclosed in the firm flowering glume. They should be taken out of Sporobolns, but if they should constitute a genus by themselves is question- 600 Rydbekg : Rocky Mountain flora able. The generic name Vilfa is not available, for the type of Vilfa Adans. is apparently a species of Agrostis. As there is no character, whatever, to separate these plants from MiiJilcnbergia as now limited, the only rational way to treat them at present is to transfer them all to Muhlcnbergia. At any rate, they are conge- neric with M. WrigJitii Vasey, slender specimens of which are very hard to distinguish from M. aispidata here proposed. The other Rocky Mountain species are : Muhlenbergia Richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. Vilfa Richardsonis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. Nat. 5' : 103. 1840. '> Agrostis hrcvifolia Nutt. Gen. i : 44. 18 18. The specific name hrcvifolia may have to be taken up for this species, but it is doubtful if Agrostis hrcvifolia is a synonym of this. Professor Scribner claims that it belongs to the preceding species. What Vilfa Richardsonis Trin. is, is not doubtful, and that specific name is therefore preferable. Muhlenbergia simplex (Scribn.) Rydb. Sporoholus simplex Scribn. Bull. U. S. Div. Agrost. ii : 48. 1898. Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. Vilfa dcpaupcrata filifornns Thurb.; S. Wats. Bot. King's ExpL 376. 1871. Vilfa gracillinia Thurb. Bot. Calif. 2: 268. 1880. Not Mnh- lenhergia gracillinia Torr. 1856. Sporoholus filiformis Rydb. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 189. 1895. Muhlenbergia aristulata Rydb. Sporoholus aristatus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 266. 1 90 1. Not Muhlcnhcrgia aristata Pers. 1805. Muhlenbergia Wolfii (Vasey) Rydb. Vilfa minima Vasey, Bot. Wheeler Surv. 282. 1878. Not V, minima Trin. 1855. Sporoholus Wolfii W 3iSty , Bull. Torrey Club 10 : 52. 1883. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 601 Muhlenbergia Thurberi Rydb. Sporoholus filiculinis Vasey ; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2 : 288. 1896. Not S. filiculmis Dewey. 1894. Vi'f a filiculinis Thurber ; Beal, /. r., as a synonym. Both Sporoholus filiculinis Vasey and Vilfa fiiliculviis Thurber appeared in 1885 in Vasey's Catalogue of the Grasses of United States, on page 44 ; but both are there nomina nuda and the first place where a description js published is, as far as I can find, in Beal's Grasses of North America. In the meantime Dewey had published another Sporoholus filwulinis which invalidates that specific name. Sporoholus flexuosus (Thurber) Rydb. Sporoholus cryptandrus flexuosus Thurber ; Vasey, Bot. Wheeler Surv. 282. 1878. This is evidently specifically distinct from S. cryptandrus. Deschampsia alpicola Rydb. sp. nov. Deschanipsia cacspilosa alpina Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 368 ; at least in part. 1896. Not D. alpina R. & S. 18 17. Densely cespitose, tufted perennial ; sterile shoots numerous ; sheaths 2—3 cm. long, glabrous, striate ; ligules linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 5 mm. long ; blades 1-2 dm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, stiff, often more or less involute ; culm-leaves with sheaths 1-1.5 dm. long and blades 1—4 cm. long; culms 3—5 dm. high; panicle short, open, 8—15 cm. long, its branches in 2's to 5's, 3-6 cm. long, soon spreading ; spikelets about 5 mm. long ; empty glumes about 4 mm. long, lanceolate, acute ; flowering glume nearly as long, hirsute at the base ; awn attached one third or one-fourth from the base, one and a half to two times as long as the glume, bent and twisted. This differs from D. cacspitosa in the large flowers and the long awns. It has been mistaken for D. ho.'inica, but that species has long narrow inflorescence and comparatively longer empty glumes. D. alpicola is rather common in alpine regions of Colorado. A similar if not identical form is also found in Alaska. As the type may be designated : Colorado: Mountain meadows. Pike's Peak, Sept. 4, 1901, at an altitude of 3600 meters, L. M. Underwood XX. 602 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Graphephorum Shearii (Scribn.) Rydb. Iristtitui argoitciiiii Scribn. Bull. U. S. Div. Agrost. II : 49. 1898. Not T. argenteiiin R. & S. 18 17. Trisctinn Shearii Scvxhn. Circ. U. S. Div. Agrost. 30 : 8. 1901. Professor Scribner has merged GvapJicpJiorum into Triscium. I think, though, that they should be retained as two distinct genera, even if the former should be transferred to the tribe Avciicae. Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb. Uiiiola stricta Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1:155. 1824. Distichlis inaritinia stricta T\\\xrhQv,lt^o\.. Calif. 2: 306. 1880. Distichlis spicata stricta Scribn. Mem. Torrey Club 5 : 51. 1894. Eatonia robusta (Vasey) Rydb. Eatonia obtiisata robusta Vasey ; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2 : 493. 1896. To the characters given in the original description should be added : intermediate nerves of the second glume very strong, and leaf-blades firm, much broader than the sheaths, and therefore forming distinct auricles at the base. The nerves mentioned are in this species almost as prominent as the lateral nerves. In E. obtiisata they are faint, while the lateral ones are very prominent. Eatonia intermedia Rydb. sp. no v. Culm 6—8 dm. high, 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, striate, shining; sheaths 5—15 cm. long, striate, minutely scabrous ; ligules about 2 mm. long, truncate, erose and often cleft; blades 8—15 cm. long, 3—5 mm. wide, usually flat, broader than the sheaths and therefore forming distinct auricles at the base ; inflorescence rather narrow and dense, 8-15 cm. long, 1—3 cm. wide; spikelet usually 2- flowered ; first empty glume about 2 mm. long, subulate, scabrous on the back ; second empty glume oblanceolate in side view, rather firm, slightly scarious on the margin, with prominent sca- brous nerves, obtusish, about as wide as the flowering glumes, a little over 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide ; flowering glume oblong- lanceolate in side-view, rather firm, with faint nerves and minutely scabrous ; palate narrowly linear, scarious. This species has been named both E. obtiisata and E. pciiusyl- vanica, and is intermediate between the two. From the former it RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 603 differs in the narrower second glume, which is scarcely broader than the flowering glume and neither truncate nor cucullate at the apex ; from E. pciiiisjhaiiica it differs in the denser inflorescence and the firmer and less acute second glume, which has the texture of that of E. obtnsata. In E. poinsylvanica the second empty glume is thin, very acute and with a broad scarlous margin. A few of the specimens to be referred to this are given here : Montana: East Gallatin Swamps, July 24, 1896, P. A. Rydbcrg J174 (type) and 3173; Columbia Falls, 1893, A'. 5. Williams ; Blue Cloud, near Helena, 1887, F. D. Kclscy. Colorado: Gunnison, 1901, C. F. Baker 32^; Pagosa Springs, 1899, Baker i6g ; Durango, 1898, Baker, Earle &■ Tracy gjo (the last determined as Agrostis exarata). Poa callichroa Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock, but more or less matted ; culm about 3 dm. high, mostly leafy at the base ; sheaths strongly striate, 2-10 cm. long ; ligules lanceolate or ovate, acute, about 3 mm. long ; blades of the lower leaves 6-10 cm. long, 3—4 mm. wide, firm, dark-green, strongly veined ; blades of the upper leaves about 3 cm. long, erect ; panicle 6-9 cm. long, open ; branches mostly in 3's or 4's below, the lowermost 2-3 cm. long ; spikelets 6-8 mm. long, 5-7 -flowered ; empty glumes lanceolate in side- view, about 5 mm. long, acuminate, purple with greenish or brown- ish margins ; flowering glumes 4—5 mm. long, lanceolate, acumi- nate, with strong nerves, green below, then purple, then brown, and white and scarious above ; nerves and internerves more or less villous ; cobweb at the base present but scant. This species is a relative of P. arctica and P. cciiisia, but differs from both in the taller habit, broader leaves and larger, 5-7- flowered (instead of 3-4-flowered) spikelets. Colorado : Dead Lake, near Pike's Peak, August 14, 1901, F. E. &. E. S. Clements ^37. Poa pudica Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a short rootstock and often tufted ; culm 2—3 dm. high ; lower leaves with short sheaths, which are often rather loose ; ligules truncate, about 2 mm. long ; blades 4—5 cm. long, usually conduplicate, strongly nerved ; sheaths of the stem-leaves 5—7 cm. long ; blades 2—4 cm. long, erect ; panicle 4—8 cm. long, 604 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora open ; branches usually in pairs, in age reflexed ; the lowest 4—5 cm. long, bearing the sp'ikelets near the ends ; spikelets 4—5 mm. long, mostly 3-flovvered ; empty glumes lanceolate in side view, strongly veined, usually purple, acuminate ; flowering glumes lanceolate, sharp-acuminate, greenish below, then purplish and scarious at the apex ; cobweb present but scant ; internerves glabrous and nerves pubescent. The type specimens were determined by Professor Scribner as P. arctica, but it differs from that species in the smaller more sharply acuminate flowering glumes and their glabrous inter- nerves. These characters would place it closer to P. rcflcxa. The latter species is, however, taller, and the intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes are glabrous. Colorado : Stephen's Mine, below Gray's Peak, Aug. 23, 1895, P. A. Rydberg 2jf^j (type) ; near Pagosa Peak, Aug. 1899, C. F. Baker 2og (determined as P. reflexa) ; high mountains about Empire, 1892, H. N. Patterson 2'j2. Poa macroclada Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock ; culm 6-8 dm. high ; sheaths 5-15 cm. long, rather loose, strongly striate, slightly scab- rous ; ligules ovate, acute, about 2 mm. long; leaf-blades 7—10 cm. long, 2 mm. or less wide, flat, glabrous, firm and dark-green ; panicle 2-3 dm. long, open ; branches in 3's-5's, in fruit reflexed or spreading, the lower often i dm. long, with the spikelets near the ends ; spikelets often about 5 mm. long, 2- or 3-flowered ; empty glumes lanceolate, very acute, more or less purplish ; flow- ering glume lanceolate, acute or acuminate, glabrous, slightly pur- ple-tinged ; intermediate veins faint and cobweb scant. This species is related to P. apcrta, but differs in the long slen- der branches of the panicle and the glabrous flowering glumes. Colorado: Roger's, Gunnison Watershed, August 14, 1901, C. F. Baker S02. Poa interior R}'db. sp. nov. Poa iieiiioralis Scribn. Bull. U. S. Div. Agrost. 17: 250. 1899. Not P. nevwralis L. 1753. 1 Poa eaesia Coult. Man. Rocky Mt. Reg. 421. 1885. Not P. t-rtcw/^-? Smith. i8co. The grass common throughout the Rocky Mountain region and extendiiiLj in the north from Alaska to the Dakotas and een- Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 605 erally known as P. ncinoralis is quite different from the European plant. The latter is found in America as sparingly introduced in the Eastern States. The European plant is taller, with soft, flaccid leaves, ovate or lanceolate acute ligules, larger spike- lets and narrowly lanceolate empty glumes which are tapering gradually at the apex and much narrower than the flowering glumes. The American plant is usually lower and stiffer, has rather firm leaves, truncate ligules, smaller spikelets, broader empty glumes, which are rather abruptly acuminate and at least the second almost as broad as the flowering glumes. The name P. nenioralis was used for the American plant by Hooker and Arnott,* but appears there without a description. It was adopted by several authors on western botany ; but, as far as I know, never described under that name, until 1899 by Professor Scribner. His description and plate illustrates the American rather than the European plant. As the type may be designated : Wyoming : Headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, 1900, Frank Tu'ccdy 3706. Poa phoenicea Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock and extravaginal innova- tions ; culm 5-6 dm. high, leafy; sheaths loose, 5-15 cm. long, striate ; ligules triangular-lanceolate or ovate, acute, about 5 mm. long ; blades 1—2 dm. long, about 2 mm. wide, rather firm, strongly veined ; panicle 6—10 cm. long, open, its branches mostly in pairs, the lower 5-6 cm. long; spikelets 4-5-flowered, ^-y mm. long ; empty glumes lanceolate, acuminate, purple or green below and purple above, glabrous and shining ; flowering glumes lanceolate, green at the base, purple in the middle and brownish-scarious at the top ; both nerves and internerves villous ; cobweb none ; intermediate nerves very faint. This species resembles somewhat P. pscudo-pratcusis, P. cpihs and P. piLvpurasccns Vasey (see below). From the first it differs by the more acuminate glumes, the faint intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes and the longer, narrower leaves ; from the other two by the open inflorescence, the villous, not scabrous flowering glumes and the creeping rootstock. Colorado : Pike's Peak Valley, Aug. 21, 1901, F. E. & E. S. Clements ^66. * I!ot. Beech. Voy. 132. 1832. 606 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Poa subpurpurea Rydb. nom. nov. Poa pjirpurasccns Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 297. 188 1. Not P. pur- piirasccns Sprengel. 18 19. Poa tricholepis Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a creeping rootstock and extravaginal innova- tions ; sheaths of the basal leaves short, 2-4 cm. long, strongly striate, rather loose, minutely retrorse-striate ; blades 5-10 cm. long, a little over i mm. wide, scabrous ; sheaths of culm-leaves 7-12 cm. long; blades 2-6 cm. long, sometimes nearly 2 mm. wide ; ligules lanceolate, acuminate, about 4 mm. long ; culm slender, 3—5 dm. high ; panicle 6—8 cm. long, open, its branches in pairs, 2—3 cm. long ; spikelets 3-4-flowered, 5-8 mm. long ; empty glumes about 4 mm. long, lanceolate in side view, acute^ green and purple towards the apex ; flowering glumes about 4 mm. long, villous below, strigose above, green, bordered with purple and a scarious border, obtuse. This is related to P. Wlicclcri and P. Vascyaiia, but is easily distinguished from both by the obtuse flowering glume, which is villous below. In the two species mentioned the flowering glume is very acute and strigulose or scabrous throughout, or in P. Vaseyana hairy on the nerves only. Colorado: Near Pagosa Peak, Aug. 1899, C. F. Baker 210. Poa nematophylla Rydb. sp. nov. A cespitose bunch -grass ; basal leaf-blades short, striate, min- utely retrosely strigulose ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, about 3 mm. long; blades i — 1.5 dm. long, filiform, strongly involute, less than 0.5 mm. wide, scabrous-strigulose ; culm-leaves few, near the base ; sheaths 4-6 cm. long ; blades 3—5 cm. long ; culm about 3 dm. high, filiform ; inflorescence narrow, raceme-like, 2—5 cm. long ; branches 2—10 mm. long, bearing often only a single spikelet ; spikelets 7—9 mm. long, about 4-flowered ; empty glumes about 4 mm. long, lanceolate, glabrous and shining ; flowering glumes about 6 mm. long, light-green, with a silvery scarious margin, very acute, strigose below, scabrous-strigulose above. Related to Poa idaJioeiisis, but distinguished by the narrow in- florescence and few racemosely disposed spikelets. Colorado : Meeker, Rio Blanco County, June 8, 1902, G. E. Osierhout 2601 . RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora (j07 Poa confusa Rydb. sp. nov. A tufted bunch-grass with intravaginal innovations ; sheaths of the basal leaves short, striate, glabrous ; blades 1—2 dm. long, 2—3 mm. wide, flat or involute, puberulent ; culm-leaves several ; sheaths 1-1.5 dm. long ; blades about i dm. long ; ligules broadly ovate or rounded, obtuse or acutish, about 2 mm. long ; culm 6-9 dm. high ; panicle narrow, 1-1.5 dm. long, dense ; branches short, strongly ascending ; spikelets 7—8 mm. long, usually 4-flowered ; empty glumes lanceolate in side-view, shining, minutely strigulose above; flow^ering glumes narrow, about 3.5 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at the apex, rounded on the back below, strigulose, yel- lowish-green with brownish scarious margin. This species has been confused with P. laevigata, P. liicida and P. iicvadcnsis. It differs from the first two by the short and broad ligules (in both the ligules are lanceolate and acuminate), and from the last by the empty glumes and in being scarcely scabrous. In P. iicvadcnsis the empty glumes are strongly nerved, elongated-lanceolate, almost equaling the oblong, very scabrous flowering glumes ; in P. confusa they are faintly nerved, broadly lanceolate, shorter than the flowering glumes. P. confusa grows in open " parks " and on hills from Nebraska and Montana to Colorado. As the type may be assigned : Wyoming : Medicine Bow Mountains, Albany County, ]\x\y 28, 1900, Avcn Nelson JjSy. Poa truncata Rydb. sp. nov. A species related to the preceding but stiffer ; basal leaves withering early; sheaths of culm-leaves lO— 15 cm. long, with con- spicuous hard auricles at the mouth ; ligules very short, about i mm. long, truncate ; blades 1—2 dm. long, 2—3.5 mm. wide, scabrous on the back ; culm about 9 dm. high, stiff; panicle about 1.5 dm. long, narrow, with almost erect scabrous branches ; spike- lets 3— 5-flowered, 7-9 mm. long ; empty glumes 5-6 mm. long, tinged with purple, scabrous on the nerves ; flowering glumes nar- row, about 5 mm. long, straw-colored or tinged with purple, strigu- lose throughout and slightly scabrous on the veins. The short truncate ligules separate this from the preceding and all other related species. Colorado: Dillon, Summit County, August 26, 1896, P. E. Clements ^j J. 608 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Festuca Earlei Rydb. sp. nov\ Perennial with rootstocks and extravaginal innovations ; basal leaves with short ligules ; blades filiform, 5— lo cm. long, strongly involute, 0.5 mm. wide or less; sheaths of the culm-leaves 3—5 cm. long, striate, smooth ; ligules very short, truncate ; blades 3—5 cm. long, I mm. wide or less ; culm about 3 dm. high, very slender ; panicle narrow and spike-like, 3—5 cm. long ; branches short and erect, smooth ; spikelets 2— 3-flowered, about 5 mm. long; first empty glume about 2 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate; the second about 3 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; flower- ing glumes narrowly lanceolate, about 4 mm. long, smooth, usually awned ; awn i mm. or less long. This species is related to F. rubra, but differs in the smaller few-flowered spikelets, the smaller flowering glumes, and the fine, soft leaves. Colorado: La Plata Canon, July 11, 1898, Baker, Earlc & Tracy ^20. Festuca ingrata (Hack.) Rydb. FestJica ornna ingrataYidiCk.; Beal, Grasses N.Am. 2 : 598. 1896. This is the common plant of the Rocky Mountain region, which has been known under the name F. oviua. It is quite dif- ferent from the P^uropean F. oz'iiia L. The latter is found in America only in the northeastern part of the continent. Festuca minutiflora Rydb. sp. nov. Tufted perennial with intravaginal innovations ; leaves mostly basal ; sheaths smooth, i cm. or so long ; ligules O.75 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at the apex ; blades 5-10 cm. long, narrow and flaccid, about 0.5 mm. wide ; sheaths of the culm-leaves 2—4 cm. long; blades 1—3 cm. long; culm very slender, t— 1.5 (seldom 3) dm. high; panicle very narrow, lax, 2-4 cm. long, with very short erect branches ; spikelets, excluding the awns, about 5 mm. long, 2— 3-flowered ; first empty glume narrowly lanceolate, 2—2.5 mrn- long, acute; the second 2.5—3 fntri- long, ovate-lanceolate, short- acuminate or awn-pointed ; flowering glume oblong-lanceolate, about 2 mm. long, purple-tinged above, abruptly contracted into a short awn, 1.5 mm. or less. This is closely related to F. hraclivplivUa, but differs in the smaller spikelets, the more abrupt]}' acuminate flowering glumes, the shorter awns, the laxer panicle and the soft filiform leaves. It RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 609 grows ill alpine situations of Colorado, at an altitude of 3000— 4000 meters, and is found apparently also in California. Colorado: Cameron Pass, July 13, 1869, C. F. Baker (type) ; near Pagosa Peak, 1899, Baker ij6 ; "Colorado," E. Blall 12; Mt. Lincoln, yir?//// Wolf; Tennessee Pass, 1893, De Alton Saunders ; Mt. Ouray, 1896, F. E. Clements 210^2; near Manitou, 1896, Clements ^6. Californla : Bolander jo66. Elymus strigosus Rydb. sp. nov. A cespitose perennial ; sheaths 3-8 cm. long, striate, glabrous or minutely puberulent, with distinct auricles at the mouth; ligules very short, truncate, i mm. long or less; blades 1—2 dm. long, about 3 mm. wide, flat or involute, scabrous ; culm 5—7 dm. high ; spike 1-1.5 dm. long; spikelets i or 2 at each node; empty glumes linear-subulate, 7—9 mm. long, very scabrous ; flowering glumes lanceolate, scabrous-strigose, awn-pointed or short-awned, without the awn about i cm. long. This is closely related to E. ambiguits, but distinguished by the scabrous strigose flowering glumes, the more scabrous empty glumes and the narrower leaves. Colorado : Near Boulder, at an altitude of 2300 meters, July 31,1886, C. W. Letterman jjj (type, labeled Agropyi'um dasy- stachynni), Wyoming : Naked shale slopes. Point of Rocks, Sweetwater County, 1900, Avcn Nelson 71 ji (labeled Elymns salinns). Elymus villiflorus Rydb. sp. nov. A cespitose perennial ; sheaths 4-10 cm. long, striate, gla- brous ; blades 1—2 dm. long, about 2 mm. wide, strongly involute, scabrous above ; culm 4—6 dm. high, finely retrorse-pubescent above; spike i — 1.5 dm. long; spikelets i or 2 at each node; empty glumes subulate, 7-9 mm. long ; flowering glumes lan- ceolate, 5-nerved, villous-hirsute, without the short awn about I cm. long. Closely related to the preceding and E. anihiguns, this is char- acterized by its long-haired and more strongly nerved flowering glume. It grows on plains and foothills at an altitude of 1500- 1800 meters. 610 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Colorado: Near Boulder, July, 1902, F. Tz^'cedj' ^81 S (type). Alberta: Banff, July 21, 1900, //. B. LaiK.^son. Juncoides intermedium (Thuill.) Rydb. Jiuiais tntennedhes ThuiW. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2. 178. 1799- Jnncns innltiflorns Ehrh. ; Hoffm. Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2. i : 169. 1800. Not /. vutltiflonts Retz. 1795. This is the plant that has been known in America under the name Luziila cauipcstris or Jwioidcs caiiipcstrc, but this North European species is found, if at all on this continent, only in the extreme northeastern portion. It is distinguished from J. intcr- inedhun by its fewer, larger and nodding spikelets. The name Jiinciis vinltifloms dates back as far as 1791, when Ehrhart i.^sued his set of grasses, sedges, etc., but as far as can be ascertained, it was never published for this plant before 1800, in the revised edition of Hoffmann's Flora. Nemexia lasioneuron (Hook.) Rydb. Svulax lasionciiroii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 173. 1838. Ncmcxia Jierbacca inclica Aven Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 175. 1904. Ibidium porrifolium (Lindl.) Rydb. Spirantlics porrifolia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 467. 1840. Mr. House * has shown that Ibidium Salisb. is the name that properly should be used for Spirantlics Richard and Gyrostacliys (Pers.) Kuntze ; OpJirys L. for Listcra R. Br. and Cytherea Salisb. for Calypso Salisb. The Rocky Mountain species of these genera, which have not already been transferred, are given here. Ophrys borealis (Morong) Rydb. Listcra borealis Morong, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 31. 1S93. Ophrys nephrophylla Rydb. Listcra iicpJirophylla Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card, i : 108. 1900. Ophrys caurina (Piper) Rydb. IJstera cauriiia YipQY, Erythea 6 : 32. 1898. New York Botanical Gardf.n. * Bull. Torrey Club 32 : 378-382. 1905. CONTRIBUTIONS FKOM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 82 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XVI By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1906 [From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 33 : 137-161. 1906] [From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 33 : 137-161. iqo6.] Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XVI Per Axel Rydberg Salix Watsonii (Bebb) Rydb. GARDfc Salix cordata Watsonii ^&hh, Bot. Calif. 2: 86. 1880. Salix flava Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 273. 1901. Not 5. flava Schoepf. 1796. Chenopodium oblongifoliura (S. Wats.) Rydb. Chenopodiiun leptopJiylhnii obloiigifvliinn'^. Wat.s. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 95. 1873. Atriplex subspicata (Nutt.) Rydb. Chejwpodiuni siibspicatum Nutt. Gen. Am. i: 199. 18 18. Atriplex patula subspicata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 107. 1873- Rumex praecox Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a thick fleshy rootstock ; stem 2-3 dm. high, striate ; basal leaves petioled, rather thick ; petioles 5—10 cm. long; blades oval or elliptic, 4-10 cm. long, 2—4 cm. wide, rounded at both ends ; stem-leaves similar, but smaller, short- petioled and more acute ; flowers perfect, in terminal and axillary panicles ; perianth-lobes oval, rounded at the apex ; the outer 1.5 mm., when fully developed about 3 mm. long, the inner 3—5 mm., without tubercles ; fruit developed before the perianth-lobes become much enlarged, shining. This species is related to R. occidentalism but is characterized by its fleshy tuber-like rootstocks and its precocious fruiting. Colorado: Grayback mining camps, 1900, Rydberg & Vrce- land 6j28 (type); Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy 2'jo. Paronychia brevicuspis (A. Nels.) R)'db. Paronychia sessiliflora bi-evicuspis A. Nels. Bull. Torre)' Club 26: 237. 1899. 137 138 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora LIMNIA L. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Ak. Hand. 1746: 130. 1746); Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 11. 18 12. Greene, Howell and Robinson have transferred a number of species from Claytonia to Ahvitia ; but none of them has given any obvious reason. Dr. Greene satisfied himself by transferring the sections Alsinastrum, Naiocrene and Montiastrum. These evidently come nearest to Montia of all the sections of Claytonia. Prof Howell, followed by Dr. Robinson, also transferred the sec- tion Limnia, and the rhizomatous species of Euclaytonia of Gray. The difference between the two genera Claytonia and Montia as now limited is practically reduced to the number of ovules ; 6 in the former, 3 in the latter. In Montia we find now both regular and irregular flowers, free petals and partly united petals, 5 sta- mens and 3 stamens, opposite stem-leaves and alternate stem- leaves, annuals and perennials, and of the latter several kinds, viz., with horizontal rootstocks, with short stolons bearing offsets, with slender runners bearing cormlets at the ends, or with axillary bulb- lets. In the olden time, Mo/itia was easily distinguished from Claytonia by its gamopetalous corolla cleft on one side. It may be that all the sections mentioned above should be removed from Claytonia, but they should not be transferred to Montia, making this genus more unnatural than Claytonia ever was. I think that in a family like Portnlacaccac, in which the modifications in the flowers are so slight, generic characters should to some degree be sought in the general habit. Instead of transferring the sec- tions to Montia it would have been better to restore the Linnaean genus Limnia (which was adopted by Haworth), and to include in it all the American species of Montia, except M. fontana ; or else to continue the splitting and propose several new genera. The typical Rocky Mountain species o{ Linniia are the following : Limnia asarifolia (Bong.) Rydb. Claytonia asarifolia Bong. Veg. Sitcha 137. 183 I. Limnia sibirica (L.) Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. i i. 18 12. Claytonia sibirica L. Sp. PI. 204. 1753. Limnia arenicola (Henderson) Rydb. Claytonia arcniccla Henderson, Bull. Torrey Club 22 : 49. 1895. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 139 LiMNiA PERFOLiATA (Donn) Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. ii. 1812. Claytonia pcrfoliata Donn, Ind. Hort. Cantab. 25. 1796. — Willd. Sp. PI. I : I 186. 1798. Limnia depressa (A. Gray) Rydb. Claytonia parvijl ova depressa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 281. 1887. Limnia parviflora (Dougl.) Rydb. Claytiviia parviflora Dougl. ; Hook. Y\. Bor. Am. i : 225, 1832. At lea.st two of the species of Claytonia transferred to Moiitia are, however, so unhke the rest that they can not very well be in- cluded in Limnia, but are better regarded as types of distinct genera. CRUNOCALLIS Rydb. gen. nov. , Procumbent or decumbent water or mud-plants, rooting at the nodes and producing long runners, \vhich develop small globose cormlets at the apex. Leaves several pairs, opposite. Sepals two, nearly equal. Corolla regular. Petals 5, similar and equal. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-ovuled. Capsule 1-3-seeded. Seeds gran- ular-muriculate. This genus has the flowers of Claytonia, but the general habit of Montia ; the mode of propagation and the seeds are different from both. Crunocallis Chamissonis (Ledeb.) Rydb. Claytonia Chaniissoi Ledeb. ; Spreng. Syst. i : 790. 1825. NAIOCRENE (T. & G.) Rydb. gen. nov. Claytonia § XaiocnncT. &. G. Fl. N. Am. i : 201, in part. 1838. Sarmentose, spreading or decumbent plants, with alternate fleshy leaves, bearing bulblets in their axils. Sepals very unlike, one broad and 2-lobed at the apex. Corolla regular or nearly so. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-ovuled. Seeds 1-3, shining. Naiocrene parvifolia (Mog.) Rydb. Claytonia parvifolia Mog. ; DC. Prodr. 3: 361. 1828. EROCALLIS Rydb. gen. nov. Perennials with globular corms. Radical leaf usually soli- tary, not present at flowering time. Stem low, with 2 or 3 140 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora whorled leaf-like bracts. Sepals 2, somewhat unequal. Petals 3-10, oblong. Capsule oblong-conical, circumscissile. The genus is closely related to Claytoiiia, and the only dis- tinctive character is the circumscissile capsule. Howell included it in Orcobroma and Robinson in Lcivisia ; in both genera, especi- ally the latter, it is out of place on account of its habit. Erocallis triphylla (S. Wats.) Rydb. Claytonia tripliylla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 345. 1875. Alsinopsis propinqua (Richardson) Rydb. Aroiaria propinqua Richardson, Franklin Journey 738. 1823. Arcnaria vcrna Jiirta S. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 41. 1 87 1. Not A . Jiirta Worms k j . Areiiariavenia [a)cq2iicaitlis A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 352. 1899. Alsinopsis Rossii (Richardson) Rydb. Arcnaria Rossii Richardson, P^ranklin Journey 738. 1823. Alsinopsis quadrivalvis (R. Br.) Rydb. Arcnaria quadrivalvis R. Br. in Parry ist Voy. app. cclxxi. 1824. Alsinopsis obtusiloba Rydb. Aroiaria obtnsa Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 170. 1827. Not A. obtnsa All. 1785. Arcnaria biflora S. Wats. Bibl. Index 94. 1878. Not .-J. bifiora L. 1767. Arcnaria sajancnsis Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 304. 1894. ^o\. A. sajancnsis^xWd. 18 16. Delphinium reticulatum (A. Nels.) Rydb. DclpJiininui occidcntalc rcticnlatinn A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 27 : 261. 1900. ODOSTEMON Raf Am. Monthly Mag. 2: 265. F 1818. MaJionia Nutt. Gen. Am. i: 211. 18 18. Both Odostenwn Raf. and Malionia Nutt. were published in the same year, but the former a few months earlier. The Rocky Mountain species are : RvDBERG : Rocky Mountan flora 141 Odostemon Aquifolium ( Pursh) Rydb. Bcrbcris Aquifoliiiin Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 219. 1814. Bcrbcris rcpcns Lindl. Bot. Reg. //. iijd. 1828. Bcrberis nana Greene, Pittonia 3 : 98. 1 896. Odostemon nutkanus (DC.) Rydb. Malionia Aqnifoliuui nnfkana DC. Syst. 2 : 20. 1821. Bcrbcris Aquifoliutn Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub pi . iiy6. 1828. Odostemon nervosus (Pursh) Rydb. Bcrberis nervosa Pursh, V\. Am. Sept. 219. 18 [4. Odostemon Fremontii (Torr.) Rydb. Berberis Fremontii Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 30. 1859. Lepidium crenatum (Greene) Rydb. Thelypodium crcnatnin Greene, Pittonia 4 : 20. 1 899. The species was described from flowering specimens, but the ovaries or young fruit were developed enough to indicate the true genus. Dr. Greene was probably led astray by the fact that the specimens were labeled Tlwlypodinm intcgrifoliiim. Erysimum asperrimum (Greene) Rydb. ClieirantJms asperrimus Greene, Pittonia 3 : 133. 1896. Erysinmin piiniilnni Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 189. 1900. In my Flora of Montana I took up Nuttall's E. p?nniluni for this species. This was evidently an eiror into which I was led by Dr. Greene's discussion in Pittonia, loc. cii. E. puniilum Nutt. remains as yet unknown, but from the description it must be a close relative of E. nivalc and E. radicatnni, if not one of these species. Erysimum Bakeri (Greene) Rydb. Chcirantluis aridns GYQQ\'\&,V\i\.omdi ^■. 198. 1900. "t^ot C. aridiis A. Nelson. 1899. CheirantJuis Bakeri Greene, Pittonia 4 : 235. 1 901. Erysimum argillosum (Greene) Rydb. CheirantJuis argillosns Greene, Pittonia 3 : 136. 1896. 142 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Erysimum amoenum (Greene) Rydb. Chciranthus iiiva/is aiiioeniis Greene, Pittonia 3 : 137. 1896. Lesquerella stenophylla (A. Gray) Rydb. Veskana stcnopliylla A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 149. 1850. This was included in L. Fendlcri by Dr. Watson, but I think it well distinct. Euklisia crassifolia (Greene) Rydb. Stre/^taiitJuis crassifolins Gycgv\q, Pittonia 3 : 227. 1897. Dr. Greene in Leaflets (i : 81-85. D 1904) took up Euklisia of Nuttall, only changing its spelling, but he overlooked that it had already been proposed as a genus in Dr. Small's Flora of the Southeastern United States. About three years ago I intended to publish it as a genus, making Strcptaiitluts cordatiis Nutt. the type. Unfortunately my notes were never published and forgotten. Dr. Small, who had seen them, took up the name in his flora, giving me the credit for the same. As he published only one species, E. liyaciiitJioidcs, this becomes the type. Dr. Greene took up the name for a group, to which neither Dr. Small's type nor my in- tended type (which I also think was Nuttall's) belong. If Strep- tantJnts should be split up into as many genera as Dr. Greene sug- gests, neither his species of Euklisia nor those known to Nuttall would fall within Euklisia. My intention was only to divide the genus into two genera, Strcptaiitlius and Ejiklisia. So limited the latter genus will contain the Rocky Mountain species here given. Euklisia cordata (Nutt.) Rydb. Strcptaiitlius cordatus Nutt. ; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i : 77. 1838. Euklisia longirostris (S. Wats.) Rydb. Ara/ns longirostris 'ii. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 17. 1871. StrcptantJius longirostris S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 127. 1890. Peritoma Sonorae (A. Gray) Rydb. Clcome Souorae A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 16. 1853. Rydberg : RocKV Mountain flora 143 Potentilla platyloba Rydb. Potcntilla hipinnatifida platylota R\'db. Mem. Dep. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : lOO. 1898. This is as distinct from P. bipiiiiiatifida as most species oi Po- tcntilla are from tiieir relatives. Potentilla rubripes Rydb. Potcntilla nihricanlis Rydb. Mem. Dep. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2: lOi. 1898. Not P. nibricanlis Lehm. 1830. Lehmann's species, for which I mistook this Rocky Mountain plant, is the same as P. prostrata Rottb. Argentina argentea Rydb. Argentina anscrina concolor Rydb. Mem. Dep. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 160. 1898. Not Potentilla anscrina concolor Ser. 1825. The European plant to which this was referred differs in having more deeply and more sharply toothed leaflets, and smaller flowers. Fragaria ovalis (Lehm.) Rydb. Potcntilla ovalis Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Hamb. 1849 : 9. 1849. Fragaria firnia Rydb. Mem. Dep. Bot. Columbia Univ. 2 : 184. 1898. Dr. Wolf, of Dresden, Germany, has called my attention to the fact that P. ovalis Lehm. is no Potcntilla at all. Prof. Leh- mann did not cite any type, but his herbarium shows that it was Fendlcr 206, which I included in Fragaria firnia. Fallugia acuminata (Wooton) Rydb. Fallugia paradoxa acnniinata Wooton, Ikill. Torrey Club 25 : 306. 1898. Prunus melanocarpa (A. Nelson) Rydb. Cerasns dcniissa melanocarpa A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 34: 25. 1902. The common Rocky Mountain tree is well distinct from the original Cerasns dcniissa Nutt. or Priinns dcniissa Walp. The lat- ter, which was from the Columbia Valley, has thin, very pubescent 144 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora leaves, and is more related to the eastern P. virginiaiia. P. inelaiw- carpa is rather nearer the Mexican species known as P. Copaliii, and it is sometimes very hard to distinguish it from that species. ANISOLOTUS Bernh. Sem. Hort. Erf. 1837. — Linnaea 12 : Litt. Ber. 75. 1838. I think that this genus, well characterized by Bernhardi, should be restored. It is well distinct from the Old World Lotus and from Hosackia. I think that Dr. Greene's merging all our North American species usually known as Hosackia into Lotus was very unfortunate, for we do not have any native species which could be included in Lotus, even if made broad enough to include Tetragono- lobns and other Old World genera. The Rocky Mountain species of Anisolotus are : Anisolotus Wrightii (A. Gray) Rydb. Hosackia Wrightii A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2 : 42. 1853. Anisolotus brachycarpus (Benth.) Rydb. Hosackia bi'ac/iycarpa^Qnth.Vl. Hartw. 306. 1848. Lotus Jmnwiistratiis Greene, Pittonia 2 : 139. 1890. Anisolotus rigidus (Benth.) Rydb. Hosackia rigida Benth. PI. Hartw. 305. 1848. Aragallus Hallii (Bunge) Rydb. Oxytropis Hallii Bunge, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petensb. VII. 22' : 162. 1874. Vicia dissitifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. Lathynis dissitifoliiis Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i : 277. 1838. Lathyrus incanus (Rydb. & Smith) Rydb. Lathynis ornatiis incanus Rydb. & Smith, Fl. Neb. 21 : 64. 1895. Chamaesyce flabelliformis (Engelm.) Rydb. Euphorbia pctaloidea jlagclliforniis P^ngelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. 185. 1859. Euphorbia Jlagclliforniis Engelm. Bull. Geol. Surv. Terr. 2 : 243. 1876. RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 145 Chamaesyce rugulosa (Engelm.) Rydb. Euphorbia scrpyllifolia rugulosa Engelm. ; Millsp. Pittonia 2:85. 1890. Chamaesyce albicaulis Rydb. Euphorbia albicaulis Rydb. Aleni. N. V. Bot. Gard. i : 266. 1900. Tithymalus arkansanus coloradensis (Norton) Rydb. Euphorbia aikaiisaiia coloradensis Norton, Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. II : 105. 1900. Sida sagittaefolia (A. Gray) Rydb. Sida Icpidota sagittaefolia A. Gray, PI. Wright, i : i§. 1852. Sphaeralcea marginata York, sp. nov. Perennial, herbaceous ; stetn usually branching from the base, with ascending branches, 2—6 dm. tall, densely stellate-canescent ; leaf-blades subrotund, rounded-ovate or subcordate, 1.5—4 cm. long, 1.5—3 ^^- ^^'ide, cordate or truncate at the base, crenate or imperfectly dentate, slightly 3— 5-lobed, the middle lobe acute or ob- tuse, the upper surface with close stellate pubescence, more densely pubescent beneath, petioles less than ^^ as long as the blades or sometimes longer ; flowers borne in narrow panicles ; involucre of 3 small setaceous bracts : caly.N-tube densely stellate-pubescent, about 3 mm. long ; lobes 5, ovate, acute or acuminate, almost glabrous or sparingly stellate-pubescent on dorsal surface, densely pubescent on the margin, glabrous within, 2-3 mm. long, in fruit 4-5 mm. long; petals pink, obovate, 10—12 mm. long; carpels 10-12 in number, 3—4 mm. long, cuspidate, the lower half reticu- lated ; ovules two ; usually only one seed developed in the lower part of each carpel, upper part somewhat aborted ; seeds reniform, glabrous. In general appearance this plant resembles Sphaeralcea Mu)i- roaiia (Doug.) Spach ; but in the former, the mature carpels sepa- rate from the central axis by a small thread attached to the base of each carpel, while in the latter, the carpels do not separate from the central axis by a thread. Sphaeralcea marginata also resembles 5. ineana Torr. ; but the latter is taller, the leaves are larger, the pubescence on both sides of the leaves is much denser and finer, the paniculate clusters of flowers are longer and more open and the carpels are nearly always two-seeded. 14() RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Colorado: Grand Junction, 1901, C. F. Baker gj; (type) ; also 1893, Dc Alton Saiiudcrs ; McElmo Caiion, 1 90 1, F. K. Vreelond 860. New Mexico: 1901, F. K. Vrcclaud S2J. Cactus similis (Engelm.) Rydb. Maiinllaria siuiilis Engelm. Best. Jour. Nat. Hist. 5 : 246. 1845. Maudllaria missouriensis caespitosa S. Wats. Bibl. Index 403. 1878. Echinocereus aggregatus (Engelm.) Rydb. Mainillaria aggrcgata Engelm. in Emory, Notes Recon. 157. 1848. Echinoccrats cocciiiciis Engelm. W'isliz. Rep. 9. 1848. Not E. cocci ucus DC. Ccrciis pJiocniccus Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3 : 284. 1856. Echinocereus Roemeri (Muhlenf.) Rydb. Ccnus RocJ/ieri Muhlenf. Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16 : 19. 1848. Cerciis conoidciis Engelm. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4:35. 1856. Epilobium adenocladon (Haussk.) Rydb. Epilobium paniadadnii adenocladon Haussk. Mon. Gatt. P^oil. 247. 1884. Anogra latifolia Rydb. Oenothera pallida latifolia Rydb. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3 : 159. 1895. Pachylophus marginatus (Nutt.) Rydb. Oenothera niarginata Nutt. ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 342. 1838. Oenothera idahoensis Mulford, Bot. Gaz. 19 : 117. 1894. Sphaerostigma pubens (S. Wats.) Rydb. Oenothera strigulosa pnhens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 594. 1873- Sphaerostigma minutiflora (S. Wats.) Rydb. Oeiiotliera alyssoides minutiflora S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 591. 1873. RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 147 CORNELIA Rydb. gen. no v. The type of the genus Coniiis L. is C. mas L. which has no congener in this country, except perhaps C . sessilis Torr. of Cah- fornia. Opiz segregated from Connis the genus Svida, to which the pAiropean C. saiiguinca and most of our American cornels belong. Rafinesque in his Alsographia Americana made the genus Cynoxyloii based on C.florida L., and also another genus (or subgenus) Eiikrania in which he placed C. canadensis L. and C. snccica L. Unfortunately he made C. inascjtla of Europe, which is congeneric with and some claim the same as C. vias L., the type, and C. canadensis and C. snccica have no available generic name, unless they are included with C.florida and C. Nnttallii \\\ Cynoxylon. Outside of the great difference in habit and fruit be- tween the Dwarf Cornels and the Flowering Dogwoods, the former have one character not found in any of the groups usually included in Cornns. The sepals of the Dwarf Cornels have a small horn- like, at last deciduous, spine on the back near the apex. This, together with the peculiar habit, makes them deserve generic rank. Cornelia canadensis (L.) Rydb. Cornns canadensis L. Sp. PI. ii8. 1753- Cornelia suecica (L.) Rydb. Cornns snccica L. Sp. PI. ii8. 1753- Cornelia unalaschkensis (Ledeb.) Rydb. Cornns nnalasclikoisis Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: })'j'^. 1844. Pseudocymopterus multifidus Rydb. Psendocynwptcrns niontanns ntnltifidns Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 574. 1904. Pseudocymopterus purpureus (C. S: R.) Rydb. Psendocymoptenis niontanns pnrpnrcns C. & R. Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 75. 1S88. Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius (A. Gray) Rydb. Thaspinm niontannni tcnnifolinni A. Gra}', PI. Wright. 2 : 65. 1853- 148 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Ligiisticuiii iiio)itanuin tcnnifoliiivi S. Wats. Bibl. Index 426. 1878. Vaccinium oreophilum Rydb. Vaccinijiin uiyrtilloidcs S. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 209. 187 i. Not V. myrtilloides Michx. 1803. Vaccininvi Myrtilhis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^ : 24. 1878. Not V. Myrtillits L. 1753. The American plant has depressed globular-ovoid corolla, fully as wide as long, while the original European V. Myrtillus has ovoid-urceolate corolla, decidedly longer than broad. Androsace subulifera (A. Gray) Rydb. Atidrosace scptoitriomxlis subulifera A. Gray, S}'n. Fl. 7} : 60. 1878. Dodecathson sinuatum Rydb. Dodecatlicon radicatuui sinuatuui Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 631. 1904. Erythraea arizonica {A. Gray) Rydb. Erythraca calycosa arizojiica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 113. 1878. Anthopogon elegans (A. Nels.) Rydb. Gcntiana clcgaus A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 25 : 276. 1898. Anthopogon barbellatus (Engelm.) Rydb. Gcntiana barhdlata Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2 : 216. 1863. Gcntiana Mosclcyi A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 31 : 396. 1901. Amarella monantha (A. Nels.) Rydb. Gcntiana tcncUa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 117, in part. 1878. Gcntiana monantha A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 244. 1904. Amarella plebeia Holmii (Wettst.) Rydb. Gcntiana plcbcia Holmii Wettst. (Jester. Bot. Zeitsch. 50 : 195. 1900. Dasystephana Romanzovii (Ledeb.) Rydb. Gcntiana Romanzovii Ledeb.; lounge, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc, I : 215. 1829. Rydberg : RocKV Mountain flora 149 Gcntiana frigida A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 120. 1878. Not G. frigid a Haenke. 1 78 8. Dasystephana Parryi (Engelm.) Rydb. Goitiana Parryi Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. LouLs 2 : 218. 1863. Dasystephana affinis (Griseb.) Rydb. Gcntiana affinis Griseb. Gen. et Sp. Gent. 289. 1839. Dasystephana Forwoodii (A. Gray) Rydb. Geiitiana Forwoodii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 406. [Ed. 2.] 1886. Dasystephana Bigelovii (A. Gray) Rydb. Gcntiana Bigelovii A. Gray, S}'n. Fl. 2^ : 406. [Ed. 2.] 1886. Dasystephana interrupta (Greene) Rydb. Gcntiana interrupta Greene, Pittonia 4: 182. 1900. Frasera scabra (M. E. Jone.s) Rydb. Frasera spcciosa scabra M. E. Jone.s, Zoe 4 : 277. 1893. Frasera stenosepala Rydb. Frasera spcciosa stenosepala Rydb. Bull. Torre}' Club 31 : 632. 1904. Frasera angustifolia Rydb. Frasera spcciosa angustifolia Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 632. 1904. Phlox depressa (E. NeLs.) Rydb. Phlox multijfora depressa E. NeLs. Rev. W. N. Am. Phloxes 20. 1899. Leptodactylon Watsonii (A. Gray) Rydb. Gilia Watsonii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 267. 1870. Leptodactylon Nuttallii (A. Graj') R>'db. Gilia Nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8 : 267. 1870. Phacelia ciliosa Rydb. Phacclia scricca ciliosa Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 636. 1904. 150 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Oreocarya hispidissima (Torn) Rydb. Eritricliium glomeratuin hispidissiimaii Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. .140. 1859. Oreocarya perennis (A. Nels.) Rydb. Oreocarya affinis perennis A. Nels. Erythea 7: 67. 1899. Mertensia platensis Rydb. Mertensia polypliylla platensis, Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 638- 1904. Agastache pallidiflora (Heller) Rydb. Brittonastruni pallidifloruni Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 621. 1899. Brittonastruni Grcenei Briquet, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Geneve 6 : 157. 1902. Madronella parvifolia (Greene) Rydb. Monardella parvifolia Greene, PI. Baker. 3 : 22. 1901. Madronella dentata R}db. Monardella dentata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 641. 1904. Mentha Penardi (Briquet) Rydb. Mentha arvensis Penardi Briquet, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3 : 215. 1895. Androcera rostrata (Dunal) Rydb. Solanuni rostratnni Dunal, Hist. Sol. 234. 18 13. Androcera lobata Nutt. Gen. Am. i : 129. 18 18. Pentstemon unilateralis Rydb. nom. nov. Pcjitstcnion sceundiflorus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 263. 1878. Not P. secundifiorns Benth. In Proc. Am. Acad. 6:61, Dr. Gray gives P. secundijlonts as a synonym of P. acwninatits Benth. This was correct as far as Dr. Gray's conception of the latter is concerned. Dr. Gray included in P. acuminatns at least four different plants. Of these, two have very broad rounded clasping and abruptly acuminate upper leaves, Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora lol viz. : the original P. acnniiiiatits Dougl. and my P. cvatlioplionis ; and two with' lanceolate upper leaves, viz. : P. Fcudlcri A. Gray and the original P. scanidijfonis Benth. Freniont'.s plant, the type of the latter, is in the Torrey herbarium. On the sheet is written in Dr. Gray's own handwriting : " This is only P. acuiiii- natus, Dougl. ; small. A. G. 1862." Dr. Gray afterwards trans- ferred the name P. scciDuiiflonis to' an entirely different plant, describing it in the Synoptical Flora. This therefore needs a new name. Pentstemon angustifolius caudatus (Heller) Rydb. Pciitstcmon caiidatus Heller, Alinn. Bot. Stud. 2: 34. i8q8. P. caudatus Heller is in my opinion the southern more luxuri- ant and broad-lea\'ed form of /'. angustifolius. The two grade absolutely into each other in Colorado. Pentstemon trichander (A. Gray) Rydb. Pcntstcuioii harbatus trichander h. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, ii : 94. 1876. This, as well as P. Torrcyi Benth., I think should be kept dis- tinct from P. barbatus (Cav.) Nutt. of Mexico. MYZORRHIZA Phil. Linnaea 29: 36. 1857. The NoTHAPHYLLON Subgenus of Af'liylloii as limited in Gray's Synoptical Flora has been shifted back and forth between the genera Pliclipaca, AnoplantJius and Aphyilon, and has lately been restored to Orobaiichc, where its original species were described. The typical species of Orobanclic have a bilabiate calyx, while the species here discussed have a 5-parted one. As far as I find, the only genus described to which they can be referred is the one given above. The following two species are found in Colorado : Myzorrhiza ludoviciana (Nutt.) Rydb. Orobancltc ludo7'iciana^n\X. Gen. Am. 2: 58. 18 18. Apliyllon ludovicianuni A. Gray, Bot. Calif. I : 585. 1876. Myzorrhiza multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb. OrobancJic multiflora Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. II. I : 179. 1848. ApJiyllon uiultifloruui A. Gray, Bot. Calif. I : 585. 1876. 152 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Galium subbiflorum (Wieg.) Rydb. Galimn trifiduni subbiflorum Wieg. Bull. Torrey Club 24 : 399. 1897. Distegia involucrata (Richardson) Rydb. Xylostcuui invohucratuin Richardson, Frankl. Journey 733. 1823. Loiiiccra invohicratuiiiV>-A\\\cs\ Spreng. Syst. i: 759. 1825. DistCi^ia nutans Raf. New Fl. Am. 3: 21. 1836. Chrysothamnus serrulatus (Torr.) Rydb. Linosyris scrrulata ^o\x.\ Stansbury, Expl. 389. 1852. Chrysotliauiuus g'aucus A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 377. 1898. Chrysothamnus latifolius (D. C. Eaton) Rydb. Linosyris viscidiflora lat{foliii D. C. Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 157. 1871. Bigelovia Douglasii latifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 646. 1873- Isocoma Wrightii (A. Gray) Rydb. Linosyris Wrightii A. Gray, PI. Wright, i: 95. 1852. Bigelovia Wrightii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 639. 1873. OREOCHRYSUM Rydb. gen. nov. Plants with slender horizontal rootstock, leafy, viscid-puberu- lent above. Involucral bracts oblong, pale, rather obscurely i- ribbed, chartaceous or the outer foliaceous, in about three moder- ately unequal ranks. Rays several, short. Disc-corollas narrowly trumpet-shaped, deeply 5-toothed. Style-appendages lanceolate, longer than the stigmatic portion. Achenes angled. Pappus white or slightly tawny, of soft scabrous bristles. When Dr. Greene made his seg'-egations of the old genus Aplopappus, he transferred the type of the genus here proposed to Solidago, but it is just as much out of place here as among its old associations, /. e., the present genus Stcnotus. It is true that in general habit it reminds one of a group of species formerly included in Solidago, but now segregated as a genus Oligoncurcn Small ; the character of the involucre and the style-appendages, however, distinguish it from Oligoncuron as well as from Solidogo proper. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 1o3 Oreochrysum Parryi (A. Gray) Rydb. Aplopappns Parryi A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 33 : 239. 1862. Solidago Parryi Greene, Erythea 2 : 57. 1894. Solidago pallida (Porter) Rydb. Solidago spcciosa pallida Porter, Ikdl. Torrey Club 19 : 130. 1892. Solidago scabriuscula (Porter) Rydb. Solidago canadensis scabra T. .^ G. Fl. N. Am. 2 : 224. 1842. Not S. scabra Willd. Solidago canadensis scalvinscnla Porter, Mem. Torrey Club 5 : 318. 1894. Solidago gilvocanescens Rydb. Solidago canadensis gili'ocanescLns R\'db. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 162. 1895. Aster polycephalus Rydb. Aster scoparius DC. Prodr. 5: 242. 1836. Not A. scoparins Nees. 1832. Leucelene serotina (Greene) Rydb. Leuceleuc ericoides serotina Greene, Pittonia 3 : 149. 1896. Leucelene hirtella (A. Gray) Rydb. Diplopappns ericacfolius hirtella A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4 : 69. 1849. Erigeron Wootonii Rydb. Erigeroii cinereus var. y A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4 : (i%. 1849. ESCHENBACHIA Moench, Meth. 573. 1794. Conyca Less. Syn. Comp. 203, in part. 1832. Not Coiiyza (Tourn.) L. 1753. The type of the Linnaean genus Conyrja is Conyca squarrosa E. but this as well as most of the original species are now included in Innla. Eessing transferred the name Conyza to an entirely different group of plants. Dr. Greene united our North American species with some species of Erigeron into the genus Conyzella Rup; . 1 54 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora ( 1 869), which is antedated by Lcf^tilon Raf. ( 1 8 1 8). Hence Coiiyzdla becomes a synonym. I do not think that Convza Conltcn should be included in Lepti/oii, which it resembles in habit but not in the com- position of the heads. It has several relatives in Mexico and Central America as well as in the Old World. The oldest availa- ble name for these is, if I am not mistaken, Esclicnhacliia Moench. Eschenbachia Coulteri (A. Gray) Rydb. Conyza Coitltcri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 355. 1 868. BERTHELOTIA DC. Prodr. 5 : 375. 1836. A sericeous composite shrub of the southwestern United States has been variously referred to PhicJica and Tcssana, but is rather out of place in either genus. It was originally made a genus by itself, Polypappits, by America's keenest botanist, Thomas Nuttall, and I think it should have remained a genus distinct from both PlucJica and Tcssaria. It has evidently a congener, however, in the desert regions of the Orient. This was described by De Candolle as BcrtJiclotia. Berthelotia sericea (Nutt.) Rydb. Polypappits scriccus Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. II. I : 178. 1848. Tcssaria horcalis "DC.;" T. & G. in Emory, Notes Recon. 143. 1848. Pluihca borcalis h. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 212. 18S2. Ximenesia exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Rydb. ]\Tbcsina cncclioidcs exauriculata Rob. & Greenm. Proc. Am. Acad. 34 : 544. 1899. PLATYSCHKUHRIA (A. Gray) Rydb. gen. nov. Schk/ihria § PlatyscJikuhria A. Gray, Am. Nat. 8: 213. 1874. Bahia § Plaiysclikuliria A. Gray, Syn. Y\. 2' : 332. 1884. The genus Bahia as limited in Gray's S}'iioptical Flora is a rather unnatural one. The group most unlike the rest is the one constituting the section Platysc/ikuhria, which I think deserves generic rank. I adopt the sectional name, although its etymology and form are rather bad. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 155 Platyschkuhria integrifolia (A. Gray) Rydb. Schkiiria integrifolia A. Gray, Am. Nat. 8: 213. 1874. BaJiia midicaulis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19 : 27. 1883. Platyschkuhria oblongifolia (A. Gray) Rydb. BaJlia oblongifolia A. Gra}', Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 27. 1883. Tetraneuris glabriuscula Rydb. Tctranenvis glabra Greene, Pittonia 3 : 268, in part. 1898. Not Actinclla glabra Nutt. 1 84 1 . What Actinclla glabra Nutt. wa.s is not exactly known. It is not, however, the plant for which Dr. Greene adopted the name Tetraneuris glabra. If it is a Titraucuris at all, it must be a spe- cies related to T. Tcesiana, T. argcntca and T. Icptoclada, as it is described as having stem-leaves. None of these grows near the original locality of A. glabra, viz., Shawnee villages on the Missouri (near Kansas City). The only species that are found within 300 miles from this station are T. hcrbacca Greene of Illinois, and T. fastigiata Greene and the following from central and western Kan- sas. None of these answers the description. Tetraneuris stenophylla Rydb. Perennial with a branched caudex, the branches of which are partly subterranean, 2-10 cm. long; leaves basal, very narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 2—4 cm. long, 1—2 mm. wide, strongly punc- tate, glabrous or with a few long hairs near the base ; bases dilated and scarious-margined, only slightly long-hairy ; scape 5-10 cm. long, striate, punctate and sparingly strigose ; involucre about 5 mm. high and 10 mm. wide, hemispheric ; bracts elliptic, obtuse ; rays hght-yellow, about 10 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, 3-4-toothed and 5-7-nerved. This is closest related to T. fastigiata Greene, in which, how- ever, the bases of the leaves are arachnoid-hairy and the involu- cres densely villous. Kansas: Ford County, 1891, L. D. Ellis (type). Colorado: Banks of Cimarron, x'^^^o, Newberry. CHAMAECHAENACTIS Rydb. gen. nov. Cespitose scapiferous perennial, branching below the surface of the ground and with a woody root. Leaves all basal and simple, 156 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora coriaceous, white-strigose below, sparingly hirsute and punctate above. Involucral bracts about twelve, in two series ; the inner series longer and with scarious-margined reddish tips. Corolla flesh- colored, with equal lobes. Stamens included. Style-lips broad. Achenes clavate, densely villous. Pappus of eight nearly equal scales, with prominent midrib and erose tips. Miss Eastwood, the discoverer of the plant, referred it to Cha.nactis, to which it is not closely related, resembling this genus only in the color of the corolla. The structure of the fruit and pappus would place it nearer BaJiia and Tctraiicnris. In general habit it resembles most that exceedingly rare plant described by Nuttall under the name BolopJiyta alpiiia, wliich by Dr. Gray was tranferred to PartJtcnimu. Chamaechaenactis scaposa (Eastw.) Rydb. Chaoiactis scaposa Eastw. Zoe 2 : 231. 1891. Rydbergia Brandegei (A. Gray) Rydb. Actinclla grandiflora glahrata Porter, in Port. & Coult. Syn. Fl. Colo. j^. 1874. Actiiiflla Bra)idcgci Porter ; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13 : IJ^. 1878. Rydbergia glabrata Q\-&t\\&,Y\\Xo\-\\2. 2>'- -/O- 1898. Hymenoxys macrantha (A. Nels.) Rydb. Picradciiia macrantha A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 28 : 130. 1899. Hymenoxys Richardsonii macrantha Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 475. 1904. P^vidently Professor Cockerell was correct in uniting Hymenoxys and Picradenia under the older generic name. To his conception of species I am not willing to assent, however. In this respect I would rather agree with Dr. Greene and Prof Aven Nelson. The changes in nomenclature of the Colorado species are here given. Hymenoxys pumila (Greene) Rydb. /^/677?c/£7//c?' /'//////7c?' Greene, Pittonia 3 : 271. 1898. Hymenoxys Ricliardsonii pitmila Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 472. 1904. RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 157 Hymenoxys multiflora (Buckley) Rydb. Pliilcozcra multiflora ikickley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. i86l : 459. 1862. Picradciiia multiflora Greene, Pittonia 3 : 273. 1898. Hymenoxys chrysajithcmoidcs multiflora Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 507. 1904. Hymenoxys multiflora Osterhoutii (Cockerell) Rydb. Picradciiia odorata Osterhoutii Cockerell, Bull. Colo. College Mus. 1 1 D 1903. Hymenoxys cJirysaiithcmoidcs Osterhoutii Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 505. 1904. Achillea alpicola Rydb. Achillea lanulosa alpicola Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card, i : 426. 1900. Artemisia Scouleriana (Bes.ser) Rydb. Artemisia desertorum Scouleriana Besser ; Hook. I-^l. Bor. Am. i : 325- 1833- Artemisia pabularis (A. Nels.) Rydb. Artemisia rhi::omata pabularis A. Nelson, Bull Torrey Club 27: 34. 1900. Artemisia viscidula (Osterhout) Rydb. Artemisia cana viscidula Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 27 : 507. 1900. Carduus filipendulus (A. Gray) Rydb. Cirsiuui virgiinanum filipendulum A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 273. 1880. Cirsium filipendulum Engelm.; A. Gray, loc. cit., as a s\Mionym. C ulcus altissimus filipendulus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19 : 57. 1883. Senecio Flintii Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a cluster of fibrous-fleshy roots ; stem about 3 dm. high, striate, sparingly arachnoid-hairy ; basal leaves about 8 cm. long; blades orbicular or rounded-oval, abruptly con- 158 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora tracted into short petioles, sparingly arachnoid when young, glab- rous and rather thick in age ; stem-leaves lanceolate, sinuately toothed, auricled and clasping at the base, arachnoid when young ; inflorescence small, with 3-6 heads, which are about I cm. high ; bracts linear, 7-8 mm. long, abruptly acute at the apex, with a triangular black tip ; rays light-yellow, broad ; achenes striate, glabrous. Related to S. cxaltatiis and 5. i}itcgcrriiiiits, but differing from the former in the entire basal leaves and small corymb, from the latter in the abruptly acute black-tipped bracts, and from both in the lower stature and the broader basal leaves. Southwestern Colorado : W. F. Flint. Senecio Harbourii Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a branched caudex ; stem 1-2 dm. high, striate, white-floccose, leafy; basal leaves and most stem-leaves petioled, 3—10 cm. long, densely white-floccose ; blades oblanceolate or linear-spatulate, entire ; uppermost stem-leaves sessile, lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, more or less auricled at the base ; inflorescence corymbiform, with 2-7 heads, which are mostly 10-15 mm. high ; bracts narrowly linear, long-attenuate, light yellowish-green and slightly floccose ; the calyculate ones minute, subulate ; rays bright-yellow, over i cm. long and 2 mm. wide ; achenes brown, shining, glabrous, angled. This species is most nearly related to 6". Furshiamis and S- caiiiis. From the former it differs in the large heads, longer rays and more leafy stem, and from the latter in the lower habit, nar- rower and always entire leaves, and the turbinate-campanulate in- stead of hemispheric heads. It grows in the mountains of Colo- rado at an altitude of 2700-4000 m., and was first collected by Hall & Harbour. Colorado : Mountains south of Ward, Boulder Co., July 18, 1 901, G. F. OsterJunit 2^2^ (type); mountains between Sunshine, and Ward, 1902, F. Txveedy 4.861 ; Silver Plume, Aug. 24, 1895, C. L. Shear 45gg ; also at the same date and locality, P. A. Rydberg. Senecio oodes Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial, with a stout rootstock and caudex; stem 3-4 dm. high, slightly floccose below, branched ; basal leaves long-petioled, loosely villous-floccose when young, in age glabrous ; petioles Rydbekg : RocKV Mountain flora 159 4-9 cm. long; blades thick, oval, 3—6 cm. long, 1.5—4 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex, abruptly contracted below, coarsely dentate-crenate with triangular-ovate, obtuse teeth ; lower stem- leaves similar, the petioles with enlarged toothed or lobed stipule- like bases ; the upper short-petioled and narrower ; inflorescence corymbiform ; heads many, about I cm. high; bracts linear, abruptly acute, 5-7 mm. long, slightly villous ; rays bright-yellow, l'^— 12 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide; achenes glabrous, round- angled. This is perhaps most closely related to 6". cyinbalarioidcs, but differs in the stouter, more branched and more leafy stem and the large ample stem-leaves. It grows in the higher mountains of Colorado. Colorado : Mt. Harvard, 1896, F. E. Clciiioits jp (type); Robinson, Aug. 23, 1896, C. L. S/un/- jjjj. Senecio Tracyi Rydb. Perennial with a short rootstock ; stem about 4 dm. high, glabrous ; basal leaves glabrous, long-petioled ; petioles 3— 10 cm. long, slender ; blades round-oval or oval, thin, 1.5-5 cm. long, 1—3 cm. wide, entire or merely wavy, rounded at the apex, rounded, truncate or subcordate at the base ; stem- leaves lanceolate, acu- minate, 2—6 cm. long or the uppermost still smaller, sinuate-cre- nate, the lower cuneate at the base, the upper auriculate- clasping; inflorescence a small compact c)'me ; heads 8-1 1, broadly turbi- nate, 6-y mm. high ; bracts linear, abruptly acute, glabrous, the calyculate ones subulate, sparingly arachnoid ; rays yellow, 6-8 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide. The species belongs to the S. aureus group and is somewhat intermediate between ^. crocatus, S. pyrochroits and 6". fcdifoluis. From the two first it differs in the paler rays and the form of the stem-leaves and from the last in the much larger size and the pres- ence of rays. It grows at an altitude of 3150 m. Colorado: Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus, July i, 1898, Baker, Earle & Tracy 2 yd. Senecio turbinatus R}-db. sp. no v. Perennial with a cespitose rootstock ; stem scapiform, about 1.5 dm. high, more or less floccose ; basal leaf-blades cuneate- obovate, thick, 2-3 cm. long, 8-18 mm. wide, loosely floccose when young, dentate above the middle, rounded at the apex. 160 Rydbkrg : Rocky Mountain flora tapering below into petioles about 3 cm. long ; inflorescence corym- biform ; heads about 4, about 12 mm. high; involucres obconic- turbinate, floccose at the base ; bracts linear, gradually acute ; rays pale-yellow, 8-9 mm. long, 3 mm. wide. This species is probably most closely related to 5. pcntodontus, but distinguished by the peculiar involucre, which tapers gradually into the peduncles. Colorado: Lake City, 1878, //. N. Pease. Senecio multicapitatus Greenman, sp. nov. Perennial with a thick woody root ; stem 4-10 dm. high, yel- lowish, glabrous, branched and broom-like, leafy ; leaves irregu- larly pinnately dissected into linear-filiform lobes, 1-1.5 mm. wide, or the upper simple and linear-fiiiform, somewhat fleshy, glabrous and yellowish-green ; heads in a corymbiform inflorescence, nu- merous, almost cylindric, 7-8 mm. high, about 4 mm. in diam- eter ; bracts 8-10, yellowish, linear, gradually acute, glabrous and shining ; calyculate ones small, subulate ; rays pale-yellow, 7-8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide ; achenes striate, grayish strigose- hispidulous. This species has been included in J>. Douglasii, which has long calyculate bracts and is confined to the west coast. J5. viulticap- itatus resembles closely 5. RiddcUii in habit, but differs in the narrow heads and few bracts. In .S". Riddcllii the bracts are 12-1 5 and the involucre campanulate. S. umlticapitatiis grows on plains and in mountain valleys of Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. Colorado : Huerfano Valley, near Gardner, 1900, F. R. JWc- land6si ; Mt. Princeton Station, 190 1, Uiidcrivood & Sclhy 465. New Mexico : Gray, Lincoln Co., F. S. Farlc & Ester S. Earle ; high plains north of El Capitan Mountains, F. S. Earlc & Foster S. Earlc J SS. Arizona : Holbrook, 1896, Myrtle Zuck. PRENANTHELLA Rydb. gen. nov. Low diffusely branched annuals, with numerous small heads terminating the branches. Lower leaves ample, oblong or spatulate in outline, more or less runcinate ; the upper reduced and bract-like. Involucres oblong, 4-5 -flowered with as many oblong bracts and I or 2 small calyculate ones. Achenes gradually tapering down- ward from the truncate summit, 4-5-ridged. Pappus of white soft capillary bristles. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 161 The species on which this genus is based was first described as a Prcnauthcs and later transferred to Lygodesviia. It is so unUke the other species of Lygodcsiiiia in habit, that the habit alone would suggest a distinct genus. But the best character is found in the achenes, which are ribbed and tapering downward from the summit instead of upwards from the base. The fruit agrees better with that of Nahalns {Prcnauthcs), but from this genus Pi-cn- antJiclla is distinguished by the habit and the structure of the involucre. Prenanthella exigua (A. Gray) Rydb. ProiaiitJics exigua A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2 : 105. 1853. Lygodesmia exigua A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9 : 217. 1874. New York Botanical Garden. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 87 STUDIES ON THl^ ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XVII By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1907 [From the Bulletin op the Toreey Botanical Club 34 : 35-50. 1907] [From the Bulletin of the Torkey Botanical Cluu, 34 ; 35-50. 1907. Studies on the Rockv Mountain flora— XVII i Per Axel Rydberg NiJW 1; > WOT A NIC. Pedicularis siifolia UAKi^eiN Perennial with a rootstock ; stem glabrous, 3-6 dm. high, leafy ; leaves pinnately divided to the midrib, glabrous, 5-1 5 cm. long; divisions lanceolate, narrowed at the base, 1-4 cm. long, more or less doubly serrate-dentate ; spike short, 3-8 cm. long ; bracts linear, oblong, or lanceolate, entire or slightly toothed ; calyx glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, 8-9 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate ; corolla yellowish, nearly 2 cm. long ; galea about 8 mm. long, curved, upper portion helmet-shaped with a short conical beak ; lip 4 mm. long, rather deeply 3-cleft with rounded lobes. This species is somewhat intermediate between P. Canbyi and P. bracteosa. In habit it resembles closely the latter, but the corolla is that of the former, having an evident although short beak. It grows in the mountains of western Montana and Idaho at an altitude of 600-1200 m. Montana: Grant Creek, June 7, 1897, M. J. Elrod and assist- a7its gy. Adenostegia ciliosa Annual ; stem more or less branched, puberulent, purplish, 1.5-2 dm. high; leaves 2-3 cm. long, finely puberulent, 3-5- cleft into filiform divisions ; flowers in small headlike clusters ; bracts similar to the leaves but with broader bases and more or or less hirsute-ciliate with white flat hairs; calyx nearly 1.5 cm. long, more or less ciliate ; its divisions about 5-ribbed ; corolla about I 5 mm. long ; galea 5-6 mm. long, hooded at the apex ; lip nearly as long, pubescent without ; stamens 4, anthers 2- celled, sparingly short-bearded. This species is probably most closely related to A. ramosa Nutt., but is easily distinguished by the ciliate bracts and calyces. It grows on dry mesas at an altitude of about 2000 m. Wyoming : Spread Creek, 1897, Frank Tzveedy §4.^. Castilleja arcuata Perennial, more or less tufted at the base ; stems erect, strict, usually simple, 2—4 dm. high, shining, yellow or tinged with 35 36 Rydberg: Rocky Mountain flora purple, glabrous or short-villous in the inflorescence ; leaves nar- rowly linear, 2-6 cm. long, i -3 mm. wide, glabrous or the lower sparingly white-villous ; bracts brownish, 1-2 cm. long, 3-cleft with lanceolate lobes, white-villous with short hairs; calyx 12—15 mm. long, deeply cleft below, less deeply so above, its lobes lance- olate, about I mm. long; corolla 2.5-3 cm. long, at last strongly curved, greenish with yellow margins; galea 12—15 nim. long; lip about 3 mm. long, with linear-lanceolate lobes. This species is related to C. cognata and C. linariaefolia. From the former it differs in the color of the bracts, different pubescence and the more arching corolla, from the latter in the color of the bracts, the lower habit and the smaller corolla. It grows in meadow land with alkaline soil. Utah: South end of Fish Lake, August 10, 1905, Ryd- berg & Carlton J 508. Castilleja magna Perennial ; stem a meter or so high, glabrous and shining, angled; leaves lanceolate, 4-6 cm. long, glabrous, 5 -ribbed and reticulate, more or less acuminate ; inflorescence short and dense ; bracts ovate, entire, tipped with crimson, as well as the axis of the inflorescence viscid-ciliate ; calyx about 2.5 cm. long, cleft half- way down both above and below, its lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 4-5 mm. long ; corolla 4-5 cm. long, greenish, tinged with crimson and with crimson margins ; galea fully 2 cm. long ; lip about 3 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate. This species somewhat resembles C. rhexifolia, but is a taller plant, with smaller bracts and much larger corolla. The latter is of about the size of that of C. Siiksdorjii, \wh\.ch. however is a much smaller and more pubescent plant and has narrow leaves. British Columbia: Trail above Carbonate, 1904, Charles H. Shaw 20^. Castilleja Leonard! Perennial, with a short woody caudex ; stems several, 2-3 dm. long, more or less viscid-villous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or ob- long-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, densely puberulent, 3 -ribbed, acute or acuminate ; bracts broadly ovate or obovate, rounded at the apex, about equaling the flowers, densely pubescent, entire, tipped with crimson; calyx 1.5 cm. long, densely puberulent, equally cleft above and below, its lobes ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, obtuse ; corolla 2 cm. long or less, densely puberulent ; galea about I cm. long ; lower lip about 2 mm. long, its lobes lanceo- late. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 37 This species is related to C. Imtta and C. rhexifolia. From the former it differs in the broad leaves and dense pubescence, and from the latter in the small size of both the plant and the flower, the thick leaves and more copious pubescence. Utah: Head of American Fork Cafion, 18S5, F. E. Leonard iji in part (type) ; mountains around the south fork of Big Cot- tonwood Creek, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 6^g2. Castilleja humilis Perennial, with a short woody caudex ; stems several, about 2 dm. high, glabrous below, somewhat viscid-pubescent above ; leaves oblong to elliptic-lanceolate or the uppermost ovate, 2-3 cm. long, obtuse or acute, finely puberulent; bracts entire, obovate, tipped with dark crimson, a little shorter than the corollas ; inflor- escence short and dense; calyx densely puberulent, 10-12 mm. long, equally cleft above and below, its lobes ovate, obtuse, about 1.5 mm. long; corolla about 15 mm. long, densely puberulent, greenish with purple margins ; galea 7—8 mm. long ; lip 2 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate, acuminate. In habit this species most resembles C. rhexifolia, but the plant is much smaller and the corolla of about half the size. It grows in alpine woods. Wyoming: Medicine Bow Mountains, Albany County, 1900, Aveti Nelson ygig. Castilleja variabilis Perennial with a rootstock ; stems usually single, more or less pubescent, 4-8 dm. high ; leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4-6 cm. long, 3-ribbed, puberulent and more or less short-hirsute, rarely glabrous ; bracts lanceolate, deeply 3-cleft, greenish at the base, otherwise yellow with scarlet or brick-red tips or sometimes almost wholly brick-red; calyx viscid-villous, about 2.5 cm. long, tinged with yellow ; corolla yellowish-green with scarlet or yellow margin, about 4 cm. long; galea nearly 2 cm. long; lip dark- green, 3 mm. long, with lanceolate lobes. This species somewhat resembles C. lanceolata, but has larger flowers and differently colored bracts. These are nearly of the same color as those of C. Intescens and C. desertornin, but both of these species have smaller flowers and 3-cleft upper leaves. C. variabilis grows in mountain valleys and on hillsides, at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. Utah : Big Cottonwood Canon, below Sih^er Lake, 1905, 38 Rydberg: Rocky Mountain flora P. A. Rydberg 6yjj (type) and 6Soo ; divide between Big Cotton- wood Canon and Heber Valley, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 66^6 ; Big Cottonwood Canon, 1905, A. 0. Garrett, IJ04. Castilleja Vreelandii Perennial with a rootstock ; stem usually single, 6-8 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so, shining ; leaves lanceolate, 3-5-ribbed, glabrous or nearly so, 4—6 cm. long, somewhat acuminate ; bracts lanceolate, usually 3-lobed with acute lobes, tipped with crimson ; calyx 2-2.5 cm. long, tinged with crimson, equally cleft, viscid- villous below, puberulent above, its lobes lanceolate, acute, 6-8 mm. long ; corolla dark-green with purplish margins ; galea about 2 cm. long ; lower lip 2 mm. long, with lanceolate teeth. This species is related to C. laiiceolata, but differs in the larger flowers and the broader, almost glabrous leaves. It grows in the mountains from Montana and Idaho to Wyoming and Utah. As the type is regarded the following : Montana : Divide between McDonald and Camas Lakes, 1901, F. K. Vr eel and 1000. Castilleja purpurascens Perennial with a short caudex ; stems several, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous or slightly puberulent, villous above, usually dark-purple ; leaves narrowly linear, finely puberulent, 3—5 cm. long, 2—3 mm. wide ; inflorescence short and dense ; bracts lanceolate, acute or obtuse, the lower usually entire, the upper more or less cleft, tipped with crimson ; calyx i 5—20 mm, long, more or less villous, especially towards the base, equally cleft, its lobes 2-3 mm. long, obtuse; corolla 2.5—3 cm. long, green with crimson margins; galea about i cm. long ; lower lip 3 mm. long, with narrowly lanceolate lobes. This is probably most closely related to C. Tweedyi and C. ininiata, but differs in the lower habit, the darker coloration of the bracts, the narrow leaves, obtuse calyx-lobes, and usually purplish stem. British Columbia: Flood-plains of Kicking Horse, 1904, H. Peterson 11 (type). Alberta: National Park, Banff, 1897, Mr. & Mrs. C. Van Brnnt ^o ; Pipestone Pass, igo^., J. Maco?in 6j8oj. Castilleja viscida Cespitose perennial with a short woody caudex ; stems 1—3 dm. high, viscid- or glandular-puberulent and with scattered crisp Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 39 white hairs ; leaves 1.5-3 cm. long, 3-5-cleft at the middle, densely glandular-puberulent, the body lanceolate, 3-ribbed, the lobes narrowly lanceolate and directed forward ; bract similar to the leaves, tipped with crimson or scarlet ; calyx equally deeply cleft above and below, 18-20 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate, 5 mm. long, acuminate or acute ; corolla about 2.5 cm. long, dark-green, with crimson margin ; galea about i cm. long ; lip 3 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate. This species is related to C. Jiispida, C. Bradbiiryi and C. rnpicola. From the first two it differs in the lower habit and viscid or glandular pubescence, and from the last one in the shorter galea. It grows in the mountains among rocks at an altitude of 2700-3300 m. Utah : Mountains near the headwaters of Big Cottonwood Creek, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 6jgj (type), 6j6j, 6^40, 63 j 4, 66jj and 6346 ; Mount Nebo, Jio. jyoj, y/jO and JJjS- Castilleja ampliflora Perennial, cespitose and somewhat woody at the base ; stems 3—4 dm. high, usually branched, ascending, puberulent and some- what villous ; most of the leaves entire, lanceolate, 2—3 cm. long with a short and rather dense pubescence; the upper 3— 5-lobed, the middle lobe being broad and the lateral ones small ; bracts 3-lobed with a broad rounded middle lobe, crimson, i — 1.5 cm. long; calyx 1.5—2 cm. long, villous, equally cleft above and below, its lobes 3—4 mm. long ; corolla nearly 3 cm. long, more turgid than usual; galea fully 1.5 cm. long; lip 3 mm. long, with lanceolate lobes. This is perhaps most closely related to C. Bradtwyi, but the stems are more branched, the corolla more turgid, the leaves more Inclined to be entire, and the galea fully as long as the corolla-tube. It grows at an altitude of 1 150-1350 m. Montana : Divide between McDonald and Camas Lakes, July 29, 1 90 1, F. K. Vrceland ^gj. Castilleja gracillima Perennial with a rootstock ; stems usually solitary, slender, purplish, 2-4 dm. high, sparingly villous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 3-ribbed, sparingly short-villous ; bracts ovate, entire, toothed or 3-cleft, rose or brownish, puberulent, villous- ciliate ; calyx about 15 mm. long, equally cleft above and below, its lobes lance-oblong, obtusish, 3 mm. long; corolla purplish, 40 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora slightly longer than the calyx ; galea 8 mm. long ; lip about 3 mm. long, its lobes ovate. This species is closely related to C. pallida, but differs in the leaves, which are shorter, neither long-attenuate nor falcate, and in the different color of the bracts and corolla. In mountain meadows especially on the geyser formations at an altitude of 2000-2700 m. Wyoming: Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4-g6^ (type) ; Lone Star Geyser Basin, no. 4.^61 ; Upper Hoback Basin, 1900, C. C. Curtis. Montana: Mountains near Indian Creek, 1897, Rydberg &■ Bessey 4g6'j. Alberta: Vicinity of Banff, 1899, W. C. McCalla 2i8y. Castilleja parvula Cespitose perennial with a short caudex ; stems many, 5—15 cm. high, puberulent ; leaves lanceolate, 1—2 cm. long, puberulent ; bracts ovate, dark brownish-crimson, finely puberulent, entire or with short lobes; calyx 12-14 nim. long, puberulent, equally cleft above and below, its lobes oblong, obtuse, 2—3 mm. long ; corolla 17—18 mm. long, greenish with purplish margins ; galea about 7 mm. long; lip 2.5—3 nim. long, its lobes lanceolate. This species is closely related to C. occidentalism but differs in the bracts, which are darker, of a deep crimson shade and not at all villous, and also in the corolla, which is decidedly greenish and with a shorter lip. It grows among rocks on high mountains, at an altitude of nearly 3000 m. Utah : Mountains north of Bullion Creek, near Marysvale, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton JijS (type) and yogo. Castilleja pulchella Perennial with a cespitose caudex; stems 5-15 cm. high, as- cending, more or less villous especially above ; leaves 1—4 cm. long ; the lower entire and linear-lanceolate, the upper broader and 3 -cleft, puberulent and slightly villous ; lobes linear-lanceo- late, attenuate ; bracts elliptic, usually 3-cleft, the middle lobe broad and rounded, tinged with brownish, villous ; calyx yel- lowish, tipped with brownish, about 18 mm. long; lobes very short and rounded ; corolla slightly exserted ; galea 7 mm. long ; lip 5 mm. long, its lobes lanceolate, obtuse. This species is intermediate between C. hitea and C. occidcntalis. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 41 It has the habit, pubescence and coloration of the latter but the leaves, bracts and calyx-lobes of the former ; the form of the corolla is intermediate between those of the two. C. piilcJiella grows on high mou;itains at an altitude of 2500-3300 m. Montana: Mountains near Indian Creek, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4g6'j (type) ; Electric Peak, no. ^^68. Wyoming: Big Horn Mountains, 1899, Tzvecdy 2jzfj ; Dome Lake, 1896, Aveii Nelson 24JJ ; Teton Forest Reserve, 1897, Tweedy 2^7. Castilleja Pecten Perennial ; stem stout, 4-5 dm. high, puberulent throughout ; lower leaves linear, entire, 5—6 cm. long, puberulent ; the upper 3— 5-cleft with linear divisions ; bracts rhombic-obovate or broadly cuneate in outline, almost pectinately cleft into linear divisions, puberulent, upper portion 3'ellowish or the tips brownish ; calyx about 2 cm. long, puberulent, equally cleft above and below ; lobes lanceolate, about 3 mm. long ; corolla a little over 2 cm. long ; galea 8—9 mm. long ; lip about 4 mm. long, its lobes oblong. In general habit and coloration it resembles somewhat C. desertornm and C. lutescens, but the lower lip is nearly half as long as the galea and of different shape, and the bracts are pecu- liar. The structure of the corolla places this species nearest to C. fasciadata, but it is a much larger plant. Idaho: Beaver Cafion, 1895, C. L. Shear jo^i (type) and 303S. Lupinus marianus Stem 5 — 10 dm. high, striate, hirsute-villous with rather short hairs, slender, leafy ; stipules setaceous ; petioles 4-8 cm. long, or those of the basal leaves even 2 dm. long, hirsute-villous ; leaflets 6—Z, narrowly oblanceolate, 3—7 cm. long, acute, glabrous above, appressed, short-hairy beneath ; inflorescence lax, i— 1.5 dm. long; pedicels 4—5 mm. long ; calyx villous, gibbous but not spurred at the base on the upper side ; lips lanceolate, the upper 7 mm.', the lower 8 mm. long ; bracts linear-subulate, longer than the calyx, deciduous; banner 8—10 mm. long, light-blue or white with a darker spot; vvangs light-blue or white, 10-12 mm. long ; legume 3—4 cm. long, 8-9 mm. wide, densely pubescent. In habit resembling L. pseiidoparvifloriis and L. laxiflorus, but differing in the spreading pubescence of the stem. This char- acter would associate it with L. aviplns and L. ornatus glabratns S. Wats. From the former it differs in the lax spike, slender stem. 42 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora and the paler and smaller corolla ; from the latter in the long linear- subulate bracts and narrow leaflets. Utah : Along Bullion Creek, above Marysvale, July 21, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton J 02 4. (type) and 702 j. Lupinus stenophyllus (Nutt.) Uipinns foliosus stenopliyllus Nutt. ; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i : lyj (synonym). 1840. Stem slender, probably i m. high, finely silky-strigose ; stipules small, subulate ; petioles of the stem-leaves about 3 cm. long, strigose ; leaflets about 5, narrowly linear-oblanceolate, about 3 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, usually conduplicate, acute, green, glabrous above, sparingly silky-strigose beneath; raceme about i dm. long, lax, more or less one-sided ; bracts lanceolate, shorter than the calyx, deciduous ; calyx densely silky-strigose, more or less spurred at the base ; upper lip ovate, 4 mm. long, the lower lanceolate, 6 mm. long; corolla light-blue, 7—8 mm. long; banner slightly shorter than the broad wings ; fruit unknown. This species has been included in L. laxlflorus and L. tenelliis. It resembles the latter in habit but differs in the spurred calyx and green leaves. From the former it differs in the narrower leaves, glabrous above, and the smaller flowers. The type was collected on the "Oregon Plains" by Nuttall. Lupinus laxispicatus Perennial ; stems 3—4 dm. high, slender, striate, sparingly strigose; stipules small, lanceolate; petioles strigose, 5-15 cm. long; leaflets 7—10, narrowly oblanceolate, acute, green, glabrous above, strigose beneath, 4—5 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide ; inflor- escence lax, rather few-flowered ; bracts lanceolate, shorter than the calyx, deciduous ; calyx grayish silky-strigose, gibbous ; lips lanceolate, the upper 6 mm., the lower 7 mm. long ; corolla blue, about 10 mm. long ; banner only slightly shorter than the wings. This species is nearest related to L. Scliaibcrac, which however has broader leaves, larger flowers and the upper lip of the calyx is ovate and much shorter than the lower. L. laxispicatus grows on high mountains. Idaho: Kootenai County, July, 1887, /. H. Sandberg. Lupinus Macounii ort caudex ; stems : silky-strigose, somewhat branched; stipules lance-subulate ; petioles Perennial with a short caudex ; stems several, 3—6 dm. high, Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 43 2—5 cm. long, strigose ; leaflets about nine, linear-oblanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, usually conduplicate, silky-strigose on both sides; racemes dense, 5—10 cm. long; bracts narrowly lanceolate, not exceeding the buds, deciduous ; calyx gibbous at the base, short- silky with spreading hairs ; lower lip lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long, the upper hardly 4 mm. long, ovate ; corolla 8-9 mm. long, dark- blue, the banner with a lighter spot, somewhat shorter than the wings ; legume densely silky, villous, about 2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, 3-4-seeded. The type was labeled L. argenteus argopliyllns. Its relation- ship is closer however to the true L. aj'geiitens, differing in the smaller, darker flowers, the spreading pubescence on the calyx and pedicels and above all in the shorter upper lip of the calyx. It grows at an altitude of 1 000-2 500 m. Saskatchewan: Cypress Hills, \%(^\, JoJin Macoiin 4oyo (type in herb. Columbia Univ.), Montana: Spanish Peaks, 1896, Flodnian 62g (in part). Wyoming : Big Horn Mountains, 1899, Tweedy 2j6j ; Leckie, 1 90 1 , Merrill & Wilcox yjg. Lupinus subulatus Perennial with a short caudex ; stem 4-5 dm. high, densely silky-strigose, striate, leafy ; stipules subulate ; petioles silky- strigose, 3-6 cm. long; leaflets 7-10, narrowly oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, densely appressed, silky on both sides, 2—4 cm. long, cuspidate or mucronate ; raceme dense, 1-1.5 dm. long ; bracts subulate-setaceous, much exceeding the buds ; calyx ap- pressed silky-canescent, scarcely gibbous ; lower lip 8 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, the upper ovate-lanceolate, 6 mm. long ; corolla dark-blue with keel and a spot on the banner light-colored, about I cm. long ; petals subequal, banner rather densely pubes- cent without. This is related to L. holosericciis, L. canescens, and L. oreopliilus, but easily distinguished by the long subulate-setaceous bracts. Montana: ColumbiaFalls, June 3, 1897, i?. 5. Williams {\.y^€). Washington: Spokane, 1898, Piper 282 j ; also 1892, Heji- derson. Lupinus flavicaulis Perennial with a short caudex ; stems several, with erect branches, densely pubescent with short yellowish spreading hairs, almost velutinous, 3-5 cm. high ; stipules subulate ; petioles 2-4 44 Rydberg: Rocky Mountain flora cm. long, velutinous ; leaflets 7—10, narrowly oblanceolate, usu- ally conduplicate, densely silky on both sides, acute, 2-4 cm. long; racemes dense, 5-10 cm. long; bracts subulate, shorter than the buds ; calyx gibbous, villous ; lower lip lanceolate, 7 mm. long ; upper lip ovate, 5-6 mm. long ; corolla about 10 mm. long, light-purple or pink ; banner with a darker spot, pubescent without; legume 2—2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide, densely silky- villous, 3-4-seeded. In general habit, size, form, and color of the corolla and leaf- lets, this resembles L. dccitinbcus very closely, but differs in the dense, short, spreading pubescence of the stem and the denser, longer, looser pubescence of the leaves. These characters place it in the same group as L. Bakcri and L. dichrous, which it other- wise little resembles. It grows on dry plains and hills. Wyoming : Snake River, 1894, Aven Nelson logS (type in herb. Columbia Univ.); Evanston, 1882, N. L. Britton. Utah: Divide, \^g^, Isabel Mulford 268. Lupinus macrostachys Perennial with a short caudex ; stem 5—10 dm. high, puberu- lent and with long silky spreading or reflexed hairs ; stipules setaceous; petioles short-pubescent with spreading hairs, 2-10 cm. long ; leaflets 7—8, linear- oblanceolate, acuminate, 3-6 cm. long, appressed-silky on both sides, grayish-green ; raceme dense, 2—3 dm. long ; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, merely equaling the buds ; calyx velutinous, gibbous ; lower lip broadly lanceolate, obtuse, about 8 mm. long ; upper lip ovate, almost as long ; corolla 10-12 mm. long, dirty- white, tinged with blue; banner with a darker spot ; legumes fully 2 cm. long, densely silky- villous, 4-5 -seeded. This species is related to L. leiicophylhis, from which it differs in the less dense and strictly appressed silky pubescence (scarcely canescent) and the color of the flowers. In L. lejicophylhis they are rather light-blue or pink with darker striations (rarely white), the banner with a lighter spot. It grows at an altitude of about 1000 m. Montana : Jocko Creek, 1901, D. T. MacDoiigal 2§j (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Lupinus roseolus Perennial with a cespitose caudex ; stems ascending or de- cumbent, about I dm. high, sparingly strigose, 3— 5-leaved, slender; Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 45 stipules setaceous ; petioles 1—3 cm. long, slender, usually red- tinged ; leaflets about 7, narrowly linear-oblanceolate, acute, 1-2 cm. long, sparingly silky, short-strigose ; raceme 2—4 cm. long ; bracts subulate, shorter than the buds ; calyx gibbous, silky with short spreading hairs ; lips broadly lanceolate, subequal, 5-6 mm. long ; corolla nearly white, tinged with rose, about 8 mm. long ; pod densely silky, perhaps 1.5 cm. long when fully developed. This resembles L. argentciis in the form and color of the flow- ers. It has also the peculiar hue and pubescence of that species, but it is a much smaller plant and of a different habit. The latter will place it near L. Lyallii. It is an alpine plant growing at an altitude of 3000 m. Wyoming : Continental Divide, Buffalo Fork, August 1897, F. Tivecdy 2^0. Lupinus scaposus Annual, with sessile clasping cotyledons ; stem branched at the base, 1-1.5 cm. high, sparingly ciliate ; stipules lanceolate, acumi- nate ; petioles 3—5 cm. long, ciliate, slender ; leaflets about 7, spatulate, i cm. long, sparingly silky-hirsute on both sides or glabrous above ; peduncles longer than the leaves, ciliate ; raceme short, 1—4 cm. long ; bracts lanceolate, short ; calyx ciliate, the lower lip broadly lanceolate, entire, 5 mm. long, the upper 2-cleft, ovate ; corolla purplish, 6 mm. long, paler at the base ; banner shorter than the wings ; legume ciliate, i cm. long, 6 mm. wide, 2-seeded. In habit mostly resembling L. brcvicaiilis but more evidently caulescent, with longer peduncles. The most distinctive char- acters, however, are the different calyx and its entire lower lip. This associates it with L. pusillus, from which it differs in the long peduncles and smaller flowers. Colorado: Glenwood Springs, 1899, Geo. E. Osterliout. Lupinus rubens Annual, with sessile, clasping cotyledons ; stem ciliate, tinged with red, branched near the base, about i dm. high ; petioles densely ciliate, 2-4 cm. long ; leaflets ^-7, spatulate, 1-1.5 cm. long, ciliate on both sides or glabrous above, acute ; raceme lax, 5-10 cm. long, overtopping the leaves ; bracts minute, subulate; calyx ciliate, the lower lip lanceolate, 5 mm. long, the upper barely 3 mm. long ; corolla 7 mm. long ; banner dark-purple with a yellow spot ; wings and keel lighter, tinged with lilac. 46 Rydberg: Rocky Mountain flora This species is related to L. pnsillus, but differs in the more elongated racemes, "which much exceed the leaves, the smaller flowers of a different color and the short upper lip of the calyx. Utah : Southern Utah, 1874, Parry 4— 7-flowered ; bracts minute, subulate; calyx stri- gulose ; tube campanulate, 1.5 mm. long ; teeth subulate, less than I mm. long ; corolla ochroleucous, about 6 mm. long ; pod strigose, shining, stipitate ; body oblong, 7—8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, rather gradually contracted into the stipe, which is about 3 mm. long. This is closely related to H. tcnclliis, but differs in the smaller flowers and the smaller and hairy pod. It grows at an altitude from 1800-3000 m. Nevada: East Humboldt Mountains, i860, 5. Watson 28J (type). Utah : P. V. Junction, Wasatch Mountains, 1883, M. E. Jones (mixed with H. tciicllus). Diholcos micranthus sp. nov. Somewhat cespitose perennial ; stems erect or ascending, sparingly strigose or glabrate, 2—4 dm. high ; stipules ovate, about 5 mm. long ; leaves 4—6 cm. long ; leaflets 17—25, linear or lance- oblong, acute at both ends, 7—20 mm. long, glabrous above, stri- gose beneath ; peduncles 4—7 cm. long ; racemes many-flowered, 3—7 cm. long ; calyx strigose ; tube campanulate, slightly gibbous, 2—2.5 mm. long; teeth subulate-filiform, 1—2 mm. long, the upper somewhat shorter ; corolla G-y mm. long, ochroleucous ; pod stri- gose, obsoletely if at all cross-ribbed ; stipe 3—4 mm. long ; body scarcely i cm. long, 3 mm. wide, very acute. This species is related to D. Haydcnianus (A. Gray) Rydb. \^Astragahis Haydcnianus A. Gray], differing in the smaller flowers and fruit, the more acute leaflets, the narrower calyx-lobes, and especially the almost total lack of cross-ribs on the more acute legumes. D. viicrantlnis was included in D. Haydcnianus in my Flora of Colorado. Colorado: La Veta, i8g6, C. L. Shear ^§6 g (type); Gun- nison, 1896, Clements 100 ; Ridgeway, 1895, Tzucedy 228 ; Rio Blanco, south of Pagosa, 1883, B. H. Smith. Kentrophyta minima sp. nov. Perennial with a woody root and cespitose caudex, forming cushions i dm. in diameter ; herbaceous stems 1—2 cm. high ; Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 421 leaves 5-8 min. long ; stipules scarious, lanceolate, 1—3 mm. long, more or less united ; leaflets 5-9, linear-lanceolate, conduplicate, pungent, 3-4 mm. long, finely strigose ; flowers usually solitary, subsessile ; calyx strigose; tube 1-1.5 mm. long, campanulate ; teeth subulate, scarcely i mm. long ; corolla ochroleucous, about 3 mm. long ; keel tipped with purple ; pod ovoid, rather turgid, acute, 3 mm. long. This is related to K. tegetaria (S. Wats) Rydb. \_Astragalus tegetarhis S. Wats.] and K. Wolfii Rydb. From the former it differs in the subsessile flowers and the shorter calyx-lobes ; K. tegetaria has i— 3-flowered racemes, exceeding the leaves in length and calyx-lobes which are longer than the tube. From K. Wolfii, it differs in the appressed pubescence, the smaller flowers and the shorter legume. It is an alpine species growing at an al- titude of 2800-3100 m. Yellowstone National Park: August 1884, Tweedy Sj (herb. Columbia Univ.). Aragallus patens sp. nov. Acaulescent perennial ; leaves spreading or ascending, 5—10 cm. long; leaflets 9-17, elliptic or oblong, acutish at both ends, 1-2 cm. long, 4—6 mm. wide, somewhat silvery with closely appressed hairs; scape 1-1.5 dm. high, strigose with short silky hairs; raceme short, 3-7 cm. long ; bracts linear-lanceolate to lanceo- late, 5—8 mm. long ; flowers usually spreading ; calyx sparingly appressed-silky with short hairs, often somewhat tinged with pur- ple above, 5-6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide ; teeth subulate, the upper 2 mm., the lower 3 mm. long ; corolla dark bluish-purple, about I 5 mm. long ; banner narrow ; wings broad, slightly emarginate,, the upper lobes narrow and acutish ; keel with a very dark purple spot, and a short, porrect tip ; legume ascending-spreading, thin- coriaceous, nearly straight, less than 2 cm. long, 4 mm. thick, long-acuminate, minutely strigose, half 2-celled. This is related to A. Laiiibertii and A. sericeiis. From the former it differs in the shorter and broader leaflets and the more spreading leaves ; from the latter in being greener, less hairy, and having narrower bracts and calyx-tube and darker flowers, and from both in the smaller size, thinner and more spreading legumes and smaller flowers. Colorado : Plains and foothills near Boulder, 1902, F. Tzvecdy Si6^ (type); between Sunshine and Ward, no. ji6j ; Eldora to 422 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Baltimore, no. 5^34 > Sargents 1901, C. F. Baker 344; Cimar- ron, no. 2^/. Wyoming: Laramie Plains, 1903, Goodding 1422 ; Centen- nial, 1900, Avcn Nelson j68o. Nebraska: Hay Springs, igoi, MaeDoiigal 44. Aragallus angustatus sp. no v. Acaulescent perennial ; leaves spreading or ascending, 6-10 cm. long; leaflets 7—13, narrowly linear-lanceolate to narrowly linear, 1-2 cm. long, 2—4 mm. wide, sparingly strigose ; scape about I dm. high, sparingl}^ strigose ; raceme 3—5 cm. long ; bracts lanceolate, about 5 mm. long; calyx finely silky-strigose ; tube 5-6 mm. long ; teeth subulate, about 2 mm. long ; corolla purple, I 5 mm. long or less ; banner rather broad ; wings broad and slightly emarginate ; keel with a very dark blue-purple spot and a very short porrect tip; legume ovoid, less than 1.5 cm. long, coriaceous, 3.5 mm. thick, rather abruptly contracted into a spreading beak, minutely strigose, half 2-celled. This resembles, somewhat, a low, narrow-leaved A. Lambertii, but differs in the more spreading leaves, and smaller, more spreading flowers, and especially by the short pod, with an abrupt spreading beak. The specimen designated as the type has the best developed fruit. Nebraska : Hills, Rush Creek, 1891, Rydberg S2C (fruit, type in herb. Columbia Univ.) ; prairies, Banner Co., no. 82a, in part (fruit); hills. Banner Co., no. c?j'/; (flowers) ; Hay Springs, 1901, MacDongal 64b (flowers). Aragallus Blankinshipii A. Nelson Prof J. W. Blankinship * writes : " Oxytropis Besseyi (R}'dberg) ; Aragallus Besseyi Rydberg, Flora 250 is A. Blankinshipii Nelson, Erythea, 7: 58. The types of both were collected within a few miles of each other. The fruiting specimens of Nelson were pathogenic, infected with uredo, causing the ovary to remain undeveloped and an abnormal calyx, the legume in the species usually exceeding the calyx ; otherwise they are identical." This statement is only partly correct. Professor Blankinship some time ago sent us specimens of Aragallus Blankinshipii from * Mont. Agr. College Sci. Slud. Bot. i : 80. 1905. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 423 the type collection. The flowering specimen is identical with my A. Bcsscyi, but the fruiting specimen is not. The flowering speci- men has long linear-subulate calyx lobes, 4 mm. long, and linear- lanceolate, acute bracts, while in the fruiting specimen the calyx- lobes are almost triangular and about half as long and the bracts lance-oblong and obtuse. If the fruit of the type sheet is infected by uredo, there is no evidence of it in the duplicate here at the Botanical Garden. The trouble is that Ai'agallus Blaiikinsliipii was described from flowering specimens of one species {A. Besscyi) and fruiting specimens of another. They are both well known to me. I intended to describe the second species in the Flora of Montana when in the meantime Professor Nelson's article in Ery- thea appeared. I had no authentic specimens of his new species. As I knew of no species answering to Professor Nelson's descrip- tion of A. BlankinsJiipii, never suspecting it to be a composite one, and knowing one agreeing fairly with his description of A. coUiniis except as to the color of the corolla, I referred the specimens of my supposed new species to this. The New York Botanical Garden has since received authentic specimens of both A. Blank- insJiipii and A. colliims and I have been able to correct my mis- take. The specimens referred to A. collinus in my Flora of Mon- tana are specifically the same as the fruiting specimens of A. Blanki)is]iipii. Mr. Gooding has also collected good fruiting specimens in Wyoming at Alcona, Natrona County, in 1901 {^110. 7^7). These were determined as A. Blankinsliipii. This species is closely related to A. namts, differing mostly in the erect stiff scape and more elongated spike. A. Bcsscyi, to- gether with A. argopliyllns, forms a small group more related to A. Lainbcrtii. I adopt the name A. Biaiikinshipii for this species, represented by the fruiting specimens of the original description for the following reasons : ( i) Prof Nelson has laid most stress on the structure of the pod, associating A. Blankinsliipii with A. collinus, A. iiiiilti- ccps, A. LagopHs and A. nanus, to which this species is related; (2) The characters of the fruit in the genus Aragallus are more reliable then those of the flowers to show the actual relationship ; (3) The species represented by the flowering specimens has already received a name. The synonymy of the two species is as follows : 424 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Aragallus Blankinshipii a. Nelson Erythea 7: 58 (fruiting specimens). 1899. Aragallus colliniis Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden, i : 254. 1900. Not A. colliniis A. Nelson 1899. Aragallus Besseyi Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden i : 250. 1900. Oxytropis argcntata Pursh Fl. Am. Sept. 473. 1814. Not. O. argcntata Persoon. Aragallus Blankinshipii A. Nelson. Erythea, 7: 58 (flowering specimens). [899. Aragallus monticolus A. Nelson, Erythea 7 : 62, in part. 1899. Not Oxytropis niontuola A. Gray. Oxytropis Bcsscyi Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. Bot. I : 80. 1905. Aragallus atropurpureus sp. nov. Acaulescent perennial ; leaves numei'ous, 3-7 dm. long ; leaf- lets oval to oblong, canescently silky-villous, 5-1 5 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, obtuse or acute ; scape 6-10 cm. Ion", loosely villous; raceme short and headlike ; 2-3 cm. long ; bracts linear-subulate, 5-10 mm. long ; calyx dark, villous v»'ith mixed black and white hairs ; tube 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide ; teeth black-hairy, subulate, 4 mm. long; coralla dark-purple, about 15 mm. long; wings deeply emarginate ; keel with a rather long ascending tip ; leg- ume ovoid, less than 1.5 cm. long, 15 mm. thick, abruptly acumi- nate with a spreading beak, villous, partly black-hairy, thin, half 2-celled. In pubescence and leaf-form, this species most resembles A. sericcics, but it is a much smaller plant, has only half 2-celled, shorter and more curved pod. It is easily distinguished from all the other purple-flowered species of the A. Lavibertii group by the black-hairy calyx and long calyx-teeth. Wyoming : Headwaters of Tongue River, "Big Horn Moun- tains, 1898, F. Tweedy 12 s (type, in flower); 710. 126 (in fruit). Hedysarum utahense sp. nov. Perennial with a rootstock ; stem 4-6 dm. high, finely strigose, stipules triangular, acuminate, 5-8 mm. long; leaves —15 cm. long; leaflets 11 — 17, elliptic, oval or oblong, usually rounded at both ends, 1-3 cm. long, 5—10 mm. wide, glabrous above, finely Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 425 cinereous-strigose or more glabrate beneath ; peduncles about i dm. long; raceme 4-10 cm. or in fruit even 2 dm. long; bracts ovate to lanceolate, scarious ; calyx cinereous-strigose ; tube nearly 3 mm. long ; teeth lance-subulate, 5 mm. long, attenuate ; corolla rose-purple; banner 15-18 mm. long; keel 18—20 mm.; loments minutely strigose ; internodes 2-5, 6-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide; nodes narrow, 2.5 mm. or less. This is related to the subarctic H. Mackenzii, from which it differs in the denser pubescence on its calyx, its broader calyx-teeth, its fewer and larger internodes of the loment, its taller habit, broader bracts and lighter and redder flowers. It grows on hill- sides at an altitude of 1400— 2000 m. Utah: Vicinity of Salt Lake City, 1883, Z^'cJ/zcr/v/ 55 (type) ; 1900, Stokes; 1869, Watso)i 2g^ ; near Ogden, Coulter; Stans- hury ; Wahsatch Mountains, 1888, Dr. Ecclcs. Lathyrus brachycalyx sp. nov. Perennial with a creeping rootstock ; stem simple or slightly branched, 1.5—3 ^"''- liigh> usually finely pubescent, sharply 4- angled ; stipules semi-sagittate, 5-10 mm. long, 1.5-3 "'"^''- wide, pubescent ; rachis 2-5 cm. long, somewhat winged ; leaflets 2—5 pairs, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, firm, strongly veined, finely pubescent, acute at both ends, 1-3 cm. long, 2-8 mm. wide; ten- drils of the lower leaves reduced to mere tips, those of the upper leaves better developed, but usually simple ; peduncles 5—10 cm. long ; raceme short, 2-6-flowered ; calyx puberulent ; tube 4-5 mm. long; upper teeth broadly triangular, scarcely 2 mm. long, the rest lance-subulate, the lowest one 3 mm., rarely 4 mm. long ; corolla purple, 2—2.5 c"^- ^o^g ! legume glabrous, 3-4 cm. long, 7 mm. wide. This species has been confused with L. dccapctaliis and is closely related to it. It differs in the much shorter calyx-tube and calyx-teeth, the broader, more upturned banner, the more pubescent foliage and less well developed tendrils. It grows on hillsides and in cafions and washes at an altitude of 1400- 2500 m. Utah: City Creek Canon, 1883, F. E. Leonard loi (type), 20 and 2^ ; 1900, S. G. Stokes ; 1880, M. E. Jones ijoo ; near Salt Lake City, 1904, Garrett gg8 ; 1905, Rydberg 6162 ; Mt. Majestic, Garrett 16^6; Mount Nebo, 1902, Goodding iroj ; Wahsatch Mountains, 1869, ^. ]]uitsou 2gj. 426 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Capnoides hastatum sp. nov. Glabrous green perennial, I- 1. 5 m. high, branched above ; leaves 2-4 dm. long, thrice pinnatifid ; ultimate divisions elliptic or oval, 1—2 cm. long, mucronate ; racemes i dm. long or more ; bracts oblanceolate, about i cm. long ; pedicels about 3 mm. long ; sepals narrowly hastate with broad often toothed, divergent basal lobes, about 2 mm. long; corolla with the spur 15-18 mm. long, salmon-pink ; hood scarcely crested. This species is closely related to C. Ciisickii (S. Wats.) Heller, but differs in the smaller corolla, less crested hood and the sepals which are hastate instead of reniform and laciniate. Idaho: Lolo Creek, 1902, C. J\ Pi f rr ^ojy (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Capnoides brachycarpum sp. nov. Glabrous and glaucous perennial with thick root ; stem 3-6 dm. high, branched above ; leaves 2-3 dm. long, thrice pinnatifid; ultimate divisions lanceolate or lance-elliptic, 2—3 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide; racemes 1-2 dm. long, the upper often branched; bracts linear-subulate, about 5 mm. long ; pedicels ascending, about 5 mm. long ; sepals ovate, acute, 2—3 mm. long with toothed auricles at the base ; corolla, including the spur, about 15 mm. long, yellowish, the inner petals tipped with purple or brown ; spur about the length of the body of the petals, horizon- tal ; crest of the hood obsolete ; pod horizontal or reflexed, obo- void, about I cm. long and 6 mm. wide. This species was included in the original description of Corj/- cialis Braiidcgci S. Wats., but the type of the latter and all Colo- rado specimens can easily be distinguished b}^ the green, scarcely elaucous foliage, the broader oval or obovate mucronate divisions of the leaves, the broader and obtuse sepals, the longer corolla, which is fully 2 cm. long and has an almost erect spur, and the fruit, which is fully 1.5 cm. long but scarcely more than 4 mm. thick. C. bracliycarpuni grows along streams at an altitude of nearly 3000 m. Utah: Alta, 1879, M. E. Jones iigj (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); 1905, Rydbers, 6848 ; Silver Lake, American Fork Caiion, 1895, M. E. Jones ; Wahsatch Mountains, 1884, Leonard 175- Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 427 Lepidium Crandallii sp. no v. L. Joncsii Rydb. Bull. Ag. Ex. Sta. Colo. lOO : 152, in part. igo6. L. Eashvoodiac Rydb. /. c. in part. Perennial ; stems several, branched and leafy throughout, glabrous or puberulent above, 3-5 dm. high ; basal leaves and lower stem-leaves pinnatifid, 5—7 cm. long, glabrous, with ob- lanceolate or oblong, entire or slightly toothed divisions ; upper stem-leaves, especially those of the branches, oblanceolate or linear, entire or toothed ; sepals oblong, nearly 2 mm. long, white- margined ; petals clawed, about 3 mm. long, white, their blades obovate ; stamens 6; fruiting racemes 5 — 10 cm. long; pedicels divergent ; pods oval or ovate, about 4 mm. long, glabrous, slightly wing-margined above ; style i mm. long, about twice as long as the wing-margin. This species is related to the two species to which it has been referred and to L. allyssoidcs. From the latter and L. Eashvoodiac it differs in the more commonly dissected stem-leaves, the broader and shorter segments of the leaves and the comparatively longer style. From L. Joncsii it differs in the broader leaf-segments, thinner leaves, and more branched habit. From L. scopitlonim it differs in the less woody base, the branched and leafy stem, thinner leaves and shorter styles. Colorado: Palisades, May 14, 1898, Crandall ij i (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.); Glenwood Springs, 1902, OstcrJiout 2^C)g ; Lepidium brachybotryum sp. nov. Biennial or perennial with a tap-root; stem 2-3 dm. high, branched, puberulent throughout ; basal leaves puberulent, bipin- natifid, about 5 cm. long, with elliptic or obovate lobes ; stem- leaves oblanceolate, pinnatifid or toothed ; sepals oblong, about i mm. long, white-margined ; petals white, clawed, 2 mm. long, their blades broadly obovate ; stamens 6 ; fruiting racemes short, 2-5 cm. long ; pedicels divergent, 5-7 mm. long ; pod rounded-ovate, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, wing-margined above ; styles less than 0.5 mm. long, scarcely exceeding the wing-margins. This is related to L. monta}iiim but differs in the short style, more rounded pods, and short racemes. It grows on sage-brush flats. Utah : Juab, 1902, Goodding loy^ (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Wasatch County, near Midway, Carlton & Garrett 6/28 (poor specimen doubtfully referred here). 428 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Lepidium Fletcher! sp. no v. Annual or biennial ; stem erect, 3—5 dm. high, puberulent with short cyHndric spreading hairs, branched above with ascend- ing branches ; leaves narrow, pinnatifid with linear divisions or saliently toothed, 2-5 cm. long, puberulent ; those of the inflores- cence linear and entire ; sepals oblong, scarcely i mm. long, green, with white margins ; petals none ; stamens usually 2, scarcely ex- ceeding the sepals; fruiting racemes 3-5 cm. long; pedicels 4 mm., terete; pod glabrous, scarcely 3 mm. long, obovate in out- line, glabrous, strongly wing-margined above ; lobes of the wings nearly 0.5 mm., triangular-ovate, acutish or obtuse; seed i mm. long, brown, wingless. This species is related to L. densifloniDi and L. rndcralc, but differs from both in the deeper, more open notch of the pod and the prominent lobes of the wing. From the former it differs also in the smaller pod and the narrow divisions of the leaves and from the latter in the leaves, of which none, apparently, are bi- pinnatifid. In the fruit it resembles L. Bourgemiainiin Thelling, but differs in the simple erect habit and in the pinnatifid leaves. Manitoba : Roadsides, Winnipeg, 1905, J. Fletcher (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; apparently also Saskatchewan: Cherryfield, 1906, Macoiin & Herriot 6g88i. THELYPODIUM Endl. This genus as treated in the Synoptical Flora represents at least half a dozen different types of plants. Whether they should be regarded as one or more genera depeixls upon the individual tastes and inclinations of the botanist treating them. Dr. Greene, in splitting up the genus StreptantJius, expressed the opinion that either these two genera, Stanfordia and Canlaiitluis, should be united into one, or else Streptaiithus should be divided into sev- eral. The writer agrees so far with Dr. Greene and thinks that Thelypodium and CanlaiitJins should be treated the same way. He has not been able to follow Dr. Greene in his segregation, how- ever, partly because he does not know well enough the West American species treated by Dr. Greene, and partly because his opinions differ considerably in some cases. One of these cases will be given below. Tiielypodiiiiii was established by Endlicher, and based wholly Rydberg : RocKV Mountain flora 429 on Pachypodinin Nutt.* A generic diagnosis was given but no species were cited. In Walpers' Repertorium (i : 172), the genus was again taken up and the three species of Pacliypodiuni found in Torrey and Gray's Flora, were taken up in the same order as these. Hence TJicIypodiuni is a mere substitute for Pachypodinin, which name had been used for another genus, and the type of the latter genus is the type of the former. The three species oi PacJiy- podiuui are the following, given in the order in which they appear : P. laciniatiim, P. intcgrifolinin, P. sagittatuni. The last of the three need not be considered, for in Torrey and Gray's Flora it is regarded as doubtfully belonging to the same genus as the pre- ceding and perhaps belonging to a section of Arabis. The type o( Pachypodiinn Nutt., and hence of Thelypodhini Endl., must then be either P. laciinatiiin or P. integrifoluim. There is nothing that points directly to either of the two, but everything favors the for- mer. It is not only the first species mentioned, but it is also the only one previously known and figured. It was first described as Macro podium laciniatnni. Hooker compared it with the original M. nivale, gave figures for both and emphasized the differences between the two, the oblong anthers and the long, slender pubes- ent stipe of M. nivalc and the linear anthers and the short, stout stipe of M. laciniatiun. Nuttall remarked " evidently not a Macro- podiinn." It is evident that he selected the name Pachypodiui/i from the short, stout stipe. If Macropodiitni laciinatiini Hook, is regarded as the type of Thciypodii/m Endlicher, and the writer can not regard it otherwise, the closest relatives of it we find in 7\ iitaJiciisc Rydb. and the groups of Tliclypodia on which Dr. Greene based his genus Guil- lenia. It is hard to see how Thclypodiiim lasiopliyllum Greene, the type of the latter genus, can be generically distinct from T. laciniaiiim (Hook.) Endl. Every character pointed out by Dr. Greene for his Guillcuia agrees with the latter and is even found in Hooker's description. It will be admitted that there are some habitual differences, by which T. laciniatiim is isolated from Guil- lcuia, but T. utahcnse, originally named T. laciniatiim, has the habit of that genus, while the flower and fruit are essentially those of T. lasiopliyllum. *T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i : 96. 1838. 430 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Dr. Greene evidently intended to include in Guillenia, Arabis lo'igirostris or StreptantJms longirostris, but in enumerating the species of his new genus he has no G. longirostris. He has one G. rostrata based on Arabis rostraia S. Wats., a name the publi- cation of which I have been unable to find. Arabis longirostris is hardly congeneric with Tclypodiuui lasiophylluui, however. It has the flat pod oi Strcptanthns, but the short anthers, merely cordate at the base, and not spirally curved, place it as very doubtfully belonging to any of the Streptanthoid genera. The second species of Pachyfyodiiun in Torrey and Gray's Flora, now usually known as Thclypodinin intcgrifoliuni (Nutt) Endl., is so different in habit, that the writer has always found it hard to regard it as congeneric with the rest, but the differences in the structure of the flower and of the pod externally are so slight that a segregation based on habit ahme would not be desir- able. There is however, a character in the pod, unique to this species and two or three segregates from it and making them stand isolated from all the other Thelypodioid plants, viz., the strong and broad midrib of the septum of the pod. There is no distinct midvein in any of the typical Thelypodia. A species closely resembling T. intcgrifoliuni in habit, foliage and flowers, is T. linearifolinni or lodanthus or Strcptanthus lincari- foliiis, but it lacks the rib on the septum. Besides it has two characters not found in the other Thelypodia. Two of the rather firm and purple sepals are strongly saccate at the base and the stigma is conical, not truncate nor 2-lobed as in the other species. It could be referred to Hcsperis, which it resembles especially in the flowers, if it were not for the stipitate, terete pod and the curved anthers, which characters are strongly thelypodioid. In describing the subgenus Eiithelypodiuni in the Synoptical Flora, Dr. Robinson gives 7". clegans Jones as an exception hav- ing a 2-lobed stigma with the lobes expanding over the septum. In the whole tribe the stigma is either undivided or else the lobes are expanded over the valves. This exceptional character is most pronounced in the species mentioned above, but it is also found in less degree in T. aiireuni Eastw. and T. Bakeri Greene. Mr. George Osterhout, of New Windsor, Colorado, who has collected a specimen of T. eligans, has written on the label : " near to Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 431 StrcptnntJius wyoiinngciisis A. Nelson but probably rather a TJicly- podiinnr This note made the writer compare the latter species. When S. %vyonii)igcnsis was first described, it was thought that it was the closest relative of 5". iiiaciilatits Nutt., the only original Streptanthiis, but a closer comparison now has shown that the pod is not flat as in Streptantluis and the lobes of the stigma are turned the wrong way. Its relationship is with the three TJiclypodia just mentioned above, with which it also agrees in habit. Two other species of Thclypodiiim are said by Dr. Robinson to have the lobes of the stigma placed in the same way, viz. : T. vncraiitJiuui and T. hnigifoliiiiii, but here that character is scarcely noticeable. There are other characters in which they disagree with the other TJiclypodia. The branched or stellate pubescence is unique in the whole tribe and should place them according to the classification used in Engier & Prantl's Pflanzenfamilien in another grand division of the family. The stamens and the pods are, however, more or less thelypodioid. In both species the flowers are more or less irregular, the lower sepals being longer (this is best shown in T. lougifolhiiii) and there is scarcely any distinction between claw and blade in the petals. The most interesting of the TJiclypodia is perhaps T. Wrightii. In the pod, the texture of sepals and petals, the form of the latter, etc., this is close to the typical TJiclypodia. The habit is not so essentially different either, but the sepals are spreading-reflexed and early deciduous as in Staiilcya and the glands at the base of the stamens and the thickening of the pedicel, both so conspicu- ous in most thelypodioid plants, are here inconspicuous. The plant could not be included in Stanlcya, on account of the short stipe, the different habit and the structure of the petals. The genera may be distinguished as follows : Sepals equal or nearly so ; hairs simple or none. Sepals erect or ascending in anthesis. Stigma distinctly lobed, its lobes expanded over the septum. Thelypodiopsis. Stigma entire or, if indistinctly lobed, the lobes expanded over the valves. Stigma truncate ; sepals scarcely gibbous at the base. Septum of the pod without a distinct midrib. Thelypodium. Septum of the pod with a strong midrib. Pleu7-ophragt)ia. Stigma conical ; the outer sepals gibbous at the base. Hesperidatithus. Sepals strongly spreading or reflexed in anthesis, soon deciduous. Stanleyella. 432 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Sepals unequal, the lower longer ; hairs, at least some of them, stellate or branched, Ileteroihrix. THELYPODIOPSIS gen. nov. Biennials with rather thick and glaucous foliage and glabrous except the lower part of the stem. Basal leaves spatulate or ob- lanceolate, more or less toothed, with winged petioles ; stem-leaves auriculate-clasping with rounded auricles. Sepals thin, erect or ascending, not gibbous, more or less petaloid, linear or oblong. Petals more or less clawed, white or purplish or in one species yellow. Filaments distinct, slender, filiform or subulate ; anthers long, linear, sagittate at the base, soon spirally curved. Pod slen- der, terete, more or less torulose, usually with short stipe and style ; stigma 2-lobed, the lobes expanded over the septum ; coty- ledons obliquely incumbent. The first species of this genus as well as of the following new genera is regarded as the type. Stipe very short, Jess than i mm. long or almost none ; petals white or tinged with purple. Style 2 mm. or nearly so. Pod 7-9 cm. long. T. elegans. Pod about 4 cm. long. 7'. Bakeri. Style less than i mm. long ; pod 5-7 cm. long. T. wyomingensis. Stipe 2-5 mm. long ; petals and sepals yellow. T. aurea. Thelypodiopsis elegans (M. E. Jones). Tlielypodiinii clcgaiis M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 265. 1893. Thelypodiopsis Bakeri (Greene). Tlicly podium Bakeri Greene, PI. Baker. 3: 8. 1901. Thelypodiopsis wyomingensis (A. Nelson). StrcptantJius 7vyonii)igcnsis A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 26 : 126. 1899. Thelypodiopsis aurea (Eastw.). ThclypodiiiDi anrciiin Eastw. Zoe 2 : 227. 1891. Thelypodium Palmeri sp. nov. Biennial or perennial with a tap-root ; stem 3-5 dm. high, sparingly hirsute below, glabrous above ; basal leaves oblanceo- late or spatulate, 2—4 cm. long, more or less hirsute beneath, especially on the veins ; stem-leaves sagittate, 2-4 cm. long, glab- rous or nearly so ; inflorescence usually branched with ascending branches ; pedicels nearly erect, 5-8 mm. long ; sepals oblong, 3-4 mm. long; petals 5-6 mm. long, white or rose; claw about 3 mm. long ; blade spatulate or oblanceolate ; pod about 2—5 cm. long, I mm. wide. Rydberg : RocKV Mountain flora 433 This species has been confused with T. sagittatuui (Nutt.) Endl., but differs in the smaller and narrower petals, nearly erect pedicels and narrow pod. Southern Utah : 1877, ^- P'-'^i^'it-^'' 2j (type in herb. Columbia Univ.). Thelypodium leptosepalum sp. nov. Annual or biennial, glabrous throughout; stem 4-6 dm. high, branched; leaves thin, glabrous, 6-10 cm. long, lyrate-pinnatifid with lanceolate divergent lobes ; flowering pedicels about 3 mm. long;, sepals lance-subulate, 6 mm. long, i — 1.5 mm. wide at the base, white ; petals narrowly linear-oblanceolate, almost strap- shaped, with scarcely any distinction between blade and claw, 8 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide or less ; filaments filiform, about i cm. long when well developed ; anthers linear, sagittate at the base, soon curled. This is closely related to T. laciniatuui (Hook.) Endl., but differs in the narrow tapering instead of oblong sepals. It grows at an altitude of 450-600 m. on rocky banks. Idaho : Lewiston, Nez Perces County, 1896, A. A. & E. Ger- trude Heller J022 (type in herb. Columbia Univ.); Valley of Peter Creek, Nez Perces County, 1892, Sandbcrg, MacDougal & Heller 122. PLEUROPHRAGMA gen. nov. Tall glabrous perennials or biennials with paniculate inflores- cence and thick entire leaves. Basal leaves oblanceolate or spatu- late ; stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile but not clasping. Se- pals ascending, thin, more or less petaloid. Petals white or purplish with slender claws. Filaments distinct, subulate, white, somewhat dilated below and with conspicuous glands at their bases ; anthers linear, sagittate at the base, curved. Receptacle dilated. Pod slender, terete, torulose, tapering at both ends into a short stipe below and a short slender style above ; stigma minute, entire ; septum with a strong midrib. Pleurophragma integrifolium (Nutt.) PacJiypodiniH integrifoliuiii Nutt. ; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i : 96. 1838. Thelypodiuui integrifolium Y.\\^\. \ Walp. Rep. i: 172. 1842. Pleurophragma gracilipes (Robinson) Thelypodium integrifolium gracilipes Robinson, Syn. Fl. i^ 176. 1895. 434 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Pleurophragma platypodum sp. nov. Glabrous perennial with a tap-root ; stem simple up to the in- florescence, 1—2 m. high ; basal leaves spatulate, 5-10 cm, long, entire ; stem-leaves 3-6 cm. long, linear-lanceolate or oblanceo- late, dark-green, thick ; inflorescence paniculate ; racemes dense, at first corymbiform, in fi-uit about I dm. long ; sepals oblong, yel- lowish- or greenish-white, 4 mm. long ; petals white, clawed, 6-7 mm. long ; blades spatulate ; pedicels in fi-uit about 3 mm. long, divergent or somewhat reflexed, dilated and flattened at the base, pod 1.5-2 cm. long, i — 1.5 mm. thick, torulose ; ^tipe 1-2 mm. long ; style short. This is related to PlcuropJiragma ijitcgrifoluim ( TJiclypodium integnfoliiim Endl.), but differs in the shorter inflorescence, the shorter pedicels, broadened at the base, the shorter pod with longer stipe and shorter style. Utah: Moab, 1891, M. E. Jones (labeled Thclypodhim W7'ightii, type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Arizona : 1876, E. Palme?-. To this genus belongs also Thelypodiiini lilaciiinm Greene, PI. Baker. 3:9. 1 901, if distinct fi-om T. integrifoliuvi. The only specimens at hand differ fi-om that only in the stronger purple color of calyx and corolla. They are without fruit, which, how- ever, may furnish distinctive characters. HESPERIDANTHUS (B. L. Robinson) Rydb., gen. nov. ThclypoduLin% Hcsperidanthiis B. L. Robinson, Syn. Fl. i' : 174. 1895- Erect, slender, glabrous perennials, with pale foliage ; corym- bosely branched above. Basal leaves obovate, toothed ; stem- leaves linear, entire. Sepals rather firm, erect ; the outer strongly saccate at the base. Petals purple, with obovate blades. Anthers linear, sagittate at the base, strongly curved. Stigma conical or ovate, neither truncate nor 2-lobed. Pod terete, linear, short- stipitate. Hesperidanthus linearifolius (A. Gray). Slreptanthus linearifoliiis K. Gray, PI. Fendl. 7. 1849. lodanthus or Paehypodnun lincarifoliuin A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 187. 1863. Thely podium linearifoliuDi S. Wats. Bot. King's Expl. 25. 1871. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 435 STANLEYELLA gen. no v. Tall branched biennials. Leaves thin, the lower ones lyrately pinnatifid, the upper entire. Sepals thin, petaloid, white, oblong or linear, spreading or even reflexed in anthesis. Petals white, with oblanceolate or spatulate blades gradually tapering into a short claw. Filaments distinct, filiform ; anthers linear, sagittate at the base, soon more or less spirally recurved. Pod slender, terete with short stipe and short style ; stigma small, truncate or nearly so ; cotyledons incumbent and somewhat conduplicate. Stanleyella Wrightii (A. Gray) TJiclypodiinn WrigJitii K. Gray. PI. Wright. 1:7. 1852. HETEROTHRIX (B. L. Robinson) Rydb., gen. nov. TJicIypodiiim § HctcrotJirix B. L. Robinson, Syn. F"l. i' : 178. 1895. Slender biennials, more or less pubescent at least below with stellate or branched hairs. Basal leaves oblanceolate, more or less toothed ; stem-leaves lance-linear or linear, entire. Racemes elon- gated, slender. Calyx more or less oblique, the lower sepals being longer than the upper, all ascending, rather firm and more or less purplish. Petals oblanceolate or spatulate, indistinctly or broadly clawed. Filaments subulate, broad at the base, dis- tinct, scarcely exserted ; anthers linear, sagittate at the base, spirally curved. Pod slender, terete, sessile ; stigma minute, en- tire or slightly lobed, the lobes expanding over the septum ; coty- ledons obliquely incumbent. Heterothrix longifolia (Benth.) Strcptanthus longifolius Benth. PI. Hartw. 10. 1839. TJielypoduiin longifolium S. Wats. Bot. King's Expl. 25. 1871. Heterothrix micrantha (A. Gray) StrcptantJius viicrantlius A. Gray PI. Fendl. 7. 1849. Thelypodium inicrafithinn S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17:321. 1882. CHLOROCRAMBE gen. nov. Perennial glabrous herbs ; stem simple at least up to the in- florescence. Racemes lax with slender horizontal or reflexed pedicels. Leaves thin, petioled, with usually hastate blades. Sepals greenish, ascending. Petals greenish-white, with short claws and lanceolate dentate blades. Anthers sagittate at the 436 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora base, linear-oblong, at last curved, greenish. Pod slender, some- what torulose, short-stipitate and short-styled ; stigma minute, entire. The plant referred here has been included in Canlantlnis, but the type of that genus, C. crassicaulis, and its allies have an urn- shaped, more or less closed calyx ; linear, oblong, or spatulate petals, which have practically no claws, are thin and membranous except the upper third or fourth, which is thicker, brownish or purplish, curved and crisp ; and a conspicuous, two-cleft stigma. Chlorocrambe hastata (S. Wats.) Rydb. Caulaiithiis hastatits S. W'ats. Bot. King's Expl. 28. 187 1. Sophia magna sp. nov. Annual ; stem branched, 5-10 dm. high, sparingly stellate- puberulent or glabrous, stout ; basal leaves twice to thrice pin- natifid, 1—2 dm. long, nearly glabrous ; segments obovate, often toothed ; stem-leaves similar but with narrower segments ; sepals yellow, 2 mm. long, oblong ; petals spatulate, nearly 3 mm. long, rather light-yellow ; pedicels in fruit i 5—20 mm. long, ascending ; pod glabrous, more or less clavate, 12—15 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. thick ; seeds more or less in two rows. This species is related to 5. intermedia and S Jilipes, but differs from both in the broad segments of the basal leaves. In habit it therefore resembles J^. incisa, but has an evidently clavate pod. It has the conspicuous flowers of S. Jilipes, but the terminal segment of the leaves is not elongated. It was first mistaken for S. hracJiy- carpa ; but the style is evident although short. It grown on river- bluffs at an attitude of 1500—2500 m. Colorado: North of La Veta, 1900, Rydberg & Vreelaiid 6i6j (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; South of La Veta, 6162 ; Plains near Denver, 616^. Sophia Nelsonii sp. nov. Slender annual ; stems 2—4 dm. high, slightly stellate or glab- rate ; leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid with linear or oblong divisions, slightly stellate or glabrate ; sepals oblong, i mm. long ; petals light-yellow, spatulate, 1.5 mm. long ; fruiting pedicels ascending, 4-6 mm. long ; pods clavate, 5—8 mm. long, glabrous, slightly over I mm. thick ; style minute. This species is probably nearest related to 5'. intennedia, but Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 437 differs in the shorter pod and pedicels and the smaller flowers. From 6". pinnata it differs in being nearly glabrous and by the shorter pedicels and the erect pods. It grows on gravelly flats, sandy plains and rocky hills, at an attitude of 1 300-2000 m. Wyoming : Wraith Falls, Yellowstone Park, 1899, Avoi Nelson &Elias Nelson jjio (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Green Riv^er. 1895, Rydberg; Fort Steele, 1901, Tiveedy 447^ and 44S0 {?), Utah: Salt Lake City, 1884, Leonard 212. Arabis oreophila sp. nov. Arabis Drununondii alpuia S.Wats. Bot. King's Expl. 17, in part. 1871. Perennial with a more or less branched caudex ; stems 1-2 dm. high ; basal leaves numerous, broadly oblanceolate or spatu- late, stellate-pubescent ; stem-leaves rather {&\x, lanceolate, slight- ly auriculate-clasping ; sepals oblong, 3-4 mm. long, margined with purplish, obtuse, glabrous ; petals 7-8 mm. long, yellowish- white below, upper portion rose or purplish; pedicels 4—10 mm. long, erect or ascending ; pods glabrous, 3-6 cm. long, slightly arcuate, 2 mm. wide, acute, but beak obsolete ; seeds in 2-rows, winged above and on one side. This species is nearest related to A. Lyallii S. Wats., and was included therein, but differs in the broader and shorter basal leaves, which are decidedly stellate, and in the pod which lacks a distinct beak. It grows on the higher mountains at an altitude of 2500- 3500 m. Utah : Divide between Big Cotton-wood Canon and Heber Valley, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 66 y8 (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden, flowers and young fruit); Alta, 1879, Jones 124S (fr.) ; Uintas, 1869, Walson 75 (fl.) W'yoming : Union Peak, 1894, A. N'elson looy (fl.) ; upper Buffalo Fork, 1899, C. C. Curtis. Montana: Old Hollowtop, iSgy, Rydberg & Bessey {^.). Nfw York Botanical Garden. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 128 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XIX By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1909 Reprinted, without change of paging, from Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 36: 531-541. 1 O l'J09 From the Bulletin of the Torrev Botanical Club, 36: 531-541. 1909 Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XIX Per Axel Rydberg Muhlenbergia squarrosa (Trin.) comb. nov. Vi'fa squarrosa Trin. Mem. Acad. Petersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5^: 100. 1840. Vilfa dcpaitperata Torr. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 257. 1840. Not MuJilc7ibcrgia depaiipcrata Scribn. 1884. Sporohohis dcpaupcratiis Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club lo : 63. 1883. The group of grasses which Torrey, Trinius, and Thurber included under the generic name Vilfa has been transferred from Sporobolus to MitJdeubergia. See Bull. Torrey Club 32 : 599, 600. As this species is a member of that group, it also should be trans- ferred. It is doubtful which of the two specific names, squarrosa or dtpauperata is the older, but the latter is not available, as there is already a Muhloibcrgia depaupcrata Scribn. Agrostis atrata sp. nov. A somewhat tufted perennial; stems 1.5-3 <^'^''- '""'g^i. f^w- leaved, more or less bulbous at the base ; sheaths glabrous, shorter than the internodes ; ligules ovate, 1.5—2.5 mm. long; leaf-blades 5-10 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide, flat, smooth ; panicle 5—8 cm. long, rather open ; branches ascending, the lower ones 2—3 cm. long ; spikelets dark purple, about 2 mm. long ; empty glumes nearly equal, abruptly acute or acuminate ; flowering glume nearly as long, obtusish ; palet slightly shorter and more than half as broad. The type number of this species was determined by Professor A. S. Hitchcock as A. TJiurbcriana, but it differs from that species in the following respects : The empty glumes are dark purple as in A. aequivalvis, abruptly acute or acuminate ; the inflorescence is short and open and the stem is few-leaved. In A. Tluirberiaiia the empty glumes are green, only tinged with purple at the apex, narrowly lanceolate and gradually acute ; the inflorescence is long and narrow, and the stem is very leafy. It differs from A. acqui- valvis in the smaller spikelets, only 2 mm. long, instead of 3 mm., 531 532 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora and the shorter rachilla, which is barely one third as long as the flower. British Columbia : Yoho Valley, Sept. 6, igo^,jolin Macoun 64787 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; also 647S8 ; Selkirk Mountains, 1904, C. H. SJiaiv 424; Roger's Pass, July 31, 1890, John Maccmn. Agrostis Bakeri sp. nov. A cespitose perennial ; stem about 3 dm. high, erect, slightly geniculate below, glabrous ; basal leaves numerous ; sheaths close, slightly scabrous, those of the stem-leaves often shorter than the internodes, ligules ovate, 2 mm. long, dentate ; leaf-blades flat, 1-2 mm. wide, 5-10 cm. long ; panicle ovoid, 8-10 cm. long, open ; branches ascending, branched above the middle, the lower 3-5 cm. long ; pedicels somewhat scabrous, thickened below the spikelets ; empty glumes nearly equal, purple, 2-2.5 "^rn- long* acuminate ; flowering glume three fourths as long, obtuse, bearing above the middle a dorsal straight awn a little exceeding the glume ; palet none or minute. The type specimen of this species was determined as A. tenuis erccta by Professor Scribner and included by Professor Hitchcock in A. idahoensis (the latter united A. idalwensis Nash and A. tenuis Vasey). Professor Hitchcock remarked that Baker's )io. ij^o "is yet more robust and there is a short straight awn on the flowering glume." These are the essential characters by which it is to be separated from A. idalwensis. The empty glumes are also larger and more acuminate. One of the other specimens referred to Agrostis Bakeri, viz. )w. jy, was included in A. hieinalis geniinata by Hitchcock. Of this he remarked that it has "the awn but a more diffuse panicle." It is evident that Baker's no. jy and no. 150 belong to the same species, the former being younger and less well developed. Agrostis Bakeri is most closely related to A. geniinata Trin., differing in the broader leaves, ascending in- stead of divaricate branches of the panicle, smaller spikelets, and shorter awns. In A. geininata the basal leaves are filiform and involute, the spikelets about 3 mm. long and the awn equaling the empty glumes. A. Bakeri grows in the mountains at an altitude of 3000-3200 m. Colorado: Near Pagosa Peak, August, 1899, C. F. Baker ijo (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; >io. j/ and no. 1.48. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 533 Deschampsia confinis (Vasey) sp. nov. Dcscliainpsia caespitosa coiijiiiis Vasey ; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2 : 369. 1896. The only character given by Professor Beal is the unusual length of the ligules. To this should be added a narrow inflo- rescence with strongly ascending branches and a long awn inserted near the base of the floral glume. I think that these characters make the plant specifically distinct from D. caespitosa. D. confi)iis ranges from southern Utah and Arizona to southern California. Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) comb. nov. Kocleria tnincata ji/ajor Torr. Fl. U. S. i : 117. 1824. Ea to Ilia inter media Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 602. 1905. Sphoiop/iolis palle lis major ScYxhn. Rhodora 8 : 145. 1906. Poa callida sp. nov. Perennial, with a creeping rootstock ; stem 3-5 dm. high, somewhat flexuose, striate and glabrous ; ligules lanceolate, long- attenuate, 5-6 mm. long; leaf-blades flat, flaccid, 5-12 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide, smooth ; sheaths exceeding the internodes ; panicle open, i — 1.5 dm. long; branches spreading or reflexed, scabrous ; the lower ones in 4's to 6's, 5—7 cm. long, spikelet-bearing above the middle ; spikelets about 3 mm. long, 2- or 3-flowered, light green, strongly compressed ; first empty glume subulate, i-nerved, 2 mm. long; the second slightly broader, 3-nerved, 2.5 mm. long, glabrous; floral glumes 3 mm. long, strongly 5- nerved, acuminate, glabrous except the keel, which is slightly silky below ; cobweb scant but long. This species is related to Poa oceidenta/is Vasey, but is a weaker and more flaccid plant, has very long and conspicuous ligules, narrow flowering glumes, which are still more strongly nerved. The spikelets resemble those of P. nervosa, but are smaller ; the floral glumes are smooth and with a distinct cobweb. The type was named P. serotina, which also it resembles, but in that species the floral glumes are less compressed, with obsolete intermediate nerves. Montana: Warm Springs, Helena, July 13, iSg^, Rj'dl^erg- 2i^j (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.). 534 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Poa scaberrima sp. no v. A tufted perennial, with numerous intravaginal innovations ; stem 3-5 dm. high, 2- or 3-leaved, glabrous ; ligules lanceolate, acuminate ; leaf-blades filiform, involute, very scabrous, pale green ; blades of the basal leaves 8-1 5 cm. long, less than i mm. wide ; those of the stem-leaves 1-5 cm. long, erect ; panicle elliptic, dense, 4-7 cm. long ; branches short, strongly ascending ; spike- lets about I cm. long ; empty glumes ovate, nearly equal, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous ; floral glumes ovate, acuminate, pale, slightly tinged with purple, 5-6 mm. long, strongly 5-nerved, and con- spicuously scabrous. The type was named by Professor Scribner Poa Cusickii, from which it differs, however, in the larger, paler, very scabrous, acumi- nate floral glumes and the pale scabrous filiform leaves. In habit it more resembles P. idalioensis and P. subaj'istata. From the former it differs in the dense inflorescence and broader glumes ; from the latter in the broader glumes and the lanceolate ligules. Idaho : Beaver Canon, June 27, 1895, Rydbcrg 20jj (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Poa Helleri sp. no v. A tufted perennial ; stem slender, 4-6 dm. high, often purple- tinged below ; ligules lanceolate, acuminate ; leaf-blades very slen- der, flaccid, 5—15 cm. long, i mm. wide, more or less involute, scabrous; panicle rather loose, 8-10 cm. long; branches ascending; spikelets about i cm. long, 4- or 5-flowered ; empty glumes linear- lanceolate, 3 -nerved, glabrous, unequal, 4-5 mm. long ; floral glumes linear-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, strigulose below, sca- brous on the upper part. The type was named Poa Sandbcrgii, but it can scarcely be referred to that species. It differs in the pale inflorescence, larger and much narrower, conspicuously strigose floral glumes. In habit it resembles P. idalioensis, but evidently belongs to the same group as P. nevadcHsis, from which it differs in the slender habit and the narrower glumes with a different pubescence. Idaho : Lake Waha, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller j 2^4. (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.). Poa curta sp. nov. Perennial, with a horizontal rootstock ; stem glabrous, 4-5 dm. high ; sheaths short, glabrous ; ligules about i mm. long, truncate ; Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 535 leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, abruptly acute, spread- ing, dark green ; inflorescence short, open, 4-5 cm. long ; branches in 2's to 4's, spreading, 1—2 cm. long, spikelet-bearing above the middle ; spikelets light green, strongly compressed, about 6 mm. long, 2— 4-flowered ; empty glumes glabrous, but scabrous on the veins, lanceolate, the first 3 mm. long, i -nerved, the second 4 mm. long, 3-nerved ; floral glumes lanceolate, scabrous-strigulose, strongly 5-nerved, 5 mm. long. This species is related to P. occidoitalis (Vasey) Rydb. (/*. flexiiosa occideiitalis Vasey), but differs in the short ligules and the short broad leaves. Wyoming : Spread Creek, at an altitude of 2900 m., July, 1897, F. Tzveedy ij (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Poa subreflexa sp. nov. Perennial, ^vith a horizontal rootstock ; stem ascending, 5-6 dm. tall ; lower sheath finely and retrorsely strigulose ; ligules very short and truncate ; leaf-blades flat, flaccid, 7—10 cm. long, 3—4 mm. wide, spreading ; panicle open, about i dm. long ; branches re- flexed, the lower in 3's or 4's, 1—3 cm. long ; spikelets pale green, 6-7 mm. long, 3- or 4-flowered ; empty glumes glabrous, with broad scarious margins, lanceolate, the first i -nerved, about 3 mm. long, the second 3-nerved and about 4 mm. long ; flowering glumes lanceolate, 5 mm. long, scabrous-strigulose, strongly 5- nerved. This species is related to P. WJiecleri and P. Ohicyae, but dif- fers from both in the reflexed branches of the panicle and the broad flaccid leaves. Colorado : In shade of spruces on the bank of a creek, moun- tains north of Steamboat Springs, July 26, 1891, State Agricul- tural College distribution no. J7Ji (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Poa subtrivialis sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock ; stem slender, 4-6 dm. high, smooth ; ligules very short and truncate ; sheaths narrow, striate, exceeding the nodes; leaf-blades erect, flaccid, 8—15 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide, flat, dark green ; panicle narrow, 1—2 dm. long ; branches erect, scabrous, spikelet-bearing above the mid- dle ; spikelets light green, 3—4 mm. long, 2— 3 -flowered ; first empty glume very narrow, 2 mm. long, smooth ; the second lan- ceolate, 2.5 mm. long, prominently 3-nerved; floral glumes 2.5 mm. long, glabrous, obscurely nerved ; cobweb very scant. 536 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora This is closely related to the European P. ncvioralis^ but dif- fers in the truncate ligules, the smaller spikelets, and more strongly nerved empty glumes. It has the narrow inflorescence and nar- row empty glumes of P. neinoralis and thereby differs from P. in- terior, which also has been confused with the European relative. Wyoming: Big Horn Mountains, July, 1899, F. Tiveedy 21^1, (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Gros Ventre River, Aug., 1897, F. Tiveedy loi. Idaho: Northern Idaho, 1892,7^. H. Sandherg jyj. Distichlis dentata sp. nov. Perennial, with a creeping branched scaly rootstock ; stem i— 3 dm. high, very leafy; leaf-blades 5 — 12 cm. long, 2-3.5 mm- wide, flat or slightly involute ; panicle of the pistillate plant 4-8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide ; spikelets 1-2 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, 7-17-flowered ; empty glumes lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, short-acuminate, scarious-margined ; floral glume ovate in lateral view, 6 mm. long, fully 2 mm. wide from keel to margin, short- acuminate ; palet nearly as long, dentate on the keels ; panicle of the staminate plant looser, 5-10 cm. long; spikelets more com- pressed, floral glumes lanceolate in lateral view, straw-colored, acute, thin. This species differs from D. spicata and D. stricta in the broader leaves, larger and broader spikelets, larger and broader floral glumes and palets in the pistillate plant, and the distinct dentation on the keels of the latter. It has the broad leaves and the habit o{ D. thalassica, but lacks the loose sheaths of that species. The latter lacks the dentation of the palet characteristic of D. dentata. Washington : 1 893 , Sandberg & Leiherg 46 j ( ? , type, in herb. Columbia Univ.) ; Okanagon Valley, 1897, Elmer ^ 08 (?.) Oregon: Wild Horse Meadow, Southeastern Oregon, 1901, Griffiths & Morris §04. {S'). Saskatchewan : Carlton House, Richardson 28 (Franklin's Second Journ.). Nevada: Pleasant Valley, 1865, Stretch 203 (cJ*); Carson, 248 {^). Festuca saximontana sp. nov. ? Fcstuca ovina pscndovina Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2 : 595. 1896. Festuca pseiidovina Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 56. 1900. Not F. pseiidovina Hack. 1880. RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 537 Fcstiica oviiia pseudovina Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. lo : 26, 27. 1906. ^o\. F. ovina pscitdovinaW^icV. 1881. Densely cespitose, perennial, with intravaginal innovations; stem 2-4 dm. higji, slender, glabrous ; basal leaf-sheaths short, closed only at the base, loose above ; ligules very short and rounded ; leaf-blades very slender, 3-10 cm. long, less than half a millimeter wide, strongly involute, in age becoming strongly striate ; panicle very narrow and spike-like, 4-10 cm. long; its branches erect or nearly .so, short; spikelets 4-6-flovvered ; first empty glume i-nerved, about 2 mm. long, the second 3-nerved, 2.5 mm. long; floral glumes lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, glabrous ; awn 1-2 mm. long. This species is rather common on dry hillsides and mountains from Saskatchewan to Colorado and British Columbia up to an altitude of 3600 m. It has been mistaken for the European F. pseudovina Hackel. The latter was based on F. ovi)ia Host, Gram. Aust. 2 : pi. S^. This plate does not at all represent our North American plant. The figure represents a small plant with a short open panicle, while our plant has a very narrow, rather long panicle with erect branches. Piper in his monograph (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10 : 27. 1905) cites Host's plate no. 86, instead of )io. 8^. Whether this is a mere misprint or whether Piper really had the former plate in mind, 1 do not know. Plate 86, representing F. stricta, illustrates a plant in habit much more like our plant. Whether Beal (Grasses N. Am. 2 • 595) liad in mind the same plant as Piper and myself is very doubtful, as he cites only specimens from Michigan, and I have seen no specimens of F. saxiuioutana from that state. As the type the following may be assigned : Alberta: Vicinity of Banff, 1899, W. C. MacCalla 2j;ji (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Festuca calligera (Piper) sp. nov. Festuca aniethystina aspcrriiiia Hack. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2 : 601. 1896. Not i^. aspcrrinia Link, 1822. Festuca ovina calligera Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10 : 27. 1906. This I think is specifically distinct from F. ovina. In the her- baria at the New York Botanical Garden are found the following specimens : 538 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Arizona: Southern slope of San Francisco Mountains, 1904, Cannon & Lloyd ; Flagstaff, 1883, Rusby goi (dupl. of type) ; near Tucson, 1892, Tourney. Utah : Fish Lake Plateau, Aug. 9, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton y68g and ydSo. Colorado : Camp on Grizzly near foot of Rabbit Ear Range* State Agric. College distribution no. j6^g ; Breckenridge, 1896, Shear 1080. Vulpia megalura (Nutt.) comb. nov. Festiica megalura Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. II. i : 188. 1848. The group of annual grasses with usually but one stamen, generally included in Festuca, is so unlike the typical species of that genus that it very well deserves generic rank. The genus Vulpia Nees should therefore be reestablished. Vulpia reflexa (Buckley) comb. nov. Festuca reflexa Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 98. 1863. Vulpia pacifica (Piper) comb. nov. Festuca pacific a Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat, Herb. ID: 12. 1906. Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) comb. nov. Festuca octoflora Walt. Fl. Car. 81. 1788. Bromus Flodmanii sp. nov. Bromus aleutensis Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2 : 61. 1900. Not B. aleutensis Trin. 1853. A short-lived perennial ; stem glabrous, 6- 10 dm. high ; sheaths retrorsely pilose ; ligules 3—4 mm. long, laciniate ; leaf-blades 2—3 dm. long, 6-10 mm. wide, minutely scabrous ; panicle 1—2 dm. long; branches erect or nearly so; spikelets 2.5—3.5 c^- ^o^^S' 5—7 mm. wide ; empty glumes lanceolate in lateral view, about I cm. long, glabrous, acute, the first 3 -nerved, the second 5- nerved ; floral glumes about 15 mm. long, scabrous, narrowly margined, acuminate, slightly bifid ; awn 4-6 mm. long ; palet nearly as long as the floral glumes. The first two specimens cited below were included in B. margi- natus latior by Shear. He, however, has made on the sheet the following note : " very near aleutensis^' to which species the speci- Rydberg : RocKv Mountain flora 539 mens were originally referred. B. Flodmanii differs from B. marginatus latior in the scabrous, not pilose floral glumes, and the narrow inflorescence ; from B. alaitensis it differs in the shorter awns, the smaller florets, and the less open inflorescence, and from B. Hookerianiis in the smaller spikelets, shorter awns, and narrower scarious margins of the floral glumes. It agrees very well with the description and figure of CcratocJiloa brcviaristata Hook., but the palet is nearly as long as the floral glume. Montana: Sheep Creek, Aug. 8, 1896, /. H. Flodvian iSy (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; same locality and date, Rydberg 3308. Utah : Mount Nebo, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 7S95- Wyoming: Buffalo Fork, 1897, F. Tiveedy 6§. Agropyron latiglume (Scribn. & Smith) sp. nov. Agropyron violaccuni latighiiiic Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4 : 30. 1897. Agropyron inerme (Scribn. & Smith) sp. nov. Agropyron divergens iner7)ns\y\ Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4 : 27. 1897. Hordeum depressum (Scribn. &. Smith) sp. nov. Hordemn nodosum depressum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4 : 24. 1897. Elymus jejunus (Ramaley) sp. nov. Elymiis virginiens jejuiuis Ramaley, Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 114. 1894. Elynuis virginiens minor Vasey ; Rydb. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 193. 1895. This was well described by Professor Ramaley. The descrip- tion was overlooked when I a year later took up Dr. Vasey's manuscript name. Elymus marginalis sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock, somewhat tufted ; stem 6—10 dm. high, glabrous or pubescent at the nodes ; sheaths close, at least the lower ones retrorsely pilose ; leaf-blades spreading, 1-2 dm. 540 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora long, 7-10 mm. wide, flat, scabrous beneath, usually pilose above; ligules almost obsolete; spike 1.5-2 dm. long; spikelets usually in pairs, 4-5 flowered ; empty glumes 10-12 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, scabrous on the 4 or 5 nerves, with white or pink scarious margins; floral glumes 10-12 mm. long, glabrous and shining ; awns 8-20 mm. long. This is closely related to E. g/auais, but differs in the gla- brous floral glumes and the hairy sheaths and the hairy upper surface of the leaf-blades. British Columbia : Lower Arrow Lake, June 18, 1890, Ma- coun ^4. (type in herb. Columbia University). Washington : Clallam, 1900, Elmer igoj. Elymus Petersonii sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock ; stem 6-^ dm. high, slender, glabrous ; sheaths glabrous, striate, shorter than the internodes ; ligules very short and truncate ; leaf-blades flaccid, 1-1.5 dm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, light green, minutely scabrous on the veins of both sides, or sparingly pilose above ; spike very slender and lax; spikelets in pairs or single; empty glumes narrowly lanceo- late, acuminate or awn-pointed, about 8 mm. long, 3-nerved, purple- tinged ; floral glumes about i cm. long, glabrous ; awn about i cm. long. This species is also related to E. glaucus, but differs in the lax, interrupted spike, glabrous glumes, and the flaccid and more or less hairy leaf-blades. British Columbia : Roger's Pass, Selkirk Mountains, Aug. 9, 1904, H. Peterson [Shaw's distribution no.] 446 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Elymus vulpinus sp. nov. Perennial, with a short rootstock ; stems 5-7 dm. high, striate, erect ; sheaths close, striate, glabrous, often shorter than the inter- nodes ; ligule I mm. long or less, truncate, brown ; spike ex- serted, 1-1.5 dm. long, 6-7 mm. thick, sometimes slightly nod- ding ; spikelets i or 2 at each node, 4-6-flowered ; empty glumes linear-lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long, 5-nerved, scabrous on the back ; awn scabrous, of about the .same length ; floral glumes linear- lanceolate, long-acuminate, about 8 mm. long, hispidulous ; awn 8-10 mm. long, scabrous. This is one of the species connecting the genera Elyunis and Agropyron. The type was originally named Agropyron cani- Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 541 nuvi 7/ ?ii/atcralc {CdiSsxdy^Yd.sey, which is the same as A. Ricliard- soiiii. J. G. Smith in his revision referred it to A. Giiuiiiii. It resembles both a great deal in habit, but is distinguished by the hispidulous floral glumes and by the empty glumes, which are attached more or less obliquely, a character which would place the species in Elynius rather than in Agropyroii. It is a close relative of E. Sawidersii and E. ATacounii, which also could be referred almost equally well to either genus. In habit E. vitlpiinis is inter- mediate between the two, but is distinguished by the hispidulous, instead of glabrous, floral glumes and broader empty glumes. Nebraska : Lake region of Grant Co., northeast of Whitman, Rydberg idiy (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Alberta: Devil's Head Lake, Aug. 8, 1891, Macoun 114-52 in part, mixed with Agropyron sidnnllostivi and named A. dasy- stacliyum. New York Botanical Garden. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 129 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XX By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1909 Keprinted. without change of paging, from Bulletin of th« Torrey Botanical Club 36. *^ 676-698. 28 D 1909 I From the I'iilletin of ihe Torrey HoiANrcAt. Club 36 675-698. 1909J Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XX Per Axel Rydberg Phacelia nervosa sp. no v. PJiacclia alpiiia Rydb. Fl. Colo. 283, in part, as to the Colo- rado specimens. 1906. Perennial, with a short rootstock ; stems decumbent at the base, 1—3 dm. high, more or less hirsute and with short grayish hairs intermixed ; lower leaves with petioles 2—7 cm. long, simple or with a pair of smaller lobes on the petioles ; blades lanceolate, 2—5 cm. long, acute, hirsute on both sides, veins rather strong beneath ; upper leaves subsessile ; inflorescence soon open ; the racemes peduncled, in fruit 4—9 cm. long ; calyx more or less tinged with purple, about as long as the corolla ; sepals narrowly linear, acute, hirsute, with a strong midrib ; corolla white or nearly so, pubescent, about 5 mm. long ; filaments about twice as long as the corolla, slightly bearded at the base with short hairs ; seeds lance-ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, brown, faveolate. This was mistaken for PJiacclia alpina, which it resembles in habit, but it differs in the longer and more open racemes, the longer calyx-lobes, which about equal the corolla and have a strong midrib, in the almost glabrous filaments, in the whitish instead of lilac corolla, and in the more acute seeds. It grows on high mountains at an altitude of 3000 m. or more. Colorado: Silver Plume, Aug. 24, 1895, P. A. Rydberg (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; same locality and date, C. L. Shear J2jj ; Mt. Harvard, Aug. 17, 1896, C. L. Shear jy go ; 1896, F. E. Clements 408 ; near Ironton, San Juan County, July, 1899, C. C. Oirtis. Phacelia Burkei sp. nov. Perennial, with a taproot ; stems 2-3 dm. high, canescent ; basal leaves 3—10 cm. long, petioled ; blades lanceolate, entire, ■r— strongly veined, densely white- canescent on both sides ; inflores- »— cence branched, open ; racemes elongated, 2-8 cm. long ; calyx ▼-H canescent and hispid-ciliate ; lobes narrowly linear, obtuse, two "— ^ thirds as long as the corolla, with a lather strong midvein ; corolla r^ pubescent, white, 4—5 mm. long ; stamens about twice as long as ^ 675 UAKDtilN. 676 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora the corolla, villous-bearded ; seeds 4, dark chestnut-brown, 2 mm. long, puberulent, ellipsoid, strongly but finely faveolate. This resembles P. leticophylla Torrey in general habit, but differs in the narrow and more strongly ribbed calyx-lobes, the smaller and white corolla, and the more finely faveolate seeds. Idaho : Snake Country, Biirkc (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.). Washington : Collector not given. Phacelia leptosepala sp. no v. Perennial, with a taproot and a more or less cespitose root- stock ; stems ascending, hirsute, 1—3 dm. high ; leaves usually simple, hirsute on both sides, 5— 10 cm. long, oblanceolate or ellip- tic ; the lower ones petioled ; inflorescence with several short branches ; calyx hirsute ; lobes narrowly linear, hirsute, nearly as long as the corolla, acute ; corolla white, glabrous or nearly so, 5 mm. long ; filaments about twice as long, sparingly villous-bearded. This species is probably most nearly related to Phacelia nemo- ralis Greene, but differs in the low, slender, ascending stems, the cespitose habit, the longer and narrower, acute sepals, and the less bearded stamens. It somewhat resembles P. alpina in habit, but differs in the narrow calyx-lobes almost equaling the white corolla and in the hirsute pubescence, which consists only of coarse hairs. British Columbia : Vermilion Lake, Aug. 5, 1905, Edith M. Fan- 10 1 J (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Avalanche debris above Lardo, Selkirk Mountains, June 16, 1905, S/uiui 6g^. Montana: Mount MacDougal, 1901, UinbacJi ijQ ; Sperry Glacier, 1903, Uvibach 826. Lappula leucotricha sp. nov. Annual ; stem 2-4 dm. high, slender, branched above, densely pilose, especially below, with long white hairs ; basal leaves ob- lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, softly pilose on both sides ; stem-leaves linear or oblong, numerous ; bracts linear-lanceolate ; sepals linear, 2.5-3 "^n^- lo^g. i" fruit 4-5 mm.; corolla white, 3-3.5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad ; fruit erect, about 5 mm. wide ; nutlets about 2.5 mm. long, light, almost straw-colored ; marginal prickles in one row, not united into a disk, but broadened below and flat, scarcely grooved ; back strongly muricate. This species is related to Lappiila occidcntalis (S. Wats.) Greene, but differs in the soft white spreading pubescence, the white Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 677 flowers, the smaller fruit with broader, flattened prickles. In L. occidentalis the prickles are only slightly broadened below, not flattened, and strongly grooved on the inside. Arizona: Tucson, Apr. 20, 1894, Toiumy (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; vicinity of Flagstaff, June 16, 1898, MacDougal 122 ; CHfton, Apr., 1881, Rusby 281. Utah: St. George, 1877, Palmer ^^g. Eremocarya muricata sp. nov. Annual ; stem slender, branched throughout with ascending branches, strigose ; leaves linear, 2—5 mm. long, hispidulous, the hairs with pustulate bases ; racemes short and dense, usually less than I cm. long ; bracts oblong, 1—2 mm. long ; sepals linear, obtuse, 1.5 mm. long, hispidulous on the margins and midvein ; corolla white, i mm. long; limb scarcely 0.5 mm. wide; nutlets lanceolate in outline, long-acuminate, dull, finely muricate. This species is somewhat intermediate between Evcniocafya micrantha and E. Icpida. It resembles the former most in habit, but differs in the more ascending branches, the shorter leaves, and especially in the narrower, muriculate and dull, instead of smooth and shining, nutlets. The latter resemble much those of E. lepida, but are narrower and more tapering upwards. E. Icpida has much broader leaves and larger flowers. Utah : Southern Utah, 1874, Parry 16^ (type, in herb. Co- lumbia Univ.). Arizona : Near Camp Lowell, Apr. 13, 1881, Pringlc ; Pres- cott, \d>2>T), Rnsby y^j ; Tucson Mountains, Apr. 12, 1903, Thorn- ber ; Plains of Tucson, Apr., \Z^\, Leninion 20J ; Mesa, near Tucson, May 14, 1883, Pringle ; Apr. 25, 1906, Shear 42jj ; Tucson, Apr. 3, 1894, Toiimey. Greeneocharis circumscissa (H. & A.) Rydb. comb. nov. Lithospcrui2nn{f) circuinscissum H. & A. Bot. Beech. 370. 1840. Piptocalyx circumscissus Torr. ; S. Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 240. 1 87 1. EritricJiiinn circumscissinii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10 : 58. 1874. Krynitzkia circumscissa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 275. 1885. 678 Rydberg: Rocky Mountain flora Wlieclerella circuiiiscisssa Grant, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5 : 28. 1906. Piptocalyx Torr. of i 87 1 is antedated by Piptocalyx Oliver of 1870 and therefore Grcencocliaris Giirke & Harms was proposed instead of the former in the appendix to the Register of the Engler & Prantl, Nattirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.* This name was prop- erly published, although no binomials were used. There was therefore no need of substituting another generic name Wlieclerella as was done by Grant. The fact that the etymology is not as good as it might be does not at all invalidate Greeneochavis. Re- luctantly the writer is forced to add another binomial to the already too many names of this plant. Oreocarya spicata sp. no v. Perennial, with a taproot ; stem solitary and simple, virgate, hispid throughout ; basal leaves numerous, spatulate, 2-5 cm. long, hispid on both sides ; the hairs usually with pustulate bases ; stem-leaves linear-oblanceolate or linear, 4—9 cm. long, those of the inflorescence many times longer than the short flower clusters ; inflorescence elongated, spike-like ; calyx hispid, 4-5 mm. long, lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; corolla 6 mm. long, 4 mm. broad ; nutlets 4 mm. long, ovate in outline, scarcely keeled on the back, white and shining, smooth on the back, margins merely acute. This species is closely related to Oreocarya virgata, from which it differs in the light-colored, smooth nutlets, the smaller corolla- limbs, shorter and broader basal leaves. The nutlets in 0. virgata are more acuminate, brown or brownish gray, with a more dis- tinct ridge on the back, more or less transversely rugose and tubercled on the back, and with sharper margins. Colorado: Artist's Glen, Aug. i, 1901, Clements 102 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; North Cheyenne Canon, July 14, 1896, Ernst A. Bessey ; "Colorado," G. W. Hulsc. Cryptanthe leptophylla sp. nov. Annual ; stem simple, slender, erect, strigose throughout, 1.5-3 dm. high; leaves narrowly linear, 1-3 cm. long, 0.5— 1. 5 mm. broad, strigose ; inflorescence cymose, short, at the end of the stem, and on a few small branches ; calyx-lobes linear-filiform, *Gesamtregister 462. 1899. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 679 3-4 mm. long, in fruit 8-10 mm. long, white-silky with long spreading hairs ; corolla minute, shorter than thecalyx ; limb hardly 0.5 mm. wide; nutlets 3 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, long-acu- minate, strongly muricate ; groove closed, 2-forked at the base. The type sheet of this species was determined by Dr. Watson as Eritrichiiim barbigeriDii. It is abundantly distinct from Cryp- tautJie barbigcra, however, the main distinctions being the narrow strigose leaves, the strigose instead of hirsute or hispid stem, the minute corollas, and the narrower and differently shaped nutlets. Utah : St. George, 1877, E. Pahner jjo (type, in herb. Colum- bia Univ.). Cryptanthe confusa sp. no v. CryptiDitlie affiiiis Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. I : 330, in part. 1 900. Annual ; stem rather stout, hispid, branched ; leaves oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, 3-8 mm. wide, coarsely hirsute ; spikes at first very short, subcapitate, in age 4-5 cm. long ; calyx- lobes 2 mm. long, lance-subulate, hispid, in fruit 3-4 mm. long; corolla about 3 mm. long ; limb scarcely i mm. wide ; nutlets ovate, 2 mm. long, light-colored, smooth, shining, thin-walled, attached by the lower half or two thirds ; groove closed and simple to the base. This species is related to CryptantJic affiiiis and C. leiocarpa, but differs from both in the broader leaves. The nutlets are most like those of the former but the attachment extends somewhat higher. Wyoming : Upper Madison Canon, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 3, 1897, Rydberg &- Bessey zf.88^ (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Idaho: Beaver Cafion, June 27, 1895, Rydberg; Latah County, July 6, 1894, Pipci ig^o. Utah : Central Utah, 1875, Parry 6/ (?). Cryptanthe grandiflora sp. nov. Annual ; stem branched, 2-4 dm. high, hirsute with white hairs ; leaves broadly linear, lanceolate, or oblong, 3—5 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, hirsute, the hairs with pustulate bases ; spikes lax, in fruit often i dm. long ; calyx-lobes 3 mm. long, in fruit 5 mm., very hispid ; corolla white, 4-5 mm. long ; limb 5-6 mm. wide; nutlets ovate, 2.5 mm. long, shining, smooth, rather thin- walled ; groove narrow, 2-forked at the base. 680 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora This species has been variously named Cryptantlie leiocarpa, C. ainbig7ia, and C. Torreyana. It differs from the first in the 2-forked groove, from the second in the smooth nutlets, and from all in the large corolla. It is most related to C. Torreyana, having somewhat similar nutlets, but is easily distinguished from it by the large flowers and broad leaves. It may be the same as the large-flowered form of C. Torreyana calycosa referred to by Piper ; * but it does not have the elongated calyx-lobes of that species and has three to four times as broad corolla. Idaho : Valley of Clearwater River, April 23, 1892, Sandbcrg, MacDoiigal & Heller 10 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; about Lewiston, April 30, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller 2gg8. Washington : Wavvawai, May, 1897, Elmer jy^ ; near Monte- sano, June 10, 1898, A. A. &• E. Gertrude Heller 3^2^. Mertensia pallida sp. nov. Perennial, with a thick rootstock ; stem glabrous, very pale, 5-8 dm. high, leafy ; lower leaves oblanceolate, the upper narrowly lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, glabrous or minutely muriculate, ciliolate on the margins, pale ; inflorescence narrowly paniculate ; pedicels usually strigulose or sometimes the hairs represented only by the somewhat pustulate bases ; calyx-lobes oblong, about i mm. long, obtuse, ciliate on the margin ; corolla about i cm. long, the tube about equaling the limb ; filaments about i mm. long, dilated and at the apex broader than the anthers, which are about 2 mm. long. This is related to Mertensia ciliata but differs in the paler nar- rower leaves, the smaller corolla, and the usually strigulose pedicels. Montana : Lima, June 28, 1895, Rydberg 2-/ yy (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); June 30, 1895, Shear jjg^ ; Spanish Basin, July II, 1896, Flodvian 75/. Mertensia Leonardi sp. nov. Perennial, with thick rootstock ; stem erect, glabrous, pale, 5-10 dm. high, leafy ; leaves thin, glabrous and smooth beneath, more or less pustulate-muricate above, and ciliolate on the margins ; the lower short-petioled ; blades oblanceolate, 4-7 cm. long ; the upper sessile, lanceolate or ovate, 5-15 cm. long; inflorescence much branched ; pedicels sparingly pustulate ; calyx-lobes lanceo- * Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11 : 484. 1906. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 681 late, 4 mm. long, twice as long as the calyx-tube, ciliolate on the margins; corolla-tube 6-7 mm. long; limb 8-10 mm. long, 7-8 mm. wide. This is related to Merteiisia ai'izonica, M. intermedia, and M. stenoloha. From the former it differs in the long calyx-lobes and the short calyx-tube and from the latter two in the long and ample limb of the corolla. It is a larger plant than any of the three and often reaches a height of i m. Utah : Mill Creek Canon, July 31, 1884, F. E. Leonard (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Mertensia humilis sp. no v. Perennial, with a woody tap-root and cespitose caudex ; stem 1—2 dm. high, ascending or decumbent, glabrous ; basal leaves petioled, 3—8 cm. long ; blades thick, elliptic to ovate, glabrous beneath, pustulate-muricate above, ciliolate on the margins, stem- leaves sessile, elliptic or ovate, rarely oblong, 2—4 cm. long ; pedicels with scattered large pustules ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, hispid-ciliolate on the margins ; corolla 7-8 mm. long; tube slightly shorter than the limb ; stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla ; filaments short and narrow. The specimens referred to this species w^ere all named Mer- tensia alpina by the collectors. A few years ago the present writer regarded them as representing the typical M. alpina and redescribed the true M. alpina (Torr.) Don under the name M. obtiisiloba. A reexamination of James's plant (type of M. alpina^ has convinced me of the identity of M. alpina and M. obtusiloba. M. humilis combines the corolla and stamens of M. alpina with the leaf-surface, pedicels, and calyx of M. lanccolata. In habit it is intermediate between the two. Wyoming : Sand Creek, Albany Co., June 2, 1900, A. Nelson yo^j ; (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Laramie Hills, May 16, 1894, A. Nelson jj ; May 14, 1900, E. Nelson 184. Scutellaria veronicifolia sp. nov. Perennial, with creeping rootstock ; stem 2-4 dm. high, finely puberulent, more or less purplish ; leaves below the inflorescence ovate, obtuse, coarsely crenate, 1—4 cm. long, minutely puberulent or glabrate, short-petioled ; those of the inflorescence and branches oblong and entire or nearly so ; pedicels 3—5 mm. long ; calyx 682 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora finely pubescent, 6 mm. long; corolla 25-30 cm. long, its tube rather abruptly widening, 7-8 mm. broad at the throat. This species is related to ScJttellaria angiistifolia and 5. antir- rhi>ioidcs, but differs from both ni the broader corolla-tube. From the former it differs also in the broader and usually toothed stem- leaves and from the latter in the large flowers. Idaho : Sandbcrg, MacDougal, & Heller 1 1§ (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). California: Mokelumne Hill, 1853-4, Bigeknv (Whipple Exp.); \Z\6, Fremont LII I. Stachys asperrima sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock ; stem stout, 4-6 dm. high, coarsely hispid on the angles with spreading or reflexed hairs ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, truncate or rounded at the base, coarsely crenate, hispid above, hispid on the veins and also puberulent beneath ; spike 1-2 dm. long ; calyx densely hispid and somewhat glandular ; lobes lance- subulate, spinulose-tipped ; corolla purplish, 10-12 mm. long, puberulent, and more or less hirsute on the lips outside. This species belongs to the SlacJiys palustris group, but little resembles that species in general habit. In leaf-form, pubes- cence, and general habit, it reminds one of 5. areiiicola Britton, but the leaves are crenate instead of serrate and the pubescence is coarser. It resembles also 5. riviiiaris Heller, but the pubescence is coarser and the calyx-lobes are lance-subulate instead of lanceolate. Utah : Towards Jordan City, July 7, 1884, F. E. Leonard ij8 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Stachys Leibergii sp. nov. Perennial, with a horizontal rootstock ; stem 3-6 dm. high, sharply angled, glabrous below, softly hirsute above ; leaves ses- sile, lanceolate, acute, 4-8 cm. long, crenate-dentate, pubescent on both sides with short appressed hairs or in age glabrate ; bracts lanceolate, mostly entire, often purplish-tinged ; calyx softly pu- bescent, often purplish ; tube obpyramidal, about 4 mm. long ; lobes lanceolate, gradually setose-acuminate, almost as long as the tube; corolla about 12 mm. long, rose-colored, glabrous. This species is related to Stachys pabistris and 5'. scopidoruni. RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 683 From the former it differs in the more gradually acuminate and almost erect calyx-teeth, and from the latter in the short appressed pubescence of the leaves, and the usually glabrous lower part of the stem. Idaho : Low meadow, Blue Creek, alt. 700 m., Coeur d'Alene Mountains, July 20, 1895, Jolui B. Lcibcrg 1328 (type, in U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 230,81 1 ) ; Valley of Coeur d'Alene River, Koo- tenai Co., July 13, 1892, Sandberg, MacDoiigal, & Heller 6jg, in part. Stachys ampla sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock ; stem 5—7 dm. high, softly hirsute and more or less viscid, especially above ; leaves ovate to lance- olate, 5—10 cm. long, sessile or nearly so, rounded or subcordate at the base, acute at the apex crenate-serrate, softly pubescent on both sides and more or less glandular-granuliferous ; spike inter- rupted, very leafy ; calyx soft-pubescent and glandular, about 9 mm. long ; lobes lance-subulate, spinulose-tipped ; corolla rose- colored or pink, about i 5 mm. long, somewhat puberulent without ; lower lip very broad ; lateral lobes half as broad and three fourths as long as the middle one. This species is related to S. scopulonnn and ^. tencriforniis but differs from both in the larger corolla, the broader lower lip, and the unusually large lateral lobes of the lip. South Dakota : Custer, Black Hills, Aug. 20, i2>g2, Rydberg 120S (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Audibertiella argentea sp. nov. A low shrub ; branches cinereous-puberulent ; leaves petioled, 1-2 cm. long; blades rounded, obovate-spatulate, rounded or retuse at the apex, scurfy-cinereous, at first silvery white ; bracts broadly obovate, about i cm. long, membranous, strongly veined, puberulent and ciliate ; corolla blue, about i cm. long ; lower lip only slightly longer than the upper one, its lobes short and rounded ; longer filaments about 12 mm. long, anther-bearing connective 2.5—3 irim. long, sterile connective lacking. Dr. E. L. Greene* se^dirdXQd Aiulibertia polystachya'Renih.iroxn the rest of the genus, as understood by Bentham and Gray, and proposed the name Rainoua for this species. The other species he reduced to Salvia. Briquet, ignorant of Greene's work, discov- * Pittonia 2 : 235. 684 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora ered (as Greene had done) that Aiidibcrtia could not hold for this genus, as the name had been applied two years earlier to a section of Mentha, proposed the name Aiidibertiella^^ and renamed all the known species under this genus. Later he discovered that Greene had proposed the name Raviona for one of the species. He, however, did not agree with Greene that the genus, with that species excepted, should be merged in Salvia. He therefore restored the genus as understood by Bentham and Gray, adopted Greene's name, and renamed the species under Ranwna. The writer agrees with Greene in keeping Rainona as a distinct genus for Audibcrtia polystacJiya, but agrees with Briquet that none of the species should be merged into Salvia. It is therefore neces- sary to restore Aitdibcrtiella Briq. As this name was a substitute for the invalid Audibcrtia, the type species of the latter becomes the type of the former. The type is therefore Aiidibej'tia i)icana Benth. The type of Rainona was Aiidibertia polystacJiya. Audi- bertia grandiflora may represent a third genus. The present species is a close relative to A. incana and has been confused with it. It differs in the broad rounded obovate- spatulate leaves, the smaller flowers and the comparatively shorter lower lip of the corolla. In A. incana the leaves are oblong-spatu- late, often 3-4 cm. long, the corolla almost 1.5 cm. long, and its lower lip about half longer than the upper one. A. incana ranges from Washington to Idaho and Oregon. The range of A. argentca is much more southerly. Arizona : Mokia Pass, 1877, Palmer j<^§{\.y^Q, in herb. Colum- bia Univ.) ; 1876, Palmer j ^8. Utah: St. George, 1874, Parry ijg ; 1872, Bishop. Nevada: Monitor Valley, 1868, 5. Watson 82g; Kernan, Meadow Valley Wash, April 29, 1902, Goodding djj ; Palisade, June 14, 1882, M. £. /ones 40JJ ; Miller Mountain, 1883, Shockley ; Charleston Mountain, 1898, Pnrpus 6oj2. California: Surprise Canon, Panamint Mountains, Coville & Fitnston 601 ; Panamint Canon, May 4, 1897, M. E.Jones; Provi- dence Mountains, May, 1902, Brandegee ; Mojave Desert, May 30, 1 901, Parish 4^35. * Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 : 73. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora ()85 Hedeoma longiflora sp. nov. Perennial, with a slender taproot ; stems branched at the base, decumbent or ascending, finely puberulent ; leaves spreading, linear- lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong, 1-2 cm. long, grayish-puberulent, subsessile ; calyx 7—8 mm. long, strongly ribbed, puberulent, some- what saccate below ; teeth subulate, the lower 2 mm., the upper i mm. long; corolla about 12 mm. long, puberulent, with an ample limb. This has been confused with Hcdcouia Druminoiidii, but differs in the broader leaves, which are divergent, and in the calyx, which is distinctly saccate. H. Driininiondii differs from the related species in the narrow, ascending or suberect leaves and the narrow calyx, scarcely at all saccate. H. longiflora has the long corolla of H. Dniniinondii and is distinguished thereby from H. saiicta, H. tliymoides, and H. 07!ata, which have all been included in H. Driivi- moiidii. It grows on cliffs and in canons of the Great Plains region. Nebraska: Cliffs of cafions of Banner Co., 1890, Rydberg X 2(^'j (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Court House Rock, 1 8 9 1 , Rydberg 2g 7. South Dakota : Custer, June 16, 1892, Rydberg g^i ; Rapid Creek, 1891, T. A. Williams. Kansas: Wet rocks, Stanton Co., Aug. 5, "1895, Hitchcock 402. Madronella sessilifolia sp. nov. Perennial, with a short caudex ; stems stout, about 3 dm. high, finely puberulent, densely so above ; leaves sessile or nearly so, ovate or lanceolate, entire, obtuse, rather pale, finely puberu- lent or in age glabrous ; bracts oval, 10-12 mm. long, puberulent on the back, ciliate on the margins ; calyx 8—9 mm. long, pilose, striate; lobes lanceolate, about i mm. long; corolla 12-13 mm. long, pubescent. The type was determined as Monardella odoratissiina, but it differs from that species in the pale foliage, the shorter and finer pubescence, the broader leaves, and the less distinctly ciliate calyx- lobes. Utah: St. George, 1877, Palmer jpj (type, in herb. N. Y, Bot. Gard.). 686 Rydbekg : Rocky Mountain flora Madronella oblongifolia sp. nov. Perennial, suffruticose at the base ; stems 1-3 dm. high, gray- ish puberulent or in age glabrate ; leaf-blades oblong, 1-3 cm. long, minutely puberulent, or in age glabrate, entire, obtuse, usually with distinct, but short, slender petioles ; bracts pale or tinged with rose, finely puberulent, ciliate on the margins, oval, 9-12 mm. long; calyx about i cm. long, pilose; its teeth lance- olate, and strongly ciliate ; corolla white to rose-colored, 12-14 mm. long, puberulent. This has been confused with M. odoratissiiiia, but differs in the shorter pubescence, which is sometimes wholly lacking on the older leaves, the merely puberulent instead of pilose bracts, the more distinctly petioled leaves, and more suffruticose habit. It grows on mountain sides at an altitude of 1500-3000 m. Utah : Mount Nebo, 1905, Rydbcrg & Carlton jyod (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.), 7757 and 7700 ; mountains north of Bul- lion Creek, near Marysvale, /z/^* ; American Fork, \'6d>'^, Leonard 178 ; Logan, Aug. 9, 1895, SJicar J164 ; same locality and date, Rydberg ; Alta, July 30, 1879, M. E. Jones nog ; Central Utah, 1873, P'-'^^'U 75- Mentha glabrior (Hook.) Rydb. sp; nov. Mentha canadensis glabrata Benth. Lab. 181. 1833. Not M. glabrata Vahl. 1794. MentJia canadensis glabrior Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: ill. 1838. Mentha canadensis borealis Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, ii : 492, in part. 1906. Not M. borealis Michx. 1803. This differs from Mentha canadensis in the almost glabrous leaves and stem, and much shorter pubescence on the calyx. Recently sev^eral botanists have included M. Penardi {M. arvensis Penardi Briq.) in M. canadensis glabrata or M. arvensis glabrata, but I think they are distinct. In M. Penardi the leaves have much shorter petioles, nearly always shorter than the flower-clusters, the stem is more hairy and the calyx-teeth are lanceolate and acute, much longer than broad. M. glabrior has the abruptly acuminate calyx-lobes of M. canadensis but they are not so short. This species has been taken as M. borealis Michx., and even Ben- tham cited the latter as a synonym, but by reading Michaux's RVDBERG : Ro.CKV MOUNTAIN FLORA 687 description, one can easily see that it without any doubt refers to the true M. canadensis. M. cajiadcusis is not found in the Rock}- Mountain region, and M. glabrior is very rare. The common plant of the Rockies is M. Pcnardi and that of the Pacific slope is M. laiiata, discussed below. Mentha lanata (Piper) Rydb. sp. nov. Mentha arvensis lanata Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 223. 1902. Mentha canadensis lanata Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11 : 492. 1906. I think that this deserves specific rank, differing not only in the amount but also in the kind of pubescence and in the shape of the calyx lobes. Sometimes the leaves are very densely villous, almost white. Its range extends from British Columbia to Idaho and California. The specimens from Maine accredited to this by Robinson and Fernald * probably represent unusually hairy speci- mens of M. canadensis and not this. Mentha occidentalis sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock ; stem 3—6 dm. high, with short crisp pubescence, at least on the angles above ; petioles 5—10 mm. long ; leaf-blades ovate or ovate-lanceolate, short-acuminate, strongly serrate, 4-8 cm. long, minutely pubescent on both sides or in age glabrate ; bracts linear-lanceolate, i cm. long or more, usually exceeding the flowers ; calyx about 3 mm. long, pilose, teeth lanceolate, acute or acuminate, longer than broad ; corolla white or pink, 5—6 mm. long ; its lobes oblong, obtuse. This has been confused with Mentha canadensis and M. gla- brata, but differs from all the species of this group in the long linear-lanceolate bracts, longer than the flower clusters, and the larger corollas. Otherwise it comes nearest M. Penardi. Idaho : Forest, Nez Perces County, 1896. A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller j^86 (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.). Washington: i?>2>g,Vasey ^6j ; Chehalis River, i?>gj, Lamb 1235- Montana: Jocko River, Aug. 27, 1897, FJrod and assistants 213- * Gray's New Manual 711. 1908. 6?;//r.y// Benth. 1846. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 689 I had some correspondence with Professor A. Nelson in 1898, when the latter segregated Peiitstenion siniilis from P. Jamesii. I think that I then led Professor Nelson astray. At least, I had made a rather serious mistake. Professor Nelson made the fol- lowing statement in his article in tiie Bulletin cited above : " Before I began work upon these collections Dr. Rydberg had satisfied himself that his Dakota plant closely duplicated the type of P. Jamesii which is preserved in the Torrey Herbarium at Columbia University, and with which he has done me the favor of comparing my specimens." A more thorough investigation of the South Dakota plant shows that the sterile stamens are but slightly bearded and of a dif- ferent shape and the specimens must be referred to a form oi P. albidns. The type of P. Jamesii consists of two scraps, only the tops of the plant. The bracts, the calyx, and corolla of these scraps resemble closely those of Nelson's plants from Wyoming. The basal leaves of P. Jamesii are, however, entirely different from those of Nelson's plant. At the time, there were no good specimens of P. Jamesii in the herbaria here in New York, but I have myself collected good specimens near the type locality, which was some- where on the upper Arkansas River. These show that P. Jamesii is much closer to P. similis A. Nels., differing in the smaller corolla, the less secund inflorescence, the longer bracts and narrower basal leaves. Typical P. Jamesii is represented by Rydberg & Vrecland jSjy, j6j6, 6610, s^JS and S'^JJ ' ^^so by Baker 6 of 1901 and OsteyJioiit 2084. of 1 900. As the plant described by Professor Nelson at the place cited above is very distinct I adopt the name under which Professor Nelson had distributed the plant, viz., Peiitstemoii aiiricomus, espe- cially as I, at least indirectly, was the cause of its being suppressed. Pentstemon suffrutescens Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28 : 503. 30 S 1901 P. caespitosjis suffniticosus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 270. 1878. P. procumbeiis Greene, PI. Baker. 3: 23. 18 N 1901. Professor A. Nelson, in describing Pentstemon Xj'Iiis,^ expressed his opinion that the latter was the same as P. caespitosiis snffniti- * Bot. Gaz. 34: 31. 1902. 690 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora cosiis A. Gray. A careful reading of the original short description of Gray's variety will reveal to anyone that it cannot apply to P. Xyliis. As P. siiffrutescens was based exclusively on Gray's variety, it can by no means be called a nomen midiiui as Professor Nelson is inclined to regard it. To it I refer also P. procuuibens Greene published nearly two months later. Pentstemon Thompsoniae (A. Gray) Rydb. sp. nov. Pentstcmoii piunihis Tluvnpsouiac A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2' : 269. 1878. This is a very distinct species, not related to P. piiniilns. Dr. Gray at first * placed Pentstemon puniihis with P. albidns, P.Jauiesii, and P. cristatus, i. e., in a group to which it rightly belongs, not- withstanding its small size. Afterwards,! he transferred it wrongly to the P. caespiiosns group, with which it has little in common. P. Thompsoniae on the contrary belongs to this group and is a close relative to P- cacspitosns. I suspect that Dr. Gray has redescribed the true P. piimihis Nutt. under the name P. miser.X I have not seen the type of the latter but the description agrees well with P. piimilns. Pentstemon platyphyllus sp. nov. Pentstemon JieteropJiyllns latifolins S. Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 222. 1 87 1. Not P. /(7/^/c?//;/.f Hoffm gg. 1824. Dr. Gray in the Synoptical Flora § refers this doubtfully to Pentstemon aziirens Jafprayanns Gray {P. Jaffrayanus Hook.). The two resemble each other in leaf form and general habit, but there are differences important enough to make them distinct species. I am also inclined to think that P. Jaffrayanus is specifically distinct from P. azurcits, although I have not seen any authentic specimen of the latter. The leaves in P. Jaffrayanus are strongly glaucous and the upper are subcordate and clasping at the base ; the calyx- lobes are oval or obovate, abruptly short-acuminate or mucronate with an erect tip ; the anthers are somewhat hirsutulous at the sinus as well as papillose-hispidulous oil the margins ; and the sterile * Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 67. 1862. tSyn. Fl. -2} : 269. 1878. J Syn. Fl. ed. 2, 2': 441. 1886. \ 12} : 272. 1878. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 691 stamen is filiform. In P. platyphylhis the leaves are less glaucous, never subcordate or claspingat the base ; the calyx -lobes are ovate, long-acuminate, with more or less spreading tips ; the anthers are merely papillose-hispidulous on the margins but otherwise without pubescence; and the sterile stamen is decidedly broadened upwards. P. platypiiylhis, as far as the writer knows, is found in Utah only, while P. Jaffrayamis grows in California and Oregon. To the former belong the following specimens : Utah: Cottonwood Cafion, July, 1869, 5. Watson 78 j ; City Creek Canon, July 25, 1879,7!/. E. Jones 1080; also July 7, 1880; same locality, July 4, 1883, Leonard i^i, and Aug. 9, 1884, 208 ; mountains near Ogden, July, 1871, Coulter. Pentstemon coccinatus sp. nov. (?) Pentstemon Eatonii nndosus Jones, Proc. Calif Acad. 5 : 715. 1895. Perennial, with a woody caudex ; stem erect, -i-G dm. high, puberulent ; basal leaves petioled ; blades ovate or elliptic, acute at both ends, T^—y cm. long, densely puberulent ; lower stem-leaves spatulate to elliptic ; the upper ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; inflorescence lax, more or less secund ; calyx about 5 mm. long, puberulent ; lobes broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate, scarious- margined and denticulate ; corolla red, about 2.5 cm. long, nearly tubular, not ventricose, slightly bilabiate, lobes short, rounded ; anthers papillose on the margin, glabrous ; sterile stamen gla- brous, club-shaped, truncate ; capsule about i cm. long. This has been confused with P. Eatonii, but differs in the puberulent stem and leaves, the more acuminate upper leaves and sepals. Arizona: Grand Canon of the Colorado, 1898, MaeDougal lyj (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.) ; Oak Creek, June 23, 1883, Rnsby ; Red Cafion Trail, June 10, 1901, Z. /^ Ward. Utah: Court House Wash, May, 1892, Eastzvood ; South Utah, idiyj, Palmer J J2 ; I^JA^, Parry i^g. Synthyris dissecta sp. nov. Synthyris pinnatifida Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card, i: 353. 1900. Not S. Wats. 1 87 1. Acaulescent perennial, with a short, thick, erect rootstock ; leaves 5—10 cm. long, petioled, villous-tomentose ; blades oval in 692 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora outline, twice or thrice pinnatifid into oblong or lanceolate divi- sions ; scape villous-tomentose, 5—20 cm. high ; spike dense or in fruit more lax ; bracts and calyx densely white-villous ; corolla about 6 mm. long, dark-blue or purple, or in age paler ; lobes broadly obovate ; stamens slightly exserted; ovary villous; fruit obovate, 6 mm. long, villous or in age glabrate. This species is related to SyntJiyris pinnatifida, and has been mistaken for it, but it differs in the more copious pubescence, espe- cially on the calyx and ovary (in ^. pinnatifida these are glabrous or merely puberulent on the margins), in the larger dark corolla with obovate instead of oblong lobes, and in the larger fruit. S. dissecta grows at an altitude of 2000-3000 m. Montana: Near Bozeman, June 11, 1900, CJiesnut & Jones igg (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Bridger Mountains, June 15, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4^2"/ ; same locality, 1899, Flaherty, and June 26, 1899, BlankinsJiip ; Old Hollowtop, July 7, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4Q26 ; Beaver Head Co., June, 1888, Tzueedy jo. Wyoming: Headwaters, Cliff Creek, Aug. 9-18, 1900, C. C. Curtis (good fruit). Thalesia Sedi (Suksd.) Rydb. comb. nov. Aphyllon 5i'<:// Suksd. Deuts. Bot. Monats. 18: 155. 1900. The three species of the Columbia River region, which have usually been included in Thalesia unifiora, differ from the plant of the eastern United States in their longer attenuate calyx- lobes. In all three the lobes are about twice as long as the calyx-tube and narrowly subulate from a broad base ; in T. unifiora they are scarcely longer than the tube, lanceolate and gradually tapering from the base of the apex. T. Sedi differs from the other two Columbian species in the lighter-colored corolla, with narrower, oblong acutish or obtuse lobes, while T. pitrpurea Heller and T. iniiinta (see below) have dark purple corolla and broad, oval or semiorbicular lobes rounded at the apex or sometimes even retuse. It grows on species of Sednui and is distributed through parts of Oregon, Washington, and western Montana. Thalesia minuta (Suksd.) Rydb. comb. nov. AphyllonminuttimSnksd. Deuts. Bot. Monats. i8 : 155. 1900. This resembles Thalesia purpurea in the color of the flower Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 693 and the form of the calyx, but the corolla is much smaller, only 15—20 mm. long, more strongly curved, and less funnelform. The corolla of T. piirpiirea is 2-3 cm. long, and more open at the throat. T. i/ii/iiita has been reported parasitic on LitliopJiragina, but may grow on other hosts. It has been collected in Oregon, Washington, Montana, and British Columbia. Thalesia lutea (Parry) Rydb. comb. nov. Phelipaea lutca Parry, Am. Nat. 8 : 214. 1874. Aphyllon fasciailatiun liitcinn A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 312. 1878. This differs from Thalesia fasciculata not only in the sulphur- yellow corolla, but also in the acutish corolla-lobes and in the acute rather than acuminate calyx-lobes. It is parasitic on grasses instead of on composites, etc. Myzorrhiza Phihppi, Linnaea 29: 36. 1857 Aphyllon § Nothaphyllon A. Gray, Bot. Calif, i : 584. 1876. Orodamhe ^ Mysorrhica G. Beck, B'\h\. Bot. 4: 78. 1890. Following Beck von Mannagetta, many botanists in this country have reduced Gray's section Nothaphyllon of Aphyllon to Orobanche, while they have kept Thalesia distinct. Both, as well as a part of Boschniakia, were included in Orobanche by Beck. The editors of Gray's New Manual evidently took the genus Orobanche in the same sense as Beck. In contrasting Cofiopholis and Orobanche in the generic key, they give as charac- ters for the former: "Calyx deeply cleft in front"; and for the latter: "Calyx 5-cleft." On the following page, however, they give as characters of Orobanche minor: "Calyx cleft before and behind almost or quite to the base," and for O. ramosa : "Calyx 4-lobed." 0. minor is the only typical Orobanche found in this country, and this does not agree with the characterization of the genus, as given in the New Manual. Evidently the editors had Gray's genus Aphyllon in mind when the key was made.* * Another inaccuracy in the treatment of Orobanche in the New Manual may be pointed out : Orobanche purpurea and O. ramosa are there characterized as having "each flower with 3 bracts (l large and 2 small) at the base of the calyx," O. minor and O. ludoviciana as having "each flower with I or 2 bracts at the base of the calyx," and O. unijlora and O. fasciculata as being " without bracts." The characters 694 Rydberg : Rocky Mountai'n flora The typical Orobanche has the calyx characteristic of, for instance, Castilleja in Scrophulariaceae, /. e., the calyx is deeply cleft in front and behind, with the lateral divisions entire or 2-cleft. None of our native American plants has this structure. They have all (except those included in Boscliniakia by Gray) an almost equally 5 -toothed calyx. There is a group of Old World plants, of which OrobancJic purpurea ^nd 0. rauiosn are introduced into this country, which have a 4-toothed or only occasionally 5 -toothed calyx, but in that case the upper tooth is much smaller. In Gray's New Manual the former is described as having a " 5-lobed " calyx. This is only occasionally the case. These species constitute the genus Kopsia Dum. or PJuiipaea Nees (not Desf.). The writer thinks that the five sections of Beck's monograph should be re- garded as genera. MyzorrJiiza Philippi is the only available name for Aphyllon § NotJiaphyllon Gray. This genus differs from TJialcsia in habit and in the arrangement of the placentae, from Crobanclie in the regularly 5-toothed instead of 2-cleft calyx, and from both in the presence of bractlets. The type oi th^ genus is Myzorrhiza CHiLENSis Philippi, Linnaea 29: 36. 1857 Orobanche chilensis G. Beck, Bibl. Bot. 4 : 82. 1890. This is closely related to our most common North American species : Myzorrhiza ludoviciana (Nutt.) Rydb.; Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 1093. 1903 Orobanclic ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2 : 58. 1818. PJielipaea ludoviciana Walp. Rep. 3 : 46 1 . 1 844 . Aphyllon ludovicianuui A. Gray, Bot. Calif, i : 585. 1876. '^Aphyllon arenosuni Suksd. AUg. Bot. Zeits. 12: 27. 1906. given for the two first are correct ; there are three scales under the flower, one bract and two lateral bractlets ; Orobanche minor has one bract and no bractlets, while O. ludoviciana has 1 or 2 bractlets under the flower. It has exactly the same arrangement as O. purpurea and O. rainosa, except that one of the bractlets is sometimes lacking and the bract is usually some distance below the calyx. Orobanche uniflora and O. fasciculata are not without bracts. They are without bractlets, but the bract is found at the base of the longer pedicel. They are like 0. minor (a typical Orobanche) in hav- ing no bractlets, but differ in the 5-toothed instead of 2-cleft calyx. O. ludoviciana has bractlets and should have been associated with the two first species, if the presence or absence of bractlets was taken as the dividing character. In all the species the bracts are present although situated at different distances from the calyx, depending upon the length of the pedicels. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 695 Myzorrhiza MULTiFLORA (Nutt.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33 : 151. 1906 Orobanche imiltiflora Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. II. i : 179. 1848. Phelipaca crianthcra Engelm.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7 : 372. 1867. Apliyllon innUifloniiii A. Gray, Bot. Calif, i : 585. 1876. Myzorrhiza Cooperi (A. Gray) Rydb. comb. nov. Apliyllon Cooperi K. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20 : 307. 1885. OrobancJie bidoviciana Cooperi G. Beck, Bibl. Bot. 4:81. 1890. Myzorrhiza tuberosa (A. Gray) Rydb. comb. nov. Phelipaea tuberosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 371. 1867. Aphylloii tuberosum A. Gray, Bot. Calif, i : 585. 1876. Orobanche bulbosa G. Beck, Bibl. Bot. 4 : '^i. 1890. Myzorrhiza pinorum (Geyer) Rydb. comb. nov. OrobancJie pinorum Geyer ; Hook. Kew Jour. Bot. 3 : 297. 1851. Phelipaea pinetorwn A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7 : 371. 1867. Apliyllon pinetoruui A. Gray, Bot. Calif, i : 585. 1876. Myzorrhiza Grayana (G. Beck) Rydb. comb. nov. Orobanche comosa Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 2: 92. 1838. Not 0. comosa Wallroth. 1822. Anoplanthus comosus Walp. Rep. 3 : 480. 1 844. Phelipaea comosa A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4:118. 1857. Apliyllon comosinn A. Gray, Bot. Calif i : 584. 1876. Phelipaea carnosa [error] T. & G. ; Coop. & Suckl. Nat. Hist. Wash. 50. 1859. Orobanche Grayana G. Beck, Bibl. Bot. 4 : 79. 1890. Myzorrhiza californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Rydb. comb. nov. Orobanche californica Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 134. 1828. Phelipaea californica G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 632. 1838. Apliyllon calif ornicnm A. Gray, Bot. Calif, i : 584. 1876. Myzorrhiza violacea (Eastw.) Rydb. comb. nov. Apliyllon violaceum Eastw. Zoe 5 : 85. 1900. 696 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Myzorrhiza xanthochroa (Nels. & Cockerell) Rydb. comb. nov. Oi'obancJie xanthochroa Nels. & Cockerell, Bot. Gaz. 37 : 278. 1904- Myzorrhiza corymbosa sp. nov. Stem 5—10 cm. high, corymbosely branched, glandular-puber- ulent ; scales about I cm. long, lance-ovate, acute; bracts linear, about I cm. long; pedicels 5— 10 mm. long; bractlets linear-subu- late, half as long as the calyx; calyx-tube obconic, glandular- puberulent, 4 mm. long ; lobes lance-subulate, about i cm. long ; corolla dark purple, about 2.5 cm. long, tube 4-5 mm. wide; upper lip 7-8 mm. long, cleft about one third its length into ovate, obtuse or sometimes retuse lobes ; lower lip cleft to the base into three lanceolate acutish divisions ; anthers woolly. This species has been confused with M. californica and M. hidoviciaiia, but is evidently most nearly related to M. Grayana {Oj-obanche comosa Hook.). In Hooker's Flora, the latter is de- scribed and figured as having emarginate corolla lobes. I doubt if that is a constant character. There is a fragment of Hooker's type in the Torrey herbarium ; some of the lobes are evidently so, but in others this character is rather obscure. Good specimens, collected by Dr. Cooper on the Stevens' Expedition and also pre- served in the Torrey herbarium, and a colored drawing, made for the report of the Wilkes' Expedition but never published, illus- trate a plant with the lobes of the lower lip lanceolate, acute and entire at the apex. These and the specimen received from Hooker agree otherwise wholly in habit, size, structure, and color of the corolla. Whether the notching of the lower lobes is a specific character or not, may be decided by further field study. It is evident that the specimens cited here below are distinct enough from both. Hooker's and Cooper's plants have a corolla fully 3 cm. long, light purple and of a thinner texture, the lips are 12-15 mm. long,/, e., about twice as long as in the plant here described, the upper lip is cleft to about the middle and the lobes of the lower lip are relatively narrower. The corolla of M. corymbosa resembles more in form, size, texture, and color that of M. hidoviciana, although the upper lip is less deeply 2-cleft. Occasionally one finds stunted specimens of M. hidoviciana, which in habit resem- ble this, but they can easily be recognized by the shorter calyx- Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 697 lobes and the glabrous anthers. The type of M. corymhosa was labeled Aphylloii calif oniiciun, but M. calif ornica is a much larger plant in every respect, and its anthers are glabrous or nearly so. Idaho: Reynold's Creek, July 2, 1892, Isabel Mulford {iype, in herb. Columbia Univ.). Wyoming: Jackson's Hole, July 30, igoi, Merrill & Wilcox 1177. Montana : Mountains near Indian Creek, July 22, 1897, Ryd- berg & Bessey zfg88. Valeriana pubicarpa sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock ; stem 2-4 dm. high, finely puber- ulent, not bearded at the nodes ; basal leaves spatulate or oblan- ceolate, 2-6 cm. long, thin, glabrous or nearly so ; stem-leaves 2-4 pairs, the lowest pair similar to the basal ones, the rest 3—5— foliolate or the uppermost minute and simple ; leaflets oblong or lanceolate, rarely elliptic, 2-5 cm. long, entire ; inflorescence short and dense, corymbiform or subcapitate ; flowers mostly perfect ; corolla funnelform, 4-6 mm. long, more or less pubescent ; limb about 4 mm. wide ; fruit finely pilose, 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. This species has the habit of Valeriana occidentalis and V. micrantha, hn\.i\\e corolla of V. Seonleri. From the first, it differs m the longer corolla and the pubescent fruit ; from the second, in a corolla twice as long and a denser inflorescence ; from the last, in the narrower entire leaflets, and the pubescent fruit ; and from all in the puberulent stem, which lacks the beard at the nodes and on the sheaths. It grows in the mountains at an altitude of 2,000-3,000 m. Utah: Mount Nebo, Aug. 15, 1905, Rydberg d: Carlton JJIJ (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; also Big Cottonwood Cafion, June 28, ^J/^ and 6^17 : Provo, June 16, 1902, Gooddi)ig 1148. Idaho : Ketchum, July 23, 1892, Miss Midford. Montana: Lima, June 29, 1895, Rydberg 27^4; also C. L. Shear jj8g. Valeriana puberulenta sp. nov. Perennial, with a thick rootstock ; stem finely puberulent, not bearded at the nodes, 1.5-3 dm. high ; basal leaves spatulate, 2-5 cm. long ; stem-leaves 1-3 pairs, usually 3-foliolate ; terminal 698 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora leaflet elliptic or oblong, or in the uppermost reduced pair lanceo- late, 1—3 cm. long, the lateral ones oblong or lanceolate, about half as long ; plant usually polygamo-dioecious ; inflorescence of the essentially pistillate plant dense-corymbiform, that of the some- what smaller essentially staminate plant subcapitate ; corolla fun- nelform, 4-5 mm. long; limb 2.5-3 ^^- wide; fruit glabrous, nearly 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide. This species has the pubescence of the preceding, but differs in the smaller stature, the smaller flowers, fewer and smaller leaves, glabrous fruit and a stronger tendency to be polygamo-dioecious. It grows in the mountains of Utah, at an altitude of 2,000-3,000 m. Utah : Mountains north of Bullion Creek, near Marysvale, July 23, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton J 065 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); also Big Cottonwood Canon, June 28, 6^go, 6jyi, and 6jj2 ; Mount Barette, July 26, /'2j8 ; near Alta, July 10, 1883, Leonard IJJ ; Central Utah, 1875, Parry j6 ; Wahsatch Moun- tains, Aug., 1869, 6". Watson 4.88, in part. Correction Mertensia cana Rydb. nom. nov. Mcrtensia canescens Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 640. 1904. Not Mertensia canescens Kaulf 1824. Professor T. D. A. Cockerell has called my attention to the fact that my Mertensia canescens is antedated by M. canescens Kaulf., a fern. New York Botanical Garden. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 131 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XXI By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1910 Reprinted, without change of pagin?, from tbeBuLLEXiN of the Toreky Botanical Club 37: 127-148. ;^1 Mr 1910 [From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 37: 127-148. 1910 ] Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XXI Pkr Axki, RvniiERc Ambrosia media sp. nov. Annual ; stem 4-6 dm. high, hispid with ascending or ap- pressed short hairs, more or less strigose, branched ; leaves pin- nately divided, thick, 5—10 cm. long, scabrous and glandular- granuliferous above, hispid-strigiilose beneath, all except the uppermost with shorter or longer, hirsute-ciliate, narrowly winged petioles ; divisions oblong or lanceolate, usually more or less cleft or toothed, the lobes or teeth lanceolate, acute; staminate racemes rather dense ; involucre nodding, slightly lobed with 5 rounded lobes and crenulate, 4-5 mm. in diameter, hispid-strigose ; hairs about 0.5 mm. long, with more or less pustulate bases; receptacle with few narrow lance-subulate scales ; fruit obovoid ; body about 3 mm. long, puberulent or in age glabrate, with 5-7 sharp spines 0.5 mm. long and strongly directed forward ; beak about i mm. long, pubescent. In the form and texture of the foliage, this species resembles A. coronopifolia T. & G. {^A. psilostachya of most authors) as closely as to make it almost impossible to distinguish the two by the leaves alone, the only difference being that the leaves of A. media are more inclined to be petioled and the petioles distinctly hispid- ciliate. Otherwise, the plant is more closely related to A. clatior and A. artemisiifolia, the root being annual and the fruit spiny. A. coronopifolia has a larger fruit, which is inclined to be round- elliptic instead of obovoid, is- more pubescent, without spines, either perfectly smooth or rarely with small rounded tubercles. Colorado : Fort Collins, Aug. 27, 1885, C. S. Cra//da// (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). New Mexico: Pecos, San Miguel County, Aug. 20, 1898, Siand/ey jijS ; Kingston, 1904, Metcalfe ijjy (?). CoAHUiLA : Saltillo 1898, Palmer 2gj. Montana: Sand Coulee, Sept. 7, 1885, R. S. Williavis. Nebraska: Chadron, Oct. 9, 1897, /. M. Bates yo6 (plants predominantly pistillate). 128 Rvdi5p:rg : Rockv Mountain flora Grindelia integerriraa sp. nov. Perennial, with a cespitose base ; stems about 3 dm. high, glabrous, somewhat angled by the decurrent lines ; leaves nar- rowly oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, acute, strongly resinous-dotted, entire ; heads numerous, corymbose ; involucre about 7 mm. high and I cm. wide ; bracts lanceolate, with very short, terete, squar- rose tips ; ligules 6—7 mm. long ; pappus-bristles slightly flat- tened, curved and twisted, 3 mm. long, about the length of the achenes. This somewhat resembles Grindelia nana in general habit but differs in the broader bracts with much shorter tips and the strongly curved and twisted pappus-bristles. Idaho : Sandy soil near Granite Station, Kootenai County, July 29, 1892, SandluTg, MacDougal, & Heller yS^ (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Grindelia columbiana (Piper) Rydb. comb. nov. Grindelia discoidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 315. 1840. Not G. diseoidea H. & A. 1836. Grindelia nana diseoidea A. Gray, Syn. ¥\. i^ : i 19. 1884. Grindelia na}ia eolumbiana Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, ii : 556. 1906. Chrysopsis angustifolia sp. nov. Chrysopsis stenopJiylla Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 3: 327. 1898. Not C. stenopliylla (A. Gray) Greene. 1884. Perennial, with a cespitose caudex ; stems erect, 2-4 dm. high, canescent and more or less hirsute ; leaves narrowly linear-oblance- olate, the lower short-petioled, the upper sessile, 2—5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, acute, grayish-strigose on both sides, somewhat hispid- ciliate on the lower portion ; involucres turbinate-campanulate, 8-10 mm. high and about as broad ; bracts narrow and linear, acute, grayish-strigose ; rays about i cm. long ; achenes canescent ; outer pappus of short bristles ; inner pappus-bristles tawny. This is intermediate between Chrysopsis foliosa and C. steno- pliylla. It resembles the latter in leaf-form but differs in being more canescent, less hispid, not at all viscid, and in the bracts, which are narrower, and strigose-canescent instead of hispid and viscid-puberulent. From C. foliosa it differs in the narrower, spreading leaves, the more distinctly peduncled heads, and less white pubescence. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 129 Nebraska : Middle Loup River, near Mullen, Hooker County, Sept. 14, 1893, P. A. Rydberg ij66 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Columbia Univ.); Long Pine, Sept. 14, 1890, J. M. Bates ; Deuel County, Aug. 24, 1891, Rydberg i^g. Kansas: Kiowa County, Sept. 4, 1898, L. F. Ward. Alberta: Vicinity of Banff", Aug. 14, 1899, McCalla 20J2, in part. Chrysopsis Butleri sp. nov. Perennial; stem decumbent at the base or erect, grayish- hispidulous and slightly hirsute ; leaves 1—3 cm. long, the lower obovate, the upper oblong or elliptic, obtuse or apiculate, often spreading, sessile, grayish-hirsute with short hairs ; heads pedun- cled but usually subtended by an oblong small leaf; involucres 8 mm. high, 10-15 mm. broad; bracts linear, acute, hirsutulous, but not at all glandular or viscid ; ligules about 8 mm. long ; achenes silky-strigose ; pappus tawny, the outer of minute bristles. This species is characterized by the small, obovate or elliptic, subsessile leaves, which are often spreading and with short spread- ing pubescence. Nearly all the species of the Chrysopsis villosa group, with spreading pubescence, are more or less viscid or glandular, but this is not at all the case with C. Butleri. In leaf- form it resembles C. villosa, but both leaves and heads are smaller and the pubescence is different. In C. villosa the hairs are at least in the young state appressed. Montana: Gateway, Aug. 17, 1908, B. T. Butler 620 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Mid\ale, Sept. 3, 1901, Uiiibach j6^ ; Wild Horse Island, Aug. 13, 1908, Butler 480, ^81, 4.8 j, ^gi. Wyoming : Near Fort Laramie, 1842, Fremont ^82. Utah: City Creek Caiion, 1875, 31. E. Jones ; same locality, Oct. 7, 1905, Garrett lyoj. Chrysopsis grandis sp. nov. Perennial, with a cespitose caudex ; stems about 3 dm. high, leafy, long-hirsute, hispidulous and resinous-granuliferous ; leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, the lower petioled, the upper sessile, hirsute or hispid and conspicuously resinous-granu- liferous, apiculate ; heads corymbose, short-peduncled, rarely sub- tended by a small leaf; involucres 8 mm. high, 12-18 mm. broad; bracts densely hirsute, only slightly granuliferous ; rays golden yellow, about i cm. long ; achenes strigose ; pappus yellowish tawny, the outer of short bristles. 130 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora This species is related to CJirysopsis liispida and C. coliimhiaiia, but differs from both in the larger heads ; it differs also from the former in the more copious pubescence and the more decidedly oblanceolate and petioled leaves ; from the latter in the longer pubescence, the more copious resinous granules and the more decidedly petioled leaves. Montana: Jocko Creek, June i6, 1901, MacDoiigal ^75 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; also 26^. Chrysopsis barbata sp. nov. Perennial ; stems about 3 dm. high, more or less tinged with purplish or red, hirsute with long white hairs and somewhat puber- ulent; leaves sessile, lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, the upper acuminate, long-hirsute and somewhat resinous-granuliferous ; heads subses- sile ; involucres i cm. high and 12-15 "im. broad; bracts linear, acute, sparingly long-hirsute and resinous-granuliferous ; ligules about 7 mm. long, golden yellow ; achenes strigose ; pappus brownish tawny, the outer squamulate, 1-1.5 mm. long. This species is related to Chrysopsis liispida but differs in the long, dense pubescence, a much less abundance of resinous gran- ules, larger leaves and heads, and more conspicuous outer pappus. It grows on sandy plains. Idaho : Valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County, July 17, 1893, Saiidbcrg, MacDoiigal, & Heller 664. (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Chrysothamnus attenuatus (Jones) Rydb. sp. nov. Bigelovia Hozvardi attcniiata Jones, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. II. 5: 691. 1895. Chrysothavimis affinis attoiuaUts A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 28 : 374. 1899. Chrysothamnus salicifolius sp. nov. A shrub 3-10 dm. high ; branches erect, white or gray, finely pannose-tomentulose ; leaves linear, 3-nerved, 4-6 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, minutely tomentulose ; heads in a dense corymbiform cyme; involucres 7-8 mm. long; bracts elliptic, oval or ovate, the outer acutish, the inner obtuse or rounded at the apex, erose- ciliate, the outer slightly tomentose, the inner glabrous ; corollas about I cm. long; teeth 1.5-2 mm. long, lanceolate, obtusish ; achenes coarsely strigose, angled. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 131 This species resembles CJirysothamnns graveolens in habit, but the leaves are broader, more tomentulose ; the bracts are slightly tomentulose, erose-ciliate, and broader than in that species. Ward's specimens were determined by Dr. Gray as Bigelovia graveolens latisqnaniea and included therein in the Synoptical Flora ; but it is wholly distinct therefrom. The true C. latisquaviea (A. Gray) Greene has very white filiform -re volute leaves and the bracts more rounded at the apex. Utah : Strawberry Valley, Sept. 3, 1883, F. E^Leojiard 288 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Twelve-mile-Creek, Aug. 29, 1875, L. F. Ward 6s p. Chrysothamnus stenolepis sp. nov. Low shrub, 2-3 dm. high, somewhat spinescent ; branches short, erect, glabrous or finely puberulent above ; leaves narrowly lance-linear, 1—2 cm. long, 2—4 mm. wide, glabrous, scabrous- ciliate on the margins, convolute and somewhat twisted ; inflores- cence corymbiform, of few heads; involucres about 8 mm. long; bracts 4-ranked in 3 series, narrowly lanceolate, or the inner linear, acute, glabrous, keeled, somewhat viscid ; corollas scarcely ex- ceeding the involucre ; lobes lanceolate, 2 mm. long ; achenes hirsute-strigose. This species is related to CJirysotJiamnus viscidiflonis and C. glaiiciis, but differs from both in the very narrow acute bracts. Montana: Pass Creek, near Bridger Pass, H. Engelmann (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.). Utah : Saleratus River, Aug. 1889, C. K. Dodge. Chrysothamnus marianus sp. nov. Undershrub, 1-2 dm. high, with a woody thick caudex ; branches erect, at first green, soon straw-colored or white, densely and finely puberulent ; leaves linear or the lower linear-oblanceo- late, acute, thick, densely puberulent, 1—2 cm. long, 1-15 mm. wide, I -nerved, somewhat twisted ; heads narrow, in small, corym- biform-cymose panicles, involucres about 5 mm. high ; bracts yellowish, glutinous, erose-ciliate on the margins, 4-ranked and in about 3 series, the outer ovate, acutish, the inner spatulate-oblong, rounded at the apex ; achenes sparingly strigose ; corollas scarcely exceeding the involucres. This species has many characters of CJirysotlianiims puberidus, 132 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora but differs in the more yellowish-green herbage, the whiter stems, the narrower, more erect, thick, i -nerved instead of 3 -nerved leaves, the finer pubescence, and the involucres, which are narrower and with different bracts. In C. piibcmlns \\\& inner bracts are linear or linear-lanceolate and acute. The young achenes are only slightly strigose, in which respect it approaches C. Bakcriz.x\^ C. Vaseyi. Utah : Along Sevier River, below Marysvale, July 20, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 6ppj (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; also 6p8j; Mount Barette, July 26, 22jj. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7 : 32. 1834 Solidago Toliideana A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i' : 151. 1884. Dr. Gray in the original publication of S. Tobiiicaiia adds the following note : " Has been taken for a form of 5". missojtriensis var. montana;'' but he overlooked the fact that it was identi- cal with the original .S". nnssonriensis. He might have been led astray by Nuttall himself, who later included in S. unssonriensis the common plant of the upper Missouri Basin with recurved secund branches. That the latter is not the original 5". missouriensis may be seen from Nuttall's diagnosis, of which I here give a copy : "55 Solidago * vnssonriciisis. Pumila, glabra, racemis erectis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, inciso-subserrulatis, superioribus integris, panicula brevi laxa, floribus majusculis." " Stem slender, smooth, leafy, about a foot or so high. Leaves scabrous at the margin. Panicle about three inches long, the branches slender, the flowers pedicellate, and brought together in a somewhat rhomboidal raceme. Rays as long as the calyx." This agrees with 5. Tolmicaua but not with the plant de- scribed by Gray as wS. missouriensis. The original Solidago vnssoiiriensis was collected by Wyeth on the upper branches of the Missouri. There is a specimen of this collection in the Torrey Herbarium which agrees with the description and this matches very well the type of S. Tolmieana in the Gray Herbarium. The plant described by Gray as ^. vns- soiiriensis is characterized by its flat-topped or round-topped in- florescence with recurved-spreading, secund branches, in variance with Nuttall's characterization: "racemis erectis,'' and "the flow- Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 133 ers pedicellate, and drought together in a somewhat rhomboidal raceme." The synonymy of Gray's plant is as follows : SoLiDAGO GLABERRiMA Martens, Bull. Acad. Brux. 8: 68. 1841 Solidago missoiiriensis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 327, in part. 1840. Not vS. missouriensis Nutt. 1834. Solidago missoimensis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i^ : 155. 1884. Solidago serotina Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i: 97. 1835. Not .S. scrotina Ait. 1789. Solidago glaucophylla sp. nov. Perennial, with a branching rootstock ; stems slender, pale, gla- brous up to the sparingly pubescent inflorescence ; leaves glabrous, glaucous, minutely ciliolate on the margins, rather thick, linear- oblanceolate or the upper linear, triple-nerved, 6—10 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, entire, acute ; inflorescence a round-topped panicle, the branches somewhat recurved-spreading and somewhat secund ; heads about 5 mm. high ; bracts oblong, obtuse, or the outer lance-oblong, acutish ; rays short, 2—2.5 mm. long, 0.7-0.8 mm. wide ; achenes slightly strigose-hirsute. This species is related to Solidago missouriensis and vS. glaber- rima, but differs from both in the narrow, entire, glaucous leaves and the thicker, oblong and obtuse instead of linear-lanceolate and acute bracts. The type grew on dry plains at an altitude of 1000 m. Montana : Dry plains near Kalispel, Flathead Valley, July 25, 1 90 1, AlacDougal ySo (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Wyoming: Buffalo, July 25, 1896,- A. Nelson 2^01 (?, similar but with narrower inflorescence). Solidago nivea sp. nov. Perennial, with a woody cespitose rootstock and short caudex; stems 1—2 dm. high, decumbent at the base, canescent-puberulent; basal leaves 2—4 cm. long, short-petioled ; blades obovate-spatu- late, rounded at the apex, entire or nearly so ; stem-leaves oblanceolate, sessile, the upper acutish ; all leaves thick, densely canescent-puberulent, almost velvety and almost white ; inflores- cence a flat-topped corymbiform panicle ; heads slightly nodding at first, but not secund on the branches, about 6 mm. high ; 134 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora bracts yellowish with a greenish midrib, lanceolate and acute ; achenes hirsute-strigose ; ligules 3 mm. long and nearly i mm. wide. This is closely related to Solidago nana, but differs in the narrower, lanceolate, and acute bracts. Its pubescence is usually also denser and whiter. Piatt's specimens were labeled 6". niis- souriensis v. inontana Gray, to which it has no relationship, only resembling it a little in habit and in the narrow bracts. Montana: Lima, Aug., 1905, Rydbevg 280^ (type, in herb. N. Y, Bot. Gard.); Hot Sulphur Springs, July 24, 1871, IV. B. Piatt. Solidago Garrettii sp. nov. Perennial, with a creeping rootstock ; stem 2—3 dm. high, sparingly puberulent or glabrous ; leaves obovate-spatulate or the upper oval, entire or the lower toothed towards the apex, rather thin, triple-nerved, minutely and sparingly scabrous-puberulent or nearly glabrate, scabrous-ciliolate on the margins, 3—6 cm. long ; inflorescence more or less leafy, with a {cw secund branches ; heads 5-6 mm. high ; bracts lanceolate, acute, yellowish ; ligules 2 mm. long and fully 0.5 mm. wide, golden yellow; achenes sparingly hirsute. This species is related to Solidago mollis, S. radidina, and .S". Radula. It differs from the first in the thinner, green, more decid- edly obovate, and sparingly pubescent leaves, and the open, few- branched panicle ; from 5. radtUina in the larger, thinner leaves, the open and more leafy inflorescence, and the acute instead of obtuse bracts ; and from 6". Radula in the thin, broad leaves, large, ample upper stem-leaves, the small inflorescence, and acute bracts. Utah : Big Cottonwood Cafion, Aug. 28, 1906, A. 0. Garrett 20^1 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; same locality and col- lector, Aug. 14, 1905, 1608, and Aug. 5, 1905, ijSj. Wyoming: Headwaters of Cliff Creek, Aug. 9-18, 1900, C. C. Curtis. Aster Richardsonii Sprengel, Syst. 3: 528. 1826 Aster montanus Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. 749. 1823. Not A. montanus Nuttall. 18 18. Aster salsuginosus Less. Linnaea 6: 124. 183 i. Not A. salsu- ginosus Richards. 182^. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 135 Aster Ricliardsonii, var. gigantea Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2 : 7. 1834. Aster sibiricKS gigaiiteus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. I^ : 177. 1884. Aster giganteits Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 184. 1901. In describing Aster mcritiis,'^ Professor Aven Nelson evidently was correct in referring the name A. RicJiardsonii Spreng. to the subarctic species, characterized by the densely villous peduncles and involucres, which the writer has named A. giganteus. Rich- ardson collected both, as shown by specimens in the Columbia University herbarium, and evidently included both under the name A. montanus, but his description applies only to the plant which Hooker afterwards named and described as A. Ricliardsonii, var. gigantea. There are, however, two points in Professor Nelson's discussion which are a little erroneous, ambiguous, and unclear, wherefore I add the following. Professor Nelson has made the following remarks : "It is equally clear that A. RicJiardsonii is the name given to the A. inontanus Nutt." If this was true, A. RicJiardsonii should be a synonym ofy^. sericeus inontanus of the Southern States, and I re- ceived that impression when I read Professor Nelson's discussion. Evidently this was not Professor Nelson's intention. He evidently meant A. viontanus Richardson. From Professor Nelson's discussion, one also gets the impres- sion that A. meritus Nels. is not found in the subarctic regions, and is a plant of the Rocky Mountains only, but this is not the fact. The specimens regarded as A. RicJiardsonii by Hooker and cited in his Flora, as collected in the " barren country from lat. 64° to the Arctic Seas" belong to A. vicritus. Two of Richard- son's specimens are in the herbarium of Columbia University. These cannot be distinguished from Nelson's nos. 2jj^ and 66 10 cited under A. meritus. As said before, Richardson collected both plants. Hooker was the first one to distinguish them and made one the species, the other the variety of A. RicJiardsonii Spreng., as A. niontanus Rich- ardson was not available on account of the older A. niontanus Nutt., A. RicJiardsonii Spreng. being only a substitute for the former. Under ordinary circumstances, we should have followed Hooker's interpretation and used A. RicJiardsonii for the short-pubescent * Bot. Gaz. 37 : 268. 1904. 136 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora plant. The writer made such a ruHng in 1901, when he raised A. Ricliardsonii, var. gigantea to specific rank. But it is evident from Richardson's description that his A. iiiontamis characterized rather the more villous-tomentose plant. Not only was Sprengel's A. Ricliardsonii based upon A. montaims Richardson, but his description also characterizes Hooker's var. gigantea. The synonymy of the more southern plant is as follows : Aster meritus A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 37: 269. 1904 Aster niontaiius Richardson, App. Frankl. Journ. 32, in part (?). 1823. Aster Ricliardsonii Hook, Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 7. 1834. Not A. Ricliardsonii Spreng. 1826. Aster sibiricns A. Gray, Syn. Fl. I": 176. 1884. Not A. sibiriciis L- 1753- Aster Williamsii sp. nov. Perennial, with cespitose rootstock ; stems erect, about 3 dm. high, more or less villous ; leaves oblanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, the lower petioled, the upper sessile, finely villous on both sides ; heads few in a corymbiform inflorescence; involucres 8 mm. high, I cm. broad ; bracts linear or lance-linear, acute, sparingly and finely villous on the back, slightly scarious-margined below, im- bricate in 3 series ; rays lilac, about i cm. long ; achenes spar- ingly and finely pilose ; pappus tawny. This species is somewhat intermediate between Aster andinns and A. nicritiis. From the former it differs in the taller and more slender, erect stem, the finely villous leaves, the shorter, more numerous and more pubescent involucral bracts ; and from the latter in the narrower leaves, which are always entire, in the com- paratively higher involucre, and the narrower bracts. Wyoming : Dry hills. North Fork of Clear Creek, Big Horn Mountains, Aug. 12, 1898, T. A. Williams (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; eastern slope of Big Horn Mountains, headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, July 20— Aug. 15, 1900, Tzueedj jog6A. Aster Macounii sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock ; stem 3—6 dm. high, sparingly hispid-strigose, purple-tinged ; leaves thick, oblanceolate or lance- olate, 2-8 cm. long, hispidulous-ciliate, otherwise glabrous; in- Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 137 florescence corymbiform ; heads solitary on branches with lance- olate bract-like leaves; involucre 8-IO mm. high, 12-15 ^^■ broad ; bracts oblanceolate, squarrose, acute and spinulose-tipped, pubescent on the back and ciliate on the margins ; rays 7-8 mm. long, rose-colored ; achenes strigose, pappus pinkish tawny. This species combines the characters of two different groups of asters. It has the habit, leaves, middle-sized heads, pappus, and pubescence of the bracts of Aster Nclsonii, A. griseus, and their allies, but has the spinulose- or callus-tipped bracts and upper leaves of A. imiltifloms, A comifiutains, etc. Canada : Old Wives Lake, Northwest Territory [Keewatin] , July, id>2>0, John Macoiin (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.). Aster Lindleyanus T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2: 122. 1841 Aster piDiiculatus, var. o Lindl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2 : 8. 1834. Dr. Gray in his Synoptical Flora* stated : "The original of this species was raised by Gordon from Labrador seeds and has more extended inflorescence of smaller heads than is common in the wild plant." Dr. Gray evidently referred to Aster panicitlatiis Ait. ; t however, A. Lindleyanus was not based on A. panicnlattts Ait., but principally on A. panienlatns, var. 0 of Lindley in Hooker's Flora, although A. panicjilatns of the same work was partly in- cluded. The var. o was collected by Richardson near Slave Lake. Whether this plant is the same as A. panienlatns Ait. is very doubtful. Aster Lindley anns\\2iS, been reported from many stations in eastern North America as far south as Ohio, but the eastern plant differs somewhat from that of the Mackenzie basin and the northern Rockies in thinner more decidedly cordate basal leaves, and in its bracts with more conspicuous green tips. As these differences are hardly specific it is best to leave the eastern plant in A. Lindleyanus. In the northern Rockies and the Saskatchewan region there are found plants which have been referred to A. Lindleyanus but which the writer thinks are distinct. They can be distinguished as follows : Basal leaf-blades cordate or broadly ovate ; upper stem-leaves lance- olate ; achenes glabrous. Petioles, midribs, and usually also the stem pubescent with long white hairs A. Wilsonii. *i2: 182. 1884. t Hort. Kew. 3: 207. 17S9. 138 Ryuberg : Rocky Mountain flora Plant glabrous or sparingly short-pubescent A. Lindleyanus. Basal leaf-blades lanceolate ; upper stem-leaves narrowly lanceolate or those of the inflorescence lance-linear. Heads few ; involucres 8-9 mm. high ; rays about 15 mm. long ; achenes glabrous A. MacCallae. Heads numerous ; involucres 5-6 mm. high ; rays 8-I0 mm. long; achenes hispidulous-strigose A. Butleri. Aster Wilsonii .sp. nov. Aster Lindlcy amis /9 T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2 : 122. 1841. Perennial, with a horizontal root.stock ; stem 3-6 dm. high often purplish, more or less pubescent with long white, curved, somewhat deciduous hairs ; basal leaves petioled ; petioles 5-10 cm. long, densely white-ciliate, together with the midrib ; blades ovate or subcordate, 5—10 cm. long, usually more or less hirsute on both sides, but in age glabrate, serrate, acuminate at the apex ; the lower stem-leaves similar ; the upper lanceolate, sessile, sub- entire or those of the paniculate inflorescence narrowly lanceolate ; involucre 7-8 mm. high, scarcely i cm. wide ; bracts subulate, at- tenuate, with a green midrib which widens somewhat above the middle; rays 8-10 mm. long, bluish purple; pappus tawny; achenes glabrous. This species is related to Aster Lindleyanus and may grade into it, but the typical specimens are very distinct, characterized by the long white hairs on the petioles, midribs, and often the stem, by the narrower upper leaves, the smaller heads, and the more ascend- ing branches. British Columbia: Armstrong, 1904,^1. Wilson ^ig (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; also .///, ^16, and jpj. Alberta: Grattan Creek, Aug. 16, \go6, Macon n & Herriot 77oyj; also Edmonton, Aug. 26, 1906, jyoy/j.. Western Ontario: Fort Williams, Sept. 7, 1889, Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton and Miss Millie Tininiernia)i. Mackenzie: Fort Resolution and Mackenzie River, 186 1-2, R. Kcnnicott. Aster MacCallae sp. nov. (1) Aster praecox Lindl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 9. 1834. Not A. praecox Willd. 1 8 1 3. Perennial, with a horizontal rootstock ; stems 3-6 dm. high, often .purplish, glabrous up to the inflorescence, the branches of which are slightly pubescent in lines ; lower leaves with winged Ryuberg : Rocky Mountain flora 139 petioles, which are slightly dilated and ciliate at the base ; blades broadly lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, usually more or less serrate with ascending teeth, acute, glabrous or essentially so, hispidulous- ciliolate on the margins, rather thick ; upper leaves lanceolate, sessile or those of the inflorescence lance-Hnear ; inflorescence or its few principal branches racemiform ; involucres 8-9 mm. high, I cm. broad ; bracts subulate, glabrous, with linear-lanceolate green tips and green midveins below ; rays blue or bluish purple, about 15 mm. long; disk-flowers red-purple; achenes glabrous, at least in age. This may be the A. praecox of Hooker's Flora Boreali-Ameri- cana ; but the name is preoccupied by A. praecox Willd. It is related to A. Li7idleyanus, but differs in the narrower leaves, of which the lower are neither cordate nor broadly ovate and those of the inflorescence are lance-linear, in the larger rays, which are about I 5 mm. long, and in the more ascending branches of the simpler inflorescence. Alberta : Along streams, edge of woods on the Sulphur Mountain, Aug. 16, 1899, McCalla 2026 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; roadside, Spray Avenue, Banff, Sept. 18, 1899, McCalla 202'j ; below Wapta Lake, Aug. 6, 1904, J. Macoun 6g^8o ; gravelly banks, Second Lake, Rocky Mountain Park, Aug. 3, 1 89 1, Macoun JT/O. Aster Butleri sp. nov. Perennial, with a horizontal rootstock ; stem 4-10 dm. high, glabrous, slender ; lower leaves petioled ; blades lanceolate, about I dm. long, distantly serrate with ascending teeth, hispidulous- ciliolate on the margins, otherwise glabrous ; upper stem-leaves sessile, narrowly lanceolate, or those of the inflorescence lance- linear, entire ; inflorescence paniculate with numerous heads ; in- volucres 5-6 mm. high, about 8 mm. wide ; bracts subulate, with green midribs and narrowly lanceolate green tips, attenuate, gla- brous ; rays bluish purple, 8—10 mm. long; achenes hispidulous- strigose. This is related to the preceding, but differs from it in the large inflorescence with numerous small heads, and in the pubescent achenes. In the latter respect it differs from all the species of the Aster Lindleyamis group. Montana: Gateway, Aug. 16, 1908, B. T. Butler ^^j (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; also 4jj. 140 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Alberta: Field, Aug. 28, 1904,/. Macoiiii 6j^8j. British Columbia : Flood plains of Columbia at Beavermouth, Aug. 18, 1905, C. H. Shaiv 1165 ; Armstrong, 1904, E. Wilson ^22 (?); Emerald Lake, Aug. 30, 1904, J. Maconn 6j^88 (in part). Aster subsalignus sp. nov. Perennial, with a rootstock ; stem glabrous throughout, 6—10 dm. high ; leaves nearly erect, glabrous, glaucous, entire, clasping but scarcely auricled, 5— 10 cm. long, narrowly linear, 6-'j mm. wide, or the lower narrowly linear-oblanceolate, or those of the branches lance-linear and reduced ; inflorescence paniculate ; invo- lucres about 7 mm. high and 8 mm. wide ; bracts linear or the outer linear-lanceolate, glabrous, acute, with a green midrib and narrowly lanceolate green tip, or the outer nearly wholly green ; rays bluish or bluish purple, about 8 mm. long ; achenes glabrous ; pappus tawny ; disk-flowers dark, red-purple. This is related to Aster Geyeri, but differs in the narrow leaves, scarcely auricled at the base ; they are also more erect or strongly ascending and wholly entire. It stands in the same relation to Aster Geyeri as A. virgatus and A. concinmis do to A. laevis. It has the narrow green tips of the bracts found in A. Geyeri but not in the others. The spreading branches of the inflorescence with their very small bract-like leaves characteristic of the three are not found in this species, and scarcely in A. Geyeri. Colorado : Glenwood Springs, Aug. 18, 1906, G. E. Oster- hont 33gj (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Aster Wootonii Greene, Leaflets i : 146. 1905. Aster Jicspcriiis Wootonii Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 25 : 119. 1898. In raising the variety to specific rank, Dr. Greene stated : " Mr, Baker's n. 817 from near Gunnison represents well that of Mr. Wooton's distribution from New Mexico, and I judge the form worthy of specific rank." In the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden there are duplicates of both Baker Siy and Wooton J2g, the latter the type of A. Jiesperiiis Wootonii. The two are not the same. The latter has the subequal loose bracts and entire leaves of A. Jiesperiiis, and is best referred to that species ; in fact it matches very closely Wright iij8, which number I take to be the type of A. Jiesperiiis. In the former the bracts are well Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 141 imbricated in 3 or 4 unequal series and the leaves are distinctly- dentate and it agrees in every respect with specimens of A. pa)iicii- lahis. In the writer's judgment it is nothing but the not uncom- mon pinkish- or light lilac-flowered form of that species. Aster roseolus sp. nov. Perennial, with a horizontal rootstock ; stem 3-5 dm. high, often purple-tinged, glabrous, pilose in lines on the branches ; leaves linear, glabrous or nearly so, scabrous-ciliolate on the mar- gins, 5-10 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, inflorescence paniculate but the heads usually few ; involucres about 5 mm. high, 8-9 mm. broad ; bracts glabrous, oblong or oblong-linear, acute, in about 3 series, often wholly green, with broadly lanceolate tips ; rays rose-colored, 5—6 mm. long ; achenes hispidulous-strigose. This species is related to Aster longulus and A. Tradescanti, but differs in the bright rose-colored rays, the less numerous heads, simpler plant, and broader leaves. It grows in meadows at an alti- tude of 1500-2000 m. Montana: Melrose, 1895, Rydberg 28iy (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Lima, Aug. 5, 1895, Rydberg; Logan, July 28, 1895, Shear J^jj ; Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey j 121. Aster Franklinianus Rydb. nom. nov. Aster salicifolms Richardson, in Frankl. Journ. 748. 1823. Not Aster salicifoluis Lam . 1783. Aster laxiflonis Lindl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2:10, mainly. 1834. Not Aster laxiflorus Nees. 1833. Aster laxifloriis bore alls T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 2 : 138, in part. 1841. Dr. Gray referred this to Aster juiiceus but it is more closely related to A. longifolins, having the subequal bracts and the dark green leaves of that species, but the bracts are narrower and strictly appressed and the leaves are very narrowly linear and as far as I know perfectly entire. It is A. laxiflorus of Lindley mainly but he included a specimen of Mrs. Percival's from eastern Canada (apparently of A. Juuceiis), and this very specimen is the type of A. laxiflorus borealis T. & G. Otherwise the species would have become A. borealis Prov., as Provancher raised the variety to specific rank. He also characterized the eastern plant. The fol- lowing specimens belong to A. Franklinianus : 142 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Mackenzie Terr. : Slave Lake, Ricliardsoii ; Wooded Coun- try, Richardson ; Mackenzie River 1 86 1—2, Kejinicott ; Fort Reso- lution, 1 86 1— 2, Onion, Kennicott & Hardisty. Saskatchewan: 1857-8, E. Bourgemi. Montana: Gateway, Aug. 17, 1908, Butler ^JJ, 47 j, and 4J4; Helena, Aug. 16, 1892, Kclsey. Aster junciformis sp. nov. Aster junccns Coulter, Man. 161, in part. 1885, Aster longidus Rydb. Fl. Colo. 356. 1906. V' Dr. Gray associated it with C. altissimus; but it is not true of C. Flodmanii, for in that species the tomentuni is as permanent as in C. undulatus and C. ochrocentrus and far more so than in C. megacephalus . In the key C. filipendulus is characterized, but the description is of C. Flodmanii under a wrong name. Dr. Gray included C. Flodmanii in his Cnicus undulatus canescens. Professor Nelson has admitted a variety Carduus undulatus canescens (Nutt.) Porter. Evidently this was unknown to him for he simply copies Gray's characterization of Cnicus undulatus canescens. Some years ago, while visiting the Gray herbarium, I was curious to see what Gray meant by this variety. I found that it contained a mixture of Carduus Flodmanii, C. oblanceolatus , another related species of Arizona, and Cirsium brevif alius Nutt. The last is a yellow- flowered species related to Carduus Nelsonii and C. plattensis, and antedates both. Of these C. Flodmanii agrees best with the description of Cirsium canescens Nutt., and it might be that species. I have seen, however, a specimen of another species with strong erect involucral spines, which bore the name Cirsium canescens in Nuttall's own handwriting. Whether that specimen was the type or not I do not know, but I have adopted the name Carduus canescens for that species. Pammel in his treatise on the Iowa thistles adopted the name Cnicus canescens for Carduus Flodmanii. If Nelson had followed him, I would not have made any criticism, as there is some doubt as to which the name canescens belongs to, C. Flodmanii or the species for which I have adopted it. Professor Nelson has also omitted all the Utah species described by Marcus E. Jones, although most of them belong to the range of the New Manual. Centaurea and Arctium Neither of these two genera are included in the New Manual, although C. Cyanus has been collected at several places in Mon- tana, C. solstitialis L. at Salt Lake City, Utah, and A. minus Schk. in Colorado. New York Botanical Garden. CONTEIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN— No. 141 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLOM-XXY By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1911 Reprinted, without change of paging, from the Bulletin of theTorjiey Botanical Club 3S: 11-23. 15 F 1911 , Kroni the BuLLRTiN OF the Torrey Botanical Club. 38: 11-23. '9" ] MOB^i. Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XXV Per Axel Rydberg Ptilocalais macrolepis Rydb. sp. nov. -'VL Perennial with fusiform roots; stem glabrous, 2-5 dm. high, somewhat branched, glabrous or minutely puberulent; lower leaves somewhat petioled, the upper sessile; blades linear-lanceo- late, entire or rarely pinnatifid with linear-lanceolate, divergent divisions; heads solitary at the ends of the slender naked branches; involucres turbinate, about 2 cm. high. Calyculate bracts 8-10, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3-6 mm. long; bracts proper 12-15, linear-lanceolate, attenuate; achenes about 7 mm. long, puberulent on the rounded angles or glabrate; pappus-scales lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, gradually tapering upwards; bristles 6-7 mm. long. In habit this species is intermediate between Ptilocalais nutans and P. major, with the head of the latter, but it differs from both in the pappus-scales. In the original description of Ptilophora major, Gray gives no description of the pappus, stating that his specimens were too young. In the Columbia University her- barium there is a duplicate of the type, collected by Spalding. This has fairly well developed fruit and shows that Ptilocalais major has practically the same pappus as P. nutans, i. e., the paleaceous portion is only 2 mm. long, oblong in outline, truncate and somewhat 3-toothed at apex. P. macrolepis grows in sandy soil at an altitude of 1 200-1 500 m. Utah: Benches near Salt Lake City, Apr. 30, 1904, A. 0. Garrett 182 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.); Red Rock Canon, June II, 1905, Rydberg 6ioj ; Salt Lake City, May 12, 1880, M. E. Jones I'joj (at least in part); benches near Salt Lake, June i, 1900, Stokes. Ptiloria Professor Nelson, in the New Manual of Botany of the Central Rocky Mountains, restores the name Stephanomeria, following the Vienna Rules. The only criticism I have to make of the treatment of the genus is that he has reduced Ptiloria ramosa 11 12 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora Rydb. to a synonym of .S. tenuifoUa (Torr.) Hall. In the her- barium of the New York Botanical Garden there is a good speci- men of P. ramosa collected by Aven Nelson and Elias Nelson, viz., no. 5985. This is labeled Ptiloria paucifl.ora (Torr.) Raf. It agrees well with Nelson's description of 6'. pauciflora., except as to the pappus, but it is very unlike the type of Prenanthes pauciflora Torrey, collected by James and preserved in the her- barium of Columbia University. Ptiloria paticiflora, so far as I know is not found so far north as Wyoming. Adopogon Professor Nelson has readopted Krigia for this genus and perhaps rightly so, as most of Necker's genera can scarcely be called published. However, he wrongly adopts the name Krigia virginica (L.) Nels. for the only species found in the region, not- withstanding the fact that there is an older Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. Crepis Under Crepis riincinata we find in the New Manual the follow- ing synonyms and remarks. "(C platyphylla Greene . . . ; C. glaucella Rydb. . . . , C. tomentidosa, C. perplexans. and C. petiolata Rydb. . . . To recognize the foregoing one would first have to assume a hypothetical C. runcinata.y There is hardly need of assuming a hypothetical C. rimcinata, for there are found in the region where the type of Hieracium runcinatiim Torr.* was collected at least two plants which agree very well with the original description. One is the plant for which I have adopted the name Crepis ruficinata, the other is C. riparia A. Nels. Most of James' plants are in the old Torrey herbarium, but the type of Hieracium runcinatiini is not there. Torrey's description is very clear, however, and calls for a strongly hairy plant. All the synonyms cited above, except C. platyphylla, repre- sent glabrous plants (except as to the involucres), and more closely related to C. glauca than to C. runcinata. Crepis platyphylla Greene is closely related to C. riparia and perhaps not distinct, *Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 209. 1826. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 13 at least it is more closely related to it than is C. denticidata Rydb., which Professor Nelson reduces to a variety. A "conservative" botanist would unite C. platyphylla Greene ( C. rnncinata hispi- dulosa Howell) and C. riparia. The latter would then be reduced to ' ynonymy, as the fornif r name is three years older In Torrey and Gray's Flora, Hieracmm ru?icinatum was transferred to Crepis and the authors cite four specimens, of which two, viz., those collected by Drummond ( Crepis biennis ^ Hook.*) andhy NicoUet are preserved in the Torrey herbarium. These agree with the description of Torrey's Hieraciiim rimciyiatiim. I have adopted the name Crepis rnncinata for these specimens rather than to transfer the name to C. riparia. If Professor Nelson had reduced C. tomenhdosa to a synonym of' C. glauca, I would have made no objection, for I myself am somewhat suspicious that it may be on'y a state or condition of that species. Crepis petiolata and C. glauc lla are closely related to it, and the glandular involucre is the only character which would associate it with C. rnncinata. C. perplexans is closer to C. rnncinata, but it also is a glabrous plant. Both Crepis denticidata Rydb. and C. alpicola A. Nels. are included in C. riparia parva A. Nels. Crepis alpicola was tech- nically based on C. rnncinata alpicola Rydb. The type of both the latter and C. denticidata are in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden and they are not at all alike. Nelson's de- scription of C. riparia parva agrees with C. alpicola but not with C. denticidata. Compare the original descriptions. Crepis angnstata Rydb. is made a synonym of C. gracilis (D. C. Eaton) Rydb. The plant described by Professor Nelson is, however, not C. gracilis but C. angnstata. Crepis gracilis was established on C. occidentalis gracilis D. C. Eaton. f The type of this is Watson 716, a duplicate of which is in the Columbia University herbarium. It is a plant exceedingly like C. scopu- lornm in habit, but the involucre is narrower, the bracts fewer, and the achenes distinctly ribbed. Some of the involucral bracts have a few black hairs as they have in C. scopulornm. Crepis angnstata, like C. intermedia, never has black hairs. C. gracilis *FI. Bor.-Am. i: 297. t Bot. King. Exp. 203. 1871. 14 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora I think has been redescribed under the name C. exilis Osterhout,* omitted by Nelson. Crepis piimila Rydb. is made a synonym of C. occidentalis. C. piimUa is not only a lower plant, without any trace of black glandular hairs, but it has different, perfectly columnar achenes. Apparently it was included by Dr. Gray in his C. occidentalis costata. Crepis atriharha Heller is made a synonym of C. barbigera Leiberg. The two are not even closely related. The latter is not found within the region, and there was no need of even con- sidering it. Crepis seselifolia sp. nov. Perennial with an ascending rootstock and short base covered by remains of old leaves; stem 4-6 dm. high, slender, canescent- tomentulose or the upper part glabrous ; basal leaves long-petioled ; blades 1-2 cm. long, deeply twice pinnatifid, with linear filiform divisions, canescent-tomentulose, caudate-acuminate, with an elongated linear entire end 5-8 cm. long; stem-leaves subsessile, less divided or the uppermost entire and linear-filiform; heads corymbose-paniculate; involucre glabrous, cylindric, about i cm. long; calyculate bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, only 1-1.5 mm. long; bracts proper 5-7, linear, yellowish green; flowers 5-7; ligules nearly i cm. long; achenes somewhat fusiform, striate. In habit this species resembles most Crepis gracilis (D. C. Eaton) Rydb., but the divisions of the leaves are much narrower and often again divided into very narrow divisions, and the involucre is glabrous as in C. acumifiata. The leaves resemble those of certain species of the genus Scseli. Idaho: Rocky hillsides, scarce, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County, Idaho, June 6, 1892, Sandberg, MacDougal &■ Heller 326 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). HiERACIUM Professor Nelson includes both Hieracium umbellatum. L. and H. canadense Michx. in the flora of the Rocky Mountains. Nei- ther is found in the region. H. umbcllatum is exceedingly rare in America and confined to the extreme northeastern part, evi- dently an introduced plant. H, coliimbianum on account of its *Muhlenbergia i: 142. 1906. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 15 narrow leaves (narrower than in H. canadense) has sometimes been confounded with H. timbellatum, sometimes with H. cana- dense on account of its hairy stem. The common plant of the West, which has been confounded with both, is H. scahriusculum Schwein.* (H. macranthum Nutt.f). Narrower-leaved specimens have been named H. umbellatum and broader-leaved ones, H. canadense. It differs from H. canadense in the glabrous stem and finely scabrous-puberulent leaves. H. columhianum has long white or yellow hairs on the lower part of the stem. The true Hieracium Scoideri Hook, is not found in the region. A duplicate of the type is in the old Torrey herbarium. It is an almost scapose plant with the broad leaves obtuse at the apex and gathered near the base of the stem. The stem-leaves are few and small and the involucral bracts hirsute with short dark hairs. The plant resembles more Hieracium alhifiorum in habit than it does H. griseuni and H. cynoglossoides. The plant with long-hairy involucre which, mainly, Dr. Gray described in his Synoptical Flora and Professor Nelson described in the New Manual is not H. Scouleri. It should be known as H. alhertianum Farr.| Heteropleura Fendleri (Schultz Bip.) Rydb. comb. nov. Crepis amhigua A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 114. 1849. Not C. amhigna Balb. 1805. Hieracium Fendleri Schultz Bip. Bonplandia 9: 173. 1861. Heteropleura ambigua Schultz Bip. Flora 45: 435. 1862. Hieracium nigrocollinum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 133. 1890. This species has been included in Hieracium by Dr. Gray and others. It would be better to include it in Crepis than in Hiera- cium, for the achenes are tapering upwards and the pappus is tawny, not white. The involucral bracts are not thickened on the back, however, as they are in most species of Crepis, and the general habit resembles perhaps more that of Hieracium than of Crepis. It does not fit well in either genus, at the same time * Long's Second Exp. 2: 394. 1824. t Trans. Am. PhiL Soc. XL 7: 446. 1841. J Ottawa Nat. 20: 109. 1906. 16 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora combining characters of both. Either the two genera should be united or else this species and several others of the southwestern United States and Mexico should be separated as a distinct genus. Even Fries in his Symbolae Hieraciorum recognized this fact and suggested the name Crepidispermum. He did not exactly publish the genus and no binomial names were given under the genus. Besides, in the same year a genus Crepidospermiim B. & H. was published. The two names differ only in one letter, the connecting vowel i in one case and o in the other. The former is the Latin connecting vowel, the latter the Greek, which is some- times used in Latin for euphony's sake. The two names may therefore be regarded as identical. The two brothers Schultz of Zweibruecken adopted Fries' suggestion and established the genus under the name Heteropleura, as alternate ribs of the achenes are stronger. The present species was given the name Heteropleura amhigua, based on Crepis amhigua A. Gray. As there is an older C. amhigua Balb., that specific name is not available, and hence I have adopted Heteropleura Fcndleri. Agoseris Professor Nelson reestablishes the name Troximon for this genus, evidently following as he thought the Vienna Rules and cites Nuttall' as authority for the genus. This is a similar case to that of Actinella and Tetraneuris. In fact Nuttall never estab- lished a genus Troximon. He thought that his two species be- longed to the genus Troximon Gaert. Troximon of Gaertner was established in 1791 on Tragopogon Dandelion, T. virginicum, and T. lanatum,oi which the first two belong to one genus, Krigia or Adopogon, and the last is a Scorzonera. Even if Nuttall had established a genus Troximon, this would not hold, for then it was not published before 181 8 in his Genera, while Ralinesque's name dates from 181 7. It is true that Troximon appeared in Fraser's Catalogue of 1813, but there it is without description. In his Genera, Nuttall credits Gaertner with the name. So does also Pursh in his Flora, 1814. There is therefore no w^arrant for reviving Troximon for the genus known in later years as Agoseris. A good deal may be said regarding Professor Nelson's treat- ment of this genus, especially in the way synonyms have been RvDBERG : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 17 cited. Agoseris attenuata Rydb. is given as a synonym of T. pubescens (Rydb.) A. Nels. A. attenuata has perfectly glabrous leaves, only the involucre and the upper part of the scape being villous. It would be included in Agoseris pumila (Nutt.) Rydb., were it not for the decidedly acuminate inner bracts. It has very little indeed to do with the decidedly pubescent A. pubescens. Agoseris maculata Rydb. is made a synonym of Troximon villosum (Rydb.) A. Nels. It is true that they much resemble each other in general habit and pubescence, but the outer bracts in A. villosa are obtuse or even rounded at the apex, while those of /I. wacw/a/a are abruptly and distinctly acuminate. A. villosa is a plant of the lowlands of Montana, westward and northward, while A. acuminata is an alpine or subalpine plant of the moun- tains of Colorado. Troximon roseum Nutt., Agoseris agrestis Osterhout, and A. roseata Rydberg are made synonyms of Troximon glaucum. I have not seen the type of T. roseum Nutt., but, as I interpret it, it is a plant closely related to T. laciniatum Nutt., not to T. glaucum. Agoseris agrestis Osterhout is related to A. glauca, but if made a synonym of anything it should be of Troximon pumilum Nuttall, having the same pubescent involucral bracts, but the leaves are pinnatifid and caudate-acuminate instead of entire and obtuse or rounded at the apex. Under Troximon glaucum dasycephalum Professor Nelson gives a citation from Piper's Flora of Washington: "This plant differs from T. glaucum only in having a pubescent involucre. It is scarcely worth nomenclatural recognition." I think that both Piper and Nelson are incorrect in this statement. In Agoseris glauca (Nutt.) Greene the involucre is decidedly obconic, and the leaves narrowly oblanceolate or linear and glaucous; in Agoseris scorzoneraefolia (Schrad.) Greene (Troximon glaucum dasycepha- lum T. & G.) the involucre is decidedly campanulate, sometimes in age almost hemispheric, the outer bracts and the leaves broader, and the latter scarcely glabrous. Those who have access to the Botanical Magazine may compare plate 1667 Q.nd plate 3462, which give good illustrations of Agoseris glauca and A. scorzoneraefolia respectively. Under Troximon glaucum dasycephalum, Agoser.s altissima is 18 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora given as a synonym. The latter plant is a decidedly pubescent plant and should be associated rather with A. villosa, but is taller and its flowers turn deep purple in age. Under the variety pumiliim we find Agoseris Leontodon Rydb. as a synonym. The latter was based on Macrorhynchiis glaucus laciniatus D. C. Eaton. Dr. Gray included in his Troxi- mon glaucum laciniatum a multitude of forms, in fact everything of the A. glauca group with laciniate leaves. Macrorhynchus glaiiciis laciniatus D. C. Eaton is not found east of Nevada. It is related to Stylopappus laciniatus Nutt. Under Troximon aracJinoideum (Rydb.) A. Nels. are found the following: "T. glaucum laciniatum in part (not T. laciniatum Gray . . . ; Agoseris laciniata Greene; A. arachnoidea Rydb. . . .)." The plant described by Professor Nelson is the same as Stylopappus laciniatus Nutt. A duplicate of Nuttall's type is in the old Torrey herbarium, and it is to be known as Agoseris laciniata (Nutt.) Greene. If Troximon is used the name should be T. laciniatum (Nutt.) A. Gray, although Dr. Gray described under that name an entirely different plant from Nuttall's Stylo- pappus laciniatus. The type of the latter did not have developed fruit and both Nuttall and Gray thought that it was related to Stylopappus grajidiflorus Nuttall, or Troximon grandiflorum A. Gray. Its achenes are of the A. glauca type with short striate beak. (See further below.) To use the name Troximon arachnoi- deum for this plant was entirely out of place, for Agoseris arach- noidea Rydberg is an entirely different plant of the A. aurantiaca group, with long filiform, non-striate achene-beak, in age purple flowers, and with densely pubescent leaves. Evidently Professor Nelson did not know the plant. Under Troximon purpureum we find the following synonyms: " Macrorhynchus purpureus A. Gray . . . \ T. gracilens A. Gray ... \ A. Greenei Rydb. as to our range." In the herbarium of Columbia University there is a duplicate of the type of Macro- rhynchus purpureus A. Gray. It is a low plant scarcely more than I dm. high, with narrow, pinnatifid, glaucous and glabrous leaves and brightly spotted involucral bracts. Professor Nelson char- acterizes his Troximon purpureum as being tall, 2-5 dm. high, with leaves tapering into long, slender, winged petioles. Evi- Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 1 9 dently Professor Nelson did not have in mind the true Macro- rhynchus purpureas, on which Troximon purpureum (A. Gray) A. Nels. should have been based, but a mixture of A. gracilens and A. Greenei Rydb. If any reduction should have been made, T. gracilens should have been made a synonym of Troximon aurantia- cum Hook. In the herbarium of Columbia University there is a duplicate of the type of the latter and one specimen cited in the original description of the former. The only diflference I can see is that the outer bracts in T. aiirantiacum are broader and in- clined to be obtuse. As to Agoseris Greenei Rydb. the name has to be changed. The plant should be known as Agoseris graminifolia Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 124. 1898. Troximon gracilens Greenei A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 71. 1883. Agoseris gracilenta Greenei Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. Agoseris Greenei Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i: 459. 1900. Not Agoseris Greeneana O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 304. 1891. Troximon purpureum A. Nels., Coult. & Nels. New Man. Cent. Rocky Mts. 599, in part. 1909. Not Macrorhynchus pur- pureus A. Gray. 1859. For this species I had adopted the name Agoseris Greenei, basing it upon Troximon gracilens Greenei A. Gray, but I had overlooked the fact that there had been published an Agoseris Greeneana based on Troximon elatum Greene. The latter should be known, however, as A. major Jepson, published in September, 1 891, while Kuntze's name was published in October, 1891. A closer investigation of Agoseris graminifolia persuaded me that it could not be kept distinct from A. Greenei (A. Gray) Rydb. although the leaves of the specimens from type collection are more entire than usual. On the sheet in the collection of the New York Botanical Garden they are wholly entire, but the figure published and drawn from the type specimen shows four leaves with a few short lobes. Under Troximon arizonicum Professor Nelson gives as syn- onyms Agoseris elongata Greene, A. rostrata Rydb., and A. humilis Rydb. The first is only a manuscript name, but the specimens so named are rightly referred to T. arizonicum. Agoseris humilis 20 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora is related to A. gracilens and A. aurantiaca and should have been included in the latter as characterized by Professor Nelson. Ago- seris rostrata is not closely related to either but is the next relative to A. grandifiora oi the Pacific Slope, having the same short outer bracts and elongated inner ones and the same very long and slender beak of the achenes, nearly three times as long as the body. It is the 'T. grandifloriim as to our range," an expression which Professor Nelson erroneously uses under Troxinion mon- tanum. Agoseris turbinata sp. nov. Perennial with taproot and short caudex; leaves narrowly linear, 7-15 cm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, glabrous, bluish green, the midvein and base often purplish, entire, attenuate; scape about 3 dm. high, slender, sparingly villous, more densely so under the head; involucres turbinate, 17-20 mm. high; bracts all narrowly lance-linear, villous on the back as well as on the margins, with dark purple middle and yellowish green margins; ligules 15-18 mm. long, yellow with purplish veins, turning pinkish in age; beak of the achenes short and striate. This resembles in many respects Agoseris parvifiora in habit, but dififers in the villous scape and involucre and in the beautifully variegated bracts. Alberta: Gravel Slope of Tunnel Mountain, McCalla 2o6j (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Agoseris obtusifolia (Suksd.) Rydb. nom. nov. Troxinion grandiflornni ohtusijolium Suksd. Deuts. Bot. Monats. 18: 98. 1900. This is characterized by the broad oblong obtuse lobes and the obtuse or even rounded apex of the leaves. I think that it deserves specific rank. It has been collected in western Idaho. Agoseris tenuifolia (A. Gray) Rydb. nom. nov. Troximon grandifloriim tenuifoUnm A. Gray, Bot. Calif, i : 438, in part. 1876. Troximon laciniatum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 72, in part. 1883. Not Stylopappus laciniatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 432. 1841. In the Botany of California Gray gives a short description of Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 21 Troximon grandiflorum tenuifolium, and points out the characters distinguishing it from T. grandiflorum. He gives as a synonym Stylopappiis laciniatiis longifolius Nutt., but a dupHcate of the type of the latter collected by Douglas is in the Columbia Univer- sity herbarium and in this specimen the outer bracts are not dilated as they are in A. grandiflora and its relatives. In the Proceedings of the American Academy, vol. 19, Dr. Gra}' adopts the name Troximon laciniatum, giving as synonyms Stylopappus laciniatiis Nutt. and its variety longifolius; also Troxi- mon grandiflorum var. tenuifolium and var. laciniatum of the Botany of California. A duplicate of Nuttall's type of Stylopappus lacin- iatiis is also in the Columbia University herbarium. In later years man^^ specimens matching this specimen have been collected in Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho. This is a species with achenes of the type of Agoseris glauca and was probably included in Gray's Troximon glauciim laciniatum, but it is not Macrorhyn- chiis glaucus laciniatus D. C. Eaton. In my Flora of Colorado, I adopted the name Agoseris laciniata (Nutt.) Greene for this species. Professor Aven Nelson describes it in the New Manual as Troximon arachnoideum (Rydb.) A. Nels. It has nothing to do with Agoseris arachnoidea Rydb. See above, p. 18. Taraxacum Professor Nelson's treatment of Taraxacum is good. He ac- knowledges six species, instead of only one as Dr. Gray did. The only criticism I have to offer is that Taraxacum leiospermum Rydb. is made a synonym of T. angustifolium Greene. It is true that in both the lower part of the achenes is smooth, but otherwise there are several discrepancies between the descriptions of the two. T. angustifolium is characterized as having narrow, oblong-linear leaves, and the outer bracts few and small, in a single series, and erect, while in T. leiospermum the leaves are broadly oblanceolate and the calyculate bracts are in 2 or 3 series and with spreading tips, as in T. dumetorum. Lactuca L. Professor Nelson has given a new specific name to the more common prickly lettuce of the Rocky Mountain region. It has 22 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora usually been known as Lacfuca Scariola L., which name has in- cluded all the prickly lettuces found introduced in North America, viz., L. Scariola L., L. virosa L., L. saligna L., etc. The plants with merely toothed leaves were referred to L. virosa L. by Dr. N. L. Britton, but Mr. L. F. Dewey of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture contends that it is not L. virosa but L. Scariola integrata Gren. & Godr. Mr. Dewey is followed by Robinson & Fernald in Gray's New Manual. So also by Professor Nelson, but he regards it as specifically distinct from L. Scariola and proposes the name L. integrata (Gren. & Godr.) A. Nels. This was altogether unnecessary for L. Scariola integrata Gren. & Godr.* was based on L. augiistana All.f Allion 'gives a good figure. Linnaeus in his first edition had only one species, Lactiica virosa, with three varieties. In the second edition L. Scariola is adopted for L. virosa var. 5 of the first edition. Both L. virosa and L. Scariola are based on figures in Morison's Historia, and the figure cited under L. virosa resembles indeed very much the more common plant introduced in the Rocky Mountain region, much more so than Allioni's plate of L. augustana does. The difl^erence between L. virosa and L. Scariola given by Linnaeus is that the former has toothed horizontal leaves while in the latter they are pinnatifid and vertical. The plant answering the descrip- tion of L. Scariola has been collected in Utah and Montana but the plant with merely toothed leaves is more common. Mr. Dewey's contention may be correct as far as the plant around Washington and Boston is concerned, but I think the plant of the Rockies and the Pacific Slope is L. virosa. So far as I know, the leaves are not turned on edge as they are in L. Scariola and Professor Nelson describes the achenes of his L. ititegrata as being dark-colored instead of pale. Dewey described the achenes of Lactiica virosa as being darker and broader than in L. Scariola, while he could not find any differences between those of the latter and the var. integrata. There is another character which helps to distinguish L. virosa and L. Scariola. \n the latter, the branches of the panicle are inclined to be racemiform, while in L. virosa they are more branched with more or less diverging branchlets. *F1. Tran. 320. 1850. t Fl. Pedem. 1: 224. 1785. RvDBERG : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 23 The Rocky Mountain specimens agree in this respect with L. virosa. They have also the obtuse lower leaves of that species as figured by Morison, as illustrated in Sweet's English Botany, in Baxter's British Phaenogamous Botany, and in the Flora von Deutschland. Allioni's illustration of L. augustana shows only the upper part of the plant, but all the leaves shown are decidedly acute. Lactuca polyphylla sp. nov. Biennial; stem stout, about i m. high, glabrous; leaves sessile and slightly auriculate-clasping, very numerous, linear-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, 1-2 dm. long, glabrous, not at all spinulose; panicle conical, much branched, about 3 dm. long, 1.5 dm. broad; involucres about i cm. high; outer bracts lanceolate, about halt as long as the linear-lanceolate inner ones; achenes nearly black, 3-4 mm. long, oval, indistinctly 3-nerved, transversely rugose; beak about 2 mm. long. The type was determined as Lactuca integrifoUa Bigel., but it differs from that purely eastern species in the numerous more willowlike leaves, the stout stem, the numerous heads in a more compact panicle and the short beak of the achenes. Idaho: Lake Pend d'Oreille, Aug. 5, 1885, E. L. Greene (type in herb. Columbia Univeristy). New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN-No. 151 STUDIES ON THE KOCKT MOUNTAIN FLORA -XXVI By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1912 Reprinted, witUouc change of paging, from the Bulletin of the Tokbky Botanical Club 39: 99-111. 13 Ap 1912 [From the Bullbtin op the Torrey Botanical Club 39: 99-111. 17 Ap 1912 J Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XXVI Per Axel Rydberg PINACEAE and JUNIPERACEAE In the New Manual of Botany of the Central Rocky Mountains no reference is made to Picea canadensis, although it has been col- lected in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Blankin- ship in his supplement to the Flora of Montana,* reports P. alba, which is the same, from four localities in Montana. This, however, I think is erroneous. All specimens from Alberta, British Columbia, and Montana, that I have seen determined as P. canadensis or P. alba, belong to P. albertiana S. Brown. Probably the specimens reported by Blankinship belong there also. Abies grandis is also omitted in the New Manual. This is not uncommon in Montana west of the continental divide. Perhaps that part of the state is not intended to be included in the range covered by the New Manual, as it includes only "most of Montana." The species has been reported from the Yellowstone Park, but the reference is un- certain. Blankinship, loc. cit., also reports Juniperus virginiana from Montana and cites three localities. I have no evidence that the determinations were correct nor have I seen any specimens from the state. What makes me more doubtful as to the correct- ness of the determination is that two of the localities are situated west of the continental divide, and at Bozeman, the third locality, I have myself collected during parts of three summers and have not seen it. I doubt very much if Juniperus Knightii A. Nelson can be upheld as a species distinct from /. utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon. The characters given, apparently do not hold. The leaves are supposed to be 2-ranked in /. monosperma and /. utahensis and 3-ranked in /. Knightii. I know that in the first two they are both 2- and 3-ranked. I have not seen the type of /. Knightii, but in a specimen distributed under that name by Professor Nelson * Montana Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. Bot. i: 39. 1905. 99 100 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora himself the leaves are both 2- and 3-ranked on different twigs of the same branch. The seeds in /. tUaheftsis are either obtuse or acutish at the apex, and these characters do not furnish any dis- tinction. I have spoken to Dr. J. A. Shafer, who helped Dr. N. L. Britton in preparing North American Trees, and he told me that he had come to exactly the same conclusion as I. The following two changes in the nomenclature seem to be advisable. Hesperopeuce Mertensiana (Bong.) Rydb. comb. nov. Pimcs Mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. Sci. Nat. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 163. 1832. Abies Mertensiana Lindl. & Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 5: 211. 1850. Abies Pattoniana Jeffrey ; A. Murray, Rep. Oregon Exped. i. 1853. Tsuga Pattoniana Senec. Conif. 21. 1867. Hesperopence Pattoniana Lemmon, Rep. Calif. State Board ^ Forestry 3: 126. 1890. Tsuga Mertensiana Sargent, Silva 12: 77. 1898. Not T. Merten- siana Carriere, 1867. I agree fully with Mr. Lemmon that this species should be removed from Tsuga. Both its cones and its leaves are more like those of a spruce than those of a hemlock, and the habit of the tree is different from both. Mr. Lemmon, however, did not adopt the oldest available specific name. Sabina horizontalis (Moench) Rydb. comb, nov, Juniperus horizontalis Moench, Meth. 699. 1794- Juniperus prostrata Pers. Syn. 2: 632. 1807. Juniperus Sabina procumbens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 647. 1814. Sabina prostrata Antoine, Cupress. Gatt. 57. 1857-70. EPHEDRACEAE Marcus E. Jones* reduced Ephedra viridis Coville to a variety of E. nevadensis. I do not know exactly what E. viridis is, as I have not seen the type, but the Utah plant which Jones had in mind, does not seem to agree with the description. We have dupli- cates of some of the numbers cited by Jones, and these seem to be typical E. nevadensis. * Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 726. 1895. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain ^iora 101 SPARGANIACEAE Spargankim simplex L. has been reported again and again from the Rocky Mountains, but all the specimens I have seen under that name belong either to S. longipedunculatum (Morong) Rydberg or to 5. angustifolium Michx. S. longipedunculatum resembles S. simplex much in habit but is usually more slender, and the leaves are not so triangular-keeled as in that species. The main difference is, however, in the shorter style and stigma. 5. simplex is very rare in the United States. I have seen specimens only from the State of Washington. It is otherwise found in British Columbia and along the St. Lawrence River in Ontario and Quebec. ZANNICHELLIACEAE Potamogeton perfoliatiis is not found in the Rocky Mountain region. It is there represented by P. Richardsonianus. Notwith- standing the fact that N. Taylor includes the latter in the former, I am convinced that they are distinct. This opinion is based on field studies. My contentions are also supported by M. L. Fernald. I cannot find any specific distinctions between Ruppia curvi- carpa A. Nels. and R. maritima L. The length of the pedicels is merely a matter of age and other conditions; the typical R. maritima has strongly oblique fruit, gibbous at the base as de- scribed in R. curvicarpa; slender or stout, straight and curved styles are found in the same individual even. Taylor, also, could find no distinctive characters. ALISMACEAE Alisma Plantago-aquatica L. is not found in America. In this European species the achenes have different beaks from those found in the North American species. The common species of the Rocky Mountain region should be known as ^. hrevipes Greene. Alisma Geyeri Torr. is also found in the regions. (See my Flora of Montana.) It has been collected later in Utah. Blankinship* described one new species and one new variety of Sagittaria. S. paniculata Blank, is but a well developed S. * Loc. cit. 40. 102 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora arifolia Nutt.,*and 5. arifolia tenuior is but a depauperate form of the same. Both 5. paniciilata Blank, and 6'. arifolia Nutt. have to give way for the older name S. cuneata Sheldon, f which was described from the deep-water form of the same species. POACEAE Blankinship reported Panicum ?iitidum Lam. from Columbia Falls, Montana. This must be an error, for that species is known only from the eastern seaboard from southern Virginia to eastern Texas. Aristida fasciculata Hookeri of Blankinship's list is the same as A . longiseta. Professor Nelson reports Aristida oligantha from Colorado. I have seen no specimens from that state and none from west of central Nebraska. Perhaps A. hromoides might have been mis- taken for it. The oldest available specific name for Eriocoma cuspidata is hymenoides, which is therefore adopted, and its name and synonymy is as follows: Eriocoma hymenoides (R. & S.) Rydb. comb. nov. Stipa membranacea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 728. 1814. Not 5. membranacea L. 1753. Stipa hymenoides R. & S. Syst. 2: 339. 181 7. Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. Gen. i: 40. 1818. Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth. ; Vasey, Special Rep. U. S. Dept. Agr. 63: 23. 1883. The following species of Muhlenbergia should be added to the flora of the Rocky Mountain region: M. pauciflora Buckl. {M. neomexicana Vasey; M. Pringlei Scribn.), M. polycaulis Scribn., and M. curtifolia Scribn., which were collected by Professor A. O. Garrett and myself in southeastern Utah last summer. Alope- curus fulvus Smith is not found in America, except perhaps in Greenland. A. aristulatus Michx. is not the same, differing not only in the general habit, not being depressed-geniculate, but also in the difi^erent position of the awn of the floral glume. Alopecurus pallescens Piper has been collected in both Idaho and Montana. * J. G. Smith. Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 6: 32. 1894. t Bull. Torrey Club 20: 283. 1893. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 103 Professor Nelson, in the New Manual, includes Sporoboliis vaginaefolius and Cinna arundinacea, which I think are erroneously- reported for the region. The following species of Calamagrostis have to be included in the Rocky Mountain fiora: C. Vaseyi in Montana, C. rubescens and C. lucida in Wyoming. Professor Nelson reduced Avena americana to a synonym of A. Mortoniana. I think they are distinct, but if united, they should bear the name Avena Hookeriana, an older name for the former. Arrhenatherum elatiiis has been collected in Colorado, and Dan- thonia spicata is common in the Black Hills. Deschampsia pungens sp. nov. A densely tufted perennial; stem 3-4 dm. high, glabrous and shining; basal leaves numerous, the old subchartaceous sheaths from preceding season remaining, strongly striate, glabrous, often slightly tinged with purplish; ligules triangular-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long: blades spreading, more or less arcuate, strongly involute, bluish green or in age straw-colored, strongly striate, minutely scabrous-pruinose, stiff and with a callous pungent point; stem leaves few; blades 2-5 cm. long, similar; panicle open, branches in age spreading; peduncle and its branches more or less purplish, glabrous or minutely scabrous; empty glumes subequal, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, purple, with scarious margins; rachis long-hairy; floral glumes 3-3.5 mm. long, similar to the empty glumes; awn attached near the base, equaling or barely exceeding the floral glume. This species is closely related to D. caespitusa but differs in the stiff, involute, pungent-pointed leaves and in the position of the dorsal awn of the floral glumes. This is attached near the base of the glume, while in D. caespitosa it is attached one fourth or one fifth the distance from the base. It grows near hot springs. Alberta: Along stream below warm sulphur springs, vicinity of Banff, July 10, 1899, McCalla 2joQ (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Wyoming: Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, August 4, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 3590. Chloris brevispica Nash has been collected at Wray, Colorado, and Blepharidachne Kmgii (S. Wats.) Hackel {Eremochloa Kingii 104 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora S. Wats.) in eastern Utah, Eragrostis lutescens Scribn. and E. hypnoides Nees in Idaho, E. secundiflora Presl in Colorado, and E. neoniexica?7a Vasey in southern Utah. Briza maxima L. has be- come introduced in Colorado. Poa Midtnomae Piper and P. ampla Merrill have been collected in Montana since 1909. Poa flava L. is not a Poa at all, as shown by Professor A. S. Hitchcock, and the name to be used for P. serotina Ehrh. is P. triflora Gilib. Poa laxa Haenke is not found in the Rocky Mountains, and what has been masquerading under that name is P. alpicola Nash. Poa paddensis Piper is an older name for P. suhpurpiirea Rydb., both being based on P. purpuras- cens Vasey. In the New Manual no reason is given why P. BuckJeyana Nash, published in 1895, should be used instead of P. Sandbergii Vasey of 1893. They may be the same. P. Buckleyana Nash was a substitute for the untenable P. tenuifolia Buckl., while P. Sandbergii was described independently. I have not seen Buckley's type, but it is supposed to have been based upon the manuscript P. tenuifolia Nutt. Dr. A. Gray accused Buckley of having pilfered the species from Nuttall. There is in the her- barium of the New York Botanical Garden a specimen named by Nuttall P. tenuifolia, and this specimen belongs to P. Sandbergii. What has usually passed under the names P. tenuifolia and P. Buckleyana is different, and I think represents a distinct although closely related species. The grass common in Wyoming and Colo- rado belongs to this and not to the typical P. Sandbergii, which ranges only Avest of the continental divide. Although Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. resembles the common bluegrass in habit it is entirely distinct from it and more closely related to P. arida Vasey. Like that species it lacks the cobweb at the base of the floral glumes altogether, while P. pratensis has the best developed cobweb of all our species. Like- wise P. phoenicea Rydb., also cited as a synonym under P. praten- sis in the New Manual, has no cobweb arid belongs in another section of the genus. I am inclined to think that P. phoenicea Rydb. is the same as the original P. Grayana Vasey, while P. Grayana of my Flora of Colorado is a large-flowered P. Patter- sonii or a closely related species. Poa crocata Michx. is the same as P. caesia strictior. In the Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 105 Torrey Herbarium there are a few spikelets of P. crocata Michx., and I have seen the type of P. caesia strictior. The plant is the most common species that has been known under the name P. nemoralis in the Rockies. It is intermediate between P. interior R3'db. and P. rupicola Nash, in habit resembhng more the latter, but the cobweb is present. In the New Manual of Botany of the Central Rocky Moun- tains, Poa Tracyi Vasey, P. flexuosa occidentalis Vasey, P. occiden- talis Rydb., and P. callicJiroa Rydb. are given as synonyms under P. nervosa (Hook.) Vasey. In P. callichroa the cobweb is present, and that species is related to P. arctica although much larger. In the rest the cobweb is wanting. The plant described by Professor Nelson is P. occidentalis (Vasey) Rydb. If P. Tracyi Vasey is the same I do not know, but P. 7'iervosa (Hook.) Vasey is a different plant. A duplicate of the type is in the Torrey Herbarium. In this species the glumes are very thin and the nerves very prominent, stronger than in any other species of Poa known to me. Poa calif ornica, P. andina Nutt., and P. brevipanicitlata S. & W. are given as synonyms under P. Fendleriana. Poa brevipanictdata is very hard to distinguish from P. Fendleriana and may well be reduced to synonomy. Poa californica, under which name P. Fendleriana has been masquerading and under which it is described in the old Coulter's Manual, is an entirely different plant, related to P. nevadensis and P. Biickleyana and not found in- the Rocky Mountain region. P. andina Nutt. is also entirely distinct. P. arida, Vasey and P. pratericola Rydb. & Nash were based on P. andina Nutt. These two as well as P. juncifolia Scribn. are cited by Nelson as synonyms under P. Sheldonii Vasey. P. arida and P. Sheldonii are closely related to each other but P. juncifolia is more closely related to P. laevigata. In Festuca the following species have been collected in the Rocky Mountains: F. pacifica in Utah and Idaho, F. reflexa in Utah, F. megalura in Idaho, F. ovina calligera Piper in Utah, P. idahoensis Piper in Idaho, F. viridula Vasey in Idaho, and F. dasyclada in Utah. Festuca Thurberi is one of the best species in the genus, characterized by its long acuminate ligules. It stands in the same relationship to F. campestris and F. scabrella, as Poa longiligula does to Poa Fendleriana and P. brevipanicitlata. 106 Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora I regard the subgenus Hesperochloa of Festuca, proposed by Piper, as representing a distinct genus and here propose it as such. HESPEROCHLOA (Piper) Rydb. gen. nov. Festuca subgenus Hesperochloa Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. lo: ID. 1906. Densely tufted dioecious perennial, occasionally stoloniferous. Inflorescence a narrow panicle. Spikelets turgid, 3-5-flowered; rachilla scabrous on the basal half. Empty glumes 2, broadly lanceolate, subscarious, shining, the lower i -nerved, the upper 3-nerved. Floral glumes ovate, acuminate, rounded on the back, faintly nerved. Petals scabrous-ciliate on the keels. Styles obso- lete; stigmas hispidulous on all sides, not plumose; ovary deeply sulcate near the apex, sparsely hispidulous; grain beaked and bidentate at the apex. Hesperochloa Kingii (S. Wats.) Rydb. comb. nov. Poa (?) Kingii S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 387. 1871. Festuca confinis Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club ii: 126. 1884. Festuca Kingii Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Agrost. Bull. 5: 36. 1897. Not Festuca Kingiana (Endl.) Steud. 1855. Festuca Watsonii Nash, Britt. Man. 148. 1901. This was originally described as a doubtful Poa and afterwards transferred to Festuca because the floral glumes are rounded on the back. There are, however, certain characters in the stigmas and the grains that make it fit poorly in either genus. In both Poa and Festuca the stigmas are plumose, that is, the branches are spreading bilaterally, while in Hesperochloa the short bristlelike branches stand out in all directions, a condition rather rare among the grasses. Hordeum caespitosiim Scribn. is found locally throughout the range, H. montanense was described from Montana, H. miirinum and H. Aegicerashsixeheen introduced and are locally established especially in Utah. Sitanion Raf . is a very perplexing genus, and it is very doubtful if the many species proposed by J. G. Smith can be upheld. It is evident that S. longifoliiim and S. hrevifolium are but local forms of one species, depending on the amount of moisture. As this species is the only one found anywhere near the type locality of Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 107 5. elymoides Raf., I think that the latter name should supplant the other two. S. lanceolatum J. G. Smith from Montana and S. marginatum Scribn. & Merrill from Wyoming are the two species of the range best differentiated and seem to connect the genus with Elymus. S. insulare was described from north- eastern Utah, and 5. ciliatum has been collected in Wyoming. ARACEAE This family is omitted altogether in the New Manual, although Acor^is Calamus is recorded in my Flora of Colorado and Lysichiton camtscJiatcense (L.) Schott in my Flora of Montana. The former has also been collected in Montana by Butler. LEMNACEAE Lemna perpusilla Torr. is included by Nelson in his Manual with the remarks: "Frequent; northern Wyoming to New York." So far as I know this is wholly an eastern species. Specimens so labeled from the Rockies, which have come under my observation, are L. minor, L. minima, or L. cyclostasa, which all have been confused with it. COMMELINACEAE Professor Nelson admits two species of Tradescantia and gives the following key: Freely branched ; filaments folded ; ovary pubescent in riblike lines, i . T. laramiensis. Simple; filaments straight; ovary pubescent at the apex. 2. T. occidentalis. If these characters hold, as to separating the two species known to Professor Nelson, the second one is not T. occidentalis, for the specimen designated by Dr. Britton as the type of Trades- cantia virginica occidentalis, viz., Rydberg 1380, from Thedford, Nebraska, has a branched stem and an ovary pubescent not only at the apex but almost to the base. It is not exactly like the type of T. laramiensis, however, for the lateral branches are shorter than the stem proper, the sepals are broader, the leaves broader, and the plant more glandular. In T. laramiensis the lateral branches about equal the stem, giving the plant a flat top. If these are specific characters, I do not know. If the two species of the New Manual are distinct, the second one should bear the name T. universitatis Cockerell, for it was this form that Professor Cocke rell described. 108 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora Under the second species is given the following synonym and remark: "(7". scopiilorum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 205. 1899, as to the specimens from Colorado and northward)." This would have been correct if the word " mainly " had been inserted, for I have seen at least one specimen from Colorado that I refer without hesitation to T. scopiilorum* The latter differs from the other species of the region by its glabrous or nearly glabrous sepals, its smaller petals, only 10 mm. long, and its subglobose capsule. There is also another species, which should have been included, viz., T. hracteata Small, the type of which was from the Blagk Hills. MELANTHACEAE Tofieldia occidentalis S. Wats, has been collected in Idaho; T. coccinea Richards, in the Canadian Rockies; Stenanthella occi- dentalis and Veratruni EschscJwltzianum in Montana and Idaho. To me both Zygadentis d-ilatatus Greene and Z. alpinus Blankin- ship seem to be but synonyms of Z. elegans Pursh or Anticlea ele- gans Rydb. Anticlea porrifolia (Greene) Rydberg {Zygadenus porri- folius Greene) was collected last summer in southeastern Utah. So also an undescribed species: Anticlea vaginata sp. nov. Perennial, growing in big clumps; cormlike rootstock fully 2 cm. thick; stem 7-10 dm. high, at the base covered with numerous scarious sheaths; leaf blades linear, 3-7 dm. long, 6-10 mm. wide, with numerous veins; inflorescence paniculate, branched; lower bracts linear or subulate, 3-6 cm. long, green, the upper ones ovate, 5-10 mm. long, white; pedicels 5-10 mm. long, often recurved; petals and sepals white, elliptic, obtuse, 7-8 mm. long, usually 7-nerved, the former sometimes a little longer than the latter; filaments linear-subulate, broad at the base, white, slightly shorter than the sepals; anthers nearly round; styles slightly exceeding the perianth, curved. This differs from the other species of Anticlea in its habit of growing in big clumps, and in its numerous loose sheaths at the base of the stem. In the perianth segments it resembles A. colora- densis, and A . porrifolia in the few veins, the segments are smaller than in the former and broader than in the latter. It resembles * Garrett and myself collected it also in southeastern Utah last summer. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 109 also A. porrifolia in the branched inflorescence but has shorter pedicels and broader leaves. A. vaginata grew in loose rich soil under overhanging canyon walls. Utah: Armstrong Canyon, near the Natural Bridges, August 4-6, 1911, Rydberg & Garrett Q40'/ (type in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Professor Nelson gives Zygadenus gramineits Rydb. as a synonym of Z. venenosus S. Wats. It is evidently Z. grajnineus he described, although some modification was made. Z. vene- nosus is not found in Wyoming, the most eastern stations known are in the Snake River Valley of western Idaho. It is charac- terized by the long-clawed petals and sepals and the thick gland. Professor Piper, some years ago, criticized me for redescribing Z. venenosus. I think he referred to Z. intermedins Rydb. After some arguments on both sides he said that he would look up Watson's type. I do not know that he did, but evidently he came to the same conclusion as I, for in his Flora of Washington* he limited the range of Z. venenosus to "British Columbia to California" and hence excluded the Rockies. I have also been criticized for the same thing by Mr. M. E. Jones. Mr. Jonesf remarked: ''Part of his type of Zygadenus intermedius is my No. 2091 from Farmington, Utah. These specimens have no distinct sheath to any of the leaves, except the basal ones. . . . This is a fair sample of Rydberg's accuracy in dealing with Zygadenus. ..." Turning to my original paper, % one may see that /. H. Sandberg 10564 is expressly designated as the type and not Jones 20QI, which I included in the species. I do not know what Mr. Jones' own specimens show, but there are two of Jones' specimens from Farmington distributed under the number 20QI in the Columbia University herbarium and in these even the upper leaves show short sheaths. One leaf attached near the middle of the stem shows a sheath 1.5 cm. long. I do not think that the presence or absence of a sheath on the upper part is a specific character, but this as well as the citing of a wrong type shows that Mr. Jones is not more accurate than I am. For my part, I think that Z. gramineus can not be upheld as a * Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, ii: 198. 1906. t Contr. West. Bot. 12: 77. 26 Mr 1908. t Bull. Torrey Club 27: 536. 1900. 1 1 0 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora species distinct from Z. intermedius, being a dry hill state of the same with smaller flowers and narrower leaves. Z. falcatus Rydb., which Nelson reduced to a synonym, I think is perfectly distinct and nearer related to Z. paniculatiis. It is what has been known as Z. Nuttallii from Colorado. The latter is not found in the range and should have been excluded. I have here used the name Zygadenus, as the species were first described under that name. I have shown that this name belongs to Z. glaherrimus and that the plants here discussed should be known as Toxicoscordion. JUNCACEAE The following species of Junciis are found in the Rockies: Juncus uncialis Greene, /. Jonesii Rydb., /. Regelii Buch., /. Tracyi Rydb., and /. mexicaniis in Utah; J. columhianus Coville and /. Regelii Buch. in Montana; and /. arizonicus in Colorado. Professor Nelson includes Colorado in the range of /. ensifolius Wikstr, I have seen no specimens of it from that state. The best character, beside the difference in the number of stamens, by which one can distinguish this from /. saximontanus, is that the scarious margin of the leaf sheaths in the latter ends in a small auricle, while in J. ensifolius the margin gradually diminishes and disappears in the blade. ALLIACEAE DIPTEROSTEMON gen. nov. Plants with fibrous-coated bulbs, few basal elongated narrow leaves and naked scapes. Flowers in subcapitate umbels; bracts 3-5, membranous, colored, usually purple; perianth funnelform or campanulate, purple; segments united about half their length; lobes elliptic, ascending; stamens six; filaments subulate, adnate to the tube, becoming distinct at the throat; those opposite the sepals naked; those opposite the petals at the base with two lanceolate wings or lobes, surpassing the anthers; anthers basi- fixed; capsule ovate, 3-locular; cells many-seeded. Some of the species formerly included in Brodiaea and lately in Dichelostemma differ from the rest enough, I think, to deserve generic rank. The type of Brodiaea is B. grandiflora Smith. This is the same as Hookera coronaria Salisb., published a few Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 111 months earlier. As the latter is the type of Hookera, Brodiaea becomes a pure synonym. Dr. Greene,* who was the first to segregate into genera the members of Brodiaea taken in the sense of Dr. Watson, retains both genera. Evidently he regarded Smith's second species, Brodiaea congesta, as the type. This can scarcely be done, as B. grandiflora is not only the first species, but it is more extensively described and discussed. Greene himself afterwards discarded Brodiaea and adopted Dichelostemnia, proposed by Kunth on Brodiaea congesta Smith. Alphonso Wood had extended Kunth's genus to include also B. capitata Benth. and B. voluhilis Baker {Stropholirion californicum Torr.). Wood was followed by Greene in including these species in the genus. Stropholirion has been generally recognized as a genus, even by S. Watson. The typical species of Dichelostemma, i. e., D. congesta (Smith) Kunth and its relative D. midtiflora (Benth.) Heller, have only 3 stamens alternating with 3 staminodia and differ from the typical species of Hookera only in the rounded base of the perianth and the subcapitate inflorescence. If they are kept distinct then Seicbertia should be regarded distinct from Triteleia. Brodiaea capitata has 6 fertile stamens with subulate filaments. At the base of each of the inner three there are two lanceolate lobes partly adnate to the perianth, forming together a crown of 6 instead of 3 members. To the new genus proposed here, belong: Dipterostemon capitatus (Benth.) Brodiaea capitata Benth. PI. Hartw. 339. 1857. Dipterostemon paucifiorus (Torr.) Brodiaea capitata pauciflora Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 218. 1859. Dipterostemon insularis (Greene) Brodiaea insidaris Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 134. 1887. Dipterostemon pulchellus (Salisb.) Hookera pidchella Salisb. Parad. 2: pi. 117. i\ New York Botanical Garden. * Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 125-144. 1886. Or. ^ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN -No. 153 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELORA-XXVII By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1912 Reprinted, without change of paging, from the Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 39: 301-328. 23 Jl l'.tl2 I From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 39: 301-328. 19 Jy 1912 Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XXVII Per Axel Rydberg NE'W Vi>}< SALICACEAE OOTa.\«c^ POPULUS HASTATA Dode, Extr. Mon. Gen. Populus (Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun i8:) 64. 1905 Some years ago we were forced to admit one of Dode's species, P. Sargefitii. I say forced, because Dode's paper is presented in such an unscientific way that any one might feel incHned to ignore it altogether. His differentiations are based wholly on the leaf forms, and in very few genera do the leaves show so great variation as in Populus. In working over Mr. Butler's collection of Montana plants I found numerous specimens of a poplar which has usually been regarded as P. halsamifera L., sometimes as P. trichocarpa T. & G. A study of the fruit shows that this poplar has the sessile and 3-carpellary fruit and the large involucral cup of P. trichocarpa, but the capsule is proportionally longer than in that species and perfectly glabrous. The eastern P. halsamifera has evident pedicels and almost always 2-carpellary ovary and much smaller involucral cup. The leaves are usually broader than in P. halsamifera and often subcordate at the base. They resemble much those of P. candicans Ait. in outline but are per- fectly glabrous. P. candicans has also pediceled and 2-carpellary capsules. It is apparent that this species represented by Butler's material is P. hastata of Dode, for he associated it with P. tricho- carpa and pointed out just the characters by which it differs from that species. The name hastata was given in reference to the 301 302 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora form of the young leaves, which he described as being hastate. His idea of the term hastate must have been rather strange, for he figured the different leaf forms, and the form of leaf illustrated as representing the young shoots is elongate-ovate with slightly cordate base. It is represented in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden by the following specimens: Alberta: Bow River, May 26, 1899, McCalla 2236. Montana: Flathead Lake, July 23, 1900, /. W. Blankinship; Columbia Falls, September 14, 1892, R. S. Williams (both deter- mined as P. balsamifera candicans) ; various localities in Montana, Butler 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, IS7. To this may also belong the following, which are in leaf only: Butler 112, iij, 114, ij^, 14/. Idaho: Salubria, July 10, 1899, M. E. Jones 6541 (labeled P. trichocarpa). PopuLUS Besseyana Dode, loc. cit. 38 Another poplar collected by Butler seems to be impossible to identify with any of the accepted species. Butler's material is all in leaf only, but there is in our collection one specimen collected by Miss Isabel Mulford, in Idaho, which evidently belongs here, and this specimen is in fruit. It is evidently related to P. deltoides Marsh., but the leaf shape is different and the pedi- cels are very short, shorter than the capsule. The young stems are perfectly terete, not at all angled; the bases of the leaves of the mature branches are rounded or subcuneate at the base and more or less serrate along the base; the basal glands are small and the petioles flattened. In P. Sargentii Dode the leaves are flabellate-cordate, with an open concave sinus at the base, which is toothless. The leaves resemble much P. acuminata Rydberg but are broader and less cuneate at the base, and in the latter species the petioles are terete. I adopt Dode's name, not because I can definitely identify it by his diagnosis but because his illus- trations of the leaves resemble those of this species. To this belong the following specimens : Idaho: Fish Haven, August 8, 1898, Isabel Mnlford 263. Montana: Delta of Flathead River, Big Forks, Montana,. August 14, 1901, Umhach ig2; and from several localities, Butler 109, III, IIS, 116, 117, 120, 136, 139, 140, 144, 145, 149, 153. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 303 PopuLUS Fremontii Torr. The known range of this species was extended last summer, when it was collected by Professor A. O. Garrett and the writer in and around the town of Moab, southeastern Utah; and speci- mens evidently also belonging to it were seen in the Cottonwood and White canyons about lOO miles farther southwest. Willow hybrids are not uncommon in Europe and rather common in cultivation; but we find very rarely any references to any spontaneous hybrids of American species mentioned. It will therefore not be out of place to record the following specimens probably representing hybrids, although no definite proof can be given of their origin. Salix cordata X S. monticola The shrubs referred here have capsules shorter than in 5. cordata Muhl. but longer than in S. monticola Bebb; the habit and the bark are those of the latter; but the narrow leaves (although less serrate) and the bractlets are those of S. cordata angustata (Pursh) Anders., the form of S. cordata common in the Rockies. The capsules of the specimens seen usually re- mained undeveloped. The staminate catkins resemble most those of S. monticola. S. monticola was growing mixed in with the supposed hybrid. 5. cordata angustata is also growing in the Big Cotton Canyon, although no specimens of it were noticed in the immediate vicinity where the plants were collected. Utah: Big Cottonwood Canyon, below Silver Lake, July ii, 1905, Rydberg 6877, 6878, and 6883; July 4, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 6615. Salix glaucops X S. monticola The specimens resemble S. glaucops Anders, in the capsules and bractlets, but the former are less densely hairy; the leaves are more like those of ^. monticola, being finely serrate, glabrate in age and glaucous beneath; the young branches are somewhat villous. Both S. monticola and S. glaucops are growing in the Big Cottonwood Canyon. Utah: Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake City County, August 23, 1905, A. 0. Garrett 1671. 304 Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora Salix Sandbergii sp. nov. Bark of the branches reddish chestnut brown, finely puberulent when young; leaves oval or elliptic, 2-4 cm. long, densely white- silky on both sides, grayish above, silvery beneath, entire or nearly so; pistillate aments sessile, naked, about 4 cm. long; bractlets purple, obovate-spatulate, 3 mm. long, white-pilose; capsule glabrous, 4-5 mm. long; stipe about 1.5 mm. long; style about 0.5 mm. long; lobes of stigma short. The type was distributed as Salix lasiolepis Benth., to which it is not at all closely related. The leaves resemble somewhat those of S. sitchensis Sanson and S. hella Piper, but the capsule is glabrous and the plant belongs to the S. cordata group. On account of the white leaves it would be placed next to S. Hookeriana Barrett, but the leaves are silky, not villous, and entire, and the aments and capsules are much smaller. It grows on banks of streams. Idaho: Valley of Hatwai Creek, April 28, 1892, Sandherg, MacDougal & Heller 7/ (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). The following species of willows are here recorded for the Rocky Mountain region: Salix erythrocoma Barrett (5. argnta erythrocoma Anderson), S. Incida Muhl., S. Hookeriana Barrett, 5. conjuncta Bebb, 5. MacCalliana Rowley, 6". alexensis (An- ders.) Coville, S. Barrettiana Hook., S. Seemanii Rydb., 5'. Drtimmondiana Barrett, S. arhiiscidoides Anders., S. desertoriim Richards., S. saskatchewana Seem., and S. Fernaldii Blankinship, from the Canadian Rockies south of the 55° parallel; and 5. con- juncta Bebb and S. Fernaldii Blankinship also from Montana. ULMACEAE Celtis rugosa sp. nov. A tree, 5-10 m. high, with rounded crown; bark gray, corky; twigs brownish, pubescent when young; petioles 6-10 mm. long; leaf blades broadly ovate, oblique, 4-7 cm. long, somewhat cordate at the base, short-acuminate, sharply serrate except at the base and at the apex, coriaceous, dark green, very shiny and slightly scabrous above, brownish or yellowish green, dull, puberulent beneath, strongly reticulate and rugose; pedicels 15-25 mm. long; fruit globose, about 8 mm. in diameter, brownish; style short but evident. This species is related to C. reticulata Torr. but differs in its Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 305 longer pedicels (in C. reticulata i cm. long or less) and in its serrate, short-acuminate leaves, which are less pubescent, more shiny, and much less rough above. It grows in gulches and mountain valleys of Colorado. Colorado: Golden, Aug. 29, 1895, P. A. Rydberg (herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; Aug. 30, 1895, C. L. Shear 3263; gulch west of Pen- nock's mountain ranch, May 26, 1897, C. S. Crandall 2254. Celtis occidentalis L. is included in the Rocky Mountain flora by Coulter & Nelson,* but erroneously so, the writer thinks. Celtis Doiiglasii Planchon, C. riigosa, and perhaps also C. reticulata Torr. have been mistaken for it. URTICACEAE Urtica strigosissima sp. nov. Perennial, dioecious; stem i m. high or more, glabrous below, strongly retrorsely strigulose above, but almost without bristles; stipules narrowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate; petioles 2-3 cm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, 3-5-ribbed, sharply serrate, rounded or acute at the base, long-acuminate at the apex, 5-10 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm. wide, finely strigulose beneath; flower clusters slender, the upper almost equalling the leaves; sepals ovate, about equal- ling the achenes. This species resembles U. gracilis Ait. in habit and leaf form, but is more strigose and rarely at all bristly. In pubescence it resembles U. Breweri S. Wats, but has narrower leaves and nar- rowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate, instead of oblong and obtuse, stipules. It grows on river banks at an altitude of 1,000-2,500 m. Idaho: Forest, Nez Perces County, July 29, 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller 34/^ (herb. Columbia University). Urtica viridis sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock, dioecious; stem 1-1.5 m. high, slender, glabrous or sparingly bristly, round-angled; stipules linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 5-8 mm. long; petioles short, one fifth to one third as long as the leaf blades; these from narrowly lanceolate to ovate, coarsely toothed, 4-10 cm. long, thin, light green, almost glabrous; panicles many-flowered, often equalling the upper leaves: sepals oval or ovate, usually half longer than the achenes. * New Man. Bot. Cent. Rocky Mts. 143. 306 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora This species is closely related to U. cardiophylla Rydb. but differs in its narrower leaf blades, shorter petioles, longer and denser inflorescence, and longer sepals. In habit it closely re- sembles U. gracilis but differs in its practically glabrous stem and thinner and more glabrous leaves. Montana: Emigrant Gulch, Aug. 23, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 3935 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); Jack Creek Canyon, July 15, 1897, J9J($,- Jocko Creek, June 10, 1901, D. T. MacDougal 2y5; Melrose, July 6, 1895, P. A. Rydberg 2612; Lima, Aug. 6, 1895, Rydberg 261 j. Wyoming: Halleck Canyon, July 4, 1900, Aven Nelson 7444. Idaho: Priest Lake, July 28, 1900, D. T. MacDougal 235; Cooper's Warm Springs, July 1892, Isabel Midword. Alberta: Rocky Mountains, 1858, E. Boiirgeau. Parietaria occidentalis sp. no v. Annual ; stem slender, erect, simple or branched at the base, long- villous, 1-4 dm. high; leaf blades thin, light green, lanceolate, acute at the base, obtuse at the apex, 1-4 cm. long, 5-18 mm. wide, sparingly pubescent; bracts of the involucre linear, obtuse; sepals oblong or lance-oblong, obtuse or acutish. This species is related to P. pennsylvanica Muhl. but differs in the long hairs of its stem, light green color, and the more obtusish sepals. It grows in moist shaded places. Idaho: Clearwater River, Nez Perces County, May 14, 1892, Sandberg, MacDougal & Heller 176 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) . Washington: Wawawai, May 1897, Elmer 755; Alamota, June 1893, Piper 1507. Nevada: East Humboldt Mountains, August 1868, 5. Watson 1084. POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum biumbellatum sp. nov. Suffruticose perennial, branched at the base; leaves basal, clustered at the ends of the short branches, 2-5 cm. long, short- petioled; blades oblanceolate, finely tomentose on both sides when young, soon glabrate and green on both sides; scapes 2-3 dm. high, sparingly tomentose; involucres in compound umbels; bracts verticillate, similar to the lea\'es but smaller; involucres with a Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 307 turbinate tube, which is about 2 mm. long, sHghtly tomentose; its lobes oblong, i .5-2 mm. long, obtuse; perianth yellow, glabrous, 3-4 mm. long, with a stipelike base; divisions elliptic, obtuse, the outer slightly longer than the inner; filaments ciliate; ovary more or less hairy above, 3-angled. This species is related to E. nmheUatum Torr., E. neglect um Greene (E. umbelliferiim Small), and E. croceum Small. It has the compound inflorescence of the last one, but the leaves are green and glabrate in age and much narrower than in the other species mentioned. Utah: Fish Lake around Twin Creeks, August 8, 1905, Ryd- berg & Carlton 7376, 74og, and 7483; Fish Creek Canyon, August 2, 1909, A. 0. Garrett 2568. Eriogonum idahoense sp. nov. Shrub 4-6 dm. high with gray bark; branches more or less tomentose, erect; leaves 2-3 cm. long, short-petioled; blades ob- lanceolate, white-tomentose beneath, loosely floccose and soon glabrate above; floral branches about i dm. high; inflorescence a compound trichotomous flat-topped cyme; involucres in the axils peduncled; peduncles of the lower forks i cm. long; branches of the cymes short, not over 5 cm. long; involucres turbinate, about 3 mm. long, floccose; lobes about i mm. long, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse; perianth yellow, glabrous, about 2 mm. long, without stipe- like base; fruit unknown. The type was labeled Eriogonum microthecum Nutt., which it resembles in habit, but the flowers are yellow instead of pink or white, and the lobes of the involucres are longer and not scarious- margined. It is more closely related to E. orendense A. Nels. and E. campanulatum Nutt. From the first it is distinguished by the leaves, which are glabrate above, the tall stem, and the more open inflorescence; from E. campanulatum by the tall shrubby habit and the tomentose involucre. Idaho: Wieser, July 7, 1899, M.E. Jones 6511 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Eriogonum. spathuliforme sp. nov. Perennial, shrubby at the base, leaves all near the base; petioles 1-2 cm, long; blades elliptic to spatulate, 1-3.5 cm. long, white- tomentose on both sides, densely so beneath; stem scapiform, 308 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 2-3 dm. high, trichotomously branched, with ascending branches; bracts triangular, 5 mm. long or less; involucres in the lower forks short-peduncled, the rest sessile, glabrous, turbinate, 3 mm. long; lobes rounded, scarious-margined; perianth white, glabrous, 2-2.5 mm. long, campanulate; divisions equal, obovate; filaments slightly hairy below; ovary glabrous. In habit and leaf form this species resembles E. spathulatum A, Gray, but the involucres are glabrous instead of tomentose, and the lower ones are peduncled; the stem is also perfectly glabrous. It differs from E. tristichuni Small and E. salicinuni Greene in its broader leaves and the scarious-margined lobes of the involucre. Jones' specimens are smaller and more cespitose than the type. Utah: Sandy washes near Belknap, June 12, 1900, Stokes (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); Marysvale, August 30, 1894, M. E. Jones 596g (?). Eriogonum depressum (Blankinship) Rydb. comb. nov. Eriogonum ovalifolium depressum Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. Bot. i: 49. 1905. Eriogonum rubiduni frigid nm Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 42: 194. 1906. Dr. J. K. Small has for some years regarded this as a distinct species, and it is found in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden under a manuscript name of his, which, however, was never published. Eriogonum ramosissimum Eastwood is related to E. Wrightii Torr. and does not belong to the corymhosum group, to which it was referred. Eriogonum crassifolium Benth. is the same as the original E. flavum Nutt. V/hat Coulter & Nelson and others have regarded as E. flavum should be known as E. chloranthum Greene. E. aureum Nutt. is the same, but the name was first published as a hyponym, and when finally it was properly published there was already an E. aureum Jones. Torrey and Gray, in their revision of Eriogonum, described E. striatum Benth. as having subequal sepals, and they have been followed by S. Watson and others. Bentham, in his original description of the species, did not mention whether the perianth Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 309 lobes are equal or not, but in his subsequent treatise of the genus in De Candolle's Prodromus he expressly stated that they are unequal. In the only two specimens found in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, in my opinion belonging to E. strictum, the outer perianth lobes are very broadly oval while the inner are oblong. The species should therefore be associated with E. dichotomum Dougl. and not with E. racemosiim Nutt. and E. Wrightii Torr., differing from the first principally in the glabrous involucres. Both E. strictum and E. dicJiotomiim have been collected in Idaho. The genus Eriogonum is represented by over one hundred species in the Rocky Mountain region. The following ones are not recorded either by Coulter & Nelson nor in my Flora of Colo- rado or in my Flora of Montana, but they should be included in the flora: E. androsaceum Benth. in Alberta, Montana, and British Columbia; E. thymoides Benth., E. compositiim Dougl., E. prolif- erum Benth., E. elatum Dougl., E. strict mn Benth., E. spergulinum A. Gray, and E. vimineum Dougl., in Idaho; E. dichotomum in Idaho and Montana; E. micranthiim Nutt., E. nidularium Coville, and E. Baileyi S. Wats., in Idaho and Utah; E. Porteri Small, E. pulvinatmn Small, E. longilobum M. E. Jones, E. ochrocephalum S. Wats., E. villiflornm A. Gray., E. Shockleyi S. Wats., E. poli- folium Benth., E. Thompsonae S. Wats., E. aureum M. E. Jones, E. spatJiulatiim A. Gray, E. leptophyUiim Torr., it. bicolor M. E. Jones, E. clavellatum Small, E. sidcatum. S. Wats., E. Mearnsii Parry, E. ramosissimiim Eastw., E. densum Greene, E. turhinatum Small, E. insigne S. Wats., E. deflexum Torr., E. nutans T. & G., E. Wetherillii Eastw., E. ThomasH Torr., E. subreniforme S. Wats., E. Parryi A. Gray, E. Ordii S. Wats., E. tricho pedum Torr., E. angulosum Benth., and E. puberulum S. Wats., in Utah; E. Hookeri in Utah and Wyoming; E. tenellum Torr. in Colorado; and E. depauperatum Small in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Chorizanthe spathulata Small sp. nov. A more or less branched annual; stem 5-20 cm. high, erect, strigose-canescent ; branches erect, strict; lower leaves petioled, 1.5-3 cm. long; blades broadly spatulate, somewhat fleshy, hirsute- strigose on both sides, rounded and sometimes mucronate at the 310 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora apex; stem leaves few, spatulate or oblanceolate, much smaller; bracts linear or linear-oblanceolate, arcuate-recurved, spinulose- tipped; involucre cylindroprismatic, 5 mm. long, angled and grooved, strigose; lobes 6, subulate, recurved, spinulose-tipped, the alternating ones somewhat narrower; perianth about 2 mm. long, lobes ovate; stamens mostly 3 (?); filaments adnate to the lower part of the perianth. This species is related to C. hrevicornii Torr., and Torrey and Gray included doubtfully Watson's specimens in that species.* It differs in its broader lower leaves and its strict erect branches. Idaho: Big Butte Station, June 23, 1863, Edward Palmer 2jo (type, in herb. Columbia University). Nevada: 1875, -^- G. Lemmon; Big Bend of the Truckee, May 1868, 5. Watson 1044. CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium pratericola sp. nov. Annual ; stem 3-6 dm. high, striate and angled, nearly glabrous; leaves petioled; blades oblong, lanceolate, or elliptic, 2-6 cm. long, 4-18 mm. wide, entire or with a short tooth on each side, usually callous-mucronate, green and nearly glabrous above, more or less mealy beneath, usually distinctly 3-nerved at the base; flowers in small clusters forming rather dense spikes or panicles; sepals scarious-margined, green on the back, slightly carinate; seeds easily separating from the pericarp, black, shining, about 1. 5 mm. in diameter. This has been included in C. leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. by most botanists although sometimes confused with C. oblongifolium (S. Wats.) Rydb. on account of its broad leaf blades. It differs from the former in its broader leaves, which are practically glabrous on the upper side, distinctly 3-nerved at the base, and at least the larger ones often toothed on the margins. From the latter it differs in its thin, more glabra te leaves and less dense inflorescence. Kansas: Riley County, August 2, 1895, /. B. Norton 436 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Nebraska: Middle Loupe River, near Thedford, June 21, 1893, Rydberg 1386; Forks of Dismal River, July ii, 1893, Rydberg 183s; Kearney County, June 13, 1891, Rydberg 318. Missouri: Courtney, June 25, 1896, Bush 367. * See Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 196. 1870. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 311 Idaho: Lewiston, June 13, 1896, Heller 3244. New Mexico: Mesilla, June 3, 1897, Wooton 84. Wyoming: Platte River, July 14, 1894, ^^'^^^ Nelson 483; Snake River, 1900, C. C. Curtis. Arizona: i^-j 6, Palmer 448. Cheno podium succosum A. Nels. is in my opinion a synonym of C. rubrum L., being the common American form thereof, and C. desiccatiim is probably only a small form of C. oblongifolium (S. Wats.) Rydb. Cheno podium lanceolatum Muhl. and C. paganum Reich., the former an eastern plant and the latter a European weed, both often erroneously known as C. viride L., have been collected in Colorado. The original C. viride L. is the same as C. opuHfolium Schrad. of Europe, not known as occurring in this country. C. viride and C. opuHfolium were based on the same illustration. Monolepis spatludata A. Gray has been collected in Idaho. Atriplex odoyitophora Rydb. is not a synonym of A. canescens (Pursh) James but of A. aptera A. Nels. instead. Atriplex buxifolia sp. nov. A suffruticose perennial; stem branched near the base, with simple branches, 3-4 dm. high ; leaves sessile, elliptic or oval, thick, 1-2 cm. long; pistillate flowers in axillary clusters; fruiting bracts ovate, acute, 4-5 mm. long, toothed on the margins, with thick, often flattened processes on the faces. This is related to A. NnttalUi but distinguished by its short oval or elliptic, often fascicled leaves, its simple wandlike branches and small fruit. It grows on dry plains at an altitude of about 1,200 m. Wyoming: Dayton, Sheridan County, September 1899, F. Tweedy 2656 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Atriplex tetraptera fBenth.) Rydb. comb. nov. Obione tetraptera Benth. Bot. Sulph. 48. 1844. This has usually been regarded as the same as A. canescens (Pursh) James but differs in its narrow, linear leaves, only 2-5 mm. wide, in its more strongly reticulate fruit wings, which ha\e a broad sinus at the apex, and in that the free portion of the J312 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora bracts is less than half as long as the width of the wing. It differs from A. occidentalis Torr. in its narrower and sharply toothed wing. Atriplex Garretti sp. nov. A low shrub, with straw-colored branches; leaves short- petioled, oval, 2-3 cm. long, grayish, scurfy on both sides, acute at the base, abruptly acuminate at the apex; flowers in axillary and terminal clusters; bracts about 8 mm. long and about as broad, 4-winged, coarsely toothed and occasionally with a few additional processes, with a broad open sinus at the apex; free portion 1-2 mm. long. The fruit would associate this species with A. canescens, A. occidentalis, and A. tetraptera, but the leaves are quite different in shape. The plant looks in general habit somewhat like A. confertifolia, but the fruiting bracts are altogether different. It grows in arid valleys at an altitude of about 1,200 m. Utah: Vicinity of Moab, July i, 1911, Rydberg & Garrett 8465 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Endolepis phyllostegia (Torr.) Rydb. comb. nov. Obione phyllostegia Torr. in Wats. Bot. King Exp. 291. 187 1. Atriplex phyllostegia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 108. 1874. This species should be transferred from Atriplex to Endolepis, as sepals are present in the pistillate flowers. Eurotia subspinosa sp. nov. A dioecious shrub, 6-10 dm. high; branches ascending or spreading, becoming more or less spinescent, finely grayish steliate- tomentose but without longer hairs; leaves linear or oblong, obtuse, entire, 1-3 cm. long, or the secondary ones only 5 mm. long and comparatively broader, with revolute margins; flower clusters axillary, those of the staminate plant crowded and forming simple leafy spikes; fruiting bracts lanceolate, about 6 mm. long; horns usually about 2 mm. long. This species is more decidedly shrubby than E. lanata (Pursh) Moq. and evidently always dioecious, has ascending or spreading branches, which become spinescent, lacks the long hairs inter- mixed with the stellate pubescence characteristic of E. lanata, and has usually longer horns. In E. lanata the branches are erect, and the plant is shrubby only at the base. The predominantly Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 313 staminate plant has a few pistillate flowers borne on the lower part of the branches. The predominantly pistillate plant has often a few staminate clusters above but is sometimes wholly pistillate. E. subspinosa grows on rocky hills in the desert regions. Utah: Rocky summits, St. George, May 15, 1903, Goodding 810 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); 1874, C. C. Parry 725; 1875, E. Palmer; April 9, 1880, M. E. Jones 1642; Virgin River, 1844, Fremont 440. Arizona: Fort Verde, October 11, 1887, E. A. Mearns 188; Holbrook, August 10, 1897, Myrtle Zuck; Total Wreck Mine, 1903, Thornher 60; Rincon Mountains, Octolier 7, 1900, D. Griffiths 178 1. Nevada: Thousand Spring Valley, September 1868, S. Watson ggo (in part); Muddy Valley, Lincoln County, May 6, 1906, Kennedy of Goodding. California: Mohave Desert, April 1905, Mrs. C. DeKalh; Radsburg, April \^, A. A. Heller 7705; Red Hill, west of Bishop, May i^, A. A. Heller 8253. Sonora: Genaga di San Bernardino, 1855, Schott. Dondia calceoliformis (Hook.) Rydb. comb. nov. Chenopodiiim calceoliformis Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 126. 1838. This, I think, deserves specific rank. It is characterized from D. depressa (Pursh) Britton and D. erccta (S. Wats.) A. Nels. by its broad and short, ovate or ovate-lanceolate bracts oxer 2 mm. wide. AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus pubescens (Uline & Bray) Rydb. comb. nov. Amaranthus graecizans pubescens Uline & Bray, Bot. Gaz. 19: 317. 1894. This probably deserves specific rank. It has been collected in Colorado. Amaranthus carneus Greene and A. calif ornicus S. Wats, should be added to the region. The former has been collected in Montana, and both in Idaho. 314 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora PORTULACACEAE Limnia utahensis sp. nov. Annual; stem 2-15 cm. long; basal leaves petioled; blades spatulate to linear, 1-3 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide; stem leaves connate, forming an oblique, 2-lobed disk, 1-2 cm. broad; inflo- rescence very short, corymbiform; fruiting sepals ovate, acute, 2-3 mm. long, about equalling the pedicels; seeds about 1.5 mm. in diameter, minutely muricate. This species resembles in habit L. depressa (A. Gray) Rydb. and L. spathulata (Dougl.) Heller but differs from the former in the long and narrow blades of the basal leaves and more connate stem leaves, from the latter in the large and broad stem leaves, and from both in the large seeds. Utah: St. George, 1877, Palmer 56 (type, in herb. Columbia University); 1874, C. C. Parry 2j and 24. I have not seen the type of Montia Viae A. Nels.,* but from the description and specimens named by Professor Nelson I judge it is the same as Limnia depressa (Robinson) Rydb.f published a few months earlier. Coulter and Nelson report Calyptridium roseum S. Wats, from western Wyoming, but I think this must be a mistake. Professor A. O. Garrett and myself collected Talinum hrachy- podum S. Wats, in southeastern Utah. Miss A. Eastwood has reported it from the same region. ALSINACEAE Cerastium thermale sp. nov. Cerastium arvcnse fuegianiim Hollick & Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 14: 50. 1887. Not Hook. 1854. Cerastium fjiegianum A. Nels.; Coult. & Nels. New Man. Bot. Rocky Mts. 184. 1899. Densely cespitose perennial; stems decumbent at the base, 5-10 cm. long, viscid-puberulent; leaves yellowish green, less than I cm. long, lanceolate, acute, or the lower oblong or spatulate and often obtuse, coriaceous, with a very thick midrib, finely viscid- puberulent; cymes 1-7-flowered, usualh' condensed and with short pedicels; sepals 4 mm. long, glandular-puberulent, ovate, scarious- * Bot. Gaz. 42: 48. 1906. t Bull. Torrey Club 33: 139. 1906. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 315 margined; petals about 5 mm. long; capsule about 6 mm. long, slightly curved near the upper end. This is Cerastium arvense fiiegianum HoUick & Britton, but not that of Hooker. It differs from C. strict um L., its nearest relative, in the low, depressed stem, yellowish herbage, thicker and smaller leaves, the lower of which are often obtuse, and the smaller more condensed flowers. It grows on geyser formations in the Yellow- stone National Park, at an altitude of about 2,000 m. Wyoming: Lower Geyser Basin, Aug. 4, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4025 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); Aug. 11, 1872, J. M. Coulter. Alsine Palmeri sp. nov. A cespitose perennial; stems several, spreading, 5 cm. high or less, glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 mm. long, fleshy, acute; cyme 3-7-flowered ; bracts lanceolate, green; sepals lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long, acute; petals about equalling the sepals. The type was named SteUaria borealis by Dr. Watson but is evidently not closely related to it. A . Palmeri has the thick lea\es of A. Edivardsii (R. Br.) Rydb., but the midribs are not prominent, the flowers smaller, the sepals decidedly acute, and the petals only about equalling the sepals in length. Utah: Beaver Valley, 1877, E. Palmer 54 (type, in herb. Columbia University). Alsine alpestris (Fries) Rydb. comb. nov. Stellar ia alpestrisY vies, ^IsiWt. 1: 10. 1832. Alsine strictiflora Rydb. nom. nov. SteUaria stricta Richards. Frankl. Jour. ed. 2. App. 15. 1823. Not Alsine stricta Wahlenb. 1812. This is the SteUaria longipes of most western reports and of Coulter & Nelson's New Manual. It has a short pod and acute sepals, while the original SteUaria longipes Goldie has the pods twice as long as the obtuse sepals. If I am not mistaken the latter is the same as SteUaria valida Goodding. Alsine subvestita (Greene) Rydb. comb. nov. Stellaris subvestita Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 42. 1901. 316 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora Arenaria cephaloidea sp. nov. Somewhat cespitose perennial; stem strict, 2-4 dm. high, glabrous; lea\'es glabrous, erect, filiform-subulate, 3-10 cm. long; flowers in dense headlike cymes; bracts lanceolate, often i cm. long, scarious except the thick midrib, scabrous-ciliolate; sepals similar or somewhat broader, 4-5 mm. long; petals oblong, about half longer than the sepals. This is related to A. congesta Nutt. but differs in its narrower bracts, which are wholly scarious, except the midrib, and scabrous- ciliolate on the margins; also in its larger flowers, stricter stem, and less cespitose base. Washington: Spokane, Sept. 10, 1902, 0. Kreager 6iy (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); Clark Springs, July 17, 1902, Kreager 100; Loon Lake, July 20, 1897, /. B. Winston; Spokane County, June 27, 1884, Siiksdorf. Idaho: Lake Coeur d'Alene, June and July 1892, G. B. Aiton; Little Potlatch River, June 2, 1892, Saridberg, MacDougal & Heller 478. Arenaria lithophila Rydb. comb. nov. Arenaria subcongesta lithophila Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i: 148. 1900. This, I think, deserves specific rank. Some of the specimens recorded as A. subcongesta (S. Wats.) Rydb. should also be referred to it. Alsinopsis dawsonensis (Britt.) Rydb. comb. nov. Arenaria dawsonensis Britt. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 169. 1901. This species has been collected in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Alsinopsis pusilla (S. Wats.) Rydb. comb. nov. Arenaria pusilla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 367. 1882. This species has been collected in Idaho. Arenaria laxiflora nom. nov. Arenaria Fendleri diffusa Porter, Syn. Fl. Colo. 13. 1874. Not A. diffusa Ell. 1818. Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora 317 Ammodenia oblongifolia (T. & G.) Rydl). comb. nov. Arcnaria pepJoidcs major Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i: 102. ^831. Ilonckenya oblongifolia T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 176. 1838. Arcnaria sitchcnsis Dietr. Syii. PI. 2: 1565. 1840. B. T. Butler has collected in Montana what seems toheAre- naria laricifolia L. At least it is the same plant as the one col- lected by Turner on the Porcupine River, Alaska, on the strength of which A . laricifolia is included in the American flora. Sagina occidcntalis S. Wats, has been collected in Idaho by Lei berg. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Wahlber(;ella Fries, Bot. Not. 1843: 143. 1843 The treatment of the Silenoid genera of this family has been very different in this country and in Europe. S. Watson and B. L. Robinson admitted only two genera, Silenc and Lychnis, while Pax* admitted beside Silene the genera Lychnis, Melan- dryuni, and Viscaria, and Williamsf admitted Lychnis, Coronaria, Viscaria, Eudianthe, and Melandrium. The only distinction given by Watson and Robinson is the number of styles, in Silene 3, in Lychnis 5, but Robinson admits that in some species of Silene the styles are sometimes 4 or 5. The number of styles is therefore not a very relial)le character. Continental authors usually dif- ferentiate Silene from Melandrium (by Americans included in Lychnis) by the partially septate capsule of the former. According to Robinson this character is unreliable in our American species. Perhaps the species included in Silene without septum should be removed to Melandrium or to Eudianthe. As these doubtful species are not found in the Rockies, I shall give no opinion on them here. It is e\'ident that the genus Lychnis as treated in America is an unnatural and composite group. Williams' treatment is perhaps the most logical. Pax included our native American species of Lychnis in Melandrium but divided the genus in three subgenera. One of these subgenera corresponds to Eudianthe with only 3 styles. The other two subgenera corresiwnd to the original species of Melandrium and the genus Wahlbergella of Fries, * Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 3: ib: 70, 73- 1889. t Jour. Bot. 31: 170, 171- 1893. 318 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora respectively. The typical species of Lychnis have 5-valved capsules with entire valves. In the typical species of Melandrium the valves are 2-cleft at the apex. In Wahlbergella the valves are also more or less notched. In that respect the species belong rather to Melandrium than to Lychnis. But the typical species of Melan- drium are dioecious plants with ample long-exserted petals and of a different habit from that of our native species. These all have hermaphrodite flowers with very small and inconspicuous or even no petals. In my opinion the genus Wahlbergella should be taken up for our native species usually included in Lychnis. Lychnis Drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats, is somewhat different in habit and fruit and was referred to Elisanthe by Ruprecht, but I think it can well be included in Wahlbergella. Of course L. striata Rydb. is closely related to it and should be referred to the same genus, whatever disposition of it is made. The species of Wahlbergella in America are as follows: Wahlbergella Drummondii (Hook.) Rydb. comb. nov. Silene Drummondii Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i: 89. 1830. Elisanthe Drummondii Rupr. Fl. Cauc. i: 200. 1869. Lychnis Drummondii S. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 37. 1871. Wahlbergella striata R\'db. comb. nov. Lychnis striata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club. 31: 408. 1904. Wahlbergella triflora (Vahl) Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 155. 1845 Lychnis triflora R. Br. Ross. Voy. App. CXLII (hyponym). 18 19. Melandrium trifloruni Vahl, in Liebni. Fl. Dan. 14"': 5. 1843. Wahlbergella Taylorae (Robinson) Rydb. comb. nov. Lychnis Taylorae Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 150. 1893. Wahlbergella affinis (Vahl) Fries, Bot. Not. 1843: 143. 1843 Lychnis affinis Vahl, in Fries, Nov. Mant. 3: 36. 1842. Melandrium affine Vahl, in Liebm. Fl. Dan. 14"*": 5. 1843. Wahlbergella montana (S. Wats.) R\ db. comb. nov. Lychnis montana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 247. 1877. Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora 319 Wahlbergella Kingii (S. Wats.) Rydb. comb, nov. Lychnis Kingii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 247. 1877. Wahlbergella attenuata (Farr) Rydb. comb. nov. Lychnis attenuata Farr, Contr. Bot. Lab. VnW. Pa. 2: 419. 1904. Wahlbergella Parryi (S. Wats.) Rs'db. comb. nov. Lychnis Parryi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 248. 1877. Wahlbergella apetala (L.) Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 155. 1845 Lychnis apetala L. Sp. PI. i: 437. 1753. Melandryum apetalum Fenzl; in Ledeb. Fl. Ross, i: 326. 1842. Wahlbergella imiflora Fries, Bot. Not. 1843: 143. 1843. RANUNCULACEAE Ranunculus rivularis sp. nov. Ranunculus repens S. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 9. 1871. A perennial with a fascicle of fibrous roots; stem hirsute, pro- ducing long stolons sometimes over i m. long, rooting at the nodes and there producing plantlets; leaves ternate, 5-15 cm. wide, divisions petiolate, ovate, usually truncate or subcordate at the base, 3-cleft and coarsely toothed; petals rounded-obovate, about 4 mm. long, scarcely equalling the sepals; head of fruit globose; achenes glabrous, beaks about one third their length. The type was determined as R. repens L. by Dr. Watson, but is not so closely related to that species as to R. Macounii Britton. It was probably on account of the creeping and rooting habit that it was referred to the former. The small petals should at a glance have revealed the error, for in R. repens the petals are large and rounded, much exceeding the sepals. R. Macounii is occasionally decumbent but not rooting, and the outline of the leaflets or divisions is different and the beak about one half as long as the body of the achenes. My own specimens from Kimball, Nebraska, had stems over i m. long. It grows on wet river banks. Nevada: Huntington Valley, August 1868, S. Watson 27 (type, in herb. Columbia University). Arizona: Clark Valley, August 1883, Rusby. Nebraska: Kimball, August 12, 1891, Rydberg/. Texas- 1S51 Wright 8 ^q. 320 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora Thalictrum columbianum sp. nov. A plant resembling T. venulosiim Trelease in habit; stem 3-5 dm. high; leaves 2-4 times ternate, petioled except the uppermost; leaflets rather crowded, thick, and veiny, 1-2 cm. long, cuneate to nearly orbicular, 3-lobed and deeply toothed; inflorescence narrow; achenes oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, somewhat flattened, 4-5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide; veins strong, but not corky, and with broad and shallow grooves between. The western specimens referred to T. venulosiim by Dr. W, Trelease belong to this species, which differs mainly in the structure of the achenes, these approaching those of T. megacarpum Torr. Washington: Loomiston, August 1897, Elmer 5qq (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; Yakima County, 1892, Henderson 2376. Idaho: Pend d'Oreille River, 1861, Lyall; Lake Waha, July 1896, A. A. & E. Gertrude Heller 3361; De Lamar, July 7, 1892, Miss Mulford. Oregon: 1886, Ciisick 1337. Delphinium Leonardi sp. nov. A perennial with a tuberous root; stem 2-5 dm. high, viscid- pubescent, especially above; blades of the basal leaves 4-5 cm. wide, dissected into oblong, obtuse divisions, more or less viscid- pubescent; upper leaves with linear, acute divisions; lower pedicels 4-8 cm. long, ascending; sepals dark blue, oblong, obtuse or the upper acute; spur about 2 cm. long, slightly 5-curved; upper petals whitish, veined with blue, emarginate; lower petals blue, w'ith short lobes; follicles over 2 cm. long, curved, viscid-pubes- cent or in age glabrate ; seeds dark brown, wing-margined. It grows on river banks and beaches at an altitude of 1,800- 2,400 m. It is related to D. hicolor Nutt. but differs in its longer spur, which is half longer than the obtuse instead of acute lateral sepals. Utah: Garfield, May 30, 1884, Leonard 20 j (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); City Creek Canyon, April 21 and May 17, 1883, Leonard 32 and 24. Delphinium coelestinum sp. nov. A perennial with a short rootstock and strong woody roots; stem 3-5 dm. high, glabrous or slightly pubescent above, leafy; leaves long-petioled ; blades about 3 cm. broad, sparingly pubescent, Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 321 divided to the base into 3-5 narrowly cuneate di\isions, these again cleft into linear-oblong, obtuse, mucronate lobes; sepals light blue, slightly pubescent outside, oblong, obtusish, about I cm. long; spur about i cm. long, usually somewhat curved; upper petals 8 mm. long, yellowish white, slightly lobed; lower petals light blue, with obtusish, wavy lobes; follicles 8-10 mm. long, slightly puberulent, nearly straight. This species is related to D. scaposuni but differs in its more leafy stem and in the more deeply dissected basal leaves with narrower segments. It grows in arid places. Utah: Southern Utah, 1877, Palmer 11 (type, in herb. Columbia University). Arizona: i8y6, Palmer j. Delphinium xylorrhizum sp. nov. A perennial with a stout woody root, related to D. scaposum- but not at all scapiform; stem 2-3 dm. high, glabrous; leaves petioled, glabrous, fleshy; blades of the basal ones divided into 3-5 broadly cuneate divisions, these cleft and lobed with ovate or rounded lobes; stem leaves with linear-oblong lobes; sepals dark blue, oval, obtuse, pubescent outside; spur stout, about 15 mm. long; upper petals yellowish, about 7 mm. long, slightly cleft, with obtuse lobes; lower petals blue, with sinuate, obtuse lobes; follicles canescent-strigose. This species differs from D. scaposum Greene in its leafy stem and its strigose follicles. It grows on clayey hillsides. Montana: Lima, July i, 1895, Shear 342g (type, in herb. N.Y.Bot. Garden). Delphinium Helleri sp. nov. A perennial with a short rootstock and fleshy roots; stem about 3 dm. high, viscid-pubescent throughout, few-leaved; leaf blades 3-5 cm. broad; the lower dissected into linear, obtuse divisions, more or less viscid-pubescent; the upper with narrowly linear, acute divisions; flowers few; the lower pedicels 4-6 cm. long, ascending; bractlets subulate, inserted some distance below the calyx; sepals dark blue, more or less pubescent, oval, about 15 mm. long; spur 2-2.5 cm. long, straight and attenuate; upper petals blue, tinged with yellow only on the lower edge, entire or slightly cleft, lower petals blue, with acute, crenate lobes; follicles viscid-pubescent, nearly straight, 2 cm. long. 322 Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora This is related to D. bicolor, but the upper petals are dark blue and the spur is much longer. Idaho: Lewiston, April 1896, A. A. ef E. Gertrude Heller 2Qji (type, in herb. Columbia University) ; region of Coeur d'Alene Mountains, June 24, 1895, Leiherg loji. Delphinium viscidum sp. nov. Perennial with a woody root; stem about 3 dm. high, grayish strigose below, densely glandular- viscid above; leaf blades 5-7 cm. broad, densely grayish strigose, dissected into narrowly linear lobes; inflorescence branched; sepals dark blue, 12-15 mni. long, oblong, acute; spur 10-12 mm. long, somewhat 5-curved; upper petals yellowish, tinged with blue, obtuse, entire; lov/er petals dark blue, with obtuse, sinuate lobes; follicles densely stri- gose. This species is related to D. midtiflorum and D. reticulatum, but the leaves are finely dissected as in D. Geyeri and D. scopulorum. Wyoming: Near Tie Siding, July 6, 1896, Osterhout (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; Evanston, August 1878, Harry Edwards. BRASSICACEAE Lepidium hirsutum nom. nov. Lepidium intermedium v. puhescens Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 157. 1880. Not L. pubescens Desv. 18 14. Lepidium medium puhescens Robinson, Syn. Fl. i^- 127. 1895. Lepidium virginiciim subsp. texanum v. pubescens Thell. Mitt. Univ. Zurich 28: 230. 1906. Physaria lanata (A. Nels.) Rydb. comb. nov. Physaria didymocarpa lanata A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 241. 1904. This, I think, deserves specific rank, but P. grandiflora Blankin- ship is nothing but the typical P. didymocarpa. Radicula trachycarpa (A. Gray) Rydb. comb. nov. Nasturtium trachycarpum A. Gray, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. 2: 233. 1876. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 323 Cheirinia Link, Enum. Hurt. Berol. 2: 170. 1822 The type of the genus Erysimum (Tourn.) L. is E. officinale L., usually known under the name Sisymbrium officinale Scop. If the genus which has usually passed under the name Erysimum is regarded as distinct from Cheiranthiis, it must be known under another name. The oldest available name is Cheirinia, with Erysimum cheiranthoides as the type. As I regard the Rocky mountain species well distinct generically from the wallflower of Europe, I adopt Cheirinia as the name for the genus. Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 170. 1822 Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Sp. PI. 661. 1753. Cheiranthus cheiranthoides Heller, Cat. N. Am. PI. 4. 1898. Cheirinia syrticola (Sheld.) Rydb. comb. nov. Erysimum syrticolum Sheld. Bull. Torrey Club 20: 285. 1893. Cheiranthus syrticola Greene, Pittonia 3: 136. 1896. Cheirinia inconspicua (S. Wats.) Rydb. comb. nov. Erysimum parviflorum Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 95. 1838. Not E. parviflorum Pers. 1807. Erysimum asperum inconspicuum S. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 24. 1871. Erysimum inconspicuum, MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Valley 268. 1892. Cheiranthus inconspicuus Greene, Vxttomdi. ^: 134. 1896. Cheirinia arida (A. Nels.) Rydb. comb. nov. Cheiranthus aridus A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 351. 1899. Cheirinia aspera (Nutt.) Rydb. comb. nov. Cheiranthus asper Nutt. Gen. N. Am. PI. 2: 69. 1818. Erysimum asperum DC. Syst. 2: 505. 1821. Cheirinia elata (Nutt.) Rydb. comb. nov. Erysimum elatum Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 95. 1838. Cheiranthus elatus Greene, Pittonia 3: 135. 1896. 324 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora Cheirinia asperrima (Greene) Rydb. comb. nov. Cheiranthns asperrimus Greene, Pittonia 3 : 133. 1896. Cheirinia oblanceolata Rydb. comb. nov. Erysimum oblanceolatum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 557. 1904. Cheirinia Bakeri (Greene) Rydb. comb. nov. Cheirarith us arid us Greene, ¥\ttoma ^•. 198. 1900. Not C. aridus A. Nels. 1899. Cheiranthiis Bakeri Greene, Pittonia 4: 235. 1901. Erysimum Bakeri Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 141. 1906. Cheirinia argillosa (Greene) Rydb. comb. nov. Cheirantinis argillosus Greene, Pittonia 3: 136. 1896. Erysimum argillosum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 141. 1906. Cheirinia nivaUs (Greene) Rydb. comb. nov. Cheiranthus nivalis Greene, Y'xttonm ^■. 137. 1896. Erysimum nivale Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 558. 1904, Cheirinia radicata Rydb. comb. no\-. Erysimum radicatum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 558. 1904. Cheirinia Wheeleri (Rothr.) Rydb. comb. nov. Erysimum Wheeleri Rothr. Rep. U. S. Geog. & Geol. Surv. 6 : 64. 1878. Cheiranthus Wheeleri Greene, Fittonia 3: 135. 1896. Erysimum asperum alpestre Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 168. 1891. Erysimum alpestre Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 277. 1901. Cheirinia amoena (Greene) Rydb. comb. nov. Cheiranlhus nivalis amoenus Greene, Pittonia 3: 137. 1896. Erysimum amoenum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 143. 1906. Cheirinia Pallasii (Pursh) Rydb. comb. nov. Cheiranlhus Pallasii Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 436. 18 14. Cheiranlhus pygmaeus Adams, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 5: 144, 1817. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 325 Hesperis pygmaeus Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i: 60. 1830. Erysimum pygmaeum J. Gay, Erysim. Nov. 4. 1842. Cheirinia brachycarpa sp. nov. Biennial; stem 3-6 dm. high, from a taproot, grayish canescent, somewhat striate; leaves all linear-spatulate or oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, sparingly canescent; the lower petioled and often mi- nutely denticulate, the upper ones mostly entire; sepals oblong, about I cm. long, yellowish green; petals nearly 2 cm. long; claw long and slender; blades rounded-obovate, about 7 mm. wide, bright yellow; fruiting pedicels about 8 mm. long, strongly ascend- ing; pods erect, 4-6 cm. long, 2.5 mm. thick; beak about i mm. long. This species resembles C. oblanceolata, but the pod is much thicker and shorter and the flowers larger. It differs from C. aspera in its ascending, not divergent, and shorter pod. It grows on dry hillsides at an altitude of 2,500-3,000 m. Utah: Abajo Mountains, August 17-20, iQii, Rydberg &" Garrett Q/13 (type, in herb. N. Y. Hot. Garden, flowers and young fruit); Qydj (well-developed fruit); Cottonwood Canyon, June 27 and July i, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 6333 and 6570. Sophia leptostylis sp. nov. Annual; stem 3-6 dm. high, rather simple below, sparingly stellate-pubescent or glabrous; leaves 3-10 cm. long, obovate in outline, twice pinnatifid, with oblong divisions, sparingly stellate- pubescent; the uppermost reduced and with narrower lobes; flowers numerous; sepals elliptic, yellow, 1-1.5 mm. long; petals spatulate, a little surpassing the sepals; pedicels in fruit 5-8 mm. long, spreading-ascending; pods about 5 mm. long, tapering to each end, nearly erect, somewhat curved; styles 0.5-0.7 mm. long; seeds more or less in two rows. This resembles somewhat 5. procera, especially in the form of the pods, but the inflorescence is more open and the pedicels more spreading. It grows at an altitude of 2,000-3,000 m. Utah: Big Cottonwood Canyon, July 4, 1905, Rydberg & Carl- ton 662Q (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden); also June 29, 64g8, and July 8, 6806; Big Cottonw^ood Canyon, June 1905, Garrett 1361; near Milford, June 22, 1905, Rydberg df Carlton 6283; moun- tains north of Bullion Creek, near Marysvale, July 23, Rydberg &' 326 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora Carlton 628 j; Fish Lake, August 2, 1909, Garrett 2578; Elk Moun- tains, August 8, 191 1, Rydberg & Garrett 9552; Head of Dry Wash, August II, 191 1, 9628; Mount Ellen, July 25, 1894, M. E. Jones 5684g; Logan Canyon, June 28, 1910, C. P. Smith 2226. Arabis MacDougalii sp. nov. Perennial; stem 4-6 dm. high, simple below, densely stellate- pubescent; basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, entire or denticulate, densely stellate-pubescent; stem leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, sagittate at the base; sepals oblong, stellate-pubescent; petals white, oblanceolate, 5-6 mm. long; pedicels in fruit reflexed, 5-10 mm. long; pods finely stellate- pubescent, reflexed, 4-5 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; seeds in one row. This species is related to A. suhpinnatifida but differs in its smaller white petals and its entire leaves. Montana: Old Sentinel, near Missoula, June 12, 1901, Mac- Dougal 191 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). Nevada: King Canyon, Ormsby County, June 4, 1902, C. F. Baker 986 (referred here doubtfully). Arabis brevisiliqua sp. nov. Biennial; stems 3-4 dm. high, sparingly stellate-pubescent below, otherwise glabrous; basal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, finely stellate-pubescent; stem leaves linear, sagittate at the base, glabrous; sepals scarious-margined, 3 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so; petals purplish, about 6 mm. long; pedicels in fruit 3-5 mm. long, recurved pods 2-3 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, glabrous; seeds in two rows. This species resembles .4. lignifera A. Nels., but the pod is much shorter, less than 3 cm. long, with the seeds in two rows, and the sepals are glabrous instead of stellate-pubescent. British Columbia: Skagit Valley, July 6, 1905, /. M. Macoun 70825 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden) ; near international boundary, between Kettle and Columbia rivers, July 16, 1902, J. M. Macoun 63496. Alberta: Trail to Lake O'Hara, Augusts, 1904, John Macoun 64S17 in part. Parrya platycarpa sp. nov. Parrya niacrocarpa S. Wats. Bot. King Exp. 14. 1871. Not P. macrocarpa R. Br. 1821. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 327 Perennial with a stout caudex; leaves basal, runcinate, more or less glandular-hirsutulous, thick, 6-8 cm. long, oblanceolate in outline; scape 1-1.5 dm. long, glandular-hirsutulous; sepals ob- long, 8 mm. long, saccate at the base; petals 15-18 mm. long, purplish; claws long, exceeding the sepals; blades obovate; fruit- ing pedicels 8-15 mm. long, ascending; pod erect, glandular-his- pidulous, 3-4 cm. long, 6-7 mm. wide, acute at both ends, slightly constricted between the seeds, these broadly winged, 3-4 mm. wide. This is characterized by its deeply lobed leaves, the hispidulous pubescence, the broad hispidulous pod, and the longer narrow petals with slender claws. Utah: Uintah Mountains, August 1869, 5". Watson 54 (type, in herb. Columbia University); also August 1889 and Aug. ii, 1890, M. E. Jones. Smelowskia lobata sp. nov. A densely cespitose perennial; earlier basal leaves cuneate or oblanceolate, merely lobed, with oblong divisions or even some of the earliest entire; the rest of the leaves pinnatifid, densely white stellate-fioccose; stem i dm. high or less; sepals densely villous, 3 mm. long, ovate, acute; petals white, clawed; blades rounded-obovate; pod glabrous, about 56 mm. long, oblanceolate, tapering at the base; style very short. This species has the pubescence of 5. ovata, but the pod is taper- ing at the base. It has whiter and longer pubescence than ^S". americana, and the pod is much shorter. It differs from both in the shape of the earlier leaves. Alberta: Northern Rocky Mountains, Boiirgean, Palliser Expedition (type, in herb. Columbia University). Montana: Midvale, June 28 and July 9, 1903, Umbach 206 and 325. Mackenzie: Richardson (Franklin's Journey). Draba pectinata (S. Wats.) Rydb. comb. nov. Draha glacialis pectinata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23 : 260. 1888. This has been confused with D. andina Nutt. and D. densiflora Nutt., but it is easily distinguished by the lea^■es. They are scarcely stellate-pubescent, merely strongly ciliate on the margins and with an incurved tip. In the other two species the leaves 328 Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora are densely stellate-pubescent and their tips not incur\ed but spreading. The pods of D. andina and D. pectinata are nearly the same, but that of D. densiflora is larger and more elongated. Nelson, in the New Manual of the Central Rocky Mountain Region, cited Draha tiher A. Nels., D. aiireformis Rydb., and D. deciimbcns Rydb. as synonyms of D. luteola Greene. The spe- cies he described under that name is evidently D. a urea Vahl, of which D. uher apparently is a synonym. D. luteola and D. aiireformis, on the contrary, are closely related to D. surcidifera A. Nels. but have light yellow flowers. A " conservati\'e " botanist would unite the three. D. decumhens Rydb. is not closely related to either. Very likely Professor Nelson had not seen a specimen of the last named. Fortunately, Draba lapilntea A. Nels. and D. yellow stonensis A. Nels. become synonyms of D. praealta Greene. Draha deflexa Greene has erroneously become D. reflcxa in the New Manual. New York Botanical Garden. tr/ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN — No. 156 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XXVIII By per axel RYDBERG NEW YORK 1913 Reprinted, without change of paging, from the Bclletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 40: 43-74. 18 Mr. 1913 I From the Bullktin of the 1 orrey Botanical Club 40: 4^-74. 18 March 1913.J Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XXVIIi Per Axel Rydberg FABACEAE Thermopsis ovata (Robinson) Rydb. Thermopsis montana ovata Robinson, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, ii: 349. 1906. This dififers from T. montana not only in its broader leaflets (the only characters given in the original description) but in its spreading leaves, its large stipules, which in the lower leaves are ovate and very oblique, and in its elongate and lax raceme. It differs from T. xylorrhiza A. Nels. in its lax Inflorescence and strictly straight pods. Dr. S. Watson in publishing Lupiniis Kingii described the plant as being perennial. This mistake of his led him as well as others astray, for he redescribed the same plant a few years later as an annual under the name L. Sileri. This fact has been called attention to several times and, among other places, in my Flora of Colorado. It is, therefore, surprising that the error should be repeated by Coulter and Nelson in the New Manual of Botany of the Central Rocky Mountains, where the description begins : "From a perennial rootstock, dwarf, cespitose," etc., characters which in no way apply to the type in the Gray Herbarium nor to the duplicates in the herbaria of Columbia University and the United States National Museum. Furthermore, Coulter and 43 44 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Nelson give as a synonym under the same Lupin us aduncus Greene, which is the same as L. argenteus argopJiyllus, a plant of different habit. The so-called Liipiniis rivularis of the Columbia region and extending into Idaho should be known as L. cytisoides Agardh. Miss Alice Eastwood has seen the type of L. rivularis Dough, which according to her belongs to an entirely different group from the plant called L. rivularis by Dr. Watson in his revision. The following Lupines are to be added to the flora of the Rocky Mountains: Lupinus nootkatensis Donn has been collected in the Rockies of British Columbia and Alberta, L. plumosus Dougl. in Idaho and Utah, L. minimus Dougl. in Idaho and Alberta, L. lepidus Dougl. in Idaho, L. Cusickii S. Wats, in Idaho and Utah, and L. micensis Jones in Utah. Lupinus lupinus Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a woody caudex; stems 3-6 dm. high, densely strigose-canescent, sparingly branched; leaves numerous; stipules subulate, about i cm. long; petioles canescent, 5-8 cm. long; leaflets 7-9, oblanceolate, usually flat, 3-6 cm. long, appressed- canescent on both sides, less so above; peduncles about i dm. long; raceme 5-10 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, acute, 3-4 mm. long, silvery-pubescent, early deciduous; calyx silvery-pubescent, saccate at the base; upper lip scarcely 3 mm. long, the lower fully 5 mm.; corolla about i cm. long, dark blue or purple; banner orbicular, pubescent on the back, usually with a light spot in the center; keel strongly curved, rather broad, ciliate on the margins; pod densely villous, about 3 cm. long, mostly 3-seeded. This is related to L. argentinus, L. aduncus, and L. oreophilus, but differs from the first in its grayish instead of silvery pubescence of the leaves, which are greener above and not conduplicate, and in its less spurred calyx; from L. aduncus in its broader leaves and the shorter upper lip of its calyx; and from L. oreophilus in its broader leaves and saccate calyx. Along streams and in meadows at an altitude of 2,000-3,000 m. Utah: Western Bear's Ear, Elk Mountains, Aug. 2, 191 1, Rydberg & Garrett qj6j (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.); also western slope of La Sal Mountains, July 6, 8^Qj, 85Q6, and 8600; meadow south of Monticello, July 24, 9167; Head of Dry Wash, Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 45 Abajo Mountains, August ii, q6oj; Hammond Canyon, Elk Mountains, August lo, QS^3- Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit.; Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 797. 1809 Lotus tenuijolius (L.) Reich. Fl. Germ. 506. 1830. Lotus Machridei A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 53: 221. 1912. In looking over a collection received in exchange from the University of Wyoming, I found a specimen labeled Lotus Mac- hridei A. Nels. n. sp. To my surprise I found that this was a true Lotus, i. e. not belonging to any of the segregates of Hosackia but of the European type. As it would have been exceedingly strange if a species of Lotus in the restricted sense should be found native in America, I turned to our collection of Old World species of Lotus and found that it is the same as L. tenuijolius (L.) Reich. Before I had time to call Professor Nelson's attention to the fact, his description appeared in the Botanical Gazette. Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Piper, T. pJumosuni Dougl., T. eriocephalum Nutt., T. spinulosum Dougl., and cyathiferum Lindl. have been collected in Idaho; T. Rusbyi Greene and Medicago hispida Gaertner {M. denticulata Willd.) in Montana. ACMISPON Raf. New Flora i: 53. 1836 I think that this genus should be restored. The Microlotus section sometimes referred to Hosackia, sometimes to Lotus, is out of place in either genus, and Acmispon is the oldest available generic name. Acmispon americanus (Nutt.) Rydb. Lotus sericeus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 489. 1814. Not L. sericeus DC. 1813. Trigonella americana Nutt. Gen. 2: 120. 1818. Hosackia Piirshiana Benth. Bot. Reg. under pi. 1257. 1829, Acmispon sericeum Raf. New Fl. i: 53. 1836. Lotus americanus Bisch. Del. Sem. Hort. Heidelb. 1839. Trigonella sericea Eat. & Wright, N. Am. Bot. Ed. 8, 459. 1840. 46 RvDi5ERG : Rocky Mountain flora Acmispon elatus (Nutt.) Rydb. Hosackia elata Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. i: 327. 1838. The former of the two species is common on the plains from Minnesota to Arkansas, Sonora, and Idaho; the latter is found in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. A few more species are found in California. Psoralea stenostachys Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock; stem adsurgent or erect, branched, sparingly strigose and glandular-dotted, 3-5 dm. high; leaves digitately 3-foliolate; leaflets oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, from rounded to acute at the base, mucronate at the apex, sparingly strigose and conspicuously glandular-punctate; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; racemes elongate, many-flowered and lax: calyx densely white-strigose; tube 1.5 mm. long; teeth 0.5 mm. long, lanceolate or lance-ovate, acute; corolla w^hite, 4 mm. long; pod densely white-hairy. This species is related to P. lanceolata Pursh and P. Purshii Vail, but differs from both in the elongate racemes and the acute calyx-lobes; from the former it differs also in the hairy pod, and from the latter in the narrower leaflets. It grows on sandy soil at an altitude of about 1,300-1,500 m. Utah: Government Well, Toole County, June 7, 1900, M. E. Jones 6221 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Utah, July 2, 1888, M. E. Jones i8jj. Psoralea stenophylla Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a horizontal rootstock; stem simple, about 5 dm. high, slender, sparingly strigose and glandular-punctate; leaves digitately 3-foliolate or the lower 5-foliolate ; leaflets narrowly linear, 2.5-5 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide, glandular-punctate and sparingly strigose; stipules linear, 5-8 mm. long; petioles about 3 cm. long; peduncles 8-10 cm. long; racemes elongate, 5 cm. long or longer, lax; pedicels usually longer than the calyx; calyx sparingly strigose, conspicuously punctate; lobes triangular, acute, 0.5 mm. long; corolla about 4 mm. long; fruit not seen. This has the narrow leaflets of Psoralea micrantha, but the raceme is elongate and the sepals are acute as in the preceding species, from which it differs in the very narrow leaflets. If it has the densely hairy pod of that species and P. Purshii, it cannot be told from the material, but the young ovaries do not indicate RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora 47 such a character. It grows on sandy river banks at an altitude of about 1, 600 m. Utah: Proposed dam site, near Wilson Mesa, Grand County, July I, 191 1, Rydberg & Garrett 8j6y (type, in herb. X. Y. Bot. Card.). Psoralea juncea Eastw. was described as being leafless, the leaves being reduced to scales. This is true as far as the stem- leaves are concerned. The basal leaves, which soon wither away, are digitately 3-5-foliolate with lanceolate leaflets, 2-3 cm. long, grayivsh, strigose and strongly veiny. Psoralea obtusilohn Torrey has been collected in Colorado by Tweedy. Parosela polydenia (Torr.) Heller, P. Fremontii (Torr.) Vai!, P, Johnsoni (S. \\'ats.) Vail, and P. amoena (S. Wats.) Vail have been collected in southern Utah. Phaca ampullaria (S. Wats.) Rydb. Astragalus ampidlarius S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 300. 1873. Phaca Wardii (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus Wardii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 55. 1S77. Phaca subcinerea (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus siihcinereus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 366. 1878. Phaca Cusickii (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus Cusickii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 370. 1878. Phaca sabulonum (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus sabulonum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 36S. 1878. Phaca Preussii (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus Preussii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 222. 1864. Phaca serpens (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus serpens M. E. Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 641. 1895. Phaca Silerana (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus Sileranus M. E. Jones, Zoe 2: 242. 1891. 48 Rydberg : Rockv Mountain flora Phaca jejuna (S. Wats.) Rydb. Astragalus jejun us S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 73. 1871. Phaca leptalea (A. Gray) Rydb. Phaca pauciflora Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 348, 1838. Not P. pauciflora Pers. 1806. Astragalus leptaleus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 220. 1864. Phaca artemisiarum (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus Beckuithii purpureus M. E. Jones, Zoe 3: 288. 1893. Not A. purpureus Lam. 1783. Astragalus artemisiarum M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 369. 1894. Phaca pubentissima (T. & G.) Rydb. Astragalus multicaulis Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 335. 1838. Not A. miulticaiilis Ledeb. 1831. Astragalus puhenlissimus T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 693. 1840. Mr. Sheldon placed this between Astragalus crescenticarpus and A. cibarius, two species of Xylopliacos; its pod is that of a Phaca. Phaca sesquifiora (S. Wats.) Rydb. Astragalus sesquiflorus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 346. 1875. Mr. Sheldon associated this erroneously with Astragalus vexilliflexus and other species of Homalobus. It is a true Phaca. Xylophacos cuspidocarpus (Sheld.) Rydb. Astragalus cuspidocarpus Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 147. 1894. Xylophacos cibarius (Sheld.) Rydb. Astragalus cibarius Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 149. 1894. Astragalus arietinus M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 653. 1895. Xylophacos puniceus (Osterh.) Rydb. Astragalus puniceus Osterh. Muhlenbergia i: 140. 1906. Xylophacos Zionis (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus Zio7iisM.'E. ]ones,Vroc. CdiWi. Acsid. II. 5: 652. 1895. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 49 Xylophacos argophyllus (Nutt.) Rydb. Astragalus argophyUiis Xutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 331. 1838. Xylophacos cymboides (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus cymboides M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. i\cad. II. 5: 650. 1895. Xylophacos musinensis (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus musinensis M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 671. 1895. Xylophacos consectus (Sheld.) Rydb. Astragalus consectus Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 143. 1894. Xylophacos Watsonianus (Kuntze) Rydb. Astragalus eriocarpus S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 71. 1871. Not A. eriocarpus DC. 1802. Tragacantha Watsoniana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 942. 1891. Astragalus Watsonianus Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 144. 1894. Xylophacos utahensis (Torr.) Rydb. Phaca molUssima utahensis Torr. Stansb. Exped. 385. 1852. Astragalus utahensis T. & G. Pac. R. Rep. 2: 120. 1855. Xylophacos inflexus (Dougl.) Rydb. Astragalus inflexus Dougl. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 256. 1832. Tium eremiticum (Sheld.) Rydb. Astragalus eremiticus Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 161. 1894. Tium atropubescens (Coult. &. Fish.) Rydb. Astragalus atropubescens Coult. & Fish. Bot. Gaz. 18: 300. 1893. Astragalus Kelseyi Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i: 241. 1900. Tium arrectum (A. Gray.) Rydb. Astragalus arrectus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 289. 1873. Astragalus Leibergii M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 663. 1895. Astragalus palousiensis Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896. 50 . Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Hamosa calycosa (Torr.) Rydb. Astragalus calycosus Torr. in S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 66. 187 1. Ctenophyllum Grayi (Parry) Rydb. Astragalus Grayi Parry; Wats. Am. Nat. 8: 212. 1874. Cystium platytropis (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus platytropis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 526. 1865. Cystium Coulteri (Benth.) Rydb. Astragalus Coulteri Benth. PI. Hartw. 307. 1848. Cystium ineptum (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus ineptus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 525. 1865. Cystium lentiginosum (Dougl.) Rydb. Astragalus lentigiiwsus Doug\.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i: 151. 1831. Cystium araneosum (Sheld.) Rydb. Astragalus araneosus Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 170. 1894. Cystium boiseanum (A. Nels.) Rydb. Astragalus hoiseanus A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 53: 223. 1912. Atelophragma lineare Rydb. sp. nov. Homalohus ahoriginum Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 176, in part. 1 90 1. Perennial with a woody taproot and short cespitose caudex; stem grayish strigose, often tinged with purple, 2-4 dm. high; stipules ovate or lanceolate, acute, 2-4 mm. long; leaves 5-6 cm. long; leaflets 9-15, linear, 1-2 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, grayish strigose; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; raceme 2-3 cm. long, in fruit 6 cm. long; calyx densely black-hairy; tube 3 mm. long; teeth subulate, 2 mm. long; corolla about 8 mm. long, ochroleucous or tinged with purple; keel tipped with dark purple; legume gla- brous, stipitate; stipe 4-5 mm. long; body 25-28 mm. long, con- vexly curved on both sutures, but much more strongly so on the upper; the partial partition very narrow. This is related to A. glabriusculum (A. Gray) Rydb. and A. ahoriginum (Richardson) Rydb., but differs from the former in the Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 51 grayish pubescence of the leaves, which are strigose instead of villous, and from both in the form of the pod. In both the lower suture of the pod is straight or slightly concavely curved. Yukon Territory: Foot of Lake Lebarge, 1899, /. B. Tarleton J4b (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Dry Gulch, 1899, Gorman 1014. Alberta: Rocky Mountains, 1 857-1 859, Boiirgeau. Atelophragma Forwoodii (S. Wats.) Rydb. Astragalus Forivoodii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 129. 1890. Sheldon places this species in the Homalohus, but it is closely related to Atelophragma aboriginum and A. glahriusculum. Atelophragma glabriusculum (Hook.) Rydb. Phaca glabriiiscula Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i: 144. 1831. Atelophragma ibapense (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus ibapense M. E. Jones, Zoe 3: 290. 1893. Atelophragma Arthur! (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus Artliiiri M. E. Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 8: 20. 1898. Onix Mulfordae (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus Mulfordae M. E. Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 8: 18. 1898. This species is the only representative in America of a group of plants segregated from Astragalus by Medicus. The other repre- sentatives are Asiatic. Onix is related to Cystium in having a membranous inflated 2-celled pod, but the pod is triangular in cross-section, the upper suture being acute and the lower more or less sulcate. Microphacos parviflorus (Pursh) Rydb. Dalea parviflora Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 474. 18 14. Astragalus gracilis Nutt. Gen. 2: 100. 1818. Phaca parviflora Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 348. 1838. Diholcos scobinatulus (Sheld.) Rydb. Astragalus Haydenianus major M. E. Jones, Zoe 2: 241. 1891. Astragalus Haydenianus nevadensis M. E. Jones, Zoe 2: 241. 1891. Astragalus scobinatulus Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 24. 1894. 52 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Phacopsis scaphoides (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus arrectus scaphoides M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 664. 1895. Cnemidophacos confertiflorus (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus confertiflorus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 368. 1878. Cnemidophacos argillosus (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus argillosus M. E. Jones, Zoe 2: 241. 1891. Cnemidophacos reventoides (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus reventoides Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 661. 1895. Cnemidophacos reventus (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus reventus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 46. 1880. Kentrophyta tegetaria (S. Wats.) Rydb. Astragalus tegetarius S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 76. 1871. Homalobus lingulatus (Sheld.) Rydb. Astragalus lingulatus Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 118. 1894. Homalobus exilifolius (A. Nels.) Rydb. Astragalus exilifolius A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 10. 1899. Homalobus simplicifolius (Nutt.) Rydb. Phaca simplicifolia Nutt.; T. &. G. Fl. N. Am. i: 350. 1838. Astragalus simplicifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 231. 1864. Homalobus lancearius (A. Gray) Rydb. Astragalus lancearius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 370. 1878. Homalobus miser (Dougl.) Rydb. Astragalus miser Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i: 153. 1831. Homalobus Dodgeanus (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Astragalus Dodgeanus M. E. Jones, Zoe 3: 289. 1893. Mr. Sheldon placed this next to Astragalus glahriusculus (Hook.) Gray, but its pod has not a trace of a partition and the plant is a true Homalobus, not an A telophragma. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 53 Homalobus debilis (Nutt.) Rydb. Phaca debilis Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 345. 1838. Astragalus debilis A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 1863: 60. 1864. Homalobus strigosus (Coult. & Fish.) Rydb. Astragalus strigosus Coult. & Fish. Bot. Gaz. 18: 299. 1893. Astragalus griseopnbescens Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud, i: 24. 1894. Homalobus episcopus (S. Wats.) Rydb. Astragalus episcopus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 346. 1875. Homalobus coUinus (Dougl.) Rydb. Phaca collina Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i: 141. 1831. Astragalus collina Dougl.; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2: 256. 1832. Aragallus Bigelovii (A. Gray) Rydb. Oxytropis Lambertii ;_Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 80. 1857. Not 0. Lambertii Pursh. 18 14. Oxytropis Lambertii Bigelovii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 7. 1885. Aragallus plattensis (Nutt.) Rydb. Oxytropis plattensis Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 340. 1838. Lathyriis graminifolius W^hite and L. Torreyi \. Gray ha\e been collected in southern Utah; L. Nuttallii S. W^ats. and L. obovatus White in Idaho. EUPHORBIACEAE Chamaesyce Parryi (Engelm.) Rydb. Euphorbia Parryi Engelm. Am. Nat. 9: 350. 1875. This has been collected in southern Utah. Chamaesyce exstipulata (Engelm.) Rydb. Euphorbia exstipulata Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. Sur\-. 189. 1859. Euphorbia Aliceae A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 42: 50. 1906. This has been collected as far north as Wyoming. 54 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora ACERACEAE Negundo fRay) Ludwig-Boehmer, Def. PI. 508. 1760 Professor Nieuwland in the American Midland Naturalist* discussed the North American species of box-elder. He used the name Rulac, believing in a pre-Linnaean priority for genera. As both the Vienna Rules and the American Code have adopted 1753 as the starting point for botanical nomenclature, few will follow him in the names adopted. If our box-elders are regarded as generically distinct from the maples, we must use the name Negundo. Professor Nieuwland recognizes six species. I think there should be recognized eight species in North America. The Texan form, Riilac calif ornica texana Pax, is well distinct from Negundo californicum, Professor Nieuwland having overlooked the difference in the fruit, which in the Texan species agrees more with our eastern box-elder and was included in it by Dr. Britton. The following key was prepared by me over two years ago and two new species were named in manuscript. One of these has been described by Professor Nieuwland under the name Rulac Nuttallii; a description of the other is given below. I publish here the key, as several of the characters have not been pointed out by Professor Nieuwland. Branches of the season glabrous or with a few scattered ap- pressed haiis; anthers acute, tapering into a tip V4-H mm. long, formed by the produced connective (in the first species unknown). Fruiting pedicels glabrous, the lower 5-8 cm. long, very slender: fruit glabrous, contracted below into a short stipe. I. N. orizahense. Fruiting pedicels sparingly pilose: the lower 2-3 cm. long. Ovary and fruit finely pubescent; the latter some- times becoming glabrate in age, distinctly con- stricted below into a narrow stipe-like base; leaflets broad, toothed, rarely lobed. 2. A''. Negundo. Ovary and fruit glabrous; the latter slightly or usually not at all constricted below; leaflets usually lobed, with hair-tufts in the axils of the veins. 3. A^. Nuttallii. Branches of the season densely velutinous with short spreading hairs; anthers obtuse, merely mucronate. Leaflets coarsely dentate or lobed; style evident but short. Fruit distinctly constricted at the base into a short stipe, densely and minutely pubescent; leaflets *\'ol. 2: 129-140. 1911. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 55 broadly oval, short-acuminate, usually mereh" den- tate; the lateral ones often oblique at the base. 4. y. lexanum Fruit not at all or slightly constricted at the base; leaflets lanceolate, ovate or obovate, or the ter- minal one rhombic, long-acuminate, usually more or less lobed. Fruit glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, similar to those of the pedicels; mucro of tlie anthers minute or obsolete; leaflets glabrate above in age. Racemes seldom more than i dm. long; wings scarcely at all decurrent on the body of the fruit. 5. N. interius. Racemes in fruit 1.5-2 dm. long; wings de- current on the body of the fruit almost to the bottom of the sinus. 6. A^. Kingii. Fruit densely puberulent; mucro of the anthers more distinct, nearly I4 mm. long; leaflets densely pubescent on both sides. 7. N. californicum. Leaflets sharply and evenlj' serrate except towards the base; style obsolete. 8. A^. mexicanum. I. Negundo orizabense Rydb. sp. nov. A tree with glabrous, brownish twigs; leaves 3-foliolate; pedicels slender, glabrous, 5—10 cm. long; leaflets thin, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs on the ribs below, acuminate at both ends, serrate above the middle, with broadly ovate teeth directed forward and mucronate; the terminal leaflet rhombic-oval, 5-10 cm. long, with petiolules 1-2 cm. long; the lateral ones lanceolate, oval or oblanceolate, short-petioluled; racemes in fruit 2 dm. long or more, the pedicels very long and slender, the lower 5-8 cm. long; samaras ascending, glabrous; body oblong, about i cm. long and 4 mm. wide, acute but not constricted at the base, with one strong and several weak longitudinal veins; wing about 2 cm. long and nearly i cm. wide, somewhat incurv^ed above, not decurrent on the body. Mexico: Orizaba, 1853 and 1855, Fred. Miiller (type, in herb. Columbia University). 2. Negundo Negundo (L.) Karsten, Deuts. Fl. 596. 1880-3* Distribution: From Ontario and Vermont to Georgia, Mis- souri and Illinois. 3. Negundo Nuttallii (Nieuwl.) Rydb. Acer fraxinifoliiim Nuttall, Gen. N. Am. i: 253. 1818. Not Negundium fraxinifoliimi Raf. 1808. * For other synonyms see Nieuwland, American Midland Naturalist 2: 136. 191 1. 56 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Rulac NiittaUii Nieuwl. Am. Midi. Nat. 2: 137. 191 1. DiSTRiBrxiox: From Michigan and Ohio (?) to Kansas, Colorado and Montana. 4. Negundo texanum (Pax) Rydb. Acer Negundo texanum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. 7: 212. 1886. Acer californicum texanum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. 11: 75. 1889. Rulac texana Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 743. 1903. Distribution: Texas and Oklahoma. 5. Negundo interius (Britton) Rydb. Rulac texana Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 743, in part. 1903. Not Acer texanum Pax, 1886. Acer interior Britton, N. Am. Trees 655. 1908. Distribution: From Saskatchewan and Manitoba to Ne- braska, New Mexico, Arizona and Montana. Nieuwland gives Negundo Fraxinns Bourgeau* as a synonym under this. At the place referred to Bourgeau enumerates a number of genera col- lected on May 6. Evidently a comma is omitted between Negundo and Fraxinus. 6. Negundo Kingii (Britton) Rydb. Acer Kingii Britton, N. Am. Trees 656. 1908. Rulac Kingii Nieuwl, Am. Midi. Nat. 2: 139. 191 1. Distribution: Utah and Arizona. 7. Negundo californicum T. &. G. Fl. N. Am. i: 250. 1838 Acer californicum Dietr. Syn. 2: 1283. 1840. Riilac californica Nieuwl. Am. Midi. Nat. 2: 139. 1911. Distribution : California and according to Nieuwland extend- ing into northern Mexico. 8. Negundo mexicanum DC. Prod, i: 546. 1824 Acer mexicanum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. 7: 212. 1886. Not Acer mexi- canum A. Gray. 1861. Rulac mexicana Nieuwl. Am. Midi. Nat. 2: 140. 1911. Distribution: Southern Mexico to Guatemala. * Journ. Linn. Soc, 4: 9. 1859. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 57 RHAMNACEAE Rhamnns hetulaefolia Greene is to be added to the flora; it was collected in southeastern Utah in the summer of 191 1 by Professor Garrett and myself. MALVACEAE Dr. Greene* in segregating Eremalche from Malvastriim made this statement: "and that there exists so much as one real Mal- vastriim north of the Mexican border, I hold to be doubtful." A little investigation in the history of the genus would show that this statement is untenable. It is evident that Dr. Gray did not base his conception of the genus Mahastrum on the section Malvastrum of Malva of De Candolle, for this section contains the typical species of Malva also. The first subsection of this section of De CandoUe's is Chry- santhae, and some species of this subsection must be regarded as the type of Malva section Malvastrum DC. Of this subsection Dr. Gray remarked: "If the yellow flowered species with a somewhat different habit and usually a manifest persistent involucre, which forms a second section (the Chrysanthae DC, etc.), are correctly referred to this genus, it will comprise a large number of species from tropical and South America, which need an elaborate revision. I enumerate below merely the North American species which are known to me." Furthermore, Dr. Gray did not include in his genus a single species of Malva given by De Candolle. This shows that Dr. Gray based his genus on the North American species and in publishing the genus he gave the name as "Mal- vastrum Nov. Gen.," without citing De CandoUe's section, al- though he had referred to it a few pages before in a footnote under Callirrhoe. As the type of the genus Malvastrum, therefore, we must desigate the first given binomial under Malvastrum, which is M. coccinenm. Of the other species included in the original publi- cation M. Fremontii Torr., M. Wrightii A. Gray, M. gross ulariae- folium (Hook.) A. Gray, M. angustiim A. Gray, M. Munroanum (Dougl.) Gray, and M. spicatum (L.) Gray are plants of the United States. I agree with Dr. Greene that M. rotundifolium A. Gray and M. exile A. Gray should not be included in Malvas- * Leaflets 1 : 207. 1906. 58 Rydbekg : Rocky Mountain flora tnim; but I believe that that genus should be merged in Sphaeral- cea. Malvastrnm coccineum, the type of the genus, has the habit of the typical species of Sphaeralcea. The fruit is also the same except that the empty non-reticulate portion of the carpel is much reduced. M. grossidariaefolium and M. Afunroaniim with little more developed upper portions have been tossed back and forth between the genera Malvastrnm and Sphaeralcea. Six species should be transferred from Malvastrnm to Sphaeralcea under the following names. Sphaeralcea grossulariaefolia (H. & A.) Rydb. (?) Malva Creeana Graham, Bot. Mag. pi. jdgS. 1838. Sida grossulariaefolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 326. 1841. Malvastrnm grossnlariaefolinm A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 21. 1849. Sphaeralcea pedata Torr. Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 23. 1849. Malvastrnm coccineum grossidariaefolium Torr. Stansb. Exped. 384. 1852. Sphaeralcea dissecta (Nutt.) Rydb. Sida dissecta Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 235. 1838. Malvastrnm coccineum dissectum A. Gray, PI. Wright, i: 17, in part. 1852. Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. Malva coccinea Nutt. Fras. Cat. 1813. Cristaria coccinea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 454. 18 14. Sida coccinea DC. Prod, i: 465. 1824. Malvastrnm coccineum A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 21. 1849. Sphaeralcea elata (E. G. Baker) Rydb. Malvastrnm coccineum elatnm E. G. Baker, Jour. Bot. 29: 171. 189!. Malvastrnm elatnm A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 34: 25. 1902. Sphaeralcea digitata (Greene) Rydb. Malvastrnm coccineum dissectum A. Gray, PI. Wright, i: 17, in part. 1852. Sphaeralcea pedata angustiloba A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 292. 1887. Rydbekg : Rocky Mountain flora 59 Malvastriim digitatum Greene, Leaflets i: 154. 1905. Mahastrum dissectum Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 87, mainly. 1900. Malvastriim CockerelUi A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 34: 24. 1902. Malvastrum dissectum CockerelUi A. Nels.; Coult. & Nels. New- Man. Bot. Cent. Rocky Mts. 318. 1909. Sphaeralcea leptophylla (A. Gray) Rydb. Malvastrum leptophyllum A. Gray, PI. Wright, i: 17. 1852. Sphaeralcea arizonica Heller, sp. nov. Perennial with a woody caudex branching from the base; leaf- blades reniform to cordate, 3-5 cm. long, densely stellate on both sides, obscurely lobed and crenate; inflorescence paniculate, dense, with short branches; calyx densely stellate throughout; its lobes ovate, acute, about 3 mm. long; petals pink, about i cm. long; carpels about 4 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, mucronate or short- cuspidate, oblong, only about the lowest fourth reticulate. Differing from 5. amhigua in the short calyx-lobes and the narrow and dense inflorescence and from 5. marginata in the dense stellate pubescence, which extends even to the calyx. Arizona: Flagstaff, June 16, 1898, MacDougal 720 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; 30 miles east of Flagstaff, July 18, 1893. Wooton; Fort Verde, May 4, 1888, Mearns 225; sdivne locality 1887, 750; Hol- brook, June 18, 1901, L. F. Ward; Ash Fork, June 10, 1883, Rushy 538. Utah: St. George, Apr. 14, 1880, M. E. Jones 1660; proposed dam site, near Wilson Mesa, Grand Co., July i, 191 1, Rydberg & Garrett 8386; S. Utah, 1877, Palmer; 1874, Parry 25. Sphaeralcea subrhomboidea Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a woody caudex, branched at the base; stems stellate, 2-4 dm. high; leaf-blades rhombic in outline, 2-5 cm. long, stellate but not densely so, grayish-green, cuneate at the base, 5-ribbed, 3-cleft about half way down, the divisions 2-4- lobed; inflorescence a dense virgate panicle; calyx densely stellate, 4-5 mm. long; lobes broadly ovate, obtusish; corolla scarlet, 8-9 mm. long; fruit depressed-globose; carpels nearly round, obtuse, the lower half reticulate on the faces; seed solitary, without filiform attachment. 60 RvDBERG : Rocky Mountain flora Nearest related to 6'. grossnlariaefolia but the leaf-blades are rhombic in outline and cleft only half way down, and the terminal lobe is decidedly acute. On account of the leaf-form it may be mistaken for S. Munroana, but the flowers are smaller, the leaves more deeply divided, the fruit is smaller, the carpels less reniform, and the seed without filiform attachment. Utah: Wahsatch County, near Midway, July 6, 1905, Carlton & Garrett 66gi (type, in herb.^N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Fish Lake, around Twin Creeks, Aug. 8, 1905, Rydherg & Carlton /'62/. There is a group of plants in Sphaeralcea, however, which differs from the rest not only in habit but also in the character of the fruit. The carpels are not, as in the typical Sphaeralcea, divided into a lower portion, reticulate on the faces and enclosing the seeds, and an upper smooth and empty portion; the whole carpel is in this group smooth and hirsute. Dr. Greene* took out this group and made a new genus under the name of Illiamna. I think that this was unnecessary, for the plants are evidently cogeneric with the West Indian Phyniosia, usually also merged in Sphaeralcea. If the two genera should be merged, the name for the genus would be Phymosia, for it is the older of the two. The species to be renamed under Phymosia are the following: Phymosia acerifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. Sphaeralcea acerifolia Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 228. 1838. Illiamna acerifolia Greene, Leaflets i: 206. 1906. Phymosia rivularis (Dougl.) Rydb. Malva rivularis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i: 107. 1831. Sphaeralcea rivularis Torr. in Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4 : 23. 1849. Illiamna rivularis Greene, Leaflets i : 206. 1906. Phymosia grandiflora Rydb. Sphaeralcea grandiflora Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 565. 1904. Illiamna angulata Greene, Leaflets i: 206. 1906. Phymosia Crandallii R>db. Sphaeralcea Crandallii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 564. 1904. * Leaflets i: 205-207. 1906. Rydbekg : Rocky Mountain flora 61 Phymosia longisepala (Torr.) Rydb. Sphaemkea longisepala Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 255. 1874. LOASACEAE Nuttallia* humilis (A. Gray) Rydlx Mentzelia multiflora humilis A. Gray, PI. Wright i: 74. 1852. Touterea humilis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 277. 1903. Nuttallia integra (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Mentzelia multiflora integra M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 689. 1895. Touterea integra Rydb. Fl. Colo. 235. 1906. Nuttallia Rusbyi (Wooton) Rydb. Mentzelia Rusbyi Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 261. 1898. Touterea Rusbyi Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 276. 1903. Nuttallia lobata Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a thick root; stems strict, glabrous or nearly so, white and shining, 3-4 dm. high; leaves 5-8 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, sinuately toothed or lobed with short triangular lobes; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 8-10 mm. long; flowers diurnal, subtended by narrowly linear bracts; petals golden yellow, spatulate, obtuse, 12-18 mm. long; petaloid staminodia similar and almost as large; filaments numerous, the outer dilated; capsule 15 mm. long, 8-9 mm. thick, acute, almost turbinate at the base; seeds suborbicular, broadly winged. This species is related to N. multiflora (Nutt.) Greene and N. pterosperma (Eastwood) Greene. It differs from the former in the narrow merely toothed or lobed not pinnatifid leaves; from the latter in the acute teeth or lobes of the leaves and the capsule, which is acute not rounded at the base, and from both in the glabrous stem. Utah: Near St. George, 1877, Palmer 172 (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.); 1874, Parry jd; 1902, Goodding 776. Nuttallia acuminata Rydb. sp. nov. Stout biennial; stem 3-10 dm. high, straw-color, white in age, rather dull, densely villous with barbed hairs; lower leaves *" NiUtallcB" Rafin. Am, Mo. Mag. (1818): 175. 1818; "Nuttallia", Greene. Leaflets i: 209. 10 Ap. 1906. 62 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora oblanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, sinuately dentate, densely scabrous with triangular teeth; upper stem-leaves lanceolate, long-acu- minate, pinnatifid with lanceolate or rarely triangular lobes, the lower ones of which are usually large and salient, the base of the leaves, therefore, being very broad and truncate; flowers diurnal; their bracts narrowly linear, entire or with a few narrow lobes; sepals 2-3 cm. long, lance-subulate, long-acuminate, light yellow, about 5 cm. long; outer filaments slightly dilated, the rest fili- form, three fourths as long as the petals; petaloid staminodia none; capsule 4 cm. long, i cm. thick; seeds obovate, winged. This species has been confused with A^. laevicaulis (Hook.) Greene, but differs in the pubescent, duller stem (in N. laevicaulis this is glabrous or with a few scattered stiff hairs, very white and shining), broader petals, more deeply divided upper stem-leaves, which are characterized by their acumination and broad almost subhastate bases. A'^. acuminata extends farther eastward and northward than A'', laevicaulis and is lacking in California. Idaho: Spokane River, Kootenai County, 1892, Sandherg, MacDougal &' Heller 6ji (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.) ; Palouse County and Lake Coeur d'Alene, Aiton 6015. Montana: Emigrant Gulch, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4546; Sedan, 1902, W. W. Jones; Garrison, 1895, Rydberg 2737, and C. L. Shear 5248; Helena, 1892, Kelsey. Wyoming: Betw^een Sheridan and Buffalo, 1900, Tweedy 3617; Gardiner River, 1899, Aven Nelson & Elias Nelson 6000. Utah: City Creek, 1883, Leonard 116 and 227; Beck's Hot Spring, 1905, Garrett 15Q5; Antelope Island and Stansbury Island, Stansbury. Washington: Loon Lake, 1897, Winston; Spokane, 1902, Kraeger j2g. ONAGRACEAE Boisduvalia salicina (Nutt.) Rydb. Oenothera densiflora /3 T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 505. 1840. Oenothera salicina Nutt. in T. & G. loc. cit., as a synonym. This is quite different in habit from the typical B. densiflora (Lindl.) S. W'ats., having the foliage-leaves narrow, linear or linear- lanceolate. It has a much more northern and eastern range, extending into British Columbia and Idaho. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 63 Epilobium latiusculum Rydb. sp. nov. Epilohiiim Drummondii latiusculum Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 : 276. 1900. To the characters given in the original description may be added that the leaves are distinctly petioled, not sessile as in E. Drummondii. Epilobium platyphyllum Rydb. sp. nov. Epilobium glaberrimum latijolium Barbey, Bot. Calif, i : 220. 1876. Not E. lafifolium L. 1753. Epilobium paniculatum, as usually understood, contains several forms or species, connecting on one hand with E. minutum, on the other with E. jucundum. In order to facilitate the further study of the groups, I give the following key of the Rocky Mountain forms. Tube of the hypanthium funnelform, 1-3 mm, (rarely 4 mm.) long. Petals white only slightly exceeding the calyx, 2-3 mm. long; capsule glabrous; tube of hypanthium 1-1.5 mm. long. I. E. Tracy i. Petals pink or purple, 3.5-7 mm. long, about twice as long as the calyx. Capsule and pedicels glabrous or sparingly puberulent. Leaves and bracts very thick, horny at the apex, the latter v^ery short; capsule glabrous; pedicels short. 2. E. subulatum. Leaves and bracts not \'ery thick, not horny at the apex; capsule usually puberulent. at least when young; pedicels slender. 3. E. paniculalum. Capsule and pedicels glandular-pubescent; pedicels v^ery short. 4. E. adenodadum. Tube of the hypanthium 4-8 mm. long, cylindric or nearly so, abruptly widening into the calyx. Tube of the hypanthium about 4 mm. long; petals 6-7 mm. long. 5. E. laevicaule. Tube of the hypanthium 7-8 mm. long; petals 10-12 mm. long. 6. E. Hammondii. Epilobium Tracyi Rsdb. sp. nov. Annual; stem 3-8 dm. high, perfectly glabrous, straw-colored; leaves 2-4 cm. long, linear, entire, glabrous; tube of the hypan- thium 1-1.5 mm. long, funnelform; calyx-lobes about 2 mm. long, very acute; petals white, 2-3 mm. long; capsule more or less 64 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora clavate, aljout 1.5 cm. long, perfectly glabrous; seeds obovoid, 1.5 mm. long. This species is related to E. paniculatum but differs in the small white flowers and the perfectly glabrous pod. Utah: Ogden, July 31, 1887, Tracy cf Evans s 47 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Salt Lake City, May 1869, Watson 396. Oregon: Washington County, July 4, 1894, F. E. Lloyd. Washington: Spokane, July 11, 1902, Kraeger 152. Idaho: Little Potlatch River, Latah County, June 17, 1892, Sandberg, MacDongal cf Heller 477. Montana: Moraine near Poison, August 18, 1901, Umbach. British Columbia: Howser Lake, Selkirk Mts., June 17, 1905, Charles H. Shaw 714. Nevada: Huntington Valley, August 1868, Watson 3q6. Epilobium subulatum (Haussk.) Rydb. Epilobiiim paniculatum subulata Haussk. Monog. Epil. 247. 1884. Epilobium laevicaule Rydb. sp. nov. Annual; stem glabrous, 6-10 dm. high, glabrous and shining; the bark of the lower portion flaky ; leaves linear or linear-lanceo- late, 3-6 cm. long; the upper mostly involute, usually entire; tube of the hypanthium about 4 mm. long, rather abruptly widening into the calyx; calyx-lobes 3—4 mm. long; petals rose-colored, 6-7 mm. long; pods clavate, about 3 cm. long, glabrous or almost so; seeds obovoid, dark; coma dingy. Montana: Manhattan, 1895, Rydberg 2728 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Shear 3114; Big Fork, Aug. 3, 1909, Butler 7016. Washington: Pullman, Aug. 5, 1893, Piper 1631; Spokane, Sept. 1902, Kraeger 536 and 573. Idaho: Palouse County, 1892, G. B. Alton 69; Seven Devils Mountains, Aug. 5, 1899, M. E. Jones 6317. Epilobium Sandbergii Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial by means of turions; stem obtusely angled, 6-10 dm. high, finely puberulent throughout; leaves sessile, ovate, acute, dentate, 3-7 cm. long, pubescent on both sides, or glabrate beneath, except the veins; inflorescence crisp-hairy; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long; petals rose, 7-8 mm. long; pod 4-6 cm. long, glandular-pilose; seeds 1.5 mm. long, almost beakless; coma tawny. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 65 It resembles somewhat E. Palmeri, but the flowers are nearly twice as large. Idaho: Moist places, valley of Mud Lake, Kootenai County, July 25, 1892, Sandherg, MacDoiigal & Heller /j/ (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Montana: Bozeman, July 22, 1895, Rydberg 2/'2q. Gayophytum Helleri Rydb. sp. no v. Annual; stem branched with nearly erect, strict branches, 1-3 dm. high, more or less pubescent with spreading hairs; leaves linear, 0.5-2 cm. long, softly hirsutulous; pedicels very short, even in fruit scarcely more than i mm. long; sepals and petals scarcely i mm. long; capsules linear, erect, 8-10 mm. long, almost sessile, hirsutulous, not torulose; seeds about i mm. long, strigu- lose. This resembles G. racemosiim in habit and the pod, G. caesiiin in pubescence and G. lasiospermum in the seeds. Idaho: Forest, Nez Perces County, July 16, 1896, Heller 3433 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Anogra leptophylla (Nutt.) Rydb. Oenothera pallida leptophylla (Nutt.) T. 8c G. Fl. N. Am. i: 495. 1840. Oenothera leptophylla Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. loc. cit., as a synonym. Oenothera longissima Rydb. sp. nov. A tall biennial; stem strict, 5-10 dm. high, densely canescent with short crinkled hairs as well as sparingly hirsute; leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 dm. long, densely canescent, entire, acute at both ends, the lower short-petioled ; spike rather lax; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long; hypanthium tube 10- 12 cm. long, densely canescent, only slightly widening upwards; sepals linear-lanceolate, about 4 cm. long; free tips about 4 mm. long; petals golden yellow, 4 cm. long; stamens and pistil of about the same length; capsule about 4 cm. long, densely canescent, slightly tapering upwards. This is related to 0. macrosceles A. Gray and 0. Jamesii T. & G., but differs from the former in being canescent instead of glabrous and in the smaller and narrower bracts, and from the latter in the longer, narrower and entire-margined leaves, and in being more canescent and less hirsute. It grows on sandy river banks at an altitude of about 1,600 m. 66 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Utah: Armstrong and White Canyons near the Natural Bridges, Aug. 4-6, 191 1, Rybderg & Garrett 9410 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Oenothera ornata (A. Nelson) Rydb. Onagra ornata A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 52: 268. 191 1. Oenothera hirsutissima (A. Gray) Rydb. Oenothera biennis hirsutissima A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4. 43. 1849. This usually has been regarded as the same as 0. Hookeri T. & G. The type of the latter came from California, that of the former from New Mexico. In the plant common in California and the Great Basin, the free tips of the sepals are about 4 mm. long, the pubescence of the leaves is short and that of the calyx not very copious. In the type of 0. biennis hirsutissima and other specimens from New Mexico and Colorado, the free tips of the sepals are only 2-2.5 mm. long, the pubescence of the leaves and calyx long and loose, and that of the latter very copious. Oenothera subulifera (Rydb.) Onagra strigosa suhidata Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 279. 1900. Not 0. siibulata R. & P. 1802 Onagra Oakesiana Rydb. Fl. Colo. 244. 1906. Not Oenothera Oakesiana A. Gray. 1867. Chylisma tenuissima (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Oenothera tenuissima M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 683. 1895. Sphaerostigma macrophyllum (Small) Rydb. Oenothera alyssoides villosa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 591. 1873. Not 0. villosa Thunb. 1794-1800. Sphaerostigma alyssoides macrophyllum Small, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 192. 1896. AMMIACEAE Osmorrhiza intermedia Rydb. Washingtonia intermedia Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i : 289, 1900. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 67 Glycosma maxima R>db. sp. nov. Perennial; stem i m. high or more, puberulent or glabrous, pilose at the nodes; lower leaves twice compound, first pinnate and the lower primary divisions ternate; the upper leaves ternate or twice ternate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, minutely puberulent; branches of the umbels 9-12, in fruit more or less spreading; pedicels in fruit 1-1.5 cm. long; fruit fully 2 cm. long, obtuse at the base, contracted above into a beak 2 mm. long; stylopodium conical, 0.5 mm. long, about as long as the styles. This is related to G. occidentalis Nutt., but the fruit is much larger (in G. occidentalis only 12-16 mm., rarely 18 mm. long), and the rays of the umbels are in fruit usually widely spreading, while in G. occidentalis they are nearly erect. The spreading rays sug- gest G. amhigua and G. Bolanderi, but in both these species the stylopodium is flatter. Utah: Mount Nebo, Aug. 15, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton yjSj (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Rocky Canyon, Provo, Aug. 16, 1887, Tracy 684. Montana: Midvale, July 24, 1903, Umbach 508. Atenia H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 349. 1840 This I think is a good genus, distinct from Caruni. Although the fruit is almost the same, the habit is quite different. The habit of Atenia is the same as that of Eidophus. In fact it is hard to distinguish the two genera without mature fruit, both having the fascicled tuberous roots, the narrow leaf-segments, the same inflorescence and flowers. The only essential differences are the deeply concave seed-face with a central ridge and the sev- eral oil tubes in Eulophiis and the plane face and solitary oil tubes in Ataenia. The following species are found in the Rocky Mountains: • Atenia Gairdneri H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 349. 1840 Edosmia Gairdneri Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 612. 1840. Carum Gairdneri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344. 1867. Atenia montana (Blank.) Rydb. Carum montanum Blank. Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Bot. i: 91. 1905. 68 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Atenia Garrettii (A. Nels.) Rydb. Carum Garrettii A. Nels. in Rose, Cent. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 443. 1909, Oreoxis MacDougali (C. & R.) Rydb. Aletes MacDougali C. &. R. Cent. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 107. 1900. This was doubtfully referred to Aletes by Coulter and Rose. The fruits in the type collection were very young and did not show their true nature. Anyhow, they showed distinct wings, a character inconsistent with the genus Aletes. Professor Garrett and myself collected good fruits in southeastern Utah in the summer of 191 1; and these show that the plant is rather an Oreoxis than an Aletes, wings being present and these thick and corky. The two genera are, however, more closely related than has been recognized, having the same cespitose habit, the promi- nent calyx, teeth, etc. Daucophyllum (Nutt.) Rydb. gen. nov. M useniuni ^ Daucophyllum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i : 642. 1840. Low cespitose perennials, acaulescent or nearly so, with a branched caudex. Leaves numerous, basal, or i or 2 cauline, pinnate or bipinnate with filiform or narrowly linear divisions. Flowers cream-colored to yellow, in dense umbels. Bracts want- ing; bractlets few, narrow% linear. Calyx teeth prominent. Stylopodium wanting. Fruit ovoid or oblong, granular on the intervals. Ribs equal, rather strong, but not at all winged. Oil tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissural side. Seed terete or somewhat depressed; face plane. The type, Musenium tenuifolium Nutt., was separated as a section in Torrey and Gray's Flora. The relationship is rather with Harbouria and Aletes than with Musineon Raf. The first- mentioned relationship was recognized by Coulter and Rose (see their Revision, p. iii). It differs from Harbouria in not having thick corky ribs and in having several oil tubes in the intervals. It is still more closely related to ^/e/es, having the same habit, although narrower leaf-segments, the main differences being, however, the solitary oil tubes in Aletes and 2 or 3 in each interval in Dauco- phyllum, and the concave seed face in the former and the plane Rydrerg : Rocky Mountain flora 69 one in the latter. The second species given below was included questionably in Aletes by Coulter and Rose; but in the number of oil tubes and the plane seed face it agrees better with Miisenium tenuifolium. Nutt. than with the typical species of Aletes. Leaves bipinnote; segments filiform; bractlets not exceeding the pedicels; seed subterete. i. D. tenuifolium. Leaves pinnate; segments narrowly linear; bractlets longer than the pedicels; seeds somewhat depressed. 2. D. lineare. I. Daucophyllum tenuifolium (Nutt.) Rydb. Miisenium fennifolium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i: 642. 1840. 2. Daucophyllum lineare Rydb. nom. nov. Aletes tenuifolia C. & R. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 108. 1900. Coriophyllus (M. E. Jones) Rydb. gen. noy. Cymopterus ^Coriophyllus M. E. Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 12: 20. 1908. Perennial herbs with more or less fleshy root, somewhat branched rootstock covered with fibrous sheaths, and leafy stems with internodes shorter than the leaf-sheaths. Flowers yellow to purple. Bracts none; bractlets present, but narrow. Leaves pinnately dissected, subcoriaceous, rigid, not fleshy, with ovate or lanceolate, cuspidate or spinulose-tipped lobes. Calyx teeth evident. Stylopodium wanting. Fruit orbicular to oval in outline, usually emarginate at both ends, compressed laterally if at all. Ribs with broad wings. Oil tubes 1-5 in the intervals, 2-8 on the commissural side. Seeds little if at all flattened dor- sally; face deeply grooved. I agree with Mr. Marcus E. Jones that the genus Aulospermum, as constituted by Coulter and Rose, is a rather unnatural one, made up of two groups of quite diff^erent habit; but instead of reducing both groups to sections of Cymopterus as Mr. Jones did, I rather regard them as two distinct genera, and adopt for the second group the sectional name first proposed by Mr. Jones. (See the discussion in Cont. West. Bot. 12: 19-20 and 27.) He, however, had the group under two different sectional names. The section is called Coriophyllus on page 20 and Scopulicola on page 27- The following species are found in the Rockies and are dis- tinguished thus: 70 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Wings thickened at the insertLon. Leaves ternately bipinnatifid; oil tubes solitary in each interval. i. C. Jonesii. Leaves pinnate, with lobed or divided leaflets; oil tubes several in each interval. 2. C. Rosei. Wings not thickened at the insertion. Flowers purplish; oil tubes 8 on the commissural side. 3. C. piirpiireus. Flowers greenish-yellow; oil tubes 4 on the commissural side. 4. C. Belheli. I. Coriophyllus Jonesii (C. & R.) Rydb. Cymoptenis Jonesii C. & R. Rev. N. Am. Umb. 80. 1888. Aidospernmm Jonesii C. & R. Cent. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 178. 1900. 2. Coriophyllus Rosei (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Aidospermum Rosei M. E. Jones; C. «& R. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 179. 1900. 3. Coriophyllus purpureus (S. Wats.) Cymoptenis purpureus S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 300. 1872. Aidospermum piirptireum C. & R. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 178. 1900. 4. Coriophyllus Betheli (Osterhout) Rydb. Aidospermum Betheli Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 6: 46. 1910. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS C. & R. This genus is one of the most unnatural in Coulter & Rose's Monograph. Jones* called attention to this fact, although he included the genus, as well as Oreoxys, Rhysopterus, Aidospermum, and Pteryxia in Cymopterus, and does not go to the bottom of the facts. The genus as constituted by Coulter and Rose contains at least three distinct groups of plants of little relationship to each other. The first group contains Pseudocymopterus montaniis and its close relatives; the second of P. anisatus and P. aletifolius, and perhaps P. Render sonii, which I do not know; and the third of P. bipinnatiis and probably Cymopterus nivalis S. Wats., of which the fruit is unknown. P. montanus is the type of the genus, which latter therefore must be restricted to it and its relatives. Jones * Cent. West. Bot. 12: 24-29. 1908. Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora 71 includes P. anisatiis and P. bipinnatus in his section Oreoxis, but the genus Oreoxis has all ribs corky and the lateral ones scarcely more prominent than the dorsal ones, the fruit is not flattened dorsally, the styles and sepals are erect. In Pseudocymopterus anisatiis the lateral wings are very prominent, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged or some of them merely acute, the styles are recurved, the sepals spreading and one or two of them larger than the rest, and the fruit is decidedly flattened dorsally. The plant is more related to Aletes than to Oreoxis, and P. aletifolius connects it with that genus. It can not be placed in Aletes, however, for in that genus the fruit is not compressed and the ribs not winged. It would be much better to include P. anisatus and P. aletifolius in Pteryxia, as they have the foliage and nearly the same fruit as in that genus, but the strictly acaulescent plant, the narrow and thick wings of the fruit and the very prominent and unequal calyx-teeth would make it rather abnormal even in that genus. Although It does not differ so much in the technical characters of the fruit from the typical Pseudocymopterus, the habit is quite diff'erent, so also the texture of the leaves, and in Pseudocymopterus the sepals are minute. It is better to regard P. anisatus as a type of a new genus. Pseudopteryxia Rydb. gen. nov. Densely cespitose, strong-scented, acaulescent perennials with multicipital caudices covered with numerous sheaths of old lea\'es. Leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid with thick, firm, pungent divi- sions. Flowers yellow; involucres \vanting; bractlets linear-subu- late, pungent. Calyx-teeth very prominent, spreading, unequal, one or two much longer than the rest. Stylopodium wanting. Fruit oblong, glabrous. Ribs thick, the dorsal and intermediate ones sharp or some of them with narrow wings; the lateral ones with broader wings, distinct from those of the other carpel. Carpels flattened dorsally. Oil tubes 1-3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissural side. Seed face plane. Pseudopter3rxia anisata (A. Gray) Rydb. Cymopterus (?) anisatus A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 63. 1863. Pseudocymopterus anisatus C. & R. Rev. N. Am. Umb. 75. 1888. 72 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora Pseudopteryxia longiloba Rydb. sp. nov. Densely cespitose perennial with a thick root and short caudex, covered by numerous old leaf -sheaths and petioles; leaves twice pinnatifid, with linear-subulate, pungent divisions; peduncles 2-3 dm. high, stout; bractlets linear-subulate, spreading, often i cm, long; flowers yellow; fruit about 6 mm. long; lateral wings thick, narrow, some of the wings of the dorsal ribs often fully as broad; calyx-teeth less prominent than in P. anisata. This is closely related to P. anisata, differing in the larger fruit (in P. anisata about 4 mm. long), and longer leaf-segments. On account of the long leaf-segments, specimens collected in flower by Carlton and myvself were mistaken for Cynomarathnim Nuttallii (A. Gray) C. & R.; but good fruit was received in the summer of 1911. Utah: Abajo Mountains, Aug. 17, 191 1, Rydberg & Garrett gy6i (fruit; type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); aXso gydo (fruit); La Sal Mountains, July 7 and 17, 8724 and Q015 (young fruit); Mountains north of Bullion Creek, near Marysvale, July 23, Rydberg &" Carlton 7085 and yogd (flowers); Mount Ellen, July 24 and 25, 1894, M. E. Jones 5677 (fruit, but poor). Pseudopteryxia aletifolia Rydb, Pseiidocymopterus aletifolins Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 574. 1904. Neither can Pseudocymopterus bipinnatus be retained in the genus; in fact, it is still more out of place. Not only is the habit strikingly different from that of P. montanus, but the fruit is not, as Coulter and Rose described it, "moderately flattened dorsally," for the fruit when well developed is moderately flattened laterally, which places it in the other division of the family. Furthermore, the seed face is concave, the bractlets broad and scarious, and a stylopodium, although strongly flattened, is present. Were it not for these characters of the fruit the plant could be placed in the same genus as P. anisatus. As it is, its relationship is with DaiicophyUum and Aletes. I would place it in DaucophyUiim were it not for the winged ribs, the concave seed face and the reflexed style. The fruit is nearer that of Aletes, but the oil tubes are several, the ribs winged, styles reflexed and stylopodium present. If a person were using the key given by Coulter and Rose Rydberg : RocKV Mountain flora 73 in their Monograph and were trying to determine the plant, the key would lead to Aiilospermiim or Phellopterus, to either of which genera it is not even closely related. Mr. Jones included it in Oreoxis, to which I admit it is related, but the' ribs are not corky, the stylopodium present, the styles reflexed, the flowers white, not yellow, and the bractlets scarious. Pseudoreoxis Rydb. gen. nov. Low cespitose acaulescent perennials, with branched caudex. Leaves bipinnate; the segments more or less cleft with small lanceolate divisions. Flowers white in small umbels ; bracts want- ing; bractlets ovate or lanceolate, cuspidate or abruptly acumi- nate, scarious, white with a green midrib. Calyx-teeth evident but small. Stylopodium present but low and flat. Styles reflexed. Fruit somewhat flattened laterally, oblong. Ribs all with narrow wings, the lateral ones scarcely wider. Oil tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure. Seed face slightly concave. Pseudoreoxis bipinnatus (S. Wats.) Rydb. Cymopterus hipinnatus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 368. 1885- Pseudocyniopterus bipinnatus C. & R. Rev. N. Am. Umbel. 75. 1888. Pseudoreoxis nivalis (S. Wats.) Rydb. Cymopterus nivalis S. Wats. Bot. King. Exped. 123. 1871. I do not hesitate to refer this species to the same genus as P. bipinnatus, although the fruit is unknown, for the habit, and flowers are so closely resembling those of P. bipinnatus. Cynomarathrum latilobum Rydb. sp. nov. Acaulescent perennial with densely cespitose caudex covered by old broad leaf-sheaths; leaves about i cm. long, . pinnate, glabrous; leaflets entire or 2- or 3-cleft into broadly lanceolate, reticulate, thick, pointed segments 5-15 mm. long; peduncles 1-1.5 dm. long, stout; rays 1-2 cm. long; bractlets linear or lance-linear, 5-6 mm. long; flowers apparently straw-colored or ochroleucous; fruit about 9 mm. long, 6 mm. wide; lateral wings about as broad as the body; dorsal ribs filiform or some of them narrowly winged; oil tubes 2-4 in the intervals, 4-6 on the com- missure, rather. obscure. The fruit of this species is intermediate between that of C. Niittallii and C. Parryi, but the plant differs from both, as well as from all the known species, in the broad segments of the leaves. 74 Rydberg : Rocky Mountain flora The segments resemble those of some species of Cogswellia of the C. triternata group, but the leaves are pinnate, not ternate, the plant has the densely cespitose, sheath-covered caudex characteristic of Cynomarathrum , and the fruit is of that genus, having some of the dorsal ribs winged, and the calyx-teeth are prominent. It grows on sides of canyons at an altitude of i,6oo m. Utah: Proposed dam site, near Wilson Mesa, Grand County, Utah, July i, 191 1, Rydberg & Garrett 8371 (fruit; type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); also 8414 (withered flowers). Cogswellia simplex (Nutt.) Rydb. Peiicedanum triternatum platycarpum Torr. Stansb. Rep. 389. 1852. Peucedanum simplex Nutt.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Exped. 129. 1871. Lomatium platycarpum C. & R. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 226. 1900. Cogstvellia platycarpa (Torr.) M. E. Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 12: 32. 1908. It was unfortunate that an amendment to the Rochester Code ever was passed at Madison, by which a varietal name could supersede a specific name, and I am glad that the amendment mentioned has been recalled and that we can return to the specific name well known by a long usage. Cogswellia leptophylla (Hook.) Rydb. sp. nov. Peucedanum triternatum leptophyUnm Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 235. 1847. This species is related to C. simplex, C. triternata, and C. rohustior. In general habit, it resembles most the second, but the leaflets are narrower, the fruit is shorter and relatively broader and puberulent. C. simplex has less compound leaves, broader leaflets, larger and glabrous fruit; C. robustior has much broader and more spreading leaflets, longer fruit with very narrow wing. Montana: Helena, June-July, 1891, Kelsey; also May, 1890; University campus and hillsides, Missoula, 1901, MacDougal ijo; Old Sentinel, June 12, 1901, MacDougal; Deer Lodge, June, 1888, Traphagen; Mt. Ascension, Helena, 1909, Butler 4057. Idaho: Hills near Boise, June 7, 1892, Isabel Mulford; Weiser, April 18, 1900, M. E. Jones 6336. New York Botanical Garden. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN — No. 160 STUDIES ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA-XXIX PER AXEL RYDBERG NEW YORK 1913 Reprinted, without change of paging, from the Bdlletin of the Torrkt Botanical Club 40: 461-485. 12 S 1913 [From the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 40 : 461-485. 12 S 1913. Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XXIX Per Axel Rydberg MONOTROPACEAE Hypopitys latisquama Rydb. sp. nov. Plant pink, 1-3 dm. high, more or less short-pubescent above; scales of the stem broadly ovate, obtuse, 1-1.5 cm. long; flowers usually 10-15 ; sepals spatulate or cuneate, 8-10 mm. long, abruptly acuminate, ciliate; petals cunate or obovate, 11-12 mm. long, rounded and sinuate at the apex, pubescent and ciliate, fila- ments and style copiously hairy; stigma retrorsely bearded. This is closely related to H. lanulosa (Michx.) Nutt., but difi'ers in the large and broad scales on the stem and the larger flowers. Montana: Bridger Mountains, July 28, 1896. Flodman 708 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Wyoming: 1873, Parry ig6. Washington: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2464. PRIMULACEAE Primula specuicola Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a short rootstock; leaves 5-13 cm. long, thin, slightly farinose when young, in age glabrate, with winged petioles; blades spatulate or elliptic, obtuse at the apex, sinuate-dentate; scape 1-1.5 cm. long; umbels 10-20- flowered; bracts linear-subu- late, thin, 5-10 mm. long, slightly gibbous at the base; pedicels 5-10 mm. long in flower or 1-4 cm. long in fruit; calyx densely farinose; tube deeply campanulate, 3-5 mm. long; lobes linear- oblong, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, obtusish; corolla-tube yellowish, 8-10 461 462 Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora mm. long, 1.5 mm. in diameter; lobes cuneate, merely emarginate with a broad sinus, dark violet, about 3 mm. long; stamens in- serted in the middle of the corolla-tube; capsule about 6 mm. long. This species is related to P. farinosa L. and P. incana M. E. Jones, but differs from both in its very thin leaves, more exserted corolla-tube and slender bracts. In P. incana M. E. Jones (P. americana Rydb.), the only other species of the group in the Rocky Mountains, the bracts are thick, almost fleshy, obtusish, lanceolate, and often nearly equaling the pedicels. In the bracts and inflor- escence, it resembles more P. farinosa L. of Europe and north- eastern America. P. ElUsiae of the Sandea Mountains of Xew Mexico, though belonging to this group and of the same habit, has much larger flowers, the lobes of the corolla being 8-10 mm. long. P. specuicola grows only in loose soil, under overhanging cliffs in the alcove-like heads of the canyons, characteristic of the limestone bluffs of San Juan River. Utah: Along San Juan River, near Bluffs, Aug. 25-29, 1911, Rydberg g882 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; same locality, Feb., 1912, Edna Scorup, and in 1895, Alice Eastwood. Androsace albertina Rydb. sp. nov. Cespitose perennial, but scarcely pulvinate; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, about i cm. long, sparingly ciliate, not carinate; scape 5-10 cm. long, slender, sparingly hairy; bracts linear- lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long; pedicels 3-5 mm.; calyx-lobes elliptic, obtuse; corolla-lobes 2-3 mm. long. This is most like the European A. Chamaejasme Host, but the leaves and bracts are narrower. It differs from .4. carinata Terr, in the narrower leaves, not carinate beneath, less pulvi- nate habit, longer peduncles, longer pedicels, and smaller flowers. Alberta: Lake Agnes, National Park, Banff, Aug. 1897, Mr. and Mrs. C. Van Brunt 77 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Jumping Pound Creek, June 14, 1897, Macoim 234/8; Rocky Mountains 1858, Bourgeau. Montana: Yellow Mountain, June 24, 1897, R. S. Williams. Androsace simplex Rydb. sp. nov. Annual; leaves oblanceolate, 3-6 mm. long, acute, entire, minutely puberulent; scape usually solitary, erect, very slender, 2-7 cm. high; bracts oval or lance-oval, 2-4 mm. long; pedicels Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 463 5-15 mm. long, suberect or strongly ascending; calyx-tube obpyramidal, about 2 mm. long; lobes lanceolate, about 1.5 mm. long, acute; corolla small, s^iorter than the calyx. This is related to A. occidentalis, but the plant is more delicate, the scapes solitary, bearing a 1-4-flowered umbel with strongly ascending or nearly erect pedicels, the bracts smaller and dis- tinctly acute. Montana: Missoula, May, 1897, Elrod & assistants jj (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Utah: Near Salt Lake City, May 1882, M. E. Jones. British Columbia: Lytton, April 17, 1889, Macoun. Dr. Greene separates an American species Androsace capil- laris Greene from the Asiatic A. filiformis Retz, and claims that the former is a perennial. All American specimens that I have seen are, however, annuals, and I can see no reason for such a separation. Dodecatheon Jaffreyi Moore has been collected near Sawtooth, Idaho, by Evermann. GENTIANACEAE Anthopogon ventricosum (Griseb.) Rydb. Gentiana ventricosa Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 65. 1838. Anthopogon Macounii (Holm) Rydb. Gentiana Macounii Holm, Ottawa Nat. 15: no, 179. 1901. Anthopogon tonsum (Lunell) Rydb. sp. nov. Gentiana detonsa tonsa Lunell, Bull. Leeds Herb. 2 : 7. 1908. This is closely related to A. Macounii (Holm) Rydb., but differs in the glabrous filaments, a character not pointed out by Dr. Lunell, Amarella tortuosa (M. E. Jones) Rydb. Gentiana tortuosa M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. H. 5: 707. 1895. Amarella ventorum Rydb. sp. nov. Gentiana arctophila densiflora Torr. Fremont's Rep. 94. 1845. Not G. arctophila densiflora Griseb. Low annual or biennial, branched near the base; stems 5-10 cm. long, branched, internodes shorter than the leaves; basal 464 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora leaves oblanceolate ; stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, about 2 cm., acute; flowers 1-3 in the axils; pedicels 2-8 mm. long; calyx-tube about 2 mm. long; lobes linear-lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, acute, scabrous on the margins; corolla about 5 mm. long; lobes ovate, obtuse or acute; crown none. This little Amarella lacks the setaceous fimbriate crown at the base of the corolla-lobes and therefore should be classified with the arctic or subarctic A. propinqua (Richards.) Greene, and A. arctophila (Griseb.) Greene, but the corolla-lobes are acute or obtuse, instead of cuspidate. Wyoming: Wind River Moutainns, Aug. 4, 1843, Fremont. Dasystephana oregana (Engelm.) Rydb. Gentiana oregana Engelm.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 122. 1878. Dasystephana glauca (Pall.) Rydb. Gentiana glauca Pall. Fl. Ross. 2: 104. 1784. Dasystephana calycosa (Griseb.) Rydb. Gentiana calycosa Griseb. Gen. et Sp. Gent. 292. 1839. Dasystephana monticola Rydb. sp. no\'. Gentiana calycosa stricta Griseb. Gen. et Sp. Gent. 292. 1839. Gentiana calycosa monticola Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 252. 1897. Dasystephana obtusiloba Rydb. sp. nov. Cespitose perennial; stems erect or ascending, about i dm. high; internodes short, equaling or a little longer than the leaves; leaves very broadly ovate, 3-5-ribbed, usually acute at the apex and subcordate at the base; calyx-tube broadly turbinate, 5-6 mm. long; lobes broadly oval, rounded at the apex, often over- lapping, about 8 mm. long; corolla dark blue, about 3.5 cm. long; lobes rounded at the apex; lobes of the plaits about half as long as the corolla lobes. This is related to D. calycosa, but differs in the lower habit and rounded corolla-lobes. Montana: Mary Baker Lake and Sperry Glacier, Aug. 21, 1901, Vreeland 1162 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Lake MacDonald, Aug. 22, 1901, Umbach jyi; Mount MacDonald, July 25, 1900, Elrod & assistants; Silloway Peak, July 17-19, 1901, MacDougal 6g2; Blackfoot Indian Reservation, Aug. and Sept. 1909, Gilman Thompson. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 465 Swertia Fritillaria Rydb. Glabrous, light green, perennial; stem 1.5-3 dm. high; basal leaves and lower stem-leaves alternate, 6-10 cm. long, thin, long- petioled; blades obovate, spatulate, rounded at the apex, abruptly- contracted into winged petioles of about the same length; middle and upper stem-leaves all alternate or a single pair of opposite ones, oblanceolate or oblong; inflorescence rather lax, elongate; pedicels 1-2 cm. long; sepals lanceolate, about 6 mm. long; corolla-lobes lanceolate, mostly acute, greenish white along the midrib and azure along the margins, dotted all over with dark blue spots in the manner of many species of Fritillaria; filaments more or less dilated, some of them very broad; glands inconspicu- ous with rather long blue fringes. Utah: Wet places incaynons: Big Cottonwood Canyon, Au- gust 4, 1905, Garrett 1566 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). APOCYNACEAE Amsonia Eastwoodiana Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial, with a short woody base; stem 3-5 dm. high, gla- brous; stem-leaves lanceolate, usually narrowly so, 3-5 cm. long, glabrous, acute at each end; leaves of the numerous strongly ascending branches linear; calyx-lobes subulate, 2 mm. long or longer; corolla 16-20 mm. long; tube narrowly trumpet-shaped; lobes nearly 4 mm. long; pod 5-8 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick, constricted and often breaking off between the seeds, 3-5-seeded; seeds oblong, about i cm. long and 6 mm. thick. This is most closely related to A. brevifolia, having the same flower and fruit, but the plant is in habit more like^. Fremontii, for which it has been mistaken. The latter has still longer calyx-lobes which are narrower, and its pod is not restricted between the seeds. In canyons of desert regions. Utah: Moab, July, 1911, Rydberg & Garrett 8468 (fruit, type, in herb, N. Y. Bot. Card.); Willow- Creek Canyon, August, 1895, Alice Eastwood yj (fruit). Arizona: Ten miles east of Holbrook, June 22, 1901, L. F. Ward (flowers); Lee's Ferry, 1890, M. E. Jones. Amsonia texana (A. Gray) Heller of the Flora of Colorado and Coulter & Nelson's Manual is A. latifolia Jones. A. brevifolia A. Gray, and A. tomentosa Torr. have been collected in southern Utah. 466 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora ASCLEPIADACEAE Astephanus utahensis Engelm., Philiheriella cynanchoides (Dec.) Vail and P. heterophylla (Engelm.) Vail, Asclepias erosaTorr., A' macrosperma Eastw. and A. labriformis Jones have been collected in Utah ; Acerates lanuginosa (Nutt.) DC, in the Yellowstone Park; Asclepias ovatijolia, in Saskatchewan; and Asclepias mexica?ia Cav., in Idaho. CONVOLVULACEAE Cressa erecta Rydb. sp. nov. Stem branched, with a woody base, erect, 2-3 dm. high with erect branches, silvery canescent; leaves elliptic, 5-7 mm. long, acute at both ends, sessile, silvery canescent; pedicels in fruit 6-10 mm. long, usually exceeding the leaves; bracts elliptic, 3 mm. long; sepals 4-5 mm. long, oval, equaling the corolla-tube; corolla white; lobes elliptic, acutish, rarely spreading; filaments filiform, slightly pubescent; ovary densely pubescent; styles fili- form. This differs from C. depressa Goodding in the erect stem and branches, the more silvery pubescence, the longer pedicels (in C. depressa shorter than the leaves) and the comparatively narrower corolla-lobes. Utah: Near Beck's Hot Springs, Salt Lake County, July, 1905, Garrett 8'joj (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.)- CUSCUTACEAE Cuscuta curta (Engelm.) Rydb. sp. nov. Cuscuta Gronovii curta Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, i : 507. 1859. In saline districts of Utah and Colorado. POLEMONIACEAE Dr. Brand* reduces the amply distinct Phlox muscoides Nutt. to * Pflanzenreich, Vol. 4, Fam. 250. The following pages contain a good deal of criticism of Dr. Brand's monograph of this family. The monograph is one of the best, differing in that respect from most works done by Europeans on American plants. The citation of publication is very carefully prepared, correct, and com- plete; but Dr. Brand has fallen into the same errors as most foreigners do, in not trying to find out exactly what the types are or what plants the descriptions really represent. He made definite pronunciations as to species he had never seen, and made synonyms from mere guesses. My criticisms are limited to the Rocky Mountain species. If the Pacific Slope species are considered, probably as many more incon- gruities could be pointed out. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 467 a subspecies of P. caespitosa and makes P. Covillei E. Nels. and P. condensata (Gray) E. Nels. varieties of this subspecies. It is evident that Dr. Brand does not know what P. muscoides is; for the only Montana specimen he cites is Rydberg & Bessey 4815, which belongs to Phlox caespitosa and is so referred in my Flora of Montana. He also cites two specimens from California, Coville 2072 from Mount Whitney and Hildehrand from Silver Mountains and also one frorn Charleston Mountains, Nevada, Piirpus 6111. Phlox muscoides Nutt. is unknown to both California and Nevada. Neither P. Covillei nor P. condensata is closely related to P. muscoides. The relationship of P. muscoides is with P. hryoides on one hand, and P. Hoodii on the other; and the calyx is arachnoid- villous, not glandular as in P. caespitosa. Dr. Brand made Phlox alhomarginata M. E. Jones, P. costata R\db., P. collina Rydb. and P. diapensioides Rydb. varieties of P. Kelseyi, while he kept P. alyssifolia Greene as distinct and described a new species, P, variabilis, from material which I had included in P. collina. It is evident that Dr. Brand did not know the plants he was so treating. Under his \-ar. alhomarginata he gives the following distribution : "Montana (nach Jones) — Wyoming: Cooper Creek (Nelson n. 4336)." Evidently he had not seen Jones's specimens and Nelson 4336 is typical P. Kelseyi, and has nothing of the habit of P. albomar- ginata. Under each of his var. collina and var. diapensioides he gives the following: "Montana (nach Rydberg)." In other words, he had seen no specimens. Under his var. costata he gives: "Mon- tana: Madison Co. (Nelson 5148)." This number is not found in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, but judging from the rest I am inclined to think that this determination is just as unreliable. It may be that 514S is a misprint for 5418, which is labeled Phlox Kelseyi, and should be referred to it, but is not typical. It has nothing to do with P. costata. Furthermore, P. costata is not closely related to P. Kelseyi, but intermediate be- tween P. multiflora A. Nels. and P. glabrata (A. Nels.) Brand, but with a densely pubescent calyx. In vay opinion, P. alyssoides Greene, P. collina Rydb., and P. 468 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora variabilis Brand are one and the same species. I included Hall & Harbour 454 in the original description of P. collina, and I have no reason for changing my opinion. There is no essential difference between my diagnosis of P. collina and Brand's characterization of P. variabilis, except that I described the leaves as "oblong or ovate " and Brand gives them as "linear." The specimens in the Colum- bia University herbarium of Hall & Harbour 454 have oblong leaves, hence agreeing better with my description. Furthermore, P. alyssoides {= P. collina), as I understand it, has been collected at several places In both Utah and Wyoming, and why not also in Colorado ? Professor A. Nelson in Coulter & Nelson's New Manual has followed Dr. Brand's treatment of this group very closely. It would have been much better for him to find out the real facts. Brand's description of P. Douglasii is not correct; he describes the calyx as eglandulose-pilose, while the duplicate of the type in the Columbia University herbarium is densely glandular. Phlox dasyphylla Brand is not better than P. variabilis, being only a small-flowered and narrow-leaved form of P. multiflora, not uncommon in Colorado and Wyoming. Phlox densa Brand is a low condensed from of P. austro- montana, more like the type than Phlox austromontana prostrata E. Nels., which Dr. Brand regards as a mere variety. The only one of Dr. Brand's new species from the Rockies that I regard as good is P. glabrata (E. Nels.) Brand (P. Hoodii glabrata E. Nels.). In describing Phlox aciileata* Prof. A. Nelson compares it with the P. caespitosa group. The intercostal portion of the calyx is replicate, however, which would associate it with P. Stansbmyi. I can not distinguish it from P. viridis E. Nels. Dr. Brand's conception of Gilia congesta Hooker is entirely wrong. He regards G. iberidifolia Benth. as the typical G. con- gesta. A duplicate of Douglas's plant is found in the Columbia University herbarium, and a closer study of the same shows that it is the same as Jenney's plant from the Black Hills, which con- stituted a part of G. spicata capitata A. Gray, and my number 886, also from the Black Hills. These two specimens I included in my G. cephaloidea. Unfortunately I did not designate a type and some botanists might claim that Jenney's plant which was first *Bot. Gaz. 52: 270. 1911. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 469 mentioned should be regarded as such. The short characteriza- tion was, however, drawn principally from my number 2^6^ from Lima, Montana, and this is marked in our herbarium as the type. Since more specimens have been seen, both of the Montana plant and of that from the Black Hills, it has become evident that they are not exactly the same. As the Montana plant is marked as the type, I now limit my G. cephaloidea to it. If Jenney's plant or my 886 were to be regarded as the type of G, cephaloidea, this would become a synonym of G. congesta and the Montana plant should have a new name. As it is, the G. cephaloidea of Brand's monograph should become G. congesta Hooker, and Brand's G. congesta is G. iberidifolia Benth. Brand divides the Gilia spicata group in two divisions: one containing G. spicata, G. glohularis and G. trifida, with the corolla- lobes (in dry state) dark purple ; and G. cephaloidea and G. congesta, with lobes of the corolla (in dry state) whitish. The dark purple color is simply due to poor drying. Dr. Brand also describes the corollas of G. spicata as purple. In fact they are greenish white. We have specimens of G. spicata which still retain the greenish white color. Such a distinction is scarcely scientific. Under Gilia congesta iberidifolia, Dr. Brand gives as synonyms G. spergnlifolia Rydb. and G. roseata Rydb. Evidently Dr. Brand had not seen a specimen of G. roseata. This is perhaps closer related to his own G. glohularis than to G. iberidifolia, except that the stems are branched and bear several heads. He had seen a specimen of Baker 334, which I referred to G. spergulifolia. When doing so I had in mind only the specimen in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. I do not know by what this number may be represented elsewhere. However, I can not distinguish this from Nelson 5430, which Dr. Brand refers to the var. crebrifolia, evidently not knowing that the var. Merrillii {G. Merrillii A. Nels.) is the original G. crebrifolia Nutt. A duplicate of the type is in the Columbia University herbarium. The synonomy of this group of Gilias is therefore very mixed. In order to straighten out the matter I give the following synonymy: Gilia spicata Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. II. i: 156. 1848. 470 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora GiLiA GLOBULARis Brand, Pflanzenreich 4.^^°: 120. 1907. Gilia spicata capitata A. Gray, Proc. Ani. Acad. 8: 274 (as to type). 1870. Gilia cephaloidea Rydb. Fl. Colo. 277, in part. 1906. Cilia cephaloidea Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 293 (as to the Montana plant). 1897. Gilia congesta Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 75. 1838. Gilia spicata capitata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2^: 144, in part. 1878. Gilia cephaloidea Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 293, in part. 1897.— Brand, Pflanzenreich 42"°: 121. 1907. Gilia iberidifolia Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. & Kew Misc. 3 : 290. 1851. Gilia congesta iberidifolia Brand, Pflanzenreich 4-'^°: 121. 1907. Gilia nuda (Eastw.) Rydb. Gilia congesta nuda Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. H. 6: 308. 1896. Gilia roseata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 633. 1904. Gilia spergulifolia Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club. 31: 633. 1904. Gilia congesta crebrifolia S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 5: 268, in part. 1 87 1. Gilia congesta iberidifolia crebrifolia Brand, Pflanzenreich 4-^'': 121. 1907. Gilia crebrifolia Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. H. i: 156. 1848. Gilia congesta crebrifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 273. 1870. Gilia Merrillii A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 34: 27. 1902. Gilia congesta iberidifolia Merrillii Brand, Pflanzenreich 4.-^°: 122. 1907. Gilia Burleyana A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 54: 144. 1912. This species also belongs to this group. Prof. Nelson stated in the original description: "Until now this section contained no perennials." Both G. iberidifolia and G. roseata are perennials. Gray divides the group in "annuals and short lived perennials or biennials." Gilia palmifrons (Brand) Rydb. sp. nov. Gilia congesta palmifrons Brand, Pflanzenreich 4-='^: 122. 1907. I think also that Dr. Brand has misidentified Gilia trifida Nutt. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 471 Dr. Brand evidently drew his description from Jones 5949, the only specimen he cited. He described the stamens as being in- serted in the middle of the corolla-tube, while Nuttall described them as inserted in the throat. I have not seen Nuttall's type, but I have collected in the region of the type locality, Scott's Bluffs, Nebraska. The only species growing there are G. spicata and G. iheridifolia. I believe that Dr. Gray interpreted G. trifida Nutt. correctly as a depauperate form of G. spicata. If this is correct, Brand's G. trifida must receive a new name. Gilia frutescens Rydb. sp. nov. Fruticose, perennial; stems woody below, branched above, 3-5 dm. high; herbaceous branches 2-3 dm., sparingly pubescent; leaves linear, glabrous or nearly so, simple, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, callous-tipped; flowers capitate at the ends of the branches; calyx crisp-hairy; teeth lanceolate, cuspidate, shorter than the tube; corolla white, 5-6 mm. long, salvershaped ; tube barely exserted; lobes about 2.5 mm. long, oval, acute; stamens inserted in the throat; filaments short; style glabrous, nearly as long as the corolla tube. The type was labeled Gilia midtiflora, to which it is not related. It belongs to the G. iheridifolia group, and has as entire leaves as G. spergulifolia and G. crebrifolia, but the habit is dift'erent. It differs from all its relatives in the tall shrubby habit. The other species are at most suffruticose and less than 3 dm. high. Utah: Springdale, May 14, 1894, M. E. Jones 5247 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.; duplicate in U. S. Nat. Herb. wo. 326910). Dr. Brand has treated the G. aggregata group as carelessly as that of the G. congesta relatives. It is evident that he has had no specimens of G. Candida Rydb. and still he makes it Gilia aggregata var. attenuata forma Candida, giving Callisteris leucantha Greene as another synonym. If he had only read my description, he would not have committed this blunder, for I distinctly pointed out that the lobes of the corolla in G. Candida are rounded or obtuse at the apex like those of G. longiflora. It is a plant with the habit and leaves of G. aggregata and the corolla of G. longiflora. Both Callisteris attenuata and C. leucantha have attenuate corolla- lobes and the former is a white-flowered form of Gilia pulchella Dougl.,* a species wholly omitted by Dr. Brand. Dr. Brand cited * Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 74. 1838. 472 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora two specimens under the forma Candida, viz. Nelson 41Q8 (should have been 41 8q) and Clements 13. The former is a white-flowered form of G. pulchella, the latter belongs to Gilia scariosa Rydb. Dr. Brand did not notice the different structure of the calyx, which places G. scariosa close to G. aggregata Bridgesii A. Gray, Nelson in the New Manual has also confused things. Gilia scariosa is made a synonym of G. aggregata and G. Candida of G. attenuata. He has also overlooked the characters of the calyx of G. scariosa and the rounded corolla-lobes of G. Candida. Gilia arizonica (Greene) Rydb. Callisteris arizonica Greene, Leaflets i: 160. 1905. Gilia aggregata typica arizonica Brand, Pflanzenreich 4-^": 115. 1907. Gilia tenuituba Rydb. sp. nov. Biennial; stem about 3 dm. high, finely glandular-puberulent; leaves pinnatifid with narrowly linear, puberulent, cuspidate divi- sions; inflorescence a thyrsoid panicle, puberulent; flowers short- pedicelled; calyx campanulate, glandular-puberulent, distinctly scarious in the sinuses; teeth lance-subulate, cuspidate, longer than the tube; corolla flesh-colored, nearl}^ 4 cm. long; tube slender, I mm. thick below and 2 mm. at the throat; lobes narrowly lanceo- late, attenuate, nearly i cm. long; stamens unequally inserted far down the corolla-tube, included ; style slender, about equaling the corolla-tube. Utah: Beaver City, 1877, E. Palmer J2Q (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.). This is also related to G. aggregata. Gilia hutchinsifolia Rydb. sp. nov. Gilia arenaria rubella Brand, Pflanzenreich 4-^": 103. 1907. This differs from G. arenaria Benth. and G. sinnata Dougl. in the acute corolla-lobes and broad and again lobed divisions of the leaves. The description " Caidis inferne (an morbo?) riifo- lanatus," from which Dr. Brand adopted the varietal name, is wholly erroneous. The red coloring is simply grains of red sand adhering to the specimens. This is the reason of my not adopting the varietal name. Gilia straminea Rydb. sp. nov. Annual; stem 2-3 dm. high, glabrous, or rarely slightly glandu- lar-puberulent above, straw-colored, simple below, with a few Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 473 almost erect branches above; basal leaves glabrous, firm, 1-2 cm. long, pinnately lobed, with lanceolate cuspidate-tipped lobes; stem-leaves sessile and partly clasping, lanceolate, sharply dentate with cuspidate teeth or entire; calyx-tube campanulate, 2 mm. long, somewhat scarious in the sinuses, sparingly glandular- puberulent; teeth subulate, i mm. long; corolla trumpet-shaped, 7-8 mm. long; tube nearly twice as long as the calyx; capsule exceeding the calyx; seeds 5 or 6 in each cell. This is related to G. sinuata, but differs in the simple, straw- colored, essentially glabrous stem, the glabrous, pale green leaves, and the form and toothing of the stem-leaves. Utah: St. George, 1877, E. Palmer 325 * in part (type, in herb. Columbia Univ.) ; also 326. Dr. Brand reduced Gilia Tweedyi Rydb. to a variety of G. minutiflora, without having seen a specimen. I do not think that it is rational to do so, for in G. Tweedyi the pod is not i -seeded, but bears 1-3, usually 2, seeds in each cell, i. e., it is 4-seeded. The plant is more closely related to G. inconspicua. Dr. Brand made Gilia Haydeni A. Gray a variety of G. subnuda Torr., and gave G. Crandallii Rydb. as a synonym of this variety. Professor Nelson regarded G. Crandallii as the same as G. subnuda and gave G. Haydeni and G. superba Eastw. as varieties of the same. Both arrangements are incorrect. G. superba Eastw. is the typical G. subnuda Torr. characterized by the orange or scarlet corolla. In both G. Haydeni and G. Crandallii the corolla is rose-colored. They are quite distinct from G. subnuda and in my opinion distinct from each other. Dr. Brand's treatment of Leptodactylon pungens (Torr.) Nutt. or Gilia pungens (Torr.) Benth. and its relatives is far from satis- factory. He divides it in two subspecies: subsp. A. eu-pungens and subsp. B. Hallii (Gilia Hallii Parish), which is a matter of taste, but he also divides the former in four varieties: a. Hookeri (Dougl.) Brand; b. caespitosa (Nutt.) Brand; c. tenuiloba (Parish) Brand; and d. devestita Brand. The first variety is based on Gilia Hookeri Benth. To make this species a variety of G. caespitosa could be also passed over, as * The same number in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden is entirely different, and belongs to Gilia hutchinsifolia. Maybe some mixing of the labels occurred. 474 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora a matter of taste, but Dr. Brand in his treatment usually meant by the variety a the typical form. If that is his intention here, he is wholly mistaken, for the type is not viscid. Torrey's type should be placed under his variety h. caespitosa, and is exactly like Goodding 32 and Parry 2j6 from Wyoming, which Dr. Brand also refers to that variety. In fact Dr. Brand seems not to know Leptodactyliim caespitosum Nutt. {Gilia pimgens caespitosa A. Gray) , although he adopts this name for a variety which proves to be the original G. pimgens. Leptodactylon caespitosum is amply distinct, not only by the characters given by Dr. Gray, but also by the 4-merous flowers and the stamens inserted in the tube. All the other species have 5-merous flowers. Gilia Hookeri is confined to the western slope and does not extend into Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, as stated by Dr. Brand. The following specimens are wrongly referred to it: Elmer j02 is typical G. pimgens; Jones 1784 and MacDoiigal i8j belong to G. pimgens squarrosa A. Gray. The Matthews' specimens I have not seen, but I think they also are wrongly referred to it. Of the specimens cited under the variety devestita, all I have seen belong to typical G. pimgens, some of them having slightly longer leaves than the type, but not all. Leptodactylon brevifolium Rydb. sp. nov. Suffruticose, branched perennial, 1-2 dm. high; stems puberu- lent and slightly glandular above; leaves 3-5 mm. long,'glandular- puberulent or glabrate, 3-5-divided into subulate, acerose, ascend- ing divisions; calyx about 8 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; teeth subulate-acerose, much shorter than the tube; corolla trum- pet-shaped, about 15 mm. long; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla. This is related to Leptodactylon pimgens (Torr.) Nutt. and L. Hookeri (Dougl.) Rydb. {Phlox Hookeri Dougl.; Gilia Hookeri Benth.) but has much shorter leaves. The habit and flower are more like the former, but the calyx and young foliage are more or less glandular, though not so copiously so as in the latter. Utah: Juniper Range, iSgS, Piirpus 6jo6 (type, in U. S. Nat. Herb.; duplicate in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Cedar City, M. E. Jones 5204a; Montezuma Canyon, Eastiuood; rocky hills on the San Juan, Neivherry. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 475 PCoLORADO: Gunnison, Aug. i6, 1901, Baker 830 (doubtful, without flower). New Mexico: Cedar Hill, San Juan County, Standley 7998. Washington: Coulee City to Ephrata, June 1902, Griffiths & Cotton 471. Nevada: Panaca, V. Bailey 197 1. Dr. Brand excluded Gilia caespitosa A. Gray not only from the genus but also from the family. He makes the following remark: "Species foliis calcareo-glandulosis ab omnibus Polemoniaceis valde abhorret; fortasse Saxifragaceis attributa est." The leaves are by no means "calcareo-glandulosis," but merely viscid-pubescent as described by Dr. Gray. In the type they are covered by grains of sand, that is all. It is without doubt a species of Gilia and probably, as Dr. Gray suggested, related to G. siihnuda, but as the corolla was unknown the placing in the genus was uncertain. One thing is certain, it should not be placed next to G. rigidula as it is in the Synoptical Flora. The duplicate of the type in the National Herbarium bears a single withered and partly torn corolla; this is trumpet-shaped and about i cm. long; the real structure is not possible to make out, but the plant is prob- ably related to G. suhnuda. Dr. Brand gives Micranthes diffusa as a synon>'m under Gilia gracilis subspecies humidis var. micrantJia, while he cites Heller 3098 (its type) under G. gracilis subsp. eu-gracilis var. eritrichoides , which shows carelessness in identifying the different forms de- scribed. In the Columbia University herbarium there is a dupli- cate of Douglas's collection, which shows that Brand's var. eritrichoides is the typical form of Microsteris gracilis (Dougl.) Greene. Dr. Gray in his Synoptical Flora* segregated out Gilia aristella from material he had previously included in Collomia linearis suhidata. The latter he regarded as the same as Collomia tinctoria Kellogg. Notwithstanding this judgment of Dr. Gray, which always will weigh considerably. Dr. Brand made Collomia aristella (A. Gray) Rydb. a synonym of C. tinctoria Kellogg, while he named C. tinctoria subulata (A. Gray) Brand from Gray's variety C. *2i: Suppl. 408. 1886. 476 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora linearis suhulata. Dr. Brand did not give any reason for this change. Furthermore, he did not cite any specimens of his C. iinctoria from CaHfornia and I have seen no specimens of C. aristella from that state. Of the variety suhulata, on the contrary, there are several collections from CaHfornia in our herbaria. There is nothing either in Kellogg's description or in his figure which would indicate that Dr. Gray had made a misinterpretation. Kellogg's figure is drawn from a young, simple, undeveloped plant, and the peculiar branching of the var. suhulata in age does not show. Whether C. tinctoria and C. aristella should be united into one species is another question, but in such a case the variety suhulata should have been made the species, viz., C. tinctoria Kellogg, and C. aristella a variety thereof ; and this for the follow- ing reason: The variety suhulata is certainly found in the type region of Collomia tinctoria, v/hile C. aristella apparently is not. Seen from another standpoint, the local and more specialized C. aristella must be regarded as the derivative of the more common and less specialized C. tinctoria (i. e,, the var. suhulata). Brand transferred Gilia sinister M. E. Jones to Collomia without having seen the plant. This was probably because Mr. Jones placed it in the Collomia section and compared it with G. aristella. But Jones also made the following statement: "This has the general appearance of G. inconspicua, but without the basal leaves." The relationship is also with G. inconspicua. Several of the species of that group have the calyx enlarged somewhat in fruit; this is true in G. sinister, but it is at last ruptured by the capsule and does not have the structure of the calyx in Collomia. It is in my opinion a true Gilia. Dr. Brand included a number of forms, in my judgment several good species, under Polemonium pulcherrimum Hook. He divides it in three subspecies, tricolor, delicatum, and parvifolium. The first is separated by its tricolored flowers and equals P. tricolor Eastw. The other two subspecies he separated only by the length of the leaflets, a very poor character to use for separating sub- species.* He overlooked the fact that in all these forms included * Under var. Haydenii Dr. Brand made the following remarks: "The forms from the southern Rocky Mountains, which could be counted to this, are better to be regarded as depauperate forms of subsp. delicatum." Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora 477 in the subspecies delicatum, the stem is pubescent with long white spreading hairs and the leaflets are decidedly acute, while in the forms included in the subspecies parvifoUum, the stem is merely puberulent and the leaflets usually obtuse. The specimens cited under the subspecies delicatum belong to three or four dift'erent species. Those from Colorado and Utah belong to P. scopulinum Greene and P. delicatum Rydb., which perhaps may not be specifically distinct. Those from California belong to P. calijornicum Eastw. Those from Washington and perhaps those from Oregon to an undescribed species, characterized below. The subspecies parvifoUum was divided in var. a Haydenii and var. j3 pilosum (= P. pilosum Greenman). It is very hard to interpret Dr. Brand's arrangement. He gives under the sub- species parvifoUum the following synonyms: P. parvifoUum Nutt.; P. coeruleum J. Hook.; P. mexicanum Nutt.; P. viscosiim A. Gray, not Nutt., but cited no specimens. His usage as well as that of most European botanists is to designate the typical form by var, a. Hence var. a Haydenii is the typical form of subsp. parvifoUum, and still under this he has the following synonyms: P. Haydeni A. Nels., P. montrosense A. Nels., and P. Tevisii Eastw. P. parvi- foUum Nutt. is the same as P. mexicanum Nutt. and P. viscosum A. Gray, and is characterized by its small dense inflorescence and its obtuse calyx-lobes, or the latter even rounded at the apex; but it is not the same as P. coeruleum 7 Hook., or P. Haydeni A. Nels., or P Tevisii Eastw. Polemonium coeruleum 7 Hook, is the original P. pulcherrimum Hook., and this should have been made subsp. A var a, according to Brand's system. P. Haydeni resembles it closely in flowers, leaves and pubescence, but differs considerably in general habit and the inflorescence. Polemonium columbianum Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial, with a branched rootstock and caudex; stems several, 2-3 dm. high, viscid-pubescent with flattened hairs, and distinctly glandular in the inflorescence; leaves 5-15 cm. long, likewise sparingly viscid-pubescent, pinnate; leaflets 9-19, elliptic or lance-elliptic, acute, 1.5-3 cm. long; inflorescence corymbiform- paniculate; calyx about 6 mm. long, glandular-puberulent and 478 Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora pubescent; lobes lanceolate, acute, fully equaling the tube; corolla 10-12 mm. long, open-campanulate, violet with yellowish base; lobes rounded-truncate at the apex; stamens two thirds to three fourths as long as style and slightly longer than the corolla. This resembles P. scopulinum Greene in habit, but is a larger plant with much larger flowers. It grows in the mountains of Idaho and Washington at an altitude of 1,500-2,000 m. Idaho : Divide between St. Joseph and Clearwater Rivers, July 9, 1896, Leiberg 1205 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Wies- ner's Peak, July 8, 1892, Sandberg, MacDoiigal & Heller 1049. Washington: Wenatchee Mountains, July, 1897, Elmer 456; Goat Mountain, Aug. 12, 1896, Allen 262; Clallam, July, 1900, Elmer 281 q; Palace Camp, 1883, Mrs. Bailey Willis. Polemonium intermedium (Brand) Rydb. sp. nov. Polemoniiim occidentale intermedium Brand, Pflanzenreich 4^^°: 33- 1907- This I think is well worth specific rank. It is confined to the Columbia River region of Idaho, Washington, and British Columbia. Dr. Brand regarded Polemonium speciosum Rydb. as a good species. Professor Nelson on the other hand makes it a variety of P. mellitum (A. Gray) A. Nels., which is evidently erroneous. If it should be made a variety of any of the verticillate species of Polemonium, it should have been of P. viscosum Nutt. or rather of P. Grayanum Rydb., which species Professor Nelson does not regard as distinct. P. speciosum has a short blue corolla and subcapitate inflorescence. HYDROLEACEAE Hydrophyllum Watsonii (A. Gray) Rydb. sp. nov. Hydrophyllum occidentale Watsonii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 314. 1875. Miltitzia foliosa (Jones) Rydb. Emmenanthe foliosa M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 278. 1893. The Miltitzia section of Emmenanthe of Gray's Synoptical Flora, I think is generically distinct from Emmenanthe proper, Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 479 and DeCandolIe's genus Miltitzia should be restored. The latter genus is represented in the Rocky Mountain region by this and the two following species. Miltitzia salina (A. Nels.) Rydb. Emmenanthe salina A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 381. 1898. Miltitzia scopulina (A. Nels.) Rydb. Emmenanthe scopulina A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 380. 1898. Phacelia orbicularis Rydb. sp. nov. Biennial or annual; stems 1-2 dm. high, glandular-villous, often tinged with red, branched; leaves petioled; blades subor- bicular in outline, crenately lobed, i».5-2.5 cm. long, hirsute as well as glandular; racemes many-flowered; calyx-lobes oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse, 3 mm. long; corolla purplish, 6 mm. long, campanulate-funnelform; lobes crenulate; filaments about twice as long as the corolla; seeds faveolate, crenately lobed on the margins and the median ridge. This is related to P. integrifolia, but the plant is smaller and the leaf-blades shorter and broader. Utah: Marvin Laccelite, 1894, M. E. Jones 5663 (type, in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Phacelia crenidata Torr., P. hicolor Torr., P. affinis A. Gray, P. glechomaefolia A. Gray, P. hispida A. Gray, P. humilis T. & G., P. demissa A. Gray, P. Palmeri Torr. (not P. Palmeri Vasey & Rose), P. pinetorum Jones, and P. pusilla Torr. have been collected in Utah; P. glandulifera Piper and P. ramosissima Dough, in Idaho. I cannot distinguish P. luleopurpurea A. Nels. from P. glandulifera Piper. Capnorea incana Greene, C. nana (Lindl.) Raf., C. nervosa Greene, and C. Watsoniana Greene have been col- lected in Idaho; the first one also in Montana and the last one in Wyoming; Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth. and Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. in Utah. BORAGINACEAE Gruvelia setosa (A. Gray) Rydb. Pectocarya setosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 1877. I think that the genus Gruvelia A. DC. should be restored, being quite distinct from Pectocarya. The only other species is G. pusilla A. DC, the type of the genus. 4S0 Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora Professor Nelson both in the original diagnosis* and in Coulter & Nelson's New Manualf described Lappula erecta as having the marginal prickles in a single row, but a duplicate of the type in the Columbia University herbarium and all specimens distributed as Lappida erecta by Professor Nelson himself in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden have a double row of marginal prickles, the prickles of the outer row being somewhat smaller than those of the inner. Oreocarya pustulosa Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial, branched at the base; stems 3-5 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so throughout, lower leaves linear-oblanceolate, the upper linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, green, glabrous beneath, sparingly hair}- above; the hairs short and at least in age with conspicuous pustulate bases; flowers paniculate; branches racemose, not secund; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; sepals triangular- lanceolate, acute; corolla white; tube not exceeding the calyx; limb 5-6 mm. broad; lobes orbicular; fruit depressed -globose; nutlets smooth, nearly white, mottled with light brown, more or less separated from each other on the margins, often not all maturing. This is related to Oreocarya nniUicauUs (Torr.) Greene, 0, suffrnticosa (Torr.) Greene and the Mexican 0. Palmeri Greene. It differs from the first two in the glabrous stem, green leaves, and light nutlets, and from 0. Palmeri in broader leaves and different habit. It grows in canyons at an altitude of 1,700-2,000 m. Utah: Hammond Canyon, Elk Mountains, July 31, 1911, Rydberg & Garrett 9320 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); also same locality, Aug. 9, 1911, 9569; Dry Wash, southwest of Abajo Mountains, August 10, 9590. Oreocarya Macounii Eastw. sp. nov. Biennial or perennial with a slender tap-root; stem slender, 1-2 dm. high, sparingly hirsute; leaves narrowly linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, sparingly hirsute; inflorescence racemiform with short branches; corolla white, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; nutlets ovate, obtuse, 2 mm. long, acutely margined, rounded on the back and coarseh- muricate. Saskatchewan: Moose Mountain Creek, July 6, 1880, John * Bull. Torrey Club 27: 268. 1900. t 412. 1909. Rydberg: Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 481 Macoun; also a specimen from Hooker's herbarium without date, probably collected by Richardson, at Carlton House. (Both in herb. Columbia University.) Cryptanthe flexiiosa A. Nelson is, I think, the same as C. calycosa (A. Gray) Rydb., and C. murkulata montana A. Nels. should be referred to C. amhigua (A. Gray) Greene, and C. Hill- mani A. Nels. to C. Watsoni (A. Gray) Greene. C. flaccida (A. Gray) Greene has been collected in Idaho; C. reciirvata Coville, in Utah and Colorado. Mertensia coriacea A. Nels. is the same as M. lanceolata Pursh. Professor Nelson gives the range of M. lanceolata as Colorado and Wyoming. The type came from western Montana. M. perplexa is not the same as M. coriacea, as stated by Professor Nelson, but belongs to the M. alpina group with subsessile anthers. Anchusa officinalis L. and Asperugo procumhens L. have been collected in Colorado; Plagiohotrys arizoniciis (Gray) Greene in Utah; P. tenellus A. Gray in Idaho; Cynoglossum officinale L. in Wyoming and Montana; Eremocarya muricata Rydb. in Utah; Lithospermiim arvense L. in Utah; Mertensia brachycalyx Piper in Idaho; M. pulchella Piper, M. nutans Howell, and M. longiflora Greene in Idaho and Montana; Amsinckia hispidissima Suksd., A. retrorsa Suksd. and A. micrantha Suksd. have been collected in Idaho. Pectocarya miser A. Nels. I can not distinguish from P. peni- cillata (H. & A.) A. DC. Eddya hispidissima Torrey has been collected in Utah. VERBENACEAE Verbena remota Benth. was collected in southeastern Utah in 191 1 by Professor Garrett and myself. Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. is very rare in the region and V. canadensis (L.) Britton does not occur at all. The range given in Coulter & Nelson's New Manual is erroneous. The group is represented in the Rocky Mountains by V. ambrosifolia Rydb., V. Gooddingii Briq., and V. ciliata Benth. LAMIACEAE Lamium amplexicaide L. has been collected in Colorado; Micromeria Douglasii Benth. and Trichostoma ohlongnm Benth., in Idaho. 482 Rydberg: Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora Monarda Nuttallii A. Nels. or M. citriodora of Coulter's Manual is Monarda pectinata Nutt. Salvia Columbariae Benth. has been collected in Utah, SCROPHULARIi\CEAE Miss Eastwood has called to my attention that Pentstemon aciiminatus, P. humilis Nutt., and P. glaucus Graham have been misinterpreted. P. acuminatus is a species confined to the Columbia Valley, has a more ample corolla, perfectly glabrous within; the tongue of the sterile filament is strongly curved and only short-bearded at the apex. Whether the so-called P. acuminatus of the Rocky Mountain region is a distinct species or should be included in P. nitidus Dougl. is hard to tell. A duplicate of the type of the latter is in the Columbia University herbarium, but this, as well as several other specimens, does not have the broad, abruptly acuminate bracts, characteristic of the so-called P. acuminatus, but there is no other distinction and inter- mediate forms are not lacking. The original P, humilis Nutt. is, according to Miss Eastwood, the same as P. collinus A. Nels., which therefore passes into synonymy. Dr. Gray in describing P. humilis* makes Nuttall's plant the type, but evidently had another plant mostly in his mind, viz. Parry 25^ and from this we have received our usual idea of P. humilis. This probably should be known as P. albertinus Greene, t which apparently is the same. Professor Nelson gives P. pseudohumilis Rydb. as a synonym, but this is the same as his own P. Owenii. Pentstemon glaucus Graham does not belong to the group where Dr. Gray placed it and has nothing to do with the Rocky Mountain plant P. stenosepalus (Gray) Howell (P. glaucus stenosepalus A. Gray), but belongs to the P. cofifertus group. It is evidently the same as P. pinetorum Piper or closely related to it. Pentstemon Macbridei A. Nels.| and P. perpulcher A. Nels. are apparently P. Cusickii A. Gray and P. unilateralis Rydb., respec- tively. A duplicate of the type of P. Cusickii is in the herbarium * Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 69. 1862. t Leaflets 1 : 167. 1906. t Bot. Gaz. 52: 272, 273. 1911. Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora 483 of Columbia University. The type of P. unilateraUs is in that of the New York Botanical Garden. Recently botanists have overlooked the fact that in P. speciosus, the anthers are perfectly glabrous and not short-bearded as in P. glaher. Dr. Gray over- looked the fact that Pentstemon hiimilis Nuttall is a member of the P. erianthera group and closely related to P. miser A. Gray, and placed it near P. caespitosus Nutt. Gray's two varieties of P. humilis, however, have nothing to do with it, and belong to the P. caespitosus group. The variety Thompsoniae has been already raised to specific rank and var. incanus is probably a form of it. Pentstemon Leonardi Rydb. sp. nov. Low perennial, suffruticose at the base; stems 1-2 dm. high, leafy, glabrous or minutely puberulent; leaves oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, short-petioled, glabrous; inflorescence short and often somewhat secund ; calyx glabrous, about 6 mm. long; lobes lanceo- late, acuminate, not scarious-margined ; corolla 12-15 mm. long, rose-purple, only slightly ampliate, glabrous within; anthers horseshoe-shaped, saccate, opening only on the proximal one third, hispidulous on the margins of the pores, otherwise glabrous. This belongs to the P. azureus group and has been confused with P. Kingii, but the leaves are broader and glabrous, the corolla less ampliate, the sepals not glandular and more acuminate. It differs from P. platyphyllus in the low habit and the smaller ob- lanceolate leaves. Utah: Diehl's Grove, Wahsatch Mountains, Aug. i, 1884, Leonard (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ; Deer Creek, M. E. Jones; Wahsatch Mountains, July, 1888, /. H. Paul; Central Utah 1875, Parry 72. Idaho: Franklin Basin, Bear River Range, July 24, 1910, C. P. Smith 2278. Mimulus Eastwoodiae Rydb. sp. nov. Mimulus cardinalis Eastw. Bull. Calif. Acad. II. 6: 312. 1896. Not M. cardinalis Dougl. 1842. Perennial, with rootstock and stolons; stem 1-2 dm. long, viscid-villous; leaves sessile, coarsely dentate, viscid-villous, 3-5- ribbed, sessile, 2-5 cm. long, the lower cuneate and truncate, the upper obovate or broadly oblanceolate and acute; stolons 1-3 cm. long, rooting at the end and nodes; their leaves less than i cm. 484 Rydberg : Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora long; flowers mostly solitary; pedicels 1-4 cm. long; calyx nar- rowly funnelform, strongly 5-angled; lobes nearly equal, lanceo- late, about half as long as the tube; corolla crimson, 3-4 cm. long, scarcely ventricose; anthers sparingly bearded. This is related to Mimulus cardinalis, to which Miss Eastwood referred it with some hesitation. She also pointed out the low habit and more sharply toothed leaves, but did not notice the most striking feature of the plant, viz., its stolons, which are sent out after blooming. By means of these the plant, growing as it does in crevices of perpendicular or overhanging cliffs, can propa- gate itself in every direction. Wherever a stolon touches the rock and the root can get a foothold, a new plant is formed, even under the overhanging rocks. In the latter case the plantlet formed will be growing, the following year, with the roots up and the flowers down. Utah: In cervices of perpendicular or overhanging rocks, along San Juan River, near Bluffs, August 25-29, 191 1, Rydberg 9883 (type) ; also the same locality. Miss Eastwood. Veronica Buxhaumii Tenore has been collected in Utah and V. arvensis L. in Idaho. Veronica peregrina L. is not found in the Rocky Mountain region. All specimens so named from there belong to V. xalapensis H. B. K. Antirrhinum Cooperi A. Gray and A. Kingii S. Wats, have both been collected in Utah; Mon- niera rotundifolia Michx. in Montana; Gratiola ehracteata Benth. in Montana and Idaho. Triphysaria hispida (Benth.) Rydb. Orthocarpus hispidus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835. In the genus Cordylanthus [Adenostegia] Coulter & Nelson* have transposed the color characters of the corolla of C. Wrightii and C. ramosa. Adenostegia capitata (Nutt.) Greene has been collected in Idaho and A. canescens is common around Great Salt Lake. Cordylanthus bicolor A. Nels. is evidently the same as Adenostegia ciliosa Rydb. Castilleja subcinerea Rydb. sp. nov. Perennial with a branched short caudex; stems 3-5 dm. high, canescent-strigose, stout; leaves more or less canescent, strongly * See Manual 462. 1909. Rydberg : Studies ox the Rocky Mountain flora 485 3-ribbed, 5-7 cm. long, the lowest entire, linear, the upper 3-cleft; bracts broadly cuneate in outline, 5-7-cleft, canescent, the lower graj'ish green, the upper tinged with yellow and often brown- tipped; calyx canescent, 2.5 cm. long, equally cleft above and below, each lobe 2-cleft; corolla greenish yellow; upper lip 9 mm. long; the lower about 3.5 mm. long, slightly saccate. It may be related to the C. hispida group, but the plant is grayish strigose, and the bracts yellow-tinged. Idaho: Beaver Canyon, June 28, 1895, C. L. Shear 3041 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.) ; also 3038; mountains near Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 4969 (at least in part). Euphrasia mollis (Ledeb.) Wettst. has been collected in Mon- tana; Pedicularis lanata Willd. and P.flammea L. in the Canadian Rockies; P. Oederi Vahl in Montana and P. centranthera A. Gray in Utah and Colorado. OROBANCHACEAE Thalesia purpurea Heller, T. minuta (Suskd.) Rydb. and T. Sedi (Suksd.) Rydb. have been collected in Montana and northern Idaho, and Myzorrhiza pinetorum (Geyer) Rydb. in Idaho. LOBELIACEAE Howellia agtiatilis A. Gray and Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. have been collected in Idaho and Nemadadus ramosissimus Nutt. in south Utah. New York Botanical Garden. PUBLIOATIOIVS The Mew York Botanical Garden Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, con- taining notes, news, and non-technical articles of general interest. Free to all mem- bers of the Garden. To others, lo cents a copy ; ^i.oo a year. [Not offered in ex- change,] Now in its fourteenth volume. Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and otherwise; devoted to fungi, including lichens ; containing technical articles and news and notes of general in- terest, and an index to current American mycological literature. $3.00 a year; single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its fifth volume. Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles embodying results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all members of the Garden ; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its eighth volume. North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America, including_Greenland, the West Indies and Central America. Planned to be com- pleted in 32 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each volume to consist of four or more parts. Subscription price, ^1.50 per part ; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for ^2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange.] Vol. 3, part I, 1910. Nectriaceae — Firaetariaceae. Vol. 7, parti, 1906; part 2, 1907; part 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae — Aecidiaceae (pars). Vol. 9, parts I and 2, 1907; part 3, 1910. Polyporaceae — Agaricaceae (pars). (Parts I and 2 no longer sold separately.) Vol. 16, part I, 1909. Ophioglossaceae — Cyatheaceae (pars). Vol. 17, part I, 1909 ; part 2, 191 2. Typhaceae — Poaceae (pars). Vol. 22, parts I and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908. Podostemonaceae — Rosaceae (pars). Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae — Burseraceae. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the Garden, ^i.oo per volume. To others, $2.00. [Not offered in exchange.] Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix +492 pp., with detailed map. 1900. Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Development, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1903. Vol. Ill, Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischerville, New York, by Arthur Hollick and Edward Charles Jeffrey, viii-j-138 pp., with 29 plates. 19C9. Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. viii -|- 278 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908. Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of tech- nical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In its seventh volume. RECENT NUMBERS 25 CENTS EACH 152. The genus Struthiopteris and its Representatives in North America, by Jean Broadhurst. 153. Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora— XXVII, by P. A. Rydberg. 154. Biochemical Studies of Soils Subjected to Dry Heat, by F. J. Seaver and E. D. Clark. 155. Polycodium, by C. B. Robinson. 156. Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora — XXVIII, by P. A. Rydberg. NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Bronx Park, New York ©«••« ^^s^K^ CiK 17fi R919 9®'^ RydberaPer Axel/Studies o" f|°p,'|,y,!!f|?|yiy|l 3 5185 00133 8332