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SUPPLEMENT TO THE APPENDIX OF CAPTAIN PARRY’S

FIRST VOYAGE.

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SUPPLEMENT

THE APPENDIX OF CAPTAIN PARRY’S VOYAGE FOR THE
DISCOVERY OF A NORTH-WEST PASSAGE,

IN THE YEARS 1819—20.

CONTAINING

AN ACCOUNT OF THE SUBJECTS

OF

NATURAL HISTORY.

Bhton of
Ssctional LibrcoY

LONDON:

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE- STREET^

MDCCCXXIV.

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LONDON:

PRINTED BV W. CLOWES,
N orthumberland-Court.

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ADVERTISEMENT.

On returning from the late Expedition to the Polar Seas, I much regretted to find
that the account of the Natural Productions collected on the former voyage had not
yet been completed. Of the cause of the delay I need not here speak, as it has,
in some measure, been explained in the course of the following pages. It is only
necessary for me, therefore, to repeat my acknowledgments to the respective Writers
of the following Notices, for the trouble they have kindly taken in drawing them up.

W, E. PARRY.

London, December, 18S3.

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CONTENTS.

Mammalia, by Captain Edward Sabine

Birds, by Captain Edward Sabine

Fish, by Captain Edward Sabine . . .

Land Invertebrate Animals, by the Rev. William Kirby .
Marine Invertebrate Animals, by Captain Edward Sabine

Shells, by John Edward Gray, Esq

Botany, by Robert Brown, Esq. . . . • .

Rock Specimens, by Charles Konig, Esq.

Page

. clxxxiii

. cxciii

. ccxi

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. ccxix

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ERRATUM.

Page ccxix, for Inverfebrate Animals read Marine Invertebrate Animals.

APPENDIX X.

NATURAL HISTORY

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N“ X.

ZOOLOGY.

The following account is limited to a notice of the animals which were
met with during the period in which the Expedition remained within the
Arctic Circle ; it comprises an enumeration of the well-knoAvn species, ac-
companied by occasional remarks, and a more extended description of such
as are considered to be previously undescribed.

MAMMALIA.

1. Ursus Maritimus. Polar Bear.

Seen occasionally during the voyage ; frequent on the west coast of
Davis’ Strait, where they are more numerous than on the eastern side,
being less disturbed by the whalers ; but more rarely met with after the
entrance of the ships into the Polar Sea, where seals and walruses which are
their favourite food are scarce ; only two bears were seen during the many
months in which the Expedition remained at Melville Island, one in October
and the other in the August following.

clxxxiv

APPENDIX.

It is mentioned by several authors, but apparently without authority, that
the white bear sleeps during the winter in caverns in the ice. Fabricius
expressly states the contrary on his own knowledge. The bears which were
seen in Melville Island may have passed the winter in the neighbourhood of
Barrow’s Straits, where it is probable open water may be found in the
greater part, if not during the whole, of the year.

The weight of this species varies exceedingly according to the condition
of the individual ; one killed in the former Expedition weighed above 1,100
pounds ; whereas another which was obtained in the present Voyage, and which
was somewhat larger in all its measurements, weighed not quite 900 pounds.

The canine teeth are solitary in the upper, and approximate to the fore
teeth in the under jaw.

On the return of the ships through Barrow’s Strait, a bear was met with
swimming in the water about mid-way between the shores which were
about forty miles apart; no ice was in sight except a small quantity near the
land ; on the approach of the ships, he appeared alarmed and dived, but rose
again speedily ; a circumstance which may seem to confirm the remark of
Fabricius, that Avell as the Polar bear sAvims, it is not able to remain long
under Avater.

2. Gulo Luscus. Woolverene.

The skull of a Avoolverene Avithout the lower jaw Avas picked up in
Melville Island, but the living animal was not met with. Since the return
of the Expedition, the skull has been identified with one Avhich is in the
museum of the College of Surgeons, marked by the late Mr. John Hunter, as
belonging to a woolverene from Labrador ; it has also been identified with the
skull of a woolverene in the collection of Joshua Brookes, esq., Avhich he
was so obliging as to cause to be taken out of the skin for the purpose of com-
parison. This animal is therefore enumerated Avith confidence amongst the
quadrupeds of the North Georgian Islands, although it is probably of rare

"6

ZOOLOGY.

clxxxv

occurrence. Mr. Brookes’s specimen agrees very well with the description in
Pennant's History of Quadrupeds ; but in the plate the face is scarcely suffi-
ciently sharp, or pointed,

3. Mustela Erminea. Ermine.

This species was shot at Possession Bay on the former Expedition, and
was seen in the present voyage, on the continuation^ of the same coast,
further to the southward. It probably does not inhabit the opposite side
of Davis’ Strait, as it is not noticed among the Greenland quadrupeds by
Fabricius.

4. Canis Lupus. Wolf.

Inhabit the North Georgian Islands, and were seen almost daily during tlie
winter, but would not suffer themselves to be approached within gunshot ;
they were of a very light colour, and of the full size of a setter dog.

Those naturalists, who believe that no animal, in a perfectly natural and
wild state, will connect itself with one of a different species, will consider
the long-agitated question, of the specific identity of the wolf and dog, as
determined by a circumstance of frequent occurrence at Melville Island ; in
Decembier and January, which are the months in which wolves are in season,
a female paid almost daily visits to the neighbourhood of the ships, and
remained until she was joined by a setter dog belonging to one of tlie
officers ; they were usually together from two to three hours, and as they
did not go far away unless an endeavour was made to approach them,
repeated and decided evidence was obtained of the purpose for which they
were thus associated ; as they became more familiar, the absences of the dog
were of longer continuance, until at length he did not return, having pro-
bably fallen a sacrifice in an encounter with a male wolf ; the female,
however, continued to visit the ships as before, and enticed a second dog in
the same manner, which, after several meetings, returned so severely bitten,
as to be disabled for many days.

It is believed, that this is the first authenticated instance of an undomes-

clxxxvi

APPENDIX.

ticated wolf having intercourse with a dog; when tamed, it is well known
that they will readily breed together.

Whatever doubts may have once prevailed, it is now ascertained by the
observations of modern naturalists, that neither in conformation, nor in the
period of gestation, does any such difference exist between the wolf and dog,
as will warrant a specific distinction. The manner of carrying the tail has been
considered a difference ; but amongst the Esquimaux dogs which have fallen
under the notice of the late and the present expedition, there have been indivi-
duals who constantly carried their tails in the manner which was supposed to
be peculiar to the wolf ; these dogs approach nearer to the wolf in its wild
state, than any of the other domesticated varieties ; a young female was pro-
cured from the Esquimaux who were communicated with in Davis’ Strait on
the 7th of September, in the hope that by her means the perfect breed might
be kept up in this country for the satisfaction of naturalists, a male which
was brought to England by the former expedition being still alive; but she
unfortunately disappeared from the Hecla during the detention of the ship in
Leith roads to refit, and from subsequent inquiry, it is feared that she has
ceased to exist as a living specimen. The only female which was brought
home by the former expedition was presented to the Royal Menagerie at
Paris, and has furnished the subject of an article in the splendid work of
Messrs. Saint Hilaire and Frederic Cuvier, L'Histoire Naturdle des Mammiferes;
from whence the following passage has been extracted, for the purpose of no-
ticing an erroneous supposition which it contains, and into which these eminent
naturalists have been accidentally misled: — “ Nous devons ces pr^cieux Ani-
“ maux a M. le docteur Leach, qui, en ayant obtenu une femelle pleine, au
“ retour de l’exp6dition du Capitaine Ross, a bien voulu nous I’envoy^r. Cette
“ femelle a mis bas trois petits, un male et deux femelles, qui suffiront sans
“ doute pour nous conserver une race dont I’intelligence et la force, appliquees
“ a nos besoins domestiques, pourront nous rendre d’utiles services. Aucune de
“ nos races de Chiens, qui se rapportent a celle-ci, ne sont aussi belles et aussi
“ fortes.” By an omission, doubtless of inadvertency, the keepers of the mena-

ZOOLOGY. clxxxvii

gerie were not apprized that the female in question was with young by a
Newfoundland dog, belonging to an officer of the Isabella ; and it has unfor-
tunately happened, that the plate of the “ Chien des Esquimaux de la Baie
de Baffin,” as well as the minute measurements and description in the letter-
press, are taken, not from the mother, but from one of the young after it had
attained its full growth ; and it is not, therefore, a representation of a
genuine Esquimaux dog as the authors designed. It is probable, however,
that the mixed breed may possess the qualities which are ascribed to it by
Messrs. Saint Hilaire and Cuvier, of strength and intelligence applicable to
our domestic purposes, to as great an extent as the pure Esquimaux breed ;
and, judging from the plate, it is certainly not inferior in beauty.

5. Canis Lagopus. Arctic Fox.

Inhabits all the countries which were visited by the expedition, and remains
in the North Georgian Islands throughout the year, several having been
caught in the winter : they differed in no respect from the descriptions of
authors ; the flesh is white, and without the rank smell of the common fox.

6. Lepus Glacialis. Polar Hare.

L. albus, auribus apice nigris capite longioribus, caud^ abbreviate, unguibus
validis latis depressis.

Inhabits Greenland, the southern coast of Barrow’s Strait, and the North
Georgian Islands where they are very abundant. Considerable numbers
were killed in the summer as a supply of provision for the ships’ companies ;
they were usually shot whilst feeding in ravines, and near the bottom of steep
cliffs by the sea-side, which they ascend with great agility on being alarmed,
and secure themselves in their holes amongst the loose stones near the top of
the cliffs. None were seen during the winter, but it does not seem probable
that they had quitted the island.

clxxxviii

APPENDIX.

This species is larger than the L. Variabilis ; the average weight being
about 8 lbs. ; the ears are longer in proportion to the head than those of the
common hare, (L. Timidus,) and much longer than those of the L. Variabilis ;
the ears of the common hare are usually considered one-tenth longer than
the head, those of the present species are from one-fifth to one-seventh ; the
fore teeth are curves of a much larger circle, and the orbits of the eye project
much more than those of either of the other species; the toes are five before
and four behind, the fifth toe of the fore foot being very small, scarcely
indeed more than a claw, and situated close to the knee ; the claws are
broad, depressed, and strong : those of the L, Timidus and Variabilis being,
on the contrary, compressed and weak : the hind leg is shorter in proportion
to the size of the animal, than in the Variabilis. The fur is exceedingly thick
and woolly, of the purest white in spring and autumn, excepting a tuft of long
black hair at the tips of the ears, which is reddish brown at the base : the
whiskers are also black at the base for half their length. In some of the full
grown specimens killed in the height of summer, the hair of the back and
sides was a greyish brown towards the points, but the mass, of fur
beneath still remained white; the face and the front of the ears were
a deeper grey. The fur is interspersed with long solitary hairs which,
in many individuals were banded with brown and white in the middle
of summer. The hares which Mr. Hearne describes in his northern
voyage to inhabit the continent of America as high as the 72° of lati-
tude, are stated to weigh 14 or 15 lbs., when full grown, and in good con-
dition: the largest hare which was killed at Melville Island, did not amount
to 9 lbs. Were it not for this difference in size, they might be supposed, from
other parts of the description, to be the same species.

7. Lemmus Hudsonius. Hudson's Bay Lemming.

Are abundant in the country on the west side of Davis’ . Strait, and in the
islands of the Polar Sea, but are probably unknown in Greenland, as they

ZOOLOGY.

clxxxix

are not mentioned by Fabricius. They live in summer in burrows, and in
winter in nests of moss on the surface of the ground beneath the snow, rarely
going abroad during the severity of winter. This species is distin-
guished by the prolongation of the two middle toes of the fore feet
into a pointed callus beneath the claw, making the toes appear double
clawed : the same peculiarity is observable in the outer toes, but in a
much less degree, and it is altogether less marked in the female and young,
than in the male. The tail is not quite half an inch in length, terminating
with long stiff hairs, which alone appear beyond the fur ; it is erroneously
stated in the Rhgne Animale to be without a tail. The length of a full grown
male specimen is less than six inches, the females are not so large. The fur is
soft and long, deep gray at the base, and white at the points in winter ; the
white being mottled in summer with black and reddish brown on the back,
and with reddish brown on the under parts. The fore-feet have four toes with
claws, and the rudiment of a fifth toe without a claw, at the hinder part of
the fore foot.

8. Bos Moscatus. Musk Ox.

This species of ox inhabits the North Georgian Islands in the summer months,
but being less numerous than the rein-deer, and more difficult to approach,
three individuals only were killed, all of which were bulls. They arrived in
Melville Island in the middle of May, crossing the ice from the southward,
and quitted it on their return towards the end of September. The musk ox
may be further stated, on Esquimaux information, to inhabit the country on the
west of Davis’ Strait, and on the north of Baffin’s Bay : as a head and horns
and a drawing of a bull being shewn to the Esquimaux of the west coast of
Davis’ Strait who were communicated with on the 7th of September, were
immediately recognised, and the animal called by the name of Umingmack ;
this is evidently the same with the Umimak of the Esquimaux of Wolstenholme
Sound, who were visited by the former expedition, and of which nothing
more could be learnt at the time from their description than that it was a

Sag

cxc

APPENDIX.

large horned animal inhabiting the land, and certainly not a rein-deer. It is
probable that the individuals which extend their summer migration to the
north-east of Baffin’s Bay, retire during the winter to the continent of
America, or to its neighbourhood, as the species is unknown in South Green-
land. There can be no doubt that it was the head of an animal of the present
species which is described in the Faum Groenlandica to have been conveyed on
, a piece of ice to the shores of Greenland and which is there erroneously con-
jectured to have belonged to the Bos Grunniens. It is a curious fact, however,
that although none of the Greenlanders had ever seen the animal to which
the head belonged, they should have given it the same name of Umimak,
as is mentioned by O. Fabricius ; this fact may seem to justify an inference
that the animal itself was known to them by tradition ; and may thus, in
some measure, corroborate the general belief that their ancestors came from
a country to the north and west of the one which they now inhabit.

The flesh of the bulls which were killed by the expedition was generally
liked, although tasting strongly of musk. The weight of each individual
exceeded 700 lbs., yielding about 400 lbs. of meat ; the head and skin weighed
130 lbs. ; they stood 10| hands high at the withers. A very correct repre-
sentation of the bull is given in a plate, from a drawing of Lieutenant Beechey’s.

The projection of the orbits of the eyes in this species is very remarkable,
when compared with others of the same genus ; it is probably a provision to
carry the eye clear of the great quantity of hair which the severity of the
cold renders necessary in such high latitudes.

9. Cervus Tarandus. Rein-deer.

Inhabit the North Georgian Islands in summer in considerable numbers,
arriving towards the middle of May, and retiring to the south before the first
week in October. In the course of the season 24 were killed, and afforded
an agreeable supply of fresh provision to the ship s companies.

The species is too well known to require any further remark.

ZOOLOGY.

GXCl

10. Phoca Vitulina. Common Seal.

A seal was killed in Baffin’s Bay whilst sleeping on a fragment of ice,
which agreed in all respects with the description of the P. Vitulina in the
Fauna Groenlandica, so far as it goes, the relative proportion of the toes not
being noticed in that work. In this individual the middle toe of the fore
flipper was the longest, the others on each side decreasing in length, so that
the two exterior were half an inch shorter than the middle one. This forma-
tion does not agree with the general accounts of authors of the P. Vitulina,
but is equally inapplicable to any other described species ; it does not indeed
accord with the generic character of the Phoca in the Regne Animate. In
the hind flipper the exterior toes were the longest, and were connected by
a thick membrane, containing three other slender and shorter toes.

A young seal, which was given by the master of a whaler to the officers
of the Alexander, one of the ships on the former voyage, became so entirely
domesticated and attached to the ship, that it was frequently put into the
sea, and suffered to swim at perfect liberty, and when tired would return of
itself to the boat’s side to be taken in.

Seals were very abundant whilst the ships remained in Davis’ Strait and
Baffin’s Bay ; amongst them the P. Barbata and P. Groenlandica were believed
to be recognised, but were not killed. Very few were seen after the entrance
of the Expedition into the Polar Sea, in consequence of there being so little
open water.

11. Trichecus Rosmarus. Walrus.

A young male not full grown was killed in Davis’ Strait, being in
length, from the nose to the extremity of the hind flipper, ten feet three
inches, and weighing 1,384 Ihs. Thfs animaFfs so well known that a particular
description is unnecessary. The number of grinders were five on each side in

CXCll

APPENDIX.

the upper jaw, and four in the lower, O. Fabricius and Cuvier describe only
four in either jaw ; but Muller (Prodromus) mentions having seen a Green-
land specimen with five in the upper. The eyes are prominent, rather than
sunken, as stated by Pennant. It might also be erroneously inferred that
the walrus has a tail, from an expression in the Arctic Zoology, “ body very
thick in the middle, lessening gradually towards the tail."

12. Monodon Monoceros. Narwhal.

An individual of this species was killed in Prince Regent’s Inlet; the
horn was unfortunately not perfect, a piece having been broken off the end
by some accident ; the part which remained was above four feet in length
externally, the diameter at the insertion an inch and six-tenths, and at the
broken end eight-tenths of an inch ; the length of the animal from the
insertion of the horn to the fork of the tail, thirteen feet five inches and
a half; the spiracle at the summit of the head, fourteen inches and a half
from the extremity of the snout, two inches eight-tenths in diameter, having
a membrane in the interior, dividing it into two parts ; the fins were two
feet four inches and a half from the insertion of the horn, six inches and
a half broad at the base, seven inches and a half in the middle which is
the broadest part, and fifteen inches long; the skin half an inch thick,
marbled black and white in the back, beneath white ; the fins black.

Besides the twelve species of Mammalia which have been thus described,
the Balaena Mysticetus, B. Physalus, and the Delphinus Albicans, were fre-

j

quently seen, but no individual of either species was killed.

ZOOLOGY.

CXClll

BIRDS.

On the return of the Expedition of 1818, an account of the various species
of birds which had been seen during that voyage, was presented to the
’Linnean Society by Captain Sabine, and has been published in the 12th
volume of their Transactions, being entitled, “ A Memoir on the Birds of
Greenland.”

Many of the species seen in the present voyage having been already
noticed therein, it has been considered preferable to refer to the Memoir in
such cases, rather than to repeat the accounts which it contained ; the
reference being considered to imply the confirmation of subsequent expe-
rience ; the new matter which this voyage has furnished, is given in the
present account. The species which were not seen in the first voyage
are described here on the same plan as on the former occasion, and the same
authors are referred to.

Since the publication of the Memoir, Mr. Temminck has printed a second
edition of his excellent Avork, the Manuel d'Ornithologie de I'Europe, much
improved and extended. This edition has been consulted on the present
occasion, and references to it are added in all cases.

1. Strix Nyctea. Snowy Owl.

Gmel. i. 291. Lath. Ind. i. 57. Syyi. i, 132. Arct. Zool. no. 121. Wil. Am. Orn. iv. 53. Fabr. no. 36.

Faun. Suec. 73. Temm. 82,

Several pairs of this species were seen during the summer months on the
islands in the Polar Sea ; but being very wary, and the country affording
little shelter to the sportsman, only a single individual was killed.

It may be remarked, generally, of, all the birds which frequent these islands
in the breeding season, that they arrive in May, and depart with their young

CXCIV

APPENDIX.

broods in October, and that not a single species remains during the dreary
season of winter.

An instance did indeed occur in February, of a bird being said to be seen
by a sailor of the Hecla, who was walking on Melville Island at no great
distance from the ships. He described it as a large white bird flying very
near the ground. If it were indeed a bird, it was most probably a strix
nyctea ; but as neither this, nor any other individual were observed before
or afterwards, until the general arrival in May, and as scarcely a day
passed afterwards in which birds of this species were not seen, it seems
reasonable to conclude that this solitary, and somewhat uncertain, instance
does not justify an exception to the above general remark.

2. CoRvus CoRAX. Raven.

Greenl. Birds, no. 3. Temm. 107.

Several pairs were seen at Melville Island ; the individuals which were
killed differed in no respect from the European specimens.

\

3. Emberiza Nivalis. Snow Bunting.

Greenl. Birds, no. 5. Temm. 319.

Very numerous in the North Georgian Islands, where they are amongst the
earliest arrivals ; attempts were made to keep them on board in cages through
the winter, but were unsuccessful ; they soon became apparently reconciled
to the confinement, but did not long survive the loss of liberty.

4. Caprimulgus Americanus. Musqueto Hawk.

Wil. Am. Orn. v. 65. Arct. Zool. no, 337.

A female of this species was found on Melville Island, lyiug dead on the
ground about a quarter of a mile from the sea. These birds are known to

ZOOLOGY.

CXCV

breed and inhabit as far north as Hudson’s Bay ; but as they live principally
in woods, and feed on mosquitoes and other winged insects, which are very
rare in the North Georgian Islands, it is more than probable that the present
individual was an accidental visitor, and had died from the want of food.
It was extremely thin, but otherwise the plumage was in good preservation.
Wilson’s Plate and description of this species is most accurate ; Fabricius
does not mention it as known in Greenland.

5. Tetrao Rupestris. Rock Grous.

GmeL 751. Lath. Ind, ii. 640. no. 11. — T. Lagopus. Greenl. Birds, no. 4. Temm.^Q^ ? — Rock Grous,
Arct. Zool. no. 184. Lath. Syn. Supp. i. 217.

In the description in the Memoir on the Greenland Birds, of the Grous killed
at Hare Island, it was observed that their plumage was in some respects
different from the Scotch Ptarmigan, but the difference was considered
as the effect of climate operating on one and the same species ; the
circumstance, however, of birds exactly similar to the Scotch Ptarmigan
having been killed on the opposite coast of Davis’ Strait, during the present
voyage, has induced a closer investigation, and has led to the belief that two
distinct species were confounded on the former occasion ; the Scotch Ptarmi-
gan and the birds which correspond in every respect with them and which
inhabit the country on the south-west side of Baffin’s Bay, being the Tetrao
Lagopus of Gmelin ; whilst the species found at Hare Island, and
subsequently in great abundance in the North Georgian Islands is the
Tetrao Rupestris of the same author, and the Rock Grous of the Arctic
Zoology, and is the subject of the present article.

This species undergoes the same changes from season as the T. Lagopus ;
in winter both sexes are white, with the exception ' of the tail feathers,
and of a black bar from the bill through the eye, peculiar to the male. In
this state, they arrived at Melville Island on the 12th of May ; on the 31st, a
female was killed, of which a great part of the white feathers of the head,
neck, and back had moulted, and were replacing by coloured feathers, being

CXCVl

APPENDIX.

the first bird which was observed in change ; by the end of the first week in
June the summer plumage of the females was generally complete, and a change
had commenced in a few of the males ; some of the latter were however
killed, as late as the middle of June, in which no alteration of their winter
plumage had taken place. The distribution of the coloured plumage of
summer corresponds both in the male and female with the Ptarmigan, the
same parts of both species remaining white ; but there is much difference in
the colour itself ; the upper plumage of the Ptarmigan is cinereous, with
undulating and narrow black lines and minute spots, whereas in the
Rock Grous each feather is black, cut by transverse broad lines or bars of a
reddish yellow, which do not reach on either side so far as the shaft, and have
spaces of black between them, broader than the bars themselves ; the feathers
are tipt with a light colour in the male, approaching to white in the female.
The tail consists of fourteen feathers, which do not undergo changes from
season. In the greater number of individuals, the whole fourteen are black with
white tips, but in occasional specimens, the two middle ones are entirely white,
and in others partly black, and partly white ; and this has been found to be the
case in individuals of a pack, others of which had not the same peculiarities.
It is, doubtless, in consequence of this accidental variation that “ rectricibus
atris apice albis, intermediis totis albis” forms erroneously a part of the specific
character of the T. Rupestris in Gmelin. The superior and inferior tail
coverts are very long, exceeding occasionally the length of the tail itself;
these feathers change from white in winter to the same colour as the upper
plumage in summer.

The average length of the male specimens is 13| inches ; of females 12| ;
both sexes are inferior in size to the Lagopus ; the two species resemble
each other in the formation and colour of the claws and bill, and in the
naked space above the eye, terminated by a dentated membrane, larger and
more conspicuous in the male than in the female.

The ground colour of the egg of the Rock Grous, is a pale reddish brown,
irregularly blotched and spotted with darker brown.

ZOOLOGY.

CXCVIl

The young in autumn resemble the summer plumage of the parents ; but
are not quite so regularly marked.

These birds are easily killed, especially in the breeding season, when the
female will suffer herself to be taken on the nest. When in pairs the male
will not quit the female on her being shot. They were killed in con-
siderable numbers in Melville Island, as a supply of provision to the ships’
companies.

This species is not found in the British Islands.

6. Tetrao Lagopus. Ptarmigan.

Gmel. 749. Lath. Ind. ii. 639. no. 9. Fabr. 80. — Ptarmigan. Arct. Zool. p. 315. Mont. Orn.Dict.

Lath. Srjn. iv. 741.

Inhabits the country South of Barrow’s Strait and East of Regent’s Inlet,
but was not met with in the North Georgian Islands. It is the ptarmigan of
Scotland. The specific character of the T. Lagopus of Gmelin, commencing
with “ Cinereus'’ marks it as referable to the present species, the coloured
plumage of which in the summer season is cinereous, with minute black
lines and spots, excepting in the head and neck, where it is rightly charac-
terized by the same author, as marked with “ broad bands of black,
ferruginous, and white the white prevails in the throat, and the black and
ferruginous in the crown and hind head.

This species has also fourteen black feathers with white tips, which
undergo no change from season ; it has also two additional middle in-
cumbent feathers, which the preceding species has not. These feathers
are very variable in colour: in some specimens, both of summer and
winter birds, they are white ; in others, also of both seasons, they
approach to black, with broad white tips ; and in occasional summer
specimens they are of the same colour as the upper plumage ; these two
feathers are exclusive of six long feathers of the superior (coverts, the outer
ones being shorter than the others,) which are white in winter, and cinereous,
waved with minute bars of black, in the summer.

3 b ‘2

CXCVlll

APPENDIX.

This description includes all the specimens which have been examined,
of both Scotch and Arctic birds ; it agrees also with the account in Montagu
of the individuals which had come under his notice from Norway and Scot-
land ; but it does not agree with the specific character of the Lagopus given
by Temminck “ dix-huit pennes d la queue/’ of which the two middlemost are de-
scribed as changing from season ; nor does it precisely with Fabricius’ descrip-
tion of his Greenland Lagopus in the Faun. Green. No. 80,, where the interme-
diate and incumbent feathers are to be stated four instead of two ; the number
of the true tail feathers, however, corresponding with the present description.
After a very careful examination of the accounts which these authors have
given of the birds which they have respectively designated as T. Lagopus,
it appears by no means decided to which species they refer, whether to the
present or to the preceding ; the “ dorsum et uropygium nigro cinerascentique
undulata,” would seem to refer Fabricius’ to the present species ; whereas
the description of both sexes in the summer plumage in Temminck’s second
edition very nearly accords with the birds which were obtained in Melville
Island, and which are here considered the Rupestris ; this opinion is consi-
derably strengthened by the comparison of a specimen recently received
from Mr, Temminck, as his European T, Lagopus, with the Melville Island
birds, wherein no other dilference is perceptible, than that the reddish-
yellow markings are rather more vivid and predominant in the European
specimen.

The males average fifteen inches, the females fourteen inches in length.

The Tetrao Salicetti of Temminck (Albus of Gmelin and other authors) is
distinguishable from either of the species which have been now described, 1st.
by its superiority in size ; 2d, by the shape of the bill and claws, and by the
colour of the latter, which is white in the Salicetti, and dark, approaching
to black, in the Lagopus and Rupestris ; 3dly, by the absence of the black
line through the eye in the male ; 4thly, by the general colour of the summer’s
plumage, which is deep orange in the Salicetti^ crossed by narrow and
waving black bars and spots on the back, and pure on the breast.

ZOOLOGY.

CXCIX

7. Calidris Arenaria. Sanderling.

Temm. 524.

Winter. Tringa Arenaria. Gmel. i. 680. Wil. Am. Orn. vii. 68. Sanderling. Arct.
Zool. no. 403. Lhili. Syn. v. 197. Mont. Orn. Diet. Supp.

Summer. Charadrius Rubidus. Gmel. i. 688. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 740. Wil. Am. Orn.
vii. 129. — Ruddy Plover. Arct. Zool. no. 404. Lath. Syn. v. 195. Mont. Orn. Diet. ^ Supp.

Young. Charadrius Calidris. Gmel. i. 689. Lath. Ind. ii. 741. — Sanderling. Lath.
Syn. V. 197. 4" Supp. 253.

Breed in considerable numbers on the North Georgian Islands: several
pairs were killed at different periods of the breeding season, the males and
females of which were invariably found to differ in their plumage ; the
general colour of the female being lighter, and having more cinereous and
less of black and reddish marking than that of the male : this is especially
the case in the chin, throat, and fore part of the neck ; which may be
described in the female as white, with a very slight sprinkling of dark spots,
and scarcely any appearance of red ; whereas, in the males, the dark colours
greatly predominate. The quill feathers of both sexes, and of all the speci-
mens, were reddish-brown in those parts of the birds, which are usually
described by some authors as being black.

8. Charadrius Pluvialis. Golden Plover.

Temm. 535.

Winter. Gmel. i. p. 688. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 740. Syn. v. 193. Arct. Zool. no. 399-
Wil. Am. Orn. vii. 71. Faun. Suec. no. 190.

Summer. C. Apricarius. Gmel. i. 687. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 742. Fahr. no. 79. Wil.
Am. Orn. vii. 41. Faun. Suec. no. 189. — Alwargrira Plover. Lath. Syn. v. 198. 4" Supp. i. 252.
Arct. Zool. no. 398. ^ Stepp. 69.

Breeds in the swampy parts of the North Georgian Islands in considerable
abundance. In the young birds, killed in the latter part of August and in
September, the colours of the head and upper plumage were scarcely less
vivid than in their parents ; the neck and breast being an obscure but pale
cinereous brown, on which the future spotting was just discefnible ; the

cc

APPENDIX.

whole inferior plumage was a very faint brown, without the mixture or
appearance of black feathers in a single instance.

9. Charadrius Hiaticula. Ring Plover.

Greenl. Birds, no. 10. Temm. 539.

Abundant on the shores of Possession Bay and of Regent’s Inlet. The indivi-
duals which were killed corresponded to the description of Temminck, except
that the colour of the tail feathers was pale-brown at the base, differing in
shade into almost black ; the outer feather on each side, both shaft and web,
being a pure white, as well as the tips of the whole twelve.

10. Strepsilas Collaris, Turnstone.

Temm. 553. — Tringa Interpres. Gmel. i. 671. Lath. Ind. ii. 738. Wil. Am. Orn. vii. 32. Fab.
no. 74. Faun. Suec. 178. Briin. 175.— Turnstone. Lath. Syn. v. 188. — Hebridal Sandpiper.
Arct. Zool. 382.

Young. Tringa Morinella. GmeZ. i. 571. Lath. Syn. y. \S9. Varieties of the Turnstone.

Breeds in the North Georgian Islands. The specimens which were killed
agreed in all respects with the description of the full-plumaged bird in Tem-
minck and in Wilson. The peculiarity in the hind toe of this species seems
to have escaped the observation of the generality of authors ; Wilson being
the only one, amongst those who are referred to above, who has noticed it.
It turns inwards, instead of taking as is usual, a straight direction backwards.

The legs are deep orange-red during the height of the breeding
season.

11. Tringa Variabilis. Dunlin.

Temm. 612. — Tringa Alpina. Greenl, Birds, no, 9,

i'

Rare on the coast ofiDavis’ Strait and of Baffin’s Bay, and in the islands of
the Polar Sea. The specific name of Alpina, by which this species was distin-
guished in the Memoir on the Greenland Birds, has been changed to Variabilis,

ZOOLOGY.

CCl

which is a more appropriate name, and is adopted by Mr. Temminck in his
second edition, where the history o^f its various states of plumage is correctly
given, and the errors pointed out into which preceding naturalists, with the
exception of Montagu and Wilson, had fallen.

12. Tringa Cineria. Knot.

Greenl. Birds, 7io. 8. Temm. 627.

Breeds in great abundance on the North Georgian Islands. In the indivi-
duals killed in the height of the season the red of the breast was fully as deep
as in the plate in Wilson’s Am. Orn., and extended invariably to the under
tail coverts, being very sparingly marked with white on the abdomen, and with
a few longitudinal black streaks. The hind toe of the Knot is directed in-
wards, as is that of the Turnstone.

13. Tringa Maritima. Purple Sandpiper.

Greenl. Birds, no. 7. Temm. 619.

Abundant on the coast of Davis’ Strait and of Baffin’s Bay, where it breeds ;
but was not met with in the islands of the Polar Sea. The history of its dif-
ferent states of plumage is correctly given in the second edition of the Manuel
d'Ornithologie. It may be stated, in addition, that the young birds which
were killed shortly after they quitted the nest, had the feathers of the back
and scapulars edged with white, changing gradually as the season advanced
into an approximation to the clear red, which is described as the marking of
the bird of the first year. The change takes place in the scapulars earlier
than in the feathers of the back.

14^. Phalaropus Platyrvnchos. Flat billed Phalarope.

GreenL Birds, no, 12. Temm, 712.

r. .

Abundant during the summer months on the North Georgian Islands : the

cell

APPENDIX.

difference in the size of the sexes, and of their plumage in the breeding
season, appears to have been hitherto unnoticed ;

Ins. Ins. Oz.

The males average in length 7.6, in extent 16.2, and in weight If.

The females 8.4, 17 2.

The breeding plumage of the male corresponds minutely with the descrip-
tion which Temminck has assigned to both sexes : the female has the fore-
head, crown, and hind-head a uniform deep sooty black, without intermixture
of orange or red : the band which passes through the eye is a pure white,
and is larger and better defined than in the male, including more space above
and in front of the eye ; the black predominates in the back and scapulars, the
orange bordering of the feathers being smaller and much lighter than in the
male ; the under plumage is of a deeper and richer brick-red colour, and is
unmixed with white feathers for a much longer portion of the season : the
female bird attains her perfect plumage earlier in the year, and retains it
longer than the male, which is also the case with several other of the northern
birds.

15. Sterna Arctica. Arctic Tern.

Temm. 742. — Sterna Hirundo. Greenl. Birds, no. 17

In the Memoir on the Birds of Greenland, it was remarked that a difference
existed between the Terns of that country, and those of the European coasts,
in the bill and legs ; the bills of the former being one-third shorter, and their
tarsi only half the length of those of Europe. Although this difference was
considered sufficient to have justified a specific distinction, the name of Sterna
Hirundo was still retained in the memoir, from the conviction that the errors
which arise from a hesitation to create new species, are less injurious to
natural history, than those which result from the opposite practice. Mr.
Temminck, however, , whose very extensive experience gives confidence to
his decisions, has treated them as distinct species, in his second edition ; and
in reliance on his authority, the name of Sterna Arctica has been adopted

ZOOLOGY.

CClll

for the northern species. Two immature specimens of the S. Arctica were
killed on the 8th of July from amongst a large flock of full-plumaged birds,
and may supply a description of a bird of the first year; bill black, the lower
mandible having a reddish tinge, especially near the edges, and at the base ;
forehead, throat, neck, and inferior plumage, white, very slightly tinged on
the breast and belly with a faint ash-colour. The cap mottled black and
white, the upper plumage ash-colour, the wing coverts indistinctly mot-
tled with brown, the outer web of the first primary quill feather velvet
black at the base, shading into ash-colour towards the point, a portion of the
inner webs near the shaft is of a deeper shade than the remainder ; the outer
feathers of the tail exceed the middle ones in length three inches ; the scapu-
lars and secondaries tipped white ; the colour of the legs in process of change
from black to red.

The middle claw of this species, as well as of the S. Hirundo, is much longer
than the other claws, and is curved laterally outwards.

16. Larus Glaucus. Qlaucus Gull.

Greenl. Birds, no. \ 9. Temm. 757.

This fine species of gull is as numerous in the Polar Sea, as in Baffin’s Bay
and Davis’ Strait, occupying with their nests the pinnacles of rocks and the pro-
jecting ledges of cliffs on the sea-shore. In the Memoir on the Greenland Birds,
it is stated to be somewhat inferior in size to the L. Marinus, whereas in
Temminck’s second edition, the Glaucus is called the largest of known gulls.
In comparing the size of many specimens of both species, the average is in
favour of the Marinus ; but by far the largest individual of either is a Glaucus
killed on the north shore of Barrow’s Strait, being in length 32 inches, in ex-
tent 65 inches, and weighing 4 lbs. 3 ozs. The tarsus was 3.4 inches, and
the bill exceeded 4 inches, prodigiously strong and arched ; the upper man-
dible overhooking the lower more than is customary. It was a male bird.

CCIV

APPENDIX.

There appears a considerable variation in the size of individuals, in all the
larger species of gulls.

17. Larus Argentatus. Silvery Gull.

Greenl. Birds, no. 20. Temm. 764.

In the Memoir on the Birds of Greenland, the species described under this
name was identified on the authority of Mr. Temminck with the common her-
ring gull of our coasts ; the absence of the black markings of the primary quill
feathers, which alone constitutes the distinction between them, being consi-
dered by that eminent naturalist as a variation of plumage occasioned by
climate : thus the Larus Argentatus was made to comprise two varieties, one
peculiar to the Greenland seas, having the quill feathers a very faint
ash-colour, with the ends and under parts white, without the admixture of
black ; and the other the common herring gull. The present Expedition
has furnished an instance which may be considered to confirm Mr. Tem-
minck’s decision ; amongst a number of. the Greenland variety which had
their nests on a cliff on one of the North Georgian Islands, one individual
was observed to have black markings on the wings, and was fortunately, se-
cured : on comparing this specimen with birds which have been killed on
our own coasts, the black, markings of the quill feathers are found to corre-
spond precisely in shape and situation ; the only perceptible difference being

A

that the, dark colour is not quite so deep in shade in the ''Polar as in the'
European specimens,

18. Larus Eburneus. Ivory GulL

Greenl. Birds, no. 21. Temm. 769.

A fine specimen of a bird of the first year Was killed in Davis’ Strait oh the
14th of September, having all the immature markings of ’ the ' individual
described i by Temminck as shot in Switzerland in March, with^ the ad-
dition of numerous spots on (the shoulders* and sptiridus wings; this species

)

ZOOLOGY.

CCV

which is so common in Davis’ Strait and Baffin’s Bay, was rarely seen in the
Polar Sea, on account, probably, of there being less open water, and conse-
quently greater; difficulty in obtaining a supply of food.

19. Larus Tridactylus. Kittiwake Gull.

Greenl. Birds, no. 22, Temm. 774.

These, like the preceding species, were very rarely seen in the Polar Sea ;
so late in the season as the 17th of July, an immature bird was killed in
Davis’ Strait, having very slight remains of the circle round the neck, and of
the mottled head, but retaining the markings of immaturity on the coverts of
the wings, and at the tips of the tail feathers, as decidedly as in winter
specimens. Adult specimens had been killed on the eighth of July, in the
perfect plumage of'summer.

90. Larus Sab ini. Fork -tailed Gull.

Greenl. Birds, no. 23.

One of these gulls was seen on the wing in Prince Regent’s Inlet in
August, and was pursued, but without success ; it was, however, identified
with certainty by the persons who had been present on the former Voyage,
when they were first met with.

The history of this species presents a remarkable instance of confined
locality ; in the account which is referred to, it is stated to have been found on
three small islands in Baffin’s Bay in latitude 75|°, breeding in great numbers
in company with terns, and to have been previously unknown to Saccheus,' the
Esquimaux} interpreter, who* was well acquainted with the birds' of his native
coiintry,; namelyi, of Greenland south of Disco, where it is therefore pre-
sumed ito be unknown ; there-are few- parts, of the coastst of Baffin’s Bay or of
Davis’ Strait, which have not been visited by either the present or the former
Expedition, but in, ne instauee haYeo these bird^^ been ^ met?with before or
since, with the exception of the one individual in Prince Regent’s Inlet ; their

2 c 2

CCYl

APPENDIX.

winter residence is entirely unknown, nor can any of the descriptions of new
or doubtful species of gulls which have been killed on passage in America,
be considered to belong to the present species in any possible variation of
its plumage ; the characteristic marks are peculiar and distinctive.

Besides the specimens which were brought to England in 1818, one only
is known to exist in any collection ; namely, the one which on Mr. Tem-
minck’s information has been stated to have been presented to the Museum
at Vienna by Sir Charles Giesecke, but of which no account has hitherto been
published ; it is not known, therefore, from whence this specimen was ob-
tained, especially as the existence of an undescribed species of gull is not
noticed in Giesecke’s enumeration of the birds of Greenland published in
Brewster’s Cyclopcedia, nor in his MSS. list in the possession of Mr. Bullock.
The three islands above-mentioned, are therefore as yet the only land
which these birds are known to inhabit.

21. Lestris Parasiticus. Arctic Lestris.

Greenl. Birds, no. 24. Temm. 796.

Is equally abundant in the islands of the Polar Sea as in Baffin’s Bay ; and
is frequently met with inland, seeking its food along the water-courses which
occupy the bottom of ravines ; differing in this respect from the next species
which is more exclusively a sea bird.

22. Lestris Pomarinus. Pomarine Lestris.

Temm. 793.

Several individuals, corresponding in all respects with the description
referred to, were killed in Prince Regent’s Inlet ; both species of Lestris were
also seen at Melville Island, but the Pomarinus more rarely than the
Parasiticus.

23. Procellaria Glacialis. Fulmar Petrel.

Greenl. Birds, no. 25. Temm. 803.

ZOOLOGY.

CCVll

24. Anas Cygnus, Wild Swan.

Gmel. i. 501. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 833. Temm. 829. Faun. Suec. 107. Briln. no. 44. — Wild Swan, Syn.
vi. 433. ^ Supp. i. 272. A?rc. ZooZ. no. 469. ^ Supp. 75.

Breeds in the North Georgian Islands, but is by no means numerous, and
a single specimen only was obtained ; this individual corresponds with the
accounts of authors, excepting that the white plumage of the breast and
thighs is intermixed with the same yellow feathers as on the crown and hind
head, though not quite so deep in colour. Those of the crown are rather
golden than yellowish as they are usually described.

25. Anas Bernicla. Brent Goose.

Gmel. i. 513. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 844. Wil. An. Orn. viii. 131. Fahr. 41. Faun. Suec. 115. Br'dn. 52.
Temm. 824. — Brent Goose. Syn. vi. 467. Arc. Zool. no. 478.

Breed in great numbers on the islands in the Polar Sea. The plumage of
the female is less vivid during the height of the season than that of the male ;
she is also rather smaller, the average difference in their length exceeding an
inch.

26. Anas Spectabilis. King Duck.

Greenl. Birds, no. 26. Temm. S51.

This species as well as the preceding are very abundant in the North
Georgian Islands, having their nests on the ground in the neighbourhood of
fresh water-ponds, and feeding on the aquatic vegetation. The egg is
shorter than that of the Eider Duck, rather broader across in the widest
part, and more tapering ; of a cinereous olive colour, not whitish, as stated
erroneously by Montague, but less green than the egg of the Eider. Mr.
Temminck’s description of the male bird is generally correct ; but he has
omitted to notice the peculiarity of the tertial feathers of the wing, which curve
outwards in a remarkable manner over the primaries ; nor can the colour of the
wings be called a deep black, being ferruginous, especially in the inner webs.

ccviii

APPENDIX.

The plumage of the female very much resembles that of the female Eider,
but the two species may be always distinguished by the bill, the gibbous
part of which is arched on the top in the King, and flattened in the Eider.
The bill of the latter is also longer, and the feathers on the side of the upper
mandible extend as low down as they do on the lower mandible, which is

}itj:

not the case in the King Duck. The colours of the plumage of the head and

' i'' ^ ’

neck of the Eider nearly correspond with those of the body, whereas in the
King they are much lighter. Some of the f^niale Kings which were killed
had the whole of their under parts an uniform dark brown, whilst others had
more or less of dark markings on a lighter ground. The hind toeg in both
sexes are smaller than those of the Eider.

A young male was killed, towards the end of- September, which bore the
same resemblance to the female as the young male Eider does to the fenjalo
of its own species.

27. Anas Mollissima. Eider Duck.

Greenl. Birds, no. 27. Temm. 848.

Is abundant on the shores of Davis’ Strait and Baffin’s Bay ; but, deriving
its food principally from the sea, was not met with after the entrance of the
ships into the Polar Ocean, where so little open water is found. The females
were without the white bands on the wings, which are described by authors.

28. Anas Glacialis. Long-tailed Duck.

Greenl. Birds, no. 28. Temm. 860.

Breeds in the North Georgian Islands^ but is not commo^n ,the_i:e,. A male
bird was obtained in June, corresponding precisely wi^h^the individual^killed
in Baffin’s Bay in the summer of 1818, which furnished the description of^tke
full-breeding plumage in the JVlewiozV o/" the Greenland Birds^.^ An,j apeount oP
this state of plumage is yet wanting to complete the histo^ry of this spepip^
in Mr. Temminck’s second edition. The plumage of a young . male, killed

ZOOLOGY.

CCIX

on the 22d of June, corresponds precisely with Mr. Temminck’s male of one
or two years old.

... •

29. CoLYMBUS Septentrionalis. Red-throated Diver.

Greeni Blinds, no. 16'. Temm. 916.

Breeds in the neighbourhood of fresh water-ponds on the shores of Baffin’s
Bay and Davis’ Strait. The young birds, killed in September, were in

i, -V,. i V...i ' * >• ■ ‘

the plumage in which they have been called C. Stellatus. But when nest-
lings, the feathers of the back, scapulars, and wing coverts were margined
with white.

30. URia BRunnichii. Briinnich’s Guillemot.

GreenV. Birds, no. \4i. Temm. 924.

In the account of this species in* the Memoir of the Greenland Birds, an
inference was dratvn* that' it undergoes the' same changes of plumage from
season ‘as 'the U'. Troile. This inference has been subsequently confirmed ;
the specimens which were killed early in June having the throat and neck
white, unmixed with black. Towards the end of June the change was in pro-
gress ; and, by the second week in July, as many were found in perfect
summer plumage, with black throats and necks, as were still in change.

In Temminck’s second edition he has omitted to notice the yellow margin
of the upper mandible of the bill, a peculiarity which serves well to distin-
guish this species from the U. Troile. In the living bird, and in the height
of the summer season, the' colour is a deep yellow ; though iii preserved
specimens it ' appears mhch fainter, and approaching to horn. Both the Uria
Troile and Briinnichii are found on the shores of the northern seas of Europe ;
but the Troile is not known to inhabit those of* North "America.

31, Uria GRylle. Black Guillemot.

Greenl. Birds, no. 15, Temm. 925.

These birds, which are so numerous in Davis’ Strait and Baffin’s Bay,
were rarely seen in the Polar Sea.

ccx

APPENDIX.

32. Uria Alle, Little Auk.

Temm. 928. — Alca Alle. Greenl. Birds, no. 13.

The reasoning on which Temminck has been induced to alter the generic
name of this species is satisfactory ; the bird does not, indeed, wholly accord
with the characters either of the Alca or Uria, being intermediate between
them ; but it appears preferable that it should be ranged under the latter.
This species, as well as the preceding, is not common in the Polar Sea ; its
great breeding station is in the northern part of Baffin’s Bay.

These thirty-two species comprise the whole of the birds which were seen
within the Arctic circle under circumstances which admitted of their being
identified ; and are exclusive of a species of Numenius, three individuals of
which flew past one of the ships’ boats in Prince Regent’s Inlet; and a species
of Hirundo, (possibly Riparia,) which the Serjeant of Artillery, who had a
good knowledge of birds, stated that he saw on two occasionsdn the excursion
across Melville Island, in June, 1820.

In the Memoir on the Greenland Birds, fifty-four species were enumerated, as
comprehending the whole of those which have been described by authors to
inhabit Greenland and its coasts ; the present voyage has added one species
to this list, the Falco Tinnunculus, an individual of which flew off to the ship,
when passing Cape Farewell on the passage home, and was killed.

The Procellaria Puffinus, which had escaped notice on the first voyage, was
also seen in great abundance off Cape Farewell ; it is the bird which is called
by the Whalers the Cape Hen ; these two species are not included in the
present account, which is limited to birds seen Avithin the Arctic circle.

ccxi

FISH.

Salmo ?

Two individuals of a species of salmon were brought from a lake, supposed
to be about 20 miles distant from the sea, by the party who lost their way, •
and were absent four days on an excursion in Melville Island in September,
1819; they described the lake as abounding in similar fish, of the same
size as the specimens, which were three inches in length ; the situation of
the lake, and its direction from the ships were unfortunately so uncertain
as to defeat all subsequent research. The specimens, having been several
hours in the pocket of one of the party, who were unprovided with conveniences
for their better conveyance, were not in a state to justify the assignment of a spe-
cific name or character. The colour appeared to have been a silvery white,
pure beneath and marbled above the lateral line by very minute dark spots
arranged in clusters, very thick around the eyes, and on the points of the
upper and lower jaw ; the nose rounded and blunt, the upper jaw rather ex-
ceeding the lower ; gill covers in two pieces, membrane eight rayed ; the
ventral fin opposite to the midille of the first dorsal ; the tail tolerably forked.
P. 13. V. 9. A. 10. D. 11. C. more than 30.

The species seems to be nearly allied to the char (S. Alpinus); but the
nose is more obtuse, and the tail more forked.

Merlangus Carbonarius. Coal Fish.

Taken by the trawl on the west coast of Davis’ Strait ; specimens from four
to five inches long.

Merlangus Polaris.

Caught in a net whilst swimming on the surface amongst ice in Baffin’s Bay ;

CCXll

APPENDIX.

in length between five and six inches : it is the same fish, of which an individual
was brought home by the former Expedition, and was named by Dr. Leach.
This species is very nearly allied to the Gadus Virens of authors, from which,
however, it may be distinguished by the third dorsal fin being larger than the
two anterior, whereas in the Virens the middle one is the largest : the lower
jaw also rather exceeds the upper; the tail is slightly forked. — D. 14*, 16, 19.
P. 18. V. 6. A. 17,22. C. 42.

Merlangus ?

Three individuals, fifteen inches in length, of a species of Merlangus, were
found in the ice which covered the harbour in which the ships wintered ;
they were frozen in the ice near its surface, and it was supposed must have
been dead on the water when the frost set in ; they were so much decayed
that it was not possible to identify the species. The lower jaw was ob-
served to exceed the upper a very little ; both jaws were armed with teeth,
the hinder ones of the lower jaw being tricuspidate ; it could not be de-
termined whether the species is cirrated. — P. 18. V. 6. D. 13, 19, 20.
A. 20. 20. C. 40.

Liparis Communis.

Several individuals were taken in the trawl on the west coast of Davis’
Strait, in latitude 70 degrees. They differed in no respect from the unctuous
Sucker of our coasts.

Blennius Polaris.

B. imberbis, pinnis anali, caudali, dorsalique, unitis.

The individual here described was found on the shore of North Georgia, '
where it had been left by the ebb tide, in September 1819, It bears a very
near resemblance to the description and figure of the B. Viviparus, in Muller's

ZOOLOGY.

CCXlll

Zool. Dan. v. 2, p. 22, pi. 57, but differs in the following particulars : the dorsal
fin is united to the anal and caudal ; the pectoral fin is not orbicular, as its
length exceeds twice its breadth; the number of rays 15. The teeth, though
small, are sufficiently conspicuous to the naked eye ; the colour a yellowish
ground, lighter under the belly, having eleven large saddle-shaped brown
markings across the back ; the middle of these markings being much lighter
than their edges, the whole back and sides have a marbled appearance ; the
yellowish ground, when viewed in a microscope, is thickly sprinkled with
minute black spots. No scales were detected by the microscope, but they
may possibly have been removed with the sand which had adhered to the
mucous coating of the skin, and which was washed off. Length seven inches.
The upper jaw projects rather more than the plate of the B. Viviparus in the
Zool. Dan. Ventral fins of two spines enclosed in a lax skin. This species
is distinguished from the B. Lumpenus, by the union of the dorsal and caudal
fins, and by the upper jaw being considerably longer than the lower ; and
from the B. Ocellatus, Mem. de Peters, t. 3, pi, 8, f. 2, by the ventral fins which
are wanting in the Ocellatus, as well as by the absence of the spots on the
dorsal fin of the latter.

CoTTus Quadricornis.

Two individuals of this species, from five to six inches long, were the only
produce of the seine at Melville Island. They agreed in all respects with
the description and plate of the C. Quadricornis in the Ichthyology of Block,
vol. 3, page 146, plate 108.

CoTTUs Polaris.

C. imberbis, capite spinis duabus, operculis spinis quatuor, armatis,

A species of Cottus, similar in its habits to the C. Gobio, was very
abundant on the shores of North Georgia, inhabiting the pools of water left
by the ebbing of the tide, and the mouths of the small rivulets by which the
snow on melting found its way to the sea ; the largest individual did not equal

2 d 2

CCXIV

APPENDIX.

two inches in length ; the head is more compressed, and not so much flattened
as in the preceding well-known species, and is armed with two strong spines
directed backwards, placed before and between the eyes : the gill covers are
also each armed with four strong spines ; the pectoral fins are larger in pro-
portion than those of the Gobio, and the upper jaw rather exceeds the lower ;
the lateral lines are furnished with a series of small tubercles directed
backwards; colour light, with clusters of minute dusky spots. D. 6, 13.
P. 15. V. 5. A. 14. C. 14.

SPECIMENS of the very few insects which were seen by the Expedition
whilst within the Arctic Circle, having been sent to the Rev. William
Kirby, of Barham, Suffolk, the following account and description of them
have been received from that gentleman ;

“ Otho Fabricius, in his Fauna Groenlandica (if we exclude the Crustacea,)
has described only 79 species of insects and Arachnidce, and of insects proper
only 63, which he collected during a residence of six years in West Green-
land ; and Professor Hooker speaks of those of Iceland as being very few in
number (^); it was therefore to be expected that in a station more than ten
degrees to the northward of the theatre of their researches, the numbers of
the insect world would be very greatly reduced ; and it will not excite much
surprise, that only six species should have been collected in that high lati-
tude, from the beginning of September to the beginning of August, the
period during which the Expedition remained in Winter Harbour. It is pro-
bable, however, that some may have escaped observation, and others might
possibly make both their annual appearance and retreat during the month of
August. The birds also that frequent the island have, doubtless, their

(“) Recollections of Iceland, 1st edit. 272.

ZOOLOGY.

CCXV

parasites, and the rein-deer would be annoyed, it is not unlikely, by its pecu-
liar winged pest, (Estrus Tarandi.

“ In Greenland, every order of insects has its representatives, except Ortho-
ptera and Hemiptera ; but in Melville Island, besides these, no Coleopterous or
Neuropterous species was observed, and even the mosquito (Cw/ea:, Linn.) the
torment of the Laplander and Greenlander, as well as of the native of tro-
pical regions, appears not to have extended there its annoying reign.

Order LEPIDOPTERA.

Genus Bombyx. Fab.

“ Sabini, B. cinereous, wings incumbent, antennas of the male setaceous,
bipectinate at the base, with short rays.

Expansion of the wings one inch.

“ Descr. Male. The whole body of this insect is of a uniform cinereous or
fusco-cinereous colour, except that the under side of the wings is rather paler
than the upper. Tongue rather long, like that of a Noctuaov Phalcena. Feelers
recurved, very hairy, consisting of two joints? Antennas setaceous bipectinate
for abouthalf their length, with a single pair of short rays emerging from each
of the branching joints, the otherjoints are hairy underneath. Wings incumbent,
rather longer than wide, fringed at the end. Tibias armed in the middle with
a long spur. Abdomen thickish, tufted at the end. Anal forceps, consisting
of two horny concavo-convex reddish pieces, dilated at the top, and rounded.

“ According to the modern system, this species might probably be regarded
as belonging to a new genus, but the specimens are too much injured to ena-
ble me to get a clear idea of the Palpi — if admitted as such, it might be named
Psychophora, From the length of the tongue it seems to come between the
other Bombycidce and Noctua, though in habit and stature it approximates to
Phaloena, Fab, It was found in a swampy part of Melville Island.

" Two or three specimens of a caterpillar were obtained in Melville Island,
one of which • was brought to England ; — They were found wandering

CCXVl

APPENDIX.

in the neighbourhood of Salix arctica and Saxifraga oppositifolia ; it does not
appear to belong to the moth just described, being, apparently, too large.
It is of that tribe of caterpillars which Reaumur calls Chenilles d brasses,
the perfect insects of which constitute the genus Laria of Schranck, for in-
stance, Bombyx fascelina. Fab., &c. It has six true legs, and ten spurious or
membranaceous ones, {Propedes, Kirby and Spence.) The body is thickly
covered with very long hairs of a dirty tawny colour ; in the middle of the
back are three small pale orange brushes, just before which is a long black
one, or rather three confluent black ones, and another of the same colour at
the tail, all forming pencils of longer converging hairs. It appears not to
have arrived at its full size.

Order HYMENOPTERA.

Genus Bombus. Latr. Fab. Jurine, Apis. * * e. 2. Kirby.)

“ Arcticus. B. black, with the base and apex of the thorax and the anterior
half of the abdomen pale yellow.

Length of the body, '^^}j\Unes.

Synonym. Apis alpina, O. Fabr. Fn. Grceriland. 155.

“ Descr. Female. Body covered with long black hairs, but those that clothe
the base and apex of the thorax, and the anterior half of the upper side of the
abdomen, are of a pale yellow. Some black hairs are visible at the base of
the last yellow segment of this part of the body. The antennae are as long
as the head. The wings are a little tinged with brown, and their nervures
are black. The tarsi are covered with short reddish hairs,

“ Male much smaller than the female. The hairs of the whole trunk, or
intermediate segment of the body, are pale yellow intermixed with some black
ones. The legs, also, particularly the anterior pair, are clothed with long
yellowish hairs. The antennae, which have a joint more than those of the
female, and are considerably longer than the head, and the smaller mandibulae

ZOOLOGY.

CCXVll

prove this specimen to be a male, but the posterior tibiae are without hairs
upon their surface, and are fringed with long ones, forming what Reaumur
calls the Corbeille, (Corbicula, Kirby,) usually peculiar to the females, in which
they carry the masses of pollen-paste, which is the reverse of what is observed
in other male humble bees.

“ The insect before us differs so slightly from the description which
O. Fabricius has given of that which he mistook ^ov the Apis alpina of Linne, that
there can be little or no doubt of their identity. He confesses that his speci-
mens (and this bee appears to have abounded in West Greenland, as it was
also observed to do in Melville Island, and wherever the Expedition landed
within the Arctic Circle) did not in all things agree with the characters assigned
to that species. But he states, that as Linnfe had seen only a single specimen,
he did not think himself at liberty to make a new species on account of an insig-
nificant difference. Although, however, Linn6 had seen this bee only once, it
has since been more frequently taken, and having received specimens of it
from Sweden, through the kindness of Major Gyllenhal, which agree with the
Linnean description in every point but size, (a circumstance easily explained
by supposing the original specimen a queen, and those sent to me neuters,)
can venture to assert that the two insects are perfectly distinct. Bombus alpi-
ms is entirely black, with the upper side of the abdomen, all but the base
covered with orange-coloured or ferruginous hairs. The antennae, also of the
female or neuter (an important distinction in a genus, the species of which are
usually only distinguished by the colour of their hirsuties) are proportionally
shorter, and the short hairs that cover the tarsi are black.

“ Scarcely any genus of the insect creation has so large a range as this of
Bombus. It is found in the old world and in the new, and from the limits of
phaenogamous vegetation to the equator, but its metropolis appears to be within
the temperate zone. The range of the species in question seems limited by
the Arctic Circle, and to go from Greenland only westward, for it does not ap-
pear to have been seen in Lapland or Iceland (’*), or other eastern parts of that
circle.

(“) ttookQx's B.ecollections of Iceland. 1st Edit. 34.

CCXVlll

APPENDIX.

Order DIPTERA.

Genus Ctenophora, Meigen.

“ Parrii. Ct. black, wings brownish, with a white marginal spot towards the
apex, surmounted by a black one, tip of the margin of the abdominal
segment pale.

Length of the body, 5| hines.

“ Descr. Female. Body blackish, with a tinge of slate colour, with the ab-
dominal segments tipped with pale. Antennae shorter than the thorax, subse-
taceous, serrated. Wings brownish towards their apex, at the exterior
margin is a white spot crowned by a black one. Legs long and slender.

The male of this species has probably bipectinate antennae. Tipula pecti-
nicornis, Linn, is congenerous with it. This insect abounded about pools
of fresh water.

Genus Chironomus. Meigen.

“ Polaris. Ch. black, abdomen hairy, wings lacteous.

Length of the body, 4 Lines.

“ Descr. Male. Body of a deep black, somewhat hairy. Antennae plumose.
Wings a little shorter than the body, of a milky hue, but reflecting the pris-
matic colours, with the marginal nervures black, abdomen slender and more
hairy than the rest of the body. This species is nearly related to the Tipula
slercoraria of De Geer, but is more than twice its size.

“ The two insects last described seem to replace the hosts of gnats, (Culex)
that are so troublesome, even in high latitudes, to navigators. The species of
the Chironomus genus, in particular, in this country, often appear dancing in the
sun-beams in the depth of winter, when the Culex is torpid; it was therefore
to be expected that their range would approach nearer to the poles than that
of Culex. The species here described is larger than most of the southern ones
that I have seen.

ZOOLOGY.

CCXIX

“ Besides the above insects, a very minute spider was seen in abundance,
running over the plants, and on the ground, and leaping when alarmed. I
have seen only a single specimen, which was so much injured that I cannot
be positive as to the genus, but from its jumping, it most probably is a spe-
cies of Salticus, Lath. (Attus, Walck.) I, at first, took it for a variety of Aranea
rufipes, (O. Fabr. 206) ; but as ihe characters glaberrima, pedibus testaceis, do
not agree with it, it may be considered as a new species.

Melvillensis. S. black ; legs piceous, hairy ; abdomen hairy.

Length of the body about If lines.

This was the only species which Captain Sabine observed on the island.”

INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS.

The Genera, into which the several species of invertebrate animals have
been distributed, are those of the system of the Chevalier de Lamarck,
Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Verthbres.

The object which has been chiefly attempted in the present account has
been to identify those species which have been previously described, and
to compare the individuals with the descriptions of original observers, refer-
ring to the works in which they are noticed, and marking any differences
which may have appeared in the comparison ; and to furnish descriptions
of the previously unknown species, sufficiently extended to enable the several
systematic writers to arrange them in Genera according to their respective
views and systems.

ccxx

APPENDIX.

Beroe Ovum,

Faun. Green. No. 355.

Baffin’s Bay ; not unfrequent, but very delicate in texture, and difficult to
procure for examination without injury. This species is easily distinguishable
from others, as well by its very long cirri, as by the inequality of its ribs and
their included sides ; the body being laterally compressed, and the ribs on
the compressed sides (two in each) smaller than the others, and ending before
they reach the terminal apertures ; whereas the four ribs between which the
uncompressed sides are included, have no termination, but run into each
other, completing the circumference ; the openings into the central internal
cavity are between the latter.

In a note in the Rhgnt Animal, 4, 59, it is supposed that the Beroe Ovum of
O, Fabricius, and the Medusa Pileus of Gmelin, are the same species ; but the
above-mentioned particulars (which are also noticed by Fabricius,) distinguish
them apart, and place the B. Ovum in a different subgenus of the Regne
Animal, viz., the Callianire of Pdron.

Beroe Cucumis.

Fau7i. Green. No. 353.

Common in Baffin’s Bay, and on the coast of New Georgia ; agreeing in
all respects with the description in the Faim. Green., except that Fabricius
has omitted to mention the lateral openings of the ovaries. This species
is well distinguished from others by the absence of cirri, by its red colour,
caused by innumerable minute red spots on the surface of the internal cavity
seen through its transparent body ; and by the ribs, as well as the sides
between them, being similar and equal, the former running into and ending
in the terminal apertures.

ZOOLOGY.

CCXXl

Beroe Pileus.

. Faun. Green. No. 354.

'‘t

Beroe Globuleux. Enci/cl. Meth. PI. xc. f. 3, 4.

In Davis’ Strait and Baffin’s Bay ; frequently rising to the surface amongst
ice, having eight ciliate ribs most beautifully resplendent with green and red.

Dian.®a Glacialis.

Plate 1, fig. 1.

D. campanulata, pistillo ore quadrangulare, costis quatuor cirri-productis.

In Baffin’s Bay and the adjacent seas, but rare ; body hyaline, campanulate,
the margin not ciliate ; length usually under half an inch, and the diameter
under a quarter of an inch ; peduncle tubular, flesh-coloured, capable of ex-
tension to more than twice the length of the body, enlarged and quadrangular
near the mouth, which distends to receive its prey ; from the base of the
peduncle proceed four delicate blood-red costee, terminating at the margin in
soft granular cirri, which can be extended at pleasure to more than an inch in
length, or contracted to less than a quarter.

This species is allied to the Dianaea digitala (Medusa Digitale, Faun. Green.
No. 361,) and still nearer to the D. Papillata, (Medusa Papillata, Zool. Dan. 4.
24. tab. 140.) but the margin is without the ciliae of the former, or the globes
of the latter. It falls under the Genus Geryonia of P6ron, Ann. du Museum

Cyanea Arctica.

Lam. V. 2. p. 519. Medusa capillata, Faun. Green. No. 358.

Is frequent in Barrow’s Strait and in the Polar Sea, varying considerably
in size, being usually from seven to nine inches in diameter ; a small space
of open water being made by the removal of the ice in Winter Harbour in the
month of May, several individuals rose immediately to the surface, which were

CCXXll

APPENDIX.

observed to differ from each other in the number of compartments into which the
disc is divided, without relation to the size of the animal, the compartments
being never less than seven, or more than eleven, and similar ; all are composed
of two rays formed by longitudinal fibres with a deep middle furr(^. The pel-
lucid, membranaceous process to which the central appendages and tentaculae
are attached, was connected with the undersurface of the disc in three nearly
equidistant places in the greater number of individuals, leaving three inter-
mediate openings into the central cavity of the body ; but in a few it was cru-
ciform and connected in four places, making four entrances instead of three ;
in all other respects the several specimens agreed with each other.

Ophiura Texturata.

Lam. V. ‘2, p. 542. No. 1.— Stella lacertosa, Link, tab. ii. f. 4.

Taken very abundantly in the trawl in Davis’ Strait.

Ophiura Fragilis.

Lam. V. 2. p. 546. No. 12.— Asterias fragilis, Zool. Dan. v. 3. p. 28. tab. 98.

Taken in the trawl with the preceding species.

Asterias Papposa.

Faun. Green. No. 364.

Several individuals with twelve rays, and one with eleven, were taken in
the trawl on the west coast of Davis’ Strait, corresponding, in all respects,
with the minute description referred to.

This species is justly remarked by Fabricius to appear radiate when viewed
from above, and stellate, when turned on its back.

ZOOLOGY.

CCXXllI

Asterias Rubens.

Faun. Green. No. 362.

A single specimen was taken at the same time as the preceding species.

Asterias Violacea.

Zool. Dan. tab. 46.

Two specimens were taken in the trawl in from twelve to eighteen fathoms’
water on the western coast of Davis’ Strait, in lat. 70° ; they were both six-
rayed, a variety which does not appear to have fallen under the notice of
Muller, who mentions from one to five rays only.

The specific name of Violacea seems particularly inappropriate to a species
which varies so much in colour as the present ; individuals being found
occasionally red, blue, grey, and even black ; those under description were
rather red than violet.

Asterias Polaris.

A. pentagona, pagina superiore tesselato-grenulata, margine articulato spinoso.

Plate 1, fig. 2, 3.

I

A single specimen was taken by a drag-net on the coast of Melville Island ;
body plane, pentagonal, the sides lunate ; margin obtuse, articulated, and fur-
nished with a double row of small spines ; the articulations in number 150 are
continued on the inferior surface to the grooves of the feet, the grooves
being broad, with fleshy pectinate feet ; mouth central, simple ; back tes-
selated with hexagonal superficial granulations, having in the centre a fleshy
papilla, capable of being protruded more than three-tenths of an inch, but
when retracted, appearing only as a central spot ; when viewed by a micro-
scope, the papilla is seen to be furnished with minute and delicate vesicles.

CCXXIV

APPENDIX.

Nais Ciliata.

N. proboscide cylindrico aculeis minutis reflexis hispido, margins antico ciliato.

Nereis ciliata, MiiZZ. Zool. Dan., v, 3.p. 14. tab. 89. f. 1~4.

Several individuals, corresponding to the description and plate of Muller’s
Nereis Ciliata, were taken in a drag-net off one of the North Georgian Islands:
they were observed to have the power of exerting or of retracting the seta?
of the tail at pleasure, which may explain the circumstance mentioned by
Muller, of a specimen having been received from the Feroe Islands, in which
the setae appeared to be deficient.

Ascidia Globifera.

A. pedunculo longo, scabro ; corpore subreniformi ; aperturis distantibus quadrifidis.

Lara. V. 3. p. 127. — Ascidia Clavata, Faun. Green. No. 323.

Several individuals were taken by the trawl on the west coast of Davis’ Strait,
in lat. 70°. This species is described in the Faun. Grosn. under the specific
name of Clavata, which name has been applied, with more propriety, to the
Ascidia figured by Pallas, Zool.,\0. p.25.t. l.f. 16, which is distinguished
by the two apertures being approximate, and terminal instead of lateral ; the
shape of the body of the present species is well characterized by Pabricius as

ovatum, subreniforme,” (preferable to the corpore subgloboso of Lamarck ;)
and the apertures as “ lateribus rugosis eminentibus, altera versus apicem
sursum, altera versus basin deorsum tendente.” The mouth of both aper-
tures is in the figure of a cross, in which respect it differs from the A. Pedun-
culata, Brugiere Diet. No. 12, Encycl. Meth. pi. 6. f. l^, quoted by Lamarck
as a synonym of the present species, but in which only the superior aperture
is so distinguished, and the inferior is expressly described as simple: the
peduncle is rough and hairy.

ZOOLOGY.

CCXXV

Nymphum Grossipes.

Pycnogonum Grossipes Faun, Green. No. 310. Zool. Dan. v. 3. p. 67. t. 119?

Abundant at ebb tide on the shores of the North Georgian Islands, agree-
ing in all respects with the minute description of O. Fabricius, 1. c., except
in the palpi, (described as antennae,) which in these specimens were of five
instead of four articulations, the first being very short and tubular ; Fabricius
has also omitted to notice that the tarsi are jointed; the first joint is shorter
than the second.

The account annexed to the figure of the P. Grossipes in the Zool. Dan.,
refers to this description of Fabricius as being a most perfect one;
but on comparing the figure with the description, and both with the
.specimens under notice, the following differences are observable ; the middle
and longest joint of the haunch appears short in the figure ; the first joint of
the tarsus is longer than the second ; the fingers of the mandibles are not of
equal length, and the palpi are proportionably shorter in comparison with the
rostrum. It may be inferred from these differences that the P. Grossipes
figured in the Zool. Dan., is neither the P. Grossipes of Fabricius, nor the
present species.

There are three essential points in which the species under description differs
from the N. Gracile and N. Femoratum of Dr. Leach, Zool. Misc. vol. i. t. 19 ;
in the fingers of the mandibles, which curve in a contrary direction to each
other, and meet only at the point instead of along their whole inner edge; in
the palpi being of five instead of six joints ; and in the first joint of the tarsi
being shorter than the second. These points are not indeed expressly men-
tioned in the specific description of the N. gracile and femoratum, but they
are inferred, as forming a part of the prefixed character of Dr. Leach’s Genus
Nymphum; the thighs of the present species being compressed, (more in
some individuals than in others,) give it in other respects a near resemblance
to the Femoratum.

CCXXVl

APPENDIX.

Nymphum Hirsutus.

N. pedibus longissimis hirsutis, mandibularum digitis inequalibus per totam longitudinem conni-
ventibus.

Nymphum Hirtum, Fabr. Syst. Ent. v. 4. p. 417?

A second species of Nymphum was found associated with the preceding,
which it resembles in general conformation and size, but differs in the follow-
ing particulars : the legs, mandibles, and palpi, are thickly set with hair ;
the curved fingers of the mandibles are not of equal length, and meet along
their whole inner edge ; the thighs are cylindrical, and not compressed in
any individual ; the first joint of the tarsus is extremely short; and the
rostrum does not narrow towards its termination, as does that of the N,
Grossipes.

Phoxichilus Proboscideus.

Ph. proboscide corpore duplo longiore, mandibulis nullis, palpis inungulatis.

One perfect, and several imperfect, individuals of an undescribed species of
the class Pycnogonides, were found at ebb tide on the shores of the North
Georgian Islands. In the arrangement of Lamarck, this species is compre-
hended in the genus Phoxichilus, and establishes a sub-division of the genus
which had been anticipated, characterized by “ palpi without mandibles.’’

Body ovate, of four segments with lateral tubercles for the articulation of
the legs, convex on the back, one segment only, the anterior, being marked
by a transverse line : proboscis more than twice the length of the body,
being one inch eight-tenths, and the body three-quarters of an inch long. This
huge proboscis is nearly cylindrical, the extremity obtuse, with a triangular
perforation, which influences in some measure the external shape. The dia-
meter of the proboscis at the insertion and for a quarter of its length two-
tenths of an inch, widening suddenly to thirty-five hundredths, and gradually to
above four-tenths at the end. The anterior segment furnishes the palpi, and in
the female the spurious legs ; and has on the back a conical tubercle, on which
two eyes only were distinguishable in the most perfect specimen, when it was

ZOOLOGV.

CCXXYll

first brought on board the Hecla, at which time it had been dead for some days ;
the number of eyes are, however, most probably four, as is the case in its con-
geners. The palpi are longer than the proboscis, tubular, rather compressed
and tapering, without claw or nail, of ten articulations, whereof the two first
are nodular, the 3d half the length of the proboscis, 4th very short, 5th bend-
ing downwards, half the length of the 3d, and the remainder, short, bending
upwards, the 7th being rather the longest. The spurious feet are also tubular,
ten articulate exclusive of a tubercle, the three first short nodular, 4th and
6th longer than the body, 5th short, the others still shorter, bristled beneath
and terminated by a sharp nail. Legs eight, similar, cylindrical, nearly equal
in length which is six inches; haunches three-jointed, equal, short, nodular ;
thighs rather shorter than the proboscis ; tibiae of two joints, equal, each
two-thirds the length of the thigh. Tarsi also of two joints, the first being
the longest, terminated by a strong and simple nail ; posterior extremity of
the body straight, tubular, with an opening at the end.

Idotea Entomon.

Entomon Pyramidale, Klein. Dub. 38. Fig. 1 & 2. — Oniscus Entomon, Pall, Spicil Zool. fasc. ix.
p. 64. Tab. 5. f. 1—6.

A fine specimen above three inches in length was found at ebb tide on the
beach of Melville Island, being the same animal which is represented by
Klein, under the name of Entomon Pyramidale, and referred to by Linnasus in
the 10th edition of the Syst. Nat., as his Oniscus Entomon ; as such it was again
figured and described by Pallas, with whose minute description the present
individual corresponded in all respects; the O. Entomon of British writers, espe-
cially of Pennant, Brit. Zool. v. iv. p. 38. pi. 19. f. 5. is a distinct species,
never attaining the size of the present, and differing in the conformation of the
anterior legs, and of the tail ; the Idotea Entomon of Dr. Leach, Lin. Tr. vol.xi.
p. 364 (cauda apice tridmtatd) is the Oniscus Entomon of Pennant, but not of
LinnaBus, both of which are referred to as synonyms by Dr. Leach ; the specific
character of the Entomon of Linnaeus (cauda subulatd) marking the distinction.

CCXXVlll

APPENDIX.

Idotea Baffin!.

I. linearis, antennis externis corpore longioribus dorso spinoso, caudse segmento ultimo elongate,
apice subulate.

Plate 1, fig. 4 — 6.

Brought up by the trawl in considerable numbers from twenty fathoms
depth, coarse sandy bottom, on the west coast of Baffin’s Bay, in latitude 71°.
Exterior antennae usually about one-sixth longer than the body, of four
tubular, cylindrical articulations, exclusive of a peduncle ; the second and
third equal, and longer than the terminal, which is annulate. Inner antennae
not larger than the peduncles of the exterior pair, of three filiform articulations
on a compressed fleshy peduncle, (fig, 6 magnified.) Eyes reniform ; body
linear, subcylindrical, of six segments exclusive of the head and tail, which
last consists of two segments besides the terminal ; the third segment of the
body is equal in size to the two on either side. Legs fourteen, five
jointed ; first pair short, soft, compressed, ciliate beneath ; second, third, and
fourth pairs similar, laterally compressed, with long ciliaB on the anterior
edge, directed forward and increasing successively in size ; the second joint
of these legs is much shorter than the others ; fifth, sixth, and seventh pairs
similar, decreasing in size, stout, tubular, and cylindrical, terminated by a
strong curved nail. Abdomen with a four-valved receptacle. Branchiae five
pair, fleshy and ciliae, the two first with long peduncles ; covered by a strong
and single plate, acuminate at the termination, and shut in by two longi-
tudinal plates beneath ; these are channelled down the middle, attached by
the exterior side, and unfold from their junction in the middle. The back
is armed with a double row of strong spines, two on each segment, which
are strongest towards the tail ; the back, tail, antennae and legs hirsute ; the
females were observed to have their young attached to the exterior antennae.

ZOOLOGY.

CCXXIX

Gammarus Nugax.

Cancer Nugax, Phipps’ Voyage, 1. 12, f. 3.

Abundant on the shores of the Polar Sea at ebb tide.

Gammarus Ampulla.

Cancer Ampulla, Phipps, t. 12, f. 2.

Several specimens were taken by the trawl in the Polar Sea and in Davis’
Strait.

Gammarus Boreus.

G. caudee dorso spinoso, oculis lunatis, pedibus quatuor anticis chelatis, pari septimo praecedentibus
longiore.

Squilla Pulex. Degeer Ins., v. 7, p. 525, t. 33, f. 1. and 2.

Abundant in pools of water left by the ebb tide on the shores of the Polar
Sea. This species so much resembles in general appearance others which
are found in similar situations, that a more detailed description than usual
is required, for the purpose of discrimination. Individuals vary in size from
half an inch to an inch and a half.' Body convex, laterally compressed, of
seven smooth imbricate segments, prolonged in lateral lobes which increase
successively in size to the fourth, the fifth, sixth and seventh being longer
and narrower, detached from the segments, and attached to the thighs ; tail
of six segments, the three first produced in lobes larger than those of the
body, and acuminating to a sharp point, directed backwards ; the fourth,
fifth, and sixth segments are less than the preceding, slightly tricarinate on the
back, and spinous; the uppor antennae rather the longest, being equal in length
to the head and four first segments ; both pairs are composed of a three-
jointed peduncle, terminated by a setaceous member, flexible by annular ar-
ticulations ; the third joint of the peduncle of the upper pair, and the first of
the lower, short, the latter with a small spine at the base ; the last joint
of the upper antennae is much longer than that of the lower, and has a small

2 f 2

ccxxx

APPENDIX.

seta at the base. Head rounded, obtuse, without a rostrum ; eyes black,
lunate, at the base of the upper attennas ; legs fourteen ; the two first pair
with a strong compressed hand, monodactyle ; the hand of the second pair
broadest ; third and fourth pairs, alike and similar in size, directed forward,
slim, and compressed, five-articulate (the second joint being very short), and
ending in a curved nail ; similar to these are the fifth, sixth, and seventh
pairs, but directed backwards, the nails curving forward ; these three last
pairs are unequal in size, increasing successively from the fifth to the
seventh, the sixth pair being considerably the smallest. The less are setose,
especially at the joints. Swimmers three pair, being each a fleshy peduncle,
with two plume-shaped branchial terminations ; the fourth and fifth caudal
segments are furnished with a pair of lateral bifurcate style processes, the
outer style of the second pair being shorter than the inner ; the sixth
caudal segment terminates in a pair of small lanceolate plates, bristled at
the apex, beneath which are inserted two peduncles, each bifurcating into
oblong, stiff, and narrow plates, the outer of which are larger than the
inner ; colour usually pale, with a small red spot on each of the lateral lobes
of the three first caudal segments. This description applies strictly to the
many specimens which have passed under examination.

The Squilla Pulex figured by Degeer, 1. c., differing in no respect from the
above description, is considered to have been an individual of the same
species, and it is therefore believed to be common to the northern shores
of Europe and America ; the Squilla Pulex has been considered a synonym
of the Gammarus Pulex of modern authors, but erroneously, as may be seen
by comparing the figure in Degeer with that of the Gammarellus Pulex,
Herbst., vol. ii., 130, tab. 36, fig. 4 and 5, which is the Gammarus Pulex
of J. C. Fabricius, Ent. Syst., and of Latreille, Encycl. Meth. pi. 328, fig.
11-15 ; the species are very distinct, differing in the lateral lobes, in the
mucronate production of the caudal segments, in the absence of the carinae
and spines on the three posterior segments of the latter, and in the shape
of the eyes: the Gammarus Pulex of Montagu, Lin7i. Tr. ix. t. 4, f. 2,

ZOOLOGY.

CCXXXl

is a third species, differing not merely in appearance, but in its habits, being
found only in fresh water. The Oniscus Pulex of Otho Fabricius, Faun.
Green., No. 231, differs from the present species in the relative proportions
of the . three posterior pair of legs, the last pair being described by Fabricius
as less than the two preceding, whereas in the Boreus the seventh are longer
than the fifth and sixth pairs. The Oniscus Cancellus of Pallas, Spicil.
Zool. ix. p. 53, tab. 3, f. 18, is distinguished by the lateral scales on the seg-
ments of the body, but in other respects is not very dissimilar to the animal
under description : it may not be amiss to notice incidentally that an error
has crept into the specific character of the Cancellus in the writings of modern
authors, commencing it is believed with J. C. Fabricius, of describing it
with sixteen legs, instead of fourteen, which is the usual number in the
genus; in the original account of the Cancellus, Spicil. Zool.l.c. the number
of legs is fourteen, both in the description and figure.

Gammarus Lorictaus.

G. Rostro corniformi deflexo, dorso carinato, segmentis postice et acute productis.

Plate 1. fig, 7.

This species was found associated with the preceding, and of the same
size, but less abundant ; body laterally compressed, especially the posterior
segments ; shell smooth, and much harder than in its congeners, resembling
a coat of mail, whence the specific name ; back carinate, the segments in-
creasing in length from the first to the tenth, from whence they decrease ;
and beginning with the third or fourth, are produced in sharp and strong
points directed backward ; lateral lobes oblong, enlarging from the first to
the fourth segment, and decreasing to the seventh ; those of the three first
caudal segments are larger than those of the body, and are acuminate ; head
produced into a strong, arched, carinate, and sharp-pointed rostrum, curving
down between the antennae ; eyes large, black, lateral, prominent and reni-
form ; beneath the eyes is a small lateral lobe ; antennae four-articulate, the

CCXXXll

APPENDIX.

upper pair having a small seta at the base of the fourth articulation ; legs
fourteen, two first pair with a large compressed monodactyle hand, those of the
anterior pair being smaller than the others ; third and fourth pairs of the same
length as the preceding, slender, terminating in a nail ; the three posterior
pair directed backward, similar in formation, but differing in size, the middle
and longest pair being as long as the body, and the seventh pair shorter
than the fifth, all terminating in a nail; colour in some individuals pale, in
others varied red and white.

This species differs from the Oniscus Serratus of Fabricius, Faun. Green.
No. 237, in the length and relative proportion of the legs, the three posterior
pairs of the Serratus being described as shorter than the third and fourth pairs,
whereas those of the Loricatus are much longer, the sixth pair are indeed more
than twice as long as either the third or fourth pairs : it also differs in many
essential respects from the Gammarus Carinatus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2, 515,
(Atylus Carinatus, Leech, Zool. Misc. ii, t. 69.) as may be seen on com-
paring it with the figure of the Carinatus in the Zool. Misc,; (the latter
is stated by Dr. Leach to have been taken from the identical specimens
to which Fabricius attached the name of Carinatus ;) the upper antennae of
the Carinatus are shorter than the lower, which, in the arrangement of La-
marck, is not merely a specific but a generic difference. The present species
is sufficiently distinguished by the rostrum from the Gammarellus Pulex,.
Herbst. 230, t. 36. fig. 4* and 5.

Gammarus Sabini.

Leach in Ross’s Voyage, Ed. 8vo., Vol. 2, page 178.

G. segmentis dorsalibus postice falcato productis, capite inter antennas acumine minuto.

Plate I, fig. 8 — 11-

On the shores of Baffin’s Bay, but not met with in the Polar Sea : the
head of this species which terminates in a point between the antennae, instead

ZOOLOGY.

ccxxxiii

of being produced in a rostrum, readily distinguishes it from the pre-
ceding species, and has been added to the specific character assigned by
Dr. Leach, in whose arrangement it was unnecessary, the formation of the
head making part of the character of the genus.

Talitrus Edvardsii.

T. Rostro corniformi, antennis, subeequalibus, corporo ovato depresso, cauda cotnpressa tricarinata
spinosa.

Plate 2, fig. 1 — 4.

Brought up in the trawl on the western coast of Davis’ Strait ; head
produced in an acute depressed rostrum, slightly curving downwards.
Body ovate, depressed, of seven imbricate segments, (the posterior being
much larger than the others,) with small lateral lobes ; tail laterally
compressed, the three anterior segments with large lateral lobes ; the
caudal segments, and the sixth and seventh of the body tricarinate and
spinous, each segment being posteriorly produced on each carina into a
strong spine ; those of the tail being also furnished with an intermediate
smaller spine on the middle carinae ; fourth and fifth caudal segments
small, each furnished with a double style process ; the middle plate of the
tail lanceolate, acute, bifid at the extremity, covering two style processes
similar to the preceding ; eyes large, prominent, black, situated at the
base of the superior antennae, having a small spine on the head between
them ; legs fourteen, the four anterior with a compressed monodactyle
hand; the four next similar and equal, four-articulate, terminated by a
curved nail and directed forward ; the three posterior pair similar, directed
backward, the first and second pair being equal, and less than the third
pair ; colour white, with deep red spots.

In conformity with the arrangement which is followed in the present
account, this species has been considered a Talitrus, as the inferior antennae
are somewhat longer than the superior ; this character is, however, by no

CCXXXIV

APPENDIX.

means remarkable either in this species, or in some others, which are dis-
tributed by it into the respective genera of Talitrus and Gammarus ; if a sub-
division be desirable in the well-defined and natural genus comprehending
all these animals which so nearly resemble each other in general appearance
and habits, the prolongation of the anterior part of the head into a rostrum,
would seem preferable to a distinction founded on the relative length of the
antennae, which in many of the species are so nearly the same ; or, the genus

I

Talitrus might be limited to those species in which the superior antennae are
very short, not exceeding the length of the two first articulations of the in-
ferior pair.

This species has been named in compliment to John Edwards, Esq.,
surgeon of the Hecla.

Talitrus Cyane^.

T. capite obtusissimo, antennis subsequalibus, corpore latiore, pedibus quatuor anticis inunguiculatis.

Plate 1, fig. 12 — 18.

Parasitic on the Cyanea Arctica, the individuals varying in length from two
to eight-tenths of an inch ; colour pale yellowish red, sprinkled with innu-
merable minute spots of deeper red ; in about half the specimens, the num-
ber of which was considerable, the antennae were equal in length to the five
first segments of the body ; in the others, they were scarcely one-fifth as long,
but otherwise similar ; there was no other perceptible difference in the spe-
cimens. The two pair of antennae are so very nearly of the same length, that
it has been by no means easy to decide whether the species should be con-
sidered a Gammarus or a Talitrus ; those of an individual, however, in which
the greatest disproportion existed, have been figured (fig. 14, 15, and 16,) for
the purpose of justifying the ultimate decision; the remarkable conformation
of the head will, doubtless, be considered by many naturalists as a peculiarity
requiring the establishment of a new genus.

Head rounded, and very obtuse ; eyes extremely large, lunate, of a brown-

ZOOLOGY.

CCXXXV

ish red colour; antennae four-articulate, the second and third members very
small, and the terminal setaceous, flexible by annular articulations ; the last
joint of the superior pair is thick and fleshy at the base ; body of seven seg-
ments, broader and less compressed than is usual in its congeners ; caudal
segments four exclusive of the tail itself, more attenuated than those of the
body, but larger; legs fourteen, the four anterior equal and similar, five-
jointed, being a long compressed thigh with four much shorter articulations,
hirsute, and unarmed; the ten posterior legs similar and equal in size, five-
jointed, the thigh being long and much compressed, followed by three short
fleshy joints, (the first of which is the shortest,) and by a long and curved
member, terminated by a nail ; the six posterior legs are directed backward ;
the three anterior caudal segments with each a pair of swimmers; the fourth
caudal segment has on each side a pair of foliaceous styles borne on a two'
jointed cylindrical foot-stalk ; the tail consists of two foliaceous plates, each
terminated by two smaller ones, strongly pointed and articulated to the larger ;
and is also furnished with a second pair of lateral style processes.

This description differs from that of the Cancer Medusarum, Otho Fabri-
cius. Faun, Gran., No. 232, in the number of joints of the legs, and in the
four anterior being unarmed; the conformation of these legs distinguishes it
also from the Gammarus Medusarum of J. C. Fabricius, of which a part of
the specific character is “ manibus quatuor monodactylis.”

Crangon Boreas.

Cancer Boreas, Phipps’s Voy. App, 190, t. 12, f. 1.

Several individuals were taken in the trawl on the west coast of Davis’
Strait, and in a dredge at Melville Island ; in the minute, and otherwise
very exact account which has been given of this species in the Appendix to
Captain Phipps’s voyage, four strong spines were omitted to be noticed,
situated beneath the thorax, one between each pair of legs, directed
forward ; the anterior is the strongest, and they decrease successively in

CCXXXVl

APPENDIX.

size ; each segment of the body is also armed beneath with a spine of less
strength than those which have been just described ; the rostrum has a strong
tooth beneath, which does not appear in the figure in Phipps’s voyage.

Crangon Septemcarinatus.

C. thorace septem-carinato ; cariiiis serratis ; pedibus secundi paris brevissimis inunguiculatis.

Plate II, fig. 11 — 13.

Several specimens of this undescribed species were taken in the trawl on
the west coast of Davis’ Strait. Length four inches ; colour varied red and
white above, white beneath. Thorax seven-carinate, the three lateral carinae
on each side serrate, the middle one with strong spines ; rostrum short,
curving down between the eyes, grooved in the centre ; the five upper
carinae carried on in very faint rudiments along the back ; the terminal setae
of the superior antennae inserted nearly in the same horizontal line ; the
interior one being the longest ; the first joint of the inferior antennae scarcely
produced beyond the middle of the squama ; a strong spine on the abdomen
directed forward between the chelate legs; the last joint of the pediform
palpi sub-acuminate, rather longer than the preceding ; second pair of legs
slender, very short, bristled and unarmed, (mag?iijied in Jig. 13,) in which
last essential point it differs from the Pontophilus Spinosus of Dr. Leach,
Mai. Pod. Brit., t. 37, to which in other respects this species bears a near
resemblance.

It is proper to notice, that a rigid application of every part of the character
of the genus Crangon of Lamarck would exclude the Septemcarinatus, by
reason of the second pair of legs being unarmed, and would render necessary
the establishment of a new genus, of which it would be the only known species,
and might possibly be the only existing one ; it may, however, be questioned
whether the pursuit of natural history be either forwarded, or rendered more
attractive by the multiplication of genera, which is a consequence of the
extent and precision which have been introduced into the characters of some

ZOOLOGY.

CCXXXVll

of the modern genera ; as the object of the present account is limited to
describing the new species in such manner, that systematic writers may be
at no loss in disposing them according to their respective arrangements,
the present species has been continued with the Crangons, Vulgaris, Bo-
reas, and Spinosus, with which it accords so strikingly in general appear-
ance, as well as in the leading and most essential characteristics ; with the
reservation,- however, of a notice, that it forms an exception to the “ pedes
decern unguiculati” of the other Crangons.

Alpheus Aculeatus.

A, thoracis carina dentlbus quatuor, margine antico trispinoso, segmentis utrinque aculeatis, palpis
pediformibus apice spinulosis.

Cancer Aculeatus O. Fabr., Faun. Green., No. 217.

Astacus Grosnlandicus, J. C. Fabr. Ent. Syst., Vol. 2. P. 484?

Plate II, fig. 9, 10.

Several individuals were obtained at Melville Island, which being com-
pared with the minute description of the Cancer Aculeatus of O. Fabricius,
- are believed to be the species described under that name : it is observable of
this, as of other species of this genus, that the rostrum is found to vary so much
in different specimens, in length and shape, as well as in the number of teeth
above and below, as to make it no proper ground of specific distinction.
It is probable that the Astacus Groenlandicus of J. C. Fabricius should also
be referred to this species ; as, excepting the rostrum, the descriptions are
sufficiently conformable, and the “ abdominis segmenta terminanter utrinque
spina,’’ of the Groenlandicus is strictly descriptive of the peculiar character-'
istic of the Aculeatus. It is possible also that the Astacus Histrio * of the
same author, Ent. Syst., p. 482, may have been a young individual of the
present species, since it appears to differ in colour only.

* In the specific character of the Astacus Histrio. J. C. Fab. Ent. Syst. v. 2, p. 482, the margin
of the thorax is said to be furnished with two teeth, whilst in the description which is added, the
number of teeth are stated to be three ; the former is presumed to be the error.

ccxxxvm

APPENDIX.

The middle lamella of the tail has seven spines on each side in the spe-
cimen vs^hich has been figured ; but others had a greater or less proportion :
the exterior antennae are verrucose on the inner side.

Alpheus Polaris.

Thoracis dimidio posteriore Icevi, anteriore carinato serrate ; chelis et unguibus apice nigris.

Plate II. fig. 5 — 8.

Fig. 8 is the rostrum of a second specimen.

Several individuals were brought up in the same drag-net, from fifty fathoms’
depth, on the coast of Melville Island, all of which agreed in the pecu-
liarities included in the specific character, but no two in the number
of the teeth or in the shape of the rostrum, the former varying from three
to six above, and from two to six below ; length usually from one and a
half to three quarters of an inch ; colour pale, with red spots and mark-
ings ; thorax armed on each side on the anterior margin with three
spines, situated above and below the eye and at the junction of the lateral
margin ; these spines vary in strength in different individuals, the first espe-
cially being occasionally very strong : anterior half of the thorax carinate
on the back, and serrate ; posterior half smooth, without carina or teeth ;
the upper seta of the superior antennsB hollowed beneath, ciliate at the sides ;
both pairs spinous at the joints ; pedipalpi, three-articulate, the last joint
above three times the length of the second, much depressed, hirsute, and ter-
minated by from four to six stiff black bristles ; the fingers of the four anterior
legs and the nails of the others black at the points ; the nails are spinulose
within ; the first pair of swimmers smaller than the others, bifid and pointed ;
the hinder part of the third segment of the body is curved towards the tail,
and the lateral lobes of the two next segments are produced in sharp points
directed backwards ; tail with two strong spines at the last joint ; the
middle lamella with ten spines above, five on each side ; terminated by two
strong black bristles.

ZOOLOGY.

CCXXXIX

POLYNOE CiRRATA.

Aphrodita cirrata, Faun.Groin., No. 290.

Two specimens were taken on the shore of Melville Island in September.

PoLYNOE ScABRA.

Aphrodita scabra, Faun. Green. No. 292.

A single specimen was taken on the shore of Melville Island in the same
month as the preceding.

Loligo Sepiola.

t

An individual of this species was brought up in the trawl on the west coast
of Davis’ Strait, in lat. 70°. It agreed with the general description of au-
thors, and with the figure in Rondelet, 519.

Clio Borealis.

■ ttti - \

This well-known species was found in great abundance in all parts of Baffin’s
Bay, and Davis’ Strait, in the neighbourhood of ice.

Limacina Arctica.

Abundant in the same localities as the preceding; both species were
very rarely met with in the Polar Sea ; and as they constitute the principal
tbod of the black whale, their absence will explain why not more than two
or three whales were seen during the whole period in which the Expedition
remained in that sea.

I

ccxl

SHELLS.

The following notice of the Shells collected by the Expedition, has been
furnished by John Edward Gray, Esq.

Sub Kingdom, Mollusca.

Class. — Gasteropodophora.

Order. — Ctenobranchia.

Fam. — Muricid^. 3

Genus. — Buccinum. Lime.

* Cmial none, aperture base-cut.

Species — B. glaciate, Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 154*.

Tritonium glaciale, O. Fabr. Faun. Groenl, 397.

** Canal short, open, bent to the left.

Species — B. Sabinii.

Testa oblonga, ventricosa, alba ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, longitiidi-
iialiter costastis ; apertura ovata ; canali brevi.

Buccinum Sabinii ; Gray Syst. Moll. Ineditum.

Shell oblong, ventricose, white ; whorls five, convex, slightly longitudi-
nally rib-striated, finely transversely wrinkled ; epidermis thin, pale ; aper-
ture ovate, half the length of the shell, ending in a short open canal ; colu-
mella smooth, outer lip thin, inside slightly crenated ; axis three-fourths
of an inch, diameter three-eighths.

Tt differs from Bwccmwm cor7ieum, (Murex corneus, Lz?l) by not being so

ZOOLOGY.

ccxli

long and slender, and the whorls more convex ; the aperture ovate instead
of roundish-ovate. The specimen brought home appears to be young .

Class. — CONCHOPHORA.

Order. — Pachypoda.

Fam. — Myade^.

Genus. — Mya. Lin.

Species. — Mi/a truncata. List. Conch, t. 428, f. 269.

Order. — Leptopoda.

Fam . — Nuculid.® .

Genus. — Nucula, Lamarck.

'** Shell behind slightly produced, gaping ; edge entire.

Species. — N. arctica.

Testa ovali-elliptica, laevis, tenuis, fragilis, flavescens ; latere antico lato,
rotundato, postico brevi, oblique truncato.

Nucula arctica, Gray ut supra.

Shell oval-elliptical, smooth, very slightly concentrically wrinkled; epidermis
yellowish-green, glossy ; umbones rather acute, nearly central ; broad
rounded, rather narrowed, obliquely truncated behind ; inside glossy-white,
edge plain in front ; length (from front to back) half an inch ; depth (from
umbones to the opposite edge) a quarter; breadth (from the outside of one
valve to the outside of the other, in the most convex part) one-sixth.

*** Shell behind much produced, gaping, above depressed.

Species. — N.rostrata, Lamarck Hist., vi., 58.

Area minuta, O. Fabr., Faun. Groenl., young ?

Area rostrata, CAem. Conch., vij. 106. t.55. f. 550. 551. — not, Mont;

Shell, length 7-8ths, depth 3-8ths, breadth 2-8ths, of an inch.

Animal, Mantle-lobes, separate from one another ; foot compressed, sub-
quadrate, front rent; gills attached to the hinder part of the mantle, as in
the Pholades and Myae, ,

Order. — Phyllopoda.

F am. — Hyatellad^.

ccxlil

APPENDIX.

Genus. — Hyatella. Daudin.

Species. — H. Arctica. Lamarck, Hist. vj.

My a arctica. O. Fabricius, Faun. Grcenl., 407.

Animal, Mantle-lobes, united together, except leaving a small ovate aper-
ture for the passage of the foot, on the lower side, near the front. Tubes
2 distinct.

Genus. — Saxicava. Lamarck.

Species. — S. pholadis. Lam. Hist., v. 502.

Mya byssifera. O. Fab., Faun. Green., 4^08.

Mya pholadis. Limi.

Shell differs from S. rugosa by its larger size, and being more produced and
acute in front, and in having deeper concentric furrows ; length 1 inch and
3-4ths, depth 3-4ths, breadth l-4th.

Animal, like that of Hyatella arctica.

Family. — Solenid.®.

Genus. — Glycimeris. Lamarck.

Species. — G. siliqua. Lam. Hist., v. 458.

Solen siliqua. Chemn. Conch., xi, 192. t. 196. f. 1934.

Fam. — Venerid^e.

Genus. — Nicania. Leach.

* Margin of the valves even.

1. N. striata. Leach. Ross's Voyage.

Shell, length 3-4ths of an inch, depth one-half, breadth 3-4ths.

(Nicania Banksii of Dr. Leach belongs to this section.)

** Margin of the valves crenated.

2. N. crenata.

Testa ovali-elliptica, virescens, concentrice sulcata; lunula oblongo-lan-
ceolata impressa ; margine crenulato.

Nicania crenata. Gray ut supra.

Shell oval, elliptical, regularly concentrically furrowed ; epidermis pale
yellowish green ; umbones nearly central, front, with an oblong lanceolate

ZOOLOGY.

ccxUii

depression ; hinge of the right valve with one deep two-cut tooth and two lateral
holes ; of the left, with two single teeth, and a central hole, for the reception
of the tooth of the other valve ; lateral laminae, two in each valve, very small,
only rudimentary ; margin of the valves crenated.

In one specimen the teeth were reversed, for the right valve had two
teeth, and the left but one uncut, but it differed in no other point as I could
observe.

' Animal, mantle lobes separate, foot compressed flat, quadrangular.

Tubes, none.

Genus. — Crassina. Lamarck.

Species 1. — C. Semisidcala. Leach. Ross's Voyage.

, 4

Species 2. — C. Arctica.

Testa subrotundo-ovata, convexa, nigra, concentric^ striolata ; umbones
siibsulcatae ; lunula impressa oblongo-ovata; margine integerrimo.

Crassina Arctica. Gray, ut supra.

Shell roundish ovate, convex, white ; epidermis black, shining, finely
concentrically striated ; umbones, rather prominent, very slightly concentri-
cally furrowed; impression before the umbo, oblong ovate, deep, behind
lanceolate ; hinge, right valve, with one strong single tooth, with a hollow on
each side ; left, with Gvo diverging teeth and a hollow in the centre ;
lateral lamina, two in each valve, front strong near to the hinge, hinder
remote, small ; edge even ; length one and half, depth one and quarter,
breadth 3-4th of an inch.

It differs from crassina semisulcata, by being rounder, more convex, and
not so much sulcated.

F amily, — Cardi ad^.

Genus. — Cardium.

/

**** Shell obsoletely radiately ribbed, edge even.

ccxliv

APPENDIX.

Species. — -C. Radiatum.

Cardium edentulum. Mont. Supple., 29.

Mactra radiata. Don., t. 161,

Family. — Arcade.

Genus. — Arca. Lam. '

Species. — A. glacialis

Testa, ovali-elliptica, tenui, villosa, alba, concentrice et transversim
striata ; postice rotundata ; iimbonibus approximatis ; dentibus sub-obsoletis ;
margine integerrimo.

Arca glacialis. Grai/, lit supra.

Shell, thin, oval, elliptical, rounded before and behind, regularly, finely
concentrically, and transversely striated; epidermis, silky; umbones, to-
wards the joint, incurved, nearly close ; intermediate space, lanceolate,
ventricose ; margin, even, thin ; hinge-teeth very small, indistinct in the
middle, rather larger at each end ; length 3-4ths of an inch, depth 3-8ths,
breadth d'-Sths.

Animal, mantle lobes separate ; foot flat, compressed, subquadrate, front
two cut, with one or two fibres from the lower edge : trachea none.

Family. — MvTiLiDiE. .

Genus. — Modiola. Lamarck.

Shell longitudinally obliquely striated.

(Modiola Arctica, of Dr. Leach, in Ross’s Voyage, is

Mytilus Fabr., 0. Rob., Fauna Grcenlandica, 419.

, — Chemnitz, viij., 184. t. 85. f. 761.)

Shell, middle smooth, sinuated, before and behind, generally striated.

Species 1.— Modiola nigra.

Modiola discrepans. Leach. Ross’s Voyage, not of Lamarck*
Mytilus discrepans. Mont. Rrit, Shells, t. 26. f, 4,

Species 2. — Alodiola laevigata.

ZOOLOGY. CCxlv

Testa ovali-elliptica, convexa, virescens, antice obsolete costostriata, pos-
tic^ rotundata laevigata.

Mytilus discors. Chemn., viij. 193. t. 86. f. 764. a. b.

Modiola laevigata. Grai/, ut supra.

Shell, oval, elliptical, convex, ventricose, front with a few obsolete ribbed-
striae; middle and hinder part smooth, end rounded; epidermis, brownish
or yellowish green ; length one inch, depth 3-8ths, breadtli one half of an
inch.

Variety 3. — Subsiriata, shell more oblong, hinder portion very closely
obsoletely striated.

Two odd worn valves of this variety, which, on further examination,
may probably be considered as a distinct species, were brought home by
this expedition.

Order. — Micropoda.

Family. — Pectenida;.

Genus. — Pecten. Lam.

Species. — P. ritreus.

Testa orbicularis, tenuis, hyalina, planulatalaevissima, lucida, subequivalvis ;
auriculis subequalibus laevibus.

Pecten vitreus. Gray, ut supra.

Shell, orbicular, thin, hyaline, quite smooth, glossy; valves, right, flattish,
ears, front slightly dilated, rounded, tender, obliquely truncated ; left, rather
convex; ears equal, obliquely truncated; margin even; length and depth
one inch, breadth l-4th.

Animal, mantle lobes, separate ; edge, fringed ; foot, ovate, thick. Tracheae
none.

Class. — Spirobrachiophora.

Family. — Terebratulid^.

Genus. — Terebratula. Lam.

Species — T. psittacea. Lin. List. Conch., t. 211., f. 46.

♦

2 h 2

ccxlvi

APPENDIX.

Sub Kingdom. — Annulosa.

Class. CiRRIPEDES.

Order. — Acamptosomata.

Family. — Balanid^.

Genus. — Balanus. Leach.

Species. — Balanus glacialis.

Testa subcylindrica, obliqua, albida, obsolete transversim striata ; operculo
antic^ prcfunde transversim sulcato, postic^ irregulariter striato ; apice
acuto inflexo.

Shell, nearly cylindrical, oblique, aggregate ; valves, slightly irregularly
transversely striated ; operculum, forepart deeply tranversely furrowed ; hind
part irregularly striated ; apex acute, bent forwards.

Class. — ChjEtipoda.

Order. — Sedentaria.

Fam. — Serpuladas.

Genus. — Spirorbis. Lamarck.

Species 1. — S. nautiloides. Lam. Hist., v. 359.

Serpula spirorbis. LimiL 0. Fab. 1. c. 377.

Species 2. — S. spirillum. Lam. 1. c. 359.

Serpula spirillum. Linne. 0. Fab. 1. c. 376.

Sub Kingdom, Radi at a.

Class. — Echinodermata.

Order. — Spha^roida.

Fam. — EcHiNiDiE,

Genus. — Echinus. Lam.

Species. — E. saxatilis. Linne. 0. Fabricius, 1. c. 373?

Class. — Zoophyte.

Order. — Cellepora.

Fam. 1. — Fi.ustrad^.

Genus. — Flustra. Linn.

Species. — F. angustiloba. Lam. Hist., ij. 158.

ccxlvii

j

ROCK SPECIMENS.

The following Observations on the Rock Specimens, collected by the
Expedition, has been furnished by Charles Konig, Esq., F.R.S,, &c.

We may conclude, from the nature of the rock specimens collected on
the former voyage for discovering the North-West Passage, that both the
east and west coast of Davis’ Strait and Baffin’s Bay are composed of primi-
tive formations, in connexion with others of a more recent date, which for
the greatest part belong to several members of Werners trap formation. It
would appear, however, from the paucity of specimens decidedly referable
to trap rocks among those brought from Baffin’s Bay by the late Expedition
to the Arctic Seas, that the same formation is less prevalent on the western
coast. While on the west coast of Greenland it exists in all its different
gradations, but more particularly in the form of amygclaloidal transition trap,
with many of those minerals which are usually found nidulating in it, such
as calcedony, agate, jasper, green earth, &c., no traces of any of these sub-
stances are seen among the specimens collected by the Expedition in its
progress down the western coast of Baffin’s Bay, where the principal rocks .
are gneiss and micaceous quartz-rock, with some ambiguous granitic com-
pound, in which hornblende seems to enter as a subordinate ingredient.

In the latitude of the entrance into Sir James Lancaster’s Sound, the
specimens, which I had an opportunity of seeing, begin to indicate the

ccxlviii

APPENDIX.

predominance of older traps, with other concomitant transition rocks.
Among them the more prominent are fragments (many indeed only detached
from boulders,) of well-defined syenite, with red, and others with greenish-
grey feldspar, the latter approaching to compact in its texture. Epidote,
which is frequently seen in this syenite, has in some specimens the appear-
ance of being one of the constituent ingredients of the rock. Other masses
from Possession Bay are hornblende rock, with disseminated garnets ; green-
stone, apparently primitive, and a greenish-grey sandstone more or less
impregnated with oxide of iron. There are a few other varieties of sand-
stone, one of which, more or less streaked with reddish-brown, has all the
characters of and may possibly belong to the bunt-sandstein of Werner; espe-
cially as there are accompanying specimens of fibrous and fletz-gypsum,
which formation is generally found with and resting upon the second or
variegated sandstone, and is often overlaid by shell limestone. Of this last-
mentioned variety of fletz limestone, there is a specimen among those col-
lected in the valley of Possession Bay, by Mr. Fisher. This gentleman, it is
observed, found that valley to consist partly of basalt ; but I have not seen
any specimens of this rock among the fragments obtained in that place. The
other rocks from that quarter which have fallen under my observation,
are chiefly primitive, viz., granite, gneiss, and some mica slate, with horn-
blende and quartz rock. They exhibit nothing new or remarkable in their
oryctognostic character. The several varieties of granite differ from each
other only in the varying proportion of the usual component parts, in their
grain and colour. Both the gneiss and mica slate contain small imbedded
garnets, and to the latter of these may be referred a micaceous mass,
enclosing grains and amorphous masses of noble garnet, intermixed with a
yellowish- white substance, which seems to be compact feldspar. Another
substance from Possession Bay which deserves to be noticed, is a variety of
fibrous limestone, not inferior in lustre, when polished, to the satin spar of
Cumberland.

Compared with these rock specimens from the western coast of Baffin’s

ROCK SPECIMENS.

ccxlix

Bay, those gathered on the coasts where Captain Parry’s discoveries com-
menced, seem to indicate a considerable difference in the respective geolo-
gical features of those tracts. The north coast of Barrow’s Strait, as far
westward as the Polar Sea, and part of the eastern coast of Prince Regent’s
Inlet, appear to exhibit a character belonging to those more recent forma-
tions which are known to proceed from the primitive mountains of Scandi-
navia, and other explored tracts of high northern latitudes. Among them a
variety of limestone seems to prevail, which is very like the Alpine or
mountain limestone. It is compact, of yellowish and greyish colour, and
contains, among other remains of zoophytes and shells, abundance of the
same species of Terebratula, which are characteristic of that rock in various
alpine tracts in Europe. A greyish-brown fetid variety of limestone, from
the north side of Barrow’s Strait, bears great resemblance to the mountain
limestone as it occurs in Derbyshire ; it contains parts of corallines, which
are, however, too imperfect to be determined. The chert, or hornstone, of
which likewise specimens were found in those parts, may, perhaps, occur as
subordinate beds in this transition limestone. Among the specimens from
Riley Cape is a fragment of white granular marble passing into compact.

Not less indicative of the formation to which the above-mentioned varie-
ties of limestone belong, is a calcareous mass, which, it would seem, abounds
in various parts of the north coast of Barrow’s Strait, on the eastern coast of
Prince Regent’s Inlet, and which also occurs on the South coast of North
Georgia. This limestone, which bears some resemblance to that of Goth-
land, in which parts of the stems of Encrini are found, is yet sufficiently
distinct from this, and all other varieties I am acquainted with, to deserve
being briefly noticed in this place.

, It is of a yellowish white colour, and, in most hand specimens, exhibits a
uniform coarse-granular structure ; it is friable, and the grains are indeter-
minately angular, more or less shining, and sometimes intermixed with, or
cemented by, calcareous matter of a deeper yellow. Reduced to powder, it
emits a yellow phosphorescent light when strewed on a heated iron. This

ccl

APPENDIX.

calcareous rock, in some specimens from Prince Regent’s Inlet, abounds
with parts of the jointed stem and single joints of a zoophyte belonging to
the natural order of Encrini ; other specimens appear to be entirely without
these bodies : but on subjecting the different varieties ofaggregation to a closer
examination, it will be found that those which contain no remains mani-
festly belonging to the just mentioned organized fossil bodies, are, never-
theless, entirely composed of their detritus. This encrinitic mass, in 'single
specimens, might readily be mistaken for a friable variety of common granular
limestone, did not a comparison of a series of specimens prove that appear-
ance to be produced by the extreme comminution of the substance of those
fossil zoophytes, each particle of which still exhibits planes of cleavage
parallel to the primitive rhombohedron.

The joints of the stem and branches of the zoophyte which appears to
have thus largely contributed to the formation of this mass, are mostly cylin-
drical ; their thickness is in an inverted ratio with that of the column of which
they form parts ; those near the body being the largest and thinnest. Cylin-
drical portions of the stem, formed by these thinner vertebrae, exhibit on
their surface hemispheric concavities, some of them large enough to occupy
from four to six of the thin joints or vertebrae, the lines of separation of which
are seen to traverse the cavities in a horizontal direction. They are the
sockets of articulation, in which the branches of the stem were inserted.
The casts produced from these concavities in the surrounding mass, might,
when seen without their moulds, be easily mistaken for distinct organic
remains. There is little doubt that this zoophyte is related to some of
those encrinites of which parts of the stem and branches so frequently occur
in the transition limestone of Gothland. It seems to me also probable that
many of the screw stones (Epitonium, L.) owe their origin to the decompo-
sition of the stems of species belonging to this genus.

Another species of a genus of zoophytes, peculiar to the transition
limestone, was found by Captain Parry, in Prince Regent’s Inlet, at the
foot of a high hill. It is a fine Catenipora, which appears to be quite dis-

ROCK SPECIMENS. CcU

tinct from the commo chain coral of Gothland, and other countries.
Lamarck has two species of this genus, namely, the common one, which is
(rather unaptly) called by him C. escharoides ; and another, which he distin-
guishes by the name of C. axillaris, though it appears from his reference to a
figure in the Amoenitates Academiccd, that he is speaking of Tubipora serpens,
L., which is not a congener of, and can indeed scarcely be considered as
belonging to, the same natural order with Catenipora. We may, therefore,
look upon this arctic species as an undescribed and anonymous one. I
call it

Catenipora Pam7; tubulis crassiusculis, compressis, collectis in laminas
sinuatas varie inter sese coalitas, tubuloruinorificiis ovatis saepe confluentibus:
dissepimentis confcrtissimis.

The space between the laminae is filled up by a yellowish calcareous
mass ; the tubes themselves are converted into carbonate of lime, internally
drused with minute crystals of the same substance.

Very little can be inferred from the specimens of primitive rocks,
gathered both in Prince Regent’s Inlet and Barrow’s Strait : they are, for
the most part, fragments from rolled pieces, and consist chiefly of granite,
mica slate, and quartz rock. There are, nevertheless, some among them,
especially among those from the first-mentioned tract, which distinctly
indicate primitive trap formation, such as granular and slaty hornblende
rock, together with several varieties of syenite, and similar rocks, in which
hornblende and feldspar form the predominating ingredients ; some of
them enclosing massive and indistinctly crystallized epidote of either a
yellowish or grass-green colour. Among some specimens found at Port
Bowen, on the eastern coast of Prince Regent’s Inlet, may be specified a
rolled piece of a mass, composed of flesh-red feldspar, greyish-white quartz,
^nd a substance which is distinct from epidote, though it might easily be
mistaken for it. According to an analysis, with which I have been favoured
by J. G. Children, Esq., it is composed of silica 59.89, alumina 22.45, soda
6.81, lime 4.85, oxide of iron 4.0, magnesia 0.67, oxide of manganese 0.16 ;

cclii

APPENDIX.

— loss 1.14. Its specific gravity Mr. Children found to he 2.67. Before the
blow-pipe it melts into a milk-white enamel. Its colour is a dirty yellowish
green, passing into brownish. It is scratched by the knife ; streak white.
Fracture uneven, dull, approaching to resinous ; here and there with small
planes of cleavage, which are shining, and even splendent. It is rather
easily frangible ; the fragments are indeterminately angular, and translucent
at the edges. This substance, which I suppose constitutes a distinct species
among the silicates of sodium, appears to be one of those which enter the
composition of the rock called Gabbro by Mr. Von Buch,

As probably connected with this formation we may consider the magnetic
iron-stone, of which some specimens were gathered in lat. 72° 4S', long. 90°
west ; it is of a very fine grain, and occurs also disseminated in, and alter-
. Dating with, granular quartz, exhibiting white and grey stripes. Some
specimens also of jaspery ironstone, mixed with particles of quartz, were
found on the eastern coast of Prince Regent’s Inlet. Nor is the presence of
iron less observable in specimens referable to more recent formations of trap
from the same quarter, such as various kinds of clay ironstone, and ferru-
ginous sandstone. Of the latter of these a greenish-grey variety appears to
be of particularly frequent occurrence in those parts ; if we are allowed to
judge from the many, especially tabular, fragments brought from thence,
which are all, more or less, impregnated with brown hydrous oxyde of iron,
some being so completely penetrated by it that they may be considered as
tolerably rich ores of this metal.

As it is sufficiently difficult to judge of the relative antiquity of depositions
of sandstone, when observed in situ, it would, of course, be altogether una-
vailing to indulge in conjectures respecting the formations to which the
fragments and rolled pieces may have belonged which were picked up in
various parts of the north coast of Barrow’s Strait, and Prince Regent’s Inlet.
The most abundant among them is a red sandstone, and a variegated
one with brownish-red stripes. These varieties are seen to pass into one
another: they are composed of small grains, united by a quartzy cement#

ROCK SPECIMENS.

ccliii

and frequently confluent, so as to form a nearly compact, liorn-stone-like
mass, similar to the variety of hard sandstone from Egypt, which has been
often employed in that country for purposes of statuary and architecture. In
external characters it agrees exactly with one of the oldest formations of fletz
sandstone, the hmt-sandstein of Werner; and the slaty grey sandstone, of
which specimens were found, may possibly be the sandstein-schiefer of the
same geologist, which is said to be a characteristic concomitant of this
second sandstone.

There is nothing particularly remarkable in the specimens from Byam
Martin’s Island : they are few in number, consisting of two varieties of granite,
both with bright-red feldspar, red close-grained sandstone passing into com-
pact, and a ferruginous sandstone, together with small fragments of flint slate.

The rock specimens from Melville Island, though little can be said
respecting the relative situation of most of them (they being chiefly rolled
pieces, or casual fragments,) yet form a more complete series than the others,
and some of them are by no means uninteresting. There are two or three
varieties of granite, gneiss, and syenite ; the latter (from Winter Harbour,
and the north shore of the island,) of a larger grain and with red feldspar,
contains much green epidote, and is very like that which occurs in several
parts of the island of Jersey In another variety from Winter Harbour,
which contains some disseminated iron pyrites, the hornblende appears in a
more compact state, and in the shape of irregular veins and threads. Another
variety from the same place is rather remarkable from its exhibiting here and
there small cavities, drused by minute quartz crystals, and coated by scaly
red ironstone. In another specimen, small grains of ironstone, attracted by
the magnet, were seen, and, upon examination, found to be titaniferous. The
few pieces of hornblende rock from this island, seem to be detached from
boulders found in Winter Harbour ; among them is also a specimen of a
slaty compound of hornblende, mica, and red feldspar.

* See my description of it in Plees’s Account of Jersey, p. 233.

2 i 2

ccliv

APPENDIX.

The principal formation of the island appears to be the fletz sandstone,
with the subordinate one of coal and ironstone. The structure of the cliffs
along a considerable extent of the northern shore of Barrow’s Strait, ex-
hibiting, beside horizontal stratification, numerous buttress-like projections
and mural precipices, is not of uncommon occurrence in the formations of the
transition and older fletz limestone ; but still more striking in this respect is
the appearance of the sandstone formations, especially those of more ancient
date. Having undergone a peculiar disintegration which acts in a direction
nearly perpendicular to the horizontal stratification, they exhibit the repre-
sentations of ruined towers, buttresses, pillars, and similar works raised by
the hand of men. This structure, so strikingly expressed in the sandstone
formation of Bohemia, Saxony, and other parts of Germany, at the Cape of
Good Hope, and particularly in several mountainous tracts of China, appears
no less characteristic of the sandstone of some parts of the coast of Melville
Island, especially at Cape Dundas, the westernmost point to which the
investigation of Captain Parry extended, and the general features of which
have been so ably described by him in his Journal.

This sandstone is composed of very fine, flat, confluent grains, with here
and there the appearance of minute silvery scales, which, when more or less
aggregate, communicate to the mass a perfectly micaceous appearance. It
occurs both of a uniform greyish-white colour, and more or less marked
throughout by small brown ochry spots, which sometimes are confluent into
large patches. It generally separates into tabular pieces, and is sometimes
invested on the rifts with thin plates of white carbonate of lime. Some of its
varieties are not unlike grauwacke slate. It contains secondary fossils. Of
the specimens which I had an opportunity of examining, two bore the
impressions of a Trilobite, but too indistinct to admit of being determined
with precision*.

* I have since determined it to belong to Brongnart’s genus of Asaphus lately published ; but
■whether or not it be one of the species described by him. and Wahlenberg, cannot be ascertained
from the specimen alluded to.

ROCK SPECIMENS.

cclv

In another variety of sandstone, of a grey colour, found in the neighbour-
hood of Table-hill, I observed some disk-shaped bodies of about half an inch
in diameter, exhibiting concentric circles, with creiiulated rays proceeding
from the centre, which is in the form of a small knob : they are, no doubt,
trochi or joints of the stem of an Encrinus ; but this is all that can be said
of them.

The two specimens of sandstone containing the above-mentioned secondary
fossils, are pretty similar in appearance to those others brought from Melville
island, which abound with the vegetable remains characteristic of the coal
sandstone. These are most of them merely impressions and filmy carbo-
naceous remnants of leaves (or fronds with ovate-lanceolate leaflets,) and
stems, which by their regularly placed oval marks, indicate that the proto-
t37>es belonged to the arborescent ferns which we observe in such great
abundance in the coal sandstone of more southern latitudes ; a proof that
the inhospitable hyperborean region where they occur, at one time displayed
the noble scene of a luxuriant and stately vegetation. There is also among
the specimens of sandstone from the same place, one bearing the impression
of a thin, longitudinally-striated stem, not unlike that of some reed.

The coal itself is of a more or less slaty structure, and approaches, in some
specimens, to the nature of brown coal ; its colour is of a brownish black : it
is easily cleft, and the planes of separation, which are without lustre, exhibit
here and there black shining spots, and lines apparently of a bituminous
nature. It emits no unpleasant smell when burning, and leaves copious
greyish-white ashes. This coal is not the same with that of Disco Island,
which contains the amber ; it differs from it both in colour and structure.
There is a piece of fine pitch coal or jet among the objects picked up in the
neighbourhood of Cape Hearne.

Part of the specimens of argillaceous and brown ironstone, found in
Melville Island, evidently belong to the same formation as the sandstone so
abundant in these parts, and are alike concomitants of the coal. They
consist chiefly of rounded pieces, and likewise of geodes : the former appear

cclvi

APPENDIX.

also to exist here in the shape of a conglomerate. Some specimens from
Table-hill and its neighbourhood, as also from Liddon’s Gulf, are marked
with the impressions of bivalves, particularly of a small, flat, ovate cuneiform
species of Avicula, of which a figure will be given elsewhere under the
name of A. Melvilliana.

One of the fragments of compact brown ironstone exhibits a glossy
surface and fracture, approaching to fibrous.

There are also specimens of sandstone which exhibit a transition into a
kind of brown ironstone : in this state it is generally seen as tabular pieces,
similar to that which in some parts of Norway, 8^c., is deposited in beds of a
few inches’ thickness in sandstone, into which it passes.

In the same manner the hydrous oxyde of iron is seen to penetrate clay
which here and there slightly effervesces with acids, and is therefore a ferru-
ginous marl.

There are a few varieties of slate-clay, such as might be expected to occur
with coal and sand-stone formations : they are very soft, of ash-grey, and
greenish-grey colour, and were found overlaid by sandstone at the bottom
of ravines.

The limestone from Melville Island, especially that from Table-hill, bears
the character belonging to that of the oldest fletz or transition formation.
The secondary fossils which it contains are chiefly bivalve shells and coral-
lines. None of these, however, are perfect enough to admit of the deter-
mination of the genera to Avhicli they respectively belong, except a small
species of Terebratula of that division which comprehends the Petunculi of
earlier writers on petrifactions, and a species of Favosites, which does not
appear to differ from F. Gothlandicus.

There are a few specimens among those from Winter Harbour and Table-
hill, w'hich appear to bespeak the presence of fletz trap-rocks in Melville
Island ; but being found as rolled stones, they do not allow any judgment
being formed of the relation in which they stand to the other formations. I
have seen from those parts a few small fragments of calcedony, Avith opaque

ROCK SPECIMENS.

cclvii

stripes like the onyx from Iceland and Ferroc ; fragments of red jasper, and
of a jaspery breccia ; a piece of a compact hornstone-like mass of greenish
colour mixed with reddish, and small rolled pieces of basalt. There is
also among them a specimen of wood-hornstone of greyish-brown colour, with
concentric yellowish-white rings. Nor should I omit mentioning a similar
specimen of woodstone from Byam Martin’s Island, with numerous close con-
centric rings, the curve of which indicates its being a fragment of the stem
of a petrified dicotyledonous tree. It is susceptible of taking a beautiful
polish.

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APPENDIX XI

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N®- XI.

A LIST OF PLANTS,

COLLECTED lU

MELVILLE ISLAND,

BY THE OFEICERS OF THE EXPEDITION;

WITH CHARACTERS|AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE NEW SPECIES.

BY

ROBERT BROWN, F.R.S. and L.S.

THE following list of the Plants observed in Melville Island, chiefly in the vicinity
of Winter Harbour, is drawn up from the Herbaria of Captain Sabine, Mr. Edwards,
Mr. James Ross, Captain Parry, Mr. Fisher, and Mr. Beverley, whose names are liere
given in the order of the extent of their collections.

To Captain Parry, Mr. Edwards, Mr. Fisher, and Mr. Ross, I am indebted for complete
series of specimens of their respective collections ; and I have to offer my acknowledgments
to Captain Sabine for having allowed me freely to examine his more extensive herbarium,
and to retain it until he was about to leave England, in October, 1821, when the whole, in
compliance with his request, was returned to him.

The delay that has taken place in the publication of the present account has been, in
part, owing to the state of my health during a considerable portion of the time that
has elapsed since the collections were placed in my hands. I have also experienced much
greater difficulty than I had anticipated in determining many of the species ; arising
either from their extremely vaiiable nature, from the incomplete state of the specimens

2 k 2

cclxii

PREFATORY REMARKS.

contained in the collections, or from the want of authentic specimens of other countries,
Avith which it was necessary to compare them. I may notice, likeAvise, as a third cause
of the delay, the greater extent of my original plan, Avhich included remarks on the
state and relative proportions of the primary divisions and natural ox'ders contained in
the list ; a comparison Avith the vegetation of regions of nearly similar climates ; and
observations on the range of those species common to Melville Island and other parts
of the Avorld. ToAvards the completion of this plan I had made considerable progress.
But to have satisfactorily treated some of the subjects referred to Avould have required
more time than I have had it in my power to devote to them, and in several cases better
materials than I have hitherto been able to obtain.

I have consequently found it necessary to relinquish, for the present, this part of my
plan*, and to confine myself to a systematic list, adding only characters and descriptions

* I shall here offer a single remark on the relative proportions of the two primary divisions of
Phmnogamous Plants.

In my earliest observations on this subject I had come to the conclusion that from 45® as far
as 60° or perhaps 65° of North Latitude, the proportion of Dicotyledonous to iSIonocotyledonous
plants gradually diminished. (^Flinders' voy. 2. p. 538.) But from a subsequent examination of
the list of Greenland plants, given by Professor Giesecke, (Art. Greenland, in Brewster’s Edinburgh
Encyclopedia) as well as from what I had been able to collect respecting the vegetation of alpine
regions, I had supposed it not improbable that in still higher latitudes, and at corresponding
heights above the level of the sea, the relative numbers of these two divisions were again inverted;
{Tuckey’s Congo, p. 423.) in the list of Greenland plants referred to, Dicotyledones being to
Monocotyledones as four to one, or in nearly the equinoctial ratio ; and in the vegetation of
Spitzbergen, as Avell as it could be judged of from the materials hitherto collected, the proportion of
Dicotyledones appearing to be still further increased.

This inversion in the cases now mentioned was found to depend at least as much on the
reduction of the proportion of Gramineas, as on the increase of certain Dicotyledonous families,
especially Saxifrageso and Cruciferae.

The Flora of Melville Island, however, which, as far as relates to the two primary divisions of
Phsenogamous plants, is probably as much to be depended on as any local catalogue hitherto
published, leads to very different conclusions; Dicotyledones being in the present list to ^lono-
cotyledones as five to two, or in as low a ratio as has been any where yet observed ; while
the proportion of Grasses, instead of being reduced, is nearly double Avhat has been found in any
other part of the world; (see Humboldt, in Diet, des Sciences Nat., tom. 18, table at p. 416.)
this family forming one-fifth of the whole Phaenogamous vegetation.

PREFATORY REMARKS.

cclxiii

of the new or imperfectly known genera and species ; the only indication left of my intention
to treat any of the subjects alluded to being a greater number of references to authors
than is absolutely necessary for the present list, though essential to my original design.

Witli this more limited plan, and with its execution, as far at least as regards the deter-
mination of several of the species, I am so little satisfied, that had the publication depended
entirely on myself, and related solely to the present essay, I should have deferred it stUl
longer, probably until the return of Captain Parry from the arduous enterprise in which
he is now embarked.

I have, however, to expi'ess my regret for the delay that has already taken place, as it
has prevented the appearance of the valuable memoirs in other departments of Natural
History, which have been long ready for publication ; and also as it has till now deprived
Botanists of the excellent figures so admirably Illustrating the structure of the plants
selected for engraving, and for Avhlch it is hardly necessary to add that I am indebted to the
friendship of Mr. Bauer.

cclxiv

APPENDIX.

DICOTYLEDONES.

RANUNCULACEiE.

1. Ranunculus nivalis, foliis radicalibus elongato-petiolatis dilatatis lobatis: lobis
subovatis ; caulinis subsessilibus palmatis, caule erecto subunifloro, petalis obovatis integer-
rimis longioribus calyce hirsutissimo, stylis rectiuscidis ovaria glabra asquantibus.

Ranunculus nivalis, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 156. Schlechtcnd. ranuncul. sect. post. p. 14.

/3. folia radicalia basi cuneata vix ad medium lobata, lobo medio semiovato basi latiore,
petala orbiculato-obovata calyce hirsutissimo sesquilongiora.

Ranunculus nivalis. /3. Wahlenb. lapp. p. . (exclus. syn. Martens spitzb.)

Ranunculus sulphureus. Soland. in Phipps'' voy. p. 202, (fide speciminis unici biflori
absque foliis radicalibus, in Herb. Banks.) DeCand. syst. nat. p. 274, (exclus. syn.
Martens spitzl)., Laxmanni, Willdenovii et Smithii.) Br. spitzb. pi. in Scoresby'‘s arct.
reg. 1. append, p. 75. Richardson in Franklin's journ. p. 742.

y. folia radicalia ba.si subcuneata v. transversa alte lobata, lobo medio cuneato-obovato basi
angustiore.

Obs. Varietas y. cujus exemplaria duo tantum a nobis visa proxime accedit a. qua?, in Insula
Melville baud observata, sequentibus notis distinguenda.

a. folia radicalia I’eniformia alte lobata, lobo medio cuneato-obovato basi angustiore.

Ranunculus nivalis. DeCand. sys. nat. 1. p. ^TiQ, exclus. cit. ad Sw. in act. holm.
1789. p. 47. quae R. pygmaeus, et syn. Martens spitzb. ad var /3. pertinente.

A. R. nivali diftert R. frigidus Willden. foliis radicalibus minus alte incisis lobulis
pluribus, petalis obcordatis venis anastomozantibus, quae in R. nivali distinctae, et -statura
paulo majore.

2. Ranunculus Sabinii, foliis radicalibus elongato-petiolatis tripartitis: lobis ellipticis :
lateralibus semibifidis ; caulinis sessilibus tripartitis linearibus, calycibus hirsutis petala retusa
subaequantibus.

Obs. Planta inter R. nivalem et pygmaeam media in Herb. D. Sabine exstat, ulterius
examinanda, forsan baud distincta a R. nivali cujus cfr. ic. Flor. Dan. 1699, ubi petala
retusa et folium radicale pinnatifidum.

3. Ranunculus hypeiibokeus, foliis petiolatis trifidis : lobis divaricatis obtusis : lateral-
ibus subbifidis medio integerrimo, cavde repente, acbeniis laevibus stigmate sessili apiculatis.

Ranunculus byperboreus. Rottb. in act. Hafn. 10. p. 458. t. 4. n. 16. Flor. Dan. 331.
Zceg. flor. island, in Olafs. reise. 2. p. 237. Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. 1322. Pers. syn. 2.
j). 104. Wahlenh. lapp.p. 158. De Cand. syst. nat. 1. p. 272. Schlechtend. ranuncul.
sect. post. p. 12.

BOTANY.

cclxv

Ranunculus foliis subrotundis trilobis integerrimis, caule repente. Gmel. Sib. 4. p. 204.

1. 8S. b.

Desc. Herba pusilla glabra. Folia elongato-petiolata, alte trifida, lobo medio ovali saepis-
sime indiviso, lateralibus saepius bifidis lobulo exteriore minore, nunc indivlsis, rarissime tri-
fidis. Petioli filiform es basi vaginantes. Pedunculi oppositifolii, petiolum subinquantes,
saepius pilis sparsis adpressis. Calyx tetraphyllus nunc tripliyUus, (an unquam 5-pliyllus ?)
foliolis concavis pilosiusculis. Petala 5, calyce manifeste longipra, lamina obovata, intus
nitenti trinervi, ungue lineari, apice foveola angusta marginata. Stamina 15 — 18, petalis
breviora, filamentis inaequalibus, antheris ovalibus. Achenia (30 circiter) in capitulum
ovatum congesta, stigmate brevi mucronulata.

4. Ranunculus aefinis, foliis radicalibus pedato-multifidis petiolatis; caulinis subsessilibus
digitatis ; lobis omnium linearibus, caule erecto 1-2-floro cum calycibus ovariisque pubes-
centibus, fructibus oblongo-cybndi’aceis, acheniis rostro recurvo.

Obs. R. auricomo proxima species.

5. Caltha akctica, caule repente, foliis reniformibus crenato-repandis obtusis, foUiculis
(12 — 16) imbricatis, stigmate persistente adnato apice recurvo, antheris linearibus viginti
pluribus.

Obs. Affinitate C. radicanti accedit; figura foliorum et caule repente convenit cum C.
natante, qu^ facile distinguenda pistiUis stamina longitudine et numero superantibus, in
capitulum sph^ricum dense congestis, stigmatibus rectis siraplicibus subsessilibus, antheris
ovalibus, floribus albis foliisque aliquoties minoribus, et facie diversissima.

PAPAVERACEdE.

6. Pap AVER nudicaule. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 725. Flor. Dan. 41. Willden. sp. pi.

2. p. 1145. Pers. syn. 2. p. 62. Br. in Ross’’ voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 193. Hooker in
Scoresby''s Greenl. p. 413.

Papaver nudicaule y. radicatum. De Cand. syst. nat. 2. p. 70.

Papaver radicatum. Rottb. in act. Hafn. 10. p. 455. t. 8. p. 24. Br. spitzb. pi. in
Scoresby’'s arct. reg. 1. append, p. 75.

■i . . . . ' * _

CRUCIFERS.

7. Deaba alpina. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 1. pi 642. ed. 2. p. 896. Willden. sp. pi. 3,
p. 425. Pers. syn. 2. p. 190. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 173. De Cand. syst. nat. 2. p. 338.

a. siliculse glabrae.

Draba alpina Herb. Linn.

/3. siliculas pilose.

Draba alpina. Br. spitzb. pi. in Scorcsby's arct. reg. 1. append, p. 75,

cclxvi

APPENDIX,

8. Draba pauciflora, scapis aphyllis pedicellisque pilosis, foliis lanceolatis integer-
rimis pilis furcatis simplicibusque, petalis (flavis) spathulatis calycem hirsutum vix superau-
tibus, ovariis glabris.

Obs. Dubia species, alpinae proxima, cujus exemplar unicum in Herb. D. Sabine vidi.

9. Draba lapponioa. De Cand. syst. nat, 2. p. 344,

Draba androsacea. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 174. 1. 11. f. 5. exclus. syn.

Desc. Radix fusiformis, fibris nonnullis longis simplicibus, multiceps, Caules breves,
divisi, basi reliquiis petiolorum emarcidis albis squamati, partiales semiinciales, dense foliati.
Folia lanceolata v. oblongo-lanceolata aciitiuscula, plana, integerrima, venis alte immersis
anastomozantibus, marginibus ciliatis pilis patentibus simplicibus paucissimisque furcatis,
paginis adultorum glabris, novellorum pube brevi ramosa substellata conspersis. Scapi
unciales — sesquiunciales, saepissime aphylli, nunc folio unico lanceolato-lineari instructi, gla-
berrimi, Irnves. Corymbi 5-6-flori pedicellis glaberrimis patentibus, inferioribus flore ssepe
longioribus. Calyx : foliolis concavis, ovalibus, extus vel pilis nonnullis simplicibus con-
spersis vel saspius glaberrimis. Petala alba, calyce duplo longiora, ungite brevi, lamina
obovata venosa. Stamina tetradynama, calyce longiora, petalis breviora,y!'7ame7^^^.y edentulis,
aviheris uniformibus, subrotundis ocliroleucis. Ovarium sessile ovatum glabrum. Stylus
brevissimus. Stigma capitato-bilobum, stylo manifesto latius. Silicultx racemoso-corymbosae,
lanceolato-ovatae, glabrae, stigmate subsessili apiculatm, pedicellis patentibus paulo longiores
polyspermae. Semina biseriata, immarglnata.

10. CocHLEARiA FENESTRATA, siliculis elliptlcis ovallbusve, valvis subaveniis, dissepl-
mento elliptico-lanceolato axl saepius fenestrato, foliis radicalibus cordatis integerrimis ; cau-
llnls spathulato oblongis subdentatis.

Cochlearia fenestrata. Br, in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 193. De Cand. syst. nat. 2.
p. 367.

Desc. Species poly morpba. radicalla reniformi-cordata, cito decidua ; caullna sessllla,

Integra vel paucidentata. Calyx saepe purpurascens. Petala alba, obovata, calyce longiora.
Antherce subrotundae. Stylus brevis. Stigma capitatum. Silicula obtusa stylo brevi cum
stigmate apiculata. Valva ventricosae, venis alte immersis. Dissepimentum mine ellipticum,
nunc oblongum v. angustato-oblongum, e lamellis duabus tenuissimis facile separandis ; loculi
polyspermi. Funiculi umbilicales baslbus connexis ope membranae angustae dissepimento
parallelae. Semina contraria, h. e. cruribus embryonis Invicem septoque parallelis, ovata,
reticulata, immarglnata.

Obs. In exemplar! unico Siliculas passim triloculares trivalves dissepimento pariter fenes-
trato observavi.

PLATYPETALUM.

Char. Gen. Silicula ovalis polyspenna, valvis convexis. Cotyledones incumbentes.
Stylus brevissimus. Calyx subpatens. Petalorum lamina? dilatatae.

BOTANY.

cclxvii

Habitus fere Brayge quacum structura Jioris coiyledonibusque incumbentibus convenit ;
satis diversum pericarpii forma. Affne quoque Subularije esse videtur, quce ob coty-
ledones angustas bicrures, in, embryone tantum bicruri ab eadem tribu minime remo-
venda. Notis fructificationis pluribus accedit etiam Stenopetalo nob. quod calyce clauso.,
petalis subulatis ! glandulis receptaculi et habitu diversissimum,, nee revera affine.

11. Platypetalum purpurascens, stigmate bilobo patenti, stylo manifesto, scapis nudis
unifoliisque pubescentibus, siliculis glabriusculis.

Desc. Radix perennis, fusiformis saepe multicaulis. Cauleshve\e%, indivisi, basi denudati,
supra dense foliati. Folia lanceolata, obtusiuscula, integerrinia, rarius dente uno alterove in-
structa, crassa, avenia, laete-viridia, apice pilis nonnullis albis acutis simplicibus rariiisve furcatis
plerumque obsita; petioliha'Si. dilatati membranacei pallidi. Scapi terminales, saepius aphylli,
vix uuciales, basi nunc glabrati. Corymbits 4-6-florus, ebracteatus. Calyx modice patens,
sepalis ovatis concavis subaequalibus, extus fusco-purpureis, limbo angusto albo, apice saepe
pilosiusculis quandoque glaberrimis, tardius decidiiis. Petala alba, purpureo dilute tincta,
unguiculata, laminis dilatatis, latioribus quam longioribus, integris, obtusissimis, ungues llneares
superantibus. Glandulee. receptaculi quatuor, per paria approximatae, latera lilamentorum
breviorum stipantes. Stamina tetradynama, filamentis edentulis distinctis ; antheris uni-
formilms subrotundis ocliroleucis. Ovarium sessile, ovale, pubescens pilis acutis simpli-
cibus numerosis albis. Stylus brevissimus, tamen manifestus. Stigma : lobis patentibus,
obtusis, papulosis. Siliculce corymbosae, ovales, stylo brevissimo cum stigmate patenti
apiculatae, biloculares, polyspermae, valvis modice concavis, dissepimento completo. Semina
immarginata, fusca.

12. Platypetalum dubium, stigmate indiviso subsessili, siliculis scapisque pubescentibus.

Obs. Floribus ignotis dubiae generis planta cujus exemplaria tria in Herb. D. Sabine
exstant. Cotyledones certe incumbentes et lineares, basibus tamen crus radiculare embryonis
vix occupantibus.

EUTREMA.

Siliqua (abbreviata) anceps, valvis carinatis, dissepimento incomplete ! Cotyledones In-
cumbentes.

Herba habitu omnino Brayag et Platypetali, quibus maxime affine genus, distinguendum
tamen facile siliqua ancipiti, dissepimento incompleto, et seminum funiculis.

13. EUTREMA EDWARDSII— Tab. A.

Desc. Herba perennis, glabra, 2-3-unclalis. Radix fusiformis, crassa, biuncialis, striis
transversis tenuibus saepe subannulata, fibrillas numerosas exserens, multicaulis. Caules sim-
plicissimi, erecti, paucifolii. Folia radicalia elongato-petiolata, ovato-lanceolata, integerrima
tarissime paucidentata, crassiuscula, plana, uninervia, venis alte immersis crebre anastomo-

cclxviii

appendix.

zantibus inconspicuis, glaberrima : petiolis folio 4-5-ies longiorlbus, linearibus membranaceis^
albicantibus, adversus lucem trinerviis ; caulina radicalibus conformia, inferiora brevi pe-
tiolata, superiora subsessilia. Corymbi 7-10-flori, densi, folio florali sessili saepe subtensi, cse-
terum ebracteati. Calyx glaber, sepalis jEqualibus, ovatis, obtusis, modice concavis, trinerviis,
extra medium purpurascentibus, insertione parum inasqualibus. Petala alba, calyce sesquilon-
giora, ungues breves, lamince obovatae, (vel ex ovali obovat^) obtusae, integerrim®, plana?,
obsolete uninervise, vix manifeste venosae. Glandules receptaculi quatuor, per paria approxi-
matae, latera filamentorum breviorum stipantes, parvje. Stamina tetradynama. Filamenta
subulata, glabra, edentula, duo lateralia paulo breviora basi aversa (acie nec superficie plana
ovarium spectanti.) Anther (R unifornies, ovato-subrotundae, incumbentes, infra medium affixae,
loculis parallelo-contiguis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Pollen flavum, sphaericum, simplex
quantum observare potui per lentem centies augentem. Ovarium sessile, glabrum oblongo-
ovatum, uniloculare, placentis duabus parietalibus polyspermis. Stylus brevissimis vix mani-
festus. Stigma capitatum, indivisum v. semibilobum, stylo vix amplius. Siliqux (siliculosa?)
racemoste, erecta?, lineari-lanceolatae, ancipites, giaberrimae, vix trUineares, stigmate obtuso
indiviso subsessili apiculatae. Valvce carinatae, carina manifesta, venis immersis, cortice demum
ad margines solubili, in disco arctius adherenti ; replum cortice pariter separabdi. Dissepi-
mentum, praeter basin apicemque ubi saepius completum, plerumque margo perangustus ad
utrumque latus cujus processus membranaceus angustior e quo funiculi umbdicales brevissimi
obtusi crassi papdlaeformes orti. Semina immarginata, fusca, lasvia. Cotyledones incum-
bentes, lineari-oblongae, plano-convexiusculae, basi attenuata brevi in crure radiculari sita.

Ous. This species is named in honour of Mr. Edwards, Surgeon of the Hecla, from
whose extensive and well-preserved hei’barium I have derived great assistance in drawing
up the present list, and in which only perfect specimens with ripe sdiquae of Eutrema
Edwardsii were found.

EXPLICATIO TABULdS— A.

Eutrema Edwardsii. — 1. Planta florida, et 17. fructifera ; utraque magnitudine natu-
rali. Sequentes magnitudine auct^ ; 2. flos integer ; 3. petalum ; 4. flos petalis orbatus ;
5, sepalum (foliolum calycis) ; 6. stamina et pistillum integumentis floralibus avulsis; 7.
stamen longius ; 8. stamen brevius ; 9- pollen ad augmentum 200 ; 10. pistillum receptaculo
insidens a facie visum ; 11. idem duplo auctius ; 12, ejusdem portio transverse secta ; 13.
idem valvis avulsis; 14. pistillum a latere visum; 15. idem valvis avulsis; 16. placentie
parietalis portio cum ovulis ; 18. siliqua matura dehiscens a facie visa; 19. siliqua matura
clausa a latere visa ; 20. eadem valvis orbata; 21. eadem duplo auctius; 22. semen; 23.
idem transverse sectum ; 24. idem longitudinaliter sectum ; 25. embryo.

PARllYA.

Chau. Gen. Siliqua lato-linearis, valvis venosis, Semina biseriata, testae epidermide

BOTANY.

cclxix

laxo, corrugate. Cotyledoncs accuiiibentes. StigMCctci approxmiata basibus counatis in stj-
lum (brevissimum) decurrentibus. Filamenta edentula.

Herbse persnnes, glabra, subacaules. Folia radicalia mtegerrima v. dentata, crassiuscula,
opaca, venis immersis inconspicuis, petioloruTii basibus dilatatis scariosis semivaginantibus.
Scapi radicales, aphylli, ebracteati. Flores purpurei. Calyx subpatens. Glandulse
hypogynas 4, filamenta longiora extus stipantes.

Obs. Affinitate proximum genus Arabidi, diversum siliquaruni figura, structui'a seminum
et stigmatis, et denique habitu.

This Genus is named in honour of Captain Pahry, the distinguished commander of
the Expedition in which it was discovered, and whose herbarium contained very complete
specimens of the species here described.

14. PARRYA ARCTTCA— Tab. B.

Parrya, siliquis lineaii-oblongis, antheris ovalibus, foliis (fere omnibus) Integerrimis,
pedunculis glaberrimis.

Desc. Herba humilis, perennls, glaberrima. Radix perpendicularis, crassa, sublignea,
strils transversis tenuibus notata, sagpe multiceps. Caules brevissimi, dense foliati. Folia
petiolata, lanceolata passlmve spathulato-lanceolata, integerrima, nonnulla rarlssime pauci-
dentata, crassiuscula, opaca, immerse uninervia, venis alte immersis Inconspicuis. Petioli
dimldio superiore angusto lineari textura laminte, inferiore dilatato seralvagfnanti scarioso
albicanti. Scapus caulem abbreviatum terminans vel seepe axillaris, aphyllus, ebracteatus,
glaberrimus, florifer foliis ssepe duplo fructifer trlplo — quadruplove longior. Flores corym-
bosi, pedunculis patentlbus glaberrimis. Calyx glaber, modice patens, deciduus : sepala,
ovalia, obtusa, concava, insertione parum insequalla, immerse nervosa, nervis passim oblique
connexis. Petala quatuor, sequalia, unguiculata, purpurea, rarlus alba, calyce duplo longiora ;
ungues lineares; lamina Coos&Xse, uninerviae, venosfe venis apice dichotomls. Stamina B,
tetradynama. Filamenta edentula ; 4 longiora latlora, altero latere extra medium paulo an-
gustiora. Anthera uniformes, infra medium affixa?, oblongo-ovales, ochroleucge, basi cordata
iobulis approximato-parallelis, connectivo perangusto. Pollen sphaericum, simplex (nec
compositum quantum observare llcuit per lentem 114-ies augentem.) Glandula hypogyna
quatuor, filamenta longiora extus stipantes. Ovarium sessile, glabrum, biloculare, polysper-
inum, ovulis numerosis. Stylus brevissimus. Stigma bipartitum, lobis placentis oppositis,
obtusls, mutuo s^pius appressis, basibus confluentibus et quasi in latera styli decurren-
tibus. Siliqua racemosa?, erectae, nonnullae quandoque pendulae, pedicellis paten tibus, intra
cicatrices floris sessiles, lineari-oblongae, passim siliculiformes, utrinque obtusae. Valva
planae, uninerviae, venosas. Dissepimentum completum (rarissime fenestratum foramine
magno v. parvo) arachnoideo-areolatum, axi quandoque opaciori paulo incrassato, lineisve
duabus opacioribus axi approximatis. Funiculi icmbilicales marginati, latiusculi, dimidio
inferior! septo cohaerentes. Semina 6-8 in singulo loculo, saspiusque biseriata, epidermis
testae laxus, tenuissimus, albus, ultra ipsam testam in limbum latiusculum extensus, supra
nucleum rugosus, testa ipsa, dempto epiderraide, crasso-membranacea e duabus lamellis

2 1 2

cclxx

APPENDIX.

invicem arete cohterentibus conflata, membrana interna nulla nisi lamella Interior testa?.
Embryo curvatus, plumbeus. Cotyledones ovali-obovatfe, planiuscula?, accumbentes, aveniae,
Radicula teres, acuta.

Obs. Parrya? altera species est P. Macrocarpa, siliquis lanceolato-linearibus utrinque
acutis inter seniina scepe constrictis, antlieris linearibus, pediceUis floriferis hispldiusculis, foliis
incisis dentatisque ; quas Cardamine nudicaulis, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 1, p. 654, fide speciminis
unici fructiferi absque floribus dlius herbaril. Cardamine, &c. Gmel. sib. 3. p. 273. n. 43.
Cardamine articulata, Pursh. am. 2. p. 439. De Cand. syst. 2. p. 268. Arabis nudicaulis,
De Cand. syst. 2. p. 240.

EXPLICATIO TABUL/E— B.

Parrya arctica. — 1, 2, et 3. Planta? flovidae et 21 planta fructifera; omnes magnitudine
naturali. Sequentes magnitudine auetje, 4. flos integer, 5. petalum, 6. flos petalis orbatus,
7. sepalum, 8. genitalia integumentis floralibus avulsis, 9. stamen longius antlce, 10. idem
postice visum, 11. stamen brevius, 12. pollen 200-ies auctum, 13. pistlllum receptaculo insldens
a facie visum, 14. idem duplo auctlus, 15. idem valvis avulsis, 16. ejusdem (14) sectlo trans-
versalis, 17. pistlllum a latere visum, 18. idem valvis avulsis ovula exhibens loculi alterius,
19. ejusdem (17) sectlo transversa, 20. placentae portio cum ovulis et funiculis suis, 22. siliqua
matura deblscens a facie visa, 23. siliqua matura clausa a latere visa, 24. eadem valvis orbata
exhibens dissejilmentum et semina loculi alterius, 25. placentm portio cum semlnibus duobus
ejildermide laxo rugoso arilliformi tectis, 26. seniinis maturi integumentis ambobus instruct!
sectio transversa, 27. semen epidermide arilliformi orbatum, 28. ejusdem sectio longi-
tudinalis, 29. cmb)-yo situ naturali, 30. idem cotyledonibus arte expansis, 31. semen abor-
tlvum.

15. Cardamine bellidifolia. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 913. Flor. Dan. t. 20. Wahlenb.
lapp. p. '179. De Cand. syst. nat. 2. p. 249. Br. in Scoresby'’s arct. reg. 1. append,
p. 75.

Cardamine foliis simplicibus ovatis petiolis longissimis. Linn. lapp. p. 214. 7i. 260.
(cum figura respectu habitus bona, quoad flores pessima, tab. 9, f- 2.) exclus. syn. Clusil et
Gerardi, ad Arabidem bellldlfoliam pertinentibus, monente D. Smith, in Flor. lapp. ed. 2.

CARYOPHYLLE^.

16. Lychnis apetala. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 626. Flor. Dan. 806. Willden, sp.
pi. 2. p. 810. Pers. syn. 1. p. 520. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 135. t. 7. Br. in Ross‘‘ voy.
ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. Richardson in Franklin's journ. p. 738.

Cucubalus caule simpliclssimo unlfloro corolla inclusa. Linn. lapp. 143. w. 181. t. 12. /. L

17. Cerastium alfinum. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 628. Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. 814.

BOTANY.

cclxxi

Pers. syn. 1. p. 521. Smith brit. 2. p. 500. Engl. bot. 472. Hooker scot. p. 144 et 280
Soland. in Phipps'" voy. p. 202. Br. in Ross' voy. ed. % vol. 2. p. 102. Spitz, pi. in Scores-
by's arct. reg. 1. append, p. 75. Hooker in Scoresby greenl. p. 413. Cerastium latifolium.
Light f. scot. 1. p. 242. 1. 10.

Obs. Species polymorpha cujus tres varietates sequentes in Insula Melville obsei'vatse.

a. folia oblonga rariusve breve ovalia, pedunculi dichotoini rarius uniflori, pili pedun-
culorum plerique glaiaduloso-capitati, capsulse oblongae calyce duplo fere longiores.

/3. folia late ovata, pedunculi dichotomi pilis plerisque acutis, calycis foliola interiora
glabriuscula.

y. hirsuta, folia elliptica v. lanceolata, pedunculi divisi et solitarii, pilis plerisque acutis,
capsulfe calyce paulo longiores.

18. Stellaria Edwarusii, folds ovato-lanceolatis integerrimis enerviis nitidis, pedun-
culis terminallbus imifloris trifidisve, petalis blpartitis calyce immerse trinervi longioribus,
antheris purpureis.

Obs. Duplex varietas.

• In a. (cujus exemplaria plurima in Melville Island, et allqua anno 1792, ad Chester-
field Inlet lecta vidi) folia ovata acuta v. ovato-lanceolata, pedunculi solitarii v. trifidi,
lateralibus seepissime unifloris altero nunc abortiente, dum solitarii ebracteati, dum divisi
bibracteati, bracteis semifoliaceis marglne membranaceo ciliato, pedicellis lateralibus pariter
bibracteatis. Caulis et folia saepius glaberrima, caulls nunc villosiusculus et folia basi ciliata
villis tenuibus laxls.

/3. (cujus exemplaria duo, quorum alterum multicaule,) folia ovato-lanceolata apice subatte-
nuata nitidissima, pedunculi saepius uniflori. Caules et folia glaberrima.

In utraque fructus desideratur, qui exstat in S. Edwardsii, Richardson in Franklin's journ.
p. 738. In hac vero, quae forsan distincta species, antberae ochroleucae minimae et polline desti-
tute, styli elongati et stigmata manifestiora, caules et folia glaberrima, capsida erecta calyce
fere duplo longior semisexvalvis, semina reniformia levia fusca.

De Stellaria nltida Hooker in Scoresby greenl. p. 411. cui secundum auctorem folia lan-
ceolata siccitate subtrinervia, flores subpaniculati et an there flave, incertus sum.

19. Arenaria quadrivalvis, foliis subulatls acutis glaberrimis trinerviis, pcdunculls
uniriorls elongatis pubescentibus, calycibus acutlssimls trinerviis petala elliptica superantibus
capsula quadrivalvi (nune 3 — 5-valvi) sepius brevioribus.

Alsine rubella, Wahlenb. lapp. 128, t. 6, forsan baud distincta; sed secundum auctorem
capsula 3-valvis petala rubella et in icone subspathulata basi valde attenuata.

Desc. Herba 1-2-uncialis. Radix perennis, descendens. Caulis a basi ramosissimus
cespitem densum efformans, infra vaginis petiolaribus emarcidis nervisque foliorum denudatis
obsitus, supra dense foliatus. Folia opposita basi connata, subulata, acuta, mutica, super
concaviuscula, subter convexa, trinervia, marginibus nudis. Pedunculi terminales solitarii.

cclxxii

APPENDIX.

uniflori, prope basin bibracteati, bracteis lanceolatis, semlfollacels margine membranaceo,
pubescentes pllis brevibus, porrectis, glanduloso-capitatis, numerosis. Calyx 5-partitus,
sepalis lanceolatis, acutissimis, vix acuminatis, concaviusculis, trinerviis, viridibus nunc
fusco-purpureo tinctis mai’gine albo membranaceo, extus pilis nonnuUis brevissimis minute
capitatis conspersis, persistens, Petala 5, integerrima, alba, calyce paulo breviora, ovali-
oblonga v. elliptica, integerrima, basi parum attenuata, persistentia. Stamina decern,
margini disci brevissimi subcarnosi, dubise originis, perigyni potius quam hypogyni, inserta.
Filamenta subulato-filiformia, glabra. Anthera ochroleucse, subrotundse, loculls approximatis,
appositis, longitudinaliter deliisceritibus. Ovarium sessile, ovatum, glabrum, uniloculare, poly-
spermum. Stigmata quatuor (passim 3 et 5) filiformia, alba intus longitudinaliter hispidula.
Capsula calyce persistent! appresso sa?pius paulo longior, nunc eundem subsequans, qua-
drivalvis, passim 3 et 5-valvis, valvis vix omnino ad basin distinctis. Receptaculum seminum
centrale, longitudine fere capsulse, cum apice cavitatis primo connexum mox solutum. Semina,
reniformia, laevia, fusca, funiculis umbilicalibus cum receptaculo communi persistentibus.

20. Arenaria Rossii, glaberrima, foliis triquetro subulatis obtusiusculis muticis enerviis
florem vix asquantibus, pedunculis unifloris elongatis, petalis oblongis calyces obsolete triner-
vios paulo superantibus.

Desc. Herba pusilla, glaberrima. Caules ramosissimi, csespitosi, dense foliati. Folia
oppositabasibus connatis, carinata. Pedunculi foliis aliquoties longiores. Calyx 5-partitus,
purpurascens; sepala asqualia, ovata, acutiuscula, modice concava, obsoletissime trinervia, mar-
ginibus membranaceis nudis. Petala 5, angusto-oblonga, obtusa, integra, alba, calyce paululum
longiora. Stamina 10. Filamenta disco scutelliformi subcarnoso potius perigyno quam
liypogyno inserta, e latiore basi filiformia, glabra, alba. Anthers ovales, ochroleucae. Ovarium,
ovatum, sessile, uniloculare, glabrum, polyspermum. Stigmata 3, filiformia.

Obs. Arenaria Rossii, Richardson in Franklin! s journ, p. 738, paido dlversa est statura
majore, foliis calycem longitudine superantibus, minus crassis nec adeo obtusls, internodio
saepius brevioribus, calycis foliolis duobus exterioribus parum brevioribus, nervis lateralibus
omnium manifestioribus, petalis longitudine calycis. In hac capsula trivalvis calycem aequat.

Alsine stricta Wahlenb. lapp. p. 127. ab Arenaria Rossii Richards. 1. differt statura
duplo majore, foliis longioribus acutis aliisque notis.

SAXIFRAGEiE.

sAxiFRAGA. Linn.

Char. Gen. Stamina 10, antheris didymis. Petala Indlvlsa. Styli 2. Capsula (v.
adhaerens v. libera,) bilocularis, birostris v. biloba, foramine inter rostra ipsisve lobis intus
longitudinaliter dehiscens, polysperma. Semina : testa nucleo subconformi.

Obs. Characterem in paucis mutatum structuram antherarum et seminum respicientem

BOTANY.

cclxxiii

proposui ob genus maxime affine (Leptaeehena nob. quae Saxifraga amplexifolia, Sternb.
saxifr. suppl. p. 2. t. 2. Saxifraga pyrolifolia, Don in Linn. soc. trans. 13. p. 389.) cui
antherse uniloculares bivalves septo incomplete parallelo, et seniina (capsulae alte bilobae) sco-
biformia, testa utrinque ultra nucleuin ovalem elongata, subulata !

21. Saxifeaga oppositifolia. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 575. Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. 648.
«, S?nitk Brit. 2. p. 450. Engl. bot. t. 19. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 113. Carpal, p. 118.
Soland. in Phipps' voy. p. 202. Br. in Ross'' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. Spitz, pi. in
Scoresby'’s arct. reg. 1. append, p. 75. Don. in Linn. soc. trans. v. 13. p. 400,

22. Saxifeaga hieculus. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 576.

/3. Petala obovata, ungue nudo : caulis uniflorus.

Saxifraga propinqua. Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192.

Hirculus propinquus. Haw. Saxif. enum. p. 41.

Obs. Petala quandoque, ssepius forsan, appendiculata et calyces ciliati ; ideoque a S.
Hirculo vix differ! nisi petalis plerumque obovatis ungue nudo nec ciliato, caule fere semper
unifloro et statui’a minore. Haec varietas solum in Insula Melville observata fuit.

23. Saxifeaga flagellaeis, flageUis filiformibus, caule erecto simplici 1-3-floro
calycibusque glanduloso-pubescentibus, foliis radicalibus caulinisque inferioribus obovato-
spathulatis ediatis ; superioribus villosiusculis, petalis persistentibus capsula semisupera
longioribus.

Saxifraga flageUaris. Sternb. saxifr. p. 25 et 58. t. 6. Steven in Mem. soc. not. cur.
mosq. 4. p. 79. Marschall flor. taur-caucas. 3. p. 291. Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2.
p. 192. Don. in Linn. soc. trans. 13. p. 373.

Saxifraga setigera. Pursh. am. 1. p. 31.2.

Desc: Radix perpendicularis, fibras longas subsimplices dimittens, elevans Caulem
unicum, simplicissimum, 2-4-uncialem, foliatum, pubescentem, pilis brevibus strictis pur-
pureo-capitatis, sursum crebrioribus, basi demum glabratum. Folia indivisa, radicalia
et caulina inferiora confertissima, patentia, superiora sparsa: radicalia cuneato-obovata
et subspathulata, acutiuscula, plana, basi angustata in petiolum brevem latiusculum,
immerse nervosa, nervis lateralibus dichotomis ramis interioribus in extimum margini folii
approximatum desinentibus, apicibus mox infra apicem folii confluentibus, ibique caUo
subovali in pagina superiore parum elevate aucta, marginibus longitudinaliter ciliatis, pilis
subulatis strictis rigidulis brevibus albicantibus, capitulo glanduloso purpurascente de-
mum deciduo apiculatis, terminali dilatato pariter apiculato; caulina inferiora conferta,
radicalibus subsimilia figura, ciliis marginalibus et paginis glabris ; superiora sparsa,
paulo minora, oblonga, acutiuscula, basi vix attenuata, subsessilia utraque pagina margini-
busque pilis brevibus glanduloso-capitatis iisque calycis et caulis simUibus. Flagella ex alis
foliorum radicalium et inferiorum caulis solitaria, ffiiformia, 3 — 5-uncias longa, angulata v.
anguste marginata, arcuato-deflexa, pilis glandulosis rarisshnis conspersa, aphylla, apice sobo-

cclxxiv

APPENDIX.

Jifera : gemmula parva, turbinata, e foliolis nanis numerosis conniventibus, arete imbricatis,
obovatib aciitiusculis, immerse nervosls, glabris, marginibus ciliis nonnuUis brevibus ornatis ;
et In ipsa basi radiculis 2 — 3 simplicibus singulis e vagina (coleorhiza) membranacea, primo
clausa dein lacerata erumpentibus. Flores 1 — 3, pedunculati, erecti, medius praecocior,
ebracteatus, laterales braetea imica nunc duabus alternis lato-linearibus sessilibus foliaceis.
Calyx basi adhmrcns, dimidio libero 5-partito, laciniis ovatis, obtusiusculis extus pube glan-
dulosa foliorum instar conspersis, intus glaberrimis, nervis alte immersis. Petala 5, aurea
calyce duplo longiora, uvgue brevissimo, lamina obovata, 5 — 7-nervi, ssepissime inappen-
diculata, quandoque squamula obsoleta extra nei’vos extimos. Stamina decern, calyce parum
longiora, petalis breviora. Filamenta subulata, subaeqiialia. Antherce uniformes, cordatae,
flavae, loculis contiguis medio (margine) longitudinaliter debiscentibus. Pollen flavum.
Ovarium basi l)reve turbinata adherenti, dimidio libero bifido ; biloculare, polyspermum.
Styli vix ulli. Stigmata suborbiculata, depressa, papulosa, nec omnino glabra. Capsula plus-
quam semisupera, bilocularis, biloba, calycis laciniis erectis cincta, et petalis persistentibus (vix
emarcidls) longioribus occultata, lobis brevibus crassiusculis longitudinaliter, fere ad stig-
mata persistentia usque, debiscentibus. Semina in caAntate bilocular! indivisa solum, lobis
vacuis, minuta, laevia, cylindraceo-oblonga, castanea : testa membranacea. Albumen semini
conforme, album, faiinoso-carnosum. Embryo rectus, axilis, teres, longitudine fere dimidii
albuminis. Cotyledones radicula breviores.

24. Saxifraga tricuspidata. Rottb. in act. Hafn. 10. p. 446, t. 6. n. 21. Gunn,
norv. 2. p. 135. n. 1046. FI or. Dan. 976. Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. 657. Pers. syn. 1.
p. 490. Sternb. saxifr. p. 54. Pursh. am. 1. p. 312. Giesecke Grreenl. in Edin. Encyclop.
Br. in Ross’’ voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. Don in Linn. soc. tram. 13. p. 440. Richardson
in Franklin’s jour. p. 737.

Obs. In planta Insulae Melville, quge statura humilior, folia radicalia passim et caulina
omnia indivisa.

25. Saxifraga hpperborea, fobis glaberrimis: radicalibus palmatis elongato-petiolatls,
caule lanato subbifloro, bracteis oblongo-linearibus sessilibus, petalis uninerviis, capsulis
semiinferis.

Obs. Proxime accedit S. rivulari Linn, et ejusdem forsan A^arletas. S. rlvularis autem
dlffert bracteis ambabus saepius, inferioribus semper subpetiolatis obovatis, caule inferne minus
lanato. Ab utraque distincta est S. petiolaris {Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 192.) foliis
omnibus glandubs subsessilibus conspersis : radicalibus scapum aequantibus v. superantibus,
folio florali lobato, petalis trinerviis.

26. Saxifraga uniflora, foliis radicalibus aggregatis trifidis ; caullnis linearlbus in-
dlvisis distantibus, caule unifloro ovarioque infero viscido : pube glandulosa brevissima, caly-
cibus obtusis, petalis obovato-oblongis.

Saxifraga caespitosa, Br, in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192.

•■'va:

BOTANY.

cclxxv

Saxifraga venosa, Haworth enum. saxifr. p. 28?

Obs. Nimis affinis S. caespitosse, Linn. ; vix distincta species.

27. Saxifraga nivalis, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 573. Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. 645. Pers
syn. 1. p. 488. Smith brit. 2. p. 449. Engl. 440. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 113.

a. corymbus multiflorus tliyrsoideus, pedunculis inferioribus trlfloris.

/3. corymbus simplicissimus pauciflorus. Linn. lapp. t. 2. f. 5.

Obs. varietas /S, dimidio minor, pube caulis et pedicellorum parciore breviore stricta (nec,
ut in a. laxa decumbente lanam brevem referente) ; in utraque petala persistentia. Saxifraga
longiscapa, Don. in Linn. soc. transact. 13. p. 388. a varietate /3. vix differt nisi scapo
longiore.

28. Saxifraga foliolosa, foliis radicalibus cuneatis subdentatis, scapis divisis ; ramis
apice nnifloris infra tectis foliolis nanis fasciculatis, calycibus inferis obovatis, petalorum
laminis cordato-lanceolatis.

Saxifragag stellaris var. Linn. Saxifraga caule undo simplici foliis dentatis coma foliolosa
Linn. lapp. p. 137. y. tab. 2. f. 3.

Saxifraga stellaris /3. comosa. Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. 644.

Obs. Distincta videtur a S. stellari, Linn, (quae in Insula Melville baud observata fuit)
scapo dense foliolato florlbus paucissimis (v. nullis) calycibus obovatis, et praesertim petalorum
aequalium laminis basi cordatis. ,

29. Saxifraga cernua, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 577. Jior. lapp. n. 172. t. 2. f. 4.
Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. 652. Pers. syn. 1. p. 489. Smith brit. 2. p. 453, Engl. hot. t. 664.
Flor. Dan.9.9,. Wahlenb. lapp.'^p.WQ. Hooker, scot. p. 130. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 162.
n. 74. Sternb. saxifr. p. 18. t. 12. f. 2. Soland. in Phipps’' voy. p. 202. Br. in Ross'
voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. Spitz, pi. in Scoresby''s arct. reg. 1. app. p. 75. Don in Linn,
soc. trans. 13. p. 364. Richard-poT},-in Frankliris journ. p. 737.

Obs. Variat rarius caule ramosq, unifloris, quae S. cernua, Gunn. nor. n. 528. t. 8.f. 2.
et Saxifraga bulbifera? Flor. Dan. 39.Q. Zoega pi. island, in Olafs. reise 2. p. 236.

30. Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 569. Willden. sp. pi.
2. p. 637. Pers. syn. 1. p. ^81 . Smith brit. 2. p. 453. Engl. bot. 54. Hooker scot,
p. 128. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 111. .^^4ppat. p. 116. Marschall caucas, 1. p. 313. Richard-
son in Franklin's journ. p. 737. bp

!. ' r

’ ROSACE JH.

31. Dryas integrifolia, foliis ;|ategerrimis passimque infra medium Inciso-crenatis ;
venis subtus inconspicuis ; novellis sem^iccatisque marginibus revolutis.

Dryas integrifolia, Vahl in act. soc. faUffiat. hafn. vol. 4. par. 2. p. 171. Flor. Dan.

2 m

cclxxvi

APPENDIX.

1216. Pers. syn. 2. y. 57. Br. in Ross' voy. ed.% vol. 2. p. 193. Richardson in
Franklin's journ. p. 740.

Dryas tenella, Banks' mss. (fid. specim. a Terra Nova, ubi primum an. 1766, a D. Banks
detecta) Pursh. am. 1. p. S50.

Obs. Nimls affinis D. octopetalse, quae dlfFert statura sa-pisslme majore, foliis semper lon-
gitudinaliter inciso-crenatis, subtus costatis venis prominulis.

SIEVERSIA.

SiEVEusiA, Wilhlen. hi Mag. der gesell. naturf. fr. zu Berlin' 5. jahrg. (1811.)
p>. 397. cliaractere emendato.

Chau. Gen. Calyx decemfidus, lacinils alternis accessoriis. Petala 5. Stamina inde-
finite numerosa. Ovaria indefinita, ovulo adscendente. Styli terminales, continui. Ache-
nium stylo toto persistenti aristatum. Embryo erectus.

Habitus nec omnino, Gei, quod differt genicidatis articulo superiors dissimili
scepiusque deciduo.

Ab utroque genere distinguendum Geum potentilloides (Coluria nob.) ob Stylum basi
cum apice ovarii articulatum deciduum, et Achenia (glandulosa) tubo elongato turbinato
calycis inclusa.

Sieversiae species sunt Geum montanum et reptans Linn, radiatum Michaux, Peckii et
triflorum Pursh, glaciale Adams, humilis, congesta et dilatata nob. et Geum anemonoides
Willden. sp.pl. quae Dryas pentapetala Z/Zww., cui certe styli terminales nec laterales ut per-
hibet Willdenow in charactere generis Sieversi^, pro hac specie solum ab illo instituti.

32. SiEVERSii Rossii, aristis nudis, foliis radicalibus interrupte pinnatis glabrls: plnnls
trilobis ; accessoriis imisque nanis indivisis, caule unifloro subdiphyllo, petalorum venis omni-
bus distinctls.

Desc. Herba perennls, 2 — 6-uncialls, glabra. Caudex demersus, radlclformls, squamis
scariosis fuscis (petiolorum reliquiis) tectus, infra medietatem fibras descendentes simplices
fibrillosas crassiusculas proferens. Folia radicalia numerosa (4 — 7,) glabriuscula, petiolata,
interrupte pinnata, exstlpvdata, plnnis circumscriptlone ovatis cuneatisve, trifidls vel bifidis
(lobo superlore lateralium deficiente) basi inaequall, inferne in rachin decurrenti, superloribus
approximatis, nanis indivisis interpositis inter medias ; Imis Ipsis minimis integeriimis. Petioli
infra medium dilatati ibique scariosi, pallide fusci. Scapi ex alis foliorum radicalium vel
squamarum superiorum caudicis demersi, infra nudi, extra medium foliis s^pius duobus,
alternis, sessilibus, pinnatifidis, exstipulatis, in statu florescentias (cum scapi foba radicalia vlx
sequant) invlcem apicique scapi approximatis, in fructiferis folia radicalia aliquoties superan-
tibus, ab invicem et ab apice smpe distantibus ; teretes, pubescentes, pube descendendo sensim
parciore. Flos solitarius, erectus, ebracteatus. Calyx extus pubescens, decemfidus, tubo
brevi turbinato, laciniis 5 majorlbus interioribus, late semiovatis, acutiusculls, quinque alternis
dimidio mlnoribus, ovabbus, petabs oppositis. Petala 5, obovata, integerrima, venosa, aurea,

BOTANY.

cclxxvii

slnubus laclniarvim majorum calycis inserta iisque sesquilongiora. Stamina fauci calycis
inserta, indefinita, 80 plura. Filamenta subulata, glabra. Antherce. ovate, flavse, basi semi-
bifidee, loculis parallelo-approximatis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Pollen globosum,
simplex. Ovaria indefinite niimerosa, receptaculo subcylindraceo imbricato inserta, breve
pedicellata, ab apice pedicellorum solubilia, liirsuta, pilis acutis strictis, monosperma, ovulo
adscendente. Styli terminales, filiformes, subulati, glabri, stricti. Stigmata dilatata, obliqua,
retusa, papulosa.

Obs. This species is named in honour of Lieutenant James Ross, in whose well-presei*ved
herbarium several plants were found not contained in the other collections.

EXPLICATIO TAB. C.

SiEVEUSiA Rossii. 1, 2. Planta florida, magnitudine naturali. Sequentes aucte. 3 et 4,
flos antice et postice visus. 5. flos petalis et staminibus orbatus. 6. petalum. 7. portio
calycis cum staminibus respondentlbus ejusdem basi ihsertis. 8, 9. stamen aritlce et postice
visum. 10. poUen 200-ies auctum. 11. pistillum. 12. id. longitudinaliter sectum. 13.
pistilla receptaculo insldentia. 14. receptaculum commune pistillorum cum pedicellis. lo.
achenium fere maturum. 16. id. longitudinaliter sectum. 17. id. transverse sectum.
18. semen. 19. embryo. ' ■

83. PoTE^^TiLLA PULCHELLA, foliis pinnatls bijugis super vlllosls subter sericels, follolls
pinnatifidis pari inferior! mlnore : lobis omnium lanceolato-linearibus, caulibus pauclfloris
(uniflorisve), stylo basi glanduloso-dilatata.

PotentiUa pulchella, Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 193.

Potentilla sericea.^ Greville in Mem. Wern. soc. 3. p. 430. fide speciminis in herb, groen-
landico D. Jameson.

Obs. P. sericea Linn, facile distinguitur foliis 3 — 5-jugis, et lana elongata receptaculi,
quod in P. pulchella pube brevi ovaria vix sequante instructum. Nostra planta affinitate
propius accedit P. niveae, baud obstante hujus divisione ternata foliorum, quae nunc, rarissime
quamvis, addito foholorum pari nano similiter plnnata evadunt.

34. Potentilla nivea. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 715. Rottb. in act. Hafn. 10. p. 451,
t. 7. 71. 22. optima fig. var. a. Willden. sp. pi. 2. p. 1109. Pers. syn. 2. p. 56.
JVahlenb. lapp.p. 146. Nestle?' potent, p. 73. Lehman potent, p. 184.

a. folia super villosluscula viridia, subter niveo-tomentosa.
folia utrinque villosluscula, paginis concoloribus.

Potentilla nivea /3. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 147.

Potentilla Groenlandica, Br. in Ross’ voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 193.

Potentilla frigida.? Greville in Mem. Wern. soc. 3. 430. see exempl. in herbario

D. Jameson.

Potentilla verna, Hooker in Scoresby’s greenl. p. 413.

2 m 2

cclxxviii

APPENDIX.

Obs. Polymorpha species, cui nimis affinis est Potentilla Vahliana p. 17J2,

quae P. hirsuta Flor. Dan. f. 1390, secundum exemplar Groenlandium a D. Giesecke; et P,
Jamesonlana Greville in Mem. Wern. soc. 3. p. 417. t. 20. fide exempl. a D. Jameson; nec
di versa videtur P. macrantha Ledeb. secundum specimen ex Oonalaska a D. Fischer.

PAPILIONACE^.

35. Astragalus alpinus, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1070. Flor. lapp. p. 218. n. 267.
t. 9- /i 1. Flor. Dan. 51. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 45. n. 59. Pall, astrag. p. 41. t. 32.
Willden. sp. pi. 3. p. 1297. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 190. 1. 12./. 5. (fruct.) Helv. 131. Carpal.
223. Pursh. am. 2. p. 472.

Phaca astragallna, De Cand. Astrag. p. .52. Pers. syn. 2. p. 331. Richardson in Frank-
lin's journ. p. 745.

36. OxYTROPis arctica, subacaulls sericea, stlpulis petlolaribus, foliolis oppositis alter-
nisque ovali-oblongis, capitulo subumbellato paucifloro, leguminibus erectis oblongis acu-
minatis calycibusque nigro-pubescentibus.

Desc. Radix lignea, pei'pendicularis, longissima, crassa, subramosa, multiceps. Caules
bi •evissimi, dense foliati et basi stipulis vlllosisslmls persistentibus imbricatis tecti. Folia con-
ferta, foliola 11 — 17, novella utrinque villosa sericea, adulta super glabriuscula, ovalia v.
oblonga, saepius obtusa raro acutiuscula. Stlpulae membranacese, infra petiolo adnatae, apicibus
solutis semllanceolatis, acutlssimis. Scajn follis longiores, teretes, villosi, villis albo-clnei’eis,
nunc clnereis nigrisque intermixtis, nunc omnino nigris. Flores majusculi. Capitulum
3 — 5-florum, pedicellis brevissimis. Bractex- llneares, acuta?, patulae, calyce breviores, extus
pube nlgricante. Calyx villis nigris subadpressis copiosis tectus, dentibus erectis brevibus.
Corolla ca?ruleo-vlolacea, calyce duplo longlor (9 — 10-lin. aequans.) V exillum obcordatum
lateribus reflexis, lamina basi attenuata absque callls auriculisve. Alee vexillo breviores,
obtusissimae, apice dilatato oblique retuso, prope basin lateris auriculati Intus plica sallente,
bine auriculo mediocri. Carina alls paulo brevior, obtusa cum mucrone brevi acutiusculo.
Stamina inclusa 1 — 9-fid. antheris unlformibus. Legumen erectum, calyce bine longitudinaliter
fisso infra auctum, oblongum, acuminatum, sutura superiore intruso intusque septifero, septo
incompleto bipartlblli, funlculis adnatis parallelo-striato. Semina reniformia, in singulo loculo
7 — 9, funlculis apice solutis e margine dissepimento quasi ortis.

Obs. Species proxima O. uralensi qua? diversa floribus legumlnibusque spicatis, foliolis
numerosioribus et semper acutlssimis, calycibus legumlnibusque cinereis pilis nonnullis atrls
pluribus albis.

COMPOSITdE.

37. Leontodon palustre, Smith brit. 2. p. 823. Engl. bot. 553. Pers. syn. 2.
p. 367. Hooker scot. p. 227. Flor. Dan. 1708. Richardson in Franklin's journ.
p. 746.

BOTANY.

cclxxix

Leontodon lividus, Waldst. et Kitaib. pL rar. hung. 2. p. 120. t. 115. Willden. sp. pi.
3. p. 1545. Marsch. taur-caucas. % p. 246. voL 3. p. 531.

Leontodon taraxacum.?’ Br. in Ross’ voy. ed. 2. vol.2. p. 194.

Leontodon taraxacum /3. Wahlenb. carpat. 238. Upsal. p. 257.

Obs. Nimis affinis L. Taraxaco L. videtur.

38, Arnica Montana Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1245. Willden. sp. pi. 3. p. 2106.
Pers.syn. 2. p. 453. Wahlenb. lapp. 210.

Arnica angustifolia, Vahl in Flor. Dan. 1524. fide exempl. Greenland, a D. Giesecke.

Doronicum foliis lanceolatis, Linn. lapp. 241. n. 305.

Obs. Planta nostra Groenlandica ssepius humillor (2 — 4-unciaIis) cum exemplarlbus non-
nuUis a D. Richardson prope littora maris arctici quadrans vix specie distinguenda ah Arnica
montana cujus insuper varietates sunt Arnica plantaginea et fulgens, Pursh. am.

39- Cineraria congesta, capitulo lanato, foliis lineari-lingulatis imdulatis, caule sim-
plicissimo.

Desc. Herba 3 — 4-uncialis lanata. Radix fasciculato-fibrosa. Folia radicalia et ima
caulina numerosa indivisa, lingulata, obtusa, undulata, demum glabriuscula, viridia ; caulina
superiora 2 — 3, alterna, lana decumbente. Caulis erectus, simplicissimus, lana implexa tardius
decidua tectus. Anthodia in capitulum terminale subsphaericum ebracteatum dense congesta,
lana copiosa semi-involuta, radiata. Involucrum (calyx communis) simplici serie polypliyllum,
lana decumbent! copiosa, e villis longis implexis articulatis, dense tectum. Ligxdae numerosse,
feminem, lamina oblongo-lineari, integra, 2 — 3-nervi. Flosculi hennaphroditi perfect!.
Tubus gracilis. Limbus infundibuliformis semiquinquifidus, decemnervis, laciniis semilan-
ceolatis trinerviis nervis axilibus tenuioribus. Antherce semi-exsertm basibus muticis, appen-
dicibus apicis linearibus acutis. Ovaria glabra, subcylindracea. Stigmata intus canaliculata
apice subtruncata. P appus sessilis, filiformis, albus, radiis numerosis longitudinaliter den-
ticulatis.

Obs, Distincta species videtur, attamen non longe distat a C. palustri statura et inflorescentia
insigniter variabili.

40. Tussilago corymbosa, .corymbo femineo laxo paucifloro : corollulis ligularibus
nervosis ; mascuio congesto, foliis cordatis sinuatis inaequaliter dentatis subtus tomentosis.

Desc. Radix repens. Folia radicalia longius petiolata, cordata, nunc sagittato-cordata,
sinuata, sspius ad -^nunc ad | fere radii, lobis inaequaliter dentatis, dentibus mucronulo eglan-
duloso terminatis, adulta super glabra cum tomento aliquo in nervis venisque primariis, sub-
ter lana brevi alba implexa, diametro sesquiunciali usque 2h uncias gequanti. Scapi 4 — 8-un-
ciales, adult! tomento parco obsiti, bracteis (petiolis dilatatis) amplexicaulibus, saepius foliolo
nano dentato terminatis. Anthodia polygamo-dioica. Mas. Corymbus coarctatus pauciflorus :
anthodiis radiatis : ligulis femineis, lamina oblonga : Jlosculis hermaphrodito-masculis, in-

I

cclxxx APPENDI X.

fundibiillformibus, stigmatibus hispidis, incrassatis, exsertls. Fem. Corymbus simplex, 5 — 8-
florus : pedunculi involucro longiores, bracteis nonnullis linearibus acuminatis pilis articulatis
pubescentes. Involucrum (calyx comiminis) simplici serie polyphyllum, foliolis acutis, extus
pubescentibus, pilis articulatis brevibus. Corollula omnes ligulatm, feminem, prmter 2 — 3
centrales, hermaphrodito-masculas. Feminece. involucro longiores, Bgula 2 — 3-nervi indivisse,
stigmatibus patulis, stylis extra tubum bispidulis.

Obs. Proxima species T. frigidse, quae difFert prassertim thyrso femineo multifloro congesto
demum fastigiato, masculo laxiore, foliis minus alte sinuatis.

41. Antenxaeia alpixa, Fr. in Linn. soc. transact. 12, p. 123.

Gnaphalium alpinum. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1199. lapp. n. 301. Willden sp. pi. 3.
p. 1883. Pers. syn. 2. p. 421. Wahlenb. lapp. 202. Helv. p. 149. Carpal, in obs. ad.
p. 258. Pursh. am. 2. p. 525. Richardson in Franklin's journ. p. 747.

Obs. Planta ferainea tantuni in Melville Island lecta ; mascula a nobis nondum visa (nisi
hujus forsan varietas pusilla ab Oonalaska,) et nuUibi, quantum scio, observata !

CAMPANULACE^.

42. Campantjla uxieloua, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 231. flor. lapp. n. 85. t. 9. f. 5. 6.
Rottb. in act. hafn. 10. p. 432. t. 6. n. 19. Willden. sp. pi. 1. p. 890. Pe7's. syn. 1.
p. 188. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 63. Flor. Dan. 1512. Svensk bot. 526. Richardson in
FranklirCs journ. p. 733.

ERICIN.E.

43. Andromeda teteagona, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 563. lapp. n. 166. t. 1. f. 4.
Willden. sp. pi. 2. ja.607. Pers. syn. 1. p. 480. Flor. Dan. 1030. Pall. ross. 2. p. 56,
t. 73. f. 4. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 200. Br. spitzb. pi. in Scoresby's arct. reg. 1. append,
p. 75. Ross' voy. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 192. Richardson in Franklin’s journ. p. 737.

SCROPHULARINiE.

44. Pedicularis arctica, caule simplici lanato, foliis pinnatifidis lobis sub-ovatis
dentato-incisis : adultis glabris ; cavdinis petiolo dilatato, calycibus quinquifidis lanatis,
galea obtusa truncata bidentata, filamentis longioribus hirsutis.

Desc. Radix fasciculata, fibris crassis carnosis. Caulis sunplex, foliatus, 2-3-uncialis,
lana alba implexa tardius nec omnino decidua. Folia circumscriptione linearia, pinnatifida ;
lobis saepius approximatis, dentatis, primo lanata, adulta glabriuscula ; petioli omnium, radi-
calium prsecipue, lanati. Spica multiflora, densa, florida sesquiuncialis, fructifera 2-3-
uncialis : bractecc foliaceae, pinnatifidse. Calyx lanatus, lana, copiosa, alba, implexa, persis-

BOTANY.

cclxxxi

tenti, semlqulnquifidus, lacinlis Inaequalibus, semllanceolatis, integenimls, vel obsoletlssime
dentatis. Corolla purpurea, glaberrima : galea leviter falcata, obtusa, antice apice oblique
truncata et ad truncaturaj basin utrinque dente unico acuto brevi quandoque brevissimo.
Stamina inclusa : Filamenta duo longiora extra medium hirsuta, duo breviora longitudinaliter
glabra: Anther CB uniformes, imberbes, basi bifidae. Stigma subcapitatum, s^pius exsertum.
Capsula calyce persistent! duplo longior, ovata, acuminata, inaequilatera, margine inferiore
rectiusculo superiore modice arcuato, bdocularis, bivalvis, valvis medio septigeris, septi dimidio
inferior! placentifero. Semina oblonga, teretiuscula, altero latere margine perangusto aucta,
utraque extremitate areola nigricanti notata.

Obs. Species proxima P. sudetic^e Willden.3. p. pi. 3. p. 209. quae dilfert statura majore,
caule glabro, foliorum lobis linearibus inciso-pinnatifidis ; caulinis petiolo baud dilatato, corollas
labio inferiore manifeste dentato. P. sudetica Richardson in Franklin's jour. p. 742. a
sudetica vera vix diversa est nisi coroUee labio superiore breviore, denticulo longiore, caule sub-
unifolio nec species distincta videtur.

POLYGONE^.

45. Polygonum vivipaeum, Linn, sp.pl. ed. 2.p. 516. Jl. lapp. n. 152. Gmel. sib. 2.
p. 44. n. 34. t. 7.f. 2. Willden. sp.pl. 2.p. 441. Pers. syn. 1. p. 439. Smith brit. 1. p.
428. Engl. bot. 669. FI. Lond. new ser. 1. 1. 81. Wahlenb. lapp. 99. Flor. Dan. 13.
Svensk. bot. 336. Marsch. taur-caucas. 1. p. 301. Pursh. am. 1. p. 271. Giesecke
Greenl. in Edin. encyclop. Hooker in Scoresby's greenl. p. 410. Richardson in Franklin's
journ. p. 737.

Natter Wurtz, Marten's Spitzb. lib. 3. cap. 7. 1. 1, a.

OXYRIA.

OxYKiA, Hill. veg. syst. lO.jo. 24. (genus omnino artificiale, Hill 1. c.) DeCand.fl.
franc. 3. p. 379. (Rumicis subgenus). Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 192. (genus dis-
tinctum). Campdera rumex^ p. 153. Hooker Scot. p. 99.

Char. Gen. Perianthium tetrapbyllum (duplici serie.) Stamina 6. Styli 2. Stigmata
penicillata. Achenium lenticulare, membranaceum, utrinque alatum, perianthio infra cinc-
txun. Embryo centralis.

Obs. Genus propius accedens Rheo quam Rumici, ab utroque satis distinctum.

A Rheo differt numero binario perianthii et stylorum, stigmatibus peniciUatis, (quos in
Rheo capitata sublobata,) et textura achenii : convenit numero proportional! et situ staminum
(quae geminatim nempe foholis exterioribus et solitarie interioribus perianthii opposita) peri-
carpio semidenudato alato, et embryone central!.

Rumex ab Oxyria diversus est numero ternario omnium partium floris, situ staminum, quas
sex tantum et geminatim foliolis exterioribus perianthii opposita, fructu nucamentaceo aptero, fo-
liolis interioribus mutatis perianthii tecto, embryone lateral! : convenit fere stigmatum divisione.

Ovul) insertionem et Radiculse embryoms situm inter notas genericas baud introduxi :

cclxxxii

APPENDIX.

Semen enim erectum cum Embryone inverso uti character totlus ordinis, (incluso certe Calli-
gono contra assertionem Campderae 1. c.) eundem a Chenopodeis optime distinguens in frodr.
Jlor. nov. holl. p. 419. primus proposui. Inter ordines apetalos similem structuram seminis in
Urticeis et Piperaceis, aliis notis distinguendis, obtinet : dum Embryo inversus cum ovulo pen-
dulo characterem essentialem Chloranthearum {Br. in Bot. magaz. 2190. nov. 1820.)
eftbrmat.

46. OxYRiA RENiFORMis, Hookcr scot. j). 111. Scoresby’s greenl. p. 410. Oxyria
digyna, Campd. rumex, p. 155.

Rheum digynum. Wahlenb. lapp. 101. tab. fructus. Helv. p. 74. Carpal. 114.

llumex digynus, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 480. fl.. lapp. n. 132. obs. /3. Willden. sp. pi. 2.
p. 258. Pers. syn. \ .p. 395. Smith brit. l.p. 395. Eng. bot. 910. Flor. Dan. 14.

47. Sat.ix arctica, ovariis subsessilibus tomentosis, stigmati quadrifido stylum sub-
a*quantc, squaniis orbiculato-obovatis, foliis integerrimis ovalibus obovatisve : adultis super
glabris subter villosiusculis.

Salix arctica, Br. in Boss' voy. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 194. Richardson in Franklin's journ.
p. 752.

Salix n. 37. Hooker in Scoresby's greenl. p.^\‘^.'^ secundum specim. a D. Scoresby.

Salix, Greville in Mem. Wern. soc. Q.p. 432. fide specim. in herb, groenl. D. Jameson.

Desc. Frutex depressus ; radice lignea crassa longa. Rami decumbentes, floriferi omnes
et sterilium nonnulli adscendentes, adulti glabri. Folia sparsa, petiolata, elliptico-obovata,
V. obovata, integerrima, obtusa, quandoque retusa, noA'ella super glabra, subter vilJis longis
laxis decumbentibus, adulta utrinque glabra, venis subter paulo eminentibus venulis anastomo-
zantibus. Amenta utriusque sexus ramos breves villosos foliatos terminantes. Squama, orbi-
culato-obovata? saepe retusae, fusco-nigricantes, villosac. Masc. 8-10-lin. longa, densa. Sta-
mina 2-3, forsan saspius 3, filamentis distinctis. Squamula (Nect.) duae, interiore paulo ma-
jore, utraque apice incrassato. Fern. Squamula unica, interior. Ovarium brevissime pedi-
cellatum, pedicello diametrum transversum capsulas vix aequante, dense tomentosum, cinereum.
Stylus longitudine varians nunc stigmata aequans, nunc fere dimidio brevior.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

JUNCEiE.

48. JuNcus BiGLUMis. Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 467. Montin in Aman. acad. 9,.p. 266.
t. 3. f. 3. Flor. Dan. 120. Zoeg. pi. island, in Olafs. reise 2. p. 235. Vahl in act. soc.
hist. nat. hafn. 2. par. 1. pi. 38. Willden. sp.pl. %p. 216. Pers. syn. 1. p. 385. Smith brit.
\ .p. 382 Engl. bot. 898. Bicheno in Linn. soc. transact. 12. y?. 320. Hooker scot.p. 106.

BOTANY.

clxxxiii

49. Luzula hypeuborea, spiels multifloi’is subumbellatis pedunculatis sessllibusque
(nunc omnibus sessilibus), bractea umbellas folia cea; partialibus omnibus bmbriatis, capsulis
obtusis perianthia acuta subaequantibus, caruncula basllari seminls obsoleta, foliis planis.

Luzula campestris, Br. spitzb.pl. in Scoresby's arct. reg. 1. append, p. 75.

Juncus arcuatus, Hooker in Scoresby'’s greenl. p. 410. secund exempl. a D. Scoresby.

Juncus campestris, Soland. in Bhippi voy. p. 201. fide exempl. in Herb. Banks.

Obs. Vlx dlstincta species, et potius ad L. campestreni mire variantem, quam ad L.
arcuatam referenda ; preesertim ob bracteam umbellae saepisslme, non vero semper, follaceain,
et folia plana. L. arcuatae /3. {Wahlenb.lapp. p. 88. cujus fig. in Flor. Dan. 1386. sed
exel. syn. Villars,) tamen accedlt, inflorescentla, spicis multiflorls, longius pedunculatis, quan-
doque etiam arcuato-recurvis, bractea umbellae nunc, rarisslme quamvls, squamacea, par-
tialibus omnibus fimbriatis, et caruncula seminls obsoleta. Hoec autem forsan distlncta a L.
arcuata «. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 87. t. 4. Hooker fior. lond. 7i. ser. 1. 151. cui .spicae longius
pedunculatae pauclflorac, et semina ni fallor absque caruncula.

In Luzulis omnibus, quas examlni subjeci, excepta L. pilosa, observavi funlculum um-
bilicalem e fills spirallbus (decompositlone partial! funicidi denudatis ?) compositum.

CYPEBACEyE.

50. Carex misandra, spicis (4 — 6) pedunculatis ovallbus pendulis : termlnali basi mas-
cula; reliquls femineis, fructlbus lanceolatis acuminatis bidentatis margine denticulatis squama
ovali longloribus, stigmatibus 2-3.

Desc. (exemplarlum quatuor incompletorum cum spiels fructlferis et portione culmi, in her-
bario D. Ross.) Folium supi'emum breve, lineare, marglnlbus longltudinaliter denticulatis.
Spicez V. umbellatae, v. alternae, fructlferae ovales v. oblongee pendulce, pedunculis viridibus,
laxls, angulatls, spica longloribus. Bractea umbellae communis vaginans, basi atro-fusca, supra
viridis in folium breve subulato-lineare, planum, marglnlbus denticulato-asperis producta,
includens nonnullas partiales, quarum ima communl subsimilis, foliolo breviore termlnata, nunc
exserta. Squama; ovales, obtusiusculee, laeves, glabrae, nigro-fuscee apice limbo angusto albo.
Fructus circumscrlptione lanceolatus, acumlnatus, basi attenuata, fusco-ater, ore ipso albicanti
emarginato, marglnlbus acuminis et dlmldii superiorls denticulatis, caeterum la;vis. Ache-
nium intra cupulam breve pedicellatum, obovatum, ventre piano, dorso dum stigmata duo
-modice convexo dum tria angulato.

Obs. Nlmis affinis C. fuliginosa; Ster7ib. et Hoppe in act. soc. bot. Ratisb. 1. p. 159. t. 3.
vix dlstincta species.

51. Carex concolor, spiels sexu dlstinctls: mascula unlca ; femineis 2-3 erectis sub-
sessilibus, squamls omnibus obtusis axl subconcolori, bracteis basi auriculatis, capsulis Isevibus
ovalibus mucronulo brevissimo integerrimo, stigmatibus 2, culmls laevibus.

clxxxiv

APPENDIX.

Obs. C. caespitosse proxima et vix difFert nisi statura mindri (3-4 unciali) squamis' (nigro-
spadiceis) axi saapius marginibus semper concoloribus, foliis utrinque viridibus et culmis
laevibus. An revera distincta species ?

52. EuioPHoauM capitatuji, Host gram, aiistr. 1. p. 30. t. 38. Schrad. germ. 1.
p. 151. Wahlenh. lapp. p. 18. Smith comp. ed. 2. p, 11, Engl. hot. 2387. Hooker
scot. p. 20.

53. Eriophorum angustifoliu.m, Willden. sp. pi 1. p. 313. Smith Irit. 1. p. 59.
Engl. hot. 564. Schrad. germ. 1. p. 153. Hooker scot. p. 21.

Erlophorum polystachion, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 18.

Obs. Plantse nostrse, quasi mediae inter E. angustifolium et polystacbyon forsan ab
utroque distinctae, duae varietates adsunt.

a. pedunculis laevibus.

i3. pedunculis scabris, denticulis crebris minutis.

Haec ab E. gracile, Roth catalect. 2. add. et Wahlenb. lapp. p. 19. fid. exempl. ab ipsis
auctoribus in Herb. Banks., certe diversa, statura humiliori, foliis latioribus, squamis enerviis
omnino nigricantibus acutioribus, et acbeniis oblongo-obovatis.

GRAMINE^.

54. Alopecurus alpinus, spica ovata, arista perianthii glumam sericeam lateribus villo-
sissimis subaequante, vagina suprema ventricosa folio suo piano lanceolato triplo longiore.

Alopecurus alpinus, Smith brit. 3. p. 1386. Engl. hot. 1126 .Hooker scot. p. 22. Roem.
et Schul. syst. 2. p. 272. Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 191. Hooker in Scoresby's greenl.
410. Richardson in FranklirHs journ. p. 731.

Alopecurus ovatus, Knapp gram. brit. 15. Elornem. in Flor. Dan. 1565.

Alopecurus antarcticus, Giesecke greenl. in Brewster's edin. encyclop.

Obs. Species (quam primus in Scotiae monte Loch ny Gaar anno 1794 legi) vaiiat culmo,
qui s^pius adscendens, erecto, spica oblongo-cylindracea, arista nunc gluma duplo longiore,
rarius nulla.

A. antarcticus, V ahl symb. 2. p. 18. Willde7i. sp. pi. \.p. 357. ab A. alpino dilfert spica
s^pius cylindracea, arista glumam bis superante,' folio supremo lineari apice attenuato vagi-
nain suam superante v. aequante.

A. pratensis L. distinguitur spica cylindracea, glumis acutis latere tantum villosiusculis, arista
glumis duplo longiore, vagina suprema laxiuscule cylindracea folium suura lineare multoties
superante.

BOTANY.

clxxxv

PHIPPSTA.

Phippsia (svibgenus Vilfae) Trinius inSpreng. neue entdeck. %p. 37.

Char. Gen. Gluma imiflora, abbreviata, inasquivalvis. Perianthium mviticum, obtiisum,
imberbe ; valvula superiore nervls sursum divergentibus. Lodiculcc 2. Siam. 1-3. Stig-
mata % sessilia. Caryopsis libera, teres, exsulca.

Gramen pusillum, aquaticum v. in inundatis nascens. Culmi basi divisi. Folia plana ;
vagina integra, ipso apice tantum fisso. Panicula coarctata, ramis semiverticillatis. Glumze
enerv es^ inferior e minori. Stamina 1-3. persistentia.

Obs. E graminibus unifloris proxime accedit Vilfae et Colpodio, affinitatem habet etiam
quandam cum Scbmidtia Trattin, (Coleanthus Roem. et Sch. syst. 9,. p. 11.) cui certe gluma
nulla, et perianthium bivalve, probante valvula superlore dlnervi.

Inter genera locustis bifloris Phippsia affinis est Catabrosae, conveniens glumis abbreviatis,
perlanthlis obtusis concavis et foliorum vaginis apice tantum fisso : dilFert locustis unifloris,
caryopside tereti, nec lateraliter compressa.

55. PHIPPSIA ALGIDA.

Agrostis algida, Soland. in Phipps' voy. p. 200. cum descriptione accurata. Wahlenb.
lapp. p. 25. t. 1. ubi perianthium pro gluma, omnino praetervisa, depictum, et lodicula, per-
peram indivisa et aucta, pro perlanthio univalvi. Flor. Dan. 1505. structuram eandem ex-
hibens ac in Wahlenb. 1. c. Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. v. 9. p. 191. (Gramen sui generis.)

Trichodium algidum, Svensk bot. 545. f. 2. ab in. Wahlenb. mutuata. Roem. et Sch.
syst. 2. p. 283,

Desc. Gramen biunciale, glaberrimum, caespitosum. Culmi ipsa basi divisi ibique va-
ginis scariosis tecti. Folia lineaila, obtusiuscula, laevia ; ligula brevis, obtusissmia, Indlvisa :
vagina laxiuscula, integra, ipso apice tantum fisso. Panicula coarctata, ramis semiverticillatis,
paucifloris, laevibus. Locustce uniflorae. Gluma nana, bivalvis, inaequalis, valvulee mutlcae,
obtusiusculae, concavae, baud carinatae, integrae, membranaceae ; inferior minor, enervis ; supe-
rior plus duplo major, ipso perianthio triple circiter brevior, obsolete uninervis ; ambae saepis-
sime post lapsum perianthii cum rachide persistentes, inferiore quandoque decidua. Perian-
thium intra glumam brevissime pedicellatum : valvula inferior concava, ovato-lanceolata, tri-
nervis, nervorum dimidio mferiore hispidulo ; superior ejusdem fere longltudlnis et latitudinis
sed diversae figurae, obtusa, 3-4-dentata, dinervis, nervls hispidulis a basi sursum paulo diver-
gentibus, ipsa basi sub-approximatis. Lodiculcc 2, subovatae, membranaceae, indivisae, glabrae.
Stamina 1-3. Stigmata 2, sessilia, longa, hyalina, ramulis simplicibus. Caryopsis ovali-
oblonga, teres, exsulca, stigmatibus emarcidis diu coronata. Embryo caryopside quadi’uplo
brevior.

2 n 2

clxxxvi

.APPENDIX.

Obs. Hoec e speciminibus a Melville Islj^nd ; species autem variat perianthli nervls leevibus,
staminibus 2, et quancloque unico, nervo alter! valvulse superiorls perianthii opposite.

In Terra Tschutski a Dav. Nelson, in tertio it. Cook lecta fuit varietas (?) insignis, duplo
major, culmls ramosis foliis laxioribus aliisque notis diversa : vix species distincta.

COLPODIUM.

Colpodium. Trin. agrost. p. 119- /. 7. Subgenus Vilfm Trin. in Spreng. neue entdeck.
^.p. 37.

Char. Gen. Gluma uniflora, subaequlvalvis, mutlca. Perianthium gluma longlus, submuti-
cum, obtusum, apice scarloso ; valvulis subeequalibus, integerrlmls, superiore exserta, dlnervi,
laterlbus parallelis. Lodicula 2. 8tyli 2. Stigmata plumosa. Caryopsis.

Gramen glabrum. Culmi erecti v. adscendentes. Folia plana, ligula indivisa imberbi
folio latiore, vagina longitudinaliter fissa. Panicula coarctaia, ramis semiverticillatis. Lo-
custse oblonga, glabriusculce cum v. absque rudimento, sepius setuliformi, flosculi
secundi.

Obs. Gramen bocce habitu fere pecullari, prime Intuitu Pom proplus accedit quam
Agrostidl s. Vilfae, relationem quodammodo etiam cum Dupontia et Deschampsia habere videtur.
Caryopside ignota autem genus baud stabilitum, et de ejusdem aflinitate cum Colpodii spe-
ciebus Trinii, preesertim C. Steveni et compresso, incertus sum.

56*. Colpodium laxifolium, panicula coarctata lanceolata, foliis planls lato-linearibus.

Agrostis jiaradoxa, Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 192.

Desc. Gramen robustum, spitbameum^ — pedale, glabrum. Culmus e basi decumbent! V.
radicantl adscendens, nunc erectus, teres, Irnvis, follatus, basi vaglnls scariosis tectus. Polia
plana, lineari-lanceata, acuta, stricta, utrinque marglnibusque retrorsum scabris : vagina sca-
briuscula?, ad basin usque fissrn, suprema folio proprio longioi-: ligula obtusa, imberbis, erosa,
denticulata, folio latior. Panicula coarctata, angusto-lanceolata, fusco-purpurea, perianthi-
orum apicibus albis, sesquluncialls — bluncialis, ramis brevibus, semiverticillatis, appressis,
inferloribus demuiu modice paten tibus, pedunculis pedicellisque pauci-denticulatis, strictis,
apice vix dilatato cum locusta continue. Gluma uniflora, bivalvls, mutica, herbaceo-membra-
nacea, glabra, valvulis suboppositis, concavls vix carinatis, obtusiusculis v. acutis, integris
semitrinerviis, inferiore paulo breviore, nervis lateralibus brevissimis, superiore acutiore, nervls
lateralibus magis manlfestis sed longe infra apicem evanescentlbus. Perianthium intra
glumam, qua baud duplo longlus, brevisslme pedicellatum, cum pedicello crasso articulatum,
basi obliqua, berbaceo-membranaceum, texturafere glumm, muticum, per lentem pube brevis-
sima conspersum, intra glumam e majore parte viride, supra eandem fusco-purpureum, apice
scarioso alblcanti. V alvula concavae, textura omnino similes, longitudlne subasquales,
nervo central! manifesto saepius apicem muticum attingenti, nunc in setulam dorsalem brevis-

BOTANY.

clxxxvii

simam altitudinem valvulae subaequantem desinente, lateralibus utrinque duobus obsoletis, infra
apicem prorsus evanescentibus ; superior obtusior, integerrima, dorso angusto planiusculo vel
levlter convexo, linear!, dinervi, nervis parallelis, tenuibus, nudis, lateribus dorso aliquoties
latioribus, parallelis, marginibus nudis. Lodiculcn duae, subcoUaterales, membranacese, se-
mibifidae, dentibus acutis, imberbes, longitudine ovarii. Stamina 3, filamentis capilla-
ribus, antheris fusco-stramineis, utrinque bifidis. Ovarium ovatum, acutum, glabrum, ex-
sulcum. Styli brevissimi, approximati, vix manifesti. Stigmata hyalina, dense plumosa,
apicibus acutis.

Obs. In exemplaribus plerisque nullum certe rudimentum flosculi secundi, quod tamen in
nonnullis a Melville Island atque in exemplar! a Possession Bay adest, setuliforme, hispidulum ;
et in specimine unico a Melville Island locustas nonnullas bifloras flosculo secundo pedicellato
perfecto observavi.

57. POA ANGUSTATA, panicula simplici coarctata lineari-laneenlata, locustis 4-5-floris,
gluma inferiore dimidio minore, perianthiis apice erosis ; valvula inferiore basi elanata lateri-
bus glabriusculis, foliis angusto-linearibus.

Desc. Gramen 4-6-unciale, glabr-um, erectum ; radice fibrosa. Culmi foliati, basi quan-
doque divisi, laeves. Folia angusto-linearia, plana, acuta, glabra, lasvia ; vaginae subcylin-
draceae, laeves, suprema folio proprio longior, omnes ipsa basi integra ; ligula subquadrata tarn
lata quam longa, apice dentato dente medio paulo longiore. Panicula erecta, angustata, cir-
cumscriptione lineari-lanceolata, ramis paucifloris, pedicellis denticulatis, strictis, viridibus,
apice paulo dilatato, cum locusta baud omnino continuo. Locustcc oblongae, coloratae, saepius
quadriflorae. Gluma, hyalinae, glaberrimae, uninerviae, cum pedicellis persistentes, valvula
inferiore fere dimidio minore ; superiore duplo latiore et fere duplo longiore, obtusiore, peri-
anthio dimidio circiter breviore, nervis lateralibus obsoletis. Perianthia separatim decidentia,
rachi locustae glabra ; valvula inferior oblonga, concava, acutiuscula, apice scarioso eroso-
denticulato, quinquinervis, lateribus infra medium pube rara in nervis extimis crebriore in-
structis, ipsa basi absque lana implexa ; superior paulo brevior, dinervis, nervis viridibus, den-
ticulatis, lateribus complicatis. Lodicula 2, hyalinae, imberbes, semibifidae. Stamina 3.

58. PoA AnniiEVTATA, panicnlfi. simplinissimfi. rnarptafa. snbnvafa, Ineiistis 4-,'i-floris,
glumae valviilis subaequalibus acutissimis perianthia basi lanata lateribus pubescentia aequanti-
bus, foliis involuto-setaceis.

Desc. Gramen 3-4-unciale. Culmi foliati, basi saepe divisi, la;ves. Folia involuta,
subsetacea, retrorsum scabra, vagina fere ad basin usque fissae, cylindracese. Panicula vix
semuncialis, ramis alternis, subbifloris, strictis, laevibus, vix denticulatis. Locusta oblongae,
coloratae. Gluma acutissimae, valvulis longitudine subaequalibus, carinatis, glaberrimis, infe-
riore manifeste angustiore, paululum breviore, uninervi ; superiore basi trinervi. Perianthia
glumas paulo superantia ; valvula inferior ipsa basi lana implexa parca instructa, carina a basi
ad duas tertias partes longitudinis sericea, linea pariter sericea utrique margini approximata.

clxxxviii

APPENDIX.

a basi ad eandem fere altitudinem attingenti, intersticiis pubescentibus subsericeis ; superior
diuervis, nervis pectlnatim denticulatis, lateribus induplicatis latiusculis. Lodiculcs
Stamina 3, antheris stramineis. Ovarium imberbe. Stigmata 2, subsessilia, plumosa,
hyalina.

59. PoA AECTiCA, panicula effusa : ramis paucifloris capillaribus laevibus locustisque colo-
ratis ovatis 3-4-floris, glumis subaequalibus, periantbii valvula inferiore basi lanata carina
lineaque submarginali sericeis : intersticiis pubescentibus, foliis linearibus : ligula subquadi’ata
erosa.

Poa laxa, Br. in Ross"' voy. ed. 2. v. 2. 192.. Hooker in Score$by''s greenl. pj. 410, non

Willdenovii.

Desc. Gramen 5-8-pollicare. Gulmi erecti v. adscendentes, basi quandoque divisi, gra-
ciles, Iseves, foliati. Folia radicalia angusto-linearla, canaliculata, culmo aliquoties breviora ;
culmea paulo latiora, plana,, mavginibus laevibus, denticulis obsoletissimis ; vaginae strictee,
striatos, laeves, iio.sa basi Integra ; hgnla subquadi’ata, nunc paulo longior quam lata, apice
eroso-inciso. Panicida ssepius effusa, nunc rara, nunc minus effusa, rarissime sub-
coarctata, radii ramisque fuscis, ramis 3-4, semiverticillatis, 1-2-floris, capillaribus,
laevibus. Locustce ovatae v. oblongo-ovatae, fusco-purpureae, apicibus valvularum strami-
neo-fuscis ipsoque margine albo, 3-4-florEe, cum ruclimento minuto scarioso longius pediceUato
quarti v. quinti ; racbi articulatim solubili, per lentem scabriuscula. Glumce subaequivalves, ca-
rinatse, acutse, fusco-purpurem, glaberrimae, carina extra medium obsoletissime denticulata ;
inferiore angustiore, nervis lateralibus obsoletioribus, altero obsoletissimo ; superiors vix Ion-
giore, nervis lateralibus manifestiorilius. Perianthii valvula inferior oblonga, subcarinata,
ipsa basi v. potius ex apice articuli racheos lana longa contortuplicata flosculos subnectenti,
carina a basi ad duas tertias partes longitudinis sericea, viUis brevibus, supra obsoletissime
denticulata, lateralibus a basi ad eandem circiter altitudinem ac portio sericea carinse pubescen-
tibus, linea intramarginali sericea : valvula superior inferiore paulo brevior, dinervis, nervis
viridibus, pectinato-ciliatis pilis brevibus, lateribus induplicatis axin fere attingentibus.
Lodiculce 2, cuneiformes, semibifidse dentibus acutis, hyalin®, imberbes, ovario breviores.
Stamina 3, antlieris stramineis. Ovarium oblongum, imberbe. Styli 2, brevissimi, Stig~
ma.ta byalin.a, la,xe plurnnsa vamis dpiitioT-ilntis;.

Obs. Exemplaria nonnulla statura majore, locustis acutioribus, glumis acuminatis perianthia
inferiora sub®quantibus, foliis latioribus.

Poa laxa Willden. sp. yl. 1. p. 386., quam ex eodem monte Silesi® ubi a b. Haenke detecta
fuit babeo a D. Trevirano communicatam, differ! statui’a minore, panicula coarctata, radii
ramisque panicul® et glumis infra medium viridibus, periantliiis acutioribus lana baseos
parclore ; locust® radii l®vi.

Poa flexuosa Host gram, austr. 4. p. 15 .t. 26. qu® similis videtur P. arctic® panicula effusa
et locust® colore figura et pubescentia, differ! panicul® radii ramisque viridibus magis divisis
scabris, glumarum carinis longitudinaliter denticulatis.

BOTANY.

clxxxix

60. Festuca beevifolia, racemo subsimplici erecto, flosculis teretlbus supra scabrlusculis
arista duplo longiorlbus, foliis setaceis vagiaisque Isevibus : culmeo supremo multoties breviore
vagina sua laxiuscula.

Obs. Facies et statura fere F. ovinse inter quam et F. Halleri media; priori forsan nimis
affinis.

61. Festuca vivipaea.

Obs. NuUam observationem habeo de exemplari unico Festuca cujusdam viviparse olim
viso in herbario D. Sabine, ulterius examinando.

PLEUROPOGON.

Chae. Gen. Locustcs multiflorse, cylindraceas. Gluma abbreviata, insequivalvis, mutica.
Perianthii valvula inferior mutica, obtusa, concava, nervosa, apice scarioso : su-perior
nervo utroque lateraliter biseto ! Lodiculce distinct®. Styli 2. Stigmata plumosa. Caryopsis
libera, laterlbns compressis.

Gramen elegans. Foba plana, angusta, vagina integra, ipso apice tantum- fisso. Ra-
cemus simplex, locustis cernuis, purpureis, nitentibus. Gluma valvula inferior e acuta,
superiore latiore obtusa. Perianthia distincta, valvula inferiore 5-1-nervi, superiore
lanceolata emarginata, pari superiore setarum brevissimo.

Obs. Genus Glycerise proximum, quacum locustis teretibus, perianthiis obtusissimis et
vaginis foliorum integris convenit ; differt prsesertim setis lateralibus nervorum valvulfe supe-
rioris perianthii, lodiculis distinctis, stigmatibus baud decompositis, caryopside lateraliter
compressa et inflorescentia.

Character fere essentialis in nervis valvulse superioris perianthii latere setigeris ; analoga
structura enim vix, quantum scio, in ullo alio gramine obtinet nisi in Uniola latifolia Mick, am.,
ubi equidem nuUis ahis differentiis comitata pro charactere specifico tantum habenda.

62. PLEUROPOGON SABINII— Tab. D.

Desc. Gramen 3-unciale usque spithameum, glabrum. Culmi erecti, foliati, striati, laeves,
simplices. Folia radicalia angustiora, longiora ; cuhnea linearia, plana, brevia, laevia : va-
ginae paulo compress®, striat®, glabr®, l®ves, fere ad apicem integr®, ipso apice fisso, mar-
ginibus scariosis, suprema folio proprio longior : ligula brevissima, rotundata, emarginata.
Spica racemosa, simplicissima, radii striato-angulata, l®vi, viridi, pedunculis lateralibus giu-
mam vix superantibus, recurvis, l®vibus, indivisis, altevnis, distantibus. LocustcB subcylin-
drace®, cernu® v. pendul®, semunciales, purpure®, nitid®, per lentem tenuissime pubescentes.
Gluma bivalvis, nana, in®quahs, membranacea, purpurea, mutica; valvula inferiore ovata,

cxc

APPENDIX.

acuta ; superiore obovata, obtusissiraa, inferiore duplo latiore, paulo longiore, Pei'ianthia
aiterna, distincta. Valvula inferior obovato-oblonga, obtusissima, concava, quinquinervis,
extus pube brevissima appressa conspersa, apice marginibusque ab apice ad medium albls,
scariosis, nervis omnibus infra apicem desinentibus, medio in mucronulum brevissimum, mar-
ginem valvulae vix attingentem producto. Valvula superior longitudine fere inferioris, ma-
nifeste angustioi’, elliptico-lanceolata, apice profunde emarginato, lateribus induplicatis,
dinervis, nervis brevissime ciliatis, singulis bisetis, setis lateralibus, per paria oppositis, du(Z
inferiores infra medium valvulte ortce, subulato-filifoianes, strictae, modice patentes, den-
ticulatce, longitudine circiter dimidii totius valvulae ; du(z superiores paulo supra medium
valvulae ortum ducehtes, brevissimae, denticulatae, mucroniformes, altera quandoque obsoleta.
hodiculce 2, collaterales, approximates, brevissimae, truncatee, basi leviter cohserentes, sed
absque leesione separandee. Stamina 3, filamentis capillaribus, antheris linearibus utrinque
semibifidis. Ovarium ovatum, imberbe. Styli 2, glabri. Stigmata laxe plumosa, hyalina,
ramis denticulatis, superioribus vix brevioribus. Caryopsis libera, lateraliter compressa,
ventre angusto-linearr, leviter canaliculato, axi longitudinaliter saturatiore. Embryo cary-
opside triplo brevior.

Obs. Duplex varietas.

a. elatior, subspitbamea, antheris stramineis. Tab. D. f. 1 — 7.

(3. 3-4<-uncialis, antheris purpureis. Tab. D. f. 8 — 10.

The specific name is given in honour of Captain Edward Sabine, in whose herbarium, the
most extensive formed in the voyage, numerous specimens were found of both varieties
of this remarkable grass.

EXPLICATIO Tabul.e D.

Pleuropogon Sabinii. 1. Varietatis a. planta magnitudine natural!. 2. ejusd. locusta
cum pedunculo et portione racheos magis aucta. 3. perianthium clausum articulo racheos
insidens, auctius. 4. id. expansum, pariter auctum. 5. valvula superior perianth!! facie visa
ad id. augment. 6. pollen. 7. flcsculus perianthio orbatus exhibens stamina pistillum et
lodiculas auct. uti 4 et 5. 8. Var. /3. planta mag. natur. 9- ejusd. locusta cum pedunculo

ad augm. id. ac 2. 10. perianthium expansum genitalia et lodicularum alter exhibens ad

augm. n. 4.

DUPONTIA.

Chae. Gen. Gluma subeequivalvis, scariosa, concava, mutica, locustam 2-3-floram sub-
aequans. Pei'ianthia mutica, scariosa, (basi barbata,) altero pedicellato ; valvulis integris,
inferiore concava. Lodicula 2. Ovarium imberbe. Stigmata subsessilia. Caryopsis

Gramen glabrum, erectum. Folia linearia, plana, vaginis semifissis, basi integra.
Panicula simplex, coarctata, fusco et purpurascenti varia, pedicelhs cum locustis continuis,
perianthiis separatim solubilibus.

BOTANY. •

CXCl

Obs. Ad Deschampsiam proxime accedit hocce genus ; dlstlnguitur perianthiis muticis, val-
vulis integris nec dentatis. Cum Catabrosa, facie diversissima, convenit pluribus notis,
diffei’t glumis locustam subsequantibus, perianthiis basi breve barbatis. A Poa diversum
locustis baud compressis, glumis perianthiisque concavis nec carinatis. Ad confirmandum
genus caryopsis desideratur.

This genus is named in honour of Monsieur Dupont, of Paris, author of a valuable essay
on the Sheath of the leaves of Grasses, and of observations on tlie genus Atriplex.

63. Dupontia Fisheki.

Desc. Gramen 6-1 0-unciale, erectum. Cuhni simplices, foliati, laeves, glaberrimi. Folia
radicalia et inferiora culmi canaliculata, angusto-linearia, acuta, laevia, 2-3-uncialia, vaginis
strictis, scariosis, vix ad medium fissis ; culmea 1-2-superiora breviora, plana, laevia, vaginis
propriis laxiusculis foliaceis ultra medium fissis longiora : ligula mediocris, obtusa, subtrun-
cata, imberbis. Panicula coarctata, spiciformis, basi quandoque interrupta, purpureo-fusca,
nitens, sesquiunciali-s — biuncialis, ramis subgeminatis, paucifloris, pedicellisque laevibus cum
locusta continuis. LocustcB ovatse, biflorae, cum rudimento clavato setuliformi tertii flosculi,
nunc triflorse flore tertio complete, nunc biflorae absque tertii rudimento. Gluma bivalvls,
subaequalis, mutica, glaberrima, purpurascens, subnltens, margine pallido scaiioso, longitudine
locustae. Valvulce concavm nec carlnatse, oblongo-lanceolatee, inferior paulo angustlor, acu-
minata V. acutissima, unlnervis ; swperior semi-trinervis, medio paulo infra apicem lateralibus
longe intra marginem evanescentibus. Perianthia subconformia ; inferius intra glumam sub-
sessile, a pedicello brevissimo separabile ; superius cum apice paulo dilatato pedicelli brevis
articulatum, facile solubile ; utriusque valvula inferior ovata mutica obtusa, vix unquam acuta,
integTa, concava, ipsa basi pills brevibus strictis albis barbata, et a basi fere ad medium pilis
brevioribus strictis subadpressis svd)sericea, trinervis, nervis lateralibus intra marginem eva-
nescentibus, medio paulo infra apicem desinente : superior longitudine inferioris, manifeste
angustior, lineari-oblonga, glaberrima, dlnervis, nervis brevibus, intersticio linear! concavi-
usculo. LodiculcB duse, distlnctse, collaterales, membranaceee, hyalinse, subovata^, v. cuneatse,
apice eroso-dentato, ovario longiores. Stamina 3, filamentis dlstinctis, capillaribus, antheris
fusco-purpureis, linearibus utrinque bifidis. Ovarium ovale, glabrum. Stigmata 2, subses-
sllia, hyalina, dense plumosa, ramis apicem versus brevioribus.

Obs. The .specific name is that of Mr. Fisher, whose herbarium contained the most com-
plete series of specimens of this grass,

64. Deschampsia brevifolia, panicula coarctata lanceolata : pedicellis laevlbus, locustis
2-3-floris, arista stricta valvulam subeequante, foliis involutis : caulinls abbreviatis.

Desc. Gramen 3-5-unciale, glabrum. Culmi simplices, erecti, foliati. Folia Inferiora
involuto-subulata, stricta, uncialia — sesquiuncialia ; vaginis strictis, folio brevioribus, ipsa basi
Integra: ligula oblonga, lacinulata; supremum brevisslmum, vagina elongata, laxluscula,
ligula breviore. Panicula coarctata, lanceolata v. oblonga, fusco-purpurascens, scariosa,
ramis semiverticillatis. Locusts, biflorae, raro trifloree, semper cum rudimento, pediceUiformi

CXCll

APPENDIX.

flosculi alterius. Glumci svibJfiquivalvis, mutica, acuta, -valvulis lanceolatls, concavis, acutis-
simis, scariosis, disco purpurascenti, limbo pallido, uniner\dis, locusta paulo brevioribus. Pe~
rianthia subunifoi*mia, scarioso-membranacea, separatim solubilia, inferius sessile ; valvula in-
ferior ipsa basi barbata, pilis brevibus, strictis, albis, caeterum glabra, concava, subquin-
quinervis, nervis omnibus laevibus, lateralibus obsoletis, apice eroso-multidentato, dorso saepius
infra medium aristata, arista setacea, recta, denticulata, valvulam ipsam vix vel paulo supe-
ranti: ■SMpm'or longitudme inferioris, angnstior, dinervis, apice bidentato, quandoque semi-
bifido. Lodiculce 2, collaterales, hyalinae, imberbes, acutse, ovario longiores. Stamina 3,
antheris purpureis, utvinque bifidis. Ovarium glabrum. Stigmata 2, sessilia, hyalina,
dense et breve plumosa. Flosculus superior pedicello barbato quocum articulatus insidens,
paulo minor, arista valvulae inferioris medio vel supra medium dorsi inserta. Rudimcntum
flosculi tertii setula est extus longitudinaliter barbata, clavida scariosa minutissima terminata.

/3. Perianthia mutica.

Hujus quatuor exemplaria tantiun visa a varietati a. facie paulo diversa folio supremo
longiori.

TRISETUM.

Triseti species Palis, agrost. p. 88. charactere reformato.

Char. Gen. Locusta S-S-floree, ancipites. Gluma carinata, membranacea, subsequival-
vis. Perianthii valvula inferior carinata apice bidentata v. biseta, dorso (supra medium)
aristata. Caryopsis libera, exsvdca, lateraliter compressa.

Gramina caspitosa ; vaginis longitudincditer fissis. Panicula sape coarctata, aristis
arcuato-patulis.

Obs. A Deschampsia differt locustis ancipitibus, glumis carinatis, perianthii valvula infe-
riore carinata apice attenuate bidentato v. biseto, caryopside lateraliter compressa. Ab
Avenis plerisque glumis perianthiisque carinatis ; ab omnibus caryopside exsulca et lateribus
compressis.

65. Trisetum subspicatum, Palis, agrostr. p. 88. Trisetum airoides, Roem. et Sch.
syst. 2. p. 666. exclus. syn. Wulfen et Host. Richardson in Frankliris journ. p. 731.

Aira spicata, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 95. fl. lapp. n. 47. Flor. Dan. t. 228. mala. Gunn,
norv. n. 422. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 33.

Aira subspicata, Linn. syst. nat. ed. 12. v. 2. p. 91. Willden sp. pi. 1. p.377. Pers.
syn. 1. p. 77. Zag. pi. island, in Olafs. reise 2. p. 234. Giesecke greenl. in Brew-
sters Edin. encyclop.

HIEROCHLOE.

Hierocbloe Gmel. sib. 1. p. 100. Br. prodr. flor. ncv, holl, p, 208. Trin, agrost, p, 130.

Hierochloa et Toresia, Palis agrost, p.Q% et 63.

BOTANY.

cxciii

Chae. Gen. Gluma subaequivalvis, locustam trifloram aequans. Perianthia bivalvia,
latei'alia mascula, triandra ; terminate bermaphroditum, diandrum.

Obs. Relationem veram Anthoxanthi ad Hierochloem, in prodr. flor. nov. hoU. p. 209, pri-
mum indicatam, optime confirmat planta Javanica intermedia structure a D. Horsfield detecta;
in hac enim perianthium lateralium inferius masculum bivalve, su'perius univalve, neutrum :
terminate bermaphroditum. Hujus novi generis (Ataxia) habitus potius est Anthoxanthi,
quocum etiam gluma inoequivalvi quadrat.

Cum Hierochloe characteribus nonnullls convenit Arthrochloa (Holcus Pa/zV. Trinii,
et Wahtenb. non Linneei gen. et sp. pt. ed. prima, nec Schreberi nec G&rtneri ;) qum tamen
facile distinguitur ab hoc genere uti et ab Aira et Arhenathero, gluma cum apice pedicelli
ai’ticulata et una cum locusta decidua.

66. Hierochloe alpina, Poem, et Sch. syst. 2. p)- Ross' voy. ed. 2.

vot. 2. p. 194. Richardson in FranktirCs journ. p. 731.

Holcus alpinus, Swartz in Schrad. neue journ. 2. si. 2. p. 45. t. 3. Wahtenb. lapp.
p. 31. t. 2. Svensk bot. 438. Ftor. Dan. 1508. Giesecke greenl. in Brewster's Edin.
encyctop.

67. Hierochloe pauciflora, racemo simplici, flosculo masculo superiore brevissime se-
tigero, foliis culmi brevissimis ; radicalibus involutis.

Desc. Gramen 3-5-unciale. Radix repens. Cutmi erecti, infra foliati supra nudi,
striati. Fotia radicatia subulata, marginibus involutis, culmo aliquoties breviora; cutmea,
abbreviata, late subulata, marginibus inflexis, vaglnis suis laxiusculis multotles breviora. Ra^
cemus erectus, simplex vel subsimplex, pauciflorus, pedlcellis Imvibus. Locustw ovatse, acutse,
trlflorm. GtumcB bivalves, scariosso, ovatie, concavm, acutiusculae, glaberrlmae, locustam sub-
mquantes, yalvula inferiore manifeste minore. Ftoscuti tolerates masculi, triandri, bivalves,
chartacei, vatvuta inferior ovata, concava, marginibus infra medium nudlusculis supra omnino
nudis, flosculi superioris mox sub apice emarginato setigera, seta brevissima stricta valvulam
vix superante ; flosculi inferioris mutica v. per-obsolete setigera ; utriusque valvula superior
angustior, linearis, dinervis, semibifida. Floscutus terminatis hermaphroditus, diander, mu-
ticus : vatvuta inferior concava, quinqulnervis, extra medium dorso lateribusque pilosius-
culis, chartacea, fusca, apice scarioso ; superior linearis, hyalina, glabra, acuta, indivisa, uni-
nervis. Lodicutce 2, collaterales, lanceolatse, acuminatse, hyalina^, ovario longiores. Ovarium
glabrum. Styti 2. Stigmata alba, dense plumosa.

2 0 2

CXCIV

APPENDIX.

AGOTYLEDONES.

MUSCI.

68. PoLYTKiCHUJi PROPiNQUUM, caule siipplici elongate, foliis margine serrulatis clorso
laevibus.

Obs. Species, absque fructificatione baud determinanda, a Polytricho communi satis diversa
videtur.

69. PoLYTUiCHUji HYPERBOREUM, caule I'amoso, foliis piliferis marginibus induplicatis dis-
cum (totum lamelliferum) operientibus, eapsula tetragona apophysata.

Desc. Caules saspius ramosi ramis fastigiatis, nunc simpliciores innovatione una alterave
divisi. Folia e dilatata semivaginanti basi subulata, madore patula, siccitate appressa, disco
toto lamellifevo ; marginibus latis, induplicatis, integerrimis, luembranaceis a basi dilatata
usque ad apicem altero alterum equitante ; 'pilus apicis hyalinus folio aliquoties (2-3-plo)
brevior, per lentem deuticulatus, strictus. Masculi flores disciformes, in distincto individuo
saepe minore. Seta nitens caulibus procerioribus (biuncialibus) subsimplicibus brevior, fas-
tigiato-ramosos superans v. aequans. Capsula erecta v. inclinans tetragona, angulis in aciem
attenuatis ; apophysis angulata angustior. Operculum hemisphmricum cum mucronulo brevi.
Peristomium dentibus 64. Epiphragma demum separabile. Calyptra exterior e villis dense
implexis.

Obs. Duplex varietas.

a. caulibus fastigiato-ramosis setam vix aequantibus.
caulibus innovando subramosis seta longioribus.

Hasc P. pilifero proxima ab eodem differt caulibus elongatis innovando ramosls, pilis folio
aliquoties brevioribus.

70. PoLYTRiCHUM BREviFOLiUM, caule ranioso, foliis serrulatis muticis madore erectis sic-
citate appressis, eapsula inclinata obovata exapophysata.

Desc. Muscus sesquiuncialis. divisi, ramis fastigiatis. Folia ebasi dilatata semi-

membranacea subulata, extra medium serrulata, acuta, mutica, disco toto lamellifero, dorso
Icevi. Seta lasvis, pallida. Capsula leevis, cernua, inaequUatera. Operculum conico-hemisphee-
ricum, rostro subulate recurve diametrum baseos vix aequante. Peristomii dentes 40, eequi-
distantes, intersticiis angustiores. Epiphragma crassiusculum. Calyptra exterior e villis
arete implexis.

Obs. Muscus, cujus tria tantum exemplaria a nobis visa in herbario D. Ross, nimis forsan
affinis P. alpino L.

BOTANY.

cxcv

71. PoLYTEicHUM SETTER TRioNALE, Sw. in act. holm. 1795. p. 270. Musc.suec, p. 107.
t. 9-/. 18. Menzies in Linn. soc. transact. 4. p. 82. t, 7./. 5.

Obs. In herbario D. Fisher absque fructificatione visum, ideoque dubium.

. 72. PoLYTKicHUM L.EVIGATUM, Wahlcnb. lapp.p, 349. t. 22. Hooker muse. exot. t. 81.
Catharinea laevigata, Bridel mant. p. 202.

Catharinea glabrata, Hooker isl. 2, p. 340. et\. p. 24.

Ohs. Peristomii dentes saepius quanttim determinare potui 16, quandoque 32, lineares,
acutiusculi, hyalini, per lentem longitiidinaliter striati, striis sa;pius paulo flexuosis, in liemis-
ph^rium conniventeS"; dum 16 approximati intersticiis angustissimis, parum insequales, la-
tioribus nunc bidentatis ; dum 32 aequales, intersticiis manifestis. Epiphragma hyalinum, di-
ametro longitudinem dentis vix aequante. Membrana interior capsules exteriori approximata,
intus laevis absque processubus plicisve. Columella libera, angulata, longitudine fere capsulte.
Capsula per lentem modice augentem manifeste areolata.

73. Hypnum nitens, Hedw. sp. muse. p. 255. Smith brit. 3. p. 1316. Engl. bot. 1646.
Muse. brit. p. 100. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 381.

74. Hypnum cordifolium, Hedw. stirp. crypt. 4. p. 97. t. 37. Sp. muse. p. 254. Smith
brit. 3. p. 1318. Engl. bot. 1447. Muse. brit. p. 107.

75. Hypnum aduncum, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1592. Smith brit. 3. p. 1327. Hedw. stirp.
crypt. 4. p. 62, t. 24. Sp. muse. p. 295.

76. Leskia rufescens, Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. post. p. 178. t. 86.

Hypnum rufescens, Dicks, crypt, fasc. 3. p. 9. t. 8. f. 4. Smith brit. 3. p. 1316. Engl,
lot. 2296. Muse. brit. p. 99-

77. Mnium TURGiDUM, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 351. t. 23. Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. post,
p. 123. t. 77. Br. in Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 194. Richardson in Franklin's journ.
p. 756.

78. Timmia megapolixana, Hedw. stirp. crypt. 1. p. 83. t. 31. Sp. muse. p. 176.
Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. post. p. 84. Richardson in Franklin's journ. 756. Timmia cu-
cuLlata, Michaux am. 2. p. 304.

79. Bryum rostratum, Schrad. spicil. p. 72. Smith brit. 3. p. 1369. Engl. bot. 1745.
Muse. brit. p. 126. t. 30. Mnium rostratum, Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. post. p. 136, t. 79.

Obs, Muscus hicce, necnon sex proxime prsecedentes absque fructificatione tantura visi.

CXCVl

APPENDIX.

SO. Bryum calophyllum, foliis ovatis obtusis concavis : marginibus simplicibus integer-
rimis, capsulis obovatis pendulis.

Desc. Ccespites densi. Caules innovationibus contlnuis divisi, 2-5-uniciales, vetusti to-
mento radicali copioso et foliis emarcidis tecti. Rami annotini fastigiati, basi tantum tomento
radicali parciore instructi, supra glabri. Folia uniformia, sparsa, approximata, ovata v. sub-
ovalia, modice concava, obtusa, mutica, marginibus simplicibus nec recurvis nec incrassatis,
areolis subrotundis, uniformibus, nervo valido, apicem folii attingenti absque mucronulo ex-
currenti, saspius purpurea, quandoque viridia, madore patenti-erecta, siccitate appressa et
paulo undulata. Seta t.erminalis, ramos annotinos superans, castanea, laevis, apice arcuato-
recurvo. Capsula obovata, basi acntiuscula, vix attenuata, losvis. Operculum concolor,
hemispheericum, papilla minuta. Peristomium duplex, exterius dentibus 16, rufescentibus
acuminepallidiore, tranversum striatis; album, e membrana lata leviter carinata, termi-

nata ciliis 16, imperforatis, cum dentibus exterioris alternantibus, intersticiis subdenticulatis.

Obs. Peristomii structura Pohlise accedit.

81. PoHLiA BRYOiDES, foliis ovato-lauceolatis acuminatis integerrimis margine recurvis,
capsulis pyriformi-oblongis, operculo conico, floribus masculis capitato-discoideis.

Desc. Ccespites densi. Caules innovatione continuo ramosi, infra tomento radicali castanec-
rufo reliquiisque foliorum tecti. Folia leete viridia, ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, nervo
valido, in acumen excurrenti, marginibus integerrimis augustissime recurvis, areolis parvis
oblongo-trapezoideis, Masculi Flores monoici, ramos annotinos terminantes, gemmaceo-
discoidei, foliis perigonialibus exterioribus erectis, intimis nanis. Antherce numerosm, cylin-
dracese, brevissime pedicellatas. Paraphyses filiformes, articulatae. Feminei Flores termi-
iiales ; vaginula capsulae maturm pistillis abortivis numerosis parapbysibusque fere ad apicem
truncatum stipata. Seta mediocris, Ifevis, fusca, apice arcuato. Capsula pendula, fusca, Isevis,
oblongo-pyriformis, basi attenuata in apopbysim obconicam ipsa theca breviorem. Operculum
bemisphserico-conicum, capsula quandoque paulo saturatius. Annulus latiusculus, striatus.
Peristomium duplex : exterius dentibus 16, acuminatis, integerrimis, transversim striatis,
fusco-rufescentibus, acumine pallido ; interioris inembrana vix carinata, ciliis 16 cum den-
tibus exterioris alternantibus, absque intermediis minoribus, cum exteriore diu cohserens sed
demum liberum.

82. PoHLiA ARCTIC A, foliis (viridibus) ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis : marginibus inte-
gerrimis recurvis, capsulis pyriformi-oblongis, operculo hemisphaerico, floribus herma-
phroditis.

Obs. Muscus per singula fere puncta praecedenti simillimus, praeter flores hermaphroditos
et operculum hemisphaericum : ambo forsan ad unam eandemque speciem polygamam per-
tinentes. Flores gemmacei, terminales, foliis perichaetialibus interioribus nanis. Antherce nu-
merosae, cum pistillis vix paucioribus intermistae, et cum horum abortientibus parapbysibusque
filiformibus vaginula capsulae maturae fere ad ejusdem apicem insidentes. Pei'istomium inte-

BOTANY.

CXCVll

rius stmctura prsecedentls pariterque cum exteriori diu cohjerens, demum vero liberum et
in omni statu separabile. Huic et prsecedenti valde alRnis videtur Ptychostomum compactum
Hornschuch, et Schwaegr. suppl. 2. sect. 1. p.56. #.115., cui peristomium interius cum
exteriore arctius coh^ret. Hujus generis ? alteram speciem arcticam babeo, Ptychostomum
pulchellum, capsula sphgerico-obovata, operculo hemispharico mutico, dentibus peristomii ex-
terioris apice liberis basi mediante membrana (peristomio interiore) cohaerentibus, foliis ovato-
lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis.

83. PoHLiA PUEPURASCENS, follis (purpui’ascentibus) ovato-lanceolatis acutissimis : mar-

ginibus integerrimis recurvis, capsulis pyriformi-oblongis, operculo hemisphoerico obtuso, flori-
bus hermaphroditis. ^

Obs. Praecedentis forsan varietas, vix distingueiida nisi notis supra dads.

Propter peristomii interni structuram lianc cum duabus prascedentibus ad Pohliam I'etuli,
facies tamen potius Bryi est, et omnes B. c^spiticio quam maxime affines.

84. Teichostomum lanugixosum, Hedw. stirp. crypt. 3. p. 3. t. 2. Sp. muse. p. 109-
Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. 1. p. 149. Smith brit. 3. p. 1240. Engl. bot. 1348. Turner
muse, hibern. p. 38. Muse. brit. p. 60. t. 19. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 134. Wahlenb.
lapp. p. 329. Richardson in Franklin's journ. p. 755.

Racomitrium lanuginosum, Brid. mant. p. 79.

Obs. Specimina pauca et absque fructificatione.

85. Dxdymodon capillaceum, Schrad. spicil. p. 64. Sw. in act. holm. 1795, p. 237.
Muse. suec. p. 28. Roth. germ. 3. p. 199. IVeb. et Mohr, tasch. p. 155. Schkuhr deut.
moos. p. 66. t. 29. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 314. Carpat. p. 336. Voit muse, herbip. p. 34.
Muse. brit. p. 67. t. 20. Brid. mant. pi. 100. Hooker, scot. par. 2. p. 136. Richardson
in Franklin’s journ. p. 755.

Swartzia capillacea, Hedw. stirp. crypt. 2. p. 72. t. 26.

Cynontodium capillaceum, Hedw. sp. muse. p. 57. Schumach. sodland. 2. p. 40.

Cynodontium capillaceum, Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. 1. p. 114.

Trichostomum capillaceum. Smith brit. 3. p. 1236. Engl bot. 1152. Turner muse,
hibern. p. 35.

Bryum capillaceum, Dicks, crypt, fasc. 1. p. 4. #. 1. /. 6.

Bryum tenuifolium, Villars dauph. 4. p. 868.

Bryum n. 1806. Hall. hist. 3. p. 44. t. 45. p. 1.

Obs. Duas varietates a Melville Island babeo, quarum

a. statura et foliis laxiusculis cum D. capillaceo europaso convenit, paululum differt cap-
sulis ovalibus nec oblongis.

/3. statura humiliore, foliis strictioribus et brevioribus; media quasi inter D. capilla^
ceum vulgare et D. subulatum Schkuhr deut. moos. p. 65. t. 28., quod ad eandem spe-
ciem pertinere videtur.

CXCVlll

APPENDIX.

Ill utraque varietate atque in D. capillaceo Richardson, 1. c. flores monoicos, masculis
geuimiformibus alaribus prope aplcem ejusdem rami cum femineo gemmiformi, necnon annulum
manifestum, in D. capillaceo, jamj am a Voitio 1. c. notatum, et dentes peristomii 16 bipartitos
cruribus transversim connexis observavi.

86. Baubula leucostoma, caule subsimplici, foliis ovato-lanceolatis mucronulatis in-
tegerrimis, capsula cylindracea erecta, operculo conico, peristomii dentibus obliquis apice
tortis.

Desc. Muscus ciespltosus, semunclalis. Cauleshveve?,, dense foliati, stepius Indivisi, quan-
doque parum ramosi. Folia mucrone brevisslmo, minute areolata, marginibus anguste revolutis,
nervo valido, slccitate adpressa et parum torta. Seta caule longlor, laevis, fusca. Capsula
lasvis, sequilatera. conicum, acutum, ^aulo inclinans, capsula dimidio brevius, te-

nuissime spiraliter striatum. P eristomiuni album, dentibus 32, filiformibus, per parla ap-
proximatis, dimldioque Inferlore trabeculls connexis, supra distinctis, apicibus parum tortis.
Calyptra lasvis.

Obs. Inter Barbulam et Didymodon media.

87. Syntrichia rubalis, Web. et Mohr tasch. p. 215. V oit mus . herbip. p. 52.

Brid. mant. p. 98.

Tortilla ruralis. Smith brit. 3. p. 1254. Engl. bot. 2070. Turner muse, hibern. p. 50.
Sw. muse. suec. p. 39- Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. 1. p. 137. Wahlenb. carpat. p. 338.
Muse. brit. p. 01. 1. 12. Hookei' scot. par. 2. p. 127. Richardson in FranldirHs j own.
p. 755.

Barbula ruralis, Hedw. sp. muse. p. 121. Wahlenb. lapp. 318.

Obs. Specimina duo tantum et sine fructlficatione.

88. Syntrichia MUCRONIFOI.IA, caule ramoso, foliis ovato-oblongis siccitate adpressis :
pilo integerrlmo latitudine folii breviore, capsula cylindracea inaequilatera erecta duplo longiore
operculo subulato-conico.

Tortula mucronifolia, Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. 1. p. 136. t. 35? Wahlenb. lapp. p. 317.^

Desc. Muscus v. caespitosus v. aliis intermistus. Caules erecti, breves, semper ramosi,
ramis fastigiatis, dense foliati. Folia concava, marginibus integerrimls, infra medium
leviter recurvis, minute areolatis, areolis baseos paulo laxioribus, nervo valido in pilum inte-
gerrimum excurrpnte, madore erecto-patentlbus, siccitate Imbricatls adpressis nec contortis,
pilo parum flexo. Seta capsula baud duplo longior, concolor, siccitate tortilis. Capsula
saturate castanea, lasvis. Operculum badium, per lentem pluries augentem spiraliter striatum,
dimidium capsulae vix lequans. Peristomii membrana alba, pulchre reticulata, longior cillis
contortis. Calyptra novella tantum visa, laevis.

Obs. Syntrichia subgenus tantum esse videtur Barbulae (s. Tortulae), cujus dentes e mem-
brana angusta ortum ducunt ; et in speciebus omnibus utriusque quas investigavi operculum
sjiiraliter striatum est.

BOTANY.

CCXCIX

De synonymis supra citatis S. mucronifolice baud omniuo certus sum, figura tamen
Scliwaegrichenii bene I’espondet, et descriptio Wahlenbergii in omnibus convenit nisi longitu-
dine cupidis foliorum inferiorum.

89. Encalypta ciliata, Hedw. sp. muse. p. 61 ? Sekwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. 1. p. 59?
Smithbrit. 3. p. 1181 ? Engl. bot. 1418? Wahlenb. lapp. 311 ? Muse. brit. «. p. 35. 1. 13 ?

Leersia ciliata, Hedw. stirp. crypt. 1. p. 49. t. 19?

Obs. Exemplaria nonnulla Encalyptse speciei in herb. D. Sabine olim visa ad banc, ni
fallor, pertinent ; posthac determinanda.

90. Gymnostomum obtusifolium, foliis oblongo-ovatis obtusis integerrimis, capsula
oblonga duplo longiore operculo conico columellje adnato.

Desc. Caules ramosi, dense foliati. Folia concava, infra laxiuscule supra medium
minute reticulata, marginibus planis, nervo vix apicem attingenti, madore erecto-patula, sic-
citate appressa et parum flexa. Seta fusca, Imvis, caule longior. Capsula erecta, Isevis,
fusca, reticulata. Operculum breve conicum, cum columella cylindracea din cohaerens.

APLODON.

Chae. Gen. Peristomium simplex : dentibus 16, a;quldistantibus, indivlsis, reflexUibus.
Capsula apophysata, erecta. Calyptra laevis. Flores terminales : masculi discoideo-capi-
tuliformes.

Obs. Subgenus Splacbni, a 'quo differt solummodo dentibus 16 scquidistantlbus, et forsan
columella capsulag maturse inclusa. Sed quoniam axis pellucidus dentis cujusvis compo-
sitionem ejusdem indicat, ad Systylium (quod Splacbni alteram subgenus,) dentibus 16,
aequidistantibus, blpartitis, plane accedit ; in hoc enim cohasrentia operculi cum columella, ex
analogla cum Gymnostomis quibusdam, pro charactere specific! tantum valoris habenda sit ; et
ad eandem structuram approximatio Indicata est in Splachno tenue et longicollo qulbus co-
bimella tota aplce subulato persistit, quamvis ab operculo clto soluta est. Tz’ansitus ab Aplo-
donte ad Splachnum facllis est per S. longlcollum {Dicks, crypt, fasc. 4. p. 4. t. 10. 9.

Amerlcae occidental! nec Scotise indigenum,) cui dentes vix manlfeste per paria approximati,
qua nota differt a S. tenue valde affine sed dentibus geminatis reflexilibus instructo. Ad
Aplodontem proxime accedit Weissia Splachnoides Sekwaegr. (Cyetodon nob., alterura
subgenus Splacbni quasi constituens,) diversa praesertim dentibus erectis apicibus incurvis,
Ideoque S. Frselichiano dentibus erectis sed geminatis affinis.

91. ApLODON WOEMSKIOLDIt.

Splachnum Wormskioldii, Hornem. in Flor. Dan. 1659. Sekwaegr. suppl. 2. sect. 1. p. 27.
1. 108.

ccc

appendix.

a. Folia acuminata.

Desc. Muscus IfEte virens, dense caespitosus. Caules 1-3-unciales, innovationibus repetitis
ramosi, infra tomento radicali castaneo foliisque emarcidis tecti ; ramis annotinis herbaceis,
viridibus, foliatis. Folia alterna, descendendo remotiora, l^te viridia, ovato-lanceolata, acu-
minata, integerrima, laxe reticulata, nervo tenui, ad ortum acuminis concoloris, diametrum
transversum folii vix aequantis, desinenti. Masculus Flos discoideo-capituliformis, ramum
paucifolium ejusdem cum feiuineo vel distincti caulis terminans ; foliis peri gonialibus caulinis
subconformibus, infra conniventibus coloratis, apicibus patulis viridibus. Antherce nume-
rosae, brevissime pedicellatae, cylindracea?. Paraphyses plures, lutescentes, articulis sursum
crassioribus brevioribusque, idtimo obtuso. Pistilla mdla. Femineus Flos terminalis, mas-
culo angustior, foliis perichcetialibus rameis conformibus et concoloribus. Pistilla 3-5 ;
paraphysibus paucissimis ; antheris nuUis. Seta ramum fructiferum subaequans, herbacea,
saepissime viridis, etiam post lapsum opercidi, quandoque demum pallide fusca. V aginula
laxiuscula, dilute fusca, ore nigro-castaneo, quandoque inaequali, basi pistiUis abortientibus
stipata. Calyptra glabra, Ijevis, subcampanulata, sed altero latere fere ad apicem usque
fissa, capsula adulta brevier. Apophysis obovata, basi vix attenuata, capsulam crassitie
subaequans, nunc paulo amplior, concolor, demum paUida et alte corrugata. Capsula erecta,
cylindraceo-obovata, laevis, castanea, stomate baud coarctato et quandoque dentibus de-
ciduis nudo, deoperculata apopbysi brevier. Peristomium simplex, dentibus 16, aequi-
distantibus, lato-subulatis, indivisis, axi longitudinali semipellucido, transversim striatis, sic-
citate arete reflexis, madore conniventibus, semisiccatis patulis. Columella capsula matura
brevior, apice simplici. Operculum depresso-hemisphaericum, obtusissimum, altero latere
stomate diutius adhasrens.

/3. Folia acutiusCula.

Obs. Ab a. dilfert, praster folia absque acumine et quandoque obtusiuscula, caulibus bre-
vioribus vix uncialibus, stomate patentiore.

Planta groenlandica inter has duas varietates quasi media, cum a. foliis acuminatis con-
veniens ; ad /3. habitu propius accedens.

SPALCHNUM.

Linn. Hedw.

Char. Gen. Peristomium simplex: dentibus (reflexilibus) v. 8, geminatis (coalitione
nunc indivisis) : v. 4, quaternatis. Capsula erecta, apophysata. Calyptra glabra, laevis.
Flores terminales : masculi (cum v. absque pistillls sterillbus,) discoideo-capltuliformes.

Obs. In S. octoblepharo Insulje Diemeni et magellanico peristomium octodentatum, sed
dentium striae longltudinales semlpellucidae eorundem compositionem indicant. In S. angustatOy
arctico et propinquo peristomii dentes quaternatim approximati et basi coadunati. Dum

BOTANY.

CCCl

«S’. Frcdichianum^ et forsan Wulfenianum, capsula inclinata et dentibus erectis a Splachnis
genuinis distinguitur et subgenus efFormat.

92. Splachnum vasculosum, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1572. exclus. syn. Buxb. Hedw.
stirp. crypt. 2. p. 44. t. 15. optime, Sp. muse. p. 53. Schkuhr deut. moos. p. 41. t. 17.
icone a supra citata Hedwigil mutuata. Schwaegr. suppl. 1. sect. 1. y. 51. Wahhnb. lapp.
p. 308. Muse. brit. p. 21. t. 31. bene. Hooker scot. par. 1. p. 125.

Desc. Caules innovando subramosi, unciales, laxe foliati, inferne fibras purpureas ramosas
supra-axillares nonnullas exserentes. Folia alterna, orbiculato-obovata, obtusissima, parum
concava, basi angustata, semiamplexicaulia, marginibus integerrimis planis, nervo mox infra
apicem evanescenti ; perichcctialia similia, intimis 2-3 exceptis minoribus ovatis acutiusculis.
Seta caulem subaequans, castanea, laevis. Vaginula basi stipata pistillis pluribus abortivis.
Apophysis subsphaerica vel obovata, capsula duplo amplior, semisiccata rugosa, nigro-fusca.
Capsula cylindracea, laevis, minute reticulata, fusca. Feristomium dentibus 16, per paria
approximatis, saepiusque ad medium, quandoque fere ad apicem, connatis, singuli axi pellu-
centiori tenuissimo, omnes e basi angusta annidari orti, arete reflexiles dorso capsulae
appressi. Columella cylindracea, longitudine thec«, apice ddatato, plano-depresso. Masculi
Flores caulem distinctum paucifolium ejusdera caespitis terminantes, capital o-discoidei ; foliis
perigonialibus extimis obtusiusculis, interioribus longioribus, e basi latiore lutescenti conni-
venti patulis, lanceolatis apice angustatis, integerrimis. Anihertr. numerosae, viginti plures.
Paraphyses numerosissimae, antheris longiores, subclavatae, articulis superioribus crassioribus
brevioribusque. Pistilla nulla.

Obs. Ab exemplaribus in Scotiae montibus a D. Hooker lectis hoc paulo tantum differt
foliis remotioribus et seta longiore.

93. Splachnum arcticum, peristomii dentibus quaternatim approximatis, apophysi ob-
conica capsula clausa angustiore deoperculata latiore, opei’culo conico-haemisphaerico, floribus
masculis sessilibus, seta perichcetium bis superante, foliis ovato-lanceolatis concavis cuspi-
datis integerrimis.

Desc. Muscus dense caespitosus. Caules innovationibus ramosi, sesquiunciales, infra foliis
vetustis emarcidis tomentoque radiculoso copioso tecti. Rami annotini laete virides, foliati,
basin versus foliis rarioribus et brevioribus. Folia lanceolata-ovata, concava, integerrima,
cuspidata, cuspide concolori fere -i longitudine laminae, laxe reticulata, laete viridia. Femi-
neus Flos gemmiformis, angustus. Pistilla 3-5, fills succulentis, paucis, hyallnis ; staminibus
nullis. Seta longitudine fere rami annotini, parum angulata, laevis, castanea, capsula tota,
apophysi simul sumpta, duplo longior. Capsula vera cylindracea, laevis, nigro-castanea, ore
dilatato, patulo. Apophysis obconica basi attenuata, capsula paulo longior. Operculum ma-
dore conlcum, siccitate conico-hasmisphasricum mucronulo manifesto. Feristomium intra
marginem membranae exterioris, ubi desinet interior, ortum : dentibus 16, quaternatim ad me-
dium usque connatis, singulis absque stria longitudinali manifesta. Masculus Flos cum fe-
mineo coUateralis, ramum terminans, discoideo-capituliformis, semper sessilis, etiam dum femi-

2 p 2

CCCll

APPENDIX.

neus, primo pariter sessilis, florescentia peracta ramulo suo proprlo elongate insidet. Folia
perigonialia e basi lanceolata erecta in cuspidem basi longiorem, subulatum producta. Anther ce
numerosae viginti circiter, levlssime arcuatae, brevissime pedicellataa. Paraphyses stramineae,
sursum incrassatae articulis breviorlbus crassioribusque. Pistil la nulla.

Obs. Facies omnino S. mnioidis, quocum pluribus notis convenit, satis diversum dentium
dispositione.

94. Splachnum PKOPixauuM, peristomii dentibus basi quaternatim coh^rentibus, apo-
physi obconica capsula operculata paulo latiore, operculo siccitate depresso mutico, floribus
masculis brev^ pedunculatis, seta perichaetium vix superante, foliis ovatis concavis cuspidatis
integerrimis.

Desc. CcBspites densi. Caules innovando divisi, unciales. Folia viridissima, acumine
subulato-setaceo, concolori, longitudine folii. Seta foliis floralibus paulo longior, angulata,
laevis, capsulam cum apophysi suinptam vix superans. Capsula cylindracea, brevis, ore di-
latato. Apophysis primo viridis, mox fusca, capsula ante lapsum operculi paulo tantum cras-
sior, demum nigricans, pyriformis, capsula deoperculata concolori fere duplo amplior. Oper-
culum conico-hemisphasricum, muticum, siccitate planiusculo-depressum. Peristomii dentes
16, quaternatim approximati et ad medium usque cohmrentes, singuli absque stria longitu-
dinali manifesta. Columella crasso-C3dindracea, pulposa, apice hemisphaerico cavitatem oper-
culi replenti. Masculus Flos capitato-discoideus, ramulum brevem, femineo collateralem, ter-
minans, antlieris paraphysibusque numerosis, pistillis certe null is.

Obs. Proximum S. arctico, an ejusdem varietas ?

95. Splachnum exsertum, capsula interiore soluta siccitate semiexserta ; exteriore ore
dilatato, apophysi obconica capsula (concolori) angustiore, foliis lanceolato-ovatis acuminatis
integerrimis.

Desc. Caules annotino-ramosi ; Folia omnino S. arctici et propinqui. Masculus Flos ca-
pitato-discoideus, ramulum distinctum, femineo breviorem, foliatum, ejusdem caulis terminans,
foliis perigonialibus basi lutescentibus, acumine brevi viridi. Anthem paucae, cylindraceoe,
leviter arcuatm : paraphysibus numerosis sursum crassioribus : pistillis nuUis. Seta terminalis,
perichaetium vix superans, dilute fusca, laevis. Capsula cum apophysi sumpta tui'binata ;
theca exterior obovata ; interior pedicello insidens libera, demum exsiccatione exterioris ex-
serta. Peristomium : dentes 16, mox intra marginem capsulae exterioris orti, primo quater-
natim basi cohaerentes, demum quaternatim vel quandoque geminatim reflexi.

Obs. Muscus valde affinis hinc S. arctico et propinquo inde paradoxo ; et hi omnes adeo
approximati pr^sertim figura et textura foliorum ut varietates unius ejusdemque speciei
forsan considerari possunt.

96. Splachnum paradoxuji, capsula adulta absque sutura operculi (demum separabilis ?) ;
interiore pedicellata, apophysi attenuata capsula angustiore, foliis lanceolato-ovatis acumi-
natis integerrimis.

BOTANY.

CCClll

Desc. Caules vix semunciales, innovationibus ramosi. Folia ovato-lanceolata, concavius-
cula, carinata, laxe reticulata, integerrima, acumine subulate diametrum transversum folii sub-
sequanti, demum decolori pilum referenti. Masculi Flores discoideo-capitullformes, termi-
nantes ramos proprios pedunculiformes, pauclfolios, foliolis nanis alternis : folia perigonialia
lanceolata, basi conniventia, apicibus patulis acuminatis. Anther (Z numerosse, cylindraceje,
levissime incurvse. Paraphyses numerosse, subclavatas. Flos femineus terminalis. Seta
fusca, Isevls, caule longior. Capsula erecta, oblongo-obovata, basi in apophysin obconicam
seipsa angustiorem et breviorem attenuata, Isevis, per lentem pluries augentem punctis minutis
longitudinaliter seriatis, depressis, adversus lucem semipellucidis tenuissime quasi striata,
absque operculo ejusve ulla indicatione, aj)iculo obtuso paulo constricto. Theca vera di-
midiam superiorem tantum capsulse exterioris occupans, pedicello cylindraceo, ex apice apo-
ph^’sis derivato, insidens, libera, ad ortum dentium desinens ibique cum capsula exteriore con-
fluens. Dentes 16, quaternatim ad medium cohaerentes, subulati, pallide fusci, apicem cavitatis
capsula; attingentes. Semina minutissima, in cumulo olivaceo-viridia, seorsim hyalina, Isevia.

Obs. Hsec omnia e specimine unico cum capsulis 8 maturis plenis et duabus vetustis vacuis
pariter clausis, varietatem nanam S. arctici referente, desumpta sunt. Exemplaria deinplura
varietatis, ut videtur, ejusdem Musci, in herbario D. Richardson, inter Fort Enterprise et
mare arcticum lecta, et cum S. rnmoidii Schwaegr . in Franklin' s j own. p. 755 (non Hedwigii,)
intermista inveni : horum capsulas adultas numerosse cinnamomeo-fuscse, clausse et absque su-
tura vel ulla alia operculi indicatione. In hac varietate 12., quse statura major et calyptra
dimidiata donata, seta longior quam in a. dentesque 16 subsequidistantes et fere ad basin
distincti.

E duplicis varietatis hisce speciminibus diu in animo fuit proponere novum genus
sub nomine Cryptodontis, ob capsulam operculo destitutam dentibus verb inclusis instruc-
tam : sed omnibus iterum examini subjectis capsulam unam alteramve vetustam operculo
delapso et peristomio dentato, in eodem ca?spite cum clausis, et quantum determinare licuit ad
eandem speciem pertinentem, observavi, ideoque ad Splachnum, baud tamen absque dubita-
tione, museum paradoxum demum retuli. In Splachneis autem, prseter annuli defectum in
tota tribu, approximaitiones nonnullse ad capsulam clausam occurrunt, scilicet in Aplodonte ubi
operculum cum altero latere stomatls diutius cohseret, et in Systylio in quo cum columella
cohaerens persistit : nec transitus difficilis a Splachneis ad Voitiam habitu et statione iisdem
bene convenientem.

VOITIA.

Hornschuch comment, de voit et syst. p. 5. Hooker muse. exot. 97. Nees v. Esenb. et
Hornsch. bryol. germ. 1. p. 79. Schwaegr. suppl. 2. sect. p. % Greville et Arnott in
fVern. soc. transact. 4.

Char. Gex. Capsula clausa, (absque operculo dentibusve inclusis,) rostrata. Calyptra
dimidiata, capsula adulta longior, tardius decidua. Flores terminales : masculua femineo col-
laterali subconformis.

ccciv

APPENDIX.

Obs. Genus a Pliasco asgre distinguendum, habitu quamvis necnon statione valde diversum,
et ad Splachneas mediante S. paradoxo, (s. Cryptodonti) accedens. Calyftra multo amplior
equidem et diutius remanens quam in Phasco, sed demum decidua, nec persistens. Vaginula in
V. hyperborea certe indivisa, nec eandem bivalvem neque flssam in exemplaribus paucis V. niva-
lis a nobis investigatis observare licuit. In utraque specie ejusdem margo manifeste insequalis
et sublacera, sed eandem fere structuram in Phascis quibusdam, prsesertim in P. bryoidi et
curvicollo, observavimus. Caysula cum seta sua elongata saepe decidua sed quandoque nec raro
vel cum eadem persistens, vel a seta persistenti decidens : et seta minime post lapsum capsulae
in Phascis omnibus persistit. Membrana interna libera, cum processu subulato, rostrum cap-
sulae penetranti, in P. bryoidi et curvicoUo pari ter exstat: et florum dispositio subsimilis in
Phascis nonnullis obtinet. Semina minutissima affinitatem Voitiae cum Cryptodonti potius
quam Phasco indicant.

Voitia vogesiana Nestl. dubia hujus generis species mihi videtur, et habitu Phascis non-
nullis, praesertim P. flexuoso Schwaegr. suppl. % sect. 1. jo. 1. t. 101. convenit; a Voitia
diversa floribus saepe dioicis, masculorum forma, capsulis basi in apophysin angustiorem at-
tenuatis, seminibus majusculis, et forsan magnitudine proportionali calyptroB a me nondum
visae.

97. Voitia hypeuboeea, capsula gioboso-ovata basi subtruncata, fohis dilatato-ovatis acu-
minatis.

Voitia hyperborea, Greville et Arnott in Wern. soc. mem. 4. tab. l.f. 19. capsula, et 21.
folium.

Desc. Muscus caespites densos saepius efformat, raro aliis, Splachnis praesertim, intermixtus.
Caules 6-9-lineas longi, tomento radicali inferne arete cohaerentes, innovationibus subramosi, basi
foliis vetustis tomentoque radicali rufo-castaneo copioso tecti ; ramis annotinis dense foliatis
eradiculosis. Folia late ovata, modice concava, integerrima, acumine e nervo valido producto
formato, -j longitudinis folii jEquante, sed concolori nec nisi vetustate canescenti pilumque refe-
renti, laxiuscule reticulata, areolis rectangulis, invicem inaequalibus sed per tptam folii longitu-
dinem uniformibus, marginalibus vix majoribus, madore erecta, siccitate subappressa. Peri-
chmtialia paulo majora, acumine proportionatim longiore. Vaginula cylindracea, basi pislillis
paucis abortivis stipata, indivisa, nec fissa nec bivalvis, apice membranaceo ineequali lacero.
Seta elongata, caulem totum eequans v. parum superans, laevis, castanea, siccitate tortuosa.
Capsula erecta, castanea, leevis, dilatato-ovata, basi transversa subtruncata, rostro apicis inclinato
longitudine dimidii capsulae, absque operculo ejusve omni vestigio : exterior coriacea, minute
reticulata, areohs quadratis ; interior ab exteriore libera, centro baseos umbiheatse affixa, apice
clause processu subulato longitudine rostri exterioris, pallida, tenue membranacea, utrinque
Isevis nec intus septis processubusveinaequalis. Columella angulata subtetragona, longitudine
capsul2e interioris. Semina minutissima, Phasci bryoidis decies fere minora, in cumulo viridia,
separatim hyalina, subglobosa, per lentem centles augentem striis nonnullis insignlta, sed sim-
pheia nec dlvisibilia. Masculus Flos ramulum proprium, brevissimum, femineo collateralem hoc
vero post fsecundationem elongate demum quasi lateralem terminans, discoideo-gemmiformis.

BOTANY.

CCCV

femineo subsimilis, foliis perigonialibus perichaetialibus conformibus. Anthers numerosas, cylin-
draceae, leviter arcuatge. Paraphyses copiosee, articulls superioribus sensim crassioribus et
brevioribus.

Obs. Valde affinis VoitijB nivali quae difFert capsula oblongo-ovata basi acuta, foliis elongato-
ovatis laxioribus, statura majori.

HEPATICiE.

98. JuNGEEMANNiA MiNUTA, Sckrob. in Crantz grbnl. forts, p. 285. Dicks, fasc. 2.
p. 13. Wahlenb. lapp.p. 393. Hooker brit. junger, t. 44. Engl. bot. 2231.

Jungermannia bicornis, Flor. Dan. 888. f. a.. Schwaegr. prodr. hepat. p. 27. Ri-
chardson in FranklirCs journ. p. 757.

Obs. Planta nostra, cujus exemplaria perpauca et fructificatione destituta tantum visa, media
quasi inter I. minutam et ventricosam, ab utraque foliis explanatis, nec margine inferiore
indupbcatis, dilfert.

99. Maechantia polymoepha, Linn, sp.pl. ed. %p. 1603, Flor. lapp. n. 422. Wahlenb.
lapp. p. 397. Schmid, ic. p. 106. t. 29. Engl. bot. 210. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 119.
Mich. am. 2. p. 277. Br. in Flind. voy. 2. p. 593. Richardson in FranklirHs journ.
p. 757.

LICHENOSJE.

100. Gyeophoea feoboscidea, Achar. syn. p. 64. Engl. bot. 2484. Hooker scot,
par. 2. p. 41.

Gyrophora proboscidea jS. Richardson in FranklirCs journ. p. 758. tab. 30. f. 4.

Gyromium proboscideum, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 483.

Obs. In nostra planta pagina inferior, quae semper lasvis fibrillisque destituta, saepius ci-
nerea, nunc tota atra; quandoque thallo ad ambitum cribroso G. erosse accedit.

101. Lecanoea elegans, Achar. syn. p. 182. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 50. Richard-
son in FranklirCs journ. p. 760.

Lichen elegans, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 417. Carpal, p. 373. Engl. bot. 2181.

102. Boeeeea ? AUEAKTiACA, thallo adscendenti aurantiaco tereti-compresso nudo sub-
cbchotomo basi pallido : ramulis ultimis brevissimis obtusis.

Obs. Affinis B. flavicanti 1. c., utraque thallo teretiusculo fruticuloso a reliquis di-

versa. In hac Apothecia ignota ideoque dubii generis est.

103. Ceteaeia junipeeina, Achar. syn. p. 226.

CCCVl

APPENDIX.

Obs. Vix omnino cum C. junlperina quadi’ant specimina nostra quibus lacinise crenatsenec
erosae, margines pulvere destitutee, discus lasvis vix manifeste lacunosus, et paginae, qua;
citrinae, concolores.

104. Cetharia nxvalvis, Achar. syn. p. 228. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 57. Br. in
Ross’’ voy. 9.. ed. v.9. p. 195. Spitz, pi. in Scoresby’'s arct. append. ^.76. Richardso7i
in Franklin's journ. p. 761.

Lichen nivalis, Linn. lapp. n. 446. t. 11. f. 1, Soland. %n Phipps'' voy. p. 203.
fVahlenb. lapp. j)- 433. Carpat. p. 379. Engl. bot. 1994. Svensk bot. 384.

105. Cetraria cucullata, Achar. syn. p. 228. Richardson in Franklirds journ.
p. 761.

Lichen cucullatus, Smith in Linn. soc. transact. 1. p. 84. t. 4. f. 7. Wahlenb. lapp.
p. 433. Upsal. p. 413, Carpat. p. 379.

106. Cetraria islaxdica, Achar. syn. p. 229. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 58. Br. in
Ross' voy. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 195. Richardson in FranklirCs journ. p. 761.

Lichen islandicus, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1611. Flor. Dan. 155. Engl. bot. 1330.
Svensk. bot. 34. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 434. Carpat. p. 379- Upsal. p. 413. Solayid. in
Phipps’’ voy. p. 203.

Physcia islandica, Mich. am. 2, p. 326.

107. Cetraria odontella, Achar. syn. p. 230.

Lichen odontellus, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 434.

108. Peltidea aphthosa, Achar. syn. p. 238. Wahlenb. lapp, p. 446. Carpat.
p. 380, Svensk bot. 318. Hooker scot. par. 2, p. 60. Richardson in Franklin's jow'n.

p. 761.

Lichen aphthosus, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1616. Engl. bot. 1119. Wulfen in Jacqu.
coll. 4. p. 266. t. 17.

f

109. CoRxicuLARiA ocHROLEucA, Achar. syn. p. 301. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 69.
Richardson in Franklm's journ. p. 762.

Usnea ochroleuca, Hoffm. pi. lichen. 2. p. 7. t. 26. f. 2.

Lichen ochroleucus, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 438. Cai'pat. 382. Engl. bot. 2374.

110. CoRNicuLARiA LANATA, Achar. syn. JO. 302. Hookei' scot. par. 2. p. 69.

Lichen lanatus, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. p. 1623. Engl. bot. 846. Wahlenb. lapp. p. 440.

Carpat. p. 383.

Lichen nonnoricus, Gunn. no7'v. par. 2. p. 123. t. 2. f. 9 — 14.

BOTANY.

CCCVll

111. Ceeania veemiculaeis, Achar. syn. p. 278.

Cenomyce ? vermicxilaris, Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 65. Richardson in Franklin^ s journ.
p. 762. Br. in Flinders’ voy. 2. p. 594.

Boeomyces vermicularis, Wahlenb. lapp, p. 458.

Cladonia subuliformis, Ho^m. pi. lichen. 2. p. 15. t. 29. f. 1 — 3.

Lichen vermicularis, Dicks, crypt, fasc. 2. p. 23. t. 6. f. 10. Engl. bot. 2029.

Obs. Apothecia (?) lateralia, sparsa, atra, thallo innata coque submarginata, apotheciis
Roccellae aliquo modo accedentia, in exemplaribus nonnullis a D. Fisher lectis observavi.

\

112. Cenomyce pyxidata, Achar. syn. p. 252.

113. Steeeocaulon paschale, Achar. syn. p. 284. Mich. am. 2. p. 331. Br. in
Flinders’’ voy. 2. p. 594. Spitz, pi. in Scoresby's arct. 1. append, p. 76. Giesecke
Ch'eenl. in Edin. encyclop. Hooker scot. par. 2. p. 66. Richardson in Franklin's
journ. p. 762,

Bceomyces paschalis, Wahlenb. lapp. p. 450. Carpat. p. 386.

Lichen paschalis, Linn. sp. pi. ed. 2. v. 2. p. 1621. Soland. in Phipps' voy. p. 204.

Lichen ramulosus, Sw. fl. ind. occid. 3. p. 1917.

114. Usnea sphacelata, thallo erectiusculo fruticuliformi, ramis primariis ochroleucis
nigro-vittatis laevibus, ultimis attenuatis nigris : sorediis confertis concoloribus ochroleucisve.

Usnea? prope melaxantham, Br. spitz, pi. in Scoresby's arct. 1. append, p. 76.

Obs. Proxima U. melaxanthae Ach. syn. p. 303., dilFert statura ahquoties minore, ramis
primariis laevibus, sorediorum praesentia. Apothecia nondrnn visa. Eandem speciem, so-
rediis pariter instructam apotheciisque destitutam, in summitate Montis Tabularis Insulae Van
Diemen, anno 1804, legi.

FUNGI.

115. Canthaeellus lobatus. Fries sy St. my colog. 1. p. 323.

Helvella membranacea, Flor. Dan. 1077. f. 1.

116. Lycopeedon peatense, Pers. syn. fung. p. 142.

Praeter plantas supra enumeratas, species nonnullae in herbariis citatis exstant, scilicet
Muscorum quinque, Lecideae v. Leprariae unica, et Agarici tres: has vero e speciminibus vel
fructificatione destitutis vel male exsiccatis baud determinate potui.

Algae submersae prorsus nuUae reportatae fuere.

CCCVlll

APPENDIX.

Species quae Floruit Melvillianas adhucdum propriae remanent sequentes sunt.

Ranunculus Sabinii, qui nivali nimis affinis.

Ranunculus affinis, proximus auricomo.

Draba fauciflora, valde dubia species.

Platypetalum dubium, cujus flores ignoti.

Sieversii Rossii, proxima S. humili Oonalashkae indigena.

Tussilago ccrymbosa, valde affinis T. frigidce.

Pedicularis arctica, prope P. sudeticam et Langsdorjii.

Dupontia Fisheri, gramini nulli cognito affinis.

Barbula leucostoma, quae species distincta videtur.

Gymnostomum obtusifolium, species insignis, sed non satis cognita.

Splachnum arcticum, proximum S. mnioidi.

Borrera aurantiaca, Lichenosa distincta, sed dubii generis.

Genus itaque Insulas Melville peculiare nullum restat nisi Dupontia, si hoc equidem ser-
vari meretur.

Aliquas observationes, species nonnuUas Florulas Melvillianas illustrantes, derivatas ex
herbarii inspectione ad litora orientalia Americae arcticae, inter grad. 66. et 70. lat., in novissima
navigatione duce D. Parry, formati a D. Ross, cujus amicitiae specimina totius coUectionis
debeo, hie subjungere licet; ordine Florulas servato numerisque specierum praefixis.

11. Platypetalum pukpurascens.

Siliculcz V. ovali-oblongae v. oblongae, glabrae v. pilis raris brevibus simplicibus bifidisque
conspersae, stigmate quandoque capitato emarginato, nec semper bilobo lobis patentibus,
coronatae ; valvulis aveniis, ecarinatis, planiusculis ; dessepimento rarius fenestrato. Semina
biseriata. Cotyledones incumbentes, angusto-oblongae, rectae nec basibus crus radiculare
embryonis occupantibus.

Platypetalum itaque hinc SubularicB affine inde Eudema, base vero differt stylo elongato,
dissepiniento semper fenestrato, et forsan aliis notis e floris examini accuratiore derivandis.

13. Euteema Edwardsii.

Herba quandoque 4-6-uncialis.

18. Stellaria Edwardsii.

Exemplaria omnia ad var. a. pertinent, foliis ovatis acutis caulibusque glaberrimis, pedun-
culis unifloris, antheris purpureis, capsulis erectis semisexvalvibus calycem vix superantibus,
seminibus Imvibus fuscis.

Species forsan polygama, ad quam referenda S. Edwardsii Richardson 1. c. .? et S. nitida
Hooker ?

BOTANY.

CCCIX

26. Saxifeaga unifloea.

Exemplaria omnia stature majoris sunt, et pleraque caulibus 2-3-floris donata ; ideoque
haec, quffi potius pro varietate insigni quam distincta specie supra proposita fuit, ad S. caes-
pitosam absque dubio reducenda.

36. OXYTEOPIS AECTICA.

Hujus varietas notabilis, vix enim distincta videtur species, statura minor, scapo saepe
unifloro passimque umbella biflora, dentibus calycis respectu tubi paulo longioribus, foliolis
saepius 7, quandoque 9, villis persistentibus utrinque argenteo-sericeis.

39- CiNEEAEIA CONGESTA.

Herba quandoque spithamea, folia saepius sinuato-dentata, nunc alte sinuata, passim
indivisa ; haec exemplaria itaque propius C. palmtri accedunt, inflorescentia densiore, lana
magis copiosa et longiore prsesertim distinguenda.

60. Caeex misandea.

Hujus exemplaria aliqua completa, 6-9-uncialia, foliis linearibus apice attenuato, mar-
ginibus deorsim scabris, culmo laevi, spicis 3-4, alternis, raro subumbellatis, terminali basi
solum rariusve tota mascula, stigmatibus saepissime tribus. Hinc ad C. fuliginosam Sternb.
1. c. procul dubio referenda.

51. Caeex concoloe.

Specimina proceriora, spicis femineis longioribus, axi squamarum pallido, ad C. cjEspi-
tosam propius accedunt, et culmo laevi praecipue distingui possunt.

56. CoLPODIUM LATIFOLIUM.

In exemplaribus plerisque rudimentum breve setuliforme flosculi secundi adest ; necnon
valvulffi inferioris perianthii setula denticulata dorsalis, 1-5 circiter ab ejusdem apice, nervum
centralem terminans, altitudinem valvulae vix aequans. Aliqua autem omnino mutica sicut
pleraque ab Insula Melville.

57. PoA ANGUSTATA.

Hujus, ni faUor, varietas nana (2-3-uncialis), perianthiis glaberrimis, locustis viridibus
apicibus purpureis valvulae inferioris perianthiorum solum exceptis.

58. POA ABBEEVIATA.

Specimina pleraque vix triuncialia.

60. Festuca beevifolia.

Triviale nomen his exemplaribus vix convenit, quibus folia radicalia dimidium et ultra
culmi aequant, et culmea vaginis suis proportionatim longiora sunt.

cccx

APPENDIX.

62. Pleueopogon Sabinii.

Exemplar unicum caespitosum, in palude a D. Ross lectum, ad var. 0 pertinet, culmis
partialibus quadriuncialibus, antheris purpureis.

91- Aplodon woemskioldii.

Exemplaria nonnulla varietatis a supra enumeratis diversae, cujus folia acutiuscula absque
acumine, apophysis ovato-globosa, nec basi attenuata, pallide straminea, cava, axi solido, cap-
sula castanea amplior.

97. VoiTIA HYPEEBOEEA.

Saspius aliis Muscis, Splachnis praesertim, intermista crescit.

FINIS.

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