b Bie - aa - : , iy de - : & TG, ¥ 4 i" core # ‘ ey ‘i | es hey et ; Pe. Oe o) ia . vy * + i ee hae ae Ay a ey, Vs ss Yt d 7 7 ion oe q “i = wy we ’ ‘¢ y if 7. | ied is) bi cs ie: pk a ae @ . : » ~ pn re, en oo = eae al DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY O. H. TITTMANN, Superintendent SURVEY OF OYSTER BARS WORCESTER COUNTY MARYLAND DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES AND LANDMARKS AND REPORT OF WORK OF UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SUR- VEY IN COOPERATION WITH UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND MARYLAND SHELL FISH COMMISSION By C. C. YATES CHIEF OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PARTY ASSISTANT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1909 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR \\.S COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY O. H. TITTMANN, Superintendent BURVEY OF OYSTER BARS Wy ORCESTER COUNTY MARYLAND DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES AND LANDMARKS AND REPORT OF WORK OF UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SUR- VEY IN COOPERATION WITH UNITED STATES BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND MARYLAND SHELL FISH COMMISSION By C. C. YATES \ CHIEF OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PARTY ASSISTANT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1909 LETTER. OF SUBMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY, Washington, April ro, 1909. Str: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report of the officer detailed from the Coast and Geodetic Survey to cooperate with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Mary- land Shell Fish Commission in surveying the oyster bars of the State of Maryland, and certain technical results which are necessary for the interpretation and use of the plats of the survey made by the Government. This work has been done under the provisions of the act of Congress entitled “An act to authorize the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to cooperate, through the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Bureau of Fisheries, with the shell fish com- missioners of the State of Maryland in making surveys of the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland,’ approved May 26, 1906, and of the acts of Congress making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1907, 1908, and 1909. Respectfully, O. H. Trrrmann, Superintendent. To Hon. CHARLES NAGEL, Secretary of Commerce and Labor. PAR — of & fi ae : , Vast O i? 8 < a A 4 fin’ a ve ‘ A fi e rus J . « , . d hy 7 4 CE Rel CAT lO, ANNAPOLIS, Mp., April 8, 1909. The following publication is certified to contain correct technical descriptions of all boundaries and landmarks established in the waters of Worcester County by the Maryland Shell Fish Commission in cooperation with the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. CRs MADE; Chie} of Coast and Geodetic Survey Party, Assistant, Coast and Geodetic Survey. ANNAPOLIS, Mb., April 8, 1909. Examined and certified to be correct. WALTER J. MITCHELL, CASWELL GRAVE, BENJAMIN K. GREEN, Maryland Shell Fish Commission. SWEPSON EARLE, Hydrographic I:ngineer. Notr.—Certified copies of this publication and of the charts of the natural oyster bars of Worcester County were filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of Worcester County and in the office of the Board of Shell Fish Commissioners, at Annapolis, on April 12, 1909. ‘an aoe 13) 7 ob ea i (ea Oe SRA 4 CONTENTS. Page. PROIS REGS PMAB = 2 oe Jen et ee ee Follows 67 Pan HR OF SUBMITTAL. —.=-—---------=< A ee a ee as = 3 MOR TIRIOATION§ 92522532 45-2— == =~=55 Es See eas ee 5 INTRODUCTION: iPr einige) essa tt as oe 2 oe ee II Cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey -- ------------=------------~----------- 12 z Cooperation of the Bureau of Fisheries__-_-_-_-_------------------------------------- 12 General statement of work of Coast and Geodetic Survey- ----_------------------------ 12 REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: lmaieuiitie Bewke = bee ees oe ee aS Se eee eee ee 14 @reamization and equipment =_--—_____-__42=== 22 22-8 n= = 15 Ghronological’statement of work== ~2_ 52-2225) 2)__ == -- 2-2 +--+ -- 15 Sgitsiless aseck Se eee soe De Te Sd ee Se a ee le 16 Cav avall nenmayed Se 22 vat BSE Set ie ala Se ee ee 16 CHARTS AND MAPS: RerrermesronmelturalfoySter NALS sees oa a 17 Weacinoicharts. 22.0.2 --25...--- ile oe 3 S26 32 ie a ee 18 Din pEetiOwGe see Shee ae ee Se eee 19 MLOoReSS MapSe se ses wes Se ee ee oe nee See et = 19 BOUNDARIES OF THE COUNTY WATERS: MiAtersawiihinntenitonaliunits Of County... 22-9 e= = ee ee 20 WO RUZES, COMMECIS Te) Gortning. | = ol Bee ee ee be ee 20 LANDMARKS (U.S. Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY TRIANGULATION STATIONS): i sullaeiitigil. 2s = SS Pe Sok ae ee Jeu 21 ) Method of describing triangulation stations_—__.---.-------_-------==+===--+----- ae 21 Descriptions of triangulation stations— siniprotanel (Secrplopiess map))== seer ene == = - ee 2 Be ee 24 (Calitise (Gas premacss imho) _ S S222 ee ee Se ee ee 24 Convent Water Tower (see progress map) _-----.---.----------=----------++------ 25 (Camiilt, (Gao jOESS WEY) 2 oe ees = eae ee ee Bree A's 25 Killick Shoal Light (Virginia) (see progress map) —---_---------------------------- 40 Chester Marcia) (See propLessimap))— — meee se Epto ye Wea ee 41 Assateague Light (Virginia) (south of chart limits, see progress map) ~~~ _---__---_--- 40 Chart No. 13 (Sinepuxent Bay)— imnailone ss oe ee oe. os See ee ee — 26 (hearin Citisy Wai Were. 2 cee a 2. 2 ee oe ee Se ee 26 hig e fee eo se Be eo eee eee ee 26 (Oheeiiis 3.5522 | ee eee ce SEs See 2 FESS rs eee et es © en Se Be epee ew Seo == === 25> 2 Laymo vey copay WY reotoliae ete = ee aa = = Se 28 (Cilio cas cob cesses soe te ee, Se ee 28 limlgapeelll = 22 Ss oct Se eo ee See a Se 28 Sensitive 2 22 Sse ee See ee Se ee ao 29 8 Contents. LANDMARKS (U.S. Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY TRIANGULATION STATIONS)—Continued. Descriptions of triangulation stations—Continued. Chart No. 13 (Sinepuxent Bay)—Continued. Bllpow:. .. = ==s5=5=s== se ee eee sea os Be ee ot Se BEACH < to 8ees ba eee ee soos feted eee ee North Beach Life-Saving Station (see also Chart No. 14)__-__--_____---._-___- Birch (see also Chart No. 14)_----=-=--- So -pgnteet signe eee Newport = aen- = 322 eee ee =. aoe Ree & LE we aes Beem eee 2 be HandysiHammock (Seevalso)ChantyNio. 104) > = ae ee Chart No. 14 (Upper Chincoteague Bay)— Birchs(Sseetalso.ChartNo: 13) =. 5-2-2 205. See North Beach Life-Saving Station (see also Chart No. 13)-------_-------_-____- IBeaconvG@lunips= ae 4 see Saas oe Ses See ee ee Mirna gainl (SeeyalsowChartyNo. 105) === = a= 25 So eee eee Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station Flagstaff (see also Chart No. 15)_________- Mandlet >: =2 222525 ee see oes LS eee ee Gilberts Cupola s2-%2) =.=. --_ =. 5.22 oe ee IRiGksS £0225 i osha be on i ase 3 ee ee re HandysthHammocks (seeralso:Chart No: 13) = es Chart No. 15 (Lower Chincoteague Bay)— hummagaing(See;alsoiChart No 14))22 2 == 9a ee ee Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station Flagstaff (see also Chart No. 14)__-_______ Maryland-Virginia (Life-Saving Station Beach) __________________----__--___- Maryland-Vireinias(Popevisland)_. . =. "= ees SE ee eee Rope tsland Wife-Saving station (Virginia) == =e ee Waldeat (Virginia): 225 .<.. 92. 525.2: Se ee ee Igong Point (QVarginia) ies. 8 2. 2 oS So Se ee ee GracesM.-E. (Church) (Wirginia)o.....--. 1.2.12. 2-0 ee Money, (Virginia) 2--9-24 2+. = =. - 222 hee eee BounDARIES OF OYSTER BARS: Hxplanatione;s=—- 2.222222 -/22a2 nee o- 7 i eet le Methodyofidescribing boundaries2 -==5-2----=" 2 5_-- ==) 5 Sugveyinemethodsifor relocation/of boindanies- =. -— = - Boundaries of natural oyster bars— Chart No. 13 (Sinepuxent Bay)— Southeeomt, (Seeialso\Chart No! a14))= = ee andyssHammock (seesalso/Chart No. 14) 2202-2) 5 ee Newponta(seevalsoiChant) No-.14) =.= S22 ee ee Chart No. 14 (Upper Chincoteague Bay)— Southeroints(Seefalso’Chart No. 13)22 25) 225-0 8 Handystiammock(SseeialsorChart, Non m3) as ee Newporty(SeeralsoiChartiNo: 13). 2-542 ee eee Contents. BOUNDARIES OF OYSTER BARS—Continued. Boundaries of natural oyster bars—Continued. Chart No. 14 (Upper Chincoteague Bay)—Continued. Warihenccorw leant Gener anes emia oe a Er Beet Creeks (SeerdlsosChanteNowis) eee oe: = ee ea = 2 ee attilesnalces(Seeralsol CuarteNonus 5) eee ee 2 ee Martine nomty (Seevalso\ChantyN Outs) seen = =o ee Re 2 Diamonds (SeeralsolChant NOS) saeeeemes = ee eee Chart No. 15 (Lower Chincoteague Bay)— Bech Creeks (SeeralsonCharteNowis) seen sae 222 ee ss 2 Se ee Watitlesnakes(seeralsoi@hantyNO 04) eee ao ee 2 Se Martine outs (seeralsoiChartiiNo v4) seas = = SPs Dian ondel Seeralsoy Chante 01-14) ene = eee Se BigyB avg on ts ee oe mene eal Mee oe ee We Li RSA OS eed eee eta 2 eee oe err Weepa Waters as aap esata aaa ew eerie nes oor ss Ue Steal steler Wlehdelal Le Sak ae ee ee de 5 ee ee ees WLgeNiagal INC Gray o So eo TRS Se OR Ae eee Ss 2 2 eet ea ee | Or VME ore ee Sok Se oN APPENDIXES: Appendix A.—Laws relating to the cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and Bureau of Fisheries with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission_______________________ Appendix B.—“The Haman Oyster Culture Law” (extract from Second Report of Shell Inigln Coyanaatssteye))\= eA DES Se 2 a ee Appendix C.—Summary of the particular surveying operations which constitute an “oyster SieNvaueal sO Waheinecarriedionmn Maryland == === 25. = 29) eee te Appendix D.—Statistics of results of the combined operations of the Government and State_ wn on wm ® RN HW OW on on nn Ww 66 67 \ MORN, Ca owl ' joint +n. Sah * APS ’ of ‘ te Pe a hy : a YY & my aa "y U j ‘Tif terpave a Wars ca aE ies Landes, : Ww DT J =” axl site’ { nk a 9 +" Ms %, 7 SURVEY OF OYSTER BARS, WORCESTER COUNTY, MD. INTRODUCTION. PUBLICATIONS. The preparation of publications relating to the survey of the oyster bars of Mary- land has been divided between the Government and the State in accordance with the laws 7 authorizing the work and the natural division of the surveying operations ° of the cooperating forces. The publications prepared and issued by the Government under the direction of the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey consist of a series of charts and a technical report for each county surveyed.° ‘The charts show all legal boundaries of oyster bars within the adopted boundaries of the waters opened up for leasing with each county, and the location of all landmarks (Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulation stations) used as a foundation for the delineation of these various boundaries. ‘The technical report gives technical and legal descriptions of all oyster-bar and other bound- aries, and descriptions of all landmarks shown on the charts, and includes the report of the representative of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in charge of the work of that Service in cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish Com- mission. These charts and technical reports are prepared and certified for file with the courts and the Commission, as required by the laws of the State, and contain all infor- mation necessary to make a permanent record of the work of the Commission and the Government for all future requirements of the courts, or for any resurveys that may become necessary.? The publications prepared and issued by the State under the direction of the Shell Fish Commission consist of annual reports® of all the operations of the Commission 4 See Appendix A for laws relating to the cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and Bureau of Fisheries with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission. b See Appendix C for a summary of the particular surveying operations which constitute an “ oyster survey ’’ as now being carried on in Maryland. ¢ These charts and technical reports can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, D.C. The publications ready for issue are those for Anne Arundel, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester counties; those for Calvert, St. Marys, and Charles counties are now being prepared. @ The technical records and charts for each county are published separately on account of the requirements of the oyster-culture laws of the State and the practical considerations which make it desirable to have each county “opened up’’ for oyster culture as soon as practicable after the comple- tion of its survey. For these reasons and the fact that these reports are each arranged for distribution and use in one county only without reference to other published records, much of the text of this publi- cation is of necessity identical with similar previous publications for other counties. ¢These reports can be obtained by application to the Shell Fish Commission, Annapolis, Md. They are issued annually in October, and the first and second reports are now available for distribution, It 12 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. performed under the provisions of the laws of Maryland,” including results of biological and economic oyster investigations, methods and results of the hydrographic survey of the boundaries of oyster bars and crab bottoms, the administrative report and financial statement of the Commission, information relating to oyster culture, methods of sur- veying and leasing of oyster lots, and much other important matter of legal and scientific value. These two sets of publications are planned and arranged to supplement each other without unnecessary duplication, and when combined they form a complete report of operations, methods, and results of the work of both the Government and State. ? COOPERATION OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY. The work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, as the name of the Service indicates, includes a survey of the coasts of the United States made on a geodetic basis. This has involved the gradual construction of a great framework of interstate triangulation for use as a foundation for detail hydrographic and topographic surveys, from which there has been compiled and published a complete set of charts of the coasts of the United States, including all waters of Marvland where oysters grow. This existing triangulation, hydrography, and topography is essential as a foundation for a correct and practical survey of natural oyster bars; and it being one of the fundamental func- tions of the Coast and Geodetic Survey to furnish such data, the cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish Commission is a practical and natural development of Government work leading to the conservation and increase of the supply of food. COOPERATION OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. The Bureau of Fisheries has cooperated with the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Maryland Shell Fish Commission principally as an adviser in matters relating to the biological and economic survey of oyster bars and the methods to be employed for that purpose.° A steam launch, rowing boat, and certain apparatus have also been furnished. The primary function of the Bureau of Fisheries is to increase the productiveness of marine and fresh waters by such measures as may be best suited to the purpose, and the services rendered in connection with the survey of the oyster bars of Maryland are strictly in line with the fundamental law under which it acts. In certain States other than Maryland similar work has been conducted by the Bureau acting independently, the same ends being attained at greater expense to the Government. GENERAL STATEMENT OF WORK OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY.¢ The results obtained from the work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in coopera- tion with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish Commission need very a4 See Appendix B for an extract from the ‘Second Report of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission,” giving a concise summary of the “Haman Oyster Culture Law.” ’ See Appendix D of this publication for “‘ Statistics of results of combined operations of the Goy- ernment and State.” ¢ Hon. George M. Bowers, Commissioner of Fisheries, has detailed for this service Dr. H. F. Moore, Assistant, Bureau of Fisheries. 4 For a detail statement of the very large amount of excellent oyster survey work of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission see the ‘‘Annual Reports of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission.” Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 1s little other summary than is indicated by the published ‘Charts of Natural Oyster Bars”’ and the scheme of hydrographic projections and triangulation stations shown on the county progress maps attached to each report. The triangulation has been carried on in accordance with the standard methods of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, making this work and that of the ‘“ Descriptions of Triangulation Stations” of permanent value, not only to the State of Maryland in the survey of her oyster bars, but also to the Government for any future work it may do in the regions covered by the oyster-survey operations. The hydrographic projections and published charts are prepared with all the accu- racy permitted by their large scale, especially as to the boundaries of the various shellfish bottoms in relation to landmarks, but this accuracy of location on the charts is further added to and permanently fixed by published technical descriptions which should minimize the probability of any future dispute as to either landmarks or boundaries. Stated another way and quoting from the report of the Anne Arundel County:”’ “e Survey of Oyster Bars of The geographic positions of the permanent landmarks and signals have been determined with the usual precision of a trigonometric survey, and their locations at all points necessary to provide ample foundation for the surveying and charting operations permitted great accuracy of definition and loca- tion for the natural oyster bar and other boundaries established. At the same time, the very important element of permanency of the positions of boundaries has been secured, as the relocation of geodetic positions can always be accomplished by a competent surveyor, even though the original landmarks and monuments have been washed away, as has been the fate of hundreds of such points established by the Coast and Geodetic Survey on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay during the last sixty-five years. In fact, when the survey of the oyster bars of Maryland is completed, it is believed that it will stand the test of time and practical use as a working foundation for whatever form the oyster legislation of the future may assume, and that the doing of the work systematically and accurately, once for all, means the establishment of a foundation of a great oyster industry by ineradicably locating the natural oyster bars for the use of the public, and a still greater permanent superstructure of real oyster culture as a reward for individual enterprise, by reason of the integrity of the survey by which the rights of the public are secured. REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY IN WORCESTER COUNTY. INSTRUCTIONS. The following two letters, together with the laws? of the United States relating to the subject, constitute the “‘instructions’’ received by the chief of the Coast and Geodetic Survey party engaged on work in connection with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission. They are short and definite, but furnish ample authority and leeway for all legitimate development of the cooperation of the Government and the State in the survey of oyster bars. The “‘free hand”’ permitted by these orders, together with the aid and many valuable suggestions received from the officers of the Survey at Wash- ington, have proved very beneficial to the work, and are greatly appreciated. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington, June 2, 1906. Sir: In reply to your letter of May 28, requesting me to designate officers of the Coast and Geo- detic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries to cooperate with the State of Maryland in making survey of and locating the natural oyster beds, I have the honor to inform you that Mr. C. C. Yates will be designated to cooperate on the part of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as soon as Congress makes the provisions of the act effective by providing an appropriation for the purpose. Respectfully, LAWRENCE O. Murray, Assistant Secretary. His Excellency Hon. EpwiIn WaARFIELD, Governor of Maryland, Annapolis, Md. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR, Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY, Washington, July 3, 1906. Sir: Upon the receipt of these instructions you will surrender the command, accounts, ete., of the steamer Endeavor to the Hydrographic Inspector. * * * As soon as this transfer is completed you will enter upon the duties of Coast Survey representative on the Shell Fish Commission of Maryland. You will consult the commissioners, prepare a programme of work, and submit estimates in the usual form. ° You are authorized to come to Washington for consultation from time to time as may be necessary. * * * * * * * Very respectfully, O. H. Tirrmann, Superintendent. Capt. C. C. YaTEs, U.S.C. and G. S Steamer Endeavor, Baltimore, Md. @ For these laws see Appendix A. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 15 ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT. The personnel and occupation of the party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey have remained practically unchanged since the beginning of the “‘oyster survey.” Besides the chief of party, it consists of the necessary triangulators, computers, draftsmen, and temporary employees required to carry on both the surveying operations in the field and the preparation for publication of oyster charts and technical records in the Office at Washington. The transportation equipment for the field work of the party in Worcester County was confined to hired launches and boats, as the waters of that region are too shallow for the use of the type of boats utilized by the Survey and the Commission in Chesa- peake Bay. It being impracticable to move the Shell Fish Commission house boat Oyster to the ocean coast of Maryland, the convenient living and office quarters furnished the Govern- ment on that vessel had to be exchanged for temporary quarters on shore. The greater part of the equipment of instruments for the operations of both the Government and State has been furnished by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and consists of all necessary theodolites, levels, sextants, drafting instruments, hydrometers, ete., required for all field and office work. CHRONOLOGICAL STATEMENT OF WORK. The field work in Worcester County dates from November 8, 1907, when the survey in Wicomico County was completed and the entire party moved to Chincoteague, Va., where headquarters were established. On December 6, 1907, a subparty was organized for field work in the upper part of the county, the work of this party being done from a small house boat which was towed by a gasoline launch. ; On December 19, 1907, all field work was closed for the season and office quarters established in Baltimore.” No further field work was done in Worcester County until March 23, 1908, when a subparty was organized to complete the triangulation, which work was finished on April 18, 1908. On March 8, 1909, a subparty was organized to do some additional field work in Somerset County, and at the same time to inspect and replace certain triangulation monuments in Worcester County which were reported to have been injured. This latter work occupied thirteen days and was completed March 30, 1909. The office work connected with Worcester County, including the preparation of the oyster charts and technical records for publication, has been continued intermittingly from the beginning of the field work, on November 8, 1907, to the present time. The delay in the completion of the office work was due to various causes, but chiefly to the desirability of utilizing the new shore line being surveyed for other purposes by a topo- graphic party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. This topographic work was available for use in the preparation of publications in beginning of present year, and adds greatly to the accuracy and value of the published oyster charts of Worcester County. @ Office rooms were furnished for the work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in the new custom- house by courtesy of Hon. William F. Stone, collector of customs. 16 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. STATISTICS.” Landmarke/and:tnanpulation sisnalsierected masse == ae ee 36 Monuments’ planted to mark triangulationmistations=—_ == =2_= 22 228-5222 es eee eee 34 Triangulation stations occupied for observations of horizontal angles__-_____-_---____-------- 38 Olditnangulation\ stations recovered =a eee = = ee a oe 2 eee ee 5 Newitranpiilation stationsestablished meee ss Seas 228 Se 43 Total old and new triangulation stations marked and described _-__-___--___.-_---_--_-___- 48 Linear miles of shore line covered by triangulation (approximate) -__-_-___-______-__-_------- 95 Sqtiare mules’covered by: trangulations(approsamate)=—— 2-25-92) = 2S 110 Hydrographic projections prepared and completed as records of oyster boundaries_ ___________ 5 rianglesrconipiuted|: =... =a eee een oe A ee 90 Geographic} positions comp ttted= See a a a ee 45 Corners of oyster boundaries established by computation ____---__-------.--------_-------- 108 Back azimuths and distances computed from corners of boundaries to triangulation stations____ 324 Descriptions of triangulation stations prepared for publication____________--_______________ 48 Descriptions of oyster boundaries prepared for publication __-____-----_------------______- 28 “ChartsotpNatural Oyster wWsars spreparedmon publicationes=s9 6). 6 == = a a ee 3 Progressimap prepared for publication == eee. — == ase ee ee ee I GENERAL REMARKS. Before ending this report the representative of the Coast and Geodetic Survey wishes to renew his statement of appreciation of the courteous assistance received from various Government and State officials and others interested in the oyster industry of Maryland, especially to the following: To his coileague from the Department of Commerce and Labor, Dr. H. F. Moore of the Bureau of Fisheries, whose well-known scientific knowledge of all matters relating to oysters has been of great value to the work. To Mr. Walter J. Mitcheli, chairman of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, who, by his administrative ability in carrying out the complicated requirements of the oyster laws and by his unfailing tact, has made the cooperation of the various services engaged on the work both agreeable and effective. To Dr. Caswell Grave, secretary of the Commission, who, as editor of the Com- mission’s annual report and Commissioner in charge of the biological and economic oyster investigations, has been brought into constant contact with the Government work and aided its operations in every way. To Benjamin K. Green, treasurer of the Commission, who has looked after the equipment and commissary of the house boat in such a way as to add greatly to the comfort and convenience of the party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. To Swepson Earle, hydrographic engineer to the Commission, whose knowledge of the work from former service in the Coast and Geodetic Survey has greatly facilitated his practical use of the technical data furnished by the Government. To Thomas H. Robinson, counsel to the Commission, for courteously furnishing valuable information relating to county boundaries. And to the many others connected with the Commission or who as residents in the locality where the work was being carried on have greatly assisted by furnishing important information or willing services. « These statistics only include field and office work directly performed by the party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in connection with the oyster survey of Worcester County, and do not include the many thousands of soundings and examinations of the character of the bottom made by the engineers of the Commission, which are of considerable value to the Coast and Geodetic Survey as hydrographic records for future use in connection with the preparation of new editions of charts of the waters of Maryland. CHARTS AND MAPS. CHARTS OF NATURAL OYSTER BARS. The charts? of the natural oyster bars of Worcester County, published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey from results of surveys of the Government in cooperation with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, consist of three sheets covering the greater part of the shores of Chincoteague and Sinepuxent bays, including all oyster-producing bottoms of Worcester County. They are published on a scale of 1 part in 20,000 (approximately 31% inches toa statute mile) and are constructed on polyconic projections which are based on the United States standard datum of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. These charts show all oyster bars and other boundaries established by the Com- mission, and are certified for the purpose of filing in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of Worcester County and in the office of the Commission at Annapolis, as required by the oyster laws of Maryland. In addition to the oyster-bar and other boundaries, the charts show the location and name of all landmarks (U. 5. Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulation stations) used in making the survey, together with the hydrography and topography ° necessary to make the technical definitions and delineations of boundaries readily understandable both by the people engaged in the oyster industry and the general public who may become interested through leasing of barren bottoms for oyster culture. The names of the oyster bars are those used locally, as nearly as could be ascer- tained by the hydrographic engineer of the Commission. When there was no local fame in common use, a name was selected from one of the prominent features of the vicinity. By the use of recognized names or those that would naturally suggest certain sections of water, it is believed that much confusion will be avoided in the location on the charts of the oyster bars, especially by those not familiar with the use of maps. The corners of the oyster bars are numbered from 1 to the total number of corners in each area under consideration. Where boundaries adjoin, making one point a comer of two or more oyster bars, these points have two or more numbers, each number corresponding to the bar in which the figure is located. The numbers of the corners correspond with the technical and legal descriptions of this publication under the heading “ Boundaries of natural oyster bars.” The landmarks and oyster bars have been grouped in the ‘‘Contents’’ of this publication in accordance with the charts upon which they are shown. To find a a These charts can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, D. C. b Much of the detail of the inshore topography was obtained from the excellent map of Worcester County prepared and published by the Maryland Geological Survey under the direction of Dr. William Bullock Clark from surveys of the Maryland Geological Survey in cooperation with the U. 5. Geological Survey. 82497—09——2 17 18 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. particular oyster bar or landmark which is only known by name, consult the “Con- tents’? and the desired chart and general location will be indicated. To find the name of a bar or landmark which is only known by location, consult the progress map at the end of this publication for the number of the chart on which it is to be found, and then examine the known locality on the chart for the name of the bar or landmark in question. The contours on the charts showing the depth of water at mean low tide have been taken from the hydrographic sheets of former work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The boundaries of the waters within the “territorial limits of the county’’ opened up for the leasing with Worcester County are plainly indicated on the charts. A description of this boundary is given in this publication under the heading “‘ Boundaries of the county waters.” The areas in acres of the oyster bars were determined under the direction of the hydrographic engineer of the Commission by two independent planimeter measure- ments of the areas as delineated on the smooth projections of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. These areas are given in small figures in parentheses on the face of the chart within the boundaries of the different shellfish bottoms. The symbols used on the charts for the different kinds of boundaries, triangulation stations, contours of depth of water, etc., require no other explanation than that given in the legend and other notes on the face of the charts. LEASING CHARTS. The leasing charts of Worcester County, like those for Anne Arundel, Somerset, and Wicomico counties, have been prepared under the direction of the hydrographic engineer of the Commission. These charts are constructed on polyconic projections which are based on the United States standard datum of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. They are made on the scales of 1 part in 5,000 or 1 part in 10,000, as the needs of oyster culture may require. Anne Arundel County required 13 leasing charts, Somerset County 12, Wicomico County 2, and Worcester County 3 to cover their oyster bottoms. These charts show all the oyster bars, crab bottoms, and clam beds and other boundaries established by the Commission, and also all boundaries of oyster lots leased for the purpose of oyster culture, thus making them comprehensive and valuable records of the results of the operations of the oyster-culture laws. The lots leased under the provision of the “old 5-acre law”’ are frequently of irregular shape, but the lots leased under the provision of the new oyster laws must be of rectangular shape by the terms of that act. For this latter purpose the leasing charts have been divided by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude into small rectangles of 1 acre or 5 acres, as may be best suited to the area under consideration, and prospective leaseholders by the rules of the Commission are compelled to select whole rectangles as far as practicable. For reasons of the present changeable nature of the number of lots leased and the large number of charts required, the leasing charts are not likely to be published for some years, but they can be seen at any time on file at the offices of the Commission, in Annapolis. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 19 PROJECTIONS. The polyconic projections * covering Worcester County waters are 5 in number and on the scale of 1 part in 10,000. They were constructed by draftsmen of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, who also plotted the sextant positions which determine the location of the legal boundaries of the oyster bars as delineated by the Shell Fish Commission. A copy of each of these projections, with all the plotted positions of triangulation stations, shore line, sextant positions, and boundaries of oyster bars, was made under the direction of the hydrographic engineer of the Commission by pricking through with a sharp needle the intersections of the projection lines and all other points as plotted on the original sheets. These projections (in duplicate) are the original records of all oyster-bar and other boundaries established by the Commission, one set being filed in the archives of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, and the other set in the office of the Shell Fish Commission, at Annapolis. PROGRESS MAPS. The progress map to be found at the end of this publication is on a scale of 1 part in 100,000, and shows in outline the work accomplished by the U. 5. Coast and Geodetic Survey in Worcester County and contiguous waters. It gives the scheme of all the_ charts and smooth projections constructed in connection with the survey, the location and names of all triangulation stations used as a basis for the surveying work, and the “boundaries of county waters’’ established by the Commission for the purpose of carrying out the laws of Maryland relating to oyster culture. Besides indicating the amount of work done by the Coast and Geodetic Survey in connection with the work of the Shell Fish Commission, this progress map will be of special value for index purposes to engineers and others searching for the particular chart or projection covering the locality of the oyster bars or landmarks that may be under consideration. The progress maps’ accompanying the first and second annual reports of the Mary- land Shell Fish Commission were prepared under the direction of the hydrographic engineer of the Commission. They are on the scale of 1 part in 400,000, and show the outline of the tide-water counties of Maryland, with shaded areas to indicate the waters already covered by the operations of the oyster survey. @ For the scheme of these projections see the progress map at the end of this publication. b These maps and reports can be obtained by application to Maryland Shell Fish Commission, Annapolis, Md. BOUNDARIES OF THE COUNTY WATERS.? WATERS WITHIN TERRITORIAL LIMITS OF COUNTY. The laws of Maryland relating to oyster culture provide that “no person shall be permitted, by lease, assignment, or in any other manner, to acquire a greater amount of land than ten acres situated within the territorial limits of any of the counties, or one hundred acres in any other place.” The boundary line? between the waters ‘‘ within the territorial limits’’ of Worcester County and the waters in “any other place,’’ as established by the Sheil Fish Com- mission for the purpose of carrying out the oyster laws, and delineated on the charts and the smooth projections of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, is identical with the boundary line between the waters of Worcester County and the waters of the adjacent States of Delaware and Virginia excepting the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore technically all waters opened up for leasing with Worcester County are within the “territorial limits’’ of that county. WATERS CONTIGUOUS TO COUNTY. The oyster laws of Maryland provide that a true and accurate delineation of all natural oyster bars shall be made on copies of charts of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, “which said copies shall be filed in the office of the said Commissioners in the city of Annapolis,’’ and “in the office of the clerks of the circuit courts for the respective counties wherein the grounds so designated may lie.”’ For the purpose of carrying out the latter part of this section of the law and for the purpose of establishing the limits of the oyster-culture area to be opened up for leasing with each county surveyed, it is necessary for the Shell Fish Commission to establish a boundary line between the waters contiguous to but not within the terri- torial limits of each county, and the waters contiguous to but not within the territorial limits of adjacent counties. But technically, as explained under the preceding heading of “Waters within territorial limits of county,”’ there are no “waters contiguous to the county’? in Worcester County excepting the waters of the ocean, and therefore there are no waters opened up for leasing with that county in which a person can lease “a greater amount than ten acres.”’ @ For a complete historical and legal description of the boundaries of the counties of Maryland, the valuable publication entitled “The Counties of Maryland—Their Origin, Boundaries, and Election Districts,’’ prepared by Dr. Edward B. Mathews and published by the Maryland Geological Survey under the direction of Dr. William Bullock Clark, Superintendent, should be consulted, as the bound- aries described in this publication have been established and technically defined for the purpose of carrying out the oyster laws of the State, and may or may not be correct for other purposes. b See “Charts of Natural Oyster Bars,’’ published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the progress map at the end of this publication, 20 LANDMARKS (U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY TRIANGULATION STATIONS). EXPLANATION. The oyster laws of Maryland authorizing the survey to be made by the Shell Fish Commission provide for “‘an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a descrip- tion of landmarks as may be necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the boundary lines of said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks, as shown by delineation on the maps and charts.’’ The law of the United States author- izing the cooperation of the Department of Commerce and Labor in the survey of natural oyster bars of Maryland provides for the erection of “‘such structures as may be necessary to mark the points of triangulation, so that the same may be used for such future work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as the said Bureau may be hereafter required to perform in prosecuting the Government coast survey of the navigable waters of the United States located within the State of Maryland.”’ Under the provisions of the sections of the laws stated above, the markings and descriptions of landmarks must be sufficient for the present and future needs of both the Government and the State. With this end in view, considerable work has been expended in erecting permanent monuments at the triangulation stations and in the proper description of their location. An effort has been made to arrange the descriptions of location and character of landmarks in a uniform and logical manner. The descriptions start with the assump- tion that the individual seeking a landmark has only an indefinite idea of its location. They gradually proceed from description of the general locality of a landmark to the descriptions of its immediate surroundings. This is followed by specific details of the character of the center and reference marks and a “‘round”’ of reference angles and distances which in themselves frequently contain enough information to furnish an independent and reliable location of the triangulation station. METHOD OF DESCRIBING TRIANGULATION STATIONS. The separate descriptions of triangulation stations should not be used without reading the following explanation of the method of describing the triangulation stations, as it con- tains certain details that are common to all the landmarks described in this publication and which are omitted in the separate descriptions as being needless repetitions. Name.—tThe title at the top of each separate description is the name by which the landmark or triangulation station is known and designated in all work and pub- lished oyster records or oyster charts of both the Government and State. The selec- tion of the name is usually left to the triangulator establishing the station, and it may or may not have geographic or other significance in reference to the locality. 21 to to Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. J y y General locality.—Under this heading is given the general locality of the landmark in reference to well-known and prominent natural or: artificial features, such as the nearest body of water, town, river, steamer wharf, well-defined point of land, church, or any other feature that is likely to remain both permanent and prominent. This heading also covers a reference to the published chart or map which shows the location of the station most clearly. Nearly all the triangulation stations described in this publication are plainly indicated by name and a triangulation symbol on the published charts of oyster bars of Maryland. In this case they are referred to by serial number only, the words “charts of oyster bars of Maryland” being omitted to avoid needless repetition. These published oyster charts are on the large scale of 1 part in 20,000 (approximately 3% inches to astatute mile) and show the location of the trian- gulation stations so clearly that in many cases the written descriptions will not be required to find them. Immediate locality —Under this heading is given the description of the ‘‘observed station”’ in reference to its immediate surroundings. This is supposed to include a statement of the station’s estimated elevation above high water or some other well- defined level of the locality, such as a road or house; the character of the ground on which it is located, such as marsh land, sand beach, cultivated field, or meadow; esti- mated bearings in points of the compass and estimated distances in yards jrom (not to) easily recognized features, such as extreme end of point, edge of bluff, bank of creek, line of telephone poles, shore line, barn, house, fence, ditch, trees, or any other definite detail, such as being on range with the tangent of an island and a church; and so forth. When a standard monument has been established near the station as a “reference station,” this heading also covers a statement of the true bearing of the monument in degrees and minutes and its measured distance in meters, as it is the first object that is likely to catch the eye when the immediate vicinity of the desired station is reached and might be mistaken for the center mark of the “observed station’ unless special attention is caHed to it. The distinction between the “observed station’’ and “‘reference station’”’ should be carefully noted by anyone making use of the description of stations for any future surveying operations. The “observed station”’ is located at the particular triangulation point covered by the description of stations, and is the one whose geographic position is first computed, as it is the point which was “‘occupied”’ and “observed on”’ for horizontal angles. How- ever, in spite of the primary importance of the location of the ‘‘observed station,”’ it will be noted from the description of stations that frequently it is not marked as well as the “reference station,’ and in many instances has only a pine stub to indicate its position. This is the case for the reason that the necessity of intervisibility of land- marks usually made it compulsory to locate “observed stations’ on edges of banks and ends of points of land, which in the tide-water section of Maryland generally means they will be washed away in a short period of years. The past experience of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in this region has shown the great need of “reference stations,” if the frequent reestablishment of a new framework of triangulation is to be avoided. The chief reason and need for the establishment of the “reference station,’ or secondary station, as it might be well named, is explainedin the preceding paragraph, but in several instances other reasons, such as the location of the “observed station” Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 23 on an unstable sand dune, in a cultivated field, in front of a residence, or other places objectionable to the landowner, have led to establishment of ‘‘reference stations.” The location of the “‘reference station’’ in relation to the ‘‘observed station”’ is fixed for plotting on charts or for computation of its geographic position by checked measure- ments of its distances and azimuth from the “observed station.” @ Marks.—Under this heading is given a description of the character of the permanent monuments or other marks of the location of the ‘‘observed station,’’ and of the “reference station’? where one has been established. All the marks designated in the descriptions as ‘“‘the center point of triangle on standard cement monument” are exactly alike. These monuments are made of cement, sand, and gravel, and are 2 feet long and 8 inches square at top and bottom. ‘Their tops are all marked with the same brass mold and show a center hole surrounded by a triangle, with the letters ““M. S. F. C.”’ arranged around the vertex and the letters “U.S. C. 5.” underneath the base of the triangle. The center hole is always in the center of the top of the monument by construction, and if this is found to have been broken off without disturbing the bottom the center of its square section can be used as the location of the station. ; All the “standard cement monuments,’ whether used for marking the ‘‘observed station” or “reference station,” have been planted upright in exactly the same manner, with thetr tops projecting 3 or 4 inches above the surface of the ground, unless otherwise stated. Therefore, as the above facts in reference to the “standard cement monuments” are a constant element in all cases, the repetition of these facts in the description of stations is made needless by this one statement. Rejferences.—Under this heading are given the ‘“‘rounds”’ of directions and distances to all objects that might be useful in locating the stations when the surface marks can not be found. It is also contemplated that for general purposes of topography, hydrog- raphy, or location of boundaries of oyster bars these references will be sufficient in many cases to relocate the position of an “observed station’’ or ‘‘reference station” when both of them have been destroyed. The first reference object given in the descriptions is always a triangulation station visible from the station being described, this, if possible, being a light-house, church spire, or other permanent and prominent point. Its direction is taken as being 0° 00’ 00”, and the directions of all other objects are measured from it as an initial point, the angles being taken in a clockwise direction (left to right). The true bearing’ of the initial object is always given in parentheses alongside its name. ‘This furnishes means for the calculation of the bearings of any of the other reference objects for the purposes of locating a station by horizontal angles or for the relocation of corner buoys of oyster-bar boundaries by the method of compass directions described in this publication under the heading of ‘‘ Boundaries of oyster bars.”’ ce @ Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, distance, and azimuth) relating to any of the “observed stations’’ or of the “reference stations” described in this publication can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, D. C. b The mean magnetic variation for Worcester County was 5° 55’ west of north in 1909 and increasing at the rate of 314’ yearly. 24 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. The distances in the last column under “‘ References’ are given in three different units, which vary according to their accuracy. The “miles” are statute miles and may be considered only as rough estimates. The ‘‘yards’’ are more accurate, but must be looked on as results generally obtained by pacing or careful estimating. The “‘ meters,” however, are accurate to the degree indicated by their decimals and in every case have been measured with a steel tape. In the same manner the accuracy of the directions are indicated by the refinement of angular measure with which they are recorded. DESCRIPTIONS OF TRIANGULATION STATIONS. THOROFARE. General locality.—Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay and southern shore of Isle of Wight Bay on land known as Drum Point. (See progress map.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on ‘‘Thorofare Farm,” about 400 yards from Sinepuxent Bay and 165 yards southwest from the Thorofare. It is in a cultivated field about 8 feet above high- water mark on the second knoll southwest from the Thorofare, 400 yards north of “ Thorofare Farm” house, 200 yards west of a wagon trail, and 32 yards southwest of the lowest point of the hollow between the two knolls. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top 12 inches below surface of ground. Cement monument marking reference station isin bottom of hollow between the two knolls 51.032 meters N 65° 21’ E of observed station and about on range with Isle of Wight Life-Saving Station. ” References.— pe Mahe “steyomthicynn (Sey? eis 19) 6) OS) CO) seses2 ’ 1% miles. Middle of lookout of Ocean City Life-Saving Station= 325. — = == seees - YG WA ONS) "nip. na aes 134 miles. lee-planttstackst== 2328 2 Sie sooo Ee 25s +30upe=s Sees 134 miles. Left tangent of water tank at OceanCity bridge- 281 53 __ ______ 158 miles. Between chimneys on Tabor house on Tabor PEST Tita ae rani Sn ees Be el oe SSB OOM Lass 154 miles. Chimney of “ Thorofare Farm”’ house_______ __ Ba Silvas © Sn. = so 114 miles. CONVENT WATER TOWER. General locality.—Between Sinepuxent Bay and Atlantic Ocean, about 1 mile north-northeast of “Ocean City Water Tower.’’ (See progress map.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a large wooden water-tower structure belonging to the Convent of Saint Rose, at Ocean City. This tower is detached from the main building and is a very prominent object. Marks.—Observed station is center point of top part of water-tank structure. References.—None necessary. GANTT. , General locality —Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, opposite Ocean City and about 14 mile back from the water. (See progress map.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is in cultivated field on Gantt (formerly Davis) farm, and is about 10 feet above high water. It is about 300 yards north by west of the old Davis farmhouse, on a ridge or slight rise of ground making ouf from woods, 260 yards east-southeast of old woods and go yards east of a young growth of pines adjacent to old woods. It is also about 70 yards north of east-and-west wire fence and ditch and 83 yards west of a north-and-south fence and road running to farmhouse. Cement monument marking reference station is 85.44 meters S 89° 48’ W of station in the edge of young growth of pines. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top 2 feet below the surface of the ground. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument with top about 4 inches above the ground. References.— tg 9 tl HIE lee atesol (Se? NN) ee So (0) evo Koos = I mile. FREE REN GH SPAIION = =o] ae Sees eee Sh) Oh Ones eee 85.44 meters. Bastitipsoh harniroofs== === == —— = sae HOG REY eee ee 2 34 mile. Chimney of ‘‘Thorofare Farm” house _____ 200! TOyne 2 seer 34 mile. Middle chimney of Convent_____________-_ 259 40) 8==, - soe 11% miles. Episcopal @hurchispire=== = = 286 35) 620) - 2 114 miles. Catholiel@hurchtcross= === a2 == 300 eA Oa ee 14 miles. “Ocean City Water Tower” ____________- Ost AGO mean ee 11% miles. Pewer-house chimney =-2==-—-----______= BOAO MMS == =e 114 miles. Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel__ 304 45 __ _____- 14 miles. Icesplanistackmeas = eee ees eee lee Gud he 114 miles. Left chimney of house on Tabor Hill______ B30). GN jae eee 1 mile. Near chimney on house on Tabor farm__-_ 359 31 —_ _----- 34 mile. 26 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. HAMILTON. General locality.—Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, in Ocean City, about 14 mile northeast of the railway bridge and two-thirds the way from Sinepuxent Bay to the board walk on the ocean side. (See progress map.) 2 Immediate locality.—Observed station is on sand and grass land about 6 yards east-southeast of the extension of the east curb line of Philadelphia avenue, 145 yards northwest of Episcopal Church spire, 16 yards east-southeast of the telephone line edge of wagon trail along proposed Philadelphia avenue, and 4o yards north of an exposed line of sewer pipe. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— 2 tee ee > Harmonia (S166 C820.) en ee ©! (00), \OORee ea 114 miles. Chimney of house on Thorofare Farm________ 7 i 1!4 miles. Right tangentiof Drum Pomtes.—-— = === Co Of ea rs I mile. Weftitany entote(s 10 =e eee += LLO* 34. 34 mile. MCroyayyCate \iVahire Wong ele. ee T40 49° /=-8- = es 34 mile. South end of roof of Quillin’s cottage. _______ U83i0- 33 0 eee 400 yards. Peak on tower of Doyle cottage_=_-__ ==___ 198 (OO! 12 eee 350 yards. ChimneyjofMenvilelcottapes=s. — -- = 2 oa640) So eeeeee 350 yards. Chimney jofHotel Hamilton = 32-52 s = eel 0) 53) ener avards: Episcopalibirehyspiresssee = eee 2A. 4A 2 eee 145 yards. ChimneyonvAtkins cottagese = = eee 27 595 Ole aa eee 175 yards. Flagstaff on left end of Mount Pleasant Hotel__ 287 36 -_ _____- 14 mile. PresbytentaniChirchispinese=== === =~ == seen 2050 42" 50) = aes 14 mile. Power-hottselchittnneyjaee et ee ee 208) N56 sees 14 mile. “Ocean! City, Wategower2e-0-- 2 eee ee Zi2eeg) Nae e Pee eeerernile: Between two chimneys on Tabor house_______ S47 NE AO pues ae 1 mile. Left chimney of Gray’s house_______________ ACA My (lane 114 miles. OCEAN CITY WATER TOWER. General locality.—Between Atlantic Ocean and Sinepuxent Bay, in Ocean City, Md. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality —Observed station is located about 80 yards north by east of Ocean City rail- road station, 30 yards south by west from curb of Talbot street, and 60 yards west by north from curb of Baltimore avenue. It is on a steel structure 100 feet high, supporting a large round water tank 25 feet deep, which is known as “‘ Ocean City Water Tower.” Marks.—Observed station is center point of upper end of standpipe. References.—None necessary. HARMON. General locality.—West shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about 34 mile back from west end of railroad bridge and just south of the B. C. & A. railway tracks. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is about 170 yards east of the first pine woods from the bay shore and about 145 yards east of some young growth pines adjacent to the woods. It is in a field about 72 yards south of the east and west railway tracks and about 65 yards south of the railway fence. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top about 12 inches below the surface of the ground. References.— o Ped 3 puGrarnittate(N) 4°31 01) Cas. =e eee eee eens reat (@} vs) wey SEELL= 1 mile. Near chimney of Harmon house _-__-_---__-_- JAG Gasneee == 14 mile. MCONVerlta ater Owen 2 = => =e ae eee ASie 59 geS OI ee 134 miles. Convent high chimney (not ventilator) ______- AO Phy es ee 134 miles. BpiscopaliChurchispires== 0. = = CA 2) Ose ae 114 miles. Presbyterian! Chiurchispires—— —— = ee Mew Ch A Se. S380 1'%4 miles. Right chimney of Tabor house_-_--____-_-___- AS Se ee 34 mile. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 27 ° , ” SA OCEATICT LYM VWateL wNOW ele eras eee a = 77, (O44, Op === 11% miles. Power-Holise Chimney === === = ee — 79) (OE) eee I mile. Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel_____ 80) (18) => eee 1 mile. (Croppersice-plantistacksmam= san see — 7 5 a 1 mile. Corner ofifedceiandi woodse== == 55-5" ss==5=—- 218) 22 Saeed any ands: Corner of railroad fence and woods_-________- 201 = 3 138 yards. B Orr ty Grane SCS oe eee ee eee 126) =2)9 2S eee 1g mile. Wenticlimproh theesmase sea a er Ise 3 5 1 mile. OCEAN. General locahty.—Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about one-third way from bay to ocean and about 3g mile south-southwest of ‘Ocean City Water Tower.” (See Chart No. 13.) , Immediate locality.—Observed station is on sand and grass land about 8 yards east of telephone line and about 2 yards west of an old line of poles formerly used to support wires. It is apparently in proposed extension of Philadelphia avenue, but this is uncertain, as the street lines are indefinite in this locality. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top 12 inches below surface of sand. References.— he ae Beith Pa (SiO4 OW) =o ee 2. sa nee OM IOOMIOO = a= = 114 miles. Near cornerjofaceyhouse sill]. 25-425) eee == TO) HS nae Weta 110 yards. Left chimney on Harmon house____-___---- AQWIB2 eos. Sse 1 mile. Left chimney of Tabor house ----_---------- TSA hie ee ees 34 mile. efit stackionCroppersice plant== == ses eeE T27" Thos eee 170 yards. Left tangent of Captain Ludlam’s office______ REG O4uis< (ees 165 yards. Near chimney on Ocean City station_______- TA OM WLOY pac eee 34 mile. pe @ceanGiiys Water (Ow el y= = ese ame Tee 2) = eee 34 mile. Powerhouse chimneys 22 == a= = 2 ae TG) ey re ee ee 3g mile. lagstatonvAtianticuhlotel= 2==.——-5=— =e TACs SON, > 22a 38 mile. Chimuneyohe24-stony, house= === =2— == _ = Sees N62) Ao, =5 suse 200 yards. INGaigConienOr MOUSes sess —5=—)- 2-2 ae ROS on ==. == 200 yards. Near corner of T. Cropper house - - -- ~~ _----- SAMOS sh =) Sarees 33 yards. Chimneygof-whtite houses see =e — = = ee AAS > eS 200 yards. Near comer of Baker house---2------.------ BS m Oey lex.) ea 134 miles. iBakeniwancnill= 2 Sew 2 Soe eee 2 = ACG tee 134 miles. Chimney of Buffington house__-_-__--__-_--- Gr Sieens4) 2p Se 114 miles. CSTsioN tessa \NVabaCohsottUC A See oes ZeRY 359 L- 2 sse= 134 miles. BUFFING. General locality.— Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, on lowland about 200 yards nértheast of knoll known locally as “Steam Mill Hill”’ and about 11% miles southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on sand and loam land about 2 feet above high water, 25 yards west from shore, 65 yards northwest of where wire fence meets shore, 30 yards northeast of nearest point of fence, and 60 yards from junction of fence and pine woods. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References. 9 ype Relat o thes (NETO onLO i) Ey) eee eee ON_OOy COE 7 mile. sConvent: Water Tower s---s2- -=5-- 25255 == ZBOWRO2. 1220 leas 5 258 miles. Between chimneys on Tabor house on Tabor Se a eae eee ae aks Se eee BOWES A, Coe eee 114 miles. piscopaliChurchispites=- a2 222) = = 2 2=—=Se= GOmMG Ie: Set seas 2 miles. Middle of Ocean City Life-Saving Station tower. 41 35 —-- ------ 2 miles. mOceanm Cray Water DOWER 2.2 a= = see A De Do ee OS 1% miles. 28 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. ° , ” Rower-bovse chimney= == === 2) AG Sum teaeee Se 11% miles. Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel____ 43 48 —- ----_- 1% miles. Cropperslice-plantistacks= === == ee AT LON eae 114 miles. Leftiend of fencetat/shore= sae 2 P55) (Ole a =e 65 yards. Left chimney of Kelley brown house ___--____ 187° (03. = eee 1 mile. Chimney at right end of roof of Buffington hotise 2 =) 32 2eee ee eo ee J 207.50: 122 Sea 200 yards. TAS buEThoventoyol \iAvetobeoibl? —— — eee 213 28 Sane OOnvards: Hence\and woodS2= pee en a esse. snes s 272) St © eee 60 yards. Chimney on top of hip roof of house________~ Bri. “TA. 4 mile. Rightitangentiofswiood Seem =e SLY 114) =e 60 yards. Middlevoficonventarooh= = ee 20/0153 sae 258 miles. ’ BUFFINGTON WINDMILL. General locality.—Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, on knoll known locally as “Steam Mill Hill” and about 114 miles southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality.—Near house belonging to Mr. Buffington. Marks.—Observed station is center of windmill tower. Rejferences.—None necessary. GUE: General locality —Kastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay nearly halfway between bay and ocean and about 1 mile south-southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality—Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 2 feet above high water, 130 yards west of Life-Saving Service telephone line, 200 yards west of top of sand dunes and 65 yards south of a square marble pillar projecting above ground in middle of a bare washed space. Cement monument marking reference station is 7.68 meters S 88° 58’ W of observed station and about on line with left end of woods below Buffington farmhouse. Marks.—Observed station is nail in stub flush with sand and grass. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— aH peButhrng 22 ((NIG7 OAC) = = @) 008 (00) === 34 mile. Rightendofibarniroohes== = s=-——— aaa Gr roy \Sa eee 114 miles. Chimney on near side of roof of gray house. 12 07 -_ -____- 114 miles. Near chimney of Harmon house __________ 45), Clgeeee ee 114 miles. Near chimney of Gantt farm house___-____ I eee ees 21% miles. Near chimney of gray house--~--_-----__-- Sy es Vege a Stee = 3 miles. Near end of roof of Tabor house on Tabor Bills 2. 2.4 ee eee tee sae Aey eats Se I mile. Left tangent of water tank on left end of Ocean|City brid gem a ae So pec eh Lee. 22S 11 miles. Between stacks of Cropper’s ice plant _____ O2u Og a4 ee 1 mile. E@ceaniCity, Water lowemm=e= === -— ae Ot: Marie Me IMSS ee 1'4 miles. Powerhouse) chimney === ae 940 S40 =, eee 134 miles. Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel__ 95 54 -- —----- 114 miles. Near chimney of Kelley house___-—-_____- 2OAta (OA a= aes 114 miles. Left chimney on Baker house___________- 320. cOSie eee see ee 114 miles. Bakeravandunill | = 2 ee 330: itn en eee 1 mile. REKEREN OH STATION =.= = eee ee 236 (On) g00====—— 7.685 meters. Chimney on Buffington house____________ BO: 40. oe se eee 34 mile. INKQUILL. General locality Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, near Coffins Point, about 238 miles south- west of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 29 Immediate locality.—Observed station is on top of a shell knoll about 1o feet above high-water mark, 30 yards west of shore, 100 yards from corner of fence near Kelley house, 150 yards from near corner of Kelley house, and about 55 yards southeast of a ditch. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top 12 inches below surface of ground. References.— ew ae mB iihines aN 2OMOLM@E) joes =e ane ea O90" Gore =e 1 mile. Near end of roof on Tabor house on Tabor Ein eee a Se A ts ee Like al 2; ea pe ea a 2% miles. Convent Wate Rowell 2 eee eee TOPs LO pee eee 31% miles. Between two chimneys on middle of convent LOOKS es a eran sir ty eae eS Te TOn (580 vee ae 3% miles. Whirchtspire = 22 a2 5522 = Ses ee eee PORLOS eee == 234 miles. Ocean City Water Owen | soem s aaa Piagy Sige ates Sere 238 miles. Power-house chimney __--______________#- Died Wat he gee | ee 23% miles. Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel__ 23 15 -- ------ 238 miles. Crapper sice-plant stacks] == = === se a= ee 2G Sey aedee oss 2 miles. ramrentt oh lands sae ae === eae ao ee ee nea Stee oe ts 170 yards. manventoflande = s22-- 9°. 602552. ooseee Soe 52). eee en 40-50 yards. Welt tangent offences — ---4--5----22-aee= i Ome One = 125 yards. (COMPO UANSS 6 a= SS ere ee ee oe fe / Oe OS meee eae 100 yards. Near chimney of Kelley house ___________- TOA VON gs eee cee 150 yards. Chimney of gray lhouse-__- ==_ 2) == ===-= BORE 23 eee ere 3 miles. Chimney of large four-sided roof_________~ DNS TC Seiae ete 114 miles. Bak eravine ule oe fee ae So eee BouAz Ee eee Ty mile. PeBiiinpton) Windmill 22222 2S ne eee BeOMEAD as waters 34 mile. Chimney of Buffington house____~________ BSG eal Beers 34 mile. SEASIDE. General locality.—Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about halfway between bay and ocean and about 2!4 miles south-southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on sand and grass land about 4 feet above high water. It is on the north side of an overflow from the ocean, about 200 yards from Sinepuxent Bay and 120 yards west-northwest of sand dunes between the ocean and the station. Cement monument marking refer- ence station is 10.32 meters N 52° 39’ E of observed station. No other permanent reference objects near station. Marks.—Observed station is nail in stub flush with ground. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument with top 4 inches above ground. References.— i) / ty pelnicginill?2 VN 66° 357 W)=-222=—- 22 Ase O00; (00) 2-2 == 34 mile. IBakeMmNOuse see — hans eee 22) (22, f. 592 2eeee 1 mile. Chinmeyszonuvbithingtonvbouse =—=—. see 43) 56 22 22 eee 114 miles. iabormbouse’ on! Labor Hilll=— == === = 522= 78 35 a22 cae 2 miles. Ocean City Water lower” =- -o=- sere 89) (18) So eee 214 miles. Powershotselchimney == 222. ses 5a=see= QO). (Oige = ee 214 miles. Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel. 90 35 -- ------ 214 miles. srelephoneypoles a= == eee Loree TOO, (AOmtO) === 81. 4 meters. RERERENCHSTATIONG© == os ==2 2-2-2522 —— 109), sd 20) = 10. 32 meters. Relephoherpolesee- sen see see See TAT OTRO! soe 39. 5 meters. fielephouespolesss a= =- sae fs 22-2. 4 22 27ers TEL ON ee 47.8 meters. Right chimney of Coffin Hotel______--__- SQUMETpe oe feos 2 miles. Right chimney of Kelley brown house_-_~_- SO RMEIO ge we ee 34 mile. 30 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. ELLPOW. General locality.—Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about 14 mile inland from what is known locally as Powell Point and about 314 miles southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on marshy grass land well back from bay, near a property line indicated by crab apple trees and a wire fence which runs from bay to crab apple trees and joins a snake fence. It is about 14 mile southeast of Hastings house, about 14 mile southwest of Kelley house, and about !4 mile northeast of Coffin Hotel (a large, unpainted, square house with four-sided roof). Cement monument marking reference station is 7.20 meters S 83° 50’ W of observed station. Marks.—Observed station is nail in pine stub flush with the ground. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— ? Am Sad SEassett,? (Seto? 32/4 W) aaa == - soe @ @o) Co) =2-=- 114 miles. “North Beach Life-Saving Station” ______~ of do) 30-2 654 miles. Chimney of Henry brick house __-___--__--- Gy .48, 2s) se25es 17 miles. Chimney on right side of four-sided roof of Coffin Hoteleaa2 =e ea SQy 401. 24 — ee 14 mile. REFERENCE STAUION == =e ee se = == ae 730 18) (OO) ===—e= 7.20 meters. Chimney on left end of roof of Hastings OUSC == == See ae ee = UZZ LOW ss. eee 14 mile. Baker windmills ae eee = eee 203% AT Mees Shee 134 miles. Center of roof of Baker house__________--- 205; 02) yoene eee 13 miles. = Butington Wind maillt eee se ee ZO Ss) wee Sosass 17% miles. Chimney of Buffington house_-_----_--__-_- 2065 100, Nea Hare 17% miles. ““@cean\ City, Watenelowenu— asa] 2 ae 2A NOS eee -- 3% miles. iPower-hotise chimne yaa ae 24) CAgN eee ae 314 miles. Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel __ 215 10 -_- _____- 3'% miles. BEACH. General locality —Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about halfway between bay and ocean and about 3 miles south-southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 3 feet above high water, 250 yards west of shore of Sinepuxent Bay and 2 feet east of line of telephone poles. Cement monument marking reference station is 6.40 meters N 0° 23’ E of observed station. No other perma- nent reference objects near station. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. (NoTe.—Reported lost in shifting sand at date of publication.) References — on er as Selakcc till? (IN. 22°05 ON) eee ee OP LOOM COR ee —= 11 miles. C@upolajon Baker hovse==s === === = eee BEING eae = ae oe 114 miles Bakerawindmill. “22 eee eee ee ye Mie 2S Se Bee 1% miles. Nearest chimney on Baker house_-__--_-_- ~~~ Sp tO7G Re = ae oe = 114 miles. Cupolajon) Buthnston| barnes 50 20, oy eee 178 miles. SBithugton) Windnaill? 22 eee ee TOReAD ¢=Sere sae 178 miles. Chimney on left end of roof of Buffington LO) (= = a= Se SS = a 17° 100" seen ee one 178 miles. RUB RE REN CHES TA TIONS a j-. = oa te een nese 23! 20, SO jee 6.40 meters. Between two chimneys on Harmon house_--- 24 214 —-~ ~--_-- 27¢ miles. Mabou houseson! Labor ill === === see 37) 08k sane 27% miles. CroppemSuce-plant stacks: = === === esa 44 (00) 42 5252-= 234 miles! “Ocean City, Water “lower... =e AAN 58: = Beene oe 3 miles. Flagstaff on square roof of Atlantic Hotel__- 45 54 -- --/__- 3 miles. Pomtiofiour-sidediroote === =.=. = a aene= 240 27) see 33% miles Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. Bit ° , ” OV royayeaaeilis: \WWainobrer ible oS = ee 249) 45 ¢4ae eee 338 miles. Chimney on near end of Henry brick house__ 287 40 —_ -____- 2 miles. Beltitancent of Coffin Motel==-=2——-— === == 301 13, Saye 2 miles. Right chimney of large white house__-___-_- B15. 37) 3 2 miles. Left chimney on Kelley brown house _ ~~~ ~~~ 256) 20 22 te. = ee aemailes: FASSETT. General locality—Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay about 14 mile north-northeast of Fassett Point. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality Observed station is on shell and marsh land about 2 feet above high water, 120 yards south by east from slough making into marsh, about 140 yards west of side of point, and 110 yards north of side of point. It is about 200 yards northeast of a fence with a clump of trees beyond it. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— “North Beach Life-Saving Station” (S 10° ° %’ ” ABI IW ino 82 oS ae ee ee as Se O} (00) (00) - === 51% miles. Rancentiol pote s= see as a ae RUNG 22, Seay 300 yards. NGI GSS Ree So ee eee Sa G05 OMA Oram == 34 mile. Wetteot clump oltreeSsee seo a5. are PARRY. eee eae 500 yards. Ruphivedse of clumplon theese=== een LD) 20) 2 -) 2 _- Fae 400 yards. Chumneyitonaray, DOUSS joe ae 89, 405 2 == ==2=== 54 mile. Right tangent of roof of brick house_________ POG el Sygnes eae 34 mile. Chimney on center of red roof on white house__ 141 26 __ _____- 34 mile. Chimney on left side of a French roof house___ 165 10 -_- -____- 2 miles. SOUS ee Ae ee ee ea ee er eres TOW is= (es eons 120 yards. Pelkere giao ban) | ae Se ee ee se 1 2tes Ole = eee 2% miles. Chimney on right edge of Baker house_______ MOge 24. 2 Sees 21% miles. eBiLan ston ind millet eee cee ee MOS 27) 21) a eee 3 miles. Between chimneys on Tabor house near Ocean (Gig? lnk Aes Bee 2OONs53) -==) =2=== 4% miles. Ocean) City, Water Lower = ———-=----==—= 5 2OWMA == eee 458 miles. sConvert: Water lOWeh = sss. 2625. .-555-—5 BORMIOS | os > = seas 5 miles. Rower-hovse Chimney = sea ae BOSMEAQ) in seo mies 5 miles. Flag pole on square roof of Atlantic Hotel_.___ 206 08 —-_- ______ 45% miles. SHORE. General locality.—Eastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about halfway between the bay and the ocean and about 414 miles south-southwest of Ocean City. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality—Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 2 feet above high water and 16 yards east of line of Life-Saving Service telephone line poles. Cement monument marking reference station is 6.78 meters N 72° 59’ E of observed station. No other permanent objects near station. Marks.—Observed station is nail in stub about 3 inches above sand. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— 2° Us ee eee li powaesi Nie Qcws5aW)))2= Seen = = nae OMOONE OOM =e 134 miles. Chimmneysoferaysbouse= ==. =a a= DBO = 4 ae 214 miles. Bakeravind rile. es aa a ae ZS} « 1 ae ee 25 miles. Left chimney of Kelley brown house ___~_ ~~~ 21S)" Ce 2 miles. Bakemhoseipeyoud= === s—2—-=-- = 2 POMS GL saeee es 214 miles. PebiitheaeronwWaodnitlleeee a ee RAUESO woe Sa- 3 miles. Bufington house chimney ----.---.---1_- OS, ANG br ae we eS 3 miles. ho Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. ° aA Chimney of Tabor house on Tabor Hill_____ 46,. 35) 2. eee 4% miles. “@Ocean(City Water lloweuu== === i52'y (OO! Poe 4% miles. Rower-houseichimney === === ee = ee 52. 120) @Se4ese ase 4% miles. REFERENCE STATIONS === = eee = eee TO2 3304 Senet 6.78 meters. Top point of large four-sided roof _________- 267 “58a 2% miles. = Longwells) Wand i= 268! 20! == See 21% miles. Large chimney on house in woods_____-____- 278'8 102) $2 = ees 218 miles. Left chimney of Henry house -________ $25 :5°287) 35, eeeaeaeee 11% miles. Left chimney of brick house= === == _- 2 = 330) Tse ees 2 miles. Chimney on left end of gray house________- 340) (06) 24> Paes 2 miles. Left chimney of Coffin Hotel_____________- 340) (42) 22. see 134 miles. NELLYS. General locality.—Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about 114 miles north of Sandy Point on a point of land near place called Nellys Bar. See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is about 5 feet above high water, 45 yards west-northwest of extreme end of point, 25 yards from north side of point and 20 yards from south side of point. It is on the edge of a cultivated field and about !4 mile southeast of a large old-fashioned 214-story brick house. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References. s Rasseftivn, Niza cob) pees a ee “AUBibGabateAHoyol \WiAborehoond)l)—_ — = Chimney of Buffington house —____-_-_------ Between two chimneys on Kelley house_ _ _ _ Near end of roof of Tabor house — _________ “Convent Water Uoweree= =—=— —-- Middilciohiconvert === === === ae Churchispite= 22 eee. 2 a eee Church'spite: 2 eee “Ocean| City, Watem@owerZ= = — == -=s==eee= Power-house chimneymee = = eee Middle of square roof of Atlantic Hotel ___- “North Beach Life-Saving Station” _______ slangentiof Sandyseorniee a= === ae Weather vane on Longwell house _-_-_~- ____- pelLong wells) Wind nite == ee Left chimney of Henry brick house ___-_____ BAR. General locality.—Kastern shore of Sinepuxent Bay, about (See Chart No. about 514 miles south-southwest of Ocean City. fo} J ad 00) 100) 2o5-—= 34 mile Dl 30Weseee 4 miles. 22) 2 ype eee 4 miles. 54 Sys 27% miles. ° CN Geer oes, 5 miles. OO: -. aaa 61% miles. 21) == eee 6% miles. 205) ba e 6 miles. 36) = 5 eae 6 miles. 43). 2p 6 miles. 05) eee 6 miles. 22: 2 eee 6 miles. 400 Omer 458 miles 03) |: eee 114 miles 4OW on; = eee 1 mile O6R 2. Seen 1 mile orl ase OS 4 mile. halfway between bay and ocean and 13.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on sand and grass beach land about 3 feet above high water, 110 yards west of top of sand dunes, and 5 yards east of line of Life-Saving Service telephone poles. There are no permanent objects near the station. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— SIN ellvsia(Ni66° 2445W)): = -- eee Southerly chimney of Henry brick house_--_ Chimney on northerly end of roof with two gableswandows=— 225 2s2=---2..-- See Chimney on middle of red roofed white house__ Left chimney of large white house__________ ° , ur Gleyi Ci.) “a5 114 miles. GU" ame eee 114 miles. 23). 2 miles. 42) = Ses 236 iamiles: 27 eee 23% miles. , Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 33 Chimney on southerly corner of four-sided roof ° oe tL OMe yi HOUSE Eee ae ees eee ee = — 48 20% 34 Saeore 2% miles. Bakenwindnalll epee ees ema 72) 16 23 3% miles. Se Buthagtons Wind mills es Sees 28 76) 164 ==, 374 miles. Buthneton house ichimney===-s=- = = 22 = - 10.250 37% miles. “@OceanCity \Watelalowelr sas ease 89 Sas: Sas eaules! Powerhouse (chimneys === tase aee | ee ee - 80\) 240 =e 514 miles. MielepHoOnespOles =m anes eee ee 80.28) =. o--=ee 32 yards. iielep tone polete sone see obese See ee saws = 2750 45 be) 2a 65 yards. Middle of roof of Longwell house-_--------_-- Rey ey st eee 114 miles. LONGWELLS WINDMILL. General locality. —Western side of Sinepuxent Bay, about !2 mile north by west from Sandy Point. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on tower in rear of house on “ Longwell Farm.” Marks.—Observed station is center of windmill. References.—None necessary. SANPOI. General locality.— Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, on Sandy Point. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on sage land 2 feet above high-water mark, about 80 yards west of extreme end of point, which is well rounded, 40 yards north of one shore of the point and 110 yards south of the other shore of the point. It is about 25 yards east-southeast of one end of a grove of crab-apple trees and about rro yards south of the other end. Small bushes about 18 inches high sur- round station. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— oa) Al: th “North Beach Life-Saving Station”’(S3°33/W) 0 00 oo -___-- 338 miles. North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff _____ One hts acs eee 338 miles. Tangent to “Indian Graveyard Point’’_____- FOr AAs = se tee eee i mile. Grab-appleitrees sees a. 2 nase. 2h Sees GA a 2h, Seba se 70 yards. Southerly chimney of stone house______-_-__- FOL D5 == 2ee=e5 Y% mile. Left end of grove of crab-apple trees__________ MOSh bes | 2. eee 25 yards. WarkebrowiunouSe sass nee =. eet ee MO 2 ok ee 1% miles. s Oceani@ity Watermlower ose= ==-) _-- ene 208, TO) =. =. =e 614 miles. Chinmneyion) bakeribarnis. 52. sesso = oe LOOM KO. == sess 434 miles. Chimpey on Baker houses =) 25-5. -e8—-5 = —.— OO} AT. == ae 434 miles. Tabor house near Ocean City bridge__--______ BOdh 58) -\ - | eo 63 miles. MUD. General locality.—Eastern shore of lower Sinepuxent Bay, about two-thirds way from bay to ocean and 1 mile east-southeast of Sandy Point. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on sandy ground about 3 feet above high water, 60 yards west-northwest from top of a sand dune, 100 yards east of head of a small, narrow inlet from Sinepuxent Bay, and 110 yards east-southeast of a line of Life-Saving Service telephone poles which pass about 18 yards to the east of the wagon trail. Cement monument marking reference station is 18.84 meters N 57° 54’ W of observed station. No other permanent reference objects near station. Marks.—Observed station is a nail in a stub flush with the sand. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— “North Beach Life-Saving Station” (S.219 ° /’ "6 33) MW) sa sees dan Se oe ees OOO} OO) 525-2 314 miles, Stelephone poles] ssn see eee AQT (OL) se Sass = 150 yards Southerly chimney of storehouse ____ ~~ ~~~ Stn Ol, saya a= 114 miles Aigo — 3 ” 34 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. ° , ur Melephone!pole=-=- --== === eee 83. O7n Po Sys 110 yards. REFERENCE STATION) = = 22a =e eee as oe 100; 26/5 50, -o==5 18. 84 meters. Northerly end of ridge of roof of large barn. 104 0g —- ~----- 134 miles. ‘alongwells; Wirdmual lee TO8) 264) 2o0e eae 1% miles. Top point of fout-sided roof__________--- 108) 27° 2s 154 miles. Chimney on southerly end of long building. 119 05 -- ------ 134 miles. elephone pole [22 Sess Saas tees T2026: 22) ss ee 125 yards. Near chimney of brick house______-_----_ 130) {44e eee 2 miles. ‘@cean) City, Water tower se=-2-----—— — DSO/5 Oe 2On ee 6% miles. INGRAYA. General locality.—Western shore of Sinepuxent Bay, on easterly side of Sinepuxent Neck, on point known locally as Indian Graveyard. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality —Observed station is about 5 feet above high water, 55 yards north of nearest shore, 180 yards west of extreme end of point near bushes, and 80 yards east of where a ditch coming from the northward turns to westward. ‘Two trees, each about 75 yards distant, are located on the line of the ditch. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top 14 inches below surface of ground. ‘ References.— “North Beach Life-Saving Station” (S 12°25’ ° % W 1D) eee ee = @ ©) Cs) aesece 234 miles. MangentitolGreen\ om us== =e a= === ee 2.99 Lae Vy mile. Corer of ditch -- Saree === 2-55 S a= TO9) IO) = Sate5 80 yards. sireesSnnches diameter sas = = ee TIS) 20° 2. 2eeeee 75 yards. direc) Siinches diameters — = nee 162. 24) 2. 2a ees 80 yards. Near chimney of 214-story house (Hawks Nest). 216 54 -- ------ 34 mile. Slongwells: Windmill == — ee 219 50; 23 114 miles. Gangentiofsandyebointe= ses > 2 aes eee 239 43- == SESS 114 miles. Bushes to east of end of point _________--__- 299° 2a 2 ee 180 yards. SALT. General locality.—Eastern shore of lower Sinepuxent Bay, about two-thirds way from bay to ocean and 114 miles south-southeast of Sandy Point. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality—Observed station is on sand and marsh beach land about 3 feet above high water, 105 yards east by south of line of poles of Life-Saving Service telephone line, and 175 yards east of a small creek known as “ Jones Salt Works Drain.’’ No permanent objects near station. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— “North Beach Life-Saving Station” S 20° ° aks BOUW))jooa¢ <3 = 3=-e eee ae GMOO\ 7002 ae254 2 miles. North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff_._._.. 0 14 20 —___-- 2 miles. Melephone :pole: .._-__ == =3 See ee ae eS See SOh BO" (Jovy Soa 175 yards. Melephonespole- =. = ==s2e 52a =f ede 72k BO See 135 yards. lNoues; salt Works ‘Drain= === Sor) = a ee 175 yards. Melephonespole{._. =22. <== ees TET 448}? See 135 yards. Weftichiumneysof Stone house] s—se— =e T2t< 44) Lee 134 miles. Telephone pole_.-----.----- ee a 137) HO7l) Soa eee 200 yards. “Longwells Windmill” ___.__...___-- a PA 336 see 2 miles. Center of roof of white house___----------- TAL «4A 33, SELES 21% miles. Near chimney of 2!4-story house_____------ T5020) va eee 414 miles. ‘@ceantCiky, Waren wloweL == === —- === ea T8207) 740 peers 734 miles. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County; Md. 35 NORTH BEACH LIFE-SAVING STATION. General locality.—Atlantic coast side of strip of beach land between lower Sinepuxent Bay and the ocean. (See Charts Nos. 13 and 14.) Immediate locality—Observed station is on lookout cupola on the North Beach Life-Saving Sta- tion. This cupola is a gable-roof structure on a gable-roof 2!4-story house. Marks.—Observed station is a black and white 4 by 4 inch pole secured temporarily to the exact middle of ridge of gable roof of lookout cupola. References.—None necessary. BIRCH. General locality.—Southern part of Sinepuxent Neck, between Sinepuxent Bay and Newport Bay, about !4 mile north-northwest of South Point. (See Charts Nos. 13 and 14.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on the northwest and higher of two knolls about 20 feet above high-water mark, 600 yards east of Island Point, 200 yards northeast of shore of upper Chin- coteague Bay, 75 yards east-southeast of where a ditch and fence meet, and about 400 yards southwest of a house and barn. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— pee hey “Guilberts Cupola’ (S 48° 09’ W)------- ©. Horo (oo) ERR seS 634 miles. Chimney on left of a small house _______- TW as Saree 434 miles. Nail in blaze in walnut tree (20 inches di- ameter) i. 24 eos SS es oe See 2 TA ea Sass 28i6remebtets: Chimney on black roof of white house____- 2 OTN A Om verte fe She 414 miles. Pldandys) Hammocks. =. 25252 5-55-55 eeergAdeagin gon 2 ow 3 miles. edaritre ese re ta eee Fe | ee ATES O ss) 2 ee 80 yards. Nones windmill eee Stee. SSS eee ATM eee S| 2 eee 3% miles. Nailin’ blaze in walnut tree.__---_-_--_-= 669933) 4o: ) == S=2eoreeo meters. Chimney of house near “ Newport” _____ POR SO i ee 2% miles. Holivatrees=o= kee noe ee sk See SOMES in 22 eee 150 yards. “Cedar tree near Birch farm buildings_ __-___ TSAR SSS ee 300 yards. Chimney of Birch farm house____-______- ROCMES2s 2 = sees 300 yards. (Chae aii ete SS es Ss ee ee ee e216) | Sy 195 yards. Chimney of hotel near “North Beach Mte-saving statlonw= = see= == DE OMMA QM (ane 21% miles. Nailin blaze injwalnut tree== = — —- —=- -_- BAU Is4, == == 12.72 meters. NECK. General locality —Northeastern shore of Newport Bay, on easterly side of Newport Neck between Greys Inlet and Spence Cove. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on marsh land about 400 yards northeast of Knot Point, roo yards north from shore; of Spence Cove, 50 yards northwest of small marsh inlet, and 10 yards south of edge of a prominent grove of old oaks. There are bushes between the station and the oak grove. Cement monument marking reference station is 12.72 meters N 7° 23’ W from observed station. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. (Nore.—Top disconnected, but recemented.) ._References.— 2 Hoarty oil “Handys Hammock” (S 53° 53’ W)------ Oh, (OOS MOO! == S224 3 miles. tallswatenibuShes= 5. =ee seer. a see C7 eee, oe Seo 75 yards Houseibehind||bushes= 2222-22 = ee Lee =. ss 414 miles Weft chimney of large houses =~ 2252252522 DOMES hee ae 234 miles. Chimney of 114-story white house __-______ AREAS, pep ee an = 14% miles. = Wehtwed peloh Oaks gTOveme == =e = — ee OTL A Navaho N= | 25 yards. Nail in blaze of persimmon tree (3 inches uae Een) ee a eee | ee TOOMEGO) SON ene == 12.24 meters 36 Survey oj Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. Nail in blaze in oak tree (12 inches di- ° ’ Be ameter) =: 5. 9-25-s5. = eee we Il7 35° 30 =2---= 25:28 meters. REPERENCH STATION === ase eee eas LIS) 436 4Owee ease 12. 72 meters. Nailin blaze in oak tree=S eee 173) d OF)» | See eetereee 17. 88 meters. Chimney of house in woods____-_________ 276132. entre 34 mile. Left chimney of large house_-—--__-____-_--- ieee lon ane ete 1 mile Tangent of marche === ee Se 25 Bi O7m naa ea ee ly mile Right tangent of Island Point____-____~_- 304) W200) eee ee 114 miles. Tangent of marsh point___-____-___- 2/2 334s MORNE tis eee 14 mile NEWPORT. General locality.—Northwestern shore of Newport Bay on easterly side of elevated land known as Cropper Island. (See Chart No. 13.) Immediate locality—Observed station is on elevated tilled land about 5 feet above high-water mark, 200 yards west of mouth of marsh creek in bay shore, and 150 yards south of the only house on the island. It is near east edge of tilled land, about 70 yards west from edge of marsh. The tilled and marsh land is separated by a strip of land covered with trees. Marks —Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— 2 Ol hi Necks2n(Si86 oo) eee == 2 ee Lee ©; (O00) 400). =25-5 114 miles. Avhousé ==) — Si Se ees Bin? A Drege he eee 2 miles. Chimneysof Birchsihogse =e = a ee 214 miles. Walnut tree (24 inches diameter) _-_*_--__- 820 530) = oe 70 yards. ‘HOTeec trees = - = ene eee ee Se See Ogos) eee e 150 yards. Left tangent of point of land___-__--____- BUSIO7 Soy oe aeee 1 mile. INiewriba tis 5— > Gea ee 8 M20 \OGi) ..) aes 214 miles Chimneyonjshouseatee eee as= = =. eee 133 39 = ese 114 miles. Chimney on left end of house____--______- 158, 30), =. —--oee 1 mile (Ghorn bushes =5 22 sate eee eee Lite AA >.) 3k ee 150 yards. * Chimneyionl hoses ae a ee 2008-57) = ee 150 yards. Double walnut treeseeeee == = 2-225 2G OAT) 22 eee 250 yards. Wrell\sweep -<=2 = Seese- 2 e555= epee OPACITY yin, = eee 200 yards. HANDYS HAMMOCK. General locality.—Western shore of upper end of Chincoteague Bay and western side of entrance to Newport Bay on solid land partly surrounded by marsh known as Handys Hammock. (See Charts Nos. 13 and 14.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on a sand knoll about 1o feet above high water and 140 yards west-northwest from the extreme end of the narrow point on which it is situated. It is about 35 yards west of another short point, 30 feet south-southwest of shore at a sand beach, 20 yards north of a thorn bush and 50 yards north-northwest of a small pool 20 feet square. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— “North Beach Life-Saving Station” S$ 82°13’ ° % ” 1B) eS 2. Re A ee GC) {Soy feof eee - 5 miles. North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff _____ OG TA) ae, eee 5 miles. Left edge of woods beyond Kelleys Point_---- LOG 0) ) oa 21% miles. Miyailestree’ =. 2° - eee 1-2 eee ee TES) coy ote 50 yards. Chimney on left end of large white house_____ I@t 57 ey eee 114 miles. Chimney right end of another large white build- fp eeeran 2 le see Sk. Ae eee LGO S45 te ioe =< 214 miles. Center of large white house __-__ S252 N46. 42 eee oees 114 miles. Rightiendiof new barn roof ———. - - - -==as=e== L78 Ls) eee 11% miles. Wart chr! a ee ee ss Se 201 42 Jee eeeas 14 mile. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 37 ° , ” Chimney of house with two piazzas_..-..---- 224 17 —_ ----_- v% mile. Chimney of large unpainted house __~--------+ 251 Toy See 1 mile. Middle of clump of 12 persimmon trees__-_____ 267 350) =, 50 yards. Chimney on near end of large white house__-- 289 48 —__ ______ 2% miles. Rancen tito, South Ome see a eee eee 354.30 3 miles BEACON CLUMPS. General locality.—Easterly side of upper Chincoteague Bay, on the southern and larger of the two small marsh islands called Beacon Clumps. (See Chart No. 14.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a small marsh island covered at extreme high water. It is situated about 35 yards south of shore, 22 yards west of shore, 28 yards north of shore, and 75 yards east of shore. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— 2 See seGiulberts Cupola’) S778°'50° B)a2== 2 — CoYBE(O; 0) (0,0) jee 4% miles. Modern house being constructed ____________- eels) SS eee 4% miles. ilombiniding 2" ese cme ie eee Eggi ste So ea avn 414 miles. Chimney of Jones house on Newport Bay ___-- 5 Pi SOMean sees 614 miles. Near end of roof of house on South Point___-__ SG rei Spies 5}4 miles. First tree near North Beach Life-Saving Sta- WOME = 2. Hoe eS oS . o Saeee LOZ Sat quel Tika et 5 miles. North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff _._. 111 13 -- ------ 5 miles. “North Beach Life-Saving Station” __ ~~~ __ TD aLG 20) sae 5 miles. Other Beacon Clump=2ses=ss-4 2-54 a) ee MLO wes iS. eae 14 mile. Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station lookout__ 255 46 -- _----- 314 miles. Right end of Green Run Inlet woods________- Dole 3) a ee 3% miles. Between two chimneys on cream-colored house_ 339 -- -- —_---- 5% miles. TURNAGAIN. General locality —Eastern shore of Chincoteague Bay, on main land marsh about 1 mile southeast of Whittington Point. (See Charts Nos. 14 and 15.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on marsh land awash at high water, about 75 yards south from shore, 55 yards east from shore, and about 83 yards west from shore of a small bay. A creek runs nearly around this piece of marsh, but does not make an island of it. No permanent reference marks near station. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— “Pope Island Life-Saving Station” (S 15° 22’ ° fe Rl VW) Se es eee a Rar OF 500). (00m 434 miles. Point om landaee 5-6 Ase ee ee LS) \O2 hae fsa 14 mile. POiiotelanice: f=, eke, Leia he Pye 2 2 1) OY Hag eo 2 miles. Rott ormotsh ae 2= 2 sen ee Si Of. ant hee - 1g mile. Rointhohslartde syst ce heed a ook. 2 See t OF 54 ae 14 mile. Point orland): = 222.4 26s sen ae See 164) 6a 25 ees 14 mile. Romtron nus saarsn oe es LOA e228). psa 1g mile. Beginning of woods__-___-___-___-_- eee 25 Tel | Sees! 1 mile. Catsinetopiolk woodse: =e 4s. = bese BS WesyASi te k=. Eee 34 mile. Bricotiw COGS 45-2 =n eet Soe = a ee ZLGeg).) Say aeenss 14 mile. wand: dune bebind woods=—--=—--_---..=--_= BONA A, « fees oe 134 miles. Wiamipioiitiecs== — = some Saree 52 Ae CAS) a ee ee 134 miles. aeckablingd = saat tee ee aes et SE RG VUE eee 1 mile. 38 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. GREEN RUN INLET LIFE-SAVING STATION FLAGSTAFF. General locality—Atlantic coast, about 18 miles south-southwest of Ocean City and about 15 miles northeast by north of ‘ Assateague Light.’’ (See Charts Nos. 14 and 15.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is detached flagstaff with a topmast belonging to Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station. Marks.—Observed station is center of flagstaff. References.—None necessary. LANDLET. General locality.— Western shore of Chincoteague Bay, about 214 miles south of Snow Hill Landing, on point of land known locally as Watermelon Point. (See Chart No. 14.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a small sandy island surrounded by marsh land and about 20 yards west of shore. ‘This so-called island is the only hard land on the marsh point and is about 1 mile to the east of the nearest solid land. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top 2 inches below surface of ground. References.— S Bae oat ~Guilberts Cupolas GN Zeon) = —— = eee @ e) iGo == -- . 2'% miles. Chinneycofiwhitelhouse==s==ee=—— = - = ae 8) G02) 2 Se 4 miles. Right of GreensRumlwoodsamee = 9= eee DTI 92 9 nha te See 5 miles. “ Pope Island Life-Saving Station” __________ 1S Days2: (Sg le eee 634 miles. Four trees on Martin Point __--__- 4 2 ae eee 185 21 ie ae 1 mile. Left of clump of trees called Purnell Hammock_ 197 23 —-- --___- 34 mile. House.) = 2-2) 5a eee ere en aac Bie i553 ee, ee 6 miles. Manpetree j=... ae eee ee eee eee = ee AGS BHO) ee os on 14 mile. Chimney-of whiteshovseee ees. = ae 2 OW (OO, fa 34 mile. @Cedarston|propertyalinese a= = — =e 2175S Oper eee 3g mile. Chimney on middle of house______-----____- SIO AIS) EN mene 1 mile. Chimney, outside of howsel== == --- = #222 ee Roo Kole So eee ae 1'4 miles. Nearendiofilarcelbannmem===2— -- =e eee BAaBOS 9 ee ae 114 miles. GUILBERTS CUPOLA. General locality—Western shore of Chincoteague Bay, close to Snow Hill Landing. (See Chart No. 14.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a large mansion house located about 100 yards north- west of the land end of Snow Hill Landing. Marks.—Observed station is center point of top of cupola. ’ References.—None necessary. RICKS. General locality.—Western shore of upper Chincoteague Bay, on point of marsh land about 11% miles northeast of Snow Hill Landing called Ricks Point. (See Chart No. 14.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a marsh point about 20 yards west from a pool making into marsh, 20 yards south from shore and go yards north of shore. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. Rejferences.— “Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station flag- © ee Staten(S) aro 48? Bs. - ee A ee 0) 100} oo mean 614 miles. ‘Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station cupola_- 0 08 05 _____- 614 miles. Right tangent of Green Run woods__---- Seis, 7 “45 ae SS 7 miles. Rightatangentiol pool==e=. = 2 == === eee 32), 8" Ves =e 20 yards. Right tangent of Martin Point_____________- 52) (30) 22. eee 4% miles. GCeriter of Purnell Hammock=-—_-==222=222== Oy ae ee a = 4% miles. Weititancentotpomtee. =. 2. 2- eae 61.07). ae 14 mile. Guilbestiyvsndimille2 2 ee a= = eee 83°26, eee 114 miles. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 39 fo} t wr Chintney near end of honuses====522=-==—-=_- 1.18! y 370 rae ae r mile. To first of four points of land or line________- 189. (54a eee 100 yards. Waindmillionired) tank a= see Sele == 195, (325023 eee 2 miles. Centenon thickiwoodsSsee—== == ee seaea 201 Soo =e 114 miles. Right tangent of Kelleys Point___--______-- 231 O87 seSeeee2 2 miles. North Beach Life-Saving Station flagstaff _.__ 279 42 20 ______ 614 miles. etttangentrol poole == === === === aa” = 293 Si ao ee 4o yards. Left tangent of Robins marsh. ----_.--__-=-- 229) 25) 1. 34 mile. mebeaeonn@ lit s yee a= mae een re renee 339) 26) 25a 334 miles. Motthnotipool ime seen a ne ae 340M 265 2 eee 30 yards. Right tangent of Robins marsh____________- BAQNO2 25 sees 34 mile. MARYLAND-VIRGINIA |LIFE-SAVING STATION BEACH). General locality.—Atlantic coast near ocean beach, on boundary line between Maryland and Vir- ginia and about 14 mile north-northeast of Pope Island Life-Saving Station. (See Chart No. 15.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on marsh and sand land about 230 yards northwest of high-water mark on beach, 75 yards west of top of sand dunes on inner edge of beach, and about 50 yafds northwest of the Life-Saving Service telephone line which runs along the beach in midst of bushes at this point. Marks.—Observed station is the center of an old granite monument (said to have been established many years ago) which marks the boundary between Maryland and Virginia. Top of monument is 6 by 6 inches square and projects 18 inches above the ground. The top is marked with an east-and- west line from corner to corner and the letters “M”’ and ““V”’ to indicate the Maryland and Virginia sides of the boundary, respectively. References.— “Pope Island Life-Saving Station” .S 20° ° Pees TOV) eee teria me eee a Se so seeees (0) 00!) coweee === ty mile Weltwpeakiof barnitoot==— 2-52. —— === eee SY. -3Olt | ieee ly mile. ““Maryland-Virginia Boundary, PopeIsland”__ 63 55 -- ------ 34 mile. Chimney on old house on Pope Island _______ (yer base ae eee ta 34 mile. Pineltreeanicdttoward.“Mill’7= = oss 2 Ses eeees DES Oy, yaa ee 14 mile. First telephone pole from end of bushes____-__ MOG. 52s hh= Nees 190 yards. Fifth telephone pole from end of bushes ___ ~~~ BORO 265) @ as aameee 110 yards. Sixth telephone pole from end of bushes___ ~~~ PORTE OG)s 2.2) j= aa 52 yards. Seventh telephone pole from end of bushes fourth from life-saving station) _____-.._.. 330 58 -- ------ 88 yards. Eighth pole ‘signal pole at life-saving station). 357 03 -- ------ i mile. MARYLAND-VIRGINIA (POPE ISLAND). General locality —Western side of Pope Bay on eastern side of Pope Island, about !4 mile north- east of its southern extremity and on boundary between Maryland and Virginia. (See Chart No. 15.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on hard land 3 feet above high-water mark, about 10 yards west of shore, 85 yards south of an old house, and 10 yards east of bushes. Marks.—Observed station is the center of an old granite monument projecting 18 inches above ground which marks the boundary between Maryland and Virginia. Top of monument is cut in a square 6 by 6 inches with an east-and-west line from corner to corner and the letters “M” and “V”’ to indicate the Maryland and Virginia sides of the boundary, respectively. References.— 2 ae 1 “Pope Island Life-Saving Station” (573° 45’E)- 0 oo oo ______ % mile. Richttangentotshanty== === = === ea ee US fe (S2eee ace 34 mile. Righttancentotboathousen ss 9925255 eee INOS. Wark 2 ec ee 14 mile. Centenof smalliisland = =s22—-- - === ee (Oh, 2 sh. eee 1¢ mile. aneentonbopelslande ss a= —- = === == eee PEEP RY) J 14 mile. 40 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. ° / ur diwovlarge pines =.= 22>: See = 136) Moy) Be eee 14 mile. Beftiotgbushes..45% 2. 83-4 ae 19m So) wees Pas 10 yards Wear corner of old houses ==s2ses=== - =i2cea= 28308, Sarees ae 85 yards Point of land near life-saving station wharf____ 336 22 -_ -_-___ 14 mile. Drill pole near life-saving station____________- Eamon be oy ee os 15 mile POPE ISLAND LIFE-SAVING STATION (VIRGINIA). General locality.—Atlantic coast, on Pope Island Beach, about 934 miles northeasterly from “ Assa- teague Light.’’ (See Chart No. 15.) Immediate locality—Observed station is on the main building of the Pope Island Life-Saving Station, which is a gable roofed 11!4-story wooden structure with a square lookout cupola. Pointed cap piece of cupola supports a weather vane in the form of a fish. Marks.—Observed station is center of weather-vane spindle. References.—None necessary. WILDCAT (VIRGINIA). General locality.—Northerly end of Chincoteague Island, on westerly side of Assateague Bay. (See Chart No. 15.) Immediate locality—Observed station is on marsh land, about 14 mile south of upper end of island, known locally as Wildcat Point. It is inshore about 100 yards northwest of mouth of small marsh drain emptying into Assateague Bay. The marsh creek or drain makes a decided turn about 12 yards south of station. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— 2 a. Nabil “ Assateague Light” (S 26° 06’ W)----.--=--- O) 00) 00 922222 5577emules: Rightitancent of woods=amerere =e 20 ASS oe aa eae 1 mile. skallick Shoal ight eee == = =e 301/37") 4Or sean 414 miles Ritst cedates= — aa ee eee =) 2 eae Aq y52ie eee 1% miles. Glump of cedars. Sees = 2 ee 66" 2:1 £2 -seese 114 miles. Aumiarshyisland!2= soe wememae = oe ee TOG) 92 eae 114 miles. Right tangent of marshy island____________- 130)" 4). pee 114 miles. Left tangent of Ragged Point_-__.---_---__- 072) ORs: Sota eneee 1 mile. ShantyionuRar ced hott ee =e TO? 42) aes 1 mile. Hirst tree on Rapred’Pomtess - == 25 ses 200) Li "= ese 1 mile. Second tree on Ragged Point __—_------=-_=- 210) 4) ep eee 1 mile. Sandidune. - <2 See ae ee eee 250 I mile. Sutth Hammock ‘sanddtime== === = 252s ss B22" Deng ta gee ee 114 miles. Middle of boathouse on beach_~-_ ~~~ --_-_---- 335152) ant a ees 3 miles. AMmarsh timp. 25 awe eae = = eae iO) eS ae = SSE ae 34 mile. ASSATEAGUE LIGHT (VIRGINIA). General locality —Southerly part of Assateague Island, seacoast of Virginia, about 214 miles from its southwesterly point. (See progress map.) Immediate locality —Red tower, 154 feet above sea level and 129 feet above its own base, known as Assateague Light-House. Marks.—Observed station is center of black lantern. References.—None necessary. KILLICK SHOAL LIGHT (VIRGINIA). General locality —Southerly end of Chincoteague Bay, on Killick Shoals, off entrance of Chinco- teague Channel. (See progress map.) Immediate locality.—Screw pile structure known as Killick Shoal Light-House. Marks.—Observed station is center of black lantern. References.—None necessary. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 4I CHESTER (VIRGINIA). General locality Southern and western shores of Chincoteague Bay, about % mile south of shore of bay and 14 mile east of solid land known locally as Mosquito Point Farm. (See progress map.) Immediate locality —Observed station is on a mound of dry land surrounded by marsh, known locally as Fox Hill. It is on the highest point and near the apex of the mound, which is V-shaped and about 15 feet above high water at the station. The mound gradually falls off to the level of the marsh from the station to the ends of the V, which are both about 150 yards distant, and at the extreme apex, which is about 25 yards to the north. Reference station is 5.82 meters N 80° 51’ W of the observed station. Marks.—Observed station is center of tile pipe surrounded by cement with top flush with ground. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— 2. ag “ Assateague Light”’ (SRS Grol) Se @ ey Co) 2-25 514 miles. Tower on Wallops Beach Life-Saving Sta- tion Aes tet toe Fs i ee 60445 RS ease =< 5% miles. Gupolarofibarne see Sans asa ae eee asin 53: See == 34 mile. IRERER ENCE STATION =o =: =o 25 -- se nee 150)" O08 “LOree2 <= - 5. 82 meters. BGrace: Me. By Ghirchjeee oa es eee BAS 5277 Sees... \ 54 malese pekcilick: Shoal Wiphtspe = 2 ooo oo ee ee Beer GO sea. 3% miles. West spire of Union Baptist Church at Chin- : GOSH oe ot See ee ease BAN Ae et > oe ee 4 miles. LONG POINT (VIRGINIA). General locality —Western shore of lower Chincoteague Bay, near Long Point, about 4 mile east of Franklin City. (See Chart No. 15.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on marsh land about 40 yards from end of point of main- land, 30 yards southwest of shore and 20 yards north of shore. A small marsh island is located about 200 yards east of the station, which was once a part of the mainland and known as Long Point. Ref- erence station is 11.81 meters N 42° 37’ W of the observed station. Marks.—Observed station is center of tile pipe set in cement with top flush with the ground. Reference station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— Dorie rae BANNING 3 8c1O 7B) mer meee oe a a ae = OMGO) 00) === - == 4 miles. BeASSa tea piieni tae eee = seen e soa = D3 SE eo U5 == = 634 miles. mp lickeShoallvightw. —. 22 =— seen 5. === VAAMEQ OIE 2 r= 4% miles. Bndvotawharwatikurankiin City === =eeea so. 222Nesa = =~ -- 1% mile. Wi, 124, Clini es 2 oe apes Se te Sep co 1 mile. Grace ME Church (tallispire)== 225 5-—— 250 mO7 30 a= == == 34 mile. Grace M. E. Church (short spire) -_-__-_-- 25OMESoR 35) 22a 34 mile. IRERERENGCE, STATION== ===5—-=---25---5=— 270) 16) JOO), 25225 11. 81 meters. GRACE M. E. CHURCH (VIRGINIA). General locality —Western shore of lower Chincoteague Bay, about ¥ mile northwest of railway wharf at Franklin City. (See Chart No. 15.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is the taller of two towers on church known as Grace M. E. Church. . Marks.—Observed station is center of pointed tower or spire. References —None necessary. MONEY (VIRGINIA). General locality.—Western shore of lower Chincoteague Bay, about 1 mile west-northwest of Long Point, on northern edge of town of Greenbackville, and just south of Maryland-Virginia boundary. (See Chart No. 15.) 42 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. Immedzate locality.—Observed station is about 70 yards northeast of railway on a sandy rise of ground about 15 feet above level of track. It is about 25 yards south of the Maryland-Virginia boundary and 30.43 meters S 38° 28’ E of broken stone boundary monument. At the station, ‘‘Assateague Light”’ shows almost tangent to third house north of Grace M. E. Church. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried with top 30 inches below surface of grourid References.— ot “Grace M. E: Church’? (Sion en” 5) == ©) {o0) GO" 22222= 250 yards. ASsateagie ight: {=a == =e Se 7 AO mt AQ mea ae 734 miles. Me 2 Churches =e ae a G5 W400 20g == eae lg mile. Center chimney on square house__--_ ~~~ --_ righ um hls eee 100 yards. “Maryland-Virginia Railroad)” (boundary StOne) {= 325 a eee ae M625 55, 20 —==e= 30. 43 meters. pons Poimti, ae eee = 324 VAS e4gee so 1 mile. Left chimney of two closeitogether=--=_== 330° °48 922, 2-222 150 yards Small tower Greenbackville Church_______ BGie) (00% Gio) seen 250 yards. MARYLAND-VIRGINIA (RAILROAD). General locality.—Western shore of lower Chincoteague Bay, inland about 1 mile west-northwest of Long Point, on boundary line between Maryland and Virginia. (See Chart No. 15.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is about 80 yards northeast of railroad on a sandy rise of. ground about 15 feet above level of track. It is on the edge of an excavation in this sand hill and is likely to be undermined any time by the carting away of sand for building purposes. The standard cement monument marking triangulation station ““Money” is buried with its top 30 inches below surface of ground 30.43 meters S 38° 28’ E true from station. Marks.—Observed station is the center of a square-top granite monument projecting 18 inches above ground which marks the boundary between Maryland and Virginia. Top of monument when visited in December, 1907, was broken loose and resting on the undisturbed part of the stone buried in the ground. This top was cut in a square 6 by 6 inches with an east-and-west line from side to side and the letters ‘‘M’’ and “‘V” to indicate the Maryland and Virginia side of the boundary, respectively References.—None observed. MILL. General locality —Western shore of Chincoteague Bay, on the northern part of Mill Island. (See Chart No. 15.) f Immediate locality.—Observed station is the highest point of the island, on a hill about 20 feet above high water which is located about 14 mile southwest of the upper end of the island. It is about 4o yards east by south of an abandoned house and sheds and about 14 mile north of another abandoned house. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— 2 To te “Assateague Light’’ (S:8° 59’ W)__----_- @ a) Coy —yoees 10 miles Right tangent of Chincoteague Island __-___ Teh Aten ag Se 10 miles. Kevolljonusthisislanc ena eee its ee ete 34 mile. Tree (8 inches diameter) —~=---=___-----_- BTA Oye = ae ae 40 yards. Tree (8 inches diameter) _____-_________- AQ? 200 ES eae 70 yards. Tree (18 inches diameter) ______________- 54) 427m (aS Sees 39. 30 meters. Near corner of old house ______ ~~ ae ee oh 625843) AO wee eee 36. 88 meters. Next corner of old house_====22==—-2- == 70! (28) 25 eee 37-64 meters. Cupolaioujlarge houses] =~ = ae ee 1S 25 1% miles. Chimneysion' white house. -=2322- ees TNGY9) Gea 6s Oe Ree ee 2 miles. Neariendiotilarge barns = _ se eee ith Ge eee ee 4'% miles. “Landlet’’ and right of trees at Purnell anim GCke a earner et eee 195 10) Sa 22 ees 334 miles. Deaditreesand!2 cedarsB=22 = - —- 2 eee 2135-52) 2. Seer 4 mile. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Ma. 43 °o , ur Right tangent of Assacorkin Island ____ ~~~ 235. 3. 34 mile. iettiois GreenRinvswoodS=senee—====-—- 238 4O =5, 52-255 634 miles. “Pope Island Life-Saving Station’’_.-..-- 286 05 =. --.--- 434 miles. Left tangent of first building on Ragged Point ete ee ee ees Re ote 323: 30) eee 4% miles. Left tangent of Chincoteague Island ______ B41 O6) (ese 5 miles. Chimneytomoldshouseas == =e = see ee B40: 27) eee 14 mile. VIZZ. (See Chart No. General locality—Western side of Chincoteague Bay on Tizzard Island. 15.) Immediate locality.—Observed station is on the highest point on the island, about 15 feet above high water, about 14 mile from extreme southeastern point of island, and about 75 yards north of shore line of island. Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument. References.— , 2 ang it! wAssateagiie Wightel(S 6235) Wir ss] ae=se=— — OVROOR 00) a -eaa= 12 miles. Right of woods at Chincoteague ___-_----____-_ TO) opens) = aS 15 miles iO Ke) pipe Olskanine — = ae ae ee eee NOMS 2 ene 22 == s 3 miles. Chimney on first house at Stockton_________~ 232 eee A= 34 miles. Church steeple at Franklin City —--__-_------ DO mongers ao 54 miles. Church steeple; Greenbackville —=-==-2 222-7 BORRO2MER OMe mess 5% miles. Two chimneys on gambrel roof ____--_----_- AO mre Ste 134 miles. Near chimney of white house_------_------- TOMS 2 ey ee 214 miles. Near chimney of another white house _ ~~~ ____ TOONS 3h one 2% miles. Chimney on large unpainted barn____________ Te OT a= Spe eee 2 miles. Two chimneys on large house --_------------- HOO) eee 3 miles. Chimneylof yellow, building === 2252-2 =s=seee= NOS. 50 ee eee 4 miles. Warve-white barules = 222 c=- 4 22. oe eee LOOM SS: ses eee 4 miles. Burnelltidamimock= === == 225. . 2-2 eae 213. CE Nae eee 314 miles. Green Run Inlet Life-Saving Station flagstaff__ 256 55 20 -____- 71% miles. “Pope Island Life-Saving Station’’___-_.-__- AC\ey “Eyl fey 2 === = 534 miles. Left tangent Assacorkin Island__--_-_-.--_-- BLO pgi4) (2 see 11g miles. Heft tangent of Mill tslande2s= 525 == ~~ S22 see B25 iy a= See 11% miles. Left of woods at Chincoteague_-__----------- B50) 52) -. 8 eee 12 miles. BOUNDARIES OF OYSTER BARS. EXPLANATION. The law of the United States authorizing the cooperation of the Department of Commerce and Labor in the survey of natural oyster bars of Maryland provides for the designation and employment by the Department of Commerce and Labor of such officers, experts, and other technically qualified persons ‘‘as may be necessary to cooperate with the Maryland State Board of Shell Fish Commissioners in making a survey of and locating the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland.” The oyster laws of Maryland provide that the Maryland Shell Fish Commissioners, with the aid of such persons as may be designated by the Government, shall proceed “‘to have laid out, surveyed, and designated on the said charts the natural beds and bars, and shall cause to be marked and defined as accurately as practicable the limits and boundaries of the natural beds, bars, and rocks as established by said survey, and they shall take true and accurate notes of said survey in writing, and make an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a description of landmarks as may be necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the boundary lines of the said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks, as shown by a delineation on the maps and charts.’ The oyster laws of Maryland also provide in another section that there shall ‘‘be made a true and accurate survey of the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks * 3k =k with reference to fixed and permanent objects on the shore, giving courses and distances, to be fully described and set out in a written report of said survey.”’ Under the provisions of the laws quoted above the State of Maryland, in coopera- tion with the Department of Commerce and Labor, must define the boundaries of the_ natural oyster bars ‘“‘as accurately as practicable’’ and also “‘ with reference to fixed and permanent objects on the shore, giving courses and distances.’’ The requirement of “as accurately as practicable”’ is easily fulfilled by definition of the location of the cor- ners of the oyster bars by latitude and longitude. In fact, this method is probably the most satisfactory and accurate one that could be used for all purposes of legal definition or for relocation of the oyster-bar boundaries by competent engineers. Therefore the additional requirement of “giving courses and distances’’ is superfluous and is only fulfilled in the published definitions on account of the specific provisions of the law making it compulsory. ‘This part of the description of boundaries has involved an immense amount of extra computations in order to prevent technical discrepancies between the latitude and longitude of a corner of an oyster bar and its distance and bearing from objects on shore of known latitude and longitude without adding anything to the accuracy and very little to the convenience of practical use of the descriptions of the oyster-bar boundaries. As provided by law the boundaries of the oyster bars are all straight lines, but in the work already completed they have inclosed areas of all shapes from triangles to complicated 14-sided figures, and of all sizes from 4 acres to 7,548 acres. The sides 44 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 45 have varied in length from 93 to 7,529 yards, and in some cases the corners of the bound- aries have been practically at the triangulation stations from which they are located, while in other instances they were over 13,600 yards from the landmarks most available for the purpose of fixing their position. The varied characteristics of the legal boundaries of the oyster bars indicated by the above statement, together with the complicated requirements of the law under which the survey has been made and the magnitude of the work with the consequent need of fixed and uniform methods, have made the problem of describing the boundaries one of considerable difficulty and great importance. The boundaries of the oyster bars of Maryland, as established by the Shell Fish Commission and delineated on the Coast and Geodetic Survey charts and projections and on the leasing charts of the Commission, are technically defined and described by a method somewhat different from that used in other oyster surveys. But it is believed that the forms finally adopted will fulfill all needs of the survey for both the present and future. METHOD OF DESCRIBING BOUNDARIES. The descriptions have been arranged in tabular form, thus avoiding many hundred repetitions of the same words by making one explanation of the tables sufficient for all oyster bars in each county. Title-—At the top of each tabular form is given the legal name of the oyster bar to be described, and the one by which it is known and designated in the published oyster records and on the oyster charts. The adopted name of the oyster bar is the one used locally, as nearly as could be ascertained by the hydrographic engineer of the Commis- sion; and when there was no local name in common use a name was selected from one of the prominent features of the vicinity that would naturally suggest the section of the waters where the oyster bar was located. Underneath the name, in parentheses, is given the general locality of the oyster bar and the serial number of the “‘ Maryland Oyster Chart”’ on which its legal boundaries are shown.” — Furst column.—This column, under the heading of ‘‘Corner of bar,’’ gives the num- ber corresponding to the corner of the boundary as shown on the charts and to the number on the buoy marking the actual corner of the bar. The numbers of the corners have been assigned by naming the southernmost point No. 1, thence proceeding in a clockwise direction around the bar; but where a corner of one oyster bar is identical with the corner of the boundaries of one or more other oyster bars only the number of the corner of the oyster bar being described in the table is given in this column. Second and third columns.—These two columns, under the headings of ‘‘ Latitude”’ and “Longitude,” give the geographic positions of the corners. ‘These positions have been adopted by the Commission as the primary technical definition of the location of the corners, and should be considered as final in case of a dispute arising from discrep- ancies caused by other means of location. The latitudes and longitudes given in these columns are based on the United States standard datum of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the points thus defined can be relocated from distant triangulation stations @ These charts can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey at Washington, D. C. 46 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. of the Survey, even though all the landmarks and buoys originally used for their loca- tion have been destroyed by natural or other causes. — Fourth and fifth columns.—These two columns, under the general heading of ‘‘True bearing’’” and the specific headings “‘Forward”’ and “Back,” give bearings measured from a true north-and-south line. The three “‘Forward”’ bearings are from the corner of the boundary designated in the first column to the triangulation stations named on the corresponding lines in the last column, and the three “Back” bearings are from these same stations in the last column to the corresponding corner of boundary in the first column. ‘The difference in minutes of are between the forward and back bearings shown in some cases is actual and not accidental, and is due to the fact that the com- putations took into account the spheroidal shape of the earth. Sixth colwmn.—This column, under the heading of “Distance,” gives the three computed distances in yards from the corner of the bar noted in the first column to the three triangulation stations named on the corresponding lines in the last column, and vice versa. Seventh column.—This column, under the heading of “U.S. C. & G. S. triangula- tion station,’’® gives the names of the landmarks from which were computed the cor- responding ‘‘ Latitude,” “ Longitude, True bearing,’ and “‘ Distance”’ of the ‘‘ Corner of the bar” designated in the first column. A full description of the location and mark- ings of these triangulation stations is given in another part of this publication under the heading of “‘ Descriptions of triangulation stations.” yy 66h SURVEYING METHODS FOR RELOCATION OF BOUNDARIES. There are a number of methods that can be used in the relocation of the actual boundaries of the natural oyster bars as technically described in this publication and delineated on the published charts of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the leasing charts of the Shell Fish Commission. The following brief descriptions of five of these more or less different methods assume a certain amount of experience and knowledge on the part of the engineer in the particular kind of surveying under consideration, and are only intended as reminders of ways and means that can be used. There are two problems that are likely to present themselves to those interested in the boundaries of natural oyster bars: One, to determine whether the buoys marking the corners have been dragged or otherwise moved from their correct positions, and the other, to relocate or reestablish a buoy at the point from which it was removed. ‘The different ways of solving these two problems partly depend upon the instruments possessed by the engineer and his assistants and partly on his training and experience. (1) Triangulation.—This method is the one that will give the greatest accuracy, but on account of its requiring special data and instruments, and being an operation rarely used by engineers not engaged in geodetic surveying, it is reeommended only for cases in dispute that can not be settled satisfactorily by some other method. An Saleen Oe of this class of work would Migs too long for a report of this sort, and ness a The mean magnetic variation foe Worcester County was 5° 55’ west of Berena in 1909 Ate increas- ing at the rate of 314’ yearly. 6 Geographic positions of these triangulation stations can be obtained by application to the Super- intendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 47 ‘not familiar with this method are referred to the publications on the subject by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. (2) Hydrographic.—This method is the most simple and satisfactory one that can be adopted if the surveyor can obtain the use of the necessary instruments and assistants. It is the one best suited for the work of the engineers of the Commission in relocating corners of boundaries, as it gives results of the accuracy ordinarily required and is rapid in execution. Besides, it has the advantage of being available whenever three triangu- lation stations of suitable relative positions are visible from the offshore points needing relocation. Most navigators and others familiar with the use of a sextant are well acquainted with the graphic three-point method of fixing a position on water, and only a brief description of the operation will be stated. In the case where there is only one engineer having a single sextant, the three-point method can be used if the two angles determining the position of a buoy are first derived from the ‘‘ Forward”’ bearings given in the tabular forms describing the bound- aries of the oyster bars. For example, take “South Point” bar, which is the first one described in this publication, and assume that ‘Corner No. 3,’ is to be examined as to its position. The angle between the two landmarks “Birch” and ‘“‘Neck”’ as determined from right to left from the forward bearings from this corner is 59° 11’ and the angle between “Neck” and ‘“‘Newport”’ is 49° 44’. Having these two angles, the engineer proceeds to the buoy of doubtful location and measures the actual sextant angles between the landmarks for which the calculations were made. If the meas- ured and calculated angles do not agree the buoy is not in its correct position and the boundary corner must be relocated. This is accomplished by moving the boat about until a point is reached where the angles do agree, and this point being the desired location, the buoy can be placed in its correct position. If the engineer can obtain the use of both a sextant and a three-arm protractor (“position finder’’), the availability of the hydrographic method is increased, as the use of the protractor is essential in case of the washing away or destruction of one or more of the landmarks originally used in describing the boundaries. Under these circum- stances, any three landmarks of suitable relative position that are visible from the point to be located can be utilized. For example, the engineer can proceed to the buoy of doubtful position and measure the two adjacent sextant angles between the three landmarks selected. These two angles are set off on the three-arm protractor and the actual position of the buoy plotted on the chart by shifting the protractor about until the edge of each of the three arms passes through the center of the symbols on the chart marking the position of the three landmarks selected. ‘The center of the hub of the protractor will indicate on the chart the actual position of the buoy, and if the point thus obtained does not coincide with the true position of the corner of the bound- ary as given on the chart, the surveyor can proceed to locate the buoy correctly by reversing the operation. This is done by placing the center point of the hub of the protractor over the corner of the boundary in question and measuring on the chart the two adjacent protractor angles between the three selected landmarks. One of the angles thus obtained is set on the sextant and the boat moved about until the two landmarks are shown by the sextant to subtend the same angle obtained from the 48 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. protractor. The second angle is then placed on the sextant and the same operation gone through, and so on, first using one angle on the sextant then the other until a point is reached where both observed sextant angles are practically identical with the protractor angles. The point thus located is the desired one and the buoy can be placed to mark the true position of the corner of the boundary in question. If the engineer possesses two sextants and a protractor, this problem is far easier of solution, as the two angles can be set off on separate sextants and the observer can quickly find the desired point where they agree with the protractor angles by using one sextant after the other without the need of resetting either. If there are two observers, two sextants, and a protractor, it can be seen that the * best conditions for both rapid and accurate hydrographic locations of points are attained; in fact, this is the method by which the buoys at the corners of the boundaries were originally placed by the hydrographic engineer to the Commission. (3) Magnetic bearings from offshore.—VYhis method of fixing a position on water is a simple and well-known one in navigation. It is available to anyone having a boat compass and will be of special use to the State fishery force in investigating cases where buoys are supposed to have been moved for illegal purposes. In the case where a buoy is supposed to have been moved from its true position the observer takes compass bearings to the three landmarks given in thé last column of the tables opposite the boundary corner in question. These bearings are then corrected for the local declination,“ and if the results agree with the published bearings the buoy is correctly located. In the case where the buoy is not in its correct position, or has disappeared altogether, the desired point can be determined by maneuvering the vessel until the corrected bearings agree with the ones in the tabular descriptions, when the buoy can be anchored in its proper location. In the case where the landmarks for which the bearings are published have been destroyed or washed away, any landmarks whose positions are indicated on the charts can be used by getting their bearings directly from the chart by parallel rulers or a protractor and then applying them in the same manner as the ones published in the tables. (4) Magnetic bearings from shore—This method will be of special value to engineers having an ordinary surveyor’s compass. The compass can be set over the point mark- ing a “‘triangulation station’’ on shore, the name of which is given in the last column opposite the “‘corner’’ in question. The instrument is then set at the corresponding “back” bearing (corrected for local magnetic declination) given in the fourth column of the tables opposite the ‘“‘corner”’ in question, and the direction thus determined will give one range on which the desired point must be located. The compass can then be moved to a second triangulation station and another range located in a similar manner. The intersection of these two range lines will give the desired point; but in general it should be checked by an additional range line determined from a third station. (5) Horizontal angles measured at landmarks.—This process is a modification of the triangulation method, and will be useful to engineers who have a transit and desire considerable accuracy. @ The mean magnetic variation for Worcester County is 5° 55’ west of north in 1909 and increasing at the rate of 31%’ yearly. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 49 The instrument is placed over a “‘triangulation station,’ the name of which appears in the last column of the tabular description opposite the “‘corner’’ in question. The telescope is then pointed to the landmark indicated in the “‘ Descriptions of landmarks”’ as having a direction of 0° 00’ oo” from the triangulation station being occupied by the transit. The tabular description of the boundaries is next examined and the “back” bearing of the questionable boundary “corner” from the landmark being occupied is taken out. The angle calculated from this “back’’ bearing and the bearing given in parentheses alongside the zero landmark in the “Descriptions of landmarks”’ is then set off on the transit, and a range line established on which the desired point must be located. A similar process is then carried on at a second station, and so on until the position of the buoy is satisfactorily fixed. BOUNDARIES OF NATURAL OYSTER BARS. SOUTH POINT. (Newport Bay—Charts Nos. 13 and 14.) l Cor- True bearing as Latitude Longitude ee EStace| Wale Ceasers: tsncale bar Forward Back | ° , ” | y, u ° , ° y | y ards Hl gemt2) 03.48 75 13 05.541) N 53 17 & S 53 18 W 2683 | Birch. N 19 15 E S 19 16 W 4408 | Neck. N 71 48 W S 71 49 E 3082 | Handys Hammock. 2) \essmeen26: 10 | 75 13) 28236 | Ni 7x 22 E S 71 23 W 2628 | Birch. N 27 50 E S 27 50 W 3844 | Neck. N 85 34 W S 85 35 E 2595 | Handys Hammock. 3 | 38 12 48.39 | 75 13 04.82 | N 87 38 E |s 87 38 W | 2133 | Birch. N 28 27 E S 28 27 W 3011 | Neck. Nir, 9 Wi | Sromensier, | 3024 | Newport. A legsmre2| 34.39 | 75 12 47.18) N 7022 | Si 7r 23, W 1753 | Birch. News) | Senu7eaewv) || 32650 Neck: N25 28 W | S 25,20 E 3644 | Newport. HANDYS HAMMOCK. (Newport Bay—Charts Nos. 13 and 14.) l ° / ” °o , ” ° / ° / Yards. | 1 | 38 12 06.72 | 75 14 10.98 | N 69 00 E S 69 or W 4168 | Birch. ING 8554) eS) 8) 55) W 4275 | Newport. N 5417 W |S 54 17 E 1462 | Handys Hammock. 2 | 38 12 08.22 | 75 14 20.24 | N 70 45 E S 70 47 W 4381 | Birch. N27 eSat2 17 Wi 4270 | Newport. N 49 31 W |S 49 31 B 1236 | Handys Hammock. 3 | 38 1223.50 | 75 14 26.40} N 77 49 E | $8 7751 W 4400 | Birch. N 16 20 E |S 16 21 W 3811 | Newport. N 69 41 W |S 69 41 E 828 | Handys Hammock, 4 | 38 12 23.64 | 75 14 13.18 | N 76 48 E S 76 50 W 4046 | Birch. N 11 09 E S 11 10 W 3723 | Newport. N 7556 W |S 75 56E 1164 | Handys Hammock. | 82497—09—4 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. NEWPORT. (Newport Bay—Charts Nos. 13 and 14.) | True bearing | Latitude | Longitude — = Distance | U.S. © 2G)S trieneat Forward Back | ° , ” ° 7 ” ° / ° , Yards. ; 38 11 48.98 | 75 13 32.00] N 53 46 E $53 47 W 3538 | Birch. Nea Ws Sia eae 4836 | Newport. NGSGn520W) | S solsg uh 2656 | Handys Hammock. 38 11 50.08 | 75 13 52.90 | N 58 55 E $58 57 W 3981 | Birch. | Nigeato, Ss 2 10 W 4788 | Newport. N 49 42 W |S 49 43 E 2187 Handys Hammock. 38 12 06.38 | 75 13 44.00 | N 64 37 E | S 64 38 W 3512 | Birch. N o45 W |S 045 FE 4234 | Newport. N 65 34 W $65 35 E 2092 Handys Hammock. 38 12 11.78 | 75 13 23.40 | N 63 15 E. |S 63 16 W 2938 | Birch. N 828 W |S ‘829 B 4097. Newport. N 74 26 W S 74 27 E 2546 | Handvs Hammock. LAMBERTSON LANDING. (Upper Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14.) ° , ” ° , ” ° , ° , Yards. 38 II 19.54 | 75 14 54.94 | N 58 38 E S 58 4o W 5926 | Birch. N 80 24 W S 80 24 E 2445 Handys Hammock. S 26 23 W N 26 22 E 3350 | Ricks. 38 It 48.19 | 75 15 08.00 | S 16 02 W N 16 02 E 4127 | Ricks. | N 68 36 E S 68 38 W 5808 | Birch. N 12 35 E S 12 36 W 1515 | Handys Hammock. 38 11 58.98 | 75 14 53.63 | S 19 28 W N 19 28 E 4593 | Ricks. N 70 44 E S 7o 46 W 5324 | Birch. N 241 W Sy eave 15; 1115 Handys Hammock. 38 11 46.83 | 75 14 34.34 | N 64 22 E |S 64 24 W 5004 | Birch. N20 20 Wi |S: 2zov27 5 1625 | Handys Hammock. Si27e27We =| \Nizyueork 4418 | Ricks. 38 Ir 38.04 | 75 14 41.03 | N 62 18 EF |S 62 20 W 5296 | Birch. NeT2fon W (| \Serevorse, 1861 | Handys Hammock. S 27 09 W | N 27 08 E 4073 | Ricks. } : | ENNIS. (Upper Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14.) o v ” af ” | GF o 7 ll ars 38 11 13.38 | 75 14 17.68 | N 51 o1 E S 51 03 W 5234 | Birch. N 20 49 W |S 2050 E 2837 | Handys Hammock. al 1S 7G N 41 36 E 3735 | Ricks. | | 38 11 38.04 | 75 14 41.03 | N 6218 E |S 62.20 W 5296 | Birch. J PND 12 or WS) are tonu® 1861 | Handys Hammock. |S 2709 W |N 27 08 E 4073 | Ricks. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 51 ENNIS—Continued. (Upper Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14)—Continued. Cor- True bearing ae Latitude Longitude SSS = = Distance | U.S. Se ekos es anata, bar Forward Back ° , ” fo} ’ u” ° / | ° , Yards. 3 | 38 11 46.83 | 75 14 34.34! N 64 22 EF |S 64 24 W 5004 | Birch. NeZORzTENV) aitouZo 27 1 7 1625 | Handys Hammock. |S) 27, 27) W. WINies726 E 4418 | Ricks. 4 | 38 11 24.96 | 75 13 59.52 | N 51 or E S 52: 02 W | 4613 Birch. |N 33 25 W sag) 25) 2709 | Handys Hammock. IS) 42957 WW, ) Nia4e EB 4349 Ricks. TURPIN. (Upper Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14.) ° , ” ° J ” ° , | ° , Yards | 1 | 38 10 21.84 | 75 14 43.82 | N 43 26 E S 43 28 W 692 Birch. N 405 W S 405 E | 4401 | Handys Hammock S 59 25 W N59 24 E | 2072 | Ricks. 2 | 38 10 34.30 | 75 14 45.38 | N 46 11 E S 46 13 W | 6660 | Birch. N 355 W $ 355 E | 3978 | Handys Hammock. S$ 49 46 W |N4945 HE | 2283 | Ricks. 3 | 38 10 26.78 | 75 14 27-84 | N 41 44 E S 41 46 W | 6518 | Birch. |N 09 57 W S 957E | 4288 | Handys Hammock. |S 61 04 W N 61 03 E 2525 | Ricks. SANDY POINT. (Upper Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14.) ey 7 ” , ” Oo 7 Ch Yards. Te) Ssnao) 51.26) 75,14 32.04 | N Jo 36. W | S 6 36 E 5457 | Handys Hammock. S 8 11 W |N 89 10 E 2099 | Ricks. S$ 4614 EF | N 46 13 W 4828 | Beacon Clumps. 2 | 38 09 56.78 | 75 14 40.00| N 432 W |S 4 32 E 5251 | Handys Hammock. S 83 39 W | N 83 39 EB 1897 | Ricks. S 46 26 E N 46:24 W 5105 | Beacon Clumps. 3 | 38 10 08.48 | 75 14 36.78 | N 5 54 W Sy gale 4867 | Handys Hammock. S 72 58 W Niz2—57, 2063 | Ricks. S 42 43 E N 42 42 W 5325 | Beacon Clumps. 4 | 38 10 05.78 | 75 14 22.98 | N 9 59 W S$ 959E | 5008 |} Handys Hammock. S 77 38 W NG 7) 3738 2395 | Ricks. S 40 20 E N 40 22 W | 5014 | Beacon Clumps. 52 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. ROBINS MARSH. (Upper Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14.) Cor- True bearing ae Latitude Longitude = Distance | U- 5- Cee, Stier bar | Forward Back ° / Mu ° , ” ° / ° , Yards. 1 | 38 09 06.48 | 75 15 35-79 | N 15 05 W S 15 06 E 1539 | Ricks. S 83 42 W N 83 41 B 2630 | Guilberts Cupola. S 35 48 W N 35 46 E 5328 | Landlet. 2 | 38 09 22. 32 | (so Sees || NC 2h AaS S 442 W 955 | Ricks. S 68 56 W N 68 55 E 2287 | Guilberts Cupola. © 28°35 W N28 34 E 5536 | Landlet. 3 | 38 09 35-39 | 75 15 42.96 | N 22 19 W S) 22 1908) 552 | Ricks. S. 62-28 W N 62 27 E 2733 | Guilberts Cupola. S162 31 E N 62 29 W 6060 | Beacon Clumps. | 4 | 38 09 40. 61 | 75 14 49.94 | N 78 19 W S 78 20 B 1656 | Ricks. S 69 26 W N 69 25 E 4096 | Guilberts Cupola. S 53 08 K N 53 06 W 4955 | Beacon Clumps. | 5 | 38 09 29.59 | 75 14 46.23 | N 67 39 W S 67 40 E 1860 | Ricks. | S 74 50 W N 74 48 E 4076 | Guilberts Cupola. S 56 03 E N 56 02 W 4659 | Beacon Clumps. 6 | 38 09 27.20 | 75 15 03.23 | N 58 og W S 58 10 E 1493 | Ricks. S 74 11 W N 74 09 E 3619 | Guilberts Cupola. | S 59 43 E N 59 41 W 5000 | Beacon Clumps. 7 | 38 09 14.54 | 75 15 08.41 | N 42 56 W S 42 56 E 1658 | Ricks. S 80 30 W N 80 28 E 3390 | Guilberts Cupola. | S 64 50 E N 64 48 W 4923 | Beacon Clumps. SCARBORO CREEK. (Upper Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14.) Oumney, W Wey " On? | Samy, Yards. 1 | 38 08 40.78 | 75 16 00.00 |,N 5 55 E S$ 555 W 2365 | Ricks. | Ne73 Sewn IS! 730378 2053 | Guilberts Cupola, S 35 34 W | N 35 33 E 4249 | Landlet. | 2 | 38 09 04.47 | 75 16 08.42 | N 1646 EF |S 16 46 W 1623 | Ricks. S 82 48 W N 82 49 E 1760 | Guilberts Cupola. Las) 2a fe) WWM N 27 50 E 4812 | Landlet. ; | 3 | 3809) 225-321-7515 53.78 | N 442 E S 442 W 955 | Ricks. | |S 68 56 W N 68 55 E 2287 | Guilberts Cupola. |S 28 35 W N 28 34 E 5536 | Landlet. | : 4 | 38 09 06.48 | 75 15 35-79 N 15 05 W S 1506 B 1539 | Ricks. |S 83 42 W N 83 41 E 2630 | Guilberts Cupola. | S 35 48 W N 35 46 E 5328 | Landlet. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md, 53 SOUTHWEST. (Upper Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14.) Cor- True bearing ata Latitude Longitude = = ——_—_—__ pistance | U-* Ces cianeula: bar Forward Back ° , uM” ° , ” o , ° , Yards. 1 | 38 08 32.04 | 75 15 26.63 | N 13 41 W S) ig) Ze 18 272 Ricks. 73 01 W S 73 02 E 2988 | Guilberts Cupola. S 46 45 W N 46 44 E 4613 | Landlet. 2 | 38 08 32.11 | 75 15 38.94 | N 650 W S$ 650EF 2664 | Ricks. N 71 or W S 71 02 E 2676 | Guilberts Cupola. S 43 47 W N 43 46 E 4382 | Landlet. 3 | 38 08 47.04 | 75 15 30.98 | N 13 52 W Si ng See 2206 | Ricks. N 82 22 W S82) 23 E 2767 | Guilberts Cupola. S 41 26 W N 41 25 E | 4902 | Landlet. PURNELL HAMMOCK. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 14.) Cr ” CY " ‘O14, | One, | Yards. 1 | 38 06 06. 82 | 75 16 59.60 | S 77 09 E N 77 07 W 5797 | Turnagain. N 26 59 W S 27 00 E 1947 | Landlet. S53 5% Wi IN 53749 E 5879 | Tizz. 2 | 38 06 11.34 | 75 17 15-40|S 76 39 E | N 76 37 W 6242 | Turnagain. N 16 18 W S 16 18 E 1649 | Landlet. S$ 50 04 W N 50 02 E 5641 | Tizz. 2 |) 38'06115.60 | 75 17 13.42 |S 7515 E | N75 13 W | 6226 | Durnagain. N 19 40 W S 19 40 E 1528 Landlet. S 49 19 W N 49 17 E 5774 | siyzze BEEF CREEK. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Charts Nos. 14 and 15.) °o , u” ° fe ” ° / ° / Yards. r | 38 05 51.48 | 75 17 52-41 | N 13 05 E S 13 05 W 2312 | Landlet. S 48 32 W |N 48 31 E 4455 | Tizz. S 28 23 W N 28 23 E 6045 | Mill. 2 | 38 05 54.26 | 75 17 54.88 | N.15 16 E S 15 16 W 2238 | Landlet. S 47 04 W N 4702 E | 447% | Lizz. S 27 26 W N 27 25 E | 6098 | Mill. 3 | 38 05 56.94 | 75 17 42.48 | N 7 08 E S 708 W | 2084 | Landlet. S 48 58 W N 48 57 E 4777 | Tizz. S 29 42 W N 29 41 E 6334 | Mill. 4 | 38 05 52.72 75 17 44-78 |N 8 14 E S 8 14 W | 2233 | Landlet. S 49 48 W N 49 47 E | 4638 | Tizz. S 29 52 W N 29 51 E | 6180} Mill. | 5 | 38 05 53-78 | 75 17 48.02 | N 10 35 E © 10:35 W || 2212 Landlet. S 48 46 W N 48 45 E 4595 | Tizz. S 29 00 W N 28 59 E 6169 | Mill. 54 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. RATTLESNAKE. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Charis Nos. 14 and 15.) Cor. True bearing ae Latitude Longitude | Distance | U- 8: ©) a6. 5 nian bar Forward Back ° / ” ° / ” ° / ° / Yards. | I | 38 05 38.00 | 75 18 03.18 | N 16°40 E S 16 4o W 2826 | Landlet. S 50 43 W N 50 41 E 3944 | Tizz. S 28 or W N 28 00 E 5510 | Miil. 2 | 38 05.43.19 | 75 18 26.62 | N 29 32 E S 29 33 W 2910 | Landlet. S 42 15 W N 42 14 E 3610 | Tizz. S 21 17 W N 21 16 E 5409 | Mill. 3 | 38 05 44.86 | 75 18 26.26 | N 29 56 FE S 29 56 W 2856 | Landlet. S 41 46 W N 41 45 E 3658 | Tizz. S 21 09 W N 21 o9 E 5354 | Mill. 4 |} 38 05 45.06 | 75 18 05.24 | N 19 19 E S 19 19 W 2616 | Landlet. S 4737 W | N 47 35 E 4057 | Tizz. Seeore4 WN 26rsg0h 5695 | Mill. MARTIN POINT. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Charts Nos. 14 and 15.) ° , uw” ° , ” ° rf ° , Yards. T leZSnOs, T4044) || 75 7) 5S A4alNGe SSO) Ey S 856 W 3544 | Landlet. S 62 47 W N 62 46 E 3724 | Lizz. S 34 59 W N 34 58 E 4966 | Mill. 2 | 38 05 37-54 | 75 17 56.64 | N 13 09 E S 13 09 W 2795 | Landlet S 52 26 W N 52 25 E 4070 | Tizz. S 29 37 W N 29 36 E 5576 | Mill. 3) || 38i05, 41. 75 | 75 17 472560) Ni 8 4n Sy Sy 2601 | Landlet. S 52 54 W N 52 52 E 4348 | Tizz. S 30 59 W N 30 58 B 5834 | Mill. 4 | 38 05 25.42 | 75 17 34.24 | N 0 43 E So 43 W 3132 | Landlet. © 61 32 W N 61 31 EB 4349 | Tizz. S 37 07 W N 37 05 5568 | Mill. DIAMOND. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Charts Nos. 14 and 15.) ° / ” ° , ” | ° vi ° / Vards. I | 38 05 35-23 | 75 16 45.20 |S 87 34 E N 87 32 W 5273 | Turnagain. N 24 21 W S 24 21 B 3071 | Landlet. S 64 54 W N 64 52 E 5665 | Tizz. 2 | 38 05 47.16 | 75 16 57-82 |S 83 38 B N 83 36 W 5640 | Turnagain. N 21 13 W S 27 14 E 2572 | Landlet. S 59 40 W N 59 38 E 5554 | Tizz. 3 | 38 05 42.50 | 75 16 40.28 | S 84 47 E N 84 45 W 5159 | Turnagain. N 28 41 W. S 28 42 E 2912 | Landlet. S 63 17 W N 63 15 E 5890 | Tizz. ee ————————— IO LDLUhUmUmDlmlmlUl Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 55 SHEEP. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) Cor- True bearing ree Latitude Longitude aa —| Distance | U- S- es ee bar | Forward Back ° , ” | ° , vy ° , ° , Yards. © g8104 03.50) 75 r9109.02 | N 23) 31 B S 23 32 W 6425 | Landlet. N 6208 W |S 6209 E 1466 | Tizz. S 26 20 W | N 26 20 E 1876 | Mill. | 2 | 38 04 19.44 | 75 19 20.58] N 28 12 E | S 28 13 W 6077 | Landlet. N 81 19 W |S 81 19 E 1000 | Tizz. S 1319 W | N 13 19 B 2277 | Mill. 3 | 38 04 16.94 | 75 1905.45 | N 24.24 E |S 24 26 W 5974 | Landlet. N 8024 W |S 80 25 E 1412 | Tizz. S 23 31 W | N 23 30 B 2324 | Mill. 4} 38 04 11.44 | 75 18 58.79 | N 22 10 E S 22 1 W 6075 | Landlet. | N 74 59 W S$ 75 00 E 1625 | Tizz. | S29) 35) W PNP 20) 35° & 2238 | Mill. MINK TUMP. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) ° , ” ° ip u | ° , ° , Yards. I | 38 04 12.42 | 75 18 51.98 | N 20 40 E Ss 20 41 W 5978 | Landlet. | WONG 77,29, Wi Siz 30) E 1794 | Tizz. S33102 Wil | Neesaor 2 2360 | Mill. 2 | 38 04 21.76 75 18 50.49 | N 21 25 E S 21 26 W 5668 | Landlet. N 87 40 W |S 87 41 E 1792 | Tizz. S 3002 W | N 3001 E 2649 | Mill. | 3 | 38 04 19.78 | 75,18 44.38 | N 19 39 E S 19 39 W 5675 | Landlet. N 8555 W |S 85 56E 1959 | Tizz. S 33 46 W N 33 45 E 2678 | Mill. EASTER COVE. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 25-) fo} fe ” ° / vu” fo} / ° , | Yards. 1 | 38 04 22.64 | 75 18 40.08 | N38 Re) 1s, S 18 53 W 5546 | Landlet. |N 8848 W |S 8849 E 2069 | Tizz. Smestus7 \VENON c4eaonk, 2823 | Mill. 2 | 38 04 26.58 | 75 18 45.34 | N 2042 E |S 2043 W 5468 | Landlet. |S 87 20 W | N 87 19 B 1930 | Tizz. S 3047 W-|_N 30 47 E 2859 | Mill. | ; 3 | 38.04 31.64 | 75 18 32-15 | N 17 44 E S 17 45 W 5190 | Landlet. |S 83 30 W | N 83 29 E 2294 | Tizz. | S 34 38 W!|N 34 38 E 3193 | Mill. 56 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. BIG BAY POINT. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) Cor- True bearing are Latitude Longitude Distance | U- ®- €)8.G.S) lang bar Forward | Back ° / ” ° , ” fe} , ° ’ Yards. T || 38u04) 14508) | 75, 17 22.42) No eas W S 2 55 15 5543 | Landlet. ° S 85 24 W N 85 26 E 4150 | Tizz. S 61 02 W N 61 o1 E 4199 | Mill. | 2 | 38 04 22.96 | 75 17 34-93 | N o 38 E S o 38 W 5238 | Landlet. N 89 30 W S 89 32 E 3804 | Tizz. $ 55 04 W N 55 03 E 4075 | Mill. 3 | 38 04 29.15 | 75 17 27-00 | N 1 45 W S 145 £ 5031 | Landlet S 87 30 W N 87 28 E 4019 | Tizz. S 54 25 W N 54 23 E 4368 | Mill. 4 | 38 04 20.42 | 75 17 14.93 | N 5 06 W S 5 of 12 5344 | Landlet, N 88 26 W S 88 27 E 4338 | Tizz. S$ 5953 W | N59 51 E 4478 | Mill. KENNEL. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) . ° , u” ° , u ° , ° , Yards. 1 | 38 04 12.60 | 75 16 55.22 | N 10 12 W S 16) 72) 5676 | Landlet. N 85 30 W S 85 32 EB 4879 | Tizz. S 65 44 W N 65 42 E 4826 | Mill. 2 | 38 04 34.50 | 75 17 01.40] N 9 47 W S 947E 4919 | Landlet. S 85 40 W N 85 39 E 4712 | Tizz. S 57 16 W N 57 14 E 5034 | Mill. 3 | 38 04 36.62 | 75 16 41.80 | N 15 52 W S ag G3, 4966 | Landlet. S 85 20 W N 85 19 E 5238 | Tizz. S 59 35 W N 59 32 E 5516 | Mill. 4 | 38 04 20.50 | 75 16 38.19 | N 15 19 W S 15 20 E 5503 | Landlet. N 88 44 W S 88 46 E 5318 | Tizz. S 6508 W |N 65 06 E 5349 | Mill. *s — DRUM. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) | ° / ” ° , ” ° fi ° , Yards. 1 | 38 04 16.77 | 75 16 09.80 | N 87 42 W S 87 45 E 6078 | Tizz. S 69 16 W N 69 14 E 5998 | Mill. S 20 02 EB N 20 or W 6100 | Pope Island L. S. $. 2 | 38 04 30.80 | 75 16 24. 88 ls 87 40 W N 87 38 E BO |) Wve S 63 30 W N 63 32 E 5820 | Mill. SP Aiuehe} 13) N 21 52 W 6686 | Pope Island L. $. S. | 3 | 38 04 26.84 | 75 15 56.74 | S 89 09 W N 89 06 E 6423 | Tizz. S 67 33 W N 67 30 E 6448 | Mill. S 16 00 E N 15 58 W 6316 | Pope Island L. S$. S$. Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. TOBY. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) Cor- True bearing rai Latitude Longitude Tienes U.S. oe auena: bar Forward Back Cr ” o 4 ” Qf | ma 7 Yards. | 1 | 38 03 53-19 | 75 17 41-43 | N 74.04 W |S 7405 E 3776 | Tizz. S 67 14 W N 67 13 E 3435 | Mill. | S 42 34 E N 42 33 W 702 | Pope Island L. § S. 2 | 38 04 18.79 | 75 17 52.86] N 87 or W S 87 02 E Bg3h | ibiza. S 52 33 W N 52 32 E 3606 | Mill. S 39 50 E N 39 48 W 7552 | Pope Island L. S. S. 3 | 38 04 12.21 | 75 17 35.28 | N 84 03 W S 8405 E 3816 | Tizz. S 59 23 W N 59 22 E 3870 | Mill. S 38 04 E N 38 04 W 7084 | Pope Island L. S. S. 4 | 38 03 55-12 | 75 17 30.78 | N 7604 W |S 7605 E 4034 | Tizz. S 68 00 W N 67 59 E 3723 | Mill. S 40 21 E N 40 19 W 6562 | Pope Island L. S. S. DEEP WATER. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) ° , ” ° , ” | ° , ° , Yards. 1 | 38 03 46.83 | 75 17 09.71 | N 74 23 W S 74 25 E 4649 | Tizz. S 74 29 W N 74 27 E 4164 | Mill. 1S 37 59 E N 37 58 W 5991 | Pope Island L. S. S. 2 | 38 03 56.42 | 75 17 04.20 | N 78 39 W S 78 40 E 4717 | Tizz. |S 70 56 W N 70 54 E 4402 | Mill. [Sieg5os) N 35 02 W 6164 | Pope Island L. S. S$. 3 | 38 03 51.90 | 75 16 59.53 | N 77 10 W Si 77a 4870 | Tizz. |S 73 18 W N 73 16 E 4473 | Mill. |S 3455 E N 34 54 W 5967 | Pope Island L. 8. S. | STRIKING MARSH. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) ° , u” ° , ” ° / ° ’ Yards. | 1 | 38 03 34.77 | 75 16 44.41 | N 72 09 W S OF at 18 5412 Tizz. S 81 25 W N 81 23 E 4741 | Mill. S 34°55 2 N 34 54 W 5262 | Pope Island L. S. §. 2 | 38 03 57-94 | 75 16 21.85 | N 81 20 W SP 8n 2n08 5819 | Tizz. ; S 7417 W N 7415 E 5494 | Mill. | S 25 19 E N 25 18 W 5639 | Pope Island L. S. S. 3 | 38 03 39.24 | 75 16 13.66 | N 75 49 W Sis Be 13; 6159 Tizz. S 81 09 W N 81 07 E 5574 | Mill. S 26 08 E N 26 07 W 4975 | Pope Island L. S. S. 58 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. LEVIN TUMP. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) Cor- True bearing | re Latitude Longitude 7 Distance | U- Ss: © GS, iene bar Forward Back ° , u | ° , " ° ra ° , Yards. | 1 || 38' 03 30.84 | 75 16 09:40] N 73 36 W S 73 38 E 6343 | Tizz. S 84 10 W N 84 07 E 5651 | Mill. © 26) 25) 2 N 26 22 W 4671 | Pope Island L. S. S. 2 | 38 03 52.17 | 75 15 52-18 | N 80 4x W S 80 44 E 6630 | Tizz. S$ 77.59 W N 7757 E 6216 | Mill. S 18 16 E N 16 W 5163 | Pope Island L. S. S. 3 | 38 03 31.68 | 75 15 54.96] N 74 45 W |S 74 47 B 6699 | Tizz. S 8416 W | N 84 14 E 6037 | Mill. S 21 44 E N21 43 W 4540 | Pope Island L. S. S. WHITE ROCK. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) ° y u” ° , u fo} y fo} , Yards. I | 3802 56.80! 75 x7, 24.72) Nisa 13 W S 54 15 E 5025 | Tizz. | N 8100 W |S 81 02 E 3658 | Mill. 3) ey e019) N 53 23 W 5101 | Pope Island L. S. S. 2 | 38 03 34.64 | 75 17 56.02 | N 62 52 W SIO2NS oes 3645 | Tizz. S$ 75 46 W N 75 45 E 2866 | Mill. S 48 48 E N 48 46 W 6542 | Pope Island L. S. S. 3 | 38 03 48.58 | 75 17 39.85 | N 72 or W | S) 7210308) 3863 | Tizz. | S 69 54 W N 69 53 E 3418 | Mill. | SAG seh 9, N 43 11 W 6559 | Pope Island L. S. S. 4 | 38 03 34.38 | 75 17 08.04 | N 69 43 W |S 69 44 E 4821 | Tizz. } © 80 17 W N 80 15 E 4116 | Mill. S 40 15 E | N 40 14 W 5636 | Pope Island L. S. S. 5 | 38 03 og. 81 | 75 17 02.78 | N 61 48 W S 61 49 E 5290 | Tizz. N 88 11 W S 88 12 E 4199 | Mill. $45 14 E | N 45 12 W 4933 | Pope Island L. S. S. HORSEHEAD NORTH. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) Oe 8 ” oY ” | a 2 | © Yards. | S8sO2zEste57 N75 15 49534 | N 83 03 W S 83 06 E 6202 | Mill. | |S 14468 | N 14 460 W 2698 | Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) Vaste eis) ye 19,) PUN ok eho \RY 3249 | Pope Island L. S. S. 2 | 38 02 56.14] 75 15 59.71 | N 84 13 W SO 4S ie) 5910. Mill. | | S 19 14 E N 19 14 W 2926 | Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) S 31 08 E N 31 07 W 3520 Pope Island L S.S. 3 | 38 02 59.21 | 75 15 49.61 | N 85 26 W |S 85 28 B 6168 | Mill. |S 13 37 E N 13 37 W 2951 | Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) Soa 5, N 26 26 W 3481 | Pope Island L. S. S. 4 | 38 02 55.20 | 75 15 40.38 | N 84 24 W S 84 26 E 6426 | Mill lSeurg) 201) N 9 19 W 2768 | Md.-Va. (Pope Island.): } Sy, 25H aca) N 23°37 Wi 3255 | Pope Island L. S$. S. | Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 59 HORSEHEAD SOUTH. (Middle Chincoteague Bay—Chart No. 15.) Cor- True bearing ae Latitude Longitude = Distance UeS: Soh Ch Ske CS bar | Forward Back fo} i, ” fe} , ” | fe} / ° if Yards. 1 | 38 02 34.50 | 75 16 07.00 | N 76 53 W S 76 55 5838 | Mill. | S 29 40 E N 29 4o W 2340 | Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) WAS) Ze Gay 19) N 41 24 W 3045 | Pope Island L.S S. 238 02 42.51 | 75 16 17.94 | N 78 56 W S 78 58 E 5495 | Mill. S 32 12 B N 32 11 W 2723 | Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) iS) AA tom 1S N 42 04 W 3440 | Pope Island L. S. S. 3 | 38 02 46. 34 | 75 15 57-02 N 81 o9 W S 81 12 E 6022 | Mill, | | S 20 09 E N 20 08 W 2592 | Md.-Va. (Pope Island.) S}, 3} is) 1B) N 33 05 W 3202 | Pope Island L. S. S. 4 | 38 02 38.46 | 75 15 56.34 | N 78 43 W S 78 45 E 6087 | Mill. S) Are Ge} 12, N 21 59 W 2337 | Md.—Va. (Pope Island.) S35) 30) N 35 36 W 2972 | Pope Island L. S. S. = te 3 x NPE ND LX ES: AppENDIxX A.—LAWS RELATING TO THE COOPERATION OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY AND BUREAU OF FISHERIES WITH THE MARYLAND SHELL FISH COM- MISSION. The work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries, in cooperation with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, in surveying the oyster bars, establishing permanent landmarks at triangulation stations, and preparing for publication the necessary charts and technical and legal descriptions of boundaries and landmarks shown on these charts, has been executed in compliance with a request from the governor of the State of Maryland to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and by the authority of the following laws of the United States and Maryland: [Act of Congress approved May 26, 1906.] AN ACT To authorize the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to cooperate, through the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Bureau of Fisheries, with the shellfish commissioners of the State of Maryland in making surveys of the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed, upon the request of the governor of the State of Maryland, to designate such officers, experts, and employees of the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries as may be necessary to cooperate with the Maryland State board of shellfish commissioners in making a survey of and locating the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland; and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized and directed to furnish to the officers, experts, and employees of said Bureaus so detailed as aforesaid such instruments, appliances, and steam launches as may be necessary to make the survey aforesaid; and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized to have made in the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey all the plats necessary to show the results of the aforesaid survey and the locations of the said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland, and to furnish to the board of shell- fish commissioners of the State of Maryland such copies as may be necessary, and for this purpose to employ, in the District of Columbia and elsewhere, such technically qualified persons as may be neces- sary to carry out the purpose of this act. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby further authorized to have erected or constructed by the officers so detailed as aforesaid, while making such survey, such structures as may be necessary to mark the points of triangulation, so that the same may be used for such future work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as the said Bureau may be hereafter required to perform in prosecuting the Government coast survey of the navigable waters of the United States located within the State of Maryland. * * * * * * * Sec. 4. That this act shall take effect from the date of its passage. 62 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. {Act of Congress approved June 30, 1906.] AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, namely: * * * Coast AND GEODETIC SuRVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including the expenditures authorized under Public Act Numbered One hundred and eighty-one, approved May twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and six, and contingent expenses incident thereto, five thousand dollars, together with the unexpended balance under this appropriation for nineteen hundred and six and prior years which is hereby reappropriated and made available on this account for the fiscal year nineteen hundred and seven. * * * [Act of Congress approved March 4, 1907.] AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, namely: * * * Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, to be immediately available and to continue available until expended. twenty-five thousand dollars. * * * [Act of Congress approved May 27, 1908.] AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year-ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nine, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein- after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nine, namely: * * * Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, which expenses, including cost of plats and charts, shall not exceed fifteen thousand dollars in any one year, to be immediately avail- able, twenty thousand dollars. [Act of the legislature of Maryland approved April 2, 1906.] AN ACT To establish and promote the industry of oyster culturein Maryland, to define and mark natural oyster beds, bars and rocks lying under the waters of this State, to prescribe penalties for the infringement of the provisions of this Act, and * * * Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the following sections be, and they are hereby, added to Article 72 of the Code of Public General Laws, title “Oysters.” * * * Sec. 86. The Board of Shell Fish Commissioners shall, as soon as practicable after the passage of this Act, cause to be made a true and accurate survey of the natural oyster beds, bars and rocks of this State, said survey to be made with reference to fixed and permanent objects on the shore, giving courses and distances, to be fully described and set out in a written report of said survey, as hereinafter required. A true and accurate delineation of the same shall be made on copies of published maps and charts of the United States coast and geodetic survey, which said copies shall be filed in the office of the said commissioners in the city of Annapolis; and the said commissioners shall further cause to be Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 63 delineated upon copies of the published maps and charts of the United States coast and geodetic survey, of the largest scale, one copy for each of the counties of this State in the waters of which there are natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, all natural beds, bars and rocks lying within the waters of such county, which maps shall be filed in the offices of the clerks of the Circuit Court for the respective counties wherein the grounds so designated may lie. * * * Sec. 87. The Governor of this State is hereby requested to ask the assistance of the United States coast and geodetic survey, and of the United States Fish Commissioner, to aid in the carrying out of the provisions of the preceding section. Sec. 89. As soon as practicable after the first day of April, 1906, the said commissioners shall organize, and shall at once proceed, with the assistance of such person or persons as may be detailed by the United States coast and geodetic survey, and the United States Fish Commissioner, to aid them in their work, and of such persons as may be appointed under the preceding section, to have laid out, surveyed and designated on the said charts, the natural beds and bars, and shall cause to be marked and defined as accurately as practicable, the limits and boundaries of the natural beds, bars and rocks, as established by said survey, and they shall take true and accurate notes of said survey in writing, and make an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a description of landmarks as may be necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the boundary lines of the said natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, as shown by a delineation on the maps and charts provided in this Act; said report shall be completed and filed in the office of the board in the city of Annapolis within ninety days after the completion of the survey of any county. Said commissioners shall cause the same to be published in pamphlet form, and transmit copies of the same to the clerks of the Circuit Court for the respective counties, where the charts have been filed or directed to be filed as hereinafter provided; the said report to be filed by the clerks of the several counties in a book kept for that purpose. And the said survey and report, when filed, subject to the right of appeal hereafter provided for in this Act, shall be taken in all of the courts of this State as conclusive evidence of the boundaries and limits of all natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, lying within the waters of the county wherein such survey and report are filed, and shall be construed to mean in all of the said courts that there are no natural oyster beds, bars or rocks lying within the waters of the counties wherein such report and survey are filed, other than those embraced in the survey authorized by this Act, and that all areas of the Chesa- peake Bay and its tributaries within the State of Maryland, not shown in the survey to be natural oyster beds, bars or rocks shall be construed in all the courts of the State to be barren bottoms, and open for disposal by the State for the purpose of private planting or propagation of oysters thereon under the provisions of this Act; provided, that the said survey and report shall not be construed as to affect in any manner the holdings by citizens of this State in any lot which may have been appro- priated or taken up under the laws of this State prior to the approval of this Act. The law of the State of Maryland, passed March 9, 1842, authorizing officers of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey to enter upon the lands within the State limits for the purposes of the Survey, is as follows: AN ACT Concerning the Survey of the Coast of Maryland. SEcTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That it shall and may be lawful for any person or persons employed under and by virtue of an act of the Congress of the United States, * * * at any time hereafter to enter upon lands within this State for the purpose of exploring, sur- veying, triangulating, or levelling, or doing any other matter or thing which may be necessary to effect the objects of said act, and to erect any works, stations, buildings, or appendages requisite for that purpose, doing no unnecessary injury to private or other property. Sec. 2.4 And be it enacted, That in case the person or persons employed under the act of Congress aforesaid, can not agree with the owners or possessors of the land so entered upon and used as to the @ Under the rulings of the Comptroller of the Treasury no damages can be collected except through the United States Court of Claims unless an agreement has been made in advance. 64 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. amount of damage done thereto by reason of the removal of fences, cutting of trees or injury to the crop or crops growing on the same, it shall and may be lawful for the said parties or either of them to apply to the chief justice for the time being or one of the associate judges of the judicial district in which such land may be situated, who shall thereupon appoint three disinterested and judicious free- holders, residents of the same judicial district, to proceed with as much despatch as possible to the examination of the matter in question, and the faithful assessment of the damages sustained by the owners or possessors aforesaid, and the said freeholders or a majority of them, having first taken and subscribed an oath or affirmation before the chief or associate justice aforesaid or other person duly authorized to administer the same, that they will well and truly examine and assess as aforesaid, and having given five days’ notice to both parties of the time of their meeting, shall proceed to the spot, and then and there upon their own view and if required, upon the evidence of witnesses, (to be by them sworn or affirmed and examined) shall assess the said damages, and shall afterward make report thereof and of their proceedings in writing under their hands and seals and file the same within five days thereafter in the office of the clerk of the county in which the land aforesaid is situated, subject to an appeal by either party to the county court of the said county within ten days after filing as aforesaid, and the said report so made as aforesaid if no appeal as aforesaid be taken, shall be held to be final and conclusive as between the said parties, and the amount so assessed and reported shall be paid to the said owners or possessors of the land so damaged within twenty days after the filing of said report, and the said chief or associate justice as aforesaid, shall have authority to tax and allow upon the filing of said report, such costs, fees and expenses to the said freeholders for the performance of their duty as he shall think equitable and just, which allowance shall be paid by the person or persons employed under the act of congress aforesaid, within the time last above limited, but if an appeal as aforesaid be taken, the case shall be set down for hearing at the first term of county court aforesaid, ensuing upon and after appeal, and it shall be lawful for either party immediately after the entry of such appeal, to take out summons for such witnesses as may be necessary to be examined upon the hearing aforesaid, and the said court shall have power in its discretion to award costs against which ever the final judgment shall be entered, and such appeal at the option of either party may and shall be heard before and the damage assessed by a jury of twelve men to be taken from the regular panel and elected as in other cases. Sec. 3. And be it enacted, That if any person or persons shall wilfully injure or deface or remove any signal, monument or building or any appendage thereto, erected, used or constructed under and by virtue of the act of congress aforesaid, such person or persons so offending shall severally forfeit and pay the sum of fifty dollars with costs of suit to be sued for and recovered by any person who shall first prosecute the same before any justice of the peace of the county where the person so offending may reside, and shall also be liable to pay the amount of damages thereby sustained, to be recovered with costs of suit in an action on the case, in the name and for the use of the United States of America, in any court of competent jurisdiction. APPENDIX B.—THE HAMAN OYSTER CULTURE LAW. [Extract from Second Report of Shell Fish Commission.] OBJECT. “The legislature in placing chapter 711 of the acts of 1906, better known as the Haman Oyster Culture Law, upon the statute books of Maryland had a twofold object in view: 1. To encourage an industry in oyster culture upon the barren bottoms beneath the tidewaters of the State. 2. To prevent the leasing of natural oyster bars for the purpose of oyster culture.”’ SURVEY. “To make the leasing of barren bottoms possible and the leasing of natural bars impossible, provision was made for a survey of the natural bars for the purpose of accurately locating and marking the same. It was definitely provided that no barren bottoms should be leased in any part of the State until the natural bars of that region had been surveyed, charted, and marked with buoys.” Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 65 DEFINITION OF A NATURAL OySTER Bar. NATURAL BAR NOT DEFINED. “The Shell Fish Commission is instructed by section 90 of the Haman Oyster Culture Law to exercise its judgment liberally in favor of the natural bars when surveying, charting and buoying them, but other than this the Commission is uninstructed in this important matter. The responsibility of defining a natural bar is placed upon the Commission.” DIVERSITY OF OPINION. “No definition of a natural oyster bar could be formulated by any man or body of men which would meet with the approval of all parties concerned. Oystermen, as a rule, hold that all bottoms where oysters grow or have grown naturally even though now practically barren of oysters should be considered natural bars. Other citizens of the State who are not directly interested in the oyster business, but interested in the oyster industry from the standpoint of revenue, hold, as a rule, that no bottoms should be excluded from leasing for oyster culture which, by methods known to oyster culturists, may be made to yield a greater number of oysters than they now produce.” “Tt should be evident to every one that neither of these definitions could be adopted by the Com- mission as a working basis for determining which of the grounds surveyed are natural oyster bars.”’ - ‘ THE GOLDSBOROUGH DEFINITION. The definition of a natural oyster bar which very nearly approaches a reasonable and satisfactory compromise between the views of the subject held by oystermen on one hand and by oyster culturists on the other is that contained in an opinion rendered by Judge Charles F. Goldsborough in the circuit court for Dorchester County in the July term, 1881, in the case of William T. Windsor and George R. Todd v. Job T. Moore. This definition has been adopted by the Shell Fish Commission as the basis for the determination of the status of the various oyster bottoms surveyed and is as follows: What then is a natural bar or bed of oysters? It would be a palpable absurdity for the State to attempt to promote the propagation and growth of oysters and to encourage its citizens, by a grant of land, to engage in their culture, if the lands authorized to be taken up were only those upon which oysters do not and can not be made to grow. That there may be lands covered by water in the State where no oysters can be found, but where, if planted, they could be cultivated successfully, may be possible, but, if so, I imagine that their extent must be too limited for them to be of much practical, general advantage for the purposes of such a law as the one under discussion; but there are thousands of acres of hard and shifting sands where oysters not only are not found, but where it would be folly to plant them; and these latter it can not be supposed that the State intended to offer to give away, for the simple reason that the State could not help knowing that nobody would have them. Upon the other hand there are large and numerous tracts where oysters of natural growth may be found in moderate numbers, but not in quantities sufficient to make it profitable to catch them, and yet where oysters may be successfully planted and propagated. In my opinion these can not be called natural bars or beds of oysters, within the meaning of the Act of Assembly, and it is just such lands as these that the State meant to allow to be taken up under the provisions of the above-mentioned section of the Act. But there is still another class of lands where oysters grow naturally and in large quantities and to which the public are now and have been for many years in the habit of resorting with a view to earning a livelihood by catching this natural growth, and here, I think, is the true test of the whole question. Land can not be said to be a natural oyster bar or bed merely because oysters are scattered here and there upon it, and because if planted they will readily live and thrive there; but whenever the natural growth is so thick and abundant that the public resort to it for a livelihood, it is a natural oyster bar or bed and comes within the above-quoted restriction in the law, and can not be located or appropriated by any individual. APPLICATION OF DEFINITION. Before this definition may be of use in determining, accurately and scientifically, the status of an oyster ground, its central idea, “livelihood,” must be expanded into accurately determinable factors, and these factors must be combined into a practical scheme of investigating the condition of the ground under consideration. Stated briefly, a livelihood is represented by a sum of money obtained from the sale, at a fixed price, of a certain quantity of oysters gathered in a given ¢2me from an allotted area of ground. 82497—09 5 66 Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. Knowing the value of each of these factors it becomes possible to calculate the number of oysters an oyster ground must produce per square yard in order that oystermen may secure a livelihood by working upon it. Norr.—The factors into which the Commission resolved the livelihood problem, the value assigned to each factor, and the scheme devised for practical use in examining and applying the definition to oyster bottoms are given in outline in their Second Report under the heading of the preceding extract, and in detail in their First Report on pages 32 to 60. APPENDIX C.—SUMMARY OF THE PARTICULAR SURVEYING OPERATIONS WHICH CON- STITUTE AN “OYSTER SURVEY” AS NOW BEING CARRIED ON IN MARYLAND. Explanation.—A brief account of the particular surveying operations which constitute an ‘oyster survey”’ as now being carried on in Maryland will assist in the interpretation of records contained in the technical part of this report, and will be of interest to many who may not understand the necessity for the great amount of work being done or its complicated character. To those familiar with methods used in surveying and charting the characteristic features of large bodies of water there is an evident necessity for the various operations performed, especially when it is known that the boundaries of the public oyster bars and of the private lots leased for purposes of oyster culture must be surveyed and charted with the greatest practical accuracy. To others it will be sufficient to state that the actual experience gained from oyster surveys in other States has proven that in order to avoid endless dissatisfaction and litigation it is necessary to accurately locate and per- manently establish oyster boundaries as is now being done in Maryland. Triangulation survey.—Such refinement of survey work as that demanded by: the conditions of an oyster survey when carried on at considerable distances offshore can only be obtained by the use of a system of triangulation as a frame work or foundation. ‘Therefore, a triangulation survey including the permanent marking of the positions of landmarks with monuments and a record of the descriptions of their locations for future recovery is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey. Topographic survey.—The technical records which establish the relation between the offshore oyster boundaries and triangulation landmarks are sufficient for the requirements of engineers in making resurveys, but do not supply the needs of others who are interested in the same boundaries by reason of their occupation as oystermen concerned as to the public oyster bars, or oyster culturists concerned as to the leasable bottoms. For these it is necessary to have the charts of the survey show the relation of the shore line and other topographic features to the boundaries of the public oyster bars and private oyster farms. Therefore, a topographic survey is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey. Hydrographic survey.—In the settlement of the important question of what is, or what is not, a natural oyster bar, and in the consideration of bottoms to be selected for purposes of oyster culture, information as to the depth of water and the character of the bottom is required. Therefore, a hydro- graphic survey is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey. Necessary foundation for an oyster survey —Consequently, the necessary components of a satis- factory foundation for a complete oyster survey are the three classes of survey operations technically named triangulation, topography, and hydrography, or, stated in another way, the foundation of a practical oyster survey includes the surveying operations usually followed by the Coast and Geodetic Survey leading up to the preparation and publication of nautical charts. Special surveys and investigations pertaining to oysters.—Having obtained this cartographic survey for a foundation, partly by new work and partly from records of previous work of the Government, the combined operations @ making up an “oyster survey” are completed by superimposing on this foundation special surveys and investigations pertaining particularly to oysters or other shell fish. The special surveys pertaining to oysters furnish information as to the location and outline of oyster-shell bottoms, and are carried on by the sounding boat party in addition to the usual hydro- graphie work.» ‘This operation consists of the observation and record of the character of vibration of a wire and chain apparatus which is dragged over the bottom, the vibrations or lack of vibrations indicating the presence and quantity of shells or absence of shells. @ See Appendix D of this publication for ‘‘Statistics of results of combined operations of the Government and State.” b See pages 104 to 123 of ‘‘First Annual Report of Maryland Shell Fish Commission.” Survey of Oyster Bars, Worcester County, Md. 67 The special oyster investigations @ consist of the actual determination of the kind and quantity of oysters on the bottom, and such economic and biological studies of the supply of oyster food, density of water, character of the bottom, and other important matters as affect the growth of oysters. In this work the oyster investigation stations are located and buoyed by the hydrographic party while engaged in the survey of the oyster-shell limits. They are selected with the view of obtaining char- acteristic data which can be used for the interpretation of the recorded vibrations of the chain apparatus at all other points covered by the survey. Preparation of results——The actual surveying operations and oyster investigations having been completed for any one county, there still remains technical work of nearly equal magnitude to that described. This work consists of the preparation of charts and technical descriptions of boundaries and landmarks for publication by the Government, the preparation of that part of the annual report of the Commission covering the special oyster surveys and investigations, the making of the leasing charts and finished projections, and finally the filing of the oyster charts and records with the courts and the Commission, thus opening a county for oyster culture. Summary.— From the foregoing account it can be seen that a complete oyster survey properly conducted so as to answer all practical requirements of the present and permanency of results for the future is a very complicated affair, involving many lines of surveying and other scientific work, and requiring the professional services of experts in the various operations of cartographic surveying and shell-fish investigations. AppEeNDIx D.—STATISTICS OF RESULTS OF THE COMBINED OYSTER SURVEY OPERA- TIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT AND STATE.¢ Anne | = . | A : Somerset Wicomico Worcester} +. Operations Arundel a vi A EI sy Total County d County ¢ County ¢ County ¢ | | | —— ——s Natural oyster bars surveyed and delineated______________ gr | 37 15 | 28 | I7t Acresiotmariraloyster, bars=-- 22. --~- == 2=--<---.445—~ ; i , 65 664,925 Crab bottoms surveyed and delineated ___ | | 54 ACKeS OMatm Ds DOLtOMS. = = saa ee nn os ooo a ee we eee 32h 32, 108 Clam beds surveyed and delineated_____________________- et >.- Pa 3 es ee ea 3 PXCTES Olnalnut) DCdS== =~ Sass ne n= oN sae [i ANE | 506) |. ee [een SS 506 Boundary buoys located and planted -________--_________ | 362 154 53 108 677 Triangulation landmarks established__-_______________--- | m2) i. 86 30 48 f 257 Miles of shore line covered by triangulation_________-_____ | 110 125 46 | 95 t 360 Square miles of water covered by triangulation____________ | 220 375 44 | 1190 f 730 Miles of examination of shell bottom with chain apparatus-_| 369 296 58 | 63 786 Oyster investigation stations occupied____________________ | 440 679 | 162 | I47 I, 428 shide:stationsjestablished’—=2--==5.=-4 =>. _ 2 _. 8 eee 4 3 =| I 9 Number of soundings over shell bottoms__________________ 37,049 | 17,904 | 3,387 3,649 61,989 Square miles covered by soundings and chain apparatus ___ || 58 | 47 | 3 | 3 It1 Projections prepared and plotted -____.._________________ 9 13 | 2 5 f 28 eeasinpi charts prepared sen aor oS ea Le 13 12 2 3 30 Oly Steric hanes Oi Db MShede se mn en Se Ee 4 6 | 2 3 15 Reports published ____ ____ 2 2 | 2 | 2 16 Progress maps published 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 16 @ See pages 30 to 67 and 129 to 199 of ‘‘First Annual Report of Maryland Shell Fish Commission.”’ > No mention is made here of the large amount of administrative work of the Commission, which is greatly com- plicated and increased by the effect of the oyster-survey operations on many thousands of people whose interests are more or less involved; or of the large amount of survey work involved in the survey and record of the boundaries of oyster lots leased from the State by private individuals for the purposes of oyster culture. ¢ These statistics do not include the large amount of triangulation, topography,and hydrography resulting from previous work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey which was utilized in the preparation of the published oyster charts and records, d Work in Calvert, St. Marys, and Charles counties has been finished, but final statistics of results will not be pub- lished until these counties are opened for oyster culture. € Total area of natural oyster bars of Connecticut is 5,770 acres. f Less quantities covered by statistics of more than one county. 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