MONTANA STATE LIBRARY 3 0864 0015 4150 0 SUPPORT OF AQUATIC LIFE USES IN THE UPPER BOULDER RIVER (YELLOWSTONE RIVER DRAINAGE) BASED ON DIATOM SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DIATOM ASSOCIATION METRICS Prepared for: State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 200901 Helena, Montana 59620-0901 Project Offi'-er: Pat Newby DEQ Contract No. 200012 'TA7E DOCUMENTS COLLECTION ^ ■ im HFi A?P,f- 6th AVE. HELENA, MONTANA 59520 Prepared by: Loren L. Bahls, Ph.D. Hannaea 1032 Twelfth Avenue Helena, Montana 59601 November 1999 Printed on Recycled Paper SUMMARY From 1991 to 1993, seven composite periphyton samples were collected from four sites on the upper Boulder River south of Big Timber, Montana, following MDEQ standard operating procedures. The samples were processed and analyzed using standard methods. Diatom metrics generated from the samples were compared to biocriteria developed for streams in the mountain ecoregions of Montana and these comparisons were used to assess the support of beneficial uses . All sites, including the control site, fully supported their beneficial uses, but with minor impairment. Except for minor sedimentation at the Flemming Bridge site, the underlying causes of stress appear to b-^ natural in origin and related to the cold waters and steep graaient of the upper Boulder River. Dominance by the diatom Gowphonewa olivaceoid.es at Two Mile Bridge and Natural Bridge appears to result from the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich groundwaters in this reach. Outcrops of limestone in this area may also contribute to the abundance of G. olivaceoides and to the upwelling of groundwater. Conditions that favor the abundant growth of G. olivaceoides may also favor the excessive growths of filamentous algae that have been observed in this reach. Although diatom species composition and community structure show that the Boulder River above Natural Bridge fully supports its aquatic life uses, large standing crops of filamentous algae in this reach may impair certain beneficial uses. The status of the periphyton community in the lower reach of the river, from Natural Bridge to Big Timber, is unknown at this time. INTRODUCTION This report evaluates the support of aquatic life uses, and probable causes of impairment to those uses, in the upper Boulder River (Yellowstone River Drainage) of southcentral Montana. This report is based on the composition and structure of benthic diatom associations included in 7 periphyton samples that were collected at 4 sites on the river in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Beginning in the summer of 1991, the Water Quality Division of the Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences (now MDEQ) began receiving complaints from local residents about excessive algae growth in the Boulder River. This algae growth was considered an aesthetic nuisance and reported to be fouling fishing lines and making wading difficult. Concern was expressed that the dense algae growth may be affecting fish numbers, fish growth, and associated aquatic life. In response to these concerns, MDHES conducted a study of nutrients and algae in the Boulder River. The 7 samples that are assessed here were collected in response to Boulder River algae complaints and were first evaluated in the Boulder River nutrient and algae report (Levine 1996) using metrics and bioassessment protocols that were available at the time. However, additional metrics have since been added for assessing use support, and the reference site protocol used in 1996 (Protocol II) was probably inappropriate for this study. Hence, a reassessment of the existing Boulder River diatom data (this report) was determined to be necessary (Pat Newby, MDEQ, personal communication) . BACKGROUND Plafkin et al . (1989) list several reasons why biological surveys are superior to water quality analyses for determining use support. The first of these reasons is that biological communities measure our success at protecting the biological integrity^ of waterbodies, which is a goal of the federal Clean Water Act . The periphyton or phytobenthos community is a basic biological component of all aquatic ecosystems. Collectively, periphyton accounts for much of the primary production and biological diversity in Montana streams. Stevenson and Bahls (1999) list several advantages for using periphyton in biological assessments of streams. Periphyton is a diverse assortment of simple photosynthetic organisms, called algae, and other microorganisms that live attached to or in close proximity of the stream bottom. Most algae, such as the diatoms, are microscopic. Diatoms are distinguished by having a cell wall composed of opaline glass- - hydrated amorphous silica. Diatoms often carpet a stream bottom with a slippery brown film. Some algae, such as the filamentous greens, are conspicuous and their excessive growth may be aesthetically undesirable, deplete dissolved oxygen, interfere with fishing and fish spawning, clog irrigation intakes, create tastes and odors in drinking water, and cause other problems. ^ Biological integrity is defined as "the ability of an aquatic ecosystem to support and maintain a balanced, integrated, adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of the natural habitats within a region" (Karr and Dudley 1981) . The federal Clean Water Act directs states to develop water pollution control plans {Total Maximum Daily Loads or TMDLs) that set limits on pollution loading to water-quality limited waters. Water-quality limited waters are lakes and stream segments that do not meet water-quality standards, that is, do not fully support their beneficial uses. The Clean Water Act and EPA regulations require each state to (1) identify waters that are water-quality limited, (2) prioritize and target waters for TMDLs, and (3) develop TMDL plans to attain and maintain water- quality standards for all water-quality limited waters. The purpose of this report is to provide information that will help the State of Montana determine whether the upper Boulder River is water-quality limited and in need of TMDLs. PROJECT AREA AND SAMPLING SITES The project area is in Park and Sweetgrass Counties in southcentral Montana. The Boulder River heads in the Absaroka- Beartooth Wilderness Area of the Gallatin National Forest at an elevation of about 3000 meters in the Absaroka Mountain Range. The Absaroka Range is considered a part of the Middle Rockies Ecoregion (Omernik and Gallant 1987) . The Boulder River is classified B-1 in the Montana Surface Water Quality Standards. From its headwaters the river flows north for about 3 0 miles, following a steep gradient through a deep forested canyon. The sampling sites addressed in this report are located in this upper reach of the river. The river's substrate through this reach is dominated by cobble and boulders, with gravel and coarse sand as the embedding materials (Levine 1996) . From where it leaves the mountains, the river flows northeast another 3 0 miles through grassy foothills to the town of Big Timber, where it enters the Yellowstone River. The surface geology of the upper Boulder River drainage is a complex of metamorphic rocks derived from igneous and sedimentary parent rocks. Bands of shale and limestone outcrop along the base of the mountains near where the river leaves the canyon (Taylor and Ashley, undated) . Limestone outcrops are conspicuous at the Natural Bridge site (Christian Levine, MDEQ, pers . comm. ) . Prior to 1999, 24 periphyton samples had been collected from 8 sites on the main Boulder River (Table 1) . Two samples were collected near the mouth of the river in the 1970s. Until 1999, chese were the only samples collected from the lower reach of the river. Most of the pre-1999 samples were collected from the upper 4 sites, which have served as least -impaired reference sites for the development of statewide biocriteria for the Rocky Mountain Ecoregions (Bahls et al . 1992) . The remaining 5 samples were collected in 1991-1993 from 3 sites near the lower end of the upper reach. This is the segment of the river that has generated most of the complaints about excessive algae growth. These 5 samples plus 2 samples collected concurrently from the reference site below the East Fork, are the subject of this report. Levine (1996) describes the physical habitat and river substrates at or near these sampling sites. METHODS Periphyton samples were collected following standard operating procedures of the MDEQ Planning, Prevention, and Assistance Division. Using appropriate tools, microalgae were scraped, brushed, or sucked from natural substrates in proportion to the rank of those substrates at the study site. Macroalgae were picked by hand in proportion to their abundance at the site. All collections of microalgae and macroalgae were pooled into a common sample container and preserved with Lugol's solution. Preserved periphyton samples were shipped to the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia for processing and analysis. Samples were cleaned of organic matter, diatom strewn mounts were prepared, and diatom proportional counts (400 cells) were conducted according to standard methods (APHA 1998) , using the extensive taxonomic resources available to the Academy. "Soft" (non-diatom) algae were not analyzed by the Academy. The diatom proportional counts were used to generate an array of diatom association metrics (Table 2) . A metric is a characceristic of the biota that changes in some predictable way with increased human influence (Barbour et al . 1999) . Three additional metrics were calculated for this study that were not considered in the earlier analysis of these samples (Levine 1996) . These are a disturbance index (percent abundance of Achnanthes minutissima) , the number of species counted, and percent abundance of the dominant species . Percent abnormal cells, a metric that may serve as an indicator of metals toxicity, was not recorded by the Academy. Metric values from the upper Boulder River were compared to numeric criteria for streams in the Rocky Mountain and Montana Valley and Foothill Prairies Ecoregions (Table 3). These criteria are based on metric values measured in least -impaired reference streams (Bahls et al . 1992) and on metric values measured in streams that are known to be impaired by various sources and causes of pollution (Bahls 1993). The criteria in Table 3 distinguish among four levels of impairment and three levels of aquatic life use support: no impairment or only minor- impairment (full support) ,- moderate impairment (partial support) ,- and severe impairment (nonsupport) . These impairment levels correspond to excellent, good, fair, and poor biological integrity, respectively. Only periphyton samples collected in summer (June 21- September 21) can be compared with confidence to reference stream samples because metric values change seasonally and summer is the season in which reference streams and impaired streams were sampled for the purpose of biocriteria development. The previous analysis of these samples (Levine 1996) employed Protocol II of Bahls (1993) . This protocol involves comparing metrics from study sites to metrics generated from an upstream control site. Protocol II is useful only where similar physical conditions prevail at both the control site and the study sites. The Natural Bridge site is more exposed to sunlight, has a wider channel, slower current velocities and smaller substrates than the upstream control site (Christian Levine, MDEQ, pers . comm.) . Moreover, because diatom species composition changes naturally in a longitudinal direction. Protocol II should be used only where the control site and the study site are close together, such as above and below an outfall or a polluted tributary. Hence, Protocol II is not appropriate for this study and was not used in this report. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results are presented in Table 4, located near the end of this report following the Literature Cited section. Completed diatom proportional . counts, pollution tolerance classes assigned by Lange-Bertalot (1979) , and calculated percent abundances for each species, are attached as Appendix A. Diatom metrics indicate that the control site below the East Fork fully supported its beneficial uses. A slightly depressed diversity index and a somewhat elevated disturbance index and percent dominant species indicated minor stresses that were ■ likely natural in origin (cold water and fast current velocity) . The dominant species at the control site were Achnanthes winutissiwa (August) and Hannaea arcus (June) . A. winutissima is an attached species that pioneers recently scoured substrates and resists detachment by high current velocities (Peterson and Stevenson 1992) . Because of its attached habit of growth and rapid rate of division, it often dominates diatom associations of steep gradient mountain streams in western Montana . Hannaea arcus is a clean-water species that prefers cold temperatures and fast current velocities (Lowe 1974). The Flemming Bridge site also provided full support of its beneficial uses, but with minor impairment due to siltation. This site also had a borderline pollution index value that indicated some nutrient enrichment. Nitzschia paleacea was the co-dominant diatom here along with Achnanthes minutissima . Nitzschia paleacea is a motile, free-living diatom that is somewhat tolerant of organic pollution (Lange-Bertalot 1979) . The June collection from Two Mile Bridge indicated excellent biological integrity with no impairment of aquatic life uses. The August collection was dominated by Gomphonema olivaceoides. This species prefers "cool fresh waters" (Patrick and Reimer 1975) and is "locally abundant in springs and small streams" (Krammer and Lange-Bertalot 1986) . It is closely related to, and considered by some taxonomists as a variety of, G. olivaceum, which is a common diatom in calcareous, eutrophic rivers worldwide (Krammer and Lange-Bertalot 1986) . Like other species in the genus Gowphonewa, G. olivaceoides is a stalked diatom that may occur in large colonies (Cox 1996) . This species has been recorded as the dominant diatom in the West Fork of the Stillwater River near Nye and in the North Fork of the Flathead River at the Canadian border (L. Bahls, unpublished data) . Both are relatively unimpaired streams. G. olivaceoides was also abundant in upwelling areas of the Nyack Floodplain in the Middle Fork of the Flathead River (Bahls, unpublished data) . Groundwater upwelling from the hyporheic zone of a river is typically richer in nutrients than ambient stream water, and may significantly influence both the composition and the production of the benthic community (Stanford and Ward 1993) . When a species accounts for more than half of the diatom cells in a community it raises a red flag. Dominance by any species is usually in indicator of stress, either natural or cultural, or of conditions that are especially suitable for the reproduction of that species. In the case of G. olivaceoides , there may be an upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water that favors large numbers of this diatom in August at the Two Mile Bridge site. Algal nutrients derived from limestone outcrops observed in this area (Christian Levine, MDEQ, pers . comm. ) may also contribute to the large population of this taxon, as well as to the excessive growths of filamentous algae that have been noted in this reach. The August collection at the Natural Bridge site indicated excellent biological integrity with no impairment of aquatic life uses. In June, depressed diatom diversity and dominance by Gomphonema olivaceoides indicated full support of beneficial uses with minor impairment. Again, this "impairment" was probably natural in origin and related to the peculiar hydrologic and geologic conditions that pertain in this reach of the Boulder River, namely the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water in an area of limestone outcrops. Similarity index values were calculated for the two dates on which periphyton samples were collected at the upstream reference site (Table 4) . Diatom floras at adjacent sample sites were more similar in June, when streamflow was presumably larger, than they were in August, when flows were smaller and species composition was influenced more by local upwelling and geology. Although diatom species composition and community structure show that the Boulder River above Natural Bridge fully supports its aquatic life uses, large standing crops of filamentous algae in this reach may impair certain beneficial uses. The status of the periphyton community in the lower reach of the river, from Natural Bridge to Big Timber, is unknown at this time. LITERATURE CITED Bah.^s, L.L. 1979. Benthic diatom diversity as a measure of water quality. Proc . Mont. Acad. Sci . 38:1-6. Bahls, L.L. 1993. Periphyton Bioassessment Methods for Montana Streams (Revised) . Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. Bahls, L.L., Bob Bukantis, and Steve Tralles. 1992. Benchmark Biology of Montana Reference Streams . Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B-99-002 . U.S. EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Cox, E.J. 1996. Identification of Freshwater Diatoms from Live Material. Chapman & Hall, New York. Karr, J.R., and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-69. Krammer, K., and Horst Lange-Bertalot . 1986. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 1: Naviculaceae . In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.). Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York. Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 1979. Pollution tolerance of diatoms as a criterion for water quality estimation. Nova Hedwigia 64:285-304. Levine, C.L. 1996. Boulder River Nutrient and Algae Monitoring Results. Water Quality Division, Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena. 10 Lowe, R.L. 1974. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater Diatoms. EPA-670/4 -74-005 . McFarland, B.H., B.H. Hill, and W.T. Willingham. 1997. Abnormal Fragilaria spp . (Bacillariophyceae) in streams impacted by- mine drainage. Jour, of Freshwater Ecology 12 (1) : 141-149 . Omernik, J.M. , and A.L. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of The West Central United States (map) . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. Patrick, Ruth, and C.W. Reimer. 1975. The Diatoms of The United States Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 2, Part 1: Entomoneidaceae, Cymbellaceae, Gomphonemaceae , Epithemiaceae . Monograph Number 13, The Acad'^my of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Peterson, C.G., and R.J. Stevenson. 1992. Resistance and resilience of lotic algal communities: Importance of disturbance timing and current. Ecology 73(4) : 1445-1461. Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross, and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Rivers and Streams: Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. EPA 440-4-89-001. Stanford, J. A., and J.V. Ward. 1993. An ecosystem perspective of alluvial rivers: Connectivity and the hyporheic corridor. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 12 (1) :48-60 . Stevenson, R.J., and L.L. Bahls. 1999. Periphyton Protocols. Chapter 6 in Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B-99- 002. U.S. EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Taylor, R.L., and J.M. Ashley. Undated. Geological Map of Montana and Yellowstone National Park. Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman. Whittaker, R.H. 1952. A study of summer foliage insect communities in the Great Smokey Mountains. Ecological Monographs 22:6. 11 TJ n TJ (N (N -o M 0» 1 >. ^ 0 rH rH >! ^^ ^^ 4-) 4J 4J n n M 4J ^; ^ TJ -d X) X) X3 iH V 4J U 4J U 4-J 13 3 Sh U 4-) u u 3 73 3 d d 0) C H 0 d H 0 d H 4-1 4-1 0 0 d 0 0 4J 4-) 4-1 4-1 4J X^ rH 0 CTl rH 0 cr> rH 0 cn CO c/) S rH 0 s s CO CO CO CO CO i-> S-i rH U O^ rH U CTl rH U CTl 4-1 rH u m 4J 4J r-\ ■ U -r-i U -r-i U -r-i OS 03 S U -r-icn s s OS m 03 OS 03 0 m ■H e T) - -0 - T3 - tn Cn -d H cn cn Cn cn cn K 0 Pi fO CO 03 H W 03 (N m 03 CN rH .H g tn 03 g g rH iH rH rH r-^ u (1) 03 CM O! 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Sm.) Grun. 1122B D0070 Achnanthes minutissima Kutz. 1122B D0310 Amphora ovalis v. pediculus (Kutz.) V.H. ex DeT. 1122B D0312 Amphora perpusilla (Grun.) Grun. 1122B D0816 Caloneis ventricosa v. truncatula (Grun.) Meist . 1122B D1107 Cocconeis placentula v. euglypta (Ehr.) Cl . 1122B D1108 Cocconeis placentula v. lineata (Ehr.) V. Hi 1122B D1638 Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh. 1122B D1641 Cymbella minuta v. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabh.) Reim. 1122B D1657 Cymbella sinuata Greg. 1122B D2004 Diatoma hiemale v. mesodon (Ehr.) Grun. 1122B D2718 Fragilaria intermedia Grun. in V.H. 1122B D2726 Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. 1122B D2728 Fragilaria pinnata v. lancettula (Schum.) Hust. 1122B D2730 Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters. 1122B D2954 Gomphcneis eriense v. variabilis Kociolek et Stoermer 1122B D2951 Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehr.) Cl . 1122B D3056 Gomphonema angustatum (Kutz.) Rabh. 1122B D3067 Gomphonema clevei Fricke 1122B D3300 Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. '^ 1122B D3301 Hannaea arcus v. amphioxys (Rabh.) Patr. 1122B D3700 Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. 1122B D3892 Navicula graciloides A. Mayer 122 2 B D3910 Navicula insociabilis Krasske :^^26 D3 93 0 Navicula minima Grun. ]^2B D3357 Navicula pelliculosa (Breb. ex Kutz.) Hilse 1122B D3934 Navicula radiosa Kutz. 1122B D4003 Navicula secreta v. apiculata Patr. 1122B A0018 Nitzschia admissa Hust. 1122B D4326 Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun. 1122B D4335 Nitzschia frustulum (Kutz.) Grun. 1122B D4336 Nitzschia frustulum v. perminuta Grun. 1122B D4338 Nitzschia frustulum v. subsalina Hust. 1122B D4352 Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse 1122B D4411 Nitzschia pura Hustedt 1122B D4380 Nitzschia romana Grun. 1122B D4391 Nitzschia subtilis Grun. 1122B D5100 Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kutz.) Grun. 1122B D5601 Stephanodiscus astraea v. minutula (Kutz.) Grun. 1122B D5605 Stephanodiscus minutus Cl . et Moll. 1122B D5608 Stephanodiscus tenuis Hust. 1122B D5819 Synedra minuscula Grun. 1122B D5828 Synedra rumpens Kutz. 1122B D5834 Synedra tenera W. Sm. 1122B D1635 Cymbella mexicana v. janischii (A. S.) Reim. 1122B D2200 Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M. Schmidt 1122B D3093 Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. 1122B D3094 Gomphonema olivaceoides v. densestriata Foged 1122B A0012 Gomphonema rhombicum Fricke in A.S. ]^^j2B A0015 Navicula goersii Variety MTl 3 2.3 9.0 2 2.8 11.0 3 0.1 0.5 3 30.4 121.5 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.1 0.5 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.8 3.0 3 1.1 4.5 2 12.0 48.0 3 0.1 0.5 3 0.4 1.5 3 3.1 12.5 3 0.5 2.0 3 2.9 11.5 3 0.1 0.5 2 15.5 62.0 3 1.1 4.5 3 0.9 3.5 2 0.8 3.0 3 1.6 6.5 3 3.0 12.0 3 0.6 2.5 3 0.6 2.5 2 0.3 1.0 2 0.3 1.0 1 0.5 2.0 1 0.1 0.5 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 3 0.5 2.0 2 0.1 0.5 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.4 1.5 2 0.6 2.5 2 1.5 6.0 3 0.6 2.5 2 0.3 1.0 3 1.1 4.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 1.8 7.0 2 0.9 3.5 3 0.3 1.0 2 0.5 2.0 2 0.8 3.0 3 2.0 8.0 3 1.0 4.0 3 3.1 12.5 3 0.5 2.0 3 0.3 1.0 2 0.9 3.5 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C J||2C ^2C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1.^2 C li^C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C 1122C Achnanthes Achnanthes Achnanthes V . H . ex CI. V. H, BOULDER RIVER AT LUTHERN TOTAL COUNT: 4 00 # OF SPECIES: 4 2 2.73 02 POLLUTION INDEX: 2.72 SILTATION INDEX Achnanthes lanceolata Breb. ex Kutz. lanceolata v. dubia Grun. minutissima Kutz. marginulata Grun. D0310 Amphora ovalis v. pediculus (Kutz.) D0312 Amphora perpusilla (Grun.) Grun. Caloneis bacillum (Grun.) Cl . Cocconeis placentula v. euglypta (Ehr. Cocconeis placentula v. lineata (Ehr.) Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh. Cymbella minuta v. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabh Cymbella sinuata Greg. Diatoma hiemale v. mesodon (Ehr.) Grun. Diatoma anceps (Ehr.) Kirchn. Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust . Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters. Gomphoneis eriense v. variabilis Kociolek et Gomphonema angustatum (Kutz.) Rabh. Gomphonema clevei Fricke Gomphonema parvulum (Kutz.) Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. Hannaea arcus v. amphioxys (Rabh.) Melosira distans v. alpigena Grun. Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. Navicula arvensis Hust. Navicula contenta f. biceps Navicula cryptocephala Kutz. Navicula tantula Hust . Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun. Nitzschia frustulum v. perminuta Grun. Nitzschia frustulum v. subsalina Hust. Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun. Nitzschia pura Hustedt Nitzschia romana Grun. Stephanodiscus astraea v. minutula (Kutz.) Gr Stephanodiscus minutus Cl . et Moll. Stephanodiscus tenuis Hust. Diatomella balfouriana Grev. Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. Gomphonema olivaceoides v. densestriata Foged Navicula goersii Variety MTl CHURCH CAMP BRIDGE SWDI: D0046 D0048 D0070 D0065 D0804 D1107 D1108 D1638 D1641 D1657 D2004 D2000 D2720 D2726 D2730 D2954 D3056 D3067 D3098 D3300 D3301 D3603 D3700 D3814 D3845 D3850 D4028 D4326 D4336 D4338 D4368 D4411 D4380 D5601 D5605 D5608 D2100 D3093 D3094 A0015 4.0 Patr. in V.H. (Arnott) Grun. 2 0.5 2.0 2 0.6 2.5 3 5.5 22.0 3 0.1 0.5 leT. 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.3 1.0 2 0.1 0.5 3 0.5 2.0 3 0.3 1.0 2 19.1 76.5 ..) Reim. 3 0.5 2.0 3 1.8 7.0 3 15.0 60.0 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.6 2.5 3 2.3 9.0 2 3.4 13.5 Stoe.fiiier 3 0.1 0.5 2 1.0 4.0 3 2.4 9.5 1 0.1 0.5 3 29.5 118.0 3 1.1 4.5 3 0.4 1.5 3 0.4 1.5 2 0.5 2.0 2 0.3 1.0 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 3 0.9 3.5 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 1.5 6.0 3 0.1 0.5 un. 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 3 0.3 1.0 3 4.8 19.0 3 4.6 18.5 2 0.1 0.5 13 3 3A BOULDER RIVER BELOW FLEMMING BRIDGE 1333A TOTAL COUNT: 400 # OF SPECIES: 55 SWDI : 2.94 88 POLLUTION INDEX: 2.52 SILTATION INDEX: 3 6.5 D0002 Achnanthes af finis Grun . 3 0.3 1.0 AOOOl Achnanthes austriaca v. helvetica Hust. 3 0.1 0.5 D0046 Achnanthes lanceolata Breb. ex Kutz. 2 1.1 4.5 D0048 Achnanthes lanceolata v. dubia Grun. 2 1.6 6.5 D0070 Achnanthes minutissima Kutz. 3 25.6 102.5 D0065 Achnanthes marginulata Grun. 3 0.1 0.5 D0079 Achnanthes pinnata Hust. 3 0.1 0.5 D0310 Amphora ovalis v. pediculus (Kutz.) V.H. ex DeT. 3 0.3 1.0 D0312 Amphora perpusilla (Grun.) Gmin. 3 0.1 0.5 D1107 Cocconeis placentula v. euglypta (Ehr.) CI. 3 0.9 3.5 DllOB Cocconeis placentula v. lineata (Ehr.) V. H. 3 1.5 6.0 D1601 Cymbella af finis Kutz. 3 0.9 3.5 D1638 Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh. 2 4.5 18.0 D1641 Cymbella minuta v. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabh.) Reim. 3 1.0 4.0 D1657 Cymbella sinuata Grec . 3 0.6 2.5 D2004 Diatoma hiemale v. mesodon (Ehr.) Grun. 3 0.8 3.0 D2718 Fragilaria intermedia Grun. in V.H. 3 0.3 1.0 D2726 Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. 3 1.3 5.0 D2730 Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters. 2 4.6 18.5 D2 95 0 Gomphoneis eriense (Grun.) Skv. et Meyer 3 0.1 0.5 D2954 Gomphoneis eriense v. variabilis Kociolek et Stoermer 3 0.1 0.5 D2951 Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehr.) Cl . 3 0.3 1.0 D3 056 Gomphonema angustatum (Kutz.) Rabh. 2 0.1 0.5 D3067 Gomphonema clevei Fricke 3 9.3 37.0 D3300 Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. 3 1.1 4.5 D3 3 01 Hannaea arcus v. amphioxys (Rabh.) Patr. 3 0.3 1.0 D3855 Navicula cryptocephala v. veneta (Kutz.) Rabh. 2 0.4 1.5 D3892 Navicula graciloides A. Mayer 2 0.4 1.5 D3 93 0 Navicula minima Grun. 1 0.1 0.5 D3957 Navicula pelliculosa (Breb. ex Kutz.) Hilse 1 0.4 1.5 D3995 Navicula salinarum v. intermedia (Grun.) Cl . 2 0.3 1.0 D3 998 Navicula schonfeldii Hust. 2 0.3 1.0 D4003 Navicula secreta v. apiculata Patr. 2 0.3 1.0 D4034 Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Mull.) Bory 3 0.1 0.5 D4214 Neidium iridis (Ehr.) Cl . 3 0.3 1.0 A0018 Nitzschia admissa Hust. 2 2.3 9.0 D4326 Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun. 3 0.9 3.5 A0020 Nitzschia dissipata v. media (Hantz.) Grun. 2 0.3 1.0 D4334 Nitzschia fonticola Grun. in Cl . et Moll. 3 0.1 0.5 D4336 Nitzschia frustulum v. perminuta Grun. 3 0.9 3.5 D4338 Nitzschia frustulum v. subsalina Hust. 2 0.1 0.5 D4352 Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse 2 2.5 10.0 D4368 Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun. 2 27.0 108.0 D4411 Nitzschia pura Hustedt 2 0.3 1.0 D4391 Nitzschia subtilis Grun. 2 0.1 0.5 D5100 Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kutz.) Grun. 3 1.5 6.0 D5605 Stephanodiscus minutus Cl . et Moll. 2 0.1 0.5 D5608 Stephanodiscus tenuis Hust. 2 0.3 1.0 D582 9 Synedra rumpens v. familiaris (Kutz.) Hust. 2 0.1 0.5 D5831 Synedra rumpens v. meneghiniana Grun. 2 0.6 2.5 D5818 Synedra mazamaensis Sov. 3 0.52.0 D1635 Cymbella mexicana v. janischii (A. S.) Reim. 3 0.5 2.0 D3093 Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. 3 1.5 6.0 D3094 Gomphonema olivaceoides v. densestriata Foged 3 1.1 4.5 A0012 Gomphonema rhombicum Fricke in A.S. 3 0.10.5 13 34A BOULDER RIVER AT 2 MILE BRIDGE 1334A TOTAL COUNT: 400 # OF SPECIES: 41 1334A SWDI: 2.1786 POLLUTION INDEX: 2.92 SILTATION INDEX: 4.4 •34A D0046 Achnanthes lanceolata Breb. ex Kutz. 34A D0048 Achnanthes lanceolata v. dubia Grun. 1334A D0060 Achnanthes lewisiana Patr. 1334A D0070 Achnanthes minutissima Kutz. 1334A D0312 Amphora perpusilla (Grun.) Grun. 1334A D1107 Cocconeis placentula v. euglypta (Ehr.) Cl. 1334A DllOB Cocconeis placentula v. lineata (Ehr.) V. H. 1334A D1601 Cymbella af finis Kutz. 1334A D1638 Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh. 1334A D1641 Cymbella minuta v. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabh.) Reim. 1334A D1657 Cymbella sinuata Greg. 1334A D2004 Diatoma hiemale v. mesodon (Ehr.) Grun. 1334A D2720 Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust. 1334A D2726 Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. 1334A D2730 Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters. 1334A D2950 Gomphoneis eriense (Grun.) Skv . et Meyer 1334A D2954 Gomphoneis eriense v. variabilis Kociolek et Stoermer 1334A D2951 Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehr.) Cl . 1334A D3067 Gomphonema clevei Fricke 1334A D3300 Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. 1334A D3700 Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. 1334A D3814 Navicula arvensis Hust. 1334A D3892 Navicula graciloides A. Mayer 1334A D3942 Navicula mutica v. cohnii (Hilse) Grun. 1334A D4326 Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun. «4A A0020 Nitzschia dissipata v. media (Hantz.) Grun. 4A D4336 Nitzschia frustulum v. perminuta Grun. 4A D4352 Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse 1334A D4368 Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun. 1334A D4411 Nitzschia pura Hustedt 1334A D4380 Nitzschia romana Grun. 1334A D4391 Nitzschia subtilis Grun. 1334A D4502 Opephora martyi Herib. 1334A D5100 Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kutz.) Grun. 1334A D5605 Stephanodiscus minutus Cl . et Moll. 1334A D5819 Synedra minuscula Grun. 1334A D5828 Synedra rumpens Kutz. 1334A D5840 Synedra ulna v. contracta Ostr. 1334A D3093 Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. 1334A D3094 Gomphonema olivaceoides v. densestriata Foged 1334A A0012 Gomphonema rhombicum Fricke in A.S. 2 0.3 1.0 2 1.3 5.0 3 0.3 1.0 3 21.8 87.0 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.8 3.0 3 0.4 1.5 3 1.4 5.5 2 2.4 9.5 3 0.4 1.5 3 5.0 20.0 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.1 0.5 3 1.3 5.0 2 1.6 6.5 3 0.1 0.5 3 1.1 4.5 3 0.3 1.0 3 3.1 12.5 3 0.8 3.0 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.4 1.5 2 0.1 0.5 3 1.4 5.5 2 0.4 1.5 3 0.5 2.0 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.9 3.5 2 0.3 1.0 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 3 0.1 0.5 3 0.5 2.0 2 0.3 1.0 3 0.4 1.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.3 1.0 3 50.1 200.5 3 0.6 2.5 3 0.5 2.0 Achnanthes Achnanthes Achnanthes Achnanthes Achnanthes BOULDER RIVER AT 2 MILE BRIDGE TOTAL COUNT: 4 00 # OF SPECIES: 57 3.2474 POLLUTION INDEX: 2.75 SILTATION INDEX Achnanthes austriaca v. helvetica Hust . clevei Grun . lanceolata Breb. ex Kutz. lanceolata v. dubia Grun. minutissima Kutz. marginulata Grun. Amphora ovalis v. pediculus (Kutz.) V.H. ex : D0312 Amphora perpusilla (Grun.) Grun. D1107 Cocconeis placentula v. euglypta (Ehr.) Cl . Cocconeis placentula v. lineata (Ehr.) V. H. Cymbella af finis Kutz. Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh. Cymbella minuta 'v. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabh Cymbella sinuata Greg. Diatoma hiemale v. mesodon (Ehr.) Grun. Diploneis elliptica (Kutz.) Cl . Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. Fragilaria pinnata v. lancettula (Schum.) Hust Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters. Fragilaria virescens Ralfs Gomphoneis eriense (Grun.) Skv. et Meyer Gomphoneis eriense v. variabilis Kociolek et D2951 Gomphoneis herculeana (Ehr.) Cl . D2953 Gomphoneis herculeana v. robusta (Grun.) Cl . D3056 Gomphonema angustatum (Kutz.) Rabh. D3067 Gomphonema clevei Fricke D3300 Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. D3301 Hannaea arcus v. amphioxys (Rabh.) Patr. D3700 Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. D3 817 Navicula aurora Sov. D3814 Navicula arvensis Hust. D3834 Navicula cincta v. rostrata Reim. D3850 Navicula cryptocephala Kutz. D3 855 Navicula cryptocephala v. veneta (Kutz.) Rabh D3892 Navicula graciloides A. Mayer D3 93 0 Navicula minima Grun. D4003 Navicula secreta v. apiculata Patr. D4028 Navicula tantula Hust. D4326 Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun. D4334 Nitzschia fonticola Grun. in Cl . et Moll. SWDI : AOOOl D0015 D0046 D0048 D0070 D0065 D0310 D1108 D1601 D1638 D1641 D1657 D2004 D2300 D2726 D2728 D2730 D2733 D2950 D2954 6.1 (Kutz.) Grun. V. peirminuta v. subsalina Grun, Hust, D4335 Nitzschia frustulum D4336 Nitzschia frustulum D4338 Nitzschia frustulum D4352 Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse D4356 Nitzschia linearis Ag. (W. Sm.) D4368 Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun. D4411 Nitzschia pura Hustedt D4391 Nitzschia subtilis Grun. D4398 Nitzschia tryblionella c. debilis D4362 Nitzschia montanestris D5100 Rhoicosphenia curvata D5605 Stephanodiscus minutus D5828 Synedra rumpens Kutz. D5831 Synedra rumpens v. meneghiniana Grun. D5818 Synedra mazamaensis Sov. D3093 Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. D3094 Gomphonema olivaceoides v. densestriata (Arnott) A. Camburn (Kutz.) Grun, Cl. et Moll, Foged 3 0.4 1.5 3 0.1 0.5 2 2.9 11.5 2 0.8 3.0 3 9.8 39.0 3 0.5 2.0 leT. 3 0.6 2.5 3 0.3 1.0 3 1.5 6.0 3 0.6 2.5 3 0.6 2.5 2 12.3 49.0 ..) Reim. 3 0.6 2.5 3 3.5 14.0 3 13.2 53.0 3 0.1 0.5 3 2.5 10.0 t. 3 0.5 2.0 2 3.8 15.0 3 0.1 0.5 3 0.9 3.5" Stoermer 3 1.4 5.5 3 1.0 4.0 3 0.3 1.0 2 0.5 2.0 3 0.8 3.0 3 19.9 79.5 3 0.8 3.0 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.4 1.5 1 0.1 0.5 3 0.1 0.5 , , 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 1 0.4 1.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.5 2.0 3 0.9 3.5 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.6 2.5 3 0.8 3.0 2 0.4 1.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.3 1.0 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.3 1.0 Mayer 2 0.3 1.0 2 0.1 0.5 3 0.9 3.5 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.3 1.0 2 0.3 1.0 3 0.3 1.0 3 11.3 45.0 3 0.8 3.0 13 3 5A BOULDER RIVER AT NATURAL BRIDGE 1335A TOTAL COUNT: 400 # OF SPECIES: 67 1335A SWDI : 3.6418 POLLUTION INDEX: 2.70 SILTATION INDEX: 18.0 ^k35A D0002 Achnanthes affinis Grun. fRsA D0021 Achnanthes deflexa Reim. 1335A D0046 Achnanthes lanceolata Breb. ex Kutz. 1335A D0048 Achnanthes lanceolata v. dubia Grun. 1335A D0063 Achnanthes linearis v. pusilla Grun. 1335A D0070 Achnanthes minutissima Kutz. 1335A D0065 Achnanthes marginulata Grun. 1335A D0201 Amphipleura pellucida (Kutz.) Kutz. 1335A D0310 Amphora ovalis v. pediculus (Kutz.) V.H. ex 1335A D0312 Amphora perpusilla (Grun.) Grun. 1335A D0804 Caloneis bacillum (Grun.) CI. 1335A D1107 Cocconeis placentula v. euglypta (Ehr.) CI. 1335A D1108 Cocconeis placentula v. lineata (Ehr.) V. H 1335A D1601 Cymbella affinis Kutz. 1335A D1638 Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh. 1335A D1641 Cymbella minuta v. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabh 1335A D1657 Cymbella sinuata Greg. 1335/- D2004 Diatoma hiemale v. mesodon (Ehr.) Grun. 1335A D2008 Diatoma vulgare Bory 1335A D2500 Epithemia adnata (Kutz.) Breb. 1335A D2710 Fragilaria construens (Ehr.) Grun. 1335A D2718 Fragilaria intermedia Grun. in V.H. 1335A D2720 Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust . 1335A D2726 Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. 1335A D2730 Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters. «5A D2954 Gomphoneis eriense v. variabilis Kociolek et 5A D3 0 56 Gomphonema angustatum (Kutz.) Rabh. 5A D3 067 Gomphonema clevei Fricke 1335A D3072 Gomphonema dichotomum Kutz. 1335A D3108 Gomphonema subclavatum (Grun.) Grun. 1335A D3300 Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. / 1335A D3814 Navicula arvensis Hust. 1335A D3850 Navicula cryptocephala Kutz. 1335A D3892 Navicula graciloides A. Mayer 1335A D3918 Navicula laevissima Kutz. 1335A D3928 Navicula menisculus Schumann 1335A D3930 Navicula minima Grun. 1335A D3957 Navicula pelliculosa (Breb. ex Kutz.) Hilse 1335A D398G Navicula pupula v. rectangularis (Greg.) Grun, 1335A D4003 Navicula secreta v. apiculata Patr. 1335A D4008 Navicula seminulum Grun. 1335A D4211 Neidium dubium f. constrictum Hust. 1335A A0018 Nitzschia admissa Hust. 1335A D4326 Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun. 1335A A0020 Nitzschia dissipata v. media (Hantz.) Grun. 1335A D4334 Nitzschia fonticola Grun. in Cl . et Moll. 1335A D4335 Nitzschia frustulum (Kutz.) Grun. 1335A D4336 Nitzschia frustulum v. perminuta Grun. 1335A D4338 Nitzschia frustulum v. subsalina Hust. 1335A D4352 Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse 1335A A0023 Nitzschia linearis v. tenuis (W.Sm.) Grun. ^^5A D4368 Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun. '^5A D4411 Nitzschia pura Hustedt 1335A D4380 Nitzschia romana Grun. 1335A D4391 Nitzschia subtilis Grun. 1335A D4610 Pinnularia biceps Greg. 1335A D5100 Rhoicosphenia curvata (Kutz.) Grun. 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.3 1.0 2 1.4 5.5 2 3.3 13.0 3 0.3 1.0 3 23.0 92.0 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.1 0.5 )eT. 3 0.6 2.5 3 0.4 1.5 2 0.1 0.5 3 2.3 9.0 3 3.5 14.0 3 0.5 2.0 2 3 3 15.0 L.) Reim. 3 0.4 1.5 3 3.9 15.5 3 0.8 3.0 3 1.3 5.0 2 0.1 0.5 3 0.1 0.5 3 0.6 2.5 3 0.1 0.5 3 4.5 18.0 2 5.5 22.0 Stoermer 3 2.0 8.0 2 0.1 0.5 3 11.9 47.5 3 0.4 1.5 2 0.1 0.5 3 1.8 7.0 2 0.4 1.5 3 0.1 0.5 2 2.0 8.0 3 0.1 0.5 2 0.5 2.0 1 0.4 1.5 1 0.5 2.0 , 2 0.1 0.5 2 2.0 8.0 1 0.3 1.0 3 0.3 1.0 2 0.3 1.0 3 3.5 14.0 2 0.9 3.5 3 0.3 1.0 2 0.5 2.0 3 1.4 5.5 2 0.5 2.0 2 0.1 0.5 2 0.3 1.0 2 2.8 11.0 2 0.3 1.0 3 0.3 1.0 2 0.6 2.5 3 0.3 1.0 3 0.3 1.0 1335A D5605 Stephanodiscus minutus CI. et Moll. 2 0.1 1335A D5700 Surirella angustata Kutz. - 10.1 1335A D5819 Synedra minuscula Grun. 3 o.3 «3 5A D583 0 Synedra rumpens v. f ragilarioides Grun. 2 0.3 35A D5834 Synedra tenera W. Sm. 2 0.6 35A D5835 Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehr. 2 0.4 1335A D5841 Synedra ulna v. danica (Kutz.) V.H. 2 0.9 1335A D3093 Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust . 3 3.9 1335A D3094 Gomphonema olivaceoides v. densestriata Foged 3 0.6 13 3 5A A0012 Gomphonema rhombicum Fricke in A.S. 3 1.0 13 3 5B BOULDER RIVER AT NATURAL BRIDGE 13 3 5B TOTAL COUNT: 4 00 # OF SPECIES: 3 8 SWDI : 2.5876 POLLUTION INDEX: 2.79 SILTATION INDEX: 2.5 D0002 Achnanthes affinis Grun . AOOOl Achnanthes austriaca v. helvetica Hust. D0046 Achnanthes lanceolata Breb. ex Kutz. D0048 Achnanthes lanceolata v. dubia Grun. D0056 Achnanthes lapponica v. ninckei (Guerm. et Mang . ) Reim, D0063 Achnanthes linearis v. pusilla Grun. D0070 Achnanthes minutissima Kutz. D1601 Cymbella affinis Kutz. D1638 Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh. D1641 Cymbella minuta v. silesiaca (Bleisch ex Rabh.) Reim. D1657 Cymbella sinuata Greg. D2004 Diatoma hiemale v. mesodon (Ehr.) Grun. D2615 Eunotia perpusilla Grun. D2720 Fragilaria leptostauron (Ehr.) Hust. D2726 Fragilaria pinnata Ehr. D273 0 Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters. D2950 Gomphoneis eriense (Grun.) Skv. et Meyer D2953 Gomphoneis herculeana v. robusta (Grun.) Cl . D3056 Gomphonema angustatum (Kutz.) Rabh. D3067 Gomphonema clevei Fricke D3300 Hannaea arcus (Ehr.) Patr. D3301 Hannaea arcus v. amphioxys (Rabh.) Patr. A0013 Melosira italica v. tenuissima (Grun.) Skabitsch. D3700 Meridion circulare (Grev.) Ag. D3814 Navicula arvensis Hust. D3995 Navicula salinarum v. intermedia (Grun.) Cl . D4326 Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun. D4334 Nitzschia fonticola Grun. in Cl . et Moll. D4335 Nitzschia frustulum (Kutz.) Grun. D43 3 6 Nitzschia frustulum v. perminuta Grun. D4352 Nitzschia kutzingiana Hilse D4368 Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun. D4411 Nitzschia pura Hustedt D5828 Synedra rumpens Kutz. D5818 Synedra mazamaensis Sov. D3 08 6 Gomphonema intricatum v. pulvinatum (Braun) Grun. D3 0 93 Gomphonema olivaceoides Hust. D3094 Gomphonema olivaceoides v. densestriata Foged 3 1.5 6 0 3 0.3 1 0 2 0.6 2 5 2 0.1 0 5 3 0.3 1 0 3 0.3 1 0 3 6.9 27 5 3 1.8 7 0 2 14.9 59 5 3 1.0 4 0 3 0.8 3 0 3 2.3 9 0 3 0.1 0 5 3 0.5 2 0 3 0.3 1 0 2 2.4 9 5 3 0.1 0 5 3 0.1 0 5 2 1.4 5 5 3 1.6 6 5 3 18.1 72 5 3 1.9 7 5 2 0.1 0 5 3 0.8 3 0 2 0.1 0 5 2 0.1 0 5 3 0.6 2 5 3 0.3 1 0 2 0.1 0 5 3 0.3 1 0 2 0.4 1 5 2 0.4 1 5 2 0.3 1 0 2 0.5 2 0 3 0.5 2 0 3 1.1 4 5 3 35.4 141 5 3 2.1 8 5 ^ /' •