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WITH

Pei RILE D REDS:

BY,
MRS. HY A. DANIELS
GRE MON mM ASis#

ILLUSTRATED BY
eA O UN IN
N. GRAFTON, MASS.

TOUALAND

TATOATANONALAL

AXIVaNtYaNIVevivevtyaxtvantya\

Copyrighted, i922
POULTRY SBREEDERS PUBLISHING CO.
Waverly, lowa

sare

Introduction

In placing this book before the poultry world I make
no pretense of its being a treatise on “How to Succeed”

Be ae ae
RS RES SRR Tae

1.—Home of Daniels’ Pedigreed Reds, showing Hodgson Baby
Chick house battery of brooders. Mrs. Daniels at right.

2.—View of Daniels’ office, not showing all of file nor mimeo-
graph.

nor as a text book on the breeding of Rhode Island Reds.
It is simply a story, imperfectly told, of the work we have

4 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS bie

done, or better—the work we have commenced to do in the
combining of high production with Standard qualities in
Rhode Isiand Reds.

Many things in the following pages may be somewhat
contradictory to the experiences of others, but this only
proves that there is no ONE road to success, especially
when dealing with old Mother Nature. Every day we
find changes necessary and learn new things about the
work. This will account in many instances for the in-
completeness of the material. We are still learning. Fully
believing that there are many people interested in quality
before quantity to whom this book will offer some suggest-
ions of value and assistance, I present the same for your
criticisms.

3.
about the buildings.
4.—Artificial shade for baby chicks.

5.—Protected corner for Hodgson baby chick house. Note Ideal
drinking fountain for milk and iron pins to hold fence.

Showing laying-breeding houses. Note the heavy growth all

we Ms
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“at Pee tie \
ae rs
& p= zy Me 6
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A Short Biogr aphica Sketch

I do not intend to say any Wine Se our personal
affairs than is necessary to supply a few connecting links
to make our work clearer than it would be in its various
stages without. Many books are made more humanly in-
teresting by the addition of some of the actual life of
the writers and, in the work which we are doing, our home
life has been closely interwoven. Real people with their
troubles and their problems are so much more interesting
than imaginary persons in the third person.

Experience, to help others, must have a living vital
interest, with plenty of local color and every-day back-
eround. This I am using wherever it will make our ex-
periences more interesting to the average reader. I have
tried in every possible way to keep away from everything
technical and complicated and to tell our work in a way
to convince anyone that it is entirely within the power of
any conscientious person with application and willing-
ness to persevere and WORK.

Both Mr. Daniels and I have loved chickens all our
lives. I consider this very essential in being successful
with them. The real love of any work is a pretty safe
capital.

As a young lad Mr. Daniels made a back yard flock his
chief interest and spent most of his spare time caring for
them after schoo! hours. When he was about fourteen he
made his first trip away from home, going from Grafton
to Natick, Mass., to the home of Henry Felch, brother of
L. Kk. Felch the originator of the Felch Strain of Light
Brahmas. At this time the Light Brahma was at the
pinnacle of its glory and Mr. Daniels went to get hatching
eges. He often tells how Henry Felch left his cutting
block in the shoe shop, after reading the letter of intro-
duction presented by young Daniels, and took him to his
home, spending the rest of the day in the pens and incu-
bator room with him. Before he left for home Mr. Felch
took him to the poultry houses and directly from the nests
picked the eggs to fill his order, marking them and in-

6 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

structing him how to mate the resulting chicks. I often
think this example which made such an impression on his
mind at that time has been very instrumental in the help
given many a young lad or beginner later in life with
REDS. |

During the succeeding years several popular breeds
were kept, and, boy-like he took up the moment’s favorite.
As school days ended and work along mechanical lines
was taken up, the time for poultry work grew less and
finally ceased. However, the fever was firmly implanted in
his systern and broke out anew at the first opportunity.

Twelve years after the arrival in Grafton of young
Daniels another chicken crank came into this world—a
thin, almost puny youngster, about whose health there had
always been a doubt. A wise mother, realizing the value
of out-door life, practically turned her out with the chick-
ens and she grew much more rugged. The home of this
youngster was a farm half a mile from the nearest neigh-
bor and, as there were no brothers or sisters, she took up
the next most interesting things for chums, the chickens.
Dols were too inanimate. The mother noted the interest
in the chickens and decided that along with the benefit
of the out-of-door life could be combined some lessens in
responsibility and kindness and gradually the care of the
poultry was placed in the child’s hands, always under
supervision but not the kind that made the work an or-
deal, but rather a great privilege. ‘

Many things were learned about poultry that never
would have come through the ordinary channels. Their
individuality was noticed and studied and early in life
this little girl realized that birds have individual iden-
tities.

One instance never forgotten either by herself or her
playmates, such as came to see her, was a Barred Rock
cockerel which she trained to hitch to a tiny wagon. When
this was going on the dolls were resurrected and used as
passengers. A little harness was made of odds and ends
and a doll carriage smashed to get the running gear, which
was nailed to a wooden salt box, two sticks making shafts
into which the cockere] would back and stand to be hitch-

oo

S L
- 4

7

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 7

ed. The year that this cockerel had the center of the
stage the girl, then about nine years old, was the scorn
of all the other little girls, but the envy of the boys. Later
the bird became ugly, as is the case with many unusually
tame and docile animals as they grow older.

All this took place in Northboro, less than ten mues
from Grafton, and when this girl was abont twelve years
old the farm was left and a change to the city of Worcester
made. No chickens were possible for several years and
school and work soon took up about all the time. Occa-
sional visits to the country to relatives and.friends kept
her a little in touch with country life.

However, very little was learned in any way about
chicks during this time and in 1905 an entire stop was put
to all work in the girl’s life for eleven years, as in that
vear the mother became a helpless paralytic and all else
had to be laid aside for these last years of loving minis-
tration.

Change after change took place until in 1912 the fam-
ily came to Grafton to live and the life romance of the two
chicken cranks was commenced.

Daniels had been hammering out horseshoes for about
thirteen years for the Grafton horses. In 1913 they met
and were friendly for quite a long time before each dis-
covered that the other was interested in poultry in any
degree.

The father of the girl (getting along to be a pretty old
girl) resumed his interest in Barred Rocks as soon as he
was settled in the country and considerable of the work of
caring for them fell to the girl, as he was away during the
day. Little by little chickens became a topic of conversa-
tion between Daniels and this girl.

Her interest became more intense from day to day,
paving the way to the future work. With the renewed
interest in poultry work, which was now carried on with
a view to helping owt the household funds, came a degree
of success on a small scale. The comradeship between the
three, Daniels and the girl and her dad, became cemented
as this was made morc or less of a study. This interest in
birds grew until almost no other topic of conversation was

8 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

dwelt upon. It ended suddenly and tragically by the fail-
ure one morning of the father to respond to the call of the
helpless mother and the finding by the girl that he had
gone to the Great Beyond. After this loss the mother fail-
ed rapidly and joined him five months after. This loss
brought the girl and Mr. Daniels permanently together
and poultry work was made a part of their very life from
that time on.

At first it was only intended to make the poultry kept
pay in a measure some of the household expenses, but, like
many other things which commence in a smal! wey and
grow so rapidly, this soon became an all absorbing and
very good paying business.

The start was made the year of the foot and mouth
disease with the first birds, which were Barred Rocks.
Mr. Daniels had talked “hens” so much during the pre-
ceding year that he feit he must own some, so he sent to
a New York dealer in portable poultry houses and got the
first section of a 16x20 house—this section being ten feet
wide and sixteen feet deep. After the house was ordered
a search for pullets was made and only one lot could be
found. They were, as before stated, Barred Rocks. After
they were bought it was necessary to send to the State
House for a permit to move them because of the foot and
mouth disease. The house was net ready and the inan
from whom they were bought needed the room so a stable
in a barn was obtained and finally they were moved to this
temporary place awaiting the house. In due time this
came and was set and the pullets moved and settled down
to business. I could write some very funny experiences
we had during the first year in getting under way. low,
in setting the house, we rushed roofing paper on the build-
ing when we found boards were not sufficient, and ail
manner of amateurish stunts, but I feel many writers
have covered this ground for the amusement of many reed-
ers and I would rather go into the real work as it came
along in the succeeding months. All beginners it any
work do foolish things, so why enumerate on them?

The twenty-five Barred Rocks did splendidly in produc-
tion. Every one began telling us, “Hens always lay well

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 9

the first year in a new house; better than they ever will
again”. We could not see just why this shonld be, but it
does so prove in many cases and our subsequent experience
has proven to us that it is because the first year is usually
the only year that the house is really clean.

The next year we added another section the same size
as the first to the house and decided to try a pen of Reds
along with the Rocks. We bought a hundred month-old
chicks from the Sycamore Farm in this town and a hun-
dred Barred Rocks from the same source that supplied the
first lot of Rocks the year previous. These were brooded
in the two E. C. Young combination houses the same as
shown in cuts of range houses. The old style circular
hover with kerosene lamp was used to furnish heat. AJ
did well with only normal losses and troubles and the pul-
lets laid extremely well but it just seemed that the Reds
did a little better and were more consistent producers.

The next year our enthusiasm increased and we added
another 20x16 house, in two pens. This season we ded not
have pullets enough so we bought here and there as we
could get healthy birds as we felt we must have each pen
filled to capacity. We had no idea of quality at that time
as quantity and the use of housing to its very limit was the
first consideration.

I well remember among other amusing things that hap-
pened during our search for well developed pullets, how
we obtained a few from one party in a nearby town. After
we got them home and had looked them over—noting many
good points among them—we wrote the raiser, asking him
what strain they were from and he replied that he did
not know, but the only strain he ever knew of in connec-
tion with them was the strain on his pocket-book for their
feed. I believe I could write a book filled with the amus-
ing things that have happened as we have always had the
happy faculty of seeing the joke even when it was on us as
often happens with the poultry man during his novitiate.

During this same year we commenced breeding a little.
Some of the Sycamore Farm pullets looked pretty good to
us and, as we had been reading the Rhode Island Red
Journal we had become interested in better looking Reds.

10 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

Like all other novices we felt we had to have “new blood”
and commenced looking through advertisements to make
the selection of a plant from which to purchase a male.
Owen Farms advertisements were very attractive and the
plant being located in the same state we made our final
decision on that, which proved to be a good one.

We made our initial purchase in the shape of a cock-
erel. Not a high-priced bird as we now estimate and real-
ize the value of good birds; but this male turned out to be
a very fine breeding proposition. Just as a clew to our
total lack of knowledge of really high-class Reds, let me
say that in our first correspondence with Owen Farms
we did not know that a good female was supposed to have
black ticking in hackle.

In October, 1916, this cockerel came. He was looked
over by many in our neighborhood and we felt he was a
good buy. His good depth of color was a revelation to us.
Watching this bird and his style became an absorbing in-
terest to us and as we studied him, we finally decided to
eet some females from the same source to mate to him.
The last week in October the four hens decided upon ar-
rived and on November 2, 1916, laid the first egg, which
was laid by No. 1, the REAL hen of the four and whose
blood today flows through about every bird in our mat-
ings.

Meanwhile we had added to our equipment an 8x12
kK. C. Young shed-roof house which we had used for brood-
ing. At this time we added on another similar section
making a house 8x24 feet. In this house, which was divid-
ed into four pens, and these birds were placed in one pen
with every second day in one of the others. <A careful
record of the production of this pen was kept, commencing
November 2, 1916, and ending Nevember 2, 1917, and at
the end of this time it was found that these four hens had
produced 768 eges or an average of 192 eggs each in their
second laying year. Two of these hens appeared to us to
be better as layers and as individuals than the other two
and we wished to isolate some of their chicks. At that
time I had never seen a trapnest and such a thing was only
a name to me. My household duties were light and I had

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 11

spent much time with the few birds we had and decided I
would watch these two hens and as they laid pick from
under them their eggs. This I did, spending many hours
in the pen with them for that purpose. These eggs were
marked and set and from that time began the steady im-
provement in our work. Cuts No. 20, No. 33 and No. 35

dl

The birds in this illustration from left to right are: “Danny”,
“Jimmy”, No. 9 and No. 7.

show four of the birds that were hatched from this hand-
picked and pedigreed lot of chicks, No. 9 and Jimmie,
No. 17 and Danny and throughout the following pages will
be many references to them. When it is considered that
all the pictures in this book were taken during an interval
of a few weeks of each other one can judge the lessons in
breeding which we have had constantly before us. Many
times as an improvement is made in anything a person is
liable to forget the process of evolution which brought it
about and this I think is especially true in poultry work.
At the time the pictures of the four birds above referred
to were taken their combined age was twenty years.

Out of the original four hens one was lost and we im-
mediately sent to Owen Farms for a replacement hen and
the present No. 2 was shipped up. She proved a great old
hen; although never a beauty, we learned to judge her by
her performance. In cuts No. 18 and No. 19 will be seen
this same “old lady” and her son hatched in her sixth
year. She has been the dam of a great many fine layers
and some very good male birds. The other hen of the
original purchase was an indifferent proposition and we
have none of her blood on the place today. This was a very

12 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

high percentage of good birds from so small a number to
select from and we found the progeny of these birds better
than the birds themselves, showing that there was a strong
trait of prepotency in this combination. 1

Remember that these first hens were NOT trapnested,
and all chicks with the exception of the few hand pedi-
egreed—as one might say—were hatched just as any chicks.
Of course they were kept separate from the remainder of

16.—Split wing—a space where feathers will never grow. Will
make a fine broiler.

17.—Birds-eye view of plant.

18.—Number two, six years old 1922. Laid 197 eggs third year,
187 fourth year.

ee

Son of No. 2, hatched in her sixth year. Sturdy stock.

our flock and each was toe marked. These chicks when
hatched in the incubator were pedigree hatched as far as

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 18

keeping them separate from the rest of the bunch was
concerned.

The chicks we pedigreed from No. 1 and No. 3 were so
pronounced in individuality that we decided we would do
more pedigreeing another year and made arrangements
to install trapnests for that purpose. This was only con-
templated for the duration of the breeding season and
merely as an aid to improvement of the appearance of the
flock. We felt just like thousands of others, that we could
not do the work necessary to trapnest for production when
that necessitated tending traps all the year around. The
season of 1918 saw us trapnesting for the spring months
and pedigree hatching the chicks. So many have asked
us just how we pedigree hatch, that, while our method is
so different, materially, than any other, we put out a
mimeograph sheet telling exactly how we proceed and the
demand has been very great for this. I am entirely re-
producing the material in this:

Pedigreeing Poultry In Detail
By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass.

Our methods of pedigree hatching differ very little
from those used by Government Experiment Stations and

Putting eggs into pedigree bags. All eggs packed
for shipment here.

other breeders but these details are often unassembled
when wanted by one commencing this work. Following
is the system we use, in detail:

In the first place pedigreeing poultry demands that all
eges from each hen be laid in a manner to make positive
identification possible. This is done either by trapnests or
the single penning of each female. Mark the eggs as
laid, plainly, on the small end. Set as usual. When test-
ing out the clears and dead germs check them off the hen’s
list. On the eighteenth day—last turning in incubator—
place the eggs from each hen in cheesecloth or bunting
bags. Make these large enough to give the chicks room
as they must remain in them until hatch is taken off. Four
or five inches will hold three eggs nicely. Machine sew
on three sides. Close opening with a large safety pin.
In each pin catch a cloth tag (cheap, smooth toweling is
very good) with the hen’s number written thereon. This
is in addition to marking the eggs because if all eggs in

Pie

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 15

a bag hatch, the shells are liable to be broken up and num-
ber lost, entirely. Where hens are used for incubation,
eges from each hen must be placed under different hens
at hatching time. Take off the hatch as usual. Ag each
bag is opened remove each hen’s chicks, placing a number-
ed band on the leg. With especially valuable stock use

6.—Brahmas make good mothers. Note E. C. Young hen and
chick house.

7.—Four weeks old son of No. 17, showing pedigree band on leg.

8.—Same chick as in No. 7, showing band removed to wing.

duplicate bands, one securely fastened on each leg. Keep
a record of each, showing dam, sire, date of hatch and
any information you may wish to keep track of later on.

16 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

The items are a good lesson many times in the year.

In about one month this band is taken from the leg and
a shit is cut in the skinny part of the wing between the two
joints (the shoulder and elbow) and the band slipped
through and fastened. Use heavy gauge aluminum bands.
Dip in carbolie solution and tonch with iodine after band
is in place. Infection is thus avoided.

We use three by five cards to keep track of chicks.
These are numbered and placed consecutively in a sec-
tion of our filing system. All details mentioned above
are placed on this card and occasionally notes of devel-
opment, etc., are made. This information is instantly

Seal band 0), 0 0 Wing band \ q Wy Od Sev es oy
om FEL LS

Date of Hatch TA Sloe Nie. Se ‘A Je 2

Remarks aor Welds. cob Yoteh .

Final Disposition Ne Q j La per ere

available and makes a fine breeding history. Pedigree
hatching will teach more in one year than hit or miss
work in three years.

It does not pay to go into pedigree hatching with in-
ferior stock and it surely pays to get stock that has been
pedigree bred for several generations. However, many
people have really better birds than they realize and a
little effort will locate the really worth while ones.

In addition to this sheet which tells how we do the ac-
tual work, you will find a cut showing the duplication
of the cards which we use, this card being filled out with
an actual pedigree hatching of the cockerel in cut No. 28,
whose pedigree in full is shown in pedigree reproduction
No. 3.

Continued Improvement

Line breeding, pedigree breeding, and production
breeding were subjects but little known to us at this
time, but we were growing more and more interested and
had learned a bit about the possibilities that were in
sight. We read everything that came to us and probably
swallowed whole as much as the usual poultry enthusiast.
All the time we were learning, however, to sift the chaff
from the wheat, and learning by experience.

Our interest in production as a breeding possibility
commenced when we noted that No. 9 laid 92: eggs in
100 days, 55 eggs in 55 days, and after the trapnesting
was over we identified her egg with remarkable regu-
larity as far as our own satisfaction was concerned. Pre-
vious to this we rather leaned to the idea that produc-
tion was more a matter of feed than anything else. Even
at that time there had not been a great deal of information
available about the results of systematic breeding for
higher fecundity.

The work which the old hens did in the first year we
had them, and that which certain of the daughters did
during the breeding season, convinced us that egg pro-
duction could be established in breeding as well as red eyes
or five comb points, and January, 1919, saw us with trap-
nests in operation.

All this time we had been anxious to improve our birds
as individuals. We attended all the shows we could and
talked with every Red breeder we could locate. In the
summer of 1917 we made the second purchase from Owen
Farms, this time a higher class pen than the first. A
very peculiar coincidence in comparing this pen with the
first, was the fact that the same percentage of females
proved good as breeders. Two out of the four were well
worth the initial cost of the entire pen. As this addition to
our flock was primarily to improve color, etc., it might
not come amiss to pass a few remarks on their particular
characteristics, and, later, in tracing the relationship in
some pedigrees the influence can readily be seen.

18 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

The male was a descendant of a very fine show bird.
We named this cock bird “Daddy” and his depth of color,
which was augmented by some excess black, has been very
instrumental in the improvement ef the color all down the
line. One of his mates, No. 5, was also a color feeder,
carrying more excess black than many would care to use.
In some of her progeny this showed up strong, but usually,
even though the male was clean, we knew he was a descend-
ant of either a dam or a sire having some excess color and
we have now learned to use the No. 5 bloed with far above
the average resulis. No. 7 was a clean female of splen-
did bone and type. She was above the Standard in weight
and was one of the finest typed hens I have ever seen.
At sight we could almost pick her offspring from the
squareness of their shoulders. This can be plainly noticed
in three of the chicks whose pictures appear in cuts No.
28, No. 29, and No. 38. While the No. 9 family show
wonderfully good type, this No. 7 hen seemed to have a
remarkable ability to perpetuate type.

The four females in this pen were mated as bought,
and No. 9 added to them. She was a good shaped pullet
of fair color and great vigor, entirely clean.

“Daddy” was a fine breeder. He produced a goodly
number of splendid layers but the star performer was No.
9. Mated with him she gave us eleven daughters, laying
thus: No. 25—235, No. 783—-265, No. 94—232, No. 96—
221, No. 99—232, No. 15—220, No. 67—248, No. 41-—214,
No. 40—207, No. 22—209, No. 76—206. This made us feel
that we had material to make all nests trapnests, provided
we could work out a scheme of breeding which would
perpetuate this producing ability without deterioration
of Standard Qualities we were working on.

The fact that one hen alone had the power to transmit
production to so many convinced us absolutely that pro-
duction was at least fifty per cent of breeding.

Having a slight knowledge of the process of produc-
tion breeding as practiced by cattle breeders we knew the
same principles would apply. We also knew that crop
breeding was done in the vegetable world by means of
studied propagation and selection and we started in to

,
of 4 r
Brat F's

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 19

think deeply..

In working with No. 9, who is, after all, the real foun-
dation of our success, we followed these principles and,
emulating the cattle man, used as much of her blood in as

21.—Number 9 hatched 1917, dam of 23 females laying from 201
to 301. Taken July 23, 1922.

22.—Number 67, 1918, out of No. 9, sired by “Daddy” (unrelated).
Laid 243 eggs first year, 288 second year. Taken July 23, 1922.

23.—Number 31, 1919, out of No. 9, sired by “Danny” (half broth-
er). Laid 252 eggs first year, 187 second year. Taken July 238, 1922.

24.—Number 37, 1920, out of No. 9, sired by “lip Toe 3d. (grand-
son of No. 67). Laid 259 eggs first year. Taken July 28, 1922.

25.—Number 172, 1921, out of No. 9, sired hy “Sporty” (unre-
lated). Taken July 23, 1922.

26.—Baby 1922, out of No. 9, sired by “Tinker” (grandson out
of No. 79). Note strong resemblance to No. 31 and dam No. 9.

many combinations as we possibly could. We mated her
as an individual to as many different males and her dangeh-

20 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

ters also. Sons she did not produce—neither in quality
nor in quantity. In fact only three males have been of a
usable character from her in all her years of breeding.
We have found, however, that some of her granddaugh-
ters went to the other extreme and one or two have been
almost solely cockerel breeders. Today, eight out of ten
birds in our matings have her blood and some are fully
three-fourths her blood, pure. Many of the 1922 chicks
trace back to her several times on both dam and sire side.

The first year’s work with Daddy was extra satisfy-
ing. However, the first pen produced such strong layers
that we decided for one year to reconcentrate the original
blood of this pen. Several people told us we would have
weak stock if we mated half brother and sister but we
took a chance and a mighty advisable one it proved. A
son of No. 3, Danny, whose picture may be seen in cut
No. 33, was mated with her and the results in production
excelled the first year’s werk with her. In this year she
produced 222 eggs, a creditable SECOND year’s lay. Mat-
ed with Danny she produced our 301-egg hen, an achieve-
ment of great merit, as along with this phenomenal hen
were several others of truly high production.

Many times as I look back on our first groping ex-
periments in mating I wonder that we got along as well
as we did. There seemed some impetus over which we
had no control that urged us to make certain combinations.
One man recently told me he thought it might be an add-
ed sense. He called it “hen sense”.

Since we have studied our birds and the combination
of them I have decided that one bird, to whom little credit
has been given, was really the breeding strength of the
flock. This was the old bird we bought first, “TAT”.

The fact that his daughter mated to his son produced
females laying better than when either was mated to an
unrelated male, impresses me with his real breeding value.
Another thing was the fact that sisters of both No. 9 and
Danny were high producers. We have only come to this
decision since old Tat went to chicken heaven. One may
also consider the fact that the progeny from No. 9 that
carries the largest amount of her blood—which must he

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 21

one-half that of her sire—shows the very strength of his
breeding worth by the marked individual resemblance
which is so pronounced when compared with her progeny
sired by an unrelated male.

After mating No. 9 with Danny and producing No.
79—301, No. 85—277, No. 114—254, No. 127—217, No.
31—252, No. 74—201, No. 88—243, No. 81—229, we were
tempted to make the same mating the next year. We did
not do so, placing her instead with her grandson out of hen
No. 67. This year she disappointed us as she molted and
commenced her third year’s lay January 17. She laid a
good clutch of eggs and then had another partial molt,
the cause of which we could never discover. It retarded
her production. This made her run of chicks small but in
spite of that we added four more high record females to
her progeny. These laid 227-230-231 and 259, the latter
being hen No. 37 in cut No. 24. Her fourth breeding year,
1921, produced some of the best colored chicks we have
had from her. In this case she was mated to another pur-
chase from Owen Farms, an entirely unrelated male, a very
showy bird. 'The females from this mating have done, so
far, great credit to their dam. The present year, 1922,
she was again thrown back to her own line by mating to
another grandson, out of hen No. 79. Tinker has proven a
good breeder and the resemblance of chicks from No. 9
mated to him can be noted at a glance. Note also the
resemblance to their dam of No. 31 and No. 79.

This hereditary resemblance is very interesting to the
student of genetics, and has, I am sure, a strong breeding
significance. To try to follow much of this work is too
much of a statistical operation and would not interest or
help the average breeder. I hope some time to have ac-
cumulated data enough to make a work on just these top-
ics of some value. The process of the evolution of our
breeding and work is more interesting just now.

Culling vs. Trapnest

In 1919 we became interested in comparing the physi-
cal conformation of the hens we were trapnesting with
their actual werk in the trapnest. At that time we got the
“Call of the Hen” and studied it assiduously as so many
others have done. Like many others we tried to apply
the tests literally without the use of judgment. The trap-
nest contradicted us so many times it was like getting a
slap in the face. Reading the rules of culling according to
the physical conformation of the hen appealed to our
reason but it did not always follow out. We could not re-
concile ourselves to certain facts. One was that one hen
which we knew had laid 250 eggs was a subject which these

$8 MoS
AECL PON
Bans

14.—Mr. Daniels reading lee band—Note orange box trapnest.

15.—The finished product waiting for truck. Showing one, two
and pen size shipping boxes and various size egg baskets. Note holes
in end of box to supply hot weather ventilation. Square box at right
is foreign egg shipment. Note new water cups on steps, more eggs
for shipment and the smile that keeps the Reds laying.

tests would eliminate as a beef type of hen. Her pelvic
bones were heavy, she had a rather coarse head and was
really a good meat type proposition. We did not at that
time note her great breadth of back, which breadth ex-
tended to the base of her tail; neither did we know about
the elasticity of the sternal processes nor the relative size
of the gizzard.

As we learned these things both by additional reading
and observation I am led to say there is just one way to
judge a hen’s possible production by her body conforma-

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 23

tion, and that is to take her producing characteristics as
a whole. Study her symmetry as related to all possible
producing indications rather than any one, two or three
characteristics. A judge in the show room looks for sym-
metry ina bird. This counts high and the same principles
must be applied to production. The correlation of one
part to another is vitally important.

In this way we have learned to reconcile ourselves to
many things that otherwise would still be a mystery.
There is one thing however, which is still an unknown
quantity, and that is the hen that shows all the outward
indications of production, even so far as going to the nest
to lay and coming off without so doing. This hen, and
there are quite a lot of them, is a puzzler and I am trying
to find out the “why’s and wherefore’s” of her. She is
surely the arch deceiver.

There are a number of seemingly trifling things we
have observed that I feel sure are of much importance in
selecting the layer. One is the head of the heavy pro-
ducer. There is a built-for-business look about it which
the observing poultryman notes at once. The beak is no-
ticeably strong and the head back of the blade of the
comb is broad in proportion to the rest of her. There is
always a shortness from beak to eye and a roundness
which, while hard to describe, is easily recognizable. Her
eye is active and she seems to note with intelligence what
is going on, yet for all this alertness she is easily tamed
and never squawks into a veritable panic like her low pro-
ducing sisters. Another thing I have never read is that,
while she may weigh even more than her low producing
sister, there is a buoyancy and lightness when you lift her
that a poor hen never has. One who has closely followed
the trapnest will notice these things quicker than one
who does not handle their birds frequently. I honestly
think I could look at the heads and pick from a roost or
nest a bunch of Reds and pick ninety per cent of the good
ones in a flock without any other test, so sure have I be-
come in making decisions. Of course this would have to be
hens in full lay or nearly so.

Care Relative to Production

So closely related to production and vigor are care
and feeding that it seems the best place to sketch our
experiences is right here, following the outline of some
points in breeding and selection which we have encoun-
tered. I was much impressed at Amherst last July to note
the stress placed on the balance of care and breeding in
production and this has proven out in our own work time
and time again.

In the first of our work we had to learn by experience,
and bitter experience, the lessons now seemingly so el-
emental, those of sanitation and clean food. The fact
that I have not forgotten these vears has made it possible
for 1ae to give help to many beginners who have brought
their problems to me in the past three years. At that time
moldy grain or musty sprouted oats meant nothing to us.
Grain was grain and a hen was a hen and could eat any-
thing. We had to learn by actual loss as do most, that
there were certain danger points that could not be over-
looked.

One of the most expensive lessons was, I think, in the
second year of our work. We made a “buy” of cracked
corn. It was soft corn that had not fully ripened in the
field. The result was that a short time after we had it
delivered it commenced to mold. Hens were sick, oh, so
sick! We could not locate the cause and thought we had
imported disease from some source. Every case of sick-
ness was the same, a packed crop and bowel trouble. This
led me to feel sure there was some local cause over which
we must have some control. I commenced to read every
poultry disease suggestion I could get hold of, and in sev-
eral found very distinct warning against moldy grain or
spoiled food. I then tried to wash the corn and tried all
sorts of stunts. Finally we had sense enough to stop feed-
ing it and commence treatment. I got a small funnel and
a piece of syringe tube and started in with all the birds
that were ill and, you may believe there were plenty. I
knew that the spoiled grain must be gotten out of the crop
and that at once, so I started a washing process, using

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 25

warm water and baking soda. What the poor hens thought
I do not know, but I do know I was as sick as they were.
By degrees I worked the poisonous mass out of their crops
and by care and attention brought them back to health.
We had not at that time given any special attention to
production, but I well remember that the entire egg yield
dropped very low during that time.

With sprouted oats we went through the usual ex-
periences as with all sorts of experiments. We soaked oats
in warm water, in cold water, soaked them all night and
twenty-four hours, soaked them in formalin solution and
clear water. We tried wooden pails, galvanized and enam-
eled pails to soak them in. We scrubbed and sunned trays
and threw out oats enough to feed an army of hens until
we got onto the very simple and effective method we now
use, with seldom a bad oat. In cuts No. 9 and No. 10 are
Shown our present method very plainly. The pan under
the bags was made especially for this as was also the frame
on which they hang. The following is the method we use
so successfully :

The required number of oats are placed in one of the
bags each night. These bags are made of a cheap grade
of unbleached muslin. The bag of oats is placed in a pail
of water at night. In cold weather this is slightly warm,
in summer time we use it cold. In the morning they are
hung on the rod. On the fifth day the first bag is ready
to feed and figure No. 10 shows them being emptied into
pails for feeding. Note the wonderful mass of silvery
roots. The bag in the cut had just two and one half quarts
of oats in when put to soak. After the bag is emptied it
is washed in hot soapsuds. Of course the oats in the bags
are dipped in water as required to keep them growing and
it is surprising how very dirty the bags get. The feeding
of sprouted oats is a religion with us and every day every
bird over one month old has its quota.

Many people have commented upon the luxuriant
growth of green in our runs in spite of the large number
of chicks and hens on a rather restricted urea. This is
due in no small degree to the regular use of sprouted oats
as well as cut clover in the hens’ mash. Both of these

26 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

things have been indirectly helpful in soil sanitation by 4
permitting the growth of greens which care for the pos- :

9.—Sprouting oats in bags back of kitchen range.

10.—Mr. Daniels emptying sprouted oats.

11.—Feeding cockerels sprouted oats. Arrow points to old
Apel among the youngsters. Note combination E. C. Young range
houses,

12.—Feeding sprouted oats to mixed lot of chicks on range.

13.—Three months o'd pullets eating sprouted oats. Note troughs
used for worm mash every two weeks.

sibility of soil contamination and act as a natural disin- .
fectant.
Today, after much loss and worry—loss of both birds

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 27

and feed—we know that it is absolutely impossible to be
too particular and careful as to the quality of the feed that
is used by the poultryman. Any question of doubt is re-
ferred to a strong reading glass, which will show up bad
grain that the naked eve cannot distinguish. When there
is then any question of doubt we simply pass up the feed
because the loss of one good hen will mean far more than
the loss of some poor feed. Without doubt a large per-
centage of poultry illness is caused entirely by spoiled
food, consequently, it is entirely preventable.

Little by little eack year we have learned to closer un-
derstand the needs of the hen. This delicately constructed
machine has certain rules of care that are just as impor-
tant as the care of any highly specialized work of man,
even more so. I wish every one who reads this would tust
consider a moment and see if they can think of anything
man has constructed or invented that in any way com-
pares with the marvel of the hen?

I am often asked for rules governing the care of the
hen, just simple little “do’s and don’ts” that will cover the
vital points. <A list of ten, which I call the hen’s ten
commandments, is as follows, and is certainly the A BC
of success with production and care of any hen:

iL Breed for Vigor.

Za Cull:

3. No Lice.

4. No Mites.

5. No Intestinal Worms.

6. Cleanliness—Absolutely.

7. Soil Sanitation.

8. Never Overcrowd.

9. The Right Food and Drink.

10. Quiet and Gentle Care at All Times.

Get the right kind of stock and follow these rules
after learning all that they encompass, and success is
bound to come. Not one of these rules can be omitted
or broken without showing its effect. The more one can
add to them the better the results. Poultry care is no
work for the shirker or the lazy man or woman.

Feeding

The details of poultry care have been written about so
constantly and discussed through so many avenues of
instruction it would seem to the experienced poultry man
that anything more would not be necessary. However,
anyone who has heard poultrymen talking will realize
that some of the most important subjects—and those most
universally talked about—have very much to do with how
“Jones” and “Smith” rear their chicks, how they feed their
layers and breeders and the problems of housing. This
shows that all the good points have not as yet been cor-
nered by anyone. In my work of conducting three ser-
vice bureaus, I find that—outside of actual illness—ninety
per cent of the inquiries from all over the world have to
do with just these problems, and I am going into some of
the most important ones quite in detail.

In connection with the service bureau work I found
so many inquiries had such a personal aspect concerning
the feeding of Reds, many asking outright for our meth-
od, that I cut a stencil and turned out some mimeograph
sheets with which to supply this information. I am du-
plicating them exactly as used for this purpose. This
includes our entire feeding schedule from the day a chick
is hatched to its finis. We have never been able to get a
commercial dry mash meeting our needs. This season we
are to use the Grandin feeds on a check pen and learn
just what can be done along this line with a feed that is
built and sold on quality. If this works out satisfactorily
it will be a boon, as well as a labor saver, as the careful
weighing and mixing of mash at home is a task of no
mean proportion and better done, when done satisfactor-
ily, by machine than by hand power.

Daniels’ Breeding-Laying Feed Formula
By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass.
Do not feed’ baby chicks until forty-eight hours old.
Brood first week at 100 degrees.
First feed: Sour milk, buttermilk or semi-solid but-

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 29

termilk. Sweet bread rubbed fine, mixed with baby chick
grit. Feed thrice daily.

After the third day give access to open feeder of: Two
parts bran, one part granulated (table) corn meal. This
by measure.

At the end of the first month change mash to:

One part middlings. . One part ground hulled oats.
Two parts hominy. Two parts bran.

5 per cent Protox (or other high grade) beef scrap.
The above by WEIGHT.
Chick scratch grain, by measure:
Two parts cracked corn. One part steel cut wheat.
One part rolled oats.

After the first month use larger grain but the same
proportion of each.

Breeding-laying mash (change from growing mash by
degrees when pullets commence to redden and sing) :

5° : =

GL aS oo ee ee 10 per cent
Corn Mealior Hominy -2--=— ~~. 20 per cent
OLAS 1p 6 ere aN Ngee 15 per cent
Ground Hulled Oats __.___---- 15 per cent
IGM CCU eee. a ae Se A 10: per cent
Curtiss: Cut Clover 2s 22: %2. 8 10 per cent
Old “Process Oil Meal 3... 22 _ 5 per cent
Protox: Beet Scrap, =... 422 2 15 per cent

This mash by WEIGHT.

Scratch for hens is fed in deep litter, lightly in the
morning, with good feed at night and increase of night feed
when weather is very cold. This consists of:

Three parts cracked corn
One part oats

One part wheat (7 <=.
By measure. Be

Sprouted oats are fed at noon all the year round after
four weeks of age. Semisolid buttermilk (or sour milk)
in fount, also water in another all the time. Milk should
never be fed in tin or galvanized iron. Use earthen or
enameled ware.

Ovster shells, grit, and charcoal, should always be

30 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

available. Keep birds free from vermin with Happy Hen
Lice Salve and house free from mites with Carbolineum.
Remove any ailing bird from pens as soon as noted. Treat
for ailment or kill. We will gladly give free any service -
in any difficulty vou may meet.

Now remember that we have not gone into the feeding
of poultry from a scientific standpoint. We have merely
kept experimenting to get a reasonable ration that would
keep the flock in good condition, net over stimulate, yet
make a good showing in production of eggs that would
hatch good chicks.

We have found one thing of great interest. In our
work we have used the Magic Ege Tester a great deal
and have found it an interesting study. The noting of
the specific gravity of an egg has three factors back of it.
One is heredity. A hen laying a good testing egg will
produce females, that, given the same care, will as a rule
lay a like egg. I have tested many eggs, isolating a hen
and using other feed combinations and found that when
feed was changed, the specific gravity of the egg went
much below the same hen’s egg with our ration. Have
had other people make a like report.

In feeding poultry there are two factors that play
very important parts in success. One is the way the feed
is fed and the other is the quality of the feed itself. The
best feed in the world, when mismanaged, never gives its
full worth of results—and poor feed has the same dis-
appointing feature no matter how carefully fed. Good
food rightly used is positively necessary to make any hen
give her best service. She may be a XX hen, a 250-ege
hen and pedigreed for ten generations, a perfect show
specimen, or a combination of all three, but unless she
is cared for and fed with a liberal application of good old-
fashioned common sense (which is as rare as hen’s teeth)
and the best of food, she will never live up to her possibili-
ties.

The chicks we have grown from year to year have met
our demand. They improve each year which is, to my
mind, proof that we have, in a measure, done our work

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 31

right. The quality and improvement in quality in the
chicks, from year to year, is the proof of the pudding. If
the young show steady increase in desirable qualities,
health, vigor, production, standard qualities, etc., there is
not much doubt as to the success of the methods, what-
ever they are. The fact that our stock has shown all
these desirable qualities is one thing which made me con-
sent to prepare a sketch of our work, as I have perfect
confidence in our methods.

We are asked many times concerning the feeding of
semi-solid buttermilk to breeders. Why not? The food
that will make a chick strong and healthy should make an
ege contain the same elements that will produce a chick
of extra vigor.

Then, again, the cut clover comes in for discussion.
We are told many times it contains too much bulk, that
hens cannot lay well on so much fiber. Our trapnesting
has disproved the latter argument and I always call at-
tention to the grazing habit of the hen when she has a
chance to follow her own inclinations. She will eat grass
or clover on range, in the morning, all day, and even at
night after her full supper feed of grain. Clover, proper-
ly cured, as can be supplied by the W. R. Curtiss Co.,
of Ransomville, N. Y., is one of the finest substitutes for
range grass there is, and it is much more desirable than
tough old grass in late summer and fall. It gives the
hen almost as good food as she could obtain on the most
perfect range. The vegetable protein in dry cut clover
is very high and is in a very easily digested form. There are
other elements in it which make for health and assist in
giving the intensive poultry keeper a good imitation of
natural conditions. Fed in the mash as we use it, it will
materially help in keeping the yards green, thus being an
indirect help to prevent soil contamination.

The rest of our feeding is very ordinary for the most
part. The Old Process Oil Meal is sometimes spoken of
and the reason for its use inquired into. I consider it
an indirect egg food. In this way—as we use it, it is prim-
arily an aid to good heavy plumage. Birds that are to
produce heavily in cold weather must be well clothed and

32 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

anything which helps in the production of feathers with-
out drawing on the maintenance or production portion
of the hens’ ration will aid. If they use the elements
from their regular food to make feathers, the egg yield
will surely drop. Many of our birds lay well during the
entire molt. Naturally, we do not try to make them, but,
if they do, with the same care the others are getting, we
consider them all the more valuable. Any hen that will
molt, lay a reasonable number of eggs and hold up good
body weight, all at the same time, is a good breeding
proposition. Just here the O. P. Oil Meal fills the bill.

In my service bureau work I have had feathers from
all over the world sent to me, and it is seldom we receive
any that have the body of those from our own birds. This
thick feathering makes a bird hard feathered, which has
often been pointed out as an indication of a good layer.
I truly feel the oil meal is a strong factor in this.

In this respect, I often hesitate to enumerate on the
value of some of the things we have found so satisfactory,
because the mistake of thinking that if a little is good, a
lot is better, is often made. I frequently think of a story
Dr. Sanborn used to tell: A person was advised to use
sulphur and lard for head lice on chickens. Promptly
the chicks were covered with the mixture and as promptly
died. It certainly pays to give careful directions for the
use of anything and also, in turn, for the user to follow
them.

For many years we used the ordinary ground oats.
This contains an unbelievable amount of undigestible
fiber as we learned when we comimenced sifting it to get
suitable ground oats for small chicks, after constant
request for ground HULLED oats we finally obtained
same through our grain dealer. This costs considerable
more than ordinary ground oats, but it is well worth the
difference as there is practically no surplus of fiber. We
feel, positively, that it is better to feed a fiber or roughage
which the birds relish, such as cut clover. Since using
the ground HULLED oats we have not had a case of in-
digestion in any of the older birds, nor in any of the flock
of nearly 800 chicks. With the latter we have used from

‘

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 33

the start the rolled oats in place of the usual whole oats
in the scratch, and this I am sure has been an added ad-
vantage. There is no better bone builder than oats but the
disadvantage has been the excess amount of undigestible
hull.

Many times we are asked regarding hominy. We pre-
fer this to corn meal after the chicks have passed the
baby stage. The feeding value is as good as corn meal
and there is no danger of spoilage as it is a cooked prod-
uct. It will not heat and “go bad” as corn meal is lable
to do under certain conditions. Then, again, we know
that bad corn is often ground up and put on the market
in the form of corn meal. We feel that our dealer would
never knowingly, sell us such a product, but there is al-
ways the possibility that he might have something put over
him. For the small chicks we use the table corn meal,
buying from a wholesale grocer in 100 pound lots only,
thus being sure of its freshness.

The importance of high-grade beef scraps cannot be
over estimated. High grade scraps are made by butchers
from clean trimmings, while the cheaper stuff—render-
ing works— is from dead carcasses of diseased animals,
ete. The difference is obvious to the most casual. Per
sonally, I do not want to knowingly eat eggs made from
the latter class of protein, although we have to admit that
the hen is a wonderful chemist and can transform the
most obnoxious of material into edible eggs.

Sanitation

All through the process of poultry culture, sanitation
plays an important part. It cannot be too emphatically
impressed on the poultry raising public. True sanita-
tion does not stop with clean dropping boards. It in-
cludes sanitation as applied to any living conditions, the
cleanliness of all things used—feeders, drinking founts,
litter especially the soil on which the young stock is
erown. The very manner of the hen’s eating calls for
clean feeding floor and ground.

In our first few years’ work we did not rear chicks
enough to anywhere near tax the limit of our area, but,
as a demand came for them and we saw improvement in
them—warranting our making the selling of good birds
as high class breeders, we commenced to increase our out-
put. Each year the garden has grown less, until this
season it is a thing of memory only.

Neither of us had any real knowledge of soil contami-
nation. We thought all that was necessary was to seed
down occasionally and keep the worst of the filth cleaned
up. After some hard knocks we found that attention to
soil sanitation was just as important as to make the
houses clean. Year by year we have learned more about
this subject and this year, while our area is well covered
with chicks—after several years of intensive work on the
same plot—we have the best chicks we ever had.

A great deal has been said in the past two years about
raising chicks on new ground. That is all very well, and is
necessary where a person has not the gumption to make
the old ground clean. In that case it must be done. At-
tending to this to bring results is no boy’s job. Liming
and seeding and keeping a constant heavy growth of green
stuff—enough to use up the accumulation of droppings—
is a steady job, and one that cannot be “let up” on. Na-
ture, in this way, has a chance to do her part. The heavy
use of lime on heavy soil each year releases the nitrogen
which is the element making top growth and this in turn
cleans the soil.

Concerning the right soil for poultry, much has been

Be:
;
ey

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

co
ol

said, but I think the right man is more important than
the right soil. I have known of poultry yards, situated
on the most ideal soil, where coccidiosis, gapes, tapeworms
and all other forms of “bug” were so thick there was no
chance for the chicks. This was on the so-called “ideal”
sandy soil with perfect drainage. Other places I have
seen, with like condition, where the soil in the hen yards
was so packed it was necessary to use a bar to break the
crust. Sickness was of course evident, under such con-
ditions; still, if these people wrote a college or any per-
son for help, they would invariably say, “My soil is ideal
for poultry, being quite sandy, with perfect drainage.”
This is the DISADVANTAGE of ideal conditions. Every-
thing was swinging on the natural condition and no care
taken of it. A good loam which will grow a heavy foliage
will, I am sure, give much better results, even with the
same lack of care.

The average poultryman cannot select his soil—at
least, not when he is working with a back yard flock.
This is merely supplementary to some other business. Of
course if he is going into it in earnest he has a better
chance to make something of a selection.

The most trouble comes from the feeding spots. The
feed is almost always thrown in one place and this soon be-
comes bare and filthy. We have found that the use of sand
on these places takes away all danger. In the early spring
or late fall we have a large pile drawn in at $1.25 per cart
buck, and it is the cheapest disinfectant we can get hold
of. A barn broom is used to clean up the feeding places
and the refuse is loaded into a barrow and taken off, with
a return of some fresh sand. This is done every ten days
or less, especially when rainy, making the feeding spots
just as good as fresh soil. In cuts No. 12 and No. 13,
these sand spots can be seen very plainly.

The cleanliness of the poultry house has a lot of influ-
ence on health and, consequently, on production. <A. lot
is written about sanitation of the henhouse. By sanita-
tion is meant CLEANLINESS, which means free from
filth. Just because a building is inhabited by hens is no
reason it cannot be clean. Human beings have learned the

36 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

lack of sanitation in their own life means disease and
trouble. A hen is simply another living creature with
the same functions of life, requiring the same considera-
tion and protection. Taken from her wild state and do-
mesticated for man’s pleaste and profit—a wonderful
food producing machine, more marvelous than Radio,
more valuable than the “ULizzie’—she is so often given
less consideration than the grass which grows. There is
one salve, though, for the real poultry man or woman and
that is—that the persons who make little of the hen are,
as a rule, very fond of all good things to eat which are
so dependent on the hen.

I know you will think I am a fanatic. Possibly I am.
I hope so, if it is necessary to be one to have ordinary
humane consideration of one of the most valuable gifts
to man. The real poultry man or woman thinks first of
the hen. Just the same with any person with a good
business. AI] successful business men have put their life
blood into their work. Poultry work is as much of a
business as the U. S. Steel. Why not consider the hen
first? If one is making their bread and butter with their
poultry and hopes in the future to have a little cake, why
should it not be the strongest element in their life. A satis-
factorily conducted poultry business requires the appli-
cation of every business principle. Can you think of any
really successful business, manufacturing or other, that
would countenance the filthy conditions too often seen
on a poultry plant?

In this connection the elimination of all parasites
comes under the head of sanitation, because that is one of
the prime factors in getting rid of them and keeping rid
of them. The old woman said it was no disgrace to find
a bed bug, but it was a disgrace to keep them.

I have frequently received letters from various people
telling me that they had only a few mites and that their
hens were not very lousy or that occasionally they found
a worm on the dropping board but not many. Now this
is temporizing with trouble. One mite, one louse, one
worm and it is time to get busy. The way in which they

baie,

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 37

will increase is simply unbelievable. There is no need to
tolerate any of these pests for a day.

The mite comes first. His habit is the same as the bed
bug. In fact, I believe he belongs to the same family. His
is the mission of sapping the blood from various birds
on the roosts or the chicks in the brooder. There is one
thing which means, absolutely, sure death to the mite.
Carbolineum. Read the ad in this book. All range coops
are painted once a year. Jt is all that is needed. Each
pen in the Jaying houses has an extra roost. This is
treated and allowed to dry and then put in place of an-
other which is painted and so on until all are done. The
result is that for four years I have not seen a mite. Be-
fore then I was tugging buckets of spray and pump several
times a week, and especially on the hottest days. Of course
the Carbolineum makes the range houses dark but in only
three foot depth that is of little matter. In breeding pens
the place at the end of the roost, where roost hangs on
any support, is also coated. It is also applied to the drop-
ping boards and it is a help in scraping them in frosty
weather, as the droppings do not stick nearly as hard as
when frozen. While there are many substitutes on the
market, no one will ever regret the use of Carbolineum.

Many salves and powders are on the market for body
lice. Personally, I wonder how a powder is ever sold. I
never would subject high-bred production hens to the shak-
ing up necessary in the application of powder. We use the
Happy Hen Salve and find it O. Ix. It will not separate
in hot weather, will not blister, and will not injure fer-
tility. It is also fine for scaley leg, and for depluming
mites. A large number of birds can be cared for in a
single evening, saving much upsetting of the flock and
time for the caretaker.

Intestinal parasites are a less superficial matter to get
rid of. To my mind prevention is better than cure. After
a bird has been infested with intestinal worms to the ex-
tent that it shows in its appearance, that bird has received
a great setback. It will require considerable time to re-
eain the vigor that has been lost. The span of a hen’s

38 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

life is so short that she cannot afford to spend much time
recuperating from any sort of ailment.

For many seasons we thought, as do many persons
writing me, that a few worms were no cause for uneasi-
ness, as all animals are more or less affected with them.
However, we learned that it was necessary to get rid of
them. We used tobacco, turpentine, etc. These prepar-
ations did the trick but the shock to the bird’s systems
seemed too great, as it was necessary to starve them in
order to make them eat the stuff. About this time we got
hold of “Hubbards Poultry Secrets” and he made a great
deal of reference to worms and recommended garlic. This
was the best yet. It eliminated the worms and the birds
were simply crazy about it. We tried to grow it but our
soil was not adapted for it, and it proved a failure because
we were not always able to get it and when we could, the
price was almost prohibitive for any extensive use, being
anywhere from twenty-five to forty cents per pound. We
kept experimenting and at last took up another Happy
Hen product—the worm powder made by them. It fills
the bill and we now use it regularly as a preventive and
I candidly state that it has been instrumental in the fine
condition of our 1922 flock. In cut No. 138 can be seen
troughs up against the building (back of Mr. Daniels)
which are used the 1st and 15th of each month for this
purpose. This remedy does not shock the bird’s system.

Ordinary care in these things will have a marked in-
fluence on any flock. It will make them disease resisting
and, consequently, more able to withstand the changes
of our New England climate.

Speaking of the New England climate makes me think
of the little boy who was asked by his teacher to write
an essay on the advantages of the New England climate.
This is what he wrote:

The Advantages of The New England Climate

“There ain’t none. In summer my pa works all the
time to pay the ice bill. In the winter my pa works all
the time to pay the coal bill’—John Dean.

This is about so, as we have some great variations in
temperature in very short intervals of time.

ae

Mating and Culling

Successful mating of Reds is based on careful selec-
tion, and selection is begun with rigid culling. I am
asked many times, in the course of a year, how we make
the sacrifice of color necessary many times to get produc-
tion and vice versa. In the first place, in our work, we
dispose of all the birds that are not fairly representative
of the breed, at an early age; hence, we do not have these
to consider. Males are marketed, while pullets that are
poor in color or too poor in type are sold as early as they
can be identified to various people wishing for just a pen
of egg producers. This eliminates any chance of partial-
ity later on when these birds are older and a desire for egg
production above all else touches us, as it will, at times,
any practical poultryman. Good color and type that does
not prove out in production are picked out before the
breeding season as by careful watching of the trapnest
the poor birds can almost without exception be found by
the first of February. Of course there are some birds that
lay with considerable winter intensity, yet do not finish out
a creditable year. These are the ones, especially if good as
individuals, that test the mettle of the breeder when cull-
ing. They are breeding uncertainties and are best off the
program.

Insofar as our work has gone we find that color has
absolutely nothing to do with production. In other words

there is no correlation between the poor color and high pro-

duction as so many have tried to make us think. Our first
consideration is high production, but this without due re-
gard to reasonable color and breed type is not a good
breeding foundation.

I know a large plant that works for high production
alone, and their slogan seems to be “It is impossible to
serve two masters at once.” Hence—they claim, along
with many others, that production and good Standard
qualities, even to show quality, cannot be combined in the
same bird. We have not gone very far in the production
of real show birds, not, as yet, making any claim to ex-
hibition quality, but the work we have done and the con-

40 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

sistent improvements from season to season, resulting in
a higher production average, proves to me that there is
just one obstacle to accomplhshing this end. That is the
lack of will to perservere and study with this definite
object as an end. As regards the serving of two masters
at the same time, in this connection, I feel like going one
step further and in place of that slogan use something
to the effect that it is desirable and possible to combine
both qualities into one harmonious whole, the object. be-
ing to produce Standard-bred birds that will lay a credit-
able number of eggs. In this there is but one master,
although, possibly, a rather exacting one.

In breeding Reds there are certain laws that have to
be taken into consideration in the breeding of either ex-
hibition or production stock and these have to be even
more carefully observed when a combination of the two is
effected. In both cases—or shall we say all three, as they
represent different attitudes toward poultry breeding—
the prepotency of the breeding material is an important
factor. Unless birds have the power to transmit to their
progeny the qualities wanted in the flock, little progress
will be made, and in working at first with any stock the
main object should be to find the best birds as regards
quality, using parent stock having this quality. As a safe
foundation, vigor should be considered first of all. Vigor
may be bred into a flock just as readily as five point
combs, red eyes, etc. No matter what object is in view,
in poultry breeding, or what combination of objects, vigor
is first of all. Especially in production does this hold
true. The bird lacking in vitality, for any reason, will not
hold up under heavy production.

Prepotency holds an important place in production.
It has one splendid advantage, without which it would
be almost a will-o’-the-wisp, that is, it has the power of
reproducing itself. As a rule, a bird strong in prepotency
begets the same strong point in his offspring.

Many people place too great stress on feeding as the
source of high production. Feeding is part of the battle,
but two other elements are just exactly as important. The
production triangle to my mind is Breeding, Feeding and

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 41

Care. One without either of the others is like a ship
without a rudder. You may be sure in flocks that pro-
duce well there is 33 1-3 per cent of each of these factors,
which make up the whole. All the feed in Christendom,
without proper care, and fed to poor birds, will not bring
any but ordinary results. Just the same with well-bred
birds poorly cared for and fed improperly. Or, with the
best of feed and birds not rightly combined.

‘We have learned that in order to realize the height of
our ambitions it has been, is, and will be necessary to
sacrifice many of the superficial things of life. Many start
with a wonderful spurt of enthusiasm but lack staying
qualities. To such people I would suggest that they em-
ploy themselves with inanimate things. Then, when in-
terest lags and the body tires they can take that ‘sighed
for” vacation and nothing will suffer through neglect. The
care of God’s creatures, whether hens, hogs or cattle is
a man sized job.

To the one willing to count the cost there is an open
road to success. Start with quality. The road is too long
to waste time on inferior stock of any kind. This does
not necessarily mean that your birds be show winners,
preferably not, for the ordinary man. As the foundation
of the flock. use birds that can be recognized as Standard
bred without a placard. A good test, were it possible,
would be to put the Standard into the hands of someone
never having heard of Rhode Island Reds. Let them look
at the birds under consideration and then find that bird
in the Standard. If they could locate them the birds
should be pretty representative of the breed.

When the start is made, do not expect every bird to
produce 200 eggs nor to beget all 100 per cent chicks. In
picking the good ones remember it is also necessary to find
the poor ones and, in a way, it adds to the interest. If
50 per cent of the stock you start with proves good as
breeding material-—shake hands with yourself.

Start with quality, not quantity. For the first year
four females should supply all the chicks that one can
study and work effectively with. In our first year’s work
with the pen headed by old Tat, we hatched, from the

42 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

four hens, close to 200 chicks, rearing 180 to maturity.

If such a pen is correctly mated, it is possible during
the succeeding year, to have your families to work with.
If the majority of these prove good, the next season there
is material for an almost indefinite number of lines. Many
will do well for a short time and then prove of little value
and have to be discarded. If your original purchase proves
good, return to the same breeder for “new” blood. Tell
him what you have accomplished and especially tell him
of the weak points in your matings. If he is worth his
salt he will take a keen interest im your work and in help-
ing you advance. In case you are entirely dissatisfied
with the results from any stock you have and feel a change
advisable, do not bawl out the first breeder to the second.
Say nothing about him, but do tell him what you have
and what you have not in stock. Remember, in buying
Reds, there are only a few main arteries, the other strains
being tributary veins.

Constructive breeding is best attained by trapnesting.
Not that many good birds have not been produced out-
side of the trapnested plant. They surely have; some
wonders. The drawback in this is the necessity of using
too many birds to get the desired results, and not knowing
which are the good ones.

Trapnesting to get the records of a bunch of commer-
cial egg hens is a waste of time. The real value of the
trapnest is in the pedigree possibilities when it is used.
By trapnesting and pedigreeing the chicks, with careful
records, it is possible to know how each bird was produced.
As history repeats itself it is comparatively easy to lo-
cate the combination of birds that produce the poor ones
and not make the same combination in another year’s
work.

This applies to all the points desired in a flock. Pro-
duction, vigor, color, type, etc. When it is possible to
identify the mating producing some very fine character-
istics, it is mighty interesting and instructive to study the
male and female producing it.

Inferior shelled and colored eggs can, to a great ex-
tent, be influenced. For example. A hen lays a poor egg

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 43

and has a tendency to transmit this to her progeny. Mate
her with a prepotent male from a prepotent dam a good
egg and it is almost a certain fact that a larg per cent of
the offspring will lay a much better egg than their dam.
This I have proven to my entire satisfaction.

Another thing we are working on, although experi-
ments have not covered time enough to make the results
as positive as in the case of poor eggs. This is the hatch-
ability of eggs. I am now practically convinced that
hatchability is transmitted and improvement is possible
through prepotency of the parent stock in this one thing.
Tests to prove this must be exhaustive, and frequently
interfere with some other factor. One case I will cite for
what it is worth: We had one female whose eggs hatched
less than 30 per cent. This happened regularly and con-
sistently, no matter how or when incubated or what male
mated to. In her second year she was mated to a male
whose dam had given us over 90 per cent hatchability for
two years. This second year with the poor hatching dam
gave the same ration of chicks from her eggs but, in two
pullets from her the next year we had a strong 80 per cent
hatchability. This is not enough to prove anything, but
it is strong enough, so I am going to make as careful
observation as possible another year.

At Amherst. the past summer, poor hatchability was
taken up by Professor Sanctuary and he observed one thing
which I also noted. In breaking a large number of eggs
containing chicks dead in the shell, it was noted the posi-
tion of the chick in the shell seemed to have an influence
on its mortality, and in several cases this checked up show-
ing a lot of these came from the same hen. Heredity
again. This brings me to the relative hatchability of eggs
from extra good, fair and poor layers. Much stress has been
put, of late, on the heavy layer not being a good breeder,
that we have observed this phase with interest. I think
the trouble has been that the production of the natural
layer was competing with that of the forced layer. There
is bound to be a great difference. The only trouble I have
had in checking this that we do not allow the poor layer
to reach the season of incubation. We cannot afford to

44 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

experiment with them, so market such as soon as we are
sure they are of no value.

The observations we have made in our pedigree work
have been about as follows: A hen laying one day, skip-
ping two, then an egg, etc., may hatch a possible two out
of ten. This with the exception perhaps of very old breed-
ers; although they, as a rule, show great intensity if they
have been producers in the past. The medium layer who
lays the regular day and skip a day rate will supply about
a 50 per cent hatch. The hen of high intensity—not forced
—will be the one (nine times out of ten) to give the big
hatches. Of course all contributary things must be run-
ning good or this part cannot be estimated as of much
value.

One of these things is care of the male heading the
pens. Low fertility is often caused by his neglect. As a
breeding factor, the male has been considered to the ne-
glect of the hens but as regards the production of fertility
and hatchability the females have had the largest amount
of attention. True, this is very important, but the male
out of condition influences the entire output of eggs from
the pen. Attend to his feeding. Many say, “Let them
shift for themselves.” AU right, as far as it goes, but
unless some special care is taken, a good breeder will in
nine cases out of ten lose flesh and become run down.
His very value as a breeder, attention to his mates, stops
him from getting proper food. He scratches, calls the
hens and leaves the grain. This a good male will do regu-
larly. A shallow pan on the wail, into which his grain
may be thrown, will keep him O. Ix. Use a little discretion
in this. We feed a fair feed once daily this way. In some
pens it is hard to put the cup or pan high enough so the
male can reach it and so it will still be above the reach of
the hens. They will do some wonderful stunts to get the
grain out of the feeder.

Hatching and Brooding

The hatching and brooding of the chicks play an in-
portant part in the future birds; almost as much as the
work done in the mating, feeding and care of the parent
stock. Incubators are run too hot, too cold, eggs are
turned carelessly or not often enough, all leaving their
mark on the chick. The first thing to do is to learn to
operate the incubators and brooders according to instruc-
tions. If all else is well and reasonable and success is
not obtained, write the manufacturer. There may be some
little thing you have overlooked. We have used various
makes of incubators and have at last settled on the
“Prairie State” as meeting our needs the best so far.

In cut No. 30, may be seen part of our incubating room.
In this cut [I am placing eggs in pedigree bags on top of
one of the machines. This picture shows our incubating
conditions which differ radically from most. My routine
is as follows: In the morning when I first rise I put my
coffee on to percolate, wash my hands and turn all eggs
that are due to be turned. After breakfast I fill and fix
all lamps. About ten a. m. all eggs incubating over three
days are again turned, then again about four p. m. and the
last thing at night about 10 p. m., making four turnings
per day. With this exception I follow the instructions of
the manufacturers exactly. In order to turn eggs outside
the machine as is necessary with the average machine, the
outside temperature must be above 60 degrees or there
will not be heat units enough supplied to the chick during
the 21 days of incubation to ripen it and have it hatch
on time. All of our chicks are hatched and pedigree band-
ed in this room.

After being left in the nursery until they commence to
raise a rumpus (that’s the only thing I can think of when
they are ready for the brooder), they are placed in flan-
nel lined baskets—with hot water bottle in cold weather—
and carried to the side lawn to the Hodgson Baby Chick
House shown in Cut No. 1 in the angle of the house. Both
roofs are shown raised in this picture. This is placed in the
corner, as it is a most wonderfully protected spot and does

46 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

not get the wind during the -chicks first few days. As
soon as another hatch is due I move these to one of the
more exposed houses and clean the corner one so that it
is ready for the next hatch. In opening the brooder to
care for them they are not exposed to as much wind as
the others. This is only a small item but the chick itself
is a pretty small thing until it is a week or more old.

We find for our work the Hodgson Baby Chick House
is the sure road to chick growth. Note in cut No. 1 the
possibilities of ventilation. Every inch of this brooder
san be opened to direct rays of the sun. On the left of
the cut one is shown with roof partly raised. This admits
ventilation on warm days, when rainy. Chicks—about
sixty-five to a Chick House—are grown in these until they
are transferred to the house at my right, in cut No. 32.
(I stand on a box and am just turning a page of address
to Connecticut Poultry Association members.) This has
another style oil hover.

From this, as soon as they are hardened off, we move
them to the combination range coops shown in cuts Nos.
11 and17. We have twenty-four of these and they are the
finest of anything for the chicks. We get them portable
from E. C. Young of Randolph, Mass., and they can be set
up in a few moments time. Each section is 3 x 6 feet and
can be taken on a wheelbarrow and moved easily by one
man. By the time the chicks are put into these houses
with an old style oil hover they can stand most any sort
of weather but can, in a pinch, be confined, as they have
the open front part as a scratch pen. Feeders are placed
on stands about six inches from the floor; also, milk and
water founts are thus kept free from litter. Again, the
ventilation of these coops is fine and, as a growing chick
throws off a lot of body heat, good ventilation is very
essential to keep them healthy.

We place the roosts in these coops just as soon as the
hover is removed. These are four inches wide and placed
one foot from the floor. It is seldom I have to put a
chick on the roost. At first they learn to hop on them
during the daytime, and shortly all are comfortably perch-
ed at night. This puts a stop to corner crowding as soon

— se

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 47

as the hover is removed and gives each chick an equal
chance.

I fully believe two reasons why hen reared chicks often
do better than brooder reared, all other conditions being
the same, are due to two things, crowding and poor venti-

‘lation. The nearer one can come to following nature’s

way in rearing chicks, the better the results. Of course
the commercial man cannot rear his thousands of chicks
in small units, it is an economic impossibility, but the
person actually breeding, putting in many hours of study
and work to attain improvement, cannot afford to throw
away his work just to save time on chick care. This is
too much like robbing Peter to pay Paul.

We find the Hodgson Baby Chick House will rear
chicks as well as the hen, if given reasonable care. It can
be used to care for chicks under conditions and at times
when hens-are impracticable. In February we have few
hens that want to set, yet, in many phases of breeding the
February chick is an asset. In Massachusetts we have had
about all kinds of winter weather that one can have, and
I have used my Hodgson Chick houses in February, with
a 100 per cent score on raising chicks. Coated with ice—
and a blizzard outside—made no difference. Of course a
shed would make it much easier for the attendant to do
the work but the brooder will function perfectly without,
which is a pretty good test.

Anyone working with high-grade poultry, who increas-
es their business to the point where outside help is neces-
sary, had best atten@ to their own incubating and brooding
unless they can get an absolutely efficient man or woman
to do this. They are very scarce. We feel it better to hire
some of the more laborious work done and look after the
immediate concern of the birds personally. Possibly at
some time we will expand to the point where we will dis-
cover that someone else can do things as they should be
done, but in the care of live stock of any sort, a pretty good
rule to follow in order to have things done as they should
be, is to do them yourself.

It is even better to continue to work for still higher
quality than increased numbers. We are too apt to say,

48 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

“Oh, Jones! He has 3,000 birds, which he winters.” Or
on the other hand, “Smith, I never heard of him, he can’t
keep over a hundred or we would know about him.”
Smith’s 100 birds might be really worth more than Jones’
3,000, but quantity spells success to many. Quantity is
usually necessary in selecting fine birds where large
matings are used, but where careful and small matings are
made and every chick pedigreed, there is a greater chance
to get a larger percentage of good ones. In the small breed-
er’s work every bird must have high individual merit to get
into the breeding pen and this has its effect on the chicks
hatched.

It is actually impossible for one man to care for a
large number of birds when there is pedigree breeding and
work to be looked after. There are details connected with
this phase of the work, which many in the poultry business
never realize. The overhead is enormous—for the number
of birds. I merely speak of this with the idea of not mis-
leading my readers into thinking that because we make
a good living from a flock of less than 125 breeders is
a get-rich-quick game. It is not. But it is well worth
the effort, when accompanied by the necessary enthusiasm
and interest.

Notes On Breeding and Pedigree Charts

To make our line of work clearer I am including the
pedigree of three chicks whose pictures appear on other
pages. These are 1922 chicks and their pedigrees show
exactly how they have been produced. Added to this are
the interesting cuts of several of each chick’s ancestors. I

oma

34._Number 79. Laid 301 eggs first year; 227 second year
neavily in moult. Note the breast and bowl and well balanced body
out of hen No. 9, and “Danny.”

36.—Number 138 out of No. 17. Laid 241 eggs first year. See No.
37.

37.—Number 183 out of hen 138—year complete, 191 eggs.

38.—Baby pullet out of No. 183. Note the type as chick.

wish I could even indicate the improvement in the color
as well.

In the pedigree of the chick from No. 17 showing the
leg and wing band, in cuts Nos. 7 and 8 it will be noted

50 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

that the dam is five years old. In this season she was
mated back to a cockerel out of No. 79, whose sire was
her full brother. This cockerel traces back to the sire of
No. 17 thrice, and there are three direct tracings back to
No. 9, her half sister. The strengthening vein in this com-
bination is that of No. 5 and “Daddy,” which came down to
“Tinker” through No. 67.

The pedigree of the pullet in cut No. 38 shows another
combination of blood strongest and most direct on the
same line, that of No. 17. In this case the pullet is the
great grand daughter of No. 17 and a study of the pedigree
chart will show how No. 17 was mated to her half brother
sired by her sire, producing No. 188 (see cut No.
36). No. 188 was mated to Thunder, an _ entirely
unrelated male, breaking the closeness of the relationship.

27.— Number 115, 271 eggs first year. The hen with $1,000.00
type, which she transmits to her chicks. See 28 and 29.

28.—Son of Number 115. Note the wonderful racey lines—the
head showing business in every feature.

29.—Daughter of No. 115, three months old, a very promising
chick with body conformation strongly indicative of high production.

He was out of hen No. 7 and sired by ‘Daddy,’ two of the
birds in the second pen we purchased in 1917. From this
mating of Thunder and No. 188 we had splendid results,
one of the chicks being No. 183 who, in 1922 was mated
to her half brother, “Thunder Two,” a grandson of No. 9,
which mating brings into the great grand daughter of No.
17—the chick is cut No. 38—the blood of No. 9. This
shows how we have bred “in” and “out” with the same fam-
ily lines, creating new combinations and strengthening
weak points as well as intensifying the strong.

The third pedigree is that of the cockerel and pullet in
cuts Nos. 28 and 29 which are, I think, the best examples
of the intense work we have done with the No. 9 blood. This

- wee vibetost ot

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 51

pedigree shows the careful infusion of two new—or un-
related—lines, with very close breeding on one line. A
little study of the chart and the cuts will show how this

Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red

Seal Band Number sex fF Date of Hatch Wey \P-VALA Bred, Owned and Reared by
HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts
Date Sold to

= {Sire No.
|Sire No, }
| ca Dam No.
| Sire No. |
| ze {Sire No.
)

Dam No. ¢ {
Sire No. :
{

{Sire No.
{Sire No. ‘ {
: Dam No.
par No. il
rz 4 {Sire No.
rok - Srdyr, Dam No.......4
l Dam No.

[Sire No. 2 {

ae {Sire Ni <
! Sire No. Jat { hae 2

| Dam No. nY
{Sire xo Ramay
| Sire No. if

| ¢
Dam No. 2 3 Dae e
am No. :
Sane Vt | EES 2
| (SiveiN ak Sire No. .
¢ we Sire No.
aa iste, | q | i Dam No. Ke
|
Dam No. \
l pe | # | Sire No. 2
DLU-2Z wel yw, {Dam No. = e 2
ee Re lam No. 2

No. ee @. q na Sire No,
. {Sire i
A QQ t TORTS {= : Dam No.
HR’ {Sire vo Raddy j ?

| {Sire No
| Dam No.
|Dam No.
\ Vor |
(Sire No. !
suns re Sire No.
| (Sire No. ¢
| Dam No.
{Dam No. fl
| % Sire No.
8k 3x4 wre |Dam No......¢
Dam No.

{Dam No. ed 3
Vay token [

art ~
Sire no. WT, Sie NOos cca

ae al \ (Dam No. ¢
Sih 1. ae ' siete { aia
(Sire No.
| 'Dam No. b ma j
| (Dam No. é
ration (S38. | AQY4 -1ab . ae
241 : ' thay | {Sire No. 1 at EQRE: > seeroe
6 x | Dam No. eee
Dam No, \ HL >
3 Sire No. :
250-1 A or, |Dam No. : ?
St Dam No. A

Pedigree No. 2.

has been instrumental in the results we have attained.
In pedigree No. 3, the sire is a combination of the No.
9 blood and the No. 7 “Daddy” line. A son of No. 150,

rye)

who was out of hen No. 73, a daughter of No. 9, mated

lw AD

to another daughter of No. 73—sired by “Smarty,” the

52 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

preys

son of No. 67, who was No. 73’s full sister. The new
blood on that side was being introduced via No. 67, who
was mated to a son of No. 5, “Daddy.” On the sire’s side,
this chick has the fine combination of the blood of No. 7

Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red

Seal Band Number sex W, Date of Hatch YYWoy 24-1422. Bred, Owned and Reared by
HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts
Date Soldttox 5 = 9 ay <0: oe Oe te
e oats ae Sire No. ets Ee
we | + | ee Dam No...... hey) fontia

{Sire Smaak,
} nie vi Raddy
i ts bl ; [Sire No.. Mf Ay

}

{Dam No. Meets [ Sa pete
S on roatyd 2Y3-1stuyr, PLL-~Lnd Yr,
P nh ic Sire vines

Sire No. so ae a
Dam No. #Cy -I.
Sire No. ad
oh Pic ~tatue. Dam Peay ae #/
a (0 T BID Anel ge PMP rapgiig”
etal ae = Aes fi Sire No. }
Sire No. 4 Oran 2
: am No........8....
Sire No Saar
ie : har Sire No. q
| ae No. lear 3
vem A am Now. fo
Dam wh Tt | me a
Bol st ge, (Sire Ne Vad xe * :
am No...
Dam No. #4 2
| Sire No. :
222-A-nd ye. Dam No. i Ean 2
*% om am No...

nena — Sire No.
CQrclke we |Sire No.
wa 2 Dam No......
{Sire No, .
| Dani N, Sire No.
am No.
oe + | Dam No.
SireNo. 1%
SIROIN O;5,-sccestbescesescecnteees
(Sire No. :
DamiNoecccomeeeerenes
Dam No.
\ Sire: Nos.scccceceesap
Dam No.
fF Dam No.
{Dam No. | 1 !
| (Sire No. Site No. teas
0.
250 ~ tet ‘vs 2 (Dam Nosaccastetsctes
ai See | 19 ] yi [Site No. 4
Sire No..........
'Dam No. -
\ DrN Oars
|Dam No. -s)
| ‘ Si *
not Frag yaects Seo. SireING
i 2 Dam No..........
!Dam No.
| Sire No.
Dam No,
Be Dam No.

Pedigree No. 1.

and No. 9, “Danny” line, which in turn was mated to No.
150, who carries blood from King, whose ancestry com-
bines from another family carrying the original No. 1,
“Tat” blood, through Jimmy and No. 93.

;
$s

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 53

While these combinations never were planned out be-
fore the pens were put together from season to season,
it has been possible to make some outline of the work
before mating to get the proper nicking of the various lines

Pedigree of Single Comb Rhode Island Red

Bene ande Numbers ee 2 Set Na-= Date of Hatch Wane 112.2. Bred™ Owned and Reared by
HERBERT A. DANIELS, Grafton, Massachusetts
YD ee en os : Sold to

* ae Y
(Sire woChauspaerr
“hae {Sire vo Maddy } Zz
| {Dam No. .
{Sire No.4 dur AF

. @
{Sire No.

'
ie No. ad t
Rees {Dam No. 3
-3r
Sire nol A ro of ws TA
{Sire No.
Sire No. Rauny { #8
|Dam No

Dam N. AVY
rs a tF Sire No. T at
ATF 1 St ye. Dam No. q | =
Dam No. |
Sree 3 222-2 nol qr, wet sectg
aie ; ape No.4
Sire sChneny |
Ki ey {Dam No.
{Sire No. w4 a =) caval:
ms Dam No. q 3 ae
R | 221-1 Pee at
Dam No. ey) br pit we F
2b - 1 ak | Sire No. addy aad vo Chaaaggees
uae Dam No. R

Ea |
[oan No. ‘ 3 ’
{

DbS-1 tyr,

=A, Sire No. Wok
Dam No, } qt
Dam No. (
2AL- Awd spr, Met Hopped,

No: ego are {Sire No :
Ct FBS. Sire No, Raddy! eS

ae Dam No.
Sire No. Ip V vee aq
; “ Sire No. MI
|Dam No. | 7
l Dam No ,
Sade 1B 1- Swed yr, '
Sire No Sire woChaupune
{Sire No. } q
67 : Dam No. '
{Dam No. 4.
| am ; Fy Sire nate
| anes |Dam No. : < +)
2 - “ ( a Jam Ng.
Ws BDL Andy Wapped
Dam No. ‘

| 3 ; : Sire No.
271-18 a \ {Sire woe apans

Dam No
Sire No. Noddy { 3
| Dann q Sire No.
' mi INO.

Dam No.
Da No. ‘| 3 | “
pe Sire No. :
abs-vab “wT [Sire ea OR i N :
am No. ‘
Dam sett # d

Sire No.
TRLA=~AnAY- [om Now. A Ar Oe 2
% { ; am No. ’

Pedigree No. 3.
that offered the greatest breeding possibilities. Hach year
the work had been surer and the results have been

estimated more accurately, showing we have found the
the right blood traits.

54 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

The present vear’s crop of youngsters show the best
breeding and also show more established characteristics
than any percentage of any previous year’s birds. The
fact that the characteristics we want most are becoming
fixed in the larger percentage of the young stock is proof
of the constructive nature of our operations, which makes
the work after all seems much less than it would were we
always struggling against a blind wall. I fully believe
this rapid improvement is only possible where each bird
in each mating has its full value tested as a breeder by
careful pedigree of all its progeny. In this way the fe.
males are studied as closely as the males, which is very
necessary to rapid improvement.

When the finished product is ready to be disposed of,
another man sized job confronts the poultry man. Many
breeders have good stock and are willing to give fine values
but through some lack of foresight or lack of “selling
sense” fail to get the market their goods deserve. Our
work in this line has been a sort of evolution, and I am
going to give a slight outline of the history of it as I am
sure the reading will be interesting at least, and may help
others just at this point.

Before the consideration of any advertising one must
be sure to have just what the public wants. In poultry
selling, it is practically impossible to cultivate a market
as has been done in some things that have been put on the
the market. After being reasonably sure you have what
the public is looking for, use every legitimate means to
let them know you have it and will sell. Granted you
have a mighty good line of stuff, unless you have the power
to set the merits of your flock into written form to create
interest, get some one used to the work to do it for you.
Keep your name as associated with some particular and
desirable feature of vour stock always before the public.

When we first commenced advertising we used a local
newspaper. This is not usually a good medium for good
stock bat I made it a study to word my copy so people
would look for it from week to week, always leading from
one week’s ad to another. This proved good business, and
many told us they looked for our little fifty cent ad after

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 5d

reading the news headlines. As we outgrew this class of
trade and had stock which merited a larger field of cus-
tomers, we commenced with a classified ad in the Red
Journal. This brought business, and we then took dis-
play space. We have never exceeded four inches and find
that this size ad handles our present capacity, bringing in
a steady and growing number of new inquiries.

After your prospect has been prompted to write you,
the sale is far from made, and lack of care in making your
reply to his inquiry will lose many a sale. Form letters
cannot be used as a dozen inquiries may come in on one
mail and no two in anyway resembling each other. It is
possible to help out on the letter writing, which is a good
sized job, by some carefully prepared and timely mimeo-
graph or printed sheets. These can be made to cover vari-
ous phases of selling.

Our first hatching egg shipments were made in 1919.
This was before we had any pedigreed stock to sell and the
office work was very light. Month by month the mail
increased.

In 1920 when we sold back to Owen Farms a pen of
ten record females directly out of the original pen which
we purchased from Mr. Delano, and he made the fine
arrangement which booked oir pens in his mating list,
we commenced to do a real business. Our own work was
becoming known and the publicity of the arrangement with
Owen Farms combined to give us a real standing in the
“Red World.” Mr. Delano, a keen business man, saw the
advantage of this arrangement, not only to us, but to
himself, because it showed plainly what could be done with
his stock by keeping one hundred per cent pure. This was.
to us, an entirely unlooked for outcome of the application
of our ideas..

Our little plant, started with four yearling hens and a
cockerel, has grown steadily in output and is convincing
proof of what can be done by application, work and de-
termination to succeed. ‘Nothing succeeds like success”
is true, and after the first few hard vears, one should be
able to keep improving this work from season to season.
It never will do to let up on constant vigilance, but the

56 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

elementary experience should prevent much of the so-called
“bad luck” the poultry man cries about.

We are now looking for a larger area, not so much
with a view to increasing the breeding capacity, but to
simplify the rearing of the chicks and make more yard
room for all stock. We feel, however, that whatever suc-
cess we may achieve in the future will be dependent on
the conquering of our present difficulties.

Office Routine

Many very fine poultry men and women have not had
office training and are at sea when it comes to the neces-
sary clerical work involved in giving to the public the
service their good money pays for. Correspondence must
be properly attended to, records correctly kept, and orders
booked in a way to insure no oversight on wrong filing.
This positively requires a system. Our was evolved
with the help of an office equipment expert, who, however,
was not familiar with poultry work. We gave him an idea
of our needs, that which we must keep track of and the
necessity for so doing and, through his interested sugges-
tion, we now have a very complete and efficient method.
I well remember the first time he came to size up our
needs. It was quite a joke to him (he laughing to himself,
as he has since admitted) that anyone with a few hens in
the back yard should want to put in steel filing Today
he has quite a large respect for the poultry business and
is very prompt in filling our orders

In the January 1922 Red Journal appeared our entire
office system and T am reproducing it herewith:

So much has been said concerning the feeding,
care and breeding of Reds and very little about the very
important part devoted to handling the sales, etc., that in
answer to many appeals for same, I am going to outline
our methods and policy.

In many eases that I have come in contact with very
little attention has been paid to this end of the work until
it was necessary to hire competent help and get a working

John Doe 1-10-21 Key BR
Albany, Michigan. 9-2-21 Co

amd inquiry-chic;,~ 6-5=-21

Sra, == cockerel 9-2-21

system under way. This is unnecessary as anyone even
selling but a few birds or a few settings of eggs can for a
very small sum be efficiently equipped to have a really
good foundation for a larger business later on.

This simple initial equipment can consist of one wood-

58 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

en 3x5 card file and three ordinary pasteboard letter files,
and three 4x6 card files. This is the system of using these:

The 5x5 card has the name and address of the inquirer
on, also the date of inquiry and when subsequent letters
are received this date is put on, keeping the mailing list
up to the minute and allowing the breeder to discontinue
any hames after a certain time when they are considered

John Doe Ship March 10-22
Albany, Michigan. Booked Dec. 3-21

15 oges pen 10
Z Md 5

8 fn n
Total Value $20.00
Cash 5.00

Due ——¥I5.00 pd 2-20-22

Se-OT-g 83¥e Og peddtus

Egge to be used as foundation stocke

S3-9-h% 16490T dod se
Zu0i3zs8 ATEA ‘peyoysy sHOTYO es,

in office parlance as “dead.” This time varies. We hold
them two years.

The 4x6 card files are labeled “egg orders”, “stock or-
der” and “orders shipped”. Figure 2 shows how a stock or-
der is cared for. It is filed under guides indicating dates of
shipment. Kee orders the same. When the order is ship-
ped the card is removed from orders, and placed under

John Doe, Ship Octe 10-21
Albany, Michigan. Booked 9-2-21. oF
1 S. C$ RED COCKERE. #100. 3
Total Value $20.00. Die
cash —_8.00 BS
Due -$26~000- pd 9-20-21. aire
HAT
Oo” nN
a
ao
oe
Ho
°o
To mate John Jones stock, smut ber desired. %

alphabetical guides as an order shipped, note of time of
shipment being written across end of card as indicated.

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 59

When that order is heard from—if ever—a note of what-
ever the customer has to say is made. These are instantly
accessible for information.

The three letter files are used as follows: one for in-
quiries, one for customers and one for general price lists,
small catalogues, receipts, etc., that are wanted for refer-
ence.

A typewriter is almost indispensable. One can get a
rebuilt machine reasonable. We used one for one year and
did not lay out one cent for repairs, then we purchased a
new Oliver, which, while being a low-priced machine, does
excellent work. When a machine is used it is easy to keep
a carbon of every reply made, order sent for supplies, ete.
Later I will show how valuable such is.

Stationery is important. The poultry breeder does a
mail order business and his first impression is made by his
advertisements, second by stationery. Use good paper.
It is an ear mark of the business man today. [imbossed
heads, etc., are not necessary. But do get a good quality
paper and envelopes. Have a good job of printing done.
Poultry breeders are apt to go in for sensational station-
ery. Why, Ido not know. Make vour letterhead tell some
pertinent things about your birds, but keep all advertis-
ing off the envelopes. Many people interested in poultry
and likely to answer your advertisements do not care for
mail coming to their address covered with cheap red or
vari-colored cuts. In all dealing with the public a little
conservation is safest. The sensational savors of the hux-
ter who caters to the cheap trade. By this I do not mean
low-priced trade. There is a very marked difference.

When we commenced our first selling we had just the
equipment described. As the business grew we added card
files and letter files unti! we were buried under so many
files and boxes we added to our outfit a very complete steel
file. This is sectional and can be added to as we require.
Each letter section will care for 20,000 letters. Another
will hotd 6,000 of the 3x5 cards. Below this is the four
drawer section caring for orders of eggs and stock. Be-
low that is a single drawer for any legal documents, bank
statements, ete., and two drawers holding 6x8 cards on

60 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

which we keep our egg records, those cards being taken
from the pens and filed every two weeks. Below this is a
single letter file drawer used for some special work. We
find the “Security” line meets the needs of this work in
splendid shape and, while the initial cost may seem a bit
high, we have equipment that will last as long as we and
stand any amount of usage.

Before one has use for any of this, one needs have an
advertisement or two. Make this in accordance with the
amount of stuff you have to sell. If you cannot write an
ad that has selling power, get some first class man in the
advertising business to coach you, or take a course in ad
writing. The same principles of selling apply to poultry
as to automobiles. Have the goods. Get people interested
through vour ad. De not claim what you have not got.
Do not try to be sensational. Keep before the public all
the year through. Get all legitimate indirect publicity
possible in way of notes, “was present” items, ete. The
more known your name is the better known your product
and the easier for people to buy of you. When the telling
ad gets a result the sale is yet to be made. This is where
poor, cheap looking stationery does not carry through the
first impression. Handle this with exactly the same dig-
nity as if you were selling very high grade furniture. Note
the stationery used by first class business houses and the
appeal it makes to you. When your inquiries come in
make a prompt reply. Make it direct and in detail. If
any questions about your stock are asked, see that they
are answered fully. Do not use too many words in telling
what you have to say, but do not be too skimpy. Make
each letter a personal one. Not merely a personal letter,
but make it have the identifying marks showing it was
written to that one particular person and it could not be
an office form used for all. In poultry work where breed-
ing birds and eggs are sold a form letter does not bring
business.

In describing your own birds do not forget that the
one vou are writing to has a good opinion of his own stock
and possibly has a good right to have. Tellit as itis. Do
not over-rate your own. Write that letter just as though

1
a
4

-

‘

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 61

you were to receive it and wanted it to satisfy. Next, if
the prospective customer feels that you have that which he
wants he will send you a payment. In your first letter
vou should give all details of ordering, payments and your
guarantee (which must be a money-back one to be of any
value) unless this is covered by printed matter. When you
receive the money order or check, acknowledge it at once
and give any necessary information concerning shipments.
When stock or eggs are shipped, send a notice along.

Now it will occur in some instances that opinions will
differ as to the value of a bird. You will write your de-
scription of what you have all in good faith. When the
customer gets the bird he does not see it as you wrote. It
is difficult to describe things on paper as they actually
are. In this case the customer is dissatisfied. He may not
know real values. There was a time when most of us did
not, so it’s nothing to become profane over. He may send
the stock back, which he has a perfect right to do under
your money-back guarantee within vour specified time lim-
it. In this case send his money back as quickly as you
can. He may write you a very sarcastic letter. Any
poultryman who has sold birds for five years could show
some that would start a lawsuit in any other business.
Some written in dead earnest, too, from people sincerely
believing themselves “done”. These are very difficult to
handle. The only safe way is to be sure they get their
money back at once and treat them with the utmost cour-
tesy.- It may be difficult, as I have seen letters that would
reduce almost any red-blooded man to a savage. I have in
my possession several entire sets of correspondence con-
cerning poultry deals that have been sent me by poultry-
men to know what on earth could be done to protect them
from such insults. In one case a breeder sold to another
breeder a bird. He did not like him for some reason and
resold him. Would not even let the breeder of whom he
bought supply him with a bird to use in his pen and really
as I read and re-read the many letters in this case all |
could think of was an old saying, “He would kick if he
was going to be hung.” There seemed to be no possible ad-
justment of the trouble and the breeder offered him a bird

62 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

gratis after all the rumpus. Another case I call to mind
was one in which a prospective customer did not want to
pay for a bird; said he never did business on that basis, but
finally did pay cash and did not like the bird. There was
no way to satisfy him. He would not take his money back
nor another bird, but complained of the fact that he had
been compelled to pay cash. Said he never would do busi-
ness that way again. You may be sure if either of these
parties wrote me asking quotations I would not quote.
These letters were sent me in confidence to see if there was
any way in which I could us them as examples.

It is good to be able to say, however, that these are very
unusual cases. They do occur and are very difficult to
handle without antagonizing the customer and with dig-
nity to the breeder. These instances are where the use of
carbons in all correspondence is of inestimable value.

Tam today in receipt of another lot of correspondence
of a similar nature in which the badly used customer
wants to inform the man with whom he has been dealing
that he is a liar. In this case I have the carbons of the
breeder's letters and he has practically offered to give the
man a bird to suit rather than have him dissatisfied. The
customer even went so far as to write the breeder he was
going to copy every letter and send same to the Red Jour-
nal for publication. This was rather amusing when the
same breeder was doing all in his power to more than live
up to his guarantees.

The meat of this is to be able to avoid those annoying
experiences. I would suggest three things as of much im-
portance in doing this:

First. Cash for all dealings with a strict money-back
if not satisfied guarantee. Live up to it. You, as sales-
men, won't send out birds not of good value under this
rule.

Second. Give freely all help asked for in any way con-
nected with the work. Do not have any loaning or bor-
rowing of birds or make any exceptions in price to any-
one. These things always lead to complications.

Third. Conduct your business insofar as you are cap-
able the same as any other legitimate business. Read all

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 63
letters of inquiry with care. Get the customer’s viewpoint.
Answer his questions fully. Never cut in price after first
quotations. Go careful with the man who writes you that
he has always been badly treated, cheated by all and the
victim of “bad luck”’.

Remember in all dealings to be courteous, dignified
and honest. These are cardinal virtues in any business.

Aside from the actual work in the office of the poultry
breeder there are some things that make the business have
more tone. One is in making shipments. Use standard
made boxes for stock. Put clean shavings in and a good
cup of water. Label the crate plainly and have it made of
as light lumber as possible. These things insure better
care in transit, a better advertisement for you by all who
see the shipment. The same with eggs. Pack them well.
Do not stint of interlinings or packing material. Have
well printed labels plainJy addressed.

In all work connected with the breeding, rearing, sell-
ing stock or eggs from your flock of Rhode Island Reds, re-
member, “What's worth doing at all is worth doing well.”

In cut No. 2 is shown a picture of our office, which
used to be our dining room, as it appears today. The re-
print above from the Red Journal explains all the details
of the filing system, with the exception of the very top of
the middle section which has been added since that article
was written and which cares for the correspondence from
all foreign countries, the Western Poultry Journal infor-
mation bureau and one secticn is devoted to miscellaneous
cards.

Just as the closing pages of this book are being written
we had our biggest day, which, to an extent, shows the
value of the work we are doing in the New England poul-
tryman’s eyes. In the accompanying cut is shown a group
of poultrymen and women who made up the Connecticut
Poultry Association tour this year, as they appeared listen-
ing to an account of our work, on August 17. We pracard-
ed every interesting feature we could of the work and had
a display of birds in exhibition coops at right of the pic-
ture in which practically all the birds in the cuts in this
book were shown. The fact that the thermometer stood at

64 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

120 degrees nearly all day when this party was at our
place indicates some pretty enthusiastic poultry men and
women.

Nearly all the cuts shown on these pages are self ex-
planatory with the help of the captions. In writing this
I know I will feel I have neglected many things that many
would like to know about, and doubtless gone into details
not interesting to some. Should I ever decide to try again
IT am sure I could make a more interesting job of it. I
sincerely hope some may find a few hints that will prove
helpful. It has been our practice from the very first to

Connecticut Poultry Association at Daniels’ Plant, August 17, 1922.

give freely to the public whatever information we could,
that would be of help. Not only has this been a literal
boomerang to us but it has been of some little help to oth-
ers, I know. Anything that stimulates interest in, and
helps any business is bound to benefit all concerned. It
is a pretty good ideal to follow—*“helping others to help
themselves.”

In closing I am going to give a few recipes for home
treatment of sick birds that may help until a good remedy
for the ailment may be obtained. We keep a_ corner

stocked with Happy Hen remedies. They have proven ex- .

cellent and to the point when needed, which is seldom.

A

r
¥

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 65

Ginger Pills.
For indigestion, diarrhea, colds, etc., in fact wherever
wu warming, slightly tonie pill can be used. One daily.
1 teaspoonful powdered ginger
1 teaspoonful powdered mustard.
1 teaspoonful powdered sulphur.
1 teaspoonful powdered asafoetida.
1% teaspoen powdered red pepper.
Mix with lard to make pills and roll in’ powdered
charcoal. Pills size of marbie.

Douglas Mixture.

Valuable as a tonic for molting birds, especially. Dose,
one ounce in a gallon of water three times a week.

One pound copperas. Dissolve in two gallons of water.

Add, stirring well, one ounce oil of vitriol. Keep in jugs.

For Vent Gleet.

Remove bird from pen. Wash parts twice daily with a
very strong solution of Permanganate of Potash. Clean
hands thoroughly. Do not get any of the discharge in
eyes. With scrupulous care infection may be destroyed
in ten days.

Canker.

Paint with iodine and remove the cheeselike growth.

Get a good canker remedy as soon as possible.
Frosted Combs.

Thaw with snow or ice water as soon as noted. Apply
carbolated vaseline freely. Look out for the next cold
snap.

Bumble Foot.

Lance and cleanse wound. Use peroxide. Bandage
and dress daily.

Running at Nose, Sneezing and Rattling in Throat.

Use a good roup remedy, cleanse nostril and apply car-
bolated vaseline or camphorated oil freely. In sudden
cases where a roup remedy is not immediately available,
a few drops of some standard liniment, such as Sloan’s
(on a bit of bread), will often give relief.

66 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

Soft Shelled Eggs.

Soft shelled eges are caused by fright or over fat, also
by a forcing ration. Remove cause. Two teaspoonsful Sul-
phate of Magnesia to a quart of water. Feed cut clover
and plenty of clean oyster shell, which will correct this
trouble unless caused by some actual diseased condition
of the oviduct.

Egg Bound.

This is frequently noted in cold snaps, especially in
puliets just. commencing production. Remove to warm
room, bathe vent with warm water and apply olive oil.
Put one teaspoonful of Hayden’s Viburnum Compound in
one ounce of warm water and give one teaspoonful every
fifteen minutes until distress is relieved.

Feather Eating. -

File beak point so the tip will not meet. This allows
bird te merely “comb” the feathers. Also apply a strong
solution of bitter aloes to feathers. Filing the beak is also
a good preventative for egg eating, but birds must be fed
grain in a trough as the beak is very tender. Adding one-
half pound of salt to each 100 pounds of mash will some-
times supply the need indicated by this vice.

Crop Bound.

Make an incision one and one-half inches long in outer
skin of crop, after removing a few feathers. Then make
a smaller cut in inner skin. With buttonhook and finger
remove the contents, being sure all is removed, and wash
out with peroxide solution. Sew inner skin with three
surgeon’s stitches (take up stitch and tie, then cut the
thread). Then sew, separately, the outer skin. Feed very
lightly for a couple of days and on soft food for a week.

When it is necessary to administer any medicine to a
hen or chick a medicine dropper will be found a valuable
help. Castor oil had best be given in capsules, as there
is danger of strangulation when poured down gullet.

To break up broody hens, remove from nest the first
night they take to nest and place in pen where there is
no litter for nesting material. We use a 3x6 colony coop

SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS 67

with O. K. litter on floor. Feed exactly as in laying pens
and give an outside run if possible. A series of colored
bands may be used where trapnesting is not practiced, to

’ learn the number of times in a year a hen is broody.

Regarding Advertisements.

Just a few of the people whose goods we have used
have been given a chance to take advertising space in the
back of book.

The Happy Hen remedies we use, and we find them as
advertised.

E. ©. Young of Randolph, Mass., has supplied about
all the portable poultry houses, exhibition coops, etc., we
have used. They are well made, economical and easy to
put together.

Arthur Spiller, manufacturer of leg bands, puts out
one of the finest trapnest bands to be had today. In cut
No. 18 is a picture of cld No. 2, who has on one of his
bands, which has been in use five years. All the other
birds in different cuts have the original bands with which
they were started on their life work.

Carbolineum and Cut Clover we use all the year round.
Both are staple articles and of great value to the poultry-
man, each in its own line.

D. J. Edmonds has devised the account book for poultry-
men. ‘Too many people raising chicks have no method of
keeping track of the financial end. They never know
where they stand or if they are losing or gaining. This
system is so simple and accurate that any grammar school
boy or girl can keep the accounts to a penny. It is of in-
estimable value when the point is reached that calls for
an interview with the income tax man. Of course many
will say that time will never come. We thought so once,
but it is impossible to tell and it is a pretty good aim to
make to reach it. The Edmonds Safety Account Book
will help you get there, and know it when you arrive.

This fall we commence work on a check pen of birds
to have as fair a test as is humanly possible on the Grandin
Red Flag feeds. For several years we have watched var-

68 SUCCESS WITH PEDIGREED REDS

ious feed concerns with interest. The letters I have had
through the information bureaus have given quite a key
to many kinds of feed. All things considered, we finally
consented to give the Red Flag feeds a thorough test. The
pen with which this test is to be made will be in direct
competition with another on our own scheme of feeding.
The birds will be selected as near alike in body conforma-
tion and breeding as is possible and, aside from feed, the
care will be identical. The manufacturers and ourselves
both have confidence in this test, and on its results will
depend a good deal of our future work. Hatchability of
eggs and growth of young stock will be given a fair and
unprejudiced workout, card indexing of all work being
carefully followed from day to day. I feel free even now
in speaking highly of Grandin Feeds, judging from the
appearance and analysis and also from the high standing
of all connected with their manufacture.

Other ads speak for themselves. We do not claim any
one thing is best, but of the things we have used these have
given entire satisfaction to date.

In closing I want to say just a word, individually, to
each reader. Having made this work of pedigree breeding
Rhode Island Reds almost a twenty-four hour-a-day job
for six years, we feel we have had experience that is of
value and we want it thoroughly understood that when-
ever, wherever and however we can be of service in this
connection, to the poultry breeders interested, it is our
wish to do so. We have no secret processes and anything
which we have learned that can benefit anyone is theirs
for the asking. Our rule has been, is, and will continue
to be “’Tis more blessed to give than to receive’—and so
long as our flock supports us within reason, supplying
their own expenses, our bread and butter and an occasion-
al piece of cake, we feel they are helping us to make the
world a better place for man and hen to live in.

Orange Box Trapnest as Used On the Daniels
Pedigreed S. C. Red Plant

By H. A. DANIELS, Grafton, Mass.

This nest is made from solid end orange boxes. The
trap is cut from one end of box cut down so it will swing
freely in the opening as shown in right hand sketch. A
small block on outside keeps nest from opening when hen
tries to get out. The trigger or latch is a straight piece
of inch by inch stock six inches long. A hole one half inch

Orange box trapnest as used on the Daniels Pedigreed S. C. Red
plant. H. A. Daniels, Grafton, Mass.

off center acts as a pivot for it to move upon. A shingle
nail will hold it. Be sure latch moves easily. Left hand
sketch shows inside view of nest with side cut away, show-
ing position of latch and trap when trap is set. Latch
must be placed so it will lock the nest when trap falls
keeping out any other hens. T'wo small nails can be used
to keep latch from falling too low or going to high. D
shows small rod trap swings on, two screw eyes acting as
hinge—-see F. FE, shows small staples holding rod to side
of nest. C shows block holding trap, I shows latch both
by itself and as used on nest. J shows center of nest which
was the partition of box and is cut to three inches of the
bottom. K shows position of nesting material, shavings,
and a place where egg is laid, hen moving to front of
nest to light after laying, hence no danger of breaking
eggs. Nests are swung under dropping boards and slide
on cleats attached to bottom of boards, an inch square
strip on top of each nest serving as slides.

yon os
o£
- ces

sae

TTT TTTTRTTTOOTUVOnCUOeOHOTUSTUOTUUUUCTUOH CUTOUT CPE ONTTOORRIUOTHUUOUTTEOOTUOOHEUUUULMUUUUT CHOPS OOOUT TOOL POO LULL

Down Flat

and they said she had an “incurable form of paralysis,” then
I gave her

HAPPY HEN
WORM REMEDY

and now she is just as fine as ever.

When your birds have pale faces, begin to go light, stagger,
eat well and still lose the use of their legs, worms are likely
the cause; send at once for a package of this wonderful life-
saver. Recommended by poultrymen everywhere.
Most birds have worms—worm yours every month.
Packages—$1.10; $2.50 and $5.00, postpaid.

For bubbles in the eyes, sneezing and For Indigestion, bluish combs, diarrhoea,
co'ds, use ete., use
HAPPY HEN ROUP PILLS HAPPY HEN CHOLERA REMEDY
$1.10: $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. $1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. =
tiv illing ms i Se PK bight =
OF eS ee eo Roupy -ccrms 3 For White Diarrhoea in chicks, use =
HAPPY HEN ROUP REMEDY HAPPY HEN WHITE DIARRHOEA =
1.10; $2. : tpaid. REMEDY : =
SABA sec oy and mes 00 Aesth $1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. =
For treating Bronchitis, Canker, Rheu- =
matism, or injuries use For head lice on chicks, poults, ets., use =
HAPPY HEN CANKER REMEDY HAPPY HEN HEAD LICE SALVE =
$1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid, 30c; 55c; $1.10 and $2.50 postpaid. =
For treating Chicken Pox, use 7 = ae fac se
HAPPY HEN (CHICKEN POX: REMEDY — “Cr, Body Tice, ticks, {lets OetvE
$1.10; $2.50 and $5.00 postpaid. las ay y ET
30c; 55c; $1.10 and $2.50 postpaid.

It is just as possible to make good poultry remedies as it is
good Remedies for human use—HAPPY HEN REMEDIES
are that kind-——-use them for the purpose intended, follow
directions and then expect a lot of them—if they fail to
satisfy YOU—we want to refund your money.

UUUTTTUTVOTTUTRUTUATUATUATRST UAT URATOATOATUATUAOGTCODUOT LOT LOROOR UOT OALORPOA OOOOH EAT

Send stamp for valuable Disease Diagnosis Chart.

Happy Hen Remedy Co.

_Room 200, 36 So. Market St., Boston, Mass.

=
a

LS

PTTTIVTTTTIUITVEUCOSOUOUOOOOOONOOTONTITIIIIUTUUNUUUCOUOQOOOOTOTIOTI OT UITOORTUCUONOUOOTOTOOTIUULULUUUUUCUOUUOTUOOUOOITOOUOOOOLLUITUOTROUUCOLUURSTOOOILIALULULULULEOLLUULLLLULLOLeOLEELLOLALELLLLLoLLLLLLL Looe

[71]

a HFPINCUOELIUVAGTATUCOUTTTHTPROSOCOUUOTTTOTGRROCUUUUUUTOPOOOECOUCC TTOETOGUUUULCHTTTOOOUECUUTLUUCTOOOUUULUULOLTOERRCCUUCPOCOOOCOEULU COULTON RPK.

Spiller’s
COLOROID TRAP NEST BANDS

Trade Mark

state the breed.

Catalog

6’x8’—$37.80

iti

Capacity 15 hens
Just right for your
winter flock.

TTT VU LLU LAPALO

WIL

Write for
= Free Booklet

3’x6’ Colony WHouse—$10.00

P
12 for 50c, 25 for $1.00,

Designed especially for Trap Nest
out boldly and very plainly. Figures are
following colors: red, blue, light green,
yellow, brown, gray, purple. Numbered to order, as high as 1,000.

If you have any Trap Nest work to do, we especially recommend these bands.
You will find that they will stand the hard usage which comes trom the frequent
handling of trap-nested birds, and far superior to all others for this work. Always

RICES
50

for $2.00, 100 for $3.50.

work; extra wide, and the numbers stand

always black on white. Made in the

pink, black, white, orange, dark green,

Intensely Practical, Efficient
Universally Popular

Bands That You Can See

of other style

E.G. YOUNG CO.

bands upon request.

ARTHUR P. SPILLER
Beverly, Mass., U. S. A.

OTTULUATLULIUUCOGHATROGHATUUCOATTUCUUAALUCORTUUUGIICOCOARCCOORICUUTUUUOOHUCOTTIUCOOIARLOOAULCCOGALLCOLECLCOAT UCI CUOOGAA REMIT UUOGAA GOGO UUUOOOAI OLGA UULGAADOAALLLGLOLLLCCEA LLCO LLOGLLUU

90 Depot St.
Randolph, Mass.

Free circular on request

TTTIOTENTOTOTTATUUTNTUCUUUCCUOOOMTTTTATTUCUTTTUOCHUOTOOTHIATUUUUTUIUUUUCECOOULOOLILEAULILLUCeRELOOUOEAROCCOLLLLLELUULLOeLo on

& ATTTTTTTTTTTRUUUTREUUTOTCTORRVPATTVAT ATTN CORUUUTEOTONOTONOTTOTATTTTTUUOUUCQUOTOOUOOTOTITTTPRTUUCUCUCUUUUOOOOTAROTITCUULAROLUCCUULUCCOOOOTORROROLLUUULURLOLUUULCLULGLUUOTETEERELLLLLLELULLULLULULGGUECGEEOA LLCO a

[72]

a TTTHAUHTULOUECCOURCQCOUUUALCUUEUUUUH COTE ROTUAIUINIOUUITEATTTOTOQOQTOETOGOOQOQOOQOOCOUUUUOUUCOUUUUEOUUULITCOTCRUUUUUUUUCOCTOATOOOIOOTGONOOOCOOOOOORIENUOUUCUUOUUDUUNCUUITOUUUTUUUATTOOOOORONOOOOTUTUUTOOTTUOTTUT TTT ie

Use SECURITY
SEALED Bands

Rivet and Band made out of the same piece
of aluminum. Numbered to order with
raised numbers.

H. A. Daniels says—‘These bands fill a
long felt want with my pedigree work.”

Cyko Farms, Hudgens, Il].—‘“They are
‘eleverest band made.”

6 for 10c; 50 for 60c; 100 for $1.00.
Circular’ Free. Menticn Breed.
Small Steel Pliers for fastening bands, 50c.

HARRY E. BAIR

“The Band Man’”’
Box 645-D, HANOVER, PA.

TTT

CTH EALTLEe Pe ReEa

TITTY THT
TTS TTT

TH MATTRESS TTT TET

KILLS CHICKEN MITES

Single application—zuaranteed—to eradicate all CHICKEN Mites and make hen-
houses IMMUNE to this pest for

ONE YEAR :

Arrow Carbolineum is the only vermicide against chicken mites and other
vermin in poultry houses.

GUARANTEE

We guarantee that one thorough application of Arrow Carbolineum, either
by brush or sprayer, to the interior walls, dropping boards, roosts, ete., of
such buildings, after a previous cleaning and no matter whether they are of
wood, tar paper, or plaster, will exterminate mites in same for a whole year.

Opinions of Poultry Experts

H. V. ormohlen, Ex. Pres. of American Single Comb Brown Leghorn Club and
Editor of The Leghorn World, Portland, Ind.:
“YT would Jike to see every poultry man and farmer in the United States paint
his roosts with Carbolineum, because I believe it is the best thing found to date
against mites.’*

University of Maine, College of Agriculture, O. M. Wilbur, Poultry Specialist,
Orono, Maine:
“We have been advocating the use of Carbolineum in this state as a preventative
against mites in poultry houses.”’
The Vermont State School of Agriculture, D. Hart Horton, Instructor in Poultry,
Rando!ph Center, Vt.:
“I have used this product before and without question found it the only certain
method of getting rid and staying rid of poultry mites; and the beauty of Carbolineum
being that it is necessary to apply it only once a year.”’

F -CARBOLINEUM BLDG.
Carbolineum ae

WOOD PRESERVING CO. Milwaukee, Wisconsin

CWUTCUCHTUUONHTUOUUUOTUUUCQOTUCOUHULUUOUIATUIUITOIIUOCGHEHLUMTOLILUULALUULUEARUUUELULECLELULLEARLUCLORA LULL URR EE

TTUTUUPESRETOTEUCUEHETUUOTT LOTTE HUTTOTTOUETOUOUTUOUUPUUUOOCESUUUOUUETITITIIRUMOTTIHOITHTTOTssOTOCOUUEUOCUOUUOCENRUUUUUUUCRUUUUUOOIOHUOTTATORTOMEOUUGeEOCUUUOULUUU LAUDER TPOOuLEOLCCMLUCCORLDO LLL LLe LL Z

[73]

TUTTI ULLOLLLLLAMLULLUAMLLLOGGALLOLCALLLOGOALOLLUOLRCLAULULLMOOALUULOATROOAOA LSU MLL LLCOOOAALUGOORLUOOOUUULOAIOUOOAO TUOMALA LOUUAALUOOOALUCOAAUNOOAORCOOOAULOLOOUOLOOAUOUOMLLCCOALUUOATUUUOOLOLOLOOOLOCOLUCOMAULOOIULUOOUCOCAAOLUOOHAOUUANANOUOITIOOONAOCONATIUOATIUOOILIOUOAIT TOGO TOONNITOOGTTITUN ITO ILUTHTIUOIMTONTINTOTITTUM TOTTI

MUD ALLL ULLULUPLLULULLLULLEGAEOLLELEDLLOLOULLOLUOOUAOCOCUPLCLOOUOULOOOOUUCAOLLULUULOOOLLOCOOOOOOUOMOOOTLULUOLLOOLOOOOCUOOOOHOOOOUULUUOUONOCUONOONDNTUOTITIMOMITTONUINIOOTNTMTT TILT TTNCOTNCCON TOL ADIL

Hodgson Baby Chick Houses Every Time
For Brooding 250 Chicks or Less

Handsome, economical and efficient
beyond anything else on the market

“T have used one for two
seasons and have never taken
a dead chick out of it. Have
had it on side lawn in a
blizzard with mercury at zero
and found thermometer
exactly the same in _ the
morning as when left at nine
P. M. All my chicks are
pedigreed from heavy laying
dams and of great value,
hence the importance of care-
ful brooding to insure the
least possible loss.”

Herbert A. Daniels,
Grafton, Mass.

‘IT like the “WIGWARM”
better than any brooder I
have ever used. In severe

weather it did not burn over
a pint of oil in 24 hours, and
in moderate weather about
one half pint, and supplied
ample heat and ventilation.
It was run out in the yard
with no protection when the
ground was frozen and dur-
ing snow-storms.”

A. 8. Briain, Mt. Kiseo, N. Y.

A Colony Brooder and Brooder-House combined.

“All my pedigreed White
Rocks are raised in Wig-
warm Baby Chick Houses,
and the majority of them
mature in 53 months. This
I attribute in no small degree
to the start they get in your
Chick Houses. The system
of forced fresh air ventilation
is really wonderful, and
means the utmost vitality for
every chick.”
Harold F. Barber,
Dover, Mass.
“In my seven years’ experi-
ence I have used four makes
of brooders and I have
found in the “WIGWARM”
just what I have been look-
ing for. In each of the
four brooders I bought from
you I put 60 chicks and had
only two fatalities in the
whole 240. They were put
in the brooders on April 19,
one of the wildest and wind-
iest days I ever knew on
Long Island. The _ second
time I put 72 in each brood-
er with no losses.”
Mrs. A. Mack,
Brookhaven, L. I., N. Y.

With the

HODGSON BABY CHICK HOUSE you have NO coal stoves,
NO brooder houses, NO cold corners, NO crowding, NO chil-
ling, NO dead air for the chicks to breathe. Chicks raised the

HODGSON way

are healthier,

mature quicker, and show

more profit than those brooded by coal stove or box brooder.
Booklet free.

E. F. HODGSON CO.

71 Federal St., Boston, Mass.

6 E. 39th St., New York City

UTADA LOMAS LOAAULEA URGE LMOCSA UOMO OOH ROMO DEOL POOOAT GOT CGR UOOOT COR OOTA LOA HOGA ULOROOALICCOTOOATIUOATOCOTIUORITOOHOUOATIOONT COTTIVONII UOT HONIIUOTIROOAT TOOT RTOA TOSI LOATITGGTLCGALIEUEH TE

[74]

UUTUTTTTLTTUTTTTTTTLLLLCEULLLLLUGLUEOAOUOULLULULLLUCUOUOOOOOORLLCLLCLODEULULOCUOMOOO CLL LUUUOOCOOOMAMOMOULOUOTOCUOUOOOOMOMOOIOTUTUUTOOUOOOCOOOMTMOUOTCONTOCOOOTTOHTOMTI OTTO

a AUUUMTUTTUTLTLTTLURLLLLLLUCLOAHAEOOULLLCLCLLLLLUCRELLLLUOLULUOGOCOUOAUOOROLLPCLUPLLUUOCOCOUOOOUOUOOMOOAOTOLOLLOOLOUUUCCUOOOOOITHTH UML TTTNUUUUOOOMTHATIT MUU TTTMTTNTTUNTTTCUHTTTNTTTTTTTTTTTU TTT

Lee eee eee

EOMON DS:

Safety System

ACCOUNT BOOK

for the

POULTRYMAN

copyright

Devised by D. J. Edmonds
Certified Public Accountant
Darien, Conn.

It is a regular bookkeeping system combined in
one complete book, 28 pages 12x12 inches with
press-board cover. Receipts recorded in columns
from seven sources of income, Daily Egg Produc-
tion and distribution in four columns, an Inventory
Record to show stock at a glance.

AUVATUOAA EAT UATUUATHVATUOLUOAIOOTLOVTOOAUOOIUERRUOPUGAIOOUUOOTEOATEOHLOGTTUOTLOATOLATLOA HOOT UEATERHTONVEERMLOTLOOAEOAITUATETAUOOTIOATUOOUOACUITOGAIOOTILOTELOVLUAAUOHUUOUOOIPOOMLO UO TULA IOUT UOR

On each opposite page Cash Disbursements are
recorded in nine columns for Expenses and Pur-
chases; then there is a Summary page for each
month’s business; an Income Profit and Loss Ac-
count and Balance Sheet with full complete instruc-
tions.

Any boy or girl can keep this book and you will
find it indispensable, interesting, instructing and
know results of your labor. Good for one year,
postpaid to any address U. S. $1.00, Canada $1.25.

This system is in use in every state in the U. 5.
in Canada and abroad. It is highly endorsed by
leading Agricultural Colleges as well as practical
poultrymen.

Send today for your copy!

OTHTISTUUCUTOUUUUTTOOUUUTTLEN TT TONOUUTUTOTCUTTOUUOTUTTOOOEHTTOOUUTUTTUCUTUTOOU CCH EUT RET TTOPeCLTOCHTTTOUUbRTOOCLTTOUL COTO OUUUUU UEC LLUPC LULL

[75]

%&

Grandin’s
Red Fiag Poultry Feeds Are
Grand-In-Quality

Read this endorsement by a Rhode Island Red breeder.

CO-OPERATIVE TUBERCULOSIS
ERADICATION WORK

OR J @ REIOY
PRORRAL INSPECTOR IM CHARON

| Hom. TUCKER

CHIEF OF DI¥IBIOn

BROOKS BROW

DR. C. W. PURCELL
OR. ©. B BEALS

DR. RB, STANHOPE
DR. FL. STEVENS
OR GR. CALDWELL
STATE OF MAINE DRO. K. EASTMAN

Departuent of Agriculture ve

F. P. WASHBURN, COMMISSIONER

Bintsion of Animal Industry

AUGUBTA

May 83, 1922

To Whom It May Concern:

Last seagon I gave the Grandin's growing feed for
chickens a thorough trial, keeping one pen of my Rhode Island
Reds on it for the entire season. I was very much pleased with
this feed and found it fully equal to the Grandin quality that
I have always found in other feeds put out by this company. The
growth and development of the chickens thus fed was gratifying
in the extreme and I can heartily recommend it to any poultryman
who ig looking for a uniform standard of quality in this class

of goods. tn at

Chief, Division of Animal Industry,

Department of Agriculture.

Mrs. H. A. Daniels, one of the editors of this magazine, wrote us on June 21, 1922, as follows:
“T have many inquiries through the two information bureaus, I edit (R. I. Red
Journal and Wester Poultry Journal) concerning high class feeds, and, while
we use our own ration in our special work, I unhesitatingly recommend your
teeds to those wishing a high class ready-to-feed poultry ration.”’

FOR BEST RESULTS FEED

irandin’s Poultry Dry Mash with Buttermilk Grandin’s Screened Scratch Feed
Grandin’s Growing Feed with Buttermilk Grandin’s Interraediate Chick Feed
Grandin’s Buttermilk Baby Chick Starter Grandin’s Baby Chick Feed

Full feeding instructions in our semi-annual poultry book.
ASK YOUR DEALER FOR “GRANDIN’S”

D. H. Grandin Milling Co., Jamestown, N. Y.

[76]

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TITEL!

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ST TTT LLU UMM TTL TULUM TTT TTT

Do You Keep Hens?

Do You Make the Hens
Keep You?

The only way to be assured that the hens will
keep you is to use only those ingredients in your
laying mash which go into the manufacture of the
egg. OUR NIAGARA BRAND OF GREEN
CURED FINE-CUT CLOVER makes assurance
DOUBLY SURE. Its own record is its best
recommendation. It has been used in the laying
and breeding mashes of the largest and most suc-
cessful Egg Farms for the past 35 years. ‘Tender,
palatable, nutritious; it furnishes all the Vitamines
necessary to keep the fowl in healthy condition
while stimulating the function of heavy egg produc-
tion. With eggs at present prices, you cannot af-
ford to be without it. ORDERS PROMPTLY
CID):

Day Old Chix and Dux

The parent stock of our chix and dux has been
Hogan Tested for prepotency and high egg capa-
city for the past fifteen years. Their popularity
has increased our output of 80,000 chix to 500,000
head annually within the past four years. Send
fiom our, SPECLAl;, DISCOUNT PRICE LIST

covering early Spring deliveries.

Niagara Farm

W. R. Curtis Co., Prop., Ransomville, N. Y.

Sea TM LULU L LLCO CUCU ECM UMMMMMM TTT

[77]

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TUTVUIEETTAQUOUCTUALEUTTANU UT TOUTTU YD TAN AT USUAL CUR UU ET TATHO UG EUUETT

DUCTUS THT

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PEE tetugtni

5

6

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