ee Aueeith® wrnchen x var a ae nme nat Eee Taler Fe Seiten nürkee: DD TEE Be Ze | HARVARD UNIVERSITY arm) Ernst Mayr Library ofthe Museum of Comparative Zoology Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. | Ser. A | Nr. 587 | 67 5. [ Stuttgart, 15. 7. 1999 | Annotated Checklist of the Marine and Estuarine Fishes of Germany, with Remarks of their Taxonomic Identity By Ronald Fricke, Stuttgart With 1 table Summary An annotated checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Germany is presented, includ- ing 208 species. The German marine fish fauna has cold temperate, warm temperate, and off- shore elements, some long-range migrating species, and a large brackish water element includ- ing anadromous and catadromous migrators. The nomenclatural history of German marine and estuarine fish species is discussed. Most of the species have been originally described in the 18th or 19% century, often with numerous literature sources (16'h-18:h century) and a composite nature, with the sources based on sev- eral species. While the taxonomic identity of 86 species has already been fixed by existing ho- lo-, syn-, lecto- or neotypes, the nomenclatural usage of 81 further species names is fixed in the present paper by designations on the basis of the ICZN rules. Lectotypes are designated for 9 species; neotypes are designated for 72 species. For 2 species, ICZN decisions are pend- ing. Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit enthält eine Liste der marınen und ästuarinen Fische Deutschlands (208 Arten). Die Deutsche Meeresfischfauna umfaßt kalt gemäßigte, warm gemäßigte und Hochsee-Elemente, sowie einige weiträumig wandernde Arten und einen umfangreichen Brackwasseranteil mit anadrom und katadrom wandernden Arten. Die nomenklatorische Geschichte der deutschen Meeresfischarten wird diskutiert. Die meisten Arten wurden im 18. oder 19. Jahrhundert erstbeschrieben, beruhen oft auf zahlrei- chen früheren Literaturquellen aus dem 16.-18.Jahrhundert und haben vielfach einen aus mehreren gültigen Arten zusammengesetzten Ursprung. Während die taxonomische Identität von 86 Arten durch bereits existierende Holotypen, Syn-, Lekto- oder Neotypen fixiert war, wird der nomenklatorische Gebrauch von weiteren 81 Artnamen in der vorliegenden Veröf- fentlichung durch Designation von Lekto- oder Neotypen auf der Grundlage der Internatio- nalen Nomenklaturregeln festgelegt. Für 9 Arten werden Lektotypen vorgeschlagen, für 72 Arten Neotypen. Für die Identität zweier Arten wurden Entscheidungen der Internationalen Nomenklaturkommission beantragt, die aber noch ausstehen. 2 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Contents I. Introduction +..2.::.: EEE 2 2 2. Methodsand Matenals . .%. ..9.....2002 che ae ee ee 3 2.12 Methods. 2.....%.r.22. 22.22 ee a ee 3 22.Matenialsı" 2. une RR ee 3 3. Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Germany ..............cnensn 3 4, JascnomieiRemarks . 8. rtsschs. N. ee 15 Cetorhinidae 15, -Scyliorhinidae 15, - Carcharhinidae 16, - Rajıdae 17, - Torpedinidae 17, — Dasyatidae 18, — Chimaeridae 18, — Anguillidae 18, - Congridae 19, - Clupeidae 19, — Engraulidae 20, - Sternoptychidae 20, - Cyprinidae 20, - Salmonidae 27, — Os- meridae 29, — Lophüidae 30, — Gadidae 30, — Merlucciidae 34, — Exocoetidae 34, — Belo- nidae 35, — Scomberesocidae 35, - Caproidae 36, - Macrorhamphosidae 36, — Syngna- thidae 37, — Triglidae 38, — Cottidae 38, — Regalecidae 38, — Serranidae 39, — Percidae 39, — Sparidae 40, —- Mullidae 41, — Mugilidae 42, — Labridae 43, - Trachinidae 44, — Blenni- ıdae 45, — Stichaeidae 45, - Anarhichadidae 46, - Ammodytidae 46, - Callionymidae 47, — Gobiidae 47, - Scombridae 48, — Xiphiidae 49, —- Pleuronectidae 50, — Bothidae 52, — Scophthalmidae 52, - Soleidae 53, - Balistidae 54 5: Acknowledsmentsg „Yu. ses geh een eg es ee 54 6. References ne RR 55 La te A a eeeesococccos=csc:: 61 1. Introduction The marine and estuarine fishes of Germany have been under scientific examina- tion since the Middle Ages. One of the first printed books dealing with fishes of the area was GESNER (1563), who published in German language. LinnAEus (1758) de- scribed many species, constantly binominal, forming the starting point of modern ichthyological nomenclature. Many of the descriptions of LINNAEUS, however, were based on ArTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738) or LINNAEUS (1746), and these monographs were merely compilations of historical sources, so that if the identity of the species described LINNAEUS (1758) is in question one has to go back to the early sources, in- cluding RONDELETTUS (1554, 1555), Rajus (1713), etc. The European marine fishes were treated by HuUREAU & MonoD (1973, checklist), and by WHITEHEAD et alıı (1986). FRickE (1987) published keys and short descrip- tions of the marine fishes of Germany, excluding estuarine species. European fresh- water species were treated by KoTTELAT (1997, checklist). BRUNKEN & FRICKE (1987) published keys and short descriptions of German freshwater fishes, many of which are brackish water tolerant, penetrating into estuaries. Preliminary lists of species in the area were given in the Red Lists of the German marine fishes published since 1994 (FRICKE, BERGHAHN, RECHLIN, |NEUDECKER, WINKLER, BAST & HAHLBECK, 1994; FRICKE, BERGHAHN & |NNEUDECKER, 1995, North Sea excluding estuarines; BERG, KroG, Muus, NIELSEN, FRICKE, BERGHAHN, NEUDECKER & WOLFF, 1996, Wadden Sea areas of the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark; FRICKE, RECHLIN, WINKLER, BAST & HAHLBECK, 1996, Baltic Sea includ- ing estuaries). The scope of the present paper is to give a complete, actual list of the marine and estuarine fish species living ın German waters, and to clarıfy and stabilize specific identities and nomenclature. FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 3 2. Methods and materials 2.1. Methods The study area includes the whole German influence area in the North Sea, and the German economic zone in the Baltıc Sea, as defined by FRICKE, BERGHAHN, RECHLIN, NEUDECKER, WINKLER, BAsT & HAHLBECK (1994: 157-158, fig. 1); ıt also includes the estuaries of the major rivers Ems, Weser, Oste, Elbe, Eider, Schlei, Trave, Warnow, Recknitz, Peene, and Oder (are- 25 niet by the udes/hrackish water). In the checklist, the family, genus, species, subspecies (if applicable), author, year of origi- nal publication, type status, primary types, and designator (if applicable) are given. In some cases, if a published illustration has been designated as the lectotype of a species, reference to that illustration is given. In the taxonomic section, several species with an original description of acomposite nature, uncertainty in the identification of the original description or lacking types are discussed. Here, the family, actual species name, original reference, reference to original illustrations, and the original description (if necessary) are given, and discussed according to their taxonomical relevance and identity. In several cases, lectotypes or neotypes are established following the rules of ICZN. The taxonomic arrangement of the families follows NELSoN (1984). The following measurements of type specimens are taken: SL standard length (tip of snout to mid-base of hypural plate); IBE total length (tip of snout to end of caudal fin). 2.2. Materials Type specimens of German marine and estuarine fish species are deposited in the following institutions (acronyms following LEVITON et alii, 1985): ANSP The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, U.S.A.; BMNH Natural History Museum, London, England, Great Britain [formerly British Mu- seum (Natural History)]; /ESIE Linnean Society, London, England, Great Britain; MHNG Museum d’Histoire Nenmaalle Geneve, Sruzedkmdk MNHN Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Parıs, France; NMW _ Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Asarks NRM _ Naturhistoriska Rıksmuseet, Soelhelln, Seradlens RMNH Nationaal Naturhistorisch Museum (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His- torıe), Leiden, The Netherlands; SMNS Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany; ZMB _Zoologisches Museum, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Unviersität, Ber- lin, Germany; ZMUC Zoologisk Museum, Koebenhavns Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark; ZMUO Universitets ı Oslo, Zoologisk Museum, Oslo, Norway; ZMUU Uppsala Universitet, Zoologiska Museet, Uppsala, Sweden; VZSIE Zoological Society of London, England, Great Britain. 3. Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Germany A checklist of all species recorded from German marine and estuarine waters is given in Tab.1. A total of 208 species is known to occur in Germany. The fısh fauna is impoverished, due to effects of glacıal periods during the Pleistocene. The most speciose families (number of species in parentheses) are the Gadidae (18), Cyprinı- dae (16), Gobiidae (13), Rajıdae (10), Labridae (7), and Pleuronectidae (7). The German marine fish fauna has a strong cold temperate element, which is mainly represented by the Gadidae, Rajıdae, Pleuronectidae, Cottidae, Stichaeidae and Pholidae. Cold temperate fishes are among the most common species in this ar- ea. A warm temperate element is found due to the influence of the Gulf Stream - STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 (families Gobiidae, Labridae, Sparidae, Callionymidae, Serranidae, Atherinidae, Blenniidae, Carangidae and Lophüidae). Also, species living offshore are occasional- ly migrating with the currents into the North Sea (Scombridae, Bramidae). Several temperate coastal species are long-range migrators and spend an important period of their life in the German North Sea, either for feeding or for reproduction (Scom- ber scombrus; Clupea harengus). Finally, as the German marine waters have a rela- tively low salinity, with a large percentage of brackish areas (especially in the Baltic Sea and in the mouths of the large rıvers Rhine, Ems, Weser and Elbe), there ıs a con- sıderable brackish water element (Cyprinidae, Percidae, Osmeridae), with several species anadromously or catadromously migrating between marine and brackish waters (Petromyzontidae, Salmonıdae, Clupeidae/Alosa, Anguillidae, Gasterostei- dae, Pleuronectidae/Platichthys flesus). Tab.1. Checklist of German marine and estuarine fish species and subspecies. Species Type(s) Status/ Specimen No. Designation in parentheses 001 Myxinidae Myxine glutinosa NRMLP. 89 (4) syntypes Linnaeus, 1758 002 Petromyzontidae Lampetra fluviatılis MHNG 816.18 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) KOTTELAT, 1II227, 003 Petromyzontidae Petromyzon marınus illustration lectotype/ Linnaeus, 1758 by GESNER, KOTTELAT, 1604: 590 1997223 004 Hexanchidae Hexanchus griseus - (Bonnaterre, 1788) 005 Lamnidae Lamna nasus — (Bonnaterre, 1788) 006 Cetorhinidae Cetorhinus maximus illustration lectotype/ (Gunnerus, 1765) by GuUNnNERUs, see p. 15 1765: pl. 2 007 Scyliorhinidae Galeus melastomus - Rafinesque- Schmaltz, 1810 008 Scyliorhinidae Scyhorhinus canıcnla SMNS 8663 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) sesspells 009 Scyliorhinidae Scyliorhinus stellarıs SMNS 8673 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) see p. 16 010 Carcharhinidae Galeorhinus galeus SMNS 20661 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) see p. 16 Oll Carcharhinidae Mustelus asterias - Cuvier in Cloquet, 1819 012 Carcharhinidae Mustelus mustelus SMNS 20662 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) see p. 17 013 Carcharhinidae Prionace glauca - (Linnaeus, 1758) No. Family 014 Squalidae 015 Squalidae 016 Alopüidae 017 Sphyrnidae 018 Squatinidae 019 Rajıdae 020 Rajıdae 021 Rajıdae 022 Rajıdae 023 Rajıdae 024 Rajıdae 025 Rajıdae 026 Rajıdae 027 Rajıdae 028 Rajıdae 029 Torpedinidae 030 Torpedinidae 031 Dasyatidae 032 Myliobatidae 033 Chimaeridae 034 Acipenseridae on Terme DE rn FB EEE — WERE 3,7 WBSESEHESEEE SEE SIE 5 MER) Species Somniosus micro- cephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) Squatına squatına (Linnaeus, 1758) Raja batıs Linnaeus, 1758 Raya circularıs Couch, 1838 Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 Raya fullonica Linnaeus, 1758 Raja fyllae Lütken, 1887 Raja microcellata Montagu, 1818 Raja naevus Müller & Henle, 1841 Raja oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758 Raja radıata Donovan, 1808 Raja undulata Lacepede, 1802 Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810 Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835 Dasyatıs pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) Myliobatıs aquıla (Linnaeus, 1758) Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758 Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY Type(s) Specimen No. in parentheses Status/ Designation NRM LBS5 (1) ZMUU LC.160 (1) NRM LPs8 (1) NRM L.37 (1) ZMUU LC.161 (1) SMNS 16042 ZMUC 1 MNHN 1306 (1) MNHN 1332 (1) RMNH 4237 (1) illustration by Rısso, 1810: p. 3, fig. 4 ANSP 426-430 (14) NMW 76279 (1) SMNS 12651 SMNS 543 BMNH 1853.11. 12:210 (1) NRM LP.uncat. (1) syntype syntype syntype syntype syntype neotype/ seosp-17 holotype syntype syntype syntype? lectotype/ see p. 17 syntypes syntype neotype/ seespalls neotype/ see p. 18 syntype syntype . Family Anguillidae Congridae Clupeidae Clupeidae Clupeidae Clupeidae Clupeidae Engraulidae Sternoptychidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Species Type(s) Specimen No. in parentheses Anguilla anguilla SMNS 17418 (Linnaeus, 1758) Conger conger SMNS 20573 (Linnaeus, 1758) Alosa alosa BMNH 1853.11. (Linnaeus, 1758) DEZE) Alosa fallax fallax MNHN 3188 (Lacepede, 1801) Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758 Sardına pilchardus pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) Engraulıs encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Manurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1789) Abramis ballerus (Linnaeus, 1758) Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) Abramıs brama (Linnaeus, 1758) Alburnus alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) Aspins aspins aspıns (Linnaeus, 1758) Barbus barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Carassıns carassıus (Linnaeus, 1758) Gobio gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) Leuciscus cephalns cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Leuciscus idus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Phoxinus phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) BMNH 1853.11. 12:111 (1) SMNS 20570 LSL 46-47 (2) SMNS 20562 SMNS 15536 SMNS 12668 BMNH 1853.11. 12:147 (1) SMNS 15204 SMNS 20637 BMNH 1853.11. 12:144 (1) SMNS 12750 SMNS 20595 NRMLPS1 (1) ZMMU LC.213 (1) SMNS 17362 ZMUU LC.224 (1) SMNS 20596 Ser. A, Nr. 587 Status/ Designation neotype/ seep1l neotype/ seerp. 19 syntype neotype/ \WHITEHEAD, 1967: 79 syntype? neotype/ see p. 20 syntypes? neotype/ see p. 20 neotype/ see p. 21 neotype/ see p. 21 syntype neotype/ see p. 22 neotype/ see p. 22 lectotype/ KOTTELAT, zZ neotype/ seeip25 neotype/ see p. 24 syntype syntype neotype/ seen? holotype neotype/ see p. 25 No. FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY Family 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cyprinidae Cobitidae Esocidae Salmonidae Salmonidae Salmonidae Salmonidae Osmeridae Carapidae Gobiesocidae Lophiidae Lophiidae Gadidae Gadidae Gadidae Gadidae Species Rutılus rutılus rutılus (Linnaeus, 1758) Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tınca tınca (Linnaeus, 1758) Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758) Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 Esox Incins Linnaeus, 1758 Coregonus lavaretus balticus Thienemann, 1922 Coregonus lavaretus oxyrinchns (Linnaeus, 1758) Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 Osmerus eperlanus schonfoldi McAllister in Whitehead et alii, 1986 Echiodon drummondii Thompson, 1837 Diplecogaster bimacu- lata bimaculata (Bonnaterre, 1788) Lophins budegassa Spinola, 1807 Lophius piscatorins Linnaeus, 1758 Cihata mustela (Linnaeus, 1758) Cihata septentrionalıs (Collett, 1875) Enchelyopus cimbrins (Linne, 1766) Gadus morhua callarias BMNH 1853.11. Linnaeus, 1758 Type(s) Status/ Specimen No. Designation in parentheses LSL 44 (1) syntype? SMNS 20597 neotype/ see p. 26 SMNS 10985 neotype/ see p. 26 SMNS 14430 neotype/ see p. 27 ZMUULC.205 (1) syntype? BMNH 1853.11. 12: 114 (1) syntype? SMNS 20628 neotype/ see p. 28 BMNH 1853.11. 12: 160 (1) syntype SMNS 19125 neotype/ seesp28 SMNS 20594 neotype/ see p. 29 SMNS 20598 neotype/ see p. 30 ZMUE uneat. neotype/ MARKLE & OLNEY, 1990:955 SMNS 2209 neotype/ see p. 30 NRM 4553 (1) syntype NRM 5625 (1) syntype ZMUO]. 5052 lectotype/ (1) COLLETT, 1875: pl. 2 SMNS 2647 neotype/ see p. 30 12:162 (1) syntype IS) BETEGD) syntype? STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 No. Family Species Type(s) Status/ Specimen No. Designation in parentheses 075 Gadidae Gadus morhua morhua SMNS 20563 neotype/ Linnaeus, 1758 see p. 31 076 Gadidae Gaidropsarus NRM 5631 (1) syntype mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) 077 Gadidae Gaidropsaris illustration lectotype/ vulgarıs by Rayus, 1713 see p. 31 (Cloquet, 1824) pl. 2, fig. 9 078 Gadidae Lota lota LSL 37-38 (2) syntypes? (Linnaeus, 1758) 079 Gadidae Melanogrammus BMNH 1853.11. aeglefinus 12:164 (1) syntype (Linnaeus, 1758) 080 Gadidae Merlangins merlangus BMNH 1853.11. (Linnaeus, 1758) 12:165-166 (2) syntypes 081 Gadidae Micromesistius - poutassou (Rısso, 1827) 082 Gadidae Molva molva SMNS 20391 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) see,p32 083 Gadidae Phycis blennoides — (Brünnich, 1768) 084 Gadidae Pollachins pollachns SMNS 20392 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) see p. 32 085 Gadidae Pollachins virens BMNH 1853.11. (Linnaeus, 1758) 12:167 (1) syntype 086 Gadidae Raniceps ranınus ZMUULC.1B81 (1) syntype? (Linnaeus, 1758) 087 Gadidae Trisopterus esmarki SMNS 20397 neotype/ (Nilsson, 1855) see p. 33 088 Gadidae Trisopterus Iuscus NRM 5678 (1) syntype (Linnaeus, 1758) 089 Gadidae Trisopterus minutus SMNS 9886 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) - see p. 34 090 Merlucciidae Merluccins merluccius SMNS 20575 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) see p. 34 091 Exocoetidae Cheilopogon heterurus SMNS 16404 neotype/ (Rafinesque- see p. 35 Schmaltz,1810) 092 Belonidae Belone belone belone SMNS 20453 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1761) see p. 35 093 Scomberesocidae Scomberesox saurus SMNS 464 neotype/ (Walbaum, 1792) see p. 36 094 Atherinidae Atherina boyeri MNHN A.4342 (2) syntypes Risso, 1810 MNHN B.860 (1) syntype 095 Atherinidae Atherina presbyter MNHN A.4337 lectotype/ Cuvier, 1829 BLANcC & HUREAU, ISyAlz za) FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY No. Family Species Type(s) Status/ Specimen No. Designation in parentheses 096 Zeidae Zeus faber LSL 6 (1) syntype Linnaeus, 1758 NRM 4212 (1) syntype? 097 Caproidae Capros aper SMNS 2204 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) see p. 36 098 Gasterosteidae Gasterosteus acnleatus ZSL 29 (1) syntype Linnaeus, 1758 ZSL 30-31 (2) syntypes 099 Gasterosteidae Pungıtins pungıtıns LSL 34-35 (2) syntypes (Linnaeus, 1758) 100 Gasterosteidae Spinachia spinachia NRM LP.46 (1) syntype? (Linnaeus, 1758) 101 Macrorhampho- Macrorhamphosus SMNS 12661 neotype/ sidae scolopax see p. 37 (Linnaeus, 1758) 102 Syngnathidae Entelurus aeguoreus SMNS 11563 neotype/ (Linnaeus, 1758) see p. 37 103 Syngnathidae Nerophis lumbrici- ZMUC uncat. holotype formis (Jenyns, 1835) 104 Syngnathidae Nerophis ophidion BMNH 1853.11. (Linnaeus, 1758) 12:185 (1) syntype 105 Syngnathidae Syngnathus acus BMNH 1853.11. Linnaeus, 1758 12:184 (1) syntype 106 Syngnathidae Syngnathus rostellatus ZMB 4915 (2) syntypes Nilsson, 1858 107 Syngnathidae Syngnathus typhle LSL 49 (1) syntype Linnaeus, 1758 108 Triglidae Aspitrigla cuculus NRM LP27 (1) syntype (Linnaeus, 1758) 109 Triglidae Eutrigla gurnardus BMNH 1853.11. (Linnaeus, 1758) DS) syntype LSIL IE) syntype 110 Triglidae Trigla Incerna BMNH 1853.11. Linnaeus, 1758 12:16 (1) syntype 111 Triglidae Trigloporus lastoviza SMNS 729 neotype/ (Bonnaterre, 1788) see p. 38 112 Cottidae Cottus gobio SMNS 20600 neotype/ Linnaeus, 1758 see. p. 38 113 Cottidae Myoxocephalus NRM 2491-2492 quadricornis (2) syntypes (Linnaeus, 1758) 114 Cottidae Myoxocephalus BMNH 1853.11. scorpins scorpius 121720) syntype (Linnaeus, 1758) ESISPA) syntype NRM 2357-2358 (2) syntypes? 115 Cottidae Tanrulus bubalıs - (Euphrasen, 1786) Lowe, 1843 Ser. A, Nr. 587 Status/ Designation lectotype/ PıETScH, 1994: 368 syntype syntype syntype syntypes syntype? syntypes? lectotype/ seep 97 syntype neotype/ See syntype syntype syntype syntype neotype/ see p. 40 syntypes? syntype? syntype holotype 10 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE No. Family Species Type(s) Specimen No. in parentheses | 116 Cottidae Triglops murrayi BMNH 1889.6.28:5 Günther, 1888 117 Agonidae Agonus cataphractus NRM 2808 (1) (Linnaeus, 1758) NRM 2809-2810 (2) syntypes? 118 Cyclopteridae Cyclopterus lumpus BMNH 1853.11 Linnaeus, 1758 12:183 (1) ILSIL 25 (MN) NRM 4502-07 (7) 119 Liparidae Liparis liparis BMNH 1853.11. (Linne, 1766) 12:182 (1) LSL 26-27 (2) 120 Liparidae Liparıs montagnı = (Donovan, 1804) 121 Lampridae Lampris guttatus - (Brünnich, 1788) 122 Regalecidae Regalecus glesne illustration Ascanıus, 1772 by Ascanıus, 17728 il 123 Serranidae Dicentrarchus labrax BMNH 1853.11. (Linnaeus, 1758) 270) 124 Serranidae Polyprion americanus — (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 125 Serranidae Serranus cabrılla SMNS 15283 (Linnaeus, 1758) 126 Percidae Gymnocephalus BMNH 1853.11. cernuus 12-5270) (Linnaeus, 1758) ILSIE 2.) 127 Percidae Perca fluviatihs BMNH 1853.11. Linnaeus, 1758 12:3 (1) 1LSIE IK) 128 Percidae Stizostedion SMNS 20603 Iucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) 129 Carangidae Trachurus trachurus NRM LP.14 (3) (Linnaeus, 1758) NRM LP.14a (1) ZMUU LC.104 (1) 130 Carangidae Trachinotus ovatus ZMUULC.102 (1) (Linnaeus, 1758) 131 Coryphaenidae Coryphaena eqniselis - Linnaeus, 1758 132 Bramidae Brama brama - (Bonnaterre, 1788) 133 Bramidae Pterycombus brama - Fries, 1837 134 Bramidae Taractes asper = Family 135 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 15 rs 152: 153 Bramidae Sparidae Sparidae Sparidae Sparidae Sparidae Sparidae Sciaenidae Mullidae Mullidae Mugilidae Mugilidae Mugilidae Labridae Labridae Labridae Labridae Labridae Labridae FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 11 Species Taractichthys longı- pinnıs (Lowe, 1843) Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valen- cıennes, 1830 Pagellus acarne (Rısso, 1827) Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768) Pasgellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758) Argyrosomus regıns (Asso, 1801) Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 Chelon labrosus (Rısso, 1827) Liza aurata (Rısso, 1810) Liza ramado (Risso, 1810) Acantholabrus pallonı (Rısso, 1810) Centrolabrus exoletus (Linnaeus, 1758) Ctenolabrus rupestris (Linnaeus, 1758) Labrus bergylta Ascanıus, 1767 Labrus bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758 Symphodus bailloni (Valenciennes ın Cuvier & Valen- cıennes, 1839) Type(s) Specimen No. in parentheses SMNS 11188 ZMB 8597 SMNS 21186 SMNS 979 SMNS 20564 MNHN 7511 BMNH 1853.11. 12:14 (1) LSL3 (1) SMNS 12479 SMNS 2208 SMNS 20576 SMNS 259 SMNS 11788 SMNS 3081 NRMLP1 illustration by Ascanıus, 1767: pl. 1 MNHN A. 7312 Status/ Designation neotype/ see p. 40 holotype neotype/ see p. 40 neotype/ see p. 41 neotype/ secipchl neotype/ TREWwAVAS, 1966: 4 syntype syntype? neotype/ see p. 42 neotype/ see p. 42 neotype/ see p. 42 neotype/ see p. 43 neotype/ see p. 43 neotype/ see p. 44 holotype lectotype/ see p. 44 ICZN case 2905 pending/ FRICKE & FERRARIS, 1996 lectotype/ ESCHMEYER, 1998: 186 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE No. Family Species Type(s) Specimen No. in parentheses 154 Labridae Symphodus melops NRM LP.6 (Linnaeus, 1758) 155 Trachinidae Echüchthys vipera SMNS 12051 (Cuvier, 1829) 156 Trachinidae Trachinus draco BMNH 1853.11. Linnaeus, 1758 12:7 (1) ESP) LSL 9-10 (2) MNHN A.3150 (4) 157 Zoarcidae Zoarces viviparus BMNH 1853.11. (Linnaeus, 1758) 123022 (()) LSL 28 (1) 158 Blenniüdae Lipophrys pholıs SMNS 13033 (Linnaeus, 1758) 159 Blennudae Parablennius NRM 4601 (1) gattorngine (Linnaeus, 1758) 160 Stichaeidae Chirolophis ascanıi SMNS 3079 (Walbaum, 1792) 161 Stichaeidae Lumpenus lumpretae- - formis (Walbaum, 1792) 162 Pholidae Pholis gunnellus NRM LP37 (1) (Linnaeus, 1758) 163 Anarhichadidae Anarhichas 5 denticulatus Kroyer, 1845 164 Ammodytidae Ammodytes marınns SMNS 15751 Raıtt, 1934 165 Ammodytidae Ammodytus tobianus LSL 41 (1) Linnaeus, 1758 NRM 5716 (1) 166 Ammodytidae Gymnammodytes illustration by semisquamatus JOURDANn, 1879: (Jourdain, 1879) pl. 2, figs 33168 167 Ammodytidae Hoyperoplus lanceolatus MNHN B.1266 (Sauvage, 1824) (3) 168 Callionymidae Callionymus lyra BMNH 1853.11. Linnaeus, 1758 23) NRM LP 34 (2) 169 Callionymidae Callionymus maculatus SMNS 21188 170 171 Callionymidae Gobiidae Rafınesque- Schmaltz, 1810 Callionymus reticnlatus MNHN A.1528 Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valen- cıennes, 1837 Aphia minuta (Rısso, 1810) Ser. A, Nr. 587 Status/ Designation holotype neotype/ see p. 45 syntype syntype syntypes syntypes syntype? syntype? neotype/ see p. 45 syntype neotype/ see p. 46 syntype neotype/ see p. 46 syntype syntype? lectotype/ see p. 46 syntypes syntype syntypes neotypes/ see p. 47 holotype FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY No. Family Species 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Scombridae Scombridae Scombridae Scombridae Scombridae Xiphiidae Centrolophidae Buenia jeffreysi (Günther, 1867) Crystallogobins linearis (Düben, 1845) Gobins niger Linnaeus, 1758 Gobiusculus flavescens (Fabricıus, 1779) Lebetus guilleti (Danoıs, 1913) Lesueurigobins friesi (Malm, 1874) Lebetus scorpioides (Collett, 1874) Pomatoschistus lozanoı (Buen, 1923) Pomatoschistus microps (Kroyer, 1838) Pomatoschistus minutus minutus (Gronovius in Pallas, 1770) Pomatoschistus norvegicus (Collett, 1904) Pomatoschistus pictus (Malm, 1865) Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoftroy St-Hilaire, 1817) Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758 Thunnus thynnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) Xıphias gladins Linnaeus, 1758 Centrolophus niger (Gmelın, 1789) Type(s) Specimen No. in parentheses Status/ Designation BMNH 1867.8.24: 3-5 (2) SMNS 9220 NRMLP. uncat. (1) ZMUULC. 184 (1) SMNS 21189 ZMUO J.4020-21 (2) ZMUC 72 SMNS 21190 ZMUO ]J.3980 BMNH 1873.8. 16:2 (1) ZMB 8426 (1) illustration by BrLochH, 1793: pl. 334 SMNS 21191 ZMUUTLE. 94 SMNS 3251 SMNS 2205 syntypes neotype/ seceap47 syntype syntype neotype/ see p. 48 syntypes holotype neotype/ see p. 48 lectotype/ WEBB & MILLER, 1974: 736 syntype syntype lectotype/ see p. 48 neotype/ seesp-4) lectotype/ PoSTEL in HUREAU & MONOD, 1973: 465 neotype/ see p. 49 neotype/ see p. 50 14 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE No. Family Species Type(s) Specimen No. in parentheses 191 Pleuronectidae Glyptocephalus BMNH 1853.11. cynoglossus 12:126 (1) (Linnaeus, 1758) 192 Pleuronectidae Hippoglossoides illustration platessoides by BrLochH, 1787: limandoides pl. 186 (Bloch, 1787) 193 Pleuronectidae Hippoglossus BMNH 1853.11. hippoglossus 12:127 (1) (Linnaeus, 1758) 194 Pleuronectidae Limanda limanda SMNS 20565 (Linnaeus, 1758) 195 Pleuronectidae Microstomus kitt SMNS 9646 (Walbaum, 1792) 196 Pleuronectidae Platichthys flesus BMNH 1853.11. flesus 12:132-134 (3) (Linnaeus, 1758) NRM LP. 20 (1) 197 Pleuronectidae Pleuronectes platessa BMNH 1853.11. Linnaeus, 1758 12:130-131 (2) 198 Scophthalmidae Lepidorhombus bosca SMNS 10056 (Rısso, 1810) 199 Scophthalmidae Lepidorhombus illustration by whiffiagonis Rajus, 1713: (Walbaum, 1792) DL Il, ae, 2 200 Scophthalmidae Phrynorhombus - norvegicus (Günther, 1862) 201 Scophthalmidae Psetta maxima BMNH 1853.11. (Linnaeus, 1758) 12:135 (1) 202 Scophthalmidae Scophthalmus rhombus LSL 43 (1) (Linnaeus, 1758) NRMLP. 21 (1) 203 Scophthalmidae Zeugopterus punctatus ZMB 2392 (2) (Bloch, 1787) ZMB 7402 (1) 204 Bothidae Arnoglossus laterna SMNS 20572 (Walbaum, 1792) 205 Soleidae Monochirus Iuteus SMNS 20602 (Risso, 1810) 206 Soleidae Solea solea SMNS 9660 (Linnaeus, 1758) 207 Balistidae Balıstes capriscus SMNS 2663 Gmelın, 1789 208 Molidae Mola mola - (Linnaeus, 1758) Ser. A, Nr. 587 Status/ Designation syntype lectotype/ see p. 50 syntype neotype/ see p. 50 neotype/ seeipail syntypes syntype syntypes neotype/ see p. 52 lectotype/ see p. 53 syntype syntype? syntype? syntypes syntype? neotype/ seeps52 neotype/ see p. 53 neotype/ see p. 54 neotype/ see p. 54 | FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 15 4. Taxonomic remarks Cetorhinidae Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) Sqvalus maximus Gunnerus, 1765: 33, pl. 2 (Trondheim/Norway; lectotype: Gunnerus, 1765: pl. 2, as designated below). GUNNERUS (1765: 33-49, pl. 2) described and illustrated his Sgvalus maxımus ın detail. The illustration is useful to distinguish the species, except that the gill slits are much too short. No type material could be detected (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 1038; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of QUERO in WHITEHEAD et aliı, 1984: 89-90; FRICKE, 1987: 41), I hereby designate the illustra- tion of GUNNERUS (1765: pl. 2) as the lectotype of Sqvalus maximus Gunnerus, 1765. Scyliorhinidae Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) Squalus Canicnla Linnaeus, 1758: 234 (in oceano Europae/European sea; neotype: SMNS 8663, as designated below). Squalus Catulus Linnaeus, 1758: 235 (in oceano Europae/European sea; neotype: SMNS 8663, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 234) described his Squalus canicula as follows: “S. rufo-varius, pinna anı medio inter anum caudamque pinnatum. ... Habitat in Oceano Eu- ropae. He also refered to descriptions from RONDELETIUS (1554) to WILLUGHBY (1686) and ARTE- DI in LINNAEUS (1738) as literature sources. On page 235, LinnAEus (1758) described his Squalus catulus as follows: “S. dorso variegato mutico, pinnis ventralibus concretis, dorsalibus caudae approximatis.” In addition to this description, LINNAEUS (1758) refered to descriptions by ARTE- DI ın LiNNAEUS (1738), GRONovIus (1754a), SALVIANI (1554), WILLUGHBY (1686), and Rajus (1713). RONDELETIUS (1554: 380-383, figs, “De Canicula Aristotelis”), GESNER (1563: LXXX, fıgs, as Canicula secunda species sine Aristotelis), and RAajus (1713: 22, Catulus major vulgarıs, from Cornwall) inadequately described and illus- trated a scyliorhinid with small spots which may be referable to this species. Both nominal species described by LiNnAEus are probably of a composite origin, based on both European species of Scyliorhinus (S. canıcula, S. stellaris). No type material was found in collections housing Linnaen materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 318, 341; own research). In order to stabilize the present status of the names (in the sense of QUERO in WHITEHEAD et aliı, 1984: 99; FRICKE, 1987: 42; synonymy by CoMPAGNO, 1984: 358), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Squalus ca- nicula Linnaeus, 1758 and Sqgalns catulus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 8663, male, 397.6 mm TL - Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Croa- ta: 15 km NNW Cres City, Cres Island, 45°02’N 14°18’ E- FRICkKE, R.-2 May 1989. Scyliorhinus stellarıs (Linnaeus, 1758) Squalus stellaris Linnaeus, 1758: 235 (in Marı Europaeo/European sea; neotype: SMNS 8673, as designated below). 16 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Linnaeus (1758: 235) described his Squalus stellarıs as follows: “S. varıus inermis, pinnis ventralibus discretis, dorsalibus caudae approximatıs. ... Habitat in Mari Europaeo.” He also noted that the description was based on several historical sources, includ- ing RONDELETIUS (1554: 383, fig., “De Canıcula saxatılıi”) and Rajus (1713: 22, Catulus maximus) who inadequately described and ıllustrated a scyliorhinid with large sports which is most probably based on this species. The description by Lin- NAEUS (1758) is probably based on both European species of Scyliorhinus (S. canicu- la, S. stellarıs). No type material of S. stellaris could be detected in any collections housing Linnean materials (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 1606; own research). In order to sta- bilize the present status of the names (in the sense of ComPacno, 1984: 366; QUERO in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1984: 100; FRICkE, 1987: 42), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Squalus stellaris Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 8673, female, 343.6mm TL - Mediterranean Sea, Italy: Geno- va/Genoa, Liguria, 44°25’N 8°57’E — FRICKE, R. - 6 Oct. 1979. Carcharhinidae Galeorhinus galens (Linnaeus, 1758) Squalus Galeus Linnaeus, 1758: 234 (in oceano Europaeo/European sea; neotype: SMNS 20661, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 234) described his Squalus galeus as follows: “S. narıbus ori vicinis, foramıinibus ad oculus. ... Habitat in Oceano Europae.” In addition, he refered to earlier descriptions by RONDELETIUS (1554), GESNER (1563), SaLvıanı (1554), WILLUGHBY (1686), Rajus (1713), and ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738) as sources. This is a composite description. RONDELETIUS (1554: 377-378, fig., “De Galeo cane”) and Rajus (1713: 23) inadequately described and ıllustrated a shark which could possibly be based on this species. From the description by Lin- NAEUS (1758) and many of the earlier authors, however, it is not possible to judge about the specific identity of the fish. No type material was found in collections housing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 628; own research). In order to sta- bilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRANSTETTER in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1984: 118; ComPAGNOo, 1984: 386; FRICKE, 1987: 44), I hereby designate the fol- lowing specimen as the neotype of Squalus galeus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20661, 388.1mm TL - Germany: Helgoland Island, 54°12’N 7°53’E - Museum Hamburg - 1846. Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) Squalus Mustelus Linnaeus, 1758: 235 (Europa/European sea; neotype: SMNS 20662, as des- ignated below; name placed on Official List of Species Names ın Zoology as type species of Mustelus Linck, 1790). Linnaeus (1758: 235) described his Squalus mustelus as follows: “S. dentibus obtusis. ... Habitat in Europa.” In addition, he refers to earlier publications by GESNER (1563), SALVIANI (1554), WıILLUGHBY (1686), Rajus (1713) and ArTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738) as sources of his FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 17 description, which is clearly of acomposite nature. The description as it stands is in- complete; it is impossible to judge about the specific identity. No type material was found in collections housing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1140; own re- search). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRAn- STETTER in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1984: 120; CoMmPAGNo, 1984: 419; FRICKE, 1987: 44-45), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Squalus muste- lus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20662, male, 376.2 mm TL - Mediterannean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Ita- ly: Venezia/Venice, 45°27’N 12°21’E — MARTENS, von — 1818. Rajıdae Raja clavata (Linnaeus, 1758) Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758: 232 (in oceano Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 16042, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 232) described his Raja clavata as follows: “R. aculeata, dentibus tuberculosis, cartilagine transversa ventrali. ... Habitat in Oceano Eu- ropaeo.” He also refers to the publications of RONDELETIUS (1554), GESNER (1563), WIL- LUGHBY (1686), Raus (1713), LINNAEUS and ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738) as sources for his description. The species ıs sketchily diagnozed and of a composite nature, probably based on several species of rajıds. RONDELETIUS (1554: 353-354, fig., “De Raia Clauata”) inadequately described and figured a rajid which could possibly have been based on this species. No type material was found in collections housing Lin- nean or pre-Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 386; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of STEHMANN in HUREAU & Monop, 1973: 59; STEHMANN & BÜRKEL in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1984: 185-186; FRICKkE, 1987: 50), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 16042, 254.7 mm disc width, 359.9Jmm TL - Germany: Helgoland Island, 54°12’N 7°53’ E - Museum Hamburg - 1847. Torpedinidae Torpedo marmorata (Risso, 1810) Torpedo Marmorata Risso, 1810: 20-21, pl. 3, fig. 4 (Nice/France; lectotype: Rısso, 1810, pl. 3, fig. 4, as designated below). Rısso (1810: 20-21) described his Torpedo marmorata as follows: “T. Testacea, rubro Inteoqune varia; maculıs fuscis, pınna candae rotunda. ...” The colour pattern illustrated by Rısso (1810: pl. 3, fig. 4) is characteristic for the species; the spiracle is well illustrated showing the typical shape of Torpedo marmor- ata. Therefore, I hereby designate Rısso’s (1810: pl. 3, fig. 4) illustration as the lecto- type of Torpedo marmorata Risso, 1810. 18 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Dasyatidae Dasyatıs pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) Raja Pastinaca Linnaeus, 1758: 232 (Europa/Europe; neotype: SMNS 12651, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 232) described his Raja pastinaca as follows: “R. corpore glabro, aculeo longo anterius serrato in cauda apterygia. ... Habitat in Europa. Caudae aculeus venenatus veteribus & recentioribus. Fato Ulyssis clarus.” He also refered to publications from RONDELETIUS (1554) to Rajus (1713), and ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738) as sources of his description. RONDELETIUS (1554: 331-337, fig., “De Pastinaca”) described a dasyatid species which is a historical source for the description of LINNAEUS (1758); ıt is, however, not identifyable to the species level. The species is inadequately diagnozed, and clearly of a composite na- ture, probably consisting of several species of dasyatids. No types were found in col- lections housing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1297; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of KREFFT & STEHMANN in HUREAU & Monop, 1973: 70; MCEACHRAN & CAPAPE in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1984: 199; FRICkE, 1987: 55), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Raja pastınaca Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 12651, 167.7 mm disc width, 316.8mm TL - Italy: Napoli/Naples, 40°51’N 14°17’E - Zoological Station Naples - 1880. Chimaeridae Chimaera monstrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758: 236 (Atlantic; neotype: SMNS 543, as designated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology, as the type species of Chimaera Linnaeus, 1758). Linnaeus (1758: 236) described his Chimaera monstrosa as follows: “C. rostro subtus plicis pertusis. ... Habitat in marı Atlantico.” In addition, he refered to the publications by WıLLuGHBY (1686) and Rajus (1713) as sources of his description. The species is inadequately diagnozed, and clearly of a composite nature, as it cannot be ıdentified to the species level. No types were found in collections housing Linnean materials (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 1117; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of STEH- MANN & BÜRKEL in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1984: 213; FRICKE, 1987: 56), I hereby desig- nate the following specimen as the neotype of Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 543, 859.5+ mm TL - Mediterranean Sea, France: Nice, 43°42’N 7°15’E — Museum Milano - Apr. 1856. Anguillidae Anguilla angnilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Muraena Angvilla Linnaeus, 1758: 245 (Europa/Europe; neotype: SMNS 17418, as designat- ed below; name Muraena anguilla Linnaeus, 1758 on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology, as type species of Anguilla Schrank, 1798). Anguilla vulgaris Shaw, 1803: 15 (locality not stated; neotype: SMNS 17418, as designated be- low). FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 19 Linnaeus (1758: 245) described his Muraena angvilla as follows: “M. maxilla inferiore longiore, corpore unicolore. D.1000. P.19. V.0. A.100. C.- ... Habitat in Europa; maxıma ın lacu Cornachio Ferrariensi; non fert Danubium. Nocturna; latet in coeno duplici foramine; coercetur trunco albo Betulae; cutis tenacissima; parit vivipara, sub canıcula. Act. Holm. 1750. p. 194.” The species was clearly identified by Linnaeus (1758). However, important char- acters are missing in the description. It was noted to be based on historical sources (e.g. LINNAEUS, 1746: 109, Muraena unicolor, maxilla longiore ..., who refered to historical literature from RONDELETIUS (1555) to Rajus (1713); RONDELETTUS, 1555: 198-202, figs, “De Angullis”; GEsNER, 1563: CLXXVII, fig., as Anguilla). No type material could be detected in collections housing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 101). In order to stabilize the common usage of the name (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 34; BAUCHOT in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 535-536), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of both Muraena anguilla Linnaeus, 1758 and Anguilla vulgaris Shaw, 1803: Neotype: SMNS 17418, 546.0 mm SL, 560.4mm TL - Germany, Baden-Württem- berg: Kinzig, at Neumühl, 2km SE Kehl, 48°34’N 7°51’E — SIESSEGGER, J. — 22 July 1996. Congridae Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) Muraena Conger Linnaeus, 1758: 245 (in oceano Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 20573, as designated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology, as type species of Conger Oken, 1817). Linnaeus (1758: 245) described his Muraena conger as follows: “M. rostro tentaculis duobus linea lateralı ex punctis albida. Art. gen. 24. syn. 40. Muraena supremo margine pinnae dorsalıs nigro. Habitat in Oceano Europaeo.” This brief description refers to acongrid, but it is not possible to identify it down to the species level, as it might either refer to Conger conger or Ariosoma balearicum. The reference to ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738) is based on several historical sources (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1554: 394-397, fig., “De Congro”; GESNER, 1563: XLVI-XLVII, fig.; inaccurately described and fıgured). Since it was not possible to find atype in any of the institutions with Linnean materials (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 405; own research), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Muraena conger Linnaeus, 1758 in order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of FRICkE, 1987: 58-59): Neotype: SMNS 20573, 435.3mm TL - Italy, Venezia/Venice, 45°27’N 12°21’E - MARTENS, voN — 1818. Clupeidae Sardına pilchardus pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) Clupea harengus. Varietas. Clupea Pıilchardus Walbaum, 1792: 38 (Cornwall, England; neo- type: SMNS 20570, as designated below; name on the Official List of Specific Names ın Zoology as type species of Sardına Antipa, 1940). 20 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 WALBAUM (1792: 38) described his “Clupea harengus. Var. Clupea pilchardus” as follows: “Clupea Pilchardus, corpore minus compresso pinna dorsalı aequilibri; Squamis non deciduis. W(albaum). ...” WALBAUM also refered to earlier authors including RONDELETIUS (1554: 217-219, fig.) and GESNER (1563: II-IIl, fig.) who described and illustrated this species as Sar- dina. WALBAUM’s description ıs of a composite origin and may have been based on several clupeid species. No type material was found (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 1339; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of WHITE- HEAD in WHITEHEAD etalii, 1984: 276-277; FRICkE, 1987: 61), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Clupea pilchardus Walbaum, 1792: Neotype: SMNS 20570, 160.2 mm SL, 188.5 mm TL - Spain, Vigo, 42°14’N 8°43’E — ERICKE, R. 13 May 1978. Engraulidae Engranlıs encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Clupea encrasicolus Linnaeus, 1758: 318 (in oceano Europaeo/European ocean; neotype: SMNS 20562, as designated below). LinnaEus (1758: 318) described his C/upea encrasicolus as follows: “C(lupea) maxilla superiore longiore. Art. gen. 7 syn. 17. Clupea maxilla superiore longiore. Habitat in Oceano Europaeo. (...)” This description refers to a herring-like fısh wıth a long upper jaw. The only spe- cıes like that in the northeastern Atlantic is what we now call Engranlıs encrasicho- Ius (in the sense of WHITEHEAD in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1984: 282-283, E. encrasicho- lus; FRICKE, 1987: 63, E. enchrasicolus). However, the description lacks many impor- tant characters distinguishing E. encrasicholus from other species of family Engraulidae. There are several historical sources of the description (e.g. RONDELE- tıus, 1554: 211-212, fig., “De Encrasicholis”). As ist was not possible to detect any types ın collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 530; own re- search), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Clupea encra- sicolus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20562, 140.9 mm SL, 162.7 mm TL - Italy: Bay of Palermo, at Pa- lermo, Sıcılia, 38°07’N 13°21’E - PAGENSTECHER, H. A. - 1877. Sternoptychidae Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1789) Salmo Müller: Gmelin, 1789: 1378 (Sondmör/Norway; types not known). The taxonomic identity of this species will be discussed ın a fortheoming paper by FRICKE & WOLFRAM (In litt.). Cyprinidae Abramiıs ballerus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Ballerus Linnaeus, 1758: 326 (in Europae lacubus/European lakes; neotype: SMNS 15536, as designated below). FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 21 Cyprinus Farenus Linnaeus, 1758: 326 (in Sveciae laco Maelero/Lake Mälar, Sweden; neotype: SMNS 15536, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 326) described his Cyprinus ballerus as follows: “C. pinna anı radıis 40. Fn. svec. 323. Art. gen. 3. syn. 12. spec. 23. Cyprinus admodum latus & tenuis, pinna anı ossiculorum 40. Dit. Bo, IR, AA, 9). Habitat in Europae lacubus.” He described his Cyprinus farenus as follows: “C. pinna anı raduis 37, ırıde clava. Art. spec. 23. Fn. sv. 327. D.11. P.18. V.10. A.37. C.19. Habitat in Sveciae Lacu Maelero.” Both Cyprinus ballerus and C. farenus of LinnAEUs (1758) are characterized ın the original descriptions by their 37-40 (36-39 in acutal specimens) soft anal fin rays. oreen many other important characters are missing. There were several histori- cal sources for the descriptions (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1555: 154-156, fig., “De Balle- 0”, A Lugdunensibus/Lyon; based on Abramis brama; GESNER, 1563: CLXVII, left page, fıg., as Blicca, Ballerus, Plestya; LinnAEus, 1746: 122-123, Cyprinus pinna ani ossicnlorum quadraginta ..., citing historical literature form RONDELETIUSs, 1555 to Rayus, 1713), which were based on several different species including Abramis brama. No type material of either species could be detected in collections housing Linnean type material (EsSCHMEYER, 1998: 190, 561; own research). In order to stabi- lize the present usage as a valid species named Abramis ballerus (Linnaeus, 1758), with Cyprinus farenns Linnaeus, 1758 as a synonym, in the sense of BERG (1949: 785), BRUNKEN & FRICkKE (1985: 48) and KoTTELAT (1997: 108), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of both Cyprinus ballerus Linnaeus, 1758 and Cyprinus farenus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 15536, 308.8mm SL, 387.6mm TL - Germany: Elbe River, near Wittenberge, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 53°00’N 11°44’E — BRUNKEN, H. — 1 Nov. 1992. Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Bjoerkna Linnaeus, 1758: 326 (in Sveciae lacubus/Lakes of Sweden; neotype: SMNS 12668, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 326) described his Cyprinus bjoerkna as follows: epinnaanıradıs 35, 772 suec328 2ER E15 VIA 352@D. Art. gen. 3. syn. 13. spec. 20. Cyprinus quincuncualis, pinna anı ossiculorum 25. D.11. P. 15. VOEADIEEHI! Habitat in Sveciae lacubus.” This is a composite description, based on historical sources including LINNAEUS (1746: 124, Cyprinus pinna ani radiis viginti quinque ..., refering to historical litera- ture from RonDELETius, 1555 to Rajus, 1713); ıt was probably based on several cy- prinid species. No type material could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 237; own re- search). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICkE, 1985: 46, as Blicca bjoerkna; KOTTELAT, 1997: 42), I hereby designate the following specimen (from a Baltic Sea tributary) as the neotype of Cyprinus bjoerk- na Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 12668, 190.6 mm SL, 237.1 mm TL - Germany: Greifswald, Meck- lenburg-Vorpommern, 54°05’N 13°23’E — Zoologisches Institut Heidelberg — 1887. 22 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Alburnus alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Alburnus Linnaeus, 1758: 325 (in Europae aquis dulcibus/Europe; neotype: SMNS 15204, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 325) described his Cyprinus alburnus as follows: “C. pinna anı radıis 20. Fn. svec. 330. Art. gen. 6. syn. 10. spec. 17. Cyprinus quincuncaalis, pinna anı ossiculorum 20. D.10. P.14. V.9. A.21.C.- Gron. mus. 1.n. 10. ıdem D.9. P. - V.9. A.22. C. - Act. Ups. 1741.p. 75.n. 58. Koning van afterling. D.8. P.14. V.8. A. 18. C.20. Habitat in Europae aquis dulcibus.” This is acomposite description based on specimens and several literature sources, as cıted by ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738) (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1555, 203-204, fıg., “De Cobite fluuiatili”; 208, fig., “De Alburno”; GESNER, 1563: CLIX-CLX, fıg., as Al- burnus Ausonü, inadequately figured and described; LinnAEus, 1746: 124, Cyprinus pinna anıi radıis viginti ..., refering to historical literature from RONDELETIUS, 1555 to Rajus, 1713), and GronovIus (1754a: 3, Cyprinus quincuncialıs, pinna anı occisu- lorum viginti). LinNAEus’s (1758) description was probably based on several species of cyprinids. Though the species is relatively well characterized, there are a number of errors in the description (20-22 anal fın rays; really 3/17-20; 8-10 dorsal fın rays, really 3/8; 14 pectoral fın rays, really 1/15). No type material was detected in collec- tions housing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 69; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 46), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Cyprinus alburnus Lin- naeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 15204, 160.3 mm SL, 195.4mm TL - Germany: Rems Stream, at Winterbach, Baden-Württemberg, 48°49’N 9°58’E — STEPHAN, G. & WNuck, H.-7 June 1994. Aspıins aspıus aspins (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Aspins Linnaeus, 1758: 325 (in Sveciae lacubus/Swedish lakes; neotype: SMNS 20637, as designated below). LinnaEus (1758: 325) described his Cyprinus aspins as follows: “C. pinna anı radıis 16, maxilla inferiore longiore ıncurva. En. suec, 319. Art. gen. 6. syn. 14. spec. 14. Cyprinus maxilla inferiore longiore cum apice elevato, pinna anı ossiculorum 15. D.11. P.18. V.10. A.16. C.19. Habitat in Sveciae lacubus.” This species is relatively well characterized in the original description, though the description is of acomposite origin, based on specimens and literature sources (e.g. GESNER, 1563: CLXX, fıg., as Capito fluniatilis rapax; inaccurately described and il- lustrated; LINNAEUS, 1746: 121, Cyprinus pinna anı ossicnlorum quindecim ..., refer- ing to ARTEDI in LINNAEUS [1738] as its source). No type material was detected in collections housing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 149, own research). In or- der to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 44), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Cyprinus as- pins Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20637, 138.1 mm SL, 167.8mm TL (caudal fin damaged) — Germa- ny: Neuwarper See/Lake Neuwarp, isolated southern part of Stettiner Haft, FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 23 southern part of lake, close to border to Poland, at Rieth, 53°42’N 14°15’E - BRUNkEn, H. — 25 July 1998. Carassıus carassıns (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Carassins Linnaeus, 1758: 321 (in Europae stagnıs/in European ponds; neotype: SMNS 12750, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 321) described his Cyprinus carassıns as follows: “C. pinna anı radıis 10, caudae integra, Iınea laterali recta. D.20. P.15. V.8. A.9. C.21. Art. gen. 4. syn. 5. spec. 29. Cyprinus pinna dorsıi ossiculis 20, linea laterali recta. D.20. P.15. Val: = Fn. svec. 322. ıdem. Gron. mus. 1.n. 11. idem. D.20. P.11. V.9. A.10. C.23. Act. Ups. 1741. p. 75.n. 55. Cyprinus Hamburger. D.20. P.14. V.9. A.9. C.22. Habitat in Europae stagnıs. (...)” This original description does not clearly ditferentiate the species; it is of a com- posite origin, based on several historical sources (e.g. GESNER, 1563; CLXVIJ], fıg., as Charax; LINNAEUS, 1746: 122, Cyprinus pinna ani ossicnlorum viginti ..., refering to historical literature from GESNER, 1563 to Rajus, 1713; GRONOVIUS, 17543: 3, Cy- prinus quincuncıalıs, pinna dorsi occicnlorum viginti, linea lateri recta) and may have been based on both Carassius carassins and the wild form of Carassius anratus. No types could be detected in collections housing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 327; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BERG, 1949: 821; BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 49), I hereby designate the fol- lowing specimen as the neotype of Cyprinus carassins Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 12750, 213.1 mm SL, 258.3 mm TL - Germany: Neckar River, at Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, 49°25’N 13°23’E — BLOCHMANN — 1890. Gobio gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Gobio Linnaeus, 1758: 320-321 (in Anglia et adjacentibus/Britain and surrounding countries; neotype: SMNS 20595, as designated below). LinnaAeus (1758: 320-321) described his Cyprinus gobio as follows: ep antradussil eins) 22 KO DTESV. IN ET9! Art. gen. 4. syn. 11. spec. 13. Cyprinus quincuncialis maculosus, maxilla superiore longiore, cirris duobus ad os. D.12. P.17. V.11. A.11. C.19. Gron. mus. 2.n. 149. ıdem? D.8. P.14. V.6. A.7. C. - Habitat in Anglıa et adjacentibus.” The species ıs relatively well characterized ın the original description. However, a number of important characters are missing in the original description (e.g. lateral line scales; relative length of barbels; colouration). Also, this is a composite descrip- tion based on several historical sources (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1555: 206-207, fig., “De Gobione fluuiatili”, probably from Lyon/France; GESNER, 1563: CLX, left page, fıgs, Gobio fluniatıhs; inadequately described and figured, not identifyable; GRONOo- vıus (1754b: 3, Cyprinus quincuncıalıs, maculosus, maxilla superiore longiore ...). No type material could be detected in collections housing Linnean materials (EscH- MEYER, 1998: 655; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICkE, 1985: 45), I hereby designate the following spec- imen (originating from a Rhone tributary in southern France which is close to the 24 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 type locality of the RONDELETIUS specimen) as the neotype of Cyprinus gobio Lin- naeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20595, 76.3mm SL, 91.omm TL - France, Departement Gard: brook into Gardon de Saint-Jean River, ca 7/Om above mouth, near Massies, between Saint-Jean-du-Gard and Audouze, 45km NW Nimes, 44°04’40”N 3°55’20”E — MARTENS, A. - 16 July 1995. Leuciscus idus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Idus Linnaeus, 1758: 324 (in Europae aquis dulcibus/European freshwaters; neo- type: SMNS 17362, as designated below). Cyprinus Idbarus Linnaeus, 1758: 324 (in Sveciae lacubus/Swedish lakes; neotype: SMNS 16427, as designated below). Cyprinus Orfus Linnaeus, 1758: 324 (in Rheno, Angliae fluviis, lacubus/Rhine; English rivers and lakes; neotype: SMNS 17362, as designated below). Cyprinus Jeses Linnaeus, 1758: 325 (in Germanıa/Germany; neotype: SMNS 17362, as desig- nated below). LinnaEus (1758: 324) described his Cyprinus idus as follows: “C. pinna anı radııs 13 rubra. Fn. svec. 320. D.10. P.18. V.10. A.13. C.19. Art. gen. 5. syn. 14. spec. 6. Cyprinus iride sublutea, pinnis ventralibus anique rubris. D.11. BOT BT@I: Cronamasale 337135 1dem a DA1O-P20SVIIN437@24 Habitat in Europae aquis dulcibus.” He described his Cyprinus orfus as follows: “C. pınna anı radıis 13. Art. syn. 6. Cyprinus Orfus dictus. Ray. pisc. 118. Rutilus latior s. Rubellio fluviatilis. D.10. P.19. V.9. A.13. C. - Meyer. thier. 2.t. 94. Orf. Habitat in Rheno, Anglıae fluviis, Jacubus.” Linnaeus (1758) described his Cyprinus jeses as follows: “C. pinna anı radıis 14, rostro rotundato. D.- P.- V.- A.- C.- Art. syn. 7. Cyprinus cubitalıs, pinna anı ossiculorum 14. Habitat ın Germania.” This species is relatively well characterized in each of the four original descrip- tions cited above, though they are of composite origins, based on specimens and lit- erature sources (e.g. GESNER, 1563: CLXVI], fıgs, as Orfus; Rayus, 1713: 118; GRo- novıus (1754a: 3, Cyprinus iride sublutea, pinnis ventralibus, anique rubis), which can be identified as several cyprinid species, including Rutilus rutilus, Leuciscus idus, Scardinins erythrophthalmus. A number of important characters are missing in the original descriptions (e.g. lateral line scales; scales above the lateral line; colouration), and some are in error (dorsal rays 10-11 in C. idus, orfus and jeses; really 3/8-9; anal rays 13 in C. idus and orfus, really 3/9-10; pectoral rays 19 in C. orfus, really 1/15-16). No type material of either nominal species was detected in collections housing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 759, C. idus; 812, C. jeses; 1247, C. or- fus; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name Cyprinus idus (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 42), and in order to permanently synon- ymize the names C. jeses and C. orfus, I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Cyprinus idus Linnaeus, 1758, Cyprinus orfus Linnaeus, 1758 and Cy- prinus jeses Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 17362, 254.7 mm SL, 306.0mm TL - Germany: Vorbach, 10km FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 25 SSE Weikersheim, Baden-Württemberg, 49°25’N 9°47’E — HABERBOSCH,R. & Dussting, U. - 18 Apr. 1996. LinnaAEus (1758: 324) described his Cyprinus idbarus as follows: “C. pinna anı radiis 12, pinnis ventralibus sanguineis. D.10. P. - V.- A.12. C. 19. Habitat in Sveciae lacubus.” Cyprinus idbarus Linnaeus, 1758 ıs considered as a synonym of Lenciscus ıdus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) (e.g. BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 42; KOTTELAT, 1997: 67). As the original description is very limited, omitting many important characters, and as no type specimen could be found in institutions housing Linnean materials (see ESCHMEYER, 1998: 759; own research), I hereby designate the following specimen of L. idus idus from a Baltic Sea drainage as the neotype of Cyprinus idbarus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 16427, 266.7 mm SL, 328.83mm TL - Germany: Kiel/Schleswig- Holstein, 54°20’N 10°08’E - ZıETZ - 1883. Phoxinus phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758: 322-323 (Europa/Europe; neotype: SMNS 20596, as designated below). Cyprinus Aphya Linnaeus, 1758: 323 (in Europae rıvulis/European creeks; neotype: SMNS 20596, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 322-323) described his Cyprinus phoxinus as follows: “C. pinna anı radııs 8, macula fusca ad caudam, corpore pellucido. D.8. P.16. V.8. A.8. C.19. Art. syn. 12. Cyprinus tridactylus varıus oblongus teretiusculus, pinna anı ossıculorum 8. Habitat ın Europa.” He described his Cyprinus aphya as follows: “C. pinna anı radııs 9, ırıdıbus rubris, corpore pellucido. Fn. svec. 331. D.10. P.12. V.7. A.9. @alg: It. Wgot. 232. Cyprinus minimus. D.11. P.8. V.8. A.9. C.19. Art. gen. 4. syn. 13. spec. 30. Cyprinus biuncıalıs, iridibus rubris, pınna anı ossiculorum 9. D.-P.-V.- A.9. C.- Habitat in Europae rivulis.” These descriptions are relatively accurate, but missing a number of important characters, including lateral line scales, body shape, etc. However, the descriptions are of a composite origin, based on several historical sources, probably with differ- ent specific ıdentities (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1555: 204-205, upper fig., “De Phoxinis”; GESNER, 1563: CLIX, left page, fıgs, as Phoxinus laenis; LINNAEUS, 1746: 125, Cypri- nus pinnae ani vradııs novem ..., refering to ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738) as historical source). No type material of either species was found in collections housing Linne- an specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 118, 1333; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the names (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 43; Cyprinus aphya as a synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus, see KOTTELAT, 1997: 73), I hereby desig- nate the following specimen as the neotype of both Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758 and Cyprinus aphya Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20596, 74.3 mm SL, 88.5 mm TL (caudal fin damaged) - Baltic Sea, Sweden, Prov. Öland: Öland Island, Björnnabben, 1.5 km WSW northern tip of island (at Erik Lighthouse), 5km NNE Byxelkrok, 45km NNW Borgholm, 57°21’58”N 17°04’13”E, 0-1 m depth, between boulders of lıttle jetty — FRICKE, R.-18 Aug. 1998. 26 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Scardinius eryhrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Erythrophthalmus Linnaeus, 1758: 324-325 (in Europa septentrionali/northern Eu- rope: neotype: SMNS 20597, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 324-325) described his Cyprinus erythrophthalmus as follows: “C. pinna anı radıis 14, pinnis rubris. Fr. svec. 324. Art. gen. 3. syn. 4. spec. 9. Cyprinus iride pinnis omnibus caudaque rubris. D.11. P16. V.10. A119. Habitat in Europa septentrionalı » This is acomposite description; LINNAEUS (1758) used for his description several earlier sources (LINNAEUS, 1746: 123, Cyprinus pinnae ani radııs quatnordecim ..., refering to WILLUGHBY [1686] and Rajus, 1713). Descriptions in these historical pa- pers confused Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Rutilus rutilus, Lenciscus idus and simi- lar species. No type material was found in collections housing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 542; own research). For stabilizing the present usage of the name (BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 43), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Cyprinus erythrophthalmus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype, SMNS 20597, 250.1 mm SL, 300.1 mm TL - Germany: Elbe River, 15 km SE Wittenberge, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 52°51’N 11°50’E — BRUNKEN, H. - July 1995. Tinca tıinca (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Tinca Linnaeus, 1758: 321 (in Europae stagnıs/European lakes; neotype: SMNS 10985, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 321) described his Cyprinus tinca as follows: “C. pinna anı radıis 25, caudae integra, corpore mucoso. D.10. P.16. V.9. A.25. C.24. Art. gen. 4. syn. 5. spec. 27. Cyprinus mucosus totus nigrescens, extremitate caudae aequalı. DIRT ENGT EAN, Fn. svec. 321. Cyprinus pinna anı ossiculorum 11, cauda aequalı. Habitat in Europae stagnis, lacubus. Carassios repurgat; Icterı magnes.” This description is accurate, but is missing several characters important for the identification of the species (e.g. lateral line scales, barbels, live colouration). It ıs based on historical sources (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1555: 157-158, fig., “De Tinca”; GESNER, 1563: CLXVIIL, fig., as Tinca; LINNAEUS, 1746: 122, Cyprinus pinnae anı ossiculis undecım ..., refering to papers from RONDELETIUS, 1555 to Rajus, 1713). No type material could be detected in collections housing Linnean materials (EscH- MEYER, 1998: 1680; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 44), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Cyprinus tinca Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 10985, 209.6 mm SL, 262.7 mm TL - Germany: Schwippe Stream, 1.5km above Böblingen-Dagersheim, Baden-Württemberg, 48°42’N 8°55’E — FRICKE, R. & Wnuck, H. - 24 Sep. 1990. Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyprinus Vimba Linnaeus, 1758: 325 (in Sveciae lacubus/lakes of Sweden; neotype: SMNS 14430, as designated below). FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY DW Linnaeus (1758: 325) described his Cyprinus vimba as follows: “C. pinna anı radıis 24, rostro nasıformi. Fn. sv. 326. Art. gen. 6. syn. 14. spec. 18. Cyprinus rostro nasiformi, dorsi acuminato, pinna anı ossiculo- rum 24. D.11. P.16. V10. A.24. C.19. Habitat in Sveciae lacubus.” This species was recognizably, but incompletely described. Several important characters are missing (lateral line scales, abscence of a horny keel on the lower jaw, colouration). The original description is of acomposite nature, refering to LINNAE- us (1746: 123, Cyprinus pinnae ani radıis viginti ...), who cited ARTEDI ın LINNAFE- us (1738) as historical source. No type material was found in collections housing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER,1998: 1761; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 48-49), I here- by designate the following specimen as the neotype of Cyprinus vimba Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 14430, 275.2 mm SL, 327.5 mm TL - Germany: Neckar River, old side bed at Neckarsulm, Baden-Würrtemberg, 49°12’N 9°13’E -— VoLz, G. - OcEa1992: Salmonıdae Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758) Salmo albula Linnaeus, 1758: 310 (Europa/Europe; neotype: SMNS 1255, as designated be- low). Linnaeus (1758: 310) described his Salmo albula as follows: “S(almo) maxillis edentulis: inferiore longiore. Art. gen. 9 syn. 13 spec. 40. Coregonus edentulus, maxilla inferiore longiore. Fn. svec. 313. B.7. D.14. P.16. V.12. A.15. C.- Habitat in Europa. Prurit ante Brumam.” This description is incomplete, lacking several characters which are important for the identification of the species (e.g. number and proportions of gill rakers, head shape, etc.). Also, it is of a composite nature based on several different historical sources (e.g. LINNAEUS, 1746: 119, Coregonus edentulus, maxilla inferiore longiore ., who refered to publications from GESNER (1563) to Rajus (1713) and ARTEDI ın nm (1738), possibly based on different species). No type material was found in collections housing Linnean materials (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 68; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of THIENEMANN, 1922: 454; BERG, 1949; SYETOVIDOV in WHITEHEAD et aliı, 1984: 374-375), I hereby desig- nate the following specimen (which originates from the former Eastern Prussia, now Mazury in Poland, collected before the introduction of foreign coregonid stocks af- ter 1885) as the neotype of Salmo albula Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 1255, 190.6 mm SL, 228.4 mm TL - Poland: Spirdingsee/Sniardwy Lake, Mazury Province, 53°46’N 21°44’E - SIEBOLD, C. T. E. von - Dec. 1864. This species was formerly distributed in most lakes surrounding the Baltic Sea; to- day ıt is only found in the “Breiter Lucin” (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany). 28 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Coregonus lavaretus balticus (Thienemann, 1922) Coregonus lavaretus forma baltica Thienemann, 1922: 455 (Schlei R., Germany; neotype: SMNS 20628, as designated below). THIENEMANN (1922: 455) diagnozed his Coregonus lavaretus forma baltica as follows: “Die Schnauze zeigt alle Übergänge zwischen der kurzen und langnasigen Form. Die langna- sigen Exemplare haben dorsal an der Nasenbasis eine schwache Einbuchtung, so daß die Nase etwas aufwärts gebogen ist. Die Nase selbst ist kürzer als bei der folgenden Form (©. 1. var. oxyrhynchus). Relative Zahnlänge für Bogen II (9,8-14) 12,2. - In der Schlei. Schleischnäpel.” THIENEMANN (1922: 445-446) gave the total distribution range of this form as reaching from Flensburg to probably Greifswalder Bodden; also Christiansand (Kristinansand, Norway). No type material could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 191; own research). This taxon is here considered to be a subspecies of Coregonus lavaretus. In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of FRICkE, RECHLIN, WINKLER, BAST & HAHLBECK, 1996), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Coregonus lavaretus balticnus Thienemann, 1922: Neotype: SMNS 20628, 93.1mm SL, 110.7mm TL - Germany: Oderhaft, at Mönkebude, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 53°46’N 13°57’E - BRUNKEN, H.— 30 July 1998. The neotype well agrees in number and relative length of gill rakers on the first arch, and head shape, with specimens described by THIENEMANN (1922: 445-455). Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758) Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758: 308 (European seas and rivers; neotype: SMNS 19125, as desig- nated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology as the type species of Salmo Linnaeus, 1758). Linnaeus (1758: 308) described his Salmo salar as follows: “S(almo) rostro ultra inferiorem maxillam prominente. Art. gen. 11. syn. 22. spec. 48. Fn. svec. 306. B12. D.15. P.14. V.10. A.13. C.19. Habitat in Oceano Europae, parit in fluviis. Mas maxilla superiore adunca; fortiter fluvios adscendit; allicitur albo.” This description ıs of acomposite nature, based on several historical sources (LiN- NAEUS, 1746: 115-116, Salmo rostro infra inferiorem maxillam saepe prominente ..., refering to sources from RONDELETIUS, 1554 to Rajus, 1713); it may have been based on specimens of both Salmo salar and Salmo trutta. No type material could be de- tected in collections housing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1497; own re- search). For stabilizing the present usage of the name (in the sense of SVETOVIDOV in WHITEHEAD et aliı, 1984: 381-382; BRUNKEN & FRICKE , 1985: 34), I hereby desig- nate the following specimen as the neotype of Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 19125, 282.9 mm SL, 329.7 mm TL - Germany: Ems River, at Dit- zum, 10km SE Emden, Niedersachsen, 53°18’N 7°16’E — BRUNkEN, H. — Nov. 1996. Salmo trutta (Linnaeus, 1758) Salmo Trutta Linnaeus, 1758: 308 (European rivers; neotype: SMNS 20594, as designated be- low). FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 29 Salmo Eriox Linnaeus, 1758: 308 (in Oceano Europaeo, parit in fluviis/European seas and riv- ers; neotype: SMNS 20594, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 308) described hıs Salmo trutta as follows: “S(almo) ocellis nigris irıdıbus brunneis, pinna pectoralis punctis 6. 10350ec33085 5. DA] 27PI3SVEIOTAL9IIE20: Art. gen. 12 syn. 14. Salmo latus, maculis rubris nigrisque, cauda aequalı. Gron. mus. 2, n. 164. Salmo latus, cauda subrecta maxillis aequalibus, maculıis nigris annulo albido. D.14. P.12. V.12. A.10. C.- Habitat in fluviis Europae.” He described his Salmo eriox as follows: “S. maculis cinereis, caudae extremo aequalı. Art. gen. 12. syn. 23. spec. 50. Fn. svec. 307. B.12. D.14. P.14. V.10. A.12. C.- Habitat cum praecedente (Salmo salar).” These descriptions are of acomposite nature, based on several historical sources (e.g. LINNAEUS, 1746: 116, Salmo maculıs nigris brunneo cinctis ..., refering to sour- ces from WILLUGHBY, 1686 to Rajus, 1713 and ARTEDI in LinnAeus, 1738) which may have been based on specimens of Salmo salar and Salmo trutta. No type mate- rıal could be detected in collections housing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 539; 1707; own research). For stabilizing the present usage of the name (in the sense of SVETOVIDOV in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1984: 382-383; BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 35, with Salmo eriox as a synonym of $. trutta according to KOTTELAT, 1997: 141), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of both Salmo trutta Lin- naeus, 1758 and Salmo eriox Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20594, 261.7 mm SL, 298.3 mm TL - Germany: Weser River, 8km S Nordenham, at “Unterweser” Nuclear Power Station, Niedersachsen, 53°25’36”N 8°28’56”E, fısh screen at cooling water intake — FRICkE, R. — 15 May 1998. Osmeridae Osmerus eperlanus schonfoldi (McAllister in Whitehead et alıı, 1986) Eperlanus schonfoldii Rutty, 1772: 358 (Dublin, Ireland; name not available as published in a work that ıs not consistently binominal; see ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1521). Osmerus eperlanus schonfoldi McAllister in Whitehead et alii, 1986: 401, 402 (Poland west- ward to British Isles; neotype: SMNS 20598, as designated below). RurtTy (1772: 358) described his Eperlanus Schonfoldi as follows: “The Smelt. It is frequent in July and August, the flesh soft, tender and of a delicate flavour.” This description does not contain any familiar, specific or subspecific characters, and is therefore inadequate to distinguish the species. The first available reference to the name is the description of MCALLISTER in WHITEHEAD et alıı (1986: 401, 402). No type material of this taxon ıs known from any institutions (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1521; own research). There may be confusion between the two subspecies. O. eper- lanus eperlanus and O. eperlanus schonfoldı, as it is not possible to identify the sub- species in MCALLISTER’s (in WHITEHEAD et aliı, 1986: 401) illustration, and as no type material could be found (neither of Rurty’s nor of MCALLISTER’s taxon), | hereby designate a neotype for Osmerus eperlanus schonfoldi McAllister in White- head et aliı, 1986: 30 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Neotype: SMNS 20598, 175.1 mm SL, 207.5 mm TL - Germany: Ems River, at Dit- zum, 10km SE Emden, Niedersachen, 53°18’N 7°16’E -— BRUNkEN, H. — June 1997. Lophiidae Lophins budegassa (Spinola, 1807) Lophius budegassa Spinola, 1807: 376-377 (Golfe de Genes/Gulf of Genoa, Italy; neotype: SMNS 2209, as designated below). SpInoLA (1807: 376-377) briefly described his new species Lophins budegassa and distinguished it from Z[. piscatorins in having a trıangular and distally compressed es- ca. However, important characters that distinguish the species are missing in the original description (peritoneum black; dorsal fin ray numbers; etc.). No type mate- rıal could be detected (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 293; own research). In order to stabilıze the present usage of the name (in the sense of CARUSO in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 1362-1363), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Lophins budegassa Spinola, 1807: Neotype: SMNS 2209, 324.2 mm SL, 379.5 mm TL - Italy: Napolı/Naples, 40°51’N 14°17’E - Zoological Station Naples - Jan. 1877. Gadidae Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linne, 1766) Gadus cimbrius Linn&, 1766: 440 (O. Atlantico: Scanico; neotype: SMNS 2647, as designated below). Linn£ (1776: 440) described his Gadus cimbrius as follows: “cimbricus. 16. G. dipterygius cirratus, cirris 4, pınna dorsalı priore exoleta: radio prımo has- 0 188776 DAR TB NVEZ INA C25 Habitat in O. Atlantıco: Scanico. D. Strussenfelt.” This brief description ıs mainly accurate (except for the anal fin ray number: 37-41 in E. cimbrins), however missing a number of characters which are important to distinguish the species (length and position of first dorsal ray; position of barbels; colouration). No type material could be found in collections (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 378; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of CoHEN in COHEN etalii, 1990: 38), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Gadus cimbrins Linng, 1766: Neotype: SMNS 2647, 193.5 mm SL, 218.5mm TL - Germany: Kiel, Schleswig- Holstein, Baltic Sea, 54°20’N 10°08’E - ZiETZ - Apr. 1879. Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758 Gadus morhna Linnaeus, 1758: 252 (in oceano Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 20563, as designated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology as the type species of Gadus Linnaeus, 1758). Gadus vertagus Walbaum, 1792: 143 (locality not stated; neotype: SMNS 20563, as designat- ed below). Gadus heteroglossus Walbaum, 1792: 144 (locality not stated; neotype: SMNS 20563, as desig- nated below). FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 31 Linnaeus (1758: 252) described his Gadus morhna as follows: “G(adus) tripterygius cirratus, cauda subaequali, radio primo analı spinoso. ERSSVERZISTE 1921520.16.P200V.62..21516.@.— Habitat in Oceano Europaeo. Ova quotannis 9344000 ponit. Leuwenh.” This description is of a composite nature, based on several historical sources (e.g. LINNAEUS, 1746: 111, Gadus dorso tripterygio, ore cirrato ..., refering to sources from RONDELETIUS, 1554 to Rajus, 1713); the description ıs lacking several charac- ters which are important for the identification of the species (position of the fırst dorsal fin relative to the beginning of the anal fin; distance between the dorsal fins; upper or lower jaw protruding?; lateral line shape) or subspecies. No type material could be detected ın collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1121; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name Gadus mo- rhua morhna (in the sense of SvETOVIDOV in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 686-687; FRICkE, 1987: 71), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Ga- dus morhna Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype, SMNS 20563, 261.1 mm SL, 291.9Jmm TL - North Sea, Denmark: 180 km NW Esbjerg, 57°05’04”N 7°14’04”’E - R/V “Friedrich Heincke” — 28 Mar. 1998. Gadus heteroglossus and G. vertagus have been treated as synonyms of Gadus morhna (see SVETOVIDOV in HUREAU & Mono, 1973: 303). They were inadequate- ly described by Warsaum (1792), and no localities were given. In order to stabilize the present usage, I hereby designate the specimen SMNS 20563 (see above) as the neotype of both Gadus heteroglossus Walbaum, 1792 and Gadus vertagus Walbaum, 1792, thus fixing their status as synonyms of Gadus morhna morhna. Gadus morhua morhna ıs distributed on both sides of the North Atlantic, from Bay of Biscay to Greenland, Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya, while G. m. callarias Linnaeus, 1758 is found in the Baltic Sea east of the Kleiner and Grosser Belt. Gaidropsarıs vulgarus (Cloquet, 1824) Mustela vulgaris Cloquet, 1824: 456-457 (Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea; lectotype: ıllustra- tion by Rajyus, 1713: pl. 2, fig. 9, as designated below). CLoQuET (1824: 456-457) described this species as follows: “La Mustele commune: Mustela vulgaris, N.; Gadus mustela, Linn. Nageoire de la queue ar- rondie; deux barbillons ä la mächoire sup£rieure, un & l’inferieure; gRuPS tres-allongee, visqueux, gluant; ventre blanc; dos d’un brun fauve, ä taches noirätres . Ce poisson habite l’Ocean atlantique et al Mediterranee. ...” CrLoquer’s (1824: 456) description is based in part on the description of Rajus (1713: 164, pl. 2, fig. 9, Mustela marina vulgaris, Rockling, Cornwal/Cornwall, Eng- land), but there are earlier sources as well (e.g. RONDELETIUSs, 1554: 281-282, fig., “De Mustella vulgari”). The illustration of Rajus (1713) is quite characteristic for the species. I therefore hereby designate this illustration (Rajus, 1713: pl. 2, fig. 9) as the lectotype of Mustela vulgaris Cloquet, 1824 (in the sense of SVETOVIDOV in WHITE- HEAD etalıı, 1986: 701; FRICKE, 1987: 77). 32 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Molva molva (Linnaeus, 1758) Gadus molva Linnaeus, 1758: 254-255 (in oceano Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 20391, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 254-255) described his Gadus molva as follows: “G(adus) dipterygius cirratus, maxilla superiore longiore. Art. gen. 22, syn. 36. Gadus dorso dipterygio, ore cirrato, maxilla superiore longiore. DASESAE15TV.6 2624 It. Wgot. 177. Gadus Longus. D.15,63. P.20. V.6. A.60. C.- Habitat in Oceano Europaeo.” This description is sketchy, but mostly correct, except that the pectoral fın of Mol/- va molva has 18-21 rays, not 15 as stated by ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738). However, several characters which are important for the identification of the species are miss- ing (number of chin barbels; body colouration; length of mouth cleft; length of pel- vic fin; length of chin barbel; eye size). As ıt may be hard to distinguish the species using the description of LINNAEUS, and since no type material could be detected in the collections housing Linnean materials (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 1113; own research), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Gadus molva Linnaeus, 1758 in order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of SVETOVIDOV in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 703; FRICkE, 1987: 75): Neotype: SMNS 20391, 244.9 mm SL, 262.7 mm TL - Norway: Kvitsand, northern Nordbotn Island, 7Okm NW Trondheim, 63°40’50”N 9°05’E, 35-40 m depth — RETZ, W. - 27 June 1998. Pollachins pollachins (Linnaeus, 1758) Gadus Pollachius Linnaeus, 1758: 254 (in Oceano Europaeo; neotype: SMNS 20392, as desig- nated below). Linnaeus (1758: 254) described his Gadus pollachins as follows: “G. tripterygius imberbis, maxilla inferiore longiore, linea lateralı curva. Art. gen. 20. syn. 35. Gadus dorso tripterygio imberbi, maxilla inferiore longiore, linea latera- lı curva. D.11,19,16. P.17. V.6. A.16,18. C.- Gron. mus. 1.n. 57. Idem. D.13,17,23. P.17. V.6. A.14,23. C.- It. Wgot. 177. gadus Lyrblek s. Zaj. D.13,19,18. P.16. V.6. A.27,18. C.- Habitat in Oceano Europaeo.” This description is sketchy, and of a composite nature. A few characters are incor- rect (like the third dorsal fin containing 23 rays in the description of GRONOVIUS, but 15-20 in Pollachins pollachins; first anal fin with 16 rays in ARTEDI in LINNAEUS, 14 in GRONovIUus, but 23-34 ın P. pollachins; second anal fin with 23 rays in Gro- Nov1us, but 16-21 in P pollachins), and many characters which are important to dis- tinguish the species are missing (position of first dorsal fın ın relation to anal fin base; distance between dorsal fins; colouration). No type material was found in collec- tions containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1361; own research). In or- der to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of SVETOVIDOV in WHITE- HEAD et alii, 1986: 690-691; FRICKE, 1987: 72-73), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Gadus pollachins Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20392, 226.4 mm SL, 258.6 mm TL - Norway: Kvitsand, northern Nordbotn Island, /Okm NW Trondheim, 63°40’50” 9°05’E, 35-45 m depth - ReETz, W. - 27 June 1998. FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 33 Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758) Gadus virens Linnaeus, 1758: 253 (in Oceano Europaeo/European seas; syntype: BMNH 1853.11.12:167, 1 skin). Gadus Carbonarins Linnaeus, 1758: 254 (in Oceano Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 21185, as designated below). LinnaEus (1758: 254) described his Gadus carbonarius as follows: “G. tripterygius imberbis, maxilla inferiore longiore, linea lateri recta. Art. gen. 20. syn. 34. Gadus dorso tripterygio imberbi, maxilla inferiore longiore(,) linea late- ralı recta. D.14,20,22. P.18. V.6. A.22,19. C.- Habitat in Oceano Europaeo.” The original description of Gadus carbonarius ıs sketchy. A few characters are in- correct (like pectoral fin rays 18 ın the original description, but 19-21 in Pollachins virens), and several important characters to distinguish the species are missing (e.g. position of dorsal fin in relation to anal fin base; distance between dorsal fins; colouration). No type material could be detected in collections housing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 327; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name as a synonym of Pollachins virens (in the sense of SVETOVIDOV ın HUREAU & Monop, 1973: 309; species as defined by SVETOVIDOV ın WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 691; FRICKE, 1987: 73), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Gadus carbonarıns Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 21185, 170.0 mm SL, 185.4mm TL - Netherlands: Texel Island, 53°00’N 4°47’E - Janssen, C. — Sep. 1982. Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson, 1855) Gadus esmarkı Nilsson, 1855: 565 (Christianiafjord, Norway; neotype: SMNS 20397, as designated below). Nırsson (1855: 565) briefly described his Gadus esmarki; the species, however, cannot be identified with certainty out of the original description. No type material could be detected in the ZMUC or other institutions (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 545; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of SvE- TOVIDOV in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 693; Frıick£, 1987: 74, T. esmarkii), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Gadus esmarki Nilsson, 1855: Neotype: SMNS 20397, 175.5 mm SL, 193.7 mm TL - Norway: Kwitsand, northern Nordbotn Island, 70km NW Trondheim, 63°40°50”N 9°05’E, 35-40 m depth - RETZ, W.- 27 June 1998. Trısopterus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Gadus minutus Linnaeus, 1758: 253 (M. Mediterraneo/Mediterranean Sea; neotype: SMNS 9886, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 253) described his Gadus minutus as follows: “G(adus) tripterygius cirratus, ano in medio corporis. Art. gen. 21. syn. 36. Gadus dorso tripterygio, ore cirrato, corpore sescunciali, ano in medıo eorporis. D.12,19,17. P.13..V.6. A.27,17.C- Habitat ın M. Mediterraneo. * Pinnis dorsalibus trıbus, ore imberbıi.” The description of Gadus minutus is sketchy. A few characters are wrong (like pectoral fin rays 13, but 17-19 in Trisopterus minutus; anus in the middle of the body 34 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 in the original description, but much closer to tip of snout than to caudal fın base ın T. minutus), and several characters which are important to distinguish the species are missing (e.g. position of dorsal fın ın relation to anal fin base; distance between dor- sal fins; colouration). The type locality is the Mediterranean Sea as stated by Lin- NAEUS (1758: 253), not the Atlantic as mentioned by BAUCHOT in FISCHER, SCHNEI- DER & BAUCHOT (1987: 1102) who erroneously restricts Trisopterus minutus minutus to the area between Gibraltar and Scandinavia. No type specimens could be detect- ed in collections containing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1101; own re- search). In order to stabilize the present usage (as of SVETOVIDOV in HUREAU & Monop, 1973: 310; SVETOVIDOV in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 694-695; FRICKE, 1987: 73), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Gadus minu- tus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 9886, 134.8 mm SL, 152.3 mm TL - Greece: Varkisa, 36 km SE Pi- raievs, 37°43’12”N 23°44°32”E — Tsıomos, V. — 21 Dec. 1989. Merlueciidae Merluccius merluccins (Linnaeus, 1758) Gadus merluccius Linnaeus, 1758: 254 (in Oceano/in the ocean; neotype: SMNS 20575, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 254) described his Gadus merluccius as follows: “G(adus) dipterygius cirratus, maxilla interiore longiore. D10,39. P.12. V.7. A.38. C.22. Art. gen. 22. syn. 36. Gadus dorso dipterygio, maxilla inferiore longiore. D.9,40. P.12. V.7. INSIA@ Habitat in Oceano.” This description is sketchy, but correct; however, LINNAEUS did not mention sev- eral characters which are important for the identification of the species (e.g. presence or absence of a chın barbel; length of pectoral fin; colouration; proportions), espe- cially in order to distinguish it from other merlucciid species, as LINNAEUS did not state the type locality. No type specimens could be detected in collections contain- ing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1070; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage (in the sense of SVETOVIDOV in HUREAU & Monop, 1973: 300; FRICKE, 1987: 78), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Ga- dus merluccius Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20575, 279.6mm SL, 309.7mm TL - Italy, Venezia/Venice, 45°27’N 12°21’E — MARTENS, voN - 1818. Exocoetidae Cheilopogon heterurus heterurns (Rafınesque-Schmaltz, 1810) Exocoetus Heterurus Rafınesque-Schmaltz, 1810a: 58 (Sicily/Italy; neotype: SMNS 16404, as designated below). RAFINESQUE-SCHMALTZ (1810a: 58) described his Exocoetus heterurus as follows: “Ale pettorali giundendo quası allo coda e con 10 raggi, l’ado minali situate pıiu vicino della coda che del capo, ma non giungendo fino ad essa, lobo inferiore della coda pıu lungo, ala dorsale con 14 raggi, l’anale con 10 - ...” This brief original description in incomplete and partly erroneous (dorsal rays in C. heterurus 10-13, anal rays 9, pectoral rays 15-18). No type material could be FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 35 found (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 727; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of PARIN in WHITEHEAD et aliı, 1986: 614), I hereby desig- nate the following specimen as the neotype of Exocoetus heterurus Rafinesque- Schmaltz, 1810: Neotype: SMNS 16404, 291.5 mm SL, 345.1+ mm TL - Lebanon: Beirut/Bayrut, 33°53’N 35°30’E - Universität Heidelberg - 1970. Belonidae Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1758) Esox Belone Linnaeus, 1761: 126 (in oceano Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 20453, as designated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology as the type species of Belone Cuvier, 1816). LinnaAeus (1761: 126) described his Esox Belone as follows: Esox Belone rostro utraque maxilla subulato. Esox rostro cuspidato gracili subtereti spithama- lı. Art. gen. 14. syn. 27. Fn. 305. Rond. pisc. 227. Acus prima species. Salv. pisc. 68. Acus piscis. Gesn. pisc. 9. Acus prima species. Aldır. ıchth. 106. Acus vulgaris s. oppianı. Charl. onom. 136. Acus. Schonef. ichth. 11. Acus prima species. Will. ichth. Acus vulgarıs s. oppıanı. Ray. pisc. 109. Acus vulgaris s. oppianı. Suecıs Nabbgjadda. Bahusiensibus Horngiall. Habitat in marı Occidentali frequens. ...” The description of ıs based on earlier sources, including RONDELETIUS (1554: 227-229, fıg., “De Acus prima specie”), GESNER (1563: XLVIII-XLIX, fig. as Acus prima species), and ALDROVANDUS (1613: 106-108, fig., “De Acv vvlgarı sive Oppia- nı”), who inaccurately described and figured a fish which may belong to this species. No type material could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 211; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of COLLETTE & PARIN in WHITEHEAD etalii, 1986: 605-606), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype ot Esox belone Linnaeus, 1761: Neotype: SMNS 20453, 564.3 mm SL, 626.2 mm TL - Germany: Ems River, at Dit- zum, 10km SE of Emden, Niedersachsen, 53°18’N 7°16’E — BRUNKEN, H. — junes992 Scomberesocidae Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum, 1792) Esox Saurus Walbaum, 1792: 93 (Cornwall and British seas; neotype: SMNS 464, as designat- ed below). WALBAUM (1792: 93) described his Esox saurus as follows: “Esox, Saurus, rostro subalato, pinnulis spuriis versus caudam. The Saury Pike. Pennant. br. zool. III. 325. (...) Habitat in marı Britannico. Skipper Cornubiensium. Rajı syn. p. 109 & 165.” 36 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 This description is mainly based on Rajus (1713: 109, 165), but there are other historical sources like RONDELETIUS (1554: 232, fig., “De Sauro”) which were used by Linnaeus, which well characterize the species, describing the shape of the body and the finlets on the caudal peducle, however inaccurately illustrating the species. No type material could be detected (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 1509; own research). In or- der to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of PARIN in WHITEHEAD etalii, 1986: 611; Fricke, 1987: 80), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Esox saurus Walbaum, 1792: Neotype: SMNS 464, 311.0mm SL, 336.5 mm TL - Italy: Messina, Sıcilia/Sicily, 38°11’N 15°33’E - KÖLLIKER, Museum Würzburg - Jan. 1855. Caproidae Capros aper (Linnaeus, 1758) Zeus aper Linnaeus, 1758: 267 (Rome and Genoa, Italy; neotype: SMNS 2204, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 267) described his Zeus aper as follows: “Z(eus) cauda aequali, corpore rubente. Art. gen. 50. syn. 78. Zeus cauda aequalı totus rubens, rostro reflexo. D.9,23. P.14. V.1/5. A.3/26. C.- Habitat Romae, Genuae.” This description is accurate, however missing several important characters to dis- tinguish the species. The description is based on ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738), wo re- fers to historical sources. The species was inaccurately figured in RONDELETIUS (1554: 161) and GEsSNER (1563: XXXV]). In the Mediterranean, there is not much with which it could be confused. No type specimens could be detected in collections (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 117; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of QUERO in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 778-779; FRICKE, 1987: 82), I hereby designate the following specimen (originating from Naples, which is considered close enough to Rome and Genoa which were stated as type localıties by LINNAEUS ) as the neotype of Zeus aper Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 2204, 52.3 mm EL, 64.8 mm TL - Italy: Napolı/Naples, 40°51’N 14°17’E - Zoological Station Naples - Jan. 1877. Macrorhamphosidae Macrohamphosus scolopax (Linnaeus, 1758) Balıstes scolopax Linnaeus, 1758: 329 (in Mari Mediterraneo/Mediterranean Sea; neotype: SMNS 12661, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 329) described hıs Balistes scolopax as follows: “B(alistes) pinna dorsali anteriore quinque-radiata, rostro longissimo maxilla inferiore oper- culato. Art. gen. 54. syn. 82. Balistes aculeis binis loco pinnarum ventralium, solitario infra anum. D.5,12. P.14. V. - A.18. C.- Habitat in Marı Mediterraneo.” This description is mostly accurate, except for a few errors (e.g. pectoral fın rays 14, but 16-17 in M. scolopax), but ıs lacking several characters which are important FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 37 for the ıdentification of the species. The description is based on earlier literature sources (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1554: 422-423, fig., “De Scolopace”). No type material could be detected in collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1526; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of ERICH ın WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 627; FRICKE, 1987: 86), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Balistes scolopax Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 12661, 86.9 mm SL, 97.0 mm TL - Italy, Liguria: Genova/Genoa, 44°25’N 8°57’E - PAGENSTECHER, H. A. - 1863. Syngnathidae Entelurus aequoreus (Linnaeus, 1758) Syngnathus aequoreus Linnaeus, 1758: 337 (in pelago/open sea; neotype: SMNS 11563, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 337) described his Syngnathus aequoreus as follows: “S(yngnathus) pinna caudae radiata, pectoralibus anique nullis, corpore angulato. D.30. P.O. 20) a0, GBI: Habitat in Pelago.” This description is accurate, except for one error (dorsal fın rays 30, but 37-47 ın Entelurus aeguoreus), but is lacking several characters which are important to distin- guish the species (e.g. number of body and caudal rings; shape and length of the snout; position of the dorsal fin in relation to the anus). No type material could be detected in collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 45; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of WHEEL- ER in HUREAU & Monop, 1973: 278; Dawson in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 629; FRICKE, 1987: 89), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Syn- gnathus aequoreus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 11563, 340 mm TL - France, Bretagne: Roscoff, 4)km NE Brest, 48°43’N 3°59’W — STRUBELT, T. — 3 Dec. 1990. Nerophis ophidion (Linnaeus, 1758) Syngnathus Ophidion Linnaeus, 1758: 337 (in Europa/Europe; syntype: BMNH 1853.11.12: 185, 1 skın). Syngnathus barbarus Linnaeus, 1758: 337 (in Pelago/in the ocean; neotype: SMNS 20599, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 337) described his Syngnathus barbarus as follows: “S. pinnis caudae anıque nullis, corpore sexangulato. D.43. P.22. V.O. A.0. C.O. Habitat in Pelago.” This species was barely diagnozed; however, the combination of 43 dorsal fin rays and lacking caudal fın refer to Nerophis ophidion. The only discrepancy is the pres- ence of a pectoral fin with 22 rays, which is lacking in N. ophidion. No type materi- al of $S. barbarus was found (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 194). In order to stabilize the present usage of European syngnathid nomenclature, with $. barbarus as asynonym of Ner- ophis ophidion, I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Syngna- thus barbarus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20599, 246.2mm TL - Germany: Kiel/Schleswig-Holstein, 54°20’N 10°08’E - ZIETZ - Apr. 1879. 38 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Triglidae Trigloporus lastoviza (Bonnaterre, 1788) Trigla lastoviza Bonnaterre, 1788: 147 (Marseilles, France; on Lastoviza of BRÜNNICH, 1768; neotype: SMNS 729, as designated below). BONNATERRE (1788: 147) briefly described his Trigla lastoviza, refering to BrÜnnIcH (1768: 99). The description, however, is not sufficient to distinguish the species. No type material of this species could be found (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 871; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of HUREAU in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 1237-1238; FRICkE, 1987: 92), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Trigla lastoviza Bonnaterre, 1788: Neotype: SMNS 729, 118.5 mm SL, 136.6mm TL - France: Nizza/Nice, Departe- ment des Alpes-Maritimes, 43°42’N 7°15’E — ELSAESSER, VON — Nov. 1859. Cottidae Cottus gobio (Linnaeus, 1758) Cottus Gobio Linnaeus, 1758: 265 (in Europae fluviis/European rivers; neotype: SMNS 20600, as designated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology as the type species of Cottus Linnaeus, 1758). Linnaeus (1758: 256) described his Cottus gobio as follows: “C. laevis, capite spinis duabus. (...) Habitat in Europae fluvnis. (...)” This description ıs clearly of a composite origin; LINNAEUS (1758) refered to ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1738), LINNAEUS (1746) and GronovIus (1754a) whose de- scriptions were based on varıous historical sources (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1555: 202-203, fig., “De Cotto”; GESNER, 1563: CLXII-CLXII, fig., as Cottus sine Gobio fluviatılis capitanus; LiNNAEUS, 1746: 104, Cottus alepidotus glaber ..., refering to descriptions from RONDELETIUS, 1555 to Raus, 1713); probably based on several subspecies or even species (Cottus gobio, C. poecılopus). It is impossible to restrict the original type localıty. Linnarus’s description contains Swedish and European continental components; ARTEDT’s in LINNAEUS (1738) description was based on several pre-Linnean sources from all over Europe (France, Germany). No type ma- terial could be detected in collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 655; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (BRUN- KEN & FRICKE, 1985: 56; FEDOROV in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1986: 1247-1248; KoTTE- LAT, 1997: 169), I hereby designate the following specimen from a trıbutary of River Rhine as the neotype of Cottus gobio Linnaeus, 1758, which comes close to some of the sources of the description of LINNAEUS ( 1758): Neotype: SMNS 20600, 105.3 mm SL, 124.2 mm TL - Germany: Eyach Stream, ın Balingen, Baden-Württemberg, 48°16’N 8°51’E, 1.5m depth - WoLFRAMm, D. SSEIUEN, R. 1 Aug. 1998. Regalecidae Regalecus glesne (Ascanıus, 1772) Regalecus glesne Ascanius, 1772: 5, p. 11 (Glesvaer, pres de Bergen/Norway; lectotype: illus- tration by Ascanıus, 1772, pl. 11, as designated below). FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 39 Ascanıus (1772: 5, pl. 11) briefly described but excellently illustrated his “Regale- cus glesne” (in colour). No type material could be detected (EscHMEYER, 1998: 653; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of PALMER in WHITEHEAD etalıi, 1986: 727-728; FRICKkE, 1987: 97-98), I hereby desig- nate the illustration by Ascanıus (1772: pl. 11) as the lectotype of Regalecus glesne Ascanıus, 1772. Serranidae Serranus cabrılla (Linnaeus, 1758) Perca cabrılla Linnaeus, 1758: 294 (localıty not stated; neotype: SMNS 15283, as designated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology as type species of Serra- nus Cuvıer, 1816). Linnaeus (1758: 294) described his Perca cabrılla as follows: “P(erca) pinnis dorsalibus unitis, cauda bifida, fasciis longitudinalibus 4 sanguineis. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2, p. .... D10/24. P.16. V.1/6. A.3/10. C.17. b. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2, p... Perca lituris flavis violaceisque variegata. D.10/24. P.14. V.6. A.3/10. C.16. Hlabrraee This description considerably differs from the present usage of the name Serranus cabrılla (dorsal fın rays 24, but 13-15 in $. cabrılla; anal rays 10, but 7-8 ın $. cabrıl- la; 4 longitudinal red stripes, but 2-3 blue stripes in S. cabrılla). Furthermore, sever- al characters important to distinguish the species are missing (shape of operculum; number of spines on operculum; presence of spines on head; presence or absence of scales on head and lower jaw). No type material could be detected ın collections con- tainıng Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 300; own research). In order to stabi- lize the present usage (e.g. TORTONESE in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 790; FRICKE, 1987: 99), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype ot Perca cabril- la Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 15283, 97.8 mm SL, 118.0 mm TL - France, Pyrenees Orientales: Banyuls-sur-Mer, 42°24’N 3°10’E — GRABERT, M. - 17 June 1994. Percidae Stizostedion Iucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) Perca Lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758: 289-290 (in Europae lacubus/European lakes; neotype: SMNS 20603, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758) described his Perca Incioperca as follows: “P. pinnis dorsalibus distinctis: secunda radiis 23. Fn. svec. 285. Art. gen. 39. syn. 62. spec. 76. Perca pallide maculosa, duobus dentibus maxillaribus utrinque majorıbus. D.14, 2/23. P.16. V.1/6. A.2/14. C.17. Habitat in Europae lacubus.” This is a composite description, as ARTEDTY’s in LINNAEUS (1738) description ıs a compilation of several earlier authors (e.g. GESNER, 1563: CLXXVIJ], fig., as Lucio perca; inadequately figured and described; LinnAeus, 1746: 106-107, Perca pinnis dorsalibus distinctis: secunda radus viginti trıbus ..., refering to sources from GES- NER, 1563 to Rajus, 1713 and ARTEDI in LiNNaEUSs, 1738). No type material was found in collections housing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 947; own re- 40 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 search). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BRUNKEN & FRICKE, 1985: 57), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Perca Iucioperca Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20603, 233.8 mm SL, 276.4 mm TL - Germany, Mecklenburg-Vor- pommern: Stettiner Haff, at Dargen, S sıde of Usedom Island, shore to 500 m south, 53°52’N 14°00’E — BRUNKEN, H. — 29 July 1998. Sparidae Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758) Sparus boops Linnaeus, 1758: 280 (Mediterranean Sea; neotype: SMNS 11188, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 280) described his Sparus boops as follows: “S(parus) lineis longitudinalibus obscuris; inferioribus quatuor aureis argenteisque. Art. gen. 36. syn. 61. Sparus lineis utrinque 4 aureis ac argenteis longitudinalibus parallelis. D.30. P.- V.- A.19. C.- Habitat in M. infero.” This description ıs incomplete and not sufficient to identify the species (not stat- ing the number of spines and rays in the dorsal and anal fins; shape of body and head; shape of teeth; etc.). No type material could be detected ın collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 251; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of TORTONESE in HUREAU & Mono, 1973: 407; BAUCHOT & HUREAU in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 884: FRICKE, 1987: 105), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Sparus boops Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 11188, 152.5 mm SL, 181,8 mm TL - Greece, southern Peloponnes: Elafonissos Island, 36°29’N 22°58’E - Kopaxos, A. — 28 Aug. 1990. Pagellus acarne (Rısso, 1827) Pagrus acarne Risso, 1827: 361 (Nice/France; neotype: SMNS 21186, as designated below). Rısso (1827: 361) briefly, but incompletely, described his Pagrus acarne. No type material could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 31; own research). In order to stabi- lize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BAUCHOT & HUREAU in WHITE- HEAD et alıı, 1986: 898-899; FRICKE, 1987: 106), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Pagrus acarne Risso, 1827: Neotype: SMNS 21186, 129.5mm SL, 158.3mm TL - Italy: Genova/Genoa, 44°25’N 8°57’E - FRICKE, R. - 8 Oct. 1979. Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Sparus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758: 279 (Mediterranean Sea; America; neotype: SMNS 979, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 279) described his Sparus erythrinus as follows: “S(parus) cauda subintegra, corpore rubro. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2.p. ... D.12/22. P.16. V.6. A.7/13. C.18. Loest. epıst. msc. D11/24. P.17. V.6. A.3/12. C.17. Art. gen. 36. syn. 59. Sparus totus rubens, iride argentea. Habitat in M. Mediterraneo, Americano.” FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 41 This description is incomplete, and containing a number of errors (dorsal fin spines 11 in Loest. epist., but 12 in Pagellus erythrinus; rays 22-24, but 10-11 ın P. erythrinus; anal spines 7 in Mus. Ad. Fr., but 3 in P erythrinus; anal rays 12-13, but 8-9 in P erythrinus). It ıs of acomposite origin, based on European and American material, while ? erythrinus ıs restricted to the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterra- nean. The historical sources include RONDELETIUS (1554: 144-146, fig., “De Ery- thrino”). No type material could be detected ın collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 541; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BAUCHOT & Hureau in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 901; FRICkE, 1987: 105), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Sparus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 979, 120.1mm SL, 148.8mm TL - Italy, Trieste/Triest, 45°40’N 13°46°’E — KLUNZINGER, C. B. — Dec. 1862. Spondyliosoma cantharns (Linnaeus, 1758) Sparus cantharus Linnaeus, 1758: 280 (Mediterranean Sea; neotype: SMNS 20564, as designat- ed below). Linnaeus (1758: 280) described his Sparus cantharns as follows: “S(parus) cauda immaculata, corpore lineis longitudinalibus luteis. Art. gen. 36. syn. 58. Sparus lineis utrinque luteis longitudinalibus parallelis, iride argentea. Habitat in M. infero.” This description is incomplete and not useful to characterize the species, which may have been confused with Boops boops or Sarpa salpa. No type material could be detected ın collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 320; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage (e.g. BAUCHOT & HUREAU in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1986: 907; FRICkE, 1987: 107), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Sparus cantharns Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20564, 87.7 mm SL, 108.5 mm TL - Greece: Varkısa, 36km SE Piraievs, 37°43’12”N 23°55’32”E — Tsıomos, V. —- 21 Dec. 1990. Mullidae Mullus surmuletus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758: 300 (Mediterranean Sea; Cornwall, England; neotype: SMNS 12479, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 300) described his Mullus surmuletus as follows: “M(ullus) cirris geminis, lineis luteis longitudinalibus. Art. gen. 43. syn. 71. Trigla capite glabro, lineis utrinque 4 luteis longitudinalibus. Habitat in M. Mediterraneo et ad Cornubiam.” The description apparently refers to M. surmuletus (present usage, 4 yellow stripes), but is insufficient to characterize the species properly and distinguish it from M. barbatus or other mullid species, as it is missing many important characters. The description is based on historical sources (e.g. ALDROVANDUS, 1613: 123, fig., Mullus maior ex Hispania missus/Spain). No type material could be detected in col- lections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1635; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage (e.g. HUREAU in HUREU & Monop, 1973: 402; 42 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 HUREAU in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1986: 879; FRICKE, 1987: 108), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 12479, 105.7 mm SL, 128.0 mm TL - Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Ba- leares Islands: 100m south of Cap Alt, 300m S of Punta Rossa/Punta Rasa, 6.5 km SSW San Francisco Javier, 38°41’28”N 1°23’E, 10-12 m depth - Fricke, R. -5 Oct. 1991. Musgilidae Chelon labrosus (Rısso, 1827) Mugil labrosus Rısso, 1827: 389 (Nice, France; neotype: SMNS 2208, as designated below). Rısso (1827: 389) briefly, and incompletely, described his Mugıl labrosus. No type material could be detected (EsSCHMEYER, 1998: 856; own research). In order to stabi- lize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BEn-TUvIA in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 1198-1199; FRICKE, 1987: 110), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Mugıl labrosus Rısso, 1827: Neotype: SMNS 2208, 200.7 mm SL, 249.5 mm TL - Italy: Napolı/Naples, 40°51’N 14°17’E - Zoological Station Naples - Jan. 1877. Liza aurata (Rısso, 1810) Mugıl Auratus Rısso, 1810: 344 (Nice, France; neotype; SMNS 20576, as designated below). Rısso (1810: 344) described his Mugıl auratus as follows: “2.M. Dore. N. M. Auratus. N. (Mugou daurin.) M. Corpore caeruleo, fusco argenteoque variegato; operculis aureo guttatıs. (...)” The description also includes some colour notes, plus a few informations on fin ray counts. Important characters, like the presence or absence of adipose tissue cov- ering the eye, the shape and width of the upper jaw, the presence and size of the ax- illary scale on the pectoral fin base, visibility of the end of the maxillary, number of predorsal scales, shape and number of pyloric caeca, position of the tip of the pecto- ral fin in relation to the dorsal fın origin, etc., are not described. The golden colour- ation of Mugıl Auratns suggests that Rısso meaned the same species that was called Mugil auratus by later authors. No type material was found (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 167; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BEN-TuvIa in WHITEHEAD etalii, 1986: 1199; FRICKE, 1987: 110), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Mugil auratus Risso, 1810: Neotype: SMNS 20576, 267.5 mm SL, 321.2 mm TL - Italy: Genova/Genoa, Ligu- rıa, 44°25’N 8°57’E - 1819. Liza ramado (Rısso, 1810) Mugil Cephalus var. ramado Risso, 1810: 344 (Nice, France; neotype: SMNS 259, as designat- ed below). Rısso (1810: 344) described his Mugil cephalus var. ramado as follows: “A. Je place, comme une variete de cette espece, un muge connu sous le nom de ramado. I] dif- fere du precedent par son museau un peu plus aıgu, par les opercules arrondis, par des taches noires dont la base des nageoires pectorales sont marqu£es, par le gout de sa chair qui est inferieure ä celle du c&phale, et par son poids qui approche ä peine trois kilo- grammes.” FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 43 This original description does not properly characterize the species. The only in- dication of the specific identity if the weight of 3 kilogrammes, because Liza rama- do ıs the second largest species (with 70cm TL) following Mugil cephalus with 120cm TL; other Mediterranean mullets, however, reach a maximum of 60cm (Chelon labrosus). No type material could be detected (EscHMEYER, 1998: 1423; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of BEn-TU- VIA ın WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 1200-1201, as L. ramada; Fricke, 1987: 110, as L. ra- mada), the following specimen is designated as the neotype of Mugil ramado Risso, 1810: Neotype: SMNS 259, 192.3 mm SL, 237.4 TL - Egypt: Nile River, at Cairo, 30°03’N 31°15’E - GRIESINGER - July 1852. Labridae Acantholabrus pallonı (Rısso, 1810) Lutjanus palloni Rısso, 1810: 263-264 (Nice, France; neotype: SMNS 11788, as designated be- low). Rısso (1810: 263-264) described his Zutjanus palloni as follows: “L. corpore rosaceo immaculato; maxilla superiore dentibus majoribus; pinna ani spinis quinque. Plusieurs rapports de conformation semblent unir cette nouvelle espece au trimaculatus et ä l’exoletus de Linn&, mais ıl en differe par differents caracteres. Son corps est oblong, apla- ti, d’un rose päle, varı€ par quelques Ecailles dorees; la gorge et le ventre sont d’un blanc mat. Son museau est allonge£, les levres peu Epaisses; les mächoires Egales, garnies de dents crochues, dont les anterieures du dessus plus longues. La langue est libre et lisse, les yeux argentes, ornes par-dessus d’une lunule noire. La nuque est couverte de petits pores. Les opercules composes de deux pieces; la premiere, dentelee par de longues £pines; la se- conde, lisse et arrondie. La ligne laterale est jaune; courbe & son origine et vers la queue. La nageoire dorsale, d’un vert jaunätre, varı&e d’obscur, contient vingt rayons aiguil- lonnes, Ecailleux a leur base, et huit articules; l’anale blanche, cinq aigus, huit ramifies; les thoracines roses, un Epineus, cinq lisses; les pectorales jaunätres, quatorze chaque; la cau- dale arrondie, quatorze; elle est marqu£e ä la base de sa partie dorsale d’une grande tache noire; et la membrane branchiale a sıx rayons. La longueur de ce lutjan est de deux decimetres sur soixante-dix millimetres de largueur; je l’aı pris dans moıs d’aoüt dans le mer d’Eza.” The colouration is well characterized; the description, however, misses important characters distinguishing the genus and species (e.g. anal fin spine and ray counts, other fın ray counts, lateral line counts). No type material could be detected in col- lections (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1274; own research). In order to stabilize the present us- age of the name (in the sense of QUIGNARD & PrRas in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1986: 920-921; FRICkE, 1987: 112), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neo- type of Lutjanus palloni Risso, 1810: Neotype: SMNS 11788, 219.9 mm SL, 256.3mm TL - Spain, Canary Islands: off Punta de El Cabrito, 6km SW San Sebastian de la Gomera, Gomera Island, 28°02’05”N 17°10’07”W, 100-120 m depth - FRickE, R. - 21 Jan. 1991. Centrolabrus exoletus (Linnaeus, 1758) Labrus exoletus Linnaeus, 1758: 287 (Atlantic Ocean; neotype: SMNS 3081, as designated be- low). 44 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Linnaeus (1758: 287) described his Labrus exoletus as follows: “L(abrus) pinna dorsi ramentacea, corpore lineis caeruleis, pinna anı spinis 5. D.19/25. P.13. V.1/628.5733€.13: Habitat in Oceano Atlantico.” This description is erroneous in several respects (dorsal rays 25, but 5-7 in Cen- trolabrus exoletus; anal rays 13, but 6-8 in C. exoletus). No type material could be detected in collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 555; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage (e.g. QUIGNARD & PRAS in WHITE- HEAD et alıı, 1986: 922-923; FRICKE, 1987: 112), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Labrus exoletus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 3081, 116.0Omm SL, 140.0mm TL - Norway: Christianiafjord/ Oslofjord, near Oslo, 59°50’N 10°45’E - SCHMELTZ, Museum Godeffroy - Oct. 1881. Labrus bergylta Ascanıus, 1767 Labrus, Bergylta Ascanıus, 1767: 3, pl. 1 (Lindersnes/Norway; lectotype: illustration by As- CANIUS, 1767, pl. 1, as designated below). Ascantus (1767: 3, pl. 1) briefly described but excellently illustrated his “Labrus, Bergylta” (in colour). No type material could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 215; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of QUIGNARD & PRAS in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 926-927; FRICKE, 1987: 106), I here- by designate the illustration by Ascanıus (1767: pl. 1) as the lectotype of Labrus bergylta Ascanıus, 1767. Labrus bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Labrus bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758: 285 (in marı Mediterraneo/Mediterranean Sea). Case 2905 (FRICKE & FERRARIS, 1996) is pending before the International Com- mission on Zoological Nomenclature to select neotypes so that Zabrus bimaculatus Linnaeus, 1758 would be a labrıd (SMNS 16250) and /. punctatus Linnaeus, 1758 would be a cichlid (CAS-SU 53337). Trachinidae Echüchthys vipera (Cuvier, 1829) Trachinus vipera Cuvier, 1829: 152 (N. England; neotype: SMNS 12051, as designated below). CuvIEr (1829) described his Trachinus vipera as follows: “Nous en avons une espece plus petite, le Boideroc de la Manche (Trachinus vipera, Nob.); Otterpike des Anglais, Penn., 28, Bl., 61 (sous le nom Vive commune) plus päle, ä flancs lisses, a vingt-quatre rayons ä la deuxieme dorsale. Elle est encore plus redoutee que la commune, parce qu’£tant plus petite, on est plus souvent expose ä en etre pique.” Neither this description nor the reference to the description of PENNANT is suffi- cıent to distinguish the species. No type material could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1763; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of TORTONESE in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 951-952; FRICkE, 1987: 114), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Trachinus vipera Cuvier, 1829: FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 45 Neotype: SMNS 12051, 66.4 mm SL, 79.9 mm TL - Great Britain: River Medway, at Kingsnorth Power Station, 10km ENE Rochester, Kent, England, 51°25’30”N 0°36’30”E —- FRICKE, R. -4 May 1984. The authorship of the original description ıs probably CuVIER & VALENCIENNES in CUVIER, indicated by the expression “nous” and “Nob.”. Blenniidae Lipophrys pholis (Linnaeus, 1758) Blennius pholis Linnaeus, 1758: 257 (Ocean/Atlantic Ocean; Mediterranean Sea; neotype: SMNS 13033, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 257) described his Blennius pholıs as follows: “B(lennius) capite laevı, linea laterali curva subbifida. D.12/28. P.14. V.2. A.19. C.10. Art. gen. 27. syn. 44. (et Pholis) 116. Blennius capite, summo acuminato, maxilla superiore longiore. D.36. P.- V.2. A.28. C.- Gron. mus. 2. n. 175. ıdem. B.6. D.12/32. P.13. V.2. A.19. C.10. Habitat in Oceano et Marı Mediterraneo.” This is a composite description based on several sources. While ARTEDT’s ın Lin- NAEUS (1738) description is partly based on Rajus (1713: 165, pl. 2, fig. 10, Cata- phractus laevis Cornubiensis, Smooth Shan, Cornwall, England), which ıs most probably the same as the Lipophrys pholis of present usage, the Mediterranean records (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1554: 206, fig., “De Pholide”) are clearly based on the Lipophrys trıigloides of present usage. No type material of Blennius pholis could be detected ın institutions containing Linnean materials (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1333; own research). As the present usage (ZANDER in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 1104-1105; BATH, 1996: 91) is threatened by the composite nature of LINNAEUS’s (1758) descrip- tion, I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Blennins pholıs Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 13033, 102.4mm SL, 120.0 mm TL - Great Britain, Wales: Rhos- neigr, Anglesey Island, 53°14’N 4°31’W — WIRTZ, P. - 5 Oct. 1972. Stichaeidae Chirolophis ascanıı (Walbaum, 1792) Blennius gattorugine. Var. Blennins Ascanıı Walbaum, 1792: 173-174 (circa Norwegiam/ around Norway; neotype: SMNS 3079, as designated below). WALBAUM (1792: 173-174) described his Blennius ascanii as follows: “Blennius, Ascanız, corniculis quatuor dentatis supra caput, & duobus in pinnae dorsalis in- ıtıio. W(albaum). Brosme toupee on Galerite Ascanıı icon. tab. 19. Br. 6. D.56/56. P.13. V.2. A.38. C.15. (...) Capitur raro circa Norwegiam.” This species was well described by WALBAUM (1792); however, the characters giv- en ın the original description are not sufficient for species identification. No type material could be detected (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 144; own research). In order to stabı- lize the present usage of the name (in the sense of MAKUSHOK in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 1122-1123; FRICkE, 1987: 116), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Blennins ascanıı Walbaum, 1792: 46 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Neotype: SMNS 3079, 120.2mm SL, 136.3mm TL (caudal fin separate) — Great Britain, England: Bristish coast - SCHMELTZ, Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg - Oct. 1881. Lumpenus lumpretaeformis (Walbaum, 1792) Blennius lumpretae-formis Walbaum, 1792: 184 (Iceland; types not known). The taxonomic identity of this species will be discussed in a forthcoming paper by FRICKE & WOLFRAM (in litt.) on the marine fish fauna of Greenland. Anarhichadidae Anarhichas denticulatus (Kroyer, 1845) Anarhichas denticulatus Kroyer, 1845: 140 (Greenland; types not known). The taxonomic identity of this species will be discussed in a forthcoming paper by FRICKE & WOLFRAM (In litt.) on the marine fish fauna of Greenland. Ammodytidae Ammodytes marinus (Raitt, 1934) Ammodytes marınus Raıtt, 1934: 368-370 (Scotland; neotype: SMNS 15751, as designated be- low). Ammodytes marinus was brıefly distinguished from A. tobianus by RaıTT (1934: 368-370) on the basis of fin ray and vertebrate numbers. No type material was found (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1023; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of REAy in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 946-947; FRICKE, 1987: 120), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Ammodytes marınus Raitt, 1934: Neotype: SMNS 15751, 101.1mm SL, 111.7 mm TL - France: Morgat, Bretagne, 48°14’N 4°29E — HALLERMANN, J. — 15 Nov. 1989. Gymnammodytes semisgquamatus (Jourdain, 1879) Ammodytes semisguamatus Jourdain, 1879: 208-209, pl. 2, fıgs. 8, 13, 16, 18 (St Malo, France; lectotype: illustration by JourDaın, 1879, pl. 2, figs 8, 13, 16, 18, as designated below). Journaın (1879) thoroughly described his Ammodytes semisguamatus, which was mainly characterized by the structure of the lateral line with short additional branches. The types could not be found in the MNHN or other collections (EscH- MEYER, 1998: 1538; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of REAY in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1986: 948-949; FRICKE, 1987: 120), I hereby designate the original illustration by JourDaın (1879: pl. 2, fıgs 8, 13, 16, 18) as the lectotype of Ammodytes semisguamatus Jourdain, 1879. FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 47 Callionymidae Callionymus maculatus Rafınesque-Schmaltz, 1810 Callyonimus Maculatus Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810a: 25, pl. 5, fig. 1 (Sicily/Italy: neotype: SMNS 21188, as designated below). RAFINESQUE-SCHMALTZ (1810a: 25) described his Callyonimus maculatus as follows: “Traggi della prıma ala dorsale molto piu corti del corpo, l’apertura della bocca grande, una spina quadrifida sopra ognı operculo, due linee lateralı e due ordini longitudinali di mac- chie bianche da ogni late del corpo, ıl quale € olivastro. - ...” The illustration in RAFINESQUE-SCHMALTZ (1810a: pl. 5) seems to refer to the spe- cies we know today as Callionymus maculatus; however, there are a number of er- rors ın the illustration, including five spines ın the first dorsal fin, 11 second dorsal fin rays, and a very long upper jaw. The description is sketchy, and insufficient to distinguish the species. No type material could be found (EscHMEYER, 1998: 990; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the species name (in the sense of FRICKE in WHITEHEAD et aliı, 1986: 1089-1090; FRIckE, 1987: 124-125), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Callyonimus maculatus Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810: Neotype: SMNS 21188, 60.8 mm SL, 74.6 mm TL - Italy: Santa Margherita Ligure, east of Genova/Genoa, 44°20’N 9°12’E - FRICKE, R. - 15 Oct. 1979. Gobiidae Crystallogobins linearis (Düben, 1845) Gobius linarıs Düben, 1845: 111 (Bergen, Norway; neotype: SMNS 9220, as designated be- low). Düsen (1845: 111) briefly diagnozed his Gobins linarıs as having 2 rays ın the fırst and 20 in the second dorsal fin, etc. Though this is characteristic, the original de- scription is missing a number of characters which are important to distinguish the species (other fin ray counts; head pores; scalation). No type material of this species was found (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 909; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of MILLER in WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 1031; FRICkE, 1987: 129), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Gobius line- arıs Düben, 1845: Neotype: SMNS 9220, 48.4 mm SL, 56.IJmm TL - Great Britain: Thames River, at West Thurrock Power Station, ca. 2km E of Dartford Tunnel, north shore of Thames, Essex, England, 51°28’N 0°17’E, marine water at high tide in mouth of Thames — FRICKE, R. — 26 May 1989. Gobiusculus flavescens (Fabricius, 1779) Gobins flanescens Fabrıcius, 1779: 322 (Norway; neotype: SMNS 21189, as designated below). Fasrıcıus (1779: 322) briefly, but imcompletely, described this species: “Gobins flauescens (means flavescens) flauescens macula caudali nigra, corpus paruum, caput obtusum oculis magnıs approximatis coerulescentibus. Maxilla inferior obtusa longiıor. Corpus totum flauescens macula caudalı vtrinque atra. Pınna D.7.12. V.10. P.21. A.11. C.14.” 48 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 No type material could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 588; own research). In or- der to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of MILLER in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 1046-1047; FRICKE, 1987: 129), I hereby designate the following speci- men as the neotype of Gobius flavescens Fabricius, 1779: Neotype: SMNS 21189, 23.6 mm SL, 28.8 mm TL - Denmark: Gjerrild Bight, Sang- strup Cliff, 7/km N Grenä, 45km N Ärhus, 56°28°53”N 10°53’59”E, 0.2-0.6m depth, rocky (chalk) bottom, sand, algae, seagrass, at low tide — FRICKE, R. — 20 Aug. 1997. Pomatoschistus minutus minutus (Gronovius ın Pallas, 1770) Gobius minutus Gronovius ın Pallas, 1770: 4 (Belgian Sea; neotype: SMNS 21190, as designat- ed below). Parras (1770: 4) described his Gobins minutus as follows: .a G. minuto mariıs Belgicı, a GRoNovIus (Zoophyt. Fasc. 1.p. 81) pro Aphya describit, ni fallor, diversissimus; . Both this quotation, and the description by GRONoVIUs, are insufficient and may have been based on any of the four species of North Sea Pomatoschistus (P. lozanoı, P. microps, P.minutus, P. norvegicus). No type material could be detected (EscHMEY- ER, 1998: 1101; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of MILLER in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1986: 1074; FRICkE, 1987: 132), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Gobius minutus Gronovius in Pallas, 1770: Neotype: SMNS 21190, 58.5 mm SL, 68.2 mm TL - Great Britain: River Medway, at Kingsnorth Power Station, 10km ENE Rochester, England, 51°25°30”N 0°36°30’E - FRICKE, R. - 22 Feb. 1984. Scombridae Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) Scomber sarda Bloch, 1793: 44-48, pl. 334 (Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean; lectotype: illustration by BLocH, 1793, pl. 334, as designated below). This species was well described and illustrated by BLocH (1793). No type materi- al could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 1507; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of COLLETTE in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1986: 989-990; FRICKE, 1987: 137), I hereby designate the illustration in BLocH (1793: pl. 334) as the lectotype of Scomber sarda Bloch, 1793. Scomber colias (Gmelın, 1789) Scomber Colias Gmelin, 1789: 1329 (Sardinia, Mediterranean Sea; neotype: SMNS 21191, as designated below). GMELIN (1789: 1329) described hıs Scomber cohas as follows: “Sc. laete viridis et azureus. Cetti pesc. e anf. dı Sard. p. 196. Kolias. Aristot. anıim. hist. V.9. VII. 13. IX. 2. Athenaeus Deipnos. III. 118. 120. VII. 321. Colias. Aldr. pisc. p. 274. Gesn. aq. p. 256. Will. ichth. p. 182. Lacertus. Klein miss. pisc. 5. p. 122. Habitat ad Sardiniam, scombro similis, at minor; an junior pisces?” FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 49 This species was inadequately described and ıllustrated by RONDELETTUS (1554: 235-237, fıg., “De Colia”) and subsequent authors. The species is of acomposite or- igin, probably based on both Mediterranean species of Scomber. No type material was found (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 394: own research). BRUCE COLLETTE (personal com- munication, 1997) is revising this group; he considers the possibility that the north- eastern Atlantic form described as Scomber colias may be a valid species [otherwise named Scomber japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782) by authors]. I therefore tentatively treat the name Scomber colias as a valid species name. In order to stabilize the present usage of the name of the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean form, I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789: Neotype: SMNS 21191, 189.2 mm SL, 203.7 mm TL - Spain, Canary Islands: Playa Blanca port, SE side of Lanzarote Island, inner (port) side of outer harbour jet- ty, 28°51’30”N 13°50’50”W, 0-2.5 m depth - FRIckE, R. - 15 May 1990. Thunnus thynnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) Scomber thynnus Linnaeus, 1758: 297-298 (pelagic, between the tropics; neotype: SMNS 3251, as designated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology as the type of the genus Thunnus South, 1845). Linnaeus (1758: 297-298) described his Scomber thynnus as follows: “S(comber) pinnulis utrinque VIN. Osbeck iter. 69. Scomber albicans s. Albecor. D.14,12. P.32. V.6. A.13. C.30. (...) Habitat in Tropicos, in Pelago. Sociorum Garum pretiosa piscıum Sanies ex intestinis piscıum salıtis.” This is a composite description which is based on several species of scombrids from all tropical oceans, and several historical sources (e.g. GESNER, 1563: LVIII-LIX, fig., as Thinnus, Thunni imago Venetiüs missa). Thunnus thynnus (present usage, see below) is restricted to the Atlantic and North Pacific. No type specimens could be detected in collections containing Linnean material (ESCHMEY- ER, 1998: 1676; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage as Thunnus thynnus thynnus (e.g. POSTEL in HUREAU & Monop, 1973: 467: COLLETTE in WHITEHEAD et alii, 1986: 997; Fricke, 1987: 136-137), I hereby designate the fol- lowing specimen as the neotype of Scomber thynnus Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 3251, 212.2 mm SL, 239.0 mm TL - Italy: Napolı/Naples, 40°51’N 14°17’E - Zoological Station Naples - Dec. 1884. Thunnus thynnus thynnus ıs the Atlantic subspecies, while 7: t. orientalıs ıs dis- tributed in the North Pacific (according to COLLETTE in WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 997). Xiphiidae Xiphias gladins Linnaeus, 1758 Xıphias gladins Linnaeus, 1758: 248 (in oceano Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 2205, as designated below; name on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology as the type of the genus Xıphias Linnaeus, 1758). LinnaEus (1758: 248) described his Xzphias gladins as follows: “Xiphias. Caput maxilla superiore terminatum rostro ensiformi; Os edentulum. Xiphias. Art. gen. 30. syn. 47. D.41. P.17. V.0, A. 15. C.- 50 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 Habitat in Oceano Europae. Schelhameri Anatome Xıphu piscıs.’ 3 This description refers to a young specimen of Xiphias gladins. It is mostly cor- rect, but important characters are omitted (spines ın dorsal and anal fins; caudal pe- duncle keel; shape of caudal fin; number of dorsal and anal spines and rays in adults; shape of dorsal fin; colouration). The species was inadequately described and illus- trated by pre-Linnean authors (e.g. RONDELETIUS, 1554: 251-252, fıg., “De Xiphia”; GESNER, 1563: LX-LXI, fıgs, as Xzphias gladins), which form the basis for ARTEDI in LINNAEUS (1731), and thus for LinnAaEus (1758). No type material could be de- tected in collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 652; own re- search). In order to stabilize the present usage (e.g. NAKAMURA ın WHITEHEAD et alıi, 1986: 1006-1007; FRICkE, 1987: 138), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Xiphias gladıns Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 2205, 548.5 mm SL, 648.4 mm TL - Italy: Napoli/Naples, 40°51’N 14°17’E - Zoological Station Naples — Jan. 1877. Pleuronectidae Hippoglossoides platessoides limandoides (Bloch, 1787) Pleuronectes limandoides Bloch, 1787: 24, pl. 186 (Hamburg, Germany; North Sea, Heilige- land/Helgoland; lectotype: BLocH, 1787, pl. 186, as designated below). This taxon was well described and illustrated by BLocH (1787: 24, pl. 186). In or- der to stabilize the present usage of the name (as a subspecies of Hıppoglossordes pla- tessoides, in the sense of NIELSEN ın WHITEHEAD et alıı, 1986: 1300-1301), I hereby designate the illustration by BLocH (1787: pl. 186) as the lectotype of Pleuronectes limandoides Bloch, 1787. Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758) Pleuronectes limanda Linnaeus, 1758: 270 (in M. Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 20565, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 270) described his Pleuronectes limanda as follows: “P(leuronectes) oculis dextris, squamis asperis, spina ad anum, dentibus obtusıs. Art. gen. 17. syn. 33. D.79. P.12. V.6. A.60. C.- Habitat in M. Europaeo.” This description is accurate; however, it is missing characters important for the ıdentification of the species (lateral line shape; shape of scales at dorsal and anal fın base; sıze of jaws; body shape; colouration). No type material could be detected ın collections containing Linnean specimens (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 906; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of NIELSEN in WHITE- HEAD et alii, 1986: 1302-1303; FRICkE, 1987: 144), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Pleuronectes limanda Linnaeus, 1758: Neotype: SMNS 20565, 213.2mm SL, 248.6mm TL - Denmark: 180km NE Es- bjerg, 57°05’04”N 7°14°04”E - R/V “Friedrich Heincke” — 28 Mar. 1998. FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 51 Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792) Pleuronectes Kıtt Walbaum, 1792: 120 (British seas; neotype: SMNS 9646, as designated be- low). WALBAUM (1792: 120) described hıs Pleuronectes kıtt as follows: “Pleuronectes, Kıtt sive Rhombus laevis Cornubiensis, maculis nigris Rajı syn. piscinm. p- 162. tab. 1. fig. 1 (...) The Smear-Dalb. in Br. zool. Ill. 230. tab. 41. n. 106 (...) Capitur in marı Britannıco.” The description by WALBAUM (1792) ıs mainly based on Rajus (1713: 162-163, pl. 1, fig. 1, Rhombus laevis Cornubiensis macnlıs nigris. A. Kitt,; Cornwal/Cornwall, England). Unfortunately, the description and illustration are not clearly identify- able. The specimen illustrated has its eye on the left side of the body, while Microsto- mus kıtt is always rıght-sided (Scophthalmus rhombus has the eyes on the left side, but has a wider body). Apparently, the original ıllustrations have been turned around before publication, as they show another species, the Whiff (fig. 2 of the same plate) right-sided, while it (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) should be left-sided. The lateral line is strongly bent above the pectoral fin, while it is only slightly bent in M. kıtt (a strongly bent lateral line is found ın Zimanda limanda). The brown and orange blotches on the body, however, refer to Microstomus kitt. No type specimens have been found in collections containing Linnean or Gronovius materials (EscH- MEYER, 1998: 838; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of NIELSEN in WHITEHEAD et alıiı, 1986: 1304; FRICKE, 1987: 144), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Pleuronectes kitt Wal- baum, 1792: Neotype: SMNS 9646, 130.0 mm SL, 158.2mm TL - Netherlands, Texel Island, 53°00°’N 4°57’E - Jansen, C. - Sep. 1982. Platichthys flesus flesus (Linnaeus, 1758) Plenronectes Flesus Linnaeus, 1758: 270 (in M. Europaeo/European seas: syntypes: BUMNH 1853.11.12:132-134, 3 skins; NRM LP. 20, 1 specimen). Pleuronectes Passer Linnaeus, 1758: 271 (in Oceano Europaeo/European seas; neotype: SMNS 20601, as designated below). Linnaeus (1758: 271) described his Pleuronectes passer as follows: ) Habitat in mari americano, indico, mediterraneo, coloribus multum Indens.” GMELIN also refered to several historical sources, including GRonovIus (1754), SEBA (1758), GESNER, ALDROVANDUS, JOHNSTONE, RONDELETIUS, WILLUGHBY (1686), RajJus, ARTEDI ın LINNAEUS, PLINIUS, SALVIANI, and RENARD. Thus, this de- scription is of a composite origin. For example, Rajus (1713: 47-48) alone refers to different sources of his description, based on species including Balistes capriscus, Scorpaena porcus, etc. No type material could be detected (ESCHMEYER, 1998: 326; own research). DauDIn in CLOQUET (1816: 476-477), as the first reviser, selected Balistes capricus Gmelin, 1789 over Balıstes carolinensis Gmelin, 1789. In order to stabilize the present usage of the name (in the sense of RoBIns & Ray, 1986: 302), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Balistes caprıscus Gmelıin, 1789: Neotype: SMNS 2663, 184.4mm SL, 227.3mm TL - Mediterranean Sea, Italy: Napolı/Naples, 40°43’N 14°10’E - Zoologische Station Neapel — May 1879. GmeELIN (1789: 1468) described his Balıstes carolinensis as follows: =D 1Bile MAIL 25, Habitat in maris indici et americanı profundis, testaceis victicans, satis magnus, bramae simi- lis, supra ex fusco flavus, lineis caesiis varıus, ad latera flavus, subtus cinereus, cute ın areas parvas subrotundas partita, sum capitur, grunniens.” The remainder of GMmELIN’s (1789: 1468) description apparently refers to Balıstes vetula. This is another composite description, consisting of several species of balis- tid fishes, since B. capriscus has an exclusive Atlantic Ocean distribution; it would not occur in the Indian Ocean. No type material could be detected (EsCHMEYER, 1998: 333; own research). In order to stabilize the present usage of the name as a synonym of Balıistes capriscus (in the sense of MOORE, 1967: 691), I hereby designate the specimen SMNS 2663 (see above) as the neotype of Balıstes carolınensis Gmelin, 1789. 5. Acknowledgments I would like to thank the following individuals for sending specimens on loan, providing information or giving permission to examine specimens in their care: D. Dipier (ANSP, Phil- adelphia); O. CRımMEn, N. MERRETT (BMNH, London); W. N. ESCHMEYER, C. J. FERRARIS, FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY 55 Jr. (CAS, San Francisco); V. MAHNERT (MHNG, Geneve); M.-L. BAUCHOT, G. DUHAMEL, ].- C. Hurzau (MNHN, Paris); H. AHnELT, B. HERZIG, E. MiıxscHı (NMW, Wien); S. Kur- LANDER (NRM, Stockholm); M. J. P. van Omen (RMHN, Leiden), W. KLAUSEWITZ, C. KÖHLER, F. Krupp, F. ÜIBLEIN, H. ZETZSCHE, U. ZaJons (SMF, Frankfurt/Main); H.-J. PAep- KE (ZMB, Berlin); J. NIELSEn (ZMUC, Copenhagen); H. WILKENs (ZIM, Hamburg). I am grateful to S. PETRI (Librarian, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart), who supported this study over the years facılitating numerous inter-library loans of scientific liter- ature. Valuable assistance was given from lıbrarians of the following German libraries: Mu- seum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität (Zoologisches Museum, central library) in Berlin, Universitätsbibliothek of the Technische Universität in Braunschweig, Niedersächsi- sche Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek in Göttingen (RARA library), Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Leipzig, Württembergische Landesbibliothek in Stuttgart, Universitätsbiblio- thek der Universität Tübingen, and Herzog-August-Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel; also from li- brarians of The Natural History Museum, London (Central library; Ichthyology library), Museum Natural d’Histoire Naturelle ın Paris (Central library, Ichthyology library), The Academy of Natural Sciences ın Philadelphia (U.S.A.), California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (U.S.A.), and United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washing- TORIDIEH U STAN) The following individuals collected and/or donated valuable fish material for the Staat- liches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart which was used for the designation of neotypes, or gave permission to collect the material: H. BRUNKEN (Hannover, Germany); J. GAYE-SIESSEG- GER (Möglingen, Germany); M. GRABERT (Welzheim, Germany); J. HALLERMANN (Hamburg, Germany); H. HEInELT (Nordenham, Germany); H. HENnEMaAnN (Helgoland, Germany); R. Hunn (Balingen, Germany); C. Janssen (Braunschweig, Germany); I. Koch (Gerlingen, Germany); A. KoDakos (Stuttgart, Germany); A. MARTENS (Braunschweig, Germany); W. Rerz (Weil der Stadt-Schafhausen, Germany); G. STEPHAN (Winnenden, Germany); T. STRU- BELT (Stuttgart, Germany); V. Ts1oMos (Athens, Greece); G. Vorz (Heilbronn, Germany); P. WiRTZ (Funchal, Madeira, Portugal); H. Wnuck (Böblingen, Germany); D. WoLFRAM (Fil- derstadt, Germany). 6. References ALDROVANDUSs, U. (1613): De piscibus libri V et de cetis lib. unus. Pp. 1-6 [unnumbered] + 1-(372)732 + 1-27 [unnumbered]; Bononiae (I.B. Bellagamba). Ascanıus, P. 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(1865): Ichthyologiska Bidrag till Skandinaviens Fauna. — Förh. skand. Naturf. Moöte, 9: 405-414; Kristianıa. - (1874): Om de Svenske gobiider. - Forh. skand. Naturf. Mote, 11: 380-386; Kristianıa. MARKLE, D. F. & J. E. Orney (1990): Systematics of the pearlfishes (Pisces: Carapidae). - Bull. mar. Scı., 47(2): 269-410; Coral Gables. MonragGt, G. (1818): An account of several new and rare species of fishes, taken on the south coast of Devonshire, with some remarks on some others of more common occurrence. — Mem. Wernerian nat. hist. Soc., 2: 413-463, pls 21-23; Edinburgh. MoöoRßE, D. (1967): Triggerfishes (Balıstidae) of the western Atlantic. - Bull. mar. Sci., 17(3): 689-722; Coral Gables. MÜLLER, O.E. (1776): Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu anımalium Daniae et Norvegiae in- digenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma ımprımis popularıum. -— XXXII + 282 pp-; Havnıiae (publication of the author). MÜLLER, J. & J. HEnLE (1838-1841): Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. — Pp. 1-38 (1838), pp. 39-102 (1839), pp. 103-200 (1841), 60 pls; Berlin (Veit & Co.). NELSsoN, J. S. (1984): Fıshes of the world. — 2nd ed., XV + 523 pp.; New York (]. Wiley). Nırsson, $. (1852-1855): Skandinavisk fauna. Fjerde Delen: Fiskarna. Första Häftet. — Pp. I-XXXIV + 1-768. (1852, p. I-XXXIV + 1-280; 1855, p. 281-768); Lund. Parras, P. S. (1769-1770): Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae anımalum species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentarııs illustrantur. 2 vols. - Tomus 1, fasc. 7, (1769): pp. 1-42, pls 1-6; tomus 1, fasc. 8 (1770); pp. 1-56, pls 1-5; Berolini (@ A. Lange). Pietsch, T. W. (1994): Systematics and distribution of cottid fishes of the genus Triglops Rein- hardt (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes). — Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 109(4), (for 1993): 335-393; London. RAFINESQUE-SCHMALTZ, C. S. (1810a): Caratterı dı alcuni nuovi generi a nuove specie di ani- mali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. - Pp. 1-105, pls 1-20; Palermo (Sanfılippo). - (1810b): Indice d’ittiologia Siciliana; ossia catalogo metodico dei nomi Latini, Italiani, e Siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia; disposti secondo un metodo naturale; eseguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione di alcuni nuovi pesci Siciliani. — Pp. 1-70, pls 1-2; Messina (G. del Nobolo). raue, IDES> (1934): A preliminary, account of the sandeels of Scottish waters. — J. Cons., 9: 365-372; Copenhague. Rajus, J. (Ray, J.) (1713): Synopsis methodica piscium. - Pp. 1-166 + 14 [unnumbered]; 2 [un- numbered] pls; Londini (W. Innys). Rısso, A. (1810): Ichthyologie de Nice ou histoire naturelle des poissons du departement des Alpes Maritimes. - Pp. 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(1792): PETRI ARTEDI sueci genera piscium in quibus systema totum ichthyo- logiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differen- tiis, observationibus plurimis. Ichthyologiae pars! 3... 2nd ed. — Pp. 1-723, pls 1-3; Grypeswaldiae. WEBB, C.J. & P.J. MitLer (1974): A redescription of Pomatoschistus norvegicus (Collett, 1903) (Teleostei: Gobioidei) based on syntype material. - J. Fish Biol., 7(6): 735-747, 2 pls; London. WHITEHEAD, P. J. P. (1967): The clupeoid fishes described by LACEPEDE, CUVIER & VALEN- CIENNES. — Bull. Brit. Mus. nat. Hist. (Zool., Suppl.), 2: 1-180, pls 1-11; London. WHITEHEAD, P.J.P., M.-L. BaucHoT, ]J.-C. HUREAU, J. NIELSEN & E. TORTONESE (1984-1986): Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterannean. — Vol. 1 (1984), pp. 1-510; vol. 2 (1986), pp. 511-1007; vol. 3 (1986), pp. 1008-1473; Paris (UNESCO). WiıLrucHBßy, F. (1686): De historia piscium libri quatuor, jussu et sumptibus Societatis Regiae Londinensis editi. ... 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Index (Valid species names are printed in bold-face) Abramis ballerus Abramis bjoerkna Abramis brama acanthias, Squalus Acantholabrus palloni acarne, Pagellus acarne, Pagrus Acipenser sturio Acıpenseridae aculeatus, Gasterosteus acus, Syngnathus aeglefinus, Melanogrammus aequoreus, Entelurus aequoreus, Syngnathus Agonidae Agonus cataphractus albula, Coregonus albula, Salmo Alburnus alburnus alburnus alburnus, Cyprinus Alopias vulpinus Alopiidae Alosa alosa Alosa fallax fallax Amerıicanus, Amphiprion americanus, Polyprion Ammodytes marinus Ammodytes semisguamatus Ammodytes tobianus Ammodytidae Amphiprion Americanus Anarhichadidae Anarhichas denticulatus Anguilla anguilla Anguilla vulgaris Anguillidae Angvilla, Muraena aper, Capros aper, Zeus Aphia minuta Aphya, Cyprinus aquila, Myliobatis aquıla, Raja Argyrosomus regius Arıosoma balearıcum Arnoglossus laterna ascanii, Chirolophis Ascanıi, Blennius asper, Taractes Aspitrigla cuculus Aspius aspius aspius Aspins, Cyprinus asterias, Mustelus Atherina boyeri Atherina Minuta 6, 20 6, 21 Atherina presbyter Atherinidae aurata, Liza Auratus, Mugıl bailloni, Symphodus balearicum, Ariosoma Balistes capriscus Balıstes carolinensis Balıstes scolopax Balıstidae ballerus, Abramis Ballerus, Cyprinus baltica, Coregonus lavaretus forma balticus, Coregonus lavaretus barbarus, Syngnathus barbatus, Mullus Barbus barbus barbus batis, Raja Belone belone belone belone, Esox Belonidae bergylta, Labrus bimaculata bimaculata, Dipleco- gaster bimaculatus, Cyclopterus bimaculatus, Labrus bjoerkna, Abramis bjoerkna, Cyprinus Blenniidae Blennins Ascanü Blennius lumpretae-formis Blennius pholıs blennoides, Gadus blennoides, Phycis bogaraveo, Pagellus bogaraveo, Sparus Boops boops boops, Sparus boscii, Lepidorhombus boscü, Pleuronectes Bothidae boyeri, Atherina Bramidae brama, Abramis Brama brama Brama longıpinnis brama, Pterycombus brama, Sparus bubalıs, Cottus bubalis, Taurulus budegassa, Lophius Buenia jeffreysi Buglossidinm Inteum 61 62 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 587 cabrilla, Perca 39 Cottidae 32910038 cabrilla, Serranus 10,39 Cottus bubalıs 9 callarias, Gadus morhua 7,31 Cottus gobio 9,38 Callionymidae 4,12,47 Crystallogobius linearis 13, 47 Callionymus Iyra 12 Ctenolabrus rupestris 11 Callionymus maculatus 12,47 cuculus, Aspitrigla 9 Callionymus reticulatus 12 cultratus, Pelecus 6 canicula, Scyliorhinus 4,15 Cyclopteridae 10 Canicula, Squalus 15 Cylopterus bimaculatus 7 cantharus, Sparus 41 Cyclopterus lumpus 10 cantharus, Spondyliosoma 11,41 Cyclopterus montagni 10 capriscus, Balistes 14,54 cynoglossus, Glyptocephalus 14 Caproıdae 9,36 Cyprinidae 3,4, 6, 7,20 Capros aper 9,36 Cyprinus alburnus D» Carangidae 4,10 Cyprinus Aphya 25 Carapidae 7 Cyprinus Aspins 22. Carassius carassius 6,23 Cyprinus Ballerus 20 carassins, Cyprinus 23 Cyprinus bjoerkna 21 Carbonarins, Gadus 33 Cyprinus carassins 23 Carcharhinidae 4,16 Cyprinus Erythrophthalmus 26 cardına, Rhombus 14 Cyprinus Farenus 20 carolinensıis, Balistes 54 Cyprinus gobio 23 cataphractus, Agonus 10 Cyprinus Idbarus 24, 25 Catulus, Squalus 15 Cyprinus Idus 24 Centrolabrus exoletus 11,43 Cyprinus Jeses 24 Centrolophidae 13 Cyprinus Orfus 24 Centrolophus niger 13 Cyprinus Phoxinus 25 cephalus cephalus, Leuciscus 6 Cyprinus Tinca 26 Cephalus var. ramado, Mugıl 42 Cyprinus Vimba 26 cernuus, Gymnocephalus 10 Cetorhinidae 4,15 Dasyatidae 5,18 Cetorhinus maximus 4,15 Dasyatis pastinaca 5, 18 Cheilopogon heterurus 8,34 Dentex maroccanus 11 Chelon labrosus 11,42 denticulatus, Anarhichas 12, 46 Chimaera monstrosa 5,18 Dicentrarchus labrax 10 Chimaeridae 5,18 Diplecogaster bimaculata Chirolophis ascanii 12, 45 bimaculata 7 Cihata mustela 7 draco, Trachinus 12 Ciliata septentrionalis 7 drummondii, Echiodon 7 cimbrius, Enchelyopus 739 cimbrius, Gadus 30 Echiichthys vipera 12, 44 circularis, Raja 5 Echiodon drummondii 7 clavata, Raja 5,17 Enchelyopus cimbrius 758 Clupea harengus 4,6 encrasicolus, Clupea 20 Clupea encrasicolus 20 encrasicolus, Engranlis 6, 20 Clupea Pilchardus 19 Engraulidae 6, 20 Clupeidae 4,6,19 Engranlis encrasicolus 6, 20 Cobitidae 7 Entelurus aequoreus INSZ, Cobitis taenia 7 eperlanus schonfoldi, Osmerus 7029 colias, Scomber 13,48 Eperlanus schonfoldiüi 29 Conger conger 6,19 equiselis, Coryphaena 10 Conger, Muraena 19 Eriox, Salmo 28 Congridae 6,19 erythrinus, Pagellus 11, 40 Coregonus albula 27 erythrinus, Sparus 40 Coregonus lavaretus balticus 7,28 Erythrophthalmus, Cyprinus 26 Coregonus lavaretus forma baltica 28 erythrophthalmus, Scardinius 7, 24, 26 Coregonus lavaretus oxyrinchus 7 esmarkı, Gadus 33 Coryphaena equiselis 10 esmarki, Trisopterus 8, 33 Coryphaenidae 10 Esocidae 7 FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY Esox belone Esox lucius Esox Saurus Eutrigla gurnardus Exocoetidae Exocoetus heterurus exoletus, Centrolabrus exoletus, Labrus faber, Zeus fallax fallax, Alosa Farenus, Cyprinus flavescens, Gobins flavescens, Gobiousculus flesus flesus, Platichthys Flesus, Pleuronectes fluviatilis, Lampetra fluviatilis, Perca friesu, Gobins friesii, Lesneurigobius fullonica, Raja frllae, Raja Gadidae Gadus blennoides Gadus Carbonarius Gadus cimbrius Gadus esmarki Gadus heteroglossus Gadus merluccins Gadus minutus Gadus molva Gadus morhua callarias Gadus morhua morhna Gadus Pollachius Gadus vertagus Gadus virens Gaidropsarus mediterraneus Gaidropsarus vulgaris Galeorhinus galeus galeus, Galeorhinus Galeus melastomus Galeus, Sqnalus Gasterosteidae Gasterosteus aculeatus gattorugine, Parablennius gladius, Xiphias glauca, Prionace glaucus, Squalus glesne, Regalecus glutinosa, Myxine Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Gobiesocidae Gobüidae gobio, Cottus gobio, Cyprinus Gobio gobio gobio Gobins flavescens Gobius friesu 55 13,47. Sl 14 7 3 VI Z Gobins gracılıs 63 13 Gobius (Lebetus) scorpioides var. guilleti 13 Gobins linearıs Gobius minuto Gobius minutus lozanoi Gobius niger Gobiusculus flavescens gracılis, Gobins griseus, Hexanchus griseus, Squalus guilleti, Gobins (Lebetus) scorpioides var. guilleti, Lebetus gunnellus, Pholis gurnardus, Eutrigla guttatus, Lampris guttatus, Zeus Gymnammod)ytes semisquamatus Gymnocephalus cernnus harengus, Clupea heteroglossus, Gadus heterurus, Cheilopogon heterurus, Exocoetns Hexanchidae Hexanchns griseus Hippoglossoides platessoides limandoides Hippoglossus hippoglossus Hyperoplus lanceolatus Idbarus, Cyprinus Idus, Cyprinus idus idus, Leuciscus jeffreysi, Buenia Jeses, Cyprinus kitt, Microstomus Kitt, Plenronectes labrax, Dicentrarchus Labridae labrosus, Chelon labrosus, Mugil Labrus bergylta Labrus bimaculatus Labrus exoletus Labrus punctatus Lamna nasus Lamnidae Lampetra fluviatilis lampretaeformis, Lumpenus Lampridae Lampris guttatus lanceolatus, Hyperoplus lastoviza, Trigla lastoviza, Trigloporus laterna, Arnoglossus 12, 46 10 4,6 30 8, 34 24,25 6, 24,26 18 24 14,51 51 10 3 A) 64 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Laterna, Pleuronectes lavaretus balticus, Coregonus lavaretus forma baltica, Coregonus lavaretus oxyrinchus, Coregonus Lebetus guilleti Lebetus scorpioides Lepidorhombus boscii Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis Lesneurigobius friesii Leuciscus cephalus cephalus Leuciscus idus idus Limanda limanda limanda, Pleuronectes limandoides, Hippoglossoides platessoides limandoides, Pleuronectes linearis, Crystallogobius linearis, Gobius Liparidae Liparis liparis Liparis montagui Lipophrys pholis Liza aurata Liza ramado longipinnis, Brama longipinnis, Taractichthys Lophiidae Lophius budegassa Lophius piscatorius Lota lota lozanoı, Gobius minutus lozanoi, Pomatoschistus lucerna, Trigla Lucıioperca, Perca lucioperca, Stizostedion lucius, Esox lumbriciformis, Nerophis Lumpenus lampretaeformis Lumpenus lumpretaeformis lumpretae-formis, Blennius lumpretaeformis, Lumpenus lumpus, Cyclopterus luscus, Trisopterus Inteum, Buglossidium luteus, Monochirus Iuteus, Pleuronectes Lutjanus palloni lyra, Callionymus Macrorhamphosidae Macrorhamphosus scolopax maculatus, Callionymus marinus, Ammodytes marinus, Petromyzon marmorata, Torpedo maroccanus, Dentex Maurolicus muelleri maxima, Psetta maximus, Cetorhinus maximus, Squalus mediterraneus, Gaidropsarus Melanogrammus aeglefinus melastomus, Galeus melops, Symphodus Merlangius merlangus merlangus, Merlangius Merlangus pontassou Merluccidae merluccius, Gadus Merluccius merluccius microcephalus, Somniosus Microcephalus, Squalus Micromesistius pontassou microocellata, Raja microps, Pomatoschistus Microstomus kitt minuta, Aphia Minuta, Atherina minuto, Gobius minutus, Gadus minutus lozanoı, Gobins minutus minutus, Pomatoschistus minutus, Trisopterus Mola mola mola, Tetraodon Molidae molva, Gadus Molva molva Monochirus luteus monstrosa, Chimaera montagui, Cyclopterus montagui, Liparis morhua callarias, Gadus morhua morhua, Gadus muelleri, Maurolicus Mugil Auratus Mugil Cephalus var. ramado Mugil labrosus Musgilidae Mülleri, Salmo Mullidae Mullus barbatus Mullus surmuletus Muraena Angvilla Muraena Conger murrayi, Triglops mustela, Ciliata Mustela vulgarıs Mustelus asterias Mustelus mustelus Mustelus, Squalus Myliobatidae Myliobatis aquila Myoxocephalus quadricornis Myoxocephalus scorpius scorpius Myxine glutinosa Myxinidae Ser. A, Nr. 587 m nm non N » oo oo Wi ja o on ww ww ouıvan FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY naevus, Raja nasus, Lamna nasus, Squalus Nerophis lumbriciformis Nerophis ophidion niger, Gobius niger, Centrolophus nigra, Perca nobiliana, Torpedo norvegicus, Phrynorhombus norvegicus, Pomatoschistus norvegicus, Rhombus ophidion, Nerophis Ophidion, Syngnathus Orcynopsis unicolor Orfus, Cyprinus Osmeridae Osmerus eperlanus schonfoldi ovatus, Trachinotus oxyrinchus, Coregonus lavaretus oxyrinchus, Raja Pagellus acarne Pagellus bogaraveo Pagellus erythrinus Pagrus acarne palloni, Acantholabrus pallonı, Lutjanus Parablennius gattorugine Passer, Plenronectes pastinaca, Dasyatis Pastinaca, Raja Pelecus cultratus Perca cabrılla Perca fluviatilis Perca Lucioperca Perca nıgra Percidae Petromyzon marinus Petromyzontidae Pholidae phols, Blennins Pholis gunnellus pholis, Lipophrys Phoxinus, Cyprinus Phoxinus phoxinus phoxinus Phrynorhombus norvegicus Phycis blennoides pictus, Pomatoschistus Pilchardus, Clupea pilchardus pilchardus, Sardina piscatorius, Lophius platessa, Pleuronectes platessoides limandoides, Hippo- glossoides Platichthys flesus flesus Pleuronectes boscıi Pleuronectes Flesus Pleuronectes Kıtt Plenronectes Laterna Plenronectes limanda Plenronectes limandoides Pleuronectes Inteus Pleuronectes Passer Pleuronectes platessa Plenronectes solea Plenronectes Whiff-lagonis Pleuronectidae Pollachius, Gadus Pollachius pollachius Pollachius virens Polyprion americanus Pomatoschistus lozanoi Pomatoschistus microps Pomatoschistus minutus minutus Pomatoschistus norvegicus Pomatoschistus pictus poutasson, Merlangus pontassou, Micromesistius presbyter, Atherina Prionace glauca Psetta maxima Pterycombus brama punctatus, Labrus punctatus, Zeugopterus Pungitius pungitius quadricornis, Myoxocephalus radiata, Raja Raja aquıla Raja batis Raja circularis Raja clavata Raja fullonica Raja fyllae Raja microocellata Raja naevus Raja oxyrinchus Raja Pastınaca Raja radiata Raja undulata Rajıdae ramado, Liza ramado, Mugıl Cephalus var. Raniceps raninus raninus, Raniceps Regalecidae Regalecus glesne regius, Argyrosomus reticulatus, Callionymus Rhombus cardına Rhombus norvegicus rhombus, Scophthalmus rostellatus, Syngnathus rupestris, Ctenolabrus Rutilus rutilus rutilus a m wu oo ı ı mn mn mn NS Un On In 66 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE salar, Salmo Salmo albula Salmo Eriox Salmo Mülleri Salmo salar Salmo trutta Salmonidae Sarda sarda sarda, Scomber Sardina pilchardus pilchardus Saurus, Esox saurus, Scomberesox Scardinius erythrophthalmus schonfoldi, Osmerus eperlanus schonfoldu, Eperlanus Sciaenidae scolopax, Balıstes scolopax, Macrorhamphosus Scomber colias Scomber sarda Scomber scombrus Scomber thynnus Scomber unicolor Scomberesocidae Scomberesox saurus Scombridae scombrus, Scomber Scophthalmidae Scophthalmus rhombus scorpioides, Lebetus scorpioides var. guilleti, Gobins (Lebetus) scorpius scorpius, Myoxocephalus Scyliorhinidae Scyhiorhinus canicula Scyliorhinus stellaris semisquamatus, Ammodytes semisquamatus, Gymnammodytes septentrionalis, Ciliata Serranidae Serranus cabrilla solea, Plenronectes Solea solea Soleidae Somniosus microcephalus Sparidae Sparus bogaraveo Sparus boops Sparus brama Sparus cantharus Sparus erythrinus Sphyrna zygaena Sphyrnidae Spinachia spinachia Spondyliosoma cantharus Sprattus sprattus Squalidae Squalus acanthias Squalus Canicula Squalus Catulus Squalus Galeus Squalus glaucus Squalus grisens Squalus maximus Squalus Microcephalus Squalus Mustelus Squalus nasus Squalus stellarıs Squalus vulpinus Squatina squatina Squatinidae stellaris, Scyliorhinus stellarıs, Squalus Sternoptychidae Stichaeidae Stizostedion lucioperca sturio, Acipenser surmnuletus, Mullus Symphodus bailloni Symphodus melops Syngnathidae Syngnathus acus Syngnathus aequoreus Syngnathus barbarus Syngnathus Ophidion Syngnathus rostellatus Syngnathus typhle taenia, Cobitis Taractes asper Taractichthys longipinnis Taurulus bubalıis Tetraodon mola Thunnus thynnus thynnus thynnus, Scomber Tinca, Cyprinus Tinca tinca tobianus, Ammodytes Torpedinidae Torpedo marmorata Torpedo nobiliana Trachinidae Trachinotus ovatus Trachinus draco Trachinus vipera Trachurus trachurus Trigla lastoviza Trigla lucerna Triglidae Trigloporus lastoviza Triglops murrayi Trisopterus esmarki Trisopterus luscus Trisopterus minutus trutta, Salmo typhle, Syngnathus undulata, Raja Ser. A, Nr. 587 15 16 4 4 15 5 16 FRICKE, MARINE AND ESTUARINE FISHES OF GERMANY unicolor, Orcynopsis unicolor, Scomber vertagus, Gadus Vimba, Cyprinus Vimba vimba vipera, Echiichthys vipera, Trachinus virens, Gadus virens, Pollachius viviparus, Zoarces vulgarıs, Anguilla vulgaris, Gaidropsarus vulgarıs, Mustela vulpinus, Alopias vulpinus, Squalus Author’s address: 18 13 Whiff-Iagonis, Plenronectes whiffiagonis, Lepidorbombus Xiphias gladius Xiphiidae Zeidae Zeugopterus punctatus Zeus aper Zeus faber Zeus guttatus Zoarces viviparns Zoarcidae zygaena, Sphyrna Dr. RONALD FRICKE, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde (Museum Schloss Rosenstein), Ro- senstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany. ISSN 0341-0145 Schriftleitung: Dr. Wolfgang Seeger, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart Gesamtherstellung: Gulde-Druck GmbH, D-72072 Tübingen MCZ ERNST MAYR LIBRARY ll nern Be en a rt > mn