€VL6 98200 LOLI E ADMD Ne ed UNI : & 5 es ee SUPPLEMENT TO THE PHARMACOP@IA, NT AR} ie) AND : . COLLEGE OF f "HARMAC g TREATIS ‘ i Hag GERRARD) ST = ag TORONTO. oa PHARMACOLOGY J IN GENERAL; = INCLUDING NOT ONLY THE DRUGS AND PREPARATIONS USED BY PRACTITIONERS OF MEDICINE, < 3 TOGETHER WITH _ 4 COLLECTION OF THE MOST USEFUL MEDICAL FO i ns | 2 ; f VETERINARY DRUGS, PATENT MEDICINES, x OTHER COMPOUNDS; ~~ : An Explanation of the Contractions used by Physicians and Bgyagists ; ee ‘ . u: AND ALSO 4 bes A YERY COPIOUS INDEX, ENGLISH AND LATIN, OF THE VARIOUS NAMES BY WHICH “i Pg THE ARTICLES HAVE BEEN KNOWN AT DIFFERENT PERIODS : Y | BEING A = ° COMPLETE DISPENSATORY, AND BOOK FORMULA, FOR CONSTANT REFERENCE IN MEDICAL AND VETERINARY PRACTICE, AND MANUAL FOR RETAIL DRUGGISTS, THE SIXTH EDITION, CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED: 7 BUT ALSO ‘ MOST OF THOSE EMPLOYED IN THE a ARTS; : | } ~ _ S INCLUDING THE NEW FRENCH MEDICINES, AND SELECTIONS FROM FOREIGN PHARMACOP@IAS, AND FROM THE FORMULAE OF BRITISH AND FOREIGN HOSPITALS, By SAMUEL FREDERIC GRAY, LECTURER ON THE MATERIA MEDICA, PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY, AND BOTANY. LONDON: LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMAN; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO.; SHERWOOD, GILBERT, AND PIPER; HENRY RENSHAW; JOHN CHURCHILL, & E. COX. > MDCCCXXXVI, PHARMACY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO —s a LONDON: BRADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. - ONTARIO : COLLEGE QF PHARMACY 44. GERRARD ST. E, TORONTO, NOTE BY EDITOR. THE improvements made in the present Edition ate, —several directions for Pharmaceutical and Chemical Manipulation have been prefixed, the importance and advantage of which will be readily acknowledged; several new Medicines and Formule have been added, so as to bring the work up to the present improved state of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science. The Officinal Preparations of the principal articles of the Materia Medica, as adopted in the three British Pharmacopeceias, — as well as their medical uses, have been introduced, wherever it appeared necessary. Lonvon, July 27, 1836. PAGE Note by the Editor of this Edition. . 5 es Preface . ‘ . eh Pharmacopeeia ; Spgs. Apothecaries Act : xxii _ English Weights XXXV French Weights XXXViii English Measures. ; _ xi French Measures ; xli Specific gravity and Hydro- meters. ; xiii > ae and Pehl: xly Diiirelicas peta in ptiiabe ing, and in medical writings xlviii A. Organic bodies, or their parts. |. Vecerasies : mk iL ANIMALS ; te egy f | B. Substances not organized, IIL. Comrounp ComsustTiBLes Nor OF AN oILy Narore. (a) Of vegetable origin. Sugars ; ; on ae Gums . ; - . 152 Gum resins ; 5 8864 Watery juices . : . 158 Watery extracts . - 0 160 Mixed extracts . ; . 164 _ Parinas and Feculas ae fs Spirituous liquors ; . 169 CONTENTS. PAGE Fermented doughs and ferments 174 Roasted vegetable substances . 176 (b) Of animal origin. Animal secretions and excretions 177 Morbid concretions ‘ heey) Gelatinous extracts so. es (c) Of mineral origin, 182 IV. Comrounp ComBusTIBLES OF — AN OILY NATURE. (a) Of vegetable origin. Mucilaginous oils : . 183 Vegetable butters . ein fee Essential oils. ee . 189 Distilled vegetable oils - 195 Camphire —.. ; . 198 Ethers . Price pire 5 Turpentines and Valenns . 200 Rosins ; ; JY eS Resinous extracts 4 . 209 Glutinous matters . vi Ai Se hea (b) Of animal origin. . _ Animal oils and fats. . 215 Bees’ wax . : ot kine Animal resins ; . 218 Distilled animal oils - »« 220 (c) Of mineral origin. Mineral oils ; j . 220 - viii ay CONTENTS. V. SimpLe ComBusTIBEES. PAGE Charcoal , 221 Sulphurs . 224 VI. MeErAts. Metallic sie &e. . 226 Metals . 230 Metallice oxides . . 235 Metallic subsalts . 243 Metallic salts ~ 252 VII. Earrus anp ALKALIES. Earths and clays . 261 Stones and glasses . . 268 Alkalies and their Sarbocieate . 272 Neutral Salts . 279 Salts of the vegetable alkalies . 290 VIII. Acrps. Of vegetable origin . 293 Of animal origin . 300 Of mineral origin . 802 ‘TX. Warery Liquips. Natural waters s ™..3)1 Artificial waters $12 Wines . . 814 Malt liquors - 322 X. Gases anp FuMIGATIONS. Gases . ’ : Fumigations —. : ‘ 324 325 PaGE XI. Lieuin ComPpouNDSs, NOT OILY, Distilled waters ; . 325 Infusions. : . 831 Decoctions ; ; . 334 Mucilages and jellies . . 336 Emulsions and Lohochs . 339 Iced creams, orgeats,&c. . . 840 Watery mixtures , . 341 Impregnated wines . + 364 Impregnated vinegars . . 367 Ammoniata ‘ “| «ae Compound spirits : . 374 Tinctures +) Syrups and apes , - 405 XII. Compounps, NEITHER LIQUID NOR OILY. Conserves, &e. » ~ » 418 Electuaries and linctuses . 420 Pills and pill masses - . 433 Boluses and balls f - 442 Hard confections, &c. - « 446 Powders, stones, &c. . 458 XIII. Oy or creasy Com- POUNDS. Compound oils . ‘ . 477 Soaps . ’ oi): =r Ointments ‘ , . 488 Plasters . ; « -« OZ XIV. Apparatus anp CuHEstTs. Apparatus, &e. . ‘ - 513 Index. ONTARIO | COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 44 GERRARD ST. €. TORONTO, PREFACE. As physicians do not themselves prepare the medicines they exhibit to their patients, it is very convenient for them to inti- _ mate to the neighbouring retailers, whom the sick employ for _ this purpose, the medicines they are likely to order, and the _ mode in which they wish certain compounds, that require time _ for their preparation, should be kept ready in the shops: this, and this alone, is the true office of a Pharmacopceia. And indeed the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, in the Preface to their Codex Medicamentarius, or Pharmacopeeia, expressly disclaim any intention of hindering practitioners from using other remedies, or shopkeepers from keeping other articles, besides what are men- _ tioned by them; and further observe, that they have inserted 7 several popular medicines, although not likely to be ordered by the faculty themselves, in order that they may be uniformly pre- _ pared, and of course uniform in their action. _ Before the publication of local Pharmacopeeias, the apothe- _ ¢aries kept in their shops the six following books: Avicenna on Simples; Serapion on the same subject; Simon Januensis De _ Synonymis, and his Quid pro Quo on Substitutes; the Liber _ Servitoris of Bulchasim Ben Aberazerin, treating of the prepa- ’ ration of minerals, plants, and animals, similar to the chemical part of the modern Pharmacopeias; the Antidotarium of Jo- hannes Damascenus or Mesue, arranged in classes like the Galenical part of our present Pharmacopceeias; and the Antido- _ tarium of Nicolaus de Salerno, containing these Galenical com- pounds, arranged alphabetically; of which there were two editions ‘in use: in the common edition, or Nicolaus Parvus, as it was called, several of the compositions of the Nicolaus Magnus were 7 >: t : ante PREFACE. omitted, and those that were retained were directed to be made upon a smaller scale than in the other. The London College of Physicians first published, or rather distributed amongst the apothecaries, a Pharmacopeeia of their own in May 1618, selected from the two latter of these works, with a few additions from the modern authors then in repute; but this work was found so full of errors, that it was obliged to be called in immediately, the whole impression cancelled, and a new edition published in December following. This Pharma- copeeia was published, like all the succeeding ones, in Latin ; being intended, in the language of the preface, for the filii Apol- linis only. Indeed, the college appear to have been very angry with Culpeper for translating it and the works of the principal authors on medicine into the vulgar tongue, refusing him, as it should seem, although educated at Cambridge, a licence to prac- tise, and thus converting him intoa bitter enemy. Unfortunately, the great popularity of his writings, still considered as classical amongst the common people, gave a currency to his opinions, and exposed the college to much obloquy. The difficulties placed upon an admission into the college, ori- ginally with a view to confine the members to a small number, like the contemporaneous monopoly of the proctors of the civil and canon law, naturally led those who found themselves excluded to endeavour to evade its powers, at first by merely advising their patients to buy some medicine which had been prescribed by’ a member of the college for a similar complaint: a prac- tice which some physicians, as Daffy, Goddard, &c., in Charles the Second’s reign, endeavoured to counteract, by ordering a nostrum, which could only be had at their: own house, or that of a confidential apothecary, in most of their prescriptions, communicating, however, the preparation to their fellow-mem- bers of the college under the seal of secrecy for their life; while others, as Merrett, Mortimer, &c., furnished their patients with the necessary medicines, without any other charge than their usual fee. Afterwards the unlicensed practitioners, or apothecaries, did not think it necessary to confine themselves to recommending the prescriptions of physicians, but acted upon their own judg- ments, especially when the House of Lords decided the case of PREFACE. Be is © the College v. Rose, for selling medicines not ordered by a phy- sician to a patient, in their favour. Hence that preferable mode of the practice of medicine, resting entirely in the hands of prescribers, was altered, by the college confining their licences exclusively to those bred up in academical learning, which, how- ever ornamental to its possessor, is certainly not essential to success in practice; not considering how much better it were to have had unlearned physicians for their brethren, than to convert the dispensers into rivals. It seems as if the college were afterwards sensible of their error, by their publishing a sta- tute, inviting unlearned practitioners to be examined in the vulgar i : tongue, in any part of physic they might choose, and offering to license them for whatever department they might be found qualified. Whether the state of medical practice, produced by the: diffi- culties thus laid upon practising as a prescriber, is of advantage to the public, may be doubted ; as, from the mode adopted to | 3 evade the laws respecting it, by the practitioner pretending only to sel] medicine, patients are frequently obliged to swallow more medicines than are necessary, that the apothecary, or dispensing practitioner, may be compensated for his attendance. Those medicines must, in most cases, be made unpalatable, lest the patient should conceive himself to be furnished with mere slops for the sake of a charge being made. And, as the medicines are prepared by the practitioner himself, a patient standing in some peculiar circumstances may be poisoned without much danger of _ detection. It is but a few years since a respectable practitioner, _ in the west of England, was tried for this crime, to which he was supposed to be impelled by the desire of hastening the receipt of _ the patient’s, his mother-in-law, property ; and several similar _ eases have occurred both in England and France. Against all these disadvantages the public have only the convenience of hav- ing medical attendance and medicines upon credit. It is singular that the House of Lords did not, in their decision upon Rose’s case, perceive the great danger that arose from allowing the com- patibility of medical practice with the dispensing of medicines, Bie which has long been forbidden in some of the best regulated con- _ finental states; in order that the dispenser may serve as a check upon the prescriber, advise with him if any accidental error is + Suspected to occur in the prescriptions, and by keeping the pre- xii PREFACE. scriptions themselves, enable them to be exhibited in case of any untoward event occurring. This danger has been greatly increased of late by the almost universal junction of midwifery with apothecary practice, since midwifery accustoms the general practitioner to consider] the saving or destruction of a human life as a mere matter of calcula- tion ; as also by the recent extension of our knowledge respecting vegetable poisons, and by the great attention which is now called to the subject by the present fashionable study of medical juris- prudence; there being reason to apprehend, from the imitative habits of mankind, that reading detailed accounts of crimes rouses in some cases the latent sparks of vice, and at the best serves to perfect badly-inclined persons in devising the securest modes of effecting their purpose. To the original Pharmacopceia some additions were made in 1627 and 1635; and in 1650 an improved edition came forth, to which further additions were made in 1677. No alterations of much consequence, however, were made until 1720, when a new edition was published nd aeNe ices. of Sir Hans Sloane. He being a botanist, the botanical names of the'plattswere added to the officinal names, which was a great improvement. In a new edition, published in 1745, the system of curtailment, begun by the Edinburgh College in 1738, was pursued toa con- siderable extent, no compound being admitted but what had a majority of voices in favour of its insertion: it was also at first proposed to omit the drugs entirely, then to give only a list of those used in making up the compounds in the work ; and at last a list was made out of those which the majority of the committee supposed to be the most efficacious, and the botanical names were omitted. In this edition, the college first began the practice of changing the names of articles, on account of tlie alleged impropriety of their significations—a practice which has since been carried to the greatest excess. _ Respecting the curtailments that were thus made in this edi- tion, and which have occasioned the decline of pharmacological knowledge among the profession, it may be observed, that the object of a Pharmacopceia being to fix the composition of what- ever medicines physicians might be likely to order, it is evident that the very contrary course to that pursued by the committee PREFACE. xiii ought to have been adopted: the real duty of these committees seeming to be confined to correcting any defects in the standing medicines of the shops, to the rejection of those entirely obsolete, and the addition of whatever new compositions may be proposed by any of the members, after the best general mode of preparing them has been discussed ; nor does it seem necessary to wait for a new edition for the regulation of these additions, which, when very active, as Prussic acid, vinum colchici, and the like, require an uniformity of preparation to be speedily instituted; as an offi- cial communication might be made to the society of apothecaries, the different medical journals, and the teachers of materia medica, for the information of the profession. As the edition of 1745 excelled in Galenic pharmacy, the next, of 1788, may be regarded as the best compendium of chemical pharmacy the college has produced. Some new names were, indeed, introduced from Bergmann, but they were only such as the improved state of that science called for. In the Galenical compositions simplicity was pursued to the utmost, and probably to an injurious extent; since it is well known, that a mixture of drugs will frequently have more effect than the same quantity of either of them separately, and a mixture of spices is more agreeable than any of them alone. The edition of 1809 is chiefly remarkable for the entire adop- tion of the chemical nomenclature of Lavoisier and his coadjutors. It does not appear that any necessity existed for this adoption of ime Lavoisier’s names ; since, although our experimental chemists had ___ adopted this innovation, as being more conversant with the French _ authors, than with the 1788 edition of the Pharmacopeeia, in _ which Bergmann’s nomenclature of salts had been reduced to _ actual use, yet even the French school of mineralogy, little as that nation is inclined to prefer foreign usages, still follow the nomen- clature of Bergmann, and therefore the retention of those names R would not have been without precedent, even in Paris itself. A preference was evidently given, in ordering the chemical pre- parations, to the moist way, with the idea of enabling the apothe- _ aries to prepare this class of medicines themselves; but in fact __ the college might more properly have put the whole of them into the drugs, merely noticing the strength of some of them, as they have done with oil of vitriol and spirit of wine; and, following + a xiv. PREFACE. the old models of Mesue and Nicolaus, have confined their direc- ' tions to the Galenic department, since the chemicals are usually prepared in the country, where house-room, labour, and fuel are cheap, by manufacturers, who totally disregard the directions of the college, This being the case, the chemicals are not likely ever to be prepared by the apothecaries themselves; besides, much of the merit of chemical processes depends upon their concatena- tion with others carried on in the same laboratory, to make the waste of one process serve as the ingredient for another, a circum- stance that cannot be considered by the college as depending upon an infinite variety of circumstances, but which has a most material influence upon the price at which the articles can be brought into the market; and it may be added, that the chemicals are always identical, or nearly so, in whatever manner they are prepared. The Pharmacopceia printed in 1815 is only a corrected impres- sion of the edition of 1809; and the new Pharmacopeeia of 1824 is very slightly altered, in a few points, from its predecessor. To enforce the performance of the directions of the Pharma- copeeia, the censors of the college, and the wardens of the apothe- caries, were, on the separation of the society of apothecaries from the company of grocers, empowered to search the shops of apo- thecaries in and about London, to destroy all they found unfaith- fully prepared, and even fine the parties. The ill-will occasioned by this separation, and by the examination being referred to the apothecaries, was so great, that it was made one of the grievances complained of by the House of Commons in 1627; and from the answer made to this petition of grievances, by King James, in his last notice from the throne, a few months before his death, we learn that this separation was devised by our British Solomon himself *. * Petition of the Commons (in 1624) to the King, complaining of divers grievances.—[Cobbett’s Parliamentary History, vol. i. col. 1491.] “ Apothecaries,]| Whereas the apothecaries of the city of London have been anciently members of the Company of Grocers of the same city, and whereas the said grocers did and do far exceed the number of apothecaries, and did even buy and sell all manner of drugs as well as apothecaries, which drugs, at several times of the year, were by the President and Censors of the College of the Physicians searched out and viewed whether the same were useful or not ; and whereas as well the said grocers, as others, did use to distil all kinds of waters, a great part whereof was transported beyond the sea, to your Majesty’s great and yearly benefit. The said apothecaries, without the consent of the said grocers, obtained letters patent, bearing date 6th December, in the 15th year of your reign, whereby the said apothecaries are incorporated and divided from ~ PREFACE. : aie While the apothecaries were only dispensers, this regulation _ could be strictly enforced ; but when they changed into dispensing _ practitioners, and chemists and druggists opened shops under the sanction of the physicians, to supply the place of the old apothe- _ caries for dispensing, and also sold perfumery, dye stuffs, paints, _ &c., this power of examination, when not employed as a means of - yexation, as in Goodwin’s case and some others*, dwindled of ne- yee | ~ roe aes woe _ Gis, * ag 7 ti _ the Company of Grocers ; by colour of which letters patent the apothecaries have appropri to themselves the whole buying and ae of all drugs, and the 7 sole distillation and selling of all waters within the said city, and seven miles thereabout. Which division from the grocers, without their consent, and the t riating of the distillation of the said waters unto the apothecaries, and the ing thereof by them, is against the law, to the impoverishing of many per- _ sons and their families. Your loyal subjects, therefore, humbly pray your Ma- _jesty ey to be pleased to declare the said letters patent to be void, and that the same shall not hereafter be put into execution.” Ita from the pamphlets published on this subject, that the number = of ies in London, and within seven miles thereof, was at this time about 140. The King’s answer to such part of the Commons’ petition as related to the ies, in which he thus retaliates on them: . “ Another grievance of mine is, that you have condemned the patents of _ the apothecaries in London. J myself did devise that corporation, and do allow tt. The grocers who complain of it are but merchants; the mystery of these apothecaries were belonging to apothecaries, wherein the grocers are unskilful ; and therefore I think it fitting they should be a corporation of themselves. They bring home rotten wares from the Indies, Persia, and Greece, and here with eto mixtures make waters, and sell such as belong to ap ies, and think no man must control them, because they are not * es.” + ep eth between the apothecaries and grocers, respecting the dis- tilling selling of spirituous liquors and cordial compounds, were settled in 1639, by the distillers, rectifiers, and compounders being then made a _ separate company. * The following is a history of the cases here referred to, as far as can be _ collected from the pamphlets preserved by Sir Hans Sloane, and now in the British Museum :— __ The Apothecaries Company, soon after the subscription of a joint stock for trade, memorialized the Lord High Admiral, that the surgeons’ chests fitted . by the London chemists were defective and furnished with bad articles : ! the Prince of Denmark, Lord High Admiral, ordered, 30th June, _ 1703, the surgeons of her Majesty’s ships to furnish and provide their chests _ at the Common hall of the Company of Apothecaries, “ the said Company : assured me that they will furnish both good and cheap.” ‘They next endeavoured to obtain the supply of the East India Company, and obtained an order for that purpose ; but the Company appointing a special: committee of members having some knowledge in drugs and medicines to eet their invoices, these were dissatisfied with both quantity and price, and called in two eminent wholesale apothecaries to join in a report to the f er ! eos 2 oe oe 5 1 pon this rebuff, the ecaries Company attempted to condemn ome chests which had been fitted out by fica Ew apothecaries ; but not succe eding, they visited the shop of one of them (Mr. Lawrence), when the xvi PREFACE. cessity into a mere recommendation to use better articles; as the retailer can assert that his customers require the deterioration of the article, being unwilling to give more than a certain owner was absent, and took samples of his goods for examination at the hall. Foreseeing the result, he sent some of his particular friends to the shops of the managers of the Company, to purchase the same articles. On answering to the summons about his medicines, he said, that the samples were not fairly taken from his shop, as the medicines were not finished making, but that he had brought some with him, which he would stand by. He then produced the samples bought out of their own shops, which they immediately condemned. Upon this decision, he offered to bring forward the parties, who were waiting at the door, to swear that these very medi- cines had been bought at their own shops; but they immediately made the matter up. The Company also wished to supply the Royal Household ; but being dis- signet and Mr. Malthus being appointed, they immediately visited his shop, and condemned his medicines. Mr. Goodwin’s case was different: he was a wholesale apothecary, and manufacturing chemist; he also eR poe the Royal African Company with medicines for their forts, after much opposition from the Company of Apo- thecaries. Dr. Shadwell having bought some small articles from him, which were booked, the collecting clerk, at Christmas, inserted the amount in his list, and called several times on the Doctor for the money, which was only a few shillings ; vexed at the trouble given him for such a trifle, the collecting clerk got into a passion, and the Doctor threatened vengeance. Upon which, on the 10th June, 1727, the visiters came to Goodwin’s house at Charing-Cross, during his absence on "Change, and burnt many of his articles in the street ; told a person who came to buy some oleum anisi, that it was not good, nor anything in the shop; and carried off, to justify their proceedings, some emplastrum meliloti, which had been two or three years in Africa, and had come back in a chest brought to be refitted. They then went to another shop of his in Charles-street, Westminster, and condemned the goods there, taking away a chest of articles to be examined. Mr. Goodwin did not sit down quietly under this injurious treatment, but appealed to the law, and recovered, I believe, 600/. damages. It further appears from these pamphlets, that after supplying the East India Company for some years, the Apothecaries Company lost the supply, which was given to Bevin and Company, of Lombard-street, and Johnson of Fen- church-street. Upon which they procured a pamphlet to be written, entitled, “ Frauds detected in Drugs,” of which I have not been able to obtain a sight. This appeal seems to have been successful, for they again obtained the supply of the East India Company, which they still retain, although they have latel lost that of the Navy, in consequence of the discussions, it is said, that too place upon their unsuccessful attempt to procure the supply of the Army also. It is probably on account of this loss, that Mr. Brande, the superintending chemical operator, has published “ The Origin of the various Establishments for conducting Chemical Processes, and other Medicinal Preparations, at Apothecaries’ Hall;” and inserted the. whole in the Quarterly Journal, as being that which is most read among the higher classes of society, of authority in the State. Whether this puff oblique will be as effectual as the former pamphlet, remains to be seen. The pamphlets alluded to are,— : 1. Monopoly made a Property; or, the Navy Surgeon’s Memorial to the _ managing Apothecaries in Black Friars. 1708. 8vo. pp. 76. 2. The Case of James Goodwin, Chymist and Apothecary. 1721. Folio, pp. 4. | ae * PREFACE. Xvi -price—a plea which is much facilitated by the changes in the names of the compositions, so that the articles asked for by retail customers can seldom be legally considered as those now ordered by the college; or that in practising medicine he conceives the alteration to be of advantage to his own patients ; or that they are not designed for medical use, but for some other purpose: hence the present mode of examination is of necessity confined to asking for the articles used by him in dispensing prescriptions; and this admits of an easy evasion, by keeping a small stock of choice articles. This power of exa- mining drugs, &c. being lodged in the Society of Apothecaries, _has also excited much ill will among themselves: for, although the real dispensers have no objection to any examination by the College of Physicians, or would even court it, as being their patrons; yet since some of the apothecaries have subscribed a stock to supply the public with drugs, compounds, and even lately to make up prescriptions, it has been suggested, that it is contrary to the general principles of British legislation, that fellow-tradesmen, and still less the stockholders of a corporation, trading themselves on a common joint stock in any articles, should be constituted examiners of them when kept for sale by others, especially as it has been asserted that there is an inten- tion to oblige all licensed apothecaries to purchase their medicines at the Society’s hall; but this is said to be a meré surmise, the offspring of the opposition with which the late Apothecaries’ Act has been received. The original idea of this Act certainly arose from the ancient and interminable dispute, respecting the comparative merit of a public or private education—or, as applied to medicine, between the methodics, who acquire their knowledge by attending the public schools of medicine, and practise upon the general prin- Giples there promulgated; and_the empirics, who acquire their knowledge at home by the practical instruction of their parent, 4 private master, or solitary study, in every case for a much longer period than any apprenticeship, or course of academical _ study. But the immediate origin of the Act was a meeting ~ J ° %. The Apothecary displayed; or, an Answer to the Apothecary’s Pam- phiet, called Frauds detected in Drugs; wherein his Profession and im- oe Character is truly considered. 1748. 8vo. pp. 48. Extremely well b XVili PREFACE. : convened on the 3rd July, 1812, to consider the high price of glass, in consequence of the duty levied upon it. ‘The trade being thus called together for the redress of one grievance, others were thought on; and. after several meetings, they addressed, on the 5th December, in that year, a letter to the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, and to the Society of Apothecaries, that they conceived it necessary that a fourth privileged body should be established to license practising apo- thecaries and surgeon-apothecaries, and that the apothecary ‘ should possess a legal claim to moderate remuneration for his attendance and professional skill, under such modification as may hereafter be judged necessary.’ As the three medical corporations declined joining in the proposed application to Parliament, the associated apothecaries themselves presented a petition to Parliament, 12th January, 1813, stating that several persons practised without any regular medical education, and that in consequence they could obtain few apprentices; whence they begged leave to introduce a bill, for regulating the practice of apothecaries, surgeon-apothecaries, midwives, and dispensing chemists. ‘This was, in all probability, the first time in which the complaint of being able to obtain few apprentices was ever made to Parliament, although it was common for it to have petitions against masters taking too many apprentices. An unprejudiced observer could not be mistaken in the meaning of this petition to be the enhancing the price of apprentice fees; or in a just esti- mate of the double dealing, in professing one main object in their letter to the old corporations, and another to the Parliament. That the apprentice fees should form so prominent a feature in the grievances of the apothecaries, arises from their being, in most instances, the means of a young apothecary discharging the debt incurred for his stock, &c., on setting up in business; and also forming a considerable part of his profits even when established. In consequence of these high fees, there are not wanting some notorious instances, even in London, of masters, whose principal trade is in apprentices; and as soon as they have received the fee, they use the apprentices so ill, that they are taken away by their friends; or, if this resource is denied them, the unhappy victims of this nefarious practice are at length driven to run away. Accordingly a bill was prepared (as it should seem by Dr., ‘ = a | PREFACE. xix then Mr. Burrowes, who had five hundred guineas presented to | him for his gratuitous services in this affair), providing, that a fourth medical corporation of apothecaries and surgeon-apothe- caries should be formed, the superior officers of which should be ~ chosen by the majority of votes of the practitioners in London and its neighbourhood, with power to appoint subordinate com~ | mittees in the country; that in future no person should practise | _ as an apothecary, surgeon-apothecary, midwife, or dispensing _ druggist, unless they were members of the College of Surgeons, or Society of Apothecaries, without being examined by this body, _ under a penalty for each offence; that apothecaries and surgeon- [eapomecarics should either serve an apprenticeship, or attend some _ accredited school of medicine in England, Scotland, or Ireland, 3 and undergo an examination of their proficiency ; that if they oe ise surgery, they should also take a diploma from the Col- | lege of Surgeons. Besides certain fees for the certificate of this -- all these persons, and even those now practising as _ Nadal oa gu tending body to refuse this liddecs' in case of infamous or behaviour. In consequence of this superintendence, ies and surgeon-apothecaries to claim reasonable charges By - their attendances, visits, and journeys; the penalties for prac- _tising as an apothecary, surgeon-apothecary, midwife, or dispens- ‘ing druggist, to be recoverable by common informers, who were _ to have half the penalty ; that apprentices should also pay a cer- tain sum, part of which should be applied to the giving of lectures at the hall of the corporation. It is a singular instance of the delusion under which the mind often labours, when self-interest is strongly excited, that the associated apothecaries should imagine a bill of this kind to pass without the strongest opposition from all classes, both of the pro- fession and of the public in general. The College of Physicians could not see without jealousy the associated apothecaries placed upon a better footing than themselves, and allowed to sue for their _ attendance, which neither physicians nor surgeons can do,’ The ¥ Pye of Apothecaries regulated their motions by those of the iysicians, yet could not but be jealous of a new corporation, upon a basis of contributions, and usurping their place. The College of Surgeons were apparently to be benefited by this b2 xX PREFACE. Act, which extended their authority over the whole kingdom ; ‘but as the governors are mostly lecturers in the hospitals, these must have been interested against the formation of a rival school; especially as this being connected with the examining body, must naturally have been preferred by the students: while the public could not but be alarmed at the encouragement given to that hateful class, common informers, and the inquisitorial idea of refusing an annual license, on the ground of such an undefinable thing as moral character, by which a person who had spent his life m the profession might have been ruined in his old age, upon some pique taken against him by the committee. Even the country committees could not be well pleased with their great subjection to the London superintending body. In consequence of the opposition experienced in respect to this bill, it was amended, and much art was certainly dis- played in attempting to interest all the opposing parties, except those who were in fact the two parties against which it was originally levelled, namely, the female midwives and the che- mists and druggists*; although, from the language held out - to the public in general, they were led to suppose it was intended azainst advertising quacks and nostrum-mongers. An attempt was made to interest the government in the bill, by offering that the indentures of apprenticeship should have a stamp of 25/. on | them; and if the party had not served an apprenticeship by in- denture, that his certificate of examination should bear the same stamp: a proceeding singularly at variance with the preamble of the bill, which stated, that in the present depressed state of medi- cine, the apothecaries and surgeon-apothecaries could not obtain a sufficient number of apprentices to supply his Majesty’s naval and military services with medical practitioners. And, aware of the influence of the female sex, their interest was attempted to be . * The English apothecaries are desirous of securing to themselves the dispensing of physicians’ prescriptions, as being a very profitable branch of their business, and thus to restrain the chemist and druggist to the retailing of simple articles only. It is singular, that in Paris, although a similar dif- ference between these two branches of the profession exists, yet the circum- stances are entirely reversed. There the chemist and drugzist (apothecaries) complain of the dispensing practitioners (herbalistes) selling the preparations of the Codex, making up prescriptions, and even visiting the sick, which is rigorously forbidden to the French apoticaire; but for which the herbaliste gets a licence, by atiending the schools of medicine, and undergoing an examination. PREFACE. <2 secured by a proposal made in the committee, but not appearing in the bili, that the licensing money should be appropriated to the use of the widows and orphans of medical men. In spite of these manceuvres of the associated apothecaries, it was speedily discovered, that even in this amended state the bill was not likely to pass into an act. They therefore gave notice, that they meant to expunge everything relative to the compound- _ing chemist and druggist, to the erecting of a medical school, or _ to the uniting of the heads of the already constituted medical _ bodies with the superintending body; and, indeed, confined their Views entirely to causing apothecaries and surgeon-apothecaries _ to be examined as to their proficiency, and to obtaining for them a different mode of recompence for their visits and professional _ skill: but not a word about the original object, the procuring of apprentices. Feeling, however, that the hostility against the bill was still too active for them to encounter, the idea of form- ing a fourth medical corporation was given up by the associated apothecaries; but as more than a thousand of the apothecaries had thus agreed to a taxation of their apprentices, and urged the _ Recessity of their attending certain courses of lectures before _ setting up in business, although they had, in signing the inden- _ tures of their own apprentices, covenanted to teach them the _ whole art and mystery of an apothecary ; by which these men proclaimed to the world their own remissness in performing their engagements, the Society of Apothecaries seized the opportunity - of extending their controul from London and its neighbourhood, to one over the whole kingdom, and of raising a revenue for their own members by taxing the apprentices, not only of their own members, but also of all apothecaries, when they should wish to set up in business. Accordingly, a new bill was brought into Parliament by this Society, which, after some opposition, passed on the third reading, by a single vote, at the moment the House was breaking up for the session. This Act, repealing the power of the Society of Apothecaries of examining medicines in shops, houses, cellars, &c., in and about London, substitutes for it the power of examining the Medicines in the “ shop or shops” of apothecaries through Eng- land and Wales, with power of fining the party if the medicines are not found good ; the first time 5/., the second 10/., aud every xxii PREFACE. succeeding offence 20/. It is expressly declared, § 5; to be “ the duty of every person using or exercising the art dnd mys- tery of an apothecary, to prepare with exactness; and to dispense such medicines as may be directed for the sick by any physician lawfully licensed to practise physic ;” and it directs apothecaries refusing to compound, or unlawfully compounding such medi- cines, to be fined upon the*complaint of a physician, the first time 5/., the second 10/., and the third to be rendered incapable of practising “as an apothecary,” unless he promises, and gives sufficient security, not to offend in future. Persons not already in practice on August 1, 1815, to be examined by twelve persons, appointed by the Society of Apotheearies, “ to ascertain the skill and abilities of such person or persons in the science and practice of medicine, and his or their fitness and qualifi- cation to practise as an apothecary:” who are ‘‘ empowered either to reject such person, or to grant a certificate of his. qualification.” None to be allowed but those who are twenty- one years old, who have served an apprenticeship of not less than five years to an apothecary, and who shall produce testi- monials of a sufficient medical education and of good moral conduct. Assistants who have not served a five years apprentice- ship to be examined either by the Society, or by apothecaries to be appointed in each county for that purpose, Each apothe- cary to pay 10/. 10s. for a licence for London and ten miles round, or 6/. 6s. for a country licence, and 4/. 4s. in addition, if he moves to London, and each assistant 2/. 2s. Apothecaries acting without licence to forfeit 201 for each offence, and assists ants 5/., and not to recover charges in any court of law, unless it is first proved on the trial that he is duly licensed, or was in practice before August 1, 1815. If the examiners refuse a licence to a person, he may apply again in not less than six months for an apothecary’s licence, or three months for an assistant’s; and ‘if on such re-examination hé” appears “ to be properly qualified,” the examiners to grant a licence. (No mention is made of rejection on this re-examination, nor of any other than this second application.) A list to be published annually of those licensed in that preceding year, with their re- spective residences, This part of the Act has not been complied with, nor indeed would it afford much information, as the resi- ~ PREFACE. xxiii dence of the parties examined is most commonly a temporary lodging near the hospital at which they attend. The money for licences to belong to the Society of Apothecaries; but the pe- nalties for offences to be given, half to the informers and half to the Society. Penalties above 5/. recoverable by action, in the name of the master, &c., of the Society, in any court of record ; and under 5/. by distress, by warrant from any justice of the peace; and if not sufficient distress, the person to be impri- soned without bail for a time not exceeding a calendar month. (How a penalty of exactly 5/. is to be recovered does not appear on the Act.) Not to prejudice or in any way affect the trade _ or business of a chemist and druggist in the buying, preparing, Saal 7 compounding, dispensing, and vending drugs, medicines, and medicinal compounds, wholesale and retail; but all persons * using and exercising the same trade or business, shall and may use, exercise, and carry on the same trade and business im such manner as fully and amply, to all intents and purposes, as the same trade or business was used, exercised, or carried on by _ chemists and druggists before the passing of this Act.” The rights and privileges of the Universities, and the Colleges of _ Physicians and of Surgeons, and the Society of Apothecaries, _ are fully reserved; and all actions limited to six months next after the fact committed, or the ceasing thereof if there was a ae The associated Apothecaries and Surgeon-apothecaries did not oppose this bill; yet they objected strongly, and still object, to the clause which obliges a licensed apothecary to compound faith- fully the prescriptions of physicians, as keeping them still in the rank of tradesmen, by obliging them to be sellers of medicines, whether they would or not. This Act has had the singular fortane of being violently op- posed, as insufficient, by those who were its original promoters, of being esteemed as a burden by many of those whom it was meant to benefit, and of being looked upon with indifference, by those against whom it was intended to act, since the Act was altered and restricted to those who “ practise as apothecaries,” with an express declaration that it did not extend to the che- _ mists and druggists, whose shops are in general confounded with those of the apothecaries, and whose business differs no other- XxXiv ‘PREFACE. » wise than that, with the dispensing physician, or modern apothe- cary, medical practice is the principal object, retail and dis- pensing the secondary; while, with the chemist and druggist, or old apothecary, retail and dispensing are the principal, and medical practice, mostly confined to the counter or to a few personal acquaintance, the secondary; @ fortiori, the midwives, herbalists, cuppers, barbers, electricians, galvanisers, dentists, -farriers, veterinary surgeons, village wisemen, and cow-leeches, are left in full possession of their ancient practice, and may be employed by those who place confidence in them, as they cannot be confounded with apothecaries, though the chemist and druggist may. The originators of the Bill were displeased with the supposed ambiguity of the words “ to practise as an apothecary.” It is true that it took one hundred and fifty years of litigation, to determine the meaning of the phrase ‘ to practise physic,” as used in the statute of 15 Henry VIII. For the Court of King’s Bench always adjudged, that this expression did not allow a seller or dispenser of medicines, that is to say, an apothecary, to give his advice to sick persons, as to what medicines it might be advantageous for them to take; and even went so far as to give verdicts, at the instance of the College of Physicians, against persons for selling articles accompanied with a printed description of their virtues, as coming within the legal meaning of this phrase. Yet, when in the case of the King v. Rose, an apothe- _ cary, for practising physic by selling a patient such medicine as he judged proper for his disorder, a more determined stand was made, and the matter carried into the House of Lords, as the dernier resort of law, they determined the matter in favour of the sellers of medicine; and this decision is the authority by which all dispensing practitioners now practise physic, as sellers only of medicines. Whether “ to practise as an apothecary” will take as long to determine, must be left to time. The ques- tion will probably remain in this undetermined state, until the parties whom the Society of Apothecaries, or rather their neigh- bours who are licentiates of that society, prosecute for practising as apothecaries, although they disclaim that title, shall unite for their mutual defence, and follow the example set by the apothe- caries themselves in 1721, by an appeal to the definitive sentence ~ PREFACE. Xx¥ of the House of Lords, whether all dealers in medicines have not the same right to recommend the use of them to purchasers, and te go to their houses to receive orders, in the same manner as the dealers in other commodities. It were to be wished that the Barbers’ Company of London would form a point of union for those practitioners to whom it is inconvenient to apply to-the Society of Apothecaries for a licence. The use of the licence of the College of Physicians iba cer- tainly to assure the public that if a patient should send for a licentiate, who is not known to him or his friends, there is a moral probability that this person, practising under the title of a physician, will be found deserving of their confidence; so it should seem that the object of the Apothecaries Act is certainly to give the public a similar assurance, that a person who exer- cises the medical profession under the title of an apothecary, has gone through a certain routine of education, and may therefore be reasonably judged capable of performing what is required from him in that profession; whereas, in committing themselves to the care of those who practise under other titles, patients do it at their own peril, and are guarded only by the general respon- sibility of all practitioners to the common law of the land, which gives damages to those injured through their gross neglect. As the privileges of the College of Physicians do not hinder apothe- caries, according to the above decision of the House of Lords, from practising under a different title, in order that the public may not mistake the proper rank of the practitioner, so it seems probable, especially since the repeated rejection of the Surgeons’ Bill, that although the courts of law, sticking to the letter and neglecting the spirit of the law, may grant verdicts in many cases against retailers who have incautiously visited sick persons, the legislature neither does nor will become a party to establish a medical monopoly throughout the country, but intends to leave the practice of medicine and surgery open to free and honourable competition, only preventing persons from practising under the cover of titles by which they are liable to. be confounded with others who have gone through a certain course of study. Indeed, the obliging persons who have a strong natural genius for medi- cine to transport themselves to some foreign clime, because the poverty or waywardness of their parents prevented them from \ XXVi PREFACE. being brought up in the profession, would deprive the country of many ingenious persons; since the history of medicine, like that of other arts, exhibits instances of persons, as Sydenham, Boerhaave, and others, who were originally bred in other pro- fessions, and some, as Thomas Willis, and Verheyen, in the most humble, who have yet proved the ornaments of the medical faculty, and gradually attained to its highest honours. Many apothecaries themselves are averse to the provisions of this Act, considering some of them as hardships, and are more- over apprehensive of the consequences that may arise from these burdens. For the restraint laid upon that mode of practising physic, which is most advantageous to both the public and the practitioner himself, namely, as a physician, inasmuch as his prescriptions are open to investigation, by the College requiring the party to have been educated for a certain time at some par- ticular schools, has eventually and gradually led to the prevalence of a different state of medical practice, by obliging those persons, who had net been educated in the prescribed manner, to evade the restraints, and, however desirous of joining the College, to become the rivals of the physicians ; while the mode of evasion, by imposing on these persons a commercial character, has led to their giving credit for the medicines they supply, and thus procured for them a preference amongst the middling classes. Hence, it is supposed, there is some danger, lest the operation of the burdens imposed by this Act should throw the present business of the apothecaries into other channels, as the cuppers, who already begin to increase in number, or the chemists and druggists. The first hardship complained of is that which obliges all country apothecaries, from even the smallest villages, after their apprenticeship is expired, to go up to London, and stop there for six months and upwards, which is a heavy expense, totally out of the power of many, and in some cases attended with the hazard of another practitioner settling, during their absence, in the place: hence these must of necessity evade the Act by setting up as surgeons, or as chemists and druggists, trusting to the confidence their friends and acquaintance may repose in them ; and thus, as their apprentices cannot in either case be received as apothecaries, the number of the profession is gradually lessened, PREFACE. Xxvil and that of its rivals increased. In this respect the Act goes beyond the 5th of Elizabeth, which only required the me- chanics of corporation and market towns to serve an appren- ticeship, but left the villages free from this restriction. ‘The experience of two centuries has shown the impolicy of this Act, in the decay; or at least the stunted prosperity, of the towns subject to this law, and the rapid progress of Manchester, and many other villages, in consequence of their being free for the exértion of genius in whatever line a person chooses to employ himself, and in the improvement made in the manufactures of those places, by allowing the free competition of all. It is, therefore, singular that so many members of a profession justly esteemed liberal, and from whom we might, therefore, expect - a correspondent liberality of sentiment, with these examples before their eyes, should have been so blinded by the interested measures of a few artful leaders, as to lend their support to the application of this Act, in less than thirteen months after the mechanies had procured (18th July, 1814) a repeal of the apprentice law of Elizabeth, except so far as regards the city of London, or the bye-laws of those corporations, or companies, who may choose to impose those fetters on their own freemen. Tt must be allowed; that the original bill, proposed by the asso- ciated apothecaries, was more liberal in this one respect ; for it allowed persons to apply for a certificate who produced either their indentures of apprenticeship; or testimonials of a regular medical education, or of proper attendance in some accredited school of medicine ; whereas the present Act positively requires an apprenticeship of not less than five years to an apothecary, and thus goes beyond the education required by the College for a physician, which is only two years’ study in the university in which they take their degree. This evidently shows that it is not the public good of obliging apothecaries to have undergone a certain course of studies previous to practising, but the private good of securing apprentice fees, as stated by the associated apothecaries in their original letter. It seems also necessary that the apprenticeship should be served in England or Wales. It is also considered as an aggravation of this hardship, that although a person, after serving a regular apprenticeship of five, or even eight years, may have also practised as a visiting assis- XXVili ; PREFACE. tant for years, to the satisfaction of the patients of his master, yet he is prevented from even offering himself for examination, previous to setting up in business for himself, without pursuing, at a great expense, a second course of study, certainly of an inferior nature to apprenticeship when the master does his duty ; since no one can suppose that much can be learned by a few hours’ attendance on the most celebrated lectures in London, especially as the necessary attention to pecuniary matters obliges the pupils to hurry from one lecture to another, without first digesting what they have just heard. As to the examination itself, although no person, intending to set up in business, ought to object to this test of his abilities, if fairly conducted, without any private predilection to the inte- rest of particular teachers, by favouring their scholars, and endeavouring to remand those of other teachers ; yet it is alleged that, however advantageous examinations may be in_ public schools, to create an artificial interest among young men of property, who have no other stimulus to excite their exertions; or however proper it may be for the superior medical officers of the military and naval services, to examine the qualifications of those seeking medical or surgical employment in those depart- ments, or even the examination of candidates for the fellowship or licence of the College of Physicians, or for becoming a member of the College of Surgeons, considering these as honorary testi- monies of superior abilities and education to the ordinary practi- tioners ; yet the examination of an apprentice in favour of the public is a novel measure and useless, since he has the stimulus. of profit to lead him to perfect himself in his art. It is, indeed, true that similar examinations take place in other countries, but they are in favour of the apprentice against his late master; if the apprentice be not found competent, the master is fined so much as the wardens of the trade think it reasonable he should give to another master to be fully instructed. May it not admit of some doubt, whether the covenant to instruct the apprentice fully in the mystery of his business, does not enable a person, remanded for insufficiency, to recover by law, from his former ‘master, the expenses incurred by such rejection, for deficient instruction in his art? It is also objected to this Act, that the monies levied from the PREFACE xxix licentiates is not applied to any public use, as was intended by the associated apothecaries, but that it is taken to the use of a. private London society. It has been answered, that this society keep a botanic garden, have botantic excursions and demonstra- tions, and even lectures on materia medica; but these are not open, either to the licentiates or their apprentices, being confined to the apprentices of the members of the society. However much the totally unprecedented extension of the Apothecaries’ Act to villages may be deprecated by every liberal- minded person, it is certain that this Act, by the Society of Apothecaries rendering the examination as eflicient as the time will allow, and making it necessary that three of the examiners should sign the certificate, or seven of them vote for the person under examination being remanded, has already had the effect of obliging a few careless youths to be more attentive to their studies than heretofore, through the fear of being remanded. The prevailing error, and which is fostered by this Act, is to consider the mere passing of the examination as the great object to be obtained, rather than the acquirement of that general knowledge; without which an apothecary cannot perform the duties of his profession with honour to himself, and with benefit to his patients. Some teachers of medicine, knowing the im- portance attached by students to passing examination at the Hail, undertake to cram their pupils for an additional hour daily, under the name of examination; and so much does the taste for this parrot-like instruction prevail, that the majority of pupils would rather absent themselves from any other, or even all their other pursuits, than be absent from this mock examination by these grinders. Whether the public will be ultimately benefited by these attempted restrictions upon medical practice, is even already doubtful. The licensed practitioners, it appears from the public papers, presuming upon their freedom from competition, often refuse to give medical assistance to the poor in accidents, until their remuneration is guaranteed to them: they have even taken the opinion of counsel, whether they might not disobey, unless their expenses are tendered them, the coroner’s warrant to give their evidence in cases of murder, &c. although all other persons, of whatever rank, are obliged to attend, as a personal duty owing xi. PREFACE. to the state; and they have further proposed, that the bodies of the poor who die friendless, or of unknown travellers dying on their journey, shall be delivered to them for dissection. This last proposal is a nefarious one, in a country where dissection forms a part of the criminal law, as a punishment for the most heinous crimes; and which is thus to be inflicted upon innocent persons, provided they are friendless in the place where they happen to die. ‘The first object of anatomists should be, to get this punishment set aside, as the greatest obstacle in the way ; and then, as to the supply of subjects, the practice of the Ger- man and Swedish Universities, in carrying the bodies of the professors and servants of the University to the anatomical theatre for inspection before burial, is the most rational, and might be extended to the whole medical faculty, their wives, and children under age and unmarried, by an Act ordering their bodies to be carried to the nearest hospital, or the senior sur- geon of the hundred, &c. for dissection. If the medical faculty set the example, by soliciting an act to this effect, and thus showing that they do not ask to treat the bodies of others any otherwise than they are willing their own corpse and those of their families should be treated, after the performance of funeral rites over them, there can be little doubt, but that the friends of other deceased persons would, in a very short time, allow the examination of the bodies, or even sell them for complete dissec- tion. ‘Thus those who are benefited by the practice of dissection _ would alene be forced to contribute their bedies to this purpose, and not the poor and friendless. If the supply thus obtained was not sufficient, the bodies of the beneficed clergy, and of the holders of offices under government, with those of their wives and children, would surely suffice ; and the tacking this condition to the acceptance of these charges and offices in future, would injure none. _ As to the forcible suppression of home-bred, or even unlearned empirics altogether, the trouble and expenses of a law-suit, and the obloquy that attends those who attempt to deprive a man of the fruits of his industry and skill, through the want of technical formalities, are so great, that it is only the strong stimulus of personal enmity, or a feeling that the licentiate’s interest is deeply involved in getting rid of a popular neighbour, that PREFACE. xxxi - would occasion prosecution. The grossest ignorance and real unskilfulness, therefore, escapes when clothed in the garb of poverty, and especially considering the facility with which the poor slip from the fangs of the law, by changing their residence, as it would never be worth while in such case to hunt them out, even if it were possible. Hence it is only the active and intelli- gent practitioner, like Sutton the inoculator, that is likely to be _ prosecuted, because by such as him alone can the neighbouring licentiates be seriously injured. In this respect, the present Act is far preferable to that con- templated by the associated apothecaries: namely, that it does not make the practising as an apothecary unlicensed a publie crime; but by directing the prosecution to be carried on in the name of the Master, &c. of the Society, moderates the extreme severity of the penalties, which have been adopted from the former Bill, of 20/7. for each separate act of practising as an apo- _thecary, which may bring it to several hundred pounds a day; whereas, the penalty for practising as a physician, even in Lon- _ don, is only 52. a month, and practising for less time than a shtinth i is not cognizable by the College. Indeed, the Society of __ Apothecaries seem so sensible that a jury would never find a _ verdict to the full amount, that in all the prosecutions hitherto undertaken, they have constantly declared for one penalty only ; and they are charged by their licentiates, and particularly by those in the country, with not sufficiently securing to them, by prosecutions, the monopoly of the practice in their neighbour- hoods. But the Society appears to be perfectly aware that the want of success in any one lawsuit, or even the expenses of many, although they were successful in all of them, would outweigh any possible benefit which could arise from a rigid exercise of — their power, and the instant prosecution of all unlicensed prac- titioners; which, by creating a great sensation in the country, would probably lead to a repeal of the Act itself, which was procured with such difficulty, and deprive the Society of the profits they now derive from it. Moreover, as to the real justice of attempting the forcible sup- pression of empirics, or home-bred practitioners, however morti- fying it must be to the pride of the philosopher, or the intense labours of the scholar, truth will oblige the historian of the prac- XXXii PREFACE. . tice of medicine to confess, with a sigh over the vanity of human learning, that our choicest remedies, and our most approved modes of cure, are generally, if not universally, derived from empirics, and those the most unlearned; and that, however the methodics, or school-bred practitioners, have laboured to explain the modes of action, and the reasons for the effects pro- duced, they have done little or nothing towards the improvement of the practice. It must be owned, indeed, that it is not a little mortifying to a practitioner educated in the best medical schools, to see himself cast off for the advice of an empiric, especially as this rejection is not confined to the soldier or the ploughman, but happens even in the palace, where although on the first accession of dis-_ ease the school-bred methodic, who practices in a general way, is consulted; yet, if the disease proves tedious, the confidence of the patient is shaken, the school-bred attendant is dismissed, and the patient throws himself into the power of some home- bred empiric, of known experience in the medical art, although, in other respects, perhaps the rudest and most ignorant of his neighbours, whose medicines are taken and his directions followed with that implicit obedience and faith, which had they been given in the first instance to the original practitioner might have had the desired success. | And it may be finally remarked, that the home-bred practi- tioner, although he is frequently ignorant, notwithstanding his - thirst for knowledge, because his poverty obliges him to content himself with any old medical books that may accidentally fall in his way, yet he is not the enemy of the school-bred practitioner, and in general a paltry rival, because he scarcely practises, except in remote villages, or upon the poor, who cannot afford the attendance of a regular-bred man, or in chronic cases which have been previously treated by the school-bred practitioner until the patience of the sick is exhausted. The real enemies of the fair practitioner are those persons who, impelled by a commercial rather than a philosophic spirit, become nostrum-mongers, and frequently in defiance of their better knowledge, recommend, in pompceus terms, some inert or dangerous medicine to the notice of the sick, and thus encourage them to practise upon themselves. A practice of the most PREFACE. | Xxxiii hazardous kind; to which, indeed, the rashest trials of the most ignorant village empiric, who derives the whole of his book- learning from a well-thumbed copy of some old black-letter herbal, are comparatively safe; since, in the latter case, there is some chance that his own experience may enable him to perceive his error in time to retrieve it, and at the worst a salutary caution would be inculcated, and a repetition of the trial avoided. — The true method of combating the enemies of the fair practi- tioner, is not by soliciting harsh penal laws against practitioners who have studied at certain schools, or who have not been ap- prenticed to medicine by their parents. For as the sick, disre- garding the existing jealousies between the several ranks of the medical profession, will solicit the advice of those persons _in whose knowledge they place confidence, the attempt only leads both practitioners and patients to invent modes of evasion, and widens the breach between the different branches of the profession. If we reflect upon the existence of smuggling in spite of the whole power of government arrayed against it, and _ the great rewards offered to discover offenders, we shall be con- _ yineed that no legal restraints, however strictly worded, can _ forcibly restrain the practice of medicine to any set of monopo- lists, as long as both patients and unlicensed practitioners have a common interest to elude them: while the attempt only pro- duces irritation on both sides, and prevents persons, having a common study and interest, from meeting in good fellowship together, and is thus highly derogatory to that enlargement of mind which ought to distinguish the members of a scientific profession. ‘The right mode is, surely, to rest content with securing their proper distinctions to those who have gone through the trouble and expense of obtaining them, and on the other hand, bestowing these honorary distinctions only on those that merit them; but leaving the sick and their friends perfectly at liberty to search for relief wherever they think it most likely to be found—thus creating an honourable competition and rivalry, instead of that continual bickering which at present pervades the _ different branches of the medical profession; as they may be _ well assured that the mass of mankind are not so blind as to be _ineapable of judging in a matter that so nearly concerns them as their health, or so inattentive to their own interest, as not to Cc SA RSE tee cL Xxxiv PREFACE. prefer those practitioners whose greater success in practice shall attest their superior skill; while the attempt to establish a monopoly, if we may speak the truth, only tends to render those - licentiates, who thus procure the prosecution of their home-bred neighbours, to be suspected of real ignorance, and afraid of the ~ collision of open and fair competition. ‘| i WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Mepicines, except a few hereafter mentioned, were formerly sold, and the prescriptions of physicians made up, by the common English — weight, called Avoirdupois. The ounce of that weight being then, as appears by all the old authors on arithmetic, subdivided into 8 drams, 24 scruples, and 480 English grains ; the medical pound differing from the common by its containing only twelve ounces, while the Troy | ce had for its fractions pennyweights and Troy grains. The Col- f les of Physicians having at length, in the 1720 edition of the Phar- _ macopeeia, ordered the drams, scruples, and grains to be adjusted to the Troy ounce, hence, as the dispensers of medicines were the only persons who used these small weights, those adjusted to the Avoirdu- pois ounce went out of use, and were no longer made, and the quarter ounce was the smallest Avoidupois weight in common use, as it still continues ; but as the Italian rotolo for raw silk has been adjusted to _ the Avoirdupois weight, and made 24 ounces a pound; a smaller _ weight, the Spanish adarme, equal to the 16th part of the Avoir- dupois ounce, was used under the name of a dram, for weighing silk, ; this has now become an established fraction of this ounce, but it ___ is seareely used by any other persons than haberdashers, and for all ___ weights less than the quarter of an ounce Troy, Apothecaries’ weights are employed, although, as the Avoirdupois pound is established by statute at 7000 Troy grains, the quarter ounce containing 109 gr. _ 875, and the dram 27 gr, 34375, are most inconvenient numbers for reduction. TABLE OF AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. : Commercial Fractions, Troy Grains. Decimal Fractions. - lpound . ; - 7000. ; ‘ - 1.0000 Mbouncess . . . #656250 2. . « 0.9875 4 s,, ‘ , . 6125.00 . . . - 0.8750 ’ 4 - .6687.50 . a . 0.8125 a. x or?po .. 525000 . ; « 0.7500 ; - 4812.50 . ; . 0.6875 {ar . - 4375.00 . . . 0,6250 ; . - 3937.50 . F » 0.5625 » oOrtpo . 350000 . . . 90,5000 : > - 8062.50 . . . 0.4375 ps ; ; - 2625.00 . : - 0.3750 ie ‘ ; - 2187.50 . : - 0.3125 mm apo .. 175000 . .. . 0.2600 Ps P : a! hae” 4 : . 0.1875 ‘ , Panes (2 | ee ; . 0.1250 ‘ F - 438750 | } . 0.0625 = 1.0000 drams . - - 41016 . , . 0.0586 = 0.9375 ont. - ) S62.81.. . - « @0647 = 0.8750 . ’ . @oOO47 .« ~ « 00508 = 0,8125 c2 pe WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Commercial Fractions. ~ Troy Grains. Decimgal Fractions. 12 drams, or ? 0z. ~ Re hate tp ; . 0.0469 = 0.7500 eS S008 ee = O.O8ED 10, 2 dae . 27344 . ; . 0.0391 = 0.6250 Rest 55 + ai . 246.09 . . . 0.0352 = 0.5625 cess Sends at + Oe ie APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT. A few choice articles of the Materia Medica, as lapis bezoar, seed pearl, white amber, balm of Mecca, oil of cinnamon, and some elec- taries, high in popular estimation, and imported from Italy, as. Venice treacle and orvietan, were always weighed by the Troy ounce, and its subdivisions into pennyweights and grains, and still pay duties at the Custom-house by that weight, as may be seen in the Book of. Rates. But it was not until the directions given in the London Pharmacopeeia, edition of 1720, that the Troy ounce was divided into the same frac- tions of drams, scruples, and grains as the Avoirdupois, for the pur- pose of dispensing all such drugs as were ordered by weight. This alteration must have been, and is still, productive of very great confu- sion, by obliging the same person to have two sets of weights—one for buying and selling, the other for preparing the officinal preparations and compounds, and for making up prescriptions. It does not clearly appear why this alteration was made in respect ony to drugs ordered by weight, by which their proportion in the officinal preparations and compositions was increased 1-10th ; as the Avoirdupois ounce, with its old divisions into 2 drams, and drops, 60 of which were presumed equal to the dram, was, and is still retained, in respect to drugs that are dispensed by measure. TABLE OF APOTHECARIES WEIGHT, 0.0019 = 0.0313 9 mre, orags. . 218.75... : . 0.0313 = 0.5000 ES , ; cf ak ak Ce . 0.0273 = 0,4375 pan ; : CS hE OaOO ; . 0.0234 = 0.3750 ay: on ; ; os Oger is ; . . 0.0195 = 0.3125 ea. 4, Oris OZ... . 100.50’. ; . 0.0156 = 0.2500 oes . . ; 82.03. . 0.0117 = 0.1875 i ia : : 54.69 : . 0.0078 = 0.1250 Saas é é ; 27.34. ; . . 0.0039 = 0.0625 3 Usual Fractions. Troy Grains. - Decimal Fractions. ] pound ‘ * 5760 : : ; 1.0000 11 ounces ; : 5280 ‘ : . 0.9167 1 ag ee ‘ ‘ 4800. : $Sce Re 0.8333 Bic eee ae 4320 —xj g , 0.7500 esc aroe AL A . 3840 : ; ‘ 0.6667 ° A ‘ . 3360. é or ee 0.5833 Coy sae ih 2880 : ‘ - 0.5000 eee ‘ x 2400 ‘ ° ‘ 0.4167 4 ,, : . 1920 ; : "e 0.3333 ee) 55° or AID. 3 1440 : vee ee 0.2500 Rikki . . 960 ; . . 0.1667 ~ ae wes 480. jude... 0.0833 =.1,0000 " : = 07850 ‘drams ‘ 20 Pats 3 ; 0.0729 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. XXXVii Usual Fractions. Troy Grains. + Decimal Fractions. (eg ‘ ; 360 = ‘ : 0.0625 = 0.7500 7 a ; : 300 : ; ‘ 0.0521 = 0.6250, 4 ,, or }ounce 240 : ; .° 00417 = 0.5000 ea , : 180 ‘ ; : 0.0315 = 0.3750 Biii-s ‘ F 120 d . ; 0.0208 = 0.2500 | CRIB ‘ ‘ 60 . , ; 0.0104 = 0.1250 2 scruples f SOc ee. O0UTG ‘= Aas 3 dram ‘ ; 30 . : ; 0.0052 =, 0.0625 scruple . 20 ; : : 0.0035 = 0.0416 ae ‘ ; SS ae ; j 0.0017 = 0.0212 Bi Fees, - oT 00008 l= O.0I96 (biden etre . . 0.0005 = 0.0062 2 ioe. +. £)9:0,0003 = 0.0041 ] ; . 0.0002 = 0.0021 As apothecaries or chemists seldom keep Troy weight beyond 4 or & ounces, the relation between the Apothecary or Troy pounds and ounces and the common weight, is often required in preparing the offi- cinal preparations, and is here given ; the quarter ounce being used tad of the Avoirdupois dram, as the latter weight is seldom or never kept by chemists or dispensers. hin or : Troy or : : Pounds. Ib. Ny gpa ganar AG 6z. an 100 = 82 4 2 31.250 GS =-4 1, 38 7» 348 50 = 41 2 1 15.625 os BY 7 > de 30 = 2410 3 96.875 2 = bi 30. -fe See 20 = 16 7 1 28.125 1= 13 @ 72.500 1i0= 8 3 2 68.749 Apothecary Avoirdupois. Apothecary Avoirdupois. Weight. oz. ar. grains. Weight. oz. qr. grains. ix = 9 3 54.875 3j = 1 0 42.500 vj,orlbss = 6 2 36.250 3iv,or%ss = 2 21.250 iij = 3 1 18.125 3ij = 1 10,625 ij = 2 0 85.000 Although the quarter ounce is only 109 grains 375, it will be conve-~ nient, in adding two or more of these reductions together, to take the even 110 grains as its value. ' The Scotch pound trone is equal to 9600 grains Scotch Troy weight, or 527 gr. English 925: the. h Dutch Troy pound is equal to 7680 Scotch grains, or 7620 gr. 8: both pounds'gre divided into 16 ounces, the ounce Dutch equal to 476gr. Engl. 3. Besides the regular weights, articles are sometimes weight of seeds or kernels, as the weight of a nutmeg, o black pepper-corns. In India they use the paddy weight, the grains of rough rice, each of which is equal to about 2- ah the gulivindum weight, or that of a jumble bead, equal to about grain 5-16ths; the retti weight, equal to about 2 grains 3-16ths. Gold coins are sometimes used, as the gold fanam weight, equal to 8 grains; the star pagoda weight, equal to about 84 etme: xxxvili WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, FRENCH WEIGHTS. Before the Revolution there was only one pile of weights in common use: in endeavouring to introduce one upon philosophical principles, there are now no less than four. The old French Poids de Marc, established by Charlemagne. Avoirdupois. French Weight. Troy Grains. beings dr. grains, 1 livre, poids de marc . = 7501000 = £71. .4.. T3185 1 livre, poids de médicine = 5670.750 = 12 15 10.594 1 marc, or 8 ounces = 3780.500 = 8 10 7.062 4 ounces = 1890.250 = a Obie 2 ounces = 945.125 = 2 2 15.438 lounce . : = 472.562 = Repstkcre 9417 6 gros or dragmes = 344421 = 12 16.296 4 ounce, or 4 gros = 236.281 = 8 17.531 gros - = 118.140 = t 8.765 Ps, seks = 59070 = 2 4383 4 ,, or 36 grains = .. 20:6386 = 1 2.192 4 5 or l8 grains . : tL. Je ‘12 grains = 9.843 ee - 4.922 APA + 2.461 1 ea . $s 1.640 1 grain = 0.820 The Revolutionists, misled by the apparent facility of a decimal scale, introduced the metrical system in 1795. Oy Old French Weight. Avoirdupois. Metrical Weights. Ib. OZ. gros. gF Ib. oz. dr. grains. 1 myriogramme. . 20 6 6 63.500 . . 22 1 0 9.450 1 kilogramme, or kilo 2 0 5 35.150 . . 2 3 4 29,195 1 hectogramme ° 3 Oreo. o 8 (9.152 1 decagramme . 2 44.270 .., 5 17.721 1 gramme , “ ity. | a 15,444 ldecigramme .. | Sree 1,544 1 centigramme . ta. 0.180 . , 0.154 ' 1 milligramme , . 0.018 _ avs 0.015 A metrical quintal is 10 myriogrammes. _ Amillier is 1000 kilos. The academicians complain much that the great government depart ments of the navy and artillery have never adopted this weight, not eonsidering the great expense that it would occasion to recast all the artillery and balls. The faculty of medicine at Paris, in translating their Codex Medica- mentorum, or Pharmacopceia, into this new system of weights, did not esteem it necessary to use the exact reduction, but adopted a “system of round numbers, and in some parts quoted both the old and | WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, xxie the new weights, that the preparers might use either: thus a third system of weights was established. . Exact Metrical Round Numbers of the _ Old French Weight. Weight. Grammes. Codex. Grammes, eee sa 8 DPOOD 5200.5 « 1000. bike. le (489.51 ; . 500. _ 6 TOE gE 250. ounces . : 122.376 , ; 128. 2 — : ? 61.188 . . 64, lounce . : 30.594 ., : 32. on : ; 15.297. - 16. gros ; r 7.6485 . ; 8. i — ; : 3.82 : ‘ 4, 36 grains . . RPE. BY 2. 20° — ds Na 1D aa a i; 10 — ; : 0.531. é 0.5 2 — ; F Gitee 7: 0.1 Sie 8 Se QogBE 0.05 eae 0-0265 0.0 em the same as are used by all other “~— oned ; but instead of revert- Metrical Weight. Avoirdupois. “ New French Weight. Grammes. lb. oz. dr. grains, | we 2 -" = 600. a” } ae 10: TO Ib. -. = 250. = 8 13. 5.03 + lb., or 4 oz ob = 4 6 1618 02. ; = G25 a 2-3 809 ae : = “SL = te Bae fh 4 0Z., OF 4d gros = 15.625 = 8 22.52 2 gros .- = 7.812 = 4 11.26 1 gros. = 3.906 = 2 5.63 Pa gros - = 1.9021 = 1 2.81 + I grain = 0.0542 = 0.90 a, The franc piece of silver, with 1-10th of copper, weighs 5 grarames. ___ The sous of copper also weighs 5 grammes. + The confusion thus introduced by continual alterations may be easily \ onceived. The same confusion exists even in their linear measures, ‘so that persons are obliged to carry a triangular rule, containing on _ one side the old royal foot equal to 12 inches .792 English, with its J lines, and points; on a second, the decimetres centimetres of __ the metrical system ; and on the third, the new foot of 1812, being the _ third part of the metre, and equal to 13 inches .123 English. xl. - WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. ENGLISH MEASURES. In the old editions of the London Pharmacopeeia, the liquids were compounded by Avoirdupois weight ; and the following terms were used for expressing a determinate number of ounces. The Cyathus, or Cup ; ‘ for 13 oz. Hemina, or Cotyle . <<. —- “9 — Libra, or pint . ; ; — 12— Sextarius, or 1-6th of a Congius—- 18 — Congius, or Gallon. - — 108 — In 1720, when the Pharmacopeeia was improved by Sir Hans Sloane and Dr. Quincy, the liquids were ordered by measure, and the gallon adopted by the London College was that just enacted for wine and spirituous liquors, containing 231 cubic inches, divided into 8 pints ; they divided the pint which holds 16 Avoirdupois ounces, 10 drachms, 17 grains of water, into 16 ounces, and these into 8 drachms. Smaller quantities were ordered by drops, supposed to be equal to grains ; but now the drachm measure is divided into 60 minims, and graduated tubes used to measure them, so that the old divisions of the Avoirdu- pois ounce were, and are still, retained in respect to liquids. Aériform fluids are measured by cubic inches. The relation between wine measure, with the College divisions, and cubic inches, is thus expressed. Wine and Medical Cubic 1000th , Wine and Medical Cubic 1000th Measure. inches. parts. | -Measure. inches. parts. 10 gallons - 2310.000 | 2drachms_ . : 0.451 5 — ., ; - 1155000; 1 — , > 0.225 ie sis il . 693.000 4 drachm, or 30 minims 0.112 Bo i, i. | + 462,000 | 2) minims . . 0,074 1 —*., , - 231.000! 10 — |. . ; 0.037 $gallon,or4 pints. 115.500) 5 — . , 0.018 2 pints . : . 57.750 | 3. -— , : 0.011 ae aS ae f 28.875 | 2 — As 3 rd 2 pint, or 12 oz. me- ll — ' . Q, hed measure 21.6% — 4 pint, or 8 oz. : 14.437 | Scotch gill ; . 6.462 4 pint, or 4 oz. 7.218 mutchken . 25.85 2 0B.) °}-: , 5 3.609 choppen . . 51.7 yt aes ; : 1.804 pint ; - 1034 6drachms <. ; 1.353 quart . . 2068 4 —. 2 . 0.902 gallon . 2 82728 The Scotch pint is equal to 41 oz. trone of Tay water, or 55 oz. Troy of Leith water: specific gravity of Tay water 100, of Leith water 103. Ale and beer measure is seldom mentioned by medical or chemical writers : the gallon contains 282 cubic inches ; 32 gallons are a London barrel of ale, 34 a country barrel of either ale or beer, and 36 a Lontlon barrel of beer. Nor is dry measure often used ; the Winchester bushel, of 8 gallons, measures 2150 cubic inches .4, or 1 cubic foot 622, and the quarter 8 bushels. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. xi The imperial gallon, lately added to the others in use, is established. by the weight of distilled water it will hold at 62 deg. Fahr., the baro- meter standing at 30 inches. * | The gallon is to hold 10 Avoird. pounds of water, and must conse- quently measure 277 cubic inches .274. - The pint is to hold 20 Avoird. ounces, and should of course measure 34 cubic inches .659. The Avoird. ounce measure of water is therefore 1 cubic inch 73298. The Troy ounce of water measures 1 cubic inch 9013214. The weight of a cubic inch of water is 252 grains .456 ; and that of a cubic foot is 62 Avoirdupois pounds 3206. . A cubic foot of air, or 1728 cubic inches, weighs 528 Troy grains 367, or 1 Avoird. oz., 3 dr., 8 grains .23. Besides these measures, other irregular measures of uncertain con- tent, are used oom A table spoonful, cochlearium magnum, of syrop 3ss. of distilled waters 3iijss to 3ss of spirits and tinctures 3ij to 3iij. A desert spoonful, cochlearium mediocre, of water 3ij. A tea or coffee spoonful, cochlearium parvum, of syrop 3j to 3ij.~ of distilled waters Djss to Hij of spirit and tinctures 9j to Sjss of a light powder, as magnesia, 9ss to Aj of a meet! powder, as sulphur, Djss to 9ij of a metallic oxide 3j to Siiij.. __ A thimbleful, clypeola metallica pro digitis, is usually the same 4s tea spoonful. A tea-cup, vasculum pro thea, 3iij to Ziv. A wine-glass, scyphus pro vino, cyathus, 3jss. FRENCH MEASURES. © © In the Codex the liquids are used by weight, and the chemists do the same; so that it is only in common affairs that. measures are employed. Old French English a English Measure. Cubic Inches. Metrical Measure of 1795. Cubie Feet. LIQUID MEASURE. Myriolitre ; ; . 853.1712 Pinte. . 58.110 | Stere of firewood DRY MEASURE. Hectolitte . °.4 « - 3.5377 Litron. . . 49.617 | Decistere of charcoal . Boisseau . . 793.856 Poisson . . 38.631 | Kilolitre, or 1 metre cube ‘t 35.3171 Cubic Inches. Cubic Feet. 7 Minot - - 1378 | Decalitre ; ; ; . 610.2800 Mine . a 2.756 | Litre, or 1 decimetre cube ~. 61.0280 . Septier . . 5.512 | Decilitre . ; ‘ ; 6.1028 Muid . . 66.146 | Centilitre . . « ©. 0.6102 Mine, char. . 7.350 | Millilitre, or I,centimetre cube 0.0610 Voie, firew. . 65.489 xlii WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. In the new French measures, decreed in 1812, the pinte is to be the ' same as the metrical litre, and the boisseau is to be 12 litres and a half, © equal to 748 English cubic inches .35. | Une verre a vin, 3Viij Une verre d’un seul traite, 3v Une verre au liqueur, 3vj Une cuiller a bouche, 3v Une cuiller a café, 5-4ths of a dram Un seau, 481b., of 16 ounces. Un bassin, 41b. } SPECIFIC GRAVITY. This is usually quoted in England by a reference to water as unity; — but the great convenience of Baume’s hydrometer, and the ease with — which it may be constructed and graduated, have brought it into uni- versal use on the continent. There are two of these hydrometers usually employed; one for © liquids lighter than water, the other for those which are heavier. In both of them the same fixed points are used, namely, the floating point of the instrument in distilled water, or in a brine or solution of one ounce of dry common salt in nine ounces of water. i; The correspondence between these hydrometers and the common ~ expression of specific gravity, as given by Drs. Brugmans, Driessen, Vrolick, and Deiman, in the Pharmacopceia Batava, is here exhibited. The temperature of the liquor being Citeen 56 and 60 degrees of | Fahrenheit ; for as the hydrometers are at best. but a mere approxima- — tion to the truth, it is needless to be more particular. In Baume’s hydrometer for liquids lighter than water, the instru- ment is poised, so that the 0 of the scale is at the bottom of the stem, | when it is floating in the saline solution, and the depth to which it © sinks in distilled water shows the 10th degree; the space between these fixed points being equally divided. His graduation was conti- — nued upwards to the 50th degree, but should be now continued further. HYDROMETER FOR LIGHT FLUIDS, OR PESE*ESPRIT. Baume, Spec. Gr a. Baume. Spec. Gray. } Baume. Spec: Gray. Pe Dalai | Ret 1 Ep mS 2. . 0923 wee. O787 S50 OR Oe ee ns eee 48°. 0.9792 | 384 . + 0858 1.20 "0935 BOY 6) 9708 OP Sa 0 ee ee ee 46. . 0.800 Oo 3 tt ae 1S . . 0.948 48°. 2° 0805 Bh re i.e Oe 44. . 0810 SO 8s. are es + eee 43. . 0814 99 . . 0.884 i. | ORG 49°. °°. 0819 | 28....7 O89 ew o .:0.974 41. . 0823. Oh do RES iB. "One 40 . . 0828 26). i OE wy .~*. 0987 Be. os RES 25 .. . 0.906 BB ee ORS BB... ci: OBZ ik Bho ail) 4cltea eo ots |.» OBa2 ad ean ke Q@... « AOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY. litt In the hydrometer for liquids heavier than water, the position of the fixed points is reversed ; for the 0 is at the top of the stem, and denotes the level to which the hydrometer sinks in distilled water: the 10th ‘degree is lower down, and shows the level to which sinks in the on aioe and the graduation is centinued downwards to the 75th HYDROMETER FOR HEAVY FLUIDS, OR PESE-ACID. Baume. Spee. Grav,| Baume. Spec. Gray. | Baume. Spec. Grav. me. st) 2.007 26. 1.221 GR SEB eee sis) 8.014 ye 1.231 Go... 6 mee... 1.022 re oe Ga. :. } LSS Sa 99 . .. 1262 54. .. 1.601 ee meng 1-80. . 0.6R | BBS RIB 4) y'71.044 | a Bf SO. ee mae > . 1.052 32 .. os 1.286 87°, S656 oe seen) 28 OP Ff 6. 0.676 See pony) B40 oo) 4,1. BOa L Bao oF. MORES —~=+10 1.075 SRP ah ccs FRB | om ae.) ys | 11 TS ee ee Re Mae | aig By 12 - 1.091 3% cera 0bB4E 62 . ., 1-758 13 - 1,100 38. « . 1359 GB TT = 14 - 1.108 oo shia G4 .. ., ‘3-801 eae A de 40 se & TS 63"). ., 8-893 oom © . £395 4) el fr BOR |: GEG. a7 are Bb! .. .... See OP Ss) Se meee. 1.143 | 49 . . 2.496 '| 68%. 91897 aw ts. .° 1.152 44 . . 1,440 Ge. eee mop oo 161 | 45 =. ~«. «21454 | 70 . (1946 —_— 1171 46... 2 ATO ak, UT OT4 ear cto L:AGO 47. ss «OSD 72... . 2.002 — Ce «CLCSDO 45. lg LOH Pai, i. eee ae ee 1.199 a” ay or | eee q%.. . 23.059 Bey ig: 210 Bs 6-014: Aaa y Seer i: wr des ’ The only inconvenience of Baume’s hydrometers, is, that they require several ounces of liquor to float them, and hence they cannot be used for small quantities of liquids. In this case recourse may most conve- niently be had to a statical examination, by first ascertaining how lany grains of water is held by a very small, light bottle, with one neck of the ordinary dimensions (or, which is better, two very slender necks, that’the air may escape by the one, while the liquid is poured in by the other,) when filled to a mark in the neck, and again how many grains the bottle will hold of the liquid under examination. For then asthe weight of the water it holds is to that of the liquid, so is the Specific gravity of water to that of the liquid. the followin i iti § g are the specific gravities and degrees of Baume of some of the most usual liquide’ ne re xliv » a i} CON aaa OS oe — Ww 08 G2 bo bo SS2ZEERSUS SPECIFIC GRAVITY. LIGHT FLUIDS, Gay Lussac’s pure hydrocyanic acid. Purest ether. Very pure ether. Ether and alcohol, p. 2q. Alcohol. P.L. and P.D. Spiritus rectif. P.L. Alcohol. P.E. Spiritus vinosus rectificatus P.D. Naphtha. Purest alcohol by distillation. Esprit de vin, 2, Spirit of turpentine. Scheele’s acid of Prussian blue. Strongest liquid ammonia. Olive oil. Strong eau de vie. Sp. tenuis, P.L. Sp. vin. ten. P-D. . Alcohol dilutum P.E. . Weak eau de vie. Boiling water. Liquid ammonia. Burgundy wine. Claret wine. Distilled water. Standard brine. HEAVY FLUIDS. Distilled water. Distilled vinegar. French wine vinegar. Watered milk. Good milk. Skimmed milk. Acidum aceticum fortius P.L. . Wort for table ale, or malt spirit. . Standard brine. Wort for strong ale, ) Any liquid floating a new-laid egg: . Acidum muriaticum P.L. Single aquafortis. Boiling saturated syrup. Cold saturated syrup. Double aq. fort. Common nitric acid. Acidum nitricum P.L. Solut. of subcarbon. of potass. . Rectified oil of vitriol. . Acidum sulphuricum P.L, SPECIFIC GRAVITY. xliii - Table of Specific Gravities indicated in the different British : Pharmacopeias. a Dub. 1827. Lond, Edin, mere sthes ‘ s ; : ‘ 765 s. -cti tified spirit (alcohol fortius) ‘ 4 840 835 835 es it of nitrous ether : ; . . 850 - Risous ether : P 5 900 -Proo "spirit, (alcohol dilutus) ; : ; 919 930 935 i Sx lution of ammonia - : ° ° 950 960 _ Prussic acid : ; E ; 998 : auriatic acid, Dub. 1807 ; P . 1,003 Z istilled vinegar 1.005 Tincture of muriate of iron (red.) Dub. 1807 1.050 _ Acetic acid ¢ 1.074 | Solution of oxymuriate of potass, Dub. 1807 1.087 | - carbonate of ammonia , 1.090 potass é f - 1080 1.050 - sulphuret of potass : , a Fs | Water of muriate of lime . : . 1.202 olution of carbonate of soda saturated - 1.224 Water of muriate of barytes : ° . 1.230 carbonate of — : : -. 1320 Muriatic acid . ‘ ‘ . 1.160 1.160 1.170 _ diluted é } ; . 1.080 Nitrous acid P , - ; 1.490 1.500 1.520 diluted . d ; . 1.280 oe s 0.998 ielemorcisl 5 a eh 2.8508 601060. 1.845 iiaa> 4d 0 Payee st Soop Bar Fluted 3 f J . 1.084 THERMOMETERS. Abridged Table of the correspondence between Celsius’ or the Centi- _ grade Scale, or Reaumur’s or De Luc’s Scale and Fahrenheit’s Scale ; is -” every 5 deg. of Celsius’ and every 4 deg. of Reaumur’s. Reau. Fahr. ; Cent. Reau. Fahr. Cent. Reau, Fahr. 60 80 212 | 50 40 ~122 0 0 32 "95 76 203 | 45 36 his ;-—'5 — 4 23 —6« 90 72 194 | 40 32 104 | —10 — 8 14 «85 63 185 | 35 28 95 | —I15 —12 5 — 80 64 176 | 30 24 86 | —20 —16 —4 75 46 60. = '167'|.95 = 20 “7 | 2 —O —]3 7 70 56 158 | 20 16 68 | —30 —24 —22 ; 65 52 149 | 15 12 59 | —35 — 28 —31 #60 48 140|10 8 50|-40 -—32 —40 _ 44 131 5 4 41 - xlvi SPECIFIC GRAVITY. The degrees of Celsius’, or the Centigrade, scale which are not quoted, may be found by adding or subtracting for every degree 1-8. deg. to or from the deg. of Fahrenheit ; and those of Reaumur’s or De Luc’s scale, by adding or subtracting 2.25 deg. to or from Fah- renheit’s. : 1. To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, and divide by 5, and to the quotient add 32, that is, | Cx9 * 2. To reduce Fahrenheit’s degrees to Centigrade, ‘ 5 3. To reduce Reaumur’s to Fahrenheit’s, R. x 9 4 82 = F. a 4, To convert Fahrenheit’s to Reaumur’s, F.—32 x 4 Temperatures which are to be noted in the practice of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Fahr. 221 Temp. of boiling syrup when saturated with sugar. 2183 Water cont. + of common salt boils. 216% » 39 Ay of muriatic of lime boils. Boiling point of pure water. 919 Calor fervens, P.L. ; Temp. of water heated by a bath containing 4 of salt: 6 deg, 2 being lost in passing through the vessel, 2072 Temp. of water (or olive oil, or castor oil) heated by a bath 2 \ _ of pure water: 4 deg. being lost. We Water begins to simmer. ° + Alcohol, 22 deg. Baume, boils in a water bath. 1732 ; 30 deg. B., boils in a bath. 172) =, ~—«86 ditto. 1714 AO ditto. 167 - Very pure ether distils in a bath. J22 Highest temp. for drying vegetables. -§ Temp. at which tea, coffee, or other hot liquors are usually 110; drank. | qi 1002 Greatest heat of a bath that the feet will bear without pain} — 100 to 90 Calor lenis, P.L. Temp. for digestions. 4 Lowest temp. for drying fruits, herbs, and the like. 7 Highest temp. for fermentation. 653 Lowest. ditto. j 632 1 used in France for taking specific gravities by Baume’s- . hydrometers. a SPECIFIC GRAVITY. —_ xvii 60to 55 Temp. usedtin Belgium for that purpose. | (55 Temp. used in the P.L. for taking spec. grav. a Bente of melting ice, used for taking spec. grav, of ether and >) p- pee. § 3 other very volatile or - Cases of Mutual Decomposition. : I. From Srmpie AFFINity ‘sul phate of potass - with Mauriate of baryta. ee 4 a _— Nitrate of potass. — ammonia - = Mnuriate of potass. ; magnesia _ Carbonate of potass. _ Supersulphate of alumina oe Muriate of lime. Nitrate of potass : as —— baryta. ammonia. —_ Phosphate of soda. - EMuriate of . _ All the sulphates and nitrates. ‘ . —- Carbonate of potass. 7 lime . _ Subborate of soda. Z ammonia ; — Carbonate of potass. } te of soda - . — Mauriate of ammonia. Subborate of soda - « — Carbonate of potass. Nitrate of silver - rea Muriate of soda. “Acetate oflead . — Citrate of potass. Sulphate of mercury . —- Mnuriate of soda. Soap of — ° ; : —- ————- soda. —~ . SS ee Sulphate of lime. II. From Compounp AFFINITY. eure of jo el sage? with Carbonate of-potass. — F i soda. Runt a f welt uriate of lime. ;- soda . — Ditto. Muriate of baryta - + -— Phosphate of soda. Ditto : ; —_— Subborate of soda. Ditto A . — Carbonate of potass. Ditto . * — soda. Ditto . Lae _- ummonia. uriate of lime _ ammonia, of soda . —_ lime. Acetateoflead . — _ Sulphate of zine. ¥ Ditto, ee one Nitrate of mereury. Lable of Incompatible Salts*. ¥ Sats INCOMPATIBLE WITH alkali Nitrates of lime and magnesia. Ba on Se sulphates . | Mariates of lime and magnesia. ~* That is salts which cannot exist together in solution, without mutual decomposition. xlviii | CONTRACTIONS. Alkalies. 4. 2, Sulphate of lime . . Carbonate of magnesia. Muriate of barytes. Alkalies. Muriate of barytes. > Nitrate, muriate, carbonate of lime. Carbonate of magnesia, : Alkalies. 3. Alum. . : 4, Sulphate of magnesia Muriate of barytes. Nitrate and muriate of lime. Alkalies. 5. Sulphate of iron Muriate of barytes. Earthy carbonates. i} Sulphates. Alkaline carbonates. ( Earthy carbonates. f Sulphates, except of lime. Alkaline carbonates. Carbonate of magnesia Alkaline carbonates. 3 sulphates. Alkaline carbonates: 9. Nitrate of lime. . . Carbonates of magnesia and alumina. ( Sulphates, except of lime. | 6. , Muriate of barytes 7. Muriate of lime 8. Muriate of magnesia CONTRACTIONS. COMMONLY USED IN PRESCRIPTIONS, ETC. A, Aa. Ana, of each ingredient,—Abdom. Abdomen, the belly ; abdominis, of the belly ; abdomini, to the belly—Abs. febr. Absente febre, in the absence of the fever.—Ad. 2 vic. “Ad duas vices, at twice © taking.—Ad. gr. acid. Ad gratam aciditatem, to an agreeable sour- ness.—Ad. libit. Ad libitum, at pleasure-——Add. Adde, or addantur, add; addendus, to be added; addendo, by adding—Admov. Ad- moveatur, or admoveantur, apply.—Adst. febr. Adstante febre, when — the fever is on.—Aggred. febre. Aggrediente febre, while the fever is coming on.—Aliern. horis. Alternis horis, every other hour.—Alvo — adst, Alvo adstricta, when the belly is bound.—Aq. bull. Aqua ~ bulliens, boiling water.—Aq. ferv. Aqua fervéns, boiling water. Bis ind. Bis in dies, twice a day.—B.B. Bhds. Barbadensis, Bar- — badoes.—B. M. Balneum maris, a water bath.—Bul/. Bulliat, “it should boil; bulliant, they should boil—B.V. Balneum vaporis, a — steam heat. Cerul, Cceruleus, blue—Cap. Capiat,take—C.m. Cras mane, — to-morrow morning.—Coch, ampl, Cochleare amplum, a large spoon, — —Coch. infant. Cochleare infantis, a child’s spoon.—Coch. magn. — Cochleare magnum, a large spoon.—Coch. mod. Cochleare modicum, _ a dessert spoon.—Coch. parv. Cochleare parvum, a small spoon.— — CONTRACTIONS. xlix Col. Colatus, strained.—Colai. Coletur, it should be strained ; cola- ture, of or to the strained liquor.—Colent. Colentur, they should be strained.—Comp. Compositus, compounded.—Cont. rem. Continu- . entur remedia, the medicines should be continued.—Conir. Contritus, nd toa fine powder.—Cog. Coque, boil; coquantur, they should boiled.—C. P. Codex of Paris.—Crasi. Crastinus, to-morrow.— Cuj. Cujus, of which.—Cuwjusi. Cujuslibet, of any.—Cyath. thee. Cyatho thee, in a cup of tea. Deur. pil. Deurentur pilule, the pills should be gilt.—Deb. spiss. Debita spissitudo, a proper consistence.—Decub. Decubitus, of lying down —De d. ind. De die in diem, from day to day.—Dej. alvi. Dejectiones alvi, stools—Det. Detur, it should be given.—Dieb. alt. Diebus alternis, every other day.— Died. tert. Diebus tertiis, every third day— Dim. Dimidius, one-half.—Dir. prop. Directione pro- pria, with a proper direction.— Donec alv. bis de7. Donec alvus bis dejiciat, until two stools have been obtained.—Donec alv. sol. fuer. _ Donec alvus soluta fuerit, until a stool has been obtained. ‘omy o Bp oir oe sp ie Ejusd. _Ejusdem, of the same.—Enem. Enema (en-e-ma), a. elyster ; enemata, clysters.— Ext. sup. alut. Extende super alutam, spread upon leather. ; F. pil. xij. Fac pilulas duodecim, make 12 pills.—Fed. dur. Febre durante, during the fever.—Fem. intern. Femoribus internis, to the inner part of the thighs—F. venes. Fiat venesectio, bleed.— Fist.arm. Fistula armata, a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use. —Fil. Fluidus, liquid ; also by measure. ..* Gel. aner- Gelatina quavis, in any kind of jelly —G.G.G. Gummi gutte bi #, ee. Granum, a grain; grana, grains.— Git. Gutta, a drop; guttx, drops.—Gutt. quibusd. Guttis quibus- | dam, with a few drops. Har. pil. sum. iij7. Harum pilularum sumantur tres, three of these pills should be taken.— Hor. decub. Hora decubitus, at going to bed. _ —Hor. som. Hora somni, just before going to sleep; or on retiring * to rest.— Hor. un. spatio. Wore unius spatio, at the expiration of an hour.—Hor. interm. Horis intermediis, at the intermediate hours between what has been ordered at stated times. Ind. Indies, from day to day, or daily.—IJn pulm. In pulmento, in grnel.—Inj. enem. Injiciatur enema, a clyster should be given. Lat. dol. ULateri dolenti, to the side that is affected.—Lb. Libra, a pound ; or libra, weight, or a wine pint ; when preceded by Arabic _ figures, Avoirdupois weight is generally meant ; but when succeeded an numerals, Troy weight, or pint measures. M. Misce, mix; mensura, by measure ; manipulus, a handful.— Mane pr. Mane primo, very early in the morning.—Min. Minimum, the 60th part of a drachm measure.—Mitt. Mitte, send; mittatur, or mittantur, there should be sent.— Mill. sang. ad. %xij saltem. E oe sanguis ad uncias duodecim saltem, blood should be taken Seaade oi. + yay to 12 ounces at least—Mod. prasc. Modo prescripto, in the manner directed.— Mor. sol. More solito, in the usual manner. d 1 . ~ CONTRACTIONS. Ne. tr, s. num. Ne tradas sine nummo, you should not deliver it without the money: as a caution to the shopman, when the presence of the customer prevents the master giving a verbal direction —N. M. Nux moschata, a nutmeg. O. Octarius, a wine pint, being 1-8th of a gallon.—Ol. lini s 7. Oleum lini sine igne, cold drawn linseed oil.—Omn. hor. Omni hora, every hour.—Omn. bid. Omni biduo, every two days.—Omn. bih. Omni bihorio, every two hours.—Omn. man. Omni mane, every morning.—Omn. noct. Omni nocte, every night.—Omn, quadr. hor. Omni quadrante hore, every quarter of an hour.—O. O. O. Oleum olive optimum, best olive oil—Oz. The ounce Avoirdupois, or com- mon weight, as distinguished from that prescribed by physicians in their orders, P. Pondere, by weight—P. Bat. Pharmacopeia Batava.—P. Belg. Pharmacopeeia Belgica.—P. D. Pharmacopeeia Dublinensis. —P.E.. Pharmacopeia Edinensis.—P.L. Pharmacopeeia Londi- nensis.—P. L. V. Pharmacopeeia Londinensis, before 1745.—P. U. S. Pharmacopeeia of the United States.—Part. vic. Partitis vicibus, to be given in divided doses, instead of all at once.—Per. op. emet. Peracta operatione emetici, when the operation of the emetic is finished. —Post sing. sed. lig. Post singulas sedes liquidas, after every loose stool—P. r. n. Pro re nata, according as circumstances occur.— | P. rat. et: Pro ratione extatis, according to the age of the patient. — Pug. Pugillus, a gripe between the finger and thumb. Q. p. Quantum placet, as much as you please.—Q.s. Quantum sufficit, as much as may suffice.—Quor. Quorum, of which. R. Recipe, take; but for this the old authors, and the French to this day, use this sign 11, being the old heathen invocation to J upiter, seeking his blessing upon the formula, equivalent to the usual invoca- tion of the poets and of Mahommedan authors, or the Laus Deo with which book-keepers’ and merchants’ clerks formerly began their books of account and invoices, a practice not yet quite extinct.— Red. in pulv. Redactus in pulverem, powdered.—Redig. in pulv. Redigatur in pul- verem, it should be reduced to powder.—Reg. umbil. Regio umbilici, the parts near the navel.—Repet. Kepetatur, it should be continued ; repetantur, they should be continued. S. A. Secundum artem, according to art.—Semidr. Semidrachma, half a drachm.—Semih. Semihora, half an hour.—Sesunc. Sesuncia, an ounce and a half.— Sesquih.. Sesquihora, an hour and a half.— Sz n. val. Si non valeat, if it does not answer.— Si op. sit.’ Si opus sit, if need shall be.—Si vir. perm. Si vires permittant, if the strength will allow.— Sign. n. pr. Signetur nomine proprio, write upon it the usual name, not the trade name.—Sing. Singulorum, singularum, of each.—S. S. S. Stratum super stratum, layer upon layer.—Ss. Semi, — a half.— St. Stet, it should stand ; stent, they should stand.— Sub jin. coct. Sub finem coctionis, when the boiling is nearly finished.— Sum. fal. Sumat talem, the patient should take one like this—S. V. Spi- ritus vinosus, ardent spirit of any strength.—S. V. R. Spiritus vinosus CONTRACTIONS. li rectificatus, spirit of wine.—S. V. 7. Spiritus vinosus tenuis, proof spirit, or half and half spirit of wine and water. Temp. dext. Tempori dextro, to the right temple—T. O. Tinc- tura opii, tincture of opium; generally confounded with laudanum, which is properly the wine of opium.—7. 0. C. Tinctura opii cam~ phorata, paregoric elixir—Trit. Tritus, ground to powder. Ult. prescr. Ultimo prescriptus, the last ordered. V. O. 8S. Vitello ovi solutus, dissolved in the yelk of an égg.— Vom. urg. Vomitione urgente, when the vomiting begins. Z. A mark in writing that a word is contracted, as in oz. for ounce—Zz. Zingiber, ginger. 9. Scrupulum, a scruple, equal to 20 grains Troy.—3- Drachma, a drachm, equal to 3 scruples ; or in liquids the 8th part of an ounce measure—%. Uncia, an ounce Troy ; or in liquids the 16th part of a wine pint. | ‘ In labelling bottles, boxes, drawers, or pots in a shop, the name of the drug should be left predominant ; while a single letter is sutlicient for denoting the technical terms, as radix, pulvis, pilule, compositus, volatilis, &c.; simple powders also speak for themselves to the eye, and do not require the addition of pulvis. Valeriane r. not Valer. radix. I uan. Fr. Pulvis ipec. . ipecacuan. c. Pulvis ipec comp. T. cantharidis Tinctura canth. U. hydrarg. uitr. Unguent. hydr. n. It is still more proper, and less liable to error, to denote the pow- _ dered simples as the College itself does, by the adjectives, éritus, or contritus, and not by the substantive pulvis, which renders them liable to be confounded with the compound powders: tritus being used when _ the substance is easily powdered, and contritus when it requires great labour, or is reduced to a particular fine powder ; the con being used as an intensive adjection. 7 ‘ And here it may be noted, that for reducing acrid substances as euphorbium, and the like, to powder, the method used by the fire- work makers in powdering charcoal may be advantageously employed. They put the charcoal into a strong leather bag, and having tied the opening very tight, beat it with a mallet: then leaving it for some, time to settle, the bag is opened, and the powder run into a drum sieve with as little disturbance as possible. TABLE OF VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. The following Table from Professor Kane's Elements of Pharmacy shows the Vegetable Substances of the British Materia ORE: to be collected in each Month of the Year. January and February. No vegetable, with the exception of a Flower of the anthemis nobilis, and in few cryptogamic plants, collected in these months. , March. Flowers of tussilago farfara. « Leaves of ditto. Flowers of viola odorata. April. Flowers of viola odorata. Leaves of asarum Europeuni. laminum. May. Tops of artemisia absinthium. ———— juniperus communis. Herb of cochlearia officinalis. Leaves of conium maculatum. ——_——— prunus lauro-cerasus. Petals of the rosa gallica. —— rosa centifolia. June. Tops of artemisia absinthium. _——_ spartium scoparium. Leaves of altheea officinalis. arnica montana. — asarum Europeum. —— narcissus pseudo-narcissus- July. July. _ Flower of the sambucus niger. Petals of the papaver rheeas. rosa centifolia. - gallica. Seeds of colchicum autumnale. Tops of artemisia absinthium. - rosmarinus officinalis. Herb of origanum marjorana. melissa officinalis. mentha piperita. poe pwiegium. lythrum salicaria. Leaves 0 erythrea centaureum. nicotiana tabacum. ranunculus acris. —— —— ruta graveolens. ————~ rumex acetosa. ——— juni s sabina. - salvin officinalis. — scrophularia nodosa. rhus toxicodendron. Flowers of borago officinalis. — arnica montana. — lavandula spica. Bulbs of colchicum antumnale. — August. - Bulbs of colchicum autumnale. Stems of solanum dulcamara. Herb of datura stramonium. Flowers of punica granatum. — atropa belladonna. — cnicus benedietus. ————-— digitalis purpurea. euphorbia lathyris. | -—_——— hyoscyamus niger. — lactuca virosa. --—-~— leontodon taraxacum. see Marrubium vulgare. Strobiles of the humulus lupulus. Fruit of the momordica elaterium. —— morus nigra. Capsules of the papaver somniferum. Seeds of the carum carui. —— coriandrum sativum. ———-— — anethum graveolens. foeniculum. YVNTARIO COLLEGE OF PHARMAC VEGETABLE SUBSTANGESG ER 9 4 — pili, -- “ September. - . Octok DRONTO, Fruit of the rosa canina. Berries of juniperus communis. ——_————. rhamnus catharticus. Bark of cesculus hippocastanum. sambucus niger daphne mezereon. — ——___— punicum granatum. ————_--—— gnidium. Seeds of ditto. Roots of EL sarong : datura stramonium. ulmus campestris. Roots of angelica archangelica. Fruit.of the vitis vinifera. aspidium filix mas. Seeds of the pyrus cydonia. ——-- arnica montana. ——_—_——— ricinus communis. ——- althea officinalis. Roots of the inula helenium. Seeds of calamus aromaticus. ——_————- arctium lappa. ———- cochlearia aromatica. — bryonia alba. ——- glycirrhiza glabra. ——-——_——. rheum palmatum. —— rus niger. undulatum. ——— florentia iris. —————— rubia tinctorum. ——_——- leontodon taraxacum. Stamens of the crocus sativus. - —_—- orchis mascula. polygonum bistorta. November and December. ———- rumex aquatica. ———-- tormentilla erecta. Boletus igniarius. valeriana officinalis. Cetronia Islandica. ———- veratrum album. Rouella tinctoria. CORRECTION, Page 439. Lockyer’s Pills. Omit “ The formula for’ patiacea antimonii, additions.” This sentence has been retained through inadvertence from the preceding edition, in which the formula for the panacea antimonii was omitted. That formula is now inserted in the present edition: see page 241. . oy 7 A SUPPLEMENT, Se. I. VEGETABLES. VecetazsLes form in every country the greatest number of remedies employed by practitioners in medicine: not being so in respect to their chemical composition, from the solids __and fluids of the human body, as to refuse to assimilate with them; and yet sufficiently so, as to have, in general, a decidedly marked action upon them. The number of vegetables which are possessed of medicinal vir- tues, and which are sold in the shops of druggists and herbalists, or used by private practitioners, being so great, it is absolutely “Recessary to adopt some mode of arrangement, Of the two methods now in common use, that of Jussieu, as amended by the latest writers, is here followed, as being more conformable to nature than the sexual system of Linneus. 'The preference thus given to a natural system is also justifiable on the ground that most of the orders have some common medicinal qualities, which are the more distinctly marked, as the order itself is more distinct from others in its botanical characters. | The plants are designated by their common English names, the officinal Latin names by which they are known throughout Europe, and finally, by those given them by Linneus and his ers, when they differ from those last mentioned, in order that references may be made with facility to the works of the old botanists, who were particularly studious of the medicinal uses of plants. The plants included in this synopsis are not only those men- tioned in the several successive Pharmacopeeias of the College of peysciens, and in the two provincial Pharmacopeeias of Dublin Edinburgh, but also most of the plants which have ever been nig as possessing any medicinal virtues or used in the chemi- arts. foots are best taken up in the beginning of spring, unless B Q I. VEGETABLES otherwise ordered. They, as well as woods and barks, are the better for being fresh, although many will keep a long time with- out any perceptible decay. Many kinds of roots may be kept fresh in dry sand in a cellar. ; Roots to be dried should be rubbed in water to get rid of the dirt, and also some of the mucous substance that would otherwise render them mouldy. The larger are then to be cut, split, or peeled: but in most aromatic roots, as those of the umbelliferous plants, the odour residing in the bark, they must not be peeled. They are then to be spread on sieves or hurdles, and dried in a heat of about 120 deg.-Fahr. either on-the top of an oven, in a stove, or a steam-closet, taking care to shake them occasionally to change the surfaces exposed to the air, Thick and juicy roots, as those of rhubarb, briony, Piony: water lily,-&c., are cut in slices, strung upon a thread, and hung in garlands in a heat of about 90 to 100 deg. Fahr.. We may here observe that it is not always the same part of the root which it is desirable to preserve: in some, as Arctium lappa, &c., it is the bark which is to be retained, and the meditullium to be rejected; this is done by splitting up the root, and cutting out x inert portion; in others, as the Althzea officinalis, the bark is to be removed, and the meditullium, — retained. _ The drying of woods requires little attention; but the silver grain is liable to the attack of insects. Buffon advised trees — intended for timber to be barked a year before they were felled, — as in that time the silver grain becomes as hard as the heart of the wood. Timber for ship-building is sometimes soaked in a solution of arsenic, to hinder it from affording a lodgment to marine worms, By floating timber for some time in water, it loses part of its extractive and saccharine juices, and becomes harder, so as to be less liable to be attacked by insects or worms: by soaking in alum-water, it is rendered less combustible. Dried barks, for medical purposes, require the outer skin to be + ey off, as it is usually coarse and inefficacious. The ordinary — eat of the atmosphere js in general sufficient. Herbs, for medical purposes, ought to be collected when they _ begin to flower, and gathered on a dry day, as soon as the dew is — off; they should be spread thin, dried as quickly as possible by a — gentle heat, and kept in a dry dark place. 4 Tops, leaves, or whole herbs, should be cleansed from discoloured and rotten leaves, screened from earth or dust, placed on hurdles, covered with blotting-paper, and exposed to the sun or the heat — of a stove, in a dry airy place. 'The quicker they are dried the © better, as they have less time to ferment or grow mouldy ; hence they should be spread thin, and frequently turned: when dried, — they should be shaken in a large-meshed sieve to get rid of the — I. VEGETABLES. 3 esas of any insects that would otherwise be hatched amongst . Aromatic herbs ought to be dried quickly with a one rate heat, that their odour may not be lost. Almost all plants, after they have been dried so as to become brittle, give a little, and become more odorous, as melilot, red roses, oak of J erusalem, lesser centaury. Some persons have proposed to dry herbs in a water-bath ;_but this occasions them to be as it were half-boiled in their own water, especially as the evaporation goes, on slowly in close vessels. With respect to the collection of the leaves of the biennial narcotic plants, Mr. Houlton has made the very impor- tant remark that they do not possess medicinal activity until their second year, and that a great part of the leaves of hyoscyamus collected for sale are of the first year’s growth, mucilaginous and inert. The mixture of these in unknown quantities with the active leaves, and their being sometimes even used alone, must render the extract or tincture prepared from them of very variable strength and power. Flowers should in general be gathered in full bloom, and dried as speedily as ible, the calyces, claws, &c., being previously © taken off 4 ae thee flowers nn very small, the feat left, po even the whole flowering spike, as in the greatest portion of the labiate flowers. Compound flowers, with pappous seeds, as coltsfoot, ought to be dried very high before they are entirely Epehes, otherwise the slight moisture that remains would develope pi, and these would form a kind of cottony nap, which meal he yery hurtful in infusions, by leaving irritating particles in the throat. Flowers of little or no smell may be dried in a heat of 75 to 100 deg. Fahr. The succulent petals of the liliace- ous plants, whose odour is very fugacious, cannot well be dried, as their mucilaginous substance rots and grows black. Several sorts of flowering tops, as those of lesser centaury, lily of the valley, wormwood, melilot, water germander, &c., are tied in ss | parcels, and hung up, or else exposed to the sun, wrapped in paper cornets, that they may not be discoloured, After some time, blue flowers, as those of violets, bugloss, or borage, grow yellow, and even become entirely discoloured, espe- cially if they are kept in glass vessels that admit the light; if, however, they are Sioned for a*moment in boiling water, and ightly pressed before they are put into the drying stove, the blue colour is rendered permanent. Fruits, unless their efficacy depends upon the acerbity of their niece, ought to be gathered when they are ripe, and kept upon a er of straw, in order to ripen, in a mab dry, shady place, he fruits ought not to touch one another, lest they should grow rotten for want of free evaporation at the place where they touch, . BR ‘ | I. VEGETABLES. Many nutritive fruits of warm climates, as figs, dates, jubebs, sebestens, myrobalans, are dried in the sun upon hurdles. Dried peels of fruits, as those of tee aera oranges, or lemons. Jn this case, the outer peel should be separated with an ivory or silver knife from the greatest part of the white fungous substance, and it should not be squeezed or moistened with the juice of the fruit. Dried seeds require, in general, but little attention. The farinaceous and leguminous sorts may be dried in a stove; oily seeds, fit for making emulsions, must not be dried by heat, but only in the free air, and even then they are liable to become rancid. In general, all seeds keep best in their shells or other integuments. Horny seeds, although highly dried, retain their germinative faculty for a long time. Vegetables and their juices may also be preserved by heating in well-closed vessels. ‘The substances to be preserved are to be put into strong glass bottles, with necks of a proper size, corked with the greatest care, luted with a mixture of lime and soft cheese, spread on rags, and the whole bound down with wires across it. The bottles are then inclosed separately in canvass bags, and put into a copper of water, which is gradually heated till it boils, and thus kept until it is presumed that the substances are, as it were, boiled in their own water: the whole is then left to cool, and the bottles are taken out and carefully examined before they are laid by, lest they should have cracked, or the lute given way. The preservation 7 Bie in water is, in some measure, similar to the preceding. ‘The fruit not quite ripe, pulse, or other sub- stance, is put into wide-necked bottles, which are placed in a copper of water nearly up to their mouths, and they are lightly corked ; the water is then heated till it is very hot, itt does not scald, and this heat is kept up for half an hour; the bottles are then taken out, and immediately filled with boiling water to the very brim, carefully corked, wired, placed on their sides, and turned at first every week, but afterwards seldomer, to prevent any part, in consequence of the bubble of air that forms in them, from getting dry, and thus becoming mouldy. Some attempt to tay fruits, &c., without water, by heating the water-bath to oiling, and corking the bottles while in the boiling water, but this does not suipdiett so well, unless the fruit is very green; and the water is at any rate useful to put into pies. To pickle vegetables in brine. A brine is made of bay-salt, or rather London’s solid salt, thoroughly saturated, so that some of — the salt remains undissolved, and kept floating upon it by a frame, or bung: this requires about 4 pounds of salt to the gallon of water ; into this brine the substances to be preserved are plunged, I. VEGETABLES. a and kept entirely covered with it. French beans, artichokes, olives, and the different sorts of samphire are thus preserved. Some sweet-scented flowers, as rose or elder flewers, are pre- served by dry salt. Two pounds of brown or bay salt are added to each eight gallons of flowers, and the whole beaten to a paste, which is kept in a close vessel. By this means, the chemists and perfumers are not only enabled to distil rose or elder flower- water at any time of the year, but the scent is also much im- proved. Many vegetables are pickled in vinegar, and kept in the shops. The vegetables are usually soaked in salt and water for some hours, then drained, spices added to counteract the coldness of the vinegar, and boiling vinegar poured upon them; in a few days the vinegar is poured off, boiled a little with the spices, and then poured on again: if the vinegar is good, and the substances are not too moist, it is sufficient to pour it cold upon them, and keep the vessel closely covered. The white vinegar, or pyroligneous acid, much diluted, may be used still more advantageously. In preserving fruits in syrup, it is necessary to consider the manner in which the several degrees of strength in syrup is judged of in boiling. If moist sugar is used, the syrup must be clarified with white of eggs; but if refined sugar is used, it need only be melted over the fire in a quarter, or at most one third its weight of water, and as the water evaporates, the syrup must be taken up with a large slice, and let to fall into the pan again. If, during this manipulation, it forms a broad sheet as it falls, it is said to be boiled to a candy height, and will exhibit when taken from the fire, but still warm, 36 deg. of Baume’s hydrometer : if it has not been boiled quite so far, the sheet is formed but imper- fectly, and it exhibits a smaller number of degrees ; it is then said to be boiled to a weak candy height. In shaking the slice of syrup, when in this state, it runs over in the form of the feathers of a quill, or drops in the manner of pearls, which being received in a glass of water, ought to fall to the bottom in solid and brittle globules. If the boiling is continued a little longer, these effects - are produced in a more perfect manner, and the syrup exhibits 87 deg. by the hydrometer ; it is then said to be boiled to a full candy height: if it be now stirred until it is cold, it forms a dry powdery mass. As all the water is now evaporated, if the sugar is continued on the fire, it will turn red, and acquire a burnt taste. ‘The powdering of the sugar renders the syrup made from it thick and turbid; it should therefore be put into the water in a single lump. To preserve fruits, then, the syrup is boiled to a weak candy height, and poured hot upon the fruit so as to cover it ; the juice of the fruit of course weakens the syrup, which must, therefore, 6 I. VEGETABLES. the next day be poured off the fruit, and reboiled to the former height, and then poured on the fruit again; and this must be repeated, if the fruit is very juicy, a third or fourth time, until the syrup is no longer weakened by the juice of the fruit, when it is left in it. To preserve fruits in sugar. ‘The fruit, if very succulent, is first soaked for some hours in very hard water, or in weak alum water, to harden it, and then drained. Upon the fruit, either prepared or not, syrup boiled to a candy height, and half eold, is to be poured : after some hours, the syrup, weakened by the juice of the fruit, is poured off, reboiled, and poured on again, and this repeated sometimes a third time. When the syrup is judged to be no longer weakened, the fruit is taken out of it, and drained. ‘Seeds and fruits may be preserved by being put into honey } and on being taken out, washed, and planted, they will vegetate. Fruits are also preserved in brandy, or other spirits. Juicy fruits, as plums, apricot, cherries, peaches, ought to be gathered before they are perfectly ripe, and soaked for some hours in very hard water, or in alum water to make them firm. As the moisture of the fruit weakens the spirit, it ought to be strong, and five om of sugar should be added to each quart of the spirit. A few vegetables, as truffles, are preserved in olive oil, the jars being Abealy luted, to prevent the oil from turning rank by the access of air, but this mode is more practised with animals. Bees’ wax has been used to preserve séeds for carriage to other distant countries, without any injury to the future germination 5 but brown sugar offers a preferable mode, and this agent is only | used for animal substances, as caviar. : The doses of such vegetables as exert a very powerful action on the human frame are mentioned under each article; or, if not properly known, a caution is given, lest any unlucky accident should occur. The generality, however, of plants, having no vey marked action, are taken in powder, in doses of a drachm night and morning ; or a sufficient quantity to give a strong taste or colour to water, is infused or boiled in it, age an ounce to a pint; and the doses are so regulated, that the soluble parts of _ about a drachm of the vegetable are contained, in each; and these — doses are exhibited three or four times in a day. The plants that are marked with an asterisk grow wild, or are largely cultivated, in the British islands; and are described in my Natural Arrangement of British Plants; and the chemical history of those contained in the London Pharmacopeeia is detailed in my Elements of Pharmacy. ° I. VEGETABLES.—A.c. = | ORDER 1. ALG. *Sea LENTILS, Vitis marina, Lenticula marina, Fucus natans. Used by the Portuguese and Dutch in dysuria. *BLapDER wrack, Quercus marina, Fucus vesiculosus. . Burnt to a charcoal is the vegetable Athiops of the shops; its ashes ield a considerable quantity of alkali; other species of fuci Fattich this salt, but generally in a less quantity, therefore this is most usually burned for that purpose. This substance, when burnt, is supposed to possess some deobstruent powers, and as such, has been given in bronchocele and scrofulous affections. Its efficacy depends on the iodine which it contains. The prin- cipal use to which the plant has been applied, however, is in the manufacture of kelp. *Fucus noposus ;—*F. serratus. Used for the same pur- poses as bladder wrack. *PEprer pDUtsE, Fucus pinnatifidus. Biting, aromatic taste, eaten as a salad. - *Daxsertocks, Fucus esculentus, F. teres, F. fimbriatus. Faten in Scotland. *GuLy weep, Laver, Fucus natans, F. bacciferus. Eaten raw as a salad: also pickled, as samphire; aperient, diuretic, and anti-scorbutic. *Sweer rucus, Fucus saccharinus. Washed in warm water and hung up, a saccharine substance exudes from it: some eat it without Wiihing. *Dutsx, Dills, Dulesh, Fucus palmatus. Eaten either raw, _ boiled, or dried, but is very tough. *Rep Dutse, Fucus edulis, Eaten while raw, also after being pinced with hot irons, in which case it tastes like roasted oysters. A red lake is prepared from it. "SEA GIRDLE-AND-HANGERS, Fucus digitatus. Contain a nutritive jelly, more or less saccharine, eaten both by man and Seast; had for kelp. *Suretp waver, Ulva umbilicalis. Esculent, but requires baking for some hours to render it eatable. - *®Iecetanp sea-crass, Ulva latissima ;—*OysTER GREEN, Lichen marinus. U. Lactuca. Are also eaten. Mousse vr Corse, Helminthocorton, Conferva dichotoma, Fucus ; Corsican worm-moss. ‘This usually contains also several kinds of geniculated thread-like alge: vermifuge, taken in the form of a jelly or thick mucilage. Imported from France. "Crow siLk, Hairy river-weed, Conferva rivularis, This 8 L VEGETABLES,—Foxar, green fibrous plant, found in stagnant water, smells marshy, is: used. as a vermifuge by some country people; it is as difficult to burn as Fontinalis antipyretica ; adheres firmly to glass or paper, and was used by the ancients to bind up broken limbs, keeping it constantly moist. Coratuine, Sea moss, Corallina, C. officinalis. Vermifuge, 38s to 3}, In coarse powder. *Srar sHoot, Nostoch, N. commune, Tremella Nostoc. A ' greenish jelly, eatable; infused in brandy, it causes a disgust to that liquor in those who drink of it. SroncE, Spongia, S. officinalis. Externally to stop heemor- rhages, or dipped in melted wax and squeezed, as a tent to dilate cavities, by its expansion. 2. FUNGI. Frequently poisonous: the best remedy in this case, after immediate vomiting, by tickling the fauces, and the exhibition of clysters, is ether 3}. in a glass of water, with tincture of capsicum. ‘The Russians, however, eat almost every species that are of any size, only stewing them thoroughly, and drinking a glass of brandy after them; and the ancients stewed suspected mushrooms with some twigs of the pear-tree, as an antidote to their bad effects. *More 1, Morchella esculenta ;—M. gigas. Wholesome and agreeable, as are all the other morchellz. Principally imported dry from Italy ; used as a sauce. *TrurrLes, Trubs, Tuber cibarium, T. gulosorum, Tubera terre, Lycoperdon tuber ;—*T, moschatum ;—* T. album; — Bianchetti, T’. albidum ;—Rossetti, T. rufum ;—BuacK TRUFFLE WITH WHITE FLESH ;—PIEDMONT TRUFFLE, TJ’ griseum, which has a slight odour of garlic. Are all used as delicate sauces to soups, and the like. The truffles grow under ground, and are turned up, or pointed out by hogs or dogs trained for that pur- pose. Imported from France and Italy, either dry, or preserved in olive oil. 3 *Purr satis, Bull fists, Mollipuffs, Crepitus lupi, Lycoperdon Bovista. _ Narcotic ; its smoke stupifies bees, but does not. kill them ; its very subtile seminal dust is used as a styptic. _ *DEER Bats, Boletus, Lycoperdon cervinum. Aphrodisiac, and increases the milk. | *STINK HORNS, Fungus phalloides, Phallus impudicus. Intoler- ably foetid at a distance, so that it is oftener smelt than seen, being supposed to be some carrion, and therefore avoided ; when near, it has only the pungency of volatile salts. Its odour soon fills a whole house. Applied externally to painful limbs. a I. VEGETABLES.—Fvnat. 9 *HELVELLA ESCULENTA ;—*H. Mitra. Are eaten abroad. *GoATs-BEARD MUSHROOM, Clavaria coralloides ;— *GREY GOATS-BEARD, C. cinerea. Are eaten, and very safely, as from their coralline appearance they have not the least resemblance to any poisonous kinds; but their flesh is rather cottony, and their flavour very slight. *Hepce-Hoc musHRoom, Hydnum erinaceum ;—*H.. coral- loides :—*CuEvretre, H. repandum ;—*Broveuicuons, H. Auriscalpium. Are all eaten. *CHANTERELLE, Merulius Cantharellus. Is not a delicate species, but safe, as being unlike any poisonous kind. *Botetus Fre, B. Chrysenteron, is eaten, at least while young. *CrraTeLwi, Boletus edulis ;—*Buiack cHAMPIGNON, B. e@reus ;—*Leccino, B. scaber ;—*B. aurantiacus. Are eaten on the continent, particularly by the Tuscans. *Buiw’s Liver, Bull’s tongue, Hypodrys, Boletus hepaticus, Fistularia hepatica. _ Almost the only parasitic mushroom that is usually eaten. Bo.etus suaveoLENS, Dedalea suaveolens. Used in phthisis, 3j in powder four times a day, made up into an electuary. Acaric oF THE LARCH, Male agaric, Agaricus, Boletus laricis. Grows in Tartary on the larch: the interior part is friable, light, and used as a drastic purge ; dose 3} to 3ij, in powder, with some ginger ; or an infusion of double that weight. Imported from urkey. *Toucuwoop, Spunk, German tinder, Amadou, Boletus ignarius ; —B. fomentarius ;—B. ungulatus. These, when softened by beating, are used for stopping blood ; soaked in a ley of saltpetre, and dried, they are used as tinder: imported from Germany. *BoLtetus sutpnuureus. On drying, evolves needle-like erystals of oxalic acid, nearly pure, and is consequently poisonous. Biewirs, Agaricus violaceus.. Used for making ketchup. *CommMon MUSHROOM, Agaricus edulis. Under which name several species of agarici pratelli are supposed to be confounded ; is that mostly eaten in England ; all are wholesome. Cuamricnon, Scotch bonnets; Agaricus pratensis. Dried and used to flavour sauces. *Muewaio, Agaricus eburneus;—*Movussenon vE Dieppe, A. tortilis, and many others, are sold for food in the markets of Tuscany. PivouLape pe savLE, Agaricus translucens. Eaten by the poor in France along with other agarici with the footstalk on th side, or totally wanting ; but most are suspicious. ? AGakicus DELICIOsus. Has yellow milk, and is of exquisite 10 I. VEGETABLES.—Licuenss. flavour, but must not be confounded with A. necator, or A. theiogalus, both which have also yellow milk, and are very poisonous. | *A. suBputcis ;—*A. piperatus ; (an ingredient in the opia- tum antituberculosum, which loses its acrid taste when dressed) are eaten. : *A. procervs. Is the best and most usually eaten of those whose footstalk is furnished with a moveable collar, and whose gills do not melt into a black liquid; none are known to be poisonous. *A. muscarius. Infused in milk, kills flies; juice rubbed on bedsteads expels bugs: dried and powdered, gr. x to xxx with vinegar, cathartic, sudorific: applied externally to ulcers and gangrenes. *A. BULBOSUS, is a very active poison. *Jews rar, Auricula Jude, Fungus sambuct, Peziza Auricula. Grows on the elder ; used, soaked in milk or vinegar, as a gargle in the quinsey, &c. *Oaxk LEATHER; Xylostroma giganteum. Found in the cracks of oaks; used in Ireland as a dressing for ulcers, and in Virginia to spread plasters upon. 3. LICHENES. The softer kinds are slightly bitter, and used in affections of the lungs: those resembling a chalky crust are used in dyeing. *TREE LIVER-wort, Lichen arboreus pullus, L. olivaceus. Roborant, used in hemorrhages and old coughs. *Oax Lunes, Tree lung-wort, Hazel crottles, Pulmonaria arborea, Muscus pulmonarius, Lichen arborum, L. pulmonarius. Slightly bitter, opening, detersive, useful in diseases of the lungs ; dyes wool of a durable orange colour; yields a gum similar to gum Arabic. *IceLanp Moss, Lichen, Muscus Islandicus, M. catharticus, I. Islandicus, Cladonia Islandica, Cetraria Islandica, P. Dub. Slightly s bitter, used as food in Iceland, either made into bread or boiled J in water, the first water being rejected. The bitterness of this substance is removed by maceration in cold water; demulcent, and ‘nutritious, it is easy of digestion, hence has been recommended in \__ Phthisis. | _ *LIcHEN VELLEus. Has the same qualities, | . *Muscus cumura.ts, Lichen aphthosus. A drastic vermifuge. *Hairy TREE-moss, Muscus, M. arboreus, Lichen plicatus., Astringent. . 7 br I. VEGETABLES.—Mvsci. 11 *LICHEN RANGIFERINUS. This, as well as the last, has an agreeable smell]; used for making Cyprus powder, or French scent bags. *Cur moss, Muscus pyxidatus, Lichen coccineus, L. pyxidatus. Used in hooping cough, and other complaints of the lungs; dose a tea-cup of the infusion, which is generally slightly emetic. *LicuEeN cocctrerus. Used for the same purposes, and in intermittent fevers. *Muscus arnorevs, L. prunasiri. Astringent, pulmonary ; very retentive of odours ; used as a basis for perfumed powders. - *AsH-cOLOURED GROUND LIvER-wort, Muscus caninus, Lichen terrestris, L. cinereus terrestris, L. caninus. Used in hydrophobia. *LIcHEN pusttLatus. May be substituted for allspice, dyes afinered. | *CANARY ARCHEL, Chinney weed, Herb archel, Rocella tincto- rum, Fueus, L. Rocella. Allays the tickling cough attendant upon phthisis; and from it is manufactured litmus. *Licuen catcarevs. Dried, powdered, and steeped in urine, dyes a fine scarlet. *Srone crortyes, Arcell, Lichen caperatus. Dyes wool of an orange colour; but if the wool is previously boiled in urine, of a russet brown. Licwen rarinaceus. Yields, like many other species of lichen, a mucilage with water, similar to gum Arabic. Corx, Corker, Arcell, Kenkerig, L. omphalodes. Styptic; dyes wool reddish brown, made into balls. *AvvereGne arcuet, Ground archel, L. parellus. Used, like the Canary archel, in large quantities to make litmus. *Licnen TARTAREUS. Dyes purple, collected in large quan- tities for the dyers. *LicHEN vutrinus, Used to poison wolves, dyes wool yellow. Licnen, L. arboreus pullus, Ln pullus. Slightly astringen used in asthma and old sehithes ‘i sihied ride Uswea, L. sazatilis. Astringent ; used in hemorrhages. 4. HEPATIC. *Liver-wort, Hepatica vulgaris, Marchantia conica ;—*STAk Liver-wort, Hepatica stellata, H. fontana, H. polymorpha. Aperitive, acrid, astringent ; used in diseases of the liver. 5. MUSCI. ~ *Moss oF a DEAD MAN’s SKULL, Usnea cranii humani, Hypnum sericeum, Leshia sericea, Used in hemorrhages, - IS Ae I. VEGETABLES.—Finices. *GoLDEN Locks, Adiantum aureum, Polytrichum, P. vulgare. Sudorific, pulmonary. *Boc moss, Old wives’ tow, Sphagnum palustre, S. commune. Scarcely combustible, used to stop cracks in chimneys: very retentive of moisture, used. to pack up plants for exportation to distant countries. 6. FILICES. Sweetish, astringent, and pectoral. A ley of the ashes of most of the species has been used as a wash to promote the growth of the hair, from the alkali contained in them stimulating the skin ; whence they have been called capillary herbs. *TRUE MAIDEN-HAIR, Adiantum vulgare, A. verum, Capillus Veneris, A. Capillus Veneris. A fine pectoral, slightly astringent ; the decoction is a powerful emetic. CANADA MAIDEN-HAaIR, Capillus Veneris Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum. Used for maiden-hair. , Care o¥ Goop Hore MAIDEN-HAIR, Adiantum Aithiopicum. Used as an aromatic astringent. PrAcock’s TAIL MAIDEN-HAIR, Adiantum melanocaulon, used in India for maiden-hair. *Biack MAIpEN-HAIR, Oak fern, Adiantum nigrum. Asple- nium ad. nigrum ;—*COMMON MAIDEN-HAIR, Tvrichomanes ad, rubrum, Aspl. trichomanes ;—*W att RuE, Tent wort, Ad. album Ruta muraria, Salvia vite, Aspl. ruta muraria, Aspl. murale. These have all nearly the same qualities as the true maiden-hair, *SPLEEN-worT, Milt waste, Loradilla, Ceterach, Asplenium scolopendria, Aspl. ceterach, Blechnum squamosum, C. officinalis ;— Mules fern, Hemionitis, Aspl. hemionitis. Astringent. *Hart’s toncvr£, Phyllitis, Lingua cervina, Scolopendrium, Asplenium scolopendrium, Blechnum lignifolium, S. vulgare. Astringent, vulnerary, pectoral, and used in spitting of blood, fluxes, and swelling of the spleen. RovuGuH sPLEEN-wort, Lonchitis, Blechnum boreale. Root aperient and diuretic. *FEMALE FERN, Common brakes, Filiz, F. femina, Pteris aquilina. Root vermifuge; and, in time of scarcity, has been manufactured into a coarse kind of bread. q *Mace FERN, Lilix mas, Polypodium filix mas, Nephrodium crenatum. Root slightly bitter, astringent, a good vermifuge in doses of 3} to 3iiij ; ag Raps the tenia, either by the assistance of.a strong purge, or by repeating the powdered root for some time; it is also boiled in ale, to flavour ic. _ Herb astringent, restores ropy wine in a fe I. VEGETABLES.—Eoauiserace. B Catacuata, Polypodium calaguala. Root sudorific. *PoLyvoDyY OF THE OAK, Polypodium quercinum, P. vulgare. Root saccharine, and slightly purgative ; an infusion 3vj in half a pint of hot water may be taken at twice; by long boiling becomes bitter. | *SMALL OAK FERN, Dryopteris, Polypodium dryopteris. Acrid, Pp i . : _ *Wauire oax FERN, Adiantum Album, P. Rheticum, Cyclo- pteris Rhetica. Used for maiden-hair. *Britrce cup FERN, Ad. album, Cyathea fragilis, P. fragile Cyel. fragilis. Used for maiden-hair. Fragile _ .*FLowerInc FERN, Filix florida, Opliogiosen osmunda, Osmunda regalis. 'The young shoots, made into a conserve, are a specific for the rickets; root boiled in water makes a kind of starch, used to stiffen linen. *Moon wort, Lunaria, Osm. lunaria, Oph. lunaria. Leaves astringent. *ApDDER’s TONGUE, Oph. vulgatum, Oph. spicatum. _ Used to form a celebrated ointment for wounds. 7. LYCOPODINE., *Crus moss, Muscus clavatus, i s6ay LL. clavatum. w days: pollen very inflammable, used in theatres to imitate lightning, by its being thrown across the flame of a candle; repels water so strongly, that if it be strewed upon a basin of that fluid, the hand may bé plunged to the bottom, without being wetted: hence. females employed in delicate works use it to keep their hands free from sweat; used also to roll up boluses and pills, in the plica Po- lonica, | *Urnicut rir moss, Selago, Muscus erectus, Lycopodium selago. Violently emetic and purgative, fit only for robust constitutions which can bear rough medicines ; used by the country girls in the north to procure abortion; the decoction is employed as a wash to destroy lice in swine and cattle. 9. EQUISETACEZ. *Deren nusnes, Equisetum majus, E. hyemale. Epidermis is formed of silica: used to polish wood and metals. Imported from Holland. *Cornn Horse-Tait, Cauda equina minor, Equisetum arvense, EZ. minor ;—* Mansu norse-Tait, L. palustre ;—*Horse-rait, Equisetum, Cauda equina, E. fluviatile. Astringent and vul- nerary. 14 | J. VEGETABLES.—AnoipEz. 10. FLUVIATILES. _ *Porp wEED, Potamogeton, P. natans, Cooling: used in itchings, and against old ulcers. 11. ZOSTERER. _-*Grass wrRack, Alga, mostera marina, %. trinerva, 2. Oceanica. Cooling; used in inflammations, and the gout. ‘The charcoal used in strumous tumours, 12, AROIDE. *WAKE ROBIN, Cuchow pint, Barba Aaronis, Serpentaria minor, Zingiber album, &. Germanicum, Arum, A. maculatum. Root acrid, incisive, detersive ; gr. x. to Dj of the fresh root made into an emulsion with gum Arabic and spermaceti, taken three or four times a day, useful in obstinate rheumatisms: has been used in washing, instead of soap; but unless the juice is well separated, it frets and chaps the hands of the laundresses. ARUM DRACONTIUM, Dracontium pertusum. Dropsical patients are covered with the fresh leaves, which produce a slight, but universal vesication. INDIAN TURNIP, Arum tryphyllum, A. ringens. - Root, - Dracon root, Arum, P. U.S. Boiled in milk used in phthisis. ARUM PEREGRINUM: —A. macrorhizon ;— A. Virginicum ;— Arisarum Amboinum, A. trilobatum ;—Nelenschena, Arum diva- ricatum ;—Calcas, Kachoo, Colocasia, Arum colocasia ;—Frian’s cowL, Arisarum, A, sige eos 3—Dracons, Dracontium, Arum dracunculus ;—-M aun Kacuoo, Arum Indicum ;— Ol, Bol, A. campanulatum ;—A. cordifolium;—Rumpuatr, A. Pentaphyllum ;— A. mucronatum ;—WatEeR Dracons, Calla palustris: Roots used as food. Sxonx Caxnsace, Pothos fetida, Dracontium foetidum, Ictodes fetidus, Symplocarpus feetidus. Root, Dracontium, P. U.S. anti- spasmodic, used in the asthma and hooping cough ; the root of Veratrum viride is sometimes gathered for it by mistake. Inpian Kate, Black cacao, Arum peltatum, Caladium esculen- tum. Roots and petioles esculent. Eppors, Toyos, Arum sagittefolium, Caladium sagitiefolium. Roots imported from the West Indies, eaten boiled, the rough coat being slit, and the pulp squeezed out, it tastes like soap. Duns Canez, Arum regnium, Caladium sequinum. Roots used in fomentation for the gout, or bruised with lard to rub on drop- sical limbs; expressed juice of the stem and root with one fourth a ee ee ee SSRs ot cage. I. VEGETABLES,—GramineEx. 15 of rum is diuretic, but it can scarcely be swallowed.—A, viola- ceum, C. violaceum, Roots esculent. : 15, TYPHACE, *Burr nEEp, Sparganium, S.ramosum. Root given with, wine for the bites of the viper. r *Cats trait, Reed mace, Typha, T. palustris, T. latifolia. Flowers mixed with hog’s lard to cure burns. ) 14, CY PERACE, *Lonc-RooTep cyrervs, English galangale, Cyperus longus ;— Rowunp-rooreD cyrerus, C. rotundus, C. odoratus. Roots sweet-scented, heating, dose 3js to 3j, equal to the foreign aroma- ties; when first powdered the scent is weak, but by keeping it becomes stronger.—C. hezastichos. Used for the true Cyperus rotundus. - Aprue, Cyperus articulatus. Root aromatic, stimulant, used — for Virginia snake-root: infusion good in vomiting and fluxes. - Rusu nut, C esculentus. Root eatable, and when roasted makes good coffee. | *Buxx ros, Holoschenos, Scirpus lacustris. Seed astringent, emmenagogue, diuretic, hypnotic. *Sea-sepcr, Carer arenaria;—*Woop srpcE, C. sylvatica ; —*Basranp SarsapariLta, German sarsaparilla, Carex villosa ; —*C. hirta ;—*C. disticha ;—*C. intermedia. Roots used for sarsaparilla. 15. GRAMINEZ, _ Seeds nutritive, the basis of bread; and, in general, form the most usual food of man, and several animals. They are almost universally wholesome ; some few possess an aromatic quality ; the bran of most contains an acrid rosin, to get rid of which, the seeds are husked, or pearled, by being steamed, dried, and ground in mills for that purpose. ‘The stems contain a saccharine juice. Waite waeart, Siligo, Triticum hybernum ;—Red wheat, T. 3—Calbigia, T. hybernum granis rubescentibus ;— Bearded wheat, Bled blanc, Brance, T. estivum hybernum, T. aristatum ae :—Spring wheat, Gom, Froment de Mars, Bled rouge, ernello, T. aestivum ;—Cone wheat, T. turgidum, T. pyramidale ; ay wheat, Gray pollard, Duckh-bill wheat, T. turgidum 3— ian wheat, Many-eared wheat, T. compositum ;—Polish wheat, ic wheat, Forty days’ wheat, Two months’ wheat, T. foliaceum, T. Polonicum ;—Brenr Bariry, Saint Peter’s corn, Rea, Briza, rete minor, Frumentum barbatum, T. monococcum ;—Spelt wheat, ran farro, Far, Ador, Spelta major, Zea dicoccos, T’. Spelta ;— Cascola bianca. T. Chalepense spicd breviore nitidissima alba, seu 16 I. VEGETABLES.—GramineEs. T. Josephi, and several other species, are cultivated for grinding into a flour to make the best bread or other farinaceous food ; the seeds also serve to make starch, farro and semolino; the Cascola bianca is cultivated principally for its brilliant slender straw, used in making hats, although it makes very good bread. The ears of wheat are occasionally eaten parched,-but if used for any time are very hurtful.—Farro, usually made from spelt wheat, steamed, dried, and pearled as in making pearl barley.—Soojec, Semolino, Semola, Urena: The heart of the grain, that resists the action of the mill, the stones being soft, blunt, and not set close, remaining in granules like coarse sand, mostly made from red wheat: im- — from Italy.—Semoletta, Semola rarita., A still smaller ind of pearled wheat separated from the preceding by sifting.— * ; All of these are used for making gruel, and thickening soups and milk; the two latter for making vermicelli and other Italian ee Furfur. Mixed with fine white bread to render it axative; a decoction of it, white drink, common mash, used as a restorative, and alterative for horses. Coucn Grass, Gramen officinarum, Triticum repens.. Root used in pectoral decoctions. Waite oats, Avena sativa alba ;—Black oats, A. s. nigra ;— Naked oats, Pill, Pilcorn, A. nuda ;—Spanish oat, A. strigosa.— Grain used to feed horses ; fourteen pounds by the day being the usual allowance: but hard worked horses must not be stinted. A great part passes through them unchanged, unless the oats are bruised, or wetted with salt water, in which case they are com- pletely digested: it is also made into grits and flour.—Grits, Gruau davoine, Avene semina, P. L. Grutellum, C. P. Oats cut into two or three pieces, and the husks separated by a mill: used for making a heating, stimulant gruel. Barry, Spring barley, Jow, Grudum, Hordeum, Hordeum distichum ;— Turkey barley, H. d. nudum ;—Square barley, Bere, H. vulgare, H. tetrastichum, H. polystichum vernum ;— Naked barley, Black barley, Barley wheat, H. celeste, H. vulgare cceleste, H. tetrastichum nudum, Zeopyrum, Triticospeltum ;—Full barley, Sta-sided barley, Bigg, Round barley, Winter barley, Greek barley, Escourgeon, H. hexastichum, H. h. hybernum ; —Sprat. barley, Battledore barley, German rice, H. zeocriton, H. distichum 8, Zeocri- ton commune ;—All of these are cultivated for making pearled barley or malt.—Pearl barley, Hordeum mundatum, H. perlatum, Hordeum, P. U.8., Hordei semina, P. L., the seeds of spring barley steamed to soften the skin, then dried and ground in a mill to separate the husk, except that lodged in the deep furrow of the seed ;—Scotch pearl barley, French barley,Hordeum perlatum, the seeds ground smaller than the last into spherical granules, generally made from bigg or bere:-——Farro di orzo, made from I, VEGETABLES.—GramineEx. 17 sprat barley:—All these pearl barleys are used to make a cooling gruel, to thicken soups, and as ingredients in pectoral and anti-febrile drinks. Malt, Maltum, Bina, is made from any of the species of barley soaked in water for two or three days, or until the water turns reddish, then drained, spread about two feet thick on a floor where it heats, and emits its root or spike: it is then spread thinner for two or three days, then “nil up again until it heats again, finally dried on a kiln, and the roots separated by screen- ing. Five pounds of spring barley produce about four of malt. t is used to make an ps Be a analeptic infusion, and its decoction is fermented to form beer and ale.—Grains. The exhausted malt left from brewing, used in London as a food for cows, to whose milk it communicates a peculiar flavour, and tendency to putrescence. Rye, Secale, S. cereale hybernum ;—Spring Rye, S. c. estivum. Seeds malted and manufactured into rye spirit, also ground to flour.—Spurred rye, Ergot, S. cornutum, P. U.S. Diseased grains of rye, which, when ground with healthy rye and made into bread, produces gangrene of the limbs; now in use as an emme- pagogue in small doses; and to accelerate the contraction of the womb in protracted labour, and passive uterine hemorrhage; dose 10 to 15 gr. powdered every ten minutes, or as an infusion. Maize, Indian Corn, Turkey Corn, Formentone, Melicone, Bhoota Mukha, 2ca, 2. mays. Yourg ears roasted for food ; ripe grain made into flour ; used by biscuit-bakers. IxpI1an Rice, Oryza, O. Indica, O. sativa ;—Seeds, rough rice, Dain, Paddy, used to feed birds; a spirit is distilled from it called arrack. Husked seeds, rice, boiled for food, and to make an astringent decoction ;—Ground rice, used for puddings. Mitier, Milium Panicum miliaceum, M. esculentum, P. milium. Husked seeds, M. mundatum, used to make gruel, also ground for flour ;—Panic, P. glaucum, Setaria glauca. Seeds used to feed ltry, and sometimes for gruel ;—Miglio panico, Cognee, P. Italicum, Setaria Italica. Seeds small, very delicate and wholesome, added in India to beer to make it more intoxicating ; —Chinna, P. pilosum ;—Saumah, P. frumentaceum. Seeds used in India as grain. Inptan Conn, Natchenny, Morhua, Sesame, Sesamum, Cyno- surus coracanus. Seeds size of a mustard-seed, dark coloured, fine flavoured, made into milk gruel, or ground into flour. *Srrine Grass, Anthoranthum odoratum. Nearly resembles eamel’s hay and Indian nard; dried herb used as a substitute for tea: the very agreeable odour of new hay is owing to this grass ; Toot aromatic. 12lb. of hay, or at most 141b. is the full quantity c 18 I. VEGETABLES.—GraminEz. that ought to be allowed to a horse that works regularly and moderately. ) *Frore Grass, Manna grass, Gramen manne, Ulwa, Typha, Festuca fluitans.—Husked seeds, Russia seeds, manna seeds, nutri- tive, sweet, eaten, : Sugar caNE, Arundo saccharina, Saccharum. officinale ;— Chinese sugar cane, S. Sinense. Juice yields sugar.—*Reed, Arundo vallatoria, A. phragmites. Root diuretic, depurative ; panicles dye wool green.— Bamboo cane, A. tabaxifera, A. bambos, Bambusa arundinacea ;—B. baccifera. Yield tabasheer. *ReEED Grass, Gramen arundinaceum, Arundo calamagrostis ;— Great reed, A. donax. Roots diuretic and emmenagogue. *CanarY Grass, Phalaris, P. Canariensis. Juice of the herb drank in pain of the bladder: seed used to feed small birds, and ground to make flour paste. Warxooco, Paspalum frumentaceum, Seeds used for food. Jozn’s TEARS, Lachryma Jobi, Coix lachryma, C. ovata, Seeds : diuretic, and used to make anodyne necklaces for teething children. CANADA RICE, Zizania aquatica. Bears the cold better than any other species of grain, and would probably become the bread- corn of the north, beyond the latitudes in which oats grow freely, from its productiveness, but that its seeds do not ripen all at one time. Lemon crass, Camel's hay, Sweet rush, Scheenanthus, Juncus odoratus, Andropogon scheenanthus, Stalk and leaves aromatic, sharp-tasted, heating, attenuant, discussive, tonic ; contains a resin analogous to myrrh: a species in Mithridate and Venice treacle, _ The infusion of it drank in India by those with whom Chinese _ tea does not agree. GinceR Grass, Nard Syriaque ? Andropogon parancura. An essential oil is distilled from it in India. INDIAN sPIKENARD, Nardus Indica, Andropogon nardus. Bitter, — smells like cyperus, and has the qualities of camel’s hay ; a species in Mithridate and Venice treacle. Turkey MILLET, Indian millet, Jooar, Durra, Milium Indicum, Holcus sorghum, Sorghum commune. Grain black, yields little flour, used to feed poultry.— White Jlat-seeded sorgho, S. album, HZ. sorghum ;—Saggina rubra, Sorghum vulgare rubens, S. Arduini, HI. rubens ;—Black-seeded sorgho, H. niger ;—Guinea corn, Bar- badoes mallet, Milium Sabeum, 8. vulgare bicolor, H. bicolor ;— Couscous, Bajorah, Panicum Americanum, H. spicatus, Pennisetum spiculum, Pennicillaria | gs 3— Yellow-seeded Indian millet, H. dachna, S. saccharatus, H. saccharatus, Seeds used as breadcorn, _ L VEGETABLES.—Parwx. “19 or made into gruel.—H. Cafer. Stalk very saccharine, juice made into sugar. _ *Drankx, Wild oat grass, Bromus, B. sterilis. Seed drying, corrects stinking breath ; decoction vermifuge. Guitno, Bromus catharticus. Seed ? purgative. : 16. JUNCEZ. - *ComMON sort rusH, Juncus vulgaris, J. effusus s—* Pricking large searush, Oxyscheenos, J. acutus. Astringent. _ *Sweer Fac, Calamus aromaticus, Acorus calamus, A. undu- latus. Root, calami radix, broad, few-jointed, a sweet-scented eable stomachic, which might be used for the foreign spices ; from 9j to 3j; used to flavour Prussian rye spirit and French snuff. Green root is candied.— A, verus, A. Indicus, A. Asiaticus. Root slender, many-jointed ; aromatic. 17. PALM. By tapping many of these trees they yield a juice called todd: which when drank fresh in the cool of the morning is a mild aperient; when the day gets warm it begins to ferment and is converted into wine, and lastly, vinegar, unless boiled down for a coarse brown sugar, jaggery.. The pith of the trunk of man alms yields by washing a fecula, sago ; and the kernels of their nuts yield by expression a butter-like oil. Date tree, Palma, Phenix dactylifera. Fruit, dates, dactylus, : ine, fleshy, emollient, slightly astringent, and pectoral. _ Saco vatm, Sego, Sagou, Sagus genuina, S. palma pinus, 8. vinifera. Viele the best sago. _ Sacuaster masor, Caryota urens. Yields toddy and sago; juice of the fruit used to poison wells; kernel made into a sweet- I meat. _ Guryea rato, Oil palm, Palma olcosa, Eleis Guinensis. Yields palm oil. — Prickty pote, Cocos Guinensis, Bactris rotunda, B. minor. Fruit oily. . Cocoa trex, Palma cocos, Cocos nucifera. Yields the best “ae fruit bud cabbage, used for food ; nuts, cocoa nuts, contain a y juice, very refreshing; flesh strong-tasted, very nutri- tive, fattening, used in stews, rubbed down with water used as milk; yield an oil by boiling or expression, Confounded with cacao nut. _ Borrer-nur tere, Cocos butyracea. Fruit yields a solid oil. _ Nira vara. Cocos Nypa. Yields toddy. _ Great Macaw trex, Black ebony tree, Ebenus Aithiopica, Cocos aculeatus, C. fusiformis. Yields macaw fat. c2 20 ~ JT. VEGETABLES,.—Co.tcuHicace. Catamus praco. Fruit yields dragon’s blood. po Sucar paum, Borassus gomutus, Arenga saccharifera. Yields sago and excellent toddy. Cuamerops. iy Os ae, Ne Sipten. tee a - = Se a ee ee ee ee) Oe a See I, VEGETABLES,—PrvseriveEs. 31 Cork TREE, Quercus suber. Bark, cork, suber, very light, elastic, astringent, more used in stopping vessels than in medicine. Ever-GREEN OAK, Quercus ilex. Astringent, more so than the common oak. On this live the kermes insects. - Quercus BALLoTa. Acorns used as food ; yield oil. Qvercus raccata. Leaves used externally in gangrene. _ *Bescu, Fagus, F. reeus Seeds, beech mast, useful in gravelly complaints, yield oil by expression, _ . _ *Spanisu cuestNutT, Castanea, Fagus castanea, Bark astrin- ent; fruit, dried upon hurdles oyer a clear fire, nutritive, Curneuarin, Castanea pumila. Bark, castanea P. U. S., astringent, 43. PLATANIDES. | _. Ligvmamsar styracirtua. Bark odoriferous in fumiga- tions; yields, by incision or decoction, liquid storax.—L. orientalis, Thought to yield storax. _ Puane trex, Platanus orientalis. Leaves ophthalmic in wine ; bark antiscorbutic infused in vinegar. _. Vimcrnta PLANE TREE, Platanus occidentalis. Root vulne- rary, dyes red, 44, MYRICEA. - *Sweet wittow, Dutch myrtle, Gale frutex, Myrica gale. Strong smelling, driving away insects; leaves astringent, substi- tuted for tea, vermifuge, used as spice. - Caypreserry Myrtie, Myrica cerifera. Roots in infusion very astringent ; berries yield green wax. _- Mynica Pennsyivanica ;—M. Carolinensis. Yield green wax. 45. ULMIDE. *Exim, Ulmus, U. campestris. Exudes ulmine; inner tough bark, wmi cortex, astringent, febrifuge, in doses of 9} to 3} ; leaves vulnerary. Stirpreny ELM, Ulmus fulva. Inner bark, ulmus, P. U.S. febrifuge. | Utmus Curnensis. Leaves used as tea. | Nerrie tree, Celtis australis. Berries astringent, esculent; kernels yield an oil; wood dyes brown. 46, PIPERIDE. Herbs aromatic ; seeds hot, used as spices. Brack rerren vine, Piper nigrum. Herb acrid, aromatic, stimulant, sialogogue; berry, black pepper, mellaghoo, piper 32 I. VEGETABLES.—Arrocarre. nigrum, piperis nigri bacce, the same: also much used in cookery as a spice, particularly in pilaus, mellaghootanies, and curries, and in preserving lampreys and ormiers; dose gr. v to 9}, and in larger a in intermittent fevers; also used to drive away insects ; —white pepper, piper album. Made by soaking black pepper in salt water, and rubbing off the outside skin, or by merely rubbing the over-ripe berries that fall from the vines, is milder. O/fficinal preparations.—Confectio piperis nigri. Conserva rute, and Un- guentum pip. nigr. D. Lone PEPPER VINE, Piper longum. Unripe fruit, long pepper, piper longum, piperis longi fructus, opening, attenuant, stimulant, in doses similar to the former ;—Elephant pepper, is a larger variety of this species. | Smatt AMERICAN LONG PEPPER, Mecaxochitle, Piper obtusifo- lium. Leaves used to flavour chocolate. Brtet, Piper betele. Leaves bitter, stomachic, tonic, highly aphrodisiac ; used as a masticatory with areka nut.—P. siriboa. Leaves used for those of betel. JABORAND, Piper reticulatum. Juice an antidote against the poison of mushrooms and cassada. Cuses, Piper cubeba. Berry, cabob pepper, tailed pepper, cubebe, cubeba, the same quality as the other peppers; used in cookery as a spice, and to ornament boiled poultry, stuck in rows on the sides; also in gonorrheea 3ss to 3jss three times a-day ; but in India, 3iij six or eight times a-day. Officinal preparation.— Tinct. cubebe. D. Santa Marta tear, Piper umbellatum. Herb, in syrup, — used in colds and coughs. PEPPER ELDER, Piper amalago. Used externally in baths and fomentations. Carparica, Piper carpapiga. Leaves used in dyspepsia, and to preserve stuffed animals from insects. NARROW LEAVED PEPPER, Piper angustifolium. Decoction used in venereal diseases.—P. peltatum. Fruit used externally in swellings and dropsy.—P. cordifolium. Acrid. Piper INEBRIANS. Green herb used to make an inebriating drink, as may indeed be most of this genus.—P. crystallinum, Peperomia crystallina. Has the odour of anise, and may be used for it. MaruuskEa, Saururus vernus. Root fresh and roasted, used as an emollient poultice, and to allay inflammation. 47. ARTOCARPE/L, Stem milky, containing elastic gum. Jetting Ap aseeh ecejeeeD temebinagac aecoeenaen aie Se Soe Send Se rN cae ee I. VEGETABLES.—ARrTOCARPE®. 33 *Fic TREE, Ficus vulgaris, F. carica, Dried fruit, carica, carice , emollient, laxative, pectoral, used as a suppurative Itice; milk of the tree caustic, consumes warts; leaves kept na upon the skin, inflame it. . SycamMorE FIG, Ficus sycamorus. Fruit less agreeable and less digestible than the other. Ficus roxtcarta, Used to impoison weapons. _ Ficus serrica. A _ powerful vermifuge; milky juice very acrid, | JAMAICA FIG TREE, Ficus Benghalensis. Mailky juice used against the poison of manchineal. _ InpIAN Fic TREE, Ficus Indica. Milky juice glutinous, and becomes a soft kind of Indian rubber. LisBoN CONTRAYERVA, Contrayerva Drakena, Dorstenia con- — Root, contrajerve radix, imported from the West Indies, in pieces about two inches long, packed in_ bales. When fresh, acrid; when dry, aromatic, stimulant, antiseptic, diaphoretic ; dose, gr,x—xxx; in decoction or infusion to 3ij. The roots of yarrow, or of button snake weed, may be used as substitutes, Caaria, Dorstenia Brasiliensis ;—D. Drakena ;—D. Houstoni. Roots diaphoretic: are all sold as contrayerva. Breap Fruit TREE, Artocarpus incisa. Fruit, meat fruit, bread fruit, when unripe, contains a farinaceous pulp ; before the seeds fill the fruit is very pulpy and pleasant. Jack TREE, Artocarpus jaca. Fruit eatable; juice yielded by incision, elastic like Indian rubber; bark said to inks Chinese rice paper, used for flower painting; others ascribe this paper to Nelumbium speciosum. Wowntay, Artocarpus Benghalensis. Fruit preserved in salt, used in cookery instead of tamarinds. ~~ . . . . . Antianis ToxicartA, Ipo toxicaria. Milky juice, upas antiar, used to poison instruments. Bacassa. Tree lactescent ; fruit eatable. *Wurre mutserry, Morus alba ;—* Red mulberry, M. rubra. Fruits esculent. *Brack mutsernry, Morus nigra. Bark of the root cathartic, vermifuge, dose 3ss in powder ; fruit, mora, mori bacce, esculent, made into a syrup. Fostic, Morus tinctoria, M. xanthorylum. Abounds with a sulphureous milk ; wood, old fustic, bois jaune, bois d’ Angleterre ; a in large blocks: with alum dyes a very durable yellow colour, with iron liquor drab colours, and with both mor- dants, an olive. D 34 I, VEGETABLES.—EvpnHorsBiacex. Toa vrENs. Bark yields gum; seed edible. Tuoa EDuLIs ;—Hedycarya dentata. Seeds sweet, eatable. 48. URTICER. *CoMMON NETTLE, Urtica, U. dioica ;—*Roman nettle, U. Romana, U. pilulifera. Roots astringent ; seeds pectoral. : *SMALL STINGING NETTLE, Urtica urens. Roots astringent, ; ; diuretic, depurative; plant used in palsy and lethargy’ as an irritant, iamunies a crop of small blisters on the skin ; the young shoots boiled as potherbs. Hemr, Ganja, Cannabis, C. sativa, C. Indica. Juice made into an agreeable inebriating drink ; seeds oily, cooling, antia- phrodisiac, pectoral, aperitive, but inebriating, and producing fatuity ; leaves used as tobacco. ‘ JEEA, Cannabis Jeea. Yields the gum resin, cherris. i i *PELLITORY OF THE WALL, Parietaria, Helxine, P. officinalis. Herb cooling, opening, diuretic, pectoral, antiasthmatic. ¢ *Hor, Lupulus, Humulus lupulus. Young shoots eaten as a _ depurative; flowers, hops, humuli strobili, bitter, inebriating, — diuretic, also sedative; used to flavour beer, and the only legal substance for that purpose vellow powder sifted from the strobiles, Jupuline, os Fm a qualities same as the strobiles, but much stronger; yields an essential oil. Marsh trefoil leaves, wood sage, fringed bog bean, Geum montanum, Carolina shrub trefoil, and Momordica charantia, are used as substitutes for hops. Officinal preparations, — Tinctura humuli, D. Z. Extractum humuli, D. L. 50. EUPHORBIACEA, The milky juice is caustic, nauseous, and purgative. Embryo, or corculum of the seeds usually violently emetic or purgative. — *. * *Frencn mercury, Mercurialis mas et foemina, M. annua. Herb detersive, purgative, resolvent, and emmenagogue. *Doe’s mERCuURY, Cynocrambe, Mercurialis A tinge Herb used instead of French mercury, but has produced fatal acci- dents. CHILDREN’S MERCURY, Phyllon, Mercurialis tomentosa. Herb used by the Moors in female diseases, decoction recommended in hydrophobia. TRIANGULAR sPuRGE, Liuphorbia antiquorum ;—E, Canari- ensis ;—E, officinarum. Yield gum euphorbium; are cathartic. —E, heptagona. Juice used to poison weapons.—Z£, edulis. A kitchen herb, EvPHORBIA TIRUCALLI. Cathartic, emetic, antisyphilitic; — I. VEGETABLES.—EvrnorsBiacex. 35 exhalations affect the eyes.—E. canescens ;—E. pilulifera. Anti- syphilitic, useful in venomous bites. *GARDEN spuRGE, Cataputia minor, Lathyris, Euphorbia lathyris. Seeds, no. 12 or 14, purge and vomit violently, useful in how ; as they yield a fine oil, have been proposed for cultiva- tion for that purpose; the oil purgative in doses of five or six drops: leaves inebriate fish; milk corrodes warts; decoction depilatory. | Rove rruirep spurce, Euphorbia verrucosa ;—Knobbed rooted spurge, Apios, E. apios. Caustic.—Petty spurge, Peplus, E. 3—Tree spurge, Tithymalus dendroides, EH. dendroides ; —Thyme spurge, Chamesyce, E. chamesyce ;—Myrtle spurge; myrsinites, E. myrsinites ;—* Wood spurge, Tithymalus characias, E.. characias. All violently cathartic. *Sun spurcr, Wartwort, Euphorbia helioscopia. Juice applied to warts.—* Purple sea spurge, Reveillematin, E. peplis. Purga- tive; milk acrid; the eyelids being touched with it, itch so as to hinder sleep. Great spurce, Esula major, Euphorbia palustris. Cathartic. —Lesser spurge, Esula minor, Euphorbia pithyusa. Milk pur- gative, corrected by acids. — Euphorbia Gerardiana ;—Large- flowered spurge, E. corollata ;—Ipecacuanha spurge, EF, ipecacuanha. Roots emetic, mixed with true ipecacuanha, and used for it. _ Cataca, Creeping hairy spurge, Euphorbia hirta. Dried plant, 3j, purgative, used in dry belly-ach. _ *Evrnorsra cyrartsstas. Juice may be used for scammony ; is also emetic.—* Broad-leaved spurge, Li. platyphylla :—E. pisca- toria, Used to inebriate fish_—Z, ophthalmica. Used in blind- ness.—* Evergreen wood spurge, Tithymalus sylvaticus lunato flore, T. sylvaticus, Euphorbia amygdaloides. Emetic.— Narrow-leaved rs spurge, Tithymalus amygdaloides angustifolius, E. segetalis ; —Sea spurge, Tithymalus paralias, E. paralias. Are all used as pataives and for the other uses of spurge. _ Cicca racemosa. Berry acid, eatable. _Puytiantuus Emprica. Fruit, myrobalanus emblica, purga- tive, acidulous, rather austere ; when pickled excites the appetite ; root astringent, used in dyeing. PuYLLANTHUS NIRURI;—P, urinaria. Febrifuge, diuretic, astringent. PHYLLANTHUSs vinosA. Bark astringent, deleterious to fish, "Box tree, Burus, B. sempervirens. Wood sudorific. - Patma Cunist1, Oil bush, Ricinus communis, R. c. minor. Seeds, Mexico seeds, castor seeds, ricini semina, purgative; yield p2 36 I. VEGETABLES.—EvruorBiAcE®. oil, by boiling or expression; root, in decoction, diuretic ; leaves, with lard, used externally, as an emollient poultice. Ricinus coMMUNIS MAJorR, &. viridis. Seeds, lamp oil seeds. Yield oil. . Croron TicLium. Seeds, Molucca grains, purging nuts, grana tiglia, gr. ss with catechu gr. j, very hydragogue, emetic, emme- nagogue, corrected by acids, or roasting, 6 oil; wood, lignum pavane, has the same qualities, but weaker, sudorific in a small dose. CascariLLa, C. cascarilla. C. Eleuteria. Clutia Eleuteria ? Bark, Eleuteria bark, narcaphte, thymiama, cortex thuris, cascarille cortez, imported from Eleutheria, in the Bahama Islands: bitter, very febrifuge, stops vomiting, the dysentery, and menorrhagia, dose gr. xv to 3j;.aromatic when burnt, and used to scent tobacco for smoking, but inebriates ; dyes a fine black. Officinal prepara- tions.—Tinct. and infus. Cascarillee, D. L. CascARILLA BALSAMIFERUM ;—C. aromaticum, and some other species, are used to aromatise distilled liqueurs in the West Indies.—C. lineare. A specific in cholic.—C. Moluccanum. Seeds, having the corculum taken out, esculent.— C. humile. Used in baths for nervous weaknesses. TALLow TREE oF CurinaA, Cascarilla sebiferum, Sapium sebi- ferum. Seeds yield tallow.—C. lacciferum. Yields Ceylon lac. ° *Turnsot, Heliotropium, Cascarilla tinctorium. Juice blue, easily changed red by acids, and green by alkalies; used to dye rags and paper.—C. tricuspidatum. Juice blue, resembles turnsol. BARBADOES NUT TREE, Jatropha curcas. Seeds, common physic nut, very violently purgative and emetic, no. 2 or 3, carefully peeled ; yield an oil: rab yields, on incision, a lactescent and caustic juice which dyes linen black; leaves rubefacient.—J. glauca. Seeds pressed for their oil. JATROPHA GLANDULosa;— Wild cassada, J. gossipifolia. Young leaves, no. 6, boiled as greens, a powerful purge; no. 15—20, in decoction, with some castor oil, used as a clyster in dry belly- ach; the powder of the gland contained in the stem is an errhine. FRENCH PHYSIC NUT, Jatropha multifida. Seed, avellana pur- gatrix, no. 1, a violent purge, yield oil. Bitter cassava, Jatropha manihot. Root full of an acrid, poisonous, milky juice, separable by expression, or corrected by roasting, thus yielding a nutritive farina; also by boiling the juice, which is used as a sauce, and made into soy. SwEET cassava, Jatropha janipha. Roots, meal roots, soaked in water, dried and powdered are nutritive—Hyena poison, J. globosa, Hyenanche globosa, Toxicodendron Capense. Fruit in ee et far a me Se ee _— le ed ee ae 8 I. VEGETABLES. — AnistTorocniz. 37 powder used to poison hyznas.—Elastic gum tree, J. elastica, Siphonia elastica, Hevea Guianensis. Yields, by incision, elastic gum.—Vernicia montana. Kernels yield oil. Exececarta acattocua. Wood, aloes wood, eagle wood, bois aloes, lignum aloes, lignum aquilinum, cordial, useful in rheu- matism and gout, odoriferous ; exhalation so acrid as to attack the eyes. ) - Poonac, Rottleria tinctoria. 'The outside of the capsules yields a yellow dye, wassunta gunda.—Sapium aucuparium ;—Hippo- mane biglandulosa. Yield birdlime. Mancuineat, Hi mancinella, Fruit beautiful, but So caustic as to corrode the mouth and occasion vomiting ; juice of the tree used to poison weapons.— Ficarium Cochinchinense. Pruit edible. 51. ARISTOLOCHI. The plants of this order are emmenagogue. LonG-nooTeD BIRTH-woRT, Aristolochia longa ;—Round birth- wort, A. rotunda, Roots taken to 3jss, hot, odorous, powerfully incisive. *Urricut BirtH-wort, Aristolochia clematitis ;—A. pistolochia. Roots emmenagogue. JAMAICA CONTRAYERVA, Aristolochia odorata. Root, in infu- sion, diuretic, purgative, stomachic, and emmenagogue. VIRGINIA SNAKE root, Serpentaria Virginiana, Aristolochia ia, Root, serpentarie radix, antiseptic, heating, alexiterial, diaphoretic; an active medicine, given in doses of gr. x to 38s of the powder, or an infusion of 3), every four hours, against the bites of snakes and canine madness. Imported from America, in bales of 200 to 500 lbs. ; frequently mixed with the roots of Collinsonia pracox. The roots of Cyperus articulatus, used as substitutes. Officinal preparation.—Tinct. in all the colleges. CANADA SNAKE ROOT, Asarum Canadense. Root, Asarum, P.U.S.;—Black snake weed, Serpentaria nigra, Asarum Virgini- anum. Roots are mixed with those of Virginia snake root, and have the same qualities. | Hyvocistus, Asarum hypocistus, Cytinus hypocistus. Very astringent. *ASARABACCA, Asarum vulgare, A. Europeum. Root a drastic puree; working, in doses of 9j to 3}, if finely wdered, upwards ; t if coarsely powdered, downwards; it is also used as a sternu- tatory, from gr. j to gr. ij: leaves, asari folia, milder, and were the usual emetic before the introduction of ipecacuanha, no, 6 to 9 in whey ; they are also applied to wounds. 38 I, VEGETABLES.—TaymMrLaz. 52, SANTALACEA. ? SANDAL TREE OF TecameEz.. Yields a rosin; leaves rubbed — between the hands, and applied to the temples, used to take off — the headach occasioned by severe drinking. “ @ SANDAL TREE, Sirium myrtifolium. The outside of the wood, — white sanders, santalum album ; the heart of the tree, yellow sanders, _ santalum citrinum ; aromatic, slightly bitter and sweetish, cordial, cephalic. *THESIUM LINOPHYLLUM. Astringent. 53. ELAAGNEA. *SaLLow THORN, Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides. Leaves purgative ; berries, made into a sauce. *NARROW LEAVED WILD OLIVE, Lleagnus angustifolia. Ver- mifuge. 54, THYMELACAS. Plants of this order are caustic, particularly their bark. *EVERGREEN SPURGE LAUREL, Laureola, Chamedaphne, Daphne Laureola. Usually sold for mezereon. *MEzEREON, Spurge olive, Chamelea, Laureola foemina, Mezes — reum, Daphne Mezereum. Bark, mezerei cortex, Officinal pre- — a geglaamitana mezerel, D. £. Decoct. sarsap. comp. D. Rock rosE, Cneorum niger, Daphne cneorum ;—*Spurge flax, — Thymelea, D. Gnidium. Have all similar qualities, but the latter seems the most efficacious. Bark of all these serves as a vesica- tory, and ulcerates the parts to which it is applied; it has been chewed in palsy of the tongue with success; taken internally, in doses of only a few grains, it is a dangerous drastic, working beth upwards and downwards. Berries, grana Gnidia, equally drastic, added to vinegar to give it apparent strength ; herb used to dye yellow. Both the bark and berries are steeped in vinegar, and dried to render them milder. » Heatu spurce, Sanamunda, Daphne tarton-rairi. Leaves caustic. Poget’s ROSEMARY, Cassia veterum spuria, Osyris, O. alba, — Astringent. PasserRiIna TiIncToria. Used to dye yellow. LeatTHER-woop, Dircea palustris. Bark acrid, emetic, gr. v to x, externally produces blisters. I. VEGETABLES.—Lavnrina. 39 55. PROTEACEA. Guenvina AvELLANA, Quadria heterophylla. Kernels escu- lent, very pleasant. Persoonta taurtna, P. salicina. Fruit esculent.—Persoonia lanceolata, Linkia levis; —P. linearis; —P. hirsuta, Fruits esculent. Persoonra cvareorpEs. Bark used for the Peruvian bark ; nuts yield oil. 56. MYRISTICE. Nurmec tree, Myristica officinalis, M. moschata. .The kernel of the fruit, nutmeg, nux moschata, myristice nuclei, myris- tice moschate fructits nucleus. Membrane enclosing the seed, mace, macis. Are stomachic, cephalic, uterine, and cordial ; in an over dose, say 3ij, the nutmeg is soporific and produces delirium. By distillation they yield an essential oil, and by expression a concrete oil. Officinal preparations.—Spiritus nucis moschate, D.L, E. Spirit. ammon. arom,., D. Spt. armoracie comp., D. Spt. lavand. comp., D. L. £. Confectio aromatica, D, L. Electu- arium catechu, £. Myristica sesirera, Virola sebifera ;—Barabee. Kernels pressed for their oil. 57. LAURIN. Very aromatic, fruits or berries oily and odoriferous. *Bay rree, Laurus, L. nobilis. Berries, lauri bacce, 3ss to 5jss, very heating and emmenagogue; yield oil by decoction or by the press. Leaves, /auri folia, aromatic : prepared by soaking in vinegar and drying. Officinal preparations of the berries.— Conserva rute, D. L. Emplastrum cumini, Z. — Avocapo rear TREE, Laurus persea ;—L. glauca. Fruits yield oil. Camrnirr tree, Laurus camphora. Roots yield camphire by distillation. Crynamon trer, Laurus cinnamomum Bark of the first pyr breaking shivery, with a warm flavour, cinnamon, canelle Ceylon, cinnamomum, cinnamomi cortex, lauri cinnamomi cortex, Imported from Ceylon, in bales of about 92lb. :—Chinese cinna- mon, Canelle de China, cinnamomum e China. In smaller bundles, often only a single quill, dark coloured, slightly aromatic, yields much oil, contains starch ;—bark of an inferior quality, breaking short, with a slimy mucilaginous taste, cassia, cassia lignea, cassie ] cortex, lauri cassie cortex, cassie cortex. Canelle de enne, cinnamomum Cayennensis. Pale, with a very slimy taste ;—bark of the trunk of old wild trees, Bastard cassia, pepper 40 I. VEGETABLES.—Lavrina. | bark ? canelle matte? cassia cinnamomea, cinnamomum Indicum ;— twigs with the bark left on, xylocasia, cassia lignea of the ancients ;—dried leaves, cassia leaves, folium Indicum, folium Indum, malabathrum ; oblong, ovate, shining, with three ribs ;— dried receptacle of the seeds, cassia buds, cabob china, bacce cassia, flores cassia, cassie lignee flores nondum expliciti, lauri cassie flos nondum explicitus ; imported in chests of different sizes, mostly from China. All these are stomachic, tonic, and cordial, in doses of gr. v to 9j, and are much used in cookery as spices: the bark that is not fit for sale, even under the name of cassia, is distilled for its oil. Officinal preparations, very numerous: the principal are—Aqua cinnam., L. E. D. Spirit. cinn. L. EF. D. Spir. lavand. comp. L.#..D. Tinct. card. comp. L. D. Tinct. cinn. L. LH. D. Vinum opii. Z. D. Pulv. cretee comp. L, EL. D. Confectio aromatica, L. D.. WILD cINNAMON TREE, Laurus cassia, L. myrrha. Leaves bitter, narrow, pointed, elliptical, sold for folium Indicum.—L. Japonica. Leaves sold for folium Indicum, but very different in taste. SASSAFRAS TREE, Laurus sassafras. Root, sassafras radix ; wood, cinnamon wood, sassafras lignum ; imported from the West Indies in logs: sudorific, heating, and drying ; yield essential oil. Officinal preparations. —Oleum sassafras, D. E. L. Decoct. guaiaci comp. D. H. Decoct. sarsap. comp. D. L. | Laurus BENzZoIN. Bark used for cinnamon.—L. culilaban. Bark, culilawan, cortex caryophylloides, brownish red, flat, thick, odour strong between clove bark and sassafras; leaves resemble those of raventsara: both are heating, stimulant, and stomachic. Iste or FraNcE cINNAMON, Laurus capularis ; — Peruvian cinnamon, L. Quizos. Barks aromatic, astringent. Laurus parviro.ia ;—L. globosa ;—L. feetens ;—L. caustica. Barks contain an acrid principle. LAuRASTER AMBOYNENSIS, Laurus. ...., Tetranthera pichurim. Seeds, sassafras nuts, Brazilian bean, fuba pichurim, stomachic, astringent, anodyne, used in diarrhoea and dysentery ; yield oil. | JAcK IN A Box. Hernandia sonora. Fruit astringent ; seeds oily, purgative.— American myrobalans, H. ovigera. Fruit as- tringent. Lits#a sesirera. Sebifera glutinosa. Berries yield oil.— Litsea cubeba, Laurus piperita.. Berries carminative. CHLOROMYRON VERTICILLATUM. Yields by incision balsamum_ viride. Mroscuinos optonea. Leaves used for those of senna. PLEGORHIZA ASTRINGENS, Root vulnerary, astringent. | | | | LL. VEGETABLES.—Potyconr. 41 58. POLYGONE. Herbs acid or astringent, containing oxalic acid; contain also a red colouring matter, and may be used in tanning; leaves may be made to yield woad. *RueEuM PALMATUM. Roots, Turkey rhubarb, Russian rhubarb, rhubarbe de Bucharie, rhabarbarum verum, rhabarbarum Turcicum, rhabarbarum Rossicum, rhei radix. In oblong pieces, roundish or flattened, broad, with a large hole srsaich them. Last Indian rhubarb, rhubarbe de China, rhubarbarum Indicum, rhabar- barum e Chind. Yn large pieces, outside yellowish, inside marbled, The difference is supposed to arise from the time of gathering.— Dutch trimmed rhubarb.— British rhubarb, rhubarbe de France. In small short sticks, wrinkled lengthways, scarcely crackling be- tween the teeth as containing much less oxalate of lime than the foreign rhubarb, as also of the red colouring material. Rhubarb is purgative and astringent, stomachic, vermifuge, gr. x to 9) ; used as a tooth-powder, and in dyeing yellow. Officinal prepa- rations : the principal are Infus. rhei, L. D. Tinct. rhei, L. E. Extractum rhei, D. Pil. rhei comp. £. Rueum wunpvuLtatum ;—R. compactum ;—R. hybridum. Roots are supposed to be mixed with those of R. palmatum.— Malabar rhubarb. Plant not determined, root coarse, acrid, and very nauseous. *Rueum ruaponticum. Root, rhapontic, rhaponticum, used as rhubarb, which when carefully dried it resembles, but is much lighter, bitterer, and has not so strong a smell ; radical leaf stalks peeled used in pies instead of gooseberries. *Bioop wort, Bloody dock, Lapathum sanguineum, Rumex sanguineus ;— Garden patience, Patientia, Lapathum sativum, Rumex patientia ;—* Dock, Great water dock, Hydrolapathum, R. icus, R. hydrolapathum ;—Water dock, R. Britannicus, R. zanthorrhiza ;—*Sharp-pointed dock, L. acutum, Oxylapathum, R. acutus ;—* Monks rhubarb, Blunt-leaved doch, Rhabarbarum mona- chorum, Rumex obtusifolius ;—* Bastard monks’ rhubarb, Hippola- , R. alpinus. Roots have the same qualities as foreign rhubarb, but the dose must be nearly doubled: used in powders, tinctures, and infusions, instead of rhubarb; are eaten whilst young as potherbs, and used in dyeing. *Curtep pvock, Lapathum crispum, Rumex crispus. Seeds eevee roots bruised and made into an ointment cure the itch. *Sonret, Acetosa, Rumer acetosa, Leaves, acetose folia. "French Sorrel, Acetosa Romana, R, scutatus;—* Sheep's sorrel, A, 42 I, VEGETABLES.—AtRIPLices. arvensis, Acetosella, R. acetosella. Root cooling purges; leaves — contain much oxalate of potash, very cooling, antiscorbutic, eaten in salads; make excellent whey by boiling a few in milk. SEA-SIDE GRAPE, Coccoloba uvifera. Fruit very astringent, yields Jamaica kino.—* Common knot grass, Centinodia, Polygonum, ze P. aviculare. WHerb vulnerary, astringent; seeds nauseously aromatic, emetic, sometimes purgative. | *Buck wHeat, Fagopyrum, Polygonum Segepyrin- Seeds — , yield an oil, — nutritive, fattening, well-flavoured, made into brea *BLACK BIND-WEED, Volubilis nigra, Polygonum convolvulus. Seeds equally nutritive as buck wheat, and much easier to cultivate. *Bistort, Snake weed, Bistorta, Polygonum bistorta. Root, bistorte radix, very astringent, dose 3j to 3}; tans leather very well ; young shoots eaten as greens. . | *Deap ARSE-SMART, Persicaria, Polygonum persicaria ;— * Arse smart, Persicaria urens, Polygonum hydropiper. Vulnerary, detersive, and diuretic ; dye wool yellow ; juice acidulous, acrid, sharp. 59. ATRIPLICES. *Spinacu, Spinachia oleracea. Leaves emollient, opening, boiled as greens. *Root or scarcity, Mangel wurzel, Beta hybrida. Root red outside, white inside, very nutritive; yields sugar; leaves eaten as spinage. *WHITE BEET, Beta vulgaris alba. Root yields sugar ; leaves eaten as spinage. *Rep Beet, Leta vulgaris rubra. Root red, nutritive; yields sugar. *STRAWBERRY SPINACH, Blitum capitatum. Laxative. *CoMMON SEA FURSLANE, Portulaca marina, Atriplex portula- coides. Leaves and shoots pickled used to procure an appetite, . warming; also cosmetic. *ORACHE, Aériplex hortensis. Emollient; seeds emetic.—Sea | purslane, A. halimus. *SEA oRACHE, Atriplex littoralis, Leaves and young shoots pickled, and eaten in the manner of samphire. *NARROW-LEAVED WILD ORACHE, Atriplex angustifolia, A. patula. Seeds emetic, sudorific, antidysenteric; a substitute for ipecacuanha. | BasELua corpIFroLtta ;—B. rubra. Esculent. *ENGLISH MERCURY, Allgood, Mercurialis, Tota bona, Cheno- a Se -- 7 a | ~_ to) AS = Ae oe oe I. VEGETALES.—AMARANTHACEE. 43 ium bonus Henricus ;—* Goose foot, Pes anserinus, C. murale. erb laxative, eaten as spinage, the shoots as asparagus. *Wixp oracueE, Atriplex sylvestris, Ch ium viride. Herb laxative, discusses whitlows ; seeds used in the jaundice. Qutxoa, Chenopodium Quinoa. Used as a pot herb; seeds a - substitute for rice. “STINKING ORACHE, Afriplex olida, Chenopodium vulvaria ;— *Oak of Jerusalem, Botrys, Ambrosia, Chenopodium botrys. Stink- ‘ing plants, used, beat up with sugar, as emmenagogues, anti- hysterics, and vermifuges; their decoction is used externally in eruptions, Wor coosr-root, Worm seed, Chenopodium, P.U.S. C. anthelminticum. Expressed juice vermifuge. Mexican tea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Stomachic, anti- asthmatic, used as tea. | HERBE AUX CHARPENTIERS, Pivina humilis. Pectoral. STINKING GROUND PINE, Camphorata, Camphorosma Monspe- liaeum. Nervine, cephalic, antarthritic. *Grass-wort, Saltwort, Kali, Salsola kali. Emmenagogue, diuretic, and hydragogue; yields barilla by being burned. Guiass-wor?t, Kali, Salsola soda ;—Alicant glass-wort, Kali Hise panicum, S. sativa ;—S. Arabica ;—S. aphylla ;—S. nudiflora ;— S. elata ;—S. Indica ;—S. tragus ;— Anabasis aphylla ;—* Saltwort, Salicornia fructicosa. All yield barilla by burning. *Marsu Sameurre, Salsola herbacea. Pickled is eaten as FScaRLET MusHROOM, Cynomorium coccineum. Styptic, j in wine. *AMERICAN POKE-wEED, Poke, Jucato calleloe, Phytolacca decandra, Root, phytolacca, P. U.S. emetic, infusing 1 oz. in a int of wine, and taking two spoonfuls ; juice red, a very common ie purge in America; leaves bruised, very detersive, of great use in cancerous cases as a poultice; young shoots eaten as asparagus; berries yield a red dye, but which does not stand ; used to colour wine. 60. AMARANTHACE. *Urnicur sire, All seed, Blitum minus, Amaranthus blitum, Refrigerant, slightly astringent ; used as a potherb. *FLrower GenxtrLe, Amaranthus, Flos amoris, A, caudatus. Flowers slightly astringent. *Great wuire siite, Blitwm album, Amaranthus viridis ;— "Red blite, Blitum rubrum, A. viridis ;—A. oleraceus ;—A, fari- naceus. Used as potherbs. 44 I. VEGETABLES,—Lysimacurz. ACHRYANTHES REPENS, Gomphrena polygonoides, Root and : flower narcotic.— Amaranthus obtusifolia. Diuretic. 61. NYCTAGINEZ. *Marvet or Peru, Mirabilis jalapa, Nyctago jalapa ;—Nyc- tago longiflora, M. longiflora;—N. dichotoma, M. dichotoma ;— Herba purgativa, Boerhaavia tuberosa. Roots purgative. 62. PLANTAGINE . *PLANTAIN, Waybread, Plantago’ major ; —*Lamb’s lettuce, Hoary plantain, P. media ;—* Rib-wort, Rib grass, P. lanceolata. Roots 3iij to vj, once a day, useful in vernal agues ; leaves astrin- Bent, vulnerary, used whole as a dressing for wounds; juice of the eaves used as a collyrium, and internally, =} to 3ij in fevers. *BUCKS-HORN PLANTAIN, Cornu cervinum, Plantago coronopus. Roots and leaves beaten up with bay salt, are applied as a poultice to the wrists in agues; a decoction of the leaves is given in disorders of the eyes. Fiea-wort, Psyllum pulicaria, Plantago psyllium, P. arenaria. Seeds mucilaginous, purgative.—Spanish plantain, Holostium, P. albicana. Uerb vulnerary, used in hernie. 63. PLUMBAGINEZ. PrumBpaco ZEyLanica ;—P. rosea. Used as vesicatories. Tooru-wort, Dentariz, Dentillaria, Plumbago Europea. Caustic, corrosive; used by beggars to produce a in order to excite pity ; and in tooth-ache as a masticatory ; may be used for ipecacuanha.— Herbe au diable, P. scandens. Used in the itch. 64. STATICE Z. *RED BEHEN, Sea lavender, Behen rubrum, Limonium mari- timum, Statice limonium. Root astringent, used in loosenesses, &c.; seeds also astringent. Druggists sell, under this name, round transverse slices of a root resembling jalap, of a reddish brown colour. ) MaRsu ROSEMARY, Statice Caroliniana. Root, statice, P.U.S.; used in dysentery. i 65. GLOBULARIZ. MonTPELIER TURBITH, Globularia alypum. Root purgative ; leaves used for senna. 66. LYSIMACHIA, *PIMPERNEL, Anagallis terrestris mas, A. arvensis. Used in mania and against hydrophobia; flower used in epilepsy, gr. xx, quater in die.—* Blue-flowered pimpernel, Anagallis foemina, A. cerulea, Is of similar qualities. t t I. VEGETABLES.—Pyrenacex. 45 *Primrose, Primula veris vulgaris, P. v. acaulis ;—*Ox lip, Great cowslips, P. v. elatior. Roots emetic ; herbs anodyne. YELLow BEARS-EAR, Auricula ursi, Primula auricula. Herb vulnerary and expectorant. - *Cowsuirs, Pagils, P. v. officinalis, Paralysis vulgaris. Flowers used to flavour wine, and render it narcotic. BEARsS-EAR SANICLE, Cortusa Matthioli, Cephalic, anodyne, expectorant. *YELLOow LoosE sTRIFE, Willow herb, Lysimachia vulgaris ; —* Money-wort, Herb two-pence, Nummularia, Lysimachia num- mularia. Astringent. ANNUAL NAVEL-wort. Androsace maxima. Diuretic. *Burter wort, Yorkshire sanicle, Pinguicula vulgaris. Leaves heal wounds and chaps of the skin ; made into a purging syrup; used to thicken milk, turn it sour, and make it keep for any length of time. - _ *WAaTER PIMPERNEL, Samolus valerandi. Has similar qualities. — *Sow Breab, Artanita, Cyclamen, C. Europeum ;—Soldanella ; Roots drastic, emmenagogue, errhine ; leaves bruised and made into a pessary are emmenagogue, and cause abortion ; an ointment is made from it, which, when rubbed on the navel, purges and kills worms. 67. ACANTHACE. WILD BRANK URSINE, Acanthus sylvestris, A. spinosus. Herb diuretic, astringent. Bears prerecnu, Branca ursina, Acanthus, A. mollis. Leaves diuretic, externally maturative ; dye a fine yellow. MALABAR NUT TREE, Justicia adhatoda. Leaves purgative. Creata, Justicia paniculata. Root and herb externally bitter, stomachic. Bavsam, Justicia pectoralis. Vulnerary, resolvent ; a syrup is made from it, and used in diseases of the chest. Sancoco.ia survus, Penea sarcocolla ;—P. mucronata. Said to ; yield gum sarcocol. Reeviia tuserosa. Used instead of ipecacuanha. Bacteria tonciroria. Root diuretic. 68. PYRENACE “4. Acnus castus, Viter agnus castus. Flowering tops cooling, drying ; and looked upon as anaphrodisiac, whence they were used to strew the beds of the Vestal virgins and Christian nuns. TxcToNIA Granpis. Leaves used against the thrush and dropsy ; and also to purify water. *Venvatin, Verbena, V. officinalis. Yebrifuge, vulnerary ; used 46 I, VEGETABLES.—Lasratx. externally as a rubefacient in rheumatism and other pains of the _ joints. Root worn round the neck cures scrofulous and scorbutie _ affections.—Jamaica vervain, Verbena Jamaicensis. Juice, cochl. maj. j. to ij, cathartic, deobstruent, emmenagogue.—Volkameria inermis, Clerodendrum inerme ;—-Avicennia resinifera, A. tomentosa. Exude rosins. 3 69. LABIAT A. — Aromatic and heating. SAGE oF virTUE, Small garden sage, Salvia viriutis, §, hortensis minor, S. officinalis. Heating, sudorific, used in palsy and trem- bling of the nerves; also cordial, stomachic, stops night sweats, and the flow of milk after weaning: galls, batsonge, eaten. GREAT GARDEN sAGE, Salvia hortensis major, S. officinalis— *Clary, Sclarea, Salvia sclarea. Added to wine to give the flavour — of muscadel.—S. Indica. Herb put in Hindustan into the country beer to improve its flavour. PurpLe-rop cLary, Horminum, Salvia horminum.—Sage of Crete, S. Cretica ;—Ethiopian sage, Salvia Aithiopica. Excite the " nervous system, produce a slight intoxication, used in disorders of the eyes, and are aphrodisiac. Witp ciary, Oculus Christi, Salvia verbenaca ;—Wild clary, Horminum sylvesire, S. verticillata. Seeds put in the eye become mucilaginous, and thus facilitate the extraction of anything that has got into it. CANCER WEED, Salvia lyrata. Root leaves bruised used to destroy warts, and in cancerous cases. *RoseMARy, Losmarinus, R. officinalis. Flowers, anthos, rorismarint cacumina, cephalic, nervine, cordial, heating, emmena- gogue, and strengthening: infusion promotes the growth of the hair, and gives it a healthy appearance. CANADIAN SNAKE-ROOT, Collinsonia precor. Root used for Virginia snake-root.— *LavanpDER, Lavandula mg Se f, spica :;— Sptke lavander, L. latifolia, Spica vulgaris, spica. lowering tops, lavandule flores, very éifoetfirkit, yield essential oil; are nervine, antispasmodic, and cephalic. French lavander, Steechas Arabica, L. steechas. Has the same qualities, and is also diuretic. CuRLED-LEAVED MINT, Mentha crispa;—* Bergamot mint, Mentha odorata ;—* Pepper mint, M. piperis sapore, M. piperita ; —* Horse mint, Menthastrum, Mentha sylvestris ;—* Water mint, Sisymbrium sylvestre, M. aquatica ;—* Penny royal, Pulegium, P. vulgare, M. pulegium ;—* Water calamint, Calamintha aquatica, M. arvensis ;—*Spear mint, M. viridis, M. sativa ;—*Bushy red mint, M. balsamina, M. gentilis ;— *Round-leaved horse mint, Mentha sylvestris, M. rotundifolia ;~ Harts penny royal, Pulegium I. VEGETABLES.—Lasiata. 47 cervinum, M. cervina. Are all stomachic, promoting digestion, diuretic, and approved emmenagogues, either in powder or infu- sion ; they all yield, on distillation, oil. *CEYLONIAN PLANT, Ear wort, Marlow, Auricularia, Mentha sylvestris, M. villosa. Used for deafness. *Batm, Melissa, M. officinalis ;—*Common Calamint, Cala- mintha vulgaris, C. montana, Mentha calamintha ;— Mountain calamint, Calamintha magno flore, Melissa grandiflora ;—* Lesser calamint, C. odore pulegii, Mentha nepeta. Cephalic; used in nervous and hysteric cases. | *Basrarp BatM, Melissa Fuchsii, Melittis melissophyllum. Diuretic, opening. *Sweet sasit, Basilicum, Ocymum basilicum. Strong-scented, emmenagogue; gave the peculiar flavour to the original Fetter- lane sausages. _ Java potators, Ocymum tuberosum. 'Tubers eaten.— Toolsie tea, O. album. Leaves used as tea. Summer savory, Satureja hortensis. More acrid, and hotter than sweet basil, dyes a yellow colour. WinteR savory, Satureja durior, S. frutescens, S. montana. Used as spice. *Rock savory, Satureja spicata, S. Juliani. Herb agrees with other savories. Tave Tunymsa, Thrymba vera, S. th a. Herb emme- nagogue, used with honey in coughs. mn *Tnue turme, Thymum verum, Satureja capitata ;— Mountain hyssop, Thymbra spicata. Vermifuge. *Hyssor, Hyssopus, H. officinalis. Leaves emmenagogue, pectoral, used as tea; soaked in water or wine, and duptind as a cataplasm, used as a discutient for black eyes and other contusions. *Tuyrme, Thymus, T. vulgaris ;—* Mother of thyme, Wila thyme, Lemon thyme, Serpyllum, T. serpyllum;—Herb mastich, in. TI. mastichum ;—Wild thyme, T. sylvestris, T. zygis ;— Wild basil, Poly mountain, Acinos, T. acinos ; —* Pot marjoram, ana oleracea, Origanum onites ;—Bastard marjoram, Ori- Heracleoticum ;—* Winter_marjoram, Origanum, O. vulgare (the tops of which dye purple) ; — *Sweet marjoram, Majorana, Amaracus, Sampsucus, Origanum majorana ; — Dittany of Crete, Dictamnus Creticus, O. dictamnus ;—* Ground ivy, Hedera terres- tris, Chamecissus, Glechoma hederacea ; —*Cat mint, Nepeta, Mentha cataria, N. cataria (highly alluring to cats) ;—~* Wood hetony, Betonica sylvestris, B. vulgaris, B. officinalis ;—Dead nettle, White archangel, Urtica mortua, Lamium album ;—*Great wild basil, Ocymum sylvestre, Clinopodium vulgare ;—Purple archangel, ium orvala ;—* Red pe el, L. purpureum. All of these have analogous qualities, Bvlog healing and stheogtbentng ; made 48 I. VEGETABLES. —Laniatx. into tea with honey, they are diaphoretic, discussive, expectorant: some are. slightly astringent; ground ivy is the most commonly — used ; dittany of Crete was a celebrated vulnerary and astringent Hi! among the old physicians : several are used as spice. *SPOTTED ARCHANGEL, Milzadeila, Urtica lactea, Lamium maculatum. Herb esteemed specific in scrofula and fluor albus. JAMAICA WILD Hops, Clinopodium rugosum. Used as a gargle with honey and alum. Moxtpavian Mint, Dracocephalum Moldavica. Similar in quality to mint. *Horenounn, Prassium, Marrubium, M. album, M. vulgare. Pectoral, used in coughs and colds, 3j of the leaves powdered, or 31} of the expressed juice, or Mss. infused for tea. Bastarp pDittany, Marrubium pseudodictamnus ; — Galen's mad wort, Alyssum Galeni, M. alyssum ;—* Black horehound, M. nigrum, Ballote nigrum ;—Jamaica spike-nard, Ballote suaveolens (infusion used in dropsy and gravel) ;—*Clowns all-heal, Panax coloni, Stachys palustris ;—*Stinking dead-nettle, S. sylvatica ;— *Smooth-leaved iron-wort, Sideritis arvensis latifolia glabra, Stachys arvensis ;—*Common hemp-nettle, Bastard hemp, Galeopsis tetrahit (the seeds of which yield oil) ;—* Narrow-leaf all-heal, G. ladanum ; —* Yellow archangel, Lamium luteum, G. galeobdolon ;—* Water horehound, Marrubium aquaticum, Lycopus Europeus ;—* Mother wort, Cardiaca, Leonurus cardiaca;— Bastard horehound, L. marrubiastrum ; — Sage-leaf mullein, Phlomis lychnitis. All of these are strong-scented plants, more or less disagreeable, emme- nagogue, antihysteric, antiepileptic, expectorant, and, for the most part, vermifuge ; externally they are vulnerary. VIRGINIA PENNY ROYAL, Cunila Mariana, Riziphora Mariana. Leaves, cunila, P. U. S., diaphoretic, distilled for their oil. Monarpa PunctaTa. Root, monarda, P. U. S., emmena- gogue. Osweco TEA, Monardo Kalmiana. Leaves used as those of tea. *GERMANDER, Scordium, Teucrium scordium ;—*Wood sage, scorodonia, Salvia agrestis, T. scorodonia. Used instead of hops. JAGGED GERMANDER, Teucrium botrys ;—Syrian herb-mastich, Cat thyme, Marum Syriacum, T.marum. Have similar qualities: this last plant is emmenagogue, 3j to 3ss; cats are very fond of it. *CREEPING GERMANDER, Chamedrys, Trissago, Teucrium chamedrys ;—Ground pine, Chamepitys, Iva arthritica, Teucrium chamepitys. Bitter, tonic, febrifuge. Poty-mountain, Polium montanum, Teucrium capitatum. Lawvender-leaf poly, T. montanum ;—Cretan poly-mountain, Polium I. VEGETABLES.—OnrosancHIDEx. 49 Creticum, T. Creticum. Have all the same alexiterial heating _ qualities. | YeLtow poty-MounTAIN, P. m. flavum, Teucrium polium ; —White poly-mountain, P. m. album, Teucrium teuthrion ;—Tree er: Teucrium, T. flavum. Leaves used in diseases of the iver and spleen. Base uorEnounn, Stachys, Sideritis Syriaca. Leaves acrid, emmenagogue, fetid. Tnon-wort, Sideritis, S. hirsuta. Herb cures wounds by the first intention. . GERMAN IRON-woRT, Sideritis flore luteolo, S. scordioides ; —Mountain iron-wort, S. montana ;—*Common bugle, Bugula, juga reptans ;—* Mountain bugle, Ajuga pyramidalis ;—*Self- Prunella, P. vulgaris ; —* Hooded willow-herb, Lysimachia } Scutellaria galericulata. Bitter, astringent, nearly inodorous; the English ones are substituted for bark. 70. PEDICULARE. *Eyr sricut, Euphragia, Euphrasia officinalis, Cephalic ophthalmic. *Speepwett, Fluellin, Veronica mas, Betonica Pauli, V. is. Leaves slighty astringent, bitter ; substituted for tea, t is more astringent and less grateful. *SMALLEST FLUELLIN, Veronica spicata ;— Mountain mad-wort, V. montana; Speed-weil chichweed, V. arvensis. Vulnerary, incisive, diaphoretic, antiphthisic. | *Witpd GERMANDER, Chamedrys sylvestris, Veronica Cha- ie Leaves a better substitute for tea than those of speed- we VIRGINIA sPEEDWELL, Veronica Virginica. Root, veronica, P. U. S., astringent. *Broox time, Anagallis aquatica, Beccabunga, Veronica bec- cabunga. Leaves, when fresh, diuretic, antiscorbutic, eaten as salad ; juice, in a full dose, an easy purge. *Rep rarrie, Louse-wort, Pedicularis palustris. Nauseous, acrid ; its juice, or a decoction, used externally in old ulcers; kills lice, yet said to breed lice in cattle that feed on it. YELtLow ratte, Cock’s comb, Crista galli, Rhinanthus crista gall. 1s used to kill lice.—*Cow wheat, Triticum vaccinum, Sa oe arvense ;—* Wild cow-wheat, Crateogonum, M. pra- tense. s aphrodisiac ; herb fattens cows. 7l. OROBANCHIDE ZS. *Tootx-wort, Squamaria, Lathrea squamaria. Herb conso- , astringent, used in hernize and wounds, E 50 I. VEGETABLES.—Sonanez. *Broom rare, Orobanche, O. major. Herb in powder gives | relief in the colic; used in hypochondriasis, externally resolvent. 72. SCROPHULARIN A. *KNOTTED FiG-wort, Scrophularia nodosa ;—* Water fig-wort, Water betony, S. aquatica, Betonica aquatica. Incisive, attenuating, used in scrofula and cancer, Officinal preparations.—Unguentum scrophularie. Hepdce nuyssop, Gratiola, G. officinalis. Very acrid, drastic, vermifuge, used also in dropsy and jaundice; dose gr. v to pjss, beginning with a small one; inspissated juice gr. xx to xxx is purgative and diuretic. 3 SwEET woop, Capraria bifolia. Flowers used instead of tea. _ *Fox-cLtove, Digitalis, D. purpurea. Leaves, gaol bare used. externally as vulnerary and antiscrofulous; and internally, in doses of gr. ss to gr. ij, as a sedative, and particularly as a diuretic; but great caution is required in using it, because it accumulates in the system; and the practitioner may be surprised at the sudden demise of his patient, even after he has left off its use. Seeds, digitalis semina, used for the same purposes, less uncertain, ll ea preparations.—Infus. digit. D. I. EZ. 'Tinct. digit. D. Ln, Ei : YELLOw rox-cLove, Digitalis lutea. May be used as the former. *Snap Deacon, Antirrhinum majus. Antihysteric, and used externally in ophthalmia. *Toap-Fiax, Linaria, Antirrhinum linaria, L. vulgaris. De- obstruent, diuretic. ' *SMALL TOAD-FLAX, Antirrhinum minus ;—*Ivy-leaved toad- Jlax, Cymbalaria, A. cymbalaria, Linaria eymbalaria ;—* Fluellin, Female speed-well, Elatine, Veronica feemina, A. elatine. Are all anticancerous, especially the last, the juice of which is used in foul ulcers and cutaneous eruptions. *Catves’ SnNout, Orontium arvense, 93 Dae Cnicus ERTopHORUs. Used in scirrhous tumours. BastaRD SAFFRON, Dyer’s saffron, Carthamus, Cnicus, C. tinctorius. Flowers, safflower, used to colour broths, also in dye- ing,.and to adulterate saffron; East Indian oiled; seeds, parrots’ ¥ corn, purgative, emetic, yield oil. “ 4 ATRACTYLIs HUMILIS ;—A. gummifera. Analogous to Car= duus benedictus ; flowers coagulate milk. ‘Distarr THIstLeE, Atractylis, Cnicus lanatus. Root depu- — rative. _ *Saw wort, Serratula, S. tinctoria. Vulnerary ; dyes yellow with alum, but is inferior to weld. *Way THISTLE, Carduus arvensis, Serratula arvensis. Useful in scirrhous tumours; yields a sort of galls. Pacourina EpULIs. Receptacle and whole plant edible. *BivE BoTTLE, Cyanus segetum, Centaurea cyanus ;—Great — blue-bottle, Cyanus major, Centaurea montana. Flowers cooling, | astringent, make a fine blue wash colour. ' *Kwap wEED, Matfellon, Jacea nigra, Centaurea Jacea;—C, — steebe.. Flowers cooling, astringent. - ; _ Great centaury, Centaurium majus, C. centaurium. Root — vulnerary, astringent, anti-dysenteric. 7 *StTaR THISTLE, Calcitrappa, Carduus stellatus, Centaurea — ealcitrapa ;—Carduus benedictus, C. benedicta. Root diuretic, — deobstruent, lithontriptic; leaves alexiterial in infusion; seeds — diaphoretic. 4 _ *St. Barnasy’s THISTLE, Calcitrapa, Centaurea solstitialis, — Herb and seed opening, deobstruent. » CENTAUREA BEHEN. Root, white ben, ben album, rhapontic blanc, rhubarbe indigéne, rhaponticum behen ; used for rhubarb, very astringent, | GLOBE THISTLE, Crocodilion, Echinops ———-€ Root used internally in bleeding of the nose; seed diuretic. LITTLE GLOBE THISTLE, Jtitro, Echinops Ritro. Root as- tringent. Ecuinoprs stricosus. Down of the flower, Spanish tinder, used as amadou. ESA? 100. CORY MBIFERA. Cacauta ALPINA ;—C. Saracenica. Used in coughs; the juice allays the tickling in the throat. | Se ee I. VEGETABLES.—Corvunirens. 67 - CAacaLiA ANTIUPHORBIUM. Serves as an antidote to’ eu- ___*HEmp -AGRIMONY, -Eupatorium Avicenne, E. cannabinum. Herb bitter, hepatic, aperitive, useful in catarrh, cough, and _cachexy, also diuretic and vulnerary ; root purgative, used for _- Ayapana, Lupatorium ayapana :—Guaco, Huaco, E. sature- jefolium ? Sudorific, alexiterial, used in bites of serpents and | eo enditige purpureum. Root, gravel root, lithontriptic.— perfoliatum. Root, thorough root. ; Witp sorenounn, Lupatorium teucrifolium. Astringent. _ . Mountain cupweep, Cat’s foot, Gnaphalium montanum, G. divicum ;—G. tomentosum. _ Flowers used in the violent running of the nose in children, slightly astringent and diaphoretic. _ *JERSEY cUD-WEED, Gnaphalium luteo-album ; — Eternal flower, Steechas citrina, G. stwchas. ‘Tops used in obstructions and colds, | _ German Goipen-Locks, Stechas citrina Germanica, Gna- phalium arenarium. Herb and tops stimulant, used in palsy. - ORIENTAL GoLDEN-LovKs, Chrysocome, Gnaphalium orientale. Root astringent. | ~ *Cuv-weep, Herb impious, Gnaphalium, Filago Germanica ;— “Least cup-werp ;—Gnaphalium minimum, Filago montana ;— FP. arvensis ;—F. leontopodium. Roots astringent and discussive. + Conyza sericea. Bark and wood used against’the toothach. *PLouGHMAN’s sPIKE-NARD, Baccharis, Conyza, C. squarrosa. Root and leaves used in ointments against the itch and farey, and in wine against the jaundice. GERMAN GOLDEN-Locks, Chrysocoma linosyris. - Anthelmintic, deobstruent. | _*Pixea-nane, Erigeron acre ;— Philadelphia flea-bane, EH. Philadelphicum ;—* Canadian flea-bane, E:. Canadense. Are diu- retic, lithontriptic, and vulnerary. | Gwear rira-nanz, Conyza major, Erigeron viscosum. Herb suppurative. | SMALL FLEA-BANE, Conyza minor vera, Erigeron graveolens. Herb diuretic. "“Star-wort, Aster amellus. Leaves discussive, vulnerary, resolvent ; and useful in angina. Sea stax-wort, Tripolium, Aster tripolium. Root hydra- gogue. | *Gotven nop, Virga aurea, Solidago virga aurea. Herb tial diuretic, useful in spitting it blood. infusion used. in ¥2 68 I. VEGETABLES.—CoryMBIFER&. AMERICAN GOLDEN-RoD, Solidago odora. Leaves, solidago, — P. U. S., carminative, nervine, used as tea, and even exported in — large quantities from America to China. Hi CANADA GOLDEN-RoD, Solidago Canadensis. With alum, — dyes wool, silk, and cotton, a beautiful yellow. ! *ELICAMPANE, Helenium, Enula campana, Inula helenium. Root aromatic, slightly bitter, tonic, Sinsiedadii stomachic, use- ful in asthma, hooping cough, and in uterine and exanthematous diseases, usually given in infusion, 3} for a dose; externally anti- psoric : a decoction of the root cures the scab in sheep. SwWEET-ROOTED STAR-WoRT, Jnula odora. Root aromatic. *MIDDLE SIZE FLEA-BANE, Conyza media, Inula dysenterica, — ‘Tonic, used in diarrhoea. _ *FLEA-BANE, Pulicaria, Conyza, Inula pulicaria. Drives away — insects by its smell. *CottsFoot, Tussilago, Farfara, T. farfara. Leaves form the basis of most of the British herb tobaccos; used also exter- nally to diminish inflammation ; an infusion of the dried leaves is much used as an expectorant in coughs and shortness of breath as tea, or the steam is inhaled for the same purpose: a strong decoc- tion of them is of considerable service in scyofulous cases; the downy substance on the under side of the leaf, dipped in a solu- | tion of saltpetre, and dried, is used as tinder; juice drank libe- — rally serviceable in calculous complaints. ALPINE coLtsFooT, Tussilago Alpina. Has the same ~ qualities. : So > Se, _ xe Sees, ee -_ t=< Ae *BurTEr Bur, Petasites, Tussilago petasites. Leaves used to | dress ulcers; flowers strongly diaphoretic, diuretic, useful in — asthma; root used against the tape-worm. | é *GROUNDSEL, Lrigeron, Senecio vulgaris. Weak infusion a_ common purge; strong infusion, or juice, used as an emetic, and — also given to horses to free them from botts; leaves externally suppurative ; flowers given to song-birds as a cooler. | *Rac wort, Seggrum, Jacobea, S. jacobea, Used in poultices and cholic pains; also as a gargle in sore throat. | ALPINE GROUND-SEL, Senecio doronicum. Infusion and steam of the infusion used in asthma. Doria’s wounp-wort, Herba doria, Senecio doria ;—Saracen’s wound-wort, Consolida Saracenica, Senecio Saracenicus. eaves used internally and externally in wounds and malignant ulcers. FrENcH MaRYGOLD, Tugetes patula. Dried juice used in disorders of the eyes ; flowers dye yellow. y GERMAN LEOPARD’S-BANE, Arnica montana. Root discussive, leaves attenuant, diaphoretic, and diuretic, in doses of gr. v to gr. I. VEGETABLES.—CorymBirer. 69 x ; in large doses they induce vomiting until the stomach is used to them. The emetic action of arnica was found by M. Dupuytren to depend on particles of down, which remain pea in the infusion: hence the necessity of filtering. Much used in bruises from falls; flowers may be substituted for Peruvian bark, in intermittents and gangrenes, 3j to be taken in two days, beat up with honey into an Aecenat ; in their effects the flowers are stimulating, and when administered in small doses they are very beneficial in raising the pulse, in exciting the action of the entire sanguiferous system, in checking diarrhceas, and particularly in removing |e a affections of the voluntary muscles. They have also been recommended in chronic rheumatism, in retention of urine from paralysis of the bladder and in amaurosis. They are best exhibited in the form of infusion. CREEPING LEOPARD’s-BANE, Doronicum radice dulci, Arnica joides ;—* Leopard’s bane, D. Romanum, D. pardalianches ;— Small leopard’s bane, D. minus, D. plantagineum. Roots aromatic, used by sportsmen in alpine countries against giddiness. Many-cotp, Calendula officinalis. Flowers cordial, hepatic, diaphoretic, and emmenagogue. *Witp maRry-coLp, Calendula caltha, C. arvensis. Herb cordial. *Darsy, Days eye, Small daisy, Bellis minor, Consolida minima, : minimum, B. perennis. Root antiscrofulous; leaves in open the body, used in vulnerary fomentations. DioscoripEs’ conN MARYGOLD, Chrysanthemum, C. coronartum. Flowers used to discuss steatomatous tumours. *Grear patsy, Ox eye daisy, Bellis major, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. *Corn MARY-GOLD, Chrysanthemum segetum. Discussive and attenuant, when used aeemally 3 and given against the jaundice, asthma, and shortness of breath. *Peverrew, Matricaria, Parthenium, M. parthenium. *ComMMON CAMOMILE, Chamemelum vulgare, M. chamomilla. e, stomachic, carminative, anticolic; and used externally as a fomentation in nephritic pains. Cost many, Tanacetum balsamita. Leaves stomachic, cordial, cephalic, uterine, supposed to diminish the narcotic power of opium ; seed vermifuge. “TANSEY, Tanacetum vulgare. Vermifuge, uterine, diuretic ; used in colic pains and in gout; dose in substance 3}, or more, usually drank as tea; seeds vermifuge, substituted for worm seea or santolina. GoLvEN cup-weep, Heliochrysum, Tanacetum annuum. Werb emmenagogue, used in dyeing, and rheumatism. 70 I, VEGETABLES,—ConryMBireRz. *Mve wort, Artemisia, A. vulgaris. Tops active uterines — in decoction as a bath; mixed with rice and sugar, are, by the Chinese women, used as a pessary. Anremista Sinensis ;—A. lanuginosa ;—Madras worm-wood, A, Maderaspatana. Down of the leaves, moxa, formed into small cones, is burned on the place affected in gout, rheumatism, dis- eases of the joints, &c. ~ *SourHERN woop, Abrotanum mas, Artemisia abrotanum. ‘Tops discussive, antiseptic, vermifuge, and tonic. Sanronicum, Artemisia santonica 2—A. contra ?—A. Judaica ? The seeds, worm seed, semen contra, s. cing, used as a vermifuge, in doses of gr. x. to gss. three or four times a day ; they are also stomachic ; tansey seeds are substituted for them. *Worm-woop, Absinthium vulgare, Artemisia absinthium ;— True Roman worm-wood, Abs. Romanum, Art. Pontica ;—Alpine worm-wood, Art. rupestris ;—*Sea worm-wood, Common Roman worm-wood, Abs. maritimum, Art. maritima. Stomachic, excites the appetite, promotes digestion, antiseptic, and vermifuge ; made into conserve, used to prevent dropsy. -. Tarracon, Dracunculus hortensis, Artemisia dracunculus. Excites the appetite and the menses, heating, carminative; eaten as a pot herb, and communicates a peculiar fine flavour to vinegar | and to mustard. *FINE-LEAVED MUG-wort, Artemisia, A. campestris. Herb — astringent, antiseptic, discutient. | SANTOLINA TINcTOoRIA. Affords a yellow dye. *CoTTON WEED, Gnaphalium, Athanasia maritima, Santonica maritima ; — Lavander cotton, Abrotanum femina, Chamecy- parissus, Santolina chamecyparissus. Vermituge, used to drive away insects from’ wardrobes. 7 | . ~ Shs ee Ph rae nag mw eed —- es = —— “ *Ox Eyre caMoMILE, Anthemis tinctoria.. Flowers dye a good — yellow. *WILD CAMOMILE, Anthemis arvensis ;—*CAMoMILE, Cha- — memelum, A. nobilis. Flowers of the ‘latter, anthemidis flores, used in flatulent colic, and spasmodic affections, diuretic, laxative, and diaphoretic ; they are equal to bark in curing intermittent — fevers, giving 38s to 3), in powder, several times during the inter- ~ mission, and avoiding their laxative effect, by joining an opiate or an astringent ; used also externally in resolvent fomentations and poultices. , ; *STINKING CAMOMILE, May weed, Cotula, C. feetida, Anthemis eotula. Used in hysteric fits; and the juice.in the king’s evil. « _ Pewxirory or Spatn, Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyrethrum. Root, — pyrethri.radix, imported from Turkey and Barbary, in bales ; 7 f i I. VEGETABLES,—Corymsirer*. 7 acrid, pickled while young for a sauce, sialogogue, and used as a masticatory in the toothach, and in powder, in the cure of inter- mittents, or as a sternutatory. 5 Ox rye, Buphthalmum, Anthemis valentima. Vulnerary, aperi= tive ; dyes a good yellow. YeEttow star-wort, Aster Atticus, Inguinalis, Buphthalmum “ep tae Vulnerary, and used in buboes, and other swellings of groin. ett Mant, Madia sativa. Seeds yield oil, | *Yanrnow, Milfoil, Millefolium, Achillea millefolium ;— Achillea nobilis. Astringent, tonic, and vulnerary, used in hemorrhages ; and externally in headach, tumours, &c. ; added to beer to render. it more intoxicating, and lately recommended to smokers, in lieu of tobacco: root warm, used for contrayerva. Dr. Stoker. of Dublin has found milfoil serviceable in dropsies. __ *SnEEzE wort, Bastard pellitory, Ptarmica, Achillea ptarmica. Leaves sternutatory ; root acrid. . 7 XE SwrEET MAUDLIN, Ageratum, me Smee Mesues, Achillea ageratum. Stomachic, cordial, cephalic. *WaTeR HEMP-AGRIMONY, Eupatorium cannabinum foeminum,, Bidens tripartita. Strong smelling, hepatic, vulnerary, * SPILANTHUS ACMELLA. Diuretic, diaphoretic, attenuant, and anodyne; leaves and seeds used as tea,—Spilanthus tinctorius.. Leaves juicy ; when bruised yield an excellent azure colour.—S.. oleraceus. When masticated irritates the interior of the mouth, and provokes a copious flow of saliva. Bacenanis concava. Leaves dye a black colour,—B. emar- lle dependens ;—B. oblongifolia. Vulnerary and consos: .—B. prostrata. Decoction used in dysury. Stn riower, Helianthus annuus. Seeds oily, used in emul« sions ; young shoots boiled are aphrodisiac ; flowers yield turpen- tine. _ JeRvsatem anticuoxe, Helianthus tuberosus. Roots nourish- _ ing, diuretic, give the smell of turpentine to the urine; flowers Piacts tomentosus ;—P. laevis. Juices used to give a smell to cakes, _ Ciyeranta neteropnytia. Bark yellow, powerfully an+ thelmintic. , _ Ecrirera erecta. Juice used to dye the hair black. Vexnestna Boswetuta. Esculent, having the smell and actg fennel. Gur’ ellu, Huts ellu, V. sativa, Seeds pressed - 72: I. VEGETABLES.—Rousiacez. -- GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA. Vulnerary and antiscorbutic. ~ AMBRosIA MARITIMA. Cardiac, cephalic, astringent. *SMALL Burpock, Xanthium Lappa minor, Bardana minor, X. strumarium. «Root bitter, antiscrofulous, and anticancerous. 101. DIPSACE®. *Scasious, Scabiosa, S. arvensis. Leaves depurative, used in. i diseases of the skin, of the lungs, and in quinsy. : = *Devit’s Bit, Succisa,; Morsus Diaboli, Scabiosa succisa. Root used in syphilis and scrofula. > *TrasE, Fullers’ thistle, Dipsacus sativus, Carduus fillonum, D. fullonum. Root bitter and tonic. *WiILD TEASEL, Dipsacus sylvestris, Labrum Veneris, D. ful- lonum. Roots antiscrofulous, and in wine diuretic. | 102. VALERIANE. *WILD VALERIAN, Valeriana sylvestris, V. officinalis. Root, valeriane radix, very sudorific, diuretic, antiseptic, strengthening the sight, vermifuge, anti-epileptic ; given in powder, in doses of 9j to 3}, mace covers its unpleasant flavour; plant allures cats and rats to the place. Officinal preparation.—Tinct. and tinct. valer. ammoniata, D. L. HE. i *SMALL VALERIAN, Phu minus, Valeriana dioica. — Great f ys 7 valerian, Phu, Valeriana major, V.phu. Root an active tonic, exhibited in spasmodic diseases. Creitic narD, Nardus Celtica, Valeriana Celtica ;—INDIAN narD, Nardus Indica, Valeriana Jatamensi ;—MouNTAIN VALE- — RIAN, Valeriana montana. Roots aromatic, used ‘in hysteria — and epilepsy. ~ *Corn sarap, Valeriana locusta ;—*V. rubra. Young shoots eaten as a salad. | 103. RUBIACE. *Wooproor, Asperula, A. odorata. Hepatic and deobstruent internally ; antipsoric externally. | *Sauinancy wort, Rubia cynanchica, Asperula cynanchica. Used externally in quinsy. ASPERULA ARVENSIS;— A. tinctoria;—*W1i1LD MADDER, Rubia sylvestris levis, Galium mollugo ; — Galium sylvaticum. Roots dye red, herbs opening. ? *SMALL MOUNTAIN BASTARD MADDER, ee montana. Galium uliginosum ; — *LaptEs’ BED-STRAW, Cheese renning Galium, G. verum ;—*CLEAVERS, Goose grass, 7 Galium aparine. Vulnerary, infusion used to curdle milk ; roots dye a red colour. I. VEGETABLES.—Rousracex. 43. - *Manver, Rubia tinctorum. Root, madder,' grappe, meekrappe, lizari, rubie radix, shi htly astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, and aperitive, used in the rickets, dose in powder 3j to 3ss, or of the decoction 3ij ter die: it dyes red. Rosia Mansitu. Root, Bengal madder, munjeet ;—Danais ans ;—Oldenlandia umbellata. Root, chay root. ‘These roots are all used for dyeing. *Cross-wort, Cruciata, Valantia cruciata ; —* LivtLEFIE1.D MADDER, Sherardia arvensis. Qualities the same as those of Jadies’ bed-straw. PsycHoTRia suLPHUREA. Extremely bitter, yields a fine yellow tincture ; used as a tonic. PsycHOTORIA HERBACEA. Roots emetic.—P. emetica. Root, brown ipecacuanha, ipecacuanha noir, ipec. non annelé, emetic ; contains 9 per cent. of emetine. CALLIcoccA IPECACUANHA, Cephaclis ipecacuanha. Root, ipecacuanha, ipéc. brun, ipéc. cannelé gris noiratre, ipecacuanhe radix, emetic 9}; outside contains sixteen per cent. of emetine, woody fibre in the centre only one quarter per cent. ; from Brazil ; the brown and white ipecacuanha are frequently mixed with it. Seeds of orache, narrow-leaved wild orache, leaves of wood betony, or of asarabacca, roots of primrose, oxlip, and tooth-wort may be used for it. The roots of Asclepias Curassavica, A. asthmatica, Secamine emetica, Apocynum androseemifolium, Euphorbia Ger- ardiana, I). ipecacuanha, Canthium coronatum, Gymnema sylves- tre, Periploca Mauritiana, Cynanchum tomentosum, Gillenia trifoliata, and Cynoglossum levigatum are also employed as substitutes.— Ipécacuanha cannelé gris rouge. A variety: contains fourteen per cent. of emetine.—Jpéc. gris blanc. Another variety. Officinal preparation.—Vinum ipec. and pulvis ipec. comp. GARDENIA LoncirLora. Berry eatable.—G. gummifera. Exudes a gui resin like elemi, perhaps cancame. GARDENIA DUMETORUM, Canthium coronatum. Root, Malabar ipecacuanha, emetic. CANTHIUM PARVIFLORUM, Webera tetrandra. Root bitter, red. Macronemum corymbosum. Bark bitter, viscid, inside white, often mixed with that of cinchona. Vavuceria EpuLis. Seeds like almonds. Pinknea pusescens. Bark febrifuge, used the same as that of cinchona. Gentiva Americana. Berry eatable. eagenne GAMBEER, Uncaria gambeer.. Gutta gambir is made it. GvettTanpia coccinea. Bark very bitter. . ~ 74 L VEGETABLES.—Rusicex. PERUVIAN BARK TREES, Lowa trees. These are here placed as they appear in the work of Roemer and Schutze, the discontinu- ance of which is so much to be regretted. Loxa TREE, Jesuit’s bark tree, Cinchona officinalis of Linneeus, Cinchona Condaminea. Bark, Jesuit’s bark, Peruvian bark, grey bark, pale bark, cascarilla fina, quinquina gris, C. P. kinakina cinericea, cortex pallidus, cinchone officinalis cortex communis, ¢. nave cortex, P. Li. cinchona pallida, P.U.S. Thin, very fine, much rolled, inside rusty fawn, aromatic, breaks clean between the teeth, tonic, resinous, middling bitter, very rich in cinchonine, yields but little quinine. CINcHONA ROSEA. Bark, hinkina nova, thick, woody, long, straight, flat, smooth coat, whitish, inside pale red or flesh colour, finw hich then acrid, nauseous, infusion and tincture astringent, not bitter, slightly febrifuge. Cincuona Fusca. Bark, cascarilla asmonich, chocolate colour on the inside, very styptic, a variety of C. rosea.—Cascarilla pardo, Cinchona aharquillado, brown with white spots, extremely bitter another variety. CINCHONA LANCIFoLIA, Cinchona lanceolata, C. glabra, C. officinalis of Vahl. Bark, crown bark, quinquina orangé, C. P. rather large, inside fawn, coat brown, rugged, sometimes peeled, split transversely ; smells rather spicy, very bitter, tonic, grows darker in water or alcohol, highly esteemed in America, yields much more quinine than cinchonine.—-C. nitida. A variety highly esteemed in America. C. angustifolia. A variety ; bark, pale red bark, coat whiter, less rugged, and neither so bitter nor astringent.—Cascarilla lampigna. A variety of the bark: very thick, woody, in large pieces, not rolled, taste very slight, contains no rosin, CrncHona corpirotia, Cinchona officinalis of Gmelin, C. pubescens, C. tenuis, C. pallescens, C. ovata, Bark, yellow bark, quinguina jaune, gq. jaune royal, q. calisaga, C. P. cortex flavus, cinchone cordifolie cortex, cinchone officinalis cortex flavus, cinchona flava, P. U.S. in large pieces, slightly rolled, fine grained, fibres fine, coat thick, and may be separated in flakes, sometimes peeled, inside deep yellow, very bitter and astringent, decoction peach bloom colour; yields much more quinine than cinchonine:—C. micrantha. A variety: bark, new Carthagena bark, yellow, flat, thin, thready, brittle, coat silvery white, not cracked, decoction — pale, slightly bitter and astringent, yields little or no precipitate with infusion of gall nuts, feebly febrifuge.—C. hirsuta. 6 variety: bark, kinkina Lora delgada, cascarilla delgadilla, febri- — fuge, power. strong.—C. purpurea. A. variety: bark, mulberry leaf bark, yellowish brown, in good esteem in America, «| CINCHONA OBLONGIFOLIA, Cinchona magnifolia of Ruiz, not I. VEGETABLES.—Rvsiacex. 75 of Humboldt and Bonpland, C. luiescens, C. grandifolia. Bark, red bark, quinguina rouge, C. P.cascarilla amarilla, cortex ruber, cinchone officinalis coriex ruber, cinchone sud gt cortex, cin= chona rubra, P. U.S. thick, fibrous, brown red or dark fawn, coat rugged, and cracked in various directions, fibrous, antiseptic, used in gangrenous cases, contains quinine and cinchonine in nearly equal quantities. Cixcuona Humporpttana, C. ovalifolia of Humboldt. Bark, eascarilla peluda, resembles"that of Cosmibuena obtusifolia, cracked wise, inside clear yellow, bitter, astringent, resinous, is usually mixed with that of C. glandulifera. - Cryewona chANpDULIFERA. Bark, Havannah bark, huanuco, ~ in larger pieces than that of C. Humboldtiana, outside dark fawn, warty and knobby, with perpendicular cracks, inside fawn, fibrous, slightly resinous, bitter, slightly aromatic ; frequently mixed with that of Cosmibuena obtusifolia.—Black huanuco, cascarilla negrilla. A darker variety of the bark. - CixcHona TRiFtorA. Bark, Jamaica bark, in a full dose emetic—Cinchona laccefera. Fresh bark, scraped on the inside, yields a red lake, dried bark, socchi, thick, i slightly rolled, spongy. . . CosMIBUENA oBTUsIFOLIA, Cinchona macrocarpa, C. grandi- Stora, C. ovalifolia of Mutis. _ Bark, pale bark, female Loxa, Lima bark, quinquina blanc, C. P. outside whitish grey, cracked trans- versely, inside pals fawn, breaks clean, not very resinous nor ~ aromatic, mi with other bark, especially that of myroxylon pedicellatum, Cinchona longiflora. A variety: bark, Guaiana bark, in long pieces, thick, bitter, scentless. : Exostemma Canyseum, Cinchona Caribea, C. Jamaicensis. Bark, Caribbee bark, quinquina des Antilles, cinnamon colour, bitter, scentless, cheap.—Lxostemma brachycarpum. Bark emetic in a full dose: from Jamaica.—JZ. floribundum, Cinchona flori- bunda, C. montana, C. Sancte Luzie, C. Luziana. Bark, Sainte Lucie bark, quinquina piton, thick, brown, rugged, inside rusty fawn, mostly used externally, being apt to excite vomiting and purging.—L. coriaceum, C. coriacea, C. nitida. Bark highly esteemed in America. In the generality of Pharmacopeeias the grey, yellow, and red barks are enumerated ; the Paris Codex adds to them Quinguina Hane, Q. piton, Q. des Antilles, and Q. orangé: some of the other rks are used for grinding with these, and reducing their price. The bark of Macrocnenum corymbosum, of the Weinmannia, called ved tan bark, and that of unis felleus, are mixed with these barks.—The chemical habits of these several barks are very dif- ferent, but they cannot well be examined in Europe. ~The infusion of some kinds precipitates the infusion of nut galls, as 76 I. VEGETABLES.—Loranrues. well as isinglass jelly ; others, only one or other of these tests ; but the chemists vary in their accounts, owing to the mixture of the barks of relat? species, and their sale under one common name. Medically considered, they are all tonic and febrifuge, and may be given in powder, from §j to 3ij every two or four hours, so as to get down an ounce between each fit of inter- mittent fevers ; of great use in stopping the progress of gangrene: they are also given in infusion and decoction.—The roots of bistort, Calamus aromaticus, avens, water avens, and tormentil, oak bark, that of several kinds of willow, horsechestnut, ash, and the sloe bush, mahogany saw-dust, the dried herbs of yellow loosestrife, bugle, water horehound, and self-heal, are used either as substitutes or to reduce the price of the ground bark, as is also the root of Geum montanum. The barks of Pinknea pubescens, Unnona febrifuga, Swietenia febrifuga, Cedrela tuna, Magnolia glauca, M. acuminata, M. tripetala, Achras sapota, Rubus trivialis, and £. villosus are also used as substitutes, CorrEE sHRruB, Coffe, Coffea Arabica. 'The fresh seeds are febrifuge, diuretic, and tonic ; decoction used for that of Peruvian bark. Iron woop, Siderodendrum triflorum. Bark diuretic, sto- machic. NoNATELIA OFFICINALIS. Pectoral in infusion. Capa pitava, Bancudus latifolius, Morinda citrifolia ; — M. umbellata ;—Hydrophylax maritima ;—Pattibea coccinea. Fibres of the roots, muddi, awl, imported from the East Indies, used for dyeing reds and browns. 104. LORANTHEAL. Bark astringent; berries contain a principle analogous to caoutchouc, called bird-lime. *MissELTOE, Viscum, V. album. Berries very purgative, used to make bird-lime ; leaves antiepileptic in doses of sj to 3}, twice a day. *MIsSELTOE OF THE OAK, Viscum quercinum, Loranthus Euro- peus. Esteemed a sacred plant by our ancestors, hence extirpated by them, but still found plentifully on the oaks in those parts of Europe where the druidical religion was not established: the common misseltoe, viscum album, which scarcely, if ever, grows on the oak, is still used as a substitute for it in medicine, and also to deck our churches, and preserve our houses from evil spirits. Mancrove, Rhizophora mangle. Fruit and bark used in tanning ; imported from the West Indies. BrucuigRaA GYMNoRHIZA. Fruit, leaves, and even bark eaten. I, VEGETABLES.—Caprriro.iacez. 77 105. CAPRIFOLIACE, _ *Linne#a Boreatis. Used in rheumatism and gout; astrin- gent and diuretic. *Woop-BInE, Periclymenum, Caprifolium, Matrisylva, Lonicera h 3—*Honey suckieE, Lonicera caprifolium. Leaves used in detersive gargles ; flowers antiasthmatic. - *Wayrarine TREE, Pliant mealy tree, Viburnum lantana. Berries drying, astringent ; bark of the root made into bird-lime. - Casnio-BERRY BusH, Perygua, Cassine , Viburnum cassinoides. Leaves sitaative, scesisklifien castigo diaphoretic, used as a specific in diabetes. Wiip say, Laurus tinus, Viburnum tinus. Berries purge violently. *Getpres RrosE, Viburnum opulus. Leaves and berries refresh- ing, and used in astringent gargles. *Exper, Sambucus, S. nigra. Second bark, gr. v to 3j, very active, antihydropic ; leaves a nauseous a eh flowers dia- a a useful in disorders of the chest, discussive and attenuant ; ies used to flavour sugar wine, poisonous to poultry; dry berries, grana actes, useful in dropsy. WHITE-BERRIED ELDER, Sambucus nigra virescens. Flowers used to give wine the flavour of Frontignac. AMERICAN ELDER, Sambucus Canadensis. Berries, Sambucus, P. U.S. used as the former. *Dwarr exper, Lbulus, Sambucus ebulus. Root, 3}ss, a strong purge; leaves used in poultices for the gout and piles; berries to dye blue, and also to make wine. Movuntarn ELDER, Sambucus racemosa. Narcotic. *Ivy, Heprera arsonea, H. felix. Leaves used internally in atrophy, and to dress issues ; also boiled in wine as a wash to kill vermin ; berries purge ; the trunk yields a gum resin. Comnetian cuerry, Cornus, C. mascula, Fruit very astrin« gent, useful in loosenesses. *Doc-woop, Gatter tree, Female cornel tree, Cornus foemina, C. sanguinea. Seeds yield oil, like those of the former species; wood used for making charcoal for gunpowder. _Round-LeAved poc-woon, Cornus circinata ;—Swamp dog- wood, Cornus sericea ;—American dog-wood, C. florida. Barks of the roots used as poultices, - ‘Triosteum PERFOLIATUM. Root, fever root, triosteum, P.U.S., emetic and cathartic; bark of the root bitter, tonic. “~ I. VEGETABLES.—UsBELiirer&. 106. ARALIACE. FatszE sARSAPARILLA, Aralia nudicaulis;— A. racemosa. Roots bitter, mixed with those of sarsaparilla. tA ANGELICA TREE, Aralia spinosa. Bark astringent; berries used in rheumatism and cholic. , GINsENG. Panar be foi Root cordial, alexiterial, and aphrodisiac ; dose 3}—ij, chewed, or sliced and made into tea: often confounded with nin sing. From North America, Panax uNDULATA. Woods, barks, leaves, flowers, and fruit aromatic.—Panax fruticosa, Herb diuretic. 107. UMBELLIFERA. Aromatic, and if they grow in water, poisonous ;.roots of many -contain a saccharine principle; an essential oil is generally con- tained in the vitte of the seeds. AnisE, Anisum, Pimpinella anisum. Seeds one of the four great hot ones, cephalic, stomachic, carminative, diuretic, and emmenagogue. Our summers not being sufficiently warm to ripen the seeds, they are usually imported. *BuRNET SAXIFRAGE, Pimpinella saxifraga. Root chewed relieves the toothach; seeds are opening, detersive, and lithon- triptic ; 9} in powder, or 5ij in infusion, *Hers Gerarn, Gout wort, Ash weed, Aigopodium podagraria: Root and leaves used in the gout : young leaves used in salads. ~ *Caraway, Carui, Carum, Carum carui. Seeds, caraway seeds, carui semina, stomachic, carminative ; root sweet, nourishing, and better eating than parsneps. *SMALLAGE, Celery, Apium, Lleoselinum, Apium graveolens. Root opening, diuretic, used in jaundice and the gravel; seeds more active ; blanched stalks eaten in salads. *ParsLtey, Petroselinum vulgare, Apium_petroselinum, Root diuretic; leaves used as a seasoning to meat, resolve coagulated milk in the breasts, but supposed to produce epilepsy and inflam- mation of the eyes; seeds carminative. *FENNEL, Foniculum vulgare, Anethum foeniculum. Seeds aromatic, hot, carminative ; roots opening; leaves diuretic, used as seasoning to fish. SwEET FENNEL, Feniculum dulce, Anethum segetum. Blanched stem used as a potherb; seeds, finocchio, seat semina, carmi- native, used in soups ; imported from Italy. *DIL, Anethum, A. graveolens. Seeds discussive, galactopoietic, stopping vomiting and the hiccough ; leaves ripen tumours. Womum, Anethum sowa. Seeds carminative, oleenaialin ? a= eB a RE Ee Se en = ne a — eee a i PARES Ea I. VEGETABLES.—UmsBeEtirere. 79 - *ALEXANDERs, Smyrnium, Hipposelinum, §. olusatrum. Root and herb opening, emmenagogue. ComMON BISHOPS-WEED, Ammi vulgare, A. majus. . Seeds sold _ for those of ammi verum. | | _* *Pansnep, Pastinaca hortensis, P. sativa. Root nutritive, but _ its strong smell renders it disagreeable to many; sugar and wine _ are made from it ; seeds aromatic. _ Gum parsneP, Pastinaca opopanar. Root yields, by incision, THAPsIA VILLosA. Root purgative; may be used for jalap. _ ‘THapsta ascterium ;—T. garganica ;—Seseli turbith. . Roots acrid, and purge upwards and downwards very violently. _ SESELI saxirraGum ;—Bastard spignel, Seseli montanum ;— _ 8. glaucum. [Roots purgative, not so acrid as S. turbith, or the Thapsie.—S. leucospermum. Root resinous, aromatic. _ French wart wort, Seseli tortuosum ;—S. hippomarathrum, Seeds stomachic, aperitive ; roots anti-asthmatic. *Master wort, Jmperatoria, Astrantia, Imperatoria obstru- thium. Root very restorative after fatigue; formerly chewed by military officers and soldiers in forced marches and other fatiguing _ duties. *Witp cicety, Cow-weed, Cicutaria vulgaris, Cherophyllum sylvestre, Strong smelling, acrid, diuretic, dyes woollen yellow _ and green. ' Cuervit, Cherophyllum sativum. Plant used as a potherb. - _ Hemtock cuervit, Cherophyllum cicutaria. Root poisonous, as well as the leaves. *“Musx cuervit, Cherophyllum aromaticum ;—-*CuHERVIL, Soop aga Scandiz cerefolium ;—SweExt cice.y, Myrrhis, Scan- diz Very resolving, diuretic, lithontriptic. _ *Venus coms, Shepherd's needle, Pecten Veneris, Scandix pecten. Young shoots eaten raw or boiled. *CorIAnvDER, Coriandrum sativum. Herb eaten as a salad too frequently occasions fatuity ; seeds, coriandri semina, stomachic ; ge the taste and prevent the griping of senna. Semina corian- i preparata. Seeds steeped in vinegar for a day and night, then dried, are milder. - *Sriener, Men, Meum, Athamanta meum, -Aithusa meum, Root gummy, resinous, carminative. *Lessen Hemtock, Fools’ parsley, Cicutaria fatua, Aithusa ium. Poisonous, liable to be mistaken for parsley, but is rous and insipid. . *Lonc-LEAVeD wATER parsNeP, Sium erucefolia, Cicuta virosa ;—*Mansu nemiocr, Water hemlock, Phillandrium, P. 80 I. VEGETABLES,—UmsBei.irer2. aquaticum ;—P. mutellina ;—*WatEK DRoP-woRTt, — Ginanthe aquatica, CH. fistulosa ;—* HEMLOCK DROP-woRT, CH. cicute facia, CH. crocata. . Acrid, poisonous, eepecielly the roots, emetic, and act upon the nervous system: used externally are powerfully re- solvent, anodyne, and used in scrofulous and scirrhous tumours, and in inflammation of the penis; juices yellow, poisonous. *CENANTHE PEUCEDANIFOLIA;—*Parsley water drop-wort, Ginanthe pimpinelloides. Roots used as potherbs. | *Hemiock, Cicuta, Conium maculatum. Very poisonous in warm countries, but less active in cold ones, powerfully narcotic, used in many obstinate disorders, as scirrhous cancer, chronic rheumatism, ill-conditioned ulcers, and glandular tumours; dose of the dried leaves, cicute folia, conii folia, in powder, gr. j, gra- dually increased to 35j, every four hours, to be exhibited with caution, especially when a fresh parcel of powder is used : seeds, conti semina, less uncertain in their effects. Officinal prepara- tion.—Tinct. conii, D. Succus spissatus con., D. H. Extractum conii, Z. Unguentum conii, D. Cataplasma conii, D. Comin, Cyminum, Cuminum cyminum. Seeds, cumini semina, aromatic, carminative ; imported from Sicily and Malta. WIiLp cumin, Cuminum sylvestre, Lagoecia cuminoides ;-—Ma- cedonian parsley, Petroselinum Macedonicum, Bubon Macedonicum. Seeds carminative. Buson GALBANUM;— B. gummiferum. Yields galbanum. Officinal preparation.—Pil. galb.comp., L. D. 'Tinct. galb., D. Pil. foetid. comp., LZ. : AMMI VERUM, ‘Sison ammi;—*COMMON AMOMUM, Bastard : stone parsley, Amomum vulgare, Sison amomum. Seeds warm, — aromatic; used in Venice treacle. *CoRN HONE-woRT, Sison segetum. Useful in indolent tu- — mours. | SxrrREt, Sisarum, Sium sisarum. Root used as a potherb, stomachic ; a specific against the bad effects of quicksilver; sugar is made from it. Nin sine, Ninzen, Nisi, Sium Ninsi. Alexiterial and aphro-— disiac, and thought to lengthen life ; frequently confounded with ginseng, as in the Pharm. Lond. 1720. *GREAT WATER PARSNEP, Pastinaca aquatica, Sium latifo-— lum ;—UrriGHT WATER PARSNEP, Sium berula. Roots poison-— ous; leaves aperitive, diuretic, antiscorbutic. . *CREEPING WATER PARSNEP, Sium nodiflorum. Juice used in | cutaneous diseases ; dose for children iij tea-spoonfuls twice a-day, — and for adults 3iij every morning. | ; *AncrELica, A. archangelica. Root stomachic, carminative, aperitive, diaphoretic, useful in typhus fever. -Seeds aromatic... I. VEGETABLES,—Umseuirere. 81 _ CANDIED ANGELICA, caules angelice conditi. The fresh stalks are boiled in water to take away the bitterness, and some of the strong scent, then put into syrup boiled to a candy height till quite dry, taken out and aa ; cordial, aphrodisiac. _ AMERICAN ANGELICA, Angelica, P.U.S., A. atropurpureum ;— *Wixp ance ica, A. sylvestris. The same, but weaker. *Lovace, Levisticum, Ligusticum levisticum. Root, leaves, and _ seeds aromatic, stomachic, and diaphoretic; stem yields English opopanax. _ GREAT BROAD-LEAVED HEMLOCK, Seseli Peloponnense, Ligusti- _ cum Peloponnesiacum.. Root and seeds used in nervous diseases. *CorNisu LovacE, Ligusticum aquilegifolium, L. Cornubiense. Root exudes a resin. Hart wort, Seseli, Siler montanum, Laserpitium siler,—L. es age 3—L. a ge 3—L. chironium. Roots used in ula, spitting of blood, and piles. *“Cow parsnep, Sphondylium, Heracleum sphondylium. Root and leaves emollient ; ale a specific in hysteric spasms; juice _ of the head renders the hair curly ; young shoots substituted for asparagus: exudes sugar. Master wort, Heracleum lanatum. Root, heracleum, P.U.S. emollient.—Heracleum panax, and some other species, are added to fermented liquors, and distilled by the northern nations. Heracteum cGumMirerum. Yields gum ammoniac. Fennet ciant, Ferula, F. communis. Seeds carminative ; green pith of the stem used in spitting of blood. SMALL FENNEL GIANT, Ferula, F. galbanifera, F. Ferulago. Seeds found in galbanum produced this plant. Ferrvuta assaretipa. Old roots yield assafcetida, young roots Toasted and eaten; leaves eaten as greens. Some seeds found in sagapenum produced an unknown fecula. Ferura Persica. Also said to yield gum ammoniac. *Hocs Fennet, Sulphur wort, Hore strange, Peucedanum, P. officinale. Root very diuretic, attenuant, expectorant, aperitive ; wounded it exudes a gum resin. *Meapow saxirrace, Sazifraga vulgaris, Peucedanum silaus, Root aperitive, used in calculous cases. CAcHRYs Linanotys. Root very heating and detersive ; used externally in piles.—C. odontalgica. Used in toothach. *Samenine, Crithmum, Feniculum maritimum, Herba Sancti | Petri, Crithmum maritimum, Excites the appetite,—Pickled sam- phire. Used for sauce. _ Mountain ransiey, Petroselinum montanum, Athamanta oreo- G 82 i VEGETABLES.—Umse.iirer2. selinum ;—* BLACK GENTIAN, GENTIANA NIGRA, A. libanotis. — Diaphoretic, diuretic, used in calculus. Daucus Creticus, Athamanta Cretensis.' Seeds odorous, car- a minative, diuretic, antihysteric, and nervine. . - . hs SkLinum cARuiroita ;— Milky parsley, 8. sylvestre. Roots — alexiterial. a *BuLBocastanuM, Bunium bulbocastanum. ‘Tubers, earth nut, — hipper nut, pig nut, haugh nut, very nourishing, stimulant ; useful — in bloody urine and spitting of blood: sold for salep roots. = *Carnrot, Daucus nostras, D. vulgaris, D. carota. Roots dauct — radix, saccharine, alimentary ; externally to carcinomatous and ~ foul ulcers > a sugar is made from them. f Witp Carrot, Daucus sylvestris, D. visnaga, Ammi visnaga, 3 V. daucoides. Seeds, dauci semina, P.L. diuretic, antipleuritic ; rays of the umbel Spanish toothpicks. Daucus cummirer. “Yields one sort of opopanax. ApsowAEN, Ammi Copticum, Daucus Copticus, Bubon Cop- ticum. Seeds carminative ; imported from the East Indies. *GREAT BASTARD PARSLEY, Caucalis latifolia ;—* Fine-leaned — bastard parsley, Caucalis daucoides ;—C, leptophylla ;—C. grandi- — flora. Are all diuretic. i *Hepce parstey, Hens foot, Caucalis minor, Tordylium an- thriscus ;—* Harts wort, Tordylium officinale. Roots and seeds — diuretic. | | 4 ORIENTAL PIcK-TOoTH, Gingidium, Artedia squamata. Leaves © diuretic, stomachic, used as a potherb, or eaten raw: tays of the © umbel used as toothpicks. ve *Tuoroucn wax, Perfoliata, Bupleurum perfoliatum. Vil+_ nerary, used externally in tumours. kp *Hares EAR, Auricula leporis, Bupleurum rotundifolium; and | the other species of the same genus, are aperitive, discussive, and — . diuretic. f SHRUBBY HART-worT, Seseli Aithiopicum, Bupleurum frutico-— sum. Seeds carminative, very acrid and odorous. . Buack MASTER-wort, Astrantia major ;—A. minor. Roots — used in scirrhus of the spleen, and mania. | *SANICLE, Sanicula Europea. Leaves vulnerary, cleansing. _ *Marsu PENNy-wort, White rot, Hydrocotyle vulgaris ;—_ BuTTON SNAKE-WEED, Lryngium aquaticum: (root, eryngiums, P.U.S.)—*Common ERYNGO, Eryngium campestre ;—* ERYNGO, Sea holly, E. maritimum. (Shoots boiled eaten as asparagus.)— Three-leaved eryngo, E. tricuspidatum. Roots aphrodisiac, diu- retic, sudorific, may be used for contrayerva.—Candied eryngo, Radix eryngii condita. Roots slit, washed in cold water, and then put into the syrup. I. VEGETABLES.—Crassvnacen. $3 STINKING WEED, Eryngium feetidum. Leaves, in infusion, _anti-hysteric, either internally or in clysters. 108. .:CUNONIACE. Rep TAN, Weinmannia..... Bark astringent, frequently inixed with that of the Loxa tree, or Peruvian bark. 109. SAXIFRAGEA. *Warte Saxirracer, Saxrifraga alba, S. granulata ;—* Rue- leaved whitlow-grass, Paronychia, tary fh trydactylites ;—Nar- Prow-leaved saxifrage, S. cotyledon ;—* London pride, 8. geum, and most other species of this genus, are aperitive, diuretic; useful in jaundice, obstructions, and scrofula. | CHRYSOSPLENIUM OPPosITIFOLIUM;—*GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE, or |, bench Chrysosplenum alternifolium. Aperitive, diuretic, an atic, and pectoral. _ *Tusrrovs moscuatEet, Adoxa moschatellina. Has nearly the same qualities. Hevcuera Americana. Root, alum root, heuchera, P.U. 5S. astringent, used externally in cancer. 110. CRASSULACEZE, _ The thick juicy leaves are used outwardly as cooling and astringent. Masy of them contain malate of lime, *Navet wort, Umbilicus Veneris, Cotyledon, C. umbilicus. Refreshing, detersive, cooling, very diuretic, useful in inflamma- tions of the skin. _ *Rose wort, Rose root, Rhodia radiz, Rhodiola rosea. Root cephalic, astringent. | _ *Onrrye, Live long, Telephium, Crassula, Fabaria, Sedum telephium. Astringent, easing pain in fresh wounds or in old ~ ulcers ; eaten as a potherb, leaves a slight but disagreeable irrita-— tion in the throat. _ Eyeroreen Lesser novuse-teex, Sedum anacampseros ;— Annual white house-leeh, Sedum cepea. Equally cooling, astrin- gent, and diuretic. *Lessex nouse-LeEEK, Prick madam, Sedum minus, S. album. Qualities the same; used in salads. *WatLt PEPPER, Stone crop, Sedum minimum, Illecebra, (Sedum acre. Emetic, cathartic, detersive in cancers and scrofula, anti- scorbutic : externally rubefacient. _ *ComMMON GREAT HOUSE-LEEK, Sedum majus, Sempervivum, Semp. tectorum. Cooling, astringent ; used externally to corns, G2 | 84 I. VEGETABLES.—Paronycu ice. 111. GROSSULARI#. The fruits of this order are eatable, acidulous, and cooling. *Rizes, Ribesia, Ribes rubrum. Fruit, red currants, garnet — berries, acid, cooling; juice of the fruit with sugar drank as lemonade or orgeat; and made into wine.—White currants. A variety ; fruit less acid, juice made into wine, *BLACK CURRANTS, Quinsey berries, Ribes nigrum. Odour — similar to that of bugs; leaves, in infusion, aperitive, diuretic, used in gargles, young leaves substituted for tea; fruit aperitive, used in calculous affections ; the juice boiled made into wine. *GrossuLaria, Uva crispa, Ribes grossularia, R. uva crispa. Berries, gooseberries, berries, used as sauce for mackerel and other fish ; astringent, but when very ripe, laxative; make wine © and vinegar; seeds washed and roasted, substituted for coffee.— Ribes triste. Berry black, used to colour wines.—R. punctatum ; —R. Alpinum ;— R. - fragrans 3—R. viscosum ;—R. macrobotrys ; —R. albinervium. Fruit eaten. 112. NOPALE. i Inpran Fic, Prickly pear, Cactus opuntia, Opuntia vulgaris, ‘ Fruit sweetish, diuretic; plants very cooling; juice contains a red — colouring principle, which colours the urine of those that eat the fruit.—Cactus coccinillifer, Opuntia coceinillifer. The food of the grana fina cochineal. Cactus Ficus Inpica, O. fic. Indica. The food of the grana sylvestria cochineal. a 113. TAMARISCINE. *Tamarisc, Zamariscus, T. Gallica; — German tamarisk, Tamariscus Germanica ;—T. Africana. Ashes contain sulphate of soda. A species of tamarisk affords Afabian manna. Mg 114. PARONYCHICEA. *SEA CHICKWEED, Arenaria, Polycarpon tetraphyllon. Herb — applied to whitlows. | *VERTICILLATE KNOT-GRASS, Corrigiola, Illecebrum verticil- latum. Refrigerant and astringent. *Rurture wort, Herniaria glabra. Rather saltish, astrin-_ gent, diuretic ; juice removes specks in the eye. *Strap wort, Corrigiola littoralis. Herb cooling. *ANNUAL KNAWELL, German knot-grass, Scleranthus annuus. Diuretic, astringent, the vapour arising from a decoction of it is used in the toothach. I. VEGETABLES.—OnacGrariz. 85 *PERENNIAL KNAWELL, Scleranthus perennis. Coccus Polonicus is found upon its roots. ACHRYANTHES ASPERA. Herb diuretic. 115. PORTULACE. Porstane, Portulaca, P. oleracea. Used as a potherb, cool- ing, useful in scurvy, heat of urine, and bilious disorders; seeds vermifuge. JAMAICA PURSLANE, Portulaca pilosa. In salads, diuretic; as also its expressed juice. | TELLINUM UMBELLATUM. Flowers used as a cosmetic. CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA, C. Cubensis. Used both as a salad -and a potherb. 116. FICOIDE. Ice pLant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Contains acetate of potash ; like the other species of this genus it is very mucila- paar and useful in inflammatory and bilious fevers.—M. edule. lent.—M. Copticum. Burned for barillaa—M. nodiflorum. Used in the preparation of Morocco leather; and burned for a. Terraconia Expansa, Demidovia tetragonoides. Antiscor- butic, cooling, used as a potherb. _ Sxsuvicm porturacastrum. Used as a potherb. REAUMURIA VERMICULATA. Exudes common salt mixed with 117. ONAGRARI, *T ree primrose, Cinothera biennis. Root cleanses foul ulcers, and is eaten in salads. Rosk-BaAY WiLLOW-HERB, Persian willow, French willow, ilobium angustifolium. Suckers eatable; an infusion of the t intoxicates; down of the seeds, mixed with cotton or fur, been woven or felted. “Boab smooTH-LEAVED WILLOW-HERB, Epilobium montanum ; —*Square-stalhed willow-herb, E.-tetragonum. And the foreign species are used to cleanse foul ulcers. Jussteva Peruvians. Leaves emollient. *ENCHANTERS’ NIGHT-sHADE, Circaa Lutetiana. Resolvent, vulnerary ; ee supposed to possess wonderful properties in regard to magic and sorcery. | Water catrrors, Tribulus aquaticus, Trapa natans. Herb cooling : nuts, nuces aquatice, farinaceous and nourishing. Esca..onia nestnosa, Twigs covered with resin. 86 I VEGETABLES.—Mvyrtinez. ' 119. COMBRETACEAL. Bark generally astringent. TERMINALIA CHEBULA. Fruit, hurr nut, ink nut, chebulic myrobalans, Myrobalani chebuli. Galls, on the leaves, aldecay, excellent for dyeing. TERMINALIA BELLERICA. Fruit, belleric myrobalans, myro= ~ balani bellerici. 'Taken from 3vj to 3jss, are astringent. ve YELLow myrroBpaLans, Myrobalani citrini ; — Pickled myro- balans. 'The yellow myrobalans preserved in brine. INDIAN BLACK MYROBALANS, Myrobalani Indici. Fruits of the same genus of plants, but are rather purgative, | 7 VARNISH TREE oF Cutna, Terminalia vernix. Produces the resin used in varnishing the Indian eabinets.—T’ benzoe. Shrub — milky, yields benzoin. Apamaram, Terminalia catappa. Fruit, Indian almond, — nourishing, used by the sick; yields an oil, The kernels of © several other species are eaten. | 120, MYRTINES. : A i vf y Are generally aromatic. essential oil (cajeput oil), | iH Mynrrie, More communis. Leaves odoriferous, cephalic, — astringent ; bark and leaves used in tanning; berries used in © dyeing, and to form an extract ; flowers and leaves yield an essen- _ tial oil by distillation ; and the berries a fixed oil, myrteum. Ks g Musk mrrtiz, Myrtus ugni. Root used in dysentery ; leaves — used as tea.—M. luma. Berries used to make wine ; leaves make _ a very cordial tea; root astringent.—M. cheken. Juice, from the — green wood, used in glaucoma. rt - ALLSPICE TREE, Myrtus pimenta, Fruit dried before it is thoroughly ripe, allspice, Jamaica pepper, clove pepper, Piper Jamaicense, Pimenta, Pimente bacce, Piper odoratum, P. cary-— ophyllatum, is heating, aromatic ; used as a sauce, and in liqueurs; yields an essential oil. Lichen pustulatus may be used to reduce — the ground spice. . CLove BERRY TREE, Myrtus caryophyllata. Bark, clove bark, canelle girofiée, Canella caryophyllata, Cassia caryophyllata, aroraatic, cephalic; fruit, carpobalsamum, amomum, agree in I. VEGETABLES.—Sa icarizEx. 87 qualities with cloves.—M. acris ;—M. fragrans. Fruit aromatic, used for spice. : Crove TREE, Eugenia caryophyllata. Flower buds of the tree before they open, dried and smoked, cloves, girofle Anglais, | lus aromaticus, Caryophylli, hot, stimulating, and aro- matic, dose gr. vy to gr.x. Imported from the West Indies, in chests. An inferior kind, from Cayenne, girofle de Cayenne.—Preserved cloves are also imported.—The ripe fruit, mother cloves, fusses, hylli, large, less aromatic.—Preserved mother cloves. Sto- machic and antispasmodic. The footstalks, Griffes de girofle, used to flavour distilled spirit.. Officinal preparations.—Infus. cove dy D.L. Infus. aurant. comp., D. Mist. ferri aromat., D. Vinum opii., LZ. D. Confect. aromatica, D. Z. Electuarium scammonil, D.Z. | Jampos. Eugenia jambos. Fruit eatable, aromatic, LzrrosPERMUM scorpARIUM. Leaves used as tea. PoMEGRANATE TREE, Punica granatum. Fruit, pomegranate, mala Punica, granata, very cooling, antibilious, astringent, cordial. Rind of the fruit, pomegranate peel, granati cortex, malacorium, astringent, detersive ; yermifuge ; in powder, 3ss to : 5 in infusion to 3ss; used in tanning : from the south of Europe ; ouble flowers of the wild trees, balaustie ; of the cultivated trees, cytint, tonic, astringent. Syrtnea, Mock orange, Philadelphus coronarius. Flowers _ strong scented ; leaves detersive, used as tea. | ALANGIOM DECAPETALUM ;—A, hexapetalum. Roots aromatic, cathartic. Lecyruis zazucaco. Seeds, Brazil nuts, kernels eatable. ean MELIANTHIFOLIA, Zourowin Guajanensis. Berry _ Brown cum trex, Eucalyptus resinifera, Metrosideros gum- mifera. Yields the brown gum or Botany-bay kino,—Zucalyptus alaccensis, Bark used in dysentery. 121, MELASTOMZE. Metastoma nirta, Leaves powdered used to sprinkle on pleats ; berries yield a juice like that of myrtle berries; also used or ulcers. Metastoma svuccosa;— WM. alata. Juice used to wash wounds. The berries of various species of melastoma dye a black, which is very lasting, and are many of them eatable. Tococa GUAIANENSIS. Berries eatable, 122, SALICARIE Zz. *PURPLE-sPIKED WILLOw HERB, Lysimachia purpurea spicata, : 88 I. VEGETABLES.—Pomace. Lythrum salicaria. Ophthalmic, astringent, used in the winter F diarrhceas of northern countries ; also as tea, and to make beer. Henna, Lawsonia inermis. Used to colour the nails of females — of a reddish colour. CaLyPLectus acuMINATus. Leaves bitter, affording a — yellow dye. Hancuinot, Ginoria.... .. Juice, Ziiij, is diaphoretic, diuretic, and cathartic: is used in syphilis. 123. POMACEZE, Fruit edible, but some require to become rotten ripe, as other- wise their astringency is too predominant. AppLe TREE, Malus, Pyrus malus. Fruit of the wild crab, — malus sylvestris, rough to the taste, contains an astringent prin- — ciple, and much malic acid: fruit of the cultivated apple, malus, sweet, eatable. RENNETT APPLE, poma renettia, C. P. the sort to be used in y pharmacy. Poma NivaLis. Fruit, when ripe, extremely sweet. *PEAR TREE, Pyrus, P. communis. Fruit, pear, pyrus, eg ; | the same as that of the apple, but becomes much sweeter by cul- tivation: yields sugar. Quince TREE, Cotonea, Cydonia, Pyrus cydonia. Fruit, — quince, cydonia, rough, astringent, binding, very stomachic; seeds, cydonie@ semina, very mucilaginous. *WuiteE Beam, Wild pear, Crategus aria ;—* Wild service tree, Sorb tree, Crategus torminalis. Fruit, wild service, sorb, sorbus, ripened upon straw until soft, eatable, astringent, useful in fluxes. AzAROLE, Crategus azarolus. Fruit of a sharpish taste, sac- charine, refreshing. *“HawtuHorn, White thorn, May, Spina alba, Crategus oxy- + acantha. Flowers odoriferous; fruit, haws, cenelle, yields by Bs fermentation a refreshing acidulous liquor. *Durcn MEpLAR, Mespilus Germanica. Fruit extremely — astringent, even when ripe; leaves and seeds used in detersive — gargles. } Bastarp quince, Mespilus cotoneaster ;—Evergreen thorn, — M. pyracantha. Fruits astringent. “SERVICE TREE, Sorbus domestica. Fruit rough, very astrin- gent, even when softened. Mountain asH, Quicken, Roan, Frazxinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Fruit astringent, dried and powdered makes a kind Si “ I, VEGETABLES.—SaneuisorBe2. 89 of bread; infusion acidulous ; seeds yield oil; bark tans better than oak bark. 124. ROSACEA. *PALE RED ROSE BUSH, Rosa rubra P. L. Rosa pallida C. P. R. Gallica. Petals, flores rosarum rubrarum, rose Gallice petala, less odoriferous than those of the Provins rose, powder 3} laxative. Officinal ations. —Mel. rose, D. L. Conserva rose, D. L. E Infus. rose, L. E. D. *Doc rose Busy, Wild briar, Cynorrhodon, Rosa canina. Root has been recommended in hydrophobia, a decoction of it used in dysentery ; fruit, hips, sbatos, lithontriptic, opening ; oA pip, rose canine pulpa, sh ag fine conserve ; excrescences made by an insect, bedequar, spongia rose, used in calculous dis- eases; petals cathartic, used for jalap. Officinal preparation.— a rose canine, L. *Rosa systyta ;—R. arvensis. Hips fine flavoured. *Sweet saiar, Rosa eglanteria, R. rubiginosa. Leaves odo- riferous; substituted for tea. *HuNDRED-LEAVED ROSE, Rosa flore albo pleno, R. centifolia. Petals, flores rosarum albarum, rose centifolie petala, astringent, purgative, yield an odoriferous distilled water, and butter of roses. Officinal preparations.— Aqua rose, D. L. E. Syrup. rose, D. L. *EVERGREEN ROSE, Rosa sempervirens. Petals musky, very purgative; used for distilling attar of roses. Wuite rose Busu, Rosa alba vulgaris major, R. alba. Petals smell less agreeable than those of the hundred-leaf rose, more purgative. | - Damask rose susu, Rosa moschata, R. Damascena. Petals, rosarum Damascenarum, pale red, good scent, more purga- tive than the other. Provins rose, Rose de Provins, Rosa rubra, C.P. R. Pro- vincialis. Petals deep red, scent powerful, which they preserve after drying; astringent, tonic, cephalic ; may be kept for a year or eighteen months, ‘by being closely pressed together ; some pre- fer iron vessels for this purpose.—2, mollissima. Fruit edible. 125. SANGUISORBEA. *Smatt Burnet, Pimpinella, Sanguisorba, Poterium sangui- sorba. Used in salads; cordial. *Acrimony, Eupatorium Grecorum, Agrimonia, A. eupato- rium. Herb used in gargles ; also as tea. *Parsiey vient, Aphanes arvensis. Diuretic. *Lapizs’ MANTLE, Bear's foot, Alchemilla vulgaris ;—* Alpine 90 I. VEGETABLES .—PorentTILuez. ladies’ mantle, A. Alpina. Very astringent, used in decoction as a bath to render women’s breasts firm. 126. POTENTILLEA. *ToRMENTIL, Septfoil, Tormentilla, Hetaphyllum, Tormentilla erecta. Root, tormentille radix, very astringent, febrifuge, and not stimulant ; dose 9) to ij. *Cine-ForL, Five-leaved grass, Pentaphyllum, Quinquefolium, Potentilla reptans. Bark of the root used as a gargle for loose teeth ;, leaves febrifuge, taken as tea. *WiLp TaNsiE, Silver weed, Argentina, Potentilla anserina ; —* Hoary cing-foil, Potentilla argentea ;—* Purple marsh cing- foil, Pentaphyllum rubrum palustre, Comarum palustre. Febri- fuge ; root of this last dyes a dirty red. “STRAWBERRY PLANT, Fragaria, F. vesca. Roots aperi- tive; fruit, strawberries, cooling, opening, diuretic, dissolves the tartar off the teeth, diaphoretic, used in calculous gout and con- sumption. *BARREN STRAWBERRY, Fragaria sterilis. Root astringent; dyes red, *Avens, Herb bennet, Caryophyllata, Geum urbanum ;— *WatTER AVENS, Geum rivale. Roots scented like cloves, sudo- rific, tonic, antipodagric, stomachic, febrifuge ; may be substituted for bark: when young, they give a pleasant flavour to ale, and prevent it from growing sour.—-Geum montanum. Root, pink root, imported from the south of Europe; used for the same pur- poses as avens, *RaspBERRY BUSH, Rubus Ideus. Fruit, raspberry, hind- berry, cooling, cordial, communicates a fine flavour to liqueurs : leaves form astringent and detersive gargles, *Dewserry BusH, Small bramble, Rubus cesius. 'The same but sourish. *KNoTBERRY Busu, Chamemorus, Rubus Actlatntbrus: Fruit, cloudberry, knotberry, acerb, astringent, dyes a bluish purple; leaves and tops astringent. *BLACKBERRY BUSH, Bramble, Rubus vulgaris, R. frutico- sus. Fruit, blackberry, rather acerb; eatable; but soon sick- ening; green twigs used in dyeing black; root used in chin- cough, ret AMERICAN DEWBERRY, Rubus trivialis;—American blach- berry, Rubus villosus, Bark of the roots febrifuge, used for bark. © . : *STONE BRAMBLE, Chamerubus, Rubus sazatilis. Berry escu- ent, : to I. VEGETABLES.—AmycpaLez. 91 - 127. ULMARIEZE. *MEADOW SWEET, Queen of the meadows, Ulmaria, Regina prati, Spirea ulmaria. Herb sudorific, astringent, antispas- modic; flowers give a fine flavour to warm water. *Dror wort, Filipendula. Spirea filipendula. Herb astrin- as diuretic; roots dried and powdered, used for bread in ines. SpikeD wittow, Spirea, S. salicifolia. Seed astringent.— Hard hack, Spirea tomentosa. Root, spirea, P. U.S. AMERICAN Ipecacuanna, Indian physic, Gillenia trifoliata, Spirea trifoliata. Bark of the root, Gillenia, P. U.S. gr. xx, emetic, tonic. Mavririvs tecacuanna, Sudia heterophylla. Bark emetic. 128. AMYGDALE/Z. NoEta-TALt, Antidesma alexitera. Fruit cooling; leaves antiseptic. BrasttLeTtT0, Pseudo-brasilium, Picramnia triandra, P. anti- desma. Wood used to dye red. | Lecania incana, Hedycroa ;—Chrysobalanus purpurea ;— C. oblongifolius ;—TIcaco, C. icaco. Fruits eaten. *Cuerry, Gee, Cerasus, Prunus cerasus, Many varieties; fruit, red cherries, cerasa rubra, cooling, nutritive, laxative ; leaves used as tea in fevers.—Brandy cherries. Morello cherries pre- served in brandy. *Birp cHERRY, Wild cluster cherry, Cerasus avium, Prunus at Fruit, black cherries, cerasa nigra, astringent, nauseous, ut gives an agreeable flavour to wine or brandy. Sour CHERRY, Amarelle, Prunus cerasus acida. Fruit escu- lent, acidulous. 7 PERFUMED CHERRY-TREE, Prunus mahaleb. Wood, Saint Lucie wood, odoriferous, sudorific; kernels, macanet grains, used to scent washballs, Lavret, Laurocerasus, Prunus laurocerasus. Leaves have been used in cookery for those of the bay tree, but are less aromatic, and communicate the flavour of bitter almonds: as they contain Prussic acid, they act on the nervous system, and are dangeorus ; distilled oil of the leaves poisonous to animals. Officinal prepar- . ation.—Aqua lauro-cerasi, D. Witp cHerny trex, Prunus Virginiana. Bark febrifuge ; lum and leaves sete to many animals.—Prunus aspera ruit edible.—P. hyemalis. Fruit acerb, edible in winter. *Pium, Prunus domestica. Many varieties; fruit laxative, 92 F VEGETABLES.—Lecuminos#. French plums, pruna Gallica, black, acidulous, cooling, laxative, apt to purge. Prune.iors, Imperial plums, pruna Brignoliensa. Yellow, not apt to purge.-——Prunes, pruna Damascena, black, purgative. Stor tree, Black thorn, Prunus sylvestris, P. spinosa. Leaves substituted for tea; bark powdered, 3ij used in intermittent fevers; flowers %j, infused in water or whey, are a pleasant purge; fruit, sloes, pruna_ sylvestria, gives a pleasant flavour and red colour to wine; juice of the fruit stains linen of an indelible colour. APRICOCK TREE, Prunis Armeniaca. Fruit, apricocks, Arme- niaca mala, precocia, nourishing, laxative, febrile ; seeds_bitter, saponaceous. Brrancon apricocks, Armeniaca Brigantiaca. Fruit acid ; kernels yield oil. PrEAcH TREE, Nectarine, Amygdalus Persica. Leaves and flowers purgative ; fruit, Persica mala, in hot countries, the same : wood used in dyeing, sold in chips and ground. DwarF ALMonD, Amygdalus pumila. _ Flowers purgative. ALMOND TREE, Amygdalus communis. Kernels, sweet almonds, amygdale dulces, pectoral and cooling, but mawkish; imported from the south of Europe and the Barbary coast; Mogadore. Blanched almonds. Almonds thrown into boiling water until the skin comes off by pressing between the fingers, the hot water is then strained away, the almonds flung into cold water, peeled, and dried either in a stove or the sun until they are brittle.— Burnt almonds ; used to colour and flavour liqueurs. — Bitter almonds, amygdale amare. A variety, imported from Mogadore, used to relieve the flavour of the sweet, and to clear muddy water; both pressed for oil.—Almond cake, amygdale placenta, left on pressing the oil, used for washing the hands. Principal officinal preparations.— Amygd. dulces. Oleum amygd., and Con- amygd. D. LZ. Mist. amygd. D. AQuiILARIA OvATA, Aloexylum agallochum. Wood, aloes wood, calambac, eagle wood, lignum aloes; white, buried for some time becomes dark and resinous, cordial, alexiterial; used in fumiga- tions and pastilles—Aghilcuttay, Lignum aspalathi. Reddish, resinous, added to sandal wood to increase its fragrancy. CaLYCANTHUS FLOoRIDUS. Root emetic, seed poisonous. 129. LEGUMINOSA. Eeyrrian THORN, Acacia, Mimosa Nilotica. Exudes white gum Arabic, juice of its pods is made into acacia vera.—Mimosa Senegal ;— M. Farnesiana. Exudes gum. Principal officinal _I. VEGETABLES.—Leeuminos«. 93 —Mucil. acacie, LZ. Emulsio Arab, D. Mist. cornu usti., Z. Confectio amygd., L. D. Miseki catTecuu. Yields terra Japonica. Principal officinal preparations.—Infus. catechu comp., and tinct. catechu, L. Coccoon, Mimosa scandens. Seeds eatable. ; Cats’ craw, Mimosa unguis cati. In decoction, diuretic. CREEPING AND PRICKLY SENSITIVE PLANTS, Mimosa. «« « Roots cleaned and barked, about gr. Xv, in red wine, used against poisons ; leaves poisonous.—M. inga ;— M. fagifolia ;—M. ferozx. Seeds purgative, but eaten. Mimosa NATANs. Eaten as a salad herb. Basut, Barbura, Mimosa Arabica. Yields yellow gum Ara- bic—M. amara. Bark bitter.—M. saponaria. Bark makes a kind of svap. ‘TRIrPLE-THORNED ACACIA, Gleditsia triacanthos. Seeds used to feed animals; sap yields sugar. Canoz TREE, St. John’s bread, Siliqua dulcis, Caroba, Ceratia, Ceratonia siliqua. Pod used as food for man and beast, and by singers to improve the voice. Tamaninp, Tamarindus, T. Indica. Pulp acidulous, cooling, laxative; stones baked, soaked in water to get off the skins, and the kernels boiled or fried, used for food. TAMARINDS IN THE PoD, Tamarindi fructus naturalis. From ; in bags of six cwt. each.—ReEp TAMARINDS, Tamarindi » Tamarindi preparati. ‘The shells broken off, and syrup added to preserve the ulp.—BLack TAMARINDS, Tamarindi nigrr. The shell broken of and salt added to preserve the pulp.— Eastern Islands tamarinds. ‘The shell broken off, and the pulp dried in the sun. Officinal preparations. —Infus. senne cum oe D- E. Eleetuarium senne, D. L.L. Elect. cassia, E Scorra srectosa, Guaiacum Afrum. Seeds eaten. Cassia stick trEE, Cathartocarpus fistula, Cassia fistularis. Fruit, cassia fistula, two feet long, size of the thumb, imported from the West Indies ; pulp purgative, cooling. Horse CASSIA, Cassia Brasiliensis, C. mollis, C. Javanica. Pulp purgative, bitter. STINKING WEED, Jamaica climbed Cassia occidentalis. TEx- pressed juice used in eruptions ; root diuretic. West Inpia senna, Cassia emarginata, Pulp of the pods laxative ; leaves purgative, used for senna. AMERICAN SENNA, Cassia Marylandica. Leaves purgative. CASSIA ORIENTALIS, C. acutifolia. Leaves, Mecca senna, pil- grim senna, senna, senna Alexandrina, senne folia, lanceolate, equal Sided, with glands above the base of the petiole, 5j to 3j,.or in 94 I. VEGETABLES.—Licuminosa. infusion, purgative, nauseous and apt to gripe, best corrected with ginger or coriander seeds. The leaves of Cynanche arguel, and Coriaria myrtifolia are mixed with senna; the leaves of Pleriploca Greeca, Globularia alypum, of several other species of Cassia and. of Colutea, and those of Coronilla emerus, are substituted for senna: pods, senne folliculi, less purgative than the leaves, but also less bitter, and'seldom gripe. Officinal preparations. —'Tinct. senne comp. D. Electuarium senne, D. #. Confectio senne, L. Infus. senne, Z. H. Infus. senna comp. D. Pulv. senne comp. L. : Cassia azpsus. Leaves reverse ovate, two awl-shape glands at the base of the petiole; mixed with those of the preceding plant : seeds, tschischim semina, applied with sugar to the eyes in the Egyptian ophthalmia. le CassIa sENNA. Leaves, [talian senna, Coromandel senna, coun- try senna, nearly ovate, petiole not glandular, more nauseous and less active than the Alexandrian: used in the East Indies for senna. CassIALANCEOLATA. Leaves, Mocho senna, East Indian senna, senna Arabica, very long, lanceolate, equal sided, smell weak. —Cassia..... Lethe, Tripoli senna, senna T'ripolitana, large, blunt, rough, darkish green. CANE-PIECE SENSITIVE PLANT, Cassia chamecrista. Used against the poison of nightshade.—C. alata. Flowers used to cure tetters. | Rineworm susu, Cassia herpetica. Bruised leaves and ex- pressed juice used against itch, tetters; and ringworms. - SmoorH sonpuc treE, Guilandina moringa, Hyperanthera moringa, Moringa Reylanica, M. oleifera. Root, moorunghy root, East Indian country horse-radish, acrid, used as a sauce: wood, lignum nephriticum, diuretic, used for dyeing blue; nuts, ben nuts, pois queniques, nuces behen, balanus myrepsica, glans unguentaria, yield oil by pressure; pods, leaves, and flowers, eaten as pot- herbs. . | - -YxrLow nickar TREE, Guilandina bonduc. Nuts, yellow nichars, astringent, used in gonorrhoea, yaws, and convulsions. GREY NICKAR TREE, Guilandina bonducella. Nuts, grey nichars, pressed for oil. GuILANDINA SAPPAN, Cesalpinia sappan. Wood, Chappung- ham wood, Sappan, bois dInde, bresillet des Indes.—¥F rom the East Indies ; used to dye red, scentless. Locwoop TreE, Hematorylon Campechianum. Fixudesa gum: wood, logwood, lignum Campechense, hematoxyli lignum, in large logs, without any bark, solid, inside pale reddish brown, sweetish ; astringent 9) to 3j, used to dye red or purple. , ESALPINIA CRIsTA, Wood, Brazil wood, lignum Brasiliense, I, VEGETABLES.—Lecominos2. 95 very hard, sinks in water, pale when fresh cut, but turns nearly black by exposure to air; used to dye red, and for ink; from South America,—Cesalpinia Brasiliensis, C. Bahamensis. Wood, Bahama brazilletto, used to dye red, gives a deep colour to water. —C. echinata. Wood, Nicaragua wood, bresil de St. Marthe, stockvisch hout, in short logs with a thin bark, much split, very hard and heavy, smells like salt fish; used to dye red.— C. vesicaria, C. bijuga, Poinciana bijuga. Wood, bastard Nicaragua wood, brown, dyes red; from Jamaica.—C. coriaria. Pods, libidibi, used in tanning. BARBADOES FLOWER FENCE, Barbadoes pride, Spanish carna- tions, Cesalpinia pulcherrima, Poinciana pulcherrima. Tea of the leaves and flowers, and syrup of the flowers, purgative, and emmenagogue ; also the ae hh powder, dose 3j, in common use with the negro slave girls to procure abortion. . Borea rronposa. Yields, by incision, gummi rubrum astrin- gens. | ADENANTHERA PAVoNIA. Wood substituted for red sanders. Lorus covrsarit, Hymenia courbaril. Exudes gum anime, pods contain an acidulous nutritive farina. PopAtyria TIncror1a. Root dyes black, Jupas TREE, Cercis siliquastrum. Flowers piquant, antiscor- butic, in salads. STINKING BEAN TREFOIL, Anagyris fetida. Leaves emmena- gogue, cephalic; seeds emetic. *Forze, Whins, Gorse, Genista spinosa, Ulex Europeus. Plant attenuant, diuretic, determining to the skin, occasioning nausea. _- Canary rose woop, Genista Canariensis. Root, lignum rho- dium, yellowish, with red veins, has the seent of roses: used for fumigation, is cordial and cephalic. *Dyers’ sroom, Green weed. Wood waxen, Sereque, Genista tinctoria. Flowers and leaves aperitive, diuretic; used to dye yellow. GenisTA ovata, used to dye yellow. _ Sprartium purcans. Leaves and seeds purgative. _*Broom, Genista, Spartium scoparium. 'Tops, spartii eacumina, diuretic, even to animals who browse on them; flowers used as a pickle for the table ; seeds emetic, cathartic ; roasted and used as coffee. Officinal preparation.—Extract. scoparii, D. SraNisH Broom, Spartium junceum. Qualities the same as common broom. Treroiw acacia, Aspalathus, Spartium spinosum. Yields Italian acacia, 96 I. VEGETABLES.—LeEcuminos. Lasurnum, Cytisus laburnum. Leaves diuretic, resolvent.— C. cajan. Seeds, pigeon pea, Angola pea, orror, used as food, strong tasted’; young shoots pectoral ; roots aromatic. Hairy SHRUB-TREFOIL, Pseudo-cytisus, Cytisus hirsutus. Leaves cooling, diuretic. Waite Lvurine, lupinus, L. albus. Seeds rather bitter, em- menagogue, vermifuge ; used as food, and externally in resolvent — poultices. Witp Lorine, Lupinus sylvestris, L. varius. Seeds bitterish, but nutritive. *Rest-HAkRow, Cammockh, Petty whin, Ononis, Anonis, Resta bovis, Ononis spinosa. Root diuretic, detersive, aperient; used in decoction. ARACHIS. HYPOGEA. Seeds, earth peas, pindars, ground nuts, nourishing; yield oil, made into chocolate; root sweet. *KipNEY vetcH, Anthyllis vulneraria;—Dalea enneaphylla. Dye yellow. Paracuay TEA, Psoralia glandulosa. Leaves stomachic, vul-. nerary, vermifuge. STINKING TREFOIL, Trifolium bituminosum, Psoralia bitu- minosa. Leaves diuretic, anticancerous; seeds yield oil.—P. pentaphylla. Root, Spanish contrayerva. contrayerva, slightly aromatic, taste sharp, used in typhoid fevers. Mountain Liquorice, Alpine trefoil, Trifolium Alpinum. Root sweet. *Hare’s Foot, Lagopus, Pes leporinus, Trifolium arvense. Leaves pectoral, antidysenteric. FIELD TREFOIL, Lotus urbana, Trifolium odoratum, T. ceru- leum. Herb diuretic, vulnerary, anodyne. *CoMMON TREFOIL, Trifolium, Lotus herba sylvestris, T. pra- tense. Herb laxative. *MELILOT, Melilotus, Trifolium melilotus officinale. Herb pectoral, discussive, causes the peculiar flavour of the schab-ziger, or scraped cheese of Germany. Iranian MELILOT, Melilotus vera, Trifolium melilotus Italica. Herb suppurative. *Lucerne, Medicago sativa. Seeds dye yellow. “Little YELLOW TREFOIL, Melilot trefoil, Trifolium luteum minimum, Medicago lupulina. Herb lenifying. SEA KIDNEY vETCH, Anthyllis, Medicago circinata. Herb used in dysury. ; _ Fenucreex, Mayrer, Fanum Grecum, Trigonella feenum Ls ~~ ». FP. er < — ee ae i ef I, VEGETABLES.—Lecuminosx. “OF - Grecum. Seed odoriferous, mucous, resolvent, stomachic, roasted for coffee; dye yellow. | _ Pie torus, Trifolium hemorrhoidale, Lotus hirsutus ;— White lotus, Lotus dorycnium. Seeds useful in piles. _ *Yexttow torus, Lotus corniculata. Anodyne, emollient ; used in burns: leaves turn green in drying. _- Brack Eeyrrian sean, Lablab, Dolichos lablab. Seeds at | Dotitcuos prurtens. Pods, sili hirsuta, eaten when young, imported from the West Indies; the hair of the pods, , dolichi pubes, occasions violent itching, to be allayed by _asolution of green vitriol or oil; vermifuge, by scraping the hair _off a pod into treacle or syrup for a morning dose, and giving a brisk purge after two or three doses of the cowhage; root, in _ decoction, diuretic, and very useful in dropsy. Baxzaty; Dolichos catjang;—D. soya. Seeds used to make _ Soy, eaten in soup, _ Coorrut, Dolichos biflorus ;—D. Sinensis. Seeds eaten,—D. 3—D. bulbosus. Roots eatable. _ Frencu BEAN, Kidney bean, Feve de Rome, Haricot, Phaseo- “lus vulgaris ;—Scarlet bean, Phaseolus coccineus ;—Dwarf kidne be . nanus. Pods eatable, nourishing; flour of the see | ient, diuretic, nourishing. - Mewxco, Halli moog, Phaseolus mungo, Seeds made into sago. —?P. tuberosus. Root esculent. Vettore Bean, Duffin bean, Phaseolus lunatus ;—East India country bean, a variety ;—Soria moog, P. aureus ;—Krishna moog, _P. max ;—Mash cally, P. radiatus;— Moot, P. aconitifolius ;—P. _Tunkinensis. Seeds eaten as pulse. Eryrurta monosperma. Yields a kind of lac. - Gtycrxe Arios, Apios tuberosa. Root farinaceous. Giycixe annus, Abrus precatorius. Root, Jamaica wild liquorice, yields an extract like liquorice; herb diaphoretic, pec- toral, demulcent; seeds, jumble beads, sold at the china shops, ophthalmic, cephalic. Doc Woon, Piscidia erythrina. Bark of the root thrown into or still water, stupifies the aatger fish, without rendering them unwholesome, and kills the smaller ones; used to cleanse foul ulcers. . ~*~ Rosrnta canacana.. Seeds oleaginous, eatable. _ Asrracaues Creticus ;—A. gummifer. Exude gum traga- “eanth, H 98 I, VEGETABLES.—Lecuminosz. | Mixx vercu, Astragalus, A. Syriacus. Root astringent, dius retic. ie *Wiip Liquorice, Liquorice vetch, Astragalus glycyphyllos. Root sweet, used for liquorice; leaves used in retention of urine, — BLADDER sENNA, Colutea cruenta;—C. arborescens, Leaves and pods purgative, used for senna. a Liavoricr, Glycyrrhiza, G. glabra. Roots stick liquorice, li- quiritia, glycyrrhize radix, sweet, opening, expectorant, pectoral, diuretic; chewed, it extinguishes thirst ; its infusion covers the taste of unpalatable drugs more effectually than sugar: 1s. 8d. the lb. ; ground, 2s. 8d. 4 Prickiy Liquorice, Glycyrrhiza echinata. Root sweet, juice is used in tetters and ringworms, a Goats RUE, Galega, Ruta capraria, fa, i officinalis. Sudorific, vermifuge, alexiterial, useful in epilepsy and conyul- — sions.—G‘. piscatoria; G. tinctoria. Intoxicates fish. Ixpico rriant, Anil, Indigofera tinctoria, and several other species, yield indigo. TousErous vetcH, Lath tuberosus. Root tuberous, sweet, — yields fecule ; they are sold for salep roots. Cuicx PEA, Keessari, Lathyrus sativus. Seeds nutritive. *Vetcu, Vicia, V; sativa. Seeds, tare, detersive, astringent. _ The Canadian variety makes good bread. a Vicia FABA. Seeds, garden bean, faba major, nourishing, dif- ficult of digestion, flatulent.—Vicia faba 8. Seeds, horse bean, — faba minor, f. equina, nourishing, roasted for coffee. | *BasTARD VETCH, Orobus sylvaticus ;—O. luteus ;—O. vernus ; —O. niger. Seeds yield a resolvent farina, - | *Birter vetcu, Heath pea, Orobus, Ervum, O. tuberosus. — Roots nutritive ; farina of the seed resolvent. a _Ervum tens. Seeds, lentil, lens vulgaris, mussoor, difficult.of — digestion, astringent, hurtful to the eyes. | ERvouM ErRvILIA. Farina maturative and resolvent. Pra, Motor, Pisum, P. sativum. Green pods used in the scurvy: fresh seeds saccharine, nutritive; dry seeds heavy and flatulent. Cuick PEA, Cicer, C. arietinum. Seeds, calavanches, bhoot, = gram ; heavy, but. wholesome, roasted for coffee; farina re- - Solvent, _ Mirx vetcn, Polygala vera, Coronilla juncea. Herb in decoc- tion increases the milk, ; “SMALL BIRDS-FooT, Ornithopus perpusillus. Herb lithon- triptic, and used in ruptures. | “Sys es ae, iv RTE ee ™“ oe . LL VEGETABLES,—Lrevmnos=. 99 - Scorrron wort, jotdes, Ornithopus scorpioides. Herb stimulant, applied externally to bites of venomous animals. _ *HorsesHor vetcu, Ferrum equinum comosum, Hippocrepis comosa ee senna, Coronilla emerus. Leaves purgative ; used instead of senna by the country people. Securrpaca, Coronilla securidaca. Seed extremely bitter, pur- gative—C. varia. Juice emetic. __*Sarvrorn, Cockshead, Onobrychis, Hedysarum onobrychis. Herb ripening, discussive, useful in strangury. _. Annact, Hedysarum alhagi. Yields Persian manna. SEsBAN, ischinomene sesban. Seeds stomachic, emmenagogue. _ BASTARD SENSITIVE-PLANT, Aischinomene grandiflora. Seeds eatable ; yield gum agaty ; used in dyeing. _ Cappace tree, Worm-bark tree, Geoffrea inermis ;—G. Su- _ Yinamensis. Barks bitter, astringent, febrifuge, and vermifuge, _ in doses of Sj to 3}; but the dose should be less at first, and gra- dually incre®sed, est it should occasion vomiting, delirium, and fever: gr. xv, with as much jalap, a good purgative; or 3jss, _ boiled in water, dose coch. maj. ij—iv, omni mane, for three or four days, and afterwards a dose of oil. PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUs. Wood, red sanders, bresille, rood caliatour hout, santalum rubrum, pterocarpi-lignum, resinous, odo- _ riferous, austere, astringent, tonic: used as ared mane ingre- dient in spirituous tinctures, yields a rosin analogous to dragon’s | i Pleticuries draco ;—P. Indicus. Yield dragon’s blood. —P. dahibergivides. Wood, Andaman red wood, rood. hout, used in dyeing.—P. erinaceus. Yields common gum kino. _- Coparrera orricrnatis. Yields balsam of copaiba. Oriernat Jesuit’s Bark TREE, Kina hina, Myrospermum pedi- tellatum, Myroxylon pedicellatum. The first kind of Peruvian bark brought to Europe; speckled on the outside, resinous when held to the sun, odoriferous, not so bitter or astringent as the pre- sent sorts from the Loxa tree ; yields a rosin. ' Mynrospermvum rervuirenrum, Myrorylon peruiferum, Toluifera — Yields, by incision, balsam of Peru and balsam of Tolu. _ Dirrertx oporata, Coumarouna odorata, Baryosma tonga. Kernel, Tonca bean, odoriferous, used to scent snuff; contains coumarine, which exudes between the lobes. Dennis Prxxnata. Root used for areca nut. _ Srizotosiwm urens. Legume irritating; hairs of the pods _ of all the species are used as anthelmintics ; powdered seeds are tis externally as an‘ antidote against the stings of insects and ~?* n2 ‘2 z= 100 I. VEGETABLES.—TERERINTACE®. PROSOPIS SPICIGERA. Pod esculent. Trsresta? Cercis? Wood, cam wood, red wood, bois de cham, pao gaban, red, with black veins, more porous, lighter, and smoother than either logwood, brasilletto, or Nicaragua wood; from Africa. 130. POLYGALEZ. *Mitk wort, Polygala vulgaris ;—P. amara ;—P. sanguinea ; —Bitter polygala, P. rubella. Roots may be substituted for rat- tlesnake root, dose in powder is 3ss to 3}, useful in pleurisy ; herbs bitter, diaphoretic, in infusion 3iiij taken daily, promote expecto- ration, and are used in catarrhous coughs. PoLtyGALA SENEGA. Root, rattlesnake root, Seneka snake root, senega, senege radix, diaphoretic, diuretic, used in America against the bite of the rattlesnake, either in powder 3} to ij, or 3] boiled in lb. jss of water to lb. j, and given by 3ij atatime; from North America. Black snake root is used for it, Officinal preparation. —Decoctum senege, D. LH. PoLYGALA THEEZANS. Mixed with tea in Japan. KRAMERIA Ix1NA;—K, triandra. Root, ratany, rhatania, Kramerie radix, astringent and tonic. 132... TEREBINTACEZ:, CASHEW-NUT TREE, Cassuvium occidentale, Anacardium occie dentale. Peduncle of the nut astringent, eatable; juice astringent, _ made into a kind of wine; kernel of the nut aphrodisiac, used to increase the memory, as also to quicken the genius; shell of the nut contains an acrid oil: exudes gum. | Matacca BEAN TREE, Anacardium orientale, Semecarpus ana- cardium. Nut, Malacca bean, boiled for the oil, contain a caustic, black, oily mucilage, and then a sweet white kernel, which is cephalic, and increases the memory ; the mucilage is used exter nally in disorders of the skin; green fruit used for marking, eat-~ able. Mancor, Mangifera Indica. Fruit eaten raw ;—Pickled man- goes. Used as sauce ;— Preserved mangoes. 'The fruits peeled, and pressed into sheets like brown paper. : _ Sumacu, Rhus obsoniorum, R. coriaria. Bark, leaves, flowers, and fruits acidulous, very astringent ; shoots and leaves imported and sold ground, for dyeing. | VENICE sumacH, Red sumach, Rhus cotinus, Equally astrin- gent; wood, young fustick, yellow, dyes coffee-colour, and with nitromuriate of tin an orange; fruit, swmach berries, astringent. Porson oak, Rhus toxicodendron. Juice caustic, dyes linen, &e., black, raises blisters on the skin, and is poisonous taken I. VEGETABLES.—Trresinrackx. 101 _ internally ; leaves, toricodendron, P.U.S. toxicodendri folia, stimu- lant, narcotic, used in palsy ; dose gr. ss to gr. iv, twice or thrice a-day. : _ Common Pennsytvanran sumacu, Rhus glabrum. Bark febrifuge, used in dyeing red.—Rhus copallinum. Yields West India copal.—R. vernix. Yields, by incision, Japanese varnish ; milky juice dyes linen, &c., black. | VircIntan sumacu, Rhus Virginianum, R. typhinum. Berries astringent, used in fluxes of different kinds; juice of the stem raises blisters on the skin. Hoc cum tree, Rhus metopium. Yields hog gum.—R. Ja- vanicum. Berries boiled in water yield rosin—R. striatum. Juice of the bark yields a black colour.—R. radicans. Juice ve- sicatory. * Myrtie-Leavep sumacu, Coriaria myrtifolia. Leaves used in tanning and dyeing the same as sumach ; mixed with senna. Winow wait, Cneorum tricoccum. Acrid, caustic, drastic, a powerful detersive, but dangerous. ComocLaDIA DENTATA. Wood, bastard brasil, dark red, dyes like Brasil wood ; juice dyes the skin of a nearly indelible black colour.—Comocladia angulosa. Wood, Saint Domingo braziletto, used in dyeing.—C. illicifolia. Juice dyes the skin black. ___ Batm or GiLeap TREE, Amyris Gileadensis, A. opobalsamum. _ Yields, by incision, the true balm of Gilead in very small quanti- ties, generally at the rate of three or four drops day trom a ac. 9 even the most resinous trees not yielding more than sixty, whence arises its value: fruit, carpobalsamum, and branches, xylo- balsamum, vulnerary, antiseptic, and used against barrenness. Amynis Eremirera. Yields, by incision, Lym elemi; wood, bois de chandelle noir, split in laths, and burned for lights. Amynis BALSAMIFEKA. Wood, Jamaica rose wood, lignum rhodium, used in cephalic fumigations, burning with a scent of roses ; leaves, in infusion, diaphoretic, aromatic, cephalic ; berries used for balsam of capivi. Beer undescribed trees of this genus, Amyris, are produced true or male frankincense, myrrh, opocal- pasum, bdellium, and liquid myrrh. Amynis troxirera. “Yields a rosin used as a poison in war and hunting, which is, perhaps, that called ticuna.—A. ambrosi- aca. Yields coumia.—A. proteum. Shells of the fruit yield an essential oil.— A. acuchina, Icica acuchina. Yields balsam acouchi. Icica nEPTAPHYLLA. Yields woorali poison, and, according _to some, gum eleni. _ Myropenprum novumirs. Yields balsam houmiri; bark re- ? Ss. 102 I. VEGETABLES.—JuGLanDEx. CANARIUM BALSAMIFERUM. Yields a kind of incense.—C. — commune. Nuts, Java almonds, eaten, and made into bread’; ~ kernels yield an oil. Scuinus Motiz. Yields Peruvian mastich : wood purgative, detersive, astringent: fruits make a kind of wine, rather acrid, soon turning into vinegar. Pistacuta, P. vera. Kernel oily, sweeter than those of al- monds, forms a green emulsion, cooling. TURPENTINE TREE, Pistachia terebinthus, Yields, by incision, Scio turpentine; fruit styptic, pickled for eating ; bark resinous, substituted for narcaphte. Masticu tree, Lentiscus vulgaris, Pistachia lentiscus, Yields, * by incision, mastich ; berries yield oil; wood used in Syspp es affections, gout, and dysentery.—P. Ailantica. Yields Barbary mastich ; fruit acidulous.—P. trifolia. Fruit eatable. JAMAICA BIRCH TREE, Bursera gummifera. Yields resina ehibou ; bark has the qualities of simarouba; root astringent.— Bursera orientalis. Also yields a tonic styptic resin. SPONDIAS CITHEREA. Fruit acid, cooling. Momain, Spondius myrobalanus. Yields rosin; fruit acerb, acidulous, laxative. _ Hoe rrum, Spondius entra. Bark, externally, as a fomenta- tion in anasarca.—Otaheite apple, S. dulcis. Fruit edible. FatsE ANcostura, Wooginoos, Brucea antidysenterica, B. fer- ruginea. Inner bark astringent ; used to make brucine, AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA ;—A. bilimbi ;—A. acidissima. Fruits acid, made into preserves with sugar. BosweE.zia serrata, Libanus thurifera. Yields olibanum.— B. glabra, Yixudes koondricum, and, by incision, yields gugul. » ! ) 133, JUGLANDEA, Watnut, Juglans, J. regia. i "ie sugar; kernels of an ' igestion; when old, acrid; — seeds cooling, but are difficult o yields half their weight of oil by expression; peel of the fruit used in dyeing brown colours; leaves detersive, Fistor: anti- arthritic, anti-syphilitic;-inner bark emetic, and also cathartic when given in pills; spongy substance inside the nut astringent. AMERICAN HIccoRY, Juglans alba. Bark, green leaves, and rind of the fruit used in dyeing, with alum, a bright yellow co- lour. PENNYSYLVANIA WALNUT, Butter nut, Juglans cinerea. Inner bark of the root, juglans, P. U.S, cathartic, and used against worms. : I. VEGETABLES.—Franeutacez. 108 135, PITTOSPOREZE. - Prrrosrorum Tosira. Seeds surrounded by a kind of resin- ous birdlime. _. ? Brurarprera scanpens. Flesh of the berry eatable. 136. CELASTRINEZ. BLADER NUT-TREE, Staphylea trifolia, Kernels eaten. “SPINDLE TREE, Prick wood, Fusain, Evonymus Eur é Seeds, three or four, emetic and purgative; externally ca: as a powder to kill lice, &c.; wood makes good charcoal; fruits dye a yellowish red or rusty colour. CreLasTrus MacRocarRrus. Seeds se) Reo maytenus. De- eoction of the young twigs used as a wash, in the swellings pro- duced by the shadow of the tree called lithi, | 137. ILICIDEZ:. Casstnr Peracua, Jiex vomitaria. Leaves, Paraguay tea, diuretic in infusion, and diminish hunger; but if too much is used, emetic ; an infusion of the high-dried leaves is drank as an exhilarant. _. *Hotty, Ilex, I. aquifolium. Root, bark, berries acrid, pur- gative, and externally used emollient and resolvent ; berries roasted used for coffee ; bark yields birdlime. 138. FRANGULACE. *Bucx THORN, Spina cervina, Rhamnus catharticus. Berries, rhamni bacce, no. xx, or 3}ss, when dried, very purgative, usually made into a syrup ; juice made into sap-green ; bark dyes yellow ; inner bark is cathartic. Ruamnus 1xrectorivs. Berries purgative ; unripe berries, dried, French berries, grana Avenionensia, dye yellow.— Turkey berries, preferred by the dyers, are a larger variety. - RHAMNUS THEEZANS. Leaves used to reduce tea. *BLack ALDER TREE, Alnus nigra, Frangula, Rhamnus fran- gia, Unripe berries used to make sap-green ; ripe berries pur- ive; bark bitter, emetic, detersive, aperitive, and dyes yellow ; k of the root violently purgative ; wood, black dog wood, makes the best charcoal for ota al Evercreen privet, Rhamnus alaternus. Some sap-green is made from it; laxative. _ Jususe tree, Rhamnus ziziphus. Fruit, jujubes, jujuoe - nourishing, mawkish, mucilaginous, pectoral, ; 104 I. VEGETABLES.—NympHEACcEz. Lorus, Rhamnus lotus. Fruit eatable, makes a pleasant wine. 4 [ —R. jujuba. Fruit styptic.— R. soporifera. Fruit anodyne, — soporific ; used in decoction,—R. paliurus. Seeds diuretic ; root and leaves astringent, detersive; fruit incisive —R. Siculus, Eleo- dendrum argan. Nuts pressed for their oil. Great JususEs, Gnoplia, Rhamnus enoplia. Unripe fruit stomachic, astringent ; juice of the ripe fruit laxative. Buack ram THORN, Rhamnus niger, R. lycioides. Fruit, in decoction, relieves the pain of the gout.—R. sanguineus. Bark, boiled in milk, used for the itch. Hovenia putcis. Peduncle fleshy, sweet tasted, esculent. New Jersey TEA, Ceanothus Americanus. Leaves used for tea. _APALACHIAN TEA, Prinos glaber. Leaves used as tea. Buack ALDER, Prinos verticillatus. Bark, prinos, P. U.S., febrifuge. P ARIsToTELIA Macqui, A. glandulosa. Fruit eaten with sugar, or rubbed down with water for a drink. 139. BERBERIDEA. *BERBERIS Oxycantha, B. vulgaris. _ Berries, berberries, pip- peridges, very acid, incisive, astringent, hepatic; bark eustil in Jaundice as an aperitive; root very bitter: root, wood, and bark give wool a yellow colour destructible by air and soap. *ALPINE BARREN wort, Epimedium Alpinum. Roots and leaves astringent. Buiackx turnir, Leontopetalon, Leontice leontopetalon. Root stomachic. Rep turnip, Chrysogonum, Leontice chrysogonum. Root stomachic. 140. NYMPHEACEZ, “YELLOW WATER LILY, Nymphea lutea. Root astringent, contains a quantity of fecula. -*WHITE WATER-LILY, Nymphea alba. Root astringent, refrigerant; a weak infusion useful in leprosy, dose a pint night and morning. EcyrTian BEAN, Jamaica water-lily, Faba Zfgyptiaca, Nym- phea nelumbo, Nelumbium speciosum. Root used as food ; liquor that runs out of the footstalk when cut, used in loosenesses and vomitings, also diuretic and cooling ; seeds nutritive; bark is said to form Chinese rice paper, others ascribe it to artocarpus jaca. aie I. VEGETABLES.—Foumarwenm. 105 141. PAPAVERACE., _ *Wauire porry, Papaver album, P. somniferum. Seeds, maw | ea put into cakes, used in emulsions, better tasted than almonds, yield oil; capsules without the seed, heads, papaveris cap- “4 used in see fomentations ; yielda, by incision, the best opium, and, by expression, a coarser sort: cultivated by the Lincolnshire cottagers, for the purpose of distilling a narcotic _ water from the flowers. Officinal preparations.—The principal are, Extractum opii aquosum, D. Z. Tinctura opii, D. £. L. Tinct. opii camph. D. Z. Acetum opii and vinum opii D. Puly. ipecac. comp. D. E. LZ. Pulv. cornu usti cum opio., Z. Pulv. cretze comp.cum opio, D. LZ. Confectio opii, Z. Emplastrum opii. | Brack vorry, Papaver nigrum. A variety of the last. *Rep rvorry, Corn rose, Papaver rubrum, Rheas, P. erraticum, P. rheas. Petals, rheados petala, pectoral, slightly anodyne ; used also as a red colouring ingredient in medicines. *LoNG-HEADED BASTARD poppy, Argemone capitulo longiori, sgl argemone. leaves used outwardly in inflammations ; the yellow expressed juice takes off spots on the cornea. JamMAIcA YELLOW THISTLE, Argemone Mexicana. Juice and _ leaves used in ophthalmia ; seeds emetic, yield an oil. *YELLOW HORNED porry, Chelidonium glaucum. Seeds and juice analogous to the preceding. | *GREAT CELANDINE, Chelidonium majus. Root detersive, acrid, purgative ; herb ophthalmic. - Broop root, Puccoon, Sanguinaria Canadensis. Juice blood red, gr. vx to xx, used in dyeing; fruit narcotic; root, sanguin- _ aria, P. U.S. emetic, purgative. | May arrte, Podophyllum pedatum. Root, podophyllum, P. U. _ 8. purgative.—Bocconia frutescens. Juice red, used in dyeing. _ JEFFERSONIA DIPHYLLA. Root purgative. 142. FUMARIDE 2. _ *Fomtrory, Fumaria officinalis ; — * Bulbous-rooted fumitory, FP. iulbosa, FP. solida ;—* Yellow fumitory, F. lutea. Very opening, perebing : of use in cutaneous disorders, boiled in milk ; or their expressed juice, taken daily to zij, twice a day ; infusion removes freckles and clears the skin ; dyes yellow. ~ Hornep witp cumin, Hypecoon, Hypecoum procumbens ; — Coppep witv cumin, Cuminum soliquosum, Hypecoon pendulum. Narcotic ; yields cumin opium, 106 I. VEGETABLES.—Crvorrzrs. 143. CRUCIFERA. Contain azote (nitrogen) in their composition, and therefore easily putrify and furnish volatile alkali by distillation; they are generally stimulant, but when dried lose their antiscorbutic quality ; seeds soon lose their vitality, unless kept moist in a cool — place: these plants are always the first that are attacked by insects, } and soon destroyed by them when kept in a hortus siccus. ( *Witp mustarD, Charlock, Rhaphanus rhaphanistrum ;— Rapisu, Raphanus hortensis, R. sativus. Aperitive, diuretic, and excite the appetite ; seed attenuant, pressed for oil. *Mostrarp, Sinapi, Sinapis nigra. Seeds, sinapis semina, — unbruised, coch. maj. j, stimulant, and generally laxative, cure ~ vernal agues: farina of the seeds used as a rubefacient, and as — seasoning ; when mixed with water or vinegar has a bitter flavour, which, after some time, goes off : hull of the seed sold for ground Peppers under the name of P. D. %. e. pepper dust, and pressed or oil. | *WHITE MusTARD, Sinapi album, Sinapis alba. Seeds ground for mustard, but is not so stimulant. *YELLOW CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis. Seed detersive and digestive ; when given to birds instead of rape, heats and kills them ; ground for mustard, but its flavour is inferior. SESS 2: ‘~“ SERSOON, Sinapis dichotoma ;—Rai, S. ramosa ;—Sheta sersha, S. glauca ;—Chinese mustard, S. Sinensis ;—Tori, S. . . ++ + + + Seeds pressed for oil. *CoLr wort, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Brocoli, Sc. &c. Brassica, Caulis, B. oleracea, Afford a copious source of aliment to man ~ and beast; juice a good pectoral, discussive, diuretic, and opens — the belly ; leaves idiarecr, opening. . *Rep caBBace, Brassica oleracea rubra. Leaves used to make a test liquor for acids and alkalies.—Pickled red cabbage. — The leaves sliced and preserved with vinegar and spices, used ‘as a sauce. PPI, Saur KRAvT, Brassica acidulata. Large white cabbages cut — into thin horizontal slices, and placed in a barrel with a layer of salt at top and bottom, and between each layer of cabbages. A board with some weights on it is then put on the top, and it is _ kept in a cool place for some weeks: a kind of fermentation takes — place, and vinegar is formed. Some add juniper berries, coriander — seeds, tops of anise, or.caraway seeds to the salt as a kind of spice. — It may be dried in an oven without any loss of its favour. Be “Turnip, Rapum, Brassica rapa. Root nourishing. ac) 4 | ‘I. VEGETABLES.—Carvorrers. 107 _ Naverre ve Daurnine, Brassica rapa oleifera. Seeds _ pressed for the oil. _ » *Navew, French turnip, Napus dulcis, Brassica napus. Roots nourishing, containing a sweet juice, which is very pectoral, and _ of great use in coughs, asthma, colds, and consumptions. __ +*Rapez, Cole, Navette @hiver, Colsa @hiver, Napus sylvestris, _ Brassica napus oleifera ;—Navette de printems, Colsa de printems, ica campestris oleifera, Seeds pressed for their oil, _ Rocker, Eruca, Brassica eruca ;— Wild rocket, Eruca sylvestris, Brassica erucastrum. Antiscorbutic, diuretic, flatulent, seeds acrid, stimulant, exciting the appetite. | *TowER MusTARD, Turritis hirsuta ;—Bastard tower mustard, Arabis turrita. Juices kill worms, and cures the thrush, Dames vioiet, Rocket, Hesperis matronalis. Incisive; used in dysury, strangury, and dyspneea. * *Watt rrower, Cheiri, Leucojum luteum, Cheiranthus cheiri. Flowers cordial, emmenagogue, used in palsy. Srock ciriiFLowER, Leucojum album, Cheiranthus incanus. Flowers used in inflammation, and to cleanse ulcers. _ TREACLE woRM-sEED, Camelina, Erysimum cheiranthoides. Herb vermifuge, stomachic. ye BROAD-LEAVED HEDGE-MUSTARD. Lrysimum latifolium, Si- _symbrium irio. Herb used as a heating potherb. _ *Hepce mustarp, Erysimum, Erysimum officinale ;—*Jack the hedge, Sauce alone, Alliaria, EL. alliaria ;—* Winter cresses, inter rocket, E. barbarea. Antiscorbutic; used in coughs; ex- ternally detersive; seeds acrid, lithontriptic. _ *EARLY WINTER cREss, Erysimum precor, Barbarea precox ; —*Water radish, Raphanus aquaticus, Sisymbrium amphibium. Herbs acrid, used in scurvy; eaten in salads. *Fiix weep, Sophia chirurgorum, Sisymbrium sophia. Vul- nerary, astringent, detersive. Water cresses, Nasturtium ticum, Sisymbrium nastur- tium. Depurative and antiscorbutic; used in obstructions and calculous cases. *Lapigs’ smocks, Cuchow flower, Cardamine pratensis. Qua- lities of the preceding ; flowers, cardamines flores, antispasmodic, in doses of 3} to 3ij, twice or thrice a day ; flowering tops are still __ more successfully used in epileptic fits. Dewrarta pivnytia. Dried roots used as mustard.—D, | Viautephyte. Root astringent, attenuant. ‘Sarin rrowen, Honesty, Moon wort, Lunaria rediviva ;—L. } Roots detersive; leaves diuretic; seeds extremely acrid, in epilepsy. : ’ | 108 I. VEGETABLES.—Crucirer&. *Atysson, Alyssum campestre. Seeds, with honey, take away — freckles, used in mania. *CoMMON WHITLOW GRAss, Paronychia vulgaris, Draba verna; —*Draba muralis. Opening, detersive; seed, English pepper, hot, used for -pepper. | *Horse rapisn, Raphanus sylvestris, R. rusticanus, Armo- racia, Cochlearia armoracia. Root, armoracie radix, powerfully antiscorbutic, antirheumatic, acrid ; taken, cut into small wre without chewing, coch. j., every morning, incisive; used as a sauce. *SwINE’s cressEs, Coronopus Ruelli, Cochlearia coronopus ; —*Scurvy grass, Cochlearia Batava, C. hortensis, C. officinalis ; —*Sea scurvy grass, C. Britannica marina, C. Anglica. ‘These herbs abound in volatile principles, which are dissipated by heat ;. they are the most valuable of antiscorbutics eaten raw, or only al juice, j, to zilij: an excellent whey may be made from them. *LESSER SHEPHERDS -PuRSE, Bursa pastoris minor, Iberis nudicaulis ;—*I. amara. Antiscorbutic, may be eaten in salads. *SHEPHERDS-PuRSE, Bursa pastoris, Thlaspi Bursa pastoris ; —* Treacle mustard, Penny cress, Thlaspi arvense. (Seeds, 10s. the lb.) —* Mithridate mustard, Bastard cress, T’. campestre. Seeds acrid, detersive, astringent. | GARDEN cRESSES, Nasturtium hortense, Lepidium sativum ; — Ambrosia Lepidium procumbens. Seeds opening, incisive, anti- scorbutic. SERRE Ti SS we yoo *DirTanvER, Pepper wort, Lepidium, vs ga L, latifolium. — in Acrid, irritative, useful in sciatica; infu delivery ; sialogogue. beer, facilitates Sciatica crEss, Iberis, Lepidium iberis, Made into a poul- — tice with lard, used in sciatica. *WILD GOLD OF PLEASURE, Myagrum sativum. Vermifuge; — seeds, sesamum seeds, useful in palsy, yield oil. Buntas ERvcaGgo. Acrid, diuretic. *Sea rocket, Eruca marina, Bunias cakile. Antiscorbutic, — useful in the colic. *Sra Core-wort, Sea cabbage, Brassica marina Anglica, Crambe maritima. An excellent potherb when blanched. Cuara, C. Tatarica. Roots good tasted, nutritive. *Woap, Isatis, Glastum, Isatis tinctoria. Desiccative, astrin- _ gent; used as a blue dye; and indigo is said to have been manu- factured from it.—Jsatis Lusitanica. Used in dyeing. I. VEGETABLES.—AcERINE. | 109 Zz 144. CAPPARIDEA. _. Caper TREE, Capparis spinosa. Bark of the root acerb, dis- eussive, splenic, useful in the gout.—Pickled capers. 'The un- opened flowers used as a sauce. | _ Basrarp mustarp, Cleome dodecandra. Root vermifuge.— C. icosandra. Used as a sauce, and also for sinapisms. gz 145. RESEDACE. _ *Wexp, Yellow weed, Dyers’ weed, Luteola, Reseda luteola. Used in dyeing yellow and green.— French weld. Stem much finer than the English. | - *Witp rocket, Reseda vulgaris, R. lutea. Discussive; used _ externally to dissipate inflammations and tumours; dyes yellow. : 146. DROSERACE SS, *Sun DEW, Rosa solis, Ros solis, Rosella, Drosera rotundifolia. _ Acrid, anti-arthritic, detersive, externally rubefacient. 147. PARNASSIE. *Grass or Parnassus, Gramen Parnassi, Parnassia palus- tris. Juice ophthalmic; seeds diuretic, aperitive. 148. SAPINDACE/E, _ Soar-perry TREE, Saponaria, Sapindus saponaria. Fruit _ used with rum, as an embrocation in rheumatism; tops, leaves, | and seed-yessels form a lather with water, and cleanse linen, &c. ; _ plant intoxicates and kills fish. Liar sent, Euphoria punicea, Dimocarpus, Sapindus edulis ' Fruit esculent. ' Carpiospenmum HALIcACABUM. Juice used as an emollient in gonorrhoea; herb used as food. _ Genie trex, Melicocca bijuga. Seeds oily, esculent. PAULEINIA susrotunpDA. Arillus esculent. ' Lraxe a persit, Seriana triternata. Used to poison fish. Ruizonoitus vexea, PR. tuberculosa, Pehea tuberculosa, Cary- _ gear tomentosum. Seeds, Guiana almonds, Brazil nuts, esculent ; imported from the Brazils. Lhizobolus butyrosus, Pehea buty- _ vacea, Caryocar butyrosum. Seed, surahwah nut, esculent, 149. ACERINE. Common marix, Acer minus, A. campestre. Root useful in _ liver complaints, a 110 I. VEGETABLES.—Gourtirer2. VIRGINIA MAPLE, Acer rubrum. Inner bark used, in decoc- — tion, as.an astringent eye-water. ; Sugar MAPLE, Acer saccharinum ;—* Greater maple, Sycamore, — A. majus, A. pseudoplatanus ;—Norway maple, Acer platanoides. — The sap of these trees, as well as that of the common maple, is used for making sugar and wine. ; 150. HIPPOCASTANIDE/E. HorsE cuestnut, Hippocastanum, Aisculus hippocastanum. Bark and skin of the fruit febrifuge, astringent, used for Peruvian _ bark in doses of 3ss to 3j, also errhine: seeds farinaceous, but must be soaked in an alkaline ley to take off their bitterness. : SCARLET-FLOWERED HORSE CHESTNUT, Zsculus pavia. Bark febrifuge ; root used for soap; seeds, buck eyes, used to poison fish. = 151. MALPIGHIACEZ. Switcu sorreL, Triopteris Jamaicensis. Acerb, bitterish. BakBADOES CHERRY, Cerasus Jamaicensis, Malpighia antl: i | Fruit subacid, carminative, stomachic.—M. mourelia. Bark used as a febrifuge. 3 152. HIPPOCRATICE. HrrrocrateA comosa, H. multiflora. Nuts white, sweetish. 153. HYPERICINE. *Sr. Jonn’s wort, Hypericum, H. perforatum. Resolvent, i attenuant, nervine; in maniacal cases; contains rosin; leaves — give a good red dye to wool, and oil. % “St. Perer’s wort, Ascyron, Hypericum ascyrum. Seeds purgative ; useful in sciatica. fe Bastarp St. Jonn’s wort, Coris, Hypericum coris. Seeds — diuretic, antispasmodic. 3 *Tutsan, Park leaves, Androsemum, Clymenum Italorum, — Hypericum androsemum. Resolvent, attenuant.—H. parviflorum, Vismia guttifera ;—V. sessilifolia, H, sessilifolium. Yield Mexican — gamboge. 3 P| oe * ye 154. GUTTIFER. 4 Ponna MARAM, Poon wood tree, Alexandrian laurel, Calo=— phyllum inophyllum, Balsamaria inophyllum. Seeds yield oil. Santa Maria trEE, Calophyllum calaba. Yields oleum © Sanctee Mariz.—C, tacamahaca, C. inophyllum. Yields Mauti-— tius tacamahac. | T'st Xu, Augia Sinensis. Yields black China vaenialk I. VEGETABLES.—Sarmentacex. 111 _- §YTALAGMITIS cAmMBoGIA ;—Ca é tree, Cambogia gutta, Garcinia cambogia ;—G. morella. Produce gamboge. Cresta arpa;—C. rosea. Juices used as pitch. _ Mamaexa Americana. Fruit eaten.—M. Asiatica, Barring- tonia speciosa, Butonica speciosa. Kernels mixed with baits, and flung into the sea, used to intoxicate fish. _ Grias cautrrtora. Half-ripe fruits, preserved in syrup or brine, used as food. - Dryogpatanors campnora. ‘Trunk contains cells filled with~ camphire, or oil of camphire. ae 155. GERANIE. i Herbs slightly acrid, or acid, vulnerary, and astringent. *CRANES’ BILL, Geranium cicutarium ;—* Musk cranes’ bill, G. moschatum ;—* Herb Robert, Gratia Dei, Geranium Roberti- anum ;—* Doves’ foot, Geranium columbinum, Pes columbinus, G. rotundifolium ; —* Bloody cranes’ bill, G. sanguineum ; — Blue doves foot, G. batrachyoides. Astringent and detersive; used in poultices. _ AMERICAN CRANES’ BILL, Geranium maculatum. Root, geraz nium, P. U.S. boiled in milk, used in the cholera of infants. _. BuLsovus-rooTEeD CRANES’ BILL, Geranium tuberosum. Root in wine used as a wash in inflammation of the vulva. Nasturtium, Indian cress, Tropeolum majus; Smaller nas- turtium, T. minus.—Eaten in salads, antiscorbutic, excite the ite, assist digestion; externally used in stubborn itch.—7. Root eaten. *YeELtow Batsam, Touch me not, Impatiens noli tangere. Herb diuretic, capable of producing a diabetes; but extremely uncer- tain in its operation. "Green sauce, Wood sorrel, Alleluja, Lujula, Acetosella, ifoli Acidum, Oxalis acetosella ;—*O. corniculata. Herbs in salads very refreshing, acidulous, antiputrescent ; make a very pleasant whey ; used for the extraction of salt of sorrel. _ JAMAICA wooD-soRREL, Ovzalis stricta ;—O. compressa ;—O. Sagal 3—O. dodecandra. Acid, cooling.—O. tuberosa, Root potatoes ; herb acid. 156. SARMENTACE. Grare vint, Vitis, V. vinifera. Numerous varieties of this plant are cultivated; fruits, grapes, uve, esculent, juice made into a olay fal wines, also inspissated, and made into sugar.— Dried grapes, ve siccate. From Barbary, in jars.—Raisins of the sun, é 112 I. VEGETABLES.—Hesreripex. Uve passe majores. ‘These and the other raisins are prepared by _ being left to wither a little on the vine, the stalk being cut half way through, then gathered and dipped in a ley of wood ash, and barilla at 12 to 15 deg. Baume, or spec. gr. 1094 to 1116, to — every four gallons of which are added a handful of salt, anda pint — of oil or a pound and half of butter, and then drying them in the sun; they lose about two-thirds of their weight, and become covered with a saccharine exudation ;—Denia raisins, Malaga raisins ;—Valencia raisins ;—Belvidere raisins ;—Lexia raisins ;— Muscatel raisins ;—Bloom raisins ;—Sultana raisins, Uve apyrene. (Small, yellowish red, without stones) ;—Black Smyrna raisins ;— a Red Smyrna raisins ;—Currants, Uve minores Corinthiace ;—East Indian raisins, Kishmish. From the small Shiraz grapes.—AIl these dried grapes are used for food, or fermented with water and — made into wine. — Rape, Vinacea. The cake left on pressing — grapes; it is fermented with water, and distilled for brandy. — Officinal preparations. —Decoctum althes, D. E. Decoct. guaiaci comp., £. Decoct. hordei comp., D. Z. ‘Tinet: cardam. comp., LZ. Tinct. senne, ZL. e 157. MELIACEZ. WINTERA CANELLA. Berry aromatic, used as a spice; bark, white cinnamon, canella alba, canelle cortex, rolled, peeled, whitish, thicker than cinnamon, pungent, and sweet smelling; warm, stimulant, antiscorbutic ; dive er. x to 3ss; used also as a sternu- tatory ; alouchi is said to be the produce of this tree. AzEDARACH, BEAD TREE, Melia azedarachta. Seeds yield oil ; bark, azedarachta, P. U.S. used for the Peruvian; leaves vul- % nerary, vermifuge, diuretic: pulp ef the fruit poisonous ; trees yield gum, and also toddy. RED woop TREE, Swietenia febrifuga. Bark astringent, tonic, used as a substitute for Peruvian bark ; dose, in powder, 3ss. Manocany, Swietenia mahogani. Wood astringent, an extract is made from it. . j Barsapors. cepar, Cedrela odorata ;— Cedrela rosmarinus. — Wood slightly odoriferous, anti-rheumatic ; yields a resin. Toona, Poma, Cedrela Toona. Bark used as a febrifuge. TRICHILIA SPONDIOIDEs. Wood, bastard brasil, used in dye- — ing.—T. spinosa. Berries boiled for their oil. GUAREA TRICHILIOIDES, Bark emetic and purgative. 158. HESPERIDE. Fruits generally acidulous, refreshing, Citron TREE, Citrus medica, C. vulgaris. Fruit, citria malus, — I, VEGETABLES.—HeEsrerivE=. 113 citrus, excites the appetite, stops vomiting, is acidulous, antiseptic, antiscorbutic, and used along with cordials as an antidote to the manchineel poison ; rind of the fruit, citri cortex, aromatic, tonic, yields essence de cedrat ; seeds bitter, vermifuge.— Candied citron cortex citri condita. Soak the peels in water frequently changed, until their bitterness is exhausted, put them into syrup, until they become soft and transparent, then take them out and drain them; stomachic, and used as a sweetmeat. | _ Lemon tree, Citrus medica acida, C. limonum. Fruit, lemon, limonia malus, imported from Malaga and Lisbon in chests, each | in a separate paper; juice of the fruit more acid than that of the citron; rind of the fruit, /imonum cortex, aromatic, not so hot as orange peel; yields essence of lemons ;—Candied lemon peel, cortex limonum condita. Prepared as candied citron peel; a ‘stomachic sweet meat. SEVILLE ORANGE TREE, Aurantium Hispalense, Citrus auran- tium. Leaves and flowers antispasmodic, cordial, 3ss to 3), bis terve in die, or in a decoction; fruit, Seville orange, aurantia malus, aurantie bacce ; imported from Seville; rind of the fruit, aurantii cortex, bitter, stomachic; unripe fruit, orange peas, Curasso oranges, bacce aurantie, aurantia Curaslavensia, aurantia Curas- soventia, used to flavour liqueurs, and for issue peas.— Candied _or Pe cortex aurantiorum condita. Made the same way as candied citron peel; stomachic. _ ORance TREE, Aurantium Chinense, Citrus Sinensis. Fruit, sweet or China orange, sweet; imported from Faro, Lisbon, Port St. Michael’s; price very variable; juice of the fruit con- _ tains a saccharine, as well as an acid matter; mixed with salt is a common purge in the West Indies ; flowers, naphe, sweet scented, used to make orange-flower water; are collected every morning _ in May and June, for thirty miles round Paris, from both public _ and private gardens; buds, aurantie flores, that fall from the trees, used to make orange-flower water.—Candied orange flowers, Flores aurantiorum conditi. Orange flowers, freed from their cups, stamina and pistils, four ounces are put into lb. ij of sugar, boiled to a candy height, and poured on a slab, so as to be formed into cakes; stomachic, antispasmodic.— Malta orange. Pulp red, uice very sweet.—Last Indian small clove orange, Chota chia. Rind used to make the best orange marmalade.—Jast Indian country orange, Koula. Pulp austere and coarse; rind added in small quantity to orange marmalade to give it an agreeable bit- terness. __ Bercamor oxnance trex, Bergamot lemon tree, Citrus medica Bergamotta, Limon Bergamotta, C. limetta Bergamium, Rinds of the fruit very thick, yield essence of Bergamotte. ’ I 114 I. VEGETABLES.—Taeacez. ; Suappock, Pampelmus, Citrus decumana. Fruit very large, — esculent. Lime TREE, Citrus medica acida, C. acida, C. limetia. Fruit, lime, limetta, used to rub floors to cleanse them and also scent the © rooms; juice of the fruit very acid, and even acrid, used to acidu-. — late spirituous drinks. 159. THEACEA. Tura oLEosA. Seeds expressed yield a fine limpid oil.— Buackx tea, Thea bohea. Leaves, in weak infusion, stomachic, favour digestion, raise the spirits, an excellent diluent. | Des Guignes gives the following characters of the different — kinds of black tea, as he observed them in China, using the com- — mon English i i with their usual price at Canton: they — are supposed to be picked from old trees, and are dried in shallow — pans over charcoal fires. | ; 1. Bonea rea, (Vo he, the name of a place,) is of a black cast, and yields a deep yellowish infusion; sells in China for 12 to 15 taels. | 2, Concou TEA, (cong fou, great care,) the infusion is lighter © than that of bohea, te, green, and seldom of an agreeable © smell; preferred by the Chinese and Indian islanders for their _ own use. a 3. SourcHone TEA, (se ow chong, a very little sort,) the infu-_ sion is a fine green, smells agreeably; the leaves ought to have no spots on them. a 4, Pexao TEA, (pe how, white leaf bud,) the infusion is light and rather green, has a violet scent, and a very fine perfume in the mouth. | 5. ImeER1AL TEA (mao tcha,) has a green cast, the infusion is also green; the leaves large and of a fine green; has a slight smell of soap.—To these may be added, Campoi tea, which is intermediate between congou and soutchong. G. PapRE TEA, (pou chong tcha,) a very fine soutchong, imported in pound papers, for presents; being the best and most delicious.—Caper tea, made into balls with gum, and scented, imported only in small boxes. | GREEN TEA, Thea viridis. Doubtful whether a distinct spe- cies, or only the young leaves of the bohea, slowly dried in the shade: the infusion narcotic in a small dose, and appeases the qualms of intexication, but taken largely brings on watchfulness, nervous agitation, and is even emetic: this irritability is best al- layed by butter-milk.—The green teas of Des Guignes are, __ 1. Soncto TEA, (from the place where it is grown,) has a I. VEGETABLES.—Turacrx. 115 leaden cast, the infusion is green, the leaves are longer, and more inted than the black teas ; the inferior sorts have yellow leaves and a smell of sprats. _ 2. Hyson tra, (he tchune, first crop,) is of a leaden cast, the infusion is a fine green, the leaves are handsome, without spots, and open quite flat; it has a strong taste, and a slight smell of roasted chesnuts. | _ 3. Tehu tcha, of which he gives no characters.—Besides these, there are imported into England, these green teas: HWyson skin, or bloom tea, being the large oe leaves of the hyson; a faint deli- eate smell; infusion a pale green; the bloom is given by means of heated under it.—Swperior hyson skin, intermediate be- tween hyson and hyson skin.—Gunpowder tea, a superior hyson in small round grains, of a blooming greenish hue.—Cheliun, or cowslip hyson, a scented hyson, mixed with small berries, that give ita a flavour.—The Ankoy teas, obtained from An Khe, 7 the same appearance as the Canton teas, but are inferior in your, and generally sell from 4d. to Is. a lb. lower. They are | sed to be picked from wild tea plants. The leaves of tea haying little or no smell, they are rendered fragrant by mixing ‘with them the leaves of Olea fragrans, and Camellia sesanqua. e leaves of Polygala theezans, and of Rhamnus theezans, are also mixed with China tea. __ China tea is not turned black by being put into water impreg- | with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, nor does it tinge spirit of blue. The infusion is amber coloured, and is not red- ened by adding a few drops of oil or spirit of vitriol to it. The leaves of speedwell, wild germander, black currants, syringa or mock orange, purple-spiked willow herb, sweetbriar, cherry tree, _ Sloe, are «ea tHtuted for tea, either singly or mixed. In Roan _ countries a variety of plants are used instead of Chinese tea, as — bifolia, Alstonia theeoformis, Gualtheria procumbens, yrtus ugni, Leptospermum scoparium, Ceanothus Americanus, Prinos glaber, Ledum latifolium, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Mo- narda halmiana, Psoralia glandulosa, Cassine peraqua. Zenopoma thea Sinensis is beginning to be cultivated in France as a substi- tute for Chinese tea. In Hindustan, those with whom the com- mon tea does not agree use an infusion of lemon grass, or of Ocy- mum. album. * Javanese Cameriia, Camellia Japonica. Leaves frequently Mixed with those of tea by the Chinese.—C. sesanqua. ‘Legves used for those of tea, are ihielferace, and are also added to tea to Scent it; seeds expressed for their oil—C. drupifera. Nuts ex- _ for their oil, » 12 116 I. VEGETABLES. ~ CisTInez. of 160. PASSIFLORE. Mi Passion-FLOWER, Passiflora caerulea ;—Wild passion-flower, Contrayerva, P. normalis ;—Red passion-flower, P. incarnata, — Roots sudorific. 4 Butt noor, Dutchman’s laudanum, Passiflora murucuja. Herb made into a syrup, or flowers infused in rum, narcotic, used for laudanum. Warer temon, Passiflora maliformis :—Sweet calibash, P. — laurifolia ;—Granadilla, P. hexangularis. Fruit esculent. Paraw, Carica Papaya. Fruit nutritive; seed an excellent — vermifuge; leaves saponaceous; milky juice corrosive, is mixed with water, and used to wash meat to make it tender. 161. VIOLACE AL. PomMBoLIA IPECACUANHA, Jnodium ipecacuanha, Viola ipeca- — cuanha. Root, white ipecacuanha, emetic, milder than the false kinds, but mostly adulterated with them; dose gr. v to Dij; in small doses, gr. ss to gr. ij, given frequently, it is diaphoretic, — expectorant, and stomachic. In both methods it is antidysenteric; gr. v, or enough to excite nausea, given an hour before the fit, has been successful in intermittents. VIoLA 1BonBoU ;—V. parviflora. Roots emetic. *Doc vioLet, March violet, Viola canina ;—* Purple violet, Viola odorata, (petals made into syrup)—*Hearts ease, Pensée, Fiola tricolor. Ylowers moistening, pectoral; seeds diuretic; — roots expectorant, slightly emetic, and in doses of 3}, cathartic. AMERICAN VIOLET, viola. P.U.S. Viola pedata. Root emetic. we ——- 162. CISTINEA. ‘The plants of this order are astringent or pectoral. *Dwarr cistus, Little sun-flower, Helianthemum Anglicum luteum, Cistus helianthemum ;—Cistus pumana ;—*C. guttatus, and the other species are astringent. The parasitic plant hypocistus, Cytinus hypocistus, grows chiefly on the Cistus incanus.—C. Creticus, C. Laurifolius. Yields labdanum. — C. ladaniferus. Yields the inferior sort of labdanum. MALE HOLLY ROSE, Cistus mas, C. villosus ;— Female holly rose, C. feemina, C. salvifolius. eaves and flowers are astrin- gent. 163. LINE AS. *Fiax, Linum, L. usitatissimum. Seeds, lini usitatissimi semind, linseed, emollient, diuretic; yield oil; imported from Russia, I. VEGETABLES.—Canryorny.iex. 117 Poland, and North America.—Linseed cake, lini placenta. Left after the oil has been pressed out; used for feeding cattle and broken winded horses.—* Dwarf wild flax, Mill mountain, L. catharticum. Purgative in doses of 3ss to 3}.—L. selaginoides. Herb bitter, and aperitive. 164. CARYOPHYLLEZ. *Fiewp Pink, Caryophyllus arvensis, Holosteum umbellatum ;— *CuHick WEED, Alsine, A. media ;—A. mucronata ;—*Spurry, ) arvensis ;—*MovusE-EAR CHICK WEED, Alsine hirsuta otis, Cerastum vulgatum ; —*BROAD-LEAVED MOUSE-EAR CHICK-WEED, Alsine hirsuta altera viscosa, Cerastum viscosum ;— *GREAT MARSH CHICK-WEED, A. aquatica major, C. aquaticum ; —*Corn movse-rar, C. arvense;—C. repens. All cooling, moistening herbs, nourishing cattle, used as spinach. *Sanp wort, Arenaria media. Externally used in whitlows and other inflammations.— 4. peploides. Herb fermented and made into Iceland beer. *Sea spurry, Arenaria marina. Very succulent.—Pickled sea spurry. Sold for samphire. *GReEAT sTITCH-woRT, Stellaria holostea ;—S. alsine. Cooling, moistening, used as spinach. GYPSOPHILA SAXIFRAGA; — G._ struthium;—G. muralis. Lithontriptic; and used for soap-wort in lues. Cow sastt, Vaccaria, Saponaria vaccaria. _ Seed heating, diuretic. *Soap-wort, Saponaria, S. officinalis. Attenuating, opening, antivenereal. *CLovE PINK, Clove glflower, Caryophyllus ruber, Veronica, Dianthus caryophyllus. Flowers, tunice, cephalic, cordial, anti- ic, nervine, in doses of 9j to 3}; useful in heartburn and a fevers: the odour is improved by drying.—(E&ILLET pes Cuartrevx, Dianthus Carthusianus ;—*DrErtrorD PINK, Caryophyllus pratensis, Dianthus armeria ;—Swrrt WILLiam, D. barbatus ; —Frincev vinx, D. superbus ;—*StonE PINK, Maiden pink, D. arenarius, and the other species of dianthus, have similar qualities but weaker. Great saxirrace, Saxifraga antiquorum, Silene saxifraga. Herb used in calculous disorders.—* Lobel’s catch-fly, Behen album, Silene armeria ;— Red catch-fly, Silene muscipula ; — 8S. behen. Roots cordial.—S. Virginica. Root in decoction vermifuge. *SraTLtinc poppy, White bottle, White behen, Behen allum, Catchy behen ;—* Campion, Bachelor's button, Lychnis dioica ;— . ifly, L. visearia ;—* Cuchoo er, Meadow-pink, L. flos _euculi. nots cordial. en . rr 118 I. VEGETABLES.—DiosmEx. *CockLE, Agrostemma githago ;—Rose campion, A. coronaria; — —A. flos Jovis ;—A. celi-rosa. Roots vulnerary, astringent; — seeds purgative. 165. CUSPARIEA. Cusvaria febrifuga, Bonplandia trifoliata. Bark, angostura bark, cusparie cortex, in pieces of different jengtbe, aromatic, intensely bitter, tonic, stimulant, very useful in dyspepsia, diar- rhoea, and dysentery; dose gr. vy toxx. Imported from Cadiz © and the West Indies, in casks. ? CAROLINA SHRUB TREFOIL, Ptelea trifoliata. Fruit bitter, aromatic, used as a substitute for hops. 166. ZANTHOPHY LLE. th JAPAN PEPPER, Piper Japonicum, Fagara piperita. Bark, leaves, and fruit aromatic, used as spice. he Cacatin, Fagara Guianensis. Used as spice.—Z. octandra. ' Yields tacamahaca in the shell. |. Tooru-acH TREE, Zanthoxylum clava Herculis. Leaves — sudorific, diuretic, sialogogue, even taken internally, used in — rheumatism and palsy ; ay ey juice of the roots, coch. ij, — antispasmodic; roots, in infusion, used as a collyrium, powder ~ of the bark of the roots useful in dressing putrid sores. Pricxty Asn, Prickly yellow wood, Zanthoxrylum Caribbeum, é z axineum. Bark, zanthorylon, P. U.S. febrifuge, dyes — ye Ow. of RavENtTsara, Lvodia aromatica, Agathapiyieen. aromaticum, — E. ravensara, Ravensara aromatica. ark aromatic, red; nut resembles both cloves and pimento; kernel extremely hot, biting, — with a strong spicy smell; leaves an excellent tonic cordial spice, — form an agreeable cordial, yield an oil. BasTarp pITTANY, Frazinella, Dictamnus albus. Root rather — bitter, cordial, cephalic, alexiterial, uterine, anti-epileptic, vermi- _ fuge, in powder 9}, twice a day. 167. DIOSME/E.. Bucxuo, Diosma Crenata. Powder of the leaves strong smell- _ ing, tonic, astringent, and diuretic. In gleet, and other diseases — of the urinary passages. Also in dyspepsia and chronic diarrhoea. — Officinal preparations.—Tinct. et infus. buchu, D. : 168. RUTACE/E. 7 *Rue, Ruta hortensis, R. graveolens.. Leaves, Pute folia, " I. VEGETABLES.—Ocunacez. 119 powerfully resolvent, emmenagogue, carminative, diuretic ; also alexiterial, neryine, cephalic, antispasmodic, and anaphrodisiac ; dose gr. xv to 9ij ; externally rubefacient. NaRROw-LEAVED RUE. Ruta angustifolia. Vermifuge. Wivp rvx, Harmel, Ruta sylvestris, Peganum harmala. Seeds inebriating, soporific, causing a happy forgetfulness and pleasant delirium. 169. ZYGOPHYLLE. Cartrors, Tribulus terrestris, Herb detersive, astringent, yermifuge ; seeds cordial. BEAN carer, 2ygophyllum fubago. Vermifuge. Licnum vit# TREE, Guaiacum, G. officinale ;—Lignum sanc- tum, G. sanctum. Wood, guaiaci lignum, resinous, hot, aromatic, _diaphoretic, diuretic, when used in dropsy, gout, and especially in the venereal disease in warm climates; yields gum gualacum ; leaves detergent, used in scouring floors, and washing printed linens. Officinal preparations of the wood.— Aqua calcis comp., D. Decoctum guaiaci comp., D. £. PoRLIERA HYGROMETRA. Wood sudorific, antirheumatic. | 170. SIMAROUBER. Bark and wood intensely bitter, and devoid of astringency. Stave woov, Mountain damson, Simarouba, Quassia simarouba. simaroube cortex, inodorous, bitter, astringent, useful in dysentery, intermittent fever, dyspepsia, the whites ; dose 9} to 38s. From the West Indies. Officinal preparation. —Infus. simaroube, D. L. Quassta, Coissi, Quassia amara. Wood of the root, quassie lignum, very bitter, febrifuge, stomachic, used in gout ; dose gr. x to 3), three or four times a day, or in infusion: used by brewers instead of hops; and pastry-cooks, &c. put a few chips into a plate of water, as a poison for flies: bark of the root esteemed in Surinam the most powerful, but not to be had in Europe. Qvassia excetsa. The same qualities, but weaker. Officinal preparation.—Infus. quassie, D. L. ‘Tinct. quassie, D. LE. Birrer woop, Quassia polygama. Wood makes a good bitter n, zij—iv to llb. cold water; or the powder, gr. xv, may be taken. 171. OCHNACEZE. Watrena serrata, Meesia serrata, Root and leaves bitter, ‘tonic, stomachic, and anti-emetic. 120 sien I. VEGETABLES,.—Matvace. 17. ELAOCARPE, GanistruM, Dicera serrata, Eleocarpus serratus ;—Ganistrum oblongum, Eleocarpus integrifolius. Fruit eaten, either raw, or preserved in sugar or salt and vinegar, strengthening. } Pzwnor, Vateria Indica, Eleocarpus copalliferus. Yields Moschat rosin, psenoe tallow, and pzenoe varnish. 174. TILIACEAE. Lime, Linden, Bast, Tilia Europea. . Flowers anti-spasmodic, cephalic ; bark and leaves drying, apy 8 diuretic, emmena- ~ gogue ; berries astringent; slime of the bark used in burns and wounds. Jews’ MALLOw, Bhungee paut, Corchorus olitorius ; — Ghee naltha paut, C. capsularis. eaves emollient, eaten as spinach in hot countries, ANNOTTO PLANT, Bizxa Orellana. Yields annotto. GREWIA ORIENTALIS. Fruits and leaves boiled in water to ~ make a kind of drink. SCHAGERI coTTaNn, Grewia microcos, Microcos paniculata. Juice with sugar used as an astringent gargle, also internally in dysentery. BranDEwyn BoscH, Grewia flava, G. orientalis. Berries — make a spirituous liquor. Covrov MoELLI, Flacourtia sepiaria. \ Fruit delicious, eatable; a decoction of the bark in oil used against gout ; a decoction of the leaves and root in cows’ milk used as an antidote against the bite of serpents.— Flacourtia ramontchi ;—F. sapida ;—Spina spin- * arum, Jamgornas, Stigmarota jamgornas. Fruits eaten. VALLEA corpiFouIA. Leaves dye cloth yellow. ABATIA RUGOSA, A. parviflora. Leaves dye black. 175. STERCULIACE. _ Kota, Sterculia acuminata. Fruit, hola nuts, much esteemed in Africa, as brackish water tastes well after eating them.—S. urens. Yields gum kuteera. Cavatam, Clompanos minor, Sterculia balanghas. Pulp of the — fruit esculent, kernels toasted and eaten. Kani, Clompanos major, Sterculia digitifolia, S. foetida. Root, b leaves, and fruit, in decoction, useful in pains of the joints—S. — platanifolia. Seeds pressed for their oil. 176. MALVACE. x; a *CoMMON MALLOW, Malva communis, M. sylvestris ;—* Dwarf i, = aw St “t I. VEGETABLES.—Matvacex. 121 mallow, Malva rotundifolia ;—Curl-leaved mallow, Malva crispa ; —*Vervain mallow, Alcea, Malva alcea.—* Musk mallow, Malva moschata. All these herbs are eminently emollient and moisten- ing, proper to cool and open the belly ; flowers pectoral. *Marsu Mattows, Althea, Bismalva, Ibiscus, Althea officinalis. Roots, althee radix, and leaves, althee folia, very emollient, par- ticularly useful in diseases of the bladder; flowers pectoral. Officinal preparation.—Decoct. althee, D.E. Syrup. althxe, L. Attuza Hirsuta ;—Holly hock, Malva arborea, Alcea rosea ; —*Tree mallow, M. arborea, Lavatera arborea ;—L. triloba ;— L.. Thuringiaca ;—Sida rhomboidea ;—IJndian mallow, Sida abutilon. Leaves emollient, cleansing to ulcers; seeds opening, diuretic.— Sida cordifolia, Mixed with rice, used in dysentery. Musk mMattow. Musk ochra, Bamia moschata. Hibiscus abel- moschus. Seeds, musk seeds, grains dambrette, smell like musk, are cordial, cephalic, stomachic, and emetic; used in coffee; and mixed with hair powder. Oxra, Hibiscus esculentus. Unripe pod used as a pot-herb, contains a kind of gelatine; decoction of the leaves and pods demulcent, pectoral. GuINEA sorREL, Red sorrel, Hibiscus sabdariffa. Herb acid, refreshing, diuretic.—H. rosa Sinensis. Flowers astringent.—H. Suratensis ;—H. cannabinus. Acidulous. Corton, Bombax, Gossypium herbaceum. Seeds pectoral, anti- asthmatic ; down of oe seeds used as a caustic, instead of moxa; oung buds very mucilaginous, pectoral.— Gossypium Barbadense. Laie veces for oil.— Bombax pentandrum. Yields cotton-tree gum. Cacao, Theobroma cacao. Seeds, chocolate nut, island cacao, cacao des Antilles, cacao des isles, cacao Antillanum, flattened, covered with a red paper-like envelope, kernel brown, fat, taste agreeable, slightly acrid; yields oil; chocolate and cacao are made from it.—Caracca cacao, Cacao Caraque, Cacao Caraccense. Seed larger, round, covering reddish brown, kernel pale brown, friable, dry and strong tasted, is often mouldy, as having been buried for thirty or forty days, to get rid of some of their acrid- ness. Wirp cacao, Serjeant, Pachera aquatica, Carolinea princeps: Seeds esculent, similar to almonds. Baonas Adansona digitata. Ewmollient; fruit acidulous, used in pulmonary affections, and for tamarinds. Burrneria corpata. Leaves applied to the bites of spiders. Mucuucunpa, Pentapetes...... Flowers, expressed, yield a mucilaginous and refrigerant juice, used in gonorrhoea, 122 I. VEGETABLES.—ANnnonacEz. 178. MENISPERMEZ. Canatua, Menispermum edule. Berry esculent, but acrid, producing an intoxicating liquor by fermentation. Coccutus Inpicus, Menispermum cocculus. Capsules acrid, used to intoxicate fish, and to destroy vermin; also by brewers, to give a false strength to beer. Katums, Menispermum hirsutum, M. columba. Root, colombo root, calumbe radix, bitter, aromatic, stomachic, anti-emetic, astringent; dose 3ss frequently in a day: in transverse slices, one or two inches diameter, and not half an inch thick, covered with a bark : imported from Mozambique in bags or cases. Officinal preparations.— Tinct. et infus, calumbee, D, L. £. Rep cotumso, Menispermum palmatum. Root stomachic, bitter.—M. cordifolium. Tonic and febrifuge—M. lacunosum. Fruit used to intoxicate fish and birds. WHITE PARIERA BRAVA, Velvet leaf, Cissampelos pariera. Trunk or root, in powder, 9j to 9ij; or in infusion, 3iij to Ib, j water, for three doses ; diuretic, very useful in obstructions, dropsy, or gravelly complaints. . Liane a GLACER WEA, Timac? Cissampelos caapeba. A very powerful diuretic, in use among the negroes in Martinique against bites of serpents. Brown PARIERA BRAVA, Menispermum abuta, Abuta rufescens. The same qualities as the white pariera brava.—BirTER PARIERA, Abuta amara. Root bitter.—JLiane amere, A. candicans. Root bitter. _ LarpizABALA BITERNATA. Berry esculent. Funis FELLEUSs. Menispermum crispum, M. tuberculatum. Bark esteemed equal to that of the Loxa or Peruvian bark tree. EPIBATERIUM TOMENTOSUM. Bark extremely bitter. 179. ANNONACEA. Uvania TRIPETALOIDEA. Yields a gum by incision. Uvaria aromatica, Unona Aithiopica. Capsules, Monkey pepper, Grains de zelim, Ethiopian pepper, Piper Aithiopicum, very aromatic, heating, used to flavour liqueurs. Unona FEBRIFUGA. Bark chininincha bark, febrifuge, supe- — rior to Peruvian bark.—Unona discreta. Fruit aromatic. CaNnacGNA vincGaTa, and some other species. Fruitsaromatic, — very heating. ASIMINA TRILOBA. Fruit fleshy, juice very acid, I. VEGETABLES.—Macnouiacex. 123 Sour sop, Annona muricata. Root, in decoction, used against fish poison ; fruit eatable ; inner bark made into bast. - Nerrie custarp appie, Annona reticulata ;—Sweet sop, A. squamosa ;—Water apple, Alligator apple, A. palustris. uits esculent ; imported from ‘the West Indies, preserved in syrup. Birrer woop, Hylopia glabra, Xylopicrum, Picrorylon ... . Fruit eatable. Porcetra NiTiptrotia. Fruit grateful, leaves yield a yellow colour. MoLtINEDIA REPANDA. Fruit yields a purple colour.—M. ovata. Fruit yields a violet colour. 180. MAGNOLIACE. Bark of these trees is bitter, astringent, or aromatic. WInTERANA AROMATICA, Drymis Winteri, Bark, Winter's cinnamon, Winter's bark, cortex Winteranus, thick, channelled on the outside, grey, much cracked; on the inside solid, iron grey; sharp-tasted, aromatic, very fragrant ; used in scurvy, vomiting, and palsy ; rare at present, being not in such esteem as eanella alba; dose, in powder, gr. x to 3}; from America.— Caxx.o, Drymis liefolia ;—Drymis granateysis, and two other species, not well known. Bark slightly bitter, very acrid, ating, and aromatic. Drymis? Bark, melambo bark, febrifuge ; contains the bitter principle without any tannin or gallic acid. hy STaR ANISE, Anisum stellatum, Iilicium anisatum. Seeds fine scented, stomachic, make excellent liqueurs; also burnt as incense ; an essential oil; capsules, East Indian. Vircrnta TULIP-T REE, Liriodendron tulipifera. Root and bark smell like essence of bergamot, and are used to flavour liqueurs, bark of the root, liriodendron, P. U. S., used in fevers, contains only the bitter principle without tannin or gallic acid. Exeruant woop, Magnolia Plumieri, Annona dodecapetala, Plumieri. Flowers distilled with spirit into a spirituous liqueur.— Magnolia glauca ;—M. andiflora ;—M. auriculata ;— . acuminata ;—M. tripetala. Bark febrifuge; used for the Peruvian ; flowers strongly scented, causing nausea, headach, and even fever. TstN-y, Yu-lan, Magnolia precia, M. Yu-lan, Seeds bitter, uge; flowers used in perfumery. Cuampac, Michelia Champsaca, M. suaveolens. Flowers used in perfumery. 124 I. VEGETABLES.—RanvuncuLacE&. 181. DILLENIACEZ. DILLENIA speciosa ,—D. elliptica. Fruits used to acidulate cooling drinks. 182. RANUNCULACE. Plants acrid; many are poisonous. Crematis Mauritiana. | Used as a vesicatory. WILD TRAVELLER’s-Joy, Clematis vitalba. Bark and herb caustic, raising blisters, ophthalmic ; young shoots eaten as a pot- herb.—C. flammula ;—C. erecta. Caustic, burning; used for issues and venereal ulcers; seeds drastic; leaves used outwardly in leprosy, internally, 3ij or iij in lbj boiling water, the infusion to be drunk in a day and night, in inveterate syphilis. Vircin’s BowER, Clematis, C. viticella ; — Atragene _ Alpina. Leaves used as a poultice in leprosy ; seeds purgative. *LEssER MEADOW-RUE, Thalictrum minus ;—T. aquilegifolium ; —T. oe han omen Roots and herbs bitter, purgative, diuretic, useful in old ulcers and the jaundice. *SPANISH MEADOW-RUE, Pseudo-rhabarbarum, Thalictrum — flavum ;—* Meadow-rue, English rhubarb, T. majus. Roots sub-— stituted for thubarb, requires a double dose. } YELLOW ANEMONE, Anemone vernalis ;—A. pratensis ;—* Wood- anemone, Wood-crowfoot, A. nemorosa ; — White wood-anemone, A. sylvestris. Plants acrid, caustic, exulcerating, used in gout and rheumatism ; being chewed, they act as sialogogues ; flowers poisonous. *PasQuE FLOWER, Pulsatilla, Anemone pulsatilla. Root acrid, sternutatory ; leaves detersive. GARDEN ANEMONE, Anemone coronaria. [.ess caustic. Herartica, Hepatica nobilis, Trifolium aureum, Anemone hepatica. Aperitive, vulnerary, useful in diabetes and dysentery; leaves detergent in diseases of the skin, or in gargles. *LESSER CELANDINE, Pilewort, Chelidonium minus, Ranun- — culus ficaria. Juice of the root acrid, styptic, useful in piles, being weakened with wine or beer: leaves caustic, but mild, and — eaten in Sweden, according to Linnezeus. | *LESSER SPEAR-worT, Ranunculus flammeus minor, R. flam- — mula ;—*Great spear-wort, R. flammeus major, R. lingua ;— Alpine crow-foot, Thora, Ranunculus thora. Very acrid, cauterises — the skin ; poisonous to man and horse. *UPRIGHT MEADOW CROW-FOOT, Buttercups, Ranunculus acris. — I. VEGETABLES.—Ranuncuaces. 125 Equally caustic ; root used, when dry, as a febrifuge in inter- mittents. *Rounp-roor crow-roor, Ranunculus, P. U. S., R. bulbosus. Very acrid, kills rats, but not sheep; root used as a vesicatory ; yields a nutritive fecula. *Marsu crow-root, Ranunculus palustris, R. scleratus ; — *Water crow-foot, R. aquatilis ;—*Corn crow-foot, R. arvensis. Very acrid and poisonous, but eaten by animals in some countries. *Woop crow-root, Ranunculus, auricomus.’ Less acrid, used while young as a potherb. By drying, most of the ranunculi lose their acridness. *Crow-root, Ranunculus, R. repens. Herb used as a potherb while young.— White-flowered crow-foot, Ranunculus montanus, R. aconitifolius. Herb used to cure intermittents, by being applied to the wrists. *Manxsu maricoup, Caltha palustris. Uerb acrid, caustic, useful externally in diseases of the reins or loins. *Prony Paonia officinalis. Root and seeds anti-epileptic, emmenagogue. *Mouse trait, Myosurus minimus ;—Bird’s eye, Adonis ver- nalis ;—* Pheasant’s eye, Red morocco, A. autumnalis. Astringent ; roots bitter. *Hers Curistoruenr, Bane berries, Christophoriana, Actea SIE Vulnerary, astringent ; juice of the berries affords a deep lack dye.—A. racemosa. oot, infused in spirit, used in rheu- matic pains; used also in astringent gargles. Zanruoreniza apirorta. Root, yellow root, zanthorrhiza, P. U. S., extremely bitter ; bitterness very permanent; makes a yellow lake. Hyprastis Canapensis. Root, Canada yellow root, bitter, used for calumbo; gives out a most beautiful yellow colour. Brack HnELLEBORE, Christmas rose, Elleborus niger, Melam- podium, Helleborus niger. Root, hellebori nigri radix, nauseous, violently purgative both to man and horse, anthelmintic, diuretic and emmenagogue, also used as an exutory in cattle to keep open issues; dose in powder, gr. x to 9}. Officinal preparations.— Tinct. helleb. nig., L. Z. D. Extr. helleb. nig., /. D. Goup tHreEAv, Coptis trifoliata, Helleborus trifolius. Root a pure bitter, used in thrush; leaves dye yellow. *WiLp BLack nELLEBORE, Bear’s-foot ;— Helleborus viridis, H1. hyemalis. Qualities the same as black hellebore. Fast Iwpran prack HELLEBORE, Felleborus orientalis ? Roots very different in appearance from the European; qualities the same. 126 I. VEGETABLES.—Unxnown Barks. *GREAT BASTARD BEAR’s-FooT, Setter wort, Helleboraster ' maximus, Helleborus foetidus. Leaves, hellebori fetidi folia, ver- mifuge, in powder, gr. x to 3ss or a decoction of 3); the juice (a little vinegar being added to moisten the bruised leaves) made into a syrup, is also used with advantage, a tea spoonful at night, and one or two in the morning. *Giope crow-Foot, Locker gowlons, Ranunculus globosus, Trollius Europeus ;—-T. Asiaticus. Equally acrid, and must be used with caution. FENNEL FLOWER, Devil in a bush, Nigella, Gith, Nigella sativa ;—N. Indica ;—N. arvensis. Seeds acrid, oily, attenuant, opening, used as a spice. *CoLuMBINE, Aquilegia sylvestris, A. vulgaris. Herb, flower, and seeds opening, acrid, diuretic, and used in detersive gargles, Cimiciruca FeTipA. Root antispasmodic. BLAck SNAKE RooT, Cimicifuga serpentaria. Root, cimicifuga, P. U. S., used for rattle-snake root. Larx’s spur, Delphinium, Consolida regalis, Delphinium con- solida, Root, delphinium. P, U. 8., vulnerary, consolidating wounds, ophthalmic. Upricut LArK’s-spur, Delphinium Ajacis ;—Siberian bee lark’s- spur, D. elatum. 'The same qualities as lark’s-spur. STAVESACRE, Staphisagria, Delphinium staphisagria. Seeds, staphisagrie semina, acrid, nauseous, imported from ‘Turkey ; kill lice and rats, purging violently in doses of gr. iij to gr. x; used as a masticatory in toothach, and also in apophlegmatizant gargles. WoLrFsBANE, Aconitum lycoctonum. Root poisonous, occa- sloning vertigo, stupor, and spasm ; used to kill wolves. PuRPLE MONK’s-HOOD, Aconitum, A. Neomontanum. Leaves, aconiti folia, narcotic, powerfully diaphoretic and diuretic, in doses of gr. j, gradually increased. EARLY BLUE WOLFSBANE, Aconitum napellus ;—Greater monks- hood, A. cammarum ;—A. Tauricum. Are used indiscriminately for one another, and the leaves sold for those of aconitum. WHOLESOME WOLFSBANE, Yellow helmet flower, Anthora, Antithora, Aconitum anthora. Roots cordial, KNowLtonia vesicaRIa. Used as a vesicatory. PARTS OF PLANTS NOT KNOWN. There are several roots, barks, and other parts of vegetables common in the shops of the native druggists in the Englisa dominions in the East Indies, whose origin is unknown; some of I. VEGETABLES.—Unxknown Roors. 127 which are occasionally brought to Europe. They are enumerated by Dr. W. Ainslie in his v xt valuable Materia Indica, that they may be further investigat for, as he justly observes, it is better that many things should be brought forward, although some may ultimately prove of little “st than that any one should be omitted which might become a valuable acquisition to medicine. Some of these which have been brought to Europe are here enumerated, and to these are added some African and American drugs and ‘woods of unknown origin. BARKS. Jupasa. Taste and smell of vanilla, antispasmodic. Massoy bark. Tonic. Autour bark. 1s it not the macer scare of the old physi- cians? Resembles coarse cassia, used in making fine carmine ; from Turkey. Angeline cortex. Vermifuge, used in Granada. Kilioorum puttay. Stomachic ; resembles Canella alba in ap- pearance and properties. Vaymbadum putiay. Used as a red dye. Pocgereba cortex. Used in dysentery ; ; brought from America. Unguentarius corter. Slimy, used in ulcerous cases ; brought ee South America, perhaps from Ulmus Americana. Texture excellently adapted for flower —: ; ee: dodtehel whether from an Artocarpus or a Nelum- HERBS AND LEAVES. Letchicuttay elley, folia de bunkood. Used in rheumatism, much ainaen by the Portuguese. Agal agal. A mucilaginous alga, used to stiffen Chinese silks paper. ROOTS. Lopezha jaar, radix Indica Lopezina, used in colliquative diarrhoea, and the last stage of consumption. Pooda carapan puttay, Pau de merda, Pau sujo. Smells like human excrements ; used in a liniment against inveterate itch, Put chuck. Burned in China as a perfume. Peepul mul, Pimple mool, Pipla more. Aromatic. Behen album. Ascribed to Cucubalus behen; but this is _ doubted. Behen rubrum. Ascribed to Statice limonum ; but this is still more doubtful, 128 I. VEGETABLES.—Unxnown Woops. . Gentiana Indica. Bitter, aromatic ; brought by the Portuguese ’ from India. Sancte Helene radix. Aromatic, odour between galangale and cardamoms: brought from America. Ikan. Similar to salep; brought from China. Matalista. Purgative, 31) ; from America. Pefaulina radix. Similar to scorzonera, rather sweetish; brought from China. SEEDS. Chouan. Resembles semen santonicum, used in making fine carmine. Kanari nuts.. Kernels taste like filberts, beat up with sago are made into cakes, and eaten as bread ; yield a fine oil. WOODS. Bar wood. Red, used in dyeing ; from Gaboon. Bots de calambac de Mexique. Greenish brown, in large logs, sweet-scented, bitter, used by the French cabinet-makers ; said to be brought also from 'Timor and Solor. Pao aquila. Black, compact, heavy, resembles black ebony, sweet-scented, bitter. Lignum rodium, Bois de rose du Levant, Bois de Chypre. nomen from ‘Turkey, shavings sweet-scented, distilled for Its oll. Bois tapire. Veined red and yellow, sweet-scented ; supposed to be a variety of Siderorylum ierme ; brought from Cayenne, in large logs. Violet wood, Palisanten hout, Bois violet, Bois de palexandre. — Dark violet, close-grained, takes a fine polish, used by the cabinet- _ makers and violin-makers, for bows for stringed instruments; — brought from the Dutch colonies in South America in large logs; perhaps Acacia hematoxylon. Bois de la Chine. Reddish, liable to split, does not keep its s polish; obtained by the French cabinet-makers from Holland. Japans hout. Sold by the ewt.—Nagel hout. Sold by the — single lb —Sacradaans hout. Sold by the cwt.—St. Marten’s — hout ;—Salmoni hout. From Amboyna.— Rood eben hout. From — Mauritius.—Cocus wood ;—King wood ;—Snake wood ;—Tulip wood ;— Brazil beef wood ;—Botany-bay wood. Probably Evania t resiniferd. Last India satin wood ;—Carabouca wood. From a species of palm, finely veined and spotted. ‘ - I, VEGETABLES.—Mepicinat species. 129 ; SPECIES. DENOMINATIONS COMPRISING SEVERAL VEGETABLES. Four GREATER CARMINATIVE HOT SEEDS, Quatuor semina _ ealida majora carminativa. Anise, Carui, Cummin, and Fennel. Four LESSER HOT SEEDs, Quatuor semina calida minora. : Bishop’s weed, Stone parsley, Smallage, and Wild carrot. _ Four corp serps, Quatuor semina frigida. . Cucumber, _ Gourd, Melon, and Watermelon. on Foor Lesser coup sEEDs, Quatuor semina frigida minora. Endive, Lettuce, Purslain and Succory. Five OPENING ROOTS, Quinque radices aperientes. Asparagus, _ Butcher’s broom, Fennel, Parsley, and Smallage. _ FIVE LESSER OPENING ROOTS, Quinque radices aperientes minores. _ Caper, Dandelion, Eryngo, Madder, and Restharrow. FivE EMOLLIENT HERBS, Quinque herbe emollientes. Beet, _ Mallow, Marsh mallow, French Mercury, and Violet. _ Five CAPILLARY HERBS, Quinque herbe capillares. Tart’s _ tongue, Black, White, and Golden maidenhair, and Spleen wort. Four suporiric woops, Quatuor ligna sudorifica. Guaiacum, _ Perfumed cherry, Sarsaparilla, and Sassafras. _ Four corptaL Flowers, Quatuor flores cordiales. Borage, - Bugloss, Roses, and Violets. - Four CARMINATIVE FLOWERS, Quatuor flores carminativi. ' Camomile, Dill, Feverfew, and Melilot. | __ Fovr RESOLVENT MEALS, Quatuor farine resolventes. Barley, _ Bean, Linseed, and Rye. | ‘Tse Five myrogatans, Myrobalani quingue. Belleric, ' Chebulic, Emblic the most purgative, Indian, and Yellow the most astringent. Giyster nerss, Herbe pro enemate. Mallow leaves two parts, and camomile flowers one part: an ounce and a half to a | pint of water. _ Fomenrtarion uenss, Herbe pro fotu. Leaves of southern- wood, tops of sea wormwood, and camomile flowers, each two ‘parts, bay leaves one part: three ounces and a half to six pints of ibe Cake sArrron, Crocus in placenta. Way saffron one part, _ petals of marigolds or safflower nine parts, made into thin cakes with a little oil. _ Species FOR BITTERS. Rad. gentiane 3ss; cort. cinch. 3} ; - cort, aurant. 3ij; canelle albe 3) ; for two bottles of white wine. a K ri 130 I. VEGETABLES.—MEpICINAL SPECIES. 2. Rad. gent. zij; cort. aurant. 3] ; cardam. minor. 3ss; fora — ’ quart of brandy. 8. Rad. gent, -cort. aurant. sicc. ana 3ij; cort. limon. recent. 28s; for a pint and a half of boiling water. SPECIES FOR DIET DRINK, Species pro decoctu lignorum. Lign. guaiaci 3jss ; rad. chine, -rad. sarsa. ana 3 ; lign. sassafr. 3iij ; rad. glycyrrh. sicc. 3iv; for three quarts of water. 2. Lign. guaiaci, -rad. sarsa. -rad. chine, ana 3j ;_sennze electe ss; rad. rhei 3ij; for four quarts of water; to which add, be- fore it is boiled, subcarb. potassee 3j ; antimonii crudi Ziiij: used in gonorrheea and syphilis for common drink. BriTisH HERB TOBACCO, Species sternutatorie. ‘Thyme, two 0z.; coltsfoot, three oz. ; betony and eyebright, of each four oz. ; marjoram and hyssop, ana, two oz.; rosemary and lavender, ana, eight oz., mixed. Imitation TEA. ‘The leaves which have been found in the possession of the manufacturers, are those of the sloe tree, ash — tree, elder bush, and white thorn. ‘They are described as having been boiled, in some cases, with isawedil or scalded, then rolled — up and dried, the green bloom being given to them by Dutch _ pink, or verditer. The use of sheeps’ dung, verdigris, or cop- _ peras, seems a mere slander, ; Russian TEA. Composed of the leaves of Saxifraga crassifo- lia, Pyrola rotundifolia or winter green, Clematis alba, Pyrola — uniflora, Prunus padus or bird cherry, Spire coronata, Ulmus spats or common elm, Polypodium fragrans, and Rosa canina, or dog-rose. oe BowLrs’s HERB TEA. Wood betony, wood sage, and dif pine, equal parts of each. Very useful in gout, headach, and ~ nervous disorders. i Moncut TEA, Tea in tiles, Riegel thee. Made by the Mon- gul Tartars and Baritoes, from leaves which resemble those of — Cerasus avium, made into flat cakes with the blood of animals; — the leaves of Ulmus pumila and Prunus padus are also used. SEMILLA DEL cuacHaro. Various sorts of hard and dry fruits, found in the stomachs of the young guacharoes. 176 Ill. COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— 2. Flour and treacle, each 1 lb., butter 1 0z., subcarbonate of magnesia | oz., or 14 oz., with the usual spices: is fit for baking in a few hours’ time. . 3. Flour 2 lb., subc. of magnesia 4 an oz., treacle 14 |b., butter 2 oz., spices to the palate, tartaric acid + oz., water a sufficient quantity. This is ripe for the oven in half an hour. 4, Flour 43 Ib., subc. of magnesia 14 0z., the usual spices, treacle 23 lb., butter 4: oz., water, in which 6 oz. of cream of tartar has been dissolved, a sufficient quantity. This may be baked in less than an hour: the bread has a slightly acid taste. 5. Volatile salt, being used for potash, or a small quantity added to the gingerbread, not yet ripe, enables the bread to be baked immediately : the upper surface of this bread is very dark and glossy. AMMONIACAL BREAD. Wheat flour 1 peck, or 14 lb., sub- carbonate of ammonia 2 oz., more or less, water sufficient to make the dough, which may be baked immediately: used when good yeast cannot be procured, or there is a sudden demand, ‘This bread has small cells nearly all of a size, and a slight yellowish tinge. FERMENTS. Yeast, Barm, Fermentum cerevisie, Flores cerevisiae. 'The frothy head that forms on the surface of fermenting liquors ; used to promote the fermentation of other liquors and of dough: when it turns sour in summer time, a little subearbonate of magnesia will remove the acidity ; used also as a poultice to foul ulcers. ARTIFICIAL YEAST. Boil malt, a quarter of a peck, in 3 pints of water; pour off 2 pints, and put it in a warm place for 30 hours; add 4 pints of a similar decoction, stir it well in, again ferment, and repeat this addition of 4 pints until a sufficient quan- tity of yeast is obtained: 10 pints will yield yeast sufficient for a brewing of 40 gallons; it is id henge to brewers’ yeast, particu- larly when used for raising dough. Dry yeast. Obtained by spreading moist yeast upon canvas cloths spread upon a table or frame. _ Levurr. The yeast and lees of beer put into canvas bags to drain, and some water added to assist in carrying off the bitter flavour of the hops. Exported from Flanders to Paris for the use of the bakers. ROASTED VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. RoastED coFFEE. ‘The seeds of the coffee shrub roasted by a gentle fire; used to make an infusion, which, being poured off § or strained, and sugar added to it, is a grateful drink, with or without milk. ANIMAL SECRETIONS AND EXcRETIONS. 177 Corsica corrEE. From the seeds of knee-holly, Ruscus aculeatus.— Rosetta coffee. From the seeds of fenugreek, adding a little Jemon juice.—Lgyptian coffee. From chick peas.— Holly coffee. From the berries.— Broom coffee. From the seeds.— Gooseberry coffee. From the seeds washed out of the cake left in making goose ry wine.—Currant coffee. From the seeds washed 4 | out of the cake left in making currant wine. Rice correr. From the husked seeds: this is esteemed as the best substitute in India, where it is sometimes found that these substitutes agree better than the Turkey coffee. Rye correr, Dillenius’s coffee, Hunt’s economical breakfast powder. Rye roasted along with a little butter, and used as . coffee. It is a good substitute, and can scarcely be distinguished from it.—Succory coffee, German coffee. Succory root roasted with a little butter or oil; but this wants the agreeable aroma of the Turkey. Inis correr, Sylvester's coffee. 'The seeds of the yellow water flag, Gladiolus luteus, or Iris pseudacorus, which is frequently found by the sides of pieces of water: this is the best of the European substitutes. Patent cacao. Cacao or chocolate nuts bruised and roasted ; is much richer than coffee, affording considerable nourishment. Cacao. The roasted husks of the cacao bean, or chocolate nut, used to make a poor kind of coffee drink. Patent mMALtr. Malt kept heated to 480 deg. Fahr. until it acquires a dark chocolate colour: used to colour beer; !1b. with 79 of pale malt gives the colour and flavour of porter. Roastep quassiA. Sold ground to embitter beer, and give it colour, but the beer soon grows turbid. : Brown Hair powper. Flour roasted in an iron pan over the fire till it is brown. OF ANIMAL ORIGIN. ANIMAL SECRETIONS AND EXCRETIONS,. Warre or ecc, Albumen ovi. Nutritive, coagulates like blood by heat, and therefore used to clarify turbid Yiquors, and _ also asa varnish, Ye vk or £66, Vitellus ovi. Nutritive, coagulable the same as the whites, and used along with them for that purpose, as also to render oily substances miscible with water. _ Povpre cLariviantre. The white and yelk of eggs beat “together and dried by a very gentle heat, used to clarify wines, } N Pa 178 Ill. COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— and exported to the French sugar islands, to clarify the cane juice. Driep wHITE oF EGG, Albumen. The white of egg alone dried, used to form a test liquor. CurtLEe FISH INK, Sepia, When fresh taken from the cuttle fish, is a black glairy liquid, of a viscid consistence, a peculiar fishy smell, and very jittle taste; 1s peiese for use by being spread round saucers, so as to dry before putrefaction commences, or by evaporation on plates by a very gentle heat, or by being inclosed in an exhausted receiver with oil of vitriol: used for writing ink, and for a paint, much superior in ease of working to Indian ink, which latter dries so quickly, that it is difficult to colour a large pale shadow with it, and when once dry, some part always adheres to the paper, and cannot be removed; whereas cuttlefish ink may be waahed almost clear off. Metaina. Mix cuttlefish ink with very dilute iitric acid, and keep it warm until it becomes yellowish, then wash the pow- der well at first with water slightly alkalised with subcarb. of inthe and afterwards with plain cold water. Melaina is taste« ess, black, powdery, insoluble in cold water, but soluble in hot water ; aed as a pigment, superior to Indian ink. Human urine, Urina hominis, P. Sicil. Aperient; used in jaundice, 3] to ij, omni mane. Driep Goats’ BLOOD, Sanguis hiret siceatus. Sudorific, anti- pleuritic.—Hogs’ blood. Eaten with oatmeal.—Sheep’s blood ;— Ox blood. Also eaten, and used instead of eggs to clarify liquids. —Dried blood. Neat cattle or sheep’s blood, dried by a gentle heat, regulated by water baths placed one within another, so as not to be coagulated: exported for clarifying sugar-cane juice. Urea. This substance in its purest form is exhibited in the form of elongated, brilliant pearly scales; it is colourless, trans- parent, of a cool and sharp taste, and has an odour similar to that of urine. According to M. Thenard, the following is the best mode of obtaining it: urine evaporated to the consistence of a syrup, is to be treated with its own volume of nitric acid at 24 deg.; the mixture is to be shaken and immersed in an ice-bath to solidify the crystals of supernitrate of urea; these are washed with water at 0, drained and pressed between sheets of blotting paper. When they are thus separated from foreign matters, they are to be dissolved in water, to which subcarbonate of potash is added, whereby the nitric acid is taken up, and the urea set at — liberty. ‘This new liquor is evaporated at a gentle heat, nearly to dryness; the residue is treated with pure alcohol, which only dissolves the urea, the solution is concentrated, and the urea — ie ewe es Anrmat SEcRETIONS AND ExcrRETIONs. 179 ises. This is said to act as a diuretic. It has been given internally in solution in sugared water, in the dose of a gros. Cow’s urtne, Urina vacce. Used as a deobstruent, aperient, and purge; half a pint drank warm from the cow.— Al/-flower- water. An infusion of recent cow’s dung in cold water, in the dose of half a pint, is also used as a deobstruent and tonic aperient. Ox cart, Fel tauri, Fel bovis. Cosmetic, detergent, used in earach, also as a collyrium, and gtt. xx to xxx in wine as an emmenagogue, and to facilitate labour; used with oil to take off oil paint, and to wash greasy cloth.—Prepared ox gall, Fel tauri- num inspissatum. ‘The fresh gall is left for a night to settle, the clear fluid poured off, and evaporated in a water-bath; used to destroy the greasiness of some water colours, and to wash over tracing paper, that it may be written upon with ink. Waite sear Gat, Fel ursi. Antiepileptic.—Hare’s gail, Fel leporis ;—Gall of the silurus. Used as a collyrium, in cataract. Gall of eels, Fel anguillarum. Used to facilitate labour. Asses’ MILK ;—Goats’ milk ;—Ewes’ milk ;—Mares’ milk ;— Woman's milk, Lac mulieris. Principally composed of sugar of milk dissolved in water; highly nutritive, latatite ; popular remedies in atrophy and consumption. Mare’s milk expels wornis, _ especially the teenia. | Cow’s mi_x, Lac vaccinum. Nutritive, the fattest of those usually employed; turns sour and curdles, but does not putrefy ; boiled with sugar will keep some time; a little calcined magnesia will also prevent its turning sour, even in hot summers. Shows 4+ to 5 deg. Baume, but, if mixed with water, not more than 4 deg. at most.—Skimmed milk, Sits easy on the stomach ; used as a varnish, and vehicle for painting in distemper: shows 5 deg. or more, Baume. Rewnet wueEy, Serum lactis. Milk 2 pints, rennet 3ss, in- fused in a little hot water, mixed and kept in a gentle heat for some hours, then strained. Borrer mitx, Lac ebutyratum. By straining churned cream, the butter being left on the strainer, and the butter milk passing ; allays the irritability sometimes produced by tea. Francieane. Skimmed milk, evaporated to dryness by a gentle heat ; used to form artificial milk. _ Svear or mick, Saccharum lactis. Obtained in a crystalline form from whey clarified with white of eggs and evaporated: it is “not so sweet as the vegetable sugars; used to make artificial whey, as arefreshing and laxative drink, to reduce cane sugar; not soluble in alcohol of 25 deg. mee . N 180 III. COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— Tyre. Made by adding a little butter milk to warm fresh milk, and letting it stand all night; much used in India, being eaten with rice; it is slightly acid and laxative; it is also churned for butter, either entire, but more commonly only the top or richest part. — ScotcH sour crEAM. Put skimmed milk over night in a wooden tub witha spigot at bottom, and put this tub into another filled with hot water; in the morning take out the small tub and draw off the thin part of the milk, wigg, until the thick sour cream begins to come. ‘This process requires practice as to the heat of the water; when it succeeds, skimmed milk yields nearly one half of this cream, which is eaten with sugar as a delicacy ; it is only distinguishable from cream by its taste, and sells for double the price of fresh milk.—Buffalo milk. Thinner than that of the cow. Honey, Mel Anglicum. Collected by bees, and deposited in the cells of their nests as food in store for winter; being chiefly collected from furze and broom, it is more waxy than the foreign honey from the south of Europe.—Narbonne honey, Mel Narbon- ~ ense. Chiefly from rosemary and other labiate hovtts, . 192 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— OIL oF HYssoP LEAVES, Oleum hyssopi. 2 ewt. yielded 6 oz., 30lb. yielded 3ix. . EssENCE DES VIOLETTES, Oleum iridis. From the root of Florentine orris; smells like violets. E’ssENCE OF JASMINE, Oleum jasmini. From the flowers of J. grandiflorum, not picked from their cups; yielded in very small quantity, highly fragrant: brought from the East Indies. OLEUM JuNIPERI, O. baccarum juniperi communis. From the berries ; diuretic: 1]b. yielded 3iij, and 48Ib. yielded 6 oz. EssENCE OF LAVENDER, English oil of lavender, O. lavandule, O. lavandule spice. From the flowers of narrow-leaved lavender, very fine scented, unites with strong acetic acid, sp. grav. 0°898; at 68 deg. Fahr. dissolves copal; 24 bundles produced 144: oz. FOREIGN OIL OF LAVENDER, O. lavandule {latifolie, O. lav. exoticum. From the flowers and seeds of broad-leaved lavender ; sweet scented: Italy and south of France. _ True oit oF spike, Huile @aspic, O. spice verum, O. lav. stechadis, O. lav. spice. From the flowers and seeds of French lavender, Lavandula steechas, with a quick fire; inferior in scent to those of lavander: from Languedoc and Provence. RECTIFIED OIL OF LAVENDER. Drawing off 3 oz. in 5; sp. grav. 0°877; at 68 Fahr. used for choice perfumery ; the residue contains camphire. | TrvueE Rica BatsAM, Baume de Carpathes, Balsamum Libani. From the shoots of Pinus cembra, previously bruised and mace- rated for a month in water; pellucid, very liquid, whitish, smell and taste of oil of juniper, vulnerary, diuretic. EssENCE oF LEMONS, Jissentia limonum, O. limonis, Citri medice oleum volatile. From the fresh peels of lemons; limpid, watery, fragrant; used in perfumery: from Italy. DistTiLLepD oIL oF MACE, Oleum macis stillatitium. From that spice ; liquid, pale citron, smelling of the mace. OiL oF sWEET MARJORAM, Oleum marjorana. 85\b. fresh yield 3 oz. 3vj. Or oF BALM, Oleum melisse. 96lb. yield 3}. OIL OF PEPPERMINT, Olewm menthe piperite, O. herbe menthe piperit. florescentis. From the dried plant; 4lb. of the fresh herb yielded 3iij; used to flavour spirit. RECTIFIED OIL OF PEPPERMINT. Used for peppermint lozenges and drops; very warm. Oi, or MINT, Oleum menthe viridis, O. menthe vulgaris, O. menthe sative. From the dried plant ; 33 doz. yielded 8 oz, and ; EssentTIAL O1Ls, 193 a half; 6lb. of fresh leaves yielded Jiijss; and 4lb. dried yielded 1 oz. and a half. This is stimulant and carminative, and has been recommended in flatulence and anorexia. The dose is from 2 to 4 minims on a lump of sugar. Officinal preparation.— Infus. menthz comp., D. : OIL oF MILFouL FLowERs, Oleum millefolit. 18 baskets yield 4 oz. 3iiij; 141b. dry yield 3iij. Oveum Monarps, P. U.S. From M. punctata. = VOLATILE OIL OF BLACK MUSTARD sEED. Mix 10 kilo- gramence of the best black mustard powder with from 50 to 55 ilogrammes of water, and place them in an alembic, which is connected with a double-balled receiver: then distil. The vola- tile oil condenses at the bottom of the receiver in the form of brownish flakes. When six litres of water have passed over, change the receiver, or after that no volatile oil is deposited. Pour off the superabundant distilled water, and rarefy the oil by a naked fire in a small alembic. Thus it is obtained almost colourless. When diluted with its own weight of alcohol, at 40°, it is an excellent rubefacient, and acts almost instantaneously. It may be substituted for the ammoniacal ointment. EssENCE OF MYRTLE, Olewm essentiale myrti. From the flowers and leaves; fragrant. EsseNcE oF Jonquit, Oleum narcissi. Used in perfumery. O1 or NutMEG, Oleum nucis moschate stillatitium. From that spice ; liquid, pale yellow: from Banda. O1n or THYME, Oleum origani. From the plant; 2 cwt. fresh yield 5 oz. and a half, 351b. dried yield 3jss; stimulant, makes the hair grow, caustic, used in toothach: from France.—O. pe- troselini. O11 or rimENtTO, O. pimente, O. fructiis myrti pimentea. From allspice ; stimulant. O. pivpIxeLLe. From the roots of pimpernel ; blue. Om or PreNNy-Rroyat, O. pulegii. From the herb when in flower; 13]b. yielded 3vj. Oin oF RAVENTSARA, Oleum raventsare. From the leaves ; sold in Europe for oil of cloves. O11 oF RHODIUM, Oleum eligno rhodii. From Levant lignum rhodium : 80lb. yielded 3ix ; 80]b. very resinous old wood yielded 2 o7.; light, yellowish, but by keeping grows red: from the Levant; the oil of sandal-wood is sold for it. OW or KOSES, Ol. rose. ‘rom the flowers of musk roses in the cups split open, soaked in twice their weight of salt water for several days, then distilled, and the water cohobated once or twice 0 194 1V. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— ~ on them: 1 ewt. yields from half an oz. to an oz. of oil; the oil of sandal-wood is sold for it. | OIL or rosEwort, Ol. rhodiole rosee. From the root; yel- lowish: 1b. yields 3}; sold for oil of rhodium, and the water for rose-water. Butter or rosrs, Adeps rosarum. From the flowers of damask roses; white, solid, melts at 94 deg. Fahr. separating slowly from the rose-water: having but little scent of its own, it is used to dilute the scent of musk, civet, and ambergris. Artrar, (itur, utr,) gul, or guhl, otto of roses, Oil of roses, O. rose. From the evergreen rose and the musk rose, new-distilled rose-water being exposed to the night air; a highly-esteemed perfume ; freezes at 50 deg. Fahr.; melts at 85 deg.: from the East Indies and the Barbary coast. O1t OF ROSEMARY, QO. rosmarini, O. rorismarini. officinalis, From the flowering tops ; sweet scented ; 1 ewt. yields 8 oz.; 1b, of dry leaves vields from 3} to 3iij; TOlb. of fresh leaves yield 5oz. Stimulant, and given in nervous complaints, the dose being from two to six minims rubbed up with sugar. RECTIFIED OIL OF ROSEMARY. By redistilling until one half of the oil is come over. Used for fine perfumery ; the residuum contains camphire. DIsTILLED OIL OF RUE, O. rute. From the dried plant; carminative, antispasmodic : 10lb. of leaves pee 3ij to Siti); 41b, in flower yield 3} ; 60lb. yield 2 oz. and ahalf; 72lb., with the seeds, vivid 30z. Antispasmodic, and externally rubefacient in hysteria, and the Plrwde 2 affections of infancy attendant on “sso apa. Dose from 2 to 5 drops rubbed with sugar or muci- age. O11 oF sacE, O. salvie. Oi. or savine, O. sabing. From the dried plant ; stimulant, powerfully emmenagogue ; externally rubefacient. O1L oF sANDAL woop, O. santali albi. Ib. yields 2 drachms ; sold for oil of rhodium, and oil of roses. Oi. oF sassa¥RAs, O. sassafras, O. lauri sassafras. From the root of sassafras by distillation with salt water, and cohoba- tion: 241b. yield 9 oz. ; 30lb. yield 7 oz. 3); aud 6lb. yield 2 oz. Stimulant, sudorific and diuretic, and given in scorbutus, chronic — rheumatism and cutaneous diseases, the dose being from 2 to 10 minims rubbed up with water. OIL oF LEMON THYME, Huile de tain, Oleum serpylli. 104\b. a — little dried yield 3 oz.; 98lb. fresh yield 2 oz. and a half; 5llb. yield 1 oz. 3vj; used to scent soaps. DistirteEp VEGETABLE OILs. 195 Orn or TANSEY, O. tanaceti. From the herb. Om oF tHyME, Oleum thymi. 2 ewt. fresh flowers yield 5 oz. and a half. EssENTIAL OIL OF TURPENTINE. O. terebinthine, P. L. before 1809. From rough turpentine distilled with an equal weight of water, very slightly soluble in alcohol, does not contain succinic acid, the residuum is yellow rosin, ETHEREAL OIL OF TURPENTINE, QO, ¢erebinthine ethereum, P. L. 1716. From essential oil of turpentine, distilled without water in glass. O. TEREB. RECTIFICATUM, P. L. 1788. Essential oil of tur- pentine, distilled with four times as much water.—2 0. ¢. 7., P.L. since 1809, O. volatile pini purissimum. Spirit of turpentine dis- tilled with four times as much water. PURIFIED OIL OF TURPENTINE. O. tereb. 8 oz. alcohol 1 0z., shake them together, pour off the alcohol, add a fresh quantity and repeat this, a third or a fourth time, until the oil becomes nearly tasteless and inodorous; but it soon recoyers its own taste and smell. Oil of turpentine is stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, anthelmintic and rubefacient; and has been found serviceable in chronic rheumatism, ]umbago and sciatica. It has also been used, either alone, or united with honey, against the teenia solium ; for this latter pu the dose is from half an ounce to two ounces ; whilst in the sc from ten minims to a drachm is usually pre- seribed. Officinal preparation.—Linimentum terebinthine, L. DISTILLED VEGETABLE OILS, Sprrit oF TuRPENTINE, Turps, Spiritus terebinthine, Oleum terebinthine, P. L. since 1809. O. pini volatile. Distilled from rough turpentine, without any water; what is left in the still is colophony, or brown rosin, reddens litmus, contains succinic acid. Used by painters as a dryer, and also to make spirit varnishes, Town drawn in carboys. Hull or Liverpool in puncheons. Horte pve raze. Distilled from galipot or barras, without water. Sold for spirit of turpentine. Kromuotz ort, Oleum templinum. By distillation from Hun- garian BALSAM OF TURPENTINE, Dutch drops, By distilling rosin, and collecting the oil in separate portions as it comes over; first a white oil, then yellow ; lastly, a thick red oil, which is the balsam; stimulant, diuretic, suppurative. Swepisu TAR, Russian tar, Cedria, Pir liquida. From logs of Pinus sylvestris, by distillation in a kiln; the heat produced by the combustion of one part of the wood being managed so as to o2 196 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— carry on the distillation of the other part. Used as a pewerasly antiseptic but coarse varnish, to light fires, and as a summer fuel. AMERICAN GREEN TAR. From Pinus palustris, which has been exhausted of its rough turpentine by incisions for three or four years. 7 AMERICAN LIGHT woop TAR. From pini palustres that have fallen in the woods through age. Frencu tar, Goudron de Bordeaux. From P. maritimus. Hue DE CADE, O. cadinum. From Juniperus oxycedrus ; used. as tar. Oi oF TAR, Jeran, Oleum pini, O. tede. Obtained by dis- tilling tar ; soon thickens of itself, almost to a balsam. O1n or Bricks, Oleum lateritium. From olive oil, mixed with brick-dust, and distilled ; very resolvent, useful in palsy and gout. O1 oF woop-soor, O. fuliginis. Fetid, used in epilepsy. Or or Box, Olewm buzi, P. L. V. From box-wood, by dis- tillation, without addition; resolvent. PyroticNgous Tar, Wood tar. Obtained in distilling and rectifying peal acid ; will not unite with common pitch and tar. sed as a varnish. Oit or BensAMIN, Oleum benzoini. Obtained by distilling by a strong fire the residuum left after making flowers of benja- min, used in making an imitation of Russia leather. Creosote. ‘The following observations have been abridged from Dr. Gully’s translation of Magendie’s Formulary. This is an oily, colourless, transparent liquid, of a pene- trating odour, resembling that of smoke, or smoked meat, and of a Siainine and exceedingly caustic taste; its sp. grav. is 1:037. Preparation —In the dry distillation of tar from wood, the fluid collected in the receivers contains an empyreumatic acid water, which is rejected, and oil of tar, which is placed in glass retorts and rectified. In these two distillations the oil of tar is at first light, but as the heat is increased its gravity aug- ments. At one period of the process the oil sinks to the bottom, and a fluid which is poor in creosote, and consists mostly of eupione, and other substances that interfere with the purity of the creosote, floats above it. This is poured off, and the pale yellow tar-oil is heated ; carbonate of potass is added, until the carbonic acid is no longer disengaged on shaking. ‘The mixture is decanted, in order to separate the acetate of potass, and the oil is again distilled in a glass retort, and all the first products that float on the water are rejected, ‘Ihe oil is then dissolved in a e DistTILLED VEGETABLE OILs. 197 solution of caustic potass of the specific gravity 1:12; heat is thereby developed, and a portion of the materials composed of eupione, etc., not being dissolved, floats on the surface, and is removed. ‘The alkaline solution is poured into an open capsule, and regularly heated to boiling. It rapidly absorbs the oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a peculiar oxidizable principle in it is decomposed, and the mixture then turns brown. After cooling in the open air, diluted sulphuric acid is added until the oil is set at liberty. It is then distilled with water holding a little caustic potass, and the whole is kept boiling until the quantity of oil which passes from the retort becomes diminished ; at this point the distillation should cease. The oil and water in the receiver are again distilled with potass, and the same treatment with sul- av acid repeated, as in the former instance. A third distil- ion is then made, and a little phosphoric instead of sulphuric acid is added, in order to take up some ammonia retained in the oil. ‘The oil is then for the third time dissolved in caustic potass, and if the preceding processes have been carefully managed, they combine without leaving any residue of eupione, and the mixture, on exposure to the air, does not turn brown, but takes on a “— reddish tint. As long, however, as any eupione remains, an the mixture turns brown, the solution in potass should be ted. In this state the creosote is not entirely pure, but it may be used for medicinal purposes. It may be obtained perfectly pure by distilling it with water alone, then rectifying the product of the distillation repeatedly until no water passes over when the heat is raised to 203° C. The last product is creosote unalloyed by eupione, picamare, water, or other matters. : With t to the therapeutic properties of creosote, it has been found beneficial in burns, in several skin diseases, in obstinate syphilitic ulcers, and in improving the condition of cancerous ulcers ; it facilitates the expectoration in phthisis and bronchitis ; chronic glandular tumors have been dispersed by frictions or fomentations of creosote; it has been often found to afford tem- relief in toothach; it arrests capillary hemorrhage with certainty, but fails in that from the large vessels; it has been found an almost effectual remedy in atonic rheumatism. Mode of administering Creosote.—In the treatment of ulcers creosote is to be applied in the concentrated form. At first it occasions more or bisa of inflammation, which however quickly subsides ; as soon as this inflammation appears, the remedy should be discontinued for a few days. It may be applied to the surface of the sore by means of a camel hair brush, or from 6 to 12 drops may be placed on a poultice, and this applied to the ulcer.—When the object is to arrest external hemorrhage, it may be poured by drops into the wound ; or, what seems more effectual, cotton or 198 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— lint soaked in it may be applied.— When the object is to employ frictions, from two to eight drops are added to each ounce of water. The proportions for creosote ointment are 10 drops of creosote to 1 ounce of lard. For internal administration it may be given either in pills or draught, the former being made of one or two drops of creosote combined with some absorbent powder and mucilage, the latter of the same quantity, and some camphor mixture. Creosote may be inhaled either by steeping paper in it, and placing this close to the nostrils, or a portion of it may be ‘poured into hot water in a Mudge’s inhaler, and the creosoted vapour inspired in the usual way. When its internal use is continued for too long a time, it is apt to produce irritation of the naa and pains in the stomach and bowels. Demulcents should always accompany it. CAMPHIRE, Roven camputre, Laurel camphire, Camphora. Obtained from the roots and shoots of the Laurus camphora, L. cinna- momum, and Capura curundu, by distillation with water. From China and Japan. DryopaLanus caAmPHIRE. Very little of this camphire comes to Europe, it being carried to China, where it sells br about 30 times the price of their own laurel camphire. Obtained b merely splitting the Dryobalanus camphora; the heart of this tree containing camphire mixed with oil of camphire. From Sumatra and Borneo. REFINED CAMPHIRE, by sublimation with one sixteenth its weight of lime in a very gentle heat. Camphire is stimulant, narcotic, and diaphoretic, gr. v to 9j, in pills or a bolus; too large a dose occasions vomiting and convulsions, counteracted by opium ; suspended in liquids, by means of mucilage, yolk of egg, or almonds. Camphire is put into boxes to keep insects from them, and is used in fireworks ; it renders copal soluble in some essential oils. Liquip camPuIRE, Oil of camphire, Camphora liquida, Oleum camphore. From Dryobalanus camphora, by piercing the tree. CaRaTTE CAMPHIRE. In tears, from the caratte. From Brazil. RosEMARY CAMPHIRE. From the oil by a careful redistil- lation, without addition, of one third of the oil; the residuum affords crystals of camphire ; on separating which, and redistilling the remaining oil two or three times, the whole of the camphire, 1 oz. from 10 of the oil, may be obtained. SWEET MARJORAM CAMPHIRE, about 1 oz. from 10 of the oil; not volatile; when set on fire it soon goes out.— Sage camphire, 1 oz. from 8 — ErueERs. 199 . LavenpveR caMPHIRE, | oz. from 4, or even less, of oil. TuyMe cCaMrPuike, crystals cubical, does not form a liquid solution either with nitric or sulphuric acid; is precipitated from nitric acid in a glutinous mass. Marearic acip. From oils by distillation, washing the solid sublimate, pressing it to separate the liquid oleine ; used to make ok but is rather too fusible, melting a little below 60 deg. ahr. Soar cAMPHIRE. From soaps, by solution in water, adding muriatic acid, collecting the curd, washing it with boiling water, ressing it to separate the liquid oleine. Is a mixture of stearic and margaric acids; used to make candles, which are very white, as neat as wax candles, and give a brighter light, but do not last so long. ToURPENTINE CAMPHIRE. From spirit of turpentine, by passing muriatic acid gas through it, by which means it will Yield about its own weight of a kind of artificial camphire, not dissolved by dilute nitric acid, and when dissolved by strong nitric acid not separated by the addition of water. Citron cAmpuirE. From the white rectified oil of citrons, exposed to muriatic acid gas it absorbs 286 times its bulk, or nearly half its weight, and yields about 9-10ths of camphire. ETHERS. Hyprocyxic xTHer. Prepared by exposing equal parts of sulpho-vinate of baryta and cyanuret of potassium to a. gentle heat in a glass retort, to which a tubular matras is adapted. The product of the distillation is an almost colourless fluid, which separates into two parts, the lighter one being hydrocyanic ether ; its action similar to that of prussic acid. Aftuex svurruvricus. Mix gradually equal weights of oil of vitriol and rectified spirit in a retort, and make the liquor boil as soon as possible; continue the distillation until a heavier liquor begins to appear under the ether in the receiver. If half the former quantity of rectified spirit is added to the residue left in the retort, more ether will be obtained. Erurn, Aither rectificatus. A®th. sulphurici fl. 3xiv ; potassee fuse Sss; aq. dist. fl. 3ij; distil. fl. 3xij; add aq. dist. fl. 3ix ; shake together, decant the ether. Stimulant, antispasmodic, gtt. XX—3jss, in Water or wine; externally refrigerant, used in head- ach, and in burns, and dropped into the ear in earach.—Officinal Preparation. Spiritus etheris sulphurici, L. Narutia vint, ther vitriolicus. Spir. «ther. vitriolici, P. L. 1788, Ib. ijss, ag. kali puri 3) ; distil. 3xiiij. _Nirrovs eruen, ther nitrosus, Put 3xxiv of nitre into 200 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— a retort, placed in a pan of cold water, and pour upon it, by degrees, a mixture of 3xij of oil of vitriol with =xix by measure of spirit of wine, which has been made gradually and grown cold ; let the vapour, the evolution of which must be regulated with great caution by the addition of warm or cold water to that in the pan, pass through a pint of spirit of wine. To the ethereal liquor thus obtained, add about 3} of subcarbonate of potash to neutralise the acid, the ether willswim on the surface: if it be required very gh it may be rectified to one half, by distillation in a water ath, at about 140 deg. Fahr. ; scarcely ever used. Eruer murraticus. Obtained by distilling, by a very gentle heat, a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and liquid concentrated hydrochloric acid. Is extremely volatile, and is decomposed by water. Its action is nearly that of sulphuric ether. AX THER MURIATICUS ALCOHOLICcUS. (Phar. Par.) ee =Viij, ground black oxide of manganese @iij, mix, add alcohol zxxiv, rectified oil of vitriol %vj, distil into a cooled receiver =xvj. It should show 22 deg. Baume. AETHER aceTicus. Put acetate of potash Zxvj into a retort; mix alcohol zxvj with rectified oil of vitriol zvj, pour it on the acetate and distil to dryness. To the distilled liquor add lime water to separate the ether. Oit oF wINE, Oleum vini. Mix equal measures of 7 he of wine and oil of vitriol, distil by geod hell taking care that the black scum does not pass over into the receiver ; separate the oy portion that passes over, add liquor potasse to saturate the acid, then distil it by a gentle heat; ether passes over, and the oil remains floating on the liquor. OLEUM £THEREUM. Continue the distillation of the ingre- dients for sulphuric ether, with a less degree of heat, after the ether is come over, until a black froth begins to rise, then remove the retort from the fire, adding sufficient water to the liquor in the retort, that the oil may float on the surface; separate this oil, and add lime water, g. s. to neutralise the adherent acid, upon which the oil will separate itself ; antispasmodic ; used as an ingre- dient in the compound spirit of ther. ° _PykoiicNrous ETHER. From wood very copiously: more vola- tile than alcohol: has a peculiar odour, but burns well in lapms. TURPENTINES AND BALSAMS. Batsamum Jupaicum, B, de Mecha, Opobalsamum. Exudes from incisions made in Amyris Gileadensis, or Amyris opobalsa- mum, and is at first turbid, yellow, becomes clear, gold colour, of a very penetrating sweet turpentiny smell, and has a sharp, bitter, astringent taste: a drop of it Jet fall on warm water spreads over the whole surface, and on the water cooling, again contracts itself. TURPENTINES AND BALSAMS. - 901 Batm or Gireap, Balsamum Gileadense, Amyridis Gilea- densis balsamum, Balsameleon, Oleum balsami. Obtained by boiling the twigs and leaves in water; thin and oily, or, by a longer continued decoction, is thicker and less odoriferous ; anti- septic, vulnerary ; its fumes are said to be useful against barren- ness; used also as a cosmetic, stimulating the skin so as to cause redness and swelling. | Cawapa Batsam, Balm of Gilead, Resina strobilina, P. L. Balsamum Canadense, Terebinthina Canadensis, Pini balsamee resina liquida. From Pinus balsamee ; from America; used for balm of Gilead. Batsam oF capivi, Balsamum copaibe, Ol. capivie, Copaiba, so sc - se resina liquida. Flows from the Copaifera inalis; detersive, vulnerary, diuretic, and astringent ; may be given to gtt. Ix, or more, if the stomach will bear it, in leucorrhcea and gonorrheea. By taking about gtt. xxx of elixir of vitriol ina glass of water, twice a day, the stomach may be made to retain gtt. Ixx toc of the balsam night and morning; a good dressing or fresh wounds. Reduced by castor oil, which is equally soluble in alcohol, and by rape oil. From Brazil. HounGarian BALSAM, Resina strobilina. Exudes from the extremities of the branches of Pinus pumilio, and is also obtained by expression from the cones. STRASBURG TURPENTINE, Terebinthine de Venise, Resina abietis, P. L. before 1809, Oleum abietis, Terebinthina Argentoratensis. Obtained by piercing the tubercles of the bark of Pinus picea. A shepherd boy can collect only 4 oz. in a day. ' Fin turrentine, Resina abietina, P. L. 1720. From Pinus picea by incision ; is not so fine as the Strasburg turpentine. Venice TuRPENTINE, Terebinthine fine, Ter. Veneta, P. W. 1720. The fine clear thar of rough turpentine that collects on the top by standing, or drains from the barrels exposed to the sun. Scio TurPENTINE, Venice turpentine, Resina terebinthini, Tere- binthina vera, T. Chia. Obtained by incision from the Pistacia terebinthus, very clear and fine. _Cyprus turrentiye, Ter. Cypria. From the Pistacia tere- binthus, but collected with less care than at Scio; foul. Lanecn Turrentine, Terebinthine de Suisse, Resina laricis, Terebinthina Veneta, Pini laricis resina liquida. From the larch, by boring it nearly through. Roveu turrentine, Horse Turpentine, Resina pini, Tere- binthina vulgaris, T. communis. From Pinus sylvestris, by cutting a hollow in the tree to catch the turpentine, and taking off the bark for a space of about eighteen inches above it. From Sweden and New England. 202 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— CAROLINA ROUGH TURPENTINE. From the Pinus palustris. Imported from Wilmington. FRENCH TURPENTINE, Terebinthine commune de Bordeaux. From Pinus maritimus, the turpentine being melted and strained through straw. ; BRIANCON TURPENTINE, Terebinthina Brianzonica. From the Pinus cembro.—All the turpentines are stimulant and diuretic; dose 9} to 3j in pills, or made into an emulsion with yelk of egg or almonds ; used externally, they are vulnerary and suppurative. WHITE BALSAM OF Perv, Natural balsam, Balsamum album, Styrax alba. Obtained by incision from Myrospermum Peruifera. Rep BALtsam oF Perv, Balsam of Tolu in gourds, Tolu, Bal- samum Tolutanum, B. de Tolu, Toluifere balsami balsamums Tolutanum, P. U.S. Colour reddish, agreeable sweetish taste, a middle consistence between liquid and solid, very glutinous, the fragrancy of lemons; anti-phthisical, vulnerary, anti-arthritic, es dose, gtt, x—-xxx; balsam of Tolu in cakes is sold or it. Brack BALsAM OF Perv, Common balsam of Peru, Balsamum Indicum nigrum, B. Peruvianum, Myroxyli Peruifert balsamum, Myrozylon, P. U.S. Obtained by boiling the bark and branches in water. From South America. The balsams of Peru all contain benzoic acid, which gives them a very fragrant smell ; taste sharp and bitter; are nervine, cephalic, stomachic, anti- asthmatic, externally vulnerary ; dose gtt. x to xxx; used also in perfumery. ‘Batsamum roruti. From the buds of the Populus balsamifera pressed between heated plates; buttery, brown, reddish, rather fragrant; 402. of buds yield 3ij of balsam. . Rackastra BALsaAMum. ‘Transparent, brownish, red, thick, drawing in threads, balsamic smell and taste, rather bitter when tasted, and glues the lips together; brought to England in gourds. Liquip storax, Styrax liquida. Obtained by boiling the young shoots of the Liquidambar styraciflua, or Altinga excelsa, in water. | Liauip AMBER, Huile de copalme, Liquidambra, Ambra liquida. Obtained by incision from the Liquidambar imberbe? resolvent, suppurative, and used in perfumes, as it has the smell of benzoin. BatsamumM Maria, Bals. tacamahaca, C.P. Oleum sancte Maria, Bals. calaba, Bals. Sancti Thome? Calaba. Yielded by the Calophyllum apetalum ; yellowish, becomes thick and green by drying, sweet scented. Rostns. 203 Batsamum viripe. From the Chloroxylon verticillatum of Peru. GanbDaAH Brrosa. From Boswellia serrata; clear, greenish, hardens into pinky olibanum. P#£NOE YVARNIsH, Peynia varnish, Liquid copal, Pundum. From Vateria Indica, or Elzocarpus copalliferus. “4 ‘Birca ort, O/. betule. Obtained by heating birch bark in an earthern pot with a hole in its bottom, so that the rosin of the bark, as it melts out, fows down into another jar sunk in the — and luted to the upper jar; used in Russia to curry eather, preserving it from mouldiness and the attacks of insects. Batsam acoucui. Flows from the Amyris acuchini; odor- ous, vulnerary, nervine. CiLusiA TURPENTINE. From Clusia alba and C. rosea; used: as pitch. Wooraroo rotson, Balsam arouarou. Flows from the Icica hetaphylla pitch ; smells like citron ; used to poison weapons. SUNFLOWER TURPENTINE. From Helianthus annuus. JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE TURPENTINE. From Helianthus tuberosus, Obtained by boiling the heads and skimming off the turpentine; very pale and clear. Sold for Strasburg turpentine. BatsaM Houmiri. Flows from the Myrodendron houmiri ; red, transparent, balsamic ; used for torches. JAPAN TURPENTINE. By incision from Rhus vernix: used in varnishing, Woop om. From the trunk of Dipterocarpus turbinatus. Sort masticu, Mastich oil. Obtained from mastich trees, which have been grafted upon the turpentine tree. ROSINS. Fiac annorro, Orleana, Terra orleana, Orleana in foliis. In square cakes of 2 or 3lbs. each, beat up with oil, either linseed, - nut, or whale. Ecc annotto, Orleana in ovulis. By steeping the seeds of Bixa orellana in water for seven or eight days, stirring the liquid, passing it through a sieve, and boiling it; when the colouring matter is scummed off, and made up while soft with oil into cakes; cathartic and then astringent, discussive, febrifuge, but little used in medicine, chiefly in dyeing. From the West Indies. Rox.t annorro, O. in rotulis, O. in baculis. In small oblong cakes, internally bright red. By rubbing the seeds with the 204 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— hands, previously dipped in oil, till the red pellicles come off, and are reduced into a clear paste, which is scraped off and dried in the shade: used by females as a paint. From South America and the East Indies. Goo animr, Gummi anime. From Hymeneea courbaril: used to make spirit varnish; soluble in alcohol. Gum cancame and Jamaica-birch rosin are sold for it. From Brazil and the East Tndies. Heap BENJAMIN, Benzoinum, Assa dulcis, Styracis benzoini balsamum. By incision from Styrax benzoin; odoriferous, fra- rant, balsamic, anti-asthmatic: used in perfumery and odori- . fumigations. From Borneo and Sumatra. CaFFRE’S HEAD BENJAMIN. Inferior in quality.—Foot ben- jamin. From Terminalia benzoin? or Laurus benzoe; brownish, hard, impure. JAMAICA-BIRCH ROSIN, Resina chibou. From the Bursera gummifera; white or yellowish; used for varnishes; sold for gura anime. Caranna, Gummi caragna, Tacamahaca caragna. Origin not well known; brought from New Spain in masses, covered with broad leaves; resolvent, dark olive.—Fefid caranna. Has a fetid smell when burnt : from a chamerrops ? Gum cHanpra, Gum hikehanumala, Moschat rosin, East Indian copal, Gomme copal, Gummi chandetros, G.. chanderros Copal, C. P. From Vateria Indica; used in varnishes; resembles yellow amber, and is sold for it. From Madagascar, and also among Sumatra camphire. Gum copat, Copal. From Rhus copallinum: used as a cement in fumigations, as it diffuses an agreeable scent when burned, and in hard varnishes; not soluble in alcohol without the help of camphire or ammonia, and scarcely in oils, except oil of rosemary.— Melted copal. Obtained by holding the gum before a good fire, so that as soon as the copal melts, it may Fears into a ite of water: a kind of oil separates from it, and the copal ecomes soluble in spirit of wime, and still more so if the melting is repeated. Gum ELEMI, Jcica, Elemi, P. 1. since 1720, By incision from Amyris elemifera; yielding a sweet odour when burnt. From South America. East Inpta ELEMI, Gum cancame, Gomme elemi, Llemi, P.L. V. and C. P. Cancamum, Balsamum cancamum. From Gardenia elemifera; whitish, clear, resembles white amber ; anti- septic, detergent: sold for gum anime, but alcohol only dissolves 6 oz. out of 10. From Arabia and Ceylon. —_ RosIns. * 205° Gum cuatacum, Gummi guaiacum, Guaiaci resina. By in- cision, from Guaiacum officinale; tonic, antiscorbutic, diapho- retic, in doses of gr. v to 9j, in pills or in emulsion; purgative in doses of gr. xv. to 5ij: Mearsctinisit gum is sold for it. From the West Indies. Ixcense, Frankincense, Encens, Looban, Thus in guttis, Oli- banum in guttis, Juniperi Lycie gummi resina ;—the larger grains, Encens male, Thus masculum ;—the smaller grains, Encens femelle, Thus femininum ;—the grains from which the dusty crust has been rubbed off in carriage, leaving them transparent, Manna thuris erystallina ;—the dust of the crusts collected at the bottom of the sacks, Manna thuris. In small, pale, yellow drops, like mastich, rather hard, transparent, bitterish, sweet-smelling, not easily melted, takes fire easily, and burns with a sweet odour, leaving white ashes: sialogogue, stimulant Dss to Hi); also used to fumigate sick-rooms, and in religious ceremonies. From some thorny tree, Juniperus Lycia? J. Phoenicia? J. thurifera ? Amyris kataf? or some undescribed amyris. Brought from the Levant; pink olibanum and fir rosin are sold for it. Pink oLisanum, Avul (best) coondoor, Paringhi sambrani, Laoban, Sukka birosa, Olibanum, P. L. since 1805. In semi- transparent tears, pink colour, brittle, adhesive to the teeth when chewed, bitterish, pungent, aromatic, Buenos with an agreeable odour, and clear steady light, leaving a black coal. By incision from the sala or birosa tree, Boswellia serrata, or Libanus thuri- fera: used in India as a medicine, but not as incense. Brown o1isanum, Koondricum, Coondoor, Googil, Thus in massis. In pretty large agglutinated masses, composed of light brown and yellowish tears, a stony hardness when pressed between the teeth, slightly pungent and bitter, more perfectly soluble in alcohol and ether than pink olibanum, and not burning with such a brilliant light. Obtained from Boswellia glabra by incision : used in the East Indies as incense in religious ceremonies, and, when melted with some cheap oil, used as pitch. From Mada- gascar, Arabia, Sumatra, and the other eastern islands. Lapanum, Labdanum. FExudes from the Cistus creticus, obtained by lashing the tree with leather straps, to which it ad- heres, and is scraped off.—-Ladanum in sortis. By boiling the twigs of Cistus ladaniferue in water: digestive, tonic, astringent ; also used in toothach. Masticu, Mastiche, Resina lentiscina, Pistacie lentisci resina. By incision, from Pistacia lentiscus; in small, round, yellow drops; tonic, detersive, and chewed to sweeten the breath and fasten the teeth. From the Levant.—Barbary mastich. From the Pistacia Atlantica, 206 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— Oxamrr cum, Gummi olampi. Of unknown origin. From America. Burcunpy pircu, White pitch, Pix Burgundica, Pix alba, Resina abietis humida, Resina alba humida, Pini abietis resina sponte concreta, Pix arida, P. L. 1809, Pix abietina. By incision, from Pinus abies, becomes solid immediately: it is melted with water and strained through coarse cloths: of a close consistence, rather soft, reddish brown, smell not unpleasant: very adhesive to the skin, rubefacient, used in colds, and short breath. From the North. Fir rosin, Per-rosin, Frankincense, Thus feemininum, T. vul- * gare, Olibanum vulgare, Resina abietis sicca, Abietis resina, L. P. since 1809. Pzides from Pinus abies, compact, opaque, deep ig not so adhesive as Burgundy pitch, sold for incense, 10d. the Ib. Native Rostn, Resina pint nativa. Exudes from Pinus syl- vestris, the turpentine drying upon the wound, and forming a white crust over it. WHiTE ROSIN, Resina pint communis, Resina alba, P. D. and P. E. Prepared from native rosin by melting and strainin through a cloth; used indifferently with Burgundy pitch ; ok heres to the fingers. Barras, Galipot de Bordeaux. Exudes from Pinus maritima ; yields by distillation huile de raze. AMERICAN ELEMI. Exudes from Pinus palustris. Gum sanpAracH, Gum Juniper, Sandaraca, Gummi juniperi. Yielded by the Thuya articulata, and 'T’. quadrivalvis, astringent and tonic, used also in making varnishes, and ‘in powder, pounce, to prevent ink from sinking in parchment, bad paper, or wheré they have been scraped. DRrAGoON’s BLOOD IN THE TEAR, Sanguis draconis in lacrymis. From the Draceena draco, by incision; very pure, used in varnishes and dentifrices; powder a bright red, cinnabris,— Dragon's blood in sticks, Sang. drac. in cannis, Pterocarpi draconis resina. From Pterocarpus draco, P. Indicus, and P. santalinus. In small masses, wrapped in leaves, dark red, breaks smooth ; powder crimson. From the East Indies.—Dragon’s blood in balls, Sang. drac. in placentis. Obtained by macerating or steaming the fruit of the Calamus draco; in round masses wrapped up in leaves of reeds, coarse grained; powder brownish fed Are all astringent. Used in tooth-powders, and to stain marbles red. From the East Indies.—Surinam dragon's blood. From Dahl- bergia monetaria, Gum srorax, Red storar, Thus Judeorum, Styrax in massis, S. rubra, Styracis balsamum, Balsamum styracis officinalis. Ob- i te ip. ery > ee par Sy ejay — a, | See 7 ; tained, by incision, from Styrax officinale, and perhaps from Liquidambar orientalis, in round cakes, hard, brownish red, ixed with whitish or yellowish fat grains, breaking under the . smells like balsam of Peru, bitter, stimulant, expectorant, gr. x to gjss. From the Levant. - Sryrax catamita, S. in vesicis, Scobs styracina. In bladders, unctuous, marbled on the inside, easily melted, smells like ben- jamin ; used in perfumes. From the Levant. _ Dror srorax, Storax en grains, Styrax in granis. In white, t grains, softening between the fingers, smells very ble but slight.— Strained storax, Styrax colata. Storax ted till it softens, and then passed between heated iron lates; 1lb. storax, warmed in bags, and pressed between iron so hot, that they are nearly sufficient to make water hiss, yields two oz. and a half of strained storax.—Storaxr purijicata, Storax dissolved in spirit of wine, the solution strained and eva- porated to a proper consistence. TAcCAMAWAC IN THE SHELL, Tacamahaca. From Fagara octandra: imported in gourds, greenish, soft, smells of lavender, taste aromatic, cephalic, nervine, externally suppurative, astrin- gent ; used in fumigations. TAcCAMAHAC IN THE LUMP, Balsamum Focot. From Populus ‘balsamifera; greenish yellow, in tears run into a mass; sweet scented: stomachic.— Bourbon tacamahaca, T. Mauritiana, T. vera, C. P.; from Calophyllum inophyllum, now C. tacamahaca. Batsam or Tou.vu 1n cakes, Baume de Carthagene, Balsamum Tolutanum in placentis. Red, solid, having been dried in the air ; nervine, cephalic, anti-asthmatic: used for balsam of Tolu in gourds or jars. From Peru. ‘Dark yettow cum, Botany bay gum, Gummi flavum, N.S. W. Gummi resina acaroidis ; from the base of the leaves of Xan- thorrheea hastilis, or Acarois resinifera of New South Wales: antidysenteric, and employed to unite the lips of wounds, however or dangerous; also to compose a cement; resembles gam- boge, but darker, not entirely soluble in alcohol, the remainder not soluble nor diffusible in water. Licur yettow com. Resembles yellow arsenic, gives water the smell of storax, but is not soluble in it; 2 oz. out of 8 are soluble in alcohol, the solution is glutinous, what remains is astringent and soluble in water, taste pleasant. Both burn as freely as rosin, and smell, when burning, like balsam of Peru.— Blue gum. From the Evania resinifera of Botany bay. True vArnisw resin. Yielded by the Terminalia vernix ; used by the Chinese in varnish. 208 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— MANCHINEL GuM. Yielded by the Hippomane mancinella;- sold for gum guaiacum. -Canarium cum. Yielded by C. balsamiferum ; sweet scented, used for incense. Ciove cum. Resina caryophyllorum. Reddish brown, found among cloves. Ava DAMMER. From Pinus dammar.—White Malabar dam- mer.— Black Malabar dammer.—Coarse Malabar dammer. All from Chloroxylon chupada.—Nepaul dammer. From Shorea robusta. All these dammers are used in India for all the pur- poses of turpentine, rosin, and pitch. TECAMEZ SANDAL RESIN. From the sandal tree of Tecamez. —Volkameria rosin. From the V. inermis of India.—New 2ea- land rosin. From Avicennia resinifera. Both are red and astringent. Hoc cum. Exudes from Rhus metopium. Is black, ver adhesive : called hog gum because the wild hogs, when sense rub themselves against the tree. TABERNE MONTANA RESIN. From T. arcuata.—Mombin rosin. ‘The produce of Spondias myrobalanus.—Bursera rosin. The produce of B. Orientalis : is tonic, styptic.—Escallonia rosin. From E. resinifera, purplish.— Uvaria gum. From U. tritape- loidea, very odoriferous: all these are tonic, astringent, and aromatic. Avcta rosin. From A. Sinensis; black, used in China for varnish, and medicinally as a purgative. BARBADOES CEDAR ROSIN, Gummi cedrinum, Col. of Ph. Col. PreroviaN MAsticH. From Schinus molle; white, smelling like fennel and pepper. Coumia rEstn. From Amyris ambrosiacia; used as incense, and in chronic diarrhcea. Ticuna. From Amyris toxifera; used to poison weapons for war and hunting. Kina-KINA ROSIN. Yielded by Myrospermum pedicellatum : used by gouty persons to hold in the hand. LovacE Rosin, Resina ligustict. Exuded by Cornish lovage. Guarana. From Brazil. Col. Ph. Col. Origin not known, BoiLtep pitcn, Stone pitch, Pix sicca, P. aira, P. navalis, P. arida, P. L. before 1809. Obtained by boiling or distilling tar to the desired consistence ; in medicine used only as a Mh al in plasters.—Fired pitch. By letting tar burn until about half, or Resrtnous Extracts. 209 2 ewt. out of $ are consumed.—Poix noir, Poix grasse. From the of resin and the straw by which it has been strained, run down in a pitch-kiln. Yerttow rosin, Poix resine, R. flava, R. pini oleo volatile ivatum. Obtained by boiling or distilling rough turpentine with water, or by boiling or distilling turpentine, and pouring the residuum, while yet fluid, into water, of which it absorbs about 1-8th of its weight: suppurative externally, used in ointments and plasters. BoiLep TURPENTINE, Terebinthina cocta, P. L. V. Venice turpentine I1b. boiled in 20 pints of water, until as brittle as glass ; e into small cakes, for rubbing fiddle-sticks. Brown rosin, Black rosin, Greek pitch, Brat sec. Colophane, Piz Greca, Colophonium, Resin anigra. Obtained by boiling or distilling rough turpentine without water ; suppurative externally. RESINOUS EXTRACTS. Rosin OF CALAMUS AROMATICUS, Resina calami. Rosin oF scamMMmony, Jesina scammonii. Rostn or jaar, Resina jalape. 10lbs. yielded Ilb.: not soluble in ether. Rostn oF cuatacum, Resina guaiact. Dissolves in ether. Rosry or tursiru, Resina turpethi. Eight oz. yield 3 v. Restwa corticis Peruviant. Digest rectified spirit upon the substances repeatedly, till the last portion is not tinged ; distil off the spirit till but a fourth part remains, add water to cause the rosin to settle, which is then to be washed and dried. EXTRACTUM CINCHONE REsINOSUM. Soak 2lbs. bruised bark in 4lbs. spirit of wine for four days, filter and distil off the spirit. Barky’s REstNous ExtTRAcT oF BARK. Distil tincture of bark, made with rectified spirit, nearly to dryness, remove the rosin on its surface, and evaporate slowly the remaining liquid to a fine extract. Rostw or ators, Resina aloes. The insoluble residuum left in making washed aloes, Orium vuriricatum mottE, P. D. Digest lb. j of sliced opium in lb. xij of proof spirit; and after filtration, distil off the spirit till the mass is reduced to a consistence fit for pills. Op. pur. durum. “Made sufficiently hard to powder. ALcoHoLIc EXTRACT oF NuUx vomica. Digest rasped nux yomica in alcohol lb. j at 40 deg. Baume, in a cool place, strain and evaporate to an extract ; if weak alcohol be used, the extract is not so powerful. i 210. IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— *:DR¥ ALconoLtic EXTRACT oF NUX vomica, Make a tincture 6f nux vomica with alechol at 36 deg. Baume; filter, and evapo- rate on shallow plates with a very gentle heat; acts strongly as an excitant of the nervous system; in pills, gr. j to 1j, increased gra- dually and cautiously to Sss, or until the tetanic symptoms become considerable: used in palsy. Brucine. Digest ether on powdered bark of Brucea antidy- ' genterica, to separate a fatty matter; strain, add alcohol at 36 deg. Baume; digest, filter, evaporate to dryness; dissolve the mass in water, add liquid subacetate of lead; filter, pass sulphu- retted hydrogen gas through the clear liquor; filter again, and add calcined magnesia: filter again, wash the sediment ver slightly with cold water, dry, digest in alcohol, filter, and distil off the spirit.. To purify the brucine, add a solution of oxalic acid, crystallize, add a mixture of alcohol at 40 deg. Baume, and ether at 60 deg., to extract the colouring matter, then dissolve the oxalate of brucine in water, add calcined magnesia, filter, digest the sediment in alcohol, filter, and let the spirit evaporate by exposure to the air, Brucine is crystalline, very bitter, scarcely soluble in water; acts strongly on the nervous system, gr. ss gra- dually to gr. vj. Nitric acid turns it deep crimson. Cincuonine. Boil Peruvian bark in alcohol until all the bitterness is extracted ; distil to dryness; dissolve the extract in — boiling water, rendered very acid with muriatic acid ; add calcined magnesia, boil for a few minutes till the liquor is clear; when sold, filter, wash the sediment left on the filter with cold water, dry it, boil alcohol upon it until all the bitterness is extracted ; it off the alcohol, and, as it cools, the cinchonine will crystal- ize. It may be purified by solution in a very weak Aut, and the addition of an alkali; white, crystalline, scarcely soluble in water, or in ether: used in combination with sulphuric or acetic acid. Devruine. Blanch stavesacre seeds, beat them to a paste, boil with a little water, strain, add calcined magnesia, boil for some minutes, filter, wash the sediment with water, and digest it in alcohol at 40 deg., decant the tincture and distil off the spirit ; the delphine is left as a white powder ; scarcely soluble in water, but soluble in aléohol or ether. Not yet tried medicinally. 2. Bruise unhusked stavesacre seeds, add weak sulphuric acid, filter, add ammonia to separate the delphine; dissolve in alcohol, distil off the spirit, dissolve the extract in muriatic acid, add cal- cined magnesia to saturate the muriatic acid, and throw down the delphine purer than before ; redissolve in alcohol, filter, and distil off the spirit. DiciratinE, Supposed to be the active principle of digitalis. Restnovs Extracts. 21 Sufficient researches have not, however, been yet made, to sanc- tion the introduction of this substance into medicine. Emetine. Pour ether at 60 deg. 3ij on powdered ipecacu- anha 3j, digest, decant, distil, and repeat this as long as any fatty odorous matter is extracted from the root; then digest the pow- der in alcohol of 40 deg. 3iv, repeat this three times with fresh alcohol; distil gently to dryness, dissolve what is left in’ cold water ; add subcarbonate of magnesia to separate the gallic acid _ it contains, dissolve again in alcohol, filter, and evaporate to dry- _ ness; produces 70 or 80 grains. In reddish brown scales, easily running in the air, not crystallizable; emetic in doses of a quarter _ of a grain, or rather more. - Pore emetine. Digest powdered ipecacuanha first in ether, and then in rectified spirit ; distil off the spirit, and dissolve the _ remainder in water, add calcined magnesia in sufficient quantity ; pour off the liquor, wash the remainder with a little very cold water to separate the colouring matter, and dry it, digest alcohol on it, filter, distil off the spirit ; dissolve the remainder in diluted acetic acid, clarify the solution by bone black, and add ammonia to throw down the emetine, which is white, scarcely soluble in water ; emetic in doses of a sixteenth of a grain. | GenTiANine. Digest gentian root in powder in ether for two days and nights, filter, evaporate nearly to dryness; add alcohol to the yellow crystalline mass thus obtained until it no longer becomes coloured ; evaporate to dryness, redissolve in weak alco- hol, filter, evaporate again to dryness; dissolve in water, add some calcined magnesia, boil, filter, digest the sediment in ether, and evaporate to dryness. Gentianine is yellow, scarcely soluble in water, very soluble in alcohol or ether; a strong aromatic bitter, in doses of gr. ij; the tincture is mostly used. Guatapine. Rub fresh-made gluten of wheat flour with l, evaporate to dryness: the glaiadine thus obtained ma be purified 4 extracting the colouring matter by means of sul- phuric ether, which does not dissolve the glaiadine ; used to form a test liquor. Lurixtxe, prepared by boiling the lupinus terminis in alcohol of the specific gravity 936, filtering the solution, and then evapo- rating to ess, The residuum: has a yellowish-green colour, is very , and transparent. This is dissolved in water, the colour removed by animal charcoal, the solution evaporated to the consistence of syrup, by which small white crystals are ob. tained. The liquid is then evaporated to dryness, the extract heated anew with boiling alcohol, and again evaporated, and then a bitter principle is obtained to which the name of lupinine has given. ‘This is a solid substance of a yellowish colour, ' Its PR 212 ~+IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— taste is exceedingly bitter: it is soluble in water, as also in alcohol of sp. grav. 936; but insoluable in ether or pure alcohol. This has been considered capable of curing intermittent fever. ~ Morruta, Morphium, Morphine. Opium ziij, water 3x, soak for five days; filter, add calcined magnesia 3) gr. xij: or rather quicklime 3jss ; boil for ten minutes, filter, wash with cold water till the water passes off clear, dry, and digest in warm alcohol of 22 deg. as long as it becomes coloured: boil the residuum in alcohol of 32 deg. for a few minutes; filter while hot, and as it cools, crystals of morphia will separate. ‘These crystals may be purified by boiling them in alcohol, and recrystallizing them. Bone black may also be used to separate the colouring matter ; extremely bitter, narcotic, used in the form of an acetate or sul- phate.—'The residuum, Lziract of opium exhausted of morphine, 1s also used ; gr. BH are equal to gr. j of extractum opli aquosum, or to + gr. of morphine, Narcorine, Sel d’opium, Matiéere de Derosne. Exhaust opium of whatever water will separate from it, dry the remainder, add muriatic acid at 4 deg. Baume, or rather pyroligneous acid at 4 or 5 deg., strain with pressure: to the liquor add ammonia, wash the precipitate with boiling alcohol at 36 deg., the narcotine taken up will separate as the alcohol cools, and may be purified by bone - black: narcotic. EXtTRact oF OPIUM EXHAUSTED OF NARCOTINE. Evaporate the washings of the opium nearly to dryness, add ether to dissolve any narcotine which may be left in them, decant, and evaporate to an extract: superior to the ordinary watery extract of opium. —Codeine. In treating solution of opium with muriate of lime a muriate of morphia is precipitated, in combination with codeine. This latter substance forms, with the acid and morphia, Gregory's salt, or the double muriate of morphia and codeine. From this the latter is separated by ammonia, the major part of the morphia precipitating. ‘The supernatant solution of codeine and ammo- nia, with some non-precipitated morphia, is concentrated until the chlorohydrate of ammonia begins to crystallize, and with it the double salt of morphia and codeine. The crystals are to be dis- solved in water, filtered through charcoal, and a. slight excess of caustic potash added, by which means the codeine a is preci- pitete and is then taken up by alcohol or ether. Codeine com- bines with acids, forming salts; its action similar to that of mor- _ pa but is not so powerful, one grain of it being equivalent to — alf a grain of morphia. Some say that it possesses a specific influence over the ganglionic system of nerves. It may be given either in a julep, or in pills. The hydrochlorate is more active f than the simple codeine. | Pirertne. Digest bruised black pepper Ib. ij in alcohol at Restnous ExtTRActTs. 213. 36 dee: Baume, Ib. iij, boil, when cool, decant and pour on fresh aleohol lb. iij, mix the tinctures, add distilled water Ib. ij, and mu- riatic acid 3 oz.; take away the fatty matter that is separated, and the piperine will be found collected on the filter and sides of the in fine crystals. | 2. Digest black pepper in alcohol as long as any thing is taken up, evaporate the tinctures, wash the fat that is obtained with boiling water, dissolve it in alcohol, leave the alcohol to evaporate spontaneously, and crystals of piperine will be obtained. Quinine. Made from yellow bark, in the same manner as cinchonine from common Peruvian bark ; white, scarcely soluble in water, very soluble in ether, by which it may be separated from cinchonine, if they are mixed together. Sauicine. The principle on which the febrifuge properties of the willow-bark depend. M. Leroux obtained it by the following pees three pounds of the willow-bark (salix helix) in 5 pounds of water, holding 4 ounces of subcarbonate of potash in solution; strain, and add to the cold decoction 2 pounds of fluid subacetate of lead ; filter, add sulphuric acid, and precipitate the whole lead by su]phuretted hydrogen gas ; saturate the excess. of acid by chalk ; filter again, evaporate and neutralize it by dilute sulphuric acid ; remove the colouring matter by charcoal, and filter it hot; crystallize twice if the salt is coloured after the first crystallization, and dry in the shade. This process gives about one ounce of salicine. M. Leroux obtains five per cent. of the weight of the bark. It exists in the bark of many species of salix, as the common willow, Salix monandra, S. incana, S. fissa, &e. Salicine thus obtained is in small silky groups of pearly white crystals, is very soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether, is extremely bitter, and smells like willow bark. This substance possesses febrifuge qualities, but not in a degree equal to sulphate of quinia. May be given in the dose of 6 or 8 grains between the paroxysms of intermittents. Soranine, Filter the juice of nightshade berries, quite ripe,. add ammonia; filter, wash the sediment, boil in alcohol ; filter, and distil off the spirit; the solanine is left as a white powder ; not soluble in water, bitter ; emetic, narcotic. Strycuntxe. Boil rasped nux vomica three times in water, adding at last a very little muriatic acid, evaporate the decoction to the consistence of syrup ; add fresh quick lime, 1 oz. to each 5 oz. of the nux vomica, strain through cloth, wash the sediment with alcohol at 22 deg. to dissolve the brucine, dry the remainin precipitate, add alcohol at 36 deg. to dissolve the strychnine, bot evaporate about 4-5ths, the strychnine crystallizes as the alcohol cools, and may be rendered purer by dissolving again in alcohol, evaporation, and crystallization ; the brucine, being more soluble in spirit, remains in solution, White, crystalline, or 214 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— granular; scarcely soluble in water; acts still more strongly on the nervous system than rosin of nux vomica; in pills, containing 1-12th or 1-8th ofa grain each, cautiously and otadually increased. Magendie gives the following formula for pills of strychnia; take of strychnia.2 grains, conserve of roses 4 gros., mix carefully, and divide the mass into 24 pills. VeERATRINE. Digest the seeds of Veratrum sabadilla in boilin alcohol, filter while hot ; distil nearly to dryness ; dissolve in eal water, filter, evaporate slowly ; add a solution of acetate of lead, filter to pass sulphuretted hydrogen gas through the clear liquor, filter, evaporate a little; add calcined magnesia, filter, digest the sediment in boiling alcohol, filter and evaporate till a yellowish substance is left, which may be purified and rendered white by dissolving it in alcohol, and adding water to throw down the pure white veratrine. Errhine produces a very abundant salivation ; cathartic, in doses of a quarter of a grain ; in larger doses emetic, producing tetanus. Dr. Turnbull has lately published a series of cases of heart affections, various forms of neuralgia, rheumatism, paralysis, dropsy, gout, &c., in which the external application of veratria in form of ointment seemed to be followed by the most beneficial results. He directs from 10 to 20 grains of veratria to the ounce of lard, of which the size of a large nut isto be rubbed in night and morning. GLUTINOUS MATTERS. Brack kExLastic Gum, Indian rubber, Caoutchouc, Gummi elasticum. From Jatropha elastica? the milky juice being spread ‘upon clay moulds, and dried over a fire, or torches, and formed into water-proof boots and pormanteaus, as also bottles used for holding liquids, and for syringes; very easily expanded, and becomes almost transparent by extension. Brown Exastic cum. Dried by the air, stiff, does not expand easily.—Elastic gum softens by heat, dissolves in oils, petroleum, and ether; and is used for varnish, to make elastic catheters, bougies, and probes ; and for rubbing out the traces of blacklead pencils. UrcroLa ELastic GuM. Very elastic, brought from China, Ficus Inpica Gum. Soft.—Jack-tree gum ;—Castilla elastica gum. Are all elastic. Birp-time, Viseus aucupum. By boiling missletoe berries in — water till they break, pounding them in a mortar, and washing — away the branny refuse with fresh water. a Hotty Birp-LtIMe. From the bark, stripped in June or July, and boiled in water for six or eight hours, until it becomes tender; the water is then separated from the bark, which is laid in layers _ with fern, and left to ferment for two or three weeks, until it» iy - Awan Orns anp Fats. Vi 2 forms a mucilage, which is pounded in a mortar into a mass, and rubbed in the hands in running water, till all the refuse is worked out; the bird-lime is then put into an earthen vessel, and left for some days to purge itself. It may also be made from the bark of the wayfaring tree, and other vegetables; discutient ns ae used to rub over twigs for catching birds or small anim . . Sari avecurArium sBirp-Lime ;—Hippomane biglandulosa bird-lime. Both used to eatch parrots.—Pittosporum tobira bird- jn Surrounds the seeds.—Schozolana -bird-lime.. Covers the t. ; . : lene OF WHEAT FLOUR. Mix flour with a little water iato a stiff paste as for pastry, kneading this paste in water until the starch and haclen wapttcx are washed out, Grey, extensible, while fresh and moist, like elastic gum: the superiority of wheat 2 hy Ri upon this substance, which turns blue when mixed guaiacum. OF ANIMAL ORIGIN. ANIMAL OILS AND FATS. Are more emollient than the vegetable oils. Goose Grease, Adeps anseris, From roasted geese; white, scent, taste agreeable, emollient, used in clysters; also an emetic, of very easy action. 7 Eet rat, Adeps anguille. Collected from eels while roasting ; used to preserve steel from rusting. + Homan rat, Adeps hominis. Very emollient, yellow, scentless, used in the Russian hospitals. Virers’ Fat, Pinguedo vipere, Axungia viperina, Used in eye ointments, and to anoint the back in consumptions. Beans’ Grease, Pinguedo ursi. Yellow, strong smelling, nearly liquid, much used to make the hair grow. _ Vear rat, Pinguedo vitulina.. Now preferred by the perfu- mers, as it will keep a long time without growing rank. Hoes’ tarp, Barrows’ grease, Sain doux, Arvina, Axunge, Axungia, Adeps suilla preparata, A. preparata, A. porcina. From the raw lard, by chopping it fine, or rather rolling it out to break the cells in which the Fat is lodged, then melting the fat in a water bath, or other gentle heat, and straining it while warm: in blad- ders.—2. By boiling in water, and skimming it off when cold ; contains water, grows rank much sooner than when melted by 216 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— MurTon suUET RENDERED Down, Sevum ovillum curatums; S. preparatum ;—Beef suet rendered down. Yellow tallow, Soap tallow, Sevum bovinum curatum, 8S. vaccinum curatum, S. prepa- ratum. Wuiter tattow. Yellow tallow melted, and a little alum mixed with saltpetre added to it, or a small quantity of nitric acid. Kircuen sturr. ‘The refuse fat of the kitchen; it is generally melted and pressed from the graves, or membranes. Currirrs’ rat. Melted stuff, boiled until it is very hard and blackish when cool. BonkE GREASE. From the refuse bones of the kitchen and slaughter-house, bruised, boiled ; used to make cart grease. Horse rat, Axungia ex equi juba. Used by enamellers for their lamps, gives out more heat than oil. Beer marrow, Medulla bovina, Used by perfumers to make the hair grow. Deer’s suet, Sevum cervinum. Used by the gilders to put into gold size.— Yelk of wool, Césypus. Obtained by washing raw wool in warm water. NeEats’ Foot ort, Nerve oil, Trotter oil, Oleum nervinum, Azxungia pedum tauri. By boiling neats’ feet and tripe in water ; taste agreeable, does not grow hard by keeping; used to soften o . leather, and keep it in that state, also for frying fritters. Pork crease, Flambard. The fat collected in boiling pork ; grey, softer than hog’s-lard ; used in making soft soap. Guacuaro o1t. From the guacharo bird: half liquid, trans- parent, scentless, and may be kept a year without becoming rank ; used in cookery. CakOLINA PIGEON o1L. From Carolina pigeons in large quantities. STURGEON FAT, Arungia sturionis, Eaten as butter. GREENLAND WHALE OIL, Zhran, Train oil, Oleum cetaceum. From the Balzna mysticetus, coarse, strong smelling. IcELAND WHALE o1L. From the Balena nordcaper.—Finjish oil. From the Balsenoptera gibbar.—Sea unicorn oil. From the Monodon vulgaris; finer than any other kind of whale oil. GREAT SPERMACETI WHALE OIL, Southern fishery whale oil. From the Physeter macrocephalus, superior to the Greenland whale oil, pleasant tasted. | _ Buunt-HEADED cacHoLoroiL. From the Physeter trumpo ; finer than the Greenland whale oil.—Smail-eyed cacholot oil. From the Physeter microps.—Porpoise oil. From the Delphinus pho- at AnIMAL Orns anv Fars. 217 cena; of a fine quality.—Sword-fish oil. From the Delphinus gladiator ; of excellent quality. Sea-1tion ort, From the Phoca leoniua.—Sea-lion fat. From the Phoca jubata; resembles mutton suet. Seat ort, Arungia phoce, P. Suec. From the Phoca vitulina; brown. Sea-cow o1t, Elephant oil, Morse oil. From the Trichechus rosmarus. Fish om or various Kinps.—Shark oil. Imported from Iceland.—Cod oil, Liver oil, Leber thran, Oleum jecinoris aseili. From the liver of the Gadus morhua.— Herring oil. By pressing the fish when plentiful; 2 cwt. of herrings yield rather more than a gallon.—Conger oil. Drained from the fish before they are salted.—Pilchard oil. By pressing the fish.—Father-lasher oil. From Cottus scorpio.—Stickleback oil. From Gasterosteus acu- leatus ; obtained occasionally when the fish are very plentiful. —Loggerhead oil. From the Mediterranean turtle. Heap matrer. From the great spermaceti whale, principally lodged in a cavity below the snout, also from the bluntheaded and the small-eyed cacholot ; composed of spermaceti mixed with oil. SrermAcett o1t, Sperm oil. From head matter, by filtering nc flannel, or felt. The finer kinds of whale tog seal oils, fi through animal charcoal, are sold for it: used for chamber lamps, burning with but little smell. Srermaceti, Blanc de baleine, Cetine, Cetaceum. The white fatty matter left in filtering spermaceti oil from head matter, further purified by boiling a short time in a ley of subcarbonate of potash, melting it, and pouring it out into moulds, crystalline, with a cavity in the centre, lined with crystals ; used as a pectoral, mixed with sugar. Presu surrer, Butyrum insulsum. Obtained from cream by agitation ; used for food, and in ointments : by keeping it acquires a certain degree of rancidity, after which it remains unaltered ; some nations prefer it in this state rather than to salt it. Craniriep Butter, Butyrum purificatum. Melt fresh butter in a gentle heat, let it settle, and pour off the clear into a vessel set in cold water, to cool it immediately, without letting it crys- tallize: keeps long without becoming rank. Ow oF YELKs oF EGGs, Oleum e vitellis ovorum. Obtained by boiling eggs hard, roasting the yelks, first broken in two or three pieces each, in a frying-pan over the fire till the oil begins to exude out of them, and then pressing them with great force ; fifty eggs yield about five oz. of oil. Old eggs yield the greatest quantity. 218. IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— BEES’ WAX. BrEgEs’ wax, Cera flava. Forms the partitions of the cells in which bees store their honey ; obtained by melting the comb ; demulcent, used in diarrhoea and dysentery, made into an emul- sion $j ter quaterve in die; from North America, Russia, Africa, Hamburgh, and the East Indies. ' Ceva FLAVE PuRIFIcATA. Common bees’ wax melted, scummed, and left to settle. ' Biockx ware wax, Cera alba in massis. From bees’ wax, by exposing it in thin flakes to the action of the sun, wind, and rain, frequently changing the surface thus exposed by remelting it, and reducing it again to thin flakes; used in making candles, and in white ointments, for the sake of its colour. Vireins’ wax, Cake white wax, Cera alba in offis. In round thin cakes. _ Bre sreap, Propolis, Collected or formed by bees, for the purpose of covering the bottom of the hive, and everything in their way which is too heavy to be removed by them; it is a mixture of rosin with wax ; fume antiasthmatie. Waite tac, Pela? Ambra alba, Coll. Phys. Coll. ; resem- bles white wax, but is secreted by insects in the same manner as lac: from China. ANIMAL RESINS, AmBereris, Ambra grisea. Found in the sea and in the intes- tines of the spermaceti whale, Physeter macrocephalus, mixed with the beaks of the cuttle fish ; appears to be a secretion of the animal when in a morbid state, has been found in the human in- testinal canal, though some still suppose it to be a fossil substance, oozing out into the sea, where, swimming about, it is sometimes swallowed by that whale; aphrodisiac, gr. iij tox; used in pers fumery; when burned, smells agreeably, whence it is useful in pastilles, Buack amBer,, Ambra nigra. Of a darker colour than ambra grisea, but in other respects the same. - Grain Musk, Moschus in granis. From musk pods, stimulant, antispasmodic, gr. ij to 9ss every three or four hours in a bolus. Has the strongest smell of any natural substance hitherto known, and when used in a very small quantity, augments the smell of other substances, without imparting its own; when burned, smells disagreeably. Russian castor, Castoreum Rossecum. From Russia castor pods ; orange brown, bitter, acrid, with a peculiar strong and un- pleasant smell ; antispasmodic, perhaps emmenagogue, gr, X to 9), in a bolus. on ANIMAL-RESINS. 219 2. New England castor, Castoreum nove Anglie, Very different smell from the former, but sold for it. Crvet, Zibethum. From civet bags, yellowish white, soft, unctuous, like honey, smell ot IE unless diluted: antispas- modic, but scarcely ever used alone internally ; used in perfumery to augment the smell of other substances; when burned smells i bly ; entirely soluble in oils —Pole-cat civet. Sold for civet, dark colour. Raw sitx, Sericum. Secreted by the Phalena bombyx, for its security while in the state of a pupa or grub; cordial, restora- tive, 3} in powder. _ Copwes, Tela aranearum. Secreted by spiders to form their nets; externally styptic, internally febrifuge; used in quartan. agues, dose gr. x; the cobwebs of the different kinds of spiders appear, however, to differ in their effects, Stick Lac, Lacca in ramulis, Lacca in baculis. Deposited by the coccus lacca on the branches of trees. _ Seep tac, Lacca in granis, L. in seminis. Stick lac which has been broken off the branches, and digested in warm water by the dyers for the extraction of its colour; brownish. East Indian. Lump tac, L. in massis. Seed lac melted into cakes.—Shell lac, L. in tabulis. Seed lac boiled in water, by which its colour has been extracted, and then poured upon a wet slab; transparent, lightish red. East Indian light orange, retail. -Calefacient, attenuant, aperitive, diaphoretic, diuretic ; used in dentifrices, in varnishes, and to form sealing-wax, Creyton tac, L. Zeylanica. Deposited upon the Croton lacci- ferum; is in red sticks, purer than that deposited by the coccus lacea, astringent, dyes silk red.—Charon. A black lac, used in the Burmah dominions for lacquer.—Awel urruk. A coarse lac, used in India for cement.—Erythina lac. Deposited upon Ery- thina monosperma. Carmine, Carminum, Purpura vegetabilis. Boil 3} of cochi- neal, finely powdered, in 12 or 14 Ib. of rain or distilled water in a tinned copper vessel for three minutes; then add alum gr. xxv, and continue the boiling for two minutes longer, and let it cool; draw off the clear liquor, as soon as it is only blood warm, into shallow vessels, put them by for a couple of days, by which time the carmine will have settled. In case the carmine does not se- parate properly, a few drops of muriate of tin, 7. e. dyers’ spirit, or of a solution of green vitriol, will throw it down immediately ; the water being then drawn off, the carmine is dried in a’ warm stove, and should be entirely soluble in liquid ammotia. ‘The first coarse sediment serves to make Florence lake; the water drawn off is liquid rouge. 220 IV. OILY COMPOUND COMBUSTIBLES.— 2. Boil lb. j of cochineal powdered, and 3vj of alum in 40Ib. of water, strain the decoction, add zss of dyers’ spirit, and after the carmine has settled, decant the liquid and dry the carmine: this Pesees yields about 3jss; used as a paint for the ladies, and also y miniature painters. CuEEsE, Caseus. Separated from milk by the addition of ren- net, or the juice of rubiaceous and some other plants, and subse- quent straining; for the purpose of keeping it, it is generally salted and pressed. 'There are many varieties of it, arising from the addition of cream to the milk, or its subtraction from the milk, the separation of the whey with or without compression, the salting of the curd, the breaking of the curd, or not, efore ressure, the making with pressure or without, the colouring with saffron or annotto, the keeping, &c. | DISTILLED ANIMAL OILS. OL oF HARTSHORN, Olewm cornu cervi. From harts’ horns, Dirrer’s o1t, Animal oil, Rectified oil of hartshorn, Oleum Dippelii, O. animale, O. cornu cervi rectificatum. From oil of hartshorn, by a slow distillation, in a retort no bigger than is necessary, and saving only the first portion that comes over ; very fine and thin, and must be kept in an opaque vessel, or in a drawer or darker place, as it is quickly discoloured by light ; antispas- modic, anodyne, diaphoretic, gtt. x—xxx in water; externally stimulant. : Oi or Bonxs, Olewm ossium. Very fetid, burnt in lamps for making English lamp-black, and also used for lighting mines. Butter or wax, Butyrum cere. Distilled from bees’ wax: concrete. Ot of wax, Oleum cere. From butter of wax, by redistilla- tion: liquid. OF MINERAL ORIGIN, MINERAL OILS. Narra, Naphiha, Oleum petre album. Pale yellow, fine, thin, very inflammable; found in Persia, Italy, and other places. ARTIFICIAL NAFTA. From coal tar, by distillation; used for lamps. On oF PpETRE, Rock oil, Huile de Gabian, Petroleum, Oleum petre. Red or brown; found in Persia, France, and other places. Coat ot, Petrol. Floats on the water in which coal-gas ae are placed; from coal-tar by distillation; used for amps. a CHARCOALS. _ 221 - Barsapors Tan, Pisseleon Indicum, Petroleum Barbadense, Bitumen, Petroleum. Dark, very thick, semi-liquid; found in Trinidad and other places. Jew’s pitcn, Asphaltum. Pitch black, hard, strong-scented ; found in Syria and other places ; used in varnishes. ARTIFICIAL AsrHALtTuM. Left in distilling Barbadoes tar, or coal tar. Amperr, Succinum, Carabe. Found in Prussia. The whitest, being the cheapest, is preferred for medical use; balsamic in wder, 9j to 3) in gonorrheea and the whites: the transparent inds are used in jewellery, and the coarser are distilled for vil of amber; also used to make oil varnish. Or or amBer, Oleum succini, P. L. before 1809. Distilled from coarse pieces of amber, which are not fit for jewellery ; stimulant, antispasmodic, externally discutient, rubefacient ; used in rheumatism, hooping-cough, and paralytic limbs. The fol- lowing is recommended as a friction in tic doloureux,—Olei succini fi. unciam, tinct. opii fl. semunciam. Misce. Officinal prepara- tions.—Spiritus ammoniz succinatus. REcTIFIED OIL OF AMBER, Oleum succini rectificatum, O. suc- cini, P. L. since 1809. Oil of amber redistilled twice. Batsam ov amber, Balsamum succinit. The thick oil left in rectifying oil of amber. : Oteum petrroui Barsavensis. Distilled from Barbadoes tar by the retort, in a sand heat ; blue when viewed with the back Ms Fess light, and orange when placed between the eye and the lgnt. ; Coat rar. Distilled from fossil coals ; used as a coarse cheap varvish. | Antiriciat musk, Moschus fictitius, Resina succini. Rectified oil of amber one part, nitric acid four parts ; digest, a black matter is deposited, to be well washed in water: smell similar to that of musk or ambergris, and may be used for them in medicine. Vv. SIMPLE COMBUSTIBLES. CHARCOALS. CHARCOAL varies in its qualities according to the substance from which: it is prepared ; that of the soft woods, as the willow or alder, is best for crayons, and for making gunpowder; that of the harder 229 V. SIMPLE COMBUSTIBLES.— woods is used for fuel, or for a support for substances exposed to the flame of a blowpipe. Charcoal of animal substances has the greatest clarifying power. Charcoal made by a low red heat, not exceeding cherry red, has a dull surface, and is best for clarifying liquids, and probably for making gunpowder, or for fuel. If the heat is carried beyond this point, the charcoal acquires a brilliant surface, and is.considerably inferior for elarifying, and, probably, for every other use. Oak cHARCOAL, Beech ‘charcoal, Hazel charcoal. Pile-burned are those commonly sold in London for fuel. Wixtow cHarcoat, Carbo ligni. Pile-burned is sometimes found mixed with the common charcoal, and picked out for crayons, to polish copper plates, tooth powder, and to put into poultices to correct fetid ulcers ; also as an alterative in chronic costiveness, ALDER cHARCOAL ;—Dog-wood charcoal ;—Spindle-wood char- coal. Distilled in iron cylinders for making gunpowder : they must not be allowed to absorb the vapour contained in the receiv- ing-vessels. | CHEsTNUT cHARCOAL. Burns slowly, and if blown, deadens immediately upon the blast being stopped; used by smiths for forging. ARECA NUT CHARCOAL. Vaunted as a dentifrice; willow charcoal is sold for it. Cuarcoat pust. The dust collected from the scuttles, used to reduce metallic oxides and similar purposes. VEGETABLE CHARCOAL, Charbon vegetable. Charcoal dust ground with water ; used to clarify seid | Brecu suack, Blue black. Beech wood burned in close vessels ; ground with white lead and oil produces a bluish-grey colour ; used as paint. Frankrort BLack. Made of the lees of wine, or argol, well washed and ground with water: used to make printers’ ink. =~ Noir v’Espacne, Suber ustum. Made of cork burnt in close vessels ; used as a colour in painting. PEACH-STONE BLACK. Peach stones, and the nuts of other stone fruits, as cherries, burnt in close vessels ; ground with white lead and oil it produces the colour called old gray. VINE-TWIG BLACK. Vine twigs burnt in close vessels ; bluish- black ; ground, mixed with white lead and oil, it produces a silver white colour. Rice BLack. From burnt rice ; is deficient in colour. CHARCOALS. 223 Sugar Buack, From sugar burned to a coal; deficient in body, but a warm colour for washing; works very free, and equal in mellowness to Indian ink. - Waueat sracx. From wheat burned to a coal; superior to lamp black, and equal to ivory black ; dries well and hard in pa hours with boiled oil only ; covers the ground well in one colouring. | _ Burnt sponce, Spongia usta. ‘The sponge being cut to pieces is well beaten to separate the sand it contains, and which makes up the far greater part of its weight, and is then burnt in a close ssel until it is black and friable ; used in bronchocele and scrofu- s complaints ; 3j—3iij in an electuary, or in lozenges held under the tongue. _ VEGETABLE a2tuiors, Pulvis quercus marine. From fucus vesiculosus, or bladder wrack, burned in a close vessel till it is black and friable: in bronchocele, &c., as the preceding; also prepared from the pila marina. | Ivory Biack, Cologne black, Cassel black, Ebur ustum nigrum, Spodium. From ivory shavings, or dust, heated in covered iron ts; used as a dentifrice and a paint; with white lead forms a eautiful pearl-grey colour. HartsHoxn Biack, Cornu ustum nigrum. Left in distilling hartshorn for the spirit. Bowne sxiackx, Animal charcoal, Charbon animal, Noir animal. The residuum left after the distillation of bone ; reddish; used for making blacking for leather, for moulding delicate founders’ work, for clarifying liquors, and for abstracting the lime used in making sugar from the syrup. Fink Bone BLACK, Noir de Piri. From turners’ bone dust, burned in covered iron skittle crucibles, and ground dry. Sold for ivory black, and, when finally levigated, for burnt lamp black. Fixx cuarcoar. From finks; used for clarifying. PRussIAN BLUE MAKERS’ BLACK, Noir de composition. The residuum from whence the prussiate of potash has been alixi- viated ; that of the manufactories which use dried blood clarifies far ay 9 than bone black, or than that of the manufactories that use s. Kitx-MADE coke, Stifled cohe. From coal burned in a pile oF open kiln; dull black; used as fuel, produces a very strong eat. Gas coxe, Distilled cohe. The remains of the coals used in making gas for lights; bright-grey, produces only a weak heat, not sufficient to smelt iron. CHARBON MINERAL, From bituminous slate, burned in 924 V. SIMPLE COMBUSTIBLES.— covered iron pots, black, easily friable; used to clarify liquids, but is considerably inferior to fiat black, and does not abstract the lime from syrup. ~ Russian Lamp Brack, Noir d Allemagne. Made by burning the chips of resinous deals, made from old fir trees, in tents, to the inside of which it adheres; mixed with linseed oil, is apt to take fire by itself; used as a paint. Burnt tame BLack. Lamp black heated ina covered iron ot to get rid of its greasiness: used as a water-colour; fine bone black is sold for it. Lamp siack, Fuligo lampadum. From distilled oil of bones burnt in lamps, with a long smoking wick: does not take fire with drying oils. Woop soot, Fuligo ligni. Collected from chimneys, under which wood is burnt for fuel; contains sulphate of ammonia ; bitter, antispasmodic. Bistre. From wood soot, or peat, by pulverization and washing over ; an excellent brown water-colour, superior to Indian ink for drawings, when they are not intended to be tinted with other colours. Cow-pune soot. 26lb. yield, by sublimation, 6lb. of grey sal ammoniac. Soot siacx. ‘The soot of coal fires, sifted, used as a coarse black colour for making grey mortar. SULPHURS. BRIMSTONE. , Native sutpHur. Lock sulphur, Prismatic sulphur, Sulphur nativum, Sulphur vivum citrinum. Found near volcanoes, fine yellow colour, burning away entirely, leaving no feces; used by silversmiths.—:S. vivum, S. nativum griseum. Found near Mount Vesuvius, grey, burns with a blue flame when heated, but the flame soon goes out, earthy ; principally used for the manufacture of brimstone and alum. Roven Brimstone, Brimstone, S. factitium, S. citrinum. Ob- tained by sublimation or by eliquation from pyrites and the other minerals containing sulphur ; yellow ; sold for S. vivum citrinum: from Italy.—S. v. griseum. Grey, impure. Rott BRIMSTONE, S. in rotulis, S. rotundum. ‘Brimstone, purified by redistillation, and poured into moulds; from Italy. Horsrk Brimstone, Dregs of sulphur vivum, S. caballinum, Sulphuris vivi recrementa. The feeces left in the purification or sublimation of sulphur; very impure; used in external applica- tion to the inferior cattle: sold for $. vivum griseum. ee - SuLpnurs. 925 _ Frowers or sutpnur, Flores sulphuris, Sulphur sublimatum. From brimstone, by sublimation, into large chambers built for the purpose ; pulverulent. WasHED FLOWERs or suLrHuR, Flores sulphuris loti, Sulphur sublimatum lotum. 'The common flowers washed with water to get rid of the acid. Sulphur is laxative, propelling the feces with very little stimulus to the system ; useful in piles, 3ss to ri nocte maneque ;_ diapho- retic, communicating its peculiar smell to the sweat; used inter- _ nally, and externally in ointments, as a specific in the itch and other cutaneous affections ; its suffocating fume, while burning, is used to whiten linen, straw bonnets, &c., and to kill bees and other insects ; equivalent, 2. Mik or sutpsor, Lac sulphuris. Sulphur 11b., quicklime ~ or subcarb. of potash 3lb., boil in a sufficient quantity of water, add dilute sulphuric acid q. s., and wash the sediment.—S. preci- ] Sulphur llb., fresh burned lime @lb., boil in water 4 ; filter, adding muriatic acid q. s., and wash the sediment till it is insipid ; used internally in preference to the flowers, pro- bably contains water. Liver or sutenur, Hepar sulphuris. Brimstone in powder 1lb., sube. of potash 3lb.; melted together in a covered vessel. Sutpneret or porasn, Kali sulphuretum, Potasse sulphuretum, P.L. 1809. Flowers of sulphur 3}, subc. of pot. 3v; melt to- gether the pr proportion according to theory, 2 sulph. with _ 5 potassium, (from 11 subcarb, potash) equiv. 7—Potasse sulphu- retum, P. L.1815. FI. sulph. 3j, subc. of pot. 3ij, melt.—Sz- phuretum kali, Sulphuretum potasse, P, EF. _¥F1. sulph, sube. pot. ana p. «@q.: mix and melt: expectorant, diaphoretic ; kg: in catarrh and cutaneous affections; dose gr. x to xv ; proposed as an antidote to arsenic, but of doubtful utility. Liquip Liver or sutruur, Aqua sulphureti hali. Flowers of sulphur 3ss, liq. potassee Zix ; boil for ten minutes, filter, and keep in well-closed vials; used as an antidote to mineral poisons : externally in tinea and the itch. - Boyte’s rumine Liquor, Tinctura sulphuris volatilis ;—Aqua sulphureti ammonia. Fresh burned lime Ziv, water ij; em and when cold, add sal ammoniac Ziv, flowers of sulphur ij; distil; used as a proof liquor for wine, but it requires the preci- pitate to be examined, by fusion, whether it be really lead. lopuret or sutruur, ‘Take of iodine four parts, sublimed sulphur one part, mix and heat gently in a bottle: the excess of iodine is separated, and the ioduret remains as a grey, needled mass which rapidly absorbs moisture and soon decomposes. Mr. Q 226 VI. M ETALS.—SuLPHURETS OF. Biett used an ointment formed of this and lard in tubercular affec- tions of the skin. PHOSPHORUS. PHospHorvus OF URINE, Kunckel’s phosphorus, Phosphorus urine, P. Kunckelii. From urine putrified and distilled in an iron pot, with a glass or stoneware head ; the residuum taken out, ground, put into small earthen retorts, and distilled with a very violent heat into water. 2. By pouring a solution of sugar of lead into urine, which precipitates a white powder, to be mixed with charcoal powder, and distilled with a violent heat into water. 8. Mix bone-ash 15]b., with 3 gall. of water, add oil of vitriol Glb. ; the next day add more water, strain through a sieve, and wash the sediment well with hot water; evaporate the waters mixed together to the consistence of a syrup, add charcoal dust sufficient to absorb it, and distil into water.—Inflammable at a very low heat, and therefore it must be kept under water ; purified by being kept in fusion in a glass tube under water until the impurities have settled ; principally used as an easier and speedier method of procuring fire than the common ; also used to analyse atmospheric air, and to form phosphoric ether: equivalent 1-5. VI. METALS. METALLIC SULPHURETS AND SIMILAR COM. BINATIONS. ANTIMONY. CRUDE ANTIMONY, [yes medicine, Prismatoidal antimony glance, — Surmach, Antimonium crudum. Found in mines, in long needles, formerly preferred for medical and chemical use. SMELTED ANTIMONY, Antimony, Sulphuret of antimony, Anti- ‘ monium fusum, Antimonii sulphuretum. From crude antimony, — by fusion and pouring into conical moulds ; diaphoretic, used in rheumatism, scrofula, and cutaneous diseases as an alterative, 3} to 3); given largely to horses, mixed with their food, to smooth — their coats; used in the arts to purify gold, and by the ladies, to — paint their eyebrows and eyelashes black ; composed of 5:5 anti- — mony with 2 sulph. equi. 75. MEDICINAL REGULUS OF ANTIMONY, Antimonium medicinale, — | VI. METALS.—Soxruvrers or. 227 antimonii medicinalis, Common antimony 5 oz., subcarb. of potash 1 oz., common salt 4 0z.; powder, mix, melt; when cold, separate the scoriz at top, powder the mass, and wash it well: more active than common antimony ; used_in some unknown _ Rostrum. _ ANTIMONTUM MEDICAMENTOsUM. Common antimony 5 oz., common salt 4 0z., nitre and argol ana | oz., mix, melt, grind, and wash well; used in some unknown nostrum. __ Liver or antimony, Hepar antimonti. Common antimony 2ib., potash 4ib. ; mix and melt ; emetic, in doses of gr. iij to vj, but mostly used as a violent purge for grease in horses’ heels, and _ for preparing sulphur baths for disorders of the skin, by adding an acid. ! 2 Antimony, saltpetre, ana 1lb., deflagrate and melt together. _ Keres mMinerat. Common antimony finely ground, 41b., subcarb. of potash 1lb., soft water 2 gall., boil for half an hour, ' filter, cools very slowly ; the kermes settles as it cools; the anti- _ mony left upon the filter may be boiled again several times with fresh subc. of potash and water. Composed of 6°5 protox. ant. with 2125 sulphuretted hydrogen, equiv. 8°625. .* ’ 2. Common antimony 16 oz., subcarb. of potash 8 oz., flowers of sulphur 1 oz.; mix, melt together, pour out; when cold, reduce the mass to powder, and boil in water q. s., filter while wee cy kermes precipitates as the water cools, and is to be well w . . Ciuze.i’s kermes. Prepared common antimony 3ss, sub- -earb, of soda 3x, distilled water a gallon; boil for half an hour, filter, let it settle, wash the precipitate with cold water which has ‘been recently boiled, dry the precipitate by a heat of 90 deg. Fahr. folded up in glazed paper to keep the air and light from it; produces a very dark crimson dat Bg of a smooth velvety rance. ‘This preparation occupies in foreign practice the pleed-alt: our James's powder, in doses of gr. ss to lij, as a dia- phoretic, cathartic, and emetic. GoLDEN suLPuvR or ANTIMONY, Sulphur auratum antimonii. After the alkaline liquor has deposited the kermes mineral, add any acid, generally the acetic, to throw down the golden sulphur; by adding the acid in separate portions, the precipitate may be obtained of different colours and strength, the first being redder rr stronger, the latter yellow and weaker. It may be used as - termes mineral, but requires a double or treble dose. | Sucrvuvr antimonit precivitatum, P. L. 1788, Antimonii sulphuretum preeipitatum, P. L, 1809. Common antimony pow- dered 2\b,, subcarb. of potash water 4lb,, water 3lb. ; boil for three a2 228 VI. METALS.—Sutruvrets or. hours, strain while hot, and add immediately dilute sulphuric acid to precipitate the sulphur ; wash and dry. . SULPHUR ANTIM. FUscuM. Common antimony, subcarb. of potash ana 1 oz.; melt together, powder, and dissolve in water 4lb.; let it cool; when cool, add dilute sulphuric acid q. s. to precipitate the remainder of the sulphur, agitate the mixture, that this last precipitate, which is yellow, may be mixed with the other ; wash and dry. Both these are mixtures of kermes mineral with golden sulphur of antimony, and, therefore, to be esteemed inferior to the former: dose, gr. j to v. . ARSENIC, OrpimMENT, Prismatoidal sulphur, Sesquisulphuret of arsenic, Hurtall, Yellow sulphuret of arsenic, Auripigmentum. Found in mines, yellowish green, with brilliant gold-coloured spangles ; used by painters ; caustic, composed of 4°75 black arsen., with 3 sulph. equiv. 7°%5.— King’s yellow, Hartal. From orpiment, by subli- mation ; from China, Japan, and the Burman empire. YELLOow ARSENIC, Yellow sulphuret of arsenic, Arsenicum flavum, A. citrinum. Made of 75 to 90lb. white arsenic, rough brimstone — 101b., by sublimation, or by distilling 100Ib. arsenical pyrites with — 10lb. of iron pyrites. From Germany. Rearcar, Red arsenic, Chinese vermilion, Mansil, Hemipris- maticysulphur, Red sulphuret of arsenic, Resigallum, Sandaracha Grecorum, Auripigmentum rubrum. In mines; fine red colour, like vermilion; used also by painters; composed of 2 sulphur — and 4°75 of black arsenic, equiv. 6°75. Made into cups, in which the juices of acid fruits being left become cathartic. From Japan — and the Burmah dominions.—Manocilleit. A coarse red orpiment, — sold in Lower India for a paint. Rep arsenic, Red sulphuret of arsenic, Arsenicum rubrum factitium. From arsenical and sulphureous pyrites distilled toge- ‘ther, or from powdery white arsenic, 34 cwt. sublimed with } ewt. — rough brimstone; the sublimate is afterwards melted and ladled into moulds, From Germany. MacNEs arsENIcaLis. Sulphur, white arsenic, and common — antimony, of each Ib. ; mix by fusion : corrosive. IRON. Iron prrites, Brass balls, Horse gold, Copperas balls, Hexa- hedral iron pyrites, Bisulphuret of tron. Native sulphuret of tron, — Pyrites ferri. Brass yellow, in balls or crystallized ; collected for — the manufacture of green vitriol. By exposure to the weather _ they are decomposed into a saline powder, from whence the vitriol _ — VI. METALS.—Svutpuurets or. 229 is extracted by elixiviation and crystallization. Comp. of 3-5 iron, with 4 sulph., equiv. 7:5. CHALYBS CUM SULPHURE PREPARATUS. With a red hot bar of steel melt a roll of brimstone, so that it may fall into a vessel __ of water ; separate the brimstone which falls at the same time into _ the water, and reduce the chalybs into a fine powder. |. Scrpnurer or iron. By melting iron filings, or scales of iron and brimstone, p. sq. in a covered crucible; melts easily, and takes sharp casts. _ Scrpuuretum rerrr. [ron filings 6 oz., flowers of sulphur _ 20z.; mix together, and melt in a covered crucible. Used in _ preparing hepatized ammonia. Brack Leap, Rhombohedral graphite-mica, Carburet of iron, _ Per carbure de fer, Plumbum nigrum, Cerussa nigra, Plumbago, hites. Found in mines; derives its name from its colour, composed of 92 parts iron and 8 charcoal; used for pencils, , ons, and the coarser sort to give a metallic lustre to other ies, or to diminish the friction, in cases where grease or oil would be improper. LEAD. Porrer’s LEAD ork, Sulphuret of lead; Galena. Found in mines, breaks in cubes; used by the potters in glazing earthen vessels, ? QUICKSILVER, Native cinnaBar, Peritomous rubyblende, Bisulphuret of quicksilver, Durdar, Cinnabaris. Found in mines ; liable to be confounded with realgar, or red arsenic ; composed of 25 quick- silver, with 4 sulph., equiv. 29. From Surat, China, and Batavia. Doren vermriion, Sulphuretum hydrargyri rubrum, P. E. Cinnabaris factitia. By grinding 170\b. of quicksilver and 50lb. of brimstone together, throwing the mixture by ladlesful into heated earthen sublimers, where it takes fire; the superfluous sulphur being consumed, the mouths of the vessels are then covered with tiles, which stops the conflagration, and the subli- mation commences, which is continued until the whole is risen up. From Holland. HyDRanGyrvs suLPuURATUS RUBER, Sulphuretum hydrargyri rubrum, P.D., P.L., 1809. Quicksilver 40 oz., sulphur 8 02,, sublime: diaphoretic; used in cutaneous diseases and gout, also as a vermifuge, gr. x to 3ss: externally, 3ss, thrown upon a red hot iron, is used as a fumigation to check the progress of venereal ulcers in the throat, nose, or mouth; totally volatile by heat, communicates no colour to spirit of wine. 230 VI. METALS.—Goxp. SULPHURET OF QUICKSILVER ? Cinnabaris antimonii. Ob- tained as a secondary product in the making of butter of anti- mony, by raising the fire after the butter has come over. 2. Quicksilver 15lb., rough brimstone, 5lb., common antimony lb. and a half; mix and sublime: brown red. Perhaps com- posed of 25 quick. with 2 sulph., equiv. 27. TIN. Avrum musivum, Bisulphuret of tin, Aurum mosaicum. Quicksilver, tin, sulphur, sal ammoniac, ana p. 2q., the tin being first melted, the quicksilver poured into it, and then the whole ground together, and sublimed in a bolt head: the Aurum musivum lies at the bottom; composed of 7:25 tin, with 4 of sulph., equiv. 11-25. | 2. Dissolve tin in muriatic acid, precipitate by subcarb. of soda, mix the precipitate with half its weight of sulphur, and sublime. 8. Tin filings, sulphur, sal ammoniac, ana p. q.; sublime. In these sublimations, if the fire is too great, only a grey sulphuret of tin is obtained. Used asa metallic gold colour in varnish work and sealing-wax. _ METALS. 4 GOLD. Grain coup, Aurum. Cupelled gold melted with sufficient silver to form only 1-4th of the mass, granulated by being poured from on high in a small stream into water, the silver dissolved away by nitric acid, and the grains heated to give them their proper lustre. Used to make preparations of gold; equivalent 25. Gotp Lear, Aurum foliatum, Aurum in libellis. Used to gild pills and other substances.—Party gold. Gilt silver hammered into leaves. SHELL coLD, Aurum in musculis. Grind the cuttings of gold se ati thick gum water, and spread the ground gold on colour shells. GoLp powDER, Aurum pulveratum. Grain gold, 1 0z., quick- _ silver, nearly boiling, 6 oz.; rub together; distil off the quick- — silver, or corrode it away with spirit of nitre, and heat the black powder that is left to redness. 2. Grain gold 1 oz. dissolve in aqua regia; add to the clear solution green vitriol 4 oz. dissolved in water: wash the precipi- tate, and heat it to redness, Used in painting, gilding, &c. VI. METALS.—Corrrr. 231 SILVER. __ Rertnep sitver, Argentum cupellatum. Silver cupelled with _ asufficient quantity of lead to scorify the copper mixed with it. _ Used to make preparations of silver. _ Pure sitver. Dissolve refined silver in nitric acid, add a olution of salt as long as any sediment falls; boil the sediment while still moist, along with water in a bright iron vessel ; wash and dry the silver. Equiv. 13:5. _ Sttver wear, Argentum foliatum. Used to cover pills and _ other substances. SHELL sitver, Argentum in musculis. Grind the cuttings of 1 Med leaf with strong gum water, and spread it in muscle shells. __ Used for writing silver-coloured letters, but tarnishes, and is inferior to argentum musivum, unless varnished over. i _ Sttver pus, Crocus argenti. Add slips of copper to a solu- _ tion of silver in spirit of nitre, and wash the precipitated metal with spirit of wine: used in japanning. QUICKSILVER. ; Quicksttver, Quik, Mercury, Argentum vivum, Mercurius, | Hydrargyrus, Hydrargyrum. Found native, but mostly extracted ‘om the native sulphurets. Given in obstinate costiveness to the extent of Ibj or Ibjss, in hopes of forcing a passa by its weight. _ Used by Witibigflders to dissolve their gold, by ooking-glass __ makers to soften their tinfoil, by barometer and thermometer _ makers for their instruments, and in some other arts. Imported ~ from Idria through Holland and Italy; from Spain, Nepaul, and Japan. | Puririrp aQuicksitver, Argentum vivum purificatum, Hy- drargyrus purificatus, Hydrargyrum purificatum. Distil it from an iron vessel. ‘The imported quik is so pure, and any adultera- tion, if attempted, so readily discoverable by workmen accus- to handle it, that this operation is superfluous. 2. Strain the quik that has been used by looking-glass makers h chamois leather. Used by apothecaries, when it can be got cheap, to make blue pill and mercurial ointment. _ %. Distil Dutch vermilion and iron filings of each 11b. into _ Water; equiv. 25. 7 COPPER. _ SHEET correr, Cuprum. This, like pewter, is used for making ctl phafmaceutical vessels, which are generally tinned on the inside: these vessels have been proscribed by the colleges upon insufficient grounds, since, like lead, it cannot be dissolved while ty 932 VI. METALS.=Lerap: tin is co-existent in the mixture. When acids are boiled in vessels, part of whose tin lining is abraded, the acids take up some of the tin, and deposit it on the abraded part, thus repairing the damage in the same manner as brass pins are tinned, by boiling with tin filings and cream of tartar. Acid syrups and stews are and have been prepared for centuries in untinned copper vessels without any ill effects, although in gentlemen’s houses and ele- gant inns they have occasionally produced of late direful effects: but the common cooks use only pewter spoons for stirring, and by leaving them in the liquid, render the acids ineffective upon copper, which effect is not produced by the silver spoons of supe- rior establishments, Although the salts of copper are violent emetics, yet 3j of filings has been taken against the rheumatism ; and Rouelle used to exhibit in his lectures a lock of green hair he had himself cut from the head of an aged founder, who had much used that remedy. Equiv. 4. Bean-suHot copper. In small lumps, like ~~ or kidney- beans. Made by pouring a thin stream of melted copper into boiling water. FEATHER-sHOT copPpER. In small thin rounds, with a fea- thered edge; by pouring the copper into cold water. Both are used for making solutions of copper. BronzE PowDER, Aurum sophisticum. Verdigris 8 oz., tutty 4: oz., borax, nitre, ana 2 oz., corrosive sublimate 3ij, made into a paste with oil, and melted together: used in japan work as a gold colour. IRON. Tron ritines, Ferri limature. Tonic and astringent; used in chlorosis, gr. v—x, bis terve in die.—Jron turnings, Lerri ramenta, L'. scobs.—Iron wire, Ferri fila. Only used in preparations, being the purest, which alone can be drawn into wire; equiv. 3. Sree, Chalybs, Mars. Made from iron, by stratifying or melting it with charcoal, of which it takes up a minute portion: the filings are sometimes used as a stimulant and tonic; also in fireworks. : LEAD. GRANULATED LEAD. By melting new lead, pouring it in a small stream, from an iron ladle with a hole drilled in its bottom, into a pail of water ; equiv. 13. Leap bust, Pulvis Plumbi. By melting new lead, adding bruised charcoal, and diffusing the lead among it, then pounding and washing away the charcoal; used by potters. Pewter. Lead hardened with tin, and in the best kinds with se tales page! ? erAray mh > ~ ee ae a _ afterwards pressed out of it by VI. METALS.—Bismuru. 233 antimony. Used for making vessels, which have been proscribed by the colleges. Proust, however, has shown (Journ. de Phys. for 1806) that acids boiled in pewter vessels took up none of the lead, which they will not touch while tin is present ; that when even a solution of sugar of lead was boiled in a pewter vessel, the lead was precipitated in its metallic state, and tin extracted from the vessel: lemon juice, diluted with water, left for a day and a night in the coarsest pewter vessels, did not dissolve an atom of lead, but acted only on the tin. TIN. Grain tix. From the native oxide of tin collected in the Cornish stream works ; equiv. 7°25. Trxroit, Stannum foliatum, Stanniolum. In thin leaves; used for ornament and to cover the hind surface of looking-glasses, being softened with a small ey, of quicksilver, which is eavy weights. Tin Fitines, Limature stanni ;— Powder of tin, Pulvis stanni. Melt grain tin in an iron mortar, and stir it, while cooling, until it becomes a powder, then sift it. GRraNnvuLaTED TIN, Stannum granulatum. Melt grain tin, and pour it into a wooden box rubbed on the inside with chalk, put on a cover that fits close, and shake it violently, till the metal is reduced to powder; wash off the chalk, and dry the grain. Vermifuge, in doses of 31j—3ss. SPELTER. Sreivrer, Vine, Zincum. From lapis calaminaris, mixed with charcoal and distilled ; or sublimed, as a secondary product, in the fusion of some German ores; used to produce galvanism, and in fireworks ; equiv. 4°25. AMALGAM oF zINc, Amalgama zinci. 'To zine 2 0z., heated in a cracible, add quicksilver 5 0z., also heated. Used to spread upon the rubbers of electrical macliines. BISMUTH. Tin eGtass, Bismuth, Etain de glace, Marcasita argentea. Eliquated from its ores. Used in metallic mixtures to communi- cate fusibility; also in powder, as an imitation of silver for writing and painting ; equiv. 9. Fusisie meta. Bismuth 2 oz., lead 5 oz., tin 3 oz., melted together; melts in boiling water. Used to write on asses’ skin, or paper prepared by rubbing burnt hartshorn into it; also for toy-spoons, to surprise children by their melting in hot liquors, 934 VIL METALS.—Cozarr. SMITH’s SOLDER For TIN. . Lead, tin, of each 4 oz., bismuth 8 0z.; will melt in boiling water. ONION’s FUSIBLE METAL. Lead 8 oz., tin 2 0z., bismuth 5 oz. ; melts at 197 deg. Fahr. ARGENTUM MUsIvUM. Bismuth, tin, ana 2lb.; melt together, and add quicksilver 1lb.: brittle; used as a silver colour. ANTIMONY. Recutvs oF ANTIMONY, Regulus, Antimony, Stibium, Regulus antimonii. From common antimony, saltpetre, and argol, ana p. geq., pulverized, injected by degrees into a red hot crucible, and melted; the regulus settles at the bottom; equiv. 5:5. 2. Common antimony 16 oz., tartar 12 0z., nitre 6 oz.; melt, and pour out into a ‘uel Shee ; when cold, separate the regu- lus, and if required to be very pure, remelt it once or twice; throw upon it, whilst in fusion, 1 oz. of nitre, and keep it melted for a quarter of an hour. | 3. Common antimony, 16 oz., calcine ina shallow vessel till no sulphureous vapour arises from it, taking care it does not melt, which requires 10 hours at least ; it yields 12 oz., 5 dr., 24 gr., of calx ; mix this with as much soft soap, and melt: produces 9 oz., 6 dr. 54 gr. of regulus. MARTIAL REGULUS OF ANTIMONY, Regulus antimonti mariialis, R. a. stellatus. Upon 1b. and a half of small nails heated to redness in a crucible, throw a mixture of 1lb. common antimony, 4 oz. nitre, and 2 oz. tartar: melt and pour out, separate the regulus, and remelt it three or four times, thrawing upon it each time 2 oz. nitre——Regulus is used to form small cups, in which wine, being let to stand for a night, becomes emetic, or balls are made of it, which are infused in wine for the same pur- pose ; also to harden lead, and thus make a compound metal fit for the best kind of pewter and for printers’ types. Recoxus Jovis. Made by melting regulus of antimony with tin, generally in equal quantities, and casting it into the form of a cup, for rendering wine emetic; is less brittle than the pure regulus. ‘These metals, mixed in various proportions, are used for making mirrors, medals, &c. : COBALT. Coxatt, Regulus of cobalt. Wash zaffre 1b., by which means about 5 or 6 oz. of calcined quartz, or sand, may be separated from it; mix the washed zaffre with soft soap, and melt it with a violent heat ; produces about 3 or 4 0z.; equivalent 3°25. 2. Roast Cornish bright white cobalt ore, then smelt the oxide with twice as much soft soap. VI. METALS.—Oxipes or. 935 ARSENIC. Brack arsenic, Metallic arsenic, Regulus of arsenic, Arsenic, Arsenicum nigrum, Regulus arsenici. From powdery white arsenic distilled with charcoal dust and some iron or lime to hinder any sulphur from rising. Used to whiten copper; equivalent 4°75. ~Coxsatt, Mort a mouches, Fliegen stein. A mixture of black and white arsenic collected in the neck of the distilling vessels in making black arsenic: sold to poison flies. NICKEL. Seizss. A metallic compound that collects at the bottom of the pots in making smalt; used to make nickel. Waite correr, Pak fong, Tutenague. A compound métal brought from China; contains 15 nickel, 28 spelter, and 21 cop- per, malleable. METALLIC OXIDES. . GOLD. PURPLE PRECIPITATE, Cassius’ purple, Precipitatum Cassii. Solution of gold in aqua regia, 1 oz., distilled water 1]b. and a half; mix, and hang in the liquid slips of tin. 2. Precipitate a dilute solution of gold by a dilute solution of muriate of tin, with a slight excess of acid. Used to communi- cate a purple colour to glass, when melted in an open vessel: in a close vessel the glass receives no colour. Crocus or corp, Oxide of gold, Crocus solis. Dissolve gold in aqua regia made of common salt, add subcarb. of are q. 5. to precipitate the whole. Used in venereal and scrofulous com- ts: also to colour glass purple, but it is difficult to produce y either of these means an equable colour. If heated strongly, it recovers its metallic lustre, and may be used for true gold 4 eae, The gold that remains in the solution being nearly one- . is j € is separated by adding a solution of green vitriol. QUICKSILVER. Airutors ver sz. By shaking quicksilver in a large bottle, or by triturating it with water; pulverulent, black. Fiypmancyri oxypum cinereum, P. L. Boil calomel 3) in a gallon of lime-water; wash the grey sediment with water, and dry it. Comp. of 25 quicks. and 1 oxyg.; equiv. 26. Proroxtpe or quicksitver, Pulvis hydrargyri cinereus. Quicksilver 3ij, dilute nitric acid 3ij, distilled water 3viij, aqua 236 VI. METALS.—Oxinzs or. subcarbonatis ammoniz q. s. (about 3jss), to precipitate the oxide: wash and dry. OxIDUM HYDRARGYRI CINEREUM, P. E. Quicksilver 3iv, dilute nitric acid 3v, distilled water 3xv, aqua subcarbonatis am- moniz q.s. Dissolve the metal in the acid, dilute the solution with the water, precipitate with the alkali: wash and dry the precipitate. Totally different from the London oxide of the same name: all these are used in syphilis, and are not apt to disorder the stomach and bowels. Dose gr. j—1ij, bis in die. CaLcIneD MERCURY, Precipitate per se, Peroxide of quicksilver, Mercurius precipitatus per se, Mercurius caleinatus, Hydrargyrus caleinatus, Hydrargyri oxidum rubrum, Oxidum hydrargyri. By exposing a thin stratum of quicksilver to the action of heat suffi- cient to keep it boiling, in a flat-bottomed matrass, called Boyle’s hell, contrived to admit air without letting the vapour of the quicksilver escape. In red scales, darker than red precipitate ; may be used for the same purposes. Comp. of 25 quicks., 2 oxyg.; equiv. 27. Rep PRECIPITATE, Mercurius corrosivus ruber. Quik, aq. fortis composita, ana 1b.j; dissolve, decant, and evaporate on a sand heat, until it becomes red. HyDRARGYRUS NITRATUS RUBER. Quik, nitric acid, ana xij, acid muriat. 3); dissolve and evaporate to dryness. MERcURIUS PREHCIPITATUS corRosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico- oxidum, Oxidum hydrargyrit nitricum, Oxidum hydrargyri rubrum per acidum nitricum. By dissolving quicksilver jin nitric acid, with heat, and evaporating till a dry mass is left, which is then calcined in a broad, shallow vessel, until it no longer emits red vapours. 3 2. Quik 36 oz., dissolve in aquafortis 60 oz., digest two days to clear it, distil to dryness in a gallon retort, pour on a similar solution, and distil again to dryness: for this, six retorts are required, set in a sand heat: ile the mass in three retorts, with receivers, set in separate furnaces. In the first three hours, flowers should settle in the arch of the retorts; in the next three, they should be driven into the neck ; in the last three, the matter in the retorts should become first yellow, then orange, lastly ver- milion red; the fire being then stopped, the residuum will be a shining red scaly mass, of a proper marketable quality. The aquafortis that comes over may be used over again, adding a quarter of fresh acid. - Anti-syphilitic, gr. ss—-ij nocte maneque, but principally used externally, as an escharotic and stimulant to _ foul ulcers, for which purpose it must be very finely pulverized. GREEN PRECIPITATE, Mercurius precipitatus viridis, Lacerta viridis. Dissolve quicksilver 3} in nitric acid q. s.; at the same a ze. asta ee oe VI. METALS.—Ox pes or. 237 time dissolve also copper 3j in another parcel of nitric acid; mix the two solutions, evaporate to dryness, and calcine the residuum in a shallow vessel till no more red fumes appear ; caustic. LEAD. Dross or Leap, Plumbum ustum. Melt lead, and rake off the scum till it ts entirely reduced to dross. Massicor, Protoxide of lead, Ochra plumbaria factitia. Roast anys lead ore, or dross of lead, until 1t acquires a yellow colour, sed as a paint; comp. of 13 lead, 1 oxyg.; equiv. 14. LiruHarce oF coin, Lithargyrus auri. Yellow, impure. Lirnarce or sitvenr, Lithargyrus argenti. White; obtained in the extraction of silver; from Germany. Encuisu titnarce, Lithargyrus, Plumbi oxidum semivitreum. Made by melting red lead; used in making plaisters, being more convenient than red lead, and from its vated scaly appearance it cannot be adulterated. In grinding litharge, 12 oz. of olive oil are usually added to each cwt. to prevent dust. Rep Leap, Minium, Plumbi oxidum rubrum. By roasting litharge in a flaming fire; used in making plaisters, and as a paint; reduced by red earths, a mixture of the protoxide and deutoxide of lead. Orancx rep, Sandix. Made by calcining white lead; is a brighter colour than red lead. IRON. Loapstone, Magnes. Found in iron mines ; astringent; used externally to draw iron out of wounds, also as an amulet against the gout, and to draw over or stroke certain parts in painful dis- eases, as a magical remedy. | Bioop-stone, Lapis hematitis, Hematitis. Found in mines; made into “romp and when prepared, used also as a polishing- powder; drying, astringent, agglutinating. Scares or 1non, Black oxide of iron, Protoxide of iron, Squame ferri, Oxidum ferri nigrum. The scales of iron beaten off by the blacksmith in his work, separated from the dirt by means of a magnet, reduced to powder in a mortar, and washed over; do not occasion flatulence. Composed 3°5 iron and 1 ox.; equiv. 4°5. AEruiors Martiaris. Keep iron pai under water, shaking them oceasionally ; wash the black powder, and dry quickly to _ prevent its rusting, CHALYDS PRErARATUS cum aceTo. Wet steel dust with white wine vinegar, expose it to the sun; repeat this often, then _ levigate. 238 VI. METALS.—OxipEs or. Crocus MarTIs, Peroxide of iron, Potée dacier, C. mariis astringens, Oxidum ferri rubrum. Calcine iron or steel filings till they become of red colour. Composed of 3°5 iron and 1:5 ox.; equiv. 5. | Crocus MARTIS aPERitivus, P. L. 1720, C. M. sulphuratus. Melt together equal parts of iron filings and sulphur, and calcine the mass till all the sulphur is driven off. ) Roveu cotcotnar, Brown red, Common Indian red, Rouge @ Angleterre. By recalcining green vitriol (previously calcined to whiteness, or distilled for its oil,) until it becomes very red. WasHeEp cotcoTuaR, Indian red, Trip, Terra dulcis vitrioli. Wash rough colcothar, or the residuum left in the distillation of aquafortis, till all the saline matter is abstracted ; scarlet. Crocus. Calcine washed colcothar in a violent heat, until it becomes purplish or bluish ; very hard; used for polishing. Fine crocus. Green vitriol and salt, of eaclt Ilb., grind toge- ther, heat to a cherry red for some hours, and wash; violet brown, soft to the touch; spread with soap upon razor-strops. JEWELLERS ROUGE. Precipitate a solution of green vitriol in water, by a solution of pearl ash, and calcine till of a scarlet colour. All these are tonic, stimulant, gr. v. tox. Used in the com- position of astringent drying and strengthening plaisters and ointments; employed also for polishing metals, and as pigments. TIN. STtannumM poLtvEratuM, P. L. 1788. Tin 6lb., melt, and stir till it becomes covered with a powder, which take off, and when cold sift. PoTEE D’ETAIN, Polisher’s putty, Calcine, Cineres stanni. Melt tin, rake off the dross as it is formed, and caleine this dross till it becomes whitish. 2. Melt tin with an equal weight, or one ounce and a half of lead, and then raise the heat so as to render the mixed metal red hot, when the tin is immediately flung out in the state of putty. Both are very hard, used for polishing glass and japan work, and to colour opaque white enamel. BEzoARDICUM JOVIALE, Peroxide of tin. 'Tin 1 oz., nitre 3 oz., flung into a red hot crucible, and the calx well washed: composed of 7:25 tin with 2 oxyg., equiv. 9°25, Awticuecticum Porsrir. Tin, regulus of antimony, ana p. eq. melted together, then deflagrated with three times as much nitre, and well washed; are astringent, 9j to 1); used in phthisis. ~ ___ . Dissolve cobalt in muriatic acid, and add subcarb. of potash water ; filter and wash: used in rheumatism, METALLIC SUB-SALTS. GOLD. _ Avrum FuLMINANs, Oxidum auri ammoniatum. Dissolve a few Tiga: of grain-gold in aqua regia made with common salt, or by the mixture of the acids, and add liquid ammonia, to preci- ‘pitate the gold. | _ 2%. Dissolve gold in aqua regia made with sal ammoniac, and precipitate the gold with subcarb. of potash water ; requires much tare, as it explodes with the utmost violence on the least friction, or a very slight heat: its fulminating quality may be destroyed, and the recovered, by boiling it in oil of vitriol or oil of tar- tar, as also by mixing it with sulphur, and exposing it to a gentle fire, which burns the sulphur away ; it first becomes purple, and appears in its metallic form. Aurum fulminans is sedative, é tispasmodic, and carminative ; used in spasmodic colic, in doses of gr. iij—vj. ) SILVER. _ Foximryatinxe sitver, B elli’s fulminating powder. Dis- solve silver gr. xl, in nitric acid 3ij, or lunar caustic 3), in dis- tilled water Zij; to this solution add spirit of wine 3ij, and boil the mixture in a retort, or flask, so that the condensed steam may run back into the boiling liquid ; a white crystalline powder forms at the bottom; when no more seems to form, let it cool; wash fulminating silver with river water, and dry it between bibu- paper, but without heat. Explodes with the slightest friction: asmall portion, about 1-3d of a grain, being put in the middle of abit of silver paper, the edge of which is smeared with paste, a le of is then wrapped up in this paper ; the bubble thus will explode, if thrown upon the ground or trod upon; is a good alarm, if put in places where it may be trodden upon by thieves, &c. R2 244 VI. METALS.—Svs-sars. QUICKSILVER, MINERAL TURBITH, Queen's yellow, Turpethum muinerale, Mercurius emeticus flavus, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus, Oxidum hy. drargyri sulphuricum, Subsulphas hydrargyri flavus. _ Corrode quicksilver by boiling it in about an equal weight of oil of vitriol to dryness; the white mass_is then flung into a large quantity of boiling water, it immediately changes to a yellow powder, to be well washed and dried; emetic in doses of gr. ij—viij; useful in inveterate gonorrhcea;. as a preservative against hydrophobia ; alterative, gr. j—ij, in leprosy and obstinate glandular obstruc- tions; as an errhine, diffused among other powders; and a fine © yellow pigment. Contains 27 peroxide of quik and 5 sulph. acid; equiv. 32. | | SwEET suBLIMATE, Calomel, Protochloride of mercury, Mercurius dulcis sublimatus, Calomelas, Hydrargyri submurias, Murias pro- — toxydi hydrargyri, Submurias hydrargyri sublimatum. Grind 40\b. — of corrosive sublimate with 30lb. of quicksilver, sublime the grey wder ; powder and wash the sublimate with boiling water. Sold for calomel and panacea mercurialis. : CatomEL, Mercurius dulcis sexies sublimatus, Calomelas. Re- peat the sublimation six times. PANACEA MERCURIALIS. Repeat the sublimation nine times, that the Mercurius dulcis may be rendered still milder. SWEET pREcIPITATE, Protochloride of mercury, Mercurius— dulcis precipitatus, Hydrargyrus muriatus mitis, Submurias hy- publ ki precipitatum, S. hydrargyri precipitatus. Dissolve quicksilver in nitric acid by boiling, observing to have more quicksilver than the acid will take up, pour off the solution into a boiling brine, composed of common salt equal to half the weight of the quicksilver, A euleed in water in the proportion of about half an oz. of salt to a pint: the precipitate thus produced is to be well washed and dried. | FLowERrs oF CALOMEL. Distil calomel in a low retort, having a very short and wide neck, so disposed in the furnace that the neck of the retort, being too hot for the calomel to settle there, it may be driven over into a large receiver half filled with hot water, and kept so as to steam: the sublimate is in the form of a fine white powder.—Dose, as alteratives, gr. }—ij nocte maneque; if they do not pass through the bowels, they affect the mouth, which may be avoided by joining purgatives with them; as cathartics, gr. v to vilj or x; but calomel was formerly, and still by some persons, given in doses of 9]; contains quik 25, with chlorine 4°55 equiv. 29°5, : 4) lige i. - VI. METALS.—Svs-satrs. 245 Waire preciritatr, Mercurius precipitatus albus, Calx hy- drargyri alba, Murias hydrargyro-ammoniacale, Hydrargyrus “nr ene albus, the Hydrargyrum precipitatum album of the Ph armacopeeia, and the Hydrargyri submurias ammoniatum — of the Dublin. Dissolve corrosive bat foe ye and sal ammoniac, ana vp in half a gallon of water, add half a pint of liq. potas. subcarb., wash the precipitate and dry. Herbs Hyprareyrum eraciriratum atsum. Corrosive sublimate _ $yj, sal ammoniac @iiij, lig. potass. subcarb. half a pint, distilled water four pints, proceed as above. SUBMURIAS HYDRARGYRI aAMMoNIATUM. Add to the liquor poured off from the sweet precipitate in its manufacture, liq. ammoniz q. s. to throw down a new precipitate ; wash this with cold distilled water, and dry it on blotting-paper; confounded with sweet precipitate, does not become black when rubbed with lime water ; externally, to make a detergent ointment, in scabies _ and other cutaneous affections.—Officinal preparations. Unguent. Hydrargyri precip. albi., Z.D. : Furminatine mercory. Dissolve 100 gr. of quik in nitric acid zjss by meas. ; pour the solution into 2o0z. by meas. of alcohol, heat till an effervescence takes place ; the fulminating quicksilver gradually forms as a white powder, to be well washed. and dried. Used as priming for fowling-pieces. PROTOPHOSPHATE OF QUICKSILVER, Phosphas protoxydi hy- drargyri. Dissolve quik in nitric acid, add a solution of phosphate of st as long as a sediment falls, wash and dry the white sedi- ment; contains 26 protoxide of quicksilver, and 6°75 phosphoric acid, equiv. 32°75 ; dose, gr. ss to gr. j. _Topare or quicxsitveR, lodas hydrargyri. Add a solution of iodate of potash to the nitric solution of quicksilver, the iodate of quicksilver falls down; resembles Turpethum minerale; con- tains 190 quik, 7-5 oxygen, and 112°5 iodic acid. Borate or quicxsitver, Boras hydrargyri. Borax saturated with soda 265 gr, calomel 222 gr.; grind together, adding, when well mixed, a little water; then fill the mortar with water, and let the red precipitate settle, wash and dry. 2. Precipitate the solution of quik in nitric acid by a solution of borax ; white. NITRAS HYDRARGYKI AMMONIATO-NITRICUM. Dilute nitric acid Ib. j,.add carbonate of ammonia-water zvj ; when the effer- Vescence is over, add quik ¢viij, dissolve, evaporate, and crys- tallize. ' Protoropipe oF quicKsiLvEeR, Protoiodure de mercure. Pro- tonitrate of quicksilver 100 gr., dissolve in water 400 gr., filter, i ha 246. VI. METALS.—Svus-saurs. add solution of hydriodate of potash as long as any sediment falls, wash and dry; yellow; used to make an ointment, tincture, and pills; contains 15°5 iodine, with 25 quik ; equiv. 40°5 ‘This pre- paration should be preserved in a well-stopped bottle, and kept out of the solar light. It is used for making the ointment of the protoiodurets of mercury. There are pills also of the pro- toioduret. | ‘ DEvTOIODIDE OF QUICKSILVER, Deutoiodure de mercure. Dis- solve corros. sublim. 70 gr. in water; dissolve also hydriodate of potash, 100 gr. in water; mix the two solutions by degrees, filter, wash and dry ; crimson, contains 31 iod. with 25 quik ; equiy. 56. Used to make an ointment, tincture, and pills. | COPPER. Green Bick, Malachite, Viride montanum optimum, Chryso- ¢olla, Hemiprismatic habroneme-malachite, Green carb. of copper. Composed of 10 perox copp. 75 carb. ac. and 1:25 water; equiv. | 13°875. - Copper GreEN, Cendres bleues cuivrées, Viride montanum vulgare, Uncleavable staphyline-malachite, Dicarb. of copper ;—' Blue bice, Caeruleum montanum, Lapis Armenus fe oda | Prismatie azure-malachite, Blue carbonate of copper. Contains’ — 15 carb. of copp. and 6125 protohydrate of copper ; equiv. 21°625. — All are found in mines, and prepared, by grinding and washing, — for paints. | - ReFrners’ vErDITER, SANDER’s BLUE, CENDRES BLEUES, Azurum cinereum. From the solution of, copper obtained in pre- — ne silver from nitric acid by heating it with copper; this: solution is heated and poured upon whiting moistened with water ; the mixture stirred for several hours every day, till the liquor, | loses its colour, when it is poured off, and a fresh portion of the solution poured on, until the proper colour is obtained. . _ VERDITER BLUE, Cendres bleues superfins en pate. Solution of blue vitriol at 35 deg. Baume, 240 pints; solution of muriate of. lime, at 40 deg. Baume, 180 pints; mix, decant the clear liquor, and wash the sediment with the washings of a former operation at — 8 or 10 deg. : add the first washings to the clear muriate of copper, until it begins to fall below 20 deg. Baume, the produce will be about 670 pints. Mix 1001b. of quicklime with 300lb. of water, and add 70 to 85lb. of this lime cream to the muriate of copper ;_ trying the liquor with ammonia-water whether it gives the proper shade ; if too blue, more lime cream must be added: then wash the green sediment, of which there will be about 500lb.; saving these washings. Dry a parcel of this sediment to find how much — dry material it will yield. To as much moist green paste as con= ‘ a. _ VI. METALS—Sur-satrs. 247 tains 27lb. of dry stuff, add 1b. ofthe lime cream, and 7-10ths of a pint of Lash water, at 15 deg; Baume, and grind it as quick sapendbls ic a colour mill. Disolve 21D, of grey sal moe niae in 4 pints of water, and 4 lb, of blue vitriol in another 4 pints of water; put the ground colour into a stone bottle, and add at the same time the blue-vitriol-water, and the sal-ammoniac water, cork well, wax, and leave it for four days. ‘Turn out four of the bottles into a brandy hogshead, fill it up with water, which renew - once a day in winter, and twice a day in summer, for eight times, stirring up the sediment whenever fresh water is added ; then stir up, and strain.—Cendres bleues fin en pate. Put in +b, lime _ cream, and } Ib. white sal ammoniac.—Cendres bleues no. 1 en pate _ Use 2ib. of lime cream, and } 1b. of white sal ammoniac. Used in painting paper-hangings, mostly for the ground colour, but is soon altered by the sun.—Cendres bleues superfins en pierre. Dry _ the moist superfine blue on white wood trays.—Cendres bleues Jjins en pierre. The dried fine moist blue, used as a water- colour. The washings above 10 deg. Baume, are boiled to 40 deg. and, being almost entirely muriate of lime, are mixed with it. Those below 10 deg. are used to wash the first sediment, or sul- phate of lime. Verpirer GrEeen. The process for refiners’ verditer often miscarries, and a green colour is produced instead of a blue. __ _Bronswick crren. Dissolve blue vitriol in a large quantity _ of water, and add spirit of urine, or rough bone spirit, as long as Viride eris, Cupri subacetas. Prepared by putting p any sediment falls; decant, wash and dry the sediment; the liquor is used to make sal ammoniac. Roven verpieris, Vert de Gréce, Diacetate of copper, Airugo, fates of cop- per into a cask between layers of vine twigs, and moistening them with sour wine; emetic internally, in very small doses; exter- _ nally caustic; much used as a paint: from France, composed of 10 ox. copp. 6°25 ac. and 6°75 water ; equiv. 23. EyGtisu verpicris. By corroding copper with rough pyro- ligneous acid and tartar. _ Ainvco rrerarata. Rough verdigris q. p. grind with water; add more, and pour off the coloured water into another vessel, where let it settle ; then pour away the water, and dry the sediment, repeating this washing with the remainder, until all is either dissolved or washed over. ScHEELE'S GREEN, Arseniate of copper. Precipitate a solution of blue vitriol 2lb. in water 6 gallons, by a solution of white arsenic 1loz., and pearl-ash 2lb., in boiling water 2 gallons, and wash the precipitate; produce ilb, 80z.; used as a paint. \ 248 - Vie METALS.—Sos-satrs.: _ ScHWEINFURT GREEN, Vienna green, Vert de mitis.. Dissolve verdigris 1]b. in vinegar, and pour into it a solution of 11b. white arsenic in water; add more vinegar to dissolve the sediment ; evaporate and crystallize. The crystals are a fine bluish green. 2. Boil 10lb. of the crystals with a solution of 11b. of potash ; this will take off the blue tinge. Es ustum. Copper, rough brimstone, ana p. 2q. laid in strata, common salt, a small quantity sprinkled on each layer, exposed to the fire till the brimstone is burned out: when one piece is rubbed against another, it ought to have a red colour like cinnabar ; caustic. LEAD. FLAKE WHITE, Fine white, Carbonate of lead, Cerussa vera, Plumbi carbonas, P. subcarbonas, P. oxidum album. Made by suspending rolls of thin sheet-lead over malt vinegar, or pyro- ligneous acid, in close vessels, the evaporation from the acid being ei up by the vessels being placed in a heap of dung, or a steam _ bath, : NorTiINGHAM WHITE. Made with alegar; does not discolour so soon as the common. -NrewcasTLE wHitE. Made with molasses vinegar. GRACE’S WHITE LEAD. Made with the refuse water of the starch-makers, the phlegm obtained in distilling rough turpentine, brewers’ grains, and exhausted hops, and any other similar matters. FRENCH WHITE LEAD, Blanc de plomb. Dissolve litharge in dilute acetic acid, and pass carbonic acid gas through the solution. Fine white lead is astringent, cooling; used externally, or em- ployed as paint, mixed with nut or old poppy oil; it should be completely soluble in nitric acid, and the solution should not yield a precipitate when added to a solution of sulphate of soda; con- tains 14 protox. lead, with 2°75 carb. acid; equiv. 16°75. WILKiINson’s wHITE. Grind litharge with sea water, until its whiteness does not improve. MINERAL waite. Dissolve lead or litharge in nitric acid, add a solution of subcarb. of potash, as long as any sediment falls ; wash and dry. WHITE PRECIPITATE OF LEAD, Sulphate of lead. Litharge 1lb., strong nitric acid 40z., water 80z.; after some time decant, add oil of vitriol as long as a sediment falls: pour off the liquor back on the litharge. A fresh solution will take place, and this may be continued until the whole of the litharge is changed into _ the white precipitate. Used as a white colour in miniature painting, — being both beautiful and durable. ~ VI. METALS.—Son-satts.. 249. Parent Yettow, Muriate of lead, Chloride of lead. Common salt 1 ewt., litharge 4 ewt., ground together with water, kept for some time in a gentle heat, water iy added to supply the loss by evaporation, the subcarb. of soda then washed out with more water, and the white residuum heated till it acquires a fine yellow colour: used as a paint. Naptes yettow. Lead llb. and a half, common antimony Ilb., alum and common salt of ea. 1oz.: calcined together. 2. Flake white 120z., diaphoretic antimony 2o0z., calcined alum half an oz., sal ammoniac 1oz., calcine in a covered crucible, with a moderate heat, for three hours, so that at the end of that it may be barely red-hot: with a larger proportion of diaphoretic antimony and sal ammoniac, it verges to a gold colour. Used as a yellow colour. IRON. PrussiAN BLUE, Cyanuret of iron, Hydrocyanate of iron, Ceru- leum Berolinense. Argo] and saltpetre, 2lb. of each, throw by degrees into a red-hot crucible. Dry bullock’s blood over the fire, in an iron pan, mix 2lb. of this dry blood with the prepared salt, calcine it in a crucible till it no longer emits a flame; then dissolve common alum 41b. in water 26 pints, and strain the solu- tion; dissolve also dried green vitriol 1lb. in water 4 pints, and strain while hot ; mix the two solutions together while boiling-hot ; dissolve the alkaline salt calcined with blood in 30 pints water, and filter through paper supported upon linen ; mix this with the other solution, and strain through linen: put the sediment left upon the linen, while moist, into an earthen pan, and add spirit of salt 1lb. and a half, stir the mass, and when the effervescence is - over, dilute with plenty of water, and strain again; lastly, dry the sediment. Used for preparing the cyanuret of mercury. _ 2. Mix Lb. of Dantzic potash with 2lb. each of dried blood and horns, put it into an iron pot, and keep it in a red heat till it no longer flames or smokes; take out the pasty mass, when cold dissolve it in water, filter, evaporate, crystallize, and redissolve the crystals in a pint and half of water. ‘Then take green vitriol Ilb., common alum 1lb. to 4lb., mix and dissolve them in a good quan- uty of water, by boiling, and filter while hot; precipitate this solution by the solution of prepared alkali, and filter. The pre- cipitate will be the darker the less alum is added; but at the same time it will be greener from the great admixture of the oxide of iron which is precipitated, and which must be got rid of by add- ing, while it is moist, spirit of salt, diluting the mixture with water, and straining. | 5. Precipitate a solution of green vitriol with the solution of prepared alkali, and purify the precipitate with spirit of salt; pre- 250 VI. METALS.—Sop-sauts. cipitate a solution of common alum with a solution of subcarb. of potash: mix the two sediments together while diffused in warm water, strain and dry: a fine blue colour, but apt to turn red. PrusstaN GREEN. ‘The sediments of the two first processes for making Prussian blue, before they have had the muriatic acid added to them. 2. Pour oxymuriatic acid upon fresh precipitated Prussian blue. Burnt Prussran BLUE. From Prussian blue heated in a crucible; it is as good a colour as mummy, and dries so well as to - require no drying oil to be mixed with it. Borusstas FERRI. Prussiate of iron. Calcine together dried blood 3xij, subcarb. potash 3iiij, and iron filings 3ss; dissolve the calcined mass in hot water, add vinegar as long as any sedi- ment falls; filter; add a solution of green vitriol as long as any borussiate is precipitated; filter and dry. Used in intermittent fevers, gr. iv to vj, ter quotidie. Puospnas FERRI. Dissolve iron turnings in turiatic acid, and precipitate by adding Pasa of soda as long as any sedi- ment falls, which wash and dry: blue. OxyPHOSPHATE OF 1Rr0N, Phosphas tritorydi ferri. Dissolve colcothar, or any red oxide of iron, in dilute muriatic acid, and precipitate by phosphate of soda: white. Both are given from gr.-x to gr. xv, in cancer and scrofula, CHALYBS PREPARATUS CUM ACETO. Steel filings wetted with white wine vinegar, dried in the sun, and this frequently repeated ; then Jevigated. : Rust or iron, Ferri rubigo, Limature ferri preparate Cha- lybis rubigo, Carbonas ferri preparatus. Iron filings, or iron wire, exposed to the air, and frequently moistened with water, to which a small quantity of vinegar may be added ; then ground to pow- der and aslingt over. Ferri carsonas, C. ferri precipitatus. A solution of 4oz, of green vitriol in water 1s precipitated by another solution of 5 oz. of subcarb. of soda in water, the precipitate is washed with warm water, and dried without exposure to the air, that it may retain its green colour. pW 2. By Shea aah the solution of green vitriol with subcarb. of potash, performing the process in hot water, and drying it by steam. ‘The preparations of iron are used as tonics in cancer, scrofula, and in neuralgic affections. | Iopurer anpd HypriopatTE oF rron. Mix 126 parts of iodine, and from 40 to 50 parts of clean iron filings in a flask with 1500 parts; let heat be applied till the mixture becomes clear, after which filter, The liquor is a solution of hydriodate VI. METALS.—Son-sarrs. 251 of protoxide of iron. By evaporating the solution nearly to dry- ness, the acid and oxide are decomposed, water is formed, and a solid combination of iodine and iron remains, containing 126 parts, or one atom, of the former, and 28 parts, or one atom, of the latter. The ioduret of iron is deliquescent ; when pute it is of an iron-grey colour, brittle and crystalline in texture like antimony ; when dry, it is inodorous, and when moistened, it exhales the odour of, iodine. Dr. Thomson, who was the first to use this preparation medicinally, administers it in those cases in which the capillary system requires to be stimulated, and the tone of the habit to be brought up to the healthy standard. The dose is 2, 3, or 4 grains in distilled water, three or four times daily. It is stimulant, tonic, and aperient ; it has been found serviceable in amenorrheea and leucorrhcea; from its supposed influence in improving the hematosis, it has been given in phthisis. _ Pernt suscarzonas, P. L, 1815. Precipitate a solution of ype green vitriol in water, by a solution of 60z. of subcarb. of soda. COBALT. CospaLt BLug. Wash ILIb. zaffre to separate as much of the’ sand as possible ; pour on it 8o0z. nitric acid, diluted with an equal weight of water; digest for some hours, pour off the solution, and add fresh acid to the zaffre as long as it seems to extract any colour from it; mix the coloured solutions, evaporate nearly to dryness, dissolve in warm water, filter the liquor, add to the fil- tered nitric solution of the zaffre a solution of phosphate of soda as long as any sediment falls. Wash this violet subphosphate of cobalt, and mix it while still wet with 8 times as much alumine fresh precipitated (from alum-water by a more than sufficient uantity of liquid ammonia), well washed and still wet. Stir till e colour is quite uniform, then dry, and lastly, heat it cherry-red in a crucible, 2. Dissolve regulus of cobalt, or bright white Cornish cobalt ore eee roasted, in nitric acid, and proceed as already pre- scribed. 3. Precipitate the nitrate of cobalt by a solution of arseniate of potash; and mix this precipitated arseniate of cobalt with six- teen times as much moist alumine. 4. Mix the nitric solution of cobalt or zaffre at once with fresh- made alumine; this is of a good blue colour. 5. Precipitate the nitric solution of cobalt or zaffre with a solution of ammonia alum ; this is paler than the rest. CHROMIUM. CHROMATE OF 1n0N, Found in masses in the Shetland Isles, 252 VI. METALS.—Satts. and in mines, black, hard enough to cut glass, with an imperfect metallic lustre. Used for making chrome yellow. CuromEe YELLOW, Chromate of lead. Prepared from chro- mate of iron, by heating it with nitre or pearl-ash; washing the mass, and mixing the ley with a solution of lead in nitric acid, or of sugar of lead in water; it should not effervesce with nitric acid ; used as a gold-colour paint. METALLIC SALTS. GOLD. Moriatve oF coup, Chloride d’or, Murias auri, Chloruretum auri. Grain gold 3j, nitric acid at 36 deg. Baume 3), muriatic acid at 22 deg. Baume @iij; dissolve with heat until the smell of chlorine gas is perceivable, then set it by to crystallize. Used in venereal complaints, and as a caustic in cancerous affections. SOLUTION OF MURIATE OF GOLD, Hydrochlorate d’or en solu- tion. Dissolve the muriate of gold in water. Used to discover oil in distilled waters. SopA MURIATE OF GOLD, Chloruretum auri et sodii, Aurum muriaticum natronatum.’ Grain gold zij make into muriate of gold, dissolve the crystals in water 3x ; add a solution of decre- pitated salt 3ss in water Zvj, evaporate and crystallize. Dose er. 1-8 to gr. ij rubbed into the gums, in syphilis ; very uncertain in its action ; it has recently been found serviceable in scrofulous affections, either by frictions or internally in the form of pastilles or pills, or mixed up with extracts. PLATINUM. SoDA MURIATE OF PLATINUM, Chloruretum platini et sodit. Dissolve platinum 3} in aqua regia, q. s. and crystallize ; dissolve the crystals in water, and add a solution of decrepitated salt 3ij in water; evaporate and crystallize. In syphilis gr. lj rubbed into the gums. NITRO-MURIATE OF PLATINUM, Hydrochlorate of platinum. Platinum in small granules 2), add nitric acid %j, and muriatic acid 3iij: when the reaction has ceased, pour off the acid, and pour on fresh; repeat this until the whole of the platina is dis- solved, which will require about 200z. of the aqua regia; evapo- rate and crystallize. SOLUTION OF NITRO-MURIATE OF PLATINUM. Dissolve the crystallized nitro-muriate in water; used to distinguish solutions of potash from soda. | VI. METALS,—Satrs. 253 SILVER. lepsy ; externally to cicatrize ulcers; as an application to hn pelas, and as a gargle in ulcerations of the fauces. The dose gr. 4 to gr. 1, in a pill with crumb of bread. SoLuTION OF NITRATE OF sitvER. Crystallized nitrate 3), water 3v; dissolve. Used as a test for muriatic acid. Lunar caustic, Causticum lunare, Argentum nitratum, Argenti - nitras. Formed by dissolving pure silver in spirit of nitre, eva- porating to dryness, melting and pouring the melted mass into moulds, which may be made by thrusting a greased stick into a piece of ony 5 deliquescent. Used as a caustic ; .as an astringent wash in solution, and as a tonic and antispasmodic internally, in doses of 1-4 to iij grains; cont. 6°75 nitric acid, with 14°75 of silver; equiv. 21:5. COPFER. BiveE vitrioL, Blue stone, Couperose bleu, Sulphate of copper, Vitriolum ceruleum, Cupri sulphas. Made by roasting copper, boiling the oxide in oi! of vitriol, washing the residuum, evapo- rating and crystallizing. This substance 1s tonic, emetic, astrin- nt, and escharotic; and has been found of use in epilepsy, hysteria, and intermittent fever ; and also to produce vomiting in incipient phthisis : externally as a stimulant to ulcers, and to take down fungus. A weak solution is sometimes used as a collyrium in ophthalmia. Dose, gr. } to gr. ij ina pill = gr. ij to gr. x in f. 3ij of water vomits. The incompatibles are alkalies, earths, — and their carbonates; salts of lead, acetate of iron; astringent vegetable infusions and tinctures. 2. By moistening plates of copper, covering them with rough brimstone, calcining, washing out the salt, evaporating and crys- tallizing. In large blue crystals; tonic, astringent, in doses of . 8§ to ij; emetic, gr. ij to x; externally escharotic. Used in yeing, to increase the brilliancy of yellow browns: liquid gallic acid will show if it contains iron. Contains 5 perox. copp., 5 sulph. acid, with 5-625 water; equiv. 15°625. PALE BLUE viTRiot. By mixing a little nitric acid with the oil of vitriol and twelve times as much water, the solution of the copper is easily performed, but the crystals are pale. Toorusnoo, Cyprische vitriol von der Compagnie, V. Cyprium ex India, V. Cyprium, Ph, Bat. In very large sky-blue crystals. 254 VI. METALS.-—Sax78. From Pegu; used in India, and brought to Europe by the Dutch. Roman VITRIOL, Cyprian vitriol, Vitriol de Chypre, V. Cyprium, Made by letting the water of i evaporate in shallow ponds. From Cyprus, in small sky-blue crystals. SWEDISCHE VITRIOL, Faln viktril, V. triplum. Made by eva- porating the water of the copper-mine at Fahlun; blue rather than green. Contains iron, copper, and zinc; does not copper iron by being rubbed upon it : nine shades of colour are made. - _ GosLAR BLUE VITRIOL, V.cupratum. Pale blue-green opens very large and transparent, having the form of those of pure sulphate of iron. Contains both copper and zinc. HIuNGARIAN BLUE viITRIOL, V. Hungaricum. By evaporating the water of copper-mines. SOLUTION OF SULPHATE OF CopPER, Blue vitriol water. Blue vitriol purified by repeated solutions and crystallizations 3}, water 3v; dissolve. Used as a test for arsenic. AMMONIA SULPHATE OF COPPER, Cuprum ammoniatum, Ammo- niuretum cupri. Blue vitriol ziv, subcarb. of ammonia 3¥j ; grind together, and dry by means of filtering paper; tonic, antispas- modic. Used in ducbebdy and chorea, gr. ss, gradually increased to gr. v. SOLUTION OF AMMONIA SULPHATE OF COPPER. Pour into a solution of blue vitriol as much subcarbonate of ammonia-water as is necessary, first to precipitate the oxide of copper, and then to redissolve it again; add to the liquor its own weight of alcohol, to throw down the crystals of the ammonia sulphate ; dry, and dissolve in water. Used as a test-liquor for arsenic. BLUE EYE-wWATER, Aqua sapphirina, Aqua cupri ammoniati, P, L. Lime-water lb. j, sal ammoniac 3}; mix, and let them stand upon a small piece of clean copper till they acquire a fine blue colour. Liquok CUPRI AMMONIATI. Cuprum ammoniatum 3j, water Ib.j; dissolve and filter. Aqua cupri AMMONIATI, P. D. Lime-water 3viij, sal ammo- niac 91ij, verdigris gr. ii}; digest for a day, and pour off the clear; a slight stimulant and escharotic; used to ulcers, and diluted to remove specks on the cornea, also as a show-liquor in chemists’ windows. ! Frencnu verpicris, Distilled verdigris, Acetate of copper, “hirugo crystallisata, Crystalli Veneris. Dissolve verdigris in distilled vinegar, and crystallize; 3ss daily to a glandered horse produced no visible effect or inconyenience. From France, VI, METALS.—Sa crs. 255 _ Ewyetisn verpicris. Blue vitriol 240z. dissolved in water, of lead 300z. and a half, also dissolved in water; mix the SiaGéne filter, crystallize by crspordiece ; yields about 10oz. of crystals: a superior paint to rough verdigris. SonuTION OF ACETATE or corrER. Dissolve French verdigris in water to saturation. Used as a test-liquor for sulphur and gold, IRON. PRorosuLPHATE OF 1Rn0N, Sal Martis, Ferrum vitriolatum, Ferri sulphas. Dissolve iron turnings in dilute sulphuric acid, evaporate and crystallize; tonic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, gr. jtov. Used in glysters against ascarides; contains 4:6 protox, iron, 5 sulph. acid, with 7-875 water; equiv. 17:375.—Officinal preparation. Mist. ferri comp,, Z. Pil. ferri comp., L, _ Correras, Commercial sulphate of iron, Green vitriol, Coupe- rose verte. Vitriolum viride, V. vulgare Anglicanum, V. ferri, Ferri sulphas venale. Made by allowing martial pyrites to effloresce, washing out the salt, boiling along with old iron, evaporating and creittiag. Contains muriate of iron; crystals small, pale green, become covered with a yellow efflorescence by drying: this is prevented by dipping them into treacle-water, which covers them with a kind of varnish: colour darkened by dipping in a decoction of Turkey berries. Used in dyeing black, cabin ink, and in various trades. _ Virriot ve Romer, Vitriolum Romanum, P. Bat. In large crystals, deep green. From the residuum of pyrites distilled for brimstone, or set on fire. __ Pisan virriot. Resembles the Roman, but the crystals are smaller and greener ; preferred by black dyers and hat-makers ; probably the basis of the Genoa black. Made near Pisa. - Gostar virriot, V. ferratum. Sulphate of iron and zine, pale, greenish. Sattzpurcu virriot, V. hermaphroditicum. Bluish green, of several shades; contains both copper and iron; coppers iron, Huneartan vitrior, V. Hungaricum, P. Bat. Deep green; contains copper. _ Dayrzic virriot. Green, not quite so deep as the Hunga- rian ; contains copper and iron, but no muriatic acid; coppers iron. SOLUTION OF PROTOSULPHATE OF IRON, Copperas-water. Protosulphate of iron 3 drachms, distilled water ri drachms ; dissolve. Used as a test for gold, oxygen gas in water, prussic acid, and gallic acid: it is speedily altered by the air: also to blacken leather. 256 VI. METALS,—Sar7s. PERSULPHATE OF IRON, Tritosulfate de fer, Persesquisulphate of iron. -Calcine copperas in the open air, moistening it with a small quantity of nitric acid: wash the powder, and keep the red solution as a test for prussic acid, gallic acid, and boletic acid. VITRIOL CALCINED WHITE, Vitrioleum ad albedinem calcinatum, Sulphas ferri exsiccatum, Sulphas ferri exsiccatus. Green vitriol heated in an unglazed pot, or spread a the wi of a furnace, or in a sunny place, until it is white, and grows red at the edges; astringent, drying. FrerruM TaARtTARizATuM. Rub iron filings 1lb., with cream of tartar 2lb., and water 1lb.; expose to the air for a week, dry, powder ; add water Ilb., expose again to the air for a week, dry, and powder, TarTARuM FERRI. Carbonas ferri (or rust of iron) 1 oz., cream of tartar, 20z., water 1lb.; boil, filter, cool, filter again, evaporate to a pellicle, cool; it will form a saline mass, which is to be powdered: tonic and diuretic, gr. x—3ss. Liquor FERRI ALKALINI. Iron 3ijss, dissolve in spirit of nitre 3ij, distilled water zvj; add by degrees aqua subcarb. pot. 3vj; let it stand, and po off the clear: these are tonic and emmenagogue, 3ss—3}, bis terve die. Tinctura MARTIS GLAuBERI. Iron filings, crude tartar, ana lb. iij, boil in water ]b. xxxvj to 2 gall.; filter while hot, and evaporate to lb. v; tonic, emmenagogue, and deobstruent. AceETAS FERRI. Protoxide of iron 3iv, distilled vinegar 3iij ; dissolve and strain : tonic, astringent. IRon Liquor, Acetate of iron. Leave old iron in a cask of vinegar or sour beer. 2. Leave old iron in rectified pyroligneous acid at 3 deg. Baume, for three or four days, or til it comes to 10 deg.; then draw off and evaporate the solution to 14 deg.: the tar Jepcidbed on the remaining iron may be burned off whenever it hinders the solution. : 3. Mix a solution of acetate lime with a sol. of copperas. Used in dyeing black and browns. Ens Martis, Flores salis ammoniact Martialis, Flores Mar- tiales, Murias ammonie et ferri. By subliming with a quick sudden heat sal ammoniac, rubbed with twice its weight of iron filings or colcothar, and repeating the sublimation with fresh salt, as long as the flowers are well coloured. FrerrumM amMmoniAtum, P. L. since 1819. Subcarbonate of iron |b. j, dissolve in muriatic acid lb.j; evaporate to dryness, add sal ammoniac lb.j, and sublime. 2. Dissolve iron in spirit of salt, and water and sal ammoniac, — VI. METALS.—Satrs. 257 then evaporate to dryness; gr. iij—xv; useful in glandular enlargements of the breasts, chlorosis, &c. This is a muriate of ammonia and iron, is of an orange-yellow colour, and has an odour resembling that of saffron. It is very soluble; an ounce ~ of water dissolving four drachms of it ; it is also very soluble in alcohols. Alkalies and their carbonates, as also lime water, are incompatible with it. It is tonic, emmenagogue, and aperient. —Officinal preparation. ‘'Tinct. ferri ammoniat. QUICKSILVER. Hyprarcyrus acetatus, Acetas hydrargyri, Acetis hydrargyri. Quicksilver 1lb., diluted spirit of nitre q. s. to dissolve it; preci- pitate with subcarb. of potash-water, sa and dry the precipitate; then dissolve it in spirit of verdigris q. s.; filter, evaporate to a llicle, and crystallize; antivenereal, gr. j, nocte maneque, Increasing the dose gradually. 2. Quicksilver, diluted spirit of nitre q. s.; dissolve it without heat; dissolve also Kali acetatum 3iij, nm boiling water 1 gall.; mix the two solutions, set them to crystallize, and wash the crystals. CoRROSIVE SUBLIMATE, White mercury, Oxymuriate of quick- silver, Perchloride of quicksilver, Mercurius corrosivus sublimatus, M, ec. albus, Hydrargyrus muriatus, Hydrargyri oxymurias, Murias hydrargyri corrosivus, Hydrargyrum muriaticum corro- sivum. Quik Ilb., dissolve in nitric acid about 14lb. ; evaporate to agg add decrepitated salt and vitriol calcined white, of each ilb.; mix and sublime; or, which is still better, distil from a very low retort, having a wide short neck, into a large receiver : the greater part will come over in the form of a fine white snow. In a bolt head, the newly-condensed sublimate, being liquid, runs down to the bottom, and has got to be raised over again. It took twelve hours to sublime 3]b. in a bolt head; but in a retort 6lb. came over in two hours. Composed of 25 quik and 2 chlorine ; equiv. 34.—Officinal preparation. Liquor hydr, oxymuriatis, L. 2. Boil quicksilver 2Ib. in oil of vitriol 2lb. to dryness; when cold, add common salt 3lb. and a half, and sublime. 3. Boil quik lb., with oil of vitriol '7lb. to dryness; weigh, and add salt and black oxide of manganese, of each the same weight ; sublime. i! Quicksilver 2lb., spirit of salt 2lb, spirit of nitre Ilb.; stil. 5. Dissolve red precipitate in spirit of salt, and crystallize ; antisyphilitic, acting quickly, but not permanently, gr. 1-8th to j, twice a day; in gargles, gr. iij to water Ilb., or as a wash in itch ; 3ij a day to a horse, diuretic, enlarging the kidneys, and 5 958 VI. METALS. Satrs. rendering them diseased: in some salivation was produced, in others inflammation, in all debility. VENETIAN sUBLIMATE, Dutch sublimate. Green vitriol cal- _cined red 400Ib., nitre and common salt ana 200lb., quicksilver 280lb., residuum of a preceding operation, or of aquafortis, 50lb., impure corrosive sublimate of a preceding operation 2OIb. ; moisten with a portion of the acid that distilled over in a former process, and sublime. SOLUTION OF CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE, for testing. Corr. subl. 3ij, distilled water 3x, dissolve, and keep in the dark. Used to discover albumen, and also lime and ammonia. Sat abgempBrotH, Sal sapientie. Corrosive sublimate, sal ammoniac ana p, #q., water q.s. to dissolve them; evaporate and crystallize, PROTONITRATE OF QUICKSILVER. Quicks. 1 oz. dissolve in nitric acid diluted five times its weight of water; dry the crystals between filtering paper, redissolve in water, and keep a globule of quik at the bottom of the bottle: a test for ammonia, muriatic acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, gold, and platinum. PRUSSIATE OF QUICKSILVER, Cyanure de mercure. Red preci- sar 1 oz., Prussian blue 2 oz., distilled water, 6 oz.; boil for alf an hour, filter, pour on fresh water, boil, and filter ; mix the two solutions, evaporate and crystallize: antisyphilitic, 9j, taken in distilled. water. LEAD. Sucar oF LEAD, Lead saccharum, Saccharum Saturni, Cerussa acetata, Acetis plumbi, Plumbi acetas, Su tas plumbi. Fine white lead 1lb., distilled vinegar 12\b. ; boil, filter, evaporate to 50 deg. Baume, and crystallize: the manufacturers use litharge, and the Dutch use distilled cider vinegar, as the least oily ; internally, gr. iij—vij, as a specific in hooping cough; and le in visceral hemorrhages, in which cases it is combined with opium. Dose in this latter case is gr. ss. to gr. jss. made into a pill with gr. ss. of opium and crumb of bread. Externally, gr. li) to water 3j, as an eye-water; 3) to water ZV, as a strong lotion, or 3x for a weak: 12 oz. given to a horse was slightly diuretic, without any eg te Oe ane preparation. Cera- _tum plumbi acetatis, Z. #. D. Acidum acetosum forte, Z. Solutio acetatis zinci, E. 2. Purified pyroligneous acid at 80 deg. Baume 65\b., litharge 58lb., water q. s. produces 75lb. of fine saccharum; the mother water retains 25lb., and may be used for another operation with advantage. Contains 14 protox. of lead, 6-25 acid, and 3:375 water ; equiv. 23°635. | ~GovuLarn’s ExTRacTuM SaTURNI, Agua lithargyri acetati, — VI. METALS.—Savrs. 259 Liquor plumbi acetatis, Li subacetatis lithargyrt. Litharge Ib. ij, distilled vinegar 1 IL, boil to Ib. vj ; let it settle, and aie off clear; fouls the bottles very much, cannot be : el off with subcarb. of potash, requires oil of vitriol or aquafortis ; cool- ing, astringent : used to make white-wash. Saturnus acetosus, Pulvis extracti Saturni. Extract of lead evaporated to dryness.—Subacetate of lead. Sugar of lead 3x, litharge 3xv, water 3xxv; boil to a half, and crystallize. Used to he ary colouring matter from fermented liquors, and set free the alcohol. Nitrate oF LEAD. Dissolve litharge, or fine white lead, in nitric acid, sp. gr. 1°3, and crystallize. Used for preparing nitrous acid. TIN. Lac serrit. Muriatic acid (sp. gr. 1:19) 60lb., tin 3lb.; dis- solve. Used in dyeing with lac dye. Dyers’ spirit. Dyers’ aquafortis 28lb., tin 4lb.; dissolve me stirring frequently. Used in dyeing with lac dye; if or cochineal less tin is used. 2. Nitric acid 20]b., sal ammoniac 10lb.; dissolve, add tin q.p. which dissolves without effervescence. Used by the French dyers Moriate oF TIN, Hydrochlorate of tin. Muriatic acid at 25 deg. Baume 4 o0z., grain tin 1 0z.; dissolve, evaporate, crystal- lize, redissolve, recrystallize, and redissolve. Used as a test for molybdic acid, platinum, corrosive sublimate, albumen and tannin. SPELTER. Waite viraiot, Galitzen stein, White copperas, Vitriolum album, %incum vitriolatum. Obtained at Goslar, by quenching the roasted silver ores in troughs of water, evaporating this water, setting it by to crystallize, melting the crystals, skimming off the impurities, pouring the melted mass into wooden boxes, and di ing the regular Hi gor parroeg by frequent stirring. Contains 5°25 ox. of zine, 5 acid, and 3°875 water; equiv. 13-625. Used as a dryer of oil paint. _ VitTRioLuM ALBUM pDEPURATUM, Sal vitrioli, Zincum vitriol- atum puri, Rinci sulphas, Sulphas zinci. Dissolve zinc in oil of vitriol much diluted with water, and crystallize. 2. White vitriol q. p. dissolve in water, add oxide of zine, digest for some hours; filter, evaporate, and crystallize: tonic, astringent, and antispasmodic, gr. }—ij; emetic, and operating very quickly, gr. x to 3ss; externally astringent. Contains 5°25 s2 260 VI. METALS.—Satts. ox. of zinc, 5 acid, and 7:875 water; equiv. to 18:125; does not dry oil colours. SoLuTIO ACETITIS zINcI. White vitriol 3), dissolve in distilled water 3x; sugar of lead Diiij, dissolve in distilled water 3x; mix and filter ; astringent; used as a collyrium and injection. ANTIMONY. Butter oF ANTIMONY, Butyrum antimonii, Oleum antimonii, Murias antimonii, Causticum antimoniale. Common antimony, corrosive sublimate, ana p. eq.; grind together; distil in a wide- necked retort, and let the buttery matter that comes over run in a moist place to a liquid oil. 2, Antimony calcined to greyness, or powdered glass of anti- mony 9 oz., common salt 32 oz., oil of vitriol 24 0z., water 16 oz.; distil : this yields 40 oz. of butter of antimony. 3. Common antimony, or glass of antimony 1lb., common salt 4lb., oil of vitriol 3lb., water 2lb.; distil. ANTIMONIUM MURIATUM. Liver of antimony I]b., dry com- mon salt 2lb.; mix, and add them to oil of vitriol Ilb.; distil. Caustic, but apt to spread; used, however, largely by the farriers. Emetic TARTAR, Emetique, Tartarus emeticus, Tartarum eme- ticum, Tartras antimonii. Crocus metallorum, white tartar, ana 4lb.: boil them in water, filter, evaporate to a pellicle, and crys- tallize. 2. Boil 8lb. of common antimony with 16lb. of oil of vitriol in an iron pot to dryness, wash the grey mass until the uncombined sulphuric acid is carried off; mix it with an equal weight of crude tartar, boil in water, and crystallize. ANTIMONIUM TARTARIZATUM. Crocus of antimony 3lb., cream of tartar 41b., water 4 gallons: proceed as usual. TaRTARUM ANTIMONIATUM. Oxyd. antim. nitro-muriat. 3ij, cream of tartar Zijss, distilled water Zxviij : proceed as before. ANTIMONIUM TARTARIZATUM. Glass of antimony, cream of tartar, ana Ilb., water 1 gallon; boil, filter, and crystallize. This is emetic, sometimes cathartic, diaphoretic, expectorant, altera- tive, and rubefacient. As an emetic, the dose is gr. j—iv. in solu- tion; as a diaphoretic and expectorant, gr. 3 to gr. 7. Alkalies, earths, and their carbonates, as also strong sede, decoctions of bitter and astringerit vegetables are incompatible with 't.—Officinal preparation. Liquor antimonii tartarizati, Z,—Vinum tartratis antimonii, Z. ~*~ 261 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES. EARTHS AND CLAYS. TERRA LEMIA aLBa. Dirty white, with a grey cast, very heavy, rough, harsh, not colouring, burns very hard, outwardly dark brown, inwardly brownish yellow; used in dysenteries and malignant fevers. Borvus Armena aba. Bright white, compact, very smooth and soft, not aoragta burns very hard, and at last forms a whitish grey glass; sudorific. Botus canpipa, Arungia lune. Pearly white, light, smooth, not unctuous nor colouring ; burns to a very pale whitish yellow ; astringent, cordial. Toxsacco-rire cLay, Argile d Abondant, A. de Montereau, Cimolia alba. White, smooth, unctuous, slightly colouring, burns rather hard, and very white: used to make tobacco-pipes and white stone-ware. WAITE LUMBER sTONE, Terra sigillata alba, Terra Samia vulgaris. 'Tobacco-pipe clay, made into cakes with a stamp; ‘used as an astringent, and to take grease out of woollen cloth. Soar-rocx, Spanish chalk, Paretonium, Creta Hispanica, C. sartoria. White, firm, compact, weighty, hard, smooth, unctuous, not colouring, burns to a stone; writes upon glass, and if rubbed off, the aks become again visible by breathing upon the place : used by tailors to draw their patterns, to take out grease spots, ng rae engrave upon, the engraving being ph. hardened Kaourn, Porcelain clay. Dry, friable, infusible. That of Cornwall used to make English china and fine pottery ; that of Limoges to make Sevres china, and exported to Copenhagen for the same purpose ; that of Passau, to make Vienna china. _ Terra Cimoria. White, compact, smooth, colouring, burn- ing rather harder; found in the island Argentiere: used to wash clothes. Cuatk, Creta, C. argentaria. White, soft, marking lines; when newly burned, it grows hot with water, and falls into powder; antacid: used in heartburn, gr. x— ij; externally ab- sorbent, and as a crayon.—Hard chalk. Coarse. Wurrtine, Spanish white, Blanc d’ Espagne, Blane de Troyes, Calcis carbonas preparata, Creta preparata. From soft chalk, 262 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— by washing and making into large balls for cheap white paint, or into small drops for medical use. Creta praciritata. Precipitate a solution of muriate of lime by a solution of subcarb. of soda in water, and wash the sediment.—Officinal preparation. Mistura crete, L. E.; Hydrar- gyrum cum creta, Z.; Pulvis cretee compos., L. .; Pulvis opia- tus, H. Maenesia AtBa, Subcarbonate of magnesia, Magnesia, P. D. Magnesie carbonas, M. subcarbonas. Obtained by precipitating the bittern, or liquor, left in the boiling of sea-water after the common salt has been separated, by a ley of wood ashes or sub- carb. of potash. With respect to its use, it is antacid, and laxa- tive when it meets with an acid, and may be given in the dose of 38s to 3ij in water.—Offcinal preparation. agnesia, L, EH. D.; Hydr. cum magnesia, D. 2. Epsom salt 12 oz., potas. subcarb. 9 oz., water 3 gall.; mix: is a mixture of the hydrate and carbonate of magnesia. Henry's Macnesia. Epsom salt 56lb,, dissolve in water, and precipitate with subcarb. of soda, q. s. dissolved in water; wash the sediment well, and finish the washing with rose-water. Sub- carbonate of magnesia is made up while drying, either into large cubes with the edges bevelled, or in small dice: is powdered by being rubbed through a sieve; antacid, laxative, lithontriptié, 5ss—3ij; mixes well with milk, but not with water, sometimes occasions flatulence. CALCINED MAGNESIA, Oxide of magnesium, Magnesie caustique, Magnesia usta, Magnesia, P. 1 and P. E. Biptes subcarb. of magnesia to a red heat for two hours, or until it exhibits a pecu- liar luminous appearance: produces about half its original weight ; antacid, laxative, 3ss—3ij; does not occasion flatulence, but is not so soluble in the stomach as the other; it absorbs scarcely any carbonic acid by exposure to the air; equivalent 1-5. MacistEry oF aLum, Earth of Alum, Pure alumine, Oxide o aluminium. Dissolve alum in water, and add to the solution ammonia water sufficient to precipitate the earth; wash it well, and dry. 2. Dry ammoniacal alum, rub it to powder, and keep it red hot in a crucible for some hours. GELATINOUS ALUMINE, Hydrate of alumine. Pure alumine, not dried, but in a moist state: used to mix with oxide of cobalt and other colouring oxides as a basis for the colour. BauME’s ALUM WHITE. Roman alum IIb., honey half a Ib. ; dry, powder, and calcine in a shallow dish to whiteness; wash | and dry: a beautiful white, even with oil. : = Eartus AND Cuays, 263 _IvaLian WHITE cHALK, Gesso, Bianchetto di pittori. Dull white, hard, compact, regular texture, colouring, burns rather harder; used for a crayon. Buanc bE Boveivat. White marle, composed of two parts clay and one of chalk, made up in oblong cakes. ee DE Roven. White marle, made up in masses of IIb. each. Briane pe Movupon, Blanc de Morat, Gera Earth? Silvery, silky, white, very fine, effervescing with acids; used as whiting. Srricav EaRrtTH, Bole, Terra sigillata Silesiaca, Axungia solis. dull yellow, smooth, coarse but compact, heavy not colour- ing, burns very hard, and to a fine red, From Strigau; astrin- gent and alexiterial. YeELtow ocure, French ochre, Spruce ochre, Powder ochre, Light ochre, Sphragis. Fine dusky yellow, compact, firm, smooth, unctuous, slightly colouring, when moist very viscid, burns very hard, and to a fine bright red; Shotover Hill, Oxfordshire, and elsewhere : used in painting. Licut RED ROUGE DE Prussr. Light ochre burnt: produces flesh colour with white lead and nut oil. Venice Trirowi, Terra Tripolitana vera. Whitish yellow, ee straw, firm, harsh, dry, colouring, burns rather harder to a pale rose colour ; used for polishing and cleaning metals. Trirout. The septariz, ludi Helmonti, or waxen veins, found on the east coasts of England calcined. 2. The clunch, or curl stone, of the Staffordshire mines cal- cined; gives gold and silver a beautiful black lustre, : Cray ocure, Stone ochre. Deep yellow, heavy, close, firm, smooth, not colouring, burns to a fine deep colour, without any hardness. From Mendip hills; used in painting.—Burnt. stone ochre, Deep red. | . Yettow eEartnu, Argilla lutea. Pale yellow, very fine, loose, friable, colouring greatly, astringent taste, burns to a fine rose colour, but not harder. From Saxony: used for polishing, and as a paint.— Burnt yellow earth, Englischer rod, Yine rose red; used in Holland as a paint. Itatian ocure, Jaune @ Italie, Fine yellow, firm, compact, aad light, colouring, astringent; burns very hard, and toa dull Coarse ocure, Fine bright, yellow, heavy, hard, firm, irre- gular texture, harsh, dusty, colouring, very impure; burns to a yery pale ashen red, but no harder: Mendip hills, | 264 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— RomMAN ocureE. Hard, heavy, very deep or brown yellow; firm, regular, harsh, dusty, colourmg very much; burns rather hard, and to a fine purplish red: Somersetshire, also near Rome; all used as paints. FounpErs’ LoAM. Deep yellow, fine, soft, with spangles of mica, slightly colouring: burns to a pale red, but not harder; Thrup, in Northamptonshire, also near Highgate Archway : used by founders for moulding. Rep ARMENIAN BOLE, Bolus Armenarubra. Deep red, hard, heavy, close, rough, colouring the hands; burns rather harder, and to a brighter red ; astringent and alexiterial. Common LEMNIAN EARTH, Terra Turcica. Pale flesh red, not very close, heavy, slightly unctuous; burns very hard, and to a dusky yellow. GERMAN BOLE, Bolus Bohemica rubra. Pale yellowish red, compact, but unequal, heavy, smooth; burns rather harder, with- out changing colour ; astringent. Terra Lemnia RuBRA. Pale red, variegated with yellow, close, very heavy, rough, but scrapes smooth, not colouring ; burns very hard, and to a fine deep red: Lemnos; astringent, sudorific. Bore oF Brots, Bolus Blesensis, Bolus Armena lutea. Pale red with an orange cast, close, hard, heavy, not colouring, effer- vescing violently with acids, very astringent taste, burns to a stony hardness and a dark red ; astringent, anid highly commended in the plague. .Frencu Bork, Bolus rubra Gallica. Pale red, with white and yellow veins, heavy, close, slightly unctuous, not colouring, slightly astringent; burns very hard, but of the same colour ; astringent in powder. Barros, Bucaros, Terra Portugallica. Fine florid red, heavy, harsh, colouring, strongly astringent, burns brighter but not harder ; used in dysentery and in dentifrices. BraDWALL-HALL cLiay. Brick-red.—Hallfield colliery, clay. A marle, burning to a eae red of four different shades: both are used in making Staffordshire pottery. Manocany EARTH. Pale red, sometimes darker, compact, heavy, smooth, but neither glossy nor unctuous, not colouring, burns very hard without change of colour; Isle of Wight: used in painting, and to stain wood of a mahogany colour. Sorr RUDDLE, Clay iron-ore, Rubrica fabrilis mollis. Dusky red, loose, very heavy, extremely unctuous, with an oily gloss, colouring very much; burns very hard, externally little altered, Eartus anp Crays. 265 but internally resembles iron: in iron mines; used as a colour, and also as an iron ore. Harp rvuppie, Red chalk, Sanguine, Crayon rouge, Rubrica fabrilis. Deep red, hard, heavy, solid, smooth, rather unctuous, colouring very strongly ; burns very hard and darker: used as a crayon, also as an astringent. RED LUMBER sTONE, Terra sigillata rubra. Red chalk ground, made into small cakes and sealed. Common BoLr, Bolus communis. Red chalk ground and made into large round cakes: astringent: used for cattle, and in tooth powders. Rep stonE-ocure, Ochra rubra. Fine deep red, solid, harsh, very dusty, colouring, not altered by burning : Warkwickshire. Rep ocure, Ochra friabilis rubra, Sil Syriacum, Fine strong red, heavy, loose, rough, dusty, colouring very much; burns very hard and much paler. INDIAN sTONE-RED. Fine purplish red, very solid, hard, rough, dusty, colouring ; burns rather darker : all used as paints. Spanish Brown, Almagra, Ochra Hispanica. Fine deep red, with a purple cast, heavy, not hard, rough, colours very much; burns very hard and paler: used as a colour, and as a polishing powder. INDIAN RED, re Indienne, Terra Persica, Ochra purpurea Persica. Fine purple, extremely heavy, very hard, solid, with glittering particles, colours very much, burns very hard, with no change of colour; from Ormuz; used as a paint, does not glaze well. VENETIAN RED, Bolus Veneta. Dull red, not very heavy, firm, but dusty, colouring, burns very hard, and of a duskier colour; from Venice. Brown rep ocure. Very deep brown red, extremely heavy, firm, very rough, colours very much, slightly altered by burn- ing. Rounea matra, Terre de Patua. Deep red, loose, friable ; imported from the banks of the Ganges. All these are used as pigments. Terra pvt Stenna. Deep brown or coffee colour, fine, compact, very light, very smooth and glossy, does not colour, when wetted marks a fine yellow upon paper; burns to a pale reddish brown, but does not harden; from italy, and an inferior sort from Wycomb. Lonpon BLUE cLAY, Glaise, Argile de Gentilli, Argile d’Issy. Dark bluish; used for luting vessels in distilling acids, but 266 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— requires another luting over it to keep it moist, and prevent its cracking ; also for pottery, for lining ponds, and for modelling. ‘DevonsHizE BLUE cLAY. Makes white solid pottery, but is expensive. DEVONSHIRE BLACK CLAY. Fat, tough; makes cream ware. DEVONSHIRE CRACKING CLAY. Grey, burns to a beautiful white, but is apt to crack in the firing. Common ciay, Argilla lateritia. Drying, astringent, used for artificial stones, as bricks, &c. and common pottery. Furriers’ Eartu, Cimolia purpurescens, Smectis, Terra sapo- naria, Terra fullonica. Greyish brown, but varying greatly, hard, very compact, rough, but scrapes glossy, does not colour, burns hard and yellowish brown; being very fine, and absorbing grease very readily ; used to full woollens, RorrEN stone, Terra cariosa. Ash brown, very light, mode- rately hard, dry, colouring, burns to a deep ash, but no harder ; Derbyshire; used as a polishing powder. Unser, Terra Umbria, Creta Umbria. Fine pale brown, close, very light, dry, colouring, burns deep reddish brown, but no harder; used as a colour, and to give porcelain the shining ground called ecaille. From Turkey.—Burnt umber. Used for paint; makes a good shade for gold: both are excellent dead colours, having a good body. Winpsor Loam, Hedgerly loam. Yellowish brown, very hard, heavy, harsh, colouring slightly, burns very hard and fine deep red; from Hedgerly near Windsor; used for setting the bricks of wind-furnaces, glass-house furnaces; also for making lutes, and coating glass and earthen vessels to be exposed to a strong fire. Batu Bricks. Windsor loam made into bricks; used for a coarse polishing powder. Founpers’ ciay, Penny earth. Dusky brown, very hard, — heavy, harsh, not colouring ; Woolwich, also Northamptonshire ; used for moulds in large founderies. | Cuream ciay. Very light ash-colour, nearly white, compact, fine, very smooth, not colouring, burns pale white and very hard ; used for the body of glazed gallipots. BouEMIAN TRIPOLI, Polier schiefer, Creta cinerea, Schistus mollis, Terra Melia. Light ash-colour, heavy, moderately hard, open, harsh, dusty but not colouring, not altered by burning; used for polishing, and as a plate powder. TERRE VERTE, Zerra viridis, Deep bluish green, very heavy, EartTus AND CihAys. 267 hard, smooth, glossy, not colouring but marking a green line, coppery taste, burns very hard and to a dusky brown ; from near Rome, also near Woolwich: used as a lasting, but not bright green paint. AnrciLe vE Saveicnes. Blue, very tough, sandy; used to make the French poterie de gres, or stone ware. Anoite pes Forcrs-tes-Eaux. Blue; used to make glass- house pots, and stone ware. Sroursrivece ctay. Dark grey, made into bricks for build- ing glass-house furnaces, and also into crucibles for violent heats. Wetsu ctay. Used to make Welsh fire clumps for building the fire-rooms of steam-engine furnaces, Frencn cuark, Creta Brianzonica, C. Gallica, Morochtos, Greenish, semitransparent, compact, smooth, unctu- ous, me not colouring, scrapes white, marks an unctuous silvery line ; burns very hard and white ; astringent, used to mark woollen cloth, to take out grease, and cause boots to slip on easily ; fre- quently nn oe with Spanish chalk. Mynsen, Meer schaum, Keffehil, Marga viridescens. Pale greyish green resembling tallow dropped upon brass, close, heavy, smooth, unctuous, glossy, not fr burnin extremely hard and pale white; used as soap, and to make the large bowls of German tobacco-pipes, Brack cuatx, Drawing slate, Pierre d'Italie, Crayon noire, Schistus pictorius. Fine black, compact, laminated, slightly smooth, colours and writes, burns white and friable, some burns red ; in coal mines ; used as a crayon, Kittow, Nod dé, Killoia molliuscula. Fine black with a bluish cast, slightly smooth, friable, colours very much, tastes astringent, burns hard and grey; Wales: made into balls or sticks, used in painting. Harp Kiit0ow, Marking stone, Common black chalk, Black shale, Schistus carbonarius. Fine black, firm, slightly flaky, dusty, colouring, burns to a fine white soft ash; used as a paint. Burnt wArtsuory, Cornu ustum album, Cornu ustum. Burn hartshorn until nearly white, grind, and wash. Sropium Preraratum. Burn ivory, grind, and wash. Broom asuxs, Cineres geniste. From broom stalks burned, diuretic, in dropsy. Davwakie cartu, Used in India to make sherbet; contains one-fifth of acidulous sulphate of iron. 268 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— STONES AND GLASSES, THE FIVE PRECIous stones. Garnet, hyacinth, sapphire, cornelian, emerald : cordial ! Crystat power. Heat quartz red hot, quench it in water, then grind in an agate mortar, or chert mill; used in making glass, and is a good dryer for paints. FLint PowpER. Heat flints, quench in water, then grind to powder ; used in making fine pottery. MatpsToNE saNp, Arena rotunda. Fine, white, used to dry up ink, and to filter acid and corrosive liquors.—Lynn sand. White, used to make flint glass. SEA sAND. Coarse; when washed and dried used for scour- ing, and sand heats. PowDERED GLass, Vitrum pulverisatum. Powdered as crystal, or flints ; used to filter acids ; also glued upon paper as a polishing owder, and to wear down corns upon the feet, after the Fact have nee well soaked and dried, likewise to blow into the eyes to wear down any excrescence. Emery, Smyris, Smerillus. Extremely hard ; vo in mills, and sorted by beltig stirred with water, the water left to settle for a determinate number of minutes, then drawn off into another vessel, and left finally to deposit the powder with which it is loaded ; used for polishing, either in the state of powder, or glued upon paper for scouring: emery stones from Jersey and - Naxos. PorHEE D’EMERY. The sludge that falls from lapidaries’ mills, made into balls for polishing —Moule. The sludge of the grindstones used in grinding cutlery. PIERRE A L’EAU TENDRE. Greenish or brownish grey, easily rubbed to powder in water, powder used to polish metals. Warter-ofr-Ayr sTONE. Used for polishing mathematical Instruments. PuMIcE sToNE, Lapis pumex, Pumezx. Spongy, swims upon water; used whole as a kind of file, in powder as a polishing pow- der, and added to some dentrifices. LANcET stone. A green soft hornstone, found in some parts of the old pavement in London: the only known material on which lancets can be set ; said to come from Germany. Hone, Pierre & rasoir. Yellow, with a bed of black slate clay, used with oil, but soap is much cleaner; from Namur. STONES AND GLASSEs. 269 Om stone. Dark greenish grey, from Turkey. Prerre a WEAu pur. Greenish, compact, scaly, paler than lancet stone: all are used to sharpen cutlery. Muscovy etass, Isinglass, Tale, Taleum. From Russia, in square lumps, separable into flakes of amazing thinness; used to ships’ windows, as not liable to break when great guns are ; also in microscopes to confine objects. Tatc, Ubruc. Imported from the East Indies, in round pieces, separable into scales; used to silver paper. InisH state, Alum slate, Lapis Hibernicus. Sweetish, agglu- tinant in bruises, fractures, a spoonful in beer. EncGuisu Tac, Asbestus. Fibrous; used to make wicks for lamps, and cloth which is incombustible by a modern heat; also to beat oil of vitriol and prevent its being accidentally spilled from the bottles sold with chemical matches. Lime-stone, Lapis calcarius; Marble, Marmor. Both are used in coarse powder to ascertain the strength of acids, to yield carbonic acid gas while dissolving in them, 100 gr. yielding about 100 cub. in., or to make lime: marble powder. STONE LIME, Oxide of calcium, Calx viva, Calz. From lime- stone, or marble, by a red heat ; corrosive, antacid, depilatory : used for cements, to make lime-water, and render the alkalies caustic: composed of 2°5 calcium, and 1 oxygen; equiv. 3°5. Ostxocotia. Agglutinant; used in fractures, 9j, night and ‘morning. Gyrsum, Sulphate of lime. Used as a cement ; also as a fore- ing manure: com of 3°5 lime, 5 acid, and 2°25th water. Raw riaster or Paris. Differs from gypsum in contain- _ing carbonate of lime, which causes it to set firmer in moulding, and also fits it for slowly absorbing the acid of wine; it renders cloudy white wines transparent. Bortep PLAsTER or Paris, Burned Gypsum. Used as a cement, and to make models of statues. Cawx, Heavy spar, Derbyshire white, Spathum ponderosum, Sulphas baryte. Found in mines; used to mix with flake white, to make muriate of barytes, and lately sold for lapis calaminaris, but it is not soluble in spirit of vitriol. PERMANENT WHITE, Artificial sulphate of barytes. Precipi- tate muriate of barytes by oil of vitriol, or a solution of Glauber’s salt ; used to mark jars in laboratories, as it is affected by a very few substances. 270 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— Rat’s stone, Witherite Terra ponderosa, Carbonas baryte. Found in mines; used as a poison for rats, and to prepare muriate of barytes. Kemr’s wuitE, Precipitated carbonate of barytes. Witherite q. p., spirit of salt q.s., dissolve, add subcarbonate of ammonia to precipitate the white, wash, and dry in cakes for use. Morveau’s wuite. Dissolve cream of tartar in water, and add lime-water as long as any sediment falls, wash and dry. ZAFFRE, Safflor, Saffra. One part of roasted cobalt, ground with two or three parts of very pure quartzose sand; used as a blue colour for painting glass ; from Saxony. Smatt, Powder blue, Smalta, Azurum. From roasted cobalt, melted with twice or thrice its weight of sand, and an equal weight of potash; used in painting, and getting up linen: from Saxony. ULTRA-MARINE BLUE, Ceruleum ultramontanum. Lapis lazuli 1lb. is heated to redness, quenched in water, and ground to a fine owder ; to this is added yellow rosin 6 oz., turpentine, bees’ wax, linseed oil, ana 2 0z., previously melted together, and the whole made into a mass; this is kneaded in successive portions of warm water, which it colours blue, and from whence it is deposited by standing, and sorted according to its qualities: a fine blue colour with poppy oil; East Indian Tarte lazuli. ULTRAMARINE ASHEs, Sander’s blue. 'The remains left after the extraction of ultramarine, the wax and oil being burned away, and the ashes washed ; inferior in colour. Ecyprian azure. Carbonate of soda 15 0z., calcined flints 20 oz., copper filings 30z., mix and heat together for two hours: a fine sky blue. FLUXES FoR ENAMEL coLours. Flint powder 40z., flint glass" 12 0z., red lead 16 0z., calcined borax 30z. Melt in a Hessian crucible; keep it melted for several hours in a steady heat, then pour it out into water, and grind it in a white biscuit-ware — mortar. 2. Flint glass 10 0z., white arsenic and nitre, of each 1 oz. 3. Flint glass 3 oz., red lead 1 oz. 4. Flint glass 16 0z., red Jead 19 0z., borax (not calcined) 11 oz. 5. Flint glass 6 oz., red lead 8 0z., flux, No. 2, 4 oz. YELLOW ENAMEL. Red lead 8 0z., oxide of antimony 1 0z., oxide of tin 1 0z., calcined together ; of this take 2 0z., flux, No. 4, 3 OZ. ORANGE ENAMEL. Red lead 12 02z., red sulphate of iron 1 02z., | SronEes AND GLASSES. | 271 oxide of antimony 1 oz., flint powder 3 oz. ; calcine and melt with flux 50 oz. Dark RED ENAMEL. ci ger of iron, calcined dark, 7 0z., - flux, No. 1, 18 oz., colcothar 1 oz. - Licgut RED ENAMEL. Red sulphate of iron 2 0z., flux, No. 1, 6 0z., white lead 3 oz. _ Brown ENAMEL. Manganese 10 oz., red lead 32 oz., flint powder 16 0z.—Used to cover watches and other toys. Paste, Sérass. Rock crystal 6 Troy oz., red lead 9 0z. 5 dwt., fine pearl ash 3 oz. 7 dwt. 4, boracic acid '7 dwt. 4, oxide of arsenic ; seca to be kept in quiet fusion for at least 24 hours, in a Hessian crucible, and cooled gradually. Used to imitate diamonds in jewellery, and as a basis for making artificial gems. _. Fause topaz. Paste 1 Troy oz. 15 dwt., glass of antimony 1 dwt. +, Cassius’ purple precipitate 1 gr. FatsE rosy. Paste 5 0z., oxide of manganese 2 dwt. +. False EMERALD. Paste 5 oz., oxide of copper 1 dwt. 15 gr., oxide of chrome 2 gr. Fatse sarpuire. Paste 8 oz., oxide of cobalt 2 dwt. 9 gr. _ Fatse ametuyst. Paste 16 0z., oxide of manganese 15 to 24 §t., oxide of cobalt 1 gr. Fase ORIENTAL GARNET. Paste 17 dwt. 19 gr., glass of antimony 8 dwt. 18 gr., oxide of manganese 2 gr. _ All used as false gems: many other compositions are made, _almost every artist having his own receipts. Cuina sive, Royal smalt. Oxide of cobalt, melted with and a little American potash. Used to paint pottery ware, as a pigment. 4 Tazasnrer, Tabarir. A stony concretion formed in the joints of the bamboo cane. Used in diseases arising from ob- structions. Suet Lime, Calz ¢ testis. From oyster or other shells, by ination: corrosive, antacid, depilatory ; used for cements, to lime water and render the alkalies caustic. Used the same as stone lime. _ Liwe-water, Aqua calcis, Liquor calcis. Fresh burned lime 8 0z., pour upon it boiling water a gallon, cover up close, and, when cold, keep the whole in a glass bottle, pour off the clear when wanted: astringent, antacid, 3iv to lb. j, in small draughts ; ‘its taste is best covered with 1-5th of milk; also externally to 272 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— ALKALIES AND THEIR CARBONATES. As the two subcarbonates of soda and of potash are sold in a solid form, their strength is attempted to be ascertained by the quantity of sulphuric acid that a solution of 100 gr. of either of them requires for its saturation: this operation is called alkali- metry, and tubes graduated into 100 parts, and containing the necessary quantity of acid to saturate 100 grains of the pure sub- carbonates are used, called alkalimeters; but as the sulphuric acid acts upon the sulphates and sulphurets of these alkalies, and which are usually present, the essay is not a whit more accurate than the method of the German soap boilers, who merely pour a quart of water upon a pound of ashes, and then putting in a piece of Dutch soap, add water in small portions until the soap sinks. The ashes are the stronger as they require more water before the soap sinks. POTASH. Asu BALLS, Cineres herbarum. Principally the ashes of fern, made up into balls: used for washing imstead of soap, and to clean paintings. : Por-asH, Alumen catinum. From land plants burned to ashes, the ashes elixated with water, and the ley evaporated to dryness. From America. Prar.L-asu, Potasse de New Yorck, Potasse rouge d’ Amerique, Cineres perlati. From pot-ash, by calcination, by a gentle heat to avoid melting, solution in water, filtration, and evaporation, stirring it all the time to granulate the salt. From America,— Burnt lees of wine, Cendres gravellées, Cinis infectorius, C. fecum, Cineres clavellati, Alumen fecum, Potasse subcarbonas impurus, Potassa impura. From the ashes of leesof wine, grape cake, and vine twigs, very pure; preferred by the continental dyers. From France. ‘This is used for preparing the subcarbonate for — medical uses. : SALT OF TARTAR, Sal tartari, Kali ppm. e tartaro, Kali e tartaro, Subcarbonas potasse purissimus, Potasse subcarbonas e tartaro. Burn argol in a crucible, powder and calcine till it is nearly white; dissolve in water, filter and evaporate. Composed of 6 pot-ash, 2°75 carb. ac., with 2°25 water: equiv. 11; 100 gr. saturate 70 of oil of vitriol. SALT oF worMwoop, Sal absinthiit. Wormwood burned to ashes, dissolved in water, the solution filtered, and evaporated to dryness. eke ALKALIES AND THEIR CARBONATES. | 273 » _ Toracco sues. The smuggled tobacco seized by the English government is all burned, and the ashes alone sold. Treves porasu, Potasse de Treves, is as strong as pearl-ash. Voscts rorasH, Potasse de Vosges.. Used in France, the weakest of those usually sold. Dantzic rotasH. Resembles Russian potash, but is rather weaker. Russtan porasu, Cineres Russici. From beech, birch, poplar, or alder, burned to ashes, part of the ashes elixated with water, and the ley used to moisten the remainder of the ashes, covering fresh billets of wood with the moistened ashes, and set- ting the pile on fire. From Russia and Sweden, in large black lumps as hard as a stone, with a sulphureous smell: solution green, tinging silver dark purple. Petersburg. TRAVANCORE PotasH. From cocoa-nut branches.— Mara oppoo. From cocoa-nut and plantain leaves. SuspcarBonate or potash, Kali preparatum, Subcarbonas hali, Carbonas potasse, Potasse subcarbonas. Pour upon burnt lees of wine an equal weight of boiling water ; filter and evaporate until the liquor grows thick, then remove the fire, and stir the salt continually, until it concretes into small grains. As burnt lees of wine are now with difficulty procurable in England, pearl- ash is used for them. ‘This is used in acidities of the prime vie, and in glandular obstructions. Dose from gr. x to 3ss properly diluted. ‘The incompatibles are, the mineral acids, muriate and acetate of ammonia, sulphate of magnesia, lime, and lime water, all the metallic salts.—Officinal preparation. Liquor potasse ‘subcarbonatis, LZ. D. _ Narre rixep sy cuarcoat, Subcarbonate of potash, Nitrum _ acarbonibus fixatum. Nitre 16 oz., charcoal salen 40z.; melt the nitre, and throw into it the charcoal powder, until it ceases to take fire: produces 13 or 14 0z. of subcarbonate of potash, equal to salt of tartar. | Waite rivx, Cornish flux, Flurus albus. Nitre and tartar ana p- 2q.: deflagrate as before.—All these alkalies are diuretic, in gr. v. to 9}, cathartic in larger doses; they are used in sé glass, in bleaching and scouring cloth, and to precipitate um. SALINe o1 or tartar, Oil of tartar, Oleum tartari per de- — Aqua kali. Spread salt of tartar, pearl-ash, or potash in, on plates, in a damp cellar, and when it has run into water, strain through linen ; used in scouring. Liquor porasse suscarBonatis, Aqua subcarbonatis kali. Subcarbonate of potash 3xij, distilled water 3xij; dissolve and tT Q74 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— filter. —Henry’s carbonate of potasse water, is made up to the spec. grav. of 1-248, that it may saturate an equal measure of sul- phuric acid, spec. grav. 1-135, or of nitric acid, spec. grav. 1-143, or of muriatic acid, spec. grav. 1:074, Used in assaying minera waters, - BicarBoNaTE oF PoTASH, Kali aératum, Potasse carbonas, P. L. 1824. Dissolve subcarbonate of potash 11b., in water 3lb., and pass through the liquor the gass expelled by adding pounded marble to dilute sulphuric acid; the carbonate of potash crystal- lizes as fast as it is formed: preferable, as being milder tasted than the subcarbonate; used to form effervescent mixtures, Composed of 6 potash, 5:5 carb. acid, and 1°125 water; equiv. 2-625. Use the same as that of the Subcarbonas potassze already ; noticed. _.2, Dissolve pearl-ash in water, add bran, or saw-dust, to soak up the liquor, put it intoa crucible, cover, lute the joint, and heat the crucible till it is red hot. When cooled, wash out the salt, — evaporate and crystallize, until no more crystals can be obtained ; ‘then heat the remaining liquid with fresh bran, and proceed as before. Lixivium saronarium, Pure potash water, Solution of potash prepared with lime, Eau seconde, Aqua hali puri, Liquor potasse. — Upon quick lime 3vj, pour boiling distilled water lb. vj, and add — subcarbonate of potash lb. j, dissolved in water 2lb.: cover the — vessel, and when cool filter through cotton cloth; if it effervesce — with a dilute acid, it must be treated again with fresh lime. A pint should weigh exactly 3xvj; if it weigh more, for ev drachm of excess add 3ss of distilled water to each lb, Troy; if less, evaporate some part of it. Used in calculous complaints. | AQUA KALI cAusTICI, Aqua potasse. Lime 8 0z., add water 24 0z., when cold add subcarb. pot. 6 oz.; strain, adding fresh — water, so as to get 36 0z.—Henry’s pure potash water. 1s made up to the spec. grav. 1:1; two measures of it have the same effective strength as one measure of his carbonate of potash water. | Used in analyzing substances. PoTasH PREPARED WITH ALCoHoL. Evaporate a solution of salt of tartar, nitre fixed by charcoal, or the white flux, made caustic by quicklime, to the consistence of syrup, cool to about 130 degrees of Fahrenheit, add three times its weight of alcohol, © and keep for some days, draw off the clear, wash the bottoms with fresh alcohol, and add to it the other, Distil off 2 oz. out of 3 of the alcohol used, evaporate the remainder in a silver basin, taking off the scum; when nearly red hot, pour it out on a very dry — marble slab, or silver basin, and break it up as soon as it fixes. To be kept in small parcels, in very dry, well-stopped vessels. <> one en ALKALIES AND THEIR CARBONATES. 275 * Caustic porasu, Pure potash, Hydrate de deutoxide de potas- sium, Lapis infernalis, Lapis septicus, Kali purum. Potassa, P. Kali causticum. Evaporate pure potash water till the boiling | ceases, and the salt melts smoothly like oil, then pour it out on | an iron plate, and cut it into pieces: caustic, but is apt to spread, _ Composed of 6 potash, and 1:125 water; equiv. 7:125, _ © Nrvre rrxep By METALS, Nitrum a metallis fixatum. Regulus _ of antimony 4 0z., melt in a ee crucible, add purified nitre _ 20 oz. at three separate times, an hour apart ; keep the matter in _ fusion for some time. Very caustic. MINERAL ALKALI OR SODA. Britis BARILLA. The ashes of Salicornia Europaa calcined into a porous mass. Very poor in subcarbonate of soda. - Ketp, Varecg. Soude de Normandie. The ashes of Fucus vesi- culosus, and several other species ; contains scarcely any subecar- bonate of soda, never more than 8 in the 100. SMYRNA BARILLA, Cendre du Levant. From Mesembryan- themum Copticum and Salsola kali; contains about 40 in the 100 of subcarbonate of soda. | _ Barrita asues, Spanish barilla, Alicant barilla, Soda Alican- _ tina, 8. Alonensis, Sal alkali, Soda impura, Carbonas sode impura. rom Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum burned with Salsola sativa; contains about 25 in the 100 of subcarbonate of soda. East INDIAN BARILLA AsHES. From Salsola Indica, S. nudi flora, and §, elata. _ Cape parita, From Salsola aphylla and S. soda.— Marseilles barilla. From Salsola soda.—Sicily barilla. From Salsola tragus. _ Branoverre, Souded’ Aigues mortes. ‘The ashes of Salicornia Eu Salsola tragus, Kwiwlen portulacoides, Salsola kali, and Statice limonium: contains about 3 to 8 in the 100 of sub- carbonate of soda. Saticon. Soupe pe Narsonns. The ashes of Salicornia annua: contains about 14 or 15 in the 100 of subcarb. of soda, ALEXANDRIA BARILLA, Roquette, Rochetta Alerandrina. From’ Isola Arabica, with Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum, and lantago squarrosa.—Soude de Bourde. Very bad, stinking. Poon nEER. A whitish earth, containing much subcarb, of soda, found in the East Indies. Natron. From lakes dried up by the summer's heat. Isa Besquicarbonate of soda mixed with salt, and sulphate of soda. Imported from Egypt.—Trona. A similar mineral, imported T2 276 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— from Tripoli. Both are washed for the sesquicarbonate of soda they yield.—Over munnoo. Resembles trona; East Indies. SESQUICARBONATE OF sopA. Obtained from natron and trona; composed of 4 soda, 4°125 carb. ac. and 2.25 water ; equiv. 10°375. Used in making soda water. UNREFINED MINERAL ALKALI, Gaz oppoo. In regular very thin whitish cakes; having been dried in ponds: imported from the East Indies. SUBCARBONATE OF sopDA, Salt of soda, Salt of barilla, Sal alkali, Natron preparatum, Sode subcarbonas, Carbonas sode, P. E. and D. Dissolve Spanish barilla ashes 1b. in water 1 gall., filter and evaporate to 2lb., set it aside to crystallize; antacid, deob- struent, gr. x—3ss, bis terve in die.— Officinal preparation. Sodze subcarbonaS exsiccata, LZ. D.; sode carbonas, L. : 2. By calcining 180lb. ea. of Glauber’s salt and chalk, with 110lb. of charcoal dust, washing out the salt and crystallizing ;_ produces 300]b. of salt, of which 100Ib. is pure subcarbonate of soda. 3. By mixing a solution of Glauber’s salt with a solution of lime in pure pyroligneous acid, boiling for some time, ea evaporating to dryness, calcining the acetate of soda thus obtained, redissolving in water, and crystallizing. ~ 4. Is obtained as a secondary product in making mineral yellow. Composed of 4 soda, 2°75 carb. ac. and 11°25 water ; equiv. 18. Used largely in making hard soap, glass, and dyeing. HENRY’s CARBONATE OF SODA WATER. Dissolve subcarbonate of soda in water, so that the solution may have the sp. gr. of 1-11: 2 meas. are equal in saturating power to one of his carbon. of potash water. Sop # sUBCARBONAS ExsIccaTa, Carbonas sode siccatum. Melt subc. of soda until it becomes dry, stirring it continually : antacid; used also in calculous complaints, in small doses fre- quently repeated, so as to take 9j to ij in the day. BIcARBONATE OF soDA, Sode carbonas, P. L. 1824. Pass the gas from pounded marble dissolving in diluted sulphuric acid through a solution of subcarb. of soda in water, as in making bicarbonate of potash ; antacid, gr. x 9j. 2. Calcine subcarb. of soda with bran, as in making bicarbo- nate of soda; comp. of 4 soda; 5:5 of carb, acid, and 1°125 of water ; equiv. 10°625 . Caustic sopa, Pure soda, is prepared by acting upon sub, carb. of soda with quicklime, as in making caustic potash. _ Sopa PREPARED WITH ALCOHOL. Also prepared in a manner similar to potash. ALKALIES AND THEIR CARBONATES. 277 PorassE pv’Ameriqur, Petite potasse bleue. Caustic soda melted with salt, lime, and oxide of copper; sold to the Paris laundresses for American potash, as they object to using soda. Soar trey. From barilla ashes mixed with one-third their een of quicklime, and the caustic soda and salt washed out with water. Is very various in its strength; and weak leys are afterwards drawn from the same ashes, by pouring on more water, and draining it off, for three or four times. HENRY’s PURE soDA-waTER. From pure caustic soda dis- : solved in water, so as to have the *P. er. of 1:07; is of the same effective strength as his carbonate of soda-water. | VOLATILE ALKALI OR AMMONIA. CARBONATE OF AMMONIA, Subcarbonate of ammonia, Volatile sal ammoniac, Bakers’ salt, Sesquicarbonate Pe sos 2 Sal vola- tilis salis ammoniaci, Ammonia preparata, Ammonie_ carbonas, Ammonie subcarbonas. Sal ammoniac 11b., powdered chalk 2\b. ; mix accurately, and sublime. This is stimulant, antacid, diapho- retic, and antispasmodic, and is used in hysteria, dyspepsia, and chronic rheumatism. Dose gr. v to xv in pills, or in any bland fluid. Officinal preparation. —Ammonie bicarbonas; Liquor ammoniz acetatis; Cuprum ammoniatum, L. Z. D. 2, Sal ammoniac, subcarb. of soda, ana lb. }; sublime. P.D. Stimulant, and used as an errhine, like the spirit. Much used by the bakers, to make bread in a hurry: the bread is yellowish, and the cells very small, but it. may be baked as soon as the dough is mixed. When fresh-made is composed of 2°125 amm. 4125 carb. acid, with 1-125 water; equiv. 7°375. By keeping the outer surface loses a portion of its ammonia, and is changed into bicarbonate, which has not the pungency or volatility of the sesquicarbonate. SPIkIT OF HARTSHORN, Spiritus cornu cervi, Liquor volatilis cornu cervi. From hartshorn, by distillation; when rectified, has a pleasant refreshing odour. SALT oF HARTSHORN, Volatile salt, Smelling salt, Sal cornu cervi, is obtained in the same process with spirit of hartshorn, and is purified by mixture with 1-8th of chalk and sublimation with 4 gentle heat: pleasant smell. Salt of oxteeth is sold for it, in rance. Srinit or oxtxetsn, Salt of oxteeth. Nearly equally pleasant as spirit of hartshorn, for which they are sold. Roven sone srimr, Liquor volatilis ossium. From bones which have been boiled for their grease by distillation in iron pots or cylinders ; separating the oil and salt by filtration; 1-5th more 278 VII. EARTHS AND ALKALIES,— alkali is obtained in unluted vessels than in luted. Hales says, subcarb. of ammonia heated absorbs air. x _RectiFiep Bone spirit, Salt of bones, Sal ossium. The rough irit, distilled from 1-8th of wood ashes, or charcoal powder ; the salt of bones first arises; when it begins to melt by the spirit that succeeds, the distillation is stopped for the present, the salt taken out, and then distillation begun again, till nearly the whole of the liquor has come over. Spirit oF uRINE, Spiritus urine, Salt of urine. Obtaited largely from urine which has been kept a little while; for if fresh, the water must be distilled off before the spirit will appear. Spirit oF woop soot, Spiritus fuliginis, Salt of wood soot, Sal _fuliginis. From wood soot; strongly scented, anti-epileptic. LiquID MILD VOLATILE ALKALI, Spirit of sal ammoniac, Spi- ritus salis ammoniaci, Aqua ammonia, P. L. Aqua carbonatis ammonie. Subcarb. of potash 3lb., sal ammoniac 2lb., water 8lb. ; distil to dryness. LiqvuoRkR AMMONIZ CARBONATIS, Ligue ammonie subcarbo- natis. Subcarb. of ammonia 3iiij, distilled water lb. j; dissolve and filter: stimulant, gtt, xx to 3}, also as an errhine. Henry's carbonate of ammonia-water. Dissolve subcarbonate of ammonia in water, so that the sp. gr. may be 1°046: two mea- sures are equal in saturating acids to one of his carbonate of — potash-water. Used in analysis. AMMONIACAL Liguor. From coals; obtained in those gas- works that use coals; a chaldron yielding about 200 gallons, — Used to make sal ammoniac. CAUSTIC VOLATILE ALKALI, Spirit of sal ammoniac with lime, — Aqua ammonie pure. Lime, water ana lb. ij; slake and add sal ammoniac lb. j, boiling water lb. vj, cover the vessel imme- diately ; when cold pour off the liquor, and distil with a gentle _ heat lb. } Agua AMMoNI£ caustics. Lime Ib. ij, water Ib. j, slake - and cover it up: the next day add sal ammoniac 3xvj, water Ib. v, distil 3xxj. The specific gravity ought to be ‘954; ora bottle holding 3xij of water should hold 3xj—3iijss of this fluid. Aqua ammonia, P. E. Lime Ib. jss, water ix, slake, ee cool add sal ammoniac lb. } ; distil into distilled water lb. j, until the retort becomes red hot. Liquor ammonia, Lime 3yj, water lb. j; slake, and cover up for an hour, then add sal ammoniac 3viij, boiling water !b. 11), and cover till cold, then strain and distil 3xij. Specific gravity should be ‘960; or a bottle holding 3xij of water should hold 3xjss of this fluid. This is seldom given internally—externally, _---. Nevurrar Satts. 279 s 2 rubefacient, or vesicant.— Principal officinal preparation. oniz hydrosulphuratum, D. Z.; Linimentum ammoniz, BD, L.; Liniment. camph. comp., D, Z.; Liniment. hydrar- gyri, L. Henry's pure ammonia-water. Made up to the sp. gr. of ‘970; one measure is equal in saturating acids to one measure of his carbonate of potash-water. Used in testing liquors. - Liqvor voLATILIS CORNU CERVI cUM CALCE. Spirit of hartshorn 4/b., fresh slaked lime 1b., distil into water kept cool, _ and, if necessary, adjust its specific gravity by the addition of dis- tilled water, or by repeating the distillation: antacid, stimulant. NEUTRAL SALTS. Water, when saturated with any one salt, will dissolve another or even several other salts; hence a small quantity of water, poured upon a large mass of impure salt, saturates itself with the most abundant, and then, dissolving the other salts which render it impure, leaves the remainder in a state of purity. SALTS OF ALUMINE,. , Atum, Lump alum, Sulphate of alumine and potash, Rock alum, _ Alun de roche, Alun de glace, Alumen vulgare, Sulphas alumine. In large lumps, formed by pouring a solution at 50 deg. Baume into barrels, where it forms a rman solid mass. Obtained from different minerals by elixation and crystallization, previously — adding potash or potash and urine: tonic, astringent, gr. v.—xx} in gargles, 3ss to water 3iv; in eye-waters and injections, gr. xij _ to water Zvj: used largely by the dyers, also to harden tallow for mould candles, and many other purposes in the arts. Roacn atum, Alun fin, Alumen crystallinum, A. rupeum. stallized from a solution at 25 or 30 deg. Baume. In pyra- midal lumps of crystals; preferred by the dyers in certain pro- cesses. Aun pe tece. Impure, but by solution and recrystalliza- tion is rendered very pure. ITALIAN ROACH ALUM, Alun de Rome, Alumen Romanum, A. rubrum. 1n crystals, pale red when broken, and covered with a reddish efflorescence: not refined; used by the dyers; contains no ammonia nor iron. Turkey atum, Alun de Smyrne, Alumen de Rochi. From the original manufactory of Roccha, in Syria; in pieces the size of an almond to that of an egg, covered with a reddish efflores- _cence.—The potash sulphates of alumine are composed of 20 280 VII, EARTHS AND ALKALIES.— sulph. acid, 6°75 alumine, 6 potash, and 28-125 water: equiv. 60°875. AMMONIA ALUM, Sulphate of alumine and ammonia, Alun ammoniacal, From the same minerals as potash alum, but _erystallized by means of urine or sulphate of ammonia. — In small scaly crystals, rather less soluble in water than potash alum ; lose their ammonia in time. Used in dyeing certain colours. Com-. posed of 20 sulph. acid, 6°75 alumine, 2125 ammonia, and 28:125 water; equiv. 57. : Burnt atum, Alumen ustum, A. exsiccatum, Sulphas alumine exsiccatum. By melting common alum, and keeping it on the fire until it cease to boil : used in colic, 3} for a dose; externally escharotic: 5lb. yield 3lb. SALTS OF BARYTES. Mouriate or Barytes, Chloride of barium, Hydrochlorate of barytes, Murias baryte. . Dissolve carbonate of barytes, or rat’s stone, llb., in spirit of salt 1lb., previously mixed with water 3lb.; filter and crystallize by repeated evaporation. 2. Mix sulphate of barytes, i. e. cawk, 2lb., with charcoal 4 0z.; keep itred hot in acovered vessel for six hours, boil the mass in water 8lb., strain, and to clear the liquor add spirit of salt as long as it produces any effervescence ; mn crystallize by evaporation. Vermifuge, alterant; used gr. j, bis terve in die, in cancer and scrofula. SoLuTIO MURIATIS BARYT#. .Murias baryte 3), distilled water 3iij ; dissolve: deobstruent, gtt. v—viij, bis terve die, in cancer and scrofula: externally escharotic, to fungous ulcers and specks on the cornea. ACETATE. OF BARYTES. By dissolving carbonate of barytes in pure acetic acid, evaporating and crystallizing. NITRATE oF BARYTES. By dissolving carbonate of barytes in nitric acid, evaporating and crystallizing. The solutions of both the acetate and nitrate of barytes are used to discover sulphuric acid, and the crystals of the nitrate to discover, by fusion, potash, soda, or lithium in minerals. ‘SALTS OF LIME. . HyprosutpHaTE oF LIME, with sulphur (liquid). One part of sulphur, two parts of subcarbonate of lime, and nine of water: these are to be added together, and boiled in an earthen vessel, until completely saturated ; the liquid is then to be decanted and filtered. It is of a deep brown colour; has been found useful in psora: 1 oz. and a half to be rubbed in three times a day. : : ~ ‘Nevtrat Sauts. - 281 -*Morrate or time, Hydrochlorate of lime, Murias calcis. ‘Dissolve the mass left in the distillation of lime with sal ammoniac in water; filter and evaporate to dryness. 2. Dissolve white marble or chalk in muriatic acid, and evapo- rate todryness. Used for preparing the liquid muriate employed asa substitute for muriate of barytes. _ Lieuip sHELL, Liquor caleis muriatis. Murias calcis 4ij, distilled water EM. oLEI TEREBINTHINS. Ol. tereb. rect. 9j, sacch. alb, 3}, itell. unius ovi, emuls. amygd. 3iv; in nephritic pains. © Ex. reresintuine, Tereb, Chie 3ij, sacch. albi 3), vitellum ius ovi, emuls, amygd. 3iv ; in gleets. Em. PRO GONORRH@A cuHronica. Bals. copaibe, syrup. lutan., gum Arabic, ana 3}, spirit. ether. nit. 3ijss, aq. rose 3vj, nist. 3ss ad 3j ; bis ter in die. | Ex. errervescens. Mist. amygdala 3}, vini ipecac. gtt. x, “potas. carbon. gr. x: add succ., limon. 3iij, and take it while it esces : expectorant. , _ 2. Mist. amygd, 3}, pot. carbon. gr. x, syr. papav. rubri 3}, ‘succ, limon. Bi): deimulcent. _ Louocn atzum. Amygd. dulc. No. 16, amygd. amar. No. 2, ug rose 3iv, make an emulsion, add gum tragacanth, gr. xvj, acch. albi 3}, ol. amygd. 3iv, aq, flor, aurant. 3ij ; spermaceti or . may also be added. — Lou. cummosum. Gum Arab. 5}, aq. rose Ji, ol, amygd. Jiv, tyr. althoa 3). z2 340 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— Lou. ovi. Vitellum unius ovi, ol. amygd. 3ij, syr. althaeze 3}, aq. rosee 3iij. Lon. Troncnin. Ol. amygd., syr. capilli Ven., manna, pulpz cassee, ana Zij, gum. tragacanth. gr. xvj, aq. fl. aurant. 31] : is sufficient for two'days, beyond which it will not keep. | Lou. viripr. Syr. violar. 3), pistach. 3iv, infus. croci gtt. XV, aq. rose 3iv, gum. tragacanth. gr. xvj, ol. amygd 3iv, aq. fl. — aurant. 3ij. ICED CREAMS, ORGEATS, &c. Cream for icing. New milk 2 pints, yelk of 4 eggs, white sugar 4 0z.; rub together, strain, heat gently, and cool gradually ; ice as wanted: used also to make flavoured ices.—To ice cream and other liquids, put 2 pints into a covered icing pot, capable of holding twice as much, keep cool in a pail of ice; bruise ice 6lb., mix it in a deep pan, with salt 2lb.; throw some of this mixture into the hollow made by the the icing pot, and every five or six minutes open the pot, break down the ice that forms on the inside of the t, that the whole may be converted into ice; as the ice and salt melt, add fresh. | Coffee for icing, Sorbet au caffé.—Tea for icing, Sorbet au thé. Cream for icing 2 pints, strong coffee or tea 2 oz., sugar 1 o7,, yelk of 4 eggs: ice as wanted. nb Chocolate for icing, Sorbet au chocolat. Chocolate 2 0z., rub 1 down with cream for icing 2 pints; and ice as wanted. . Sorbet @ la vanille. Cream for icing, flavoured with syrup of vanilla: ice as wanted. | Serbet a la pistache—Sorbet. aux amandes ordinaires. Beat. blanched almonds, or pistachia kernels 4 0z., into a paste, add — cream for icing 2 pints, sugar 2 oz. ; ice as wanted. i Sorbet a la pistache de Provence. Provence almonds blanched — 2 oz., apricot kernels blanched + 0z., white sugar 2 0z., cream for _ icing 2 pints, rub together, strain, and ice as wanted. ,, Orgeat, Sirop dorgeat, Syrupus hordeatus. Amygd. dule. lb. jy amygd. amar. 31}; make an emulsion by adding barley water 2 pints ; strain, to the strained liquor 3x, add sacch. alb. Ib. jss, and when the sugar is dissolved, aq. flor. aurant. 3}. " Syrupus amygdalinus. Jordan almonds 8 oz., bitter almonds 4 0z., water q. s. to make a very thick emulsion, strain, add the remainder of 2 pints of water, sugar 3lb., orange-flower water 2— oz.; sp. limon. cort. 3vj ; strain through flannel. "i 2. Bitter almonds 8 oz., rose water a pint, orange-flower water _ 1 oz., make an emulsion, strain, and add white sugar 2b. Orgeat. Almond paste for orgeat 6 oz., water 2 pints, strain, flavour with orange-flower water. : Fs Watery Mixtvres. 341 y WATERY MIXTURES. “FOR MEDICAL USE. _ AQUA aLuMrnosa oF Fattiopus. Corr. sublim., ana 3ij, _ Tose water, plantain water, ana |b. j, boil to a half and filter. _ Ag. aLtuminis Batrana, Ag. aluminis. composita, Li _aluminis compositus. Alum, white vitriol, ana zss, water Ib. iij ; _ dissolve and filter: astringent; used in washing ulcers and erup- tions, or as an injection in gonorrhcea and the whites. _ Minerat sotvent, Fowler’s solution of arsenic, Solvens minerale, Liquor arsenicalis. White arsenic, kali ppi., ana gr. lxiv, distilled _ water Ib. j: boil, and when cold, add lavender drops Ziiij, distilled water q. s. tomake an exact pint : tonic, febrifuge ; used in agues ; _ doses to adults gtt. xij, ter in die: stout boys, gtt. x—xij ; young boys and girls, gtt. vij—x; children under seven, gtt. v—vij ; two to four, gtt. ij—v. | SypENHAM’s sTYPTIC WATER, Aqua vitriolica cerulea. Blue ren 3iij, alum, oil of vitriol, ana Lorio otz0sa, Liquoris calcis, olei olive, aa partes sequales, _ Yettow wasn, Aq. phagedenica. Lime water |b. j, corrosive imate 38s; rub together: shake up when used as a wash for foul ulcers, particularly the syphilitic. 7 349 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS— ‘a Wuire wash, Royal preventive, Aq. lithargyri acetati com- — posita, Liquor plumbi acetatis dilutus, Lig. subacetatis lithargyri — compositus. Extr. Saturni, proof spirit, ana j, distilled water — bj: cooling, astringent ; used as a lotion in inflammations and burns. ; « Yowtne’s purciNe prinx. Carbon ‘of soda Sijss, crystals of | tartar 3iij, water 3viij, corked up immediately in stone bottles and ‘wired ; a pleasant cooling laxative in summer. Warbd’s wHiTe Drops. Quicksilver 12 0z., spir. nitre Ob. 3 dissolve, add ammonia ppa. 14 0z., evaporate so as to form a light salt, which drain and dissolve in rose water 3lb. and a half. 2, Quicksilver 4 oz., spir. nitte Ib. j; dissolve, add ammonia — ppa. 7 0z., evaporate and cr stallive chen dissolve each pound of — salt in three pints and a half of rose water. “— 8, Corrosive sublimate 3jss, spirit of salt 2 0z., water lb. jss: very inferior, , Liqueur DE Pressavin. Dissolve quicksilver in spirit of — nitre and precipitate it with subcarb. of potash, then take this en and cream of tartar ana 1 oz., distilled water 40 02.5 dissolve: two spoonsful of this liquor is diluted with two pints of — distilled water, and a wine glass, i. e. 2 oz. taken quaterve die, — avoiding the use of common salt in the food: used in syphilis. Atum wiry, Serum lactis dluminosum. Cows’ milk. 1b 588, alum 3ijss; boil together and strain. Jae Mustarp wHEy, Serum lactis sinapinum. Cows’ milk lb ij, sem. sinapeos cont. 2 oz.; boil together and strain, 3h ~~ Cottyrium astrtncens. Vini opii 3ij, zinci sulphatis” 9ss, aque rosarum, aque puree, 4a 3vj. Misce. iT. rs! Cortyrivm antrpuLocisticum. Liquoris plumbi subace-_ tatis 3ss, aquee rosarum %ij, aquee distillate Ib. ss, Misce aquam — tepidam, partibus zqualibus, tempore utendi. A 58 “ws. se SA : _ Cotiyrium acetosum. Aceti dist. 3), spir. vini 3ij, aq. rose 3xij: in ophthalmia. | e . De Broy’s cot. ators. Aloes hep. 3), vini albi, aq. rosar. ‘ana 3jss: in ulcerated eyelids. a tims .. Bates’s EYE-waTer.. Vitriol cer., bol. Gall. ana gre XVp camph. ‘gr. iv, eq. ferv. 3iv; when cold add aq. Ib. iv. ee Common EYE-waTER, Ag. ophthalmica, Aq. vitriolica campho- ‘rata. White vitriol 3ss, camphire 3ij, boiling water lb. ij; dis- “solve and filter. Re ce AQ. ZINCI VITRIOLATA CUM CAMPHORA. White vitriol 3ss,_ spiritus camphoratus 3ss, boiling water lb. ij ; dissolve and filter: _ vua a Watery Mixrures. 343 3 _ discutient ; used as a lotion for ulcers, or diluted with water p. i aq. as a collyrium. 3 Col. AMMONIL® ACETATIS. Opii gr, x, aque ferv. 3vj; solve, cola et adde liq. ammon. acet. 3ij: when ophthalmia is very painful. 2. Lig. ammon. acet. 3ij, mist. camph. 3vj: when ophthalmia has left the eyes relaxed and weak. GovLarD’s EYE-waTER, Col. Goulard:. - Extr. Saturni gtt, _-X, aq. rosar. 3yj. | 2. Extr. Saturni gtt. x, spir. camph. t. XX, aq. rosar. 3 viij : in * inflammatory stage of ophthalmia. wih i Cot. opri. Opii gr. x, camphore gr. vj, aq. ferv. 3xij eoletur : 1 if ophthalmia is very painfi Cox. saccnant Saturni. Gr. yj to aq. rosar. 3yj. ~ Cot. vitrioti ALsr. Gr. x to it rosar. 3viij. _ 2. Vitrioli albi 3), spir. camph. 3jss, aq. fervent. 3ij, ay. rosar. Biv: in the weak state of the eyes after ophthalmia. ~ 8. Vitr. alb. 3ss, album unius ovi, aq. rosar. Siv; the same, but much stronger. 4 Cot. VITRIOLI c#RvLEI, Vitr. cerul. gr. iiij, mist.camph. 3v, 1 the purulent ophthalmia of infants. __Ligvor zinct acetatis. Zinci sulph. gr. xxiv, aque distill. iv, solve: plumbi superacetat. gr. xxxij, aque distillat. 3iv, solve. ix the solutions, let them rest a little, and then filter. In 00 ‘thalmia and gonorrhcea. Emmrocatio aMMoNI£ AcETATIS. Liq. amm, acet. lb. j, spir. -vini 3iij; for sprains and bruises, Ems. campnors. Camph. 3ss, spir. vini lb. ss, aceti dist. 3vj, aque ij. _ Emp. saronis. Sapon. alb. 3iij, spir. vini 3xij, spir. corn. _cervi Ziv, camph. 3] ; as the former. _ Purerxe ctyster, enema catharticum. Manne 3), dec. cha- ‘mem. 3x, ol. olivar. 3), sal. Epsom 3ss. _ Ewxema Perinum. ‘To the former add tinct. assefoetide 3ij ; _ antispasmodic. ' a opi. Inf. lini Sviij, tinct. opii 3j: in pains from toniées ctyster, Enema tabaci. Fol. tabaci 9ij, aq. ferv. jij; as soon as sufficiently cool, throw up one Pile and the ainder half an hour afterwards if necessary, in strangulated ia. 344 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— ENEMA TEREBINTHIN®. Tereb. comm. 38s, vitellum ov unius, inf. lini 3x: in calculus. ' Common cLyst&R, Enema domestica. Mutton broth strained, linseed oil, of each a quarter of a pint, brown sugar an oz. Enema catuarticum. Dec, malye c, x, magnes, sulph. 3), ol. oliv. zij; m. _ Ey. reripum. Dec. malve c, =x, assefoet. 3ij, spir. ammon. comp. 3jss, tinct. opii 38s; m. . _ Ew. stimutans. Colocynth. pulp. 3}, boil in aque =xij, strain and add sal. comm., syr. rhamni, ana zj; m. » Ey. OPIATUM. Mucilag. amyli Watery Mixtores. 345 __Iwsecrto caustict Lunaris. Caust. Lun. gr. ij, aq. dist. 3); for fistulous sores, __Lrynrenrvum catcis, L. aque caleis. Linseed or common olive oil, lime water, ana p. eq., shake them together. Liv. ori. Linim. camph. comp. 3ix, tinct. canthar. 3j, tinct. opii 3ij; stimulant and anodyne. _ Lorto acipi nirrici. Aq. fortis 3j, aque lb. j; in mortifi- cation. a Lotion or Prussic acip. Magendie’s medicinal Prussic ; acid 3ij to ziiij, aq. sambuci |b. j ; in cancer. __ L, atumints, Alum., aceti distil., vitrioli alb. ana 3ss, aque Ib. ij; for chilblains. : : L. ammonite AcEraTis. Spir. rect. 3ij, liquor ammon, acet. ee 4 NE ee _ $v: in phlegmonous inflammation. | L. Gocraror. Extr. Saturni 3j, S. V. R. ij, aque rose Ib. j. i 2, Extr. Saturni 3ij, acet. dist. ziv, S. V. R. 3ss, aquee rose _ Ib. j: as the former. Brack wasn, L. hydrargyri nigra. Calomelanos 3ij, aq. ~ealeis Ib. j: in syphilis. , _L. myrrue. Tinct. myrrhe, aq. calcis, ana 3ij: in scorbutic pu } L. orm. Opii 5ij, aq. distil lb, j: for painful and irritable ulcers. ; _ L. satis amMownract. Sal. ammon., 3}, aceti, spir. rect. ana |b. ss; in circocele. | _ L. virrionit cervunet. Vitriol. cerul., boli Gall. ana 3 ss, gpemphorer: 3 aq. fery. |b. iv: in phagedzenic ulcers. | - Havusrvus ammonite aceratis. Lig. ammon. acet. 3iij, mist. ‘camph. 3xij, liq. antim. tartar. gtt. xx, syr. croci 3); every four hours, in low fevers, as a diaphoretic. ’ Havsrus acipi nirrict come. Misr. TARTARI EMETICI. Liq. antim. tart. 3ss, salis nitri Bij, aq. menthz viridis 3vj, syr. simpl. 3ss: diaphoretic, three spoonful every three hours. at ae EMETIcA. Vin. ipecac.3j, tart. emet. gr. j, aq. 3jss: r = hy 1 for a dose. : r ‘tg Tpecae. 38s, tart. emet. gr.j, tinct. scille 3), aq. 3viss. ; “dose Goch. maj. iiij at first and two more every fifteen minutes till ~ 8, Tart. emet. gr. ij, aq. ziv: dose coch. med. ij every quarter of an hour. » 4. Vitrioli cerul. gr. x, aq. 3ij, for a dose. _ Mist. antisrasmopica. ‘Tiuct. castor. 3j, ether. sulph. “git. x, tinct. opii gtt. vij, aq. cinnam. 3jss: for a dose, thrice a wage Dj, gum Arab. 38s, aq. rose 3}, ether. sulp. 3): for one dose, pro re nata. : - 3. Assafeet. 4j, aq. menth. pip. 4j, tinct. valer. amm. 3ij ‘tinct. cast. 5iij, ath, sulph. 4): dose coch. maj. j every two boda } in hysteria. ; _ 4. Rad. valer. Dj, tinct. valer. amm., tinct. castor. ana 4}, mist. . 4amph. xij, for a dose thrice a day. Mistuna Sxpativa. (Inf. for child.) Magnesie subcar- is, crete preparatee, pulv. acacie, aa 5ij, spiritus ammonie 3)8, tinct. assafeetida 5iij, syrup. papaveris 3s, aqugze illate O j. Misce. Dosis, A 4) ad 3ss, 8tis, vel Atis, vel tis horis. Interdum adde tinct. catechu. &c. Ke. | _ Misr. Narcorica, Tinct. opii gtt. xv, syr. papav. 3ij, spir. cinnam. %j, aq. 3j; for a dose, at the commencement of the hot fit of an ague. 348 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— 2, Mist. camph. 3}, sp. ether c. 3ss, tinct. opil gtt. x, syr. papav. 3): for a night draught. Goong ee Mist. purGaNs. Sal. Epsom, sal. Glaub, ana 3jiij, aq. menth, | vir. 3ss, liq. antim. tart. 5}: dose coch. maj. ij, thrice a day. 2. Sal. Epsom, sal. Glaub, ana §ss, vitrioli virid. gr. v, mist camph. 3vijss: dose cochl. maj. ij, twice a day, for a con- tinuance. 3. Ol. ricini 3ss, vitelli ovi q. s, syr. papay. 3ij, tinct. = gtt. v, aq. 3j; for adose, every three or four hours, in Devonshire or painters’ colic. 4, Rad. rhei gr. xviii., potas. supersulph. gr. x., aq. cinnam 3}, for a dose. 5. Sode tartar. 3}, sode carbon.9j, aq. 3jss, dissolve, and add when about to be taken succi limon. coch. j maj. to cause an — effervescence ; for a morning draught, daily. 6. Sode carbon.. 3ij, ferri sulph. gr. iij, magnes, alb. 3j, aq. Ib. jss: when the ote Niele, a SS tric ge the bottle immediately until required ; an excellent tonic. i Mist. piuretica. Inf. gentianze comp. 3jss, potas. subcarb- gr. X., spir. ether. comp. 38s, tinct. cinnam. 3); for one dose. 2. Potas, subcarb. 9} succ. limon. 3ss, or q. s, aq. cinnam, 3), aceti scille 3jss, tinct. opii gtt. v, syr. aurant. 3ss; for a dose — twice a day, frequently. | 3.. Potas,. acet. 3j, oxym. colchici 5ij, aq. 3), spir. jump. ¢ sss; for a dose. 4, Lig. ammon. acet. 3j, potas. acet.3j: for a dose, thrice a day ‘scillze 3vj; dose coch. ampl. j, every four hours. . 6. Tinct. lytte gtt. x, sp. ether. nitr. 5j, mist, camph. 3xij, syr. 2Z, 3j: fora dose, thricea day. ta Mist. DIURETICA FoRTIOR. .Infus. digitalis zvss, tinct. digi talis 38s, potassze acetatis 31), tinct. opii yy, viij. Misce, zss ad 3ss _ bis terve de die. — a Mist. DIURETICA ET. TONICA. Infus. gentianze comp. Vj, acetatis potassz 3jss, spirjt. Junip. comp., spir. armorac. comp. ana 38s, spirit. zether. nit. zijss. “Misce. Misr. antraysteRica. Assafcetid. 3}, tere cum aq. menth. piper. 3vj, dein adde. tinct. valer. ammon. 3ij, tinct. castora 3iij, ether. sulph. 3jss.Misce. Dose ss, 2 dis horis. ad Mist. aMMONIACI compos. Ammoniaci 3jss, aq. cinnamoni. sv, tinct..castoree 3jss, tinct. opii ML x, syrup, tolutan, 3}. Misce, ss ad 3}, subinde. ¥ s 5. Sal. nitri 3j, mist. ammon. yj, 2 i junip. c. 3jss, aceti d spir. vitrioli 3x, and stop ~ | ih eve oy bk Pt ; +. © Misr. Caxmmnariva. Magnes. uste gr. xxxv, pulv. rhei er. viij, sacchar. albi 3jss, olei anisi gtt. v, tinct. castorei gtt. xv, tinct. opii gtt. iv, aq. fontan. 3ij. Misce. Dose, 3j ad Siij, infantibus. i Misr. ANoDYNA, (pro infantibus). Teste prepar. 31), syrup. papav. alb. 3), we ammon. foetid. 3js, olei. anethi. aa gtt. ij, aq. distil. 31). osis, 3j—3i}, 4tis horis. Mist, exrpecrorans. Assafcet. Dij, aq. menthe sat. 311), syr. Tolu. 3j ; dose coch. maj. j, every three hours. Watery Mixrures. 349 2. Mist. ammon., aq. cinnam. ana 3jss, syr. Tolu. 3ss, tinct. _ castor. 3ij, tinct. opii gtt. v; dose coch. maj. j, when the cough is troublesome, in pertussis. _ Mist. piarHoretica. Mist. camph. 3jss, liq. ammon. acet. $ss, liq. antim. tart. gtt. xx, tinct. opii gtt. x ; for one dose. _ 2. Potas. carbon. gr. x, mist. camph. 3}; for a dose, to be taken with lemon juice, while effervescing. - Mistura piarnoretica, (Inf. for child.) Liquoris ammonie acetatis iv, vini antimonil tartarizati 3ss, vini ipecacuanhee 3ij, syrupi papaveris 5ss, a distillate 3xx. Misce. Dosis, a 3] ad 3) 3tis, 4tis, vel 6tis horis. Interdum adde spiritum etheris | nitrici, vel tincturam opii. -_ _Mistura piarHoretica ANopyNa. (Inf: for child.) _Liquo- ris ammoniz acetatis 3iv., vini antimonii tartarizati, vini ipecacu- anhe, 3ij, aa spirits etheris nitrici 3ss, Bra papaveris 3), extracti conii gr. xiv, aque distillate 3xij. Misce. Dosis, A 3} ad 3ss 4tis, vel 6tis horis. _ Misr. emmenacoca. Aq. cinnam. 3), mist. ferri comp. 3ss ; for a dose, twice a day. | _ 2. Tinct. ferri mur. tinct. aloes c. ana 3ss, tinct. castor. 3ij ; _ dose cochl, minimum j, in a cup of camomile tea, three times a day. _ Mist. pemutcens. Sperm. ceti 3ij, vitel. ovi dimid., syr. simpl. 3ss, aq. cinn. 3ij, aq. 3iv; dose coch. maj. j, frequently. - Mist. anracipa. Liq. potasse 3ij, liq. calcis 3vj; dose one or two spoonsful pro re nata, in beef tea. | m2. Magn. albwe 5ss, aq. menth. pip. 3ijss, spir. lavand. c. 5ss, | syr. carui 3iv, syr. 2z. 3ij; dose coch. med. j, pro re nata. | Misr. satsami Pervviant. Balsam. Peruv. 3ij, mellis des- | pumati 3ij, misce ct adde gradatim, decocti glycyrrh. 3vj, acid. ))| sulphur. arom, gtt. xx, tinct. aurantii co. 3ss. Misce. . In ‘doses )) of 35s, and 5jss, in diseases of debility. (I. C.) _ Mist. reruicrnans.. Sal. amm. 3ij, acet. 3ij, spir. camph. 388; for a lotion. P j 350 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS. 2. Extr. Saturn, 3}, acet. Sh, S. V. R,. 3ij, aq. 3viij; he * i otion, Misr. struutans. Ammon. carb. 3ss, a aq. menth. pip. si), te aurant. 3ss , dose coch. med. when the patient is faint. . Mist. camph. 3), sp. seth. sulph. 31), tinct, cardam. c. . Ziv, rig anisi 3vj, ol. carui gtt, xij, syr. ZZ. 3ij, aq, menth. pip. vss; dose coch. maj. ij, pro re nata, in windy colic. Misr. roporans. _ Infus, rosar. co. 3vss; quining sulphatis gre xij, acidi sulph, arom. MM xxv, tinct. aurantii co. 3iij. In doses of — 3ss—3jss, bis ter die. | Mistura Tonica. Infusicascarille Jb, ij, tinet. aurant. comp. $ 3ij, acidi sulphurici aromat. 3ij. Misce. Dosis, a cochlear. jad — Cochl. ij, magna ter die, by MIXTURE OF HYDROCYANATE OF POTASH. Hydroc, of potash dl 3}, distilled water 1 pint, sugar 3jss; coch. med. j, nocte maneque, — or in divided doses. 7 2. Hydrocyan. potassee gtt. xv, aq. distill, 3ij, syr. simp. 3) 5 | coch. min. j. omnibus tribus horis. MIxTURE OF CYANURET OF POTASH. Cyanur. potassee gr, ae , aq. dist. 3ij, syr. simp. 3} ; coch. med. j. omnib. duobus horis. ¥ Mixr, oF BRucine. Brucine gr. v, sach. alb. 3ij, aq. dist. ij; & coch, maj. j, nocte maneque. cf t ANopyYNE pRors, Acetate of morphia, gr. xvj, acid, acet. git. iij, S. V. R. 3}, water 3}; anodyne, git. 6 to 24: the sulphate mens be used for a change, MIXTURE OF COLOURED EMETINE. Emetine gr, iij ss, simple syrup 3ss, water 31) ; coch, med, j, every half hour ; emetic, , _ Mixr. or pure Eemetine. Pure emetine gr. j, dissolve in a typ s or two of nitric acid, simple syrup 3), water 31ij; mix ; coch. med, j, every fifteen minutes till vomiting is produced, ia Mixr. oF stRycHNINE, Strychnine gr. j, sacch. alb. 31}, acet. gtt. 1), aq. dist. 31) ; in palsy, coch. min. j, nocte maneque: oe Mrxt. or Prussic_acip. Magendie’s medicinal Prussic acid — 3}, water Ib. j, sugar 3jss ; coch. med. j, morning and evening, a to coch, vj or viij in a day and night. 1 2. Magendie’s medicinal Prussic acid gtt. xv, simple syrup 7 wate? 3ij ; cochl. med. j, every eight hours. AcIDUM HYDROCYANICUM VEGETABILE. Ol. amygda. amar. zether. fresh made 3}, alcoholis, aq. distil. ana Siv; m. ; dose gtt. ij, gradually increased. 4 ap _ Wareny Mrxtovnes, 35} _ . Agua nyproc. vecet. Ol. amygd, amar. fresh made 3j, bliniie 3jss, aq. distil 3xvjss. _ Mistura arsentcatts. Liquor. arsenicalis. 3iij, tinct. car- lamom. com. 3v, aque cinnamom. 3iij, aq. distil. giv, Misce. Dosis $j, bis terve in die. ‘Taken after ameal for agues, periodic eephalalgia, lepra, chronic rheumatism, &e. sip Mist. contr composita. Extracti conii gss, sod sub-car- . gr. xlv. Decocti glycyrrh. 3 vss, apni9 pimentee Jiij. sce. Dosis, 3ss—3ij, in pertussis, and pulmonary irritation. _. Misr. cincnonz arentens. Confectionis rose gallice 4); ‘contere cum decoct. cinchonz ferventis, 3viij, stent simul per joram et cola.,——liquori colat. adde acidi sulphur. dil. 3}, magnesia ‘sulphatis Zivss, spiritus myristice 3ss. Misce. Dosis 3j—3jss, bis terve quotidie. . } Mistura caTrwarticaAAMMONIATA. Olei menth, virid, m, xij, hari purif, 3iij, tere simul, tum adjice infus. senne co. 3vij, dz sulphatis 3j, tinct. senne 3y, spirit, ammon. aromat. $i), is 3J—3)- Misr. otreant compos. (Sprague). Gum res. olibani 3ij, s. copaibse 3jss, mucilag. acaciz 3jss, mellis despumati 3), aque -cinnamom. $v, tinct. cantharidis 31}. Misce. 3ss—3jss, bis ter in . In gleets, leucorrhoea, &c. _ Misr. myrruz, (Sprague). Myrrhe 3jss, decoct. glycyrrh. rventis Svss; tere aut, et cola. Dosis 3} bis terve saddle: with either sub-carbonate of soda, or a little mineral acid, or camphorated tincture of opium. 2. ~ Mist. nuei compos, (Sprague). Rhei radicis pulveris 3ss, 3jss, sod sub-carbon. 3)—3jss, decocti glycyrrh. 3vjss, tinct. rantii vj. Misce. Doses 3 ss—%3jss, twice or thrice a day as ic, or aperient. _ Mist. rus. uve urs cum picitaLe. Infus. uve ursi 3vijss, idi sulph. dil. 3ij, tinct. digitalis 3), syrup. papaveris, Siij. Misce. In chronic inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and mucous membrane of the urinary organs. | c MIXTORE WITH INFUSION of UvA URSI. Mist. infus. uve ursi p. Infus. uve ursi 3 vijss, potassee carbon. 3ij, extracti conii . XX, extract papaveris gr. xxv, syrup. zingiberis 3iij. Misce, 3j—3jss. In chronic diseases of the urinary organs, Hapen’s tiqvor orit sepativus. Extract a tincture from bottoms of tinctura opii, by means of tartaric acid dissolved water. Oxyruopinum. Ol. rosati 3ij, aceti rosati 3): used as a lini t in herpes and erysipelas.. 7 ’ ¥ ty 352 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— Soot prors, Fit drops, Tinctura fuliginis. Wood soot 3ij, kali ppm. Ib. ss, sal. ammon. 3}, aq. fluvial. lb. inj ; digest for three days, and strain: antispasmodic. : i Datsy’s cARMINATIVE. Magn. alb. 9ij, ol. menth. pip. gtt. — j, ol. nuc. mosch. gtt. iij, ol. anisi gtt. iij, tinct. cast. gtt. xxx, tinct. assaf. gtt. xv, tinct. opil gtt. v, spir. pulegii gtt. xv, tinct. cardam. c. gtt. xxx, aq. menth, pip, ij. MIsTURA GUAIACI ALKALINA. Guaiaci, calcis vive, ana 3}; grind together, and add water lb. TINcTURE OF BARK WITH LIME WATER. Cort. Per. Sij, calcis vive 3}; grind together, and add aq. calcis lb. ij ; filter: dose 3iij thrice a day. Mixes well with watery liquids. “+e e Dr. Portrer’s LIQUOR MORPHII CITRATIS. Opii Siv, ac. citrici cryst. 3ij ; grind together; add aq. bull. lb. j, digest for a day, and filter: milder than the usual opiates. Fry water. White arsenic 5}, water a pint: dissolve by boiling and sweeten with treacle: used to destroy flies. VETERINARY MEDICINES. TINCTURE OF EUPHORBIUM MADE WITH OIL OF TARTAR. Tinctura euphorbie alkalina. Gum euphorbium 8 o2z., aq. kali — ppi. 3lb. ; caustic, much used by the farriers. WHITE’s SOLUTION oF POTASH. Sube. of potash 2 oz., lime . water 8 oz.; dissolve; used to correct the acidity of the stomach in calves. ANODYNE CLYSTER FoR HORSES. Opium 1 to 2 drachms, (or tincture of opium 1 oz, to 1} oz.), water gruel 2 to 3 pints. STIMULANT. CLYSTER FOR HORSES. Common salt 8 o7z., lin- _ seed oil 4 oz., water 8 or 10 pints; mix ; useful in stomach stag- gers. CAMPHIRE CLYSTER FoR HORSES. Camphire 3 to 4 dr., olive oil 1 oz., kali ppm. 1 dr., rub together and add tinct. of opium — 1 oz., warm water 2 pints; as a diuretic, in stoppage of water. OPIATE CLYSTER FOR HORSES. Opium I dr. to 14 dr., warm water 8 o2z., dissolve, and add it to about 2 pints of boiled starch, PURGATIVE CLYSTER FOR HORSES; Common salt 4 to 8 Oley warm water 8 or 12 pints; dissolve. £ CLystER For cows. Common salt Ilb., water 10 or 12 pints; to be given after the laxative drenches, to assist their operation. — CorpIaL FOR caLvEes. Caraway seeds powdered + 0z., ginger — powder > dr., subcarb. of soda 1 dr., brandy or gin 1 oz, water Soz. 2. Brandy ¢o0z., cows’ urine 4 oz, a Pa Warerny Mixtures. 353 _ ANopyne DRENCH FOR HoRsES. ‘Tinct. of opium 2 dr. to J oz., sweet spir. of nitre 1 to 2 oz., essence of peppermint 1 to 2 _dr., water a pint; mix.—2. Anodyne ball dissolved in warm ale. -—3. Gum Arabic 2 0z., dissolve in a pint of warm water, and add oil of peppermint 20 drops, tinc. of opium + 0z.; useful when ata have been purged too much. _ ASTRINGENT DRENcH For HoRsES. Ppd. chalk and gum Arab. of each 1 0z., mint water 12 oz., tinct. of opium + oz. ; mix or a dose.—2. Powdered opium + dr., natrum ppm. | dr. pow- dered ginger 1+ dr., water gruel 1 pint; mix.—3. Opium = dr., gi powd, 2 dr., oak bark powd. 1 oz., decoction of oak bark = strong camomile tea, a pint ; for diabetes. _ Drencu FoR borts 1N HorsEs. Common salt 4 to 6 0z., 2 pints; dissolve: the horse to be kept fasting for 10 or 12 yurs, then have 2 pints of milk sweetened with honey given, and about five minutes afterwards the drench. _ CARMINATIVE DRINK FoR HoRsEs. Rum, brandy, or gin 4 to 6 oz., water 12 oz. ; mix fully equal to Daffy’s elixir in effect. _ Cotte preENcH FoR HorsEs. Ven. turp. 1 to 3 oz., oil of juniper 2 or 3 dr., sweet spir. of nitre 1 oz., water 1 pint ; mix for a dose.—2. Tinct. of opium 6 dr. to 1 0z,, sweet spir. of nitre 1 oz. to 12 dy., water or peppermint water 1 pint; mix for a dose.—3. Epsom 3y, sap. Castil. 3ijss, tinct, opii 3ij, dissolve in aq. Coven prencu ror norses. Fresh squills 3 oz., (or garlick 4 or 5 07.,) vinegar 1 pint; soak for a few hours, squeeze out the liquor, and add treacle 1lb.: for 4 doses. _ Drencu ror prorsy or THE BELLY IN HORSES. Strong 10 pints, wormwood one handful, boil gently to two pints; add One pepper and grains of Paradise of each 1+ oz., treacle 3 oz., soap 2 to 4 0z.; for a dose, and the horse exercised imme- diately till he sweats. - Gartick prencu ror uorses. Garlick | to 2 oz., boil in milk 2 pints ; used in chronic coughs. - LAxXaTIveE preNcH For norsxEs, Barb. aloes 3 dr., canella alba 1% dr., salt of tartar 1 dr., mint water 8 oz.; mix for a aught.—2. Barbad. aloes $ dr., kali ppm. 14 dr., castor oil 4 9 6 0z., mint water and plain water of each 4 0z.: in fevers if stive.—3. Iipsom salt 6 to 12 oz., whey or gruel 2 pints, castor ul 6 to 12 0z.; mix.—4, Castor, olive, linseed, or rape oil, or iog’s lard, of either 8 oz., warm water + pint; mix.—5. Barbad. 2 to 3 dr., kali ppm. 2 dr., castor oil and warm water of each 7} pint; mix for a dose.—6. Barbad. aloes to 3 dr., salt of tartar 1 dr., mint water and castor oil of each + pint; mix.—7. AA bs 354 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— Common salt 4 oz., cream } pint, water 2 pints; mix: used by + farmers.—8. Barbad. aloes 6 dr., common salt 6 o2z., flour of | mustard 1 oz., water 2 pints; mix: used in the staggers.—9. — Epsom or Glauber’s salt 6 to 8 0z., whey 2 pints; mix: useful — when the animal is feverish, as a cooling purge after bleeding, in — influenza or chills.—10. Barbad. aloes + oz., salt of tartar 2 dr., Glauber’s salt 6 oz., water 2 pints; mix : used in the mad staggers, after very plentiful bleeding. Purcinc DRENCH FoR HorRsEs. Barbad. aloes 1 oz., Castile — soap 2 dr., kali ppm. 1 dr., water 1 pint; dissolve for one dose. STIMULANT DRENCH, for stomach staggers. Common salt 1 0z., — water } pint ; dissolve, and add spirit of sal volatile 1 to 2 dr.— 2. Tinct. of cardamoms 2 oz., mint water 12 oz. ; mix.—3. Barb. aloes 6 dr. to 1 0z., calomel 1 to 2 dr., cascarilla 2 dr., oil of peppermint 20 drops, tincture of cardamoms 2 oz., water as warm as the horse can take it 12 oz.; mix: for stomach staggers. : TuRPENTINE DRENCH FoR HoRsEs. Ven. turp. 1 oz., yelk of — eggs No. 2; rub together, and add mint water | pint; used in © stoppage of water. q Worm prencHEs. Common salt 4 oz., aloes 2 dr., water 2 — pints ; mix.—2. Oil of turp. 4 0z., oatmeal gruel 1 pint; mix.— _ 3. Oil of turp. 4 oz., castor or linseed oil 8 oz., gruel 8 oz, ; mix. — CorDIAL ASTKINGENT DRENCH FOR Cows. Powdered catechu ~ and allspice of each 2 drachms, caraway seeds powd. + 0z., table — beer or water } pint, simmer a few minutes over the fire, and then — add strong beer or ale } pint ; used in all loosenesses and scour= — ing of cattle: for sheep this will make four doses. i LAXATIVE DRENCH For cows. Common salt 4 to 6 oz., flour — of mustard a table spoonful, grated ginger or ground pepper of — either a tea spoonful, gin or other spirit a quarter of a pint, water — 2 pints.—. Barbadoes aloes 4 drachms, common salt 4 0z., ginger — 1 dr., anodyne carminative tincture 2 oz., water 2 pints; useful — in red water, gorged choking, loss of cud, or whenever purging — is useful.—3. Epsom salt 6 to 8 oz., castor or olive oil 6 or 8 02., — water a pint, mix: this is more proper when fever is present, and. the animal feels hot, and the pulse is quick. | DRENCH FOR THE CHILL IN cows. Flour of mustard, a little — salt, and a quart of water. The chill is the dyspepsia of medical — writers ; the milk becomes Haky and of a yellowish colour, hence — itis also called the yellows; the appetite goes off sometimes — entirely, and the animal is dull and heavy. ye CaRMINATIVE DRENCH FoR cows. Common salt 4 0z., Barb. — aloes 4 drachms, ginger powd. | dr., water 2 pints, anodyne — earminative tincture 2 oz.; mx: used in blasting, hoving, oF — uth, tee, ad aa > eat o> WATERY Musettiied, 355 = re * blowing of cattle, that is, in over feeding; also in the yellows. If the wind threaten to burst the animal, it must have a passage made for it by a probang. This purgative drench is usually _ succeeded by a clyster immediately afterwards. _ DkeNncu ror HovEN cartie, Natron ppd. 4 oz., castor oil + _ pint, water a pint ; for a dose. , DRENCH FOR SCOURING ROT IN HORNED CATTLE. Mutton suet boiled in milk. _ Poureinc prencu ror caLvEs. Epsom salt 6 to 8 oz., water 4 pints; if they appear griped, add castor oil 2 oz., anodyne car- _minative tincture 2 drachms. _ LAxaTive DRENCH For CALvEs. Epsom salt 2 oz., ginger powder and natrum ppd. of each } drachm, water 4.0z.—2. Cows’ urine + pint. | _ ALKALINE DRENCH For cALves. Thin gruel 4 0z., Epsom salt $ oz., White's solution of potash one or two tea spoonsful ; ‘mix ; used to prevent diseases in calves. If the calf seems griped, _add tincture of opium a tea spoonful, or anodyne carminative tincture a table spoonful. ' PURGING DRENCH FoR sHEEP. Epsom or common salt | or 2 oz., water a pint, a drachm of aloes, a little ginger powder, and if the sheep appears in pain, tinct. of opium 3) may be added. _ Ccarer’s prencu ror sneer. Nitre 6 oz., ginger powder 4 coleothar 2 oz., common salt 3+ lb., boiling water 3 gall., when cold add oil of turp. 36 0z.; dose 2 oz., if weakly only half to be given once in four days for a fortnight. it Porcine prencu For pocs. Gruel 4 0z., Epsom salt $ oz. ; the dog appears griped, add tinct. of opium 20 drops.—2. Castor oil 1 02., to which tinct. of opium 20 drops may be added _ Emprocations vor sruisrs.’ Soap liniment 5 oz., aqua ammoniz 1 oz.; mix.—-2. Soap liniment 3 oz., oil of turpentine 2 oz., camphire 1 oz.; mix.—5. Tinct. of cantharides 1 oz., ted spirit of wine 6 drachms, oil of origanum 2 drachms ; ‘mix.— 4. Distilled vinegar 8 oz. spirit of wine 6 02z., sal ammoniac 1 oz. ; dissolve.—5. Sugar of lead * an oz., vinegar and water of / each 8 oz. ; dissolve. SIMPLE EMULSION oF FARKIERS. Salad oil 2 0z., honey 3 oz., soft water 1 pint, salt of wormwood 2 drachms ; mix. _ PectroraL EMULSION OF FARKIERS. Camphire one to two drachms, rubbed to a powder by adding a few ioe of spirit of ‘wine, oil of aniseseed 12 to 15 drops; simp.e emulsion 12 07, to ‘a pint; mix, — AAR q nm 7 E «5 h i, 356 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS. — ph EyYE-wWATER FoR HorsEs. Sugarof lead 2 drachms, vinegar 2 to 4 oz., soft water to fill up a pint bottle; dissolve.—2. White — vitriol 14 dr., oil of vitriol + a dr., water a pint; mix.—3. Sugar of lead 3 dr., white vitriol 4 scrup., water a pint; mix and strain. LiqUID CAUSTIC FOR CANKER IN HORSES. Corros. sublim. — powd. 1 dr., spirit of salt 7 an oz., spirit of wine and water of each 20z.; mix. Lievor FoR FLY IN sHEEP. Bace. lauri 1 oz., arsen. alb. = an oz., water 2 gall.; boil and strain. AstTRINGENT Lotions. Muriate of iron 1 oz., water 8 oz; mix.—2. Blue vitriol q. p. water just sufficient to dissolve. | LoTrioN FOR TENDER MOUTHED HorsEs. Alum powdered 1 oz., honey 4 oz., infus. of roses a pint; to be used with a- syringe. os ASTRINGENT LOTION FoR GREASE. Alum 1] 0z., oil of vitriol — 1 dr., water 1 pint; mix.—2. Alum 4 oz., blue vitriol ¢ an 0z., water 1 pint anda+t; mix.—3. Sugar of lead 40z., vinegar 6 02., water 1 pint and a $; mix. When the heels are very inflamed — and irritable these lotions must be weakened by more water.— — Corrosive sublimate 2 dr., spirit of salt 6 dr., water 1 pint; to be ~ used when the discharge is very fetid. Lorion FOR SADDLE GALLS OR WARBLES. Distilled vinegar © 8 oz., sugar of lead 3 dr., spirit of wine 4 0z., water 8 oz.; dis- — solve. —. Sal ammoniac } an oz., spirit of salt 2 dr., water 8 to 12 0z., dissolve. —3. Soap liniment and liquor of acetated ammo- — nia of each 2 oz.; mix. 7 4 SATURNINE LOTION FoR sTRAINS. Ext. of lead 2 02, vinegar and water of each 1 pint; mix. Ea Lorion FoR THE MANGE IN HorsEs. Corrosive sublimate — 1 dr., spirit of salt 3.dr., water 1 pint; mix.—2. Corrosive subli- mate | dr., sal ammoniac $.an oz., water 1 pint; mix.—3. White hellebore root 4 0z., boil in 3 pints of water to 2, strain, and add corrosive sublimate 2 dr., previously dissolved in spirit of salt 3dr, LorIon FoR MANGE IN cows. Corrosive sublimate 2 dry spirit of salt + an oz., water 1 pint; mix: useful in case the sul- phur ointment will not do. | PERFUMES AND COSMETICS, Mix or rosxs. Kali ppi. gr. vj, ol. amygd. 1 0z., ess. Ber- gam. 3ij, aque rosee 3 oz., aq. flor. aurant. 3ij. M. A) 2. Jordan almonds 8 oz., oil of almonds, Castile soap, white wax, ana + an oz., spermaceti 3ij, ol. lavand. Angl. 3ss, rose water 3lb., S. V. R. 1lb., M. | oo (a i a 7 ~ Watery Mixtures. . 357 ‘ » 8. Bitter almonds 8 oz., distilled water 6 oz., elder-flower wa- _ter 40z., make an emulsion, and add ol. tart. p. deliq. 3i1j, tinct. F 3ij. _M.: used as a cosmetic wash. __ French milk of roses. Rose water lb. jss, tinct. of benz., tinct. of storax, of each 1 oz., spirit of roses 31). 4 German milk of roses. Extr. Saturni 3vj, spir. lavand. 3); aq. foswe Zvj, aq. font. $xviij, cerussee 3ss; mix. _ Liquid soap, Lotio saponacea. 1. olivee Ziv, ol. tartari p. del. ss, rub together, then add aq. rosar. 3xij : cosmetic. * Eau Tange bouillée. Rose water and orange flower water of 3 pints, benzoin 11b., storax 8 oz., cinnam. 1 0z., cloves > a musk bag, calamus two or three sticks, boil away a pint and a half: boil a fresh parcel of water on the residuum, and to the former. | Liquid rouge. The red liquid left in the preparation of car- 2. Dissolve carmine in subcarbonate of potash water, and dilute with more water. 5 3. Dissolve pure rouge in a mixture of alcohol and weak acetic é Almond Semper Brazil dust 1 oz., water 3 pints; boil, — _ add isinglass 3vj, grana sylvestria 2 oz (or cochineal ij), alum 1 (Oh, borax 3iij ; tlsesn, and strain through a fine cloth. c , Pink dye. Washed safflower 3ij, subc. of potash gr. xviij, spi- nt of wine 5yvij, digest for two Aly add distilled water 3ij, digest for two hours more, add distilled vinegar or lemon juice 's. to reduce it to a fine rose colour: used as a cosmetic, and to aye silk stockings. a — 2 FOR KITCHEN AND TABLE USE. . Pickle for meats. Brown sugar, bay salt, common salt, ana 2Ib., saltpetre 8 oz., water 2 gall. Used to pickle meats, to which it gives a fine red colour, while the sugar renders them mild and of an excellent flavour. . _ Essence of anchovies. Anchovies 2b. to 41b. and a half, pulp h a fine hair sieve, boil the bones with common salt 7 oz. in water Glb.: strain, add flour 7 0z., and the pulp of the fish ; boi the whole through the sieve, colour with bole to your cy ; it should produce | gallon. | 2. Anchovies 5 double barrels, bay salt 211b., brown salt 7Ib., h powder 31b., powd. bole 1lb., Cayenne pepper 8 0z., water gall. ; produces 42 doz. and 6 pots. 358 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— 3. Use young pilchards, which are richer than young herrings; _ and herring liquor, from the white or pickled herrings. . Quintessence of anchovy. Anchovies 11b., pulp them through a — sieve, add vinegar 1+ oz., Cayenne pepper i av. dram., and a roll of lemon peel.—2. Sherry, Madeira, or mushroom catsup may be — used instead of vinegar. Quin’s sauce. Walnut pickle, Port wine, of each | pint, mush- — room catsup 2 pints, anchovies, eschalots, of each 2 doz., soy + pint, Cayenne pepper 2 ay. drachms; boil gently for ten minutes ; strain and bottle. 2. Soy 8lb., walnut catsup, mushroom catsup, of each 2 gall., — sprats 8lb., Cayenne pepper 8 oz., garlic Ib. : 3. Distilled vinegar 1 gall., soy Ilb., allspice 8 oz. 4. Walnut pickle $a pint, catsup + a pint, anchovies No. 6, | garlick 6 cloves, Cayenne pepper 3}. Soy. Seeds of dolichos soja (peas or kidney beans may be — used for them) 1 gall., boil till soft, add bruised wheat 1 gall., keep in a warm place for 24 hours, then add common salt 1 gall., water 2 gall., put the whole in a stone jar, bung it up for two or three months, shaking it very frequently, press out the liquor: the residuum may be treated afresh with water and salt, for soy of an inferior quality. 2. Strong purl boiled to a half, add red herrings, anchovies, Spanish liquorice, and garlick: when shaken it should leave a yellow brown colour on the sides of the vessel. RARE S sep nc Lemon pickle. Lemon juice, vinegar of each 3 gall., ginger 1lb., allspice, pepper, grated lemon peel of each 8 oz., common salt 3lb. and a half, cloves, bird pepper of each 2 0z., mace, nut- megs of each 1 oz.—2. Lemons cut, No. 6, salt llb., garlick 6 RIED TT = Saar at ac cloves, horse radish scraped, mustard flour of each 2 oz., cloves, ‘- mace, nutmegs, Cayenne pepper, ana 3ij, vinegar 4b. mi v Coratch. Mushroom catsup 6 lb., walnut catsup 11b., Ind. soy, ia tchillie vinegar, of each 40z., ess. anch. 1 oz. a Lomato sauce. Bruised tomatoes 1 gall., salt 8 oz., in three — days squeeze out the juice, to each half gall. of juice add shallots — 4 0z., black pepper + 0z., boil for half an hour, strain, add mace, allspice, ginger, nutmegs, of each + an oz., coriander seed and cochineal, of each + of an oz., simmer gently for half an hour, — strain, and when cold bottle. Mushroom catsup. Sprinkle full-grown flaps gathered in Sep- — tember with salt, stir them often for two days, squeeze with a spoon only, to each pint of juice put whole black pepper ¢ an 02. heat in a close stopped stone jar set ina stewpan of boiling water prea a = Watery Mixtures. 359 _ for two hours, strain, and to each pint add brandy + an oz., let it _ stand till next day, again strain, and bottle; if any mouldiness _ appears boil up with half the quantity of whole black pepper ; the _ grounds freed from the pepper serve to make mushroom powder. —2. Mushroom juice 8 gall., pimento 8 oz., pepper 4 0z., cloves 4 o2z., ginger 4 0z., shallots 12 0z., long pepper 2 o2z., salt 4Ib. ; boil for an hour: strain and bottle. Oyster catsup ;—Cockle catsup ;—Muscle catsup. Pound the fish, adding to each pint, Sherry wine a pint, salt 1 0z., pow- dered mace 2 av. drams.,pepper | drachm ; boil up, skim, strain, _ add to each pint brandy 2 tea spoonsful, then bottle: to flavour sauces when the fish are out of season. Walnut catsup. Green walnut shells 6 half sieves or 16 gall., salt 3lb., beat together for a week, drain off the liquor: to 6 quarts, the general produce, add ginger, allspice, of each 4 oz., _ long pepper, cloves, of each 2 oz., boil for half an hour, cool and _ bottle, dividing the spices equally. ; 2. Juice of walnut shells 15 gall., salt half a bush., ginger, shal- lots, garlick, horse-radish, ana 3lb., ess. anch. 6 quarts. _ 8. Juice of young walnuts 1 gall., add anchovies 2ib., shallots 1lb., clove, mace, black pepper, ana 1 oz., and a clove of garlick "boil a little, and bottle. | _ 4. Walnut juice 6 gall., vinegar 12 pints, sprats 24lb., pimento _Ib., ginger 2 oz., long pepper 3 oz., cloves 6 0z., shallots 12 oz. ; boil, and bottle. , _ Kitchiner’s relish. Ground black pepper, salt, of each 1 oz., d allspice, scraped horse-radish, minced shallots, of each 4+ an oz., walnut pickle 1 pint; steep fourteen days and strain.— 2. Use mushroom catsup instead of walnut pickle. » oF «p= me ear ree ay > ot: oe tee _ Sauce superlative. Port wine, mushroom catsup, of each 2 pints, walnut pickle 1 pint, anchovies pounded +]b., lemon peel, minced shallots, scraped horse-radish, of each 2 oz., allspice, black pepper powdered, of each 1 oz. Cayenne pepper 2 av. drachms, or curry powder 6 av. drachms, bruised celery seed 2 av. drachms ; steep fourteen days, and strain. ‘ Kitchiner’s double relish. Sauce superlative 4 pints, add } a pint of soy or thick browning. __ Essence of turtle. Essence of anchovy 2 0z., meas. shallot wine 8z., basil wine 8 oz., mushroom catsup 4 02., citric acid 1 av. m, thin paired lemon peel 3 0z., curry powder + 0z., steep a week: used to give the flavour of turtle to soups and the e. Fish sauce, Port wine 1 gall., mountain 2 pints, walnut 360 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— catsup 4 pints, anchovies and liquor 2 lb., lemons No. 8, shallots 3 doz., Cayenne pepper q. p. scraped horse-radish root 2 lb., mace 1 oz., flour of mustard 8 oz.; boil up gently, strain and bottle. 2. Anchovies No. 24, shallots No. 10, horse-radish root scraped 3 spoonsful, mace, cloves, of each 3ij, lemons sliced No. 2, anchovy liquor 8 oz., Hock or Rhenish wine 2 ]b., water 11b., boil to 2 Ib., strain, add walnut catsup 6 oz., and bottle. Browning. White sugar in powder 2 Ib., fresh butter 8 oz., fry gently until of a fine dark brown, add by degrees strong purl | gall., then put Jamaica and black pepper, of each 4 oz., shallots 6 0z., mace 1 oz., catsup 3 lb., salt at pleasure, peel of 8 lemons, boil gently, when cold skim and bottle the clear: used to colour and flavour animal food. Whey, Serum lactis. Cows’ milk lb. jss, crem. tart. > an 02., boil the milk, add the salt, and strain. Wine whey, Ser. lactis vinosum. Cows’ milk lb. ij, spring — water lb. j ; boil, and add white wine half a pint. ~ Clarified whey, Ser. lactis clarificatum. Cows’ milk 6 pints, — rennet q. s.; let it stand in a warm place for some hours, strain, _ add the whites of 3 eggs, and cream of tartar half a drachm; — boil and filter through paper. Lemonade for icing ;-—Orangeade for icing. Rub off the yellow peel of 5 or 4 fruits with hard loaf sugar 1 oz., add sugar 4 02z., water 2 pints; cut the fruits in half, and squeeze the juice into — the syrup: ice as wanted. Strawberry water for icing ;—Raspberry water for icing ;—Ber- : berry water for icing. "To every 5 oz. of the fruit rubbed gently — in a mortar to avoid breaking the kernels add water 2 pints, and after some time sugar 5 oz., strain, squeezing the grounds, and keep cool in ice till used: ice as wanted. Gooseberry water for icing. 'To each |b. and a half of fruit add ; sugar 6 oz., and water 2 pints, sometimes 4: 0z. of the goose- — berries are taken out and replaced by as much strawberries: ice — as wanted. Cherry water for icing. Stone the fruit, crack the stones, rub the kernels in a cloth to get off the rough-flavoured skin; to each Ib. and a half of juice, flesh, and kernels, add sugar 6 oz., water 2 pints, and strain: ice as wanted. Verjuice water for icing. Choose the largest, juciest, and best flavoured unripe grapes, stone them, to each 20 oz. of fruitrubbed down add sugar 6 0z., water 2 pints, milk | table spoonful, strain; spices may be added at pleasure: ice as wanted. Lemonade, Lemon sherbet. White sugar 5 0z., flavoured by rubbing off the yellow peel of a lemon, dissolve in 2 pints of _ Warery Mixrourss. ae 361 spring water, add juice of three lemons: apt in hot countries to uce ag Ap sherbet. Use oranges for lemons; more wholesome than Jemonade. _ Tea punch. Hot tea 2 pints, arrack $a bottle, about 13+ 0z., white sugar 4 oz., flavoured by rubbing off the yellow peel of 4 lemons, add juice of 8 lemons. Abs Wine punch. Arrack 2 pints, juice of 12 lemons, white sugar Ib., hot tea 6 pints, Port wine 2 pints. 2. White sugar 3 Ib., flavoured by rubbing off the yellow peel of 3 lemons, Port wine 1 gall. boil, adding at the end cinnamon _ $an oz., strain, add arrack 1 pint, and juice of 9 lemons. ; Cold punch. Arrack, Port wine, and water, of each 2 pints, juice of 8 lemons, white sugar 1 lb. _ Iced punch, Champagne wine, or Rhenish wine, 2 pints, arrack : Lp juice of 6 lemons, white sugar 1 lb., flavoured by rubbing the yellow peel of 6 lemons; ice as cream. | USED IN THE ARTS. Refined ox gall, Fel bovis purificatum. Fresh ox gall. 1 lb. ; boil, _ skim, add alum 1 oz., and keep it on the fire for some time; to another pint add common salt 1 oz., in the same manner; keep ogee Potted up for three months, then decant off the clear: mix _ them in an equal proportion ; a thick yellow coagulum is immedi- ately formed, leaving the refined gall clear and colourless : used by _ limners, enabling them to lay several successive coats of colours ‘a pp drawings, to fix chalk and pencil drawings so that they may | tinted, to remove the greasiness of ivory, and even allowing __ them to paint with water colours upon oiled paper or satin. _ Liquid pounce. Subscarb. of soda 1 0z., water a pint; colour with syr. rhamni 3 1, or a little sap green. If potash is used in- stead of soda the ink will spread. — Marking ink. Lunar caustic 3 ij, distilled water 3 vj; dissolve m water 3 ij: wet the linen where you intend to write with liquid pounce, dry it, and then write upon it with a clean pen. | Saxon blue, Liquid blue. Indigo 1\b., oil of vitriol 4 lb. ; dis- solve, by keeping the bottle in boiling water, then add water 12 Wb, or q. p. ___ Chemic, Sulphate of indigo. Indigo 1b., oil of vitriol perfectly | free from nitrous gas 9 lb.: used in dyeing greens. | Solution of indigo. Rub Guatimala flora indigo 5 j with recti- ) fied oil of vitriol 3 iv, dilute with water | ‘Tyxetura crocr vinosa, V. croceum. Croci 3j, Canary wine Ib. }j; digest without heat 6 days and strain ; cordial 3] to 3ij- _-Vixum martianom. (Ph. Pruss.) Iron filings 2 parts, cin- ~ nam. 1, Rhenish wine 24; doses 3ij to 3ss, — Sreex wine, Vinum Chalybeatum, P.L. 1720, Limat. ferri e. 3) croci 3ij, white wine lb. j ; digest 3 days and strain. __Vixum cuatyseatum, P.L. 1745. Limat. ferri 3iiij, cinnam., _ macis, ana 3ss,*Rhenish wine Ib. iiij : digest one month, ‘*‘Vryum vers, P.L. 1788. Limat. ferri 31), Sherry lb. ij: digest one month. ___-Vixum verns, P.D, Fer. fil. 3iv, Rhenish Ib. iiij ; digest 7 _ days: tonic, astringent, 3ij to 5vj, bis terve die, Wives sitters, V. amarum. Rad. gentian. flav., cort. limon, _ recent. ana 3j, piper. long. 3ij, mountain Ib. ij; digest. __-Vixom GENTIAN® compositum. Rad. gen. 3ss, cort. Peruv. ‘| i cort. aurant. sicc. 5ij, canell. alb. 3j, proof spir. 3iiij, Malaga _ tb. ijss; digest 7 days. ___ &. Gentian llb. orange peel 10 o7., cardam. 4 0z. cinnam. 40z., currant wine 3 gall. and a half; tonic, stomachic, 31) to 3vj or - more. ~ -Vinum crncuonez. (Ph. Par.) Peruvian bark 1 part, alcohol claret 12; dose 3ij to 3iv. _ Viwum cincnonz comer. (Ph. Par.) Peruvian bark 123, quassi, Winter’s bark, and rind of bitter oranges, ana 8; alcohol 250, wine 1500. Vinum amanum. (Ph. Batav.) Peruvian Bark 8, Gen- tian 4, orange peel 2, canella alba 1, alcohol 32, Spanish wine 384. Vixum antiscorzuticum. (Ph. Par.) Horse radish 4 parts, scurvy water-cress, mustard, buck-bean, ana 2, muriate of ammonia 1, white wine 125, spirit of scurvy-grass 12; dose Paha __ Vinum enute# campane. (Ph. Pruss.) LElecampane wine. Elecampane 3}, red wine |b. ij ; doses 31) to Ziv. _ Vinum nexttesoratum, P.L. 1680. Rad, helleb, albi siv., ‘Sherry lb. ij ; anti-arthritic, 4) to 5iij. 366 LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— IPpEcCACUANHA WINE, Vinum ipecacuanhe, P. L. 1745. Rad. ipecac. 3 ij, flav. aurant. Hispal. sicc, 3ss, Canary Ib. 1). Vinum rpecacuaNnHs, P. L. 1788. Rad. ipecac. 3ij, Sherry Ib. ij ; emetic 3). | Lavpanu, L. liquidum Sydenhami. Opii 31}, croci 3j, cinnam., caryophyll. ana 3}, white wine lb. j}; digest 3 days: contains 1-8th of opium. _ Tinctura Tuesaica, P.L. Opiicolati 3ij, cinnam., caryoph. ana 3ij, white wine lb. j ; digest a week; the same strength. Vinum opt, P. L. 1809. Extract opii 3], cinnam. caryoph. ana 3), Sherry lb. }; digest 8 days: only half the strength of the former ; anodyne, narcotic, gtt. v. to 1xviij or more. RuvuBARB WINE, Tinctura rhabarbari vinosa. Rhabarb. 3}, cardam. minor. ss, croci 31}, Mountain Ib, ij: digest. VINUM RHABARBARI. Rhabarb. SiS cardam. min. 43ss, croci 31}, Spanish white wine Ib. ij, proof spir. 3vilij. VINUM RHEI PALMATI. Rhabarb. 3ij, canell. alb. 4), proof spir. 3ij, white wine 3xv; digest 7 days: laxative, tonic, 3ss to i 3jss. ‘The saffron is frequently omitted. Vinum amarum. (M. Dubois.) Vini alb. Madeirensis Ib, xviij, cinchone: 3viij, canellae albze 3jss ; baccze juniperi, cort. — citri medicze, cort. Winterani, 4a 3ix, carbon sodee 3ivss, WIneE oF squitis, Vinum scilliticum. Rad. scill. alb. lb. j, old French white wine 1 gall.: digest 14 days: emetic in a large dose, expectorant in small doses. Vinum sciLuiticum comp. White wine Ib. jss, oxymel of © squills 31}, squill roots 3j, rind of oranges and calamus aromaticus, aa 5ij; digest for 3 days, then add of oxymel of squills 3ij: doses 31) to 58s. . VINUM NICOTIAN® TABACI. Fol. tabaci sicc. 3), white wine 3x1}; digest 7 days: antispasmodic, diuretic, gtt. x to xxx. VirER WINE, Vinum viperinum, P.L. before 1745. Vipera sicc. No. 6, Spanish wine |b. ij: digest 3 days. . Vinum viperinum, P.L. since 1745. Vip. sicc. 31j, Moun- _ tain lb. 11j ; digest for a week: restorative, stimulant. _Vinum rapicum cotcnicr. Rad. colch. sice. 3ij, zin. alb. Hisp. lb. ij; infuse, filter, and add S, V. R. 3ij; used in gout, gtt. xx. at night. a VINUM FLoRUM cotcHicI. Flor. colch. 3ij, vini albi Hisp, Ib. j. , VinvM sEMINUM coLcHicr. Sem. colch. sicc. 3ij, vin. albi. Hisp. lb. }; infuse for 10 days, and filter: 3ss to 31), bis in die, in rheumatism. sat Sates t _ IMPREGNATED VINEGARS. 367 _ Wive or cincnontne. Sulphate of cinchonine gr. xviij, Madeira (or other) wine Ib. ij. 2 Wine lb. ij, tincture of cinchonine 3ij ; febrifuge. E: Wine OF quinine. Sulphate of quinine gr. vj, Madeira wine _ Ib. j; Malaga or any other wine vane used. 2. Wine Ib. j, tincture of quinine 3ij. FOR THE TABLE AND KITCHEN. Fellow essence of orange. rie: 6 peel, S. V. R., and water, ana 6 0z.; digest, strain, and add Sherry wine 2 pints. Basil wine. Float the green leaves (which are in perfection _ the middle of August) with Sherry wine, steep for 10 pes then strain: gives the turtle flavour to soup, and even to turtle itself, : leaves, and the dried leaves of other sweet herbs, may also be used to flavour wine, for those with whom acids do not ’ _ Cayenne wine. Cayenne pepper 1 oz., Sherry 1 pint; steep _ 14 days, and strain. _ Currie wine. Currie powder 6 oz., Sherry wine | gall. ; infuse 10 days, strain. . _ Shallot wine. Shallots 3 oz., peel and pound to a pulp, Sherry fine 1 pint; steep for 10 ten days, strain, add 3 oz. more shallot ps steep again, and strain for use. ‘The best preparation for the shallot flavour, as it is not apt to rise. wine. Ragout spice 6 oz., Sherry wine 1 gall.; steep IMPREGNATED VINEGARS. FOR MEDICINE. _ Acetum opii sedativum, introduced by Mr. Horne as a succeda- ear for the liquor opii sedativus of Mr. Battley. The following #8 Mr. Horne’s formula for his sedative—* Take three times the vantity of the best opium, reduced to fine powder, that is ordered eT dado pharmacopeeia for two pints of tincture: add to the opium two pints of dilute acetic acid. After they have | a few hours, add six or eight pints of rectified spirits of . Macerate about seven days, and then carefully filter, in to separate the insoluble parts of the opium; then intro- the liquor into a retort, accurately closed, and distil off the it. The product in the retort, after the spirit has all passed , is the required acetum opii sedativum. If the distillation ‘carefully conducted, the result will always prove of uniform gth. One minim will be equivalent to three of the tincture 368 XI, LIQUID COMUPOUDS.— of opium, free from spirit, and it will keep without changing for an indefinite time.” SQUILL VINEGAR, Acetum scilliticum, P. L, before 1745. Rad. scill. sicc. lb. j, aceti lb. vj ; bottle up and expose to the sun for a month. A, scilliticum, P. L. 1788. A. scille. Scill. sice. Ib. j, aceti lb. vj, proof spirit lb. ss. A. scille maritime. Rad. scille sicc. 3ij, acet. dist. lb. ijss, S. V. R. 311}; expectorant, diuretic, 3ss to 3j.—2. Use common vinegar. Acetum cotcuict. Rad. colchici 3j, acet. distil. Ib. j; digest for three days, and express, add proof spirit 3); diuretic, 3ss to 3}, bis die. CoMMON BLACK DRoP, Gutte nigre. Opium 8 oz., distilled vinegar 2 |b, ; infuse; milder than tincture of opium. BaTTLEY’s LIQUOR OPII SEDATIVUS. This is supposed to be a solution of opium in vinegar ; it will not keep without an addi- tion of spirit of wine, but this takes away the mildness of its action. ACETATE OF SOLANINE. Dissolve solanine in acetie acid; emetic, in quarter grain doses. VINEGAR OF THE FOUR THIEVES, Acetum theriacale, A. pro- phylacticum. Summit. rorismar. sicc., fol. salviee sice. ana 3iilj, flor. lavand. sicc. 3ij, caryophyll. 3), acet. dist. 1 gall.: digest for seven days, press, and filter: used as a corrector of bad smells; _ sometimes garlick is added. AROMATIC SPIRIT OF VINEGAR, Acetum aromaticum, Acidum aceticum camphoratum, A. acetosum camphoratum. Acid. acetos. fort. 3vj, camph. 3ss, reduced to powder by §. V. R. q. s. AcET. AROM. FORTE. Strong acetous acid (No. 4) 2lb. and — a half, camphire 2 0z., ol. carph. ver. 3ij, S. V.R. 8 oz. M. ExTEMPORANEOUS AROMATIC VINEGAR. cet, potasse 3}, ess. — lim. gtt. ii}, ol. vitrioli gtt. xx. Acetum opi. (Ph. U.S.et Dr. Paris). Black drop. Opium lb. ss, vinegar, or verjuice, O iij, nutmeg 3]jss, saffron 3ss: boil down to a proper consistence, and add sugar 3iv, yeast 3 j. Acetum Ruta, Rue vinegar. (Ph. Pruss. et Aust.) Rue 1, vinegar 8 ; dose 3ss to 3j in an enema. | AcetuM BERLINENSE. White wine vinegar lb. vj, roots of angelica, valerian, and mint, of each 3 ss, camomile flowers, juni- per berries, and laurel berries, of each 3 ss, safforn and camphor, of each 3j: digest and filter. In diseases of debility, in doses of 1 or 2 drachms. : IMPREGNATED VINEGAR. 369 SPIELMAN’s CAMPHORATED VINEGAR. Camphor 3], powder with xx gtt. of alcohol, and then triturate, with 3ij of sugar, and add 3x of white wine vinegar ; shake until all is ‘Hilalied : dose © 31) to Zss. FOR.PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS. Vinaigre rosat, Acetum rosatum. Petal. ros. rubr. sice. Ib. js acet. apot. lb. xij ; infuse eight days, strain, and repeat the infusion with fresh roses. Vinaigre de rosmarin, Acetum anthosatum. From rosemary flowers, as the vinaigre rosat. Sux distille de lavande. From the flowering tops by in- fusing them in vinegar, and then distilling 3-4ths. 5 _ 2. Vinegar, distilled in glass lb. j, oil of lavander q. p. M. Many other vinegars of this kind may be made from ode tone plants or their oils; they are used as cooling odoriferous cos- metics. _ Vinaigre dentifrique. Rad. pyrethri 3ij, cinnam., caryoph., jac. ana 3ij, spirit. cochlear. 3ij, aq. vulner. rubr. Ziv, acet. opt. alb. lb. iij ; used to wash the mouth in tooth-ache, or carious teeth, either by itself or diluted. FOR KITCHEN AND TABLE USE. Cucumber vinegar. — Capsicum vinegar.— Garlick vinegar.— Shallot vinegar.— Onion vinegar.— Caper vinegar. — Cress seed vinegar.—Celery seed vinegar.—Truffle vinegar.—sSeviile orange- peel vinegar.—Ginger vinegar.—Black pepper vinegar.— White __ pepper vinegar.—Chillie vinegar.—Horse-radish vinegar. Are all _ made by steeping about an oz. of the articles in each pint of vine- gar for fourteen days, and straining. : Tarragon vinegar. — Basil vinegar. — Green mint vinegar.— _Lilder flower vinegar.—Celery vinegar.—Cherville vinegar.— Bur- net vinegar. Float the leaves with vinegar, steep for fourteen _ days, then strain, and keep in half-pint bottles. - Currie vinegar. Currie powder 6 0z., vinegar 1 gall. ; infuse a days, strain. The French vinaigriers make no less than sixty- five sorts of different flavoured vinegars. Compouud horse-radish vinegar. Scraped horse-radish gathered in November 3 0z., minced shallots 1 0z., Cayenne pepper I av. drachm, vinegar 2 pints, steep for a week, and strain: black pepper, mustard rae bruised, celery seed, and cress seed may be _ Camp ginger. Garlick sliced 8 0z., Cayenne pepper, soy, wal- ‘Dut catsup, of each 4 0z., anchovies chopped No. 36, vinegar 1 : BB 370 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS,— gall., cochineal suff. to colour it a deep red; infuse six weeks, then strain. 2. Cayenne pepper | av. drachm, soy 4: 0z,, measures, walnut catsup 8 oz.,6 chopped anchovies, garlick minced fine 1 clove, vinegar 1 pint, steep for a month, strain for use. Parmentier’s salad vinegar. Dried tarragon, savory, chives, shallots, 3 oz. of each, tops of dried mint and of balm a handful each, vinegar 1 gall., steep for a fortnight in a warm place, strain and squeeze. Ragout vinegar. Ragout spice 3 oz., vinegar 1 gall., steep ten days. Raspberry vinegar. Red raspberries 1 pint, white wine vine- gar 3 pints, steep for a day and night, strain, add fresh raspberries, and do so a third time: to each pint add white sugar Lb. ; boil, skim, when cold add to each pint brandy 2 oz. se tame sherbet. Raspberry vinegar 1 0z., water 8 oz. ; mix; an agreeable summer drink. | Artificial lemon juice. Pyrolignous acid 1 pint, white sugar 3 02. ; dissolve, aot add quintessence of lemon peel 30 drops. USED IN THE ARTS. Black reviver. Galls 3 0z., logwood, green vitriol, iron filings, sumach, ana 1 o2z., vinegar 2 pints. Red ink. Lign. Brazil 8 oz., vinegar 10 pints, boil to a half, and add roche alum 8 oz. 2. Stale beer 1 pint, coccin. 3j, gum Arab. 1 oz., Brazil wood, roche alum, of each 2 oz. AMMONIATA. FOR MEDICINES. SPIRITUS SALIS AMMONIACI DuLCIs, Sp. ammonia, P. L. 1788 and 1815. Salammoniac 3iv, pearlash 3vj, proof spr. lb. iij ; mix and distil Ib. jss. P.D. draws off Ib. ij. Seitidlaa, antispas- modic, in fainting and nervous debility. Dose 4ss to 31 in water. —Officinal preparation. Spir. ammon. aromat. and spir. ammon. fetid. L. H. D. Sp. aMMonig, P. L. 1809. Liquor ammonie lb.j, S.V. R. Ib. ij; M. : ALcoHOL AMMONIATUM. Lime 3xij, water 3vj, slake, when cold add sal ammon. 3viij ; distil into S. V. R. 3xxxij. SAL VOLATILE pRops, Sp, salis volatilis oleosus. Cinnam. 3ij, AMMONIATED VINEGARS. 371 macis 38s, caryoph. 3}, cort. citri 5ss., sal ammon. 3 jss, kali ppi. 3iv _$. V. R. gxij; mix and distil. ; Sp. vOLATILIs ARomatTicus. Spir. sal. ammon. dule. lb. ij, essen. limon., ol. dist. nucis mosch. ana 31), ol. dist. caryoph. arom. 3ss; distil. Sp. amMMoNrI£ compositus, P. L. 1788. Spir. sal. ammon. dulce. Ib. ij, ess. limon., ol. dist. nuc. mosch. ana 3ij ; mix. Sp. aMMonte compositus, P. L. 1809. Spir. ammon. lb, ij, ess. limon., ol. dist. caryoph. ana 31}; mix. Sr. aMMonr£ anomarticus, P. L. 1815. Cinnam., caryoph. ana 3ij, cort. limon. Ziv, kali pp. lb. ss, sal. ammon. 3v, S. V. R. b. v. aque cong. j; distil. lb. vj. Stimulant, diaphoretic; used in the same cases as spir. ammoniz. Dose the same.—Officinal preparation. ‘Tinct. guaiaci ammoniat. and tinct. valerian. ammo- niat. L. D. Sp. aMMONI® Anomaricus, P. L. Spir. ammon. Ib. ij, ess. ; age 3ij, nuc. mosch. contus, 3ss; digest for three days and distil Ib. jss. ALCOHOL AMMONIATUM AROMATICUM, 7. aromatica ammoniata. Alcohol ammon. 3viij, ol. dist. rorismarini 3jss, ess. limon. 3]; dissolve: stimulant, Secleacstie 388 to 5). _ SAL VOLATILE Drors. Olea mixta 3ij, sal. vol. ammon. 20 oz., _=S.V.R, 2 gall.; draw off 18 or 19 pints. Fir props, Sp. volatilis fetidus, Sp. ammonie fotidus, P. L. 1788. Sal. ammon. lb. j, kali pp. lb. jss, proof spir. lb. vj, assee- feetidee Ziv ; distil lb. v. 2. Spir. ammonie |b. j, tinct. asseefoet. 3ss ; mix. $. Sal ammoniz 1]b., potash 2lb., gum foetid. 6 oz., S. V.R. 1 gall., water q. s., distil 10 pints; antispasmodic, in hysteric disorders. Sr. AMMoNIZ FetTipus, P. L. 1809, P. D. Alcohol ammo- _ niatum fotidum, T. assefoetide ammoniata. Spir. ammonie |b. ij, assefoet. 3ij (P. D. 3) 3ij); digest and distil lb. jss (P. E. Ib. ij). Stimulant, antispasmodic; useful in hysteria, spasmodic _ asthma; dose 4s to 3i, in water. _ TT. corricis Pervviant votatitis. Cort. Peruv. 3iv, sp. _ sal, amm, Ib. ij; steep and strain. ” | ; T. cincHone ammontata. Cort. Peruv. 3 iv, spir. ammon. Ib. ij ; steep ten days; stimulant, tonic, 5 ss to 3 ij. _ Sp. corcuicr ammontatus. Colchici sem. cont. 3 ij, spir. _ammon. arom. O j; digest and strain. VOLATILE TINCTURE oF Guayac, T. guaiacina volatilis. Gum. BB2 372 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— guaiaci 3 iv, spir. volatilis aromat. lb. jss; digest fourteen days ; stimulant, diaphoretic, in rheumatism, 3 ss to 3 ij, bis die. T. cuatact, P. L. 1788. Gum. guaiaci 3 iv, sp. ammon. comp. Ib. jss. , T. Guaract AMMONIATA. ‘Tinct. guaiaci 3 iv, sp. amm. aro- maticus lb. jss. T. VALERIAN VoOLATILIs. Rad. valer. offic., spir. volatilis arom. lb. ij ; digest ; to give a sweet scent to a solvent intended for a footid plant seems a mistake. T. VALERIANE AMMONIATA, P. L. Rad. valer. 3 iv, sp. am. arom. lb. ij; stimulant, antispasmodic ; useful in nervous and spasmodic affections ; dose 3 ss to 31; in some bland fluid. 2. Rad. valer. 1 lb., spir. corn. cervi 7 lb., 8. V. R. 1 lb. ; di- gest; antispasmodic, 3 j to 3 ij. 7 T. F@TiIpA VOLATILIs, Asseefoetidee 3 iv, spir. ammon. lb, ij. T. VALERIAN® AMMONIATA, P. D. Rad. valer. 3 iv, spir. ammon. Ib. ij ; digest. | | OIL AND HARTSHORN, Linimentum volatile. Aq. amm. carb. 31), ol. amydg. 3}; mix. Lin. amMMoniaz, P. L. JL. ammonie carbonatis, L. ammonie subcarbonatis. Aq. ammon. carb. = ss, ol. olivee = jss, M. Lin. ammonie fortius. Aq. ammon. pure 3 j, ol. oliv. 3 ij, M. ; stimulant, rubefacient, in cynanche tonsillaris, spread on a piece of. flannel, and applied round the throat ; a larger proportion of oil is added where the skin is very irritable. Lin. ammonia, P. D. Oleum ammoniatum. Aq. ammon. puree 3,1), ol. oliv. 3 ij. M. 2. Cleanse greasy phials and bottles with bone spirit, and save the milky liquor, adding oil if necessary ; externally stimulant, _ rubefacient, in rheumatic pains, tooth-ache. | _ Wann’s EssENCE FoR HEAD-acHE, Lin. camphore composi- tum. Aq. ammon. puree 3 vj, spir. lavand. lb. j; mix and distil Ib. j, add camph. 3 jj. 2. Spir. ammon. arom. 3 xij, spir. lavand. simp. 3 x, camph. zi); dissolve. 3. S. V. R. 4 0z., spir. ammon, 2 oz., camph. 2 oz., M. 4, S. V. R. 2 1b., aq. ammon. pur. 5 oz., camph. 4 oz., ess. limon. 3 ss, roche alum 2 oz., mix and decant: stimulant; used externally in local pains, as head-ache or colic.’ T. castorer composita. Castor. Russ. 3 j, asseefeetid. 3 ss,_ spir. ammon. Ib, j; digest ; antispasmodic, in hysteria 3 ss to 3 j. AMMONIATED Sprrits. 373 EDINBURGH PAREGORIC ELIXIR, 7. opii ammoniata. Flor. benz., croc. ana 3 iij. opii 3 ij, ol. anisi 3 ss, alcohol. ammon. 3 Xvj; digest: anodyne, diaphoretic, 3 ss to 3 j: is four times as strong as London paregoric elixir, 3 } containing opii gr. j. Porrstates succint. Oil of amber 3}, subcarb. of ammon. 3 ss, alcohol P. L. lb. ss; digest four or five days, and decant, gtt. x to xl, externally in hooping-cough. VETERINARY MEDICINE. Horse corpiat. Balsam. traumatici 1 pint, spir. ammon. comp., spir. nitri dulce. ana 8 oz.; put up in Bateman’s phials, ? and sealed. FOR PERFUMERY. Common eau de luce, Spiritus ammonie succinatus, P. L. 1788. Cast. gr. x, ol. succ. rect. 9j, S. V. R. 3}; dissolve and add aq. ammon. pure 3 iiij. 2. Scio turp. true 2 oz., S. V. R. 2 lb.; dissolve; add, when wanted, a few drops to aq. ammon. pure q. p. 3. Mastich 2 oz.,S. V. R.2 lb.; dissolve, and use as the former. 4. Mastich 3 ij, musk gr. xij, 8. V. R. 0z.; dissolve, and add it to aq. ammon. pure q. p. 5. Aq. ammon. pure Ib. j, ol. succ. rect., ol. lavand., ol. roris- mar. ana 3 ij; dissolve. 6. S. V. R. Ib. ij, ol. succ. 1 0z.; digest, decant, and add am- _ mon. . 4 02., dissolved in water lb. j: a drachm of oil of _ lavander or rosemary, or both, may be added to the spirit, if thought proper. 7. OL. suce. rect. gtt.xl, 8S. V. R. 3 ij, aq. ammon. puree 3 xij ; _ distil with a very gentle heat. Spir. ammon. succ., P, L. 1809. Mastiches 3 iij, S. V. R. 51x; dissolve, decant, and add ol. lavand. min. xiv, ol. succ. rect. min. _ iv, aq. ammon. pure 3 x.—These either will not retain the milky _ appearance for any length of time, or the sweet scented oils are _ contrary to the intention of the medicine. _ Eau de luce veritable, Aq. lucie. Kali bp. 3 iij, ol. succ. feet. _ 3jss; rub together, and add by degrees S. V. R. 3 iv, digest 15 _ minutes, decant; gtt. xl of this liquor, poured into aq. ammon. pure 3 jss, forms eau de luce of the true milky cloudy appear- ance, and not settling. ‘2. S.V. R. 3 iv, ol. suce. foet. 3}; dissolve, decant, and pour _ into aq. ammon. pure Ib. ij, or rather more. P. Suec. Antispas- _ modic: used in hysteric fits, and bites of venomous serpents, 3 j _ in water or wine. y - I 374 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— Ammoniacal lavender water. 1. lavand. Angl. 3ij, ess. ambr. gr. 3j, eau de luce Oj, S. V. R. Oij; a superior article. COMPOUND SPIRITS. When these liquors are intended for the. toilette, or for retail sale, care must be taken to choose a spirit that has no ill scent; the distillation must be made ina balneum, and the distilled spirit kept for some time in acool cellar, or rather in an ice-house ; but as the apothecaries use these spirits for medicines they do not consider this care to be necessary, and their usual method is to mix a small quantity of essential oil with proof spirit, and thus avoid the trouble of distilling. The usual dose is 3 ij {to 3}, and they are universally stimulant. Spirit OF worM-woop, Aqua absinthii minus composita, Fol. absin. sic. lb. ij, cardam. min., sem. coriand., ana |b. ss, proof spir. 4 gall., distil 4 gall. 2. Absinth. 2 lb., sem. coriand., calam. aromat, ana 1 lb., S.V. R. 2 gall., distil 4 gall. ; stomachic. ELixin oF GARLICK. Rad. ali. contus. No. 80, S. V. R. - Ib.j; distil to dryness, and repeat the distillation upon fresh cloves of garlick a second and third time, then add camph. 3 ij ; diaphoretic, 3 ss bis die. Sp. OF ANGELICA, Ag. angelice. Leaves Ib. j to the gall. of proof spirit. Sp. rad. angelice. Dried roots Ib. ij to the gall. AQ. ANISI ForTIs. Seeds lb. j to the gall. proof. Sp. anisi. The same, lb. ss to the gall. proof. Aq. SEMINUM ANISI composITa, Sp. anisi compositus. Sem. anisi, sem. angelicee, ana lb. ss to the gall. proof. | 2. Sem. anisi 4lb., sem. angel. 1 lb., S. V. R. 4 gall, draw 8 © gall.; carminative. Dose 5 ss to 3 iv. j Sp. of star-anise seed. Is more pleasant than the common, AQ. CORTICIS AURANTIORUM FoRTIS, Sp. aurant. corticis. From the yellow part of the peel, lb. j to the gall. proof. : Aq. corticis aurantiorum spirituosa. The same, lb. ss to the — gall. proof. | 4 2. Cort. aurant. sicc. 3 lb., S. V. R. 1 gallon and a half; draw 3 gallons: stomachiec. HystrEric water, Aq. bryonie composita. Succ. rad. bryon. Ib. iiij, succ. rutee, succ. artemis. ana lb. ij, fol. sabinee m. iij, ma tricarle, nepetee, pulegii, ana m. ij, ocimi, dictam. Cret. ana m. — Comrounp Sprrirs. 375 j Ss, cort. aurant. flav. ree. 5 iiij, myrrh. 3 ij, cast. Russ, 5 j, proof spirit Ib. viij ; distil Ib. xij. 2. Rad. bryon. rec. 7 lb., mugwort m. 6, rue m. 24, savine m. 48, motherwort m. 6, soit ale al m. 12, cat mint, sweet basil, ana m. 6, S. V. R. 5 gallons: draw 10 gallons. 3. Tinct. valeriane 3 ss, ol. pulegii gtt. xij, ol. rute gtt. ii, S. V. R., aque, ana lb. j: M. Antispasmodic, emmenagogue, generally sold lowered with aq. pulegii. _ Carpamom water, Aq. cardamomi Me A. seminum carda- moni. Seeds unhusked 3 iiij to the gallon proof. oF OF cLovEs, Sp. caryophyllorum aromati. 1b, ij to the gallon proof. Caraway corpiAL, Strong caraway water, Aq. seminum carui is, A. sem. carui, Sp. carui, P. L. 1788, P. D. Spir. cari carui. Seeds lb. ss to the gallon proof. | 2. Seeds, bruised, 2 lb., 8. V. R. 2 gall.; draw 10 gall. Sp. carui, P. L, 1809. Seeds lb. jss to the gall. Essence of caraway seeds. Oil of caraway 3j, S. V. R. 3 iiij ; mix. Sp. castonet. Cast. Russ. 3'iiij, fl. lavand. sicc. 3 j, salv. rorism. ana 3 ss, cinnam. 3 vj, mac., caryoph. ana 3 ij, S. V. R. Ib. vj, distil to dryness in B. M.; antispasmodic, in hysteria. CamomiLe props. S. V. R. lb. j, ol. chamem. 3 j. camomile water, Aq. florum chamemeli composita. FI. flav. aurant. 31), absinth., puleg. ana m. i) sem. f spirit cham. sice. lb. : _ anisi, cymini, feeniculi, bacc. lauri, juniperi, ana 3j, proo i 1 gallon ; draw two gallons; but it is usually made proof. _ STRONG CINNAMON WATER, at cinnamomi fortis. Cinnam. lb. " j, proof spirit 1 gallon ; draw 10 lb. Ag. cinnamomi spirituosa, Sp. cinnamomi, P. L.1788, Sp. lauri _ cinnamomi. | |b. to the gallon proof. Sp. cinnamomi, P. L. 1824. Ol. cinnam. iv, S, V. R. Oivss, aquz q. s.; distil a gallon. _ Spire. cassiz. Cassia buds 1 b., cass. lign. 2 Ib., S. V. R. 10 gallons; draw 20 gallons: sold for strong cinnamon water. Spirit OF LEMON PEEL, Aq. citri corticum fortis. Peel Ib. ij to the gallon proof; distil. _ Sp. or cortanver, Sp. coriandri. Seeds 1 lb, to the gallon _ Proof. _ Se. croct. Croce. Ziiij, proof spirit lb. iiij ; distil lb. ijss. PLAGUE WATER, Aq. epidemica, Aq. alexiteria spirituosa, Sp. 376 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— alexiterius. Fol. menth. rec. lb. ss, fol. angel., summ. absinth. mar. ana 3 111j, proof spir. lb. viij, distil lb. vijj. | ComPouND GENTIAN WATER, Ag. gentiane composita. Rad. gent. lb. jss, fol. et flor. centaur. min. ana 3 iiij, proof spir. lb. vj ; distil 1 gall. Sp. or Hyssop, Sp. hyssopi. 'Tops lb. j to the gallon proof. AQ. JUNIPERI composiITa, Sp. juniperi compositus. Bac. junip. lb. j, sem. carui, sem. foenic. dulce. ana 5 jss, proof spir. 1. gallon ; distil 1 gallon. 2. Gin, not sweetened, is usually sold for it, as, unless the other is drawn stronger than the colleges order it, the spirit will not be bright enough for retail sale: stimulant, diuretic. SP. OF PEPPERMINT, Aq. menthe piperitidis spirituosa, Sp. menthe piperitidis, Sp. menthe piperite, P. L. 1809. Herb in flower lb. jss to the gallon proof. Sp. menthe piperite, P. L. 1824. Ol. menth. pip. 9 vjss, 8. V. R. 4 pints and a half, water q. s.; draw 1 gallon. _ Essence of peppermint. S. V. R. 1 pint, put into it kali pp. 1 0z., previously heated, decant, and add ol. menth. pip. half an oz., M. _ 2. Ol. menth. pip. 1 Ib., S. V. R. 2 gall., colour with: herb. menth. pip. sicc. 8 oz., M. Yb Ol]. men. pip. 3 oz., S. V. R. coloured with spinage 2 pints; — CorpDIAL MINT WATER, Ag. menthe vulgaris spirituosa, - | menthe sative, Sp. menthe viridis, P. L. 1809. Dried herb lb. — jss to the gallon proof. Sp. MENTH# viripis, P. L. 1824. Ol. menth. vir. gvjss., S. V. R. Oiiijss, water q. s. ; draw 1 gall. Ag. mirasiuis. Caryoph. arom., galang., cubeb., macis, — cardam. min., nuc. mosch., zz, ana 3}, succ. chelidonii maj. lb. ‘ss, _ proof spirit lb. ijss ; distil lb. ijss. 2. Cass. lign., cort. lim. ana 4 0z., sem. angel. 2 oz., fol. menth. : pip. 6 oz., rad. galang. 2 oz., sem. cardam. min. 1 0z., pimente — 4 0z., S. V. R. 2 gallons ; draw 4 gallons. Sp. PIMENTO, P. L. Sp. pimente. Pimento 2 oz. to the gallon proof.. , Sp. pimento, P.D. 3 oz. to the gallon proof; a cheap stimu- : lant; used in hospitals. Sp. myrti pimente. 8 oz. to the gallon proof. NuTMEG waTeER, Ag. nephritica. Flor. spine: albe rec. lb. iiij, — nuc. mosch, 3 iij, white wine 2 gall., distil 12 pints. ; Comrounp Spirits. 377 . nucis moschate, Sp. nucis moschate, Sp. myristice, Sp. my- rae moschate. N hens 31) to the gallon prod The ‘dru gists draw it overproof, because they want it bright: stimulant, carminative. Rica Batsam, Sp. turionum pint. Shoots of the Scotch fir col- lected early in the spring, lb. j to the gallon proof; stimulant, _ diuretic ; externally vulnerary. CoMPoUND PIony WATER, Ag. epileptica, Aq. peonie composita. Flor. lil. convall. lb. j, proof spirit cong. ij ss, fl. tilize Ib. ss, fl. — 5 liij, rad. paeon. mar. 5 ijss, rad. dictam. alb., rad. aristol. g. ana 5,ss, fol. visci, fol. rutae, ana m. ij, sem. peeon. decort. 5 x, sem. ruta 5ilijs, cast. Russ., cubeb., macis, ana 31], cinnam. 3 jss, fl. rorism. pug. vj, fl. steech. Arab., fl. lavand. ana pug. iiij, fl. beton., fl. tunice, fl. paralyseos, ana pug. viij, succ. ceras. nigr. tb. ilij ; dis- til 4 gallons: used as a general vehicle. Sp. PENNYROYAL WATER, Ag. pulegii spirituosa, Sp. pulegii, P.L.1788. Dry herb lb. jss to she loa eont : ciniteMla Mae. Sp. pulegii, P. L.. 1824. Ol. pulegii 9 vij, S. V. R. Oiiijss, aquee q.s.; distil a gallon. Essence of pennyroyal. S. V. R. 2 pints, colour with spinage, strain, and add ol. pulegii 3 oz. Se. oF scurvy Grass, Aq. raphani composita, P. L. 1720. Fol. cochlear. hort., fol. coch. mar. ana Ib. vj, express the juice — and add succ. beccabungee, succ. nasturt. aquat. ana Ib. jss, rad. raphani rustic. Ib. ij, rad. ari. rec. 3vj, cort. Winteri, nuc. mosch. ana 3iiij, cort. limon. gicc. zij, proof spirit Ib. iiij ; distil 1 gallon. Aq. raphani composita, P. L. 1745. Fol. coch. hort. lb. iv, rad. raph. rust., flav. cort. aurant. Hisp. ana lb. ij, nuc. mosch. 3ix, proof spirit 2 gall., water q. s.; distil 2 gall. 1g. raphani compositus. Same as the last, but using nuc. Bb Be Sp. armoracie compositus. Same as the last, but omitting the scurvy grass. Sp. cochlearia simplex. Fol. cochl. rec. 32\b., rad. raph. 4b., Ss. v. R. 5 gall.; draw 3 gall.; antiscorbutic. TreAacLE water, Aq. theriacalis, Aq. alexiteria aig cum aceto. Fol. menth. vulg. rec., fol. angel. rec. ana lb. ss, summ. absinth. mar. rec. 3iv., proof spirit 1 gall. ; distill 1 gall., and add aceti lb. j. The old process was more complicated. 2. Aq. bryonie comp. 12 0z., acet. dist. 4 0z., M.; cordial, stimulant. _ Hovncary water, Lau de la Reine de Hongrie, Aq. Hunga- _ rica. Fresh rosemary flowers |b. ij, rectified spirit lb. 11); distil. _ Also imported from France. 378 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— Sp. rosMARINI, P. L. 1809. lb. ij to the gall. proof. Sp. rosmarini, P. L. 1815. Ib. ij to the gall. rectd. Sp. rosmarini, P. L. 1824. Ol. rosm. 3j, S. V. R. 1 gall., water q. s.; distil 1 gall. 2, Ol. rorism. ver. 6 oz., ol. lavand. gall. 1 oz., bace. cassize 6 0z., pimente 4 0z., S. V. R. 2 gall. ; draw 3 gall. 8. Ol. rorism. 3jss, ol. lavand. Ang]. 3jj, ol. cinn. gtt. j, proof spirit 10 pints ; mix. 4. Ol]. rorism. 3iv, ol, lavand. Gall. 3), S. V. R. 3 pints, aq. 1 pint; mix: fragrant; used as a cosmetic, and with sugar as a liqueur. Sp. rosmarini, P. D. Flowering tops lb. jss to the gall. proof. SwEET SPIRIT OF VITRIOL, Sp. vitrioli dulcis, Sp. etheris vitriolici, P. L. 1788. Oil of vitriol, S. V. R. ana pond. aq. ; mix and distil till a black scum begins to rise, then suddenly stop the distillation. Sp. £THERIS suLPHURICI, P. L. since 1809. ther sulphu- ricus cum alcohole. Ether 8 0z., S. V. R. 1 pint; mix; antispas- modic, stimulant, 3} to 3iij in water. SWEET SPIRIT OF NITRE, Nitre dulcis, Nitre drops, a nitre dulcis. Spirit of nitre lb. ss, S. V. R. 2 pints: distil as long as what comes over does not effervesce with subcarb. of potash. Sr. THERIs NiTrosI, P. L. Acid nitros. lb. ss by wt., S. V. R. lb. ij: distil $xxj. 2. Spir. nitri Ilb., S. V. R. 1 gall., water 4 pints; distil 10 pints: stimulant, diuretic, antispasmodic, gtt. xxx to 3}, or more. SP. ZTHERIS NITRICI. Spir. nitri 3iij by wt., S. V. R. Ib. ij, add gradually and distil 3xxvj. Sp. HZTHEREUS NiTRosus. Add to the residuum of nitrous — ether the spirit of wine that collected the vapour; distil to dry- — ness in B. M.; mix the distilled liquor with the alkaline ley used — in preparing the nitrous ether, and also with kali pp. q. s. to neu- — tralize the acid ; lastly, distilin B. M.; the specific gravity should be 850. Sp. etheris nitrosi, P. E. Spir. nitri Ib. j, S. V. R. Ib. iij; distil in B. M. as long as anything comes over. SWEET sprrRit oF SALT, Sp. salis dulcis. Spir. salis iv, S. V. R. 3vj; distil $v: diuretic. | HorrMan’s ANODYNE Liquor, Liquor anodynus Hoffmanni, Sp. etheris vitriolict compositus. Oleum vini 3iy, spir. ether. vitr. — Ib. ij ; mix. “PIPER YO er Compounpn Spirits. 379 | Sp. etheris sulphurici compositus. Ol. etherei 3ij, ‘spir. eth. sulph. lb. j ; mix. | 2. Ether 12 0z., S. V. R. 1 gall., ol. vini 3ij, water 2 pints ; mix 3. Oil of vitriol 2lb., S. V. R. 1 gall.; distil '7 pints. 4. Spir. xther. vitrioli, spir. vitrioli dulcis, ana p. aq. ; mix; stimulant, antispasmodic, "385 to 3}. CLurTon’s FEBRIFUGE sprRIt, Sp. febrifugus Cluitoni. Spir. ether. vitriol. 4 pints, spir. salis. dulce. 1 pint; mix. 2. Spir. vitrioli dulc., spir. salis dule. ana p. eq. ; mix. 8. Ol. vitrioli Ib. 12 0z., spir. salis Ilb., S. V. R. 1 gallon; distil. DowBLE DISTILLED LAVANDER WATER, Eau de lavande, Ag. lavandula, Sp. lavand. simplex. Picked flowers lb. vj, S. V. i. Ib. -xviij; steep, and distil. Also imported from France and Italy. - lavandule, P. L. 1788. Flor. lavand. lb. jss to the gall. proot. — Sp. lavandule, P. L. 1809. For. |b. ij to the gall. proof. _ Sp. ravanpura, P. L. 1824. Flor. lb. ij to the gall. rectified spirit.—2. Ol. lavand. Angl. 2lb., ess. ambr. gris. 3ss, S. V. R. 12 gall.—3. Ol. lav. Angl. 5 oz., S. V. R. 3 gall., distilled water 2 gall., fine with burnt alum.—4. Flor. lavand. 14lb., 8. V. R. 5 gall., draw 10 gall.; but if the flowers are fresh, the spirit may be drawn a little lower.—5. Ol. lavand. exotic 2 07., dl. rorism. 1 02., ol. cinnam. ver. gtt. iv, proof spirit 1 gall.—6. OJ. lavand. Angl. 3 0z., ess. Bergam. 1 07z., ess. amb. gris. 3v, 8. V. R. 14 pints, aq. rosz opt. 2 pein Ol. liedindl: 3ij, ess. ie 3}, ess. ambr. gr gtt. xxx, ol. rhodii gtt. vj (mosch gr. j?) S. V. KR. Ib. j.—8. Ol. lavand. 3ij, ol. rorismar. 3}, ess. ambr. gris. 3), 8. V. R. Ib. ij. Sp. lavandule spice. For. lb. ij, S. V. R. lb. viij by wt., distil _ Ib. vij by wt. | FOR PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS, Sp. of oranges, S. V. R. 8 02., ess. of oranges 3ss.—Lemeri’s distilled orange flower water, Eau du naphe, Aq. naphe. Orange flowers 6lb., yellow peel of Seville oranges 6 0z., white wine gall., steep for two days in a warm place, distil.—2. For white wine use spirit of balm 4 pints, melasses spirit 4 pints. & it de Bergamotte. Peel, fresh, lb. ij to the gall. proof.— 2. 5. V. R. 1 gall., ess. Bergam. 3v, ess. ambergr. 31) ; M 380 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— Eau de bouquet. S. V.R. lb. jss, spir. rosemary and ess. violet of each 4ss, spir. lemons 3}, rose water 8 oz. Sp. calami aromatici. %viij to the gall. proof. Eau de Cologne. Essence de Bergam. 3iij, ess. of neroli 3 jss, ess. de cedrat 3ij, ess. limonum 3iij, ol. rorismar. 3), S. V. R. lb. xij, spir. rorism. Ib. iijss, aq. meliss. compos. Ib. 1) Ziv; mix ; distil in B. M. and keep it in a cold cellar or ice-house for some time; used externally as a cosmetic, and made with sugar into a ratafia. 2. Wine spirit at 32 deg. Baume, 4 pints, neroli, ess. of cedrat, orange, citron, Bergamotte, rosemary, of each 24 drops, less car- damom seeds 3ij, distil in glass 3 pints. } 3. Wine spirit at 32 deg. Baume 2 pints, ess. of citron and Ber- gamotte 31}, ess. cedrat 3], ess. lavand. 4ss, ess. fl. aurant. tinct. ambr. gr. of each gtt. x, tinct. moschi. 3ss, tinct. benz. 511}, ess. rosar. gtt. ij; mix, and filter. Eau de Sramboises. Strawberries bruised Ib. xvj, S. V. R. Ib. viij; distil to dryness in B. M. Sp. of jasmin. S. V. R.8 02., ess. of jasmine 3ss. Essence of jasmine. Ess. violet 1 02., ess. of Bergamotte 1 drachm. : Smith’s British lavander. Ol. lavand. Angl. 2 oz., ess. ambr. gr. 1 oz., eau de Cologne | pint, S. V. R. 2 pints. Sweet-scented honey water, Aq. mellis odorifera. Ess. Berg. 3ss, ess. limon. 3ij, ol. caryoph. gtt. xij, mosch. gr. xij, S$. V. R.1 gall. aq. flor. aurant., aq. ros. opt. ana 2 pints, crocus in foeno about gr. xviij to colour it, but very yellow honey is better, and com- — municates a clamminess that retains the scent longer ; it should be very bright ; some add a little brandy colouring : an agreeable perfume, and is also made into ratafia by adding sugar. Usually confounded with honey water for the hair. Eau de millefleurs. S. V.R. |b. jss, sp. of jasmine 3ij, ess. of — lav. 38s, ess. Bergam. 3ij, orange fl. water 8 oz. Essence de myrte. Myrtle in flower lb. j to the gallon. Sp. of balm, Sp. melisse. 'Tops lb. j to the gall. proof: fragrant — cosmetics. Eau de melisse des Carmes, Aq. melisse composita. Fol. meliss. sicc. 4 0z., cort. lim. sicc. 2 oz., nuc. mosch. -sem. coriand. ana 1 oz., caryoph. arom. -cinn. -rad. angel. opt. ana 3iv, S. V. R. Ib. ij, brandy lb. ij; steep, distil in B. M., redistil, and keep for — some time in a cold cellar, The published receipt. | ComPpounD Spirits. 381 2. Spir. melissee 8 pints, spir. cort. citror. 4 pints, spir. nue. mosch. - sp. coriand. ana 2 pints, sp. rorismar. - sp. thymi, - sp. cinn. -sp. anis. virid. sp. majoran. - sp. hyssopi. - sp. | - sp. rad. angelicw, - sp. caryoph. arom. ana | pint; mix, distil, and keep it for a twelvemonth in an ice-house: supposed to be the original receipt of the barefooted Carmelites, now in possession of the Company of Apothecaries of Paris, who sell a great quantity of this celebrated water: cosmetic, stimulant. Eau sans pareille. Ess. Bergam. 31jss, ess. limon. 3iv, ess. citri. 3ij, spir. rorismar. Sviij, S. V. R. lb. vj: mix and distil in B. M. ; a fragrant cosmetic.—2. 8. V. R. 1 gall., mosch. gr. xx, ess. amber gr. 3ij, ol. lavand., ol. caryoph. ana 3}, ess. Bergam. 3ss, ol. sassafr. gtt. xv, ol. origani gtt. xx: mix. Esprit de la rose, Sp. rose. Petal. rosarum Ib. viij, S. V. R. Ib. iv; steep and distil to dryness in B. M.—2. Attar of roses 3), S. V. R. 1 gall.; distilin B. M. It may be made either more or less scented, at pleasure. Essence of roses. S, V. R. 2 pints, attar of roses 5i1}. Sp. of sage, Sp. of salvia. 'Tops |b. j to the gall. proof. Esprit de tain, Sp. of lemon thyme, Sp. thymi. _'Tops |b. j to the gall. proof. Eau Tarquebusade, Aq. vulnararia, Aq. sclopetaria. Sum. sicc. salvie, absinth., foenic., hysop., ruta, majoran., origan., serpilli, saturejz, menth. piper., mieliss., thym., rorism., calamenth., scordil, fol. angelicz recent., fol. basil., flor. lavand. ana 4 0z., proof spirit 2 gall. ; steep for a fortnight, distil 14 gall. _» 2. Summ. millefolii |b. jss, fol. rorism., fol. thym. ana Ib. ss, _ proof spirit 2 gall.: distil 1 gall. 3. Fol. rorism. lb. jss, summ. millef., fol. thym. ana lb. ss, proof spirit 2 gall.; distil 1 gail.; stimulant, also cosmetic, vulnerary. Essence de tubereuses.—Essence de jasmin. 'The flowers are stratified with wool or cotton, impregnated with oil of ben, or nut oil, in an earthen vessel closely covered, and kept for some time in a warm bath ; and this repeated with fresh flowers, until the _ oil is well scented ; the wool, &c. is then put into spirit of wine, _ q. s., and distilled in a balneum. FOR THE KITCHEN. Spirit of sweet basil.—Sp. of sweet marjoram. "Tops I\b., proof spirit 1 gall., water + gall. ; steep and distil off 1 gall. ; used to flavour sauces and stews. | _ Essence of bitter almonds. ¥ssential oil of bitter almonds lb. j, S. V. R. lb. vij; used by confectioners to make noyeau, 382 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— FOR USE IN THE ARTS. Guyot’s spirit. French brandy 5 gall. ; distil 10 pints: add to that left in the still well-water 30 pints, lavander flowers or leaves Ilb.; distil all off. Take of the spirit first drawn off 11 0z., mea- sures, well water 69 oz. measures ; of the second spirit 80 oz. mea- sures: mix. Used for preserving animals and vegetables; con- tains 1 part of alcohol to 13 water. Substitute for Guyot's spirit. Spirit of lavander 1 pint, very clear spring water 6 pints; if it grows thick, filter through white filtering paper. TINCTURES. FOR MEDICAL USE. TincTURA ACONITI. Fol. acon. 3}, proof spirit 3vj; anodyne, deobstruent, gtt. x, gradually increased. Tinct, apsintuit. (Ph. Den. et Pruss.) Wormwood | part, alcohol 6. Doses 4ss to 3}}. Tincr, aBsINTHII comp. (Par.) Large and small worm- — wood, of each 8, cloves 8, sugar 4, alcohol 125. EssENTIA AMARA. (Ph. Den.) Wormwood 4, blessed thistle, bitter orange peel, and gentian root, ana 1, alcohol 45. Doses 38s to 31) added to mixtures, Tinct. ators, P. L. 1788, P. D. < Tinet, cinnamomi P,D. Cinn. §iijss, proof spirit Ib. ij, Finet. lauri cinnamomi. Cinn. 3iiij, proof spirit Ib, ijss by - weight, ‘ Vinum. corcnicr, P. L. 1824, Colehici rad. ree. lb. j, proof spirit 3ilij, water Zvilj. | TINCT. COLCHICI SEMINUM. Hep - Trver. corenici. Rad. cole, 3ij, proof spirit iv: used in gout and rheumatism. | : _ Trvcr. conrrayerve. (Par. H.) Dose 3} to 3ij in a mixture. TINCT, CUBEB. TINCTURE OF COPPER AMMONIACAL. Prepared by taking one drachm twelve grains of copper filings, liquor of ammonia one ounce and a half, When the liquid has assumed a blue colour, itis decanted, and set aside, This tincture is used in makin Keechlin’s liquid in the following manner :—T ake of ammoniaca tincture of copper two ounces, hydrochloric acid five drachms twelve grains, distilled water five pounds, This has been found serviceable in cases of scrofula. The dose for a child of from three to eleven years old is a tea-spoonful once a day. CHAMBERLAIN’S BILIOUS CORDIAL, From the inner bark of _ the Juglans cinerea, with spices; much used in America, DaLene’s TINcTURE oF CoLoquINTIpDA, Pulp. colocynth, 3 jss, sem. anis. stell. 3), proof spirit 3xx; purgative, gtt. xv, ter quaterve die, augmenting the dose by gtt, j each time until a stool 4s obtained. _‘Trver. connt macutati. Fol. conii 3ij, card. min. 38, proof | spirit 3xij. ) _ ‘Tver. or sarrron, 7: croci, Croc. in foeno §8s, aq. theria- } calis 3viij. _. Tinet. eroci cum spiritu vini, Cro. 38s, proof spirit 5viij. a Croc, 4 02., coccin. 3iiij, proof spir. 1 gall. ; cordial, 5) to ij. _ Trycr. Betravonnz. Bielladon. fol. exsiccat. ij, spirit. tenuior. Oj ; macera per dies quatuordecim et cola: doses gtt. x to XXVv. ” 'Tincrune or stramontw m, 7. dature siramonii. Sem. daturee stramonii 3}j, proof spirit lb. j ; is said to be superior to laudanum: dose gtt. viij. . Trvcr. pictamni att. Rad. dictam. alb. rec. 3ij, 8. V.R. _ Lpint; tonic, antispasmodic, gtt. xx to 1, bis terve in die, in _ epilepsy and chlorosis. | | cc2 388 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— _ Tinct. OF FOXGLOVE, 7. digitalis. Fol. digit. sicc. iv, proof — spirit Ib. ij; diuretic, gtt. x, cautiously increased. Tinct. oF EUPHORBIUM, T. euphorbit. Gum. euph. 3 oz., 8. V.R. 1 pint; externally stimulant. Trnct. oF Gatt, T. fellis. Dried gall 2 0z., proof spirit 1 pint; removes freckles. Vinum Ferri, P. L. 1824. Ferri 5), potas. supertartr. 3vj ; grind together and moisten with water occasionally for six weeks; — then dry, grind, and add water 3xxx, strain and add proof spirit 3Xx. Tinct. Marris Mynsicuti, 7. florum Martialium, T. ferrt ammoniata. Flor. Martial. 3iiij, proof spirit lb. j. Trinct. oF stEEL, 7. Martis cum sale ammoniaco. Residuum in subliming iron filings with sal ammoniac q. p., S. V. R. q. s. to extract the tincture, evaporate to one half, and add a little spirit — of salt. Tinct. Martis In sPiRitu sais. Iron filings lb. ss, spir. of salt lb. iij: dissolve, decant, evaporate to a pint, and add §. V. R. Ib. iij. TINCT. FERRI MURIATI, 7. ferri muriatis, P.L.& D. From the rust instead of the filings of iron. 2. Colcoth. vitriol. 2 oz., spir. salis 8 oz., S. V. R. 2 gall., water a a, 4 pints; it will look well in time, but if for immediate sale adda — little brandy colouring. T. muriatis ferri, P. E. Blacksmiths’ scales of iron 5iij, spir. © salt q. s. to dissolve them, add S. V. R. to make up the weight of Ib, ijss. TINCT. ACETATIS FERRI. Kali acet. 3ij, sal Martis 3); grind — together, add S. V. R. lb. ij ; digest seven days, and decant: are astringent, tonic, gtt. xx], bis terve die. Tincr. ratipa, J. assefeetide, T. assafoetide, P.L. Ass. j foet. 5i1ij, 8. V. R. Ib. 1). | Tinct. assefetide, P.D. Ass. foet. Zij, 8. V. R. lb. ij, water 5viij. Tinct. ferule assefotide. Ass. foet. zi1ij, S. V. R. lb. ijss by weight: antispasmodic, 3ss to 3jss in hysteria. Soor prors, 7. fuliginis. Wood soot 3ij, ass. foet. 3}, proof — spirit Ib. ij; as the former. TINCT. GALBANI. Galb. 3 proof spirit lb.ij; less nauseous than the two former, but also less effectual. | TEINTURE DE GENTIANIN. | Gentianin gr. jv, wine spirit at 24 deg. Baume 3j. TINCTURES. 389 TrxcturE oF GALts,-7. Gallarum. Galls 3iiij, proof spirit Ib. ij : astringent 3]—3ij ; used asa test liquor for iron, with which it grows black. Gout corptaLt. Rad. rhei, fol. senne, sem. coriand., sem. feenic., coccinellz ana 3ij, rad. glycyrh., croci ana 3}, raisins 2+ Ib., S. V. R. 2 gall. Rexce’s EAv DE Husson, T. gratiole. From the dried herb of hedge hyssop: used in gout and rheumatism. TinctuRE oF cuaracum, T°. guaiaci, P.L. 1809. 7’. guaiaci officinalis. Gum _ guaiaci lb. ss, S. V. R. lb. ij, digest fourteen ; stimulant, diaphoretic, in rheumatism 3i} to 3ss. _ Hatfield's tincture. G. guaiaci, saponis ana 3ij, S. V. R. b. jss. _Hiill’s essence of bardana. G. guaiaci 3j, S. V. R. aque ana a. TINCTURE OF BLACK HELLEBORE, 7° hellebori. Rad. helleb. nig. 3ij, sal. tart. 5, coccin. §}, proof spir. lb. j. Tinct. melampodii, T. hellebori nigri, P. L. before 1809, P. D. Rad. helleb. nig. Ziiij, coccin. 5ij, proof spir. lb. ij. Tinct. hellebori nigri, P. L. 1809. Rad. helleb. nig. Ziiij, proof spirit lb. ij. | Tinct. hellebori nigri, P. E. Rad. helleb. nig. ziv, coccin. 33s, proof spirit lb. ij by weight ; .a striking example of useless alter- ations: attenuant, emmenagogue, 4ss—3jss, bis terve die. Hixv’s Batsam OF HONEY. Bals. Tolu 1lb., honey ilb., S. V. R. 1 gallon. 2. Bals. Tolu opt. 2 oz., gum. styrac. 3ij, opii pur. 3ss, mell. opt. 80z., S. V. R. 2 pints ; pectoral, used in coughs and colds. Forp’s BALSAM OF HOREHOUND. Horehound, liquorice root ana 3lb. 8 oz., water q. s. to strain 6 pints, infuse: to the infusion add proof spirit or brandy 12 pints, camphire 1 oz. 3ij, opium -pur., benjamin ana 1 oz,, dried squills 2 oz., oil of anise seed 1 oz., honey 3b. 8 oz. Eav pe Husson. Is thought to be a mixed tincture or wine of henbane and colchicum ; a tincture of colchicum has been pro- for it by Want ; a tincture of hedge hyssop is said to be sold or it by Reece; and a wine of white hellebore proposed by More: but neither of them is possessed of the same characters as the Parisian medicine. Trvxcr. or St. Joun’s wort, 7. hyperici. From the tops: useful in maniacal and melancholic cases. Trinct. or Hors, 7. humuli. Uops 3v, proof spirit lb. ij ; tonic, narcotic, 48s to 3ij. 390 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— _ ‘Tincr. or HENBANE, T. hyosciami, P. LL. T. hyosciami nigri. Fol. hyose. nigt, sie. 3iiij, proof spirit lb. jj. . T. hyosciami, P. D. Fol. hyos. sice. 3ij 3ij, proof spirit Ib. js -_ riarcotic, sometiniés putgative, gtt, xk to3j. | TincT. fPECACUANHS. Rad. ipecac. 2 oz. §. V. R. a pint: is less emetic than the root in substance; used in dysenitery. Vintm tPecactanus#, P. L. 1824. Ipece. rad. ij; age spirit fl. sxij, water fl.3xx. A good emetic for infants. $e Biv to 5x in divided doses. Tixcr. saLarti, T. jalape, P. L. Rad. jalap. $viij, proof spir. lb. ij. Purgative; generally added to purgative draughts to — promote their effects Tinet. jalapé, P.D. Rad. jalap. 3v, proof spirit Ib. ij. Tinct. convolvuli jalape. Rad. jalap. 3iij, proof spirit 3xv by weight ; purgative, 4j to 3ss. _ Elixir jalape compositum. Rad. jalap. 4 02., seam. Alep. $i¥, — G. G. G. 41), S.V.R.2 pints, : Tincr. kino, P. L. 1809. Kirio $i), proof spirit 1b. ij. Tinet. hino, P. L. 1824. Kino ij, 8. V. R. Oij. Tinct. kino, P. D. Kino iij, proof spirit Ib. jss. PE Tinct. kino, P. E. Kino $i), proof spirit Ib. jss by wt. ; asttin- — gent 3j to 3ss in diarrheea. an Tinct. tacca. Gum. lace. 4 02%. gum. myrrh. 2 02., spir. ochlear. 6 pints ; to wash spongy gums. ‘Tixcr. or oprum, Laudanum liquidum tartarizatum. Opii 2ij, croci 3j, cinfiam., caropli., macis, nue. mosch., lign. aloes, — ana 3j, tinct. salis tartari lb. ij; digest, strain and evaporate to — one half, ‘ Tinct. opii, P.L. 1788. Hard purif, opium 3x; proof spirit | lb. ij. y y Tinct. opit, P.L. and D. Opii_ Zijss, proof spirit |b. ij 5 the sediment is usea to make Haden’s liq. opii sedativus, , Tinct. opii, P. E. Opii 3ij, proof spirit Ib. ij by wt. : anodyne, — narcotic, gtt. xx to xl, or more; externally anodyne, antispas=_ modic. |p _ Vinum opii, P. L. 1824, Extr. opii 5}, cinnam., caryoph. ana 3), proof spirit 3vj, water 3x; anodyne, narcotic, gtt. v. to 3j. Ford’s laudanum. Opii 3}, cinnam,, caryoph, ana 5}, S. V.R. aq. ana =Vvilj | LavanvER Drops, Red hartshorn, Spiritus lavandule compositus, P. L. before 1809. Spir. lavand. simp. lb. iij, spir. rorism. Jb. jy cinnam., nuc, mosch, ana 3ss, santal. rubr. 3iij. 4 a ae = 9 i ne ’ ‘ “A 4 TINCTURES. 391 Tinct. lavandule ena ue Sp. lavand. comp. P. Li, 1809. The same, but with 1 oz. of red sanders. 2. Ras, sant. rubr. 11b., piment., cass. lign. ana 8 oz., S. V. R. 12 pints; digest, strain, and add ol. lavand. 4 02z., ol. rorism. 2 02., proof spirit 4 galls, 3. Ras. sant. rubr. 1lb., cass. lign. 2 0z., nuc. mosch. 1 02., eroci in f. 3iij, pisar. aurantiar. 1 oz., fol. ros. rubr. 2 oz., S. V. R. 1 gall.; make a tincture, it will produce 6 pints, to 4 pints of this tincture add ol. lavand. exot. 14 oz., spir. vol. aromat, 6 0z., S. V. R. 5 gall., distilled water 10 pints. 4. Red sanders 4 0z., S. V. R. 4 pints; digest, strain, and add ol. lavand. 3iv, ol. rorism. 1 0z., ol. cass. gtt. viij, ol. caryoph. gtt. iv, spir. ammon. comp. q. s. about 3vj, to produce the proper colour. Stimulant, antispasmodic, 3ss—3ij, in nervous languors. Sp. lavandule compositus, P. D. The same as the last, with cloves 3ij added. Sp. lavandule compositus, P.E. Spir. lavand. |b. iij by weight, sp. rorism. lb. ; by weight, cinnam. 3}, caryoph. 3ij, nuc. mosch. 3985 _ sant. rubr. 351i}. Gd ME me eee en : a eel a ee 4 ‘S , gallon. TEINTURE DE LuruLINE. Magendie’s lupuline 3j, S. V. R. _ 3ij; digest, add S. V. R. tomake 3 0z.; press out the liquid. TINncT. LACTUCARII. Tincr. masticuis.: Used to make eau de luce. SturLe TINCTURE or MyrRu, JT. myrrhe_ simplex. a 38s, salt. tart. 5ij; keepin a moist place fora week, add 8, V. R. 3viij. } Tinct myrrh, P. L. W745. Myrth 3iij, proof spirit Ib. 4. Tinct myrrhe, P. L. 1788 and P. D. Myrrh 3iij, proof spirit Ib. jss., 8. V.R. Ib. ss. * Tinct. myrrha, P. L. 1809. Myrrh 3iij, S. V. R. 5xij, water . $8. tb. 3 myrrhe, P. L. 1815. Myrrh 3ij, 8. V. R. lb. ij, water - Je Tinet. myrrha, P. E. Myrrh jiij, S. V. Rs §xx, water 3x. Detergent in gargles, and lotion for ulcers. Comrounn tincTURE or myrnu, Tincture of myrrh and aloes, T. myrrhe composita. Aloes, myrrh, ana 3}, proof spirit lb. j. 2. Aloes, myrrh, ana 12 0z., proof spirit 3 gall. 8. Gum. myrrh Lb. 4 02., aloes Barbad. 4 0z., proof spirit 1 3Y2 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— . 4, Gum. myrrh Ib. 2 0z., aloes B. B. 6 0z., S. V. R. 7 pints, water 5 pints. Detergent, prevents suppuration in green wounds. Burxir Myrruz comrositum, 7. sabine composita. Extr. sabinz 3], tinct. castor lb. j, tinct. myrrh |b. ss: emmenagogue. Teinture de myrrhe. Myrrh 3 oz., eau de Rabel 1b. by weight ; stimulant. Tinct. myrrhe rubra. Myrrh. 33), coccin. 38s, S. V. R. 5x1) 5 digest and strain: used for making electarium gingivale. TinctuRE OF Nux vomrica. Rosin of nux vomica gr. iij, S. V. R. 3}; in palsy. Parecoric ELIxIR, Elixir paregoricum. Opii pur., - fl. benz. ana 3}, camph. ‘9ij, ol. sem. anisi 38s, S. V. R. Ib. i. 2. Pulv. opii, fl. benz. ana 12 oz., gum. benz. 6 oz., camph. 1 02z., ol. anisi 3xij, proof spirit 8 gall. 8, Extr. opii 2 oz. 3ij, camph., fl. benz. ana 1 oz. 3iv, ol. anisi 3vj, S. V. R. 2 gall., water 10 pints. . 4, Gum opium | oz., gum benz. 2dum 8 oz., camph. 1 0z., ol. anisi 3iv, S. V. R. 12 pints, water 2 pints. Anodyne 3ss—3jj ; useful in recent coughs. ' Tinct. camphorata. The same, but with proof spirit. Tinct. camphore composita. 'The same, with proof spirit, and omitting the oil of anise seeds. Norris’s props. ‘Tart. emet. dissolved in S. V. R. and then coloured. Tinct. pint. Essence of spruce 3ij, spir. turion. pini Ib. j ; stimulant, antiseptic. TiNcT. PIPERIS. Pip. nig. 3iv, S. V. R. 3xvj; digest. BaTEMAN’S PECTORAL props. Sem. foenic. dulce. 2lb. 8 oz., sem. anisi 1 lb., proof spirit 4 gall., water q. s.; distil 10 gall., to which add opium 7 0z. 3iv, camph. 6 oz., kali pp. 1 0z., coral. rubr. 4 oz. 2. Castor. N. A. 2 0z., opium, ol. anisi ana 1 oz. 3iv, camph. 8 oz., sem. foenic. dulc. 2 0z., tinct. antim. 4 oz, proof spirit 10 pints, add rad. valerian and cochineal in powder. 3. Castor., camph. ana 4 o02., coccin. 1 oz., S. V. R. 2 gall., water 1 gall. 4, Opii, camph. ana 11b., castor. ol. anisi, santal. rub. ana4 oz., treacle 10lb.,S. V. R. 5 gall., water 4 gall. 5. Opii, camph. ana 3x, coccin. 3}, kali ppi. giv, ol. foenic. dule. 3) (or seeds 3 02.), proof spirit 14 pints, water 2 pints ; produces 15 pints. TINCTUREs. 393 6. Castor 1 oz., ol. anisi 3}, camph. 3v, coccin. 3jss, opii 3vj, proof spirit 1 gall. } _ 7. Rad. glycyrrh., sem. anisi ana 2lb., water 5 gall., boil. to 3 gall. ; strain, add sacchar. ust. 1lb., opii 3jss, castor N. A., rad. valerianz ana 3x, camph. 3ij, S. V. R. 2 gall., digest, strain, and add to the above. This will fill 22 doz. bottles. TINCTURE OF PSYCHOTRIA SULPHUREA. P.US. Yellow, very bitter; used as a tonic. Jesuits’ props, Balsamum polychrestum, Elixir antivenereum. Gum guaiaci. $vij, bals. Peruv. 3iv, rad. sarse sv, S. V. R. Ib. ijss. Bats. cuatactnum. Gum. guaiaci. lb. j, bals. Peruv. 3)iij, S. V. R. Ib. ijss; diaphoretic 3) to 5ij; externally prevents sup- puration. ELixin PROPRIETATIS DULCE. Myrrh, aloes, croci ana 3iij, S. V. R. Ib. ij. Elizir aloes, Tinct. aloes composita. 'Tinct. myrrh lb. ij, aloes croci ana 3iij. | Tinct. aloes cum myrrha. Myrrh 3ij, S. V. R. lb. jss, water Ib. ss; make a tincture, and add aloes 3jss, croc. 3}. 2. Gum. myrrh 12 oz., croc. in foeno 1 0z., aloes Soc. 8 02z., S. V. R. 5 pints, water 3 pints ; the compound tincture of myrrh is frequently sold for it. Stimulant, stomachic, emmenagogue, 4ss —3jss, bis terve die. Elizir proprietatis cum acido. 'To elixir proprietatis add spirit vitriol til of gratefully acid; stomachic 3ss—sjss. | Elixir ietatis tartarizatum. Myrrh, aloes, croci, ana lb. j, _tinet. salis tartari Ib. xij: for patients with whom acids do not _ agree, | _ Trnerureor porry, 7’. papaveris. Poppies, every part except the root, dried in the shade and powdered iv, proof spirit O) ; digest a week, and strain: produces about 3viij or x; is about half the strength of tincture of opium. + Ravewirr’s purctne Evixir. Rad. jalap. 6 0z., aloes Cap. 5 oz., rad. gent. 2 0z., canell. alb. 1 oz. 3iv, cort. aurant. 1 02., . Parad. 3iv, proof spirit 2 gall.» steep for three weeks, strain, add scam. Alep., ‘alow fol. sennze in powder ana 1 oz, 3iv. 2. 'Tinct. aloes 2 pints, tinct. jalap., tinct. gent. ana 8 0z., proof spirit 2 pints, scamm., r, jalap., fol. sennz ana 3iv. _ 8. Proof spirit, tinct. aloes ana 4 pints, tinct. gent., tinet. jalap. ana 2 pints, add pully. jalap. 6 oz, 394 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— 4, Aloes Soc. 3vj, cinnam., zedoaria ana 48s, rad. rhei 3}, coc- cin. 38s, syr. rhamni 3ij, spir. ten. lb. j, aq. 3v. 5, Hiera picra 1lb.,S. V. R. 10 pints, water 14 pints, syr. spin. cerv. 4lb., coccin. 1 oz.: an inferior sort. TIncT. PYRETHRI. BRS Bios 3}, Sp. rorism. 3viij ; used as a wash for the mouth, diluted with about twice as much water ; sialogosue in toothach. Oxley’s tinct. of pyrethrum. Rad. pyrethti 3x, spir. ether. sul- phur. Oj, digest ten days, strain, add camph. 3}, ol. rorism. 3ss, tinct. opii 3ij. M. Apply with lint to the painful tooth. Tincture or quassta, 7. quassie, T. quassie excelse. Quas. 3), proof spirit lb. ij ; bitter. ALCOHOL DE QUININE. Sulphate of quinine gr. v ; wine spi- rit at 43 deg. Baume 3}: febrifuge, used to prepare the wine. Eau ve Razer, Elizir vitrioli. Ol. vitriol. 4 02., 8. V. R. 12 0z., both by weight; tonic, astringent, diuretic. TincturE of rHUBARB, 7. rhabarbari, P. L. before 1788. Rhabarb. 3jss, sem. cardam, min., croci ana 3ij, rad. glycyrrh. 3}, proof spirit lb. j. | Tinct. rhabarbari spirituosa, T. rhabarbari, P. L. since 1788. # Tinct. rhei, P. L. Rhabarb. 3ij, sem. cardam. min. 3ss, croci 31}, proof spirit Ib. ij. . 2. Rad. rhei 2lb., sem. cardam., gr. Parad. ana 6 02., croc. in f. 3 oz., proof spirit 3 gall. 8. Rad. rhei 1lb., rad. glye. 6 of 22 2 0, cardam. 1 Of, croci 3iij, S. V. R. 5 pints, water 3 pints. f 4. Rad. rhei comm. 3lb., sem. cardam. 10 o0z., croci 6 of, S. V. R. water ana 3 gall., will strain about 44 pints. 5. Rad. rhei opt. 3lb., sem. card. 8 0z., croci 2 oz, S, V. R. ; 6 gall.; a superior article for retail sale. oe Tinct. rhabarbari, P. D. 'The same as the London, but with — rad. glyc. 3ss. ‘' _ Tinct. rhei palmati, T. rhei, P. E. Rhabarb. 3iij, sem. card. min, 3ss, proof spirit Ib. ijss by weight. e Bates’s tincture of rhubarb. Rhad. rad. glycyrrh. ana 3ij ail ere stoned No. 40, sem, anisi 3}, sacch, candi 3vj, S. v. Raa b. ij; much the pleasantest in taste. : TINCT. RHABARBARI compPosiTA, 7. rhet composita, P. L. 1809. Rhabarb. 3ij, rad. glycyrrh. 38s, zz. croci ana 3ij, proof spirit lb. xij, water lb. }. Tinorures. 395 . Tinet. rhei composita, P. L. 1815. Species as the former, proof spirit lb. j, water 3xij. Tinct. rhei et aloes, Elixir sacrum. . Rhabarb. 3x, al. Soc. 3¥j, sem. card. min. 3ss, proof spirit lb. ijss by wt. _Tinet. rhei et gentiane, T. rhei amara. Rhabarb. 3ij, rad. gent. 38s, proof spirit lb. ijss by wt. _ All these preparations of rhubarb are stomachic, 3j—3iij, and ptitgative in doses of 3 vj, petite es Saese Sart after their opera- tion is over ; favourite remedies with spirit drinkers. Tincttra Pisctpiz Erytuntva. ‘Tincture of the Jamaica , prepared with an ounce of the bark to twelve ounces of rectified alechol. Itis said by Dr. Hamilton, who introduces it, to be nh amt narcotic, anodyne, aid diaphoretic. He considers it to be superior to the tincture of opium in its medicinal effects, and at the same time it does not produce those unpleasant ptoms, which frequently prevent our using the last-mentioned . Inthe West India islands it is employed to intoxicate the fish, in order that they may be more readily caught. Med, Bot, Trans. Tincr. oF R#ATANY Root, Tinctura rhatanie. Rad. rhatanie 2 oz proof spirit 1 pint: used in diarrhea. /‘Tixet., naarani# aromatica. Rhatan, rad. cont. 5iij, eanelle cort. cont. § ij, spirit. tenuior. O ij, digere per dies decem,. et per chartam cola. As a stomachic and astringent, with a tonic infusion. Tinct. ruopit. Rhodii ligni ras. giv, spirit. rect. O j, macera per dies quatuordecim et cola. 3 ss 3j ter die in mucilaginous mixtures. — Tinct. riciyi. Sem. ricini q. p. 8. V. R. sufficient to drown the seeds ; dose 1 0z., purgative. 2, Dissolve castor oil q. p. in spirit of wine. Rymer’s canpiac TiNcTURE. Capsicum, camphire, lesser _ cardamoms, rhubarb, aloes, and castor, in proof spirit, with a few drops of oil of vitriol. Darfy’s extxir, Dicey’s Daffy, Elixir salutis. Fol. senn. $iv, tas. lign. guaiac., rad. enule sicc., sem. anisi., sem. carui, sem. oa tad, glycyrrh, ana ij, uvar. pass. (stoned) $viij, proof sp. . Vj. _. Swixtrow’s Darry. Rad. jalap 3 )b., fol. sennse 12 oz., sem. eoriand., sem, anisi, rad, glycyrrh., rad, enule ana 40z., 8. V.R., _ water, ana 1 gallon, 396 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— _ 2, Fol. senn., rad. rhei, sem. anisi ana 2lb., rad. jalap., sem. carui ana 1 lb., sant. rubr. 8 oz., proof spirit 10 gall., brown sugar 4 |b. 3. Rhabarb. E. Ind. 40 Ib., sennz 15 lb., sant. rubr. 5 1b., sem. carui, sem. anisi, sem. coriandri ana 5 |b., cineres Russici 8 oz., S.V. R. 10 gall. ; digest three days, then add proof spirit 80 gall., treacle 46 lb. ' 4. Rad. rheil4 lb., sem. anisi 101b.,sennez parvee 8 |b., rad. jalap. 4lb., sant. rubr. 3]b. 8 0z., ciner. Russ. 2 ]b., S. V. R. 38 gall., water 18 gall. 5. Rad. enule, ras. guaiaci, sem. coriand., rad. rhei, rad. glycyrrh., sem. anisi ana 3 oz., raisins 1 lb. 8 0z., proof spirit 10 pints. | 6. Rad. jalap. 3 lb., fol. sennee 1 lb., sem. anisi 6 0z., sem. co- riand. 4 0z., cort. aurant, sicc. 2 0z., proof spirit 2 gall, 7. Fol. sennse 7lb., rad. jalap. 5lb., sem. anisi 141b., sem. carui 4lb., sem. foenic. dulce. 4lb., brandy colouring 2 gall., S. V. R. 26 gall., water 24 gall. ; let it stand three weeks, strain, washing out the last portions with water 2 gall., then add treacle 28lb. Tinct. sENN&, TJ. senne, P.L. Fol. sennz |b. j, sem. carui 3 jss, sem. card. min, 3 jss, uvar. pass. 3Xvj, proof spirit 1 gall. Tinct. senne, P.D. As the London, omitting the raisins. Tinct. senne composita. Fol. sen. 3 i. rad. jalap. 3j, sem. co- riand, 3 ss, proof spirit lb. iijss by weight ; when made, add white sugar 3iv. | A common remedy in flatulent colic, and used as a purge by those accustomed to spirit drinking : dose one, two, or three table spoonfuls. Tinct. Saturnina. Sugar of lead, green vitriol ana 3 ij, S. V. R. lb. ij ; used in phthisis, OpropEetpoc, Soap liniment, Balsamum saponis, Linimentum saponaceum, L. saponis, L. saponis compositum. Sapo. Castil. ¢ iij, camphor. 3}, spir. rorismarini lb, j. Trncr. savonis composita, 7. saponis camphorata. Sapon, Cast. 3iv, camph. 3 ij, ol. rorismar. 3 ss, S. V. R. lb. ij. 2. Sapo. moll. 16lb., water 1 gall.: dissolve, add camph. 1Ib., ; dissolved in S. V. R. 1 gall., proof spirit 4 gall., ol. rorism. 8 oz. 3. Sap. moll. 5lb., camph. 12 0z., ol. rorism. 2 0z., S. V. R. 10 pints, water 6 pints. Rubbed on the part in rheumatism ; inter- nally, gtt. Ix, in gout. STEER’s oPODELDOc. Sap. Cast. 3lb., S.V.R. 3 gall., : ai 14 0z,, ol. rorism. 3 02z., ol, origani 6 0z., aq. ammon, pur. 2lb. | as TINCTURES. 397 _ 2. Sap. alb. Ub., camph. 2 oz., ol. rorism. ana 3iv, S. V. R. 2 pints. . 3. Sap. alb. Ilb., camph. 4 0z., ol. origani, ol. rorism. ana 3iv, S. V. R. q. v.: it will bear near 6 pints. 4, Sap. alb. 3lb., camph., o]. rorism. ana 6 02z., spir. am. comp. 4 oz., S. V. R. 4; gall. . _ 4, Sap. alb. 40z., camph. 1 0z., ol. rorism. 33j, ol. origani gtt. _ xxx, 8. V. R. 1 pint, water half a pint. | TINcT. OF SALT OF TARTAR, TJ. salis tartari. Melt 6 oz. of salt of tartar in a crucible ; powder it while hot, and immediately pour upon the powder a quart of spirit of wine, digest it for several days, and decant. Tinct. or squitis, 7. Scille. Fresh squills 5 iv, proof spirit Ib. ij; expectorant, diuretic, gtt. x to xxx. TINCT. OF SNAKE ROOT, 7° serpentarie Virginiane. Rad. serp. 3 ij, tinct. salis tartari lb. j. Tinct. serpentarie. Kad. serpent. 351i}, proof spirit 2lb, Tinct. aristolochic serpentarie. Rad. serpent. 3 ij, coccinel. 3}, proof spirit lb. ijss by weight. Diaphoretic, tonic, 3 j—3iv. Sromacu TincturE, TJ. stomachica, T. cardamomi composita, _ P.L. Cinnam. 3 ss, sem. cardam. min., sem. carui, coccinel. ana _ 3ij, uvar. passar, stoned, 5iv, proof spirit lb. ij. 2, Use cassia budsfor cinnamon, and only put half the cochineal ; _ stomachic, 3 j—3 ij. Tinct. cardamomi composita, P.D. The same, omitting the TINCT. SARSAPARILLE. _ Seuirx’s evixir. Opium 4o0z., camphor 1 oz., coccinel. 3), _ feeniculi dulc. 3 ij, tinct. serpent. 1 pint, spir. anisi 2 gall., water _ 2 pints, and add aur. musiv. 6 oz. > 2. Rad. glyeyrth. 1lb., kali PP 4 oz., coccinel. 1 oz., water 12 _ pints; boil till reduced to 1 gall., then add tinct. opii 12 oz., _camph. 1 oz., 8. V. R. 4 pints, aur. musiv. 12 02. _ 8, Opii 1 oz. Ziv, camph. 1 0z., coccin., kali pp. ana 3 j, burnt 2 o7., tinct. serpent, 1 pint, sp. anisi 2 gall., aur. musiv. ALcoHoL DE stRycHINE. Strychnine gr. ijss, wine spirit at deg. Baume, Syrups, 411 2 2. Sassafras lb. j, zz. 4 0z., water 3 gall. ; boil gently to 2 gall. __ add treacle 16\b., S.V.R.7 pints, tinct. Theb. 1 pint. sah 8. Opium 8 oz., ol. carui, ol. sassafr. ana 5 oz., treacle 56lb., $.V. R. 1 gall., water 8 gall. | _— 4, Opium 5iv, treacle 4b., boiling water 1 gall.; dissolve, add §.V.R. 2 0z., ol. sassfr. gtt. x1. iB ___ &, Sem. ‘carui, sem. coriandri, sem. anisi ana 4]b., water q. s. ; distil 16 gall., to which add opium 12 oz., ol. sassafr. 4 o2., dis- solved in S. V. R. 2 gall., proof spirit 5 gall., treacle 84lb.: this is a good article. 6. 5. V. R. 1 pint, tinct. opii 2 0z,, ol. sassafr. 3 jss, water . 101b., treacle 71b. “7. Sassafr. ix, sem. carui, sem. coriand., sem. anisi ana 3j, aq. Ib. vj; boil to lb. iv, strain, add treacle lb. vj, boil a few minutes, and when cold add tinct. opii 3iij: anodyne, narcotic; chiefly __ used to prevent the crying of. children, when in pain or starving. Datsy’s CARMINATIVE. ‘Tinct. opii 3ivss, tinct. ass. feet. 3ijss, ol. carui Diij, ol. menth. pip. Svj, tinct. castor. zvjss, S. V. R. I 3043 put 5ij into each bottle with magnesia 5), and fill up with simple syrup and a littlé S. V. R. _ Oxymex, Oxymel simplex. Honey |b. ij, white wine vinegar b.j; dissolve. . | __ Syr. acetosus. White wine vinegar lb. ij, white sugar lb. v; __ Syr. acidi acetosi. White wine vinegar Ib. ijss, white sugar Ib. iijss; boil to a syrup: diluted with water forms acidulous drinks and gargles, | Oxymer ex attio. Vinegar lb. ss, sem. carui, sem. foen. dul. ana he boil, add garlick 3ss, cover, and when cold strain, then add honey 3x. ‘ , MEL cotcnict. Fresh roots 5} distilled vinegar 1b. j, soak _ for two days, press, to the liquor add honey |b. ij, and boil to a syrup; in asthma and dropsy 3), bis die, gradually increased. Met seintz. Mel. Ib. iij, tinct. scillee lb. ij. | Oxymet or saviits, Oxymel scilliticum, O. scille, Syr. scille. Honey lb. iij, aceti scillz lb. ij ; boil to a proper consistence. Syr. scmi# maritime. White sugar Ib. iijss, aceti scille Ib. ij; expectorant, detergent, 3ij to 5iij; or in larger doses to dren as an emetic. _ Oxymet £ cremore tartani. Crem. tart. 3ij, mellis 3xxiv, aque Ovj; boil, in stone ware or glass, to the consistence of a ‘syrup: for making electuarium gingivale, 412 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— FOR VETERINARY MEDICINE. Syrop oF BUCKTHORN, Syr. de spina cervina, Syr. spine cervine. Juice of buckthorn berries full ripe lb. iv; steep ginger and all- spice, ana 3iv in 1 pint of it, then strain, boil the rest to lb. jss, mix the two liquors, and add sugar Ib. iijss. Syr. RHAMNI cATHARTICI. Juice clarified by settling 2lb., white sugar 3lb. 2. Juice | gail., brown sugar 12\b. 3. Juice 3 gall., brown sugar 28lb., piment. 6 oz. zz. 4 02., produced 38lb.; cathartic, but apt to gripe, 3ss to 3jss, seldom used but in clysters, except by the farriers, who employ it very hberally. FOR THE KITCHEN AND TABLE. CapiLuarreE, Clarified syrup. White sugar 24lb., water 16 pints, boil nearly to a syrup, clarify with white of 3 eggs, scum, and finish the boiling, adding, while warm, orange flower water 1 pint.—2. Gum. tragacanth. 3 oz., water 2 gall.: boil, strain, and make it up 3 galls. ; add white sugar 24lb., clarify with the white of 5 eggs, and then add orange flower water 2} pints: this does not mix well with wine.—3. Lump sugar 8lb., water 1 gall. ; boil, scum, and clarify with the white of an egg, when nearly cold add rose water 1 pint, put it up in very dry warm bottles ; it may be coloured with brandy colouring if desired: nutritive, restora- tive, an elegant addition to pump water in summer time ; sold for sirop de capillaire. Capillaire. Simple syrup 1 pint, curacoa a wine-glassful. Syr. of berberries, Syr. de berberis. Juice, cleared by settling, lb. ij, white sugar lb. jss, boil to a syrup. . Syr. of raspberries, Syr. rubi Idei. Juice lb. ij, sugar |b. iv 33j ; dissolve: a grateful acid cooler. Syr. of elderberries, Syr. sambucinus. Juice of the berries q. p. sugar q. s. to make a syrup. Syr. of black currants, Syr. e ribis nigris. As syrup of lemon juice ; cooling. Syr. of red currants, Syr. e ribis rubris. Press out the juice ; strain, put it into a glass or china vessel, cover with paper in which holes are pricked, expose it to the sun for a fortnight, take off the crust at top, add to each 4lb. of the clear liquor, 7lb. of sugar, and give it a quick boil: this preparation prevents any fur- ther fermentation. ah 7 Syr. of orange peel, Syr.e corticibus aurantiorum, Syr. corticis . ¢ Syrups. aa 413 . ——I i aurantii, Syr. aurantii, Syr. citri aurantii. Yellow part of Seville orange peel i, boiling water Ib.j; steep for a night, decant and add refined sugar |b. iij.—2. Orange peel i }b., 24\b., water 2 gall.; stomachic. Syr. of orange juice, Syr. e succo aurantiorum. Juice of oranges, strained and clarified, lb. j, white sugar lb. ij: stomachic, drank in water; also used for making punch, and mixing with melted butter for puddings. Syr. of lemons. Lemon juice 1 pint, white sugar 1}]b., thin a lemon peel 1 0z.—2. Clarified syrup 1 pint, citric acid 4 02z., emon peel j oz.—3. Syrup of lemon peel = pint, simple syrup + pint, citric acid 2 oz. Syr. of lemon peel. Lemon peel 3 oz., boiling water 1+ pint, mei. ine strain, and add white sugar alb, . Syr. of nutmegs, Syr. nucum moschatarum. Nutmegs 31ij, white ig infuse oe days, strain, add sugar lb. pl acmiite stimulant. . Syr. of hermes, Syr. alkermes. Juice of kermes 1lb., white sugar 4lb.: dissolve. _ Alkermes. Bay leaves 1\b., mace Ub. 4.0z., nutmeg and cinna- mon of each 2 0z., cloves 3vj, white cogniac brandy 28 pints, three weeks, strain, distil 24 pints, add syrup of kermes 18lb.: much used in Italy; every distiller’s has a different flavour: this approaches very near to that of alkermes de Santa Maria novella. | Confectio alkermes. Sugar \b. j, rose water 3vj ; dissolve, add juice of kermes lb. i ol. cinnam. 9}; the older recipes ordered a little gold leaf to float about in it, also musk and ambergris ; stimulant. Ratafia d’angelique. Angelica seeds 3}, stalks of angelica, bitter almonds blanched ana 4 0z., proof spirit 12 pints, white sugar 2lb. ; digest, strain and filter: carminative. Ratafia d’anis. Anise seed 2 0z., proof spirit 4 pints, sugar 10 oz.: it may be made of star anise seed. Huile d’anis. Anise seed 2 oz., S. V. R. 4 pints, simple syrup 4lb.: tincture of vanilla may be added. Anisette de Bourdeaux. Sugar 9 02., oil of anise seed gtt. vj; rub together, add by degrees S. V. R. 2 pints, water 4 pints: filter.—2. Cogniac brandy 6 pints, simple syrup 1lb., anise seed water 3 pint. Eau de vie d’ Andaye. The same ingredients as the former, but less sugar and oil. : Ratafia de caffé. Roasted coffee, ground 1lb., proof spirit 1 gall., sugar 20 oz.; digest for a week. white sugar ee eed dar al a oe Ge 2 6") ae 414 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— Ratafia de cassis. Ripe black currants 6]b., cloves 4ss, cinnamon 3j, proof spirit 18 pints, sugar 3lb. 8 oz.; digest for a fortnight. _ Ratafia des cerises. Morello cherries with their kernels bruised 8lb., proof spirit 8 pints; digest for a month, strain with expres- sion, add sugar 11b. 8 oz. Ratafia de Grenoble. Small wild black cherries with their kernels bruised 12lb., proof spirit 6 gall.; digest for a month, strain, add sugar 12]b., a little citron peel may be added at pleasure. | Ratafia de cacao, R. de chocolat. Caracca cacao nuts roasted 1lb., West India cacao nuts roasted 8 oz., proof spirit 1 gall.; digest for a fortnight, strain, add sugar 1b. 8 02z., tinct. of vanilla gtt. xxx, - Clairet, Rossalis des six graines. The seeds of anise, fennel, dill, corriander, carui, and daucus Creticus of each 1 0z., proof spirit 4 pints, sugar Lb. | Ratafia de coings. Juice of quinces 6 pints, cinnam., 3iij, cori- ander seed bruised 3ij, cloves bruised gr. xv, mace 3ss, bitter almonds Ziv, S.V.R. 3 pints; digest for a week, add sugar 2b. 8 oz. _ Escubac, Usquebaugh. Saffron 1 oz, juniper berries 3iv, dates without their a og raisins ana 3 o2., jubebs 6 oz., anise seed, mace, cloves, coriander seed ana 3}, cinnam. 31j, proof spirit 12 pints, simple syrup 6lb. ; pectoral, emmenagogue. ' Ratafia de framboises. Raspberries 8lb., proof spirit 4 pints, sugar 12 oz. . Ratafia de geniévre. Dried juniper berries not bruised 2 oz., proof spirit 4 pints, sugar 10 oz. ge Ratafia de brou de noiz. Young walnuts, whose shells are not yet hard, no. 60, brandy 4 pints, sugar 12 oz., mace, cinnamon, cloves, ana gr. xv; digest for two or three months, press out the liquor, filter, and keep it for two or three years: stomachic. Ratafia de noyaux. Peach or apricot kernels, with their shells bruised, no. 120, proof spirit 4 pints, sugar 10 oz.—2. Reduce ~ the S. V. R.to proof, with the juice of apricots or peaches, to make this liqueur. ‘Créme de noyaux, Bitter almonds blanched 4 0z., proof spirit 2 pints, sugar j lb.—2. Bitter almonds 4 0z., coriand. seed 3 ij, cinnam. 3j, mace 3j, linseed half an oz., gin or proof spirit 4 pints, white sugar L1b. 8 oz., ginger 3}, boiling water 2lb., alum 3ij. Ratafia @eillets. Clove pinks, the white heels pulled off, 4Ib., cinnamon, cloves ana gr. xv, proof spirit 1 gall., sugar 1b. Ratafia a la Provengale. Striped pinks 1lb., proof spirit 2 pints, sugar 8 oZ., juice of strawberries 11 oz., saffron gr. xv. ~ Syrups anp Liqueurs. 415 - Ratafia Pécorces Poranges. Fresh peel of Seville oranges 4 oz, proof spirit 1 gall., sugar IIb. ; digest for six hours. | Ratifia de fleurs Poranges. Fresh flowers of the orange tree 2Ib., feeid spirit 1 valk sugar Ilb, 8 oz.: digest for six hours only. _ Huile de vanille. S. V. R. 2 pints, simple syrup 2lb., tincture of yanilla q. s. . of vanilla. Vanilla 2 0z., in small pieces, powdered sugar 17 oz., water 10 oz., spirit of wine 3 oz. ; rub down, add the white of an egg, cover the pot with a paper that has a pin hole in it, and keep it in a vessel of warm water for a whole day, let it stand 24 _ hours, and strain ; used to flavour liqueurs, and ices: 1 oz, is equal to ss of vanilla. Vespetro. Angelica seed 2 0z., coriander seed 1 o2., fennel seed, ." seed ana 31j, lemons sliced, no. 2, proof spirit 4 pints, sugar Ratafia @ la violette. Flor. orrice root 31}, archel 1 0z., S. V. R. _ 4pints: digest, strain, and add sugar 4lb. ~~ Fenouillette de Vile de Rhé. Fennel seed 2 0z., herb of the same 8 oz., S. V. R. 2 pints, water 4 pints, sugar 10 oz.—2. White wine OD eell. fennel seed bruised a handful, or a whole plant of fennel ; ong rica milk, Urine @éléphant. Benjamin 2 oz., S. V. R. 1 pint, boiling water 2} pints; when cold, strain, and add sugar 1lb. 8 oz. ‘ Ratafia de baume de Tolu. Balsam of Tolu 2 0z., 8. V. R. 1 pint, boiling water 3 pints, sugar 1b. 8 oz. | Citronelle, Hau de Barbades. Fresh orange peel 2 oz., fresh lemon peel 4 02z., cloves 3ss, coriander 3}, proof spirit 4 pints; distil in B. M. and add white sugar p. eq. _ Créme des Barbades. Orange peels, lemon peels, ana no. 3, cinnamon 4 0z., mace 3ij, cloves 3j, rum 18 pints ; distil in BJM, and add sugar p. Puc Lemons sliced, no. 24, citrons sliced ho. 6, S. V. R. 2 gall. 4 pints, fresh balm leaves 8 oz., water 3 gall. 4 pints ; digest for a fortnight, strain. _ Cedrat. Lemon peels no. 12, S. V. R. 2 gall.; distil in B, M. _ and add simple syrup p. 2q. _ Parfait amour. The same, coloured with a little cochineal. _ Marasquin de groseilles. Gooseberries quite ripe 100|b,, black nerry leaves 12\b.; bruise and ferment; distil and rectify the irit: to each pint of this spirit add as much distilled water, and \ agar 11b. 416 XI. LIQUID COMPOUNDS.— Huile de Venus.. Flowers of the wild carrot, picked, 6 oz., S. V. R. 10. pints; distil in B. M.; to the spirit add as much syrup of capillaire ; it may be coloured with cochineal. Eau divine. S.V.R. 1 gall., ess. of lemons, ess. of Berga- motte ana 3); distil in B. M. add sugar 4lb., dissolved in pure water 2 gall., and lastly, orange flower water 5 oz. Brandy shrub. Brandy 9 pints, lemon juice, orange juice aim 1 pint, orange peels no. 4, lemon peels no. 2, sugar atb., water 5 pints. Rum shrub. The same, using rum instead of brandy.—2. Con- crete acid of lemons 8 oz., water 5 gall., raisin wine 4 gall., rum 10 gall., orange flower water 4 pints, honey 6lb.—3. Orange juice 2 pints, rum 8 pints, sugar Ilb. 8 oz. Punch shrub. Lemon juice or lime juice 1b. ; strain, and add white sugar 4lb., rubbing part of it upon 12 of the lemons to get off the yellow peel before a them, rum 4 pints: used to make punch by putting half a pint into 2 pints of hot infusion of tea; it will take about 25 lemons, or twice that number of limes. Lemonade shrub. Juice of 8 lemons, juice of berberries 3 oz., white sugar half an oz., white wine half a pint; may be diluted at leasure to make lemonade or sherbet. In hot countries use orange juice, as lemoh or lime juice is apt to produce cholera. Curacoa.. Melasses spirit 1 gall., Seville orange peel cut thin, dried, and “Tape 1lb., steep fourteen days ; strain, add simple syrup 1 gall, ; ' Creme @orange. Oranges sliced no. 36, S. V. R. 2 gall., sugar _ 18lb., water 4 gall. 4 pints, tincture of saffron 1 oz. 3iv, orange _ flower water 4 pints; digest for a fortnight, strain. Sportsman's: cordial, Eau de chasseurs. Peppermint water, — S. V. R. of each 1 pint, white sugar 8 oz. . All the above liqueurs are stimulant, and taken ad libitum for : pleasure. Liqueurs are also made by adding Hungary water, honey water, eau de Cologne, and several other spirits, to an equal quantity of — simple syrup, or common capillaire. Hippocras. Canary, Lisbon ana 12 pints, cinnam. 2 oz., canel. — alb. Siv, caryoph., macis, nuc. mosch. zingib., galang. ana3j; digest three days, strain, add white sugar 40 oz. Elixir de Garus.. Myrrh, aloes ana 3 jss, cloves, nutmegs ana — 3 1ij, saffron 3}, cinnamon 3vj, S. V. R. 1 gall.; distil 9 pints, then make an infusion of vaasieieaee 4 oz., liquorice root 3iv, figs 3 oZ., in boiling water 1 gall. ; strain with expression, dissolve in it SyRups. 417 _ white sugar 12]b., add orange flower water 12 oz. : to each pound of this syrup add half its weight of the distilled spirit, and keep it for some time in a cellar. 2. Myrrh. 3iv, aloes, croci ana 3ij, cinnam., caryoph., nuc. mosch. ana 9 j, proof spirit 2 pints; make a tincture, strain, add syr. capilli Veneris lb. ij, aq. for. aurant. 3 xij. : ” Huile liquereuse des fleurs doranges. Orange flower water, simple syrup ana p. eq. | Huile liquereuse de la rose, Julepum rosatum. Rose water, simple syrup ana p. «eq. | Colour for brewing, Brandy colouring, Essentia bine. Brown _ sugar melted until it begins to grow bitter, and then made into a _ syrup with lime water: used to colour liquors. Browning. Lump sugar 8 0z., water a table spoonful; heat it — _ to a brown colour; add salt 1 oz., and dilute with water to the thickness of Japan soy: used to colour sauces. Raspberry vinegar, Oxysaccharum rubi Idei. . Raspberries 3lb., vinegar 2 pints, white sugar 3lb.: produce 3 pints of vinegar. FOR USE IN THE ARTS. — Solution of burnt sugar. Burn white sugar until the vapours are copiously disengaged, and the brown, almost black, matter sticks _ to the vessel; add warm water to form a solution, to every oz. measure of which add spirit of wine 3 jss to keep it: when used, _ dilute it with more water that the shade of colour may be per- ceived: used as a measure of the discolouring power of charcoal. } Syr. of red cabbage, Syr. brassice rubre. Juice of red cabbage Ib. 1), sugar lb. v, make a syrup; some steam the leaves before they press them.—2. Leaves q. p. boiling water q. s. to cover them; infuse, strain, add sugar q. s.; pectoral, much used in some places. 4 _ Syr. of violets, Syr. violarum, P.L. before 1745. Fresh flowers ‘Ib. j, boiling water lb. ijss; infuse for a day, press out the liquor ; in every 2 pints dissolve sugar lb. iv ; scum, and boil to a syrup. : Syr. e succo violarum. Juice expressed from the flowers lb. j, sugar |b. ij, or rather more ; boil to a syrup. __ Syr. violarum, P.L. since 1745, Syr. viole, Syr. viole odorate. From the infusion strained through a fine cloth, carefully avoid- ing the least pressure. _ The syrups of logwood, columbine flowers, purple flag, blue- bottle, litmus, red cabbage, and even indigo scented by iris root, EE 418 XII. COMPOUNDS.— are sold for it: that of indigo does not strike red with acids, Used as a colouring syrup, or gentle laxative for infants ; but mostly as a test for acids. —-—_— XII. COMPOUNDS, NEITHER LIQUID NOR OILY. CONSERVES. In making conserves, the sugar requires the same attention asin making syrups ; and when made, the conserves should be put into — _a stone pot, covered only with a paper, and let to stand two or three weeks in the sun, stirring them once or twice a week. FOR MEDICAL USE, MEL HELLEBORATUM, Rad. helleb. alb. lb. j, water lb. iv; soak, boil, press out the liquor, strain again, add honey Ib. iij, and — boil te a proper consistence ; cathartic, in mania. Honey or rosEs, Mel rosatum, M. rosaceum, M. rose. Dried red roses Ziv, eae water lb. iij; infuse, strain, add honey — Ib. y, and boil down: used in cooling detergent gargles. Ros pyacaryon, Juice of green walnut husks 4lb., hone 2lb. ; boil down: stomachic 5 j to 3ss: about 50 walnuts yield pints of juice, | | Ros piamorum. Juice of mulberries 4lb., honey 2\b. ; boil dewn : cooling. . | ConsERVE oF wormMwoop, Conserva absinthii maritimi, Leaves — lb, j, sugar Ib. iij ; heat or grind into a conserve: tonic stomachie, Cons. COCHLEARIZ HORTENSIS. Leaves lb. j, sugar lb. iij; _ stimulant, antiscorbutie. | Cons. oF HIPs, Cons. cynosbati, Cons. fructus cynobasti, Confec- tio rose canine. Fruit carefully separated from the seeds and their down lb. j. sugar 5xx. | _ Cons. Rosz cantnz. Fruit pulped Ib. j, sugar Ib. iij; cool- ing.—2. Hips 231 lb., before pulping, after being pulped and beat up with white sugar 216 lb, produced 388 lb. . . Cons. or mint, Cons. menthe foliorum, Cons, menthe sativa. Leaves lb. j, sugar lb, iij; allays vomitting. Cons. OF RED ROSES, Cons. florum rosarum rubrarum, Cons. _ florum, rose rubre, Cons. rose rubre, Confectio rose Gallice, Cons. ' rose Gallice. Petals lb. }; sugar |b. iij; astringent. ee Ral, ConseRvEs. 419 >. Cons, oF RosEMARY, Cons, roris marini. Cons. or RUE, Cons. rute foliorum, ; Cons. OF ORANGE PEEL, Cons. corticum aurantiorum, Cons. corticum qaurantiorum Hispalensium, Cons. corticis exte- aurantii Hispalensis, Confectio aurantiorum, Cons, aurantii, Cons. citri inka By Yellow part of the peel of Seville oranges 7 wok sugar lb. iij ; stomachie. , Sergapantsetan oF sLogs. Pulpa prunorum sylvestrium condita, Cons. prunorum sylvestrium, Cons. prune sylvestris, Soften the sloes by simmering them over the fire in a little water, taking care they do not burst, pulp them through a sieve, add to the pulp ap times its weight of sugar ; astringent. Cons. ari. Fresh roots lb. ss, sugar lb. jss ;_ diuretic, attenuant- __ fans, scille. Fresh squills 3}, sugar 3x ; diuretic, attenuant. | FOR THE TABLE, | Banorepy JELLY, Rob de berberis. Juice of barberries strained 1 pint, esof 3V Mi boil down to a jelly.—2?. Juice and sugar ana p. 2q il down: refrigerant. — . Kentish cherry jelly, Rob de cerasis, Kentish cherry juice, stra ied, 1 pint, sugar 3vj; boil down: refrigerant. Cornelian cherry jelly, Rob de cornis. Cornelian cherries lb. j | bai tp ee a little water, pass through the sieve, add sugar 3yj, an pies jelly, Rob cydoniorum. Juice of quinces, cleared by settling a: Ib. vj; boil to lb, ij, add sugar 3vj, and boil dowd. _ Quince marmalade, Diacydonium, Flesh of quinces, boiled soft in sem Ib. viij, white sugar lb. vj, boil to a jelly, and pour into - moulds. Rob prunorum acidorum. Unripe plums 8 |b, white sugar 7 lb. _ Currant jelly, Rob de vibes. Juice of red currants |b. j, sugar | 3¥j ; boil down; a sieve of currants produced 12lb, of juice,—2. “Juice of red currants, white sugar ana p. @q,, stir it gently and noothly for three hours, oe) it into glasses, and in three ys it ill concrete into a firm jelly — Rob of elderberries with sugar, Rob baccarum sambuci cum sac- _charo. Suice |b. iiij, sugar lb. ; boil down: detergent, used in, zargles.—2. Juice 16 pA sugar 87., produced 130|b. Apple jelly. Apple juice strained |b. iiij, sugar lb. ij; boil to a jelly. | ee caberry jelly. Tuice of strawberries lb, iiij, sugar |b. ij ; boil down. EE2 4920 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— Gooseberry jelly. Dissolve sugar in about half its weight of water, boil; it will be nearly solid when cold: to this syrup add an equal weight of gooseberry juice, and give it a boil, but not long, for otherwise it will not fix. | Gooseberry jam. A sieve of red gooseberries, picked, weighed — 22\b., which with 12lb. of white sugar, produced 26lb. of jam. - Damson cheese. Boil the ‘fruit in water q.s. to cover it, and ulp through a very coarse sieve, to each pound add sugar 4 oz., boil, till it begins to candy on the sides, then pour it into tin moulds. Other kinds of plums may be treated in the same way, as also cherries and several kinds of fruit. Raspberry jam. Picked respbentte white sugar, of each 14lb., produced 271b. of jam; 24 gall. of raspberries produced 17lb. of juice. Apricot jam. Flesh of apricots, white sugar, of each 23)b., fa, 4tlb. jam: 6 doz. apricots, stoned and pared, pro- duced 22b. of flesh. ! Scotch marmalade. Juice of Seville ome 2 pints, yellow” peel of the oranges cut small, yellow honey 2lb.; boil to a proper consistence. Marmalade of hips. 'The hips of Rosa systyla and R. arvensis make a fine flavoured conserve, that may be used as an excellent sweetmeat. Marmalade of wood sorrel, Cons. eae lujule, Cons. lujule. Leaves of wood sorrel Ib..j, sugar lb. 1ij; gratefully acid, of an elegant red colour, cooling. Essence of lemon peel.— Ess. of Seville orange peel. Rub off the yellow rind of these fruits with hard white. sugar, and press the essence into a pot. ELECTARIES. Under the name of electaries physicians include all solid or” pulpy mixtures of different substances which are not of an oily nature, but more or less soluble or diffusible in water. Thename electarium has been usually written electuary; but Czlius Aure- lianus, the most ancient author who uses the word, writes it elec- tarium. Gum tragacanth does not. answer for electaries, as it renders them slimy when long kept. FOR MEDICAL USE. ELECTARIUM E BACCIS LAURI. Fol. rute sicc., sem. carui, sem. petrosel. vulg., bacc. lauri ana 3), sagapeni 3ss, piper. nigri, castor. Russ. ana 3ij, mel, 3 xv. ELscrarlies. 421 Conrectio ruts. Fol. tute sicc., sem. carui, bacc. lauri _ @Ma 3jss, sagapeni 3ss, pip. nigri 3ij, mell. gar; filter and distil off the acid, repeating this three times. GLAUBER’sS PREPARED oPitm. Opii 3iv, spir. salis 4j3s cremior. tartari 3j; mix, digest with S. V. R., filter, and distil o: the spirit. | Be ELEcTARIUM ANTHELMINTICUM. Stanni pulv. 3iij, conf. rose Gall. 3ss, syr. simpl: q.s.; dose a table spoonful évery morning for three days ; to be succeeded by a cathartic. Et. catHarticum. Conf. senne 3jss, lact. sulph. 38s, syr. rose q.s.; dose 3j, three or four times a day, in piles, sia Enrcrartes. 497 Eb. pewurerss. Sperm. céti 3ij, pulv. trag. & 3), syr. papav. syr. Tolu. ana 3ij, conf. rose 5vj, sal nitri 33s; dose size of a Ex, EMMENAGoGIcUM. Myrtrhe 9j, ferri ammon. gr. vj; syr. 22. q.8.; size of a nutmeg to be taken twice a day. b Et. strmutans. Gum. ammon. 3), aceti scillz q.s. ut fiat _ emplastrum ; to be applied to the pit of the stomach. Ex. pottcnos. Pods scraped into syrop, till the hairs render _ it as thick as honey; dose a tea spoonful in the morning fasting, asa vermifuge, a purge being given a day or two afterwards: _ Ets sunpuurts: Fl. sulph. 3ss, elect. lenit. ij, salis nitri 3 iij, syr. cort. aurant. q. s.; in piles, dose 3} to 3ij; bis terve die. Eu. surruvris comr. Flor. sulph. 38s, potass. supertart. 3), _ confectio senne 3ij. confect. pipefis nig: 3jss, syrop. zingib. Ps ; dosé 3j—3ij. (J. C.) _ Ev. sutpnuris cum Borace. (J. C.) Flor. sulph. 3), pot. supertart, $jss, subboracis sode 3ss, conf. senne 3ijss, syrup aurantii 3j, vel. q: si, in dose 3ss—3ij. In diseases of the lower bowels, and uterine organs. _ Et. reresintutne. Ol. tereb. rect. 3j, mellis 38 dose, eoch. min. j to ij, bis in die, in gonorrhea. | _ Epiraema ammoniacit. Gum ammon. Ziij, solve in acetum scilla q. s., cui adde extr. cicute 3ij, extr. Saturni 3); for white swellings, _ Ep. Goutarpi. Cons. rosar. 3j, mellis rosar., extr. Saturni, _ tinct. opii ana 3ij; for painful and irritable ulcers. _ _ 2. Cremor. lactis 3j, extr. Saturni 3j; for erysipelatous in- _ Ep. teresintuine. Mellis, tereb. vulg. ana 3j, far. tritidi, 4 &: for chilblains. _ 2 Tereb. comm. 3j, vitellum unius ovi; as a digestive to wounds. CAvsticum comMUNE ¢. ov1d. Potassie c. calce 3ij, Opil pulv. 585, sapon. moll. q.s. to fungotis ulcers. Pasra epispastica. Canthar., farine tritici ana p. #q., acet, q- 8. superior to blistering plaster. _ Laycrus pemotcens. Sperm. ceti, pulv, trag. comp. atia. r. papay. q.s. ut f, linctus; dose a tea spoonful oeca- pee __L. exrrcrorans. Oxym, scillw, syr. althew, mucilk. gum b. ana 3ss, 428 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS. L. stimutans. . Mellis 3}, ol. terebinth. 3ij ; dose a tea spoon- ful night and morning, with a draught of any weak drink. L. porassz NITRATIS. - Potas. nit. contrit. 3jss, mellis ro 3j, oxymellis simp, 3ss. Misce. 3j, subinde, | L. acipi MuriaTici. Mellis rose 3x, syrop. rheados sii, acidi muriatici M xx. : L. orzosus. Olei amygdal., syrup. mori, ana 3j, conf. ros. canin. 3j, puly. tragacanth. co. ziij. Misce 3}, subinde. - 2, Olei olive, oxymellis scille syrup., papaveris, ana 3). Dosis 3}, subinde. L. orratus. Syrup. papav. 3ij, mucilag. acacia ver. 3), confect. ros. canin. 3j, acid. sulph, dil. 37). CATHARTIC. SUPPOSITORY. 2 dur. 3j. elaterii gr. ij ; used when a powerful action is required. Narcotic suppository. Soap 3}, opium gjss; useful in nephritic pains. | | SuprosITORIUM VERMIFUGUM. Saponis duri 3j, aloes Socotr. gr. x; to be introduced immediately after a stool. DeEpiLaAToRY OINTMENT, Linimentum depilatorium. Calcis vivee 3j, auripigmenti 3), albumin. ovorum q. s.; mix. Sinarism. Horse-radish root fresh, flour of mustard, water ; beaten into a mass. , ELECTARIUM EX CARBONE. Carb. lign. 3iij. gum Arab. 3ij ; sacch. albi 3j, aq. q.s.; a table spoonful added to clysters of — bran, in dysentery and windy colic. OPIATUM ANTITUBERCULOSUM, of Lepecq de la Cloture. Sperm. ceti, - ocul. cancr. - sulphur, ana 3ij ; conserv. rosar. 3ss; agarici piperati 3iij; mellis, sive syr. simpl. q.s.; used in tubercular phthisis, gr. xlviij to 3jss three or four times a day. Moscuus rEDucTUs. Nuc. mosch., macis, cinnam., caryoph. arom., spice nardi ana p. eq. blood q.s.; beat it into a paste, dry in the sun, moisten it with musk water, and add 1-4th of pure musk.—2. Toasted bread, goat’s blood, of each 2 oz., pure musk 1 oz.; beat well together, and fill the bags.—3. Styrax, labda- num, lign. aloes ate of each 4 oz., musk, civette of each 3 iv; mix.—4. Musk, rad. angelice, goat’s blood of each p. #2q.—8é. Mosch, Chin. 4 0z., chocolate half an oz., ivory black quarter of an oz., sal tartari 3}. - AMBRA-GRISEA REDUCTA. Ben nuts 3 oz., sperm. ceti 3 02.5 benjamin, Flor. orrice root, starch of each 7 oz., asphaltum 1 02., musk 3iv, ambergrise 6 oz., mucilage of gum tragacanth q. s. ELecrTaRigs. " 429 _ ZrsetHumM REpucTuM. Civette q. p.; mix it with ox gall and storax.—2. Civette 18 oz., pulp of raisins 8 oz., musk 1 oz. ;_ mix, and keep it in a warm place for three weeks or.a month.— 3. Civette 20 oz., styr. liquid., honey, ox gall. pulp of figs of each 2+ oz., musk 1 oz. -Exrr. corr. Pervy. repuctum. Cort. fraxini 30lb., gum. Arab. lb, j, cort. Peruv. small and gruffs from tinctures 30Ib. Anwxotto reEpucTUM. Flag annotto 3lb., gum. trag. 2lb. dissolve in water q. s. add soap, red bole of each 2 oz. VETERINAKY MEDICINES. “CONFECTIO OPII FOR HORSES. Opium 1} 0z., macerate in warm water till it forms a thin paste, then add ginger powder 3 oz., carui seeds powd. allspice Peas of each 6 02z., treacle 24 oz.; _ mix. This is a good cordial for cattle; the above will make about 20 doses of 2 oz. each, to be given in warm beer or an infu- sion of peppermint. Tueriaca Lonpinensis, Cataplasma e cymino. Sem. cymini Ib. ss, bace. lauri. - fol. scord. - rad. serp. Virg. ana 3iij, caryoph. arom. 3}, honey 3xlviij ; the old formula had opium in it, and was _ made up with syrup of poppies. 2. For cloves, put in twice the weight of allspice: at present __ mostly used by the farriers as an alexibhiaratic ; formerly given 3ij _ to 3ss, the old form being weaker than Venice treacle, but plea- santer to the taste. _ Mustarp LInImMeENT For norseEs. Flour of mustard 2 oz., _ aqua ammonie 1 oz., water q. s. to give it the consistence of thin _ cream ; mix, and rub on the belly in inflammation of the bowels. Escuaroric LIinimEN?, for farriers. Honey 4 0z., spirit of salt and verdigrise of each 1 oz; mix. PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS. Coral dentifrice, El. gingivale. Oxym. e crem. tart. 3xij, tinct. myrrh. rub. Ziij. ol. cajep. gtt. x, ol. cinnam. gtt.xx; mix: for scorbutic gums.—2. Lacce in glob. 3ij, alum. 9iiij, rad. irid. Flor., rad. bistorte, flor. rosar, rubr., myrrh ana 9i), mellis q. s, to make an electary. _ Ei. dentifricium. Myrrh. 3iij, crem. tart., cochin. ana 3jss, _¢earyoph. arom. 3), mellis Ziiij; mix. EL gingivale antiscorbuticum. Gum. lacc. in baculis, myrrhe ana 3), mellis q. s. El. ad stomacacen Spielmanni. Puly. rad. ireos, Flor., pulv. 430 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— sang. drac. of each 3jij, alum, 3ij, myrrhe, mastichis of each 3), syr. Tolutanus q. s, to make an electary ; in foul gums, Almond paste. Almonds blanched 4 0z., lemon juice 2 oz., oil of almonds 3 oz., water 1 0z., proof spirit 6 0z.—2, Bitter almonds blanched 1lb., white of 4 eggs, rose water, 8. V. R. ana q, s. _® Brown almond paste. Bitter almonds blanched, pulp. of raisins * of each 1b., proof spirit q.s.: cosmetic, softens the skin, and prevents chaps. FOR THE KITCHEN AND TABLE. Almond paste for orgeat. Boil the almonds in water until the skin parts easily, strain, throw the almonds into cold water, blanch them, and dry either in the sun or stove till they are brittle; to each half pound of blanched almonds add as much Italian melon seed, steep in cold water 4 pints for five or six hours, strain off the water except about 4 or 5 oz., reduce them to a fine paste, adding powdered sugar 11b. This paste may be dried in a stoye, that it may be kept for some time, Almond paste, Pasta regia, P. amygdalina. Amygd. dule, decort, lbj, amygd. amar, decort. 3ss, sugar lb. j, aq. flor. aurant, q.s.; beat to a paste sufficiently stiff not to stick to the fingers. Quince marmalade, Miva vel gelatina cydoniorum. Juice of ‘ quinces lb. xij, boil to a half, add white wine lb. v; simmer awa about 3 or 4 pints, let it settle, strain, add white sugar Ib. iij, and boil till it fixes when cold. Ready made mustard, Flour of mustard 3lb., salt 1b. ; make it up with raisin wine, and add 3 or 4 spoonsful of sugar to each pint. Must, i. e. grape juice, was formerly used, whence its — name; used as a sauce.—2. Flour of mustard 8lb., wheat flour, — bay salt, of each 1{lb., Cayenne pepper 2% 02., water q.s.— — 3. Salt 14]b, boiling vinegar 2 gall., seraped horse radish 1\b., cover, and let it stand a day and night ; strain, and add flour of — mustard q. s. Patent mustard. Black ginger 12lb., common salt 18]b., water _ 15 gall., boil, strain; to each gall. add flour of mustard 4lb. Moutarde a lestragon. Black mustard seed, dried until friable and then finely powdered, IJb., salt 2 oz., made up with tarragon vinegar. The French make about twenty-four other different — flavoured mustards by mixing up the ground seed with different vinegars, but this is that mostly used; they are dark coloured, as being made from the powder of the whole seed, but in other respects far superior to the mustard made with the mixed powders sold for flour of mustard in England, in which a bright yellow colour is required. . : ELEcTARIEs, . 431 - Solid essence of sprats, Extract of sprats. Essence of sprats 71b., wheat flour, well dried, ® & to give the consistence of cream, adding a little common bole to colour it, then evaporate in a steam bath to the consistence of butter. _ . Bittern. Extract of cocculus Indicus, extract of quassia, Spanish liquorice, calcined sulphate of iron ; sold in large casks to brewers. Multum. Extract of gnaseia, and liquorice root; used by brewers in lieu of hops and malt. Bitter balls, for brewers. Puly. rad. gent. 8lb., extr. gent. 4ib., treacle q. s. to roll up in balls. Flash. Extract of capsicum with sugar, but sold as burnt sugar and isinglass; used to colour brandy and rum, and make them appear stronger. USED IN THE ARTS. Composition for encaustic inting. Gum Arabic 9 oz., water a pint ; psec add waitich in fine powder 14 0z., boil to a paste, | ae casei 10 oz., in small _— and ‘gpd hot,.add by degrees cold spring water 2 pints, then strain the composition, _ which will be like Sie, r . _ 2. Mix mastich 24 0z., with the gum water, leaving out the wax, and when sufficiently heated and mixed over the fire, add by de- grees cold water 24 oz,, and strain, , 3. Dissolve gum Arabic 2 oz., in water 24 oz., add 1b, of white . 5 > wax, boil over a slow fire, pour it into a cold vessel, beat it well together ; when thisis axl water than the others. | Used in painting, the colours being mixed with these com- _ positions as with oil, adding water, if necessary ; when the paintin 1s finished, melt some white wax, and with a hard brush varni _ the painting, and when cold rub it to make it entirely smooth. Blaching - Rape oil 3 02., oil of yitriol 3 oz., mix; the _ next day add treacle, ivory black, of each 3lb., stone blue 6 oz., _ vinegar q. s. to form a thick paste’: this will fill 1 doz. tin boxes. _—2. Rape oil 3 oz., treacle, brown sugar ana 9 oz.; mix, add “ivory black 3lb., flour paste 2Ib. ; when the paste is quite smooth, ni to the consistence of honey, with vinegar q, s.: used for sing blacking for leather. Armenian cement. Soak isinglass in water until it is soft, then issolve it in rect. spirit. In 2 oz. of this dissolve gum galbanum gum ammoniac, of either gr. x, add 5 or 6 large tears of » Mastich reduced to a liquid state by rectified spirit. ‘The cement must be kept closely stopped, and when wanted for use melted with the colours, it will require more 432 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— by putting the bottle in some warm water: used to cement stones to watch cases, also broken glass and china; resists moisture very well. CATAPLASMS OR POULTICES. CaTarLasMA ALuMINIs. Alum 9j, cons. rosar. 3}ss, white of an egg ; in ophthalmia. Cat. CARBONIS LIGNI. Farine lini lb. ss, ligni carb. ppz. 31), aq. ferv. q. s.; in gangrene and fetid ulcers. Cart. cicutz. Cicute fol. m. ij, coque in aq. lb. j, adde farinee lini, vel avenz q. s.; in open cancer. Cat. pAuci. Rad. dauci lb. ss, coque in aque q. s. ut sit mollis ; in scorbutic ulcers, Car. piciTatis. Fol. digitalis sice. ij (or fol. dig. rec. 3iv), aquee lb. ij, coque ad dimidium; strain, and with the decoction and linseed meal make a poultice for irritable painful ulcers. Cat. EFFERVESCENS. Far. tritici lb. J» cerev. fermenti lb. ss; mix, expose to a gentle heat until it begins to ferment: in gan- grene. Cat. Govutarpi. Extract. Saturni 3jss, spir. vini rect. 51), aquee 3x1}, mice panis q. s.; in inflammations. : Cat. FARIN# LINI. Far. lini q. p. aque ferv. q. s.; smear the surface with oil before it is applied: to promote suppuration. Car. pants. Mice panis, far. lini ana p. 2eq., lactis ferventis q: 8.; for the same purpose. : Cat. rosx. Cons. rosar. 3 ij, alum 3ss to 3}; for weak eyes or chronic ophthalmia. | Cat. SALIS COMMUNIS. Pulv. lini, mice panis ana p. eq. aque sale communi saturate q. s.; in enlarged glands or wens. Cat. sALIS GLAUBERI. Sal. Glauberi 3 j, aq. ferv. q. s.; dissolve, add mice panis q. s.; in inflammation of the eyes. Cat. EmETIcuM. 'Tabaci fol. 3j, aq. q. s. to beat up into a poultice ; to be applied to the epigastric region. . FOR VETERINARY MEDICINE, CLEANSING PouLTICE. Black soap 1lb., honey 8 oz., burnt alum 4 oz., verdigrise powdered half an oz., wheat flour q. s. ; for the sore heels of horses, which are very foul. | DiscurieNntT poutticE. Root of briony 3 oz., boil in water till soft, add gum ammoniac 4 dr., dissolved in vinegar q. s., sal ammoniac 3 dr., camphire 2dr., dissolved in S. V. R. q. s.; for hardness of tendons: superior to blue ointment. | Pints. 433 Emouient pouttice. Linseed meal made into a poultice by pouring boiling water on it; when cold add a little lard or oil to prevent it from growing hard. —* Heatine routtice. Beat up 1 or 2 eggs with wheat flour _ to a proper consistence ; for sores. REPELLENT POULTICE. Vinegar, rape oil, of each p. xq., oatmeal q. s. to form a poultice; for fresh strains or bruises in horses. 2. The same, with a little alum dissolved in the vinegar, about loz. to the pint. REsOLVENT PouLticr. Vinegar, beer, of each p. seq., sal ammon. 2 oz., dissolve, and add oatmeal q. s.; to resolve coagulated blood in bruises. PILLS. These differ from the electaries as being solely designed for _ medicines, which are of a powerful nature, and whose doses must , : be determined with some accuracy. Although called pills, the _ greater number of them are kept in the shops in mass, and are _ only made into pills when wanted for use, or sale by retail. leas and the horse-balls, usually kept in the shops, are also included under this title, as they in fact differ only in magnitude. Pills are frequently ordered in old prescriptions to be gilt or sil- _ vered, which is easily done by placing them, as soon as made, at _ convenient distances upon a leaf of gold or silver, then cutting off _ the requisite portion, letting the pills and leaf fall into a very dry gallipot ; and after covering it with a slip of paper and the hand _ shaking the whole for a moment or two; the leaf will thus adhere _ to the pills, but this ornament retards their solution in the stomach. _—The size of pills varies in different countries: in England they _ are of the size of small peas, and about gr. v each; the Germans make them very small, ordering 30 or 40 in common for a dose, so that they are nicknamed mice-turds, which, in fact, their pills resemble; the French, on the other hand, make them so large that they resemble our boluses, _ Horse balls should not exceed the size of a pigeon’s egg; they ‘are often rolled in cylinders about one inch wide, and two inches a a half long ; they should be wrapped up in the thinnest paper t can be Devcunedl ; FOR MEDICAL USE. \. Anomatic Pitus, Pilule diambre sine odoratis, P. aromatica. Aloes Soc. 3 jss, gum guaiaci 3}, species aromat., bals. Peruv. ana 3ss: in small doses diaphoretic; in larger, purgative. Now FF 434 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— mostly kept in powder, by the name of pulv. aloes comp. and _pulv. aloes cum guaiaco. Pin. cocci® MtinorEs, P. ex colocynthide cum aloe. Al. soc., scammon. ana 3 ij, pulp. colocynth. 3}, ol. caryoph. arom. 3 ij. 2. Aloes, pulp. colocynth., pulv. jalapii, ana llb., ol. caryoph. 2 02.5 Syr. spin. cervi q. s. 8. Scammon. Alep., jalapii, ana 1lb., pulp. colocynth., aloes Soc. ana 8 oz., kali vitriolati 2 0z., ol. caryoph. 2nd. 1 oz., syr. spin. cervi 2lb. 12 oz. : cathartic, gr. v—x, or more. Pin. ALoES CoM coLocynTHIDE. Aloes Soc., scammon. ana 3 viij, colocynth. 3iiij, ol. caryoph. arom., sulph. potassae cum sulphure, ana 3 j. PIL. COLOCYNTHIDIS ComPpostt&. Pulp. colocynth. 3ss, aloes hepat., scammon. ana 3j, sapo. Cast. 3ij, ol. caryoph 3). AoE Pitts, Family pills, Antibilious pills, Aloe rosata. Aloes. Socotr. 4 oz., succ. rosar. Damasc. |b. j ; evaporate to a proper con- sistence. : Pil. ex aloe. Aloes Socotr. 3 j, extr. gentian. 38s, syr. ZZ. q. $s. . Pil. aloes composite. Instead of the syr. zz. of the last, use ol. carui min. xl, and syr. simp. Pil. aloes cum zingibere. Aloes hep. 3}, rad. zingib. 3), sapo. — alb. 38s, ol. menth. pip. 3ss. Pil. aloetice. Al. Socotr., sapon. ‘alb. ana p- 2q., syr. simp. q. s.; cathartic, gr. v to xv. Cotoeuintipa pitis, Pil. e duobus. Pulp. colocynth., scam-— monii, ana 3}, ol. caryophill. arom. 3ss, syr. de spin. cerv. q. s. Pil. ex colocynthide simpliciores. 'The same, with a double pro- portion of oil of cloves. . FemMae Pitts, Pil. ephractice. Pil. aromat. 3iij, rhabarb., | extr. gentian., sal Martis, ana 3j, sal absinth. 3ss, syr. rosar. solut. q- S» . Pit. BENEDICT. Aloes Soc. 6 oz., galbani, asszefoetide, myrrh. ana 1 oz. 3iv, macis, croci, ana 3vj, sal Martis 9 oz., fol, senne 3 oz., ol. succin. rect. 1 oz. Emmenagogue, gr. v. to xv. Ferip Pitts, Pil. fetide, Pil. gummose Pil. e gummi. Gal- bani, myrrh, opeponacis, sagapeni, ana 3}, asseefcetidee 38s, syr. croci q. s. Pil. galbani composite. Omit the opoponax, and put in an d extra 38s of myrrh and sagapenum. 2. Galbani, myrrhz, sagapeni, ana 12 oz., be got 8 OZ, gum. foetide 6 oz., syr. croci Ilb. 8 oz. ; antispasmodic, gr. x-—3s8, bis terve die, in hysterics and nervous complaints. ‘ Pitts AND Pitt Massss. 435 _ Pim. ARGENTI NiTRaTIS. (Paris H.) Nitrate of silver gr. iij, gummous extract of opium 3ss ; musk 9}, camphor gij, for 48 . pills: two or three pills a day. , Pit. Batsamic®. (Copland.) Balsam. Peruvian. 3jss, myrrhe Bij, assefoetid., Galban., ana 9j, pulv. capsici annul gr. xvj, esi uste q.s. Divide in pilulas xxxvj. 2 vel 3 bis terve fi the. Diseases of debility, leucorrheea, hysteria, &c. Pit. DE BructnE. Brucine gr. x, cons. rosar. 38s; fiant pil. xxiv, silver them. _ Pix. DE strycHNrINE. Strychnine gr. ij, cons. rose canin. 58s ; fiant pil. xxiv, silver them. PIL. DE VERATRINE. Veratrine gr. ss, gum. Arab. or syr. gum. Arab. q. s.; ut fiant pil. vj: dose pil. j to iij, in a day. PIL. DE DEUTOIODURE DE MERCURE. Deutoiodure de mer- _ cure gr. j, extr. junip. gr. x, glycyrrh. rad. trite, q. s.; ut fiant _ pil. viij ; dose pil. ij to iv morning and evening. | PIL. DE PROTOIODURE DEMERCURE. Protoiodure of meteury gr. j, extr. junip. gr. X, glycyrrh. rad. trite, q.s.: ut fiant pil. viij : at ij to iv morning and evening. . _ Pi. Avec oxtpE D’or. Oxid. auri per potassum gr. v; extr. rt. mezerei 3 ij; fiant pil. lx. _ 2, Muriat. trip. auri gr. j; extr. cort. mezerei 5ij; fiant pil. 1x. n scrofula pil. j to-viij in a day. | _ Piv. asseretipz composite. Assefcetide ; galbani, myrrh, a 3), ol. succini rect. 5j, syr. simp. q. s. | _ Pm. atozrs er asszretips. Aloes Socotr., assefcetide, ‘sapon. alb. ana p. #q., mucilag. gum. Arab. q. s.. _ Gamsoce ritis, Pil. de gutta gamandra. Resine jalap., cammonil, gutt. ., calomel. ana 3ss, gum. ammon. 3jiij (dis- solved in suce. irid. nostr.), tartar. vitriol. 3ij, mastich. 3], croci pj, ol. terebinth. gtt. xl, syr. spine cervine q. s. Pr. caMBoGie Composit. -Gutt. gamb., aloes Socotr., comp. uly. cinnam., ana 3j, sapon. cast. 3ij; dose gr. x to xx. Pit. HyDRAGOGx. ‘Gum. ammon. 3ij, aloes Socotr., G. G. G. ma 5ij, elaterii contriti 58s, tinct. gentiane q. s. to form pills of - ij each: violently cathartic ; used in dropsy. | Ruvsans rirws, Pil. derhabarbaro. Rhabarb. 3), resin. jalap., . vitriol. ana 3ijss, ol. dist. nuc. mosch. 3ss, extr. gentian. - q- & 2. Rhabarb. 3), aloes Socotr. 3vj, myrrh 3ss, ol. menth. pip. r. cort. aurant. q. 8. ; stomachic, laxative, 9j, bis in die. ~ Rorvs’s ritis, Common pills, Pil. Rufi, P. L. before 1745, FF2 436 | XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— Pil. communes. Aloes Socotr. 3ij, myrrh 3), croci 3ss, syr. de absinthio q. s. 4 P Pil. Rufi., P. L. 1745. Pilule ex aloe cum myrrha. Aloes Socotr.’31j, myrrh., croci 3}, syr. croci q. s. Pil. aloes cum myrrha. The same, but with simple syrup. 2. Aloes Ib., myrrhe 8 oz., croci in foeno 2 oz., syr. croci 1b. _ 8 OZ. 3. Aloes llb., myrrh. 6 0z., croci, pulv. curcume veri, ana 3 07., syr. croci q. s.; stomachic, purgative, gr. x—9)j. Pil. aloes et myrrhe, P.E. Aloes hepat. 3j, myrrh. 3ss, croci 31j, ol. carui 3ss, syr. simp. q. s. Pil. aloes et myrrhea, P. D. Aloes Soe. 3iiij, myrrh. 3ij, croci 3 J, syr. simp. q. s. Ruoivs’s Pitts, Pil. Rudii. Pulp. colocynth. 3vj, ras. agarici, rad. helleb, nigri, rad. turpethi, ana 3ss, cinnam., macis, caryoph. arom. ana jij, S. V. R.3x; digest four days, strain with strong pressure, add scammonii 3ss, aloes Soctr. 3] ; distil off the spirit till the remainder is left of the consistence of honey, and reduce this to a mass by farther evaporation. Cathartic, gr. v—xxx, ter die, till it operates : the original formula, esteemed one of the most certain purges known, and used when evacuation was difficult to be procured, but yet absolutely necessary. Exrractum catHarticum. Pulp. colocynth. 3vj, cardam. | min. 3ss, proof spirit lb.; digest, express, and dissolve in the tinc- ture aloes Socotr. Zjss, scammon. ¢ss, draw off the spirit, and reduce the remainder to a proper consistence. Extr. coLocynruipts composttum. P. L. before 1809. Pulp. colocynth. 3vj, proof spirit lb.j; digest, press out the tincture, — add aloes Socotr. 3jss, scammon. 3ss, distil off the spirit, adding — towards the end cardam. min. 3}. Extr. coloc. comp. P. L. 1809. Pulp. colocynth. zvj, water Ib. ij ; digest, strain, add aloes Socotr. 3jss, scammon. 3ss, sapon. duri 31ij, evaporate, adding as before, cardam. min. 3). Extr. col. comp. P. L. 1815. As the last, omitting the soap. _ Extr. col. comp. P. L. 1824. As the formula in 1809, using proof spirit Ib. j instead of the water. Extr. col. comp. P.D. As the London 1809, using only Ib. j of water, and adding the soap, reduced to a jelly by water, along with the cardamoms towards the end. 2. Colocynth. 15 0z., aloes Soc. 3lb., gum. scam. 10 oz., sem. coriand. 2 oz., dr. 4, proof spirit 2 gall. 3. Pulv. coloc. lb. jss, card. min. 4 0z., scamm., aloes hepat. ana 6 oz. Pints AND Pitt Masses. . 437 _ Srorax pitts, Pil. estyrace, P. L. before 1745. Styr. calam., lida , myrrhe, succ. glycyrrh., opii, ana 3ss, croci 3 j, syr. papav. q ® .€ P.L. since 1745. Styr. calam. colati 3ij, croci jj, opi atx ap d rs, e styrace, P. D. Styr. purif, 311], opii pur. moll., croci, ana 3); M. Anodyne, gr. iij—x ; used in the coughs of aged persons as a “hight pi ae NIGHT PILLS, Anodyne pills, Nepenthes opiatum, P. L. 1688. Extr. opii (made first wit bere te distilled vinegar, and then with proof spirit) zj, extr. croci (made with proof. spirit) 3jss, castor, 3}, tinct. spec. diambre sine odor. (made of spec. 3iv in S. V. R. q. s.) ol. nuc. mosch. gtt. x ; evaporate to a mass for ~ Lavpanvm, P.L. 1720. The same, omitting the extraction of the opium with distilled vinegar. Pu. SAPON ACES. Opii colati (moistened with wine) 3ss, sapon. alb. ziv, ess. limon. 3 j. + Pix. ex opio, Pil. opii. Opii purif. duri 3ij, extr. glycyrrh. 33. Pim. saronis cum opio, Pil. sapon. composite. Opii sicc. puly. 38s, sapon. alb. ij; twice the strength of the pil. saponacere of the older pharmacopeeiz. Pir. opiate, Pil. Thebaice. Opii 3j, extr. glycyrrh. 3viij, poston with proof spirit, add pip. Jamaica 3 j. All these are anodyne, narcotic, gr. v—xx ; but the very dif- } ferent strength of the several formule must be considered : dissolve quicker in the stomach than storax pills, and better adapted for _ occasional exhibition : the omission of the extraction of the opium . with vinegar, renders their action not so mild as the ical ee _ East Inpra piris, Tanjore pills. Arsen. alb. 3j, pip. nigri ee ; mix: used in confirmed lues, as a preventive of canine mad- ness, and in elephantiasis. - Mencurrat pitt, The blue pill, Pil. mercuriales. Hydrar. 3V, mcg argent. 3ij; grind together, add extr. cathart. 1ij9, arb. 3, j. _ Pit. ex uyprancyro. Hydrarg, pur., extr. glycyrrh. ana ‘Sj, rad. glycyrrh. 3). _ Pir. nyprarcyri, P.L. and D. Hydrarg. pur. 3ij, conserv. fosar. 3iij, rad. glycyrrh. 3}. 438 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— 2. Hydrarg. 12 02z., tereb. comm. q. s.,rhabarb. 2 oz. 3ij, pulp. colocynth. 4 oz. Deobstruent, alterative, gr. v—xx, bis terve die, in syphilis, and most little known complaints. Pil. hydrargyri, P. E. Wydrarg. pur., conserv. rosar. ana 5], amyli 3ij, mucil. gum. Arab. q. s.. and make the whole into 480 pills. , BELLOSTE’s PILLS. Hydrarg. 1lb., sacch. 4 oz., scammon. rad. jalap. ana 11b., vini alb. q. s.: some use cream of tartar instead of sugar. CaLoMEL PILLs, Plummer’s pills, The red pill, Pil. hydrargyrt submuriatis, P, L. 1809. Calomel, sulph. antim. precip. ana 3j, gum. guaiaci 3ij, bals. Copaibee q. s. | Pil. hydrar. subm. P. L. 1815. As the former, substituting mucil. gum. Arab. for balsam Copaibee. - Pil hydrar. subm. composite. Calom., antim. sulph. preec. ana 3), gum. guaiaci 3ss, S. V. R. 4ss. JAMES’S ANALEPTIC PILLs. Pil. Rufi 1lb., calc. antimonii lotee 8 oz., gum. guaiaci 8 oz.; M. and make 32 pills from each drachm. | 2. Pil. Rufi, pulv. antimonialis, gum. guaiaci, ana 9); make into 20 pills with tincture of castor. AnpErson’s Scots pitts. Aloes Bbds. 1lb., rad. helleb. nigr., rad. jalapii, kali ppi. ana 1 0z., ol. anisi Ziv, syr. simp. q. s. 2. Aloes B. B. 2b. 8 0z., water 8 oz. ; soften, add jalap., sem. anisi pulv., ebor. usti, ana 8 oz., ol. anisi 1 oz. 3. Aloes (Bermudas) 1lb., rad. jalap., flor. sulph., ebor. usti, | rad, glycyrrh. ana 2 oz., ol. anisi 3), G. G. G. 3ij, sap. Castil. 4 0z., Syl. Sp. Cervin. q. s. Hoorer’s piuus. Vitriol. virid., aque, ana 8 oz.: dissolve, add — aloes Barb. 2lb. 8 0z., canelle albz 6 0z., gum. myrrh. 2 02z., opoponacis SJiv. 2. Sal. Martis 2 0z., pulv. aloes c. canella 11b., mucilag. gum. — tragacanthee, tinct. aloes, ana q. s. ; cut each drachm into 18 pills, put 40 in a box. Scort’s p1tts. Aloes B. 9 lb., pulv. jalap. 3lb., pulv. zingib. 8 oz., ol. anisi 5j, treacle 21 oz. 2. Aloes 1lb., colocynth. 4 oz., scamm. half an oz., helleb. nigr. — half an oz., G. G. G. half an oz., syr. q. s. | 3. Res. jalap. 38s, scamm. 3ij, aloes Ziv, ol. anisi gtt. xxx, pills 5 gr. each. - Marraew’s vitts, Pil. Matthei. Extr. opii, - rad. helleb. nigri. - rad. glycyrrh, - sapon. tartari, ava Ziv, croci Anglici 3vi¥j : Pritts AnD Pitt Masses. ; 439 beat it up often, and if it becomes dry moisten it with ol. tereb. rect. Anodyne, gr. iij to gr. x. Srarkey’s pitts, Pil. Starkei. Extr. opii 3iv, nuc. mosch, - bezoard. mineral, ana ij, croci, - rad. serpent. Virgin. ana 3}, sapon. tartari lb. ss, ol. sassfr. ss, tinct. antimonii 3ij.. Anodyne, superior to Matthew’s pills, but not so much in use. LockyErR’s Pitts. Panacea antimonii gr. x, sacchar. cand. alb. $j, fiant pil. 100; one, two, or three taken at a time will work gently by vomit and stool. The formula for panacea antimonii -is omitted in its place, and will be found in the corrections and additions. Wakp’s ANTIMONIAL PILL. Glass of antimony, finely levi- gated, 4 oz., dragon’s blood 1 0z., mountain wine q. s. make into pills of gr. jss each. Dinner ritts. Lady Crespigny’s pills, Lady Webster's pills, Pil. stomachice Mesues, P. L. 1635, P. tiaibe cibum. Aloes 5yvj, mastiches, rosee rubree, ana 3)j, syr. absinth. q. s. ; produce a bulky and copious evacuation. | | Dixon’s antipitious Pitts. Aloes, scammony, rhubarb, and Foruerciiy’s ritis. Aloes, scammony, coloquintida, and i ic antimony. Perer’s Pitts. Aloes, jalap, scammony, gamboge, ana 3ij. 2. Pulv. jalapii, aloes Barb., cambogiz, scamm. ana 3ij, calomel ppti. 3j, S. V. R. q.s. to form a pill mass. Sprepiman’s pitts. Aloes, myrrh, rhubarb, extr. chamem., ol. chameem. _ Barctay’s antirtious pris. Extr. coloc. 3ij, resin. jalape . 3 sap. amygd. > jss, guaiaci 3iij, tart. emet. gr. viij, ol. junip., $ gia ol, ror. marine, ana gtt. iv, syr. rhamni q. s. to form 64 pills. _ Banctay’s antizitovs mass. Extr. guaiaci Sexy, sap. -amygd. 3xvilj, res. jalapii, scamm. Alepp., pulp. colocynth, ana _ 3xij, tart. emet. 3), 4vj, gr. viij, ol: caryoph. 3} Sti), ol, junip., ol, carui, ol. rorismar. ana 3vj, 9j, gr. iiij, syr. e spin. cerv. q. 8. to _ make a mass. _ Pu. arsenicr. Arsen. alb. gr. j, sacch. albi gr. x, mice panis q-8., fiant pil. x ; tonic in pa headachs, agues. : | Pil. arsenici, P.U.S. Acid, arsenicosi gr. ij, opii gr. viij, saponis gr. Xxij. _ Pi. catometanos. Calomel. gr. iij, jalapax gr. ix, muc. gum Arab. q. s., fiant pil. iij: to be taken at night. 440 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— 2. Mere. corros. subl. 5j, hydrarg. 3), gum. tragac. gr. xij, scammonil, jalape, ana 3v, syr. simpl. q..s.; make into pills of gr. iv each: usually employed in syphilis, two or four pills every night. The nabignnte is changed to calomel. Pix. contr. Calomel. gr. ix, extr. conii 5 j, camphor 388, spir. rect. gtt. v, fiant pil. xxiv: two to be taken every three or four hours ; in spasmodic difficulty of urine. PiL. FERRI cum Myrrua, Pil. ferri composite. Myrrhe 3 ij, natri ppi., sal. Martis, sacch. albi, ana 3}; tonic, emmenagogue, » two or four thrice a day. Pit. £ scitLa, Pil. scille composite. Scille rec. 3}, zingib.,. sapon. duri, ana 5iij, gum. ammon. 3ij, syr. simp. q. s. Pix, scILLiticz. Scillee sice. 9}, gum. ammon., sem. cardam., — extr. glycyrrh, ana 3 j, syr. simp. q. s. Pil. scille cum zingibere. Scillee puly. 3 J, zingib. 3ij, ol. anisi gtt. x, saponis in gelatinam reducti q.s.; expectorant, two or four thrice a day. PIL. TEREBINTHINE. ‘Tereb. Chie 31), 9j, rbarb. 3), bals. Copaibee q. s. 2. Tereb. Chie, olibani, ana 3), sal. Martis j, bals. Copaibe q: 8-3 tonic, astringent, three or six, bis terve in_1e, in gonorrhea. Botus atuminis. Alum. gr. xv, cons. rosar. 9j, syr. cort. aurant. q. s., in fluxes. 7 Bou. moscui. Moschi gr. xv, camph. gr. v, syr. q.s. 3 in convulsive affections and in typhoid fevers. 2. Moschi, ammoniz carb. ana §ss, cons. rosar. q. s.; every three hours in mortifications accompanied with spasms. Bou. virRioi! ALsi. Vitr. albi pur. gr. xxv, cons. rosar. q. s. ; in camomile or green tea, when poison has been swallowed. PILULZ ANTHELMINTICZ. G.G.G. gr. viij, calomel, gr. v, muc. gum. Arab. q. s. for one morning dose. 4 ' Piv. astRincentes. Sacch. Saturnii gr. iij, opii gr. j, f. pil. iij ; one to be taken twice a day; drinking draughts acidulated with vinegar after it. Pit. catuarticz. Extr. coloc. c. 3}, opii gr. iij, ol. nue. mosch. gtt. iv., f. pil. xij ; dose ij every hour until two stools have been obtained. 2. Aloes Soc. 9}, scammonii gr. xij, extr. rhabarb. 3)j, capsici gr. vj, ol. caryoph. gtt.v; f. pil. xvj: dose 2 at bed time, occa- — sionally. 7 sat 3. Pulv. al. c. 3j, pulv. antim. gr..v., sapon. duri gr. x, decoct. ale. omp. q. s. ut f. pil. xx: dose 2,when costive. | PILts. 2 441 4. Pauly. al. c. myrrh. 3), extr. coloc. c. gr. xxiv, calomel. gr. xv ; f. pil. xx ; dose 1 or 2 occasionally. 5. Calomel. gr. x, pil. cambog. c., extr. colocynth. c. ana gr. XV, Syr. ZZ. q. s. ut f. pil. xij ; dose 2 at night or morning when costive. A 6. Rad. jalap. gr. xv, calomel. gr. v, cons. cynosb. q. s. for one ose. Pit. prarHoretic&. Potasse sulphureti gr. xv, sapon. duri 3J,_bals. Peru. q. s. ut f. pil. xxx; dose iij, every four hours, in juniper-berry tea: useful in eruptions. 2. Pulv. antimonialis 3ss, opii 3jss, calomel. gr. v, confect. opii q. s. ut f. pil. x; dose j, at bed-time. 3. Guaiaci gr. x, pulv. ipecac. comp. gr. v, conf. rose q. s. for a dose. _ 4. Guaiaci gr. x, tart. emet., opii, ana gr. j, syr. simpl. q. s. ut f. bolus. 5. Camphore, pulv. antim. ana gr. iij, opii gr. j, conf. aromat. q- s. ut f. bolus. Pit. pruxeticz. Rad. scille sicc. gr. iv, fol. digital. gr. x., calomel. gr. vj, myrrhe 9j, assefcet. 358, extr. gent.q. s. ut f. pil. xv ; dose j, night and morning. 2. Pil. scille 3}, calomel. gr. v, f. pil. xv ; dose ij, every night. 3. Sode carbon. sicc. 3}, sapon. duri Qiv, ol. juniperi_gtt. xv, syr. zz. q. s. ut f. pil. xxx ; dose iij, every day, 1n calculi in the kidneys. 7 4, Scille sice. gr. ij, pil. hydrarg. gr. v, opii gr. ss, ut f. pil. j for a night pill, to be taken three or four nights successively. Pit. emeticz. Vitriol. albi 9j, cons. ros. canine q. s. ut fiat bolus ; for one dose, to be taken with camomile tea. Pit. EMMENAGOG#. Pil. aloes c. myrrha, pil. galbani c. ana 3,j, f. pil. xxiv ; dose ij twice a day. 2. Pil. aloes c. myrr., pil. ferri c. ana.3j, sodz subcarb. 9j, f. pil. xxx, dose ij, twice a day. Pit. ExrPEcTORANTES. Myrrhe 3 jss, scille sic, 38s, extr, hyoseyami 9ij, aq. q. s. ut f. pil. xxx ; to 2, night and morning. Pit. narcoticz. Extr. hyoscyami gr. xviij, camph. gr. xij, f, pil. xij ; dose iij, every night. 2. Extr. conii 4ss, fol. conii q. s. ut f. pil., each weighing gr. ij, to begin with pill j, night and morning, then ij, iij, and as far as “a patient can bear: in cancer, scrofula, and other obstinate iseases. 442 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— 3. Opii gr. iv, extr. hyos., extr. conii, ana gr. xv, f. pil. vj; dose j every night. in PIL. sTIMULANTES. Canthar. gr. j, ammon. subcarb., conf. aromat. ana gr. v, syr. simpl. q. s.; for a dose every four or six hours, in horse-radish tea. ; 2. Myrrhe 3 jss, vitrioli albi gr. x, conf. rose q. s. ut f. pil. xx ; dose ij, twice a day. Pit. tonics. Ferri ammon. 3}, extr. gent., aloes Soc. ana 338, f. pil. xxx ; dose ij, thrice a day. 2. Ferri carbon. gr. v, rad. valerianz 4ss, syr. zz. q. s. ut f. bolus. Worm pitts. Calomel 1 0z., sugar 2 oz., starch 1 0z., mucil. gum. tragac. q. s.to make 248 pills; dose no. 1, night and morn- ing, for children. KeryseEr’s pitts. Hydrarg. acetat. 4 oz. manne 30 oz., starch 2 oz., mucil. gum. tragac, q. s., make into pills of gr. yj each ; dose no. 2, nocte maneque, increasing the dose to no. 25 or more ; a box of 1000 or 1200 pills is usually sufficient for the cure of a common case of syphilis. FOR VETERINARY MEDICINE. ALTERATIVE BALLS. Emetic tartar 5 oz., powd. ginger 3 0z., opium 1 0z., syrop q. s. to make 16 balls. ALT. LAXATIVE BALL. Barbad. aloes 1 oz., Castille soap 15 0z., powdered ginger half an oz., syrop q. s. to make six balls; for grease. ALT. BALL FOR STRANGLES. Barbad. aloes 1} dr., emetic tartar and Castille soap of each 2 drachms; make a ball. ALT. BALL FOR WEAK HoRsEs. Calomel 1 scr., aloes 1 dr., cascarilla and rhubarb of each in powder 2 dr., Castille soap 3 dr., syrop q. s. to make a ball.—Alterative powders may be made into balls with flower and treacle. ANoDYNE BALL. Opium half a drachm to 1 dr., Castille soap 2 to 4 dr., ginger powder 1 to 2 dr., anise seed powd. half an oz. to 1 oz., oil of caraway-seeds half a dr., syrup q. s. to form a ball. ASYRINGENT BALL. Powdered opium half a drachm, natron ppm. 1 dr., powd. cassia or ginger 1} dr.; wheat flour and syrup to form a ball. ASTRINGENT BALLS FOR LOOSENEss. Opium half a drachm to 1 dr., ginger powd. 1 dr. and a half, ppd. chalk 3 dr., flour 2 dr. ; wake into a ball with treacle, syrup, or honey. : Prius anp Batts. 443 2. Gum kino 2 dr., aromatic powder 1} dr., Castille soap and flour of each 2 dr., honey q. s. to make a ball. Batt FOR BLOODY URINE. Powdered catechu half an oz., alum half an oz. to 1 oz., cascarilla bark 1 to 2 dr., liquorice pow- der and treacle q. s. to make a ball. CAMPHIRE BALLs. Camph. 2 dr., liquorice powder and syrup q- s. to make a ball. : 2. Camph. 2 dr., nitre 1 oz., liquorice powder and syrup q. s. to make a ar Coxick BALL. Powd. opium half a dr., Castille soap and camphire of each 2 dr., ginger 1} dr.; make into a ball with liquorice powder and treacle: to be kept in a bladder for use on a journey. CorpiaL Batt. Caraway seeds fresh powdered 3 dr., Win- ter’s bark and ppd. chalk of each 2 dr., opium half a dr., oil of aniseseed 20 drops, syrup q. s. to form a ball. 2. Ginger 2 dr., liquorice root powd. half an oz., oil of caraway and of anise seeds of each 12 drops, treacle q. s. to make a ball. CorDIAL DIURETIC BALLS. Strained turpentine 8 oz., yellow rosin 4 oz., soap 6 oz., sweet oil 2 oz.; melt together, and add oil of anise seed 2 0z., oil of caraway half an oz., previously rubbed with ginger 4 oz.: make into 16 balls with linseed powder. CorpiaL pturetic Batt. Hard soap and common turpen- tine of each 4 dr., ginger powder 1 dr., opium powder half a dr., caraway seed powder q. s. to make a ball. | CorRDIAL BALLS For JouRNEYS, Globuli cardiaci. Cumin _ seed, anise seed, caraway seeds, all powdered, of each 4 0z., gin- ger 20z2., treacle q. s. to make into balls: dose 2 oz. _ 2, Anise seed, caraway seed, sweet fennel seed, stick liquorice, all powdered; of each 4 0z., ginger and cassia of each 1} 0z., honey q.s. to make into balls: dose 2 oz. _ 8. Cumin seed, coriander seed, caraway seed, all powdered, of _ each 4 oz., grains of Paradise 1 oz., cassia half an oz., cardamom _ seeds and saffron of each 2 dr., syrop q. s. to form into balls: _ dose 2 oz. 4, Powd. ginger 4 02., powd. caraway seed 8 oz., oil of carawa and oil of sles seed of mh 2 dr., reas se powder 8 0z., taaedla q- 8. to form into balls: dose 2 oz. Coven Batt. Gum ammon. 3 to 4 dr., soap 2 dr., pinger anise seeds 20 drops, syrup q. s. to make a ball. 2. Gum ammoniac 3 dr., powdered squills 1 dr., opium half a _dr., syrup q. s. to make a ball. js dr., powder squills and camphire of each 1 dr., oil o 3 444 XI CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS. DIAPHORETIC ALTERATIVE BALLS. Antimonial powder 2 dr., camphire 1; dr., flour 3 dr., syrup q. s. to make a ball. 2. Emetic tartar, camphire, of each 1 to 2 dr., liquorice powd. 3 dr., syrup q. s. to make a ball. Diuretic BALLS, Globuli diuretici. Castille soap 4 0z., nitre and rosin of each 2 oz., oil of juniper half an oz., linseed meal and syrup of each q. s. to make 6 balls for strong horses, or 8 for delicate. 2. Castille soap 4 0z., Venice turp. 2 02., powd. anise seed q. s. to make 6 balls, 3. Castille soap, strained turpentine, of each 3 dr., liquorice powder q. s. to make a ball. 4, Hard soap and common turpentine, of each half an oz., caraway seed powder q. s. to make a ball. | DIvRETIC ALTERATIVE BALLS. Yellow rosin 4 oz., Castille soap 3 0z., Venice turp. 2 02., caraway seed powd. q. s. to form into balls. 2. Saltpetre 4 oz., rosin and flour of each 2 oz., oil of juniper half an oz., treacle q. s. to make into balls. Farcy Batis. Corrosive subl. 10 to 20 grains, powd. anise seeds half an oz., syrup q. s. to make a ball; if sickness, much purging or staling is produced, diminish the dose of sublimate.— 2. The same, wit half a drachm or a drachm of opium.—3. Blue vitriol 1 dr., 9 at powder 3 dr., syrup q. s. to form a ball, to be given twice a day.—4. Blue vitriol 1 dr., corrosive sublimate 10 grains, liquorice powder 3 dr., syrup q. s. to form a ball.—5. Blue vitriol. 1 dr., white arsenic and corrosive sublimate, of each 10 grains, liquorice powder 3 dr., syrup q. s. to form a ball. If any of these produce a purging, they must be discontinued imme- diately. _ Fever BALLS. Emetictartar 2 dr., nitre 1 0z., liquorice powd. 3 dr., syrup q. s. to make a ball. BaLLs FOR EPIDEMIC FEVER. Powders for epidemic fever, made up into balls with flour and syrup, or treacle. | GaARLIcK BALLS. Garlick 1 to 2 oz., pound into a te, ~ liquorice powder q. s. to make into a ball; used in chronic coughs. | Gripk BALL. Cayenne pepper half a dr., made up into a ball with powd. anise seed, liquorice powder, and syrup. LaxaTIVE BALL. Barbad. aloes and hard soap of each 3 dr., syrup q. s. to make a ball. LAXATIVE ALTERATIVE BALLS. Barb. aloes 10 to 12 dr., Pitts anv BALLs. 445 Castille soap 21 dr., anise seed powd. 12 to 16 dr., ginger 4 dr., syrup or treacle q. s. to form 4 balls.—2. Barb. aloes 10 to 12 dr., calomel 2 to 4 dr., caraway seed powd. 12 dr., ginger 4 dr., oil of cloves 40 drops, syrup q. s. to make 4 balls.—3. Flowers of sulphur 6 oz., emetic tartar 6 or 8 dr., corrosive sublimate 10 gr., syrup q.s. to form 6 balls. Mance Batts. Corrosive sublimate half an 0z., emetic tartar 3 o0z., anise seeds powdered 6 oz., ginger 2 0z., syrup q. s. to make 16 balls; one to be given every morning, unless they purge. Mercortat Batt. Calomel half a dr., Barbadoes aloes 2 dr., rhubarb, Castille soap, of each 3 dr., syrup q. s. to make a ball ; __used in inflammation of the liver. Puysic Batt. Barbad. aloes 5 to 8 dr. hard soap 4 dr., ginger 1 dr.; melt together in a slight heat: if made for keeping add a little sweet oil. ‘The best ball that can be made.—2. Barb. aloes 5 dr., natron ppd. 2 dr., aromatic powd. 1 dr., oil of caraway 10 drops, syrup q. s. to make a ball.— 4. Barbad. aloes 7 dr. to 1 02., natron ppd. 2 dr., aromatic powder 1 dr., oil of anise seeds 10 drops, syrup q.s. to make a ball. Svromacuic Batts. Gentian powd. 4 dr., ginger powd. 1 dr., ppd. natron 1 dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball.—2. Cascarilla powder 2 dr., myrrh powd. 14 dr., Castille soap 1 dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball.—3. Quassia powd. 2 dr., aromatic powder 1} dr., . natron 1 dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball.—4. Columbo powd. alf an oz., cassia powd. 1 dr., rhubarb powd. 2 dr. to 4 dr., syrup q. 8. to form a ball. STOMACH LAXATIVE BALL. Barbad., aloes 3 to 5 dr., white soap 3 dr., ginger powdered 2 dr., oil of caraway 20 drops, syrup q. 8. to make a ball. STOMACHIC PURGATIVE BALL, for washey horses. Barbad. aloes 3 dr., rhubarb 2 dr., ginger and cascarilla of each 1 dr., oil _ of camomile 20 drops, carbonate of soda 2 dr., syrup q. s. to make a STOMACHIC PURGATIVE BALL for thin ill-conditioned horses. Barbadoes aloes half an oz., rhubarb 2 dr., calomel 1 dr., ginger _ 1 dr., oil of caraway 10 drops, Castille soap 2 dr., syrop q. s. to make a ball. STRENGTHENING BALL. Columbo root powd. 2 dr., casca- rilla powd. 1 dr., natron ppm. 2 dr., syrup q. s. to make a ball. The horse to have gruel made of wheat flour or arrow-root: some- times half a drachm of opium may be added, which will generally _ stop the looseness for some time. Sutrnuur Batt. Flower of sulphur 1 to 2 0z., emetic tartar 446 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— 1 to 2 dr., calomel 1 to 2 scruples; mix, for a dose to be given daily in mange and skin diseases. Tonic BALLS. White arsenic 5 to 10 gr., anise seed powd. half an oz., opium half a dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball.—2. White arsenic 5 to 10 gr., opium half a dr., white vitriol, or blue, or green, 2 dr., caraway seeds powd. | oz., treacle q. s. to form a ball.— 3. Peruv. bark powd. 1 oz., opium half a dr., ginger 17 dr., oil of caraway 20 drops, treacle q. s. to form a ball.—4. Cascarilla and gentian root powd. each 2 dr., opium half a dr., oil of caraway 20 drops, treacle q. s. to form a ball.—5. Quassia and canella alba of each 2? dr., opium half a dr., ginger 1 dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball.—6. Gentian root powd. 3. dr., opium half a cascarilla, myrrh, and ppd. natron, of each 1 dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball. —7. Colombo powd. 3 to 4 dr., opium 1 dr., cassia 1 dr., all- spice powd. 2 dr., treacle q. s. to form a ball.—8. Yellow bark 6 dr., cascarilla 1 dr., powd. opium half a dr., salt of tartar 1 scrup., syrup q. s. tomake a ball; if the horse is costive, the opium must be omitted. Tonic ball, for washey horses. Salt of steel 2 to 4 dr., Columbo root 3 dr., cascarilla bark 2 dr., opium 1 scrup., syrop q. s. to make a ball.—2. Blue vitriol 1 dr., hquorice powder 3 dr., treacle q. s. to make a ball.—3. Salt of steel 2 to 4 dr., powdered myrrh 2 dr., ginger 1 dr., syrop or treacle q. s. to make a ball. Tonic ball, {" excessive staling in horses. Gentian root half an oz., ginger 2 dr., opium half a dr. to 1 dr., oil of caraway 20 to 30 drops, syrop q. s. to make a ball. Tonic ball, for incontinence of urine in horses. Blue vitriol 1 dr., Venice turp. 3 to 4 dr., ginger 2 dr., liquorice powder q. s. to make a ball. | Worm satis. Aloes 4 to 6 dr., Castile soap 3 dr., calomel, ginger powd., of each 1 to 2 dr., oil of cloves 10 drops, syrop q. s. to form a ball.—2. Aloes 4 to 6 dr.; powdered tin 3 to 4 dr., Castille soap 3 dr., ginger powd. 1 to 2 dr., oil of cloves 10 to 20 drops, syrop q. s. to form a ball. PurGINeG BoLUs For poes. Jalap and rhubarb of each 10 to 20 gr., ginger 3 or 4 gr., soap 10 gr., water q. s.; if this does not open the bowels, add aloes half a dr., or 3 or 4 gr. of calomel. — In the distemper it must be preceded by a copious bleeding, and abstinence from food for a day and a night. HARD CONFECTIONS; OR, DRY COMPOSITIONS PRINCIPALLY COMPOSED OF SUGAR. Two methods are generally followed in making hard confec- tions. Some are made with sugar, of which one half in fine LOZENGEs. 447 wder is dissolved in an infusion or decoction in a brass or iron e lipped to the right; and when dissolved, the other half of the sugar, previously warmed, and any essential oil, is added, well stirred in, and the grouty mass dragged out by a wire to form drops on a slab sprinkled with sugar or starch. In others the sugar is not dissolved, but the mass is made to cohere by a muci- lage, generally of gum tragacanth, or by white of eggs. Ambergris is the only perfume that can be properly used for _ perfumed lozenges and tablets for the niouth. . FOR MEDICAL USE. MARSH-MALLow LozEncEs, Trochisci althee. Rad. althee, in powder, 1]b., white sugar 4lb., muc. g. tragac. q. s. ; Srarcu tozenaeEs, Trochisci bechicit albi, T. amyli. Amylhi 3jss, rad. glycyrrh. 3vj, rad. iridis Flor. 3ss, sugar |b. jss, muc. g. trag. q. s. T. amyli sine iride. As the other, but without the orrice. Morsvti aromatici. Sugar Llb. j, water q.s. ; dissolve, boil toa full candy height, when half cold add amygdal. dulc. decort., cort. aurant. condit. ana 3j, cinnam. 38s, zz. 9j, all cut in small pieces. Morsvtt acett. White sugar 1lb., dissolve, evaporate, and form into lozenges, which imbibe with acetic acid 2 oz. Antimony tozences, Morsuli stibii Kunkelii. Sulph. anti- mon. ppi., - amygd. dulc. excort. ana 3ss, citri cort. cond. 3ij, syr. imp. q.s.; make into 8 cakes; dose one a day: the best mode of exhibiting sulphuret of antimony as an alterative. TRocH. BECHICI ALBI, a Belg.) Gum. Arab. -sacch. alb. ana 3viij, dissolve in a small quantity of water, evaporate, add _ white of egg beat up with orange flower water 3iv, and make into __ troches. YELLow recroraL tozences, Tr. bechici flavi. Rad. irid. _ Flor. 5yj, rad. glycyrrh. 3iij, amyli 3ss, croci pulv. ij, sugar $viij, muc. g. trag.q.s. LozencEs ror THE HEARTBURN, Tab. cardialgice Cret. pp. 3iv, chel. cancr. ppm. 3ij, bol. arm. 3}, nuc. mosch. 9j, sugar 3iij, water q. s. _ Tro. © creta. Cret. ppe. jiv, chel. canc. ppm. 3ij, cinn. sugar 3iij, muc. g. Arab. q. s. Tro. CARBONATIS CALCIs. Cret. ppe. Ziv, gum. Arab. 3), uc. mosch. 4j, sugar 3vj, water q. s. _ Coven tozences., Tablettes anticatarrhales de Tronchin. Gum Arab. 3viij, kermetis miner. - sem, anisi_ana giv, suc. gly- x 448 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— cyrrh. 3ij, extr. opii gr. xij, sacch. albi lb. ij: make into ‘small lozenges. . Cove LozENGEs. Cloves 3v, sugar 1lb. 8 oz, muc. g. tragac. q. s.; make 150 lozenges, containing gr. ij of cloves each; used as restoratives after fatigue, or added to chocolate to render it stomachic. | 2. Sacch. alb. 7lb., gum. tragac. 3xiv, ol. caryophyl. 3ss. Catecuu tozENcEs. Catechu in powder 3iij, powdered cinnamon 3jj, oil of cinnamon gtt. v, white sugar 3xiv, mucilage of tragacanth q.s. In relaxations of the uvula, and in irritation about the larynx. | CacHou LozENGES. Catechu 3 oz, sugar 12 0z, muc. g. trag. q. s.—Cachou a Pambre gris. The same, with ambr. gris. gr. viij-—Cachou musqué. The same, with mosch. gr. viij.—Cachou a la fleur d’oranges. The same, with ess. neroli gtt. vj. Cachou a la reglisse. Catechu 2 0z., ext. glycyrrh. pt. 1.02., sugar 10 oz., muc. g. trag. q.s.—Cachou a la violette. ‘The same, with rad. irid. Flor. 3 jss. Cachou a la canelle. Catechu 3 0z., cinnamon 3 jss, ol: cassiz gtt. v, sugar 14 oz., muc. g. trag. q. s. _All of these are used to fasten the teeth, and disguise a stinking breath. | | CINNAMON LOZENGES. Cinnamon 7 oz., sugar 12 oz., muc. g. trag. q. s.: stomachic.—2. Sacch. alb. 8lb., ess. cinnam. 3 0z., _ muc. trag. 18 oz. SAFFRON LOZENGES. Hay saffron, dried and powdered, 1 0z., | sugar llb., muc. g. trag. q. s.: anodyne, pectoral, emmenagogue. BLACK PECTORAL LOZENGES, Tr. bechici nigri, P. L. before 1745. Extr. glycyrrh., sacch. ana 3x, gum. tragacanth., amygd. — dulc. decort. ana 3vj, muc. sem. cydon., made with rose water q: S. Tro. secuicr nicri, P. L. since 1745. Extr. glycyrh., sacch. ana 3x, gum. tragac. IIb. ss, water q. s. Tro. GLycyrruiz#. Extr. glycyrrh., sacch. ana 3x, gum. © tragac. 311}. water q. s. Tro. glycyrrhize glabre. Extr. glycyrrh, gum. Arab. ana Ib. j, sacchari 1\b. ij, warm water q.s.; dissolve, strain, and evapo- — rate. Tro. glycyrrhize cum opio. Opii 3ij, dissolved in tinct. bals. Tolut. 3ss, syr. simp. 3viilj, extr. glycyrh., gum Arab. ana 3v, made into troches of gr. x each. } LOzENGES. “449 - _ IpecacuanHa LOzENGEs. Ipecac. 3iv, sugar 2lb., muc. g. trag. q. s.; make 480 lozenges, containing each gr. ss of ipeca- cuanha; expectorant; used in coughs, also stomachic. 2. (P. Belg.) Cort. rad. ipec. 3}, sacch. albi 3viij, muc. g. trag. q. 8. | Orrice Lozences, Violet lozenges. Rad. irid. Flor., gum. Arab. ana 35ij, rad. glycyrrh. 3vj, sugar 1b. 8 oz. muc. g. trag. q: & Gum LozEeNncEs, Tro. gummosi. Gum Arab. 4 oz, starch 1 02, _ sugar 12 oz, aq. rose q. s. | _ Lemon props. Sugar lb. in very fine powder, dissolve one half along with salt of sorrel 51ij, in the smallest quantity of water ; as soon as it boils add the other half of the sugar, and ess. limon. git. viij, drag it out immediately by a crooked wire in drops upon a slab.—2. Use concrete acid of lemons, or acid of tartar, instead of the salt of sorrel.—3. Colour with turmeric. _ Lemon sucar. Concrete acid of lemons 3 oz, sugar 4lb., essence of lemons 3}. Morsvti cirri. Sugar 16 oz, citron or lemon juice 2+ oz, eleosacch. citri 4 oz; dry. | _ Sreer tozences. Sugar 3lb. 8 oz, iron filings, or rust of iron, 8 oz, cinnamon 2 oz, muc. g. trag. q. s.; stomachic, tonic. — Aromatic lozenges of steel. Are prepared with vitriol. vir. and a little tinct. canthar. CANDIED HOoREHOUND. Marrubium conditum. Juice of He hound 1 pint, white sugar 4lb., brown sugar 6lb. MAGNEsIA LOZENGES, Tro. e magnesia. Magnes. usta Siv, zz. Dj, sugar 3ij, muc. g. Arab. q. s. | | 2. Magnesia 1 oz, sugar 4 oz, muc. g. trag. made with aq. flor. _ aurant. q, 8. | _ Purrre tasters. Magnesie 3)b., sacch. alb. 1}]b., drop lake 1 oz, gum. tragac. 3 02; mix. _ Normee tozences. Sacch. alb. 8lb., gum. tragac. 2+ 07, ol. _ nuc. mosch. 1 oz. PerrerMiNtT prors. Sugar 2lb., peppermint water 4 oz, made into drops, as those of lemons: essence of peppermint may _ be added, if they are required to be very warm. Peppermint lozenges. Sugar 2lb., starch 2 oz, essence of pep- int q. p. muc. gum. an q. s.—2. Use plaster of Paris stead of starch, to give a body to these lozenges; stimulant.— $. Sacch. alb. 4lb., muc. g. tragac. q. s., ol. menth. pip. 3vj.— 4, White sugar 3xivss, melt in a ladle, add white sugar % jss mixed GG ‘450 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— ‘with oil of peppermint gr. xlv, and drop on a slab rubbed with oil -of sweet almonds.—5. Manus Christi lb. ss, imbibe it with ol. menth. pip. 38s, dissolved in alcohol 3 jss.—6. Ichthyoc. 3}, water §iij, dissolve, add eleosacch. menth. pip. Ib. j.—7. Sacch. albi 5 vj, ol. menth, pip. gtt. xxxvj, white of 2 eggs; rub together, and form into troches. _ Nrrre props. Sal. nitri 4 0z., sugar 11b., water 2 oz. Nitre lozenges, Tro. nitri. Sal. nitri 4 oz., sugar 1]b., mue. g- trag. q. s.; diuretic internally, held in the mouth to remove inci- pient sore throats. _ PASTILLES DE RosE. Sugar 2lb., rose water 4 oz., made into drops. | Manus Christi. 'The same, made into a flat cake. Pite de rose lozenges, Patirosa lozenges. Sugar 2\b., starch 4 0z., ol. rhodii gtt. vj, muc. g. trag. made with rose water coloured with cochineal q. s.; pectoral. Troc. sponetx ustz. Sacchar. albi 3 oz., spong. ust. 1 0z., extr. glycyrrh. 531i), pulv. amyli 31), mucil. g. Arab. q. s. RuvBarB LozENGEs. Rhubarb, 1 oz., sugar 6 oz., muc. g. trag. made with aq. cinnam. q. s.; cathartic. SuLPHuR LozENGEs, T7o. sulphuris. Flor. sulph. 1 02., sugar 8 oz., muc. g. trag. q. s.; pectoral; used in asthma and piles. PxrcTroraL LozeNcES. FI. sulph. vj fl. benz. 3ss, gum. © Arab, rad. irid. Flor. ana 3iij, balsam. sulph. anis. 3), sugar 18 0z., — muc. g. trag. q.'s, : Totv LozeNces. Sugar 2lb., cream of tartar 3 oz., starch 1 — 02., tinct. bals. 'Tolu 3iv, muc. g. trag. q. s.; pectoral. ; PATE DE TUSSILAGE A L’aNnts. Extr. glycyrrh. dissolved in a — strong decoction of the flowers of coltsfoot and cudweed, strained — and evaporated to a paste, adding a little ol. anisi towards the © end; pectoral. VANILLA LozENGES. Vanilla in powder 3 oz., sugar 18 o7z., muc. ¢. trae. q. s.: each lozenge ought to contain gr, ij of vanilla; odoriferous, stomachic. Zinc LozENGES, Sulphate of zinc 3iv, refined sugar |b. ij, mucilage of tragacanth q. s.; divide into lozenges, so that ea may contain gr. > of the zinc, | et GINGER LOZENGES, Zz.10z.,sugar 1 lb., mue. g. ie q- 8.5 stimulant, stomachic.—2. Pulv. zingib. 10 0z., sacch. alb. 8 lb., muc, trag. 18 oz. Ginger candy. Zz. 2 0z., boiling water q. s. to strain a pint, white sugar 6lb., brown sugar 8lb. LozENGEs. 451 _ Ginger drops. Sugar 2\b., strong infusion of ginger 4 oz. - Tastertes pe Spirstait. Raisins 1b, pearl barley 1b. 8 0z., water q.s.; boil for a’ short time, dissolve opii 38s, gum. Arab. 4 0z., Spanish liquorice 1 oz. in water; mix the two liquors, strain, add brown sugar 4lb., clarify the syrop with white of eggs, eva- porate to a paste, adding anise seed, in powder, 4iij, towards the a gg it out upon a slab, divide and ps ; pectoral in obstinate Worm cakes. Scamm. Alepp. 2 oz., calomel ppd. 3 OZ, res, jalapii 2 oz., crem. tartari 4 oz., white sugar $lb., muc. g. trag. q- 8. 2. Calomel 1 oz., res. jalap. 2 0z., white sugar 2 lb., muc. g. trag. made with rose water q. s.; make 1960 lozenges, weighing _ gr. viij., and containing calom. gr. 1-4th. res. jalap. gr. ss. each. 3. Scammon. and crem, tart. ana 3 j, calomel ppt. 3 ss, sacchar. alb. 5}, muc. g. trag. q. s.; will make 80. ’s worm cakes. Calomel 9j, jalap. 3j, zz. 3 ij, sacch. 1 oz., cinnabar. antim. q. s. to colour them, syr. simp. q. s. to make into cakes, Ching’s yellow worm lozenges. Saffron 3 iv, water 1 pint; boil, strain, add calomel 11b., white sugar 28]b., muc. g. trag. q. s.: __ each lozenge should contain gr. j of calomel. Ching’s brown worm lozenges. Calomel 7 oz., extr. jalapii resinos. 3lb. 8 oz., white sugar 9lb. muc. g. trag. q. s.; each lozenge should contain gr. ss. of calomel. ' LozencEs oF PpuRE EMETINE. Pure emetine gr. vj, sugar _3iv; make into 260 lozenges; emetic. Emetic lozenges of emetine. Emetine gr. xxvj, sugar 3ij; make into 66 lozenges: emetic, no. j for a child, iv for an adult. _ Pectoral lozenges of emetine. Exmetine gr. xxvj, sugar 3iv, : carmine q. s. to colour them red ; make into 260 lozenges; occa- : es chronic coughs, hooping cough, and chronic diarrhoea; _ More one in an hour will excite nausea. ; FOR CONFECTIONARY. _ Péte de gomme Arabique. Very white gum Arabic, white sugar, of each 2\b. 8 oz., boiling water 5 pints; dissolve, strain, “evaporate without boiling to the consistence of honey; beat up whites of 12 re with orange flower water 4 oz. measures, hich mix gradually with the paste, and evaporate over a slow fire, stirring it continually till it will not stick to the fingers or wooden slice: it should be very light, spongy, and extremel white; pectoral: sold for Pate de guimauve.—2. Add starc towards the end: this is an inferiorarticle. GG 2 452 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— Pate de gomme de Senegal. White sugar 5lb., washed gum Senegal 6lb., water 30 pints, make into a paste, add orange flower water 9 oz. by weight; essence of lemons and citric acid may be added to flavour it: sold for Pate de dattes, and Pate de jujubes. Péte de guimauve, Pasta althee. Rad. althee decort. 3 iv, water 5 pints; boil to 4 pints, strain, add gum. Arab., sacch. a lb., of each lb. ij, evaporate to an extract, then take from the fire, stir it quickly with the white of 12 eggs, previously beat to a froth, add, while stirring, aq. flor. aurant. 3 iv.—Pate de gomme Arabique is sold for it. Péte de dattes. Dates 1ilb., white sugar 5lb., washed gum Senegal 6lb., water 30 pints, orange flower water 9 oz. by weight ; prepare as the Pate de gomme Arabique: produce about 9lb.— Pate de gomme de Senegal is sold for it. Pate de jujubes. Raisins stoned Ub., currants picked, jujubes opened, of each 4 oz., water q. s.; boil, strain with expression, add sugar 2lb. 4.0z., gum. Arab. 2lb, 8 oz., previously made into a mu- cilage with some water, and strain; evaporate gently, pour into moulds, finish the drying in a stove, and then divide it: expec- torant in coughs.—Pate z gomme de Senegal is sold for it. \ Refined juice, Refined liquorice. Spanish liquorice 4lb., gum. Arab. 2lb., water q. s.; dissolve, strain, evaporate gently to a soft extract, roll into cylinders, cut into lengths, and a iy by ee them together in a box ; expectorant in coughs, &c.—2. Spanis liquorice, carpenter’s glue, of each lb. j, water q. s. Pate de reglisse noire. Refined liquorice 8 oz., gum Arabic 2lb., sugar llb., water q. s.: dissolve, and evaporate till it forms a ver thick syrop, add rad. enule camp., rad. irid. Flor. ana 3 ss, ess, de cedrat a few drops, put into tin moulds, and dry in a stove. Péte blanche de reglisse. From the roots of liquorice, in the — same manner as pate de guimauve ; pectoral. Barley-sugar, Saccharum hordeatum. Sugar 1\b., saffron 12 grains, water q. s.; boil to a full candy height, pour it out upon an oiled slab, and roll it in cylinders: formerly a decoction of barley was used.—2. Use mucilage of gum Arabic, and flavour with lemons. | 4 White barley-sugar, Penides, Alphenic. Sugar q. p., decoction of barley q. s.; boil to a full candy height, add a few drops of ess. Bergamotte or ess. of lemons, and twist it together, that the air may render it white.—2. Add starch to give the whiteness. Chocolate, Chocolada, Chocolat de Santé. .Caraccas cacao 8lb., Island cacao 2lb., roast them, and while warm add white sugar 10lb., make into a paste on a heated slab; produces 22lb.—2. Caraccas cacao 8]b., sweet almonds q. s. to relieve the dryness of Powpers, &c. 453 this cacao: some add butter.—3. Island cacao 8]b., starch powder q. s. to absorb the fatness of this cacao.—4. Cacao cake from whence the oil has been pressed, mutton suet q. s. Spanish chocolate. Use seeds of ground peas for cacao, and add maize flour. Chocolat @ la vanille. To 20\b. of the best chocolate paste add cinnamon, Mexican vanilla, of each 3 0z., cloves §j: used asa nourishing and restorative food. ‘ POWDERS AND STONES. FOR MEDICAL USE. TruE GASCOIGNE’s POWDER, Pulvis e chelis cancrorum com- positus, P. L. before 1745. Margarit. ppm.» ocul. cancr., corall. rubr., succin. alb., corn. cervi calc., lap. bezoard. Orient. ana 3 j, chel. canc. 5 vj ; make into balls. r Lapy Kent's Powper, P. bezoarticus, Globuli bezoardicus. Chel. cancr. 3 viij, marg. pp., coral. rubr. ana 31), lap. bezoar. Orient. 3j; cordial, in great esteem, although few will go to the price of it. . Z _ Crpnaric snurr, P. cephalicus. Fol. asari, fol. majoran., fol. lil. convall. ana p. eq. ‘ P. sternutatorius, P. asari compositus, P. L. Fol. sicc. asari, fol. majoranz, fol. mari Syr., flor. lavand. ana p. eq. P. asari compositus, P. D. Fol. sicc. asari 3 j, flor. lavand. 5 ij. P. asari compositus, P. E. Fol. asari 3 0z., fol. majoran., flor. lavand. analoz, : _ P. Cornacurxt. Scammon. 5x, antim. diaphoret. 4 vj, crem. : tart. 3 ijss; cathartic, febrifuge, sj: an excellent medicine. _ Dtacerraresson Paracerst. Antim. diaph. gr. xviij, res. - scamm. gr. xvj, crem. tart, gr. vij. Eart or Warwicr’s Powper, P. comitis Warwicensis. _ Scammonii 3 ij, antimonii diaph. 3 j, crem, tartari 3 ss. _ SPECIES DIAMBR# SINE opoRATIS, Spec. aromatice, P. aroma- _ticus, P. L. et D. Cinnam. 3ij, sem. card. min., zz., piper. long. ana 3j; the old receipt was more compounded. _ _P. cinwamomi compositus. Cinnam. 3ij, sem. cardam. min. 3585; 22 3 j, piper. long. 3s. _ P. anomarticus, P. E. Cinn., zz., piper. long. ana p. xq. 3 stimulant, carminative, stomachic, gr. v to x. _ PLUMMER’s ALTERATIVE PowDER, thiops Plummeri. Ca- lomel, sulph. antim. ana 3ij. i Re > J . Si; _ YS 454 XII. CONSISTENT COMPOUNDS.— SPEC. DIATRAGACANTHI FRIGID#, P, e tragacantha compositus, P. L. before 1788. Gum. tragac., gum. Arab., rad. althaez ana 5ss, amyli, rad. gl h. ana 3ss, sacch. albi 3ss ; the old formula had all the cold seeds, P. E TRAGACANTHA compositus, P. L. since 1788, P. traga- canthee compositus. Gum. tragac., gum. Arab,, amyli ana 3)ss, sacch, alb. 3iij ; demulcent, 3ss to 5) ; used in tickling coughs, SPECIES HIER£ PICRs. Cinnam., zedoar., asari, sem. cardam. min., croci ana 3yvj, coccinel. 9}, aloes Socotr. 5xij. Hiera Picra. Gummi aloes lb. j, canel. alb. 3iij. P. aloeticus. Aloes Socotr. lb. j, canel. alb. 3iij. P. aloes cum canella. Al. hep. Ib. j canel. alb. 3iij. Fe 2. Aloes Barbad. 7Ib., aloes Cap. 2lb., canel. alb. 3lb., pimento llb., turmeric IIb. 8 0z.: cathartic, gr. x to 9j. a PuLvis APERIENS. Pulveris jalape Dss, submuriatis hydrar- _ gyri gr. v, pulveris zingiberis gr. v for a single dose. * a] MEAD’s POWDER AGAINST THE BITE OF A MAD vOG, P, anty- lyssus. Lichen. ciner. terrestr. 31}, piper. nigr. 3). : P. piaseNz, Fol. senz, crem. tart. ana 3ij, caryoph., ciunam., galange, sem. ammeos ana 3ij, scammonii ss, P. e sena compositus. Omit the ammi and galanga, and put in ZZ. 3ij- im) P.e sena compositus, P. senigig compositus. Fol. sennz, crem. tart. ana 3ij, scammon. 3ss, zz : P. piaTuRPETHI compositus. Rad. turpethi, rad, jalapii, 4 rad. hermodactyli, tartar. vitriol. ana p. 2q. at P. jaLarz composirus. Rad, jalap. 3), crem, tart. 3ij; pure gative, 9j, to dij. . } #iruiors MINERALIs, Hydrargyrus cum sulphure, Hydrargyri t sulphuretum nigrum. Argent, yiyi, fl. sulphuris ana Ib. j. & 2. Argent. viv. 7lb., fl. sulph. 14lb.; vermifuge, alterative 3j nh to 3j, bis terve in die ; also used by the ferriers and farmers. if P. © BOLO comPosITUS sINE opro. “Boli armen. (or bol Gall.) Ib. ss, cinnam. 3iiij, rad. torment. gum. Arab. ana 3iij, pip» P. © cRETA compositus, P. crete compositus. For bole use ppd. chalk. ? ar _P. CARBONATIS CALCIS composiTus, P. cretaceus. Cret. pp: 311), nuc. mosch. 3ss, cinnam. 333s; absorbent, stomachic, carmi- native 9j to Dij. AS Powvers, &c. 455 _ P. £ BOLO compositus cux orto. Species for pulv. e bol. comp. s. opio as before; add opii colati 3ii). P. © CRETA cCOMPOsITUS CUM oPIO. Pulv. ecreta comp. svilj,opii purif. duri sje. _P. crete compositus cum opio. ee vjss, opii duri aij ering, stomach xv to 9ij, which dose con- tains gr. j of opium. Putvis campHorz. Camphore rectif. gq. s., tere cum sacch, purificat. 3jss, pulv. preter ar eats tg omy tulis xij, distribue. One of these rubbed up with a little water forms an excellent emulsion, ly when a little extract of conium or syrup of poppies is , in dentition and diseases of irritation. pe E CERUSSA ComPosiTus, P.e¢ cerussa. Cerussz 3v, sarco- oa) note tragacanth. 3ss: cooling, astringent ; used exter- Common Gascoicne’s powDER, P. ¢ chelis cancrorum compositus, P. L. since 1745. Chel. cancr. ppm. lb. j, margarit. pm. (or ph: ad L. 1788), corall: rubr. pp- ana 3iij ; Bizet eA naLts, Lapis contrayerve, Globuli contrayerve, ea ty Chel. cancr. ppm. the peieinal corall. rubr. ppi. ana 3iij, rad. contrayerve 3v; ula had amber in it. contrayerve compositus, P. L. since 1809. bad 3g co tanh eral mt ” P. £ succtno compositus, vice Trochisci de carabe. Succin. pp-, gum. Arab. ana 5x, succ. hypocist., balaust., terre Japon. ana 3V, olibani 3ss, opii colati 5]. __P. xtyo compositus, Kino 3xv, cinnam. 3iiij, opii duri 315 ee dose of the latter ss to 3j, which last contains opi P. & myrzRHA compositus, P. L. before 1788. Fol, sicc. rute, fol. dict. Cret. myrrhz ana 3jss, assafoetide, sagapeni, cast, Russ., opopon. ana 3). P. e myrrha compositus, P. L. since 1788. Myrrh, sabine, rutz, cast. Russ. ana 3). SreEc. E scorpio stne op10. Boli Arm. (or boli a pv scordii 3ij, cinnam. 8s, styr. calam. col., rad. torment., _ tort., rad. gentian., . dict. Cret., galban. col., gum. Arab, rosor. _ rubr. ana 3j, piper. long., 27. ana 3ss, __ Spec. e scordio cum opio. Add to the former, opii col. 3iij. 456 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— EvrHorsiuM PREPARATUM. Euphorbium 20z., lemon juice a pint; dissolve, strain, and evaporate to dryness. Diacrypium, Diacrydium. Scamm. lb. j, juice of quinces 3viij; infuse 12 hours, and evaporate to dryness. P. £ sCAMMONIO comPosiTus, P. scammonee compositus. Scam- monii, extr. jalap. duri ana z1j, zz. 38s; cathartic, gr. x to xv. P. scammonii compositus. Scammon., crem. tart. ana 1 oz. ; cathartic, weaker : dose 9ss to Dss. P. e scammonio cum aloe. Scammon. 3vj, extr. jalap. duri, aloes - Soc. ana 3jss, 2Z. 38s. P. basilicus. Scammon., crem. tart., calomel., cerus. antimonii ana p. eq. : P. £ SCAMMONIO CUM CALOMELANE. Scammonii 3ss calo- mel., sacch. alb. ana 3ij; cathartic, vermifuge, gr. v to x, or more. Purvis CaLomELaNnos cum Dieirate. Hydrargyri submu- riatis, sacchari albi, 4a 3), pulveris digitalis 3ss; misce ; dosis, a gr. j ad gr. v. ; P. atorticus cum euataco, P. aloes compositus, P. aloes cum guaiaco. Aloes 3}ss, guaiaci 3}, pulv. aromatic. 3ss. P. ALoETIcUS cum FERRO, Aloes Soc. 3jss, myrrh. 311j, extr. gent. duri, sal Martis ana 3). Dover’s vowDER, P. sudorificus Doveri. Tartar. vitriol., sal. nitri ana 3liij ; throw into a red hot mortar, stir them with a spoon until they have done flaming, powder very fine, and add opii, rad. ipecac., rad. glycyrrh. ana 2j; dose gr. xl to Ixx in wine whey. The red hot mortar must decompose the nitre and pro- duce a ferruginated alkali, and therefore different from the college formula. 2. Tart. vitriol., sal. nitri ana 4 0z., opii, ipecac., rad. glycyrrh. ana 1 oz; diaphoretic, sudorific, gr. vj toxx: used in rheumatism. P. IPECACUANHE ComposiTus, P. ipecacuanhe et opii. Tpecac., opii ana 3j, tartar. vitriol. 3}. ' Putvis IPECACUANHE CUM CALOMELANE. Hydrargyri sub- muriatis 4}, pulveris ipecacuanhe 3ij, pulveris cinnamomi 38s, sac- chari albi 3jss; misce; dosis, a gr. ij ad gr. v. P. opratus, P. L. Opii 3j, corn. cerv. usti 3ix. P. cornu usti cum opio. Opii 3}, corn. cery. usti 3j, coccinel. 3). P. opratus, P. E. Opii 3j, cret. ppse. zix; absorbent, ano- dyne, gr. v to x, which last contains opii gr. }. ALKALISED QUICKSILVER, Aithiops alcalisatus, Hydrargyrus cum creta, P. L.. Argent. vivi 3iij, crete jv. Powpvers, &c. 457 Hydrar cum creta, P. D. . Argent. vivi, mannz ana 3); rub till the quicksilver disappears, then add crete 3j, rub again, wash out the manna with a pint of warm water, add crete 311) more to the sediment while moist, and dry upon blotting paper. Hyprareyrus cuM MAGNEsIA. Argent. vivi, manne ana3j, magnesiz albze 3ss ; proceed as in the last. PoTreNTIAL CAUTERY, Common caustic, Cauterium potentiale, Lapis septicus, Causticum commune mitius. Quick lime, soft soap ana p. eq. CausTICUM COMMUNE ForRTIUS, Calx cum cali puro, Potassa cum calce, Cali causticum cum calce. Soap ley made of potash q. v. boil to a third or fourth part, and add lime q. s. to soak up the ‘enpainr g liquor; caustic, not so liable to spread as pure potash, but much weaker. . Lapis MEDICAMENTosuUs. Alum., lithargyri, boli Arm. ana Ib. vj, colcoth. vitrioli aceti opt., ana lb. nj; boil to a stony consistence; astringent, detergent, externally, 3], to a pint of water. Lapis oputHatmicus, L. divinus. Vitr. cerul., alumin., nitri ana 3}; melt together, adding at the end camph. 3): used tomake an eye water, 51) to water 4 oz. Pierre pivine. Roche alum burnt 3 oz., add liquid ammonia 3); mix, and add vermilion 9j; for toothache, a piece to be put into the tooth. | P. pe TRIBus. Scammon., crem. tartari, antimon. diaphor. ana p- 2q.; cathartic, gr. xv to 3). P. sryrticus, P. sulphatis alumine compositus. Aluminis ziv, kino 3j; styptic, gr. x to xv, or externally to bleeding wounds. _ Mercurivs saccnaratus. Hydrarg., sacch. albi ana 3ss, ol. tanaceti , xvj: rub till the uickullver disappears ; vermifuge, 3) in a day. PovpRrE DE LuruLiINe. Lupuline 3j, white sugar 3)j. Pate ARsENICALE. Cinnab. gr. lxx, sang. dracon, gr. xxi, _arsen. albi gr. viij ; used in cancer, being mate into a paste wit spittle when used. _ Putvis emmenacocicus. Fol. sabine sicc., zz. ana 98s, potas. sulphatis 3jss ; to be taken twice a day. P. Batsamicus. Mastich, myrrhe, sarcocolle ana 3}; mix ; be sprinkled on bared bones, tendons, and ligaments. Puxvis rrentericus. Pulveris tragacanth. comp., pulveris thei, ana 3iij, pulveris ipecacuanhe comp. 3), hydrargyri cum 458 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— creta 3j. Misce. Dosis a gr. v ad 33s, 3tis, 4tis, vel 6tis horis. Interdum adde extract. catechu, &c. MocuiiavE DEs Freres DE LA Cuartre, Vitr. antim. yery finely ground 3 j. sacch. albi 3ij; dose 9j to 38s, as a specific in colic from lead. } VITRUM ANTIMONII CERATUM. Cerze flavee 3}, melt and add vitr, antim, in extremely fine powder 3j: mix well, and keep in the fire for an hour, or till it acquires the appearance of Spa- nish snuff; cool, and powder; in diarrhoea and dysentery gr, vj twice a day. P. prapyoreticus. Pulv. antimonialis gr. viij, crem. tartari gr. vj.—2. Pulv. antimonialis gr. vij, salis nitri gr. v ; diaphoretic, in fevers, P. satarz. Jalape 9j, crem. tartari 3). P. RHABARBARI. Rhabarb, gr. xxv, crem. tart. 3); purging. P. sapina. Fol, sabine# pulv. 3ij eruginis, Mere. precip. rubri ana 3ss ; to stimulate and consume fleshy tumours. Duke oF PortLann’s Gout PowDER, P. Ducis Portlandia. Rad. aristol., rad. gentianze, summ. chameedryos, summ. centaur. min. ana p. seq. ; used in gout. HERRENSCHWAND’s worM spEcivic. G. G. G. gr. x, sal. tartari 9}. Tonquin REMEDY, P. Tunchinensis, P. alexipharmicus Sinensis. Rad. valer. sylv. pulv. 9}, moschi gr. xvj, camph. gr. vj; mix; antispasmodic, alexiterial, to gr. xij, in hooping-cough; to 3j in hydrophobia and exanthemata ; to 9ijss, in mania. P, vermirucus. Sal, comm. 3ij, coccinelle 9ij; dose 433s, every morning.—2. Ferri carbon, 9), in any vehicle, early every morning. : PuLvIs CINCHON% cuM sopa. Pulveris cinchonz, sode sub- carbonatis, ana partes zquales. Dosis a gr. v ad Oss, bis terve in die. , ; Putvis Tonicus. Ferri sulphatis exsiccati 3iij, potassee sul- — phatis 3ij, pulveris cascarillz Ziijss. Misce. Dosis a gr. iij ad | gr. x, bis terve in die. (Jnfantibus.) 3 P. ronicus. Cort. Peruv. 3ss, sal. Epsom. 3vj; for four doses, — one every other hour, in agues, 2. Ferri ammon. gr. v, rhabarb. gr. 1ij; once a day, 3. Ferri tartar. gr. x, rad. calumbe gr. xv; for a dose every four hours. | PuLvis CALUMB& composiTus. Pulveris calumbe 3 j, pulv. rhei 38s, sodee subcarbonatis 3iijss. Misce. Dosis a gr. vj ad 488, bis de die, ‘mf PowpeErs, &c. 459 CHELTENHAM sALTs. Glauber’s salt, Epsom salt, common salt, of each 28]b.; dry in an oven, and powder; purgative, yj to 3jss. . 2, Sal. Glaub. 5ij, sal. Epsom. gr. lxvj, sal. comm. gr. x, sal. gr. ss. 8. Common salt, Epsom salt, Glauber’s salt, of each 1 Ib.; dissolve, filter, and evaporate to dryness, then add green vitriol 38s, PouDRE DE MURIATE D’OR-ET-DE-soupDE. Mur, 1 gah stal. gr. j, pulv. lycopod. gr.-ij, M.—2,. Use puly. rad. inidlis pete vied of all its soluble parts by alcohol and water, pulv. peop. P. pivureticus. Rad. scille sicc. gr, lij, opii gr. ss, cinnam. gr. x; for a dose twice a day. | 2. Rad. scill. sicc. gr. xij, sal. nitri 3}, sacch, albi, cinnam. ana 3,j, £. pulv. no. vj; dose one, twice a day. 3, Crem, tart. 3), rad. scill, sicc, gr. iij, zz. gr. v; for a dose, every six hours. . , P. purcaNns. Rhabarb. gr. xv, scamm., ammonis subcarbon. ana gr. v; for a single dose. | 2. Rad. jalap. gr. xv, rad. ipecac. gr. v, ol. cinnam. gtt. ij; for one dose. 3. G. G. G. gr. iij, sacchari 3j ; for a dose, every three hours until a stool is obtained. Potvis catnarticus. Submuriatis hydrargyri, pulveris cam- bogie, pulv. jalapz, pulv. rhei, pulv. cinnamomi, ana 3ij. Misce. Dosis, a gr. v ad 9}. | P. antacipus. Pulv. creta c. cum opio 9j, catechu gr. xv ; _ for a dose, to be taken after each liquid stool, in loosenesses aris- ing from acidity. P. REFRIGERANS. Salis nitri gr. xv, in a teacup of water, _ immediately upon its being dissolved. P. exrecrorans. Myrrhx 35s, sacchari 38s; to be taken in _ divided doses, daily, in any convenient vehicle. 2. Scillw sicc. gr, viij, i . gr. v, camphoree 9j, puly. antim, gr. vj, sacch. pur. 3j, f. pulv. iv; dose j, twice a day, in barley water. 3. Myrrhe gr. xij, ipecac. gr. vj, salis nitri 3ss, f. pulv. iv ; | dose j, every four hours. | ‘ 5 Marriort’s pry vomir. ‘Tartar. emetic., vitrioli cer. ana p. vq. ; to be taken without any liquid. 460 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— ALUMEN SACCHARINUM. Common alum made up into small sugar loaves, with white of egg and rose water: used by females to make an astringent wash. P. piarHoreEticus. Pulv. ipecac. c. gr. xv, pulv. tragac. comp. 9ij, f. pulv. iv; dose j, every hour. 2. Pulv. ipecac. c. gr. xv, pulv. antimon. gr. ij, f. pulvis ; to be taken at bedtime. 3. Antim. sulphureti precip., extr. aconiti ana gr. j, magnes. carb. 9ss, f. pulvis. | 4, Pulvis antimon. gr. iij, potas. subcarbon. gr. v, flor. chamem. 9}. f. pulv.; dose j, every six hours, for two or three days. 5. Pulv. ipecac. gr. ij, opii gr.j, sal. nitri gr. xvj, f. pulv. to be taken at bedtime. TARTARUM SOLUBILE EXTEMPORANEUM. Crem. tart. 3]b., kali pp. Lb. EXTEMPORE SMELLING SALTS. Sal. ammon. 3j, kali pp. 3), ess. limon. gtt. v. SAL VOLATILE OLEOsuM. Subcarb. of potash, sal ammoniac ana 3vj, powder, mix, add leaves of Marum Syriacum ss, alcohol, P. L. Ojss, (impregnated with ol. caryoph. gss, ol. cinnam. 9}, ol. nuc. mosch. 9ij, ol. marjoranz, limon., and aurant., of each 3j), water Oij; distil with an extremely gentle heat, and as soon as the liquid that rises begins to dissolve the salt that has sublimed, take the vessel from the sand, and collect the salt; extremely fragrant. SMELLING sALtTs, Sal ammoniacum volatile cum lavanduld. Subcarbonate of ammonia 3viij, grind with ol. lavand. exot. 3 jss3 sublime with a gentle heat. PuLvis sop£ compositus. Sodz subcarbon. exsiccat. 3vj, hydrargyri ,ubmuriatis 3}, pulv. cretee comp. 3}. Misce. Dosis, a gr. v.ad 9). oh AERATED SoDA powpERS. Sodz carbonatis 3ss, in each blue paper; acid of tartar gr. xxv, in each white paper ; for half a pint of water: pleasant, cooling beverages in summer. : SEIDLITZ PowDERs. Soda tartar. 3ij, sode carb. gij, in one paper ; acid. tart. gr. xxxv, in the other ; for half a pint of water. —Aérated soda powders, in a single bottle, will not keep effer- vescent more than a month, the acid and alkali uniting. If sugar is added, the same combination takes place: white barley sugar does better, but it will not keep good more than two months. MipcELEY’s sopaIc PowDERS. 'To each paper of acid add 1-8th gr. tartarized antimony. | Powpvers, &c. 461 VaxaKA. Vanilla 1 oz., white sugar 4 oz.; grind together: SPECIES PRO CONFECTIO oFrlI.—Species pro mist. crete. Poutvis suporificus. Sulphuret of antimon. 12lb,, cream of tartar 4lb. Putvis RHEI composttus. © Pulveris rhei Siijss, hydrargyri eum creta 3}, potasse subcarbon. 3 jss, pulv. cinnamomi ss, Misce. Dosis, a gr. v ad 3j, bis vel ter die. P. sTANNI FAcTITIUS. Polisher’s putty 4lb., ivory black 4 oz. The ill effects sometimes arising from tin as a vermifuge, are owing to the substitution of this powder for the filings. Rapix GLycyRRHIZ£ TRITA REDUCTA. Rad. glycyrrh, ras., guaiaci, far. tritici ana p. «#q.—2. Rad. glycyrrh. 7lb., brown sugar 14lb.—3. Box dust 28lb., fabarum 36lb., curcume 3\b., suce. liquoritie 141b.—4. Far. trit. 56lb., succin. 2lb., P. D. 6lb., sacch, rub. 7Ib. Rap. ENULA TRITA REDUCTA. Rad. enule, barley meal ana p. eq.—2. Fabarum 56lb., box dust 14lb., rad. enule 28lb. —3. Fabarum 56]b., rad. enule 56lb.—4. Pulv. enulz camp. 40\b., ivory black 12lb., cret. ppz. 6lb., flour 22lb., yellow ochre 14lb. | SEMINA FOHNUGRECI TRITA REDUCTA. Sem. foenugrec., 67 ana p. e2q.—2. Sem. foenug. 56lb, rad. curcume 7Ib., faba- rum 36lb., whiting 14lb., box dust 14lb. SEM. ANISI TRITA REDUCTA. Sem. anisi, ras. guaiaci ana p. -—2. Sem. lini 32|b., pulv. lini 361b., ras. guaiaci 20Ib., ebor. ‘ib, Dutch pink 7lb.—3. Sem. anisi, 21lb., sem. foenic. dulc. 7lb., ras. guaiaci 28lb., turmeric 1lb., pale rape oil 4 pints.—4. Sem. anisi 56lb., ras. guaiaci 701b.—5. Stone ‘itis 2lb., cucumee 2\b., sago 4lb., sem. anisi 65lb., far. trit. 65lb. PrrER NIGRUM TRITUM REDUCTUM. P. nig. lb. j, hulls of black mustard seed lb. vj. Rap. CURCUM® TRITA REDUCTA. Rad. curcuma, ras. guaiaci ana p. #q.—2. Rad. curcume 12|b., fabarum 12lb., lign. rubri 4\b. Cortex Prruvianus trRitus ractitivs. Rad. bistorte, calami aromatici ana p. 2q.—2. Cort. quercus, rad. gentiang, in different proportions.—3. Herb. lycopi Europei.—4. Rad. gei montani.—5, Cort. fraxini, rad. torment., zz. ground together.— Bugle, ajuga reptans ; self heal, prunella vulgaris; yellow loose- strife, lysimachia vulgaris ; the bark of the sloe bush, prunus spi- nosa ; the bark of the horse-chesnut tree, eesculus hippocastanum ; the bark of several species of willows and sallows, salix: are all substituted for cort. Peruvianus. ed 462 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— Cort. Pervuv. tritus REpDucTus. Cort. Peruv., mahogany sawdust, oak sawdust, ground together. RADIX RH#I TRITA REDUCTA. Mix the powder with that of the root of meadow rue, or of monks’ rhubarb: used for tinc- tures. Gum ktnNo FactiTium. Lign. Camp. 48lb., rad. torm. 16lb., rad. rub. tinct. 12lb., water q. s.; boil, add catechu 16lb., strain and evaporate to dryness: it will produce 24lb, | Common SMYRNA sCAMMONY, Scammonium Smyrnense han titium. Scamm. Alepp. 8 oz., rad. jalap. 4Ib., fol. sennz, ebor. usti ana 1lb., zz. 2 oz., manne comm. 3lb., G. G. G 2lb., syr. spine cervi 2lb.—2. Rad. jalap. 2lb., fol. sennze, scamm. Alep. G. G. G. ana 8 oz., eboris usti, zz. ana 4 oz.—3. Scamm. Alep. 1% extr, jalap 5lb., gum. guaiac. 10lb., sago 101b., ivory black Alb. CREMOR TARTARI REDuCTUs. Cryst. tart. 3lb., sal. enixi 1b. TURPETHUM MINERALE REDUCTUM. ‘'Turbith mineral, low- ered in price by massicot. - Lapis zezoar Factitius, Bol. Armen,, dried blood ana p. zeq. muc, g. tragac. q. Ss. JETHIOPS MINERALIs REDUCTUs. Adthiops mineral and anti- mony of each 1]b.; grind together: used in diseases of the skin, 3 j in the horse’s corn. Axor Socorrina TRITA FAcTITIA. Al. Capens, at hepat. ana p- #&q. RAD. IRIDIS TRITA REDUCTA. Rad. irid. 84lb., farinee 12]b, Rab. JALAPH TRITA REDUCTA. Rad. jal. 28lb., ras. guaiac., rad. bryoniz ana 14lb. Rap. sALOP TRITA REDUCTA. Puly, salop. ver. 10lb., amyli, sago dust ana 2lb. ; mix. Rap. saALop TRITA FacTiT1a. Starch and sago dust ana p- eq. Rab. ZINZIBERIS TRITA REDUCTA. Rad. zinz. 56lb., fabarum 28lb., box dust 28lb., capsici 1b. P. ANTIMONIALIS FacTiTIvs. Antimon. diaphor. 10 oz, — tart. emetic. 1 0z.; some put only 6 oz. of ant. diaph.—2. Corn. — cervi usti 18 0z., tart. emet. 1 oz. LapDANUM spuRiuM. G. anime, g. i g. lac. g. mastiche ana 2lb., g. Arabic 3lb., catechu, Span. liquorice ana 1lb., syr. Tolut. 8 0z,, ess. ambergrise, ess. moschi ana 2 oz.; melt to- gether. Powvers, &c. 463 RAD. IPECACUANHE TRITA REDUCTA. Mix the ipecacuanha with the seeds of narrow-leaved wild orache, atriplex patula ; those of garden orache, a. hortensis: the root of primrose, primula veris is; or the root of oxlip, p. veris elatior. Putra coLocyNtuipis FactiTiA. Sem. colocyth. 8lb., rad. bryoniz lb. ; sold for the ground pith. BatTLey’s GREEN SENNA PowpER. ‘This nostrum is sup- to be senna leaves heated until they become yellow, and _ then reduced to a greenish hue by the addition of powdered FOR VETERINARY MEDICINE. Horse spice, Species equinus. Rasur. guaiaci lb., zz. nigri, ey sem. cymini ana 2lb., rad. curcume, canelle albe ana lb.—2. Rad. curcume, sem. cymini ana 4b. zz. 2lb. 8 oz.— 3. Piper. Cayenne 2 oz., fabarum 451b., mustard hulls 451b., sem. cumini 15]b., pulv. carui 15lb., pulv. curcume 91b., bacc. lauri 3lb., ivory black 1b. | ) Cow spice. Rad. curcume, sem. anisi, rad. glycyrrh., pul. diapente ana p. aq. Diarente. Rad. aristol. longi, myrrhe, bacc. lauri, ras. is, rad. gentianz ana lb.j; used by farriers as a tonic.—2. aes lauri 3lb., rad. gentiane 2lb., rad. curcume 4lb. sinapis 3 ABSORBENT POWDERS FoR uoRsEs. Natron ppd. 2 dr., columbo root powd. 3 to 4 dr., ginger 1 dr.; mix for a dose.— | 2. Ppd. chalk 4 dr., gentian root powd. 2 to 3 dr., pulvis aroma- ticus 1 to 2 dr.; mix for a dose.—3. Aloes 2 to 3 dr., rhubarb 3 to 4 dr., natron ppd, 2 dr., ginger 1 to 2 dr.; mix for a dose. ALTERATIVE POWDERS FoR HORSES. Prep. antimony 6 0z., flowers of sulphur 8 oz.; mix for eight doses.—2, Rosin 4 0z., nitre 3 oz., emetic tartar 1 oz.; mix for eight doses. . ARSENICAL POWDER For HoRsES. White arsenic gr. j, cream of tartar gr. x; rub well together for a dose, to be given three times a day, unless it produces loss of appetite. ASTRINGENT vowpeR. Alum 4 oz., bole Armenian 1 oz; mix; for grease and running sores.—2. White vitriol 2 0z., flowers of zinc 1 oz; mix; for external use.—3, White vitriol and bole of each 2 02, ; mix.—4. Sugar of lead 2 02z,, bole 1 oz. ; Caustic rowveER, for canker in horses. Corros, sublim, powd. 1 02., blue vitriol 2 0z., ppd, chalk 4 oz. ; mix, _ Corprat pivretic powneERr, for horses. Nitre, yellow rosin, _ and carui seeds powdered, of each 1 oz. ; mix, for one dose. 464 XII. CONSISTENT. AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— DIAPHORETIC ALTERATIVE POWDER, for horses. Ppd. antimony 1 0z., caraway seed powd. half an oz.; mix.—2. Ppd. antimon 2 dr., precipitated sulphuret of antimony half a dr., caraway ects powd. half an ounce; mix for one dose. DIvRETIC POWDERS FoR HORSES. Rosin and salt petre of each half an ounce ; mix for a dose, once or twice a day. | DIURETIC ALTERATIVE POWDER. Yellow rosin and salt per of each 4 oz.; mix for six or eight doses, one to be given daily. DIvuRETIC ALTERATIVE POWDER FOR GREASE. Powdered rosin and nitre of each 4 oz.; mix, and divide into eight doses. FEVER POWDER FOR HoRsEs. — Nitre half an oz. to 1 oz., cam- phire and emetic tartar of each 1 to 2 dr.; used after their bowels have been opened.—2. Nitre half an oz to 1 oz., antimonial powder 2 dr., camphire 1 dr. to 2 dr.; mix.—3. Powdered rosin 3 dr., emetic 1 dr., nitre half an oz.; mix. LaxaTIVE ALTERATIVE PowDERS. Flowers of sulphur 6 oz., emetic tartar 6 to 8 dr., calomel 3 dr.; mix for six doses. PURGING POWDER FoR PIGs. Jalap 1 dr., to which may be added scammony 10 or 12 gr., or calomel 10 gr. GERMAN PASTE FOR BIRDS. Pea meal 2lb., sweet almonds blanched 1]b., fresh butter 3 oz. ; beat all up together, add a little honey and cake saffron shred, pass it chinbiif a colander to granu- late it. Some put in the yelks of 2 eggs, but this makes it too expensive, and too fattening for the birds: it will keep good six months: used for feeding nightingales, larks, and other insecti- vorous birds. Rat powder. Rad. ranunculi bulbosi dried and powdered. PowDER FOR DESTROYING mick. Rad. helleb. nigri, sem. staphisagrize ana 1 oz., oatmeal 2Ib., ol. carui gtt. xxx. Fry powper. Arsen. alb. 4 oz., white sugar 6lb., rose pink 1 oz.: put 3 vj in each paper. FOR THE KITCHEN AND TABLE. CurRIE PowpDER. Coriander 18 0z., black pepper 2 0z., Cay- / enne pepper 1 oz., turmeric, cumin seed, of each 3 oz., foenugr. seed 3iv. 2. Sem. coriandri 13 oz., pip. nigri 5 oz., pip. Cayenne 1 oz, sem. foenugr., sem. cymini ana 3 oz., rad. curcume 6 oz. 3. Sem. coriandri 1lb., rad. curcume 8 oz., zz. 6 0z., sem. cumini, pip. Indic. ana 4 oz., pip. nigri 3 0Z., cinnam., sem. cardam. min. ana 1 oz., tamarind. mgr. 2\b. | 4, Sem. coriand., rad. curcume ana 4lb., zz., pimente, pip- Cayenne, capsici bacc. ana 1lb., sem. cardam. min. 4 oz., macis, caryoph. arom., cinnam. ana 1 oz. Powpers,. &c. _ 465 ___ 6. Coriander seed, turmeric of each 3]b., black pepper, mustard, ginger, of each 1lb., lesser cardamoms 8 oz., acion pepper, cummin seed, of each 4 oz.; powder and mix: used as a _ sauce. Red pepper, Cayenne pepper, Piper Cayenne. _Capsicums, salt, of each Ib. j, acted together, and colour with bole ; from the West Indies. Bs Capsicums dried 11b., salt 4 oz. ; pound or grind in a pepper 3. English chilies 1lb., salt 4.0z.; 100 chilies will make about _ 202. of Cayenne, the flavour of which is superior to that of cap- sicum, or the imported. Reduced Cayenne r. English chilies, bury in flour, bake for two hours and a half, or tili they are dry enough to powder, then cut them in small pieces, to each oz. add flour 1lb., water q. s. to make them into small biscuits, bake, powder the biscuit and sift it. black pepper. Black pepper ilb., ground and soaked _in 3 pints of vinegar for some days, the vinegar strained off, and the pepper dried ; milder than raw pepper. _ Prepared Cayenne pepper. Cayenne pepper ground, soaked in vinegar, the vinegar strained off, and the pepper dried ; milder than raw Cayenne pepper. | ing salt. Brown sugar, foreign bay salt, common salt, of _ each 2lb., saltpetre 8 oz.; mix: renders meat or butter salted with it very finely flavoured, and red. Kidder’s sweet spice. Cloves, mace, nutmegs, cinnamon, sugar, of each 1!b.; mix: used in pastry. | _ Kidder’s savoury spice. Cloves, mace, nutmegs, pepper, salt, _of each 1lb.; mix: used in cookery. French sausage spice, Eipices fines. Black pepper 4lb., cloves and nutmegs of each 14]b., ginger 24)b., anise seed and coriander seed of each three quarters of a lb. ; powder them together: used by the foreign sausage makers. : Kitchen pepper. Ginger 1lb., cinnamon, black Pepper, nut- ‘megs, Jamaica pepper, of each 8 oz., cloves 3 ij, salt 6lb.; grind together. \ amir) _ Ragout spice. Salt 1\b., flour of mustard, ground black pepper, rated lemon peel, of each half a lb., allspice, ginger, grated nut- Megs, of each a quarter of an oz., Cayenne pepper 2 0z.; mix, id powder fine. English spice. The roots of cyperus longus, root of calamus ‘aromaticus, leaves of sweet willow, myrica gale, or root of avens, H H 466 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— geum urbanum and g. rivale, ground together ; for in all eases a mixture of several spices is more agreeable than any one used singly. | Powder of coriander. Sem. coriandri, nux vomica, quassia, ground together: used by the ale brewers. Sharp whites. Wheaten flour ground with alum. Stuff. Alum in small crystals lb. j, common salt 3lb., to mix with flour for baking. | Heading for beer. Alum, green vitriol, ana p. eq. Mushroom powder. Mushrooms, blewits, champignons, or any _ other wholesome kind, half peck, 2 onions, cloves, and mace, of ~ each a quarter of an oz., white pepper 1 02. ; expose to a gentle heat till the liquor the mushrooms yield be dried up, then dry on tins in a slow oven till they can be powdered or ground in a mill. —2. The squeezings left in making plain mushroom catchup, mix with dried flour, roll out, dry and powder. Oyster powder, Preserved oysters. pe foie 3 doz., salt three quarters of an oz., pound, press through a hair sieve, add dried wheat flour suff. quant. to make a paste, about 74 0z., roll out — to the thickness of half a crown, dry, pound, sift, put into — bottles, and seal the corks: 3 ay. drachms will make half a pint — of sauce. Cockle powder, Muscle powder. May be made the same way. Anchovy powder. Pound the fish, rub through a sieve, make — into a paste with dried flour, roll out thin, dry, and reduce toa fine — powder. | ; Sprat powder. Head and gut the sprats, float them over with — vinegar, add a little salt and allspice, bake for two hours, rub — them through a hair sieve, and proceed as in making anchovy ‘ powder. Flour of mustard, Durham mustard, Farina sinapis. 'The seeds $ of black mustard dried until they form a powder when bruised, — then ground and sifted to separate the hulls or black skin of the seed, which does not form so fine a powder: yellow, and must not — be confounded with powdered black mustard seed, sem. sinapis _ trita, which is very black coloured, and used to make the foreign - mustard sauces. When flour of mustard is made up into mustard ~ sauce, and taken in too large a dose, it stops the respiration, and draws tears from the eyes; the spasm is relieved by smelling. Reduced flour of mustard. Flour of mustard, ground white mustard seed, salt, ana p. eq. af 2. Flour of mustard 14lb., ground white mustard seed, turmeric, Cayenne pepper, and common salt,in various proportions: does — not affect the breath. zh r4 ae Powpers, &c. 467 Ginger beer powders. White sugar 3} 9 ij, zz. gt. v, natr. pp. gr. Xxvj, in each blue paper; acid of tartar 5jss, in éach white paper: these quantities are for half a pint of water. Spruce beer powders. White sugar 3j 9ij, natr. pp. xxvj, ess. | of spruce gr, x.in each blue paper; acid of tartar 3 ss, in each white paper: for half a pint of water. | Portable lemonade, Acid of tartar 1 02. sugar 6 02z., €s8. limon. 10 drops; rub together, divide into 24 papers, for a tumbler of water each. 2. Concrete acid of lemons 1 oz., white sugar 4lb., ess. limon. 3 ij. Whey powder, Petit lait en poudre. Sugar of milk 2 oz., white sugar 8 oz., gum Arabic half an oz.: dose an oZ. in 2 pints of water. PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS. Rouge, Rouge d Espagne. Wash safflower until the water comes off colourless, ey the washed petals, and soak them in subcarb. of soda water; pour the yellow liquor upon fine white carded cotton, add lemon juice, citric acid, or acetic acid, thé cotton takes a yellowish red dye; wash the cotton to take away the yellow tinge, then soak the cotton in fresh subcarbonate of soda water, decant the liquid upon some French chalk, levigated very fine, again add the acid to throw down the pure red matter, grind the coloured chalk with a few drops of olive oil. 2. Separate the colour from the cotton by the acids; and then grind the sediment with French chalk and oil. Pure rouge Vert rouge d’ Athenes. Separate the colour from the cotton by the acids, and dry the sediment, which becomes of a copper bronze colour when dry, but reassumes its red colour _ when wetted. | _ Pink saucers. Safflower, previously washed in water until it no longer gives out any colour, and dried, 8 oz, subcarb. of soda 2 oz, water 2 gall. ; infuse, strain, add French chalk 4lb., scraped né with Dutch rushes, and precipitate the colour upon it with itric acid or tartaric acid. _ Perfumed powder for scent boxes: Sem. coriandri, rad. irid. or., fol. rosar., rad. calam. arom. ana 4 oz, fl. lavand. 8 oz., hi 9j, lign. rhodii 3). 2. Sem. coriandri, rad. irid. Flor., fol. rosar. rubr. ana 1 0z., nacis, caryoph. arom. ana 3 j, flor. Javand. 1 oz. iv, rad. calam. - 1 oz., moschi gr. iij, if agreeable. | Spec. odorifera, for wash balls. Amy)i 20 o7z., rad. irid. Flor. 12 '02., ol. rorism., ol. lavand. Angl. ana 3j, sem. bamise moschate '2 OZ. HH 2 rs 468 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— _ Pearl powder. Magistery of bismuth, French chalk scraped fine by Dutch rushes, ana p. seq. ; cosmetic. Plain hair powder. Starch powdered, and sifted very fine. Poudre de roses communes. Starch powder 25lb., rose leaves llb.; stir them with your hand every four hours, to prevent heating: the next day sift.them out, and put in fresh leaves ; repeat this three times; the box should be open all the time. Poudre de roses musquées. Starch powder 3lb., musk rose leaves 1lb.; they do not require stirring as they do not heat: the next day sift, and put in fresh for three times ; the box should be close. “Poudre de jonquille. As poudre de roses musquées, but with jonquilles for roses. Poudre de fleurs Coranges. Starch powder 25lb., orange flowers 1lb.; stir up twice a day: repeat this three times, keeping the chest close during the making and after. Poudre de jasmine. Starch powder 20\b., jasmine flowers no. 10,000, laid in beds together for twenty-four hours ; they do not heat : repeat this for three or four days. Poudre de violette. Orrice, powdered and sifted. Violet powder. Starch powder 28lb., pulv. iridis 15 0z., ess. ~ _____Bergam. 3iij, ol. rhod. ver. gtt. xxv. Poudre blanche melungée. Add 2 oz. of parfum a parfumer les — autres poudres to 1lb. of poudre de jasmin, or de fleurs d’oranges, Poudre de chipre. Wash oak moss for three days in running ~ water, dry it in the sun very well, otherwise it will not powder fine; then perfume it once or twice with jasmine or musk rose flowers, which will make it take other scents better. | Poudre de chipre de Montpellier. Poudre de chipre perfumed j with flowers as before, 2lb., civette gr. xviij, musk 38s, ground © with a little sugar. Poudre fine dla Mareschalle. Oak moss in powder 2\b., plain powder Ilb., cloves 1 0z., calamus arom. in powd. 1 oz., cyperus in powd. 2 oz., rotten wood in powder 2 oz. ; mix all well together. Rotten oak wood should be used, because it is red and gives a fine colour. Mareschale powder. Pulv. caryoph. arom. 107 0z., starch powd. 28\b. Poudre de frangipane. Poudre de fleurs d’orange 6\b., poudre de chipre 6ib. ; pour 1 oz. essence of amber into a very hot mortar, cover it with powder, and beat well together; mix this with the whole by sifting, then put half a drachm of civette and a little. Powpers, &c. . ‘he ae sugar into the mortar, and proceed as before. The mortar and le should be sufficiently hot to make spittle hiss. This powder 1s ash grey, which agrees well with every coloured hair. Poudre de frangipane de musquée. Instead of 3ss civette put in only 18 grains, and add 3ss of musk. Poudre de frangipane parfumée. Mix poudre de chipre with as much plain powder, perfume it with flowers, and then add amber- gris and civette, of each q. p. Poudre Cambrette. Poudre de jasmin Slb., poudre de roses musquées Sib. ; mix: put some in a sieve, and add 2 drachms ess. of ambergris; mix, sift, break the clots, mix them with more of the powder, and sift the whole several times to mix them well. Musk powder. Hair powder 28]b., musk a quarter of an oz. Species ‘for scenting hair powder. Pulv. irid. Flor. 11b., ess. . 2 02., ol. neroli 5j, moschi 9}. | P ur parfumer les autres poudres. Poudre d’ambrette 12lb.; grind 12 drachms of civette with a little sugar, add to it some of the poudre d’ambrette on the sieve, and sift till you have mixed it with the powder, then get a drachm of musk into the powder by the same means. Piite parfumé pour chapelets et medailles. Beat up poudre fine a la Mareschalle with muc. of tragac. made with eau de mille- fleurs, then mould it, rubbing the moulds with an essence or huile antique of some flower: this pate is coffee coloured.—2. Parfum pour parfumer les autres poudres q. p. beat up with muc. of tra- th. made with orange flower water, adding a thread of ess. of _ ambergris: this pate is white, but may be eolotved red by ver- milion, or yellow by fine yellow ochre.—3. Poudre de chipre par- fumée, and poudre de frangipane, each an equal quantity beat up _ with muc. tragac. made with eau de millefleurs: this is grey.—4, Poudre fine 4 la Mareschalle and cake of eau d’ange of each an _ equal quantity beat up with muc. of tragac. made with eau de _millefleurs.—5. Poudre de chipre parfumée, poudre de’ frangi- pane, parfum a parfumer les autres poudres, of each an equal quan- _ tity, beat up with mucil. tragac. made with orange flower water and a th of ess. of ambergris: this pfte is ash grey. French almond powder, Pulvis manualis. Amygd. amar. blanched o2., far. oryze 2602, pul. rad. Flor., crete ppe. ana 2 02., . fabarum 12 o7z., sal. tartari, benz., sperm. ceti, ana 1 02., ol. vand., ol. caryoph. ana gutte xxx, ol. jasmini per infus. Oj: ix. —2. Amygd. amar. Bianched xij, benz,, irid. Floren., far. , ana %j, sal tartari 3ij, ol. lavand., ol. rhodii, ana gtt. xx ; "Rose pearls, Rose beads. Beat the petals of the red rose in an 470 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— iron mortar, for some hours, until they form a black paste, which is to be rolled into beads and dried. They are very hard, suscept- ible of a fine polish, and retain all the fragrance of the flower. Sweet balls, Pomambra, Rad. iridis Flor. 3jss, cinnam, 43ss, caryoph. arom., lign. rhodii, flor. lavand. ana 3ij, ambr. gris., mosch. ana gr. lij, muc. g. tragac. made with rose water q.s.: some cover the ball with spirit varnish, but this keeps in the scent; worn in the pocket as a perfume.—2. Plaster of Paris 33), lign. santali. citr., rad. cyperi rot., caryoph. arom. ana 3ij, benz., styr. calam. ana 3ss, ebor. usti 3jss, mosch., zibethi, ana 9ss, bals. Per. 3ij, ol. cinnam, gtt. v, ol. lign. rhod. gtt. xv, ess. de jasmine 5}, ess. neroli 9j, muc. g. tragac. made with rose water q. s.: make into beads, and pierce them while yet soft. Zooth powder, Pulvis dentifricus. Rad. irid. Flor. 4 02., oss. sepiz 2 0z., crem, tart. 1 oz., ol. caryoph. gtt. xvj, lake 16 drops. —2. Catechu 1 oz., cort. Peruv, flay., crem. tart. cassiee, bol, Armen. ana giv, sang. dracon., myrrhe, ana 31j.—3. Rose pink 20 oz., bol. Armen., oss, sepiz, crem. tart. ana 8 oz., myrrh 40z., rad. irid. Flor. 2 oz., ess. Bergam. 3ss.—4. Oss. sepize 4 0z., crem. tart., rad. irid. Flor. ana 2 oz., alum. usti, rose pink, ana 1 oz,.— 5. Magnesie, rad. irid. Flor., rose pink, crete ppe. ana 2 o2., natr. ppi. 3vj, ol. rhodii gtt. ij. Lardner’s prepared charcoal. Chalk coloured grey with char- — coal; used as a tooth powder. Green tooth powder. Fol. salvize sicc., crustee panis toste, salis — comm. ana 3}, nuc. mosch,, caryoph. arom, ana 3]. ; Grosvenor’s tooth powder. Rose pink 3lb., puly. irid. Flor. half a lb., test. ostreor. 3lb., ol. rhodii gtt. xxv. a Asiatic dentifrice. Coral. rub. ppr. 8lb. 4 oz., Venetian red 12 oz. 8 dr., ochre and pumice stone of each 1b. 2 oz. 6 dr., moschi — Chinese 3ss;_ mix. } j _ Hemet's dentifrice. Oss. sep. lb. jss, crem. tart. 4 02. irid. 4 Fl. 2 oz. Ruspini’s dentifrice. Oss. sep. 8 oz., alum rup. 1 oz., crem. tart. - 2 o2., irid. Fl. 1 oz., ¢ ¢. usti 2 oz., ol, rhodii gtt. 6. | Opiate en poudre. Brick 8 oz., China ware 4 0z., red coral 1 o%.5 powder fine, and add cinnamon and cloves, of each 1 drachm, Depilatory. Quicklime 1 0z., orpiment 3 dr., orrice 2 dr., salt- _ petre 1 dr., sulphur 1 dr., soap lees half a pint; evaporate toa — proper consistence. : Roseate powder. Lime 12 oz., starch 10 0z., orpiment 1 oz; mix. Both are used to take off hair. . PowpeErs, &e. 47) FUMIGATING PASTILLES. In compounding fumigatin tilles, only those ingredients should be er shat yield S aweee Gat upon einige Niialied am- is, eascarilla, copal of rhus copallinum, calamus aromaticus, ellow sanders, wood aloes, gum ivy, star anise seed: musk, so commonly employed, is worse than useless, as it yields a very disagreeable acl when burned, as does also civette.—Benzoin 3ij, cascarillz 3}, myrrh. 3ss, ol. nuc. mosch., ol. caryoph. ana gtt. XV, sal, nitri 3), oad lign. 3jss, muc. g. trag. q. s. 2. Benz., oliban., styracis, gum thuris, mastic. ana 1 oz., carb. ig. llb. 8 oz., gum. tragac. 3iiij, water q. s.; camphire may be added if for a sick chamber.—3. Benz. 3ii}, mastich., oliban., ana 38s, cascarille, ol. caryoph., bals Peru. ana 3}, carb. lign. 2.02. 3ij, ol. lavand. gtt. x, camph. 9ij, moschi gr. x, gum. tragac. 3iv, —4. Benz. 8 0z., styr. calam. 3xij, labdani, olibani, mastiches, ae pins arom. ana 3jss, carb. lign. 2lb. 4 oz., muc. g. trag. q. & —6. Styracis, benz. ana 4 oz., santal. citr. 1 oz., carb. lign. 24 0z., labdani 3ij, set on fire, and burnt to correct bad smells.—6, Pulv. sandal. 1 oz., pulv. cascar. 1 0z., pulv. caryoph. 1 0z., gum thuris 1 0z., olibani siv, g. benzoin 3iv, p. carbon. 3iijss, styr. colat. 5jss, igr. v, camph. 3ij, fl. benzvin 9j, ess. faa gtt. xx, ess. bergam. gtt. xv, ol. lavand. Angl. gtt- xv.—7. The cake of eau d’ange made without citrons, beat it up with muc. of tragac. made with orange flower water q. s.—8. Bain llb., storax half a Ib., cinnam. half an oz., cloves 3ij, Provins roses 2 oz., calamus a stick ; beat up with muc. of tragacanth. made with rose and orange flower water. . Pastilles de roses & bruler, Cake of eau d’ange by decoction (taking out the citrons) 11b., rose petals fresh gathered a handful, mucilage of g. tragac. made with rose water q. s.; beat all to- er. : _ Pastilles communes a bruler, Bej.comm. 1\b., cloves half an oz., _ cinnam. 2 dr., calamus a stick, mucilage of tragac. q. s. Pastilles de Portugal. Cake of eau d’ange beat up with mue. of tragac. made with orange flower water ; then dissolye ambr. gris, _ *gt. xx, in eau de mille fleurs 3iij, and add this to the former. | SNUFF, _ While powdering the tobacco sift often, that the tobacco may _ not be beaten to too fine a powder; soak in three or four waters and strain, the last time with strong expression, then dry in the _ sun: moisten the snuff again with rose water, orange flower water, 472 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— or eau d’ange, which are the only waters fit for snuff; then dry, and repeat this perfuming again.—It being necessary that the dried leaves of tobacco should undergo some kind of fermentation to render them agreeable to smokers and snuff-takers, the best kinds are moistened with treacle and water during the process of drying. 'Tonca beans are put into snuff-boxes to scent the snuff: the leaves of Orchis fusca and those of several other species of orchides that have the scent of the Tonca bean, are used to scent snuff. French snuff is scented with the root of calamus aroma- ticus. , Tabac de cedrat.. Is perfumed by dropping the ess. into snuff. —T. de Bergamotte. The same.—7Z. de neroli. The same. Scented snuff must be kept in close vessels. T. parfumé aux fleurs. . Put orange flowers, jasmine, common or musk roses, or tuberoses, with the snuff, for a day and a night, and sift them out; repeat this as often as necessary. Snuff does not heat with the flowers.—2. Lay paper, pricked with a Jarge pin, between the flowers and snuff: this is better. T. musqué. Snuff scented to your pleasure 1lb., musk 20 gr., sugar q. s. to grind the musk; mix. I. en odeur de Malthe. Snuff scented with orange flowers 1]b., ambergr. 20 gr., civette 10 gr., sugar q. s. Ta la pointe d Espagne. Scented snuff aux fleurs lib., musk 20 gr., civette 6 gr., sugar q. s. T. ambre. Scented snuff aux fleurs 1b., ambergr. 24 gr. I’. en odeur de Rome. Snuff scented aux fleurs, ambergr. 20 gr., musk 6 gr., civette 5 gr., sugar q. s. Yellow snuff; Yellow ochre the size of an egg, add chalk to — lower the colour, grind with 4 dr. of oil of almonds till fine, then add water by degrees, and two spoonsful of mucil. of tragacant. till you have about a quart; mix this with purified snuff g. v.and — dry it; then grind some gum tragac. with some scented water, and moisten your snuff with it, and when dry, with a very fine sieve — sift out the colour that does not adhere to the snuff. Red snuff. Use red ochre. Tabac de Pongibou. Yellow snuff scented with orange flowers | llb., civette 12 gr., sugar q. s. to grind the civette to a powder, ess. of orange flowers 4 dr. Snuff will not bear more than this — quantity of essence without being greasy ; other essences may be used, the snuff being previously scented with the same odour. 1. fin, facond Espagne. Red snuff perfumed with flowers. ~— Cotours anp Conourine Powpers. 473 USED IN THE ARTS. . Venetian ceruss, Cerussa Veneta, Plumbum album. Flake white, cawk, ana p. xq. 7 Hamburgh white lead. Flake white 1 cwt., cawk 2 cwt. | Best Dutch white lead. Flake white 1 cwt., cawk 3 ewt. Common Dutch white lead. Flake white 1 cwt., cawk 7 ewt. English white lead. Flake white reduced in price by chalk, infe- rior to the preceding. Ink powder. Green vitriol 1lb., galls 2lb., gum. Arab. 8 oz. : 2 oz. make a pint of ink.—2. Vitriol. calc. 5vj, pulv. g. Arab. ij, indigo 5ss, gallee, sacch. albi, ana 3iij ; mix. Grana sylvestria. A dry powder, with many small fragments of something that has been made into a dry uniform cake; it has only 1-6th of the colouring power of fine cochineal, and is in general about 1-8th of its price; it is probably composed of the white downy substance left by the wild cocci upon the plants on which they feed, along with fragments and dust of the insects them- selves, with perhaps some vegetable substance. Cochineal itself seems formerly to have been made into a paste and dried. Indian ink, Indicum, Atramentum Indicum. 'The best kind is made of real lamp black, procured by burning oil under shades, mixed up with glue made of an ass’s skin, to which is added a little musk ; astringent >j—ij, dissolved in water or wine, in he- morrhages, also stomachic.—2. Russian lamp black made up with lue.—3. Honey 11b., yelk of eggs no. 2, gum. Arab. half an oz., mp black q. s.; beat into a mass.—4. Horse beans burnt per- feetly black, ground fine, and made up into sticks with gum water ; is very inferior to the others.—5. Seed lac 3} 5ij, borax 9j, aque 3iiij : lamp black q. s. to form into cakes. Lump archel, Tournesol en pains, Laccacerulea, Lacmus tinctorius. Prepared from Canary archel, ground archel, and some other lichens, by reducing them to powder, adding half as much pearl _ ashes, and moistening the Shite with urine or bone spirit ; a small rtion of lime is then added, and the archel cut into cubes dried. Litmus, Lacmus tinctorius albo-ceruleus. Like the former, with _ a large proportion of whiting at the end, which renders it light _ blue; some add infusion of Brasil wood. Cudbear. Canary archel soaked with urine or bone spirit, and ound to powder. All are used in dyeing violet colours, which, 1owever, do not stand well; also as very delicate tests for acids 474 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS.— and alkalies, the infusion or tincture being reddened by acids, and rendered green by alkalies. Florey black, Florée Inde. The dried scumof the dyer’s woad bath, which is prepared by diluting woad with water, adding some slaked lime, and keeping the liquor warm when it ferments and throws up a blue froth. It is remarkable, that although the fer- mented bath is red, cloth dipped in it comes out of a green colour, which turns, as it dries, to a blue. Florence lake, Lacca Florentina. Pearl ashes 1 oz. 3iv, water q: s., dissolve; alum. Rom. 2 oz. 3iv, water q. s., dissolve : filter both solutions, and add the first to the alum solution while warm, strain, mix the sediment upon the strainer with the first coarse residuum obtained in boiling cochineal with alum for making car- mine, and dryit. This lakeis an excellent glazing colour ground with linseed oil, and used with drying oil; having little body it may be mixed with Indian red. Drop lake, Lacca in globulis. Make a magistery of alum, as in making Florence lake ; boil Brasil dust 1 oz. 3iv, in water 3 pints ; strain, add the magistery or sediment of alum to the strained liquor, stir it well, let it settle, and dry the sediment in small lumps. Fine madder lake, Lacca columbina. Dutch grappe madder, (that is, madder root ground between two millstones a small dis- tance apart, as in grinding pear] or French barley, so that only the bark, which contains the most colour, is reduced to powder, and the central woody part of the root left) 2 o2z., tie it up in a cloth, beat it in a pint of water in a stone mortar, repeat with fresh water, in general 5 pints will take out all the colour, boil, add alum 1 oz., dissolved in a pint of water, then add oil of tartar 1 02. and a half, wash the sediment, and dry; produces half an oz. Lace lake, Lac colour, East Indian cochineal. Fresh stick lac, boil in water impregnated with subcarbonate of soda, and add a solution of alum, which throws down the lake equal to 1-5th of the lac. It requires about four times the quantity to produce a dye equal to cochineal. Lac dye. Preparation unknown, softens in water, and contains less colouring matter than lac lake. i Orange lake. Best Spanish annotto 4 oz., pearl ashes Lb., boil in 1 gall. of water for half an hour, strain, dissolve, alum 11b. and a half in water 1 gallon and a half, strain, and add the pa liquid as long as any sediment falls, strain, and dry the sediment. Red and purple lakes ma be prepared from red dulse, cochineal, and kermes berries, and yellow lake from turmeric, by boiling them — in water, or steeping them in spirit of wine, straining, mixing the b] i 4 CoLours AND CoLovurinG Powpers. 475 4 rte = of lead, oxide of tin, or Baume’s alum white, to furnish a body to the colour, and drying. ~ Iris green. Juice of the petals of blue flag, iris nostras, ground with quicklime. ~ Cork, Corker. Lichen omphalodes made up into balls; used to dye wool. _ Weld yellow. Fine whiting 4lb., water 4 pints, boil together ina a suiooth paste, add gradually alum half an oz. in fine powder. L il weld in water for a quarter of an hour, strain, and add the Daves to the pap of whiting and alum until the desired shade of colour is obtained ; pour into earthen pans, and dry on chalk : used by the paper-hanging makers. _ Brown pink. French berries 1b., fustic in chips half a Ib., pearl ashes 1lb., water 1} gall., boil in a tin or pewter caldron, strain through flannel while hot: dissolve alum 171b., in water 24 gall., pour it into the strained tincture as long as a sediment falls, wash the sediment, drain on paper or cloth and dry.—2. French berries 2lb,, water 2 gallons, boil for two hours, strain through flannel; add levigated soft part of the cuttle fish bone 14]b., eva- te in a water bath to a stiff consistence, grind on a stone, cut nto cakes and dry on a board, Isa fine Mit colour ground with linseed oil and used with drying oil. Dutch pink. Prepared from French berries in the same man- ner as brown pink, but turmeric is used instead of fustick, and whiting, starch, or white lead to give the body. It should be of a fine golden yellow and very bright. _ Schutt gelb. Prepared from birch leaves. English pink, Light pink. Prepared like Dutch pink, but with more whiting. Rose pink. Whiting coloured with a decoction of Brasil wood and pearl-ashes; very fine colour, but does not stand. Stone blue, Fig blue, Crown blue, Mecklenberg blue, Queen's blue, Indicum vulgare. Indigo reduced in price by adding starch.— 2. Indigo and whiting. Sap green. Juice of buckthorn berries, black alder, or of ever- green privet, 12 pints, lime water 8 pints, gum Arabic 6 0z.; eva- _ porate till quite thick, then pour into bladders. English verdigrise. Blue vitriol 24lb., white vitriol 16lb., sugar of lead 12\lb., alum 2lb.; all coarsely powdered, put in a pot over the fire, and stirred until they are united into a mass. Cake water colours. Extracts of colourcd flowers, or the usual colours made up with gum water and a little isinglass jelly, and put into greased moulds. 476 XII. CONSISTENT AND DRY COMPOUNDS. Crayons. Spermaceti 3 0z., boiling water 1 pint, add bone ashes finely ground lb., colouring matter, as ochre, &c. q. p. roll out the paste, and when half dry cut it in pipes.—2. Pipeclay, coloured with ochre, &c. q. p. make it a paste with ale wort. | Parolic cement, Universal cement. Curdle skim milk, press the whey out of it, break the curd into small pieces, and dry it until it becomes fit to grind, in a coffee mill, to a coarse powder; 100 oz. of fresh curd by drying is reduced to about 30. Take perfectly dried curd 10 02z., strong quicklime in powder 1 oz., camphire also powdered 9ij; mix, and fill wide-mouth ounce phials t erewith: to be kept carefully stopped. When used, mix with a little water, _and apply it quickly. Clothes powder. Pipeclay 1lb. 8 oz., pip. alb., amyli, ana 1 02z., rad. irid. Flor. 1 oz. 3iv, S. V. R. 2 oz. | Clothes ball. Pipeclay 2lb., Fullers’ earth, whiting, ana 4 oz., pip. alb. 2 0z., fel bovis 4 0z.; used for cleaning clothes. Breeches ball. Bath brick 1b., pipeclay 2lb., pumice stone powder 4 0z., ox gall 6 0z.; they ma be coloured with rose ‘pink, yellow ochre, umber, Irish slate, &c., to any desired shade. Essential salt of lemons. Crem. tart. 4.02., sal. acetoselle 8 oz., used to take iron moulds out of linen. Silvery boiling powder. White argol, common salt, alum, of each 1lb.: plate boiled in water with a little of this powder acquires a brilliant whiteness. Plate powder. . Hydrarg. c. cretse 1 02z., crete PP 4 02.—2. Polisher’s putty, corn. cerv. ust. ana 8 oz., whiting 1Ib. Silvering powder. Silver dust gr. xv—xx, cream’ of tartar, com- mon salt, ana 3ij, alum 3ss.—2. Silver dust 3ss, common salt, sal ammoniac, ana 3ij, corros. sublimate 3}; make into a paste with water: used to silver copper, which is to be cleaned by boiling with argol and alum, then rub it with either of these powders, and polish with soft leather. ‘ J 477 XII. OILY OR GREASY COMPOUNDS. COMPOUND OILS. FOR MEDICAL USE. OIL OF ROSES BY INFUSION, Oleum rosaceum, Ol. rose. Rose petals, not fully blown, picked, heeled, and beat to a pulp, 4 oz., olive oil 1 pint ; expose to the sun for a week, press out the oil, repeat the insolation with fresh roses twice more, then leave the __ Toses in the oil for use. : OIL OF CAMOMILE BY INFUSION, Oleum chamemelinum. From the flowers, as that of roses ; used in sprains. Ow or Sr. Jonn’s wort, Oleum hyperici, Bals. hyp. simp. Flor. hyper. Ziv, ol. olivee lb. ij ; infuse till the oil is well coloured. __ B. hyp. fact. Ol. viride, rendered paler by adding rape oil.— 2. Ol. mS comm. | gall., rad. anchuse 8 oz ; vulnerary. | | OIL OF WHITE LILIES, Oleumliliorum. As oilof roses ; emol- lient: Ol. oliv. is usually sold for it. Oi oF EARTH worms, Oleum lumbricorum.. Lumb. terr: Ib. ss, ol. oliv. lb. ij, vini albi lb. ss ; boil till the wine is consumed, then press. Ox. v. Fact. Ol. olive com., ol. lini, ana Ib. }. _ OI oF ELDER FLoweRs, Oleum sambucinum. FI. sambuci Ib. j, ol. oliv. Ib. ij; boil till crisp, press out the oil, and let it settle: emollient. GREEN ELDER o1L, Ol. sambuci viride. Elder leaves, fresh, lb. j, olive oil 2 pints, boil till the leaves are crisp, press out the oil, and put it on the fire again until it acquires a fine green colour. Exeter oi, Ol. Excestrense. lJ. viride |b. xvj; euphorb. - sinapeos, - castor, pyrethri, of each 5 }. Oi or mucizaces, Ol. ¢ mucilaginilus. Rad. altheee rec. __ Ib. ss, sem. lini, sem. foeni Greeci, ana 31ij, aquee |b. ij ; boil for half an hour, add ol. olive lb. iv, continue boiling till the water is nearly consumed, pour off the oi].—2. Rad. althaee rec. 41b., sem. _ feenugr., sem. lini, ana 2lb., a mixture of common olive oil, sperm oil, and seal oil, in equal parts, 4 galls.—3. Sem. foenugr. 8 oz., ol, lini 2 pints ; infuse for a week, strain: very emollient. 478 XII. OILY COMPOUNDS.— GREEN oIL, Ol. viride. Fol. lauri, fol. rute, fol. majoran., fol. absinth. mar., fol. chamzemeli, all fresh, ana 311], ol. oliv. lb. 4j ; boil till crisp, press out the oil and let it settle ; emollient. Or. oF scorpions, Ol. scorpionum. Live scorpions, no. 30, ol. amygd. lb. ij ; expose to the sun for forty days: centipedes are usually substituted for scorpions, as being more easily procurable ; externally emollient, internally diaphoretie, occasioning a prickly heat on the skin. CAMPHORATED OIL, Linimentum camphoré, Ol. camphoratum. Camphore 3ss, ol. olivar. 31] ; dissolve: anodyne, discutient ; the only compound oil in the present pharmacopeeia, although all the preceding are in esteem with private practitioners. BaLsAM OF SULPHUR, Balsamum sulphuris simplex, Ol. sulphu- ratum, P. L. FI. sulph. giv, ol. olivee 3xvj. Ot. sutpHuratum, P. E. Fi. sulph. 3ij, ol. olive 3xvj ; dissolve.—2. Fl. sulph. 3lb., ol. lini 4 galls.; dissolve by boiling. BALsAMUM SULPHURIS BARBADENSE. Petroleum sulphiratum. Petrol. Bbd. 3xvj, fl. sulph. 3iij ; detergent to ulcers. Bats. suLpH. ANISATUM. Fl. sulph. 1 0z., ol. anisi 4 02. ; dissolve.—2. Bals. sulph. simp. scented with ol. anisi; pectoral, gtt. x to Xxx. Common Dutcu props, Bals. sulph. terebinthinatum. ¥'. sulph. 4 0z., ol. terebith. 8 oz.; dissolve.-—2. Bals. sulph. simp. 4 oz., ol, tereb. 1 pint; dissolve: diuretic, detergent. GUFSTONIAN EMBROCATION FoR RHEUMATISM. OJ. Oliv., ol. terebinth. ana 3jss, spir. vitrioli 511}. - Huite acostievr. Olive oil Ib. ss, bullocks’ apes bay leaves of each 4dr.; boil fifteen minutes, strain: for earach, a little on cotton to be put into the ear. TAayLOR’s REMEDY FOR DEAFNESS. OI. amygd. lb. j, rad. allii cont. 3ij, rad. alcannee 3ss ; infuse and strain. Lyncu’s EMBROCATION, Ol). olive scented with essential oils; and coloured with alkanet root. WHITEHEAD’s ESSENCE OF MUSTARD. Ol. terebinth., camph., spir. rosmarini, to which is added flour of mustard. RocHE’s EMBROCATION FOR THE HOOPING couGH. OJ. olive 3xvj, ol. succ. $viij, ol. caryoph. q. p. to scent it strongly. BatsamMum Sarurni, Sacch, Saturni 8 oz., ole terebinth. q. s.; dissolve, and pour off. MIXED OILS FOR SAL VOLATILE Drops, Olea mixta. Ess. berg., ess. limon. ana 3), ol. lavand. exot., ol. piment. ana 3ss. OLEUM ANISI REDUcTUM, OJ. anisi 1lb., almond oil 8 oz., Compounn Os. 479 . ceti 1 oz., to make it candy in winter.—2. Ol. anisi 3lb., a olivee opt. 1b. OL. CARYOPHYLLORUM REDUCTUM. OJ. caryoph., ol. ricini ana q. p- BacsaMum PervuviaNum rEpuctuM. Bals. Peru. 31b., benz. 1lb., S. V. R. q. s. to give it a proper consistence. | - Bars. Pervv. ractitium. Bals. Tolu 6lb., gum. benz. 14Ib., S. V. R. 2 gall. BuryruM cer# Fractitium. Sperm. ceti, ol. amygd., ol. lateritii, ana Jb. j ; mix. Batsamum Copais® Rrepuctum. Bals. Copaib. 6lb., pale rape oil 2lb., resin. fl. 1lb.—2. Res. flav. 7lb. 8 oz., bals Copaibs 48lb., resin 2lb., rape oil 14lb.—3. Copaib. 12lb., resin 4lb., Genoa oil a gallon. SoLuTion oF copaiBA, Supposed to be Frank’s solution by Take 12 oz. of balsam of copaiba, and six of calcined esia, rub together, add a pint of proof spirit, filter, and then half an ounce of spirit of nitrous ether. Corarpa FactiTiA4. Nut oil 7z\b., res. fl. 2¢1b., ol. junip. 2 02.,. Bals. Canad. 20 oz., ol. sabine, ol. aurant. ana 1 oz.—2. Bals. Canad. 8lb., resin fl. 2lb., ol. lini 4lb., tereb. Ven. 2Ib. Ox. succint rEDuctUM. Ol. succin. lb. j, petrol. Bbd. Ib. ij. OL. RictyI REDUcTUM. OJ. ricini 8lb., ol. amygd. 2lb. BALSAMUM TEREBINTHIN® VULGARE. Res. nigra, ol. tereb. ana IIb. eat Baus. GILEADENSE FacTitiuM. Res. fl. 10lb., melt, and add tinct. benz. 2lb.; evaporate to a proper consistence, add ess, limon. 3lb.; ol. roris. 2lb., ol. carui 2lb. OL. LATERITIUM ¥aAcTITIUM. Ol). lini 1lb., ol. tereb. half a lb., ol. corn. cerv. 1 0z., petr. Bbd. 1 oz. OL. MENTH# PIPERITIS REDUCTUM. Ol, menth. pip. 3lb., S. V. R, 1lb. OL. ORIGANI REDUcTUM. OL. origani 7]b., ol. terebin. 2lb., petrol. Bbd. q. s. to colour it. Common o1t or verre, British oil, Ol. petre vulgare. Ol. _ tereb. 8 0z., petrol. Bbd. 4 0z., ol. rorism. 3iv.—2. Ol. tereb. dlb., asphalt. 12 oz., ol. lateritii 8 oz.—3. Ol. tereb. Slb., ol. laterit, ver. 8 oz, VETERINARY MEDICINES. Oil for quitters. Aqua fortis 3j, 8. V. R., ol. tereb., ana 3iij, ~ hydr. prec. rubr. 3ij. 480 XIII. OILY COMPOUNDS.— Embrocation for strains. Soft soap 1 oz., spir. of wine 4 oz., oil of rosemary and camphire of each 2 dr. ; mix.—2. Soft soap, elder flower ointment, spir. of wine, and oil of turpentine, of each 4 oz. ; mix. : Liquid blister. Span. flies 1 0z., boiling water half a pint; soak for a day and night, add spir. of wine 4 oz., corrosive subli- mate 1 dr., previously dissolved in 3 or 4 dr. of spirit of salt : may be either strained or used as it is.—2. Spir. of wine and liquid ammonia of each 2 0z., oil of turp., of origanum, or of rosemary, either of them 1 0z., Spanish flies powd. 6 dr. to 1 oz.; mix.— 3. Blistering plaister of the College 2 oz., rub it down with half an oz. to an oz. of oil of turp.—4. Sweet oil 3 oz., oil of turpen- tine 1 oz. powdered cantharides half an oz. ; mix. Ointment for spavins. Kuphorb. 1 0z., corros. subl. 3 j, arsenic. alb. 31), ol. origan. 1 oz., ol. lauri 4 oz. Liniment for thrushes and canker. 'Tar 4.0z.; melt and add spirit of salt 6 dr., verdigris 4 dr. ; mix. Oil for worms in dogs. Oil of turp. 4 dr., castor oil 1 oz.; mix for a dose: in strong dogs the oil of turp. may be given alone first, and three or four hours afterwards the castor oil. Oil of spike. Ol. tereb. coloured with rad. anchuse q: S— 2. Ol. tereb. 6 pints, petrol. Bbd. 4 oz., rad. anch. 2 0z.: used by farriers as a liniment. Mixed oils, Nine oils, Oleum ex omnibus. Train oil 23\b., ol. terebinth. 6]b., ol. lateritii, ol. succini, ana 1b.,,spir. vin. camph. 2lb., petrol. Bbd. 7lb., ol. vitrioli 2 oz. The oils. Ol. vitrioli, ol. terebinth., ol. olive comm., ana p. eeq. Newmarket oil. Ol. lini, ol. terebinth., ol. hyperici, ana 3]b., ol. vitrioli,1 oz. ; used in sprains, as also in lumbago and rheu- matism., Lord Stamford’s mixed oils. Ol. origani 6 oz., ol. terebinth. llb. 8 oz., S. V. R. 1lb. 2 0z., ol. chamem. or virid. 6lb., gum camphor. 3 oz. Taylor's mixed oils. Ol. absinthii 2lb., spir. vitriol: dule. 3lb., ol. origani veri 1b. Radley’s mized oils. Petrol. B. B.*8 0z., ol. lini, ol. terebith., of each 4 pints, ol. vitrioli 4 oz. ; add, when cold, ol. origani 1 oz. . Marshall's mized oils. Ol. lini, ol. olive, ana Ib. j, ol. virid., ol. tereb., ana Ib. ss, ol. vitrioli 5jss. M. Black oil. Ql. tereb. 4b., ol. vitrioli 8 oz., ol. rape 1 gall., ol. - Brit. 4 oz. Compounp OILs. 481 Darby's oil. Ol. succini, bals. sulph., petrol. Barb. ana p. eq. Mixture for bugs. Corros. sublimate 31}, S. V. R. 8 0z.; rub together, add ol. terebinth. 8 oz. PERFUMERY AND COSMETICS. Huile antique a la rose.—H. ant. @ la tuberose.—RH. ant. a la fleur Torange—H. ant. au jasmin. Oil of ben nuts, scented with the essences of the different flowers, gtt. xxx to Ib. j.—2. Olive oil scented the same; keeps the hair moist.—3. Mix the flowers with ground blanched bitter almonds, and then press for the oil; dries the hair. H. ant. a la violette. Oil of ben, olives, or almonds, scented with orrice, in the same manner as in making essence de jasmin, and then pressed out of the wool or cotton. H. ant. aux mille fleurs. Oil of ben or almonds, mixed with different essences to the fancy of the perfumer, but so that none shall predominate. H. ant. verté. Olive oil Ib. j, gum guaiacum 3); after some time strain, and scent to your pleasure. H. ant. rouge a la rose. Olive oil lb. j, alkanet root 3ss; strain, and add attar of roses 15 drops. Oil of roses. Attar of roses 38s, O. O. O. 8 02. Mueassar oil. Olive oil |b. j, oil of origanum 3). Oil for the toothach. lJ. terebinth. 3}, camph. 3i). Pomatum scent. )}. lavand. exot. 14 oz., ol. caryoph. ver. 1 0z., ol. origani 2 0z., gum benzoin 20 0z.—2. Ess. Bergam., ess. limon. ana 12 o7z., ol. caryoph., ol. origani, ana 3 oz., gum benzoin 20 oz. —3. Ess. Bergam. 1lb., ess. limon. 8 02z., ol. origan., ol. caryoph. ana 2 o72., ol. aurant. 1+ oz. | Scent for cowslip pomatum. Ess. Bergam. 1\b., ess. limon. half _ alb., ol. caryoph. 4 oz. | Scent for jonquille pomatum. Ess. Bergam., ess. limon. ana half a lb., ol. caryoph. 2 0z., ol. sassafras, my aurant. ana | oz. _ Seent for mille fleur pomatum. ¥ss. limon. 3 02z., ess. ambergris _ 402., ol. caryoph., ol. lavand. Angl., ana 2 oz. USED JN THE ARTS. Drying oil, Boiled oil, Oleum desiceativum. Nut or linseed oil 8lb., white lead dried, sacch. Saturni dried, vitrioli albi dried, ana 1 02., litharg. 12 0z.; boil slightly and scum until a pellicle is formed, then cool, and let it settle. —2. Linseed or nut oil 16 0z., litharge 1} 072., vitr. alb. 3iij ; boil.—3. Linseed or nut oil 16 07., litharge 3 or 4 0z.; boil.—4. Very old linseed or nut oil 16 0z., 11 482 XII. OILY COMPOUNDS.— litharge 3 or 4 oz.,; mix, and let it stand for some time, shaking it often, then pour off.—d5. Nut oil 2lb., water 3lb., vitr. albi 2 oz.; boil till nearly all the water is consumed, then expose to the sun for some time.—6. Oil, mix with snow or powdered ice, and keep it from thawing as long.as possible ; in two months the oil will have acquired the drying property: used to mix with colours to cause them to dry quickly. Painters’ cream. Nut oil 3 0z., mastich half an oz. ; dissolve, add sacch. Saturni 3 j, and then water gradually to the consistence of cream; used by painters to cover their work which they are obliged to leave for some time: when they begin again it is washed off with a wet sponge. Furniture varnish. White wax 8 oz., ol. terebinth. 1 pint. Picture varnish. Mastich 12 02., Scio turp. 2 oz. 3iv, camphire er. xxx, pounded glass 4 oz., oil of turpentine 3} pints; pour off the clear: used for oil paintings ——2. Japanner’s copal varnish 2lb., heat it, and pour it into a mixture of turpentine 12|b., and drying oil half a lb.: it dries slowly, but never chills. Gold varnish for leather. 'Turmeric, gamboge, ana gjss, oil of turpentine 2 pints, add seed lac, gum sandarac, ana 4 0z., dragon’s blood 3iv, turp. 2 0z., pounded glass 4 0z.; pour off the clear. Copal varnish. Oil of turpentine, thickened by keeping, 8 0z., copal 2% 0z.—2. Oil of turpentine 6 oz., oil of lavander 2 o2z., copal 1 oz. Japanner’s copal varnish. Copal 4lb., melt in a glass matrass till the water is evaporated, as will appear by the vapour con- densed on any cold substance dropping quietly to the bottom ; pour in boiling hot linseed oil 1 pint; take the matrass from the fire, and mix the varnish while hot with about its own weight of © oil of turpentine. Transparent japan for tin ware. Oil of turpentine 8 oz., oil of — lavander 6 0z., copal 2 oz., camphire 3 j. Le Blond’s varnish for prints. Balsam. Copaibe 4lb., copal in powder Ilb.; add by single ounces every day to the balsam, keeping it in a warm place, or the sun, stirring it often ; when all is dissolved add true Scio turpentine q. p. Sheldrake’s copal varnish, Ol. terebinth. rectif. veri 1 pint, spir. sal ammon. 2 oz.; mix, add copal in small pieces 2 oz. : stop the vessel with a cork cut in grooves, bring it quickly to boil, so that the bubbles may be counted as they rise, and keep it at that heat till the copal is dissolved: watch it constantly, for if the least stoppage or over-heating takes place, it is in vain to proceed: then 6 Te 4 ~ - Compounp OILs. 483 ~ Jea¥e the vessel till quite cold before you open it, otherwise the varnish will be blown out with violence. Varnish for coloured drawings. Canada balsam 1 07z., oil of ntine 2 oz.: size the drawings first with a jelly of isinglass, , when dry, apply the varnish, which will make them resem- ble oil paintings. ' Common turpentine varnish. Resin, flav. 3lb. 8 0z., ol. tereb. 1 gall.—2. OL. tereb., ol. spice, sang. dracon., ana Ib. j. | Italian varnish. Boil Scio turp. 8 oz. until it is brittle ; powder very fine, and dissolve in ol. tanith Mastic varnish. Gum mastic 4 o2z., ol. tereb. 2 pints. Oil varnish for common work. ‘Resin 3lb., turpentine 2lb., drying linseed oil 10 pints; dissolve by heating: if too thick, thin by a little oil of turpentine. Gold size. J. lini 16lb., asphalt. 2lb., brown umber 1]b., red lead Lib., turp. 8lb.—2. Gum anime, gum asphaltum, of each 1 oz., litharge, red lead, brown umber, of each half an oz., linseed oil 4 oz,, drying oil 8 oz. ; melt together, and strain. Japan gold size. Gum. ammon. 4 02., linseed oil 1 oz. ; dissolve by boiling, and thin by adding oil of turpentine. Sheldrahés oil for painting. Nut or oil 1 pint; boil, add ceruss. 2 agen tA add a saat ©? his copal varnish, previously warmed, and stir till the oil of turpentine is iy, aap gives more brightness than common drying oil, but less than var- nish; loses its drying quality in time, therefore only so much as is sufficient for a month or six weeks’ consumption should be made at once. Black japan for leather. Boiled linseed oil 1 gallon, burnt umber 8 oz., asphaltum 3 oz., boil, and add ol. terebinth. q. s.— 2. OL. tereb. 2 oz., shell lac 1 02., 8. V. R. 3iiij, bone black q. s. Varnish for grates, Brunswick black. Asphalt. comm. 4lb. ; melt, add ol. lini 2lb., ol. terebinth. 1 gall. Norfolk fluid for preserving leather. Linseed oil 3 pints, res. av. 4 oz., fir resin 2 oz., cer. flav. 120z.; melt, add neat’s foot ail 2 pints, ol. terebinth. 1 pint: to preserve and soften leather. Flexible varnish. Indian rubber dissolved in a sufficient quan- ity of petroleum, naphtha, or oil of coal tar; used for varnishing oons. Vernis Martin. Put Scio turpentine 4 0z. into a gallon stone pot on a clear fire, when fluid add 8 oz. finely powdered ‘yellow amber, in a quarter of an hour add copal in pieves 11b., io turp. and warm spirit of turp.. of each 4 oz, ; in half an hour ; 112 484 XIII. OILY COMPOUNDS.— add white resin 2 oz., keep it on the fire till it is as fluid as water, then take it off, and add of either nut, poppy, or linseed oil, hot, 24 o2z., give it a boil up, add hot turpentine 21b., boil up and add another lb. of hot turpentine, boil up, cool, and strain ; if too thick set the pot in warm water, and thin with spirit of turpentine: it grows better by age. | Meggellup. Mastich varnish 1lb., pale drying oil 2lb.: used by painters to apply their glazings with.—2. Turpentine, mastich varnish, linseed. oil mixed in various proportions. Amber varnish. Scio turpentine 8 oz., melt, add 1b. of pow- dered amber, keep on the fire half an hour, take it off, and add 2 oz. of white resin quite warm, add 1lb. of hot linseed or poppy oil; when cold, strain. - Hard amber varnish. Melted amber 4 0z., ol. lini 2 pints; boil until dissolved.—2. Melted amber 40z2., ol. lini and ol. tereb. of each 1 pint: the residuum left in distilling amber may be used. . Oil varnish for buildings. Wood tar 1 gall., tallow 1 0z., brown rosin 20z.; melt together.—2. Wood tar 1 gall., copperas in powder 2 oz. ; mix. | . 7 Prepared asphaltum. Melt Scio turp. 2 0z., add bruised — adjphiltaa’ 1 0z., take it off the fire, thin with spir. turp. 3 Wilson's prepared asphaltum. Bals. of Copaibse 2 0z., simmer, ¥ _ add bruised asphaltum 1 oz., take it off the fire and thin with — spir. of turp.: an excellent glazing colour. 3 Scouring drops, Essence vestimentale. Spir. of turp. and essence " of lemons, of each 1 oz. by measure : the oil must be fresh and the © essence newly made, or the essence of lemons will leave a circle _ round the spot. | | Oil of spike. OJ. tereb. 3 pints, ol. lavand. 1 pint: used by — enamellers to mix their colours. : Furniture oil, Oil stain, Mahogany stain. OJ. lini 1 gall., alkanet root 12 0z., rose pink 6 0z.—2. Linseed oil Ib. jss, resin 4 OZ. f >. Water proof liquid. Indian rubber 3j, ol. tereb. 6 oz., and add ol. lini 8 oz. wa a” ei SOAPS. - i = FOR MEDICAT. USE. AtMonp o1L soar, Sapo amygdalinus. Oil of almonds q. V.5_ lixivii saponarii 3 times as much, simmer together for some hours, until the oi] forms a jelly; when cooled, add common salt q.s., and” gis = ' « ‘ sd (4p Soaps. 485 continue the boiling until the soap is solid, when cooled skira it off the water and pour it into moulds.—2. Soap ley made of barilha or kelp (at 38 deg. Baume’s hydrom., or so strong that a bottle holding 8 oz. water will hold 11 of the ley) 2lb., oil of almonds 4lb.; rub them together in a mortar, and put the mixture in tin moulds for some weeks.—3. Ol. amygd. 7 pints, soap ley 13 pints, common salt q. s.; produces 11]b. Venice soap, White Castile soap, White Marseilles soap, Alicant Sapo, S. Venetus, Sapo albus Hispanicus, 8. Aloensis. From olive oil and barilha ; white : are aperient, diuretic, detergent, gr. x— 5ss, bis in die; also in calculous complaints, 3ss—3 } daily. Morrtiep Castit.e soap, Sapo Castilliensis marmoreus. From olive oil and barilha, white, with veins made by adding a solution __ of green vitriol to the soap; a detergent cosmetic. StaRkeEy's soap, Sapo tartari. Rub warm subcarb. of potash with oil of turpentine, adding a little water. _ Macaver’s acip soar, Sapo vitriolicus. Sapon. Ven. 4 02z., ol. vitrioli q. s.; add the acid by degrees to the soap rendered soft by a little water, continually rubbing the mass in a mortar ; detergent: used when alkalies would be prejudicial. Croton oi soap. Croton oil 3), aq. potasse 3ss, rub to- gether ; purgative, dose gr. ij or iij. VETERINARY MEDICINE. Sort soap, Green soap, Sapo viridis, Sapo mollis. From rape, linseed, and other seed oils, and a ley of potash; transparent, yellowish, with small seed-like lumps of tallow diffused through it: used externally. Brack soap, Sapo niger. From fresh oil and a ley of potash, without any tallow, dark coloured, ill smelling. 2. Soft soap 7lb., train oil 1lb., water 7 pints; boil together, add common ivory black q. s. to colour it: used in ointments by cattle doctors. PERFUMERY AND COSMETIUS.- Shaving paste. White wax, sperm. ceti, almond oil, of each 3}; melt, and while warm beat up with rose water q.s., and add a square of Windsor soap. Transparent rg Dissolve almond soap in spirit of wine, filter, and distil off the spirit.—2. Soft soap 14lb., dry and dis- solve in S. V. R. 2 gall., succ. lim. 18 oz. ; scent ad libitum. White wash balls. a alb. 6lb., amyli 3lb., aq. rose 8 oz., aq. rorismar. 4 0z., camphoree 3iv, species odorifer. 2 oz. —2, Sap. 486 XIil. OILY COMPOUNDS.—: alb. Hisp. 1lb., aq. rosar. 3 pints, album. ovor. no. ij, aq. kali ppi. 1 oz.; boil till hard again, add ol. lign. rhod. 3j, ol. caryoph- gtt. x, ess. jasmin. 3}, ess. neroli 3ss, and form into squares.— 3. White soap 5lb., rad. irid. Flor. 4 0z., amyli 3 0z., styrac. ealam. 1 02., aq. rosar. q. s.—4. Sap. alb. Hisp. llb., almonds blanched, beat up into a paste with rose water and orange flower water 3 0z., oxid. bismuthi 3 j, kali ppi. 31), moschi gr. vj, zibethi gr. iij, ol. lign. rhodii 9), ess. jasmin. 3 j.—5. White soap, starch, of each lib., ess. limon. 3iv, aq. rosar. 8 oz.; make into balls of 33 oz. each. Cream balls. White curd soap 7lb., amyli 1lb., water q. s. = beat it together, weigh into ounce balls, and roll in pulv. amyli. ted mottled wash balls. Cut white soap into small square pieces, roll them in powdered common bole, and squeeze the pieces together into balls, without mixing them more than is necessary. Blue mottled wash balls. Tn like manner, rolling the pieces in powder blue. Purified soap. Cut a cake of soap small, add 5 or 6 quarts-of water ; heat, stir, pour into pans, and leave it to grow hard, cut it~ very small, let it dry as hard as wood; pour on it brandy, adding alittle salt, and turn the pieces over and over to moisten them equally ; then dry it again. | Les meilleures savonettes de Bologne. Sav. de Bol. 3 packets, soften with eau d’ange, add French milk of roses 8 pints; divide it Into two, to each of which add 2 oz. of bals. of Peru, a thread of neroli, a good handful of a powder composed of 1-3d poudre fine a la Mareschale, 1-3d of elecampane root powdered, 1-3d Jabdanum, and a gallon of musked eau d’ange. If savonettes de la pate de Bologne cannot be procured, use — Alb. of purified soap in the place of each packet; and for the poudre composée you may use the cake of eau d’ange ground very fine. ‘The musked eau d’ange is made of eau d’ange 4 pints, rose water the same quantity, musk 3)j. Savonettes fines de Bologne. 'Three packets of savon. com. de Bologne, soften with eau d’ange for 2 or 3 days; beat it well to get out the lumps, then part it in two. To one part of your soap add a good handful of powd. labdanum, sifted very fine, balsam of Peru half an oz., a thread of ess. of neroli, 8 pints of musked eau d’ange ; mix well together : do the same with the other parcel Semmes , << ey) nee a ~*~ ee a Ser a 2 Sate py te oe ‘ E. hydrargyri, P.L. Diachyl.simpl. lb.j, argent. vivi 3iij, sami sulph. simpl. 3}, or q. s. 2. Diachyl. simpl. 24lb., argent. vivi 3lb., ung. mercur. for- ioris q. s. to divide the quicksilver ; discutient : used to indolent tumours, Empt. nyprarcyri, P.E. Diachyl. simpl. lb. iv, argent. vivi Ib. iij, ol. oliv., resinz fl. ana Ib. j. Empt. DE Min10. Minii 3ix, ol. rosat. Ib. jss, aceti Zvj. Empl. e minio. Minii lb. ijss, ol. oliv. lb. iiij._ . e minio fuscum. Ol. oliv. 2ndi. 241b., minii 14lb., resine nig. 2lb.—2. Boil the red kind until it becomes brown. Oxycroceum, Empl. oxycroceum. Picis nigre, resine nig., cere fl. ana 3iv, tereb. Chie, galbani, gum. ammon., myrrhe, olibani, mastiches, ana 3} 3iij, croci 3ijss. | 2. Picis Burg. comm. 4lb., picis nig. 7lb., resinze fl. 6lb., tereb. Venet. 3lb., tereb. comm. 2lb., sang. dracon. 8 oz.; warm, dis- cutient. Soap pLAstER, Empl. de sapone. Ol. comm. lb. ij, minii Ib. j, sapon. Venet. lb. ss. Emp. &© sarone, EL. saponis, P. L. et D. Diachyl. simpl. lb. iij, sap. Ven. lb. ss. 2. Diachyl. simp]. 12lb., sapon. alb. 1lb.: discutient, to indo- lent tumours, also to defend the skin from the contact of air, clothes, or bandages. Empt. savonis, P. E. Empl. gummosi Ib. ij, diachyl. simpl. Ib. iiij, sap. Ven. lb. j. Pakacetsus’s PLASTER, Empl. stipticum. Ol. oliv. 3vj, cere fl. 3 jss, litharg. 3ivss, gum. ammon., bdellii, ana 38s, galbani 3yvj, opoponacis, ol. laurini, lap. calamin., aristol. longs, aristol. rot., myrrhz, thuris, ana 31), tereb. Chis 3 j. _ 2. Diachyl. simpl. 28lb., diachyl. c. gum. 2lb., canel. albe, gum. thuris, ana 1b. 80z. 306 XII. OILY COMPOUNDS.— STOMACH PLASTER, Empl. stomachicum, E. labdani. Labdani 3lij, thuris 3}, cinnam., ol. macis, ana 3ss, ol. menthee 3). 2. Labdani Ilb., cerze fl. 101b., ol. palmee 81b., resinze nig. d|b., picis Burg. 4lb., ol. macis per. expr. 2 o2., ol. carui Ziv, ol. menthee vulg. 3 jss. Emp. opi, P. L. 1809. Diachyl. simpl. Ib. j, thuris 3iij, opi duri 3ss. | Empl. opii, P. L. 1824. To the preceding add. aq. 3viij; anodyne, in rheumatism, and local pains. - Empt. aromaticum. Thuris 3iij, cere fl..3ss, cimnam. 3vj, ol. pimentz, ess. limon. ana 3ij ; applied to the stomach in indi- gestion. Empt. ass FeTip&. Diach. simpl., asse foetide, ana |b. ij, galbani, cerze fl. ana lb.j; applied to the navel in flatulence and hysterics. Empt. CALEFACIENS. Empl. cantharidis, P. D. Ib. j, picis Burgund. |b. vij; stimulant, more active than ursaate pitch alone, and yet seldom raises a blister. IssvE reas, Pisa pro fonticulis. Ceree fl. 1lb., rad. curcume 8 oz., rad. irid. Flor. 4 0z., tereb. Ven. q. s.; make into peas.— 2. Ceree fl. 6 oz., rad. irid. Flor. 2 0z., vermilion 4 0z., tereb. Ven. q- 8,3; form into peas.—3. Cere fl. 6 0z., serig. zris, rad. helleb. albi, ana 2 oz., cantharidum 1 0z., rad. irid. Flor. 1+ 0z., tereb. Ven. q. s.; this last is caustic, and will open issues itself; the others are used to put into issues that begin to close up, to keep them open longer. Factitious BEES’ wax, Cera flava factitia. Res. flav. 8lb., sevi ovill. 4lb., pulv. curcume 8 oz.; melt and strain ; when cold rub the cake with a little hair powder. SANGUIS DRACONIS FAcTITIUs. Resinze flav. 4lb., ol. olive 8 oz.: melt, add Venetian red and ground red sanders, of each 11b. LaBpaNuM FACTITIUM. Cere flav., adip. suil. ana 3yvj, eboris usti nigri Ziv. Resins. Perrosin, or galipot, 1 cwt., brown rosin 3 cwt., melt together, strain through straw, and pour it while hot into cold water. | Bra cras. ‘Tar, brown rosin, poix grasse melted together. | RESINE DE BouTIQuE. Perrosin, or galipot, melt with only — a small quantity of brown rosin, strain into cold water: a finer — article than the common resine. FOR VETERINARY MEDICINE. MELILOT PLASTER, Empl. de meliloto simplex. Resine fl. lb. f Wax. 507 viij, cere fl. lb. iv, sevi ovilli lb. ij, meliloti viridis, cut very small, Ib. v; melt, keep on the fire till the herb is crisp, strain. - Resine fi. 28lb., cere fi. 4lb., sevi meliloti 10Ib.: stimulant ; used in dressing blisters, but irritates more than basilicon; the strong smell of the melilot is disliked by most, but is required by farriers and some private practitioners. Empt. artrauEens. Resine fl., cere fl. ana |b. iij, sevi ovilli Ib. j—Empl. cere. Cere fl., sevi ovilli, ana |b. iij, resinz fl. Ib. }. Empt. stmeLex, E.cereum. Cere fl. lb. iij, sevi ovilli, resin fi. ana Ib. ij. PERFUMERY. Roll pomatum. Suet 5lb., white wax 8 oz., sperma ceti 2 oz., ol. lavand., ess. Bergam. ana 3iv.—2. Mutton suet 3lb., white wax 8 oz., ess. limon. q. p.—3. Suet 14lb., wax 4lb., scent 8 oz., benjamin powdered half an oz. _ Hard Mareschal pomatum. White wax 2\lb., suet 63\b., scent 4* 0z., Mareschal powder 6 oz. ; £ USED IN THE ARTS, Oil-colour cakes. Grind the colours first with oil of turpentine, and a varnish made of um mastich in powder 4 oz., dissolved without heat in a pint of oil of turpentine; let them dry, then heat a grinding stone, by putting a charcoal fire under it, grind the colours upon it, and add an ointment made by adding melted aceti ath. to a pint of poppy oil, take a piece of the proper size, make it into a ball, put this into a mould and press it. When these cakes are used, rub them down with poppy oil, oil of turpentine, or any other convenient vehicle. | Furniture balls. Ol. lini 1 pint, rad. anchusze 2 oz., heat toge- ther, strain, add cere fl. 18., resin fl. 2 oz. Red sealing wax. Gum lac 2lb., vermilion 4 oz., ol. tereb., ol. olive, ana 3.0z,; roll in cakes, and polish with a rag till quite ' cold.—2. Resinz fl. 6lb., shell lac 2lb., tereb. Venet. 2lb., bole 8 oz. Black sealing wax. As the red, using lamp black instead of vermilion, the coarsest lac and rough turpentine. French sealing waz. Shell lac 2lb., Ven. turp. 1lb., Chinese - vermilion 3lb., melt, and form into sticks 12 or 24 to the lb. _ Gold sealing waz. To a wax melted, and beginning to grow solid, stir in’gold colour tale. Marbled sealing wax. Melt each colour in a separate vessel, and just as they begin to grow solid mix together. Common sealing waz. Brown rosin 19 02., bees’ wax 1 0z., melt together. . 508 XIV. APPARATUS AND CHESTS. Soft sealing wax. Bees’ wax 4lb., Venice turpentine 1Ib., levig. bole suff. to give the requisite colour. Green soft wax. Colour with ppd. verdigris instead of bole: both are used for sealing official papers, and as a cement. Wax lute. Bees’ wax |b. j, melt and add linseed oil sufficient to render it pliable: used as a cement which can be easily re- moved. Seal engraver’s cement. Common rosin and brick dust; it grows harder every time it is melted, but always remains inferior to Botany Bay cement. Botany Bay cement. Yellow gum and brick dust of each p. zeq., used to cement china ware. Gilders’ wax. Cere fl. 1b. 8 02., erug. eris, vitrioli albi, ana 8 oz., colcothar. 2lb. 12 0z.; the dry species must. be powdered very fine: borac. 4 oz. may be added.—2. Cere fl. 15lb., colco- thar. 7lb., erug. zris, vitrioli albi, ana 3lb, 80z., borac. 8 0z.—3. Cere fl., colcothar. ana 4Ib., zrug. ris 2lb., borac., alum. usti, ana 2 oz.—4. Colcothar. 18lb., ceree fl. 10lb. 8 0z., zrug. ens, vitrioli albi, ana 3lb. 8 oz. Mummy, Mumia Egyptiaca. The mixed resinous mass with which the Egyptian corpses have been preserved : used as a good glazing colour, but it is long in drying. Callot’s hard varnish for etching. Add to the soft varnish more wax, so as to form a solid ball. Lingraver’s stopping out varnish, Petit vernis. Lamp black reduced to a thick consistence with spirit of turpentine. “Black ball. Bees’ wax 8 o%., tallow 1oz., gum Arab, 1oz., lamp black q. s.: used for blacking leather. XIV. APPARATUS AND CHESTS. IssuE PLAsTERS, Sparadrapum pro Pte cs Cere fl. lb. ss, minii tereb., Chia, ana 3iv, cinnab., rad. irid. Flor. ana 3 j, mosch. gr.iv; melted, spread upon linen, polished with a moistened calendering glass rubber, and lastly cut in small squares.—2. Diachyl. simpl. lb. j, rad. irid. Flor. 3}; spread, and polished. —3. Diachyl. simpl. 2lb., pic. Burg., sarcocollz, ana 4 0z., tereb. _comm. loz.; spread and polished. Corn prasters, Spar. viride. Cere fl. 2lb., pic. Burgund. 12 0z., tereb. comm. 6 0z., zerug. ppee. 3 oz. ; spread on cloth, cut and polished.—2. Bees’ wax 1 0z., rosin 2 dr., Venice turpentine, ’ blue vitriol, of each 4 dr., arsenic 3ss ; 4 XIV. APPARATUS AND CHESTS. 509 KENNEDY’s corN PLASTER. Cere fl. lb. j, tereb. Ven. 3ij, _ erug. zris 3} ; put 12 bits in each box. ‘Derensive rtasters, Spar. seu Tela Gualteri. Ol. oliv. Ib. ss, sevi ovill. siv, cere 3x, litharg., tereb. comm., « thuris, ‘ mastiches, ana 3ij, boli Armen. ppz. faring tritici, ana 3) : pour it, while liquid, upon cloth, and spread it: used for issues, and to keep on dressings. , ADHESIVE PLAsTERS, Strapping, Spar. adhesivum. Diachyl. 1lb., resinz fl. 4.0z., tereb. comm. half an oz., or in summer time | only 3ij; melt, pour upon cloth, and spread it rather thick : much used by surgeons to close the lips of wounds, and retain dressings. SPREAD DIACHYLON PLASTER, Spar. diachyli. Bovcies, Candele probatorie, Cereoli simplices. Catgut, of different thicknesses, dipped in emplastr. hydrargyri, and rolled up smooth upon a slab.—2. Pieces of old linen about a foot long, wide at one end,:and ‘tapering to the other, dipped in emplastr. hydrargyri, emplastr. saponis, or diachyl. simpl. and rolled up while the plaster is yet warm, upon a heated slab. ELasTIC GUM BOUGIES. ee dipped repeatedly in a solu- tion of elastic gum.or Indian rubber, in ether or naphtha, until a sufficient thickness of gum is deposited upon the catgut. Wuire sovcres. Cere fl. lb.j, sperm. ceti 5jij, cerusse acetat. 5v, spread upon cloth, cut in slips, and roll the spread side outwards. : Bext’s sovucies. Empl. litharg. Ziv, cer. fl. 5 jss, ol. olive 311). Exastic Gum catHEeTERS. al end | Gummi ex oryza, 168 peucedani, 158 pruni, 153 rubrum astr. 154 Senege, 152 Senegalense, 152 senica, 152 tragacantha, 153 Turicum, 152 ulmi, 158 vermiculatum, 153 resina acaroidis, 207 — asse fet. 154 — bubonis g. 155 — euphorbie, 155 — convoly. scam. 158 — ferule a, 154 — galbani, 155 — past. opop. 157 — scammonesa, 158, — juniperi, 205 Gum resins, 154 Gums, 152 Gungasir, 173 Gur’ ellu, 71 Gut, silk-worm, 147 Gutte Abbatis Ross, 410 fellis, 344 nigre, 368 vite, 400 Guttiferw, 110 Guy amadou, 189 INDEX. oe 147,473 | Gum agaty, 153 tiglia, 36 alouchi, 154 Granadilla, 116 ammoniac, 154 Granata, 86 anime, 204 Granilla, 147 Arabic, 152 Grape, 42, 111 Babul, 152 sugar, 150 Barbara, 152 vine, 111] Bdellium, 154 Graphites, 229 Bengal, 153 Grappe, 73 blue, 207 Grass, 18 Botany-bay, 207 | ginger, 18 British, 153 of Parnassus, 109 brown, 155 tree, 20 Canarium, 208 | Gratia Dei, ]11 cancame, 204 Gratiola, 50 chandra, 204 | Gravel root, 67 clove, 208 Graves, 216 copal, 204 Gravelle, 130 cumbi, 155 j Grease, 227, 216 East India, 153 Green, elastic, 214 bright, 501 elemi, 204 ; copper, 246 guaiacum, 205 ; iris, 475 hock, 155 { oyster, 8 hog, 208 pale, 501 ivy, 155 Prussian, 250 juniper, 206 sap, 475 ’ kino fac. 462 sauce, 118 kikekanumala, 204 in verditer, 247 kuteera, 153 4 Scheele’s, 247 manchineel, 208 7 Schweinfurt, 247 olampi, 206 weed, 95 opopanax, 157 Gregory's salt, 212 St. Helena, 152. Grewia, 1 sandarach, 206 Grias, 111 sassa, 156 Griffes de girofle, 87 Senegal, 152 Grits, 16° storax, 206 Grouts, 163 tragacanth, 153 Gromwell, 54 tree, 87 - uvaria, 208 Ground ivy, 47 yellow, 207 nuts, 96 Gummi aloes, 159 pine, 43, 48 ammoniacum, 153 Groundsel, 69 amygdale Persicw, 152 Gruan, 16 anime, 20 Gradum, 16 Arabicum, 152 Grutellum, 16 astrag, trag. 153 Guacharo, 141 caragna, 204 Guaco, 67 cedrinum, 208 Guaiacum, 93, 119 cerasi, 152 Gualtheria, 61 chanderros, 204 Guana, 142 chandetros, 204 Guarana, 208 elasticum, 214 Guarea, 112 flavum, N.S.W. 207 Guava, 85 galda, 154 Guenvina, 39 gutte gambie, 155 G 73 hedere, 155 Guiana almonds, 109 juniperi, 205, 206 Guiggiolana, 55 kino factitium, 462 Guilandina, 94 lycium, 161 Guilno, 18 olampi, 206 Guinea grains, 26 olive, 153 pods, 53 Orenburgense, 152 Guz, 181 Gypsophila, 117 Gypsum, 269 » H. Haddock, 143 Hematites, 237 Hamatoxylon, 94 Hevea, 37 Hair, 134 powder, 469 Halicacabum, 52 Haliotis, 145 Hams, 136, 140 Hanchinol, 88 Hard hack, 91 Hare, 139 bells, 22 Hare's ear, 82 foot, 96 gall, 179 Haricot, 97 Harmel, 119 Hart, 138 Hart’s tongue, 12 wort, 79, 81 Hartall, 228 Hartshorn, burnt, 267 red, 390 shavings, 138 034 Hasta regia, 22 Haustus acid. nit. co. 345 amm. acet. 345 bismuthi, 345 salinus, 345 — effervescens, 845 Hawkweed, 64 Haws, 88 Hawthorn, 88 Hazel, 30 Head matter, 140, 217 Heading for beer, 466 Heart’s ease, 116 Heaths, 60 Hedera, 48, 77 Hedycarya, 34 Hedycroa, 9] Hedysarum, 99 Helenium, 68 Helianthemum, 116 Helianthus, 71 Heliotropium, 36, 54 Helix, 145 Hell weed, 55 Helleboraster, 126 Hellebore, 21, 27, 125 Helleborine, 27 Helleborus, 125 Helmet flower, 126 Helminthocorton, 8 Helonias, 21 Helvella, 9 Helxine, 34 Hemerocallis, 2] Hemimeris, 50 - Hemionites, 12 Hemlock, 79, 80 Hemp, 34, 48 Henbane, 51 Henna, 88 § Hen’s foot, 82 Hepar antimonii, 227, 241 sulphuris, 225 ‘Hepatica, 11, 124 Heptaphyllum, 90 Heracleum, 81 Herb Bennet, 90 Christopher, 125 Gerard, 79 impious, 67 mastich, 47, 48 Paris, 23 Robert, 111 twopence, 45 Herba costa, 64 Doria, 68 Paris, 23 purgativa, 43 Sancti Petri, 81 Herbe capillares, 129 emollientes, 129 pro enemate, 129 pro fotu, 129 Herbe aux charpentiers, 43 INDEX. Herbe au Diable, 44 Herbs, preserving of, 2 capillary, 12, 129 emollient, 129 fomentation, 129 glyster, 129 Hermodactyles, 21 Hernandia, 40 Herniaria, 84 Herring, 144 Hesperidex, 112 Hesperitis, 107 Heuchera, 83 Hibiscus, 121 Hiccory, 102 Hides, 135 Hieracium, 64, 69 Hiera picra, 454 High taper, 50 Hind berry, 90 Hing, 154 Hippocastanum, 110 Hippocastanides, 110 Hippocras, 416 Hippocratea, 110 Hippocraticee, 110 Hippocrepis, 99 Hippoglossum, 24 Hippomane, 37 Hippophax, 38 Hippopotamus, 140 Hipposelinum, 79 Hips, 89 Hirundinaria, 57 Hirudo, 146 Hock, 316 Hog, 140 bezoar, 181 fennel gum, 158 gum-tree, 101 lice, 147 plum, 102 Hog’s-lard, 215 Holcus, 18 sugar, 150 Hollands, 171, 174 Holly, 23, 82, 103 coffee, 177 hock, 121 Holoschenos, 15 Holosteum, 117 Holostium, 44 Homo, 134 Hone, 268 wort, 80 Honesty, 107 Honey, 180 butter, 419 dew, 181 suckle, 77 of roses, 418 Hoofs, 135 Hop, 34, 48 Hopea, 59 Hordeum, 16, 17 Horehound, 49, 67 candied, 449 Hore-strange, 81 Horminum, 46 Horns, 138 stink, 9 Horse, 139 balls, 442. — cordial, 443 — diuretic, 444 fat, 216 — tail, 13, 29 tongue, 24 Hose fish, 145 Hound’s tongue, 54 Hovenia, 104 Huaco, 67 Huanuco, 75 Huile acoustique, 478 d’anis, 413 d’aspic, 192 de cade, 196 de cameline, 187 de colsa, 187 de copalme, 202 de Gabian, 220 de marmotte, 187 de navette, 187 d’ewillette, 186 @ooli, 188 d’orange, 190 de petit grain, 190 de raze, 195 de tain, 194 de vanille, 415 de Venus, 416 '| Huiles antiques, 481 liquereuses, 417 Humulas, 34 Hurr nut, 86 Hurtall, 228 Huts’ ellu, 71 Hyeenanche, 36 Hyacinth gum, 153. Hyacinthus, 22 Hydnoum, 9 Hydrargyrum, 231 acetatum, 257 calcinatum, 236 cum ereta, 457 cum magnesia, 457 muriatum, 257 — mite, 244 muriaticum corros. 257 nitratum rubrum, 236 nitrico-oxidum, 236 precipitat. album, 245 cum sulphure, 454 sulphur. rubrum. 229 — sulphuret. nig. 454 vitriolatum, 244 Hydrastis, 125 caine -drate de deut. de pot. 275 ; , Hydro-ferro-cyanate of Qui- nia, 290 of potash, 286 of potash ferruret, 286 Hydrogeton, 20 Hydriodate of iron, 250 of potash, 286 Hydrolapathum, 41 Hydromel vinosum, 320 Hydrophylax, 76 Hydrosulphate of am, 282 of lime, 280 of potash, 286 Hydrosulphuret of am. 282 Iberis, 108 Ibisens, 121 Icaco, 91 Ice plant, 85 Ichthyocolla, 144 Icica, 101, 204 Ictodes, 14 Ignatia, 58 Iguana, 142 Ikan, 128 Tlex, 103 llicidem, 103 Illecebra, 83 Illecebrum, 84 Illicium, 123 Imbricaria, 60 INDEX. Impatiens, 111 Imperatoria, 79 Imperial drink, 333 Incense, 205 Indian bread, 21 grass, 148 physic, 91 pickle, 139 shot, 26 spikenard, 18 tobacco, 63 Indicum, 169, 473, 474, 491, 493 Indigo, 98, 169 Indigofera, 98 Indrabovum, 147 Infusion of bark, 331 blue flag, 336 Brazil wood, 336 dahlia, 336 litmus, 336 logwood, 336 mallow, 336 nut galls, 336 periwinkle, 336 red cabbage, 336 > roses, 336 rhubarb, 332 turmeric, 336 Infusions, astringent, 333 cathartic, 333 diuretic, 333 stimulant, 334 strengthening, 334 Infusum anthemidis, 331 armoraci# com. 331 aurantii com. 331 berberis, 331 calami, 331 calumba, 331 caryophyll. 331 cascarilla, 331 catechu, 331 cinchone, 331 conii macul. 331 cusparia, 331 digitalis, 331 geutianw comp. 332 guaiaci com, 331 lini, 332 menthe comp. 332 quassiw, 352 rhatania, 333 rhei, 332 — alkal. 332 — borax, 332 rose, 332 sennm, 332 serpentar. co. 333 simaroube, 332 spigelia co, 333 tabaci, 332 tamarind, c. senna, 332 uve ursi, 333 535, Infusum valeriane, 332, 333 Inguinalis, 71 Injectio caust. lunaris, 345 — In! k, black, 363 cuttle fish, 178 Indian, 473 marking, 361, 363 nut, 86 red, 370 Inocarpus, 60 Inodium, 116 Insecta, 146 Intestines, 135 Inula, 68 Inulin, 167 Todas hydrargyri, 245 lodate of potash, 286 of quicksilver, 245 Iodine, 300 . Iodium, 300 ioduret of iron, 250 — of sulphur, 225 ' Ipecacuanha, 24, 57, 73, 91, 116 ” rf Tpo, 33 Ipomea, 55 Irides, 24 Tris, 25 coffee, 177 . Iron, 232 liquor, 256 pyrites, 228 wood, 76 wort, 48, 49 Isatis, 108 Isinglass, 144 Isis, 147 Iva, 48 Ivory, 139 Ivy, 77 J. Jaborand, 32 Jacaranda, 55 Jacea, 66 Jack in a box, 40 by the hedge, 107 al Jacob's ladder, 55 Jaggery, 150 Jalap, 54 Jalapium, 54 Jambos, 87 Jamgornas, 120 Jams, 420 Japan earth, 161 for leather, 483 transparent, 482 Japans hout. 128 (936 Jasione, 63 Jasmine, 59 Jasminex, 59 Jasminum, 59 Jatropha, 36 Jaune d'Italie, 263 Java almonds, 102 Jeea, 34 Jeffersonia, 105 Jellies, 337 from fruits, 410, 420 Jennever brandewyn, 174 Jeran, 196 Jesuits’ bark, 74, 99 Jews’ ear, 10 Job’s tears, 18 Jovar, 18 Jow, 16 Jubaba, 127 __ Judas tree, 95 Jugeoline, 55 Juglander, 102 Juglans, 102 Juice, citron, 160 »° hypocistus, 159 lemon, 160 orange, 160 refined, 452 Juices of plants, 158 Jujube, 104 Jujubes, 104 Julepum rosatum, 417 Jumble beads, 97 Juncen, 18 Juncus, 18 Juniper, 28 Juniperus, 28 Jussiea, 85 Justicia, 45 ~ Kachoo, 14 Kempferia, 25 Kaki, 60 Kale, 14 ‘Kali, 43 acetatum, 287 aeratum, 274 arsenicatum, 283 causticum, 275 — c. calee, 457 nitratum, 283 ppm. 274 —e, tart. 272 purum, 274 sulphuretum, 225 tartarisatum, 285 e tartaro, 272 vitriolatum, 284 Kalumb, 122 Knari nuts, 128 INDEX. Kaolin, 261 * + Karil, 120 Karoovelum pisin, 152 Katchup, 358 Keessari, 98 Kelp, 275 Kenkerig, 11 Kermes, 147 berries, 147 mineral, 227 Ki, 60 Kiffekil, 267 Kilirorum puttay, 127 Killoia, 267 Killow, 267 Kinakina, 74, 99 Kine, 134 King wood, 128 King’s spear, 22 yellow, 228 Kino, 174 Kirschenwasser, 174 Kishmish, 112 Knap weed, 66 Knawell, 84 Kneip, 173 Knot berry, 90 . Knot grass, 42, 84, 91 Knowltonia, 126 Keechlin’s liquid, 387 Kempferia, 25 Kola, 120 nut, 120 Koleho, 59 Koondee panei vellum, 150 Koondricum, 205 Koula, 112 Krameria, 99 Kullo charayum, 173 Kumarkuni, 153 Kunkirzud, 154 Kya putty tree, 86 L. Labdanum, 205 factitium, 506 spurium, 462 Labiate, 46 Laburnum, 96 Lablab, 97 Labrum Veneris, 72 Lac animantium, 179 white, 218, 219 insect, 147 spirit, 259 sulphuris, 225 Lacca, 219 cerulea, 473 columbina, 474 Florentina, 474 fluida, 362 Lacerta viridis, 236 Lacmus, 473 Lachryma, 18 Lacquer, 404 Lacryma Christi, 317 Lactuca, 64 Lactucarium, 155 Ladang, 148 Ladanum, 205 Ladies’ mantle, 89 smocks, 107 spur, 462 Lady bird, 147 cow, 147 Lady’s traces, 27 Lagoecia, 80 Lagopus, 96 Lake, drop, 474 Florence, 474 lac, 474 madder, 474 orange, 474 Lamb’s lettuce, 44 Laminz balenarum, 140 Lamium, 48 Lamp black, 224 oil seeds, 36 Lamprey, 143 Lampsana, 63 Lapathum, 41 Lapis Armenus, 246 bezoar, 181 — factitius, 462 calaminaris, 239 » calearius, 269 contrayerve, 455 divinus, 457 hematites, 238 Hibernicus, 269 hystricus, 181 infernalis, 275 Malaccensis, 181 manati, 140 medicamentosus, 457 ophthalmicus, 457 porcinus, 181 prunellx, 283 pumex, 268 septicus, 275, 457 Lappa, 65, 72 . Lapsana, 64 . Larch, 28 gum, 152 | Lard. oxygenised; 4950" Lardizabala, 122 Larix, 28 Larks spur, 126 Laserpitium, 81 Lathrea, 49 Lathyris, 35 Lathyrus, 98 Laudanum, 426 Abbé Rosseau, 410 Dutchman’s, 116 INDEX. ; 587 : Laudanum Ford's, 390 Letchicutty elley, 127 Linim. am. carbon, 372 liquid, 410 Lettuce, 64 — subcarb, 372 cydoniatum, 410 Leucogea, 267 Arcei, 488 liquid, Sydenham’s, 366 | Leucojum, 107 calcis, 345 — tartarisatum, 390 Levisticum, 8] camphore, 478 opiatum, 156 Levure, 176 — compos, 372 Lanraster, 40 Ley, soap, 277 depilatorium, 428 Laurel, 30, 59, 91, 110 Liane, 109, 122 hydrargyri, 495 : Laureola, 39 Libanus, 102 opii, 345 Lauri, 39, 49 Libidibi, 95 sapon. 396 ‘Laurocerasus, 91 Libby tree, 20 simplex, 494 Laurus, 24, 39 Lichen, 8, 10 terebinthing, 495 tinus, 77 gum, 153 tripharmacum, 490 Laut, 148 Ligna sudorifica, 130 volatile, 372 Lavender, 44 Lignum aloes, 37 Linkea, 39 British, 380 aquilinum, 37 Linnea, 77 | Lavendula, 46 aspalathi, 92 Linseed, 116 . Lavatera, 128 Brasiliense, 95 powder, 168 Laver, 7 Campechense, 94 oil cake, 168 Lawsonia, 88 colubrinum, 59 Linum, 116 : Lead, 232 hematoxyli, 94 Liqueur de Pressavin, 342 black, 229 nephriticum, 94 Liquid, bleaching,.284 ore, 229 pavanez, 36 boot top, 362 oxides of, 237 pterocarpi, 99 blister#480 red, 237 quassie, 119 colours, 362 saccharum, 258 rhodium, 95, 101, 128 copying, 174 tree, 512 Sanctum, 119 purifying, 281 white, 473 vite tree, 119 shaving, 402 «— Leaf gold, 230 Ligusticum, 81 soap, 357° ———— silver, 231 Ligustrum, 59 water-proof, 484 Leather, 136, 138 Lily, 21, 23, 56, 104 Liquids, watery, 311 oak, 10 Lilium, 21, 23 Liquidambar, 31 wood, 38 Limatura ferri, 232 Liquidambra, 202 : Leaves, park, 110 ferri ppe. 250 Liquiritia, 96 Lecania, 91 stanni, 233 Liquor aluminis, 341 Leccino, 9 Lime, 114, 120 ammoniacal, 278 Lecythis, 87 shell, 271 ammonis, 278 Ledum, 61 stone, 269 — acet. 282 Leech, 146 Limetta, 114 anodynus Hoffm, 378. Lecks, 22, 83 Limon, 114 antimonii tartar. 365 Lees of wine, burnt, 272 Limonium, 44 arsenicalis, 341 Leger, 318 Limonum cortex, 113 calcis, 271 Leguminose, 92 Linaria, 50 — muriatis, 281 Lemna, 28 Lincti extemporanei, 427 carbon, amm, 278 Lemnian earth, 264 Linctus acidi muriat, 427 cupr. ammon. 254 Lemon, 113, 115 demulcens, 427 ferri alkalini, 256 718 expectorans, 427 for fly in sheep, 356 juice, artificial, 370 oleosus, 427 fuming, 225 , 360 opiatus, 427 hydrargyri oxym. 541 for icing, 360 potassw nit. 427 morphii citrat. 352 portable, 467 stimulans, 427 opii sedativ, 351, 367 shrub, 416 Linden, 120 plumbi acet. 259 Lens, 27, 98 Linew, 116 — superac. 258 Lenticula, 17 Ling, 143 — acet. dil. 342 Lentils, 7, 98 Lingua cervina, 12 poppy, 335 Lentiscus, 102 Liniment, escharotic, 429 potassm, 274 Lentodon, 64 mustard, 429 — subcarb. 273 Leontopetalon, 104 soap, 396 probatorius, 314 Leonurus, 48 for supp. glands, 499 smoking, 297 Leopard's bane, 62 — thrushes, 460 subacet, lith, comp, 342 Lepidium, 108 Linimenta extemp. 343 subcarbon, ammon, 278 Leptospermum, 87 Linim. wruginis, 425 vol. corn. cerv. 277 Lepus, 139 album, 491 ce. calce, 279 Leskia, 12 — ammonia, 372 — ossiunt, 277 538 , Liquor waterproof, 363: ginci acet. 343 Liquorice, 94, 96, 151 refined, 452 Liquors, malt, 322 Liriodendron, 123 Lisbon wine, 317 Litharge, 237 Lithargyrus, 237 Lithospermum, 53 Litmus, 473 Litswa, 40 Lit schi, 109 Linta, 167 Live long, 83 Liver of antimony, 227, 241 of sulphur, 225 Liverwort, 10, 11 Lixivium, 150 saponarium, 274 Lizari, 72 Load-stone, 237 _ Loam, 266 founders’, 264 ™ Lobelia, 62 Lobeliacen, 62 Lobia, 97 Locker gowlons, 126 Locksoy, 168 Lodicea, 20 Logwood, 94 gum, 153 Lohoch pulmon. vulp. 425 Lohochs, 339 Loligo, 145 Lonchites, 12. London pride, 83 Lonicera, 77 Lontarus, 20 - Looban, 205 Loose strife, 45 Lopeza jaar, 127 Lora, 318 Loradilla, 12 Loranthex, 76 Loranthus, 76 ; Lotio acidi nitricl, 345 aluminis, 345 ammon. acet. 345 antiphlogistica, 341 evaporans astr. 34] Goulardii, 345. hydrarg. nig. 345 myrrhe, 345 nitro-muriatica, 341 oleosa, 34] opii, 345, 360 — salis ammoniaci, 345 saponacea, 357 vitrioli coer. 345 Lotion, Gowland’s, 341 of Prussic acid, 345 Lotions, 341, 356 astringent, 356, INDEX. Lotions, ferriers’, 356 for grease, 356 mange, 358 for strains, 356 Lotiones extempor. 34 Lotus, 95, 97, 104 Louse wort, 42 Lovage, 81 . opopanax, 157 Love apple, 52 Loxa, 74, 75 Lozenges, antimony, 447 cachou, 448 catechu, 448 Ching’s worm, 451 cinnamon, 448 clove, 448 cough, 447 emetic, 451 emetine, 451 ginger, 450 gum, 449 heartburn, 447 ipecacuanha, 449 magnesia, 449 marsh-mallow, 447 nitre, 496 nutmeg, 449 orrice, 449 pate de rose, 450 patirosa, 450 peppermint, 449 pectoral, 447, 450, 451; 467, 468 rhubarb, 450 saffron, 448 starch, 447 steel, 449 . sulphur, 450 Tolu, 450 vanilla, 450 violet, 449 zinc, 450 Lucerne, 96 Lujula, 111 Lunaria, 13, -107 Lunar caustic, 253 crystals, 253 Lung wort, 10, 54, 57, 69 Lungs, fox, 425 oak, 10 Lupine, 96 Lupinus, 96 Lupuline, 34 Lupulus, 34 Lupulinum, 34 Lute, wax, 508 Luteola, 109 Lychnis, 117 Lycoperdon, 8, 9 Lycopersicon, 52 Lycopodinex, 13 Lycopodium, 13 Lycopsis, 53 ‘Lycopus, 48 Lysimachia, 45, 49, 87 Lysimachiz, 44 Lythrum, 88 Lytte, 146 M. Macanet grains, 91 Macaw trees, 19 Mace, 39 Macis, 39 Mackaw fat, 188 Macrocneum, 73, 75 Mad wort, 48, 53 Madar, 57 Madder, 72, 73 Madeira, 316, 323 Madi, 71 Madia, 71 Madrepora, 147 Maduca, 60 Magisterium marcas. 242 opii, 426 Magistery of alum, 262 of bismuth, 242 of diaphor. antim. 240 of lap. calaminaris, 239 of opium, 426 Magnes. 237 arsenicalis, 228 Magnesia, 262 alba, 262 calcined, 262 Henry’s, 262 liquid, 314 nigra, 242 usta, 262 vitriolata, 281 Magnesie caustique, 262 Magnolia, 123 Magnoliacer, 123 Mahogany, 112 stain, 484 Maidenhair, 12 Maize, 17 Mala Armeniaca, 92 insana, 52 Persica, 92 Punica, 87 Malabar nut, 45 Malabathrum, 40 Malacca bean, 100 Malachite, 246 Malacorium, 87 Mallo, 120, 121 Malmsey, 317 Malpighia, 110 Malpighiacew, 110 Malt, 17,176 brandy, 174 liquors, 322 spirit, 171 Maltum, 17 if AT ed. Sell > Martagon, Marum, 47, 48, 52 Marvel of Peru, 44 Marygold, 69, 125 Mash cally, 97 Massicot, 237 Mast, beech, 30 Massoy bark, 127 Master wort, 81, 82 Mastich, 203, 205, 208 tree, 102 Matalista, 128 Matches for inst. light, 512 Mater perlarum, 145 INDEX. Materia perlata, 240 Matfellon, 66 Methuskea, 32 Matiére de Derosne, 212 Matricaria, 69 Matrisylva, 77 Matter, head, 141 small.pox, 510 vaccine, 510 Matters, glutinous, 214 Mattia, 51 Maudlin, 71 Mava, 60 butter, 188 Maw seed, 104 May, 88 apple, 105 weed, 70 Maycril, 143 Maydew, 312 Maytee, 96 Mead, 320 Meadow-sweet, 91 rue, 124 Meal bark tree, 27 Meals, resolvent, 129 Meat fruit, 33 Mecaxochitle, 32 Mechoocan, 54 Mechoacana, 54 Meconium, 156 Medeola, 24 Medicago, 96 Medium, 63 _ Medlar, 88 Medulla, 216 Meek rappe, 73 Meer schaum, 267 * . Meesia, 119 Meggellup, 494 Mel, 180 FEgyptiacum, 425 boracis, 425 canne, 149 helleboratum, 418 rose, 418 scillew, 411 solutivum, 425 subboracis, 425 ustum, 149 Melaina, 178 Melaleuca, 86 Melambo bark, 123 Melampodium, 125 Melampyrum, 49 Melandre, 143 Melasses, 149 spirit, 172 Melastoma, 87 Melastomem, 87 Meleagris, 141 Melia, 112 Meliacew, 112 Melicocca, 109 Melicone, 17 Melilot, 96 Melilotus, 96 Melissa, 47 Melittis, 47 Mellaghoo, 31 Melo, 62 Meloe, 146, 147 + Melon, 62 Melongena, 52 Menispermea, 122 Menispermum, 122 Mentha, 46 Menthastrum, 46 Menyanthes, 56 Mercurialis, 34, 42 Mercurius, 231 calcinatus, 236 corrosivus ruber, 236 — albus, 257 — sublim. 257 dulcis precip. 244 — sublimatus, 244 emeticus flavus, 244 precipitatus, 236 — albus, 245, 258 Mercury, 34, 42, 244 calcined, 236 fulminating, 245 white, 257 Merulias, 9 539 Mesembryanthemum, 85 Mespilus, 88 Metal, fusible, 233 Metals, 226 Metel, 51 Metheglin, 320 Methonica, 21 Metrosideros, 87 Meu, 79 Meum, 78 Mexico seeds, 35 Mezereon, 38 Mezereum, 38 Michelia, 123 Microcos, 120 Middlings, 165 Miglio, 17 Milabris, 146 Milfoil, 71 Milium, 17, 54 Milk, 179 almond, 339 elephant’s, 415 of roses, 357 of sulphur, 225 wort, 100 Mill mountain, 117 Millefolium, 71 Millepedes, 146 Millet, 17, 18 Milt waste, 12 540 Milzadella, 48 Mimosa, 92,93 * gum, 152 Mimusops, 60 Minium, 250 Mint, 46 Mioschilos, 41 Mirabilis, 44 Misseltoe, 76 Mistura alkalina anod. 346 ammon. acet. 346 ammoniaci, 346 — comp. 348 amygdale, 339 anodyna, 349 antacida, 349 antihysterica, 348 antispasmodica, 347 arsenicalis, 351 assefetidee, 346 — Millari, 346 bals. Peruv. 349 camphore, 346 carminativa, 346, 348 cathart. ammon. 351 cinchone aper. 351 conii comp. 351 cornu usti, 335 cosmetica, 346 cretew, 346 demulcens, 349 diaphoretica, 349 — anodyna, 349 diuretica, 348 diuret. et tonic, 348 _ emetica, 347 -emmenagoga, 349 expectorans, 349 febrifuga, 346 ferri composita, 346 guaiaci, 346 — alkal. 352 guaiaci ammon. 346 infus, uve ursi, 351 — — com. 351 moschi, 347 myrrhe, 351 narcotica, 347: olibani co. 351 pro diarrhea, 347 purgans, 348 refrigerans, 349 rhei com. 351 rhei comp. 346 roborans, 356 sedativa, 347 stimulans, 350 tartar, emet. 347 tonica, 350 Misture extemporanee, 345 Mithridatium, 421 Miva cydoniorum, 430 Mixture, astringent, 346 INDEX. Mixture of brucine, 850 infus. uve ursi, 351 for bugs, 481 of cyanure of pot. 350 of emetine, 350 of hydroc. of pot. 350 of Prussic acid, 350 — of strychnine, 350 Mixtures, watery, 341 Mochlique des Fr. de la Charité, 458 Mohair, 138 Moil water, 320 Mollinedia, 123 Mollipuffs, 9 Mollugo, 72 Mollusca, 145 Molueca grains, 35 Moly, 22 Mombin, 102 Momea, 151 Momordica, 62 Monarda, 48 Money wort, 45 Monkey, 134 bezoar, 181 Monk’s hood, 126 Monodon, 141 Monophyllon, 23 Moog, 97 Moon wort, 13, 107 Moorhunghy root, 94 Moot, 97 Morchella, 8 Morell, 8 Morhua, 17 Morinda, 76 Moringa, 94 Morochtos, 267 Morphia, 212 Morphine, 2)2 Morphium, 212 Morse, 140 Morsuli aceti, 447 aromatici, 447 citri, 449 stibii Kunkelii, 447 Morsus diaboli, 72 rane, 27 Mort a mouches, 235 Morus, 33 Moschatel, 83 Moschus, 138 fictitius, 221 in granis, 218 reductus, 428 in vesica, 138 Moss, 13 _ eup, Il dead man’s skull, 12 Iceland, 10 tree, 10 Mother of pearl, 145 Motor, 98 ae Tasty, Moule, 216 Mouse ear, 64, 192 tail, 125 Mousse de Corse, 8 Mousseron, 10 Moutarde a l’estragon, 430 Moxa, 70 Muchucunda, 121 Mucilage, 336 of flea-wort seeds, 333 Mucilago acaciee, 336 amyli, 336 g. Arab. 336 —tragacanth, 336 sem. cydon. 334 Mudar, 57 Muddi, 76 Mug wort, 70 Mugil, 144 Mugnaio, 10 Mukka, 17 Mulberry, 33 Mule, 139 Mullein, 48, 50 Mullet, 144 Multum, 161, 431 Mun, 338 Mummie, 134, 508 Mummy, 134, 508 Mungo, 97 Munjeet, 73 Murena, 144 Muretta, 57 Murex, 145 Murias ammoniacus, 281 ammonize, 28] — et ferri, 256 antimonii, 26U auri, 252 barytee, 280 calcis, 281 hydrargyri amm. 341 | —corrosivus, 557 hydr. protoxydi, 244 natricus, 287 _ sodey 287 — siccatus, 288 Mauriate of ammonia, 281 of barytes, 280 of gold, 252 of lead, 249 of lime, 281 of platinum, 252 of potash, 283 of soda, 287 of tin, 259 Musa, 25 Muse, 25 Musambrium, 161 | Musc, Kebardine, 138 “| Muscadell, 321 Musci, 12 wMuscle, 146 powder, 466 Mustum, 150 Mutella, 147 Mutton, 136 Maya, 146 Myagrum, 108 Myosotis, 53 Myosurus, 125 Myrica, 31 Myricez, 31 Mpristica, 39 Myristicx, 39 Myrobalani, 86, 129 Nard, 18, 72 _ INDEX. Nardus, 18, 72 Narwhal, 141 Nasturtium, 107, 108, 111 Natchenny, 17 Natre, 53 Natron, 275 ppm. 276 tartarisatum, 289 vitriolatum, 289 Nauclea, 73 Navel wort, 45, 83 Navette, 107 Navew, 107 Neat cattle, 134 Necklaces, anodyne, 510 Nectar, Vauxhall, 403 Nectarine, 92 Nees berry, 60 Nelumbium, 104 Nepenthes opiatum, 437 Nepeta, 47 Nephrodium, 13 Nerf de beeuf, 134 Nerium, 57 Neroli, 203 Nests, edible birds’, 181 Nettle, 31, 34, 48 Nicaragua wood, 95 Nickar, 94 Nickel, 235 Nicotiana, 51 Nidi esculenti, 181 Nigella, 126 Nightshade, 51, 52,85 Nihil album, 239 Nin sing, 80 Nipa palm, 19 Nipple wort, 63 Nisi, 80 Nitras, argenti, 253 hydrarg. am. nit, 245 potasse, 283 sodx, 289 Nitrate of barytes, 280 of lead, 259 of silver, 253 of soda, 289 Nitre fixed by metals, 275 Nitro-muriate of plat, 252 Nitrum, 283 carbon fix. 273 metal fixat. 275 vitriolatum, 284 Nod dG, 267 Noela-tali, 91 Nelenshena, 14 Noir d’ Allemagne, 224 animal, 223 decomposition, 223 d’ Espagne, 222 de Paris, 223 Nonatelia, 76 Nopalex, 84 Nostock, 8 541 Nuces aquatics, 85 behen, 94 cupressi, 28 Nummulari, 45 Nut, earth, 82 galls, 30 haugh, 82 hazel, 30 kipper, 82 pig, 82 Nutmeg, 39 Nuxahouai, 58 moschata, 39 vomica, 58 Nyctagenese, 44 Nyctago, 44 Nymphea, 56, 104 Nympheacem, 104 oO.” Oak, 30, 43, 100 Oats, 166 meal, 166 starch, 166 Ochnacee, 119 Ochra, 121, 265 plumbaria, 237 Ochre, 2638, 264, 265 Oculi cancrorum, 146 — Oculus Christi, 46 Ocymum, 47 Oehl, 187 (Billet, 117 (Enanthe, 80 (Enoplia, 194 (£nothera, 85 (Esypus, 216 Oglio del cédro, 191» Oke corn, 30 Okra, 121 Oil of acorns, 189 almonds, 183 amber, 221 amyris, protium, 189 animal, 220 anise seeds, 190 apricock, 186 argan, 186 argemone, 183 avocado pear, 188 balm, 192 Bapennah lamp, 187 barabee, 185 bastard saffron, 186 bays, 185, 188, 499 beech mast, 185 ben, 183 Bencoolen nut, 189 benjamin, 196 benne, 188 birch, 203 bitter almonds, ess. 189 _ black, 480 542 Oil boiled, 481 bones, 232 - boxwood, 209 bricks, 209 British, 479 bryonia, 200 buck wheat, 197 cabbage palm, 202 cacao, 196, 203 cajeput, 203 camellia, 196 camomile, 204, 495 camphire, 209 camphorated, 496 carappa, 196 caraway, 203 . cashew nut, 198 cassia, 204 castor, 199 cinnamon, 204 clary, 204 « cloves, 203 coal, 232 cocoa nut, 202 cornel, 196 cotton seed, 196 croton, 199 cucumber, 196 cumin, 204 Darby’s, 498 dill, 203 Dippel’s 232 drying, 499 ~~» earth worms, 477 . elder flowers, 477 > Exeter, 477. fish, 228 . furniture, 502 ‘ garden spurge, 1 gingelly, 200 ginger grass, 202 gingko, 197 green; 477, 478 ground pea, 196 guacharo, 227 hartshorn, 232 Oil and hartshorn, 372 hemp, 183 hemp nettle, 184 hops, 191 hutsella, 187 _hyssop, 191 Indian almond, 183 Jatropha, 184 Java almond, 183. kanari nut, 185 Krumholz, 195 kuteera, 187 kyaputty, 190 lavander, 192: “ . AJemon thyme, 194 linseed, 185 liver, 217 Macassar, 481 INDEX. Oil and mace, 185, 188, 497 — dist, 192 madi, 185 Malacca bean, 185 marjoram, 192 margosa, 188 mastich, 184, 203 milfoil, 193 mint, 193 mucilages, 477 mustard, 187 myrtle, 188 neat’s foot, 216 nerve, 216 nettle tree, 184 Newmarket, 480 nickar, 184 nut, 184 nutmeg, 193 olive, 186 palm, 188 pariridge berry, 19] penny royal, 193 — Virgin, 191 peppermint, 192 petre, 220, 479 physic nut, 184 pigeon, 216 pimento, 193 pinhoen. 184 pistachia, 185 poon nut, 187 poppy, 186 prepared residue, 501] for quitters, 479 radish seed, 187 raventsara, 193 rape, 187, 195 rhodium, 193 rhus. Jay. 185 rock, 220 roses, 193, 194, 477, 481 rosemary, 194 rosewort, 194 rue, 194 sage, 194 St. John’s wort, 477 salad, 185 Oil of salt, 302 sandal wood, 194 sassafras, 189 — nut, 189 savine, 194 scorpion, 478 shaving, 402 . Sheldrake’s, 483 soot, 196 _ spermaceti, 216 spike, i 434 star anise, 183, 190 stinking trefoil, 184 stone pine, 185 sulphur, by the bell, 308 sunflower, 184 Oil, sweet, 185, 187 tansey, 195 tar, 196 tartar, 273 tea seed, 187 thyme, 193, 195 for the tooth-ache, 481 train, 216 trichilia, 187 trotter, 216 turnep, 187 turpentine, 195 vernicia, 187 vitriol, 307, 310, 324 walnut, 184 wax, 220 whale, 216 wheat, 184 white lilies, 477 wine, 200 wood, 203 for worms, 480 wormweed, 191 wormwood, 189 yelk of eggs, 217 and bees’ wax, 494 bush, 35 aint the, 477 animal, 215 compound, 477 distilled vegetable, 195 essential, 189 fish, 217 mineral, 220 mixed, 460 — for sal, v. drops, 478 mucilaginous, 183 nine, 480 vegetable, 183 Ointment, blister, 491, 492, 493, 511 blue, 489 brimstone, 692 for cancer, 425 depilatory, 428 digestive, 498 Edinburgh, 495 elder, white, 490 Goulard’s, 494 green, 491 itch, 422, 496° — smelling, 425 Le Mort's, 495 marshmallow, 489 Mereurial, 489 Donovan’ 3, 489 pile, 493 red precipitate, 495 savine, 496 Spanish flies, 492 for spavins, 480 Singleton’s, 495 Smellome’s, 494 spermaceti, 491 white precipitate, 49] Ointments, astringent, 495 flower of, 504 for fistulas, 498 for horses, 497 for mange, 499 Ol, 14 Old wives tow, 12 Oldenlandia, 77 Olea, 59 mixta, 480 Oleinex, 59 Oleum abietis, 201 INDEX. Oleum coryli, 184 cunile, 191 eymini, 191 _ desiccativum, 481 Dippelii, 220 Excestrense, 477 fagi, 184 feniculi, 191 fuliginis, 196 Gualtherie, 191 hyperici, 477 hyssopi, 192 iridis, 192 jasmini, 192 jatrophee cure, 184 juglandis, 184 juniperi, 192 543 {Cleamghiocite, 193 pimpinelle, 193 — anisi, 190 pini, 195, 196 pulegii, 193 rape, 187 raphani, 200 ravenstara, 193 rhodiola, 194: ricini, 186 — red, 479 rosaceum, 477 rosx, 194, 477 rosmarini, 194 rute, 194 sabine, 194 salis, 302 ethereum, 200 ammoniatum, 372 amygdalarum, 183 amyg. amar. tether. 189 ~ anethi, 190 — stellati, 183, 190 anthemidis, 191 antimonii, 260 aurantiorum flor. 190 balsami, 201 chamemelinum, 477. chenopodii, 191 cicinum, 184 cinnamowi, 191 -citri, 191 chrysomelinum, 186 citri florum, 190 cocois buat. 188 — nucif. 189 completum, 185 corun cervi, 220 de kerva, 186 kervinum, 186 lateritium, 196 — fact. 479 lathyris, 187 lauri nobilis, 188 — sass, 194 laurinum, 185 lavandule, 192 e lingo rhodii, 193 liliorum, 477 limonis, 192 po lini, 185 lumbricorum, 495 macis, 185, b88, 192 marjoranze, 192 maturum, 185, 198 melaleucee, 190 melisse, ee menthe, T92 — piperite, 192 — piper. red. 497 millefolii, 193 monardz, 193 moschatw, 185 e mucilaginibus, 495 myristice expr. 165 myrti, essent. 193 narcissi, 193 nervinum, 216 nucis moschatw, 193 — pini, 185 nucists, 185 olivarum, 186 ex omnibus, 498 omphacinum, 186 origani, 206 — red, 479 ostium, 220 palma, 188 — liquidum, 186 papaveris, 186 petrm, 220 — vulgare, 479 petrolei, 220, 221 potroselini, 193 pichurim, 189 ; salvi, 194 sambuci viride, 477 sambucinum, 477 Sancte-Marie, 202 santali albi, 194 sassafras, 194 scorpionum, 478 serpylli, 194. sesami, 187 sinapis, 187 spice, 192 stechadis, 192 succini, 221 sulphuratum, 478 sulphuris p+ camp. a succini red, 479 teedee, 196 tanaceti, 195 tartari p. deliq. 273 templinum, 195 - terebinthing, 195 thymi, 195 tiglii, 187 vini, 200 viride, 478 e vitellis ovor. 217 vitrioli, 307, 309 Olibanum, brown, 205 in guttis, 205 pink, 205 vulgare, 206 Oliete, 186 Olive, 38, 59 tree gum, 153 Omphacium, 160 Onagraria, 85 Oncorhiza, 24 Oncns, 24 One berry, 23 blade, 23 Onion, 22 Oniscus, 146 Onobrichis, 99 Onions, 96 Onopordum, 66 Onosma, 54 Ophbioglossum, 13 544 Ophiorrhiza, 56 Ophioxylon, 57 Ophrys, 27 Opiate en poudre, 470 Opiatum antituberc. 428 Opium, 156 Anglicum, 157 colatum, 156 East Indian, 157° English, 157 Glaser’s, 426 Glauber’s, 426 Langelotte’s, 426 lettuce, 155 Neumann’s, 426 prep. with vinegar, 426 purificatum, 156, 209 purified, 156 Quercetan’s, 426 strained, 156 - Turcicum, 156 Opobalsamum, 200 Opocalpasum, 154 Opodeldoc, 396 Opopanax, 157 Opuntia, 84 Orache, 42 Orange, 87, 113 Orangeade for icing, 360 Orchides, 26 Orchis, 27 Orgeat, 340 ; Origanum, 47 Orleana, 203 Ormier, 145 Ornithogalon, 22 Ornithopus, 98 Orobanche, 50 Orobanchidex, 49 Orobus, 98 Orontium, 50 Orpiment, 228 Orpine, 83 Orrice, 24 Orror, 96 Oryza, 17 Ossa sepiee, 145 Osmunda, 13 Osteocolla, 269 Ostrea, 145 ~ Ostrich, 141 © - Osyris, 41 Otto of roses, 194 Ouvirandra, 209 Over munno, 276 Ovis, 136 Ovum gallinaceum, 141 Ox bezoar, 181 eye, 70 gall, 179, 361 lip, 45 tongue, 53 Oxalas potasse, 298 Oxalate of ammonia, 296 INDEX. Oxalis, 1] 1 Oxide of aluminum, 262 antimony, 239 of arsenic, 315 of bismuth, 242 of calcium, 269 of cobalt, 242 of gold, 235 of iron, 237 of lead, 237 of magnesium, 262 of quicksilver, 235 of tin, 238 of zinc, 239 Oxides metallic, 235 Oxyacantha, 104 Oxycedrus, 29 Oxycoccus, 61 Oxycroceum, 505 Oxydum antimonii, 239 antim. nitro. mur. 239 —c. sul. p. nit. pot. 241 vitrif. 241 arsenici, 302 auri ammon. 243 bismuth, 242 ferri, 237 hydrargyri ciner. 235 — nitricum, 236 — rubrum, 236 sulphuricum, 244 plumbi, 248 — semivitr. 237 stanni, 238 zinci, 239 en Oxymurias hydrarg. 2 potasse, 283 Oxymuriate of quicks. 257 of potash, 283 Oxylapathum, 41 Oxymel, 411 eruginis, 425 allii, 41 colchici, 411 e crem. tart. 41] scille, 411 simplex, 411 of squills, 411 Oxyphosphate of iron, 250 Oxyrrhodinum, 351 Oxysaccharum rubi Id. 417 Oyster, 145 powder, 466 Oysters, preserved, 466 Ozier, 29 bo Pachera, 121 Pacourina, 66 Paddy, 17 Peenee, 120 Peeonia, 125 Pagils, 45 Paint, flexible, 502 | Paints, fish-oil, 501 Pak fong, 235 Palisanten hout, 128 Balm, 19, 20 Palma, 19 Christi, 35 Palme, 19 Palmyra, 20 Pampelmus, 114 Panacea antimonii, 24] Mercurialis, 244 Panax, 48, 78 Pandanex, 27 Pandanus, 27 Panic, 17 Panicum, 17, 18 Pannay, vellum, 150 Pao aquila, 128 gaban, 100 Papaver, 105 Papaveraceee, 105 Papaw, 116 Paper, tracing, 512 waxed, 512 Papers, test, 511 Paretonium, 261 Paralysis, 45 Parfait amour, 415 Parfum pour parf, les autr. poudres, 469 Pariera, 297 Parietaria, 34 Paringhi sambrani, 205 Paris, 23 Parnassiex, 109 Paronychia, 83, 102 Parrot’s corn, 66 Parsley, 79, 81 pier, 89 Parsnep, 79, 80 sugar, 149 Parthenium, 69 Partridge berry, 61 Party gold, 230 Paspalum, 18 Pasque flower, 124 Passerina, 38 Passifiora, 116 Passiflorese, 116 Passion flower, 116 Pasta althwee, 452 amygdalina, 430 epispastica, 427 regia, 430 Paste, almond, 430 blacking,431 Chinese, 338 . for fistula, 425 flour, 338 German, 464 _ hard, 338 potato, 338 shaving, 485 Ward’s, 425 PAte arsenicale, 457 de dattes, 452 de gomme Arab. 451 de jujubes, 452 parfumée, 469 de réglisse, 452 de tussilage 4 l'anis, 450 Patience, 41 Pearls, 146 e INDEX. Pepper, Japan, 8 monkey, 122 Percarbure de fer, 229 Perchloride of quicks, 257 Perfoliata, 82 Pergulea, 58 Periclymenum, 77 Periploca, 58 Periwinkle, 58 Peroxide of antimony, 240 of iron, 238 of manganese, 242 of quicksilver, 236 of tin, 238 Per rosin, 206 Perry, 320 Persica, 92 Persicaria, 42 Persimmon, 60 Persoonia, 39 Persesquisulphate of iron, 256 Persulphate of iron, 245 Peruvian bark, 74, 75 Perygua, 77 Pes anserinus, 43 columbinus, 111 leporinus, 96 Petasites, 68 Petrol, 232 Petroleum, 220 sulphuratum, 478 Petromyzon, 142 Petroselinum, 80, 81 Petum, 51 Peucedanum, 81 Pewter, 232 Peziza, 10 Phalangium, 22 = * Phalaris, 17 Phallus, 9 Phaseolus, 97 Phasianellus, 145 Phasianus, 141 Pheasant’s eye, 125 Phillandrium, 79 Philadelphus, 87 Phillyrea, 59 Philonium, 421 Phlomis, 48 Phoca, 140 Phenix, 19 Phosphas ferri, 250 — tritoxidi, 250 hydrar. protox., 245 Quince, 290 sodee, 289 Phosphorus, 226 Phu, 72 Phyllanthus, 35 Phyllites, 12 NWN Phyllon, 34 Physalis, 52 Physeter, 141 Physic nut, 36 Phytelephas, 20 Phyteuma, 63 Phytolacca, 43 Picealilly, 130 Pickle, lemon, 358 for meats, 357 545 | Pick-tooth, Oriental, 82 Picramnia, 91 Picria, 50 Picris, 64 ; Picroxylon, 123 Piedra de porco, 181 Pierre divine, 474 a l’eau, 261 A rasoir, 282 d’italie, 281 Pig's flare, 140 Pigeons, 141 Pilchard, 144 Pilecorn, 16 Pilewort, 124 Pill, 16 blue, 437 Mercurial, 437 red, 438 Pills, 433 aloe, 434 analeptic, 438 anodyne, 437 antibilious, 434 | aromatic, 533 Barclay’s, 439 Belloste’s, 438 blne, 437 calomel, 438 . coloquintida, 434: common, 435 dinner, 439 Dixon’s, 439 East Indian, 437 extempore, 440 family, 434 female, 434 fetid, 434 Fothergill’s, 439 gamboge, 435 Hooper’s, 438 Keyser’s, 442 Lady Crespigny’s, 439 Lady Webster's, 439 Lockyer’s, 439 Matthews’s, 433 Mercurial, 437 night, 437 Peter's, 439 Plummer’s, 436 rhubarb, 435 Rudius’s, 436 Rufus’s, 435 Scott's, 438 — 546 Pills, Speediman’s, 439 Starkey’s, 439 storax, 437 Tanjore, 437 Ward’s antimonial, 434 worm, 442 Pilule ex aloe, 434 aloetice, 434 aloes et assze feet., 435 — c. colocynthide, 434 — compos. 434 —et myrrhe, 436 — c¢. zingib., 434 ante cibum, 439 anthelmintic, 440 argenti nit., 435 aromatice, 433 arsenici, 439 assee foetide comp., 435 astringentes, 440 balsamicee, 435 benedictee, 434 calomelanos, 439 cambogie compos., 435 cathartice, 440 cocci minores, 434 colocynth, 434 ex coloc. c. aloe, 434 colocynthidis comp., 450 communes, 435 conii, 440 diambre sine odor. 433 diaphoreticee, 441 diuretic, 441 e duobus, 434 - ecphractice, 434 emetice, 441 emmenagoge, 441 expectorantes, 441 extemporanesx, 440 ferri composite, 440 — cum myrrha, 440 feetidee, 434 galbani comp., 434 e gummi, 434 gummose, 434 de gutta gamandra, 435 hydragogee, 435 hydrarg¥ri, 437 — submuriatis, 438 comp., 438 Mathei, 438 mercuriales, 454 narcotice, 441 opiate, 487 ex opio, 437 de rhabarbaro, 435 Rudii, 436 Rufi, 436 saponaceee, 437 saponis compositee, 437 — c. opio, 437 e scilla, 440 scillae composite, 440 ~| Pisces, 143 INDEX. Pilule seille c. zingib., 440 scilliticee, 440 Starkei, 439 stimulantes, 442 stomachicee, 439 e styrace, 437 terebinthine, 440 Thebaicee, 437 tonicee, 442 Pilules de brucine, 435 deuto-iod. de Merc. 435 de proto-iod. de Merc., 435 avec l’oxide d’or, 435 de strychnine, 435 de veratine, 435 Pimenta, 86 Pimpernel, 44 Pimpinella, 78, 89 Pimple mool, 127 Pindars, 96 Pine, 28 apple, 21 nuts, 27 Pingnedo arsi, 215 viperee, 215 vitulina, 21 Pinguicula, 45 Pink, 56, 117 brown, 475 Dutch, 475 | dye, 357 English, 475 light, 475 root, 90 saucers, 467 Pinknea, 73° Pinna, 145 Pinus, 28 Piony, 125 Piper, 32, 53, 86, 118, 122 Cayenne, 465 nigr. tritum red., 461 Piperidex, 31 Piperine, 212 Piperitis, 108 Pipla more, 127 Pipperidges, 104 Piquette, 318 Pisa pro fonticulis, 506 Piscidia, 97 Pishamin, 60 Piss-a-bed, 65, 93 Pisseleon, 221 Pistachia, 102 Pistia, 27 Pisum, 98 Pitcairnia, 21 gum, 153 Pitch, 208 Burgundy, 206 Greek, 209 Jews’, 221 tree, 28 | Pitch, white, 206 Pittosporeee, 103 Pittosporum, 103 Pivoulade, 10 Pix abietina, 206 alba, 206 arida, 206, 208 atra, 208 Burgundica, 206 Greeca, 209 liquida, 195 navalis, 209 sicca, 208 Placenta amygdalw, 92 lini, 117, 168 Placus, 71 Plane-tree, 31 Planorbus, 145 Plant lice, 147 Plantagineze, 44 Plantago, 27, 44 Plantain, 25, 27, 44 Plants, parts of unknown, 126 Plaster, adhesive, 502 Baynton’s, 503 blistering, 503 cephalic, 503 court, 510 diachylon, spread, 509 melilot, 506 Mercurial, 505 Paracelsus’s, 505 of Paris, 269 soap, 505 sticking, 510 y stomach, 506 strengthening, 504 Plasters, 502 adhesive, 509 corn, 509 defensive, 509 issue, 508 Platanidese, 31 Platanus; 31 Platinum, salts of, 252 Plegorrhiza, 40 Pliant mealy tree, 77 Plum, 86, 91, 102 tree gum, 153 Plumbaginee, 44 Plumbago, 44, 229 Plumbum album, 473 nigrum, 229 ustum, 237 Podalyria, 95 Podophyllum, 105 Pods, castor, 139 * musk, 138 pepper, 53 Poinciana, 95 Pois queniques, 94 Poison-oak, 101 Poison, hyzena, 36 wooraroo, 203 4 be ———-— =--” —_—- _Poix de Bourgogne, 497 Poix grasse, 209 de jaune, 497 noir, 200 resine, 209 Poke weed, 43 Pole, 19 cat, 179 Polemonidee, 55 Polemonium, 55 Polish, French, 404 Polium, 49 Pollard, 15, 165 Poly, 49 Polyanthes, 24 Polycarpon, 84 Polychroite, 161 Poly mountain, 48, 49 Polypodium, 12 Polypody of the oak, 13 Pomambra, 470 Merc. 496 Viod. de zinc, 496 Pooda carapan puttay, 127 Poollughoo shuttum, 139 “Poon heer, 275 INDEX. Poon wood tree, 110 Poonag, 37 Pop, imperial, 322 Poplar, 29 Poppy, 105, 118 Populus, 29 Porc, 143 Porcelia, 123 Pork, 140 grease, 216 Porliera, 119 Porpoise, 141 Porrum, 22 Port, Southampton, 320 Porter, 322, 323 Portulaca, 42, 85 Portulacee, 85 4 Posca, 295 Post, 320 Potalia, 57 | Potamogeton, 14 Potash, 272, 273 caustic, 274, 275 ppd. w. aleohol, 274 Potassa, 275 ec. calee, 457 fusa, 275 impura, 272 Potasse, 272, 273 f Amérique, 277 bleues petites, 277 de N. Yorcke, 272 Potato, 47, 52, 55 slip, 55 farina, 167 flies, 146 flour, 167 spirit, 173 starch, 167 sugar, 151 tapioca, 167 Potée d’acier, 238 demery, 268 d’étain, 238 ’ Potentilla, 90 Potentiller, 90 Poterium, 89 Potestates, succini, 373 Pothos, 14 Potus imperialis, 334 uvarum sice. 336 Poudre A la Mareschale, 468 de Chipre, 468 clarifiante, 177 de fleurs d'orange, 468 de frangipane, 468 de jasmine, 468 de jonquille, 468 de lupuline, 457 de mur. d’or e. d. soude, 459 de roses, 468 Pondrette, 181 Poultices, veterinary, 452 NN 2 547 Pounce, 206 Pounce liquid, 361 Pouretia, 21 Powder, aer. soda, 460 absorbent, 463 of Algorath, 392 almond, 469 alterative, 463 antimonial, 242 arsenical, 463 astringent, 463 clothes, 476 cordial, 463 coriander, 466 crystal, 268 eurrie, 464 diaphoretic al. 464 diuretic, 463 Dover's, 456 D. of Portland’s, 458 E. of Warwick's, 453 fever, 255, 464 flint, 268 fly, 464 fulminating, 257 Gascoigne’s, 453, 455 gold, 230 _ green senna, 463 hair, 468 —~ ink, 473 James's, 242 Lady Kent's, 453 laxative, 464 mad dogs’, 454 mushrooms, 466 musk, 469 pearl, 468 for scent béxes, 467 ae 476 Jummer’ s alter. 453 purging, 464 rat, 464 roseate, 470 salop, 52 senna, 463 silvering, 476° silver boiling, 476 of tin, 233 tooth, 470 violet, 468 » whey, 467 Powders, ginger beer, 467 Dr. James's, 242 Seidlitz, 460 sodaic, 460 spruce beer, 467 veterinary, 463, 464 Precocia, 92 Prassium, 48 Precipitate, green, 236 per se, 236 purple, 235 red, 236 sweet, 244 # 548 Precipitate, white, 245 Precipitatum Cassii, 235 Prenanthes, 64 Preservative for the teeth, 402 Preserving, the modes of, 2 of animals, 131 Preventive, royal, 342 Prick madam, 83 wood, 103 Pride, 142 Primrose, 45, 85 Primula, 45 Prinos, 104 Privet, 59, 104 Procopum, 150 Propolis, 218 Prosopis, 100 Protex, 39 Proto-chlor. of Mere. 244 iodide of quicksilv. 245 iodure de Mercure, 245 nitrate of quicksilver, 258 phosphate of quicksilver, 245 sulph. of iron, 255 oxide of antimony, 239 — of iron, 237 — of lead, 237 — of quicksilver, 235 Pruna, 91 Prunella, 49 Prunelloes, 91 Prunus, 91 Prussiate of potash, triple 286 of iron, 250 of quicksilver, 258 Pseudacorus, 24 Pseudo brasilium, 91 cytisus, 96 rhabarbarum, 124 Psidium, 86 Psoralia, 96 Psychotria, 73 Psyllium, 44 Ptarmica, 71 Ptelea, 118 Pteris, 12 Ptisana communis, 336 Pterocarpus, 99 Puccoon, 105 Pulegium, 46 Pulicaria, 68 Pulmonaria, 10, 53, 54 Pulp of prunes, 151 Pulpa cassie, 151 colocynthidis fact. 463 prunorum, 151 — condita, 419 tamarindi, 15] Pulque, 21, 324 Pulsatilla, 124 Pulveres extemporanei, 453 INDEX. Pulvis alexipha. Sinen, 458 aloes, compos. 456 — c, canella, 454 — c. guaiaco, 456 aloeticus, 454 — c. ferro, 456 — c. guaiaco, 456 antacidus, 459 antilyssus, 454 antimonialis, 242 — factitius, 462 aperiens, 454 aromaticus, 453 asari comp. 453 balsamicus, 457 Basilicus, 456 bezoarticus, 453 ~ e bolo comp. 454 — c. opio, 455 calomel. c. digit. 456 calumbee comp. 458 camphoree, 455 carb. calcis comp. 454 catharticus, 459 cephalicus, 453 cerussee compos. 456 e. ch. cancr. c. 453, 455 cinchone c. soda, 453 cinnam. comp. 453 Com. Warwiciensis, 453 contrayerve c. 455 Cornachini, 453 cornu usti c. op. 456 crete comp. 454 — —cum opio, 455 cretaceus, 454 cum calom, 456 dentifricus, 470 diaphoreticus, 458, 460 diasene, 454 diaturpethi comp. 454 diureticus, 459 Ducis Portlandie, 458 emmenagogicus, 457 enule trit, red. 451 expectorans, 459 extr. Saturni, 259 hydr. ciner. 235 ipecac. compos. 456 — et opii, 456 jalape, 458 — comp. 454 glycyr, rad. trit. red. 461 kino comp. 455. lientericus, 457 manualis, 469 myrrhe comp. 455 opiatus, 456 plumbi, 232 purgans, 459 quercus mar. 223 - rhabarbari, 458 refrigerans, 459 rhei comp, 461 Pulvis, sabinee, 584 scamm. c. aloe, 456 — — calomelane, 456 — comp. 456 senne comp. 454 sodze comp, 460 stanni, 233 — factitius, 461 sternutatorius, 453 stypticus, 457 succini comp. 455 sudorificus, 461 — Doveri, 456 sulph. alum. comp. 457 tonicus, 458 tragacanthey, c. 454 de tribus, 457 Tunchinensis, 458 vermifugus, 458 Pumex, 268 Pumpion, 62 Punch, 361 shrub, 416 Punica, 87 Pundum, 203 Purging nuts, 36 Purple, Cassius’, 235 Purpura, 146 vegetabilis, 219 Purslane, 42, 85 Put chuck, 127 Puttay charayam, 173 Putty, glaziers’, 502 polishers’, 238 Quadria, 39 Quadrox. of Potash, 284 Quail, 1 41 Quass, 295 Quassia, 119 roasted, 177 Queen of the meadows, 91 Quercitron, 7, 30 Quercus, 30 Quick, 231 Quicken, 88 Quicksilver, 229, 231 alkalised, 456 Quills, 141 Quince, 88 © Quinine, 213 Quinoa, 43 Quinquefolium, 90. Quinquina, 74, 75 Quinsey berries, 84 Quintess. of anchovy, 357 . Quintess. of lemon-peel, 403 : | R. Rabbit, 139 Radices aperientes, 129 Radish, 94, 106, 108 Radix cureum. tr. red. 461 Columba, 122 ete tr. red. 461 Hebori nigri, 125 Indic. Lopez, 127 Phe ee —_— — a — — to ? varnish, 420 INDEX. Red, Venetian, 265 wood, 100 antimonii, 234 of antimony, 226, 234 of arsenic, 235 arsenici, 235 of cobalt, 234 Jovis, 234 Relish, Kitchener’s, 359 Rennet, 135, 142 whey, 179 Repasse, 170 Reptilia, 141 Reseda, 109 Resedacer, 109 Resina abietina, 201 abietis, 201, 206 — humida, 206 alba, 206 — humida, 206 aloes, 209 calami, 209 caryophyllorum, 208 chibou, 204 cort. Peruv. 209 flava, 209 guaiaci, 205, 209 jalape, 209 laricis, 201 lentiscina, 205 ligustici, 208 liq. copaiferw, 201 — pini bals. 201 — — lar. 201 nigra, 209 ce 201, 206 comm, 206 — nativa, 206 — ol, vol. dep. 209 pistacia 1. 205 pterocarpi dr. 206 scammonii, 209 strobilina, 201 succini, 221 terebinthi, 201 turpethi, 209 Resine, 506 Resins, animal, 218 Rest harrow, 96 Reveille matin, 35 Reviver, black, 385 Rhabarbarum, 41 Rhamnus, 104 Rhapontic, 41, 66 Rhaponticum, 41, 66 Rhatania, 100 Rheum, 41 549 Rhenish, 316 Rhinanthus, 49 Rhizobolus, 109 Rhizophora, 76 Rhodia, 83 Rhodiola, 83 Rhododendron, 61 Rhoeas, 105 Rhubarb, 41, 124 Rhubarbe, 4, 66 Rhus, 101 Rib grass, 44 wort, 44 Ribes, 84 Ribesia, 84 Rice, 17 coffee, 176, 177 paper, 127 : Riche’s support, 61 Ricinus, 35 Rindera, 57 Ring-worm bush, 94 Rinuzzo, 9 River-horse, 140 weed, 8 Rivinia, 43 Roach, 145 Roan, "88 Rob. bac. samb. 152, 436 bl. currant, 152 berberidis, 435 cerasi, 435 de cornis, 435 cydonior, 435 dyacaryon, 160, 424 diamorum, 434 elderberry, 152, 436 prunorum, 436 ribes, 152, 436 Robinia, 97 Robinsonia, 37 Rocambole, 32 Rocella, 11 Rochetta Alexand. 289, 290 Rocket, 107, 108, 109 Rood caliatour hout, 99 eben hout, 128 Englischer, 277 hout, 99 Root of scarcity, 42 Roots, 127 opening, 129 preserving of, 12 Roquette, 289, 290 Rosa, 89, 109 mala, 29 Rosacem, 89 Rose, 38, 54, 57, 77, 89, 125 Rose Bay, 57 Rosella, 109 550 ' Rosemary, 38, 44, 46, 64 Rose roof, 83 wood, 53, 54, 55, 95, 101 wort, 83 Rosetti, 8 Rosin of aloes, 209 augia, 209 Barbadoes. cedar, 208 black, 209 brown, 209 bursera, 208 calamus, 209 coumia, 208 escallonia, 208 fir, 206 guaiacum, 209 jalap, 209 Jamaica birch, 204 kina-kina, 208 lovage, 208 mombin, 208 Moschat, 204 native, 206 New Zealand, 208 sandal, 208 ' scammony, 209 tabernem. 208 turbith, 209 varnish, 207 volkameria, 208 white, 206 yellow, 209 Rosins, animal, 218 Ros majalis, 312 melleus, 181 Solis, 109 Rosmarinus, 46 Rossalis de six gr. 414 Rottleria, 37 Rouge, 467 d’Angleterre, 238 d’ Espagne, 467 Indienne, 265 Jeweller’s, 238 liquid, 357 de Prusse, 263 vert d’Athénes, 467 Rough hound, 143 Rousette, 143 Rubber, Indian, 214 Rubia, 72 Rubiacex, 72 Rubigo chalybis, 250 ferri, 250 Rubrica fabrilis, 265 Rubus, 90 Ruby-blende, 229 Ruddle, 265 Rue, 12, 98, 119, 124 Ruellia, 45 Rum, 172 shrub, 416 Rumex, 41 INDEX. Rumphal, 14 Runckel, 143 Runga matta, 279 Runnings, 150 Rupture wort, 84 Ruscus, 23 Rush, 13, 15, 18 nut, 15 Russia seeds, 18 Rust of iron, 250 Ruta, 12, 98, 119 Rutacex, 119 Rye, 17 coffee, 177 flour, 166 starch, 166 S. Sabbatia, 56 Sabina, 29 Saccharum, 15, 149, 150 candum, 149 hordeatum, 452 lactis, 149, 179 Saturni, 258 Sack, 316 Sacradaans hout, 128 Safflor, 270 Safflower, 66 Saffra, 270 Saffron, 20, 25, 66 cake, 129 Sagapenum, 158 Sage, 46, 48, 53 Saggina, 18 Sagus, 19 Sain doux, 215 foin, 99 St, John’s bread, 93 — wort, 110 Lucie wood, 91 Marten’s hout, 128 Peter’s corn, 16 — wort, 110 Sal absinthii, 272 acetoselle, 284 acid. boracis, 302 alembroth, 258 alkali, 276 ammoniac, 281. — volatile, 277 — — lavandule,; 460 cathart. amarus, 281 — Glaub. 289 communis, 287, 288 com. decrep. 288 cornu cervi, 277 Sal diureticus, 287 enixum, 284 Epsom, 281 febrif. Sylvii, 283 fossilis, 287 fuliginis, 278 gemme, 287 Indus, 149 Martis, 255 mirab, Glaub. 289 nitri, 283 ossium, 278 petre, 283 polych. Glas. 285 prunelle, 283 Rupellensis, 289 sal petre, 288 sapientiz, 258 secr. Glaub. 282 succini, 310 tartari, 272 vitrioli, 252 vol. oleosum, 460 — sal. amm. 278 Salep, 27, 52 Salsafy, 65 Salicariex, 87 Saliceze, 29 Salicine, 213 Salicor, 275 Salicornia, 43 Salix, 29 Sallow, 29 _. thorn, 38 Salmo, 144 Salmon, 144 Salmoni hout, 128 Salsola, 43 Salt, amber, vol. 310 baker's, 277 barilla, 276 bark, ess. 173 of bones, vol. 277 common, 287, 288 decrepitated, 288 Epsom, 281 Glauber’s, 289 hartshorn, 277 lemons, essential, 476 Loudon’s solid, 287 neutr. arsen. 283 ox teeth, 277 petre, 283 pickling, 465 Rochelle, 289 rock, 287 smelling, 277 upon salt, 288 salt petre, 288 of soda, 276 sorrel, 284 sore throat, 283 of tartar, 272 of urine, 278 ~~ Salt, tasteless purging, 289 vitriol sed. 302 volatile, 277 wood soot, 278 - wormwood, 272 Salt cats, 288 fish, 144 wort, 33 Salts, Cheltenham, 459 neutral, 279 smelling, 460 Salve, eye, 490 Dupuyitren’s eye, 495 ing, 493 amygdalinus, 484 Cast. marm. 485 mollis, 485 niger, 485 ~ tartari, 485 Venetus, 485 vitriolicus, 485 Sapodilla, 60 — INDEX, Saponaria, 109, 117 60 Sarsaparilla, 15, 24, 78 Sassafras nuts, 40 Satin flower, 107 wood, 128 Satureja, 47 Saturnus acetosus, 259 Satyrion, 27 Satyrium, 27 Sauce alone, 107 fish, 359 Quin’s, 358 superlative, 359 tomato, 358 Saul-tree, 28 Saumah, 17 Saur kraut, 106 Saururus, 20, 32 Sausages, 134, 136 Savine, 29 Savonettes, 486, 487 Savory, 47 Saw wort, 66 Saxifrage, 79, 83, 117 i 83 Scabiosa, 63, 72 Scabious, 63, 72 Scalaria, 145 Scales of iron, 237 © Scallop, 145 Scammonium Alepp. 158 Smyrn. 158 — factit.462 . Scammony, 62 Aleppo, 158 French, 158 plant, 55 potato slip, 158 Smyrna, 158 Scandix, 79 Scaphu, 59 Scariola, 64 Scarlet grains, 147 Scents, pomatum, 481 Schenanthus, 18 Schageri cottan, 120 Schiefer, polier, 266 Schinus, 102 Schistus carbonarius, 267 mollis, 266 pictorius, 267 Scilla, 22 Scincus, 142 Scirpus, 15 Sclarea, 46 Scleranthus, 84 Scobs styracina, 207 Scolopendrum, 12 Scolymus, 64 Scomber, 144 551 | Scordium, 48 Scorodonia, 48 Scorodoprasum, 22 . Scorpioides, 99 Scorpien grass, 53 wort, 99 Scorzonera, 65 Scotia, 93 Scrophularia, 50 Scrophularee, 50 Scurvy grass, 55,108 - Scutellaria, 48 Sea bear, 140 calf, 140 cow, 140 dog, 140 grass, 8, 149 holly, 82 horse, 140 lion, 140 Sebestener, 53 — Sebestens, 53 Sebifera, 40 Secale, 17 Seconds, 165 Secretions, animal, 177 Securidaca, 98 Sedge, 15 Sedum, 83 Seeds, cold, 129 > Sel @opium, 212 de verre, 304 Selago, 13 Self heal, 48 Selinum, 82 Semecarpus, 100 Semen cina, 70 contra, 70 Semilla, 131 Semina anisi trit. red. 479 fenugreci t. r, 478 | calida, 129 frigida, 129 tschischim, 94 Semola, 16 Semoletta, 16 Semolino, 16 Sempervivum, 84 Senecio, 68 Senega, 100 Seneka, 100 Senclle, 88 Sengreen, 27 Senna, 58, 93, 94, 99 Sensitive plant, 93, 94, 99 Sepia, 145, 178 Septfoil, 90 Serapias, 27 592 Sereque, 95 ‘Seriana,’109 Sericum, 219 Seris, 63 Serjeant, 121 Serpentaria, 14, 37 Serpentes, 142 Serpyllum, 47 Serratula, 66 Sersoon, 106 Serum lac, 179, 342, 360 Service-tree, 88 Sesama, 18 Sesamum, 18, 55 seeds, 110 Sesbon, 99 Seseli, 79, 81, 82 Sesquicarb. of ammo. 291 of soda, 290 Sesuvium, 85 Setaria, 17 Setter wort, 126 Sevum, 136, 216 meliloti, 499 Shaddock, 114 Shagreen, 143 Shale, black, 281 Shallots, 23 Shark skin, 143 Sheep, 136 Sheeps’ dung, 181 scabious, 63 Shell, liquid, 281 tooth, 143 tortoise, 141 turtle, 141 Shepherds’ purse, 108 needle, 79 Sherardia, 73 Sherbet, 360, 370 Sherry, 316, 323 Sheta, 106 Shorea, 28 Shrub, 416 Sida, 121 Sideritis, 48, 49 Siderodendrum, 76 Sigillum Salomonis, 23 Sil, 265 , Silene, 117 Siler, 81 Siligo, 15 Siliqua, 97 . dulcis, 93 : Silk, 219 crow, 8 weed, 57 worm, 147 Silurus gall, 179 Silver, 231 weed, 90 Simarouba, 27, 119 Simaroubee, 119 Simovia, 145 INDEX. Simplocinez, 59 Sinapis, 106 Sinapism, 428 Siphonia, 37 Sirium, 38 Sirop de capillaire, 406 de cuisiniére, 410 cyanique, 409 d. hyd. cya. d. pot. 410 Syrop d’orgeat, 340 de pomme de terre, 151 Sisarum, 80 Sison, 80 Sisymbrium, 46, 107 Sium, 80 Size, 185 gold, 483 Skate, 142 Skink, 142 Skins, basil, 136 druggists’ gut, 136 sausage, 136 Skirret, 80 spirit, 174 sugar, 149 Slate, alum, 270 drawing, 267 Irish, 269 Sleeve fish, 145 Sloe, 92 Smallage, 78 Smalt, 270, 271 Smectis, 266 Smerillus, 268 Smylax, 24 Smyris, 268 Smyrnium, 79 Snail, 145 Snake root, 37, 46, 126 stone, 181 weed, 38, 82 wood, 59, 128 ‘Snap dragon, 50 Sneeze wort, 71 Snuff, 471, 472 cephalic, 453 ‘Soap, Alicant, 485 almond oil, 484 Banda, 188 black, 485 Castille, 485 croton oil, 485 ley, 277 liquid, 357 Macquer’s acid, 485 Marseilles, 485 purified, 486 soft, 485 Starkey’s, 485 transparent, 485 Venice, 485 Windsor, 486 berries, 109 rock; 261 Soda, 275 acetata, 239 caustic, 275 impura, 275 phosphorata, 289 ppd. with alcohol, 276 pure, 276, 277 tartarizata, 289 gold, muriate of, 252 Solanee, 50 Solanine, 213 Solanum, 51 Soldanella, 45, 55 Solder for tin, 234 Solidago, 68 | Solomon’s seal, 23 Solutio acet. zinci. 260 mur. baryte, 280 — calcis, 281] oxym. calc, 281 sulphat. cupric. 341 alcohol de deuto iod. de Merc. 400 Solution of albumen, 338 of arsen. Fowl, 341 of burnt sugar, 433 of hematine, 364 of hydroiod. potash, 287 of indigo, 361 of iodine, 300 — alcoh. 400 of isinglass, 337 of malva, 363 of picromel, 363 of potash, 273 — White’s, 352 of starch, 338 of subl. corr, 258 Solvens minerale, 341 Solvent for antimony, 306 mineral, 341 Sonchus, 64 Soojee, 16 Soot, 224 Sop, 123 Sope wort, 117 Sophia, 107 Sorb, 88 Sorbets, 340 Sorbus, 88 Sorgho, 18 Sorghum, 18 Sorrel, 41, 111, 121 Sonude, 275 Soup, portable, 337 Sour cream, ] 80 Southern wood, 70 Sow bread, 45 Soy, 358 ; Spanish flies, 14 Spar, 269 Sparadrapum adhees, 509 diachyli, 509 Gualteri, 509° \ aaa for diet drink, 130 equinus, 463 for hair powder, 469 Clatton’s febrif. 379 coriander, 375 dyers’, 259 from faints, 186 INDEX. Spirit, Guyot’s, 382 of hartshorn, 277 of hyssop, 376 of jasmin, 380 lac, 259 of lemon peel, 376 thyme, 381 nitre, 305 — sweet, 378 oranges, 379 ox-teeth, 277 pennyroyal, 377 peppermint, 376 proof, 172 rye-bread, 298 sage, 381 sal, ammon, 278 — with lime, 278 salt, 302 — dephlog. 306 — sweet, 378 scurvy grass, 377 golden, 400 soup herbs, 402 star anise-seed, 374 sweet basil, 381 — marjoram, 381 tartar, 299 turpentine, 195 urine, 278 verdigris, 296 of vinegar, 368 of vitriol, sweet, 378 of wine, 170, 174 — for varnishes, 172 — and camphire, 385 wood soot, 278, 296 wormwood, 374 Spirituous liquors, 169 Spiritus ether. arom. 399 — nitr. 378 — sulph. 378 _— vitr. 378 comp. 379 alexiterius, 375 ammonia, 370 — aromat, 371 — compos. 371 — fetid. 371 — succinatus, 373 anisi, 374 angelice rad, 374 armoracia, 377 aurantii cort. 374 buxi, 297 calami arom, 380 camphore, 385 camphoratus, 385 cassie, 375 caryoph. aroin, 375 castorei, 375 carui, 375 cinnamomi, 375 cochlearia purg, 415 553 Spiritus, coch. simp. 377 colchici amm. 371 coriandri, 375 cornu cervi, 277 croci, 375 febrifugus Clut. 379 frumenti, 171 fuliginis, 278 hyssopi, 376 juniperi, 174 — compos. 376 lavandule, 379 — comp. 391 ligni, 297 melisse, 380 menthe, 376 — piper, 376 Mindereri, 282 myristicee, 377 nitri, 304—306 — dulcis, 378 nuc. mosch. 377 pan. secal. 298 pimento, 376 pulegii, 377 raphani c. 377 rectificatus, 172 rose, 381 rosmarini, 378 salis, 302 — ammon. 278 “ue — dulce. 370 — dule. 378 — mar. coag, 283 — volat. oleosus, 370 salviee, 381 saponis, 402 succini, 310 syrupo, 172 tartari, 299 tenuior, 172 terebinthina, 195 thymi, 381 turion. pini. 377 urine, 278 Veneris, 296 vini, 170 — camphoratus, 365 vinos. rect. 170 — tenuior, 170 vitrioli, 307, 310 — dulcis, 378 volatilis arom. 371 — fet. 371 Spirits, bathing, 384 compound, 374 Spleen wort, 12 Spondias, 102 Spodium, 223 peeperntny 267 Sponge, 8 et 511 burnt, 293 Spongia, 8 554 » Spongia, dealbata, 511 rose, 89 usta, 223 Sprats, 144 . powder, 466 Spruce beer, 328, 324 Spunk, 9 Spurge, 35, 38 Spurry, 117 Squalus, 143 Squamee ferri, 237 Squamaria, 49 Squash, 62 Squill, 22 Squinancy wort, 72 Stachys, 48, 49 Stag, 138 Stain for crocus, 405 oil, 484 _ spirit, 405 Stalagmitis, 111 Stanniolum, 233 Stannum, 233 granulatum, 233 pulveratum, 238 Stapelia, 58 Staphisagria, 126 Staphylea, 103 Star of Bethlehem, 22 shoot, 8 thistle, 66 wort, 67, 71 Starch, 166, 167 boiled, 336 sugar, 151 Statice, 44 Staticese, 44 Stave wood, 119 Staves acre, 126 Steel, 232 Stein, galitzen, 259 Stellaria, 117 Sterculia, }20 Sterculiaceze, 120 Stibium, 234° - Stickleback, 144 Stissera, 26 Stigmarota, 120 Stinking weed, 83, 93 Stitch wort, 117 Stizolobium, 99 Stock fish, 144 . gilliflower, 107 Stockvisch hout, 95 Stechas, 46, 67 Stone, lancet, 268 Stone-crop, 83 lime, 269 lumber, 261, 265 marking, 267 ochre, 263 oil, 269 pumice, 268 rotten, 266 INDEX. Stone, water-of-Ayr, 268 Stones, 268 five precious, 268 ‘ Stopping for the feet, 517 Storax, 206 tree, 59 liquid, 202 Stramonium, 51 Strapping, 527 Strap wort, 84 Strass, 271 Stratiotes, 27 Strawberry, 60, 90 Strigau earth, 263 Struthio, 141 Strychneex, 58 Strychnine, 213 Strychnos, 58, 59 Stuff, 466 Sturgeon, 143 fat, 216 Styphelia, 61 Styptic, Eaton’s, 398 Styrax, 206, 207 alba, 202 calam, fact. 497 colata, 207 — fact. 497 liquida, 202 — red. 497 tree, 59 Subacetas cupri, 247 Subboras sodee, 287 Subcarbonas amm, 277 ferri, 251 kali, 273 magnesia, 262 plumbi, 248 potas. imp. 272 — pur. 272 — e tart. 272 sod, 276 — exsic. 276 Subcarbonate of am, 277 of potash, 273 of soda, 276 Suber, 31 ustum, 223 Sublimate, corrosive, 257 sweet, 244 Submurias hydrarg. 244 — ammoniac, 245 — preecipit. 244 Subnitras bismuthi, 242 Subphosphate of soda, 289 Substances, roast. veg. 176 Subsalts, metallic, 242 Subsulphas hydr. flav. 244 Succada, 62 Succinas am. liq. pyr. 283 Succinate of ammon. 282 Succinum, 221 Succisa, 72 Succory, 63 Succory coffee, 177 Succus glycyrrhize, 151 _ Hispanicus, 151 hypocistidis, 159 prun. sylvestr. 158 spis. acon. nap. 158 — atrope b. 149 — aurantii, 159 — cicute, 159 — conii, 159 — hyoscy. 159 — lactuce, 160 — limon. 160 — momordice, 168 _— pap. somn. 156 samb. bac. 152 Sudia, 91 Suet, 136, 216 Sugar, 148 barley, 452 black, 151 cane, 18 of lead, 258 lemon, 449 milk, 179 spirit, 171 Sugars, 148 Sugre, 143 : Sukka birosa, 205 Sula, 141 Sulphas alumine, 279 — exsiccat. 280 barytee, 269 cinchone, 290 zinci, 259 Sulphate ofalum. andam. 280 — and pot. 279 of ammonia, 296 barytes, 269 brucine, 291 copper, 253 indigo, 363 iron, 255 lead, 248 lime, 269 magn. and soda, 289 morphia, 291 quinine, 290 soda, 289 strychnine, 291 © Sulphis sode, 288 Sulphite of soda, 288 Sulphur, 224, 225 of antim. gold, 227 auratum antim, 227 nativum, 224 preecipit. 225 sublimatum, 225 Sulphur vivum, 224 water, sal. 314 wort, 81 Sulphuret of antim. 226 arsenic, 228 iron, 229 lead, 229 potash, 225 quicksilver, 229, 230 Sulphurets, metallic, 226 Sulphuretum ant. fus. 228 Superacetas plumbi, 258 Supersulphas potasse, 284 Supertartris potasse, 285 Suppositorium vermif. 428 Syringa, 87 garlick, 405 gentianin, 409 ginger, 409 horchound, 408 horse radish, 406 ipecacuanha, 410 kermes, 413 of lemon juice, 407 — peel, 413 »~ lemons, 413 INDEX. Syrop liquorice, 407 lupuline, 409 maidenhair, 406 marsh mallows, 405 morphia, 409 mulberries, 407 nutmegs, 413 opium, 407 orange juice, 413 — peel, 413 peach blossoms, 408 poppies, 407, 408 Pruss. acid, 409 guinces, 407 quinine, 409 raspberries, 412 red cabbage, 417 rhubarb, 408 roses, 408 rue, 408 saffron, 406 simple, 405 sulph. of morphia, 409 vanilla, 415 violets, 417 Syrupus acetosus, 411 acid. acet. 411 alkermes, 413 allii, 405 althex, 405 amomi zing. 409 amygdalinus, 355 armoracie, 406 aurantii, 413 balsamicus, 409 de berberis, 412 brassicee rubree, 417 capill. Ven. 406 caryoph. arom. 406 — rub. 406 citri aur. 413 — med. 407 coccinelle, 406 cinnamomi, 406 corallii, 406 croci, 406 cydoniorum, 407 dianthi car. 406 fellis, 410 hordeatus, 340 ipecacuanhw, 410 limonis, 407 mal. Persic. 408 marrubii, 408 meconio, 407 mororum, 407 nuc. mosch. 413 opii, 407 papaveris, 407, 408 paralyseos, 408 pectoralis, 406 prassii, 408 rhabarbari, 408 rheados, 408 555 ‘Syrupus rhamni cath, 412 ribis, 412 rosaceus, 408 rose, 408 rubi Ideei, 412 rute, 408 sambucinus, 412 sarsaparille, 409 scille, 411 senne, 409, 423 simplex, 405 spine cervine, 412 toluif. bals. 409 Tolutanus, 409 violarum, 417 volatilis, 410 zingiberis, 409 T, Tabac, 472 Tabacnm, 51 Tabasheer, 271 Tabaxir, 271 Tabelle card. 446 Tabernemontana, 58 Tablettes anticat. 447 * de Spitzlait, 451 de Tronchin, 447 Tablets, purple, 449 Tacamahaca, 215, 219 Tagetes, 68 Talcum, 269 Talinum, 85 Tale, 269 Tallow, 216 Java, 188 litswa, 188 penoe, 188 tree, 36 vegetable, 189 Tamarind, 93 pulp, 151 Tamarindi, 93 Tamarindus, 93 Tamarisciner, 84 Tamariscus, 84 Tamarisk, 84 Tamus, 24 Tanacetum, 69 Tan-balls, 30 Tanner’s bark, 30 Tannin, 314 Tansey, 69, 90 Tapioca, 167 Tapsimel, 425 Tapsus, 50 Tar, 195, 196 Barbadoes, 221 coal, 221 Taraxacum, 65 Tare, 98 Targorium, 59 Tarragon, 70 556 Tartar, emetic, 260 soluble, 285 vitriolated, 284 Tartarum, 284 album, 285 antimoniatum, 260 boraxatum, 285 emeticum, 260 ferri, 256 rubrum, 285 solubile, 477, 285 tartarisatum, 285 vitriolatum, 284 Tarton-raira, 41 Tartras antimonii, 260 kali, 285 potasse, 285 — et sode, 289 Tartris borax. pot. et, sod. 285 potasse, 285 ¥ — et sodx, 289° Taxider, 29 Taxus, 29 Tea, Apalachian, 104 Bowles’s herb, 130 camomile, 331 China, 114, 115 for icing, 340 imitation, 130 Labrador, 61 linseed, 332 Mexican, 43 Mongul, 130 New Jersey, 104 Oswego, 48 Paraguay, 96, 163 Russian, 130 in tiles, 131 Toolsie, 47 Teas, Chinese kinds of, 114, 115 Teasel, 72 Tectonia, 45 Teeth, 135, 143 Teinture de gentianin, 388 de lupuline, 391 - de myrrhe, 391 Tela aranearum, 219° Gualteri, 411 Telephium, 83 Tellicherry bark, 57 Tellinum, 85 Tenne vellum, 150 Tent, wine, 317 Tent wort, 12 Tents, sponge, 510 Terebintacex, 100 Terebinthina argent, 201 Brianzonica, 202 Canadensis, 201 Chia, 201 — fact, 497 cocta, 209 communis, 201 INDEX. Terebinthina Cypria, 201 Veneta, 20] vera, 201 vulgaris, 201 Terebinthine comm. 20} fine, 201 de Suisse, 201 de Venise, 201 Tereniabin, 148 Terminalia, 86 Ternstromie, 63 Terra cariosa, 266 cimolia, 261 Coloniensis, 195 dulce. vitr. 238 , fol. tartari, 287 fullinoca, 266 Japonica, 161 Lemnia, 261, 273 makemakey, 168 Melia, 266 merita, 26 Orleana, 203 Persica, 265 ponderosa, 270 Portugallica, 270 Samia, 261 saponaria, 261, 266 sigillata, 263, 265 Tripolitana, 263 Turcica, 264 Umbria, 266 viridis, 266 de Patna, 265 de Sienna, 265 verte, 266 Tespesia, 100 Testudo, 141 Tetranthera, 40 Tetragonia, 95 Tetrao, 141 Tetraodon, 143 Teucrium, 48 Thalia, 26 Thalictrum, 124 Thapsia, 79 Thea, 114 Theacea, 114 Theobroma, 121 Theophrasta, 58 Theriaca Andromachi, 422 communis, 149 Germanorum, 162 Londinensis, 429 pauperum, 162 Thesium, 38 Thistle, 65, 66, 71, 105 Thlaspi, 108 Thoa, 34 gum, 153 Thora, 124 Thorn, 88, 92, 104 apple, 51 back, 142 Thorough root, 67 wax, 82 Thran, 217 Thridace, 160 Throat wort, 63 Thrymba, 47 Thuja, 28 Thus in guttis, 205 Judzorum, 206 in massis, 205 vulgare, 206 Thyme, 47 Thymeleex, 38 Thymelza, 38 - Thymiama, 36 Thymus, 47 Ticuna, 208 Tilia, 120 Tiliacee, 120 Tillandsia, 22 Timac, 122 Timpost, 148 Tin, 230, 233 foil, 233 glass, 233 tree, 530 Tincar, 287 Tinct. absinthii, 382 — comp. 382 acacize catechu, 386 acet. ferri, 388 ‘aconiti, 382 aloes, 382 — etherea, 383 — composita, 393 — c. mytrha, 393 amara, 383 ambr. gris, 401 amomi rep. 385 — zing. 399 Angusture, 383 anthemidis, 383 antimonii, 383 — diaph. 400 aristol. serp. 397 aromatica, 384 — amm. 371 asse feet. 388 amm. 371 bals. Peruv. 384 — sulph. 384 — Tolut. 384 belladonnx, 387 benzoes, 401 — comp. 398 Bonpland, trif. 383 calami, 384 camphore, 385 — comp. 392 camphorata, 392 cantharidum, 385 capsici, 385 cardamomi, 385 — comp. 397 contrayerve, 387 convoly. jalape, 390 corticis Peruv. 386 —— volat. 371 n : lavand. comp. 391 lytt#, 385 INDEX. Tinct. Martis, 256 — Myns. 399 —c. sal. amm. 388 — in spir. sal. 388 mur. ferri, 388 mastichis, 391 melampodii, 389 meloes ves. 385 mimose cat. 386 moschi, 401 myrthe, 391 opii, 390 — amm. 373 papaveris, 393 pini, 392 piperis, 392 psychotrie sulph. 393 pyrethri, 394 quassiw, 394 rhabarbari, 394 rhabarbari vinosa, 36 rhatanie, 395 rhei, 394 ~ — et aloes, 395 — amara, 395 — et gent. 395 rhodii, 395 ricini, 395 rosargm, 332 sabine comp. 391 sacra, 364 salis tartari, 397 saponis comp. 396 — et opii, 383 sarsaparille, 397 Saturnina, 396 scille, 397 senne, 396 serpentarie, 397 stomachica, 397 styptica, 398 succini, 400 sulphuris, 398 — volat. 225 tabaci, 401 Thebaica, 366 theriacalis, 398 Toluifere bals. 384 valerianw, 399 — amm. 272 — vol. 372 veratri, 399 zingiberis, 399 Tincture of allspice, 402 antimony, 383 bark, 386 — with lime water, 352 benjamin, 401 Bestucheff ’s nerv. 400 black hellebore, 389 Brazil wood, 405 cantharides, 385 cardamoms, 385 cardiac, 395 557 Tincture of cassia, 386 castor, 385 / coloquintida, 387 euphorbium, 388 — alkaline, 352 foxglove, 388 gall, 388 ginger, 399 guaiacum, 389 — volatile, 371 Hatfield's, 389 henbane, 390 hops, 389 iodine, 400 myrrh, 391 — and aloes, 391 nut galls, 389 nux vomica, 392 opium, 390 orange peel, 463 piscidia Erythrinw, 395 poppy, 393 psychotria sulph. 393 — of spice, 402 peryth, 394 quassia, 394 red sanders, 405 rhatany root, 395 rhubarb, 394 saffron, 387 St. John’s wort, 405 salt of tartar, 397 snake root, 397 sp. of turpentine, 399 squills, 397 steel, 388 stomach, 397 stramonium, 387 sulphur, 398 for the teeth, 402 turmeric, 405 | valerian, 399 Tinctures, 382, et seq. for kitchen use, 402, 403 Tinder, German, 9 Spanish, 67 Tisane de ris, 336 Titan cotte, 59 Tithymalus, 35 Toad, 142 flax, 50 Tobaceo, 51, 63 British herb, 130 Tococa, 87 Toddy, 150, 324 Tolu, 202 Toluifera, 99 Tolutanum, 202 Tomatoes, 52 Tonca bean, 99 Tongues, 134 Tonquin remedy, 458 Toona, 112 Toorushoo, 253 558 Tooth-ache tree, 118 pick, 82 wort, 44, 49 Tordylium, 82 Tori, 106 Tormentil, 90 Tormentilla, 90 Tortivum, 156 Tortoise, 142 Tota bona, 42 Touch me not, 111 Touchwood, 9 Tournesol en drap, 511 en pains, 473 Touroulin, 87 Toxicodendron, 36, 100 Toyes, 14 Tradescantia, 20 Trachelium, 63 Tragacantha, 153 Tragopogon, 65 Tragorchis, 27 Trapa, 85 Traveller’s joy, 124 Treacle, 149 ; Venice, 422 Trefoil, 56, 96, 118 © Tramella, 8 Tribulus, 85, 119 Trichecus, 140 Trichilia, 112 Trichomanes, 12 Trichosanthes, 62 Trifolium, 36, 96, 119, 124 ' ' Trigonella, 96 - Tridliacer, 23 Trillium, 23. Triopteris, 110 — Triorchis, 27 Triosteum, 77 Trip, 238 Tripe, 134 ‘ Tripoli, 263, 266 Tripolium, 67 Trissago, 48 Triticospeltum, 17 Triticum, 15_ vaccinum, 49 Tritoxide of manganese, 242 Tritosulphate de fer, 256 Troschisci althex, 447 amyli, 447 — sine iride, 447 bechici albi, 447 — flavi, 447 — nigri, 448 carb. calcis, 447 e creta, 447 glycyrrhize, 448 — cum opio, 448 gummosi, 449 magnesie, 449 nitri, 450 Tyre, 192 INDEX. Troschisci spongie uste, 450 sulphuris, 450 Trollius, 126 Trona, 275 Tropeolum, 111 Trubs,8 True love, 23 Truffles, 8 Tsi Xu, 110 Tsin-y, 123 Tsinaw, 24 Tschillie, 53 Tschischim, 94 Tuber, 8 Tuberose, 24 Tulip, 22 tree, 123 wood, 128 Tulipa, 21 Tulipaceze, 21 Tunny, 144 Turbeth, 44, 54 mineral, 244 Turbo, 145 Turkey, 141 berries, 104 Turk’s cap, 21 Turmeric, 26 Turnip, 14, 104, 106 Turnsol, 36, 54 Turpentine, 195, 199, 201, 202, 203 tree, 102 Turpethum, 54 minerale, 244 — red, 462 Turps, 195 Turritis, 107 Turtle, 142 Turunde intumescent, 510 Tusk, 143 Tussilago, 68 Tutenague, 235 Tuthia, 289 Tutia, 239 Tustan, 110 Tutty, 239 Tway blade, 27 Two penny, 323 Typha, 15, 18 Typhacee, 15 Ubruc, 269 Ulex, 95 Ulmaria, 9] Ulmariex, 91 Ulmidex, 31 Ulmine, 158 Ulmus, 31 | Ulva, 8, 18 Umbellifere, 78 Umber, 182, 266 Umbilicus Veneris, 83 Umbria, 266 Unearia, 73 Uncetion, 507 Unguentum acet. plumbi, 492 acidi nitrosi, 495 adipis suille, 490 fEgyptiacum, 442 eruginis, 491 album, 488, 481 camphor, 488, 493 — c. cerussa, 488 ex althea, 489 ammonie, 496 basilicon flavum, 488 — nigrum, 488 — viride, 491 calaminare, 493 calcis hydr. albe, 491 canthar. 492 catechu, 496 cere, 49] — albe, 494 — flave, 494 cerusse, 488 — acetate, 492 cetacei, 491 ceruleum, 489 conii, 494 detergens, 491 elemi, 488 — comp. 488 epispasticum, 493 — equinum, 497 hemorrhoidale, 494 helleb. albi, 493 hydrargyri, 489 — nitrati, 493 nitrico-oxydi, 495 — prec. albi, 491 iodureti sulphuris, 494 lap. cal, Saturn, 496 laurinum, 499 linarie, 493 lytte, 492 macis, 497 meloes, 493 e Mere. precip. 491 nervinum, 491 nitr. hydr. 494 nutritum, 490 ophthalm. 490, 494 opiatum, 493 oxidi hydr. cin. 495 — — rubri, 494 — plumbi albi, 488 — zinci, 490 picis, 492 — liquide, 492 Ultramarine, 270 piperis nigri, 496. Unguentum plumb. c. 494 492 rubr. desice. 490 sabinz, 496 sambuci florum, 490 — viride, 491 Saturninum, 492 simplex, 490, 494 sperm. ceti, 49] _ subacet. cupri, 491 — plumbi, 488 subm. hydr. am. 492 subnitr. hydr. 495 Ungula alcis, 139 Unicorn fish, 141 Unicorn’s horn, 141 Ursus, 139 Vaccaria, 117 Vaccinia, 61 Vacciniex, 61 Vaccinum, 61 Vahea, 58 Vakaka, 461 Valantia, 73 Valerian, 55, 72 INDEX, Valeriana, 72 Valerianer, 72 Vallea, 120 Valonia, 30 Vangloe, 55 Vanilla, 26 . Vanillon, 27 Vaquois, 27 Varecq, 289 Varnish, amber, 502 for col, drawings, 501 common, 501 copal, 419, 500 for etching, 520, 526 flexible, 501,43, furniture, 500 for grates, 501 Indian, 420 for iron, 420 Italian, 501 japanner’s copal, 50 for leather, 500 mastic, 500 Mauger’s, 419 oil, copal, 500 peyna, 203 picture, 500 penoe, 203 for prints, 500 reddish, 404 spirit, 404 stopping out, 508 maker's spirit, 172 tree, 86 white, 403 Varnishes, oil, 484 spirit, 403 Vateria, 120 Vaugeria, 73 Vaybadum puttay, 127 Veal, 134 fat, 216 Vegetable marrow, 62 Vegetables, 1 modes of preserving, 2 Vejuco, 64 Velvet leaf, 122 Venison, 138 Venus’ comb, 79 Veratrine, 214 Veratrum, 21 Verbascum, 51 Verbena, 45, 46 Verbesina, 71 Verdigris, 247 distilled, 254 English, 247, 254, 475 French, 254 Verditer, refiner’s, 246 Verjuice, 160 Vermeille, 147 Vermes, 146 Vermilion, Chinese, 228 Dutch, 229 559° Vernello, 15 Vernicia, 37 Vernis de colle, 38, 338 Martin, 501 petit, 526 Veronica, 49, 50 Vert de mitis, 261 Vervain, 45, 46 Vespetro, 415. ' Vetch, 96, 99 Viburnum, 77 Vicia, 98 Victorialis, 23 Vienna green, 247 Vicktril, Faln, 254 Villarsia, 56 Villey bolum, 156 Vin d’aulnée, 324 cuit, 150 Vinacea, 112 Vinaigre dentrifrique, 369 dist. de lavande, 369 d’Orleans, 294 rosat. 369 ‘de rosmarin, 369 Vinasse, 170, 275 Vinea, 58 Vinegar, 293 aromatic, 368 camp. 369 concentrated, 296 currie, 369 distilled, 295 four thieves, 368 radical, 295 raspberry, 370, 417 rue, 368 salad, 370 squill, 368 of wood, 297 Vinegars for cookery, 369 impregnated, 367 Vinum, P. L. 314 P. U.S. 314 album Hispan, 316 — montanum, 316 aloes, 364, 382 aloet. alkal. 364 amarum, 365 antimoniale, 364 antim. tartar. 365, 399 antiscorbuticum, 365 benedictum, 364 Burgundicum, 316 Burdegalense, 31 Champan , 317 Canarinum, 316 chalybeatum, 365 cinchonx, 365 — comp. 365 colchici, 387 — florum, 366 — radicum, 366 — seminum, 366 560 Vinum croceum, 365 enule camp. 365 ferri, 365 Frontignacense, 317 gentiane comp. 365 helleboratum, 365 — albi, 399 ipecacuanhe, 366, 390 Madeiracense, 316 Martianum, 365 nicotiane, 366 Olissopanense, 317 opiatum, 410 opii, 366, 390 rhabarbari, 366 rhei palm. 366 Rhenanum, 316 rubr. Port. 318 scilliticum, 366 — comp. 366 tart. antim. 365 tintum, 317 veratri, 399 viperinum, 366 Xeres, 316 Viola, 63, 116 Violacex, 116 Violet, 21, 107, 116 Violet wood, 122 Viper, 143 Vipera, 143 Viper’s fat, 215 garlic, 23 grass, 65 Virga aurea, 68 Virgin’s bower, 124 Viride wris, 247 montanum, 246 Virola, 39 Viscum, 76 aucupum, 215 Vismia, 110 Vitellus ovi, 177 Vitex, 45 Vitis, 7, 111 Vitriol, blue, 253 calc. white, 256 to clean coppers, 3 de Chypre, 254 Cyprian, 253 -Cyprische, 253 Dantzic, 255 Goslar, 254 de Rome, 255 Saltzburgh, 255 Swedische, 254 white, 259 Vitriolium, album, 259 ad albed. calc. 256 ceruleum, 253 INDEX. cupratum, 254 Cyprium, 253 ferratum, 255 ferri, 255 hermaphr. 255 Hungaricum, 254, 255 Romanum, 255 triplum, 254 viride, 255 vulgare, 255 Vitrum antimonii, 241 — ceratum, 458 pulverisat. 268 Viverra, 139 Volkameria, 46 Volubilis, 42 Vomit, Marriot’s dry, 459 Vullam pisin, 153 W. Wad, black, 242 Wadi ennad, 148 Wafers, glue, 512 Wake Robin, 14 Walkera, 119 Wall flower, 107 Wall, pepper, 83 Walnut, 102 sugar, 16 Walrus, 140 Warroogo, 18 Wartwort, 35 Wash, black, 345 distillers’, 172, 295 silver, 404 white, 342 yellow, 341 Wasser, stark, 304 Water, acidulous, 313 allflower, 179, 329 allspice, 328 aniseed, 326 arse-smart, 327 barley, 336 Bate’s eye, 342 baulm, 328 bean-flower, 329 bitter almond, 327 black cherry, 326 blue vitriol, 254 camel’s hay, 330 camomile, 375 carraway, 326, 375 earb. of amm, 278 — of potash, 273 — of soda, 276 carbonated lime, 213 cardamom, 375 carline thistle, 329 cassia, 326 chalybeate, 311 cinnamon, 327, 375 copperas, 255 cordial mint, 376 cumin, 327 dill, 326 distilled, 312 elder-flower, 330 eye, 342, 343, 356 fennel, 327 fly, 352 fruits, for icing, 360 gentian, 376 germander, 330 hepatic gas, 314 holy, 312 honey, 297 Hungary, 377 hyssop, 327 hysteric, 374 impreg. fixed air, 313 juniper, 327 laurel, 327 lavander, 374 — double distil. 379 — simple, 329 lemon peel, 327 lily of the valley, 329 lime, 271 — flower, 320 marjoram, 330 meadow-sweet, 330 mint, 328 myrtle flower, 329 nutmeg, 328, 376 orange flower, 329 — peel, 326 - oxal, of ammon. 282 pennyroyal, 328, 377 peppermint, 328 pimpernel, 328 piony, 377 plague, 375 poppy, 328 potash, 273 pure ammonia, 279 — soda, 276 rain, 311 raspberry, 330 rose, 330 — root, 330 rosemary, 330 rue, 329 acid of salt, 302 saline-sulphur, 314 sea, 312 soda, 313 soldier, 29 spear-wort, 327 Spa, 313 star-anise, 329 _ lily starch, 179 strawberry, 329 Stygian, 312 ~ sw. scent. honey, 380 Syden. styptic. 341 — = -.- - _ w open Water, tar, 331 treacle, 377 vanilla, 330 yellow sanders, 330 Waters, alkaline, 312 aluminous, 312 artificial, 312 ie Whins, Spanish, 242, 261 Wilkinson's, 248 Whites, sharp, 466 Whiting, 144, 263 INDEX. Whitlow grass, 83, 108 Whortle berries, 61 Widow wail, 101 Willow, 29, 85, 91 herb, 45, 49 Wine, 316 of aloes, 364 antimonial, 364 | Cayenne, 367 basil, 367 bitters, 365 cinchonine, 367 currie, 367 elecampane, 365 English grape, 316 ipecacuanha, 366 Port, 317 of quinine, 367 — ragout, 367 raisin, 318 Rhenish, 316 rhubarb, 366 shallot, 367 squills, 366 steel, 365 test, 313 viper, 366 Wines, grape, 316—319 impregnated, 364 made, 318 Winter green, 61 Wintera, 112 Winterana, 123 Winter's bark, 123 Wiserpukki, 61 Wishecompuoware, 61 Witherite, 270 Woad, 108, 168 Wolf's bane, 126 Woman's milk, 179 Womum, 78 Wontay, 32 Woodbine, 77 Wood, drying of, 2 Wood, bitter, 122 lice, 146 roof, 72 sage, 48 waxen, 95 Woods, sudorific, 114 Wooginoo, 102 Wool, Spanish, 511 Wooraroo, 203 Wootay korashanum, 181 Worm bark tree, 99 drenches, 354 Wound wort, 69 Wrack, 7, 14 THE END. X. Xanthium, 72 Xanthorrhea, 20 Xylobalsamum, 101 Xylocasia, 40 Xylopicrum, 123 Xylostroma, 10 Y. and Z. Yam, 24 Yarrow, 71 Yeast, 174, 175 Yelk of egg, 177 of wool, 216 Yellow, 502 chrome, 252 Indian, 181 Naples, 249 patent, 249 queen’s, 244 weld, 475 earth, 263 root, 125 weed, 109 wood, 118, 122 Yeroocum pawl, 159 Yew, 29 Yucca, 21 | Yu-lan, 123 Zacintha, 64 Zaffre, 270 Zamia, 20 Zanthophyliem, 118 Zanthorrhiza, 125 Zanthoxylon, 118 Zea, 17 Zeocriton, 16 Zedoaria, 25 Zedoary, 25 Zeopyrum, 17 ‘| Zerumbet, 25 Zibethum, 219 reductum, 429 Ziegel thee, 130 Zinc, 233 ~ Zincum, 233 calcinatum, 237 vitriolatum, 259 Zingiber, 14, 25, 26 Zirbel nuts, 27 Zivet perfume, 139 Zizania, 18 Ziziphora, 48 Zoophyte, 147 Zostera, 14 Zosterew, 14 Zygophyllew, 119 Zygophyllum, 119 QO V0 561 : eA tee ert Mie D> . a Rf APPENDIX, Containing the alterations which have been introduced into the London Pharmacopceia of 1836. According to the edition of the Pharmacopeia Londinensis of 1836, the values of the liquid measures have all been changed, and are at present as follow :— Congius or Gallon C) ( Fight Pints O viii. Octarius or Pint O _ | Twenty fluid oz. f3xx. Fluid ounce f=} Contains + Richt fluid drachms f 5viii. Fluid drachm f>, Sixty minims m lx. Minim ™ 4 L c Aconitina.. Aconitine —Take of the root of aconite, dried and pounded, two rake ; rectified spirit three gallons, dilute sul- phuric acid, solution of ammonia, purified animal charcoal, of each a sufficient quantity; boil the aconite with a gallon of the spirit for an hour in a retort to which a receiver is annexed ; pour off the liquor, and what remains again boil with another gallon of the spirit and the recently-distilled spirit, and pour off this liquor. Let the same thing be done a third time. ‘Then express the aconite; and all the liquors being mixed and strained, let the spirit distil: evaporate what remains to the proper consistence of an extract. Dissolve this in_ water, and filter. Evaporate tMe liquor by a gentle heat, so that it may acquire a consistence not unlike syrup. ‘To this add of dilute sulphuric acid mixed with distilled water, a sufficient quantity to dissolve the aconitine. Lastly, drop into it the solution of ammonia, and dissolve the pre- cipitated aconitine in dilute sulphuric acid, mixed with water as before. Then add the animal chitodal, occasionally shaking the vessel every quarter of an hour. ‘Then strain, and again drop- Ping in the solution of ammonia, in order to throw down the aco- nitine, wash and dry. 444 | APPENDIX. Use.—This is too dangerous a preparation for internal exhibi- . tion. An ointment has been made of it in the proportion of one grain to a drachm of hog’s lard in neuralgic affections. Carbo Animalis purificatus. Animal Charcoal purified —Take of animal charcoal one pound ; hydrochloric acid, water, of each twelve fiuid ounces: mix the hydrochloric acid with the water, and pour it gradually on the charcoal; then digest for two days with a gentle heat, occasionally shaking it. Set aside, and pour off the supernatant liquor; then wash the charcoal with water fre- quently renewed, until no acid can be perceived ; lastly dry. Use.—This is employed to deprive the alcaloids, &c., of foreign colouring matter. Argenti Cyanidum. Cyanide of Silver.—Take of nitrate of silver two ounces and two drachms; dilute hydrocyanic acid, distilled water, of each a pint ; dissolve the nitrate of silver in water, and add the dilute hydrocyanic acid, and mix. Wash the precipitate with water, and dry. Use.—Sometimes used for the preparation of hydrocyanic acid. Hydrargyri Bicyanidum. Bicyanide of Mercury.—Take of per- cyanide of iron eight ounces, binoxide of mercury ten ounces, distilled water four pints; boil together for half an hour, and strain. Evaporate the liquor, that crystals may form. Wash the residue frequently with boiling distilled water, and, the liquors being paced: evaporate again, that crystals may form. _ Hydrargyri Iodidum, Iodide of Mercury.—Take of mercury one ounce, iodine five drachms, alcohol as much as may suffice ; rub together the mercury and the iodine, the alcohol being added gradually, until the globules are no longer seen. Dry the powder as soon as possible by a gentle heat, excluding the light, and keep it in a well-stopped vessel. Use.—This is used in making an ointment for inveterate vene- real ulcers. ‘The proportions are 20 grains of the iodide to 14 ounce of lard. i wee preparing the biniodide of mercury double the quantity of iodine is used with the same quantity of mercury, and it is em- ployed in the same cases. An alcoholic solution of it is also employed in the treatment of scrofulous affections combined with syphilis. 'The proportions are, alcohol at 36° one ounce and a lialf, biniodide of mercury 20 grains. ‘The dose of the solution is 10, 15, or 20 drops in a glass of distilled water. | Plumbi Iodidum. Iodide of Lead.—Take of acetate of lea nine ounces, iodide of potassium seven ounces, distilled water a APPENDIX. 445 one gallon, Dissolve the acetate of lead in six pints of water, and strain, and to them add the iodide of potassium previouny dis- solyed in two pints of water. Wash the precipitate thrown down, and dry. Use.—It is used in the form of an ointment. Li Potasse effervescens. E_ffervescing Solution of Potass.— Take of bicarbonate of potass = drachm, distilled water one pint; dissolve the bicarbonate of potass in the water, and trans- mit through it a quantity of carbonic acid, forcibly compressed, more than is sufficient for saturation. Keep the solution in‘a well-stopped vessel. Liquor Potassii Iodidi Compositus. Compound Solution of Iodide of Potassium.—Take of iodide of potassium ten grains, iodine five grains, distilled water one pint ; mix that they may be dissolved. Use.—This has been found serviceable in cases wherein iodine is indicated. Its dose is from miij to mvij. Morphie Acetas. Acetate i Morphia.—Take of morphia six drachms, acetic acid three fluid drachms, distilled water four fluid ounces; mix the acid with the water, and pour it on the morphia until it is saturated. Let the solution be evaporated by a gentle heat, so that crystals may form. Use.— This is used where opium is indicated. It may be given in the dose of from gr. 4 to ij. It is considered to be the basisof . Battley’s Liquor Opii Sedativus. e's Morphie hydrochloras. Hydrochlorate of Morphia.—Take of opium, cut up into bits, one pound ; crystals of chloride of lead © two ounces, or a sufficient quantity; purified animal charcoal three ounces and half; hydrochloric acid, distilled water, solution of ammonia, of each a sufficient quantity. Macerate the opium in four pints of the distilled water for thirty hours, and pound it; then, when it has been digested for twenty hours more, express it. _Macerate what remains for a second and a third time in water, so that it may be tasteless, and pound it and express it each time. , Eyaporate the mixed liquors by a heat of 140° to the consistence of syrup. ‘Then add three pints of distilled water, and, when all the faeces have subsided, pour off the supernatant liquor. To this add gradually two ounces of chloride of lead, previously dissolved in four pints of boiling distilled water, or a sufficient quantity, until nothing more is thrown down. Pour off the liquor, and wash the residue repeatedly with distilled water. Then, having mixed the liquors together, evaporate, as before, by a gentle heat, and set aside, that crystals may form. Press these in a linen cloth ; then dissolve in a pint of distilled water, and digest with one 446 APPENDIX. ounce and half of animal charcoal, at a temperature of 120°; then strain. ‘Then, having washed away the charcoal, cautiously eva- sue the liquors, that pure crystals may form. Into the decanted a from which the crystals were first separated, previously adding a pint of water, gradually drop a quantity of solution of ammonia, sufficient to throw down all the morphia, shaking the vessel occasionally. To this, when washed wuk distilled water, add ‘the hydrochloric acid, so that it may be saturated ; then digest with two ounces of animal charcoal, and filter. Lastly, all the charcoal being washed away, evaporate the liquors cau- tiously, that pure crystals may form. Use, &c. Acetum Cantharidis. Vinegar of Cantharides.—Take of pow- dered cantharides two ounces, acetic acid one pint ; macerate the cantharides in the acid for eight days, shaking them occasionally ; then express and strain. - Use, 5c.—As an extemporaneous blister. vane ¥ OF PHARMACY " _ THE LIBRARY ‘FACULTY 2 2 5 3 in’ eet etn 3 * hfs Sear