R166

TECHNICAL REPORT

. A STUDY OF AEROMAGNETIC DATA
NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNT AREA

A. L. KONTIS
and
G. A. YOUNG

Geomagnetics Branch
Marine Surveys Division

MARCH 1965

74) U.S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE
MG WASHINGTON, D.C. 20390

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ABSTRACT

A detailed aeromagnetic survey of a 38,000 square mile area off the coast
of New England was conducted by the Oceanographic Office in 1957. The
survey area contains the continental shelf, slope and rise related to Georges
Bank, and the northwest end of the New England-Bermuda seamount chain.
Analysis of the survey data indicates that the features included in the group
extending from Kelvin to Bear seamounts are highly magnetized, in the order
of 0.01 cgs units, and that the seamounts have little sedimentary cover. The ~
nature of the magnetic anomalies over the seamounts extending from Panulirus
to Mytilus indicates that these features are composed of a less magnetic
material. Based on the correlation between magnetic anomalies and bottom
features, it is probable that the survey area contains several seamounts or
seaknolls that are at present uncharted. The anomalies over the continental
margins are linear in form and reflect structural trends and possible eubing
in the basement beneath Georges Bank.

FOREWORD

The seamount chain extending from Bermuda to Georges Bank is
one of the major features of interest in the ocean areas adjacent
to the east coast of the United States. The U.S. Naval Oceanographic
Office, in its quest for a better understanding of the ocean
environment, has conducted airborne and shipboard magnetic surveys

covering approximately 70% of this seamount chain. This report

presents the results of one of these surveys. | te

Commander
U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office

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INTRODUCTION. ....

DATA REDUCTION... .

ZONE THREE ANOMALIES .

SEAMOUNT ANOMALIES . .

A. Zone One Anomalies

B. Zone Two Anomalies

REFERENGES 2. 2 5 « «

CONTENTS

Page

10

18

FIGURES

THocaltonk Glraictremeuncn cme nmenn ante
AMGACKS CME 6 5 6 6°60 0 6 6
Bathymetric Contour Chart . .
Observed Total Intensity. . .

Observed Magnetic Inclination

Residual Horizontal Intensity .

Anomalous Vertical Intensity.

Slope Area - Residual Total Intensity .

Kelvin Seamount - Observed Versus Computed Profiles

for Two-Dimensional Model

Page

16

17

I. INTRODUCTION

During May 1957, a detailed aeromagnetic survey of a 38,000
square mile area (fig. 1) off Cape Cod was conducted by Project
MAGNET. Gontinuous total magnetic intensity (fig. 4) and inclina-
tion data (fig. 5) were recorded with a Vector Airborne Magnetometer
(Schonstedt and Irons, 1952), along tracks spaced approximately five
miles apart (fig. 2). The flight altitude was 1000 feet, and navi-
gational control, provided by Loran A, was maintained within two
miles. This report presents the data from the survey, and an exam-
ination of the geologic features which may contribute to the magnetic
anomalies.

The survey area covers the northwest end of the New England-
Bermuda seamount chain (Northrop et al, 1960) and a portion of the
continental margins associated with Georges Bank. Figure 3, based
on relatively sparse sounding information, illustrates the general
bathymetry. Computations involving the shape of seamounts however,
are based on the more valid B.C. 0707N and B.C. O708N charts. As
indicated on figure 3, the survey area is separated into 3 geographic
zones, which display diverse magnetic characteristics. Zone 1 is
characterized by large amplitude anomalies and includes the sea-
mounts extending from Kelvin to Bear. Zone 2 has relatively small
amplitude anomalies and contains the seamounts to the south of Zone
1. Zone 3 generally defines the continental margins and is distin-

guished by linear anomalies, parallel to the coast.

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TRACK CHART

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FIGURE 2
3

In this report, the Zone 1 anomalies are interpreted with the
aid of intensity of magnetization computations and a two-dimensional
profile matching technique. In addition, the total magnetic inten-
sity and inclination data associated with the seamounts are used to
calculate their respective horizontal and vertical component anom-
alies (figs. 6 and 7). The difference between the Zone 1 and 2
anomalies is examined nee the anomalies of Zone 3 are discussed in
terms of regional geology and other geophysical studies of the con-
tinental margins.

II. DATA REDUCTION

Figures 4 and 5 depict the observed total magnetic intensity
(F) and inclination (I) respectively, for the complete survey area.
The total magnetic intensity contours (fig. 4) were determined
from data scaled directly from the original records, whereas the
inclination contours (fig. 5) are a graphically smoothed represen-
tation of the measured data. This smoothing was necessary due to
noise generated by aircraft motions. No corrections were applied
to these charts to remove temporal variation effects.

The residual horizontal intensity (Hp » Fig. 6) and anomalous
vertical intensity (Z,, fig. 7) were determined for the seamounts
of Zone 1 by calculating the scalar difference between observed
and regional components. Using observed total intensity (F) and

observed inclination (I), the "observed" components were found

from H = F cos I and Z = F sin I. Regional component values were
determined, in the same manner, from graphically estimated regionals
GE (CE) and (E).

Due to the large angle of inclination, over each seamount, the
anomalous vertical intensity (Z,) resembles the total magnetic
intensity in shape and magnitude, whereas the residual horizontal
intensity closely follows the inverse of the inclination pattern.

III. ZONE 3 ANOMALIES

The magnetic features (fig. 4) associated with the continental
margins (Zone 3 - fig. 3) are linear in nature and form a part of a
system of anomalies which extends along the coast, from Florida to
Newfoundland (Drake et al, 1963). Seismic refraction studies, north
of Cape Hatteras, indicate a major structural system, beneath and
parallel to the continental margins, consisting of two sedimentary
troughs separated by a basement ridge (Drake et al, 1958). Relative
to figure 3, an inner trough is located beneath Georges Bank with
sediment up to 12,000 feet in thickness. A basement ridge occurs
near and generally parallel to the 100-fathom curve, and an outer
trough, with up to 15,000 feet of sediment is located under the
continental slope and rise. Drake et al (1963), noting a trunca-
tion of basement contours and an offset in the magnetic anomaly
pattern near 40°N latitude suggested the existence of a right lateral

transcurrent fault along this parallel.

Previous work then, indicates the geologic factors which may
contribute to the anomalies over the continental margins. In order
to magnify and delineate the REARING ‘erceméls of Zone 3, the total
magnetic intensity (fig. 4) was subjected to a Gram or Chebyshev
orthogonal polynomial fitting technique (Van Voorhis and Davis 1964).
Specifically, the total intensity along selected track lines, ter-
minated just below Physalia seamount, was fitted with a 5th-degree
polynomial. The residual (the difference between the observed in-
tensity and the polynomial curve) was then contoured at a 50-gamma
interval (fig. 8). Due to the high degree of the polynomial, the
amplitudes of the residuals are quite different from those which
would be obtained from removal of an earth's regional field. For
the purposes of this report, emphasis is placed only on the trend
characteristics as brought out by this procedure.

The trends associated with observed anomalies are designated as
A, B and C on figure 8. The trends of the right half of the area
strike 40-45 east. A and B terminate against the seamount features,
and the A continues at a strike of 70-80" east along 4O°N latitude.
The apparent offset in A, of about 30 miles, is attributed to the
aforementioned transcurrent faulting. Trend C is continuous along
the top of the area.

Depth estimates and the general correlation between the direction

of the anomaly trends and the basement structural trends reflected

by the 100- and 1000-fathom curves (fig. 8) indicate that the source
of the anomalies is in the basement. Anomaly A, referred to in the
literature as the "slope anomaly," has been studied in some detail

in other areas. Since this feature lies near the basement ridge,
King et al (1961) and Drake et al (1963) used profile matching, based
on seismically derived topography of the ridge to determine the
origin of the anomaly. They concluded that compositional changes
within the basement, rather than topography were the principal cause.
Watkins and Geddes (1964) related the basement structure to an

island arc system and attribute the anomaly to both intrusive and
extrusive rocks withi- the basement.

The Oceanographic Office has begun a detailed aeromagnetic
survey of the Atlantic coastal area from Maine to Florida. Questions
concerning the nature of the coastal anomalies and their relation-
ship to the continental margins may be more readily answered with the
data from this survey.

IV. SEAMOUNT ANOMALIES

Whereas the features over Zone 3 are related to deep seated
basement phenomena, the anomalies seaward of the slope are directly
correlative with bottom topography. The features over the seamounts
of Zone 1 display total magnetic intensity anomalies (fig. 4) of
1000-1400 gammas, and the anomalies over the Zone 2 seamounts range

from 100-200 gammas. The origin of the seamounts is believed to be

related to fracture with associated volcanism.

Oceanographic Office surveys which illustrate that anomalies of
varying amplitude are to be found over other features of the New
England-Bermuda chain include a shipboard marine survey of the
seamounts from Kelvin southeast to approximately 34°25'N, 56°40'w
(Walczak, 1964). In addition, aeromagnetic surveys have been
conducted of an area Seger of Bermuda (Davis and Heckelman, 1964)
and of Plantagenet Bank (Young and Kontis, 1964).

A. Zone One Anomalies

Since the shape of the seamount contours (fig. 3) resemble
their respective magnetic contours (fig. 4) it is likely that these
seamounts represent the general configuration of the volcanic source
material. To investigate this further, a two-dimensional model
computation (Heirtzler et al, 1962) was applied to Kelvin Seamount.

The use of a two-dimensional technique implies that the
length of the anomaly being considered is much greater than its
width. Since the length-to-width ratio of the Kelvin anomaly is
only about 3:1, some error is introduced. According to Press and
Ewing (1952) however, the error is small.

Figure 9 shows the best fit obtained from matching observed

profiles (F,, Z,, and Hp) across the peak of Kelvin seamount with

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profiles derived from a theoretical source body. The trapezoidal

model is essentially a cross section of the observed topography,

and the calculated anomalies are the result of a total magnetization
(induced plus remanent) in the same direction as the present ia weaes
field.: The computed and observed total intensity anomalies agree
very well, and the computed H, and Za exhibit the same general char-
acteristics of the "observed" components, except for a slight dis-_
placement to the south. In order to match amplitudes, an apparent

susceptibility ( ) of 0.016cgs or its equivalent of 0.0086 cgs

Kapp
units in apparent magnetization was required. This relatively large
value is explained in terms of a large component of remanent magneti-
zation acting together with the induced magnetization. Although the
solution of figure 9 is not unique, the model is reasonable and
indicates that there is little sedimentary cover over the volcanics.
Using another approach, intensity of magnetization calcula-
‘tions were made for Kelvin with the three-dimensional technique of
Vacquier (1962). Computations were made using both airborne and
shipboard duuraa data, and the results (Van Yoorhis and Walczak,
1963) indicate an intensity of magnetization of 0.01 cgs units, with
a large component of remanence in a direction different from the
present inducing field.
It is likely that the other seamounts of Zone 1 are magnetized
to this order of magnitude. A hand method (Rikitake, 1952) which
represents the volcanoes as right circular cones, was used to obtain

rough approximations of the magnetization of Bear, Physalia, Retriever,

Picket, and Massey seamounts. These computations resulted in
apparent magnetizations of 0.007 - 0.010 cgs units for these
features.

B. Zone Two Anomalies

Relative to the Zone 1 anomalies, the features (fig. 4)
over the Zone 2 seamounts are quite small (100-200 gammas). Although
the seamounts in Zone 2 are at a deeper depth, this is not sufficient
to explain the difference in anomaly magnitude. The Zone 2 sea-
mounts are interpreted as representing an auxiliary fracture zone
with a more acidic phase of volcanism than that of the Zone 1
seamounts. It is noted that the bottom feature associated with the
370-gamma anomaly located at 39°17'N, 64. 33'W (fig. 3) was found to
have a peak sounding of 2380 fathoms. The magnitude of this anomaly
is characteristic of the Zone 1 features.

Upon comparing figure 4 with the bathymetry (fig. 3) it
should be realized that figure 3 is based on rather sparse sounding
information, and in some cases, bottom features may be displaced or
missing entirely. Since each charted feature has a corresponding
magnetic anomaly, it is probable that small seamounts or knolls

exist in those areas displaying closed magnetic anomalies.

10

NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNT AREA
BATHYMETRIC CONTOUR CHART

CONTOUR INTERVAL 200 FATHOMS

GEORGES BANK

KELVIN

FIGURE 3
11

TR 166

NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNT AREA
AEROMAGNETIC SURVEY—1957
OBSERVED TOTAL INTENSITY
Contour Interval 50 Gammas

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FIGURE 4
12

NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNT AREA
AEROMAGNETIC SURVEY—1957

OBSERVED MAGNETIC INCLINATION

Contour Interval 12 Minutes

TR 166

FIGURE 5
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NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNT AREA
AEROMAGNETIC SURVEY—1957

RESIDUAL HORIZONTAL INTENSITY

Contour Interval 100 Gammas

Magnetic contours with flight lines

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FIGURE 6

14

NEW ENGLAND SEAMOUNT AREA
AEROMAGNETIC SURVEY—1957
ANOMALOUS VERTICAL INTENSITY
Contour Interval 100 Gammas
Magnetic contours with flight lines

FIGURE 7
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REFERENCES

Davis, T. M., and A. J. Heckelman, An experimental MAD survey, U. S.

Naval Oceanographic Office TR-164, (CLASSIFIED) 1964.

Drake, C. L., M. Ewing and J. H. Sutton, Continental margins and
geosynclines, the east coast of North America north of Cape

Hatteras, Phys. Chem. Earth, 3, 110-198, 1958.

Drake, C. L., J. Heirtzler, and J. Hirshman, Magnetic anomalies off
Eastern North America, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 5259-5275, 1963.

Heirtzler, J. R., G. Peter, M. Talwani, and E. G. Zurflueh, Magnetic
anomalies caused by two-dimensional structure: their computa-
tion by digital computers and their interpretation, Lamont Geol.

Obs. TR-No. 6 CU-6-62 Nonr-Geology, 1962.

King, E. R., I. Zietz, and W. J. Dempsey, The significance of a group
of aeromagnetic profiles off the eastern coast of North America,

U. S. Geol. Surv., Profess. Paper 424-D, 299-303, 1961.

Northrop, J., R. A. Frosch, and R. Frassetto, Bermuda - New England
seamount arc, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 73, 587-594, 1962.

Press, F., and M. Ewing, Magnetic anomalies over oceanic structures,

Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 33, 349-355, 1952.

Rikitake, T., On magnetization of volcanoes, Bull. of the Earthquake
ROSe JMSE64 SH), logis WwS2.

Schonstedt, E. O., and H. R. Irons, NOL vector airborne magnetometer

type 2A, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 36, 25-41, 1955.

Van Voorhis, G., and T. M. Davis, Magnetic anomalies north of
Puerto Rico: trend removal with orthogonal polynomials,

J. Geophys. Res., 69, Dec. 1/55 19647

Van Voorhis, G., and J. Walczak, Summary of magnetization computa-
tions for Kelvin seamount, preliminary report, U. S. Naval

Oceanographic Office I.M.R. M-8-63, (unpublished manuscript) 1963.

Walczak, J., A marine magnetic survey of the New England seamount

chain, U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office, TR-159, 1963.

Watkins, J. S., and W. H. Geddes, Magnetic anomaly and possible
orogenic significance of geologic structure of the Atlantic
shelf, presented at the 45th annual meeting AGU, April 1964.

Young, G. A., and A. L. Kontis, A study of aeromagnetic component

data - Plantagenet Bank, U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office, TR-144,
1964.

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go AzysuazUy JO pre ey} uyTA peqard

-194UT are satTemoue of ,euseu aq],

“UdATS are AZTSUSJUT TeoTZI0A pus

TezuOzTIoy pues ‘uoTZeUTTOUT ‘A4TS

-Us4UT OTJeuUsuM TB}0O} ey} JO szTEBYD

anozu0g «= * puBTZuy MeN JO ysR00

au} JJO ware sTTU arenbs 000‘ gt

B 30 “TANODWW 0eford Aq pazonp

-uoo ‘fdAIns of ZeuseuoLNB patTey
-op 8B JO s}[Nser 943 syUussolg

(99T-8)

*sBTI 6 Butpntouy ‘-d gt -496T

yore ‘Bumox “y “D pues sTzuOY “T “y

Aq ‘vauv LNNOWWaS CNVIONG MaN
-VLV OLLANSVWONEY 4O AGNIS v

2dTIJO oFyderz0uee50 TBABN ‘S ‘nN

9OT-HL

Bunox ‘vy “D

pus sfjJuOyY “JT “y ‘s.royyzny
wary jUNoIEaS

umd AON - B3ed oTFeusem

-ozey go ApnaS Yo :eTI TL

UST} oUF BH
- Bary }UNOWessg pueTsuy sen

Bory yuNoUess puBTZuq MeN
-- Tepiyseriay, ‘usTyouDey

99T- ML

Bunox “y “dD
pus sfqUON “J ‘y ‘szoyyny
weary juUNoIEesg

uy AON - 39ed oTpoudum

-ozey go Apnas Y :eTI HL

ust yeus By
- Baly JUNOWBaS pUeTZuq Aan

Baily jYUNOUESS puBTZuq MeN
-- Teliyserray ‘wsTzausey

“TTF

“TTT

“TE

-gonbtu

-yoo} BuyzqqtTy earno pues ‘Zupyoqem

atTTjord ‘suoyzzeqnduoo uopyezTyeusem

go AyTsueqUT JO PTB ey YITA pezerd

-I94UFt ale satTemoue of.euZeM au,

“UsATS ate AYTSUSJUT TeoTyIoA pue

Teyuoz;L0y pues ‘uoTyeuTTout ‘AWTS

-Us4UT OTQouseM Te}0O7 ayy JO szTEeYO

amojzu0p 46‘ puBTZuy MeN JO 4sBO0

ey} JJO Bere eTTW sr1enbs OOO‘ gE

8 gO “LANDWW yoeforg Aq paqonp

-uoo ‘fdAIns ofF,aUsuUIOLas paTTsy
-o9p B JO s}TMser 9} SqUdSseIg

(99T-8L)

‘s8TJ 6 Butpntout “-d gt -S96T

yorey ‘Bun0X “y “4H pus sqquoy “T ‘y

fq ‘yauv LNNOWVGS CNVIONT MAN
“ViVd OLDINSWNONdY dO ACALS Vv

eoFIJO OFUderZ0ues00 TBABN “S “Nn

*gsonbtu

-Yd0} But4gTs eaqno pue ‘FSupyoyuu

atTTyord ‘suozzeqynduoo uoctzezpzeusem

go AyTsuequT JO pre ayy YyTA peqzeid

-I94UF ale sotpTeloue oTJouseM eq]

“USAFE ate AYTSUSe UT TeoTJIeA pus

TezuOzF41oy pue ‘uoTZeuTTouT ‘AWTS

-UaqUT ofyeusem Teq,04 9y4 JO syTeyo

anoju0g «6 pusT#uq MAN JO ysBOo

eu} JJO ware eTTM ertenbs 000‘ gt

B JO ‘TANDWW 30eforg Aq paqzonp

-u0o ‘faaIns of sussUOLIAs paTyTsz
-ap B JO SszTMser 9} SqUaseIg

(997-4)

“8873 6 Burpntout ‘-d gt ~*~ S96T

yoreW ‘Bunox -y °) pue stqzuOYy “I “y

Aq ‘yauv DNNOWWaS CNVIONT MAN
“VIVO OILANOVWOUTV JO AGALS Vv

a0TsIO OFuderFowess0 TeABN “S “Nl

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