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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION — LIBRARIES
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i) Di
or A CA NATURALL FLISTORY . In ten Centuries." Avritten by the right Stor; ¢Franets L: Verulam Lnfeount S Alban .
Wp. - 1 TeDoN ee : ( (iM Printed for (V7; Lee and are tebe foulda | the fae MEN Ahead next to the Divtre | Faurne ne cFleetstrcet>
Aue
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KATA: Bo “ ers: Pee:
ee is ak
vi ey Ws Sikes WN
A Nato ral Hiltory , TEN CENTURIES
W hereunto is newly added,
The Hiftory Natural and Experimental of LIEE
and DEATH, or of the Prolongation of LIFE.
Publithedafter the Authors Death.
By WirriamM Raw ey, Doétor in Divinity, One of His Wajetties Chaplains.
| Selecunto isadded eArticles of Enquiry, touch~- ing Metals and Atinerals. And the New Atlantis. As alfo the LIFE caf the Right Honorable Francs. Bacon, never added to thisBook before,
Written Be the Right Honorable
mk ANCES
Lord Verulam, Vifcount St. e4lban.
The Ninth and Lafl Editon, With; an Alphabetical Table of the Principal Things
contained in the Tew Centuries.
| LOM DG: Ni, y
rates |
Printed by F. &. for V¥illiam Lee, and are to be fold by George Sawbridg, Francis Tyton, Thomas williams, john Martin, Thomas Pere, Randolph l aylor, Henry Broom, EdwardT tomas, Thomas Paffenger, Nevil Symmons, Robert Clavel, William Crook, and Fames Magnes; and other Bookfellers in London and % un oftnainfter. 1670.
yay roy gey f — 47 i Gh nae ‘oe ; y j \P ove sailed a 5 a 4 rd
‘ats
th mea
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Bie f ales
d * A ee ceed sporean: ceeart
on fe
Cp 7 /
/ A§ | ¥. 5
A Natural Hiltory, TEN CENTURIES
Whereunto is newly added; | |
§ The Hiftory Natural and Experimental of LIFE
and DEATH, or of the ES of LIFE.
ae Publithed after tlie Mitises Death, “By Wirriam Rawtery, Dofforin Divinity, One of His Majefties a ae:
Whereunto 1s added eArticles of Buin touch-
ing Metals and Juizerals, And the New Atlantis.
Written bythe Ri ght Honorable
mR AN CIS
Lord Verulam, Vifcount St. eAlban.
|
; The Ninth atid Lat Badiion, a With an eA lphabetical Table of the ee Things|
contained in the Jen Centuries,
3 | Loxson: | {Printed by F.R. for William Lee , atid? are to 3 be Sold by the Bookfellers of London. 1670. |
ee
rent
Flag emery —ripnvenen
bia’
3h
an
as
Ls ie fon i eR ae RO BE aon nnenans hime: nie
—|Prince: Soas there needed nonevv Dedica-
Dy ite crea rraturmushaseua naivety | RAN ARAN NAAM HAAN ANAM PAGS |Pivveovusuruuvus ewususs:
(SAREE)
| TO aes 5 Xe “MOST HIGH AND MIGHTY
|PRINCE CHARLES,
_ «By the Grace of Gop, Pe inc oto Great Britain, France, and Ireland, | ” Defer of the Faith, oc.
mM y it pleafe. Your ie Excelent Majesty; Fat ia e ‘He vvhole Body of ae real | kee bs] Hitory, either defigned or vvrit- | ei | age cen by the late Lord Vifcount eet) 5 Alban, vyas dedicatedto Your.
4 Ma ray in his Book De Ventis, about | Four years paft, vvhen Your Maj jefty vvas
{tionof this Work, but onely in all Il humble. |nefs, tolec Your Majefty-knovy, it is Yours. It is true, if that Lord had lived, Your Ma- jjefty, erelong had been invoked tothePro- | tection-of anovker Hiftory, vvhereof, not |
Natures Kingdom, as in this 3. but thefe of | | GPs! eae. Your |
tg Aan cine et nn atte eo pene RE
x oh tat SUR pene hone emp ett a eee acne cere aeemaeaeetomers ae eee
“Lhe Epifile Dedatoy..
o a
Se ie
“Your May ches, (during the timeand RE 2 of King Hemy theBigl ith) had beenthe fub-} — jet ; whieh fince, it died under theDefig- 8 | nation meerly : There is nothing left; but | Your Majefties Princely goodnels, gracioufly | | to accept of the undertakers Heart and In-{ — | tentions ; vvho wvas vvilling to haveparted | — | for a vvhile with his darling Philofophy, that | {he might have attended Your Royal Com-}
| mandmentinthat other VVork. Thus much} I have been bold, inalllovvlinc& to reprefent | /unto Your Majefty, as one that vvas trufted| — vith his Lordships VVritings, even tothe} — Haft. And as this VVork affeéteth theStamp | of Your Majefties Royal Protection, tomake} | 3 it more currant to the VVorld, fo underthe} | protection of this Work, | prefume j in all} humblenefs to approach Your Majefties pre-| fence, and to offer it up into 0 Your Sacred Bs
Hands.
Your Majefties al Loyal | . ‘and Devoted Servam |
‘ ’ | : a - PS a aS aw creamer, . iittala ott " ? ; Sa ' : mre . ‘ - % Pa 4 J } 4
Goer es ee eS. :
We t ; | ‘ \ . rc - » \ ; ¥ : ¥ % L aes rey Pe as ret i ¢ og. af * - 5 4 ie we SASS e ete eis & a Ak y > oes diet te f € ‘ . % . ASS J be a ha % ' : é 4 ° ? “ e . a . a ‘ t ene & . : 4 4 , 4 : ¥ . F ¢ # f hy ve BIG : a : a [| } San % » ‘ Be - $y ail age ' af ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ a "Ss : d + Vi a8 7 ™ ms; q =r
Aying bad the Etonor to be continually with a1 my Lord, in compiling of this Work; and | =sewy (| tobe employed therein, Ihave thought it not | ve ot Ee. amifs, (with his Lordfbips good leave and
eee) [iking) for the better fatisfaction of ihofethat | ge readit, to make known fomewhat of bs Lord/bips inten-
ions, touching the ordering and publifbing of the fame. I have heard his Lordfhip often fay; Tharif be fhould have | | Jerved the glory of his own Name, be bad been better not to | | have publifhed ths Natural Hiltory ;° for it may feem an | indigefted heap of Particulars » and cannot bave that luftre which Books caft into Methods, have: But that he refolved | | to preferthe good of Men, and that which mighs bel fecure | it, before any thing that might haye velationto bim(elf. e4nd, | be kue'lw well, that there was noother way open to unloofe Mens |
| mindes, being bound; and (asit were) eMMaleficiate, bythe | charms of deceiving Notions and Theories ; and thereby | made impotent for Generation of W orks: But onely nowhere | | todepart fromthe Senfe and clear experience, but to'keep clofe |
‘| toit, efpecially in the beoinning. Befides, this Natural |
| Hiftory was 4Debt of his, being defigned and fetdown for | 4 third Part of the Ynftauration. J have alfoheard bis |
Lordhip difcourfé, That Aten (no doubt) will shintkmany | of the Experiments contained in this Colletion, to'be Ful. | 7 ar \
Se ence — ; ne
2 TD £05" ee = Pi 2 sata sa ee 5 ER SMe EO Nn OT)
1 ee
To the Reader.’ gee
- contrariwile,the fcope, which bis Lord{hipintendeth, ts to write | fuch a Natural Hiftory , asmay befundamental to the | eretting and building of atrue Philofophy : For the illumi-| | nation of the Underflanding ; the extragling of «Axioms, | | and the producing 0 f many noble Works.and Effects. Forhe | bapeth by this means, to acquit himJelf, of that, for whichhe taketh himfelf ina fortkound , and that i, the advancement \ | of Learning and Sciences. . For having,in the prefent Work, | collected the materials for the Building s andinhu.N ova | Organum (of which his Lardhip set to publifha Second | | Part) fet down the Infiruments and Direttions. for the | VV orks Men [hall now he wanting to themfelves, tf they raile not knowledge tothat perfection, whereof the NCature of| Mortal Menis capable. eAnd in this bebalf, I have beard
| bis Lordhip [peak complainingly, That bis Lordhip (who) | thinketh, that he deferveth tobe an eA rchitett in this Build- | zag) /hould be forced to bea V- Vorkman, and a Laborer ; and | to diy the Clay, and burn the Brick , and more then that,|| (according to the hard condition of the Mraelites, atthelag=| ter end) to gather the Straw and Stubble, aver all the Pields,; | soburnthe Bucks withal, For he knoweth, thatexcept bedo| —
| gt, nothing will bedone , Men are fofet tadefpife the means) f their omn good, . And as for. the bafenefS of many of the) Experiments, as long as they be Gods VVorks,. they are) | honorable enough : And for the vulgarne fs of them, tne! — | Axioms muft bedrawn from plain experience, andnot from) — doubtful, and bis Lordlhips courfesstomake VV onders plains, —
4 oe
{
* (Fone RSEOneT PY RR cee FTE TN a xi SSSR RMN op UET nee rome CEOS b 3 4
menta Fructifera, and Experimenta\Lueiféra, || Experiments of Ule; and Experiments of Light: e4nd he reporteth bimfelf, whether be were not
re east 9 i], aud vice pleim, things V Konders\; \ and that experience like... wiferimft be broken and\ grinded 5 and .notinbolessonascét °° ligrometh ,\and for Vfe , his Lordhip, hath often jasbis | eALouth,. the two kindes of Rxperimentss Ex peri= 0.
a range Man, that fhoald think, that Light bah no Ue, becaufe it hath no Maiter. Further hus Lordhip thought
work of Interpreting Nature, and Framing Axi-. oms, all things may be in more readinef. eAnd for the | Canfes herein by him afiigned ,_ his Lovdfhip perfwadesh: | bimfelf, they-are far more certain, than thofe that are ren- dred by others ; not for any excellency of his own wit, (as
converjation with Nature and Experience. He did tconfider likewife , That by this Addition of Caufes, eMens mindes (which make fo much hafte to fide out the | caujes of things 5) would not think themfelves utterly loft | in a val Wood of Experience , but ftay upon thefe
may be more fully difcovered. TI have heard his Lordfhip |
| many would have defpaired to attain by Imitation. eA fog his Lordfbips love of Order, I can refer any Man to
‘¢ Lordfhips Latin Book, De Augmentis Scien- |
tiarum ; ich, if my pee be any thing, 1 written in
en alr a i ag Nee « , *
| good alfa, to add unto many of the Experiments them- | | felves , fome glof of the Caufes, that in the fucceeding |
| bis Lordhip is wont to fay ) but in vefpett of bis continual
Caufes (fuch as they are’) alittle, tlltrne Axioms!)
| fay allo, That one great realon, why he would not put thefe | ‘Particulars into any exatt Method, (though he, that look- | ‘eth attentively into them, fhall finde, that they have a fe- | | oret order) was, Becaufe he conceived that other men would | | now think that they coulddothe like; and fo go on with a | | further ( ollettion , which, if the Method had been exatt, |
the |
i S632 f le , if '
l a J
et a
Pathe he en ae
the one) Boral: ‘that T. — a ‘pri to
_ fae thou ‘conclude, with # “ufnal Speech of bes Lord | || prefixed. co. Wor of bis Natural. Hiftory, w the de his toretip| made it, and not as Men have bes it ; i ak that i | pater Linea? Seth: Tea
a wl
The Epiftle is the fame),
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“The T AnLe.
af TABLE
-OF THE
EXPERIMENTS.
Century Pi hase at
| . F Straining or Percolation, Outward andiuward, kxperiment 8: ‘i page t O Of Motion upon Preffure, "Exp 5 | pag. 2 : Of Separations of Bodies L ‘guid iy weight. Exp. 3 ! % » pag.3 of Infufions iv Water and eAir. Ext. 7 pag. 4 | Of the Appers-e of Continuation in Pkg Exp. I ei bato2, 9 os) pags 5 4 Of Artificial Springs. Exp. I “pag. 6 | OF the Venemous Quality of Maas Flefh. Exp. I Reeds ORS . ibid. | Of Turning Air tno water. Exped | Von 1Did, | Of Helping or Altering the Shape of the Body, Expat ie p27 | OF Condenjing of Air ro yield Weight, or a onc Exp. t gist ibid, | Of Flame and Air commixed, Exp. z pacs8 | Of the fecret uature of Flame. Exp.1 hee ' ’ pacsg Of Flame inthe mids} and on the Sides. Exp. 1 ' ', ibid, | OF Afotion of Gravity. Exp. I a 5 jo sit ee paR 10 Of | Cont rathion of Bodies in Bulk. Exp. Eo: Pe tae abide | Of making Vines more fruitful, Expt fap ge AL ptabidy “| Of the feveral Operatcous of Purging Medicines, Exp. 9. Eat denroulbtdy | Of Meats and Drizks moft Noartifhing. Exp, 15 lie \ »\pag.12 | OF Medicines applied in Order, Exp,1 i he st pag. 16 Of €are by Cufiome. Expids 7 tek pagal |i - | Of €ure by Excefs, Exp. 1 Eis eae abidy Of Cure by Motion of Confent. E p,1 ie ; ibid, |' _ Of Cure of Difeafes contrary to Predifpofition, Sor ~-$bid, | Of Preparation before and after Pargings Exp. t rate A pag.18 \of Stanching Blood, Exp.t le ibid, jor change of Aliments and medicines. Eee [ ibid. OF Dyets. Exp; 1+, ee Se ts | p2g.19 Of Produttion | of. cold. ‘En, 7 ; Ais eer 2c 196 OF: turning Air into Water, EX), 7 ; ee ‘pag. 20 Of Indaration of Bidies, Exp.8 or pg, 22
OF Preying tf aAtir upon Waser, Exp. t : : cL airaneygimte pg: 124 ‘OF the force of Unton. Exp. t ae Pilg "4 Apid. OFM Ring Feathers andl 4-5 of divers colours. Exp: I i ger Fie icur
Of Nour ifhmert of young Creatures in the E Lee or womb. Expat, ‘ pag.25 (oF ee) and Antipa hy. Ex), 3 ) * “ibid, O° the Spirits or Pseumaticars in Badies, E25) mean peg. 26 oO the Power of Heat, Exo. 1 ee , pag. 27 OF Laspoffibitity of Bum. lation [3 pk Gale Sew dtm. eae me ate pag.28
ay I. Bll ats sepoyyo? 29
F-tMujicks Exp. 14 a m pig. 29)
y Of the Nallity and Entity # Sonhde, Exp. 4 Apa Yo ‘pag.32° | Of P roduttions Confervarion, and Délatson of Sounds, Babi) 14 Jayna ‘\pay-34 lof Magnitude, Exility, aad Dampsof Sounds, Exp. 25 ue y Spgs 3
Of ong ‘and eee D, of Sy se 3 aS
be ¥ ,
The T apre. o
|} OF Communication of Sounds. Exp. 3 tech ibid. , Of Equality and Inequality of Sounds, Exp. 9 m F is. ibid, | | Of more Treble and Bafe Tones: Exp.6. Pag. 43 be
Of proportion of Treble and Bafe, Exp. 4° paceq 3 f Of Extertour, Interiour Sounds, Exp, A pag. 45 Of Articulasion of Sounds, Exps 9. ° . : pag. 3 |
Century III.
F the Lines is which Sounds move, Exp.6 p2g. 49
Of the Lafting or Perifhing of sounds, Exp,$ pag. Of the Peffage in Interception of Sounds, Lxpe 5 , as Of the Medinm of Soands, Exp. 4 Of the Figures of Bodies yielding Sounds: Expo 3 oy e Of Mixture of Sonnds, “xp. 5. i Se p2g. OF Melioration of Sounds. ae 7 eee Of Imitation of Soands. Exp. 6 / pag. i OF Reflexion of Sounds. Exp. 13 pag. 56 Of Confent and Difvent between Andibles, and Vif bles, Exp. 23 pag. 58 F Of Sympathy and Antipathy of Sounds, Exp. 5 pag. 61 Of Hindring or Helping of Hearing. Exp. 4 ap.52 | Of the Spiritual and Fine Nature of Sounds. Exp. 4 pag. 63 Of Orient Colours in Diff olutions of Metals, Exp. r pag. 6m Of Prolongation of Life, Exp. 1 pag, 64 F Of the Appetite of Union in Bodies, Exp.¥ j ibid. { OF the like Operations of Heat and Time. Exp. t : . page 85 ; of the Differing operations of Fire and Time, Exp. Ege tid» Of Motions by Imitation, Exp,t , ibid. Of Infections Difeafes. Exp. 1 bid. F Of the Incorporations of Powders, and Liquors, Een, ; ie ibid. | Of Exetcife of the Body, and the Benefits or Evils thereof. Exp, f pag. 66 | i Meats fome Glutting, or not Glutting, Exp, 1 oy ibid,
Century IV. : F Clarification of Liquors, and the eoldasithg thereof. Exp, 11 ag. 67 Of Maturation, and the Accelerating thereof ; and of the Maturation of I rinks, and Fruits. Exp. 15. | Pag. 69
Of Making Gold. Exp, 1 Of the Several Natures of Gold. Exp. I Of Inducing and Accelerating Putrefattion Exp, 12 Of Prohibiting and Preventing Putrefaction Exp. 14 Of Rotten Wood fining, Expt | Of Acceleration of Birth, Exp. 1 | Of eAcceleration of Growth and Stature. Exp. | Of Bodies Sulphareows and Mercurial. Exp. 5 : of the Chameleon, Exp. 1 aes rekon sepage cre MO ec ' of N. itrous Water, Exp. t . * OF Congealing of Air, Exp. Le ke Nee 4 | Of Congealing of Water into Cryftal, Exp eal i | OF Preferving the Smell and Colour in Rofe. Leaves, Exp.1 Of-the Lafting of Flame, Exp, 10.» ~ | Of Infufions or Burials of divers Bodies.in Earth. Exp. 5. | Of the Affetts of Mens Bodies from feveral Winds, ne OF Minter and Summer Sick neffes, Exp, I PAD
eee ——
si “The T avets
Of Peffilextial Tears. Exp, 1 ,. 85 Of Epidemical Difeafes, Exp. 1 nal «da ae ibid. Of Prefervation of Liquors in Wells or Vaults. Exp, 1 1.4 ibid. Of Srutting, Exp.t ibid. OF [weet Smells. Exp. 4 ‘ pag. 86
Of the Goodnefs and Choice of waters. Exp. 4 i ibid, Of Temperate Heats ander the Bquinottial, Exp. t pg. 87 Of the Coleration of Black and Tawney Moors, Exp, 1 ibid. Of Motion after the Instant of Death, Exp, 1 pag. 38
Century V..
(NF Accelerating or Haftening forward Germination, Exp,12 pag. 89 O Of Retarding or patting back Germination. Exp.9 pag. 92 4 Of (Meliorating, or making better, Fruits and Plants, Exp.s5 pag. 93
} Of Comspound Fruits, and Flowers. Exp.55 } i pags 100 Of sympzthy and Antipathy of Plants. Exp, %9 ! pag. tor Of making Rerbs and Fruits Medicinable, Exp.2 pag. 104
Century VI.
OF Lorinities about Fruits and Plants. Exp. 17 pag. Log
of the Degenerating of Plants; and of their Tranfi mubation one into eau E pA 4 ag. Tro |
| OF the Procerity and Lownefs of Plants; and of Artificial dwarfing them, Exp.5-pag.138 Of the Rudiments of Plants 5 and of the Excrefcences of Plaxtss or Super-Plants. E P 36
“4 ibid, Of Producing perfect Plants without Seed, Exp. 11 ia pag.17 Of Forrain Plants. Exp. 3 at pg. 118 | : Of the Seafons of feveral Plants, Exp.6 7 pag. 119 |: | Of the Lfting of Plants, Exps5 pag.120 { OF feveral Figures of Plants, Exp. 3 : . Paget 24, Of fome Principal differences in Plants, Exp.4 hes sy dbid, Of all Mauner of Compofts and Helps for Ground, Exp.6 : p3g.122 |
Hy
Century VII.
OF the Affinities and Differences between Plants, and Bodies Ivanimate. Exn.6,
, aa. pae.125 | Of Affinities and Differences between Plants, and Living Creatures; And of the Confer 5 _. 4d Participles of Bth, Exp. 3 pag; 126. OF Plants Experiménts Promi{cuous, Exp. 67 ts pig. 127 Of Healing of wonals, Exp. 1 pag.139 \Of Fut affufed in Flefh. Exp. ; ibid, Of Ripening Drink fpeedily. Exp.t « © ibid. \Of Pilofity and Plapsage. €xp. 1. x. - \ Ubid. of the Quicknefs of Motion in Birds. Exp! / ibid. Of the Clearnefs of tkeSea, the North wind blowing. expe k wee om abid. | Of the different heats of Fire and boyling water, Exp. t pag.T40 Of the Qualification of heat by Moiftare, Exp, > Bids; Of Yawning. Ex. 1 ibid, i the Hiccouchs, Exp, 1 ibid,
~ |
mee
lle = eesniteincie : ar <waniy ‘ re a oo .
Bhi TABLE. of Sneezing, Exp.1 Of the Tendernefs of the Teeth, Exp, 1 Of the Tongue, Exp. 1 \ OF the Month out of Tafte. Exp. 1 Of [ome Prog uofticks of Pestilential Seafons. we t | Of fpectal Simples for Medicines, px. ae Re
Of Venus. Exp. 3 “as IG ‘| OF the Iafetta, or Creatures bred of Putvefattion, Exp.t ak S / pagerg2 | Of Leaping. Ex. 1 pager 4s | of the Pleafnres and Difpleafures of Hearing, ae) of the other Senfess Exp, I ibids
eS ..
Century VI. |
> : : , ‘ ii . t j QO’ Veins of Earth Medicinall, Exp, tr page 147 sg Of Sponges. Ex). ¥ * ae 1 ibid, !
OF Sea.filh in frefh waters. Exp, 1 . . bid.
| Of Atcrattion by fimilitude of fubjtance. Exp. I ‘ pag.148
| Of certain Drints in Turkey, Exp. . oe br Of Sweat.. Exp.6 dS Of the Glo. worm, Exp. Dag. 149 |
| Of the Impreffions upou the Body, from feveral Paffions ef the Mind, Exp.10 ibid. EOF Druvke nne(s. Exp. 4 é p2g 152 | of the Hurt, or Help of Wine taken is as fe We Exp,t Rs | me of Catterpiller:. Exp. 1. . ‘ te ~ ibid- ae Of the Flies Cantharides, Exp, t rt pie 161} Of Eaffitude, Exp. 2 \. PB 154 |
| OF casting the Skin and Shell iene Creatures, Exp. I OF the Poftures of the Body, Exp. 3 eek: ibid’ | Of Peffilential year-. Exp. t | a pag.tg5
Of fome Prognofticks of hard Winters, Exp.t ah cugtPidy J Of certavw Méedicines that condenfe and relieve the Spirits. Exp. FE caihiae ‘ibid, ve | Of Paintings of tae Body, Exp.1 ) ene iy f Of the ufe of Bathing and Anointing, Exp.t ' se 4 'y BIZ 72SG (OF Chamolletting of Paper. Exp. 1 mr page ath gael ae Of Cuttle-Ink, Exp. 1 ie | ty op ORB Of earth increafing in weight, Exp.1 if fe We rid, | of Sleep. Exp.3 ol ala a Of -Feeth—and: aces in the Bodies of Living Creaturer, EXp.tt = = pag.157 Hi - Of the Generation, and Bearing of living Creatures in the womb, Exp.3 , Page 159 b Of (pecies Vifible. Exp, 2 } OF. tos pag. 160} Of Impulfion and fal Dede Exp.3" Y Wa heen ibid.’ |) Of Tittlacion, Ex \ BS. 161
Of fcarcity Ratna. Exp.
Of Clarification, Exp, 1 a 162 | i ‘Of Plants without leaves. Exod gauged t WO 4s “ynde oe lofehe materials of Glafs. Exp. r ; ADR ch |
Of Probibition of Putrefattion, and the long confervation of Bodies. Bip. Of Abundance of Nitre i in certaix Sed=[hores, Exp. I oR Of Bodies bora up by water, Exp. 1
‘of Fuel confuming a or not hixg. Exp. E
of cheap Fuel. Exp,
OF Gathering of. ind for wie ee ig 11
Of Trials of Aires, Exp. 1 i
Of Excreafing Milk in Milch- Beafts Exp. Of Sand of the Nature of Glafs, Exp, & 7 of the Growth of Corral, Exp.t _ é ; of the Gathering of Manna, Exp.t
th Re 4
| OF the Cure of fome ulcers and Hyrts, Exp. 1 A oukay?, ba eetipagtrer
| Of the Healthfulnefs or Unbealthfulnefs of the Southern wind, Exp. t on ubbid.
| OF wounds made with Brafs or with Iron, Exp, 1 | a) ibid? Of Mortificatien.by Cold. Exp, wd : ibid,
«| OF weight, Exp.1 ; ibid, | Of fuper-Natation of Bodies, Exp. 1 ar | ibid: Of the Flying of unequal Bodies in the Air, Exp,1 : pig. 167
Of water that it may be the M:dinm of Sounds. Exp, t. - . abid, | Of the Flight of the Spirits upon odious objects. Exp.t ibid | Of the fuper-R-flexion of Eccho’s. Expt isd, Of the force of imagination imitating tat of the Senfe, Exp. t pag.168
}
:
ze
og eee
' OF Corretting of wines, Exp.t | OF Bitnmen one of the Mater: ; ; abi | Of Plater crowing as hard as Marble. Exp, Hyeh oy) Gqbid,
| Of che Growth or Multiplying of Metalls, Exp. t
| Of Fixation of Bodies, Exp, 1
als, Exp. 30 Pape THIS Of the Caufes of Appetite inthe Stomach, Exp.t ~ pag.176 of fi meetnels of Odour from the Rata, bow: Expt & ibid, | Of {weet Smels. Exp. 1 pag. 197 | Of the Corporeal [ubftance of smels, Expt ibid, Of Fettde and Fragrant Odours. Expt ibid; Of the Canfes of Putrefatkior, Exp, t pag. 178
| OF Bodies uxperfeltly mixt. Exp. 1 : pag. 179 | a | Of ConcoBion and Crudity- Exp. I ! ibid, of Alterations which may be called Majors. Exp, I ' ibid, Of Bodies Liquefible, and not Liquefble. Exp.1 a paz. 180
| Of thé two kinds of Pneumaticalls in Bodies, Expo * ~ : Li Res hor |
OF Bodies duttile axd tenfile. Expt SOs ae ibid. Of fever«l pafsions of Matter, and charatters of Bodies, Exp, % pag.182 | of Ind uration by fieapat hy. Exp. I ibice.
} OF Hoxez and Sugar. Exp.t . peg. 183 OF the finer fort of bale Metals. Exp. 1 . ibid. Of certain Cemert and Quarrses, Ep ,' : ibid, f
| GF the A leeris g of éolours ih Hairs and Feathers, Exp. 1 ibid, } Of the d:fference of Living Creatures, tale and Female, Exp, I prg.1d4 |} Of the Compar.tive Mag nitude of Living Creatures, Exp. 1 ibid. { Of Producing Fruit without Coar or Stone, Exp, 1 De ibid. | Of the Melioration of Tobacco. BRS. Ti. - pag.185 Of (ever al Heats working the fame Effetts, Exp. ibid. Of Swelling and Dilatation ix Boling, Exp, x 3 ibid, 0° theDalcoration of Fruits, Ex), 1 page 186 Of Fichh Edible, and not Edible, Exp, ibid.
| OF the Salamander, Ex5, 1 : ; _ ibid,
Of the contrary operations of Time, upon Fruits aud Liquors, x2. Pag.187
OF blows and bruifess Expt J ibid,
O° theo. ris Rootes Exp. 1 ibid.
Oe
nen =~
TeiT aS.
ale of Wildafire, Exp, 1 7 Law’ abi,
Of Prefervation of Bodies, Exp.1 ‘ Rie: MR Nh ok ibid. AX : ibid, ef the drawningthe more bafe Metall in the more pretions. Exp.1>. ie ibid, : Page 169 OF the reftle(s Nature of things in them[elves, and their defire to change. Exp.t ibid.
Century 1X. Na rgennes ai
(YY Perception in Bodies infevfible, tending to natural Divination and fubtle tri-
(Of Bodies Fragile and Tough; Exp. 1 : ibid. |
Of Concrétion and diff olution of Bodies, Exp, ibid. Of Brdies hard and [.ft. Exp. 1 ibid. |
of the compreffion of Liquors. Ee 1 mS ayaa la peal Of the working of water upon Air contig uons. Exp. wert i Th
| Of the Nature of Air, Exp. 1 tty ua, ten 18 ee, FP the Eyes and Sight; Exp.7 4 \ is ot ea
| °F the colonr of the Sea, or other water. Exp. r S ale hh a
| Of Shell-Fifh. Exp. 1 oo
Ofpthe Right fide. and the Left, Exp. I ‘
Of Fri Zions, Exp. I
| Of Globes appearing flat at diftance. Exp, 1
| Of Shadows, Exp.1
| OF the Rowling and breaking of ne Seat. Exps I
Of the Dalcoration of Salt-water, Exp. 1
a
CO’ F the Tran{msiffion and Influx of Immaterinte Virtues ia the Force of iciaginasitig
whereof there be Experiments Momtory, three mall, Exp. 11 _ pag. 197 Of € miffion of Spirsts in Vapour, or Exbalation, odour like, Lxp.26 pag. zn | Of Emiffiow of [piritual Speciés which «fect the Senfes. Exp. Pag, 20H
Of the returmof faltnefs t in pits by the Sea-[hores Exp. E HR, ath ap B Of Attrattion by fi (imlitude of {ubtante, Exp.bs peta Pes storages lp Se Of eAttrathion, Exp. 1 “ meaty Sg, Of Heat usder earth, Exp. 1 : siash es 8 i Of Flying in the eAfir. i xp. ae Pen ae - ibid. | Of the Scarlet Dy, Exp. 1 re tie ‘ ibid, | of Malificrating. Exp. 1 hw pag. 102 ¢ Of the Rife of Lignors or Powders, by means of flame. Exp. bids f of the irfluences of the Afoons Exp. ee mi ibid. } Of Vinegar. Exp. 1 pag. 194} — Of Creatures that flcep all Winter, Exp. ibid. } an the Gennes of Créatures by Copulation, and by Putrefattion, Expsy ibid. |
Century Keo
. Of Emiffion of Inmatervate Vertnes, fromthe Minds, and the be Shirts of Men, by Affetie |
ons, Imagination, or other Impreffiows, Exp, 21 ibid) | Of the fecret vertue of Sympathy, and A ntipa hy, Exp. 39 pag. 205). Of fecret Vertnes and Propertiers Ex). 1 poz. 214)
Of the Aiton hat ed of wens Spirits. Exp, I carer pag. 2X5)
eee
es ee
———--
a PRT Hees
——— - ‘
. : Pie a | : 3 | be ony be he / OFTHE :
dy. RIGHT HONOURABLE FRANCIS BACON
‘|| Baron of Veruxam, ame aan
BY
WILLIAM RAWLEY.D.D.
- His Lordfhips firftand laft Chaplain, and oflate his . Majefties Chaplain in Ordinary.
LONDON,
; Printed by S.G. & B.G, for William Lee, and are tobe fold atthe fisn ofthe Turks-Head in Fleet fireet, over againtt Fetter-Lane, 1670,
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Ricut Honourasre FRANCIS BACON Baron of V erulam , Vilcount Se. Alban.
tithias RANCIS BACON the Glory, of bis
— # Ageand Nation, The Adorner, and Orna- = 3 = mentof Learning ; Was bornin York-houie| wsysytgs or York-Place, ea the Strand, On the 22th ee Day of January; é# the Year of our Lord,1560, His Father was that famous Councellor to Queen Elizabeth, |The fecond Prop ofthe Kingdom in his Time, Sir Nicholas Bacon, Knight, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Eng- land; a Lord of known Prudence, Sufficiency, Moderation,| and Integrity. His Mother was Ann, one of the Daugh- ters of Sir Anthony Cook; unto whom the Erudition , of ‘King Edward the Sixth, bad been committed: A choyee Lady, and Eminent tor Piety, Vertue, and Learning ; “Being ) exquifitely skilled, for aWoman, inthe Greek, amd Latine, . Tongues. Thefe being the Parents , you may eafily imagine,
hr a what
rn te et a a
OFTHE. /
i2
|| aed Towardline[s, of wit , As they were Prefages of that)
‘\how éldhe was? He anfwered withmuch difcretion, being |
“| Majelties happy Reign; ; with wick anfwer the Queen m was
_ lferved, to bave been more, than an Ordinary Proficient, in| . (the jerveral Aris and Sciences. Whilft be seas commorants én}
tbe production of Woiks. forthe Benefit of the Lift'o
- State; ‘and; foe what end, a him orver' into.
The. Life of the Rite cote
what the \flue, was liketobe; Having had whatfoever Na-|
cure or. Breeding could put into bie hx. The “4 a " i His firSt and cbildifh years were not without (ome Mark of
Eminency, At which time he was indued with that Preg
8 oe att
iw
Deep, and Univerfal Apprehenf on, which was manifeftin| | bim, afterward: Andcaufed bim to be taken notice of, by feve-| |ral Perfons, of Worth and Tlace; And ef pecially, by the} Queen ; who ( as 1 have been informed ) deligi ted much, thes, to confer with him; And to prove him wito Queftions ; un |to whom, be del pered Himfelf, with that Gravity, and M: rity, above his years ; That Her Majefty would often ter bim; The young Lord Keeper. “Betug asked bythe ae
then but a Boy; That he was two years younger than her
| much taken, : At the ordinary years, of Ribene/s, for the LehiGee ity; orl. | ratbey fomething earlier ; bewas fent by ‘bis Father, vo Prt ; | nity Colledgesi in Cambridge . To be educated; and ‘bred oe der the Tuition of Do@or Tohin White. Gif, then Malter| of thé Colledge, Afterwards the renowned Arch. Bifhop: ue | Canterbury ; a Prelate of the firlt Magnitude of Santkity, | Leaning, Patience, and A umility ; “Onder whom, He wa sob.|
\ehe Vniverficy, about 16 years of ages ( as his Lordfhip bath) beew'. pleafed'to impart’ unto my [elf ; ) be firft f fell. emer the Diflike, of the Philofophy of Ariftotle. Not for the Worthileffenels ofthe Author, to whom be would ete ai High Attributes ; But for the Vnfruitfulnets; of the way, : Being a Philofophy, ( as bis Lordthip a/edtofay) i al flrongs for Difputations , and (ontentions ; But Batre, of hy
be
ta which Mind be continued to bis Dying Diy. CAG 4 ye : | «After bebad paffed, the Circle of the Liberal ys : Father thought fit, to frame, and mould oe
mit f
a?
—_— -
Francis Lord Bacon.
into France ; By whom, he was; after awhile, beld fit to be en-
| truftedy with _fome Meflage, or Advertifement,: to: the
| Queen ; which baying performed with great Approbation, he returned back into France again; with intention to continue,
a for fome years, there. Inbis abjence, in France, bis Father,
\ the Lord Keeper; died , Having collected, ( as I have heard,
lof Knowing Pexfons ) a confderable fum of Money, Wich
hehad feparated, with Intention, to bave made acompetent
—|Purchafe of Land; for the Lively. hood of this his youngelt
Son ;. ( who was onely unprovided for; andthough be was
3 esomec in yearss yethe was notthe lowefts in bis Fathers| .
affeétion .) But ibe [aid Purchale, being unaccomplilbed, at his Fathers Death, there came no greater [bare +o him; than his fiegle Part, and Portion, of the Money , dicvidable among ft | five Brethren ; “By which means, be lived, in fome ftreits , and Neceffiti ities, in bis younger years. For as for that pleaf ant | Scite, and Mannor of Gorhambuty, :be came not toit, vill | many years after, bythe Death, of bis Deareft Brother, Mr. Anthony Bacen ; 4 Gentleman, equal to bimy in Height of Wit 5, Though inferiour to him; in the Endowments of Lear-
; ning and Knowledge ; Onto whom be was, molt nearly con- jomnedin affection; They two being the efole Male. iffue 2A a fen
cond Venter.
Being returned en Travail, be applied bimfelf, 10 the Study of the Common-Law; which be took upon bimto be \bis Profeffion. In which, he obtained to great Excellency.
i, Though he made that, ( as bimfalf faid ) but as an accelfary, ‘\and not as his Principal fiudy. He wrote feveral Txactates,
\upow that Subjeét. wherein , though fome. great Malters, ofthe Law did out-gohimin Bulk, and, Particularities of
b Cafes ; yet, inthe Science, of the Grounds, and My fkeries,
Of the | Law, he was winetaed by none... Inthis ways hewas af- tera while, foorn, of tbe Queens Counfel, Learneds, Ex- traordinary., s agraces (if Lerre not). fearce known before. He [eated himfelf for. the commodity of bis (Pudiess and Pra-
Sir Amyas Paulet, shen Employed Ambafladour. Lieger,
a j
Eife; amongft. tbe Honourable Society, of Greyes-Inn 5|
Of which Houle ; he Wasa Member, ; where be, Eretteds
that\
a t .
{
{ =
i .
| e _
i The Life er the be Righe Honorable
: oF ks oe Oa ¥ that Elegant Pile, or Structure, commonly known by the Na ane &
| Counfeller, and gave him Safe and Honourable Advice, vil, a
|was bis Fate and ue:
‘| Law ; But alfo, about the arduous Affairs oF Eftate .. From|
‘onely one dry Reverfion of the Regiffers Office, in the Star-
ofthe Lord Bacons Lodgings ; which he Inhabited by Turns, a the mof? part of bis Lifes ( fome few years onely excepted, ) unto bis Dying Day. In which Houlebe carried himfe. fe k with fuch Sweetne/s, Comity, and Generofty, That he Sot S much revered, and beloved, bythe Rea ders and Gentlemen eS of the Houle. & Not with/tanding, tbat be profe elfed the Law for his Live. | hood, and Subfiftence . yet bis Heart and Affection was more | carvied after the Affairs and Places of Eftate ; for which, if} the Majefty Royal then, bad been pleafed, he sas most fit. Tel - his younger years, be fudietthe Service, and Fortunes, (as they call them, ) of that Noble; but unfortunate Earl, the} Earl of E flex . unto whons be was, ina fort, a Private and free
cr one —
inthe end, the Earl inclined too much, to the violent and preci- | tate Koen(til of others, bis Adberents, and Followers ; which | |
His Birth and other Capacities qualified bim, sida O- thers of bis Profeflion; tohave ordinary acceffes at Court ;| and to come frequently into the Queens Eye ; who would of : ten grace him with private and. free Communication ; : Not onely about Matters of bis Profeffion, or Bufinels in|
sohom fhe received, from timetotime, great Satisfatlion, Ne- 4 everthele/s thouyh fhe cheered him much , with the Bounty 9 of u ber Countenance 5 yet fhe never cheered him with the| Bounty of her Hand ; Having never conferred upon bins a i ay Ordinary Place or Means of Honour or “Profit y Save}
Chamber ; worth about 1600 |, per Annum ; Foy which he waited in Ex.peEtation, either fully or near twenty years 5 of : which bis Lordfhip would /ay, in Queen Elizabeths ’ Time 3 e3] That it was like another mans Ground , buttalling 1 upon his Houfe ; which might mend _ his Profpect, buti it dic ic i] 7 not fill his Barn. ( ah able: in the time vu bei dee 1eS |
~
Francis. Lord | Bacon,
as the Arts and Policy of 4 Great Statefman, then, who la- boured by all induftrious , and fecret. VM eans, to Juppre(s, and keep him down ; left, if he had rile, be might have obfcur-. ed bis Glory:
~ Butthongh; be ftood long at a fan, in ‘tie Dages of his. Mi- — | ftrefs Queen Elizabeth ; Yet, after the change, and Coming in of bis New Mafter,. King James, be made a great. pro- qgre[s; by whom be was ‘much comforted, in Places of Truft, Honour, and Revenue, Ihave (een, a Letter of bis Lord- fhips, toKing James, wherein he makes Acknowledgement . That*he was that Mafter t to him, that had raifed and ad- vanced him nine times , Thrice in Dignity , and Six times in Office, His Offices ( as I conceive ) were Countel learned extraordinary , tobis Majefty, ashe bad been, to Queen Elizabeth , Kings Solliciter General ; His Maje. -{fties Atturney General ; Counfellor of Eftate » being yet but Atcurney ; ; Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England; | Lafily,Lord Chancellor: which two laf “Places sthough they be the fame, in Authority and Power, yetthey differ in Pa- tent,Height, and Favour of the Prince. Since whofe time , _ | none of bis Succeffors, untilthis prefent Honourable Lord. didever bear the Title of Lord Chancellor. His Digni. ties Were firft Knight, then Baron of Verulam, Laffly, Vifcount Saint Alban : Befides other good Gifts and Boun- ties of the Hand, which bis Majesty gave him, Both out of \the Broad- Spal aad out of. the Aleniation - Offices To the v4 lue, ia both of eighteen hundred pounds pet-annum ; which ‘| with bis Mannour of Gorhambury ; and. other Lands and | Poffelfi 1ons, weartherewnto adjoyning, amounting toa third more, beresained to bis Dying Day... x) iy Towards his Rifing yearssnot. before, be entered i invoia sar. \nied Eftate , and took to Wife, Alice, one.of the. Daughters,
|man. of London, swith whem. he received, a fufficiently am.
none - Whi though shey. be. tbe means, to. perpetuate, our +4 Names) after our Deaths s. yet he bad other Iflues to perpe- | ~saonid Name; The Iflues of bis Brain. in which he was e-
ver
and Co-heits of Benedi& Barnham, Efquire, ang. Alder. ef Pes and libe Portion, in - - Marriage. Children be. Bad |
ead
| va cia or. the Natural Hiltory.. The
oh’ ie Like of the Right Honi fi, Eo : ay Raarloeiphn. sein | ever happy, and admired ; as Jupiter was, ithe p: oduié flow of Pallas. Neither didi the want of Children , “deta from bis good nfage of bis Confort , during the Intermarr : whom he profecuted, with much Conjugal Love [peck ; with many Rich Gifts, and Endowments’; “E Befides|. a Robe of Honour; which he inrveftedh her witha hich fel wore untill her prs Day; ; being diay) ie ts mores Es : ter his Death. : si ore ety . The laft five years of bis Life, neti ib dribhs : vil affaires , and from an Agtive Life, he employed a in Contemplation and Studies. 4° thing , where | Lordfhip would often {peak, during bis A@ive Life Kae if 4 be afjeétedto dyin the Shadow, and notin the Lightswhieb| alfo may be found in feveral Paljages of bis bigiste rs which time be compofed, the greatest ‘part of his Books? gpd] Waitings ; “Both in Englith and Latine; Which’ tle mevate, (as ner as I can) inthejal? order, x wherein they’ | written. The Hiftory of the Reign of King Henty” venth . Abcedarium Nattire ;°or a vietschyfatgh | which i is 5 lof Hiftotia Ventorum ; oe Vitae 8 N
ee
i vis & Levis; sbiebe is alfo bof A Diteour if ware ‘| Spain, A Dialogue, roncbing an Holy War. ie b tbe New Atlantis. Prefaze toa Digeft of the'La } of England, TheBeginning; of the Hiftory of she'k of King Henry the Eighth. De Augmentis ‘Scientiatt Or tbe Advancement of Learning , ‘put into Latin, fevévilt Bnvichmems and Enlargements: °C \Counfel: and Moral. Or bis ‘Book ‘of Eflayes, \ikewife : ! and Enlarged. The Converfion ofc certain Plalm -Englifh Verfe. ‘The ‘Tranflation into Latin; ftory of King Henry the Seventh, Ofthe Cor | and Motal. Of the Dialogue af the Holy Wat. i Fable oft the New Atlantis: For: the Benefit of ot | tions.” His Recvifing” of ‘bis. Book 5 De Sapienti: “ram. * “Inquifitio de “Magnetes | To ica Ingu | Luce & Lumine: ; “Both thefe mor.yet rinted) J L:
———. 6 - 3 oe ea - , - —* rae ; : , ‘ , B : _
Franers: Lord Breon2! ae
* EER and Produétions, of bis laff five years. Fis’ Lord- jfhip-aljo defigned upon the Motion and In-vitation of bes lace| - | Majelty ;-To have written ‘the Reign of King F tenty ‘the _|Eighth; But chat Work Perifhed in the Defignation: ineer~ i bys God not lending bim Life,to proceed urther upon it then only in one Mornings Work: ‘whereof there is Bxtant, An, | Ex Ungue Leonem: already prianeasit a eee Mic. cellany Works. Tbere ts a Commemoration tie? As well, to bis bilities, and Fertues, as to the’ Courte of bis Life. "Thofe Abilities, | | which conimonly go fingle in other Mens thotigh of prime, and | Obfer-veable, ‘Parts, were all conjoynéits and met in Him, | Thofe ‘are, Sharpnels of Wit, Memory, ‘Judgment , and -jElocution. For the Former T bree, bts Books do iat dantly {peak them , which, with what sufficiency he wrote, let| _|the World judge; “But with what Celerity be, wrote hem, ‘Leas bef? teftifie. But for the Fourth, bis Elocution ; I vill | only fer down what Ibeard,Sit Walter Rawleigh; once Speak 0 bim by Way of Gomparifon ( whofe Judgment may well be|. trifted. ) Thatthe Earl of Salifburg, was an excellent f ker, but no good Pen-man 3 That the Earl of Norzb-| \ampton , ’ (the Lord Henry Howard ,) was an excellent] _ |Pea-man, but‘no good speaker ; But that Sir Francis|, Bacou,was Eminent in both. | | -Ibarve been. enduced to think That if there were, a| Beam of Knowledge derived from God upon any | Man, in thefe Modern Times , it was upon Him. For - |though be was a great Reader of Books ; yet he had not bis Knowledee from Books 3 But from fome Grounds,| and Notions » from within Himfelf. Which notwith- \eanding , be vented with great Caution’ and Circum- {pe sion. His Book, of Inftauration Magna, ( which, in bis own Account, wwas the thiefe ft of bis Works,) was no Slight Ima ination, ar Fancy, of bis brain. but a setled, ic “Notion, The Produétion of many years, Labour, , and’ eave, I my Self, have fee, at the lest, Twelve Coppies; of the Inftauration : ‘Revifed, year by | regi another , And every year altered, and amewded,| Te, ‘B in
——
og
inthe Frame as , Till, at lap, it einai Models i whichit was committedto the Prels; As many Living Cs tures,do lick their young ones, till they ering them , ftreng th of Limbs,” : da he Compofing of his Bopha: he did eather ic) Mafculine awd clear Exprefsion, than at agy Finenels,¢ fectation of Phrafes, and would often ask, if the feaning| were exprefjed plainly enough : as being one that accounted | words to.be but fubfervent, or Minifterial, to Matter ;and| not the principal. And if bis Stile were Polite , it was ben caufe be could dono otherwife. Neither was be given, to any Light Conceits; Or Defcanting upon Words ; ‘But did ever, purpofely,andinduftrion|lys avoid them ; For be held | fuch Things; to be butDigrelsions,or Diveshong) from He | Scope intended , and to aicedani frente Weight and. \ nity of the Reita, Ge He was no Plodder upon Books; Though he read ; that with great fudgement and Rejection of anaes ; incident tomany Authors 3 For he would ever satan ie Moderate Relaxation of His Minde with bis Str As Walking, Or Taking the Airabroad in bis Coaches r| fome other befitting Recreation , andyet, he would loofe no Time, Jas much, as upon his Fir and Immediate Rewarny be would fall to Reading again, and, fofuffer no Moment. of | Time ¢o Slip fest him ‘without fome prefent Improve | ment. ers th 4 His Meales were Refeétions of the Eare as wall as | the Stomack : Like the Notes Atticx; or Convivia De no-Sophiftarum , Wherein a Man might be refrefbed in Mind and underftanding, no lefs thew in his Body. 1 barve known fome, of no mean Parts, thathawe pro make ufe of their Note-Books 5 whew they have rife bis Table. In which Converfations , and oth was no Dafbing Man, as fomemenare ; “But ever a: 10) tenancer,and Foherer 5 of another Mans Parts. pac he one, tbat would appropriate the Speech, wholy to Himf or delight to ont-vie others ; “But leave a Liberty )Co-Alleffours, to take their burn. Wherein be wo
% hi
eee
7" Frawers Lord Bacow.
_ |wherein he was peculiarly Skilful, and would delight to peak. | Aud, ‘for Himfelf, be dpinlvacioedh no. Mans Oblervations, | but would light bis’ Torch atever'y mans Candle. .6). His Opinions and Affertions were, for the moff pare, Bin- | sling: and not contradicted by any ; Rather like Oracles, thas | Difcourles. Which may be imputed; either to the well weigh- _ lingof bis Sentence, by the Skales of Truth, and Reafon ; | Orelfe to the Reverence and Eftimation, wherein he was | commonly bad,. that no Man. would r\conteft. with him: So\ | that there was no Argumentation, or:Pro. and Con (> as they termit ) at bis Table: Or if there chanced to, be any it was | carried with much Submiflion and Moderation;. 4... oe often obfer-ved , and fo hace other Men of great : ecount That if he bad: occafion to repeabanotber Mans Words die: be ‘bad an ufe and faculty. to drefs thems in, better 4 ie ge they had before: So that. the |Authour fhould find sbis own speech. much amended; and tthe fubftance of it (fill retained : As if it bad bea Na. 4 asalto bim to ufé tog reid Abas of bis. Ba, | ale yecmnchiicia HO caibajyrt hah: &
| — vie. ei ered ax't bere aR ands =a} | veal EE aod ‘tentabam feribere, Mit ert
PAO se est Baiolins sissils. 20d E . ow
gt
ait: Officécalled-hims as ie Keipes Conny Learned, torcharge any. Offenders) either in: »Criminals, | Capitals; He was never ofan \nfulting, or Domineering Pp atuired-ver them’; Bun alwayes tender Hearted, and car a yim felf deeently towards the Paxtiesis.( ‘Though it was his uty ys tacargetbem om: ») ‘But yetsasone, that looked mp. “ ree b lex withthe Bye of Severity, But upowthe Per- q sib theitiga of Pitty; 4d Compaflion. Awd in Civil Buhinels, «as be was Counlellor of Eftate's he bad the be, of advifing : Not engaging bis Matter, in \any Precipi- : prob gba cruyasy: but igi» Moderate, and Fair ieodings= The King, whom he ferved; gicvinghim shis |Tefimony, That be ever dealt , in siecainass Suavibus jwaY | B2 Modis ;\
ee
‘*
s Ae ae Py) ae.
\4Man on, and-allure bim, to fpeak wpon fuch a Jubjeck, as
3 var Pie = ae eae
The Life of Te Rill ze Modis ; “Which wasthe vay thatwwas.moft ac to his civia hua bento on Leriek’ ered WIMP Lace ae - Neither'was He Diba nihevdefneqratifia with the Cy than with his Soveraign. He mas ever acceptable to the rates 4 of Commons, whew be wasa Member thereof. ' ‘Being th the'l Kings Atturney; and chofento aplace saDaslismedal be-was| & |allowed and difpenfed with to fit imthe thloule ; awh ds) | not permitted tootber'Atrurneys. ©.) di, po | _ And ds he wasa' good Sexvant to bis Maltet'; Bein A lin nineteen years fervice (as be bimfelf averred,) rel the King for any Thing relating tobts Majefty ;: ‘Sobe agood Mafter to bis Servants’, And rewarded their Jo |tendance with good Places, freely when they fellinto: bis Power. Which was rhe Canfe that fo many onesie jmen of Blood and Quality 3: fought to. li8t them/felves 4 {bw Retinue. | Andif bewere'abujed by any of: them in re | Places , Ic was onely the Extour, of the'Goodnels, of bas tute ; bubthe ““— f sbeir inne and Intem ae ranceg. s2asiidubedeee © | > The Lord wad RitiGious ; For shough the World e° apt} | ,0/ufpect, and prejudice, Great Wits, and Politicks toy rot j fomewhat of the Atheift , Yet be was ‘con vérfant with God :| hy | 4s appeareth, by feveral Pafages, throughout He whole Cr |rent of bis Writings. Orbermife be fhould bave | |bis owe Principles, which were , That a little Philo: phy, - maketh Men: ‘apt to forget God ; As) aceribinting |too much tofecond Caufes; But Depth of 7 al bringeth Men back to God agains: Now 1 am fi rel txno Man bat will deny bim, or account ot! if bim,| but to bavehim beewa deep Philofopher. Aud inlte <i “But he wasable torender a Reafon of the a ie “ak |wasin him); Whichthat Writing of bis » of the Cc “en |of the Faith,’ doth abundantly teSbifie. He repaired fr sents) \lys whens bis Health would permit him, to the. Ser hb the| : IChurch', Tobear Sermons, To he Aeon 7 : Sacrament ‘of the Bleffed Body and Bloud « Chrift - a died ‘in the true st mia age is the ChurchwdfEn land, ° e~ Vaile y APM TICS. BM nee eben
) vy
i ?
re. fi
| a
\
Franers Lord Bacon. *
| Thistsmoft wrue, He was free from Malice ; which,(-as he|
\faid Himjfelf, ) He never bred nor fed. He was no Keven- |gerof injuries; which, ifhe had minded, hebad both Oppor-| {tunity and Place High enongh, to baeve done it. He vas!
| no Heaver of Men out of their Places, 4s delighting intheir
| abroads than at home is his own Nation. Thereby verify. - \ing that Divine Sentence , A Prophet is not without ho-
4
* | fwered, That he would never have made his Majelties
a r, written from Italy ( The Store-houle of Refined Wits) ‘|tothe late Earl of Devonfhire , Then, the Lord (andith,
~|*Bacon, 2s alfo his Hiffory, witha great deal of De. fires and whatfoever elfe he fhall compofe. But in|-
[feet and Singular ; efpecially ia Henry the Seventh ; Where jing, \ This Lord is more and more known, arid his '|Books here, more and more delighted in ; And thofe | Men_ that shave more than: ordinary Knowledge in|
, Sp rits of this Age; and he istruely fuch. Now his Fame
_ | tunity of feeing him, and Difcourking with him : whereof one,
Ruine:andindoings He was no defarier of any. Man 10 bis Prince. One Day, when a great States-Man was-new-| | by Dead, That bad not been bis Friend ; The King asked bim, :
What hethought of that Lord, which was gone? He an-
Eftate better ; But he was fare he would have kept it from being worle., Whichwas the worft, be would fay of
_ | bi. Which reckon, wot among bis Moral, but bis Chriftian |
| His Fame ts greater, and founds louder in Forraign Parts
nour, favein his‘own Country, and in his own honfe. ic sing which 1 will give you aTafte onely; out of a Let-
{Iwill expeét the New Bffayes of my Lord (Chancellor
Particular of his Héffory, | promife my felfa. thing per- be may emercife the: Talent of his Divine Underftand-|
Humane affairs, efteem him! one of the moft capable}
ECvE
tb with Dayes finces but rather increafe. Di- vers of his Works have been anciently, and yet lately, eran- Plated into other Tongues, both Learned and Modern, éyForraign Pens. Several Perfons of Quality, during bis | Lordthips Life,crof)edthe Seas on purpofe to.gait an Oppor-|
si car-
pee eT eT Fa
The Life of tha Right Honor
1Z
{on is great, in bis own Nation, alfo ; Afpecially among it thofe;) {its returned it to the ‘Anthos: » with this Eulogy = Com|
[the Advancement’ of Learning, He found himfelfin: _ |tobegin his Studies.a new, and vanes he nei lip a
carried bts Lordfhips Pidture, from Head to Foot, over sith him into Frances asa Thing which, be forejaw would be\ much defired there ; That fo they might. enjoy, the Imag, | bis Perfon, as well as the Images of bis Brain, bis Books. | Among ft the reff, Marquis Fiat , a French- Nobleman ;| who came Ambaflador into Englands im the beginni Queen Mary, Wife ¢o King Charles, was taken mith ap \ extraordinary Defire. of Secing him: For which, bemade\ way by a Friend’: And when ke came \to him y being then) through weaknefs, confined to bis Bed ; The Marquis fa | bim with this High-Expresfion ; That his Lordfhip,. had| been ever to Him, like the: Angels | ; of whomhe had of- ten heard, and read much of them 1n,Books; But he ne- ver law them. Afier which they contratted an: intimate Ac- quaintance; Andthe Marquis did fo. much revere him, that| befides his Preduew vifits; they wrote Letters, one to the o=) ther, under the Titles and Appellations, of aan 4s for bis many Salutations, , 29 Letters from Forraign Wore thies, devotedto Learning , I forbear.to mention them; Bes| caufe haba is a Thing common to other Nien Learning, or Note together with him. © nd saminda | Butyet, in this Matter of his Pate I ips, inthe Come}
parative, onelys and not:imthe Exclufive. For bis Rep
; .
that are of amore Acute’; and Sharper. Judgement : Which} 'L will exemplifies but swith two Teltimonies , and no more.| The Former ; When bis iltory of King Henty the Se-| venth was to come forth s:\lt was delivered tothe old Lord) Brook, to be. perufed by. bim 3 who, when be bad: difpat
SS ee -
mend me to my: Lord: and; bid: him take care; :tonget} good Paperand: Inke,, forthe Work is inedenpaalall
-lotber fhall be that, of Dottor. Samuel Collins, date \Provofts| 4
of Kings. Colledge, in Cambridge, A Manof 0 yulgar Wit, whoaffirmedunto me, Thatwhentge had read, the 00k of
‘anes of his ens before: Ai
| which bredthe more firm and fubftantial Juyces of the Bo-
“\ter: Whereof he took in the Quantity of about three Grains, _ |én thin warm Broath, every Morning , for thirty years toge-|.
| “gia site be was reftored, to bis + former firength again.
Franers Lord Bac ON,
| Te b ath been defired . That fomething Soould be fenified, |touching bis Diet; 2nd the Regiment of bis Health: Of | which,in regard, of bjs Univerfal Infight into Nature, be may ( perbaps, ) beto fome, an Example. For bis Diet;
It waz rather a plentiful, and liberal, Diet, a bis Sto- | mack would bear it, then a Refteained , Which he alfo com- mended in his Book of the Hiktory of Life and Death, In his. younger years, bewds much given tothe Finer and Light. ter fortof Meats, “As of Fowles; and fuch like : ‘But after- ward, when be gress more widicions ; 3 He preferred the ftron- ger Meats ; fuch asthe Shambles afforded; 45 thofe Meats ,
dy, and lefs Diflipable ; upos.which , be would oficn make bis Meal, Though be had other Meats, , upon the Table. You
| watch extolled in bis Writings; dnd that was the fe of Ni-
lther, next before bis Death. And for Phyfi ck, he did, indeed, \tive Phyfically , bat not miferably. For be took only a ‘|Maceration of Rhubarb . ; Infofed imo.a Draught of White |Wine, and Beer; mingled ‘together, for the Space of half an
y Onte infix or feven Dayes , Immediately befarehis Meal, (whether Dinner, or Supper, ) that it might dry , the |Bod ,leffe: which( ashe aid; ) did carry away frequently, the Grofler Humours: of the "Body , and not diminifh,or car ry
_ lavay, any of the Spirits, as Sweating doth. 4nd shis was no
Grievous Thing to take. As for other Phyfick, in an ordinary
- |way,( whatfoever bath been vulgarly{poken; ) be took not. Flis
; Receit , for theGout ; which did , constantly, eafe him of his
| Natural Hiftory.
| I¢ may feem, the Moon , had [ome Principal Place,in the Fiigeire of bis Nativity. For the Moon, ‘was never in ber Pafsion or Eclipfed, byt he was {urprized, swith a fudden F it,of
Fainting : And that , though he obferved not, nor took any pre-
viow Knowledge, of toe Eclipfe thereof ; and affoon as the
He\
[may be fire He would not neglett. shat Himfelf, which Ae fo}
| Pain, within two Hours, Is already fet dowsin the End,of the}
ee ae 1 il NR eh Tye aoe. ae i Oe p a . re. bet oscil Woy eee alin, Snaeatiy ’ hp, = OP ne ;
~~ Srhe Bife of he Ri
i ey & pet) — tener | : ‘ Ln : \ ek sy, * ah B . t% RY RAE a ; a a ." & oh L . mae | b - wal Ss 4 3) ‘ Bit . hee . ‘ : id abe Soh e SES ol a 8 4 ; mt i Y ry SPE, \ nq iv , ’ - x wit} {emit a ih ia eae i \ ' ¥ 4 Mh i ale . ; BEGG ork the soy. Me . \ a te sae 4 ‘" 5 FALE CS wt some _ ae oop f \ wi : f 4 ate 4 iH Pen a, fay | ' = 4} . wer qa 7 ee eR a ; ai%g) Sh Py Al me 4 i ‘ Kati th ells Rots 1 BR ey Zieh al *
u - Bi i. | ee
Hedied, on the pte Day of aa ree yedp 6: the early mM orning, ofthe Day then celebrated ;
ours: Refurre@tion’, In the 66" year of bis A ee ¥e F
Earle of Arundells Houfe i#High-gate, near L To. which Place, he cafually repaired, about a Godo ordaining , that he foould dyetbere , Of al ver, accidentally accompanied, With a great Cold the Defluxion of Rheume, fell (o plentifully upon bis Br that be died by Suffocation: \4nd was buried, in Saint } chaels Church, at Saint Albans; ; Being the Place, defi for bis Burial, by his \aft Will, and Teftament; caufe the Body of bis’ Mother as interred there; And| becaufe, it was the only Church , then remainings ‘within the| 3 Precintts of old. Verulam: Where: he hath a Monument,| — eretked for bim of White Marble ; ( By the Care, and Gra-| titude,: of Sir Thomas: Meautys , Knight formerly : Lordthips Secretary, Afterwards Clark: of the Kings Fi nourable Privy Gountel, oe two Kings: ) Reprefentin bes full Pourtraiture in: the: Pofture of fiudying ; 3 with HInf{cription compofed by that Aecomplifbt Goole Rare Wie, Sir Henry Wotton, By, But ‘bonfoever bis Body was Mortal; ye no doubt Memory asd Works will live ; And will tw all probabilit last as long as the World lafteth. In. order to which , Ihe endeavoured, (after my poor Ability,) to do this Honout ¢ Lordthip by gi of owns to i. |
S
t
—
A VVork unfinished.
Written by the Right Honorable;
PE RANCIS.
Lord Verulam, Vifcount St. eAlbans:
wy Id ee M Won, ll: 261m i i boy ty Day all Boy al 41 ia zee Etnditaethes é oe Gao) (eae
SIERO casey oo Rett |
SY sae ree
ig THE
READER
=GiHis Fable my Lord devifed, to the $44) end thathemight exhibit therein vg Packet a Model or Defcription of a Collese, te Ee infticuted for the Interpreting of | 2257 Nature; and the producing of great oa Matvellous Works for the benefit of | Men, under the name of Solomons Houfe, or, The ( ollege of the Six days Works. Andeven fo fat his Lordship hath proceeded asto finish that Part. |Certainly, the Model is more vaft and high,
than can poffibly be imitated inall things, not- |
withftanding moft things therein are within | Mens power to.effect. His Lordship thought alfo in this prefent Fable to have compofed a |Frame of Laws, or of thebeft Stateor Mould of a Commonwealh , but fore-fecing it would bea long Work, his defire of Collecting the Natural Hiftory diverted him, which he preferred many {degrees before it.
This Work of the New eAtlantis (asmuchas | -
concerneth the English Edition) his Lordship de-. jfiened for this place, inregard it hath fo near affinity (in one part of it) withthe preceding _"" Hiftory. — W. Raney. | Jz A2
ROU RU ROTOR ce ES
NEW|
——_ SS ee
See = a ae ee ye OT A EE COC ECO A tr Gyn a ep pe
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barsanriy aera ay Cle iio ae
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Soe =| ae
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; VANES) MATE
GDGIGIED LISS NEW ATLANTIS.
mE failed from Peru (where we had continued by the Gl foace of one whole year) for China and Fapan by the South Sea,taking with-us Vidtualsfor Twelve Moneths, and had good Winds from the Eaft; though foft arid weak,. for Five Moneths fpaceand more; but then the -~Wind came about, and fetled in the Weft for many days; {0 as we could make little or no way, and were | fometimes in purpofe. to turn back : But then again, there arofe ftrong and great Winds from the South, with a Point Eaft, | which carried us up (for all chat we coulddo) towards the North; by which | time our ViGtuals failed us; though we had made good {pare of them: So that finding our felves inthe midft of the greaceft Wildernefs of Waters in the World, without Victual, we gave ourfelvesforloftmen, and prepared for death. Yet we did lift up our hearts and voices to God above, Who heweth his wonders in she deep ; befeeching him of his mercy, That as in the Beginning he ‘difcovered the Fave of the deep, and brought forth dry-land; fo he would now difcover Land tous, that wemight not perifh. And iteameto pafs, that the next day about Evening, we faw within‘a Kenning before us, towards the North, as it were thicker Clouds, which did put us in fome hope of Land; knowing how that part of the South-Sea was utterly un- | known, and might have lflands or Continents that hitherto were not come | tolighr.. Wherefore we bent our courfe thither, where we faw the ap- _| pearance of Land all that nights and in the dawning of the next day, we } might plainly difcern thatit was a Land flatto ourfight, and full of Bofcage, \-which made it fhew the more dark; and after an hour and a halfs failing, | We entred into a good Haven, being the Port of a fair City, not great in- deed, but well built, and that gave apleafant view fromtheSea: And we thinking every minute long, till we were on Land, came clofetothe Shore and offered to land; but ftraight-ways we faw divers of the people with Baftons in their hands, (as it were) forbidding usto land, yet without any cies or fiercenefs, but onely as warning us off by figns that they made. | Whereupon being nota little difcomforted, we were advifing with our | felves, what we fhould do. During which time, there made forth ro us a {mall Boat with about eight perfons in it, whereof one of them had in his hand a Tip-ftaff of a Yellow Cane, tipped at both ends with Blew, who _\made aboard our Ship without any fhew of diftruft atall : And when he " |faw one of our number prefent himfelf.fomewhat afore the reft, he drew l forth a little Scroulof Parchment (fomewhat ycllower then pamearise 2 Ae A an
{
New Atlanta.
~~ he likeche Leavecof Wiinivo. Tables. lie one a ia and fhining like the Leaves of Writing-Tables, but otherwile foft and flexi- ble) and delivered it to our focemole man. In whic Scroul were writren | in ancient Hebrew, ahdin ancient Greek, and ingood Latine of the Schéol, andin Spanifh, thefe words, ‘“Landyenot, none of you, and provide robe “gone from this Coaft within fixteen days, except you have further tite “given you : Mean while, if you want Frefh-water or Victual, or help for “ your Sick, or that your Shipneedeth repair, -weire down your wants, and ‘you fhall have that which belongeth to Mercy. This Scroul was figned| | with aftamp of Cherubims VVings, nov fpred, buthanging downwards, and by them a Crof, This being delivered, the Officer returned, and left onely| | a Servant with us to receive ouran{wer. | Confulting hereupon amongft our | (elves, we were much perplexed, The denial of Landing, and hafty warn- | ing us‘away, troubled us much. On theother fide, to findéthat the peo- | | ple had Languages, and were fo full of Humanity, did comfort us not a} little 5) and above all, the Sign of the C7of to that Inftrunient, was to 92 | great rejoycing, and, as it were, a certain prefage of. good. Our anfwer was |. in the Spanifh Tongue, “ That forour Ship it was-well, for we had rather | | « met-with Calms and contrary Winds then any Tempetts, For our Sick, | «they were many, and in very ill cafe 3, fo that if they were not permitted to} | land, they ranin danger of theirlives. Ourother wants we fet down in| | particular, adding, “That we had fomelittle ftore ef Merchandize, which | <if it pleated them'to ideal for,. it might fupply our wants without being. | ‘‘ chargeable unto them.: >We ‘offered: fome: reward in Piftoléts untothe | — | Servant; .and_ a‘piece of Crimfon'Welver to 'bé prefented: to the Officer’; q | but the S€rvant cook them: nat, inor Would fcarce look upon them, and|’ fo left us, and. went) back” in another little Bont which’ was fent for} — him: q Le at.) -% | About three host aes k we bad sifpaccnect our ur Anfwer) ree cameto-| | wards us aperfon (as it feemed) of place :. He had on him:a:Gown with| — | wide Sleevesiof akinde of Water-Chamolet, of an excellent ‘Azurecolour,| — | far more gloffic th€n.ourss his under apparel was green, and fo was his Har,} being in the form of a Turbant, daintily made’, and not fo hnge as the) | Zarkz/o, Turbants;, and the Locks of his Hair came down below the brims |} | of it: AReverend Man’ was he-to:behold. ‘He came ina Boarigilt infome | part of ir, with four perfons more onely in that Boat; and wasfollowed by another Boat wherein. were fome twenty. When he was'come withinya | | Sight-fhotof our:Ship;. figns were made to'us; ‘that we fhould fend forth | ~ | fome to meet him:upon the Warér’; which we prefently: did in: ‘out Ship- } ‘ | boat, fending the principal Man amongft us fave one, and fourof our num | | | ber with him... ‘When weswere come within fix yards of heir Boat, thes | called to us to ftay,. and norito approach furthers which we did¢ And there. | : upon the. Man whoml before deferibed ftood up; ‘and with aloud: voieein | a | Spani/h, asked, Are ye Ghriffians?: We anfwered ;\VVe weres, fearing thelets, | becaule of the Cro wehad feen.inthe Subicription. . Arwhich’anfvyer,the | faid perfon lift up his right hand:tovvards Heaven, ‘and. drevvitfoftly tohis | / mouth,,.(vvhich is the gefturetheyaife ywhenthey ‘thank Gody/and themfaid , | « If you vvill {vvear. (all of-you) by/the Metits ofthe Saviour’ hatye areno | | « Pirates,,nor have thed blood;, davvfully nor ‘enlavvfully » yvithin {days paft, you may have Licenfero come of/Land. V¥e faid, “«VVe vvete | ‘allready to takeithat Oath. VVbeteupon sonevof thofe''that!¥ vvere vvith him, being as irfeemed) a Woraiy,) made an Entry of this A&. ‘VVhich | done: ‘another of. the auendanrs’ oF Great: Perlon, which vas ‘vvith |
=
-_ P
|e ES Sacre arpa ec
a New Atlantis,
PE en tia A ac SET him inthe fame Boat, alter his Lord had fpokenalittlerohim, faid aloud, “My Lord, would have you, know, thar icis not of Pride or Grearnefs that «he cometh not aboard your Ship ; but for that, in your Anfwer, ycu de- «clare, That you have many fick amongf{t you, he was warned by the Con- «fervatorof Health of the City, that be fhould keepadiftance. VVe bowed eur felves towards him, and anfwered, «*VVe were his humble Servants, '*€and accounted for great Honor and fingular Humanity towards.us, that which was already done; but hoped well, that thenature of the ficknels 4 of our Men wasnorinfectious. So he returned, anda while aftcr came the Norery to. us aboard our Ship, holding in his hand a Fruit of that Coun- trey like an Orenge, butof colour between Orengeetaway and Scarlet, which catt a moft excellent Odor: Heuled it (as it (eemeth) for a Prefervative againit InfeGtion. Hegaveus our Oath, Byshe Name of Fefus, and his Merits; and after toldus, that the next day by fix of the clock inthe morning we fhould befentto, and brought tothe Strangers Houfe, (fo he called ir) vvhere vve fhould be accommodated of things both for our vvhole and for our fick. So, he left us; and vvhenvve offered him fome Piftolets, he fmiling , f{aid, He muftnot be twice paid for one labor , meaning (as I take it) that he had falary | (ufficient of the State for his fervice; for (as I after learned) they call an } Officer that rakethrevvards, Twice paid. .
_ The next morning early, there came tous the fame Officer that cameto usar firft vvith hisCane,and told us, ‘He came to conduct ustothe Strangers «< Houfe, and that ke had prevented the hour, becaufe we might have the whole « day. before usforour bufinefs: For (aid he) if you vvill follovy my ad-
4 © hovv it may,be madeconvenient for you; and then youmay fend for your | ¢* fick, and the reft-of'your number which ye will bring on Land. VVethanked | him, and faid, « That this.care vvhich he took of defolate Strangers, Ged «yvyould reyvard. Andfo fix of us vvert on Land yvith him ; and vvhen | vve vvere onLand, hevvent before us, and turned to.us,’and faid, He »as | but our Servant, and our Guide. He led us through three fair Screets, and all } the way we went there were gathered fome people onboth fides, ftanding
ina roy, but in fo civil fafhion, as if it had been not to wonder atus, | but to welcome us; anddiversof them, as we pafled by them, put their | acmsa little abroad, which is their gefture when they bid any welcome. The Strangers Houfe isa fair and {pacious Houle, built of Brick, of fome- | what abluercolourthen our Brick, and with handfome Windows, fome
| of Glafs, fomeof akinde of Cambrick oiled. He broughtus firft into a | fair Parlor above-ftairs , and. then asked us, .“* What number of perfons
| we were, andhow many fick. V2 an{wered, “ We were in all (fick and gpiole). One and fifty perfons, whereof our fick were feventeen. He defired us to have patience a little, and to ftay till he.came back to us, | which was about an hourafter; and then heledus to fee the Chambers
| whichwere provided forus; being in numberNineteen. | They havingcaft | it,(as it feemeth) that fourof thofe Chambers, yvhich vvere better then
the relt, might receive four of the principal. men of our company, and
4 lodgethem alone bythemfelves ; and the other fifteen Chambers yvere to
lodge us, tvvo.andtvyo together ; the Chambers yvere handfome and
__ | chearful Chambers, and furnifhed civilly. Then heled ustoa long Gal-
dery, like a Dorture, vvhere he fhevvedusallalong the one fide (for the
| other fide vyasbut Wall and Windovy) feventeen:Cells, very neatones, _ | having Partitions of Cedar-vvood. WVhich Gallery and Cells, being in
all
{** vice, there fhall fir’ go vvith mefome fevv of you, end fee the place, and |
ORE a a Yn ee
fick perfons. And he told us withal, that-asany of our fick waxed well; | he might be removed from his Cell toa Chamber; for which purpofe, | there were fet forth ten fpare Chambers, befides thé number we {pake of | before. This done, he brought us back to the Parlor, and lifting uphis’| Cane a little (as they do whenthey give any charge or command) faid to"| us, “Ycareto know, that the Cuftom of the Land requireth, that afterthis | «day andtomorrow (which we give you for removing your People from “your Ship) you are to keep within doors for three days: But letitnot “trouble you, nor do not think your felves reftrained, but rather left to ‘your Reft and Eafe. You fhall want nothing, and there are‘fix of our ‘people appointed to attend you for any bufinefs you may have abroad: We gave him thanks with all affection and refpect, and faid; God furely is manifefted in this Land. We offered him alfo twenty Piftolets ; but he fmiled, | and onely faid, VVhat, twice paid? and{ohe leftus. Soon after our Dinner | was ferved in, which was right good Viands, both for Bread and Meat, better then any Collegiate Dict, that I have known in Europe. WVe had alfo drink of three forts, all wholefome and good ; VVine of the Grape, | a Drink of Grain, fuchas is with us our Ale, but more clear; anda kinde | - of Sider made of a Fruit of that Coutntrey, a wonderful pleafing and re- |. frefhing drink. Befides, there were brought into us greatftore of thofe Scarlet Orenges for our fick, which (they faid) were an aflured remedy for ficknefs taken at Sea. There was given us alfo a Box of {mall gray or whitifh Pills, which they wifhed our fick fhould take, one of the Pills’ every night before fleep, which (they faid) would haftentheir recovery. — The next day, after that our trouble of carriage and removing of our Men and Goods out of ourShip,. was foméwhat fetled and quiet, I thought goodto call our company together, and whenthey were aflembled, faid unto them, “ My dear Friends, let us know our felves, and howit ftandeth | “with us. WVe are Men caft on Land, as ‘fonas was out of the VVhales | «Belly, when we were as buried in the deep; and now we are onLand, “we are but between Death and Life, for we are beyond both the Old | - “ VVorld atid the New, and whether ever we fhall fee Europe, God onely “knoweth: Itisakinde of miracle hathbroughtus hither, and it muft be’ “little lefs that fhall bring ushence. Therefore in regard of ourdeliver- “ ance paft,. and our danger prefent and to come, let us look upto God, “and every man reform his own ways. Befides, we are come here among ‘Sa Chriffian People, full of Piety and Humanity ; let us not bring thatcon- | “fufion of face uponourfelves, as tofhew our vices or unworthinefs be- | “forethem. Yet thereismore; forthey have by commandment (though| — “in form of courtefic) cloiftered us within thele VValls for three days; “ yvho knovveth vvhether it be not to take fome tafte of our manners and’ conditions; andif they finde them bad, to banifh us ftraight-vvays; if “good, to giveus further time? Forthefe men thatthey have givenus for | “attendance, may vvithal have an eye upon us. Therefore for Gods love, | — « and’as vve love the vvealof our Souls and Bodies, Ict us fo behave our | — “(elves as vve may be at peace vvith God, and may finde grace inthe'eyes | - “of this people. Our Company vvith one voice thanked me for my good | admonition, and promifed me to live foberly and civilly, and vvithout | giving any the leaft occafion of offence. So vve fpent our three days | — joyfully and vvithonet care, in expefation vvhat vyould be done vvith us | vvhen they yvere expired: During vvhich time, vve had every hour joy a fy | , ode oe i Se e__ i nlrnememmianentenet been eee
a e
a. . a
Cg rd Se \
| | , New Atlantis, | at
— my i
ASE SEIN oa RAT atl SR of tue amcndment ot our fick, wno thought themlelves calt into fome di- vine Pool of Healing, they mended fo kindly and fo fait, ay The morrow after our three days wete palt,there came to usa new Man that we had not feen before, cloathed in blew asthe former was, fave that | his Turbant was white with a fmall Red Crofs onthe top; he had alfo a | | Tippet of fine Linnen., At his coming in he did bend tous a little,’ and put hisarmsabroad. We of our parts falured him in avery Jowly andfubmiflive manner, as looking, thar from him we fhould receive fentence of Life or Death. He defired to {pcak with fome few of us + whereupon fix cf us: onely ftaid, and thereft avoided theroom, He faid, “1 am by office Go- ‘eyernor of this Houfe of Strangers, and by Vocation kam a Chriftian Pricft ; “and therefore am come toyou to offer you my fervice, both as Strangers, “ andchiefly as Chri/fians. Some things I may tell you, which Ithinkyou ‘« willnot be unwilling cohear. The State hath given youlicenceto ftay on «‘Land forthe fpace of fix weeks; and let it pottrouble you, if your occas “ fions ask further time, for the Law in this Point is not precife; and I do «‘notdoubt, but my felf fhall be able toobrain foryou fuch further time as «fhallbe convenient. Ye fhall alfounderftand, that the Strangers Houfe is at ‘«this timerich and much aforehand, for ithath laid up Revenue thefe Thir- *« ry feven years; for fo long itis fince any Stranger arrivedinthis parc : And | “therefore take ye no care, the State willdefray youall thetime youftay, | ‘neither fhall you ftay one day lefs for that. As for any Merchandize you ‘,ave brought; ye fhallbewell ufed, and have yourReturn, either in Mere | ‘echandize, or in Goldand Silvers fortous itis alione, And if youhave | any other requeft to make, hideitnot, for ye fhall finde we will not make | “ your countenance to fali by the anfwer ye fhallreceive. Onely this Imuft } “ftellyou, thatnone of you muft go above a Karan (shatis with them a mile and | << an ba'f) from the Walls of the City without fpecial leave. “Weantwered, after we had looked awhile upon one another, admiring this gracions and | parent-like ufage, ‘* [hat we could not tell what to fay, for we wanted | «¢ words to exprefs our thanks, and his noble free offers left us nothing to | “ask. It feemedtous, that we had before us a Pidture of our Salyationin | “ Heavens for we that were a while fince inthe Jaws of Death, were now ‘“ bronght into a place where we found nothing bu: Confolations. For the | | ‘* Commandment laid upon us, we would not fail to obey it, though it | was impoffible but our hearts fhould be inflamed to tread further upon | ‘«thishappy andholy Ground. We added, “That our Tongues fhould firft | «cleave tothe Roofs of our Mouths, ere we fhould forget either this Re- | *‘verend Perfon, or this whole Nation, in our Prayers. We alfo moft | humbly befought him toaccept of us as his true Servants, by as jufta right | as everMen on Earth were bounden, laying and prefenting both our per- | fonsand allwe hadathis feet. Hefaid, He was a Prieft, and looked fora Priefts | = reward, which wa our Brotherly love, and the good of our Souls and Bodies. So he | Went from us, not without tears of tendernefs in his eyes; and left usalfo | confufed with joy and kindne(s, faying amongft our felves, That vve vvere come intoa Landof Angels, which did appear to us daily, and prevent ws With comforts Which wetbought not of, much lef expected.
The next day about ten of the clock the Governor came to us again, | and after falutations, faid familiarly, That be vpas come to vifites, and called for | aChair, and fate him down; and we beirg ometen.ot us (the reft were of the meaner fort, or elfe gone abroad) fate down with him: And when we were fet, he began thus, “ Weof this Ifland of Benfalems (for fo they call it in
their
OL
+ “ee — New Atlantis. | te bheit TpeMickss have thir, Ihatby means of cur folitary firtistior, and of 3 «the Laws of Secrecy which we have for our Travellers; and our rare |
« admiffion of ftrangers, we know well moft part of the Aabitabie World, ‘and are our felves unkcown. © Therefore, becaufe he that knoweth leaft, | ‘is fitteft toask Queftions, it is more reafon, forthe entertainment of the | ‘time, thatyeask me Queftions, than that 1 ask you. We anfovered, Tat | “we humbly thanked him, that he would give us leave fo todo, and that “weconceived bythe tafte we hadalready, that there was no worldly thing | ¢.on Earth, more worthy to be known, then the ftate of that happy Land. ‘But above all (vve (aid) fince that vve vvere met from the‘feveral Ends of | _ ‘the World, and hoped affuredly, that vve fhould meet one day in the| _ “Kingdom of Heaven, (for that vve vvere both parts Chriffiaus) vye defired «to knovy (inre(pedt that Land vvas fo remote, and fo divided by valt and
« unknovvn Seas, from the Land vvhete our Saviour yvalked on Earth )
« yvho vvas the Apoftle of that Nation, and hovvit vvas converted tothe ‘Faith. J+ appeared inhisface, that be took great contentment in this onr Queftion. He faid , © Ye knit my heart to you by asking this Queftion in the firit place, ‘forit fhevveth that you firff feek the Kingdom of Heaven; and I fhall gladly and
« briefly fatisfie your demand. +O
<« About tvventy years after the Afcenfion of our Saviour, it came to
“ pafs, that there vvas feen by the people of Renfufa (a City upon the Baftern Coaft of our ]fland ) vvithin night (the night vvas cloaty and calm) asit might be fome mile intheSea, a great Pillar of Light, no fhirp, “burin form of a Golumn or Cylinder, rifing from the Seaa great vvay up [ «tovvards Heaven, and on the topof it was feen a large Crof of Light, more «bright and refplendent then the Body of the Pillar Upon which {o | « (trange a {pectacle the people of the City gathered apace together upon ce the Sands towonder, and fo after pur themfelves intoa number of {nmll ‘¢ Boats to go nearcr co this marvellous fight. But when the Boats were <e come within (about) fixty yards of the Pillar, they found themfelves all “bound, and could gono further, yet foas they might move to go abour,
<¢¢but mightnot approach nearer; fo as the Boats ftood all as ina Theatre, «¢beholding this Light as an Heavenly Sign. It fo fell out; that there was in one of the Boats, oneof the wife Men of the Society of Solomons Houfe, | «(which Houfe or College (my good Brethren) isthe very Eye of this King- «<dom) who having a while attentively and devoutly viewed and contem- ce plated this Pillar and Crofs, felldown upon his face, and then raifed hime « felf upon his knees, and lifting up his hands to Heaven made his Prayers} < inthis manner. ae
Sede eee =r : “ERR ? . ee eee ee ee "
Ord God of Heaven and Earth, thon haft vouch-+
_, fafed of thy Grace to thofe of our Order, to know thy) Works of Creation, and true Secrets of them, and tol | difcern (as far as appertaineth to the Generations of Men)\
| wks osha New Atlantis.
—— —-
| we now fee before oureyes is thy Finger, and atruc Mi- | jracle. And forafinuch as'we learn in our Books, thattbou | never worke/t eA iracles but toa Divine and excellent End, | | (for the Laws of Nature, are thine own Laws, and thou’ exceede/E them not but upon good caufe) we mo% humbly be. feech thee to profper this great 8 ign, and to give us the Inter. pretation, and ufe of it in mercy, which thou doft iin fomne part [ecretly promife, by fending it unto us. adic
i 3
|
_. © When he had made his Prayer, he prefently found the Boat he was ‘in, moveable andunbound, whereas all the reit remained {till fat ; and “taking that for an aflucance of leave to approach, he caufed the Boat tobe ‘<¢oftly, and with filence, rowed towards the Pilar; but ere he cameneac it; < the Pillar and Crof of Light brake up, and ca‘t it felf abroad, as it were, into <q Firmament of many Scars; waich alfo vanifhedfoonafter, and there was | € norhingleftro be feen butafnall Ark or Cheft of Cedar, dry, andnot wet < at all with Water, though it {wan ; and in chefore-end of it, which was «towardshim, grew a {mall green Branch of Palm. And when the Wite- «man had taken it with allreverence intohis Boar, it openedofitfelf, and “ there was foundinita Book and a Letter, both weitten infine Parchment, | «and wrapped in Sindons of Linnen, The Book contained all the Canonical < Books of the Old and New Teflament, according as you-havethem, (for we «know well what the Charches with youreceive;) andthe 4pocaljpfe it fell, } «and fome other Books of the New Teflament, ‘which were not.at that time « written, were neverthelefsin the Book. And for the Letter, it wasinthefe | .« words, :
-
\q Bartholomew, a Servant of the Higheft, and ‘f Apoftleof ESUS CHRIST, waswarn- ‘ed by an Angel that appeared to me ina |Vifion of Glory, that I should commit this ‘\eArk to the Flouds of the Sea. Therefore I |do teftifie and declare untothat People, where ‘\GOD shall ordain this 4k to come to Land, |that in the fame day is come untothem Salva- |tion, and Peace, and Good Will from the FATHER, andfromthe LORD FESUS. Low “ There was alfo in both thefe Writings , as well the Book as the “ Letter, wrought a great Miracle, conform to that of the Apoftles in the . | Original Gift of Tongues. For there being arthat time in this Land Aebrews,
* Perfians, aad Indians, befides the Natives, every one read upon the Book ne ‘ (<4 and
sce aaa ee
cpearat 4 eer veer © oar eae leas a ocala 2 vb ecbeincte ro nnener terete Vel meer emetoenpere—anstaaepeson
ee
pe eter nes
| \ | { |
| |
| «by relation of the Traveller; yet both ways fuffice ro make a mutual |
“was from Water) byan Ark, through the Apoftolical and Miraculous | | ““Evangelifm of S. Bartholomevy. And here he paufed, and a Meffenger .
That we heldit fo agreeable and pleafing tous, as we forgot both dangers | .
(
. , 4 F in tee en nn ern ree ne it ee
New Atlantis. cand Letier, Deke they had been writren in his own Language, . And thus . “was this Land faved from Infidelicy (as the Remain of the old World |
came and called him forth from us. So this was all that paflcd in that . Conference. HEE The next day the fame Governor came again to us immediately after Din- ner,and excufed himfelf, faying, “ Thatithe day before he was called from us “‘{omewhat abruptly, butnow he would make us amends, and {pend time | — “with us, if we held his Company and Conference agreeable. We anfwered,
“paft and fears to come, fot the time we heard him fpeak, andthat we | ‘¢ thought anhour fpent with him, was worth years of ourformer life. He bo vyed himfelf alitsle to ws, and after vve vvere fet again, hefaid, “ Well, the Quelti- “ons areonyourpart. Oneof our number faid, after a little paufe, ** That there
‘was a matter we were no le(s defirous to know then fearfulto ask, left we | “might prefume too far; but encouraged by his rare Humanity towards us, ‘e (that could fearce think our felves ftrangers, being his vowed and profcffed | “ Servan's) we would take the hardinefsto propound it: Humbly befeech- “ing him, if hethoughtitnot fit to be anfwered, that he would pardon it, | «though he rejcéted it. VVe faid, We well obferved thofe his words ‘which he formerly fpake, Thatthishappy I{land where we now ftood “ vvas knovvn to fevv, and yet knevv molt of:the Nations of the World; “ yvhich vve found to be true, confidering they had the Langgages of “ Europe, and knevy much of our ftate and bufinefs; and yet vvein Europe | * (notvvith{tanding all the remote Difcoverics and Navigations of this laft | Age) never heard any of the leaft inkling or glimpfe of this Ifland. This | << yve found vvonderful ftrange, for that all Nations have interknovvledge «one of another , either by Voyage into Forein Parts, or by Strangers } “that cometo them: And though the Traveller into a Forein Countrey, } «doth commonly know more by the Eye, thenhe that ftaid at home can [|
« knowledge in fome degtce on both parts: Butforthis Ifland, we never «heard tell of any Ship of theirs that had been feen to arrive upon any | << fhore of Europe, no nor of either the Za or Veft-Jndies, nor yet of any. « Ship of any other part of the Worldthar had made return forthem. And «c yet the marvel refted not in this ; forthe fituation of it (as hisLordfhip | : « faid) in the fecret Conclave of fuch a vaft Sea might caufeic : Bue then,.] , <cthat they fhould have knowledge of the Languages, Books, Affairsof) — « thofe that lie fuch a diftance from them, it wasa thing we couldnorttel | c what to make of; for that itfeemed tousa condition and propriety of | ¢« Divine Powers and Beings, to be hidden andunfeen to others, and yer} _ «to have others open, and asin alighttothem, AtthisSpeech the Go-} — vernor gave a gracious fmile, and faid, “ That we did well toask pardon | ~ < for this Queltion we now asked , for that it imported as if we thought | this Land, a Land of Magicians, that fent forth Spirits of the Air it « parts to bringthem news, and intelligence of other Countreys, It wa anfwered by usall, inall poflible humblenefs, but yet with a countenance taking knowledge, that we knew, that he fpake itbut merrily, “« That w. “were apt enough to think, there was fomewhat fupernatural in ¢ <Tfland, but yet rather as Angelical then Magical. Bur tolet his Lo «fhip know truly what ic was that made us tender and doubrful to ask
Th Qu yn
ies —— New Atlantis.
« Queftion s it was not any fuch conceit, but becaufe we remembred he «had given a touch ia his former Speech, that this Land hai Laws of Se- as crecy, touching Strangers. Zo this he (aid, “You remember it rights and “ therefore in that; I fhall fay coyou, Imuftreferve fome particulars which «itis not lawful for me toreveal, butthére willbe enoughleftto give you “ farisfaGion.
“ You fhall underftand (that which perhaps you will {carce think cre- « dible) thatabout Three thoufand years ago, or fomewhat more, the Na- | « vig tion of the VVorld ({pecially forremote Voyages) was greate: then “atthis day. Donot think with your felves, that I knownothow much « itis increafed with you within thefe threefcore years, 1 Knowit well ; and “«yetl fay, greater then then now. ©VVhether it was, that the example of «the Ark that faved the remnant of Men from the Univerfal Deluge. gave «s men confidence to adventure uponthe VVaters, or whatit was, but iuch isthe truth. The Phenicisns, and {pecially the Tyrians, had great Flects ; “fo had the Carthagtnians their Colony, which is yet further VVeft: To- « ward the Eaft the Shipping of Egypt and of Paleftina was likewife great ; * China alfo, andthe Grear Atlante (trat you call America) whichhave now | “bat junks and Canoaes, abounded then in tall Ships. ‘this Ifland (as « appeareth by faithful Regifters of thofe times) had then Fiftecn hundred “< ftrona Ships of great content.Of all this,therc is with you {paring memory “ornone. but we havelarge know ledge thereof.
« Acthat time this Land'was known, and frequented by the Ships and © Veffels of all the Nations beforenamed. and (as it cometh to pals) they «hid many times Men ef othet Countreys¢thiat weréno Sailers, chac came “with them, as Perfians, Chaldeans, Arabéans ~ fo as almoft all Nations of « might and famereforted hither, of whomiwe have fome Stirps and little © Tribes with us at this day. And for our own Ships, they went fundry «Voyages, as well to your Streighrs, which you call the Pillars of Hercu'es, “as toorher parts inthe Aslantick, and Meditrerranean Seas; asto Feguin (whici & is thefame with Cambalu) and Quinfay upon the Oriental Seu, as far asto « the Borders of the Eaft Tartary.
« Atthe fametime, and an Age after ormore, the Inhabitants of the <¢ Great Atlamis did flourifh. For though the Narration and Defcription « which is made by agreat Man with you, of the Defcendents of Neptune ** planted there, and of the magni‘icent Temple, Palace, City, and Hill, “andthe manifold ftreams of goodly Navigable Rivers, which (as fo many |“ Chains) inyironed the fame Site and Temple, and the feveral degrees of “afcent, whereby men did climb up to the fame, as if it had been a Scala “ Celi, be all Poetical and Fabulous; yet ‘o muchistrue That the faid “ Countrey of _ Atlantis, aswell thatof Pere then called Gys, as chat of “€Mexico then named Tyrambel ; were mighty and proud Kingdoms in « Arms, Shipping, and Riches; fo mighty, as atone time (or a lealt with- ‘in the fpace of ten years) they both made two greatexpeditions, they of “ Tyrambel through the Atlantick to the Meditarranean Sea, and they of Coya “ through the South-fea upon this our Ifland. And for the former of thefe, which wasinto Europe, the fame Author amongtt you (as it feemeth) had ««fome relation from the Egyptian Prieff whom he ciceth, for affuredly fuch “athingtherewas. But whether it were the ancient —Athenians that hai *«the glory of the repulfe and refift ince of thofe Forces, I canfay nothing ; «but certain it is, there never came back either Ship or Man from that Voy-
*‘age. Neither had the other Voyage of thofe of Coys, upon us, had better 1 iB ‘ fortune,
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|< down Waters, than any part of the Old World. Butit istrue, that the
«mained in their Mountains peopled the Countrey again flowly, by little
| “in-their Mountainous Habitations been ufed (in refpe& of the extream
| * Bears, and gteat Hairy Goars, that they have in thofe parts; when after |
New Atlantis.
“ fortune, if they had normet with enemies of greater clemency, Forthe “King of thisIfland (by name «Altabin) awife Man, anda great Warrior; “ knowing well bothhisownftrength, andthat of his enemies, handled the “matter fo, as he cut off their Land forces from their Ships, and entoiled “ both their Navy and their Camp, with a greater power thancheirs, both “by Sea and Land, and compelled them to render themfelyes withour | <¢ ftriking ftroke; andafter they were at his mercy, contenting himfelf one- | ‘ely with their Oath, that they fhould no more bear Arms againft him} ‘dif | — ‘e miffed them all in fafety. But the Divine revenge overtook not long |
‘e after thofe proud enterprifes ; for within lefs then the fpace of One hun- <¢dred years the Great Atlantis was utterly loft anddeftroyed, not by agreat | < Earthquake, as your CWanfaith, (for that whole Tract is little fubjeG& to |
«¢ Farthquakes) but by a particular Deluge or Inundation, thofe Countreys «having at this day far greater Rivers, and far higher Mountains to pour |
« fame Inundation was nor deep, not paft forty foot in moft places from | - ‘ethe ground; fo that although it deftroyed Man and Beaft generally , | — ‘yet fome few wilde Inhabitants of the Wood efeaped: Birds alfo were |
« faved by flying tothe high Trees and Woods. Foras forMen, aithough «« they had Buildings inmany places higher then the depth of the VVater ; «yet that Inundation, though it were fhallow , had along continuance, | «whereby they of the Vale, that werenotdrowned, perifhed for want of | “food, andother thingsneceflary. So as marvel you not at thethin Popu. | «lation of America, nor atthe Rudenefs and. Ignorance of the People ; for | ‘you muft account your Inhabitants of Camerica as a young People, | « younger a thoufand years at the leaft than the reft.of the VVorld, ‘for | “that there was fo much time. between the Univerfal Flood, and their par- “ticular Inundation, For the poor remnant of Humane Seed which ree |
“ and little: And being fimple anda favage people (not like Noah and his } «Sons, which was the chicf Family of the Earth) they were not able to “leave Letters, Arts, and Civility ro their Pofterity. And having likewife {-
“‘ Cold of thofe Regions) to cloath themfelves with the skins of Tigers, | —
‘¢ they came down into the Valley, and found the intolerable Heats which | — “are there, and knew no means of lighter Apparel, they were forced to } — “‘begin the cuftom of going naked, which continuethat this day; onely | — ‘¢ they take great pride and delight in the Feathers of Birds : Andthis alfo} — « «hey took from thofe their Anceftors of the Mountains, who were in-} vited unto it by the infinite flight of Birds that came up to the high} — “Grounds ; while the Waters ftood below... So you fee by this main } - “‘accident of time, we loft our Traffick with the Americans, with whom, |
‘of allothers, inregard they lay neareft to us, we had moft. commerce.'| — “As forthe other parts of the World, it is. moft manifeft, that in the | — “ Ages following (whether it were in refpe&t of VVars, or by a Natural } ‘‘ cevolution of time) Navigation did every where greatly decay, and { “ efpecially far voyages (the rather by theufe of Gallies, and fuch Veffels } - ‘as could hardly brook the Ocean) were altogether left and omitted.4— ‘So then, that part of entercourfe which. could be from other Nations } “ro fail co us, you fee how it hath long fince ceafed, except it were by | “‘fome rare accident, as this of yours. But now of the ceflation of that |
DT Nes ' Jy 7 ge nen Rees
vey
Dy RE ee ote ee ne a SE
New Atlantis.
pees I
} “ other parc ot entercourte, which migat be by our failing to orher Nations 3 “J mutt yield you (ome other ¢au'e : For I cannot fay (if 1 fhould fay truly) bur ourfhipping for number, itrength, Mariners, Pilor:, and all things chat
“Sappertain to Navigation, is as great as ever; and therefore why wefhould “ fit at home, | fhall now give you an account by it felfyand it will draw nearer
| “to give you fatisfaction to your principal Queftion.
“ There reigned inthis Ifland about Onethoufand nine hundred years
| “ago, a King, whofe memory of all others we moft adore,nortuperftirionfly, ‘¢ burasa Divine In{trument,though a Moftal Man; hisname wasJalomena; < and we cfteem him as the Lawegiver of cur Nation. This King had alarge
‘¢ heart infcrutable for good, and was wholly bent ro make his Kingdom and |
1 “People happy : He therefore taking into confideration, how fufficient and 1 fabftanrive this Land was to maiatain it felf without any aid (ac all) of ihe = Foreigner, being Five thoufand {tx hundred miles in circuit, and of rare “ fertility of foilin the greateft part thereof 5 and finding alfo the-fhipping of ‘“chis Countrey might be plenrifully fee on work, bothby F:fhing; ana by
<‘ Tranfportations from Portto Port, and likewife by failing unto fome fmall |,
< Iflands that are not far fromus, and are underthe Crown and Laws of this “State; and recalling into his memory the happy and flourifhing eftate «‘ wherein this Land then was, fo asit might be athoufand ways altered to «the worfe, but {carce any onc way tothebetter; thought nothing wanted “to his Noble and Heroical Intentions, but onely (as far as Humane fore- “fight might reach) to give perpetuity tothat which wasin his time fo happily “ eftablifhed; therefore amongft his other Fundamental Laws of thisKing- “dom, he did ordain the Interdiéts and Prohibitions which we have touch- } “ing entrance of ftrangers, which at that time (though it was after the /cala- <¢mity of America) was frequent, doubting novelties and commixture of “manners. It istrue, the like Law againft the admiffion of ftrangers, with. “‘ out licence, is an ancient Law intheKingdom of China, and yet continued ‘ein ule; but there itis a poor thing, and hath made thema curious, igno-
“rant, fearful, foolifh Nation. But our Law-giver made his Law of another |
}“temper. For firft, he hath preferved all points of humanity, intaking or- | “derand making provifion forthe relief of ftrangers diftreffed, whereof you <havetafted. As which Speech (4s reafon Was) We all rofe up and bowed ourfelyes.
| He weit on. That King alloftill dcfiring to joyn Humanity and Policy to- |
«gether, and thinking it againft Humanity to detain Strangers here againft <etheir Wills, and againft Policy, that-they fhould return and difcover their «knowledge of this State, he took this courfe. He did ordain, that of the <¢ Strangers that fhould be permitted to Land, as many (at all times) might ¢departas would, but as many'as would ftay, fhould have very good con- «ditions and means to live from the State, Wherein hefaw(o far; that 'j* now in fo many Ages, fince the Prohibition, we havememory not of one 4 Ship thateverreturned, andbut of thirteen perfons onely at feyeral times «that chofe toreturn in our Bottoms, Whatthofe few that returned, may have reported abroad, know not; bur you mult think, whatfoever they te have faid, could be taken where they came, butforadream. Now for “out travelling ftom hence into parts abroad, our Law-giver thought fic al- «together to reftrainit. Soisirnot in China, for the Chinefes fail where they «¢ will, Or cans ‘which fheweth; that their Law of keeping out Strangers, is | “a Law of pufillanimiity and fear. But this reftraint of ourshath one onely
‘communicating with ftrangers, and avoiding the hurt ; and I will now’ P ‘ : B 2 “open
exception, which is admirable, preferving the good which cometh by |
.--- aa carr orca a ae amma Te Se SER ET eB i
NEew Atlanus,
ah i! open itto you. Andhere I fhall feem a little to digrefs, but you will by’! ‘and by finde it pertinent. Ye'fhall underftand (my dear Friends) that’) | ““amongft the excellent a&s of that King, one above all hath the preemi- | '“nence: It wasthe ere@ion and infticution of an Order or Society which | “we call Solomons Honfe, the nobleft Foundation (as we think) thatever | '‘Swasuponthe Earth, andthe Lanthorn of this Kingdom. _ It is dedicated “to the ftudy of the Works and creatures of God, Some think it beareth “the Founders name a little corrupted, asif it fhould be Solomons Houle; “but the Records write it asit isfpoken, fo as ltake it to be denomi- | “ nate of the King of the Hebrews, which is famous with you,sand noftranger | “tous; for we have fome parts of his Works which with you are loft, | “namely, that Natural Hiftory which he wrote of all Plants, from the Cedar | “of Libanws tothe (Mof that grovverh out of the Wall, and of allthings therbave | “ Life and Motion, This maketh me think thatour King findinghimfelf ra |_ “ fymbolize in many things with that King of the Hebreyys (which lived | “¢ many years before him) honored him with the Title of this Foundation: | “ And I am the rather induced tobe of this opinion, for that I finde in an- “cient Records this Order or Society is fometimes called: Solomons Hou, and fometimes The Colledge of the Six days VV orks s whereby I am fatisfied, \ ©that our Excellent King had learned from the Hebrevys, that God had “ created the World, and allchat therein is withia Six days; and therefore “he infticuting that Houfe for the finding out of the true,Nature of all “things (whereby God might have the more glory inthe workmanfhip of “them, and Menthe more Fruit in their ufe of them) did give italfo that | “fecondname. Butnowto cometoourprefent purpofe.... .
“When the King had forbidden toall his People Navigation in any | pare that wasnot under his Crown, he made neverthelefs this Ordinance, | “ That every twelve: years there fhould be fet: forth out ef this Kingdom ‘«ewo Ships appointed: to feveral. Voyages; that in cither of thefe Ships, | | ‘ there fhould bea Miffion of three of the Fellows or Brethren of: Solomans _« Houfe;, whofe errand.was onely togiveus knowledge of the affairs and | r| ftate ofthofe Countreys,to which they were defigned,and efpécially of,the | | “ Sciences, Arts, Manufa@ures and Inventions ofallthe W orlds-and withal “to bring unto us Books, Inftruments, and Patterns-in every Kinde. That | ‘the Ships after they had landed the Brethren fhou'd return, and thatthe — «“ Brethren fhould ftay abroad titthe new Miflion. The Ships ang not other “ wife fraughtthanwithftore of Victuals, and.good quantity of Treafure, ‘¢ to remain withthe Brethren for thebuying of {uch things, andrewarding «“ of fuchperfonsasthey thould think,fit. . Now for me totell you hovwy the | | “vulgar fort of ‘Mariners are contained from-being difcovered at Land; | | and how they thatmuft be put on fhore for any time colourthemfelyes | | “under thenames of other Nations;and to what places thefe Voyageshave| _‘<beendefigned,'and what places of Rendezvous areappointed, forthe news| | © Miffions,and the like circumftances of the practick,] may notdoit;neither,| — _ ‘is i¢much to your defire. But thus you fee'we maintainja peat it for)! | «Gold, Silver, or Jewels, nor for Silks, nor for Spices, nor,any other core} _ ‘omédity of Matter, but onely for Geds firft Creature, which wasLight;, to} | << have-Light (J fay) of the growth of all parts:of the World.,.And.w. c. had faid this.he was filent;and{o were we all; forindeed,wewereall aftonith Hh ‘ed to-hear fo ftrange things foprobably told. And he pexceiying, thatwe}
were willing tofay fomewhat , but had it notready, in [great courtefie, : Sai s oft, and defcended to ask us Queftions of our Voyageand Fo
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— Neew Atlaniws Jand in the end concluded, that we might do weli to think with our | felves what time of ftay we would demand of the State ; and bad us | ‘| not to fcant our felves, for he would procure fucn time as we defired. | Whereupon we all rofe up anid prefented our {elves to skifs the skirt of | ‘| -his Tippet 5 but he would not fuffer us, and{o tookbisleave. But when | | it came once amongft our people, that the State ufed to offer conditions to | ftrangets that would ftay; we had work enough to get any of our men to | | look to our Ships ‘andto keep them from going prelently to the Governot | tocraveconditions; but with muchado; we refrained themtill we might Jagreewhat courfétotake. ste | We took our felves riow for Fieemeti, feeing there was tio danger of | ouf utter pérdition, and lived moft joyfully, going abroad; amd {feeing what was to befcen inthe City and places adjacent within our Tedder, and obtaining acquaintance with many of the City, not of the meancft qua- | lity, at whofe hands we found fuch humanity ; and fucha freedom and | defire to take ftrangers ; as it were into their bofom, as was enough to make us forget al] chat was dear to us in our own Countreys, and con- tintally we met wich many things right worthy of obfervation and rela- tion: As indeed, if taere be a Mirror in the World; worthy to hold mens eyes, it is that Countrey. One day there were two of out company | bidden to a Feaft of the Family, as they call it; amoft natural,, pious and | réverendcuftom itis, thewing that Nation tobe compounded of all good- | joefs. This is the manner of it. It isgranted to any man that fhall live to | fee thirty perforis defcended of his body alivetogether, andall above three | years old, to make this Feaft, which is done at, the coft of the State: The Father of the Family, whom they call the Tirfas, two days before the. Feaft taketh to him three of fuch Friends as He Jiketh to chufe, and is | aflitted alfo by the Governor of the City or place where the Feaft is cele- | brated; and allthe Perfons of the Family of both Sexes arcfummoned to attend him. Thefe two days the Zirfan fittech in confulcation concern- ing the goodefiite of the Family ; there, if there be any Difcord of Suits | Between any of the Family; they ate compounded and appealed; there, if any of the Family be diftreffed or decayed ; order is taken fortheir re- | {lief and comiperent means to live; there, if any be. fubje& to vice or take jill courfes, they are reproved and cenfured. So likewile ; dire@ion is | even touching Marriages, and the courfes of life which any, of them \fbould take, with diverts other the like orders and advices. The Gov{ verner aflitetli to the end, to put in execution by his publick Autho- | rity, the Deerees and Orders of the Zirfan; if they fhould be difobeyed, | though that feldom needeth 3 fuch reverence and obedience they give to the order of Mature. The Tirfan doth alfo then ever chufe one man | from among{t his Sons to live in Houfe with him, who is called ever } after the Son of the Vines the teafon will hereafter appear. - Onthe Featt- | day, the Tather or Tirfan cometh forth after Divine Service into a large Room where the Feaft is celebrated ; which Room hath, an Half. {pace at the upper end. Againft the Wall, in the middle of the Half “| pace , is a Chair. placed for him; with a Table and Carpet before it : Over the Chair is a State made round or oval, and itis of Ivy; anIvy fom<what whitet then ours, like the Leaf of a Silver Alp; bur more fhi- | ning, for itisGreen all Winter: And the State is curioufly wrought with | Siver and Silk of divers colouts, broiding ‘or binding inthe Ivy; and is ever of the work of fomie of the Daughters of the Family, and veiled | Ee Bj over fees
ee
18 CoN A ONE ieee over at the cop with afine Net of Silk and Silver: Bur the fubftance of it yi ‘is truelvy, whereof, after itis takendown, the Friends of the Family are} defirous tohave fome Leaf orSprigtokeep. The Zirfan cometh forth with! — all his Generation or Lineage, the Males before him, andthe Females fo}! lowing him. And-ifthere be a Mother, from whofe body the whole Li.{ — neage is defcended, there is a Traverfe placed inaLofr above on the right) hand of the Chair, with a Privy Door, and acarved Window of Glafs, | teaded with Gold and Blew, where fhe firceth, bur isnot feen. When the Tirfan is come forth, he fitteth down in the Chair, and all the Li- neage place themfelves again{t the Wall, both at his back, and upon the return of the Half-pace, in order of their years, without difference of Sex, and ftand upon their Feer, When heis fet, the room being always fullof company, but well kepr, and without diforder, after fome paute there cometh in fromthe lower end of the room a Laratan, (which is as much as an Heraul/) and on either fide of him two young Lads, where- of one carrieth a Scroul of their fhining yellow Parchment, and the orher a clufter of Grapes of Goid, with a long foot or ftalk : The Herauld and Children areclothed with Mantles of Sea-water-green Sattin, burthe} . -Heraulds Mantle is ftreamed with Gold, and hath a Train. Then the | -Herauld, with three Courtefies, or rather Inclinations, cometh up as far | as the Half pace, and there firft taketh inro his hand the Scroul. This —Scoul is the Kings Charter , containing Gift of Revenue, and many Pri- | viledges, Exemptions, and Points of Honor granted to the Father of |. the Family ; and itis ever ftiled and direéted, To fuch an one, Our wele | beloved Friend and Creditor, which isa Title proper onely tothis cafe: For| | they fay, the King is Debtor to no Man, but for propagation of his Sub- jets, The Seal fet t6 the Kings Charter, is the KingsImage imboffed or moulded in Gold. And though fuch Charters be expedited of courfe, | and as of right, yet they are varied by difcretion, according to the num-| ber and dignity of theFamily, This Charter the Herauld readeth aloud ; | and while it is read, the Father or Tirfan ftandeth up, (upported by two of hisSons, fuch ashe chufcth. Then the Herauld mounreth the Half- pace, anddelivereth the Charter into his hand, and with that there is an ac- | clamation by, all that are prefent in their Language, which is thus much, | Happy ave the People of Benfalem, Then the Herauld taketh into his hand } from the other Childe the clufter of Grapes, which is of Gold, both the] S:a'k and the Grapes; but the Grapes are daintily enamelled: And if the | Males of the Family be the greater number, the Grapes are enamelled | | Purple, with alittle Sun fet on the top; if the Females, then they are} ‘enamelled into a greenifh yellow, with a Crefcent on the top. Thej | Grapes are in number as many as there are Defcendants of the Family.| — ‘This Golden Ciufterthe Herauld delivereth alfo to the Zirfan, who pre-| fently delivereth it over to that Son thathe had formerly chofen to be in| — houle with bim; who beareth it before his Father as an Enfign of Honor, | -when he goeth in publick ever after, and is thereupon called rhe Son of | ‘the Vine. Aftce this Ceremony ended, the Parker or Firfan xetiteth, andj after fome €ime cometh forth again to Dinner, where he fitreth alone| . ‘under the State as before; and none of his Defcendants fit with him; of| — | what degrce or dignity foever, except he hap to be of Solomons Houfe.) He is ferved onely by his own Children, fuch as are Male, who perform; | unto him all fervice of the Table uponthe knee; andthe Women onely| — ftand about him, leaningagainftthe Wall. The Room below his Half-pac | | ers 5 fis aN ie hath
; t
— New Atlantis. \ hath Tables on the fides for the Guefts that are bidden, who are ferved with grear and comely order ¢ and toward the endof Dinner (which ia the greareft Feafts with them, lafteth never above an hour and a half) | there is an Hymn (ung, varied according tothe Invention of him that corm- pofed it, (for they have excellent Poefie;) bur the fubje& of ic is (always) the praifes of eAdam, and Noah, and csbraham; whereof the formertwo | peopicd the World, andthe laft was the Father of the Faithful ; concluaing ever with a Thank(giving for the Nativity of our Saviour, in whofe Birth the Births of a!lareoncly Bleffed. Dinner being done, the Tirfan retireth again, and having withdrawn himfelf alone into a place, where hemaketh (ome private Prayers, he cometh forth the third time to give the Blefling » with all his Defcendants, who ftand about him as at the frit. Then he calleth them forth, by one and by one, by name, as he pleafeth, though | feldomthe orderof age be inverted. The perfon that is called (the Table
being beforeremoyed) kneeleth down beforethe Chair, and the Father lay eth his hand upon his head, or her head, and giveth the Bleffing in thee | words ; Son of Benfzlem (or Daughter of Benfalem) thy Father faith it, the | Man by whom thou haft breath andlife (peaketh the word: The Blefing of the Ever- lifting Father, the Prince of Peace, and the Holy Doye be upon thee, awd make the | days of thy Pilgrimage good and many. “This he faith to every of them}; and rhat | done, if there be any of his Sons of eminent Merit and Vertue, (fo they | be not aboye two) he callethforthem again, and faith, laying his arm over _\their fhoulders, they ftanding, Sons, it i well you ave born; give God the praife, and perfevere to tke end. And withal delivereth ro either of them a Jewel, | made in thefigure of an Ear of Wheat, which they ever after wear in the | front of their Turbantor Hat. This done, they fallto Mufick and Dances. } and other Recreations after their manner forthercftof theday. This is the | full order of that Feaft. | __ By thar time fix or feven days were fpent, I was faln into ftraight ac- } quaintance witha Merchant of that'Cirv, whofe name was Foabin; he Was a Jew, and circumcifed : For they have fome few ftirps of Jews yet re- | maining among them, whom they leave to their own Religion 5 which |they may the berterdo, becaufe they are of a far differing difpofition from the jews in other parts. For whcreastey hate the Nameof CHRIST, and havea feerer inbred rancor againft the people, among whom they live: Thefe (contrariwi(e) give unico our SAVIOUR many high Attri-. -jbu-es, and love the Nation of Benfalem extreamly. Surely thisMan, of whom Ifpeak, wouldever acknowledge that CHRIST was born of a
Virgin, and that he was more thena Man; and he would tell how GOD -jmade him Kuler of the Scraphims which guard his Throne 3 and they ‘\call him alfo the cMilken way, and the Eliah of the CWefiah, and many other high Names ; Which though they be inferior to his Divine Mujefy, jyet they arefarfrom the Langu>ge of other Jews. And for the Countrey of Benfalem , this Manwou'd make no end of commending ir, being de- firous, by Tradition among the jews there, to have it believed, that the people thereof were of the Generations of ~Zbraham by another Son, ‘| whom they call Nachoran; ani that Abfes by afecret Cabala ordained the | Laws of Benfalem, which they now ufe; and that when the Mefiah fhould
}come and fit in his Throne at Ferafalew, the King of Benfalem thould fir ‘jat his Beer, whereas other Kings fhould keep agreat diftance. But yct fetting afide thefe Jéwifh Dreams, the Man was a wife man and learned, and of great policy, and excellently feen in the Laws and Cuttoms of that
Nation.
_
New Atlanus. Si
Nation. Amongft other difcourfes ,. one day I told lim, 1 was much affe@ed with the Relation ] had from fome of the company; of their | Cuftom in holding the Feaft of the Family, for that (me thought) | had never heard of a Solemnity wherein Nature did fo muchprefide. And } becaufe Propagation of Familiesproceedeth fromthe Nuptial Copulation, | I defired to know of him what Laws and Cuftoms they had concerning |’ Marriage, and whether they kept Marriage well, and whether they were ' ticdto one Wife. For that where Population is fo much affe@ed and | fuch as with them it feemed tobe, there is commonly permiflion of Plu- rality of Wives. To this he faid, “ Youhave reafon forto commind “that excellent Inftitution of the Feaft of the Family ; and indeed we “have experience, that thofe Vamilies that are partakers of the Bleflings | “ of that Feaft do flourifh and profper’ ever after inan extraordinary man- | “ner. Buthearmenow, and! willtell you whatI know. You thall un- | “ derftand, thatthere is not under the Heavens, fo chaftea Nation as this
“of Benfalem, nor {fo free from all pollution orfoulnefs; i: is the Virgin “ofthe World. 2 remember I have read in one of your European Books
“ of anholy Hermit amongft you, that defired to fee the Spiritof Fornication, | “and there appeared tohim alittle foul ugly <2 thiope : But if he had | © « defiredto fee the Spirit of Chaftity of Benfalem, it would have appeared to
“him in the likenefs of a fair beautiful Cherubin ; for there is nothing | “ amongft Mortal Men more fair and admirable, then thé chafte Mindes | “ofthis Reople. Know therefore, that with them there are no Stews, | “ nodiffolute;Houfes, no Courtefans, nor any thing of that kinde; nay “they wonder (with deteftation) at you in Europe which permit fach “things. They fay you have put Marriage out of office; for Marriage | <¢ is ordained a remedy for unlawful concupifcence, and natural concu-
pifcence feemeth as a {pur to Marriage : But when Men have athand |
‘ca remedy more agreeable to their corrupt will, Marriage isalmoft ex- | “pulfed. Andtherefore, there are with you feen. infinite Men tharmar- | “ry not, but chufe rather a Libertine, and impure fingle life, then to be
“‘yoakedin Marriage ; and many that do marry, marry late, when the | “prime and ftrength of their years is paft ; and when they do marry, | « whatis Marriage to them, but avery Bargain, wherein is fought Alli- | “ance, or Portion, or Reputation, with fome deftre (almoft indifterent) | «of iflue, and not the faithful Nuptial Union of Man and Wife that was Vi « firft inftituted 2 Neither is it poffible, that thofe that have ‘caft away fo | é«ebafely fo much of their ftrength, fhould greatly efteem Children (be- || | « ing of thefamematter) aschaft Mendo. So likewife during Marriage, |
«cis the cafe much amended, as itoughttobe, if thofe things were tole- , « rated onely for neceflity? No, butthey remain ftill as avery affront to| — se Marriage; thehuntingof thofediffolute places, orrefortto Courtefans,| sare no more punifhed in Married men, then in Batchelors : And the de-| s¢ praved cultom of change, and the delight in meretricious embrace-| _ «ments, (where Sinis turned into Art) maketh Marriage a dull thing, and! i ca kinde of Jmpofition’ or Tax. They hear you defend thefe things as |< done to avoid greater evils; as Advowtries , Deflouring of Virgins -« Unnatural Luft, aud the like: But they fay this isa prepofterous W cedom; and they call ic Loss offer, who to fave his Guefts from abufi “offered his Daughters : Nay, they fay further, that there is little gained | «inthis, for that thefame Vices and Appetites do ftill remain and abound, } ¢ Unlawful Luft being like a Furnace, that if you ftop the Flames alto-
ew er
New Atlantis, 7 “gether, it wiliquench bucit you give it any vent, i willrage,, As fo “Mafculine Love, they have no touch of it, and yet there are not fo furch: “ful andinviolate. Friendships in the World again as are there ; andro |: “(peak generally (as I faid before) 1 have not read of any fuch Chaitity in | “any Peopleas theirs. And sheirufaal faying #4, That whofoever is unchate, “cannot reverencehimfelf. ud they fay, That the reverence of aMans (elf | *ic,nextReligion, thechiefeft Bridle of all Vices. And when he, had, faid this, the good fevy paufed alittle. Whercupon, I far more willing to bear {him fpeak on, thanto fpeak my felf; yet thinking it decent, that upon his paufe of Speech I fhould not be altogether filent, faid onely this,“ That 1 4 would fay to him, as the Widow of Sarepra faid to Elia, Thathe was ‘4 cometobring to mcmory ourfins ; and that 1 confe/s therighteoufnefs of 4) Benfalem, was greater than therighteoufnefs of Europe. . Ae vvbich Speech, he boyyed his Head, and vvent on in this manner, ‘«,They have alfo many wife. and | || “ excellent Laws touching, Mariage; they allow no Polygamy; they have ‘¥ “ ordained, thatnone do intermarry or contract until a moneth be:patt from ‘| “their firft interview. Marriage without confent of Parents, rhey do not 4° m ke void, but they mulét it inthe Inheritors; for the Children of {ach {<< Marnages are not admicced co inherit above a third part of their, Parents “Inheritance. I have read ina Book of one of your Men, of a Feigned -}* Commonwealth, where the married couple are permitted before they j “ contraé&t tofee one another naked. This they diflike, for they think it a | « {corn to give arefufal’after fo familiar knowledges but becaule of many “| © nidden defeés in Men and Womens Bodies, they havea more civil way ; | or they have near every Town, a couple of Pools ( which they call | % «-4dam.and Eves Pools) where it is permitted to one of the Friends of the |< Man, and another of the Friends of the Woman, to fee them feverally | - 4 < bath naked... fy RA aah ie a ai eee Ri |. Andaswe were thus in‘Gonference, there came one that f-emed robe ja Mcflenger., in a rich Huke, that fpake with the Fey» ; whereupon he i turned to me, and faid, Tow vvill pardon me, for I am commanded avvay in hafte. | The next morning he came.to me again; joyfu', as it, feemed, and faid,
_| < There is word come tothe Governor of the City, that one of the Fathers \“ofs olomons Houle will be here this day feven-night 3 we have feen none of «chem this. dozen years. His coming isin (tate, but the caule of his coming «“isfecre’. I will provide yow,and your Fellows of a good ftanding to fee “hisentry. .Lthankedhim, andtold him, J was moftgtad of the neyys. The | day beng come, he made his entry. He was a Manof middle ftature and agc, comely of perfon , and had an a(peé as if he pitied men: He was cloathed in a1obe of fine black Cloth, with wide Sleeves, and a Cape ; his under Garment was of excellent white Linnen down to the Foor, girt with a Girdle of the fame,, and a Sindon or Tippet of the fame about his Neck; he had Gloves that were curious, and fet with Stone, and Shooes of Peach-ccloured Velvet ; his Neck was bare to the Shoulders; his Hat was like a Helmet or Spanifh Momera, and his Locks curled below it de- ently, they were of colour brown ; his Beard was cut round, and of the fame colour with his Hair, fomewhat lighter. He was carried in a rich Gbariot without Wheels, Litter-wife, with two Horfes at either end, tichly trapped in blew Velvet embroidered, and two Footmen on each ide in the like atrire. The Chariot was all of Cedar, gilt and adorned with Crvftal, fave that the fore-end had Pannels of Saphiresfer in borders {of Gold, ard the hinder-end the like of Emeralds of the Pers colour. | *
—_- Mite Ses RG SIT There
ee soe
= . ‘ | APs i) — a
a ieee New Atlantis, Ree
—
| There was allo aSunof Gold, radiant upon the tep ia the mid#; andon| '|the top before a fmall Chertth of Gold, with Wings difplayed. The ~|| Chariot was covered with Cloth of Gold ciffued upon biew. He had | | before him fitty attendants, young men all, in white Satren loofe Coats, } tip to themid-leg. and Stockins ot white Silk, and Shooes of blew Velver, | and Hats of blew Velvet, with fine Plumes of divers colours fet ronnd like} | Hatbands. Next before the Chariot, went two men bare-headed, in| | Lionen Garments down to the Foor, girt, and Shooes of blew Velyer, | | who carried, the one a Crofier, the orher a Paftoral Staff like a Sheep..|_ | hook, neither of them of Metal, but the Crofier of Balm-wood, the} | Paftoral-Staff of Cedar. Horfemen he hadnone, neither before, nor be- | hinde his Chariot, as it feemeth, to avoid all tumult and trouble. Be-. | hinde his Chariot went all the Officers and Principals of the Companies | | of the City. He fate alone upon Cufhions, of akinde of excellent Pluth, } blew, and under his Foor curious Carpets of Silk of divérs colours, like | the Perfian, but far finer. He held up his barehand as he went, as blefs- | ing the People, but in filence. “The Sircer was Wonderfally well kept, fo that there was never any Army had their Men ftand in betrer battel- ¢ array, then the people flood. The Windows likewifc were not crouded, | but every one ftood in them, as if they had been placed. When the fhow waspatt, the Jevy faidtome, “ I fhall not be able toattend yon as I “would, inregard of fome charge the City hath laid upon me for the en- | “ rertaining of this great Perfon. Three days after the Jew came 10 ne again, and faid, “ Yeare happy men, for the Father of Solomons Houfe taketh knowledge of f ‘your being here, and commanded me to tell you, that he will admit all | “ your company to his prefence, and lave private conference with one of ‘you that ye fhall chufe; and for this, hath appointed the next day after ro} ‘‘morrow. And becaufe he meaneth to give you his Blefling, he hath | “appointed it in the forenoon. We came at our day and hour, and I was chofen by my fellows for the private accefs, We found him ina fair } Chamber richly hanged, and carpeted under Foot, without any degrees to } theState: He was fet upon alow Throne, richly adorned, andarich Cloth | of State over his head of blew Sattin embroidered, ~ He was alone, fave that he had two Pages of Honor on cither hand one, finely attired in white. His under Gatments were the like, that we faw him wear in the | _ Chariot; but infteadof his Gown, be had onhim a Mantle with a Cape |. of the fame fine Black, faftnedabouthim. When we camein, as we were} '| taught, we bowed low at our firft entrance ; and when we were come} ncar his Chair, he ftood up, holding forth his hand ungloved, and in potture of Bleffings and we every one of us ftooped down andkiffed the} ‘hem of his Tippet. Thatdone, the reft departed, and] remained, Then} _| he watned the Pages forth of the Room, and caufed me to fit down befide}
| him, and fpake co me thus in the S’pani/>' Tongue, -
So eben f ed j y et th g é : j Fi ihe at : i
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ae | rod W b OSM. LOE 37 162 a | |
‘ Sg I ae no in nels
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New Atlanns. hy. hi
a OD Blefs thee, my Son, I will give thee the greateft Jewel L z have; for I will impart unto thee, for the loveof God and Men; |
<< a Relation of the true ftate of Solomons Houle. Son, to make |
eh ae you know thetrue ftate of Solomons Houle, I will keep this order. pes Firft, I will fet forth unto you the End of our Foundation, Secondly, | “The Preparations and Inftruments we have for our Works. Thirdly, | “ The feveral Employments and Funétions'whereto our Fellows are affign- \ “ed: And fourthly, The Ordinances and Rites which we obferve. |
<¢ The End of our Foundation, isthe Knowledge of Caufesand Secret «Motions of things, and the enlarging of the Bounds of Humane Empire, “tothe effeating of all things poffible. :
“ The Preparations and Inftruments, are thefe. We have large and deep Caves of feveral depths; the decpeft are funk Six hundred fathom, | “and fome of them are digged and made under great Hills and Mountains ; | <fothatif you reckon together the depth of the Hill, andthe depth of the | “Cave, they are (fomeof them) abovethree miles deep : For we finde that } “the depth of an Hill, and the depth of a Cave from the Flat; is the fame | | thing, both remote alike from the Sun and Heavens Beams, and fromthe | <open Air. Thefe Caves we call the Lower Region, and we ufethem for | ‘<all Coagulations, Indurations , Reftigerations., and Confervations of “< Bodies. Weufe them likewife for the Imitation of Natural Mines, and | “the producing alfo of new Artificial Metals, by Compofitions and Mate-
<<tials which we ufe and lay there for many years. Weufe them alfofome- “<<times (which may feem ftrange) for ene of fome Difeafes, and for pro- «longation of life in fome Hermits that chufe to live there, well accommo: | < dated of all things neceflary, andindeed live very long s by whom alfo we “earn many things. . z ; Sk “ We have Burials in feveral Earths, where we put divers Cements. } «as the Chinefes do their Porcellane; but we have them in greater variety <¢ and fome of them more fine. We alfo have great variety of Compofts |. « and Soils for the making of the Harth fruicful. hh _ « Wehave high Towers, the higheft about halfamile in height, and <fomé of them likewife fetupon high Mountains, fo that the vantage of the « Hill with the Tower, is in the higheft of them, three miles at leaft: And | «<thefe places we call the Upper Region, accounting the Air between the | high places, and the Low as a'Middle Region. _ We ule thefe Towers, | “according to their feveral heights and fituations, “fot Infolation, Refrige- << ration, Confervation, and for the view of divers Metcots, as Winds, Rain, | Snow, Hail, and fome of the Fiery Meteorsalfo. And upon them, in fome «places, are dwellings of Hermits, whom we vifit fometimes, and inftrudt | <« whatto obferve. | pbitg,* | | “ We have great Lakes, both falt and frefh, whereof we have ufe for the F.fh andFow!. Weute them alfo for Burials of fome Natural Bodies ; «for we findeadifferencein things buried in Earth, or in Air below the Earth, and thingsburied in Water. We havealfo Pools, of which fome do {train « Frefh Water outof Salt, and others by Art doturn Frefh Waterinto Salt. | < We have alfo fome Rocks inthe midft of the Sea, and fome Bays upon | «the Shore for fome Works, whercinis required the Airand Vapor of the 1 «Sea. Wehave likewife violent ftreams and cataracts, which ferve us for | “many Motions; and likewife Engins for multiplying and enforcing of ce Winds, to fet alfo ongoing divers Motions. c e
ob — pe ea agree ro »
New Atlantis:
‘We have alfoa number of artificial Wells and Fountains, made in| ‘imitation of the Natural Sources and Baths; as tin&ed upon Vitriol, Sul | phur, Steel; Brafs; Lead; Nirre; and othet Minerals. And again wehave} “little Wells for Infufions of many things, where the. Waters take che vires} “ tue quicker and better then in Veffels or Bafins: And amongftthem we have } ‘ea Water which weeall Water of Paradife, being by that we do to it, made } “ very fovereign for Health, and Prelongation of Life. | a | « We aifo great and (pacious Houfes, where we imitate and demon- | “ {trate Meteors; as Snow, Hai),Rain, fome Artificial Rains of Bodies, and . “not of Water, Thunders, Lightnings ; alfo Generations of Bodiesin Air, “as Frogs, Flies, and divers others, - Mee ‘© We have alfocertain Chambers which we eal! Chambers of Health, } “where we qualifie the Air, as we think good and proper forthe cure of di- “ vers Difeates, and prefervation of Health. “ We have alfo fair and large Baths of feveral mixtures, for the cure of | “Difeafes, and the reftoring of Mans Body from Arefa@ion ; andorhcr, fot | “the confirming of it infirength of Sinews, Virat Parts, and the very Juice } | “and Subftence of the Body, ae «We have alfo Jarge and vations Orchards and Gardens, wherein we | « donot fo much refpe& Beauty, as varicty of ground and foyl, proper for | <¢ divers Treesand Hetbs; and fome very fpacious, where Trees anc Berries } “are fer, whereof wemake divers kindesot Drinks, befides the Vineyards. } “In thefe we practife like wife ali conclufions of Grafting and Inoculating, as | cewellof Wild-trees as Fruit-trees, which produceth many efic&ts. And we «emake (by Art) in the fame Orchards and Gardens, Trees and Fiowers to} | «come earlier orlater then their feafons, and to come up and bear more | “ fpeedily then by ther natural courfe they do, We make them alfo (by Art) | «much greaterthentheir nature, and their Fruit grearer and dweeter, and of « differing tafte, {mel].coleur and figure from their nature 5 and many of them | ee we fo order, that they becomecf Medicinal ufe. 2 “VVe have alfo means to make divers Plants rife, by mixtures of} | “Earths without Seeds, and likewife to make civers new Plants diftering | ‘fromthe Vulgar, and tomake one Tree or Plant turn into anorer. sg « VVehave alfo Parks and Enclofures of all {forts of ieafts and Birds; | “which we ufe not only for view or rarenefs, but likewife for DifleGtions | “and Vryals, that thereby we may take light, what may be wrought upon | «the Body of Man, wherein we finde many ftrange effets ; as continuing * life inthem, though divers parts, which you account vital, be perifhed ‘cand taken forth; Refufcicating of fome that feem dead in appearance, | «andthe like. WVe try alfo all:poyfons and other medicines upon them, | «as wellof Chirurgery as Phyfick.. By Art likewife wemake them greater | « or taller then their kind is, and contrariwife dwarf them, and ftay their | | “growth: VVe make them more fruitful and béaring, then their kind | “is, and contrariwife barren, andinot generative. Alfo we make them | | « differin colour, fhape; activity, many ways. VVefinde means to make | “‘commixtures and copulations.of divers kinds, which have produced || «many new kinds, and them not barren, as the general opinionis. | VVe |“ make a number of kindes of Serpents, VVorms, Flies, Fifhes, of Putre- } ‘faction; whereof fome are advanced (in cficét) to be perfect Creatures, | “like Beafts or Birds, and have Sexes, and do propagate. . Neitherdowe © this by chance, but we know beforehand of what matter and commixture | | “what kind of thofe Creatures will atife. bi UTR | | |
} 4
fae 1 ‘
J se: L oe 3 (a ee gen
——————— SS eee
- 2, (aor ~ ren, eee Psi i yeley r Lae © “Ws - 7 : i ; , ff ' bi s r| 5 4 4 4
New Atlantis.
_ © Wehaveallo particular Pools where we make tryals upon Fifhes, éc aswe have faid before of Bealts and Birds.
er erm
« Worms.and Flies which are of {pecial ufe, fuch as are with you, your se Silk-wormsand Bees. , «J will not hold you long with recounting of our Brew-houfes, Bake-
} “houfesandKitchins, where are made divers Drinks, Breads, and Meats,
«sare and of {pecial cffe@s. Wines we have of Grapes, and Drinks of *< other Juice, of Fruits, of Grains, and of Roots; andof mixtures with « Honey, Sugar, Manna, and Fruits dried and deco@ed ; alfoofthe Tears *« or Woundings of Trees, andof the Pulp of Canes; andthefe Drinks are « of feveral Ages, fome totheage or laftof forty years. VVe have Drinks
| alfo brewed with feveral Herbs, and Roots, and Spices, yea, with feveral | “¢ Flefhes,and VVhite-meats; whereof fome of the Drinks are fuchias they | ‘¢ are in effet Meat and Drink both; fothat divers, efpecially in Age; do |
«‘ defire to live with them with little or no Meat or Bread. And aboveall, we « ftrive to have Drinks of extream thin parts, to infinuate into the Body, «and yet without all biting, fharpnels, or fretting ; infomuch, asfomeof « them putupon the back of your hand, will, with a little ftay,pafs through
‘© of feveral Grains, Roots and Kernels, yea, and fomeof Flefh and Fifh
«© without any other Meat, wholive very long. Sofor Meats, we have fome
| « of them fo beaten, and made tender and mortified, yet without all cor- | | “xuptifig, as a weak heat of the Stomach will turnthem into good Chylu, | 4 “as well as aftrong heat would meatotherwife prepared.. VVchave fome | «© Meats alfo, and Breads, and Drinks, whichtzkenby men,-enable them to |
‘« faft long after ; and forne other that ufed, make the very Flefh of Mens
‘€ otherwife it would be.
|“ quifit Diftillationsand Separations, and efpecially by gentle Heats, and « Percolations throughdivers Strainers, yea,and Subitances ; but alfo exa&
“Natural Simples. - sarge ak bp eit | | * VVe have alfo divers Mechanical Arts, which youhave not, and
| Stufts madebythem; asPapers, Linnen, Silks, Tiflues, dainty works of } “Feathers of wonderful luftre, excellent Dies,and many others; and Shops | | “likewife as well for fuch as are not brought into vulgar ufe among‘ us,
“as forthofethat are. For you muft know, that of the things before re-
¢g cited, many are grown into ufe throughout the Kingdom ; but yet, if | “ they did fow from our Inventions we have of them alfo for Patterns and
« Principals.
Cc. yl VV-
« We have alfo places for Breed and Generatioti of thofe Kinds of |
‘tothe palm; and yettafte milde to the mouth. VVe have alfo VVaters | « which we ripen in that fafhion as they become nourifhing ; fo thatthey |. | © areindeed excellent Drink, and many willufe noother. Breads we-have
| «dried, with divers kinds of Levenings and Seafonings;, fothat fome do | | © extreamly move Appetites ; fomedo nourith fo, as divers do live ofthem |
“Bodies {enfibly more hardand tough, and their ftrength far greater then |
_ ©WVehave Difpenfatories or Shops of Medicines, wherein you may | | « eafily think, if we have fuch variety of Plants and Living Creatures, more | -| “then you have in Earope, (for we know what you have) the Simplcs,Drugs, | |“ and Ingredients of Medicines, muft likewife be in fo much thegeater | |«‘ variety. VVe have them likewife of divers Ages, andlong Fermenta- | “tions. And for their Preparations, we have not onely all mannerof ex- |
“ Forms of Compolition, whereby they incorporate almoft as they were |
. = ™ . z I ST
7 < ei ls hr mad ll ae
ee et ee ne renee te ean et ee re
36 | _ New Ailantis. (Ses ee ena vrais sent} eee 3 i NS | @VVc havealfo Furnaces of great diverfities, aid that keep rear di- Y _| “verfityof heats, ferce and quick ftrong and conftant, loft and mildey )) | “blown, quictsdry, moift; and the like. But above all we have heats, in ¢ | “imitation of theSuns and Heavenly Bodies heats, that pafs divers Inequa- | “ lities, and (as it were) Orbs, Progrefles and Returns , whereby wemay ‘ produce admirable effects. Befides, we have heats of Dungs, andof Bel | ‘‘Jiesand Maws ef Living Creatures, andof their Bloods and Pédies; and | “of Haysand Herbs laid up moift’; of Lime unquenched, and fuch like, «Inftrumentsalfo which generate heat onely by motion; and further,places . “for firong Infolations; and again, places uncerthe Farth, which by Na- | «turcorArtyield Heat. Thefedivers heats we ufe,as the nature of the ope- |. « ration which weintend, requireth. | if at ie
“VVe have alfo Perfpective Houfes where wé make Demonftration | | “of ‘all Lights and Radiations, and of all Colours ; and out of things un- | | “coloured andtranfparent, we can reprefent unto you all feveral colours, | “notin Rainbows (as itis in Gems and Prifms) but of themfelvés fingle, | “ VVe reprefent alfo all Multiplications of Light. which We carry to great « diftance, and make fo fharp asto difcern {mall Pointtsand Lines ; alfo alk | “ colourations of Light, all dclufions anddeceits of the Sight. in Figures, ¢’ Magnitudes, Motions, Colours ; all demonftrations of Shadows. WVe | «finde alfo divers means yet unknown to you of producing of Light origi. | “nally from divers Bodies. VVe procure means of feeing objects afar off, | ‘asin the Heaven, and remote places; and reprcfent things nearas afaroff, | «and things afar off asnear, making feigned diftances. VVe have aHahelps «for the Sight, far above Spectacles and Glaffes in ufe. WVe have allo [ «Glaffes and Means to fee fmall and minute Bodies perfeétly and diftin@ly, | ‘€as the fhapes and colours of {mall Flies and VVorms, grairis and flaws’in | “Gems, whichcannototherwife be feen, obfervations in Urine and Blood, «not otherwife to be feen, WVe make Artificial Rainbows, Halo’s, and * Circles about Light. WVe reprefent allo all manner of Reflexions, Re- | “ fractions, and Multiplication of Vifual Beams of Obje@s.
« VVehave alfo Precious Stones of all kindes, many of them of great “beauty, and to you unknown ; Cryftals likewife, and Glaffes of divers “ kindes, and amongft them fome cf Metals vitrificated, and other Materi- “als, befide thofe of which you make Glafs: Alfo a number of Foffiles | “and imperfect Minerals,which youbave not; likewife Loadftones of pro- i “< digious virtue, and:other rare Stones, both Natural and Artificial. | il fk
“VVe have alfo Sound-houfes, where we'praife and demontftrate all | ~ “ Soundsand their Generation. We have Harmonies which you have not, | — «of Quarter-founds, and leffer Slides of Sounds 5 divers Inftruments of | « Moficklikewifeto you unknown, fome {weeter then any you have, with} — “ Bells and Rings that are d-inty and fweet. Wereprefent{mall Soundsas\ — “great anddeep, likewife great Sounds extenuate and fharp. .We make } _ “divers tremblings and warblings of Sounds, which in their original are | “entire. We reprefent and imitate all articulate Sounds and Letters, and | ; “the Voices and Notes of Beafts and Birds. VVe ave certain helps,which | « fet to the Ear, do further thehearing greatly. We have alfo divers ftrange } |
|
hi
. H
a ee
*
o “*y “and artificial Echo’s refle@ting the voice many times,and as it were tofi ng |
‘it ;- and fome that give back the voice louder then it came, fome fhriller, | ‘cand fome deeper, yea, fomerendring the voice differing in the Letters or | ‘articulate Sound from that they receive. We have all means to convey | «Sounds in Trunks and Pipes in ftrange lines and diftances. +), 08
or
etiam i
») We haveaifo Pertume-houfes, wherewith we joyn alfo practices of | 1 ® Tate ; we multiply Smells, which may feem {tranges we imitare Smells, | “making allSmells to breath out cf other mixtures then chole that give chem. 1“ Wemake divers imitations of Tafte likewile, forhat they will deceive any
| we makeall Sweet-meats, dry and moift, anddivers pieafint Wines; Milks, |<“ Broths, and Sallets, far in greater variety then you have.
New Atlantis. a
ry se Mans tafte. And inthis Houfe wecentain aif a Confi:ure-houfe: where |
we Ni } ae TT
“ Wehavealfo Engine- choufes, where are prepared Ergines and Inttru. j**ments for all forts of motions. There we imitate and praétife to make | < (wifter motions then any you have, either out of your Muskets or any En- | “gine that you haves and tomakethem, and multiply ¢ them more eafily,and |< withfmallforce, by wheels and other means; and-to make them ftronger | “and more violent then yours are, exceeding your grearcft Cannors and << Bafilisks. We reprefent alo Ordnance andInftruments of War, and En- ce gines of all kindes; and likewife new mixtures and compofitions of Gun- | * powder, Wildefires burning in Water and unquenchable; alfo Fireworks << of allvariety, both forpleafure andufe. We imitateaifo flightsof Birds ; «cwehave fome degtees of flying inthe Air 3 we have Ships and B oats for «going under Water, and brooking of Seas ; alfo Swimming-girdles and ce Supporters. We have divers curious Clocks, and other like motions of ‘eReturn, and fome perpetual motions. We imitate alfo motions of Living « Creatutes by Images of Men, Beatts, Birds, Fifhes, and Serpents; we have « alfoagreat number of other various motions, frange for quality, finencfs | <eand fubtilty. | < We havealfoa Mathematical. ies where arereprefented all Inftru- «ments, as well of Geometry as Aftronomy, exquifitely made.
< We have alfo Honfes of Deceits of the Senfes, where we reprefent <¢allmanner of featsof Jugling, falfe Apparitions, Impofturesand IIlufions, and their Fallacies. And furely, you will eafily believe that wethat have fo
<e particulars deceivethe Senfes, if we would difguife thofe things, and labor «to make them more miraculous: But we do hate all Impofluresand Lies << infomuch, as we have feverely forbidden ic to all our Fellows, under pain |< of Ignominy and Fines, that they do not fhew any natural work or thing, | adorned or fwelling, but onely pure as itis, and without all. affeGtacion of
<e ftrangenefs. “ Thefe are (my Son) the riches of So/omons Houle. “ For the feveral employments and officesof our Fellows 3 we have | < twelve that fail into Foreign Countreys under the names of other Nations, |< (for our Own weconceal) who bring us the Books, and Abftraéts, and Pat. | terns of Experiments of all other Parts, Thefe we call CVerchants of ‘| & Light. he We have three that colle€t the Experiments, which are inall Books. de « Thefe we call Depredators. | “* We have three that collea& the Experiments of all Mechanical Arts, : | and alfo of Liberal Sciences, and allo of Praétices which are not brought } “into Arts, Thefe wecall Myjtery-men. *s We have three that try new Experiments, (uch asi lcnvelics think i ie i BOOK. Thee wecall Pioncers or Miners. “ We have three that draw the Experiments of the former four into 4 “Titles and Tables, to give the better light for the drawing of Obfervations
1" and Axioms out ofthem. Thefe wecall Compilers, } | C2 We
eal
LU many thingstruly Natural, whichinduce admiration, couldina worldof |
ce Earth quakes, great Inundations, Comets, Temperatureof the Year, and {
By ee i EEE a
a ee eon tee ee
New Wah
cc Wehavethree that bend themfelves, looking into the Experiments | “of their Fellows, and caft about how todraw our of them things of ufe | “and practice for Mans life and know'edge, as well for Works, as for plait | | ‘ demonftration of Caufes, means of Natural Divinations, and the eafie } “and clear difcovery of the Virtues and Parts of Bodies. Thefe we call | ‘¢ Dowry-men or Benefactors. .
« Then aftec divers Meetings and Contults of our whole snuilagd to | “ confider of the former Labors andl ColleG@ions, we have three that take | «care out of them to direé& new Experiments of ahigher Light, more eae “trating into Naturethenthe former, Thefewecall Lamps.
«’VVe have three others that do execute the Experiment fodireéted, ‘and report them. Thefe we call Inoculators. \
“Laftlys VVebave three that raife the former Difcoveries by Experi- | ‘ ments into greater Obfervations, Axioms, and Aphorifms. Thefe we call < Torerpreters of Nature.
«© VVe have alfo; as you muft think, Novicesand Apprentices, that | «the fucecflion of the former employed Men do not fail ; befides ancnr al “© number of Servants and Attendants, Menand VVomen. Andthiswedo. “alfo, VVe have Confultations whichof the Inventions and Experiences, ' éc which we have difcovered fhallbe publifhed, and which not ; and take all < ar, Oath of Sccrecy forthe concealing of thofe which we think meet to keep | “fecret; though fome of thofe we do rey cal fometime to the State, and ‘cfome not.
“For our Ordinanees and nee ; we havetwo very long and fair Gal- | iF “Jeries. In one of thefe we place Patterns and Samples of all manner of the | “ more rare and excellent Inventions ; in the other we place the Statues of | “ all principal Inventors. There we have the Statue of your Colwmbw, that |
‘
“ gifcovered the Weft-Indies , alfo the Inventor of Ships » your Monk that : ce was the Inventor of Ordnance, and of Gun-powder; the Inventor of | «e Muficks the Inventor of Letters; the Inventor of Printing; the Inventor } <« of Obfervationsof Aftronomy ; the Inventor of Works in Metal; the | f < Inyentor of Glafs ; the Inventor of Silk of the Worm ; the Inventor of | «Wine; the Inventor of Corn and Bread; the Inventor of Sugars: And | ce all thefe by morecertain Tradition, then you have. Then we have divers | cc Inventors of our own of excellent Works, which fince you have notfeen, <i were tcolong tomake Defcriptions of them ; and befides, inthe right | <c anderflanding of thofe Defcriptions, you might eafily err. For upon every | << Invention of value we ere& a Statue to the Inventor, and give him a libe- 4 < raland honorable reward. Thefe Statues are fome of Brafs, fome of Marble } ccand Touch-ftone, (ome of Cedar, and other {pecial Woods gilt and adorns “ed, fome of Iron, fome of Silver, fome of Gold. M « Wehave certain Hymns and Services which we fay daily, of Land andi « and Thanks to God for his marvellous Works; and Forms of Prayers, im-{/ “ ploring his aid and bicfling for the Illumination of our Labors, and | << rurning them into good and holy ufes. i .©Laftly, We have Circuits or Vifits of divers principal Cities of ihe \ “Kingdom, where, asitcometh to pafs, we do publifh {uch new profitable] _ « Inventions, as wethinkgood. And wedo alfodeclare Natural Divinati-' “ onsof Difeafes, Plagues, Swarms of hurtful Creatures, Scarcity, Tempeft, '
« divers other things; and we givecoun(el woman whatthe People hal is do for the ies os and cece of ics ti tobtdbva ae
New Atlanty. 4
ee ee ‘And when he had faid this, he ftood up: AndI, asl had been taughr, | kneeled down, and-he laid his right hand upon my head, and {aid, “Cod | blef thee, my Son, and God blef this Relation which I have made: I givethtlesvern publifh is for the good of other Nations, for We here ave in Gods Bofome, 2 Land an | known. And fo heleftme, having afigned a value of about T wo thoufand } Ducats for a Bountyto me, and my Fellows ; for they give great largeffes where they come upon all occafions.
The reft was not perfected,
5 3 Inguaaiatnaind anand on | aN | WE ee
Magnal ia Nature precipue: quoad- | ufus Humanos. a
(‘Prolongation of Life. T __ |Reflitution of Youth in fome degree. e+ Retardationof eAve. Curing of Difeafes, counted I neurable, (Mitication of Pain. eMore eafie and lef, loathfome Purgings. (increafing of Strength and Aétivity. increafing of Ability, to fuffer T orture or Pain, ce altering of ( omplexions, and pore: and Leanne. :.
e — oO ‘ eaten Seepage eerie ~ Z oS Sra 5 TT ay pf ate ee RE ) 4 f - i : t -
| |
Thes The \ahering of Statures,
altering of Features.
increafing and exalting of the Intellectual Parts.
Verfion of Bodies into other Bodies,
eMaking of new Species.
Lranfplanting of one Species into another.
Lnftruments of Detruttion, as of War and Poyfon. ft
Exbilaration of the Spirits, and putting them in good di ioe ; jfition.
Force of the Imagination, either pan another ie or span i, the Body it felf. : BY
Time in Maturations, | Time in Clarifications, a
of cceleration of<Putrefattion, |
Decottion. |Germinaiion.
M aking rich era Les the Earth,
Ae er er er meee snemaenti em
: ieee New Ailartis
apr ions of the 2A ir, and and vaifing ine of Tempells.
yeat alteration, as in: i udnpetion; Emolkition, @c.
ous Subftances.
| Drawing of new Foods out of Subftances 1 not now in uje.
| Making new Lhreds for Apparel, and uew S buffs, {uch as are Paper, Glafs, CFC.
Natural Divinaiions.
Deceptions of the Senfes.
| Greater Pleafures of ihe Senfes.
jeAriificial ML inerals and Cements
i —_—_—_—_—_ nn
urning ( rude and W. atry Subftances into )yly and Ontlu- | |
mI - nine
2 * ’ { / F i \ ; be oe 7 L , ig ae, i f : ft + , ; = { 4 Sa ay Mirae ‘ 4 Nope ice € ig iy ‘ i TAEAORY Vie Gy ( | ‘ i ett rie 4 i ' i " 4 ‘ ge ete ‘ pow ed 7 \ ‘ | ' has ‘ 4! \- t ' -*% ' P % 4 1 4 ‘ i < I g Peeves y . ' - ' ‘ a i i i { ‘ () 2 1 i Sy Nes H a8 , { ; ' ‘ i oa ’ i \ ; L M3 ' ( 2 / a { \ ‘ ’ , any r ‘ 1 ‘ , Pe , « i ' re \ . = oe \ 3 ~ EX + Wy, ee r (a " 4 4‘ sd _ ® % { 1 , i) ist im . a ;. . Chas >| . Ale . : x ; ee = : 7 we oe A Ey * h . Tt y ‘ A Cee fs { ’ Se i ” a Bt Po ye , } 7 2 : rt / F ¢ , i i | ao J f { 7
i
:
1 S:T-O-R ¥
Century. f.
—y
:Jilg a Pit upon the Sea-fhore, fomewhat above the Sor, High-water Mark, and fink it as deep as the Low- ! water Mark ; And asthe Tide cometh in, itwill fll with Water, Frefh and Potable: Thisis common- ly pra@ifed upon the Coaft of Barbary, where other Frefh Water is wanting. And Cefar knew this well, when he was befieged in Alexandria ; forby digging
' O" FU te)
acs apt raaia ig UN E 5 Gelin a a I al ac, —- : ; . . : — - ‘ ane . , * Py VT) At .
va ous Works of the Enemies, which had tarned the | Sea-fands had Natural Springsof Frefh-water. But it is plain, that it is the And the Sea-water pafling or ftraining through the Sands, Jeavyeth the
ie Ds Experiments in Confort, touching the , Straining and} Pafing of Bo- |. dies one tharow another; which they call Per colation. Sea-water upon the Wells of Alexandria; and fo faved his Army, being : 1Saltnefs. ; 2 paffed through Earth ; through ten Veffels, one within another, and yet it | (by the relation of another) Salt-water drained through twenty Veffels, | made by theSca-fide ; and yet but in part, if icbetrue, that twenty Repeti- } Nature are, incommoncourle of Experiments, except they be led by great | difference betweena Paflage of Water through twenry fmall Veflels, and | | Secondly, there isa great difference between Earthand Sand ; for all Earth | befides, Earth dothnot ftrainthe Water fo finely as Sanddoth. But there i thatis, that m the Experiment of Tran(mifion of the Sea-water into the Pits, . = ’ oe "4 : - — ee E ,
of Pits in the Sea-fhore, he did fruftrate the labori-
then in Defperation. But Cefar miftook the caufe; for he thought that all Sea-water, becaufe the Pit filleth according to the Meafure of the Tide
I remember to have read, that Tryal hath been made of Salt-water
} hathnot loft his Saltnefs, asto become potable: Butthe fame Man faith, that
_ | hath become frefh. This Experiment feemeth to crofs that other of Pits,
» | tions do the effe&. But it is worth the note, how poortheImitations of
} Judgment, and fome good Light of Czxioms. For firft, there is no {mall
_ | through fuch adiftance, as between the Low-water and High-water Mark.
| hath in it akinje of Nitrous Salt, fromwhich, Sandis more free: And
jis atbird point, that I fufpe@ as much, or mere than the othertwo; and
| the Water rifeth ; butinthe Experiment of Tranfmifion of the Water,through
‘ the Veffels, it falleth: Now certainit is, meas Salter part of Water fence
Oath { Experiments fin Confort, touching Motion of Bodies upon their Preffuve,
et ear ER SE
falted throughout) goeth to the bottom. And therefore nomarvel if the | draining of Water by defcent, dothmake itfrefh: Befides; 1do fomewhat_
i Milk, and ftirring ic about, and then paffing it through a Woollen-bag, }
through them.
{weetnels of favor; for that alfo followeth, as wellas clearneis, when the) finer parts are fevered from the grofler. So it is found, thatthe feats-of |
_ dL round about the lip of the Glafs, preffing ic fomewhat hard ; and} after youhave drawn it fome few times about, it will make the Water frisk |
«Natural Hiftory ;
ownmotion. iw i one ae It feenreth Percolation or Tran{mifion (whichis commonly called £4 . ing) isa good Kinde of Separation , not oncly of thick from thin, and grofs | from fine, butof more fubtile Natures ; and vacieth according tothe Body, | through whiclrthe Tranfmifionis made. As if through a Woollen-bag, t liquor leaveththe fatnefs; if through Sand, the faltnefs, &e. \ i hey {peak ie fevering Wine from Water, pafling it through Ivy-wood, orthrough other } thelike porous body, but Non conftat. : eaws The Gum of Trees (which we feeto be commonly fhining andclear) | is but a fine pailage, or ftraining of the Juice of the Tree, throughthe | Wood andBark. And inlikemanner, Cornish Diamonds, and Rock Rubies,
(which are yet more refplendent than Gums) are the fine Exudations of |
| Stone. moe
Ariftotle giveth the caufe vainly, Why the Feathers of Birds are of more | lively colours than the Hairs of Beafts; for no Beafthath any fine Azure, or Carnation, or Green Hair. He faith it is, becaufe Birds aremore inthe Beams of the Sun than Beafts, butithatis manifeftly untrue ; for Cattleare | morein the Sun than Birds, thatlive commonly inthe Woods, or infome | Covert. Thetrue caufe is,that the excrementitious moifture of living Crea- | tures, which maketh as well the Feathers in Birds as the Hair in Bealts, pafs- | eth in Birds througha finer and more delicate Strainer,than itdoth in Beafts: For Feathers pafs through Quills, and Hair through Skin. ath The Clarifying of Liquors by Adhefion, is an inward Percolation, and is | effeGed, when fome cleaving Body is mixed and agitated withthe Liquors ; whereby the groffer part of the Liquor fticks to that cleaving Body; and fo} the finer parts are freed from the groffer. So the Aporhecaries clarifie theit | Syrups by Whites of Eggs, beaten withthe Juices which they would clarifie; | which whites of Eggs, gather all the dregs and grofler parts of the Juice to} them; and after the Syrup being fet onthe fire, the whites of Eggsthem-} felves harden, and aretaken forth. So Ippocraf is clarified by mixing with |
which they call Hippocrates Sleeve ; andthe cleaving Nature of the Milk,dray- { eth the Powder of the Spices, and groffer parts of the Liquor toit, and in} the paflage they ftickuponthe Woollen-bag. __ 4 ee The clarifying of Water, isan experiment tending to Health, befides | thepleafure ef the Eye, when Water isCryftaline. It iseffeéted by cafting | in, and placing Pebbles at the head of a Current, that the Water may ftrain |
itmay be Percolation doth not onely caufe clearnefs and{plendor, but |
men thathave much heat, andexercife much, and have clean Bodies and | fine Skins, do fmell fweet, as was faid of Alexander; and wefee comma ly, that Gums have feet odors. . er
} i
ee Ag
Ake a Glafs, and put Water into it, and wet yourfinger, and d
jg ; v8 Ghd wegen Te eee me I
‘OAR he 2 Clete a - ; . A Fi j / asian
dy
\
Century iy
| and fprinkle up ina fine Dew: This inftance doth excellently demonstrate | the force of Comprefion in a folid Body. For whenfoever a folid Body (as -| Wood, Stone, Metal, &c.) is ptedled, there is aninward tumult in the parts ‘| thereof, feeking todelivecthemfelves fromthe Compreflion: And this is the caufe of all Yiolent Motion. Wherein it is ftrange in the higheft degree, _} that this Motion hath-never been obferved, nor enquired; it being of all | Motions, the moft common, and the chief rootof all; Mechanical Operations. | | This Motion worketh in roundat firft, by way of Proof andSearch, which | way to deliver it felf, and then worketh in Progrefs, where it findeth the | deliverance eafieft. In Liquors this Motion is vifible ; for all Liquors ftruck- Wp, make round circles, and withal dath, butin Solids (whichbreaknot) it is ‘VW fubtile, as ix is invifible ; but neverthelefs bewrayeth it {elf by many |. | effets, asinthisinftancewhereot we {peak. Forthe Preffure of the Finger | furthered by the wetting (becaufe it fticketh fo much the better unto the Lip of the Glafs) afterfome continuance, putteth all the {mall parts of the | Glafsinto work, thatthey ftrike the Water tharply; trom which Pércufion, that fprinkling cometh. | : If you ftrike or pierce a Selid Body that is brittle, as Glafs or Sugar, it | breaketh not onely where the immediate force is, but breaketh all about | into fhivers and fitters ; the Motion upon the Preflure f{earching all ways, and breaking where it findeth the Body weaketft.
The Powder in Shot being dilated into fucha Flame, as endureth not. Compreflion, moveth likewife in round (the Flame being inthenature of a Liquid Body) fometimes recoyling, fometimes breaking the Peece, but generally difcharging the Bullet, becaufe there it findeth eaticft deliver-
ance.
_ This Motion upon Preffure, andthe Reciprocal thereof, which is Mo- tien upon Tenfure; weufe tocall (by onecommon name) Aforon of Liber- _|93 which is, when any Body being forced to a Presernasural Extent or Di-
| menfion, delivereth and reftoreth it {elf to the natural: As when a blown | Bladder (preffed) rifeth again ; or when Leather or Cloth tentured, {pring back. "Thefe two Motions (of which there be infinite inftances) we fhall handle in due place. . 3 : | This Motionupon Preflure is excellently alfo demonftrated in Sounds : As when one chimeth upon a Bell, ie foundeth ; but as foon as he Jayeth his aand vponit, the Sonndceafeth: And fo, thefound of a Virginal String, as | foonas the Quill of the Jack falleth fromit, toppeth. For thefe founds are | produced by the fubtile Percuffion of the Minute parts of the Bell or String upon the Air; All one, as the Water is caufed to leap by the fubtile Percufl- on of the Minute parts of the Glafs uponthe ater, whereof we {pake a lit- | tle before in the Ninth Experiment. For you muft not take it to be the local | fhaking of the Bell or String thardoth it. As we fhall fully declare when | we come hereafter to handle Sounds. " Ms
Io.
Il.
“EtAke a Gief with a Belly, and a long Neb, fill the Bely (in part) with Water: Takealfo another Glsf, whereinto putClaret Wine and Water mingled. Revyerfe the firft Glafs, with the Belly upwards, {topping the | Neb with your Finger; then dip the mouth of it within the fecond Glafs, -|and remove your Finger. Continue it in that pofture for atime, and it willunmingle the Wine from the Water; the Wineafcending and{etlingin | the top of the upper Glafs, and the Water defcending and fetling in the bottom of the lower Glafs. . The oer is apparent to the Eye ; for ‘A pte De -* aR you . iY
F4. Experiments in Confort, touching Se- parations of Bodies . by weighs. ;
et
a Hay coe ; ’
_ ms
3
Mo ee fe
Natural Hiftory ; you fhallfeethe Wine,as it were, Mer hh ababionie WA TEE _| For landfomneds fake '\¢ becaufe'the working requireth. fome fmall.t img) | “Jit were good yeu hang the upper G4fupon a Nail. But ‘as foon as there is gathered !o much pure andunmixed Water in the bottom of the ower Glaffy-as that the; Mouth of ithe upper Gla? dippeth into it, the Motion | ceafeth:, i ¢bosivios 20M bovicice : Joo oh ee .» vet the upper G/4f be Wine, and the lower Water; there followcta. no Motion at all. Lettheupper G/4be Water pure,the lower Water coloured, or-contrariwife-there followeth no Motion at all. Butit hath been try¢c that)though thé mixture of Wine and ‘Water, in the lower G/, be.thtee _parts Water, and butone Wine; yet itdothnot dead the Motion. This fg paration of Warerand Wincappeareth to bemade by weight 5 for i¢mult | be of Bodies of unequal weight, or elfe it worketh not ; and the heavier Body muftever'be inthe upper Gf, But thennote withal, that the water | being made penfible, and there beingagreat weight of Watetin the Belly “ of the Gla, fuftained by afmall Pillar of Water intheneck of the Glaf;\ it | is that which fetteth the Motion on work: For Waterand Winein one Glas, - withlong ftanding, will hardly fever.’ © soodidinoy Hee (This Experiment would be extended from mixtures of feveral Laquors | to Simple: Bodies, which confift of {eyeral fimiliar parts > Try, it therefore , with Broyz or Salt-vvater and Fresh-vvater, placing the Sa/Awvvater (which | isthe heavier) m the upper G4, and fee whetiierthe frefh, will come above. | Try it allo with Water thick Sugred, and pure Water.s..amd,fce whether | the Water which cometh above; will lofe his fw eetnefs:, For which. pur; : Pe it were good there were a little Cock made inthe Belly.of the upper ee Glaff. ” oone B
~
IS.
16.
17. Experiments —
ait ate t notiché ait] N Bodies containing: fixe Spirits, which do eafily diffipate when youmake | | infufions; the Rule is, A fhortftay of the Body inthe Liquor receiveth the | Spirit, and a longer {tay confoundeth, it ; becaufe it draweth forth the } | Earthy part withal, which embafeth the finer, And therefore it is an. Bes | ror in Phyfitiaws, toreft fimply upon the length of ftay for encreafing the | vertue. But if you will have the Z#fufon {trong, in thofe kinde of Bodies; | which have jive Spirits, your way is not to give longer time, but to repeat | the Zefufion of the Body oftner. | Take Féolets, and infufe agood Pugilof) themin a Quart of Vinegar, let them ftay three quarters.of anhour; and | take them forth, ‘and refrefh the, dzfufon with like quantity of new Violers | feven times, and it will make a Pinegar fo treth of the Flovver,as if a Twelve; ( moneth after it bebrought youina Saucer, you fhallimellit beforeit come | at you. Note, that it {melleth more perie@ly, of the Flowera good hile | after, then atfirft, ~~ | 3 ‘ot abide Thig Rule which we have given, is of fingular ufe for the preparations } of Atedicines, andother Infufions. As forexample, the Leaf of Burrage hath |~ an excellent Spirit, to reprefs the fuliginous vapor of Dusky Melancholy, | iand fo to cure Madnefs :.. But neverthelefs, if. the Leaf be infufed longyit | yeildeth forth but araw fubftance of'no vertue: Therefore I fuppofe, that if inthe Muft of Wine or Wort of Beer,while ith OolacthibeSeredttee. Th | the Barrage ftaya {malltime, and be often changed with frefh, it vvill make | a foveraign Drink for Azelancholy Pafions. And the like lconceive of Orduge } ae eR) 7 1A f a " ot Bab orl aie shia 19. | © Rabarbhath manifeftly in it Parts of contrary O erations ions: Parts that} | purge, and partsthat bth the Body; and she Grttlaycloafetsindtbela ‘ Bois | 7 . ‘ ied ne ony bance ean ea
‘ r 4 Lia vet
dicieus and Alccurate In- fufions, both ip Liquors,and Air.
af Century if
deeper ; So thatif youinfule Rubar) foranhour, andcrufhit well, it will purge better, and binde the Body lefs after the purging, than if it ftood Twenty ‘ourhours: Thisistried, butI conceive likewife, that by repeat- ; ing the Infufionof Kubarb, feveral times (as was faid of Violets). letting ‘th each ftay in but afmall time, you may make it as {trong aPurging Medi- | cine, as Scaimmony. And it is not afmall thing womin rMyfick, if you can | make Rubarb, and other Medicines that are Benedict, as {trong Purgers,as _ | thofe thar are not without fome maligiy PNR OC dsid Purging Medicines, for the moft pee , have their Purgative Vertue in afine _ | Spirit, as appeareth by that they indure not boiling, withoutmuch lofs of -| vertue. Andchereforeit is of good ufe in Phyfick,it yowcan retain the Pur- gingof Vertue, and takeaway the unpleafant tafte of the Purger; which | ‘itis like youmay do, by this coutfe of infufing oft with little ftay.. Forit is probable, that the horrible and odious tafteisinthegroflerpart. Generally, the working by Infufions is grols and blind, exceptyou firft | try the ifluing of thefeveral parts of the Body, which of them iffue more } fpeedily, and w hich more flowly ; and fo by apportioning thetime, can | take and leave that quality which yéudefire. Thistoknow, thérebe two ways; the one totry whatlong ftay, and whatfbort ftay worketh, as hath | been faid ; theother totry, in order, thefucceeding Infufions, of one and | the fame Body, fucceflively, in feveral Liquors. As: for example,: ‘Take | Oraage-Pills, or Rofeniary, or Cinnamon, or what you will; and let them in- | fafe half an hour in Water; then takethemout, and infufe them again in | other Water; and fothe third time; and then tafte and: confider the firft Water, the fecond, and thethird, and you will finde them differing, notone- lyin fireagthand weaknefs, but oticrwifeintatte, orodor ; for itmay be | the firft W ater willhavemore of the fent,as more fragrant; and the fecond | more of thetafte, as more bitter orbiting; &c. 8 ior ait Tnfafions in Air (for fo we may call Odors) have thefame diverfities with | Infafions in Water 5 in that the feveral Odors (waicliare in one Flower; or {other Body) iffue at feveraltimes, tome earlier, fome later: So'we finde, | that Vivlers, FVoodbines, Strawberries, yield a pleafing fent, that cometh forth | |) firft ; but foonafter an ill fent quite differing from the former.».Whichvis |. | eee not fo much by mellowing, as by the late ifluing of the grofler 7 irit. Me quipoll tld 236 si. Dodoiw aistro>'orsy z : As we may defire to extrac the fineft Spirits infome cafes; fo.we'may +| defirealfo'to difcharge them (as hurtful) in fome other. So Wine: burnuby | reafonof the evaporating of the finer’Spirit, inflamethlefs, and isbett in| ° Agues : Opium lecfeth fome of his posfonous quality, if itbe vaporedvout, mingled with Spirit of Wine; orthe like!: » Seam leefeth fomewhat-ofvhis } windinels b. decoding; and (generally) fubtile or windy Spiritsare taken | off by Incenfion, or Evaporation, And even in Infufions in things that are of toohighaipirit, you.were better pour off the firft Infufion, afterai{mall time, and ufe the latter. + foil rh
et 4 *
4
202.
hee
22.
24- Experiment | Solitary touching the Apperise of Continsation
in Liquids.
Rea arein the formof an Hemifphere; ir within,and a little Skin
B39 of Water without : And it feemeth fomewhat ftrange, that the Air
fhould rife fofwiftly, while it isin the Water, and when it cometh to the
top; fhould be ftaid by fo weak acover, as that of theBubbleis. But-as
for the {wiftafcentof the ~Air, while it is under the Water, that isa otion of Percuffion from the Water, which it felf defcending, driveth
»P the «ir; and no motion of Leviry:in the Air. “And this Democritus ad B
called
aK
4 Experiment
26. Experriment Solitary,
; Vv enomous quality of Mans Flefh. €
1) ope Experiment: cen touching! thes Fa Arun Tranfauraric on of SEF ine | to Water.
‘| called Mots Plage. In this common Experiment, the: caufe of the enclofut
ee
—- ee 5” _ , — ee e
Natural Hiflory,
of the Bubble isfor that the Appetite to refift Separation, or Difcontinu-| | ance: (which in folid Bodies is ftrong) is alfo in Liquors, though fainter and
| weaker : As wefee in this of the Bubble; we fee italfo in little Glafles ¢ f ki Spittle that Children make of Rufhes ; and in Caftles of Bubbles, w hich | they make by blowing into Water, having» obtained a little degreeiof} - | Tenacity by Mixture of Soap: We fee it alfo in the Stillicides.of Waser, | which, if there be Water enough to follow, will draw themfelves into al] | {mall Thred; becaufe they will difcontinue ; | but if there.be no remedy, | then they caft themfelves into round Drops; which is the Figure, that) 4 faveth the Body moft from Difcontinuance: The famereafon is of the|| i Roundnefs of the Babble, as wellfor the Skin of Water, as forthe Airwith-| | in: For the 47 likewife avoideth Difcontinuance'; and thereforercafteth it | — felfinto a round Figure. And for the ftop: and ‘arreft of the 4iralittle|| — | while, it fheweth, that: the —/ir of it {elf hath little, or no Appetite of a Afcending. 7 | “di Jo oni bvay
ly bene baa He Rejection, which I continually ule, sof Experimems (though reid 3 peareth not) is infinite ; but yet if an Experiment be: probable in the | Work, and of great ufe, I receiveit, but deliverit'as doubtful. It was) reported: by afober man, thatan /rtificial Spring may be made thus: Finde | — | out ahanging Ground, where there is a good quick Fall of Rain-water. Lay | | a Half-Troughof Stonc, of agoodlength, three or four foot deep with- | _in:thefame Ground; with one end upon the high Ground; the other upon | — | thelow:: Cover the Trough with Brakesagood thicknefs, and caft Sand | — upomthe top of the Brakes: You fhall fee (faith he) that afterfome fhowres | are pat, the lower end of the Trough willbelikea Spring of Water; which| . is no marvel, if ithold, while the Rain-waterilafteth; but he faid it would | ~ | continue long time after the Rain is paft : As if the Water did multiply it | felf upon the Air, by the help of the Coldnefs:and Condenfation of the | — | Earth, and the Confort of the firft Water. 9.) - a oulli tus od30h @ WHe French: (which put off thename of the French: Difeafes unto the nafidat ‘4 To the Difeafe of: Naples) doreport, Thai atthe fiegeof Naples, there | were'certain wicked Merchants that barrelled up Mans Flesh (of fomethat | Jvad been lately flain'in Barbary) and fold it: for Tanney ;> andthat, ‘upon | * that foul'and high Nourifhment, was the Original of that Difeafe. Which }.
may well be; For chat itis certain, that the Canibals, in the VWVeft-Indies, ea Mans Flesh; andthe VV eft- indies were full of the Pox when they were firkt }
| difcovered ; And at thisday the Mortaleft poyfons,, pra@ifed by the 7ref-Tmdis}
‘ans, havefome mixture of the Blood, or Fat;or Flefhof Mant And divers}
Witches, and: Sorcereffes, as well amoneft the Heathen, aolamonpéiitiie ft | Cbriftians, have fed upon Mans fleth; tocaid (as it feemeth) their Imaginationg | with hich and foul Vapors. Pa set seclont shee ae
| etactnat thac there be thefeways (in likelihood)-of Verfion of Vapors |, | or 24 ir, into: Walter and Moifbures> The firffiis Cold, which doth manie | tefthy Condenfes sasi we. fee in the contra@ing of! the ir inthe Weatl Glafs;‘\ wherebycit is adegree nearerto Water. We fee itialf inthe: ration of Springs; whichthex Ancienssithought (very probably) to bema the Ferfion of dix into VFarer, holpem-by the: Ref,: whichthow4ir hathi¢n4) thofeparts, whereby it cannor-diflipate. And by the coldnels of Rocks fot|) DOMED og iain ht bm sf Ce Wee, |
ee nT
pi Bs - a oS ae f Tee a ” » “ee tg aE : ‘ Y yi | or : ) | “Century [..
there S‘prings are chicfly generated. ‘Wefecit alfo in the Effects of che Cold || of the Middie Region (as they callit) of the 4ir; which produceth Deéws {and Rains, And the Experiment of turning Water into Ice, by Snow, Ni- tre, and Salt (whereof we fhall {peak hereafter) would be transferred'to the turning of Air into Water. The fecond way is by Comprefion ; as in Stilla- f tories, » here the Vapor is turned back, upon it felf, by the Encounter of | | the Sides of the Stillatory; and inthe Dew upon the Covers of Boiling Pots ; \}andin the Dew towards fain, upon Marble, and /Vain(cor. But this is liketo ‘do no great effe&; except itbe upon Vapors, and grofs Air, that areal- | ready very near,in Degree to Water. © fhethird is that, which may be | | fearched into, but doth not yet appear ;_ whichis, by Minglingof moitt Vapors with Air; and trying if they will not bring a Return ofmore Wa- ter, than the Water was at firft: For if fo, That Increafe isa Verfion of the | Air; Therefore put VVater into the bottom of a Stillatory, with the Neb | flopped; weightheVVaterfirft; hang inthe Middle of the stilary a large | Spunge ; and fee what quantity of VVater you can crufh butof it; and what: itis, more, Or lefs, compared with the VVater {pent;: for you mutt under- ftand, that if any Verfion can be wrought, it will be eafilydone infmall | Pores: Andthatis the reafon why we prefetibe a Spunge. © The fourth way ) is probable alfo, though not appearing ; which is, by receiving the /irinto |) the {mail Pores of Bodies; For (as hath been faid) everything in {mall quan- _ | tityis more eafie for Verfion; and Tangible Bodies have no plealureinthe | confort of Air, but endeavor tofuba@ it intoa more Denfe Body: But in Entire Bodies it is checked; becaufe, if the Air fhould Condenfe, there is no- } thing tofucceed: Therefore itmuft bein loofe Bodies, as Sand, and Pow- } . der, which we fee;if they lie clofe. of themfelves gather Moifture. ©
~
28.
Experiment Solitary, touching the} Helps ta- watds the Beauty and good Features of Perfonse
As is reported by fore of the Anciests, That Whelps,or other Creatures, ‘Rif they beput young into {uch a Cage, or Box, as they cannot rife totheir | Stature, but may increafe in breadth or length, will grow accordingly,’ as | they can getroom; which, if it be true, and feafible,: and that the young _ | Creature lo prefled,and ftreightned, doth not thereupondie ; it isa means to oduce Dwarf Creatures, and in avery {trange Figure. — This is certain, | and noted long fince, Thatthe Preflure,'ot Forming'of Parts of Creatures, ‘when they are véry young, doth alter the {hape not a little: As the ftroak- inge’ the Heads of Infants, between'the Hands, was noted of old, to make
Yacrocephali; which fhape of the Head, ‘at that time, was efteemed. And “the raifing gently of the Bridge of the Nofe, doth’prevent the Deformity ‘of 2Saddle Nofe. Which obfervation well weighed, may teach ameans, |) te’make the Perfons of Men and Women, ‘in many kindes, morecomely | | |Pand’better featured, tharotherwife they would bes by the Forming and |
, Re he thet in their Infancy: 'As'by Stroaking up the Calves of the | ‘Legs, to keép them from falling down'too'low; and-by Stroaking up the | Forehead, to keep thtm from being low Porehéaded. ‘And itis a common |
‘|| practice to fvathe Infants’, thatthey may'grow more (traight, and better} 29. it fhaped; and we fee young Women, by wearing ftraight Bodies,keep them- | Experiments : ee: ie ies : ‘ Solitary,
fly cs from being Grofs and Corpulent. ° touching the LIB its : “a ; he + Dot jo | Conden/ing of PIA Nions, As they hang, will many of ‘them fhoot forth; and fo will Penny- ASD royal; and fo willan Herb called Orpin; withwhich they ufe, in the Countrey , ‘to trim their Houfcs , binding it to a Lath,: or Stick, and fetting itagainft'a Wall. VVe fee itlikewife; more efpecially, in the greater p ris yl au et. ___ Semper-
fort as ic may put on {
Weight, and
yield Nowrifh- ment.
eae — ams
Atir in fuchf
a) Natural Fiftory ; : af Semper-vive, which will putout Branches, two or three years: But itis true, | that commonly they wrapthe Root ina cloth befmeared with Oyl ; and} | renew it once in a half year. The like is reported by fome of the An-] cients of the ftalks of Lillies. The caufe is, for that thefe Plants have al | ftrong denfe, and fucculent moifture, which isnotaptto exhale ; and fo} | is able, from the oldftore, without drawing help fromthe Earth, to fuffice | the fprouting of the Plan: : And this fprouting is chiefly in the late Spring,| | or early Summer ; which are the times of putting forth. We {ce alfo,} that ftumps of Trees, lying out of the Ground, will put forth Sproutsto atime. But it is a noble tryal, and of very great confequence, to try} | whether thefe things, in the fprouting, doencreafe weight ; which muft be} tryed, by weighing them before they be hanged up ; and afterwards again, | whenthey are fprouted. For ifithey increafe not in weight, then it is no| ~ more but this, Thatwhat they fend forthin the fprout, they leefe in fome } other part; but if they gather weight, then it is Wagnale Nature: Forit fheweth, that ~4é may be made fo to becondenfed, asto beconverted in- | toadenfe Body; whereasthe race and period of ‘all things, here above the | — | Earth, isto extenuate and curn things to be more pneumatical, and rare; } | and not to be retrograde, from pneumatical to that which isdenfe. | It thewethalfo, that 4r can nourifh ; which is another great matter of con-| — fequence. Note, that to try this, the Experiment of the Semper-vive, muft be made without oyling the cloth; for elfe, itmay be, the Plant receiveth} —
ce
nourifhment from the Oyl,
7 Wap? t
Fe and Air do notmingle, except itbe in an inftant; or inthe Vital,|
en Spirits of vegetables, and living Creatures. In Gunpowder, the force of 7 Solitary, it hath been afcribed to rarefaction of the earthly fubftance into Flame.| pidge ne And thus far itistrue; and then (forfoorth) it isbecome another Element; | — Flame and | theform: whereof occupicthmore place; and fo, of Neceflity, followeth | —
Air, 2nd the great force thereof.
a Dilatation: And therefore, left two Bodies fhould be in one place, there mutt needs alfo follow an Expulfion of the Pellet, or blowing up of the Minc.. But thefeare crude and ignorant {peculations: For Flame, if there were nothingelfe, exceptt were in a very great quantity, willbe | fuftocate withany hard body, fuch asa Pellet is, orthe Bariclof aGun; | fo as the flame would not expeljthe hard body , but the hard body would kill | é the flame, and notfufter it to kindle, or {pred. But thecaufeof thisfo po-| ~
tent a motion is the Nitre (which we call otherwife Salt-/erer) which} | having in ita notablecrude andwindy Spirit, firft by the heat of the Fir . fuddenly dilateth it felf ; (and we know that fimple Air, being preterna-| turally attenuated by heat, willmake it{elf room, and break, and blow) } up that which refifteth it.) And fecondly, when the Nitre hathdilated it} — felf, itbloweth abroad the flame asaninw ard Bellows. And therefore we|} fee that Brimftone, Pitch , € ampbire, Wildfire, and divers other inflamat matters; though they burn cruelly, and are hard to quench, yet they. no fuch fiery wind, as Gunpowder doth: And onthe other fice, wele Quick-filver (whichis a moft crude and watry Body) heated, and pe hath the like force with Gunpowder... As for living Creatures. it is cer their Viral Spirits are a fubftance compounded of an airy and flamy n ter; andthough Airand Flame, being free, vill not well mingle bound in by a Body that hath fome fixing,they will. For that you may be | in thofe two Bodies (which are their Aliments) Water and Oyl;
likewife will not well mingle of themfelves, but in the Bodies
Ve : 3
rrr ne ae 3 pn ee > 2 o err
ji and Living Creatures, they will. Itisno marvel therefore, that a {mall Qyan-
Spirits, inthe Cells of the Brain, and Canals of the Sinews,are able .
§. LO Tt, r | roses whole Bedy (which is of fo great mafs) both with fo great force,
[asin Wreftling, Leaping; and with fogreat {wiftnefs, asin playing Divifi- | } onuponthe Late: Suchis the force of thefe two Warures, Air and Flame
eial ey fee ee ron ‘ | when they incorporate, ©’ ro a Ae kes “
SRSHISIUR IST 95
& ~ 5° 52) i S S- = oY oe ry oo. Q. ro gf. tS = ae Tas -4 re ; =)
- GW - Oo. 4 oO” 5 a a
er . o.. ey lori =
a i) [e} ~s a | en =. o.- Br = a
= |
| wwife i¢ would have been, and appear in figure Globular, and not in Pyrame. You fhall fec alfo, thatthe inward flame of the Candle keepethcolour, and
os 4
Xe cf ia Ak ae : a : WF dgie greater the flame is atthe bottom,the higher istherife. . ‘The other, | that Fla
|twixt Cénfiffing Bodies. It appeareth alfo, that the form of a Pyramis in | Flamé, which we ufually fee, is meerly by accident, andthat the Airabout, | by quenching the fides of the Flame, ¢rufheth it, and extenuateth it into {that form} for of it felf, it would'be found: And’therefore Smoak is in | the figureof a Pyrams reverfed ; for the Air quencheth the Flame, ‘and re- jceiveththeSmoak. Note’alfo, thacthe flame of the Candle, within the
| upwards,» but moveth waving, and to'andfro: As if Flameof’ hisown Na- | ture (if it were not quenched) would roul and turn’as well as move up- q ares. By allwhich it fhould feem, that the Cele/fal Bodies (moftof them) are true Fires or Flames, as the Szozcks held ; more fine (perhaps) and rari- fied, than our flameis. For they areall Globular and Derernate, they have Rotation, andthey havethe.colour and fplendor of Flame: So that Flame | above, is durable and confiftent, and inhis natural place; but with us, it is, a ftranger, and momientany and impure, like V#/eam that halted with his
Teas eZ a ro . . ~¥ . a o3 fi OO . .
‘Ake an Arrovy, and hold it in Flame for the {pace of ten Pulfes; and * when it cometh forth, you fhall finde thofe parts of the Arrow which
7 stab SUT bei ot 1 + oles b Kia's ore, that He. OFFS is not violentor furious, but whereitis checked and
ould eb rt up ;, they anfiver, that the pure Elemental Fires inhis own
¢, and lotircitate, is but of a moderate heat.
woe 2] - , : P It a
| flameof the Spirit of Wine,is troubled; ‘anddoth not onely open and move |
31. Experiment Solitary, touching the Secret Nature of Flame.
Se Experiment © Solitary. touching the : Different force of Flameinthe midfi, andon
the fides.
et ee ‘| ae Pie 1
— Ti
Ary)
; j " J OWS A Pe a T isaflirmed conftantly by many, as an ufual Experiment, T hata lu np ol Experiment eo in thebettom of a Mine, will betumbled and ftirred bytwo de ns | sae the | ftrength; which if you bring it to the top ‘of the Earth, will.ask fix Aens Decreafe of he | ftrength atthe leaft to ftir it. Itis anoble inflance, and is fit to be tryed t
ae ewe the full: For itisvery probable, that the Aforion of Gravity worketh weakly, | $5978 0 yaus- Be iG ie Ey yee
|‘) in greae | both far fromthe Earth, and alfo within the Earth; The former, becaufe the | diflance from | appetite of Union of Denfe Bodies with the Earth, in refpe& of thediftance | elias fe "is more dull. The latter; becaufe the Body hath in part attained apie
depth of he | whenit isfome depth in the Earth. For as forthe moving toa pointor place |
Barth. (which was the opinion of the Ansients) it isa meer vanity. ie 34: T is ftrange, how the _ Antients took up Experiments upon credit, and et did | Eepenen build great Mattersupon them. The obferyation of fome of tlie belt of |
sathitthe them, delivered confidently, is, That a Veflel filled with 4/kes, will receive | |
Contraction of | the like quantity of Water,that it would have done if it hadbeen empty-But bodies in bulky beve rom Sint , Senge by she mirnge, this is utterly untrue, for the Water will not go in by a fifth pare; and Ifup- of she mre | pote, that that fifthpart isthe difference of thelying clofe, oropen of the | Liquid Body, Afhes; as we fec, thar Athes alone, if they behard prefled, will lie in lefs |. with the more ; : : : ; te A Solid, room ; and fo the Afhes with Air between, lic loofer, and with Water clofer. For Ihave not yet found certainly, that the Water it felt by mix- | |‘ turc of Afhes or Duft, will fhrink or draw into lefs room. a °
. i Be
35. T is reported of credit, That if you lay good ftoreof-Kernels of Grapes | Experiment as the Root of 2 Vine, ic will make the Vine come earlier, and profper | Solitary’ ne | better. Itmay be tried with other Kernels, laid about the Root of a ‘Plane of |
| staking ines| the famekinde ; as Figs; Kernels of Apples, @c. Thecaufemaybe, fortharthe | © more frnitfol. | Kernels draw out of the Earth Juice fit tonourith the Tree, asthofe that] would be Trees of themfelves, though there were no Root; butthe Root | —
being of greater ftrength, robbeth and devoureth the nourifhment, when | —
cy havedrawnit; asgreat Fifhesdevour little. airy
36. He operation of Purging Medicines, and the caufes thereof; have been}
.| Experiments thoughttobea great Secret; and fo according to the flothful manner | — Lora of Men, it is referred to a Hidden Propriety, a Specifical Vertue, and a Fourth | Purging Me- | Quality, and the like fhifts of Ignorance. The Caufes of Purging, are} .
rvielg divers, Allplain and perfpicuous, andthroughly maintained by experience. | The firftis, That whatfoever cannot be over¢ome and digefted by the} Stomack, is by the Stomack, either put up by Fomit, or putdown to thie | Guts ; and by that Motion of Expulfion in the Stomack and Guts, other | © Parts of the Body (asthe Oriftces of the Veins, andthe like) are moyed to €x-| pel byConfent: For nothing ismore frequent then Afosion of Confens inthe | Body of Man. This Surcharge of the Stomack, is caufed either by the | Quality of the Medicine, or by the Quantity. ‘he Qualities arethree, } Extream Bitter, as in Aloes, Coloquintida, cs. Loathfome, and of horrible tafte as in CA garik, Black Hellebore; @c. And of fecrer Malignity, and di! ore ment towards (Wans Body, many tim@st*not appearing much in th as in Scammony, (Machoacham, Antimony, oc. And note well, that i be any Medicine that Purgeth, and hath neither of the firft two © “Qualities , isto beheld fufpeded asa kinde of Poyfon ; Forthat it wor either by Corrofion, or by a fecrer Malignity, and Enmisy to Nature 3 | therefore fuch Medicines are warily to be prepared ani ufed. ‘The of that which is taken, doth alfo caufe Purging , aswe fec in as { er
| tity of new Milk from the Cow, yea, and agreat quantity o v ie sie ost, un snaitnaoanemenaaiaaanl fil nels
pated SE] . . wait elif. ait hie “se. OE
fe < A ie sues
| Sufeiss many times turnto Purges, both upwards anddownwards. There- fore we {ce generally, that the working of Purging Medicines cometh two orthree hours afterthe Medicines taken : For that the Stomack firft maketh a proof, whetherit can concoé them. And thelike happeneth after Surfeits, { or Milkin too great quantity. aher otlt f
A fecond caufe is CMordication of the Orifices of the Parts, efpecially of the -AMefentery Veins; asit isfeen, that Salt, or any fuch thing that is {harp and biting, put into the Fundament, dothproveke ihe parttoexpel, and Mufiard provoketh fneezing ; and any tharp thing to the eyesprovoketh tears. And therefore wefee, thatalmoft all Purgers have akinde'of-.ewitching and vel- | lication, befides the gripine whichcomethof wind. \Andif this <W/ordi- cation be in an over-high degree, it is little better than the Corofion of Payfons and it. cometh to pafs fometimes in Antimony , efpecially if it be given to Bodies not repleat with humors ; for where humors abound, the humors
fave the parts. .
The third caufe is Attrattion: ForIdonotdeny, but that Purging Aze- dicines havein them a dired force of Attrattion ; as Drawing Plaifters have in Surgery: And we fee Sage, or Bittony bruiled, SneeXing-powder, and other Pow- ders OF Liquors (Woich the Phyfitians call Errbines) put into the Nofe, draw | Flegmand Water from the Head ; and {o it isin Apophlegmati(ms and Gar- | _} garifms that draw the Rheume downby the Palat. And by this vestue, no | doubt, fume Purgers draw more one humor, and fome another, according to the opinion received: As RubarbdrawethCholer, Sean Melancholy, Aga- | rack Flegm, &c. butyet (more orlefs) they draw promiicuoufly. And note } alfo, that befides Sympathy betweenthe Purger and the Humor, there is alfo }another caufe, why fome. Medicines draw fome humor more thananother; and itis, forthatfome (Wedicines work quicker than others ; and they that | daw quick, draw onelythelighter, and mote fluidhumers; they thatdraw |flow, work upen the more tough, and vifcuoushumors. And therefore, | men muft beware how they take Rubarb, and thelike, alone, familiarly; for. it taketh onelythe lighteft part of the humor away, and leaveth the Mafs of Humors ntore obftinate. Andthe like may, befaidof Worm-wood, which |. is fo much magnited.
The fourth caufe is Fiatnofity: For wind ftirred, movethto expel; and we finde that (ineftect) all Purgershaveinthem a raw Spirit or Wind, which isthe principal caufe of orton in the Stomack and Belly. And therefore Purgers leefe (moftof them) rhevirtue, by decoétion uponthe fire ; and for | that caufe are chiefly given in Infufion, Juyce, or Powder. | ‘The fifth caufe is Comprefion or ¢ rufhing: Aswhen Water is crufhed out of a Spunge: So we fee that taking cold moveth loofnefs by contra@ion of the Skin, andoutward parts; and fodoth Coldlikewife caufe Rheums and DefluG@tions fromthe Head, and fome AJtringent Plaiflers crufh out pu- Arulent Matter. This kinde of operation is nat found inmany Medicines: | | Mirabolanes have it, and it may be the Barks of peaches; for this vertue re- | quircth an Afridion, but fuch an Affridion, as is not grateful to the Body | (for a pleafing Aftridion doth rather binde in the humors, than. ex- | pel them:) And therefore fuch Afriftion is found in things of an harrifh | tafte
37°
8.
39:
40;
-‘ The fixthcaufe is Lubrefaction and Relaxation: As we fec in Medicines Emollient, {uch as are (Milk, Honey, Mallows, Lettuce, Mercurial, Pellitery of the Wall, and others. Theres alfo afecret yertue of Relaxation of Cold; tor the heat of the Body bindeth the Parts and Humors together, shi
old
= ,
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ons. 3H Experiments in Confort, touching | Afeats and | Drinks chat | ave moft now- | rifhings
| finde alfo, that Scorch Skinck (which is a Pottage of ftrong nourifhr
"¥f.ener i
uret
The caufe is, forthat Rabarb is a Medicine, which the Stomack in a fall} uantity doth digeft, and overcome (being not Flatuous nor Loathfome;) } and fo fendeth it tothe Mefentery Veins; and{o being opening, it helpeth down | Urine: But in agreater quantity, the Stomack cannot overcome it, and | fo it goeth tothe Guts. Pepper, by fome of the Ancients, isnoted tobe of the | fecondfort; which being in fmall quantity, moveth wind in the Stomack | or Guts, and foexpelled by Stool; but being in greater quantity, diffipatech | the wind, and it felf getteth to the Mefentery Veins, and foto the Liver andj Reins ; where, by Heating and Opening, it fendeth down Urine more | plentifully. oO te! Op eS
E have fpoken of Evacwating of the Body, we will now {peak fome-|_
thing of the filling of it by Reftoratives in ‘Confumptions and Emaciating | Difeafes. In Vetegables, there is one part that is morenourifhing than |” another ; as Grains and Roots nourifh more than the Leaves, infomuch as | the Order of the Foliatans was put down by the Pope, as finding Leaves un- }. able to nourifh Mans Body. Whether there be that difference in the | Fleth of Living Creatures, is not well enquired ; as whether Livers, and | other Enrrails, be not more nourifhing than the outward Flefh. Wefinde F that amonglt the Romans, a Goofes Liver was agreat delicacy ; infomuch, | as they had artificial means to make it fair, and great ; but whetherit were | more nourifhing, appeareth not. It is certain, that (Warrow is more nourifhing than Far. And I conceive, that fome deco@ion of Bon Sinews, {tamped and well ftrained, would be a very nourifhing Brotk
2
{made with the Knees and Sinews of Beef, butlong boiled: ‘ely alfo, which they ufe for aReftorative, is chiefly made of Knuckles of Veal. ‘The Pulp; 4 ‘thatis. within the Crafifh or Grab, which they {pice and butter, is more i nourifhing then the flefh of the Crab, or Crafith. The Yolks of Eggs ate {clearly more nourifhing than the Whites. So thar it fhould {eem, that the {pacts of Living Creamres that lic more inwards, neurifh more than the out- “| ward flefh ; except it be the Brain, which the Spirits prey too muchupen, to | leaveitany great vertue of nourifhing. It feemeth forthe nourifhing of aged Men, or Men in Confumptions, fome fuch thing fhould be deviled, as fhould be half Chylu, before it be put into the ftomach. !
Take twolarge Capons, perboilthem upon a foft fire, by the fpace of an houror more, till in effect all the Blood be gone. Add in the decodtion | the Pill of a Sweet-Lemmon, or agood part of the Pill of a Citron, and a ‘| dittle Mace. Cugoff the Shanks, andthrow them away; then with agood | ftrong Chopping-knife, mince the two Capons, Bones and all, as {mail as ordinary minced Meat; put them into a largeneatBoulter, then take a Kil- derkin, {weet, and well-feafoned, of four Gallons of Beer of Eight fhillings ftrength, new asit cometh fromthe T'unning; make in theKilderkin a great Bung-hole of purpofe, then thruft intoit, the Boulter (inwhich the Capons ‘} are) drawn ourinlength ; let it fteep in ic three daysand three nights, the “Bung-hole open to work, thenclofe the Bung hole, andfo let it continue a day and ahalf, then draw it into Bottles, and you may drink ic well after threedays Bottling, and it willlaft fix weeks (approved). It drinketh frefh, | flowreth, and mantleth exceedingly, it drinketh not newifh at all, it is an | excellent drink fora Confumption to bedrunk cither alone, or carded with ; fome other Beer. It quencheth thirft, and hathno whit of windine/s. Note, | that itis not poflible, ‘that Meat and Bread, either in Broths, or taken with | Drink, as is ufed, fhould get forth into the Veins, and outward Parts, fo finely, and eafily, as when it is thus incorporate, and made almoft a Chylu aforehand.
_Tryal would be made of the like Brew with Potado-Roots, or Bur-Roots, | orthe Pith of /rtichoaks, which are nourifhing Meats: It may betryed al-
Young Deer, &c. ; ——— A Morte made with the Brawe of Capons, ftamped, and {trained, and mingled (after itis made) withlike quantity, atthe leaft, of Almond Burter; is | an excellent Meat to nourifh thofe that are weak, better than Black- Manger jor Jelly: Andfo isthe Cullice of Cocks, boiled thick with the like mixture of _| Almond Butter: Forthe Mortrefs or Cullice of itfelf, ismore favory and _ | ftrong, and notfo fit for nourifhing of weak Bodies; but the Almonds that _ | are nor of fo high a tafte as flefh, do excellently qualifie it. Indian Maiz hath (of certain) an excellent Spirit of Nourifhment, but it ' muft be throughly boiled, and made intoa Maiz-Cream like a Barley-Cream. a I judge the fame of Rice,made intoaCream; forRice isin Turky, and other | Countreys of the Eaft, moftfedupon, burit muft be throughly boiled in re- fpect of the hardnefs of it; and alfo, becaufe otherwife it bindeththe Body | too much. at Piftachoes, fo they be good and not mufty, joyned with Almonds in _| Almond Milk, or made intoa Milk of themfelves, like unto Almond Milk, | but more green, are an excellent nourifher. But you fhall do well, to
4
- nefs. ;
——— ——————————————————————— ee
fo, with other flefh ; as Phefant, Patridge, Young Pork, Pig, Venifon, elpecially of |
| add alittle Ginger fcraped, becaufe they are not without fome fubtil windi-
G Mik. |
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re
_{ Cow, befet in a greater Cup of hot Water, that you may take ‘it warn, |
a Sar
Natural Hiflory j
cmilk warm from the Cow, is found tebe a great nourifher, anda gor remedy in Confumptions : But then you muft putintoir, when you: the Cow, two litle Bags; the one of Ponder of Mint, the other of P ‘of Red Rofes; for they Keep the Milk fomewhat from turning, or intheStomack; and putin Sugar alfo for the fame caufe, and partly fort
taftes fake : But you muft drink agood draught, that it may ftay leG tim j in the Stomack, -left it cruddle: And let the Cup, into which - oul |
| And Cow-milk thus prepared, I judge to be better for a Confumption, than | W4f-milk, which (it is true) turneth not fo eafily, but it is alittle harfh ¢ |” i Marry it is more proper for fharpnefs of Urine, and Exulceration of the} 1 Bladder, and al] manner of Lenifyings. Womens-milk \ikewileis prefcribed, | | whemallfail; but Lcommend it not, as being alittle roo near the Juyce of | | Mans Body; to bea goodneurifher; except it be in Infangs, to whom it is | Fatal 2», ks | | Oyl of fweet Almonds newly ines with Sugar and a little: Spice, fpred upon Bread tofted, is an excellent nourifher; butthen tokcep the Oy! from | frying in the Stomack, you multdrink a good draught of Milde-Beer after | it; and to keep it from relaxing the Stomacktoomuch, you mutt putin a} little Powder of Cinnamon. | The Yolks of Fggs are of themfelves fo well prepared by Nature for now- fe rifhment , as (fo they be Patched, or Rearboyled) they need no other pre | paration Or mixture ; yet they may be taken alfo raw, when they are new | laid, with CMalmfey or Sweet Wine. You. thal) do wellro putin fome few flices of Evinginm Roots, anda little Amber-greece: For by this means, befidesthe | | immediare faculty of nourifhment, fuch drink will &rengthenthe Back, fo | | that it willnot draw down the Urine: toofatt, For too much Urine doth al- re ) ways hinder nourifhment. “4 | - CMincing of Meat, asin Pies, and Buttered minced Meat, faveth the Bis ‘ | ingof the Teeth; andtherefore (no doubr) itis more nourifhing, efpecially | in Age, or tothem that have weak Teeth; burthe Butter is not fo proper for weak Bodies, and therefore it were good to moiften it with a little | Claret Wine, Pill of Lemmon or Orenge cut fmall; Sugar, and a very little. | Cinnamon, or Nutmeg. As for Chuets, which are likewife Mineed- meat; | inftead of Burter, and Far,it were good to moiften them, partly. with Cream or Almond, og Piftachomilk, or Barley, or Maiz Cream ; adding a little G riander-feed, and Carraway-feed, and avery little Saffron. . The more f handling of ‘Alimentation, we referve to the dueplace. We have hitherto handled the Particulars, which yield beft, and eafieft, and plentf Nourishment; andnow ve will peak of the beft Means of conveying, iabinagesc | |
ing the Nourishment. |
The firft Means isto procure, that the Nourifhment may not berahei (
| and drawn away ; wherein that which we have already faid, is very Wf tial, to provide, thatrtheReins draw not too ftrongly an over-gt of the Blood into Urine. Tothis add that Precept of Ariftorle, That be forborn in all Confumptions; for that the Spirits of the Wine d upon the Rofcide Juyce of the Body, andinter-common with the § ie
i es.
the Body, and fo deceive and rob them of their Nourifhment. Andt if the €onfumprion, growing from the weakne(s of the Stomack,
you toufe Wine; let it always be burnt, that the quicker Spirits may j tate, or (atthe leatt) quenched with two little Wedges of Gold, fix or times “aaalbene Add alfo this Provifion, that there be not too much ¢: ex
Lf a 9 K “A att Fes has be wet
Century ls we of thenourifhment, by Exhaling and Sweating: Andtiereforcifthe Patient beaptto fweat; it muftbe gently reftrained. Butchiefly Aipocraes Rulcis to | befollowed, who advifeth quite contrary to that whichis in ufe: Namely, | That the Linnen or Garment next the Flefh, be in Winter dry. and oft changed ; and in Summer feldom changed, and {meare| over with Oy]: | Forcertainit is; that any fubftance that is fat, doth alittle fillthe Pores of
the Body and ftay Sweat in fome degree. But the more cleanly way is to | have the Linnen fimeared lightly over with Oylof {weet Almonds, and tot ‘toforbear fhifting as oft as is fit. ih | — The fecond Meansis to fend forth the nourifhment into the patts more | ftrongly, for which, the working muftbe by ftrengthning of the Stomack ; | and in this, becaufe the Stomack is chiefly comforted by Wine and hot | things, which otherwife hurt, it is good to refort to outward applications to {the Stomack: Wherein it hath beentryed, thatthe Quilts of Rofes, Spices, | Maftick, Wormwood, Mint, &c. arenotfohelpful, as to take a Cake of 1 New Bread; and to bedewit with alittle Sack or eAlegaut, and todry it; and after it be dryed alittle before the Fire, to putic within a clean Napkin, | and to lay it tothe Stomack: For it 1s certain, that all Flower hath a po- tent Vertue of Aftiition, infomach, as it hardneth a piece of Fleth, or a | Flower thatislaidinit. And therefore a Bag quilted withBran, islike wife : very good, butitdryeth fomewhat toomuch, and therefore it muftnot lie long. . :
; VEhE thicd Means (which may bea branch of the former) is tofend | forth the nourifhment the better by fleep. For wefee,that Bears and other } Creatures that fleép in the Winter, was exceeding fat: And certain itis, (as Jit is commonly believed) that Sleep dothnourifh much, both for that tlre | Spirits do lefs fpend the nourifhment in Sleep, than whenliving Creatures Jareawake: And becaufe (that whichis to the prefent purpofe) it helpeth | othruft out thenourifhment intothe parts. Therefore in aged-men, and | weak Bodies, andiuchas abound not with Choler, afhort fleep after dinner | doth help to nouwrith ; forinfuch Bodies there is no fear of an over-hafty | digéftion, whichis the inconvenience of Poft-meridian Sleeps. Sleep alfo in | {the morning, aftér the taking of fomewhatof eafiedigeftion; as Milk from } | the Cow, nourifhing Broth, orthelike, doth furthernourifhment: But this would be done fitting upright, that the Milk or Broth may pafs the more | fpeedily to the bottom of the Stomack, ie ; } ‘The fourth Meansis to provide, that the parts themfelves may draw to | themithenourifhmentftrongly: “Thereis an excellentobfervation of Ar- | fotle, that a great reafon why Plants (fome of them) are of greater age than
al .
} Living Creatures is, for that they yearly put forth new Leaves and Boughs ; i whereas Living Creatures put forth (after their period of growth) nothing | that is young; but Hair and Nails, which are Excrements, and no Parts. | | And itis moft certain, that whatfoever is young, doth draw nourifhment } better, than that which is old ; and then (that which is the myftery of | that obfervation) young Boughs and Leaves, calling the Sap up tothem, | the fame nourifheththe Body in thepaffage. And this we fee notably pro- i ved alfo, in that theoft cutting or polling of Hedges, Trees, and Herbs, doth | conducemuch to their lafting. ‘ransfer therefore this obfervation to the {helping of nourifhment in Living Creatures: The Nobleft and Principal | Ule whereof is, for the Prolongation of Life ; Reftauration of fome de- | -|greeof Youth, and Intencration of the Parts: For certain it is, chat there } ‘jare in Living Creatures Parts that nourifh and repaireafily , and parts that | SE Ser a tems sy ane
59: the fifth means is, to further the very a& of —Afimilation of Nourish- b. ment; Whichis done byfome outward emolhents, that make the partsmore | | apt to Affimilate. For whichI have compounded an ointment of excellent | odor, which I call Roman ointment, vide the Receit. The ufe of it wouldbe | betwcenfleeps; forin the latter fleep,the parts aflimulate chiefly. | Go. 4 Here be many CUedicines, which by themfelves would dono cure, bu | Experiment T perhaps hurt, but being applied in a certain order, one after another, ee dogreatcures. Ihave tried (my felf) a Remedy forthe Gout, which hat | Filam medi- | felcom failed, but driven it away in Twenty four hours ipace: It is firft't cinale.
OP at OO a ee ee Sk | eer, Pe ice | eae le . Be "
Natural Hiftory; noutifh-and repair hardly ; and you muft refrefh, and renew thofe thatare eafie tonourith, that the other may be re‘refhed, and (asit were) drink in ‘| nourifhment in the paflage. Now we fee that Draught Oxen putinto good Pafture, recover the Fleth of young Beef; and Men after long emaciatir Diets, wax plump and fat, and almoit new: Sethatyou may furely conclude, that the frequentand wife ufe of thofe emaciating Diets, and of Purgings; and perhaps of fome kinde of Bleeding, is a principal means of prolonga- tion of life, and reftoring fomedegree of Youth: For aswe have oftenfaid, | Death cometh upon Living Creatures like the Torment of Mexenvias, «<1 0
CUortua yuinetiam jungebat corpora viv, oss od Dee Component Manibufque Manus, atque oribusora. al AOL fy
For the parts in Mans body eafily repairable (as Spirits, Blood, and Flefh) | | dic in the embracement of. the parts hardly repairable. as Bones; Nerves, |” and Membranes) and likewife fome Entrails (which they reckon ameongft | the Spermatical Parts) are hard to repair: Though thatdivifion of Spér-} matical and Menftrual Parts, be but a conceit. And this fame obfervation | alfo may be drawn to the prefent purpofe of nourifhing emaciated Bodies : | And therefore Gentle Frication dravyeth forth the nourifhment, by making } the partsa little hungry and heating them, whereby they call forth nourith- | /ment the better. This Frication I with to be done inthe morning. It ist | alfo beft done by the Hand, or apiece of Scarlet-Wool, wetalittle with | Oy1 of Almonds, mingled with a {mall quantity of Bay-Salt, or Saffron: We | fee that the very Currying of Horfes doth make them fat, and in good}
16
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EGG wTiye
, '
liking. i
apply a Pultaf, of which, vide the Receit, and then aBath or Fomentation, | ‘of which, videthe Receit, and then a Plaifter, vide the Receit. The Pulaf | > relaxed the Pores, and maketh the humor apt to exhale. The Fomentation |7 calleth forth the Humor by Vapors ;_ but yet in regard of the way made by , the Pula, draweth gently ; and thercfore draweth the Humors out, amd }
doth notdraw moretoit: For itis aGentle Fomentation, andhath ibe ;
-a mixture (though very little) of fome ftupefa@ive. ‘he Plaifter isa] moderate Aftringent Plaifter, which repelleth new humor from falling. The Paliaf alone would make the part more {oft and weak, and apter to take | the defluxion and impreflion of the Humor. The Fomentation alone, if it | were too weak, without way made by the Pultaf, would draw forth little. i if too ftrong, it would draw to thepart; as well as draw fromit. The Plaif alone would pen the Humor already contained inthe part, and fo ex rate it, as wellasforbid new Humor ; therefore they muft be all tak order, as isfaid: The Pultaf isto be laid to for two or three hours; ‘Fomentation fora quarter of an hour, orfomewhat better, being uf }and feven-or cight times repeated 3 the Plaifter to continue on ftil ‘partbewellconfirmed. _ 0 eld 3216 h Con Sale
phi Gl
Century fe ye | a "
ass ‘ nl nee "
oI. | Experment | Solitary, j
| epHere is a fecret way of Curve, unpractifed by Afuernde of that whicli
T initfelf hurteth: ‘Poyfons have been made by fome Familiar, as hath been faid. Ordinary Keepers of the fick of the Plague, are {cldom infected. Enduring of Tortures, bycuftomhath beenmade more eafie: Thebrook- ing of enormous quantity of Meats, andfoof Wine, or ftrong drink, hath been by cuitom madeto be without Surfeit or Drunkennefs. And general] Difeafes that are Chronical, as Coughs, “Phibéficks, fome, kinde of Parfes, Lunacies, @c. are moft dangerous atthefirft: Therefore awife Phyfitians ill } confider, whether a Difeafe be incurable, or whether the juft cure of it be not fullof peril; and if he finde it to be fuch, let him refort to Pathation, | and alleviate the Symptom without bufying himfelf too much with the | perfe@ cure: And many times (if the Patient be indeed patient) that courfe will exceed all cxpeftation. Likewife the Patient himfelf may ttrive, by | lictle and little to overcome the Symptom inthe Exacerbation, and fo by time turn fuftering into Nature. : |
he ouciiue tcuc! ug Cure by Cu-
floms
Gls
Experiment Solitary;
touching ; Cure by Ex- f
cefie
Ivers Difeafes, efpecially Chronical, (fuchas Quartan Agues) are fome- ‘ times cure: by Surfeirand Exceffes; asexcels of Meat, excefs of Drink, extraordinary Fafting, extraordinary flirring, or Laffitude; and the like. The caufeis, for that Difcafes of continuance, get an adventitious ftrength from Cultom, befidestheir material caufe fromthe Humors: Sothat the breaking of the Cuftom doth leave them onely totheirfirft caufe ; which, | if it be any thing weak, will fall off. Befides, Such Excefles do excite and {pur | Naure, whichthereupon rifeth more forcibly again the Difeate.
Here isin the Bodyof Man, agreatconfentin the Motion of the feveral parts: Wefee itis Childrens {port, toprove whether they can rub up- jontheirBreft with one hand, and patupen their Forehead with another; | anditraight ways they fhall fometimes rub with both hands, or pat with bothhands.. We fee, thatwhen the Spirits that come tothe Noftrils, ex- pela bad fent, the Stomack is ready to expel by vomit. We finde that in Confumptions of the Lungs, when Nature cannotexpel by Cough, Men fallinto | | Fluxes of the Belly, and thenthey dic. Soin Peftilent Difeafes. if they can- |. not be expelled by Swear, they fall likewife into Leofnef,and that is common- | ly Mortal. Therefore Phyfitians fhould ingenioufly contrive, how by Mo- tions that are in their power, they may excite inward Motions thatare not | in their power, by confent; as by the {tench of Feathers, orthe like, they | cure the rifing of the AZosher.
63. Experiment Solitary, touching Cure by Afo- » tion of Confent.
Ippocrates Aphorifim, in Morbis Minusyis a good profound —4phorifm. It im- porteth, that Difeafes contrary to the Complexion, Age, Sex, Sealon of | the year, Diet, &c. are more dangerous than thofe that are concurrent. A Man would think it fhould be otherwife ; For that when the Accident of Sicknefs, and the Natural difpofition , do fecond the one the other; the Difeafe fhould be more forcible. And (fo no doubt)it is, if you fuppofe like | quantity of Matter. But that which maketh good the Wsphorifm, is, becaufe fuch Difeafes do thew a greater colleG@ion of Matter, by thatthey areable | to overcome thofe Natural inclinations tothecontrary. And therefore in | Difeafes of that Kinde, let the rhyfirian apply himfelf moreto Purgation, than
to cAlreration ;, becaufe the offence is inthe quantity, and the qualities are
reGtified of themfelves. | A C 3 ts 2 EOS
64: Experiment Solitary, touching Cure of Dif- cafes which aré |. contrary to Predi{pofition. |
?
18
65.
| Experiment
Solitary, touching Preparations before Purg- ing > and [et- ling of the Body aficr-
t ard.
66.
Experiment Solitary, touching Stanching of Bloods
67-
'# Experiment
t Solitary, f touching
| change of 4-|or Working. And we fee that Affuetude of things hurtful, doth mak ai
liments and Medicines.
,new..
Neawural Hiftory 3 .
Hyfitians do wifely prefcribe, thattherebe Preparatives ufed before! fut P Purgations ; for certainitis, that Purgers do many times great burt e the Body be not accommodated, both before and after the Purging. ihe hurt thatthey do, foc want of Preparation before Purging, is by the ftick: | ing of the Humors, and their notcoming fairaway; which cauleth im the Body great perturbations, and ill accidents, during the Purging » and alfo | the diminifhing and dulling of the working of the Medicine it {elf that it | purgeth not {ufficiently: Therefore the work of Preparationis double, «to } make the Humors fluide and mature, andtomake the patlages more open; | | For thofe both help tomake the Humors pafs readily : And for the former | _ of thefe, Syrups are moftprofitable ; and for the latter, Apocums or Preparing | Broths ; Ciyftersalfo help left the Medicine ftop in the Guts, and work criping- | _ ly. But itis true, that Bodies abounding with Humors, and fat Bodies, | and open Weather, are Preparatives inthemfelves; becaufethey make the | ~ Humors more fluid: But let a phyfician beware how he purge after hard |” Frofty Weather, and in a lean Body, without Preparation. For the hurt that they may do after Purging, it is caufed by the lodging of fome Humots in ill places ;_ for it is certain, that there be Humors. which fomewhere, placed in the Body, are quiet, anddo little hurt; in other places (efpecially | Paflages) do much mifchief. Therefore it is good after Purging, toufe | A pozums and Broths, not fo much opening as thofe ufed before Purging, | _ but Abfturfive and Mundifying Clyfters alfo are good to conclude with, to} draw away therelicks of the Humors thatmay have defcendedtothelower | _ region of the Body. |
Leod is ftanched divers ways: Firft, by Aftringents and Repercuffive | CMedicines. Secondly, by drawing of the Spirits and Blood inwards, | which is doneby cold; as lron or a Stone laid tothe Neck doth ftanch the} Bleeding of the Nofe ; alfo it hath been tried, that the Tefficlcs being put} into fharp Vinegar; hath made a fudden recefs of the Spirits, and ftanched | ~ Blood. ‘Thirdly, by the Recefs of the Blood by Sympathy; {foit hath been | tried, that the part that bleedeth, being thrult into the body of a Capon, | — Sheep, new riptand bleeding, hath ftanched Blood ; the Blood, as it feem-| ~ | cth, fucking and drawing up; by fimilitude of fubftance, the Blood it meet} © eth with, andfoitfelf goingback. Fourthly, by Cuftomand Time; fothe| — Prince of Aurange, in his firfthurt by the SpanifhBoy, could finde no means | to ftanch the Blood, cither by eU%edicine or Ligament, but was faintohave} ~ the Orifice of the Wound ftopped by Mens Thumbs, fucceeding one an-| ~ other for the fpace at the leaft ies days; and atthelaft the Blood by} — cuftomonely retired. There isa fifth way alfo in ufe, to let Blood inan ad- a verfe part fora Revulfion. | "oe
li helpeth, both in A¢edicine and Aliment, to change and not to continne. i the fame ssedicine and Aliment fill. The caufe is, for that Nature by con- i tinualufe of anything, growethto a fatiety and dulnefs, either of Appetite |
them leefeticir force to hurt; As Poyfon, whichwith ufefome have broug themfelves to brook. And therefore it isno marvel, though things help- | ful by cuftom, Icefe their force to help, I count intermiflion almoft the } fame thing with change; for that, that hathbeenintermitted, isafter afort}
Ate
G efit fern
efpecially, if they be ftri&) the Patienpis n more troubled in the begianing than a ter continuance. ; which hath madefome of the mote delicate fort | of Patients, give them over.in the midft; Suppofing, that if thofe Diets | TAP them fo much atfirft, they fhallinot be able ¢o endure them ro the end. But the caufe is, for that all thole Diets, to dry up Eumors,, Rheums, andthe like ; and they cannot dey up until they have firlt artenuated: And
% hp clack b's pe od : ‘ ; We is iar by Lateran , eee in Diets of Guiacuing: ney eae hes like;
troubleth the Body a ¢reat dealmore, untilit be dryed up, and pasty eae And therefore Patients muft expect adue time, and not cheeky at, them at
| the firk.
opHe nee of Culd is a thing | v ‘ery plone the, Induifcion, both for
T ufe and Pieehirs of caufes. For Hear and Cold are Natures two hands, whereby the chiefl; yworkcth; and Heat we have inreadinels, in re{fped of the Fire: But for Cold, we mutt ftay cillic cometh, or {eek itin deep Caves, orhigh Mountains ; and when allisdone, we cannot obtain it in any great ; degree : For Furnaces of Fire are far hotter than'a Summers Sun; but } Vaultsor Hills arenot much colder than a Winters Froft.
1 wichal; namely, the expiringof Cold out of the inivard parts of the Earth jin Tmt . when the Sun hath no power toovercome it ; the Earth being | (ashath beennoted by fome (Primum Frigidum.) Thishath been afferted, as
| was the opinion of the Author of the Difcourfe in Plutarch, (for [ take it, chat Book was not Plutarchs own) De primo Frigido. Jt was the opinion of Tele-
| Novelifts. A@ive and T ranfitive into Bodies adjacent, as well as Heat; which is {een
whofoever willbe an Enquirer into Narre, lethim refort toa Confervatory } of Snow and Ice; fuchasthey ufe of delicacy, to cool Wine in Summer:
| made of fuch Confervatorics,
| The third caufe is the Primary Bias of all Tangible Bodies ; forit
| is well to benoted, ‘That all things whatfoever ( Tangible are of themfelves)
Cold; except they have an acceflory heat by Fire,. “Life, or Motion: For
j even the Spiritof Wine. or Chymical Oyls, which are fo hoc in operation, are tothe irfttcuch, Cold; and Airit felf comprelled, and condenfed a
little by blowing,isCold.
colder than moftother Bodies, as Mettals, Stone, Glaf, and they are longer jin fneating than fafterBodies. Andit is certain, that Larth, Denfe, Taisgable, {hold allof the Nature of Cold: The caufeis, for that all Marsers Tangible being Cold, it muft needs follow, that where the Matter is moft congregate thet old i is thegreater. - The ath eauife of Cold, or rather of Reeale and vehemency of Cold, is Agpuick Spiritinaclofedina ‘cold Body; as willappear to any that fhall arten- tively contider of Nature in many inftances. We fee Nitre (whichhath aquic k Spirit) isCold, morecold tothe Tongue than aStone; fo Water bot is
while the Humor is attenuated, it ismore fluid, tham.ic was before, and
The frftmeans of producing Gold, is that which Nature prefenteth us |
jwellby Ancient, as by Modern Philofophers.: It was the tenet of Parmenides it | | fis, whohath renewed the Philofophy of Parmenides, and is the beft of the
Thefecond caufe of Coldis, the contad of cold Radics: fot Cold is :
Which isa poor and contemptible ufe, inrefped of other ufes thatmay be |
‘the fourch caufe is, the Denfity of the Body; for alldenfe Bodies are .
am actrees oo
Experiment, 4 Solicary, |
i touching
Diets, |
Experiments: in Confort, - touching the | ProduGion of
Colde os
69.
© 76.
in thofe things thatare touched with Snow orcold Water. And therefore, }
71.
VED
73°
7 i a he im le 2S gilli Ba ty —_—" Mee TE ae ae d
i gor 3 ) ‘i Natural Hip; ee | aoe
~ “ esac x ft
is colder than Oyl, becaufe ithath a quicker Spirit; for all Oyl, though it | hath the tangible parts better digefted than Water, yet hathita duller Spirit: So Sow is colder than Water, becaufe it hath more Spirit within it : So | we fee that Sal: put to /ce (as in the producing of the Artificial Jee) encréa-} feth the adtivity of cold : So fome Infeda which have Spirit of Life, as ‘ Snakes and Silkworms, are tothetouch,Cold. So Quick-filver isthe coldeftof } Metals, becaufe itis fulleftof Spirit. eee ek 74. , The fixth caufe of Cold is, the chafling and driving away of Spirits, fuch as have fome degree of Heat ; for the banifhing of the Heat mutt | needs leave any Body cold: This wefeein the operation of Opinm, and Sia- | pefattives upon the Spirits of Living Creatures; andit were not amifs totry | Opium by la) ing it upon the top of a Weather-Glaf, to fee whether it will | contra& the Air; but I doubt it will not fuceed : For befides that, the ver-| tue of Opium will hardly penetrate thorow fuch abody as Glafs, 1 conccive that Opium, and the like, makethe Spirits fie rather by Malignity, than by |~ Cold. eee , | oe ee 7. Seventhly, the fame effe& muft follow upon the exhaling or drawing out of the warm Spirits, chat doth upon the flight of the Spirits. There 1s | an opinion, thatthe Moonis Magnetical of Heat, as the Sunisof Cold and | Moitture : It were not amifs therefore totry it with warm waters ; the one expofed to the Beams of the Moon, the other with fome skreen betwixt} the Beams of the Moon and the Water : As we ufe tothe Sun for fhade, | and to fee whether the former will cool fooner. And it were alfogood | to enquire, what other means there may be, to draw forth the Exile heat 4 which is in the Air; for that may be a fecret of great power to predic cold Weather. “i
an | | \ 9 4 Experiments E have formerly fet down the Means of turning Air into Water, in hi nts the Eixperiment27. But becaufe itis C4¥agnale Nature, and tendeth to | Fete nd the fubduing of a very great effe&, and is alfo of manifold ufe: We wil] Tranfautation| adde {ome inftances in Confort that give light thereunto. Pat 9 of the Air in to Water.
76. It is teported by fume of the Ancients, that Sailers have ufed every | night, to hang Fleeces of Wool onthe fides of their ships, the Wool to- | wards the Water; and that they have crufhed frefh water out of them, in f the Morning, for their ufe.. And thus much wehave tried, that a quantity | of Wool tied loofe together, being let down intoa deep Well ; and {_ hanging in the middle, fome three Fathom fromthe Water fora night, in} the Winter time, increafed in weight, (as I now remember) toa fifth| Part. : ; ms | 77. It is reported by one of the Ancients, that in Lydia, near Pergamus, | there were certain Workmen in time of Wars, fled into Caves; and the } Mouth of the Caves being flopped by the Enemies, they were famifhed. | But long time after, the dead Bodies were found, andfome Veflels which | they hadcarriedwiththem, and the Veffels full of Water; and that Wa- |” ter thicker, and more towards |!ce,than common Water; whichis anotable | inftance of Condenfation and Induration by Burial under Earth (in Caves) for | long time ; and of Verfion alfo (as it fhould feem) of the Air into Water; |” if any of thofe Veffelswereemptv. Try therefore a {mall Bladder hung in | Snow, and the like in Nizre, and thelike in Quick-filver: And if you finde | the Bladders faln or fhrunk, you may be fure the Air is condenfed bythe | Cold of thofe Bodies, as it would be in a Cave under Earth. 8 a
5 oo: 1p Ary pm ao
feoo) It isireported of very good credit, thatin the Haf-Indiesif you fet a|. }-Tub of Water open inaRoom where Cloves are kept, it will be drawn dry Jin Twenty four hours, though it ftand at fome diftanr fromy the Cloves. Jin the Countrey, they ufemany times in deceit, when their Wooll isnew ‘| fhorn, to fet fome Pails of Water by in the fame Room, to encreafe the weight of the Wooll : ‘Bat it may be, that the Heat of the Wool re- | maining from the Body of the Sheep, or the heat gathered by the lying | clofe of the Wool, helpethto draw the watcy vapor; but that is nothing to | the Verfion. | } ) i Itisreportedalfo credibly, that Wool new fhorn, being laid calually F: uponaVeflelof Verjuice, atter fome time hath drunk up agreat part of the | Verjuice, though the Veilel were whole without any flay, and hadnot the’ | Bung-hole open. | In this inftance there is (upon the by) to benoted, the | Percolation or Suing cf the Verjuice thorow the Wood ; for Verjuice of it felf | would never have pafled through the Wood: So, asit feemeth, it muft be | fisit in akince of vapor before itpafs. - It isefpeciallyto benoted, that the caufe that doth facilitate the Ver- fionof Air into Water, when the Air is not in grofs, but fubtilly mingles ° | with tangible Bodies, is, (at hath been partly touched before) forthattan- | | gibleBodies have an antipathy with Air; and if they finde any Liquid Body 8 Ait ismore denfe nearthem, they willdraw it; and afterthey havedrawn fit, they willcondenieitmore, andinefteé incorporateit: For we fee that }aSpunge, or Wooll, or Sugar, or a Woollen-cloth, being putbutin part, in | Wateror Wine, will drawthe Liquorhigher, and beyond the place, where “Tthe Water or Winecometh? Welee alfo, that Wood, Lute-ftrings, andthe like, |, |.dofwell in moift feafons; as appeareth bythe breaking of the ttrings, the | hard turning of the Pegs, andthe hard drawing forth of Boxes, and opening lof Wainfcot doors, whichis a kinde of infufion ; and is much like toanin- | fafion in Water, which will make VVood to fwell; as we feein the Alling of ' | the Chops of Bowls bylayingthem in VVater. But for that part of thele | Experimenis, which concerneth Artradion we will referveinto the proper Title | of Anrattion. | ; | | ) Phere isalfoa Verfion of Airinto Water, feeingin the fiweating of Mur- bles, and other Stoves; and af VVainicot before, andinmoiftweather. This | mutt be, either by fome moifture the Body yieldeth, or elfe by the moift Air | thickned againft the hard Body. Butitis plain, thatit isthe Jatrer; for that _jwe fee Wood painted with Oyl-colour, will fooner gather drops ina moift + night, than Woodalone; which is caufed by the{moothnefs and clofenefs, | which letteth in no part of the vapor, and fo turneth itbackand thickneth Vicinto Dew. We feealfo, that breathing uponaGlafs, or {mooth Body, | | giveth a Dew and in Frofty mornings (iuch as we call Rime Frofls) you | thall Gade drops of Dew upon the infide of Glaf -windows: Andthe Frott | §) it felf upon the ground, is but a Verfion or Condenfation of the moift.va- jipors of che night,into a watry fubitance: Dewslikewile, and Rain, are but | the ceturns of moift vapors condenfed ; the Dew, by the cold onely of Ythe Sunsdeparture, which 1s the gentler cold; Rains, by the cold of that | 24 eth they call che Cwiddle Region of the Air, which is the more violent 4 Cold: | Ie isvery probable (as hath been touched) that thar which will turn | Water into Ice, will likewife turn Air fome degree nearer unto Water. ‘Vtherefore try. the Experiment of the Artificial wurning Water into Ice | ‘| (whereof we thall fpeak in another place) with Air in place of Water, and ab the
Oe ne ae ASY.* - i git 2
ig Natural. me
ve es
* ; ea 4 22 Eliftory; Airin to} Water into Ice, is the work of afew hours ; and this of Airmay bet
a monethsfpace, orthelike. «ions nn | hase <a LIAS a [Experiments | pNaduration or Lapidification of Subftances mote foft, is likewife another de- anes - gree of Condenfation, andisa great alterationin Nature. The effect-
| rnduration of
ing and accelerating thereof, is very worthy tobe enquired it is effected by} | Bodies % Sy ae |
threemeans. ? ; | | The firftis by Cold, whofe property is to condenfe, and conftipate; as | | hath been faid: ) ‘hte Aer ae The fecondisby Heat, which is not proper but by confequence ; for | the heatdoth attenuate, and by attenuation doth fend forth the Spirit, and | moifter part of a Body ; and upon that, the more grofs of the caneiblepieecs ‘ do contra& and ferve themfelvestogether; both to avoid Vacuum yas they | all it) and alfo tomunite themfelves againft the force of the Fire; which | ~ they have fuffered. rY ! ee ph ASR ia And the third is by Affimilation, whenahard Body affimilateth afoft, | being contiguous to it. , ! is i} | eae Theexamples of Induration takingthem promifcuoufly, arcemany: As} the Generation of Stones within the Earth, which at the firft are but Rude 4 | Earth or Clay ; and fo of (Minerals; which come (no doubt) at firft of |” Juyces Concrete, which afterward indurate : And fo of Porcellane, whichis | an Artificial Cement, buried inthe Earth a long time ; and fo the making A | of BrickandTile; alfothe making of Giaf, of a certain Sand and Brake-Roots, | | and fome other matters ; alfo the Exxudations of Rock Diamonds and Chryftal, | | which harden withtime ; alfo the Mdarationof Bead-Amber, which at firltis a | | foftfubftance, asappeareth by the Flies and Spiders, which are found in it,
¥
| andmany more. But we will{peak of them diftin Aly. Pee ita
a
For Indurations by Cold, there be few Trialsof ir; for we have no itron xf
g ; |
$3. | orintenfe cold here on the furface of the Earth, fo near the Beams of the Sun and the Heavens, the likelieft tryal is by Snow and Ice; for as Snoy | and Ice, efpecially being holpen, and their cold aGivated by Nitre or} Sale, will tarn Water into Ice, andthat ina few hours: So it maybe it} willeurn Wood or ftiff Clay into Stone inlongertime. Put therefore into | a Confeiving Pit of Snew and Ice, (adding fome quantity of Sale ai Nitre) apiece of Wood, or apiece of toughClay, and let it licamione or more. is gt eG a alte eae Another tryal is by <#etalline /Vaters,, which have virtual Cold in them. | Puttherefore Wood or Clay into Smiths water; or other CVeralline water, and tery whether it will not harden in fome reafonable time. But I underfta lit of CAZzeralline waters, that come by wafhing or quenching, andnotof § Waters that come by diflolution ; for they are too Corrofive to lidati iio ices 4 ing age ll Ivisalready found, that there are fome Natutal Spring-waters that inlapidate Wood; fo as you fhall fee one piece of Wood; whereof the) above the Water fhalfcontinue Wood s and the part under the Water, beturned intoakinde of Gravelly Stone. It is likely thofe Waters ar fome Metalline Mixture ;_ but tliere would be more particular inqui | of them. Itiscertain, thatan Egg was found, having lain many yea
t
$4.
85. 3
& entury I
ae of a Moar, where the Earth had foitiewhat overgrown it: And | this Bgg was come to the hardnefs of aftone, and had thecolours of the | Whiteand Yolk perfeé ; ae the Shell fhining in {mall Grains, like Sugar j or Alabla‘ter. . he Read hagicherlencathiere i is of Induration by Cold, which is already Wetind, | whiclvis, That Afetals themfelves are hardned by often heating, and quench- | ing in Cold-water : For Cold ever worketh moft potently upon Heat pre- | cedent. } For Induration by Heat, it mutt be confidered, That Heat, by the exha- | ling of the moifter parts, doth either harden the Body; as in Bricks, Tiles, | Se. Orif the Heatbemore fierce, maketh the groffer part of itfelf, run and |e rele, -as inthe making of ordinary Giafs, and in the Vitrification of Earth, ‘| ¢as we fee in theinner partsof Furnaces) andinthe Vitrification of Brick, | atid of Metals. And in the former of thefe, which is the hardning by | Baking, without Melting, the Heat hath thefe degrees: Firft, It Indu- ; rateth, andthen maketh Fragile; and laftly, Ic doth Incinerate and Calci- pate i: / Butif you dere to make an Induration with Touginef, and le{s Mragility, ja middle way would be taken , which is that which eAriforle hath well |aoted, but would be throughly verified. Itis, to decoaé Bodies in Water ‘| for two or three days; but they mutt be fuch Bodies, into which’ rhe | Water will notenter ; as Sconeand Metal. Forif they be Bodies,. into which the Water will enter, then long feething will rather foften’ than in. it durate them, as hath been tried in Eges, &c. Jhercfore, fofter. Bodies | the Mouths open above the Water, thatno Water may get in : Por by this | Means; the Virtual Heat of the Water will enter; andfuch a Heir, as will. | be thu: out, This Experiment we made, and it forted thus, It was tryed with a piece of Free-ftone, and with Pewrer, put into the Water at large3 the | Free-ftone we found received infome Water; forit was fofter and eaficr to Pees thana piece of the fame ftone kept dry. Butthe Pewret, into which jno Water could enter, became more white, and likerto Silver, andlcfs:flexi- | ble by much. There were alfo put into an Earthen Bottle, placed as before, a | good pellet of Clay, apiece of Cheefe, apiece of Chalk, and a piece of Free- |ftone. The Clay came forth almoft of the hacdnefs of Stone: TheCheefe, | | likewile very hard, and not well tobecut: The Chalkandthe Free ftone {| mach harder then they were. The colour of the Clay inclined. not a whit to | the colour of Brick, but rather to white, asin ordinaty drying by the Sun. Note, that allte former tryals were made by aboylingupon a good hor fire, | renewing the Wateras itconfumed, with other hor Water ; but the boyling | | was bur for Twelve hours onely : And itislike, that che Experiment would have been mote effedtual, if the boyling had been fortwo or three days, as | we prefcribed before. j | _ Astouching 4fimilation (for thereis a deste of Afgimilation, even in Lhani- } mate Bodies) we fee examples of it in fomie Stones, in Clay-grounds, lying led tothetop of the Barth where Pebble is ; in which you may manifeftly fee divers Pebbles gathered together, and a cruft of Cement or Stone be- tweenthem, as hard asthe Pebbles themfelves. Andit were good to make a | ‘tryal of purpofe, by taking Clay, and putting in it divers Pebble={tones, thick fet, to fee whether in continuance of time, it will not be harder than other i ah of the shea in which no Pebblesare fet. We fee alfo' in Ruins
|
‘
puft be put into Bottles, and the Bottles bung into Water feething, with
| not make the Body aduft or fragile: But the Subfance of the Water will |
Le Seep wae eae OUT
23
36.
$7.
33,
See
24,
90.
! 9 I.
| Experiment Solitary
|touching the | 7 evfton of Wa- Ler into Air
92. Experiment Solitary, | touching the | Force of Vni- | on.
!) 7 93-
| Experiment
| Solitarys
| touching the | Producing of | Feathers and | Zlairs of di- wers Colenrse
‘ ‘ -
Natural Hiftory ae of old Walls, efpecially towards the bottom, the Morter will becomeas hard as the Brick : We fecalfo, that the Wood on the fides of Veflels of Wine, gathereth a ciutof Tartar harder thanthe Woodit felf; and Scales likewife grow to the Teeth, barderthan the Teeththemfelyes.. = od
Moft of all, Znduration by Afimilation appeareth in the bodies of ' Tree " and Living Creatures: For no nourifhment that the Tree receiveth, orthat | the Living Creature receiveth, is fohard as Wood, Bone, or Horn, &e. but | is indurated after by Affimilation. , | es,
mo Dh a |
He Eyeof the Underitanding, is likethe Eye of theSenfe: Forasyou | may fee great objeéts through fmallCranies, or Levels; foyou may fee | great Axioms of Nature, through {mall and contemptible inftances. ‘The | {peedy depredation of Air upon watry moifture, and verfion of the fome in- | to Air, appeareth in nothing more vifible thanin the fudden difcharge, or | vanifhing of a little Cloud of Breath, or Vapor, from Glafs or the Blade de a Sword, or anyfuch polifhed Body; fuch as doth not ar all detain or im- | bibe the moifture: For the miftinets fcattereth and brezketh up fuddenly. Butthe like Cloud, if it were oily or fatty, will noz difch arge; not becaule it | fticketh fatter, but, becaufe Air preycth upon Water, and. Flame, and Fire, | upen Oyl; and therefore, totake outa {pot of Greafe, they ufea Goal upon brown Paper, becaufe fire worketh upon Greafeor Oyl, as Air doth upon | Water. And we fce Paper oiled, or Wood oiled, or the like, ‘laft long |) moift ; but wee with Water, dry or putrifie fooner. The czufe is, forthar | Air meddleth little with the moifture of oy. aang ae i : : an ie WiHere isan admirable demonftration in the fame trifling inftance of the} little Cloud upon Glafs, or Gems, or Blades of Swords of the force of | Union, even in the leaft quantities, and weakeft Bodies, how muchit con- | duceth to prefervation of the prefent form, and the rcfifting of anew. For | mark well the difeharge of thatCloud, and you fhall {ee it ever break up, firft | in theskirts,and laftin the midft. We feelikewife, that much Water draw- { eth forth the Juyce of the Body infufed, but little Water is imbibed by the} Body: And this is a principal caufe, why, in operation upon Bodies, for their | Verfion or Alteration, the tryal in great quantities doth not an{wer the tryal | in fmall, andfodeceiveth many ; for that (I fay) the greater Body rcfifterh | more any alteration of Form, and requireth far greater ftrength in the AGive | Body that fhould fubdue ir. | ae)
E have fpoken before in the Fifth Inflance, of the caufe of Orient | Colours in Birds; whichis by the finenefs of the Strainer, we will |
now endeavor to reduce the fame Axiomtoa Work. For this Writing | of our Sylya Sylvarum, is (to {peak properly) not Natural Hiftory , bu high kinde of Natural Magick. For it is not a difcription onely of N ture, buta breaking of Nature, into greatand ftrange Works. Trythe fore the anointing over of Pigeons, or other Birds, when they are bu their Down, or of Whelps, cutting their Hair as fhort as may be, or fome other Beaft ; with fome oyntment, that is not hurtful to the and that willharden and ftick very clofe, and fee whether it will not the colours of the Feathers, or Hair. Itis, received, that the pullir the firft Feathers of Birds clean, will make thenew come forth Whit it is certain, that White is a penurious colour, and where moiftureis fc So Blew Violets, and other Flowers, if they beftarved, turn pale and white. |
My
pL.
Centu | Birds, and Horfes, by age or fcars, turn white ; and the hoar Hairs of ‘| Men, come by the famereafon. And therefore in Birds, it is very likely, ‘ that the Feathers that come firft, will be many times of divers colours,
according to the nature of the Birds ; for that the skin is more porous,
| This is a good Experiment , not oncly for the producing of Birds and | Beafts of ftrange colours, but alfo, for the difclofure of the nature of } colours themfelves; which of them require a finer porofity, and which a
P .
| groffer.
| if is a work of providence that hath been truly obfervedby fome; that | . the Yolk of the Egg comiaesth little to the Generation of the Bird, but | onely to the nourifhmentof the fame: For if a Chicken be opened when | it ismewhatched, you fhall finde much of the Yolk remaining. — And it is { needful, that Birds that are fhaped without the Females Womb, have inthe | Egg, aswell matter of nourifhment, as matter of gencration for the Body. | For after the Eggis laid, and fevered from the body of the Hen, it hathno | more novrifhment from the Hen, but onely a quickning heat when fhe \fiteeth. But Beafts and Men need not the matter of nourifhment within | themfelves; becaufe they are fhaped withinthe Wombof the Female, and | are nourithed continually fromherbody. | me .
art of the Body, touch the Bladder, and exulcerate it, if they ftay on long. Itis likewife received, that akinde of Stone, whichthey bring out of | the Weft-Indies, hath apeculiar force tomove Gravel, and to diffolve the
| Stone ; inforuch, as laid buttothe Wrelt , it hath fo forcibly fent down | Gravel, as Men have been glad toremove it, it was fo violent.
___Itisreceived and confirmed by daily experience, that the Seals of the Feet, have great affinity with the Head, and the Mouth of the Stomack: | Aswe fee, Going wetfhod, to thofe that ufe it not, affe@eth both; Applica- / tions of hot Powders to the Feet, attenuate firft, and after dry the Rheume. | And therefore a Phyfician that would be myftical, prefcribeth for the cure, | of the Rheume, That a Man fhould walk continually upon aCamomil- | Alley; meaning, thathefhould put Camomil within his Socks. Likewife,
Pigeons bleeding, applied to the Soals of the Feet, eafethe Head; and So-
| poriferous Medicines applied untothem, provoke fleep.
|} It feemeth, that as the Feet have a fympathy withthe Head; fothe | Wrefts and Hands have afympathy withthe Heart. Wefee the affe&s and Paffions of the Heart, and Spirits, are notably difclofed by the Pulfe: And | it is often tryed, that Juyces of Stock-gilly-flowers, Fofe-vampion, Garlick, and } other things, applied tothe Wrefts, and renewed, have cured long Agues. And Iconceive, that wafhing with certain Liquors the Palms of the Hands, | doth much good : ‘Andthey do wellin Heats of Agues tohold in the Hands, | Eges of Alablafter, and Balls of Cryftal. |. Of thefe things we shall peak more, when wwe handle the Title of Sym Antipathy, i the proper place.
we
pathy and if ‘He knowledge of Man (hitherto) hath been determined by the view | & orfight; fo that whatfoever is invafible’, either in refpe@ of the fine- | nefsof the Body itfelf,or the fmallnefs of the Parts,or of the fubtilty of the I De Motion;
* 1. ~
J
7
but when the skin is more fhut and clofe, the Feathers willcome white. |.
, iT is an inveterate and received opinion, ‘That Cantharides applied to any |
|
94. Experiment Solitary, touching the Nourifhment of Living Creatures be. fore they be brought forth.
tn
9 5 @ Experiments in Confort, touching Sympathy and Alntipathy for ‘Medicinal
ufe.
96...
et ee ee
97°
98. | Experiment ‘Solitary , | | . touching the | Secret Proce (Jes | \ Nature,
| Again, as to the Motions Corporal, within the Enelofures of Bod __| whereby the effects (which were mentioned before) pafs between the
Rae ao oe ,
1
ER, a. en Rai, Natural Hiftory ; Motion, is little inquired. And yet thefe be thethings thatgovern Nature} | principally, -and without which, you cannot make any true eAnalyfis and) Indications Of the proceedings of Nature. ‘The Spirits or Pnevmaticals})| that are in all Tangible Bodies, are {carce known: Sometimes they take | them for Vacuum, whereas they are the moft aétive of Bodies ;: Some-} times they take them for Air, from which they differ exceedingly , : 3} much as Wine from Water, and as Wood from Earth: Someti nes} they will have them ro be Natural Heat, or a Portion of the Element of Fire, whereas fome of them are crude and cold: And fometimes they will} have them to be the Vertues and Qualities of the Tangible Parts which: they fee, whereas they are things by themfelyes: And then, when they} come to Plants and Living Creatures, theyg@@ll them Souls. And fueh} fuperficial fpeculations they have ; like Profpectives that fhew things in- | watd; whenthey are but Paintings. Neither is thisa queftion of words, | but infinitely material in Nature: For Spirits are nothing elfe but a Na- | tural Body, rarified to a Proportions and included in the Tangible Parts | of Bodies, as in an Intcgument : And they be no.lefs differingone from | the other, then the Denfe or Tangible Parts: And thcy areinall Tangible | Bodies whatfoever, more or lefs, and they <re never (almoft) atreft: And | fromthem, and their Motions, principally proceed erefattion, Colliquation, | Concottion, Maturation, Putrefaction, Vivification, ard moft of the effets of Na-| ture. For, as we have figuredthem in our Sapientia Veterum, inthe Fable of | Proferpina, you fhall in the Infernal Regiment hear htrle doirgs of Pluto, | but moft of Proferpina: For Tangible Parts in Podies, are ftupid things, and the Spirits do (in effect) all. As for thedifferences of Tangible Parts | in Bodies, the induftry of the Chymifts hath given fome light in difcerning | by their {eparations, the Oily, Crude, Pure, Impure, Fine, Grof, Parti of Boties,| andthe like. Andthe Phyfisians are content to acknowledge, that Herbs and } Drugs have divers parts ; as that Opiam hath a ftupefe€ting part, anda heat-| ing part; the one moving Sleep, the other a Sweat following ; and that} Ruburb hath Purging parts, and Aftringing parts, &c. Butthis whole Jn- | quifition is weakly and negligently handled. Andforthe more fubtil differ- | ences of the Minute parts, and the pofture of them in the Body, (which |} alfo hath great. effeéts) they are not ar all touched : Asfor the Motions of} the Minute Parts ef Bodies, which dofo great effets, they have not been obferved at all; becaufe they are invifible, andincur not to the eyes bur yet they ace to bedeprehended by experience. As Democritus faid well. | when they charged him to hold, that the World was made of fuch little | Moats, as were feen inthe Sun. C4tomus (faith he) necefirate Rationis @ Ex- | perientia effe convincitur : CAromum enim nemo nunquam yidit. And therefore | the tumult in the parts of folid Bodies, when they arecompreffed, which | is the canfe of all flights of Bodies thorow the Air, and of other Me hanical Motions , (as hath been partly touched before, and fhall be throughl handled indue place, ) is not feen at all, but neverthelefs, if you: know it | not, or inquire it not attentively and diligently, you fhall never be able to bi difcern, and muchlefs to produce, a number of Mechanical Motions. | ieS 5 «
rits and the Tangible parts ( which are cA refattion, Colliquation, Conco Mauration, oc.) they are not at all handled; but theyare put off | namesof Vertues, and Natures, and “fttions, and Pafions, and fuch other J words. en. , Pea Pt TON! Ly.
ws
os — : Tn ees ee eM
ee ue Mae
dial Century T. 49
99. Experiment Solitary, touching the Pomcrof eat.
PWT iscértain, that of all Powers in Nature, Feat is the chief ; both in the Frame of Nature; andin the Works of Art. Certain itis likewife, that the effes of Heat; are moft advanced, when it worketh upon a Body witli- J out lofs or diffipation- of the matter ; for thatever betrayed the account. | Andthereforc itis true, that the power of Heat is beft perceived in Diftil- } lations, which are performed in clofe Veflels and Receptacles. But yet | there is a higher degree ; Forhowfoever Diftillations do keep the Body in Ci ‘Ils and Cloyfters, without going abroad, yecthcy give {pace unto Bodies }toturninto Vapor, to return into Liquor, and to {eparate one part from {another So as Nature doth expatiate ; although it hath not full liberty ; | whereby the true and ultime operations of Heat, are not attained : But | if Bodies may be altered by Heat, and yetnofuch Reciprocationof Rare- }fa@ion, and of Condenfation, and of Separation, admitted ; then itislike | Ithat this Prorew of Matter, being held by the Sleeves, will turnand change | Jintomany Metamorpholes. ‘Take therefore a {quare Veilel of Iron,in form | of aCube, and let it have goodthick and ftrongfides; put itinto a Cube of | Wood, that may fillit as clofe as may be, and letit have a cover of Iron as t trong (at leaft) asthe fides, and let it be well Luted, afterthe manner of the Chymifts; then place the Veflelwithin burning Coals kept quick kindl ed. | for fome few hours{pace; then take the Veflel from the Fire, and take off | }the Cover, and fee whatis becomeof the Wood, I conceive; that fince all | Inflamationand Evaporation arcutterly prohibited, and the Body {till curn- fed upon it felf, thatoneof thefe two Effects will follow, Either that the: Body of the Woed will be turned into a Kinde of CAmalagma, (as the Chy- miffs call it,) or, thatthe finer part willbe turned into Air, and the sroffer | flick as it were baked, and incruftate upon the fides of the Veffel, being } become of adenfer matter, thanthe Wood it {elf, crude. And for another | }tryal, take alfo Water, and putit in the like Veflel, topped asbefore; but } Jufe agentler Heat, and remove the Veflel fometimes from the fire; and | again, after fome {mall time, when itis cold, renew the heating of it, and | repeat this alterationfome few times ; and if you can once bring to pafs, hat the Water which is one of the fimpleft of Bodies, bechanged in Co- lour, Oder, or Tafte, after the manner of Compound Bodies, you may | be furethatthere is agreat work wrought inNature, andanotable entrance miade in ftrange changes of Bodies, and productions; and alfo a way made to do that by Fire, in {mall time, which the San and —Age do in {long time. But if the admirable effeds of this Diftillation in clofe, ( for {fo we callit) which is like the Wombs and Matrices of Living Creatures, | where nothirig expireth nor feparateth: We will {peak fully, inthe duc {place. Nor that we aim at the making of Peracelfus Pigmeys, or any fuch }. prodigious follies ; but that we know the effects of Heat will be fuch, as } will fcarce fall under the conceit of Man, if the force of it be altogether
WHere is nothing more certain in Natare, than that itis impoffible for any Body tobeutterly annihilated ; but thae as it was the work of the | Omnipotency of God; to make Somewhat of Nothing: So it requireth the |like omnipotency, to turn Somewhat into Nothing. And therefore it is well Maid by an obicure Writer of the Se& of the Chywifts, That there isno fuch | way to effc& the ftrange Tran{mutations of Bodies, as toendeavor and urge | by all means, the reducing of them to N. ie And herein is contained al- ee 7 : aoe . se the
19 ‘ : ‘ : ia rs
TOO. Experiment Solitary, touching the Imp ofsibility of Annihila- Sione
| prohibit, thatthey neither turn into Air, becaufe no sir comethto then | nor gointo the Bodies Adjacent, becaufethey are utterly Heterogeneal,
| a leaf ora peece of Paper or Parchment ; for if they have a greaterc:
| we fhall {peak more when we handle t
* OP ith dy Aa De ‘i ee eae. 7, _«,) Sw ; eel 2 ela b Pe Se , ‘ e, ~~ 4 int he ue ve : Fe
Naural Hifloy;
*,
fo a great feeret of Prefervation of Bodies from change > fen ae you
i make a round and circulation within themfelves ; they will neyerc be though they be in their Nature never fo perifhable or mutable. We fee Flies and Spiders,and the like, get a Sepulchre in Amber, more durable thar the Monument and. Embalming of the Body of any King. And Icon ceive sia like will beof Bodies put into Quick-filver. Butthenthey muft be but thin,
tude, they will alter in their svarengs though they {pend not. But of xi 1¢ Title of Confervarion of Bodjesg =
«
ais was { ) ig 2 OF 5 iti es 2 bc
4
pha
Reet
| — aerate "1 ’ =: oe * \ i - * ‘ s S j ; = i P
Seo S07: eo aces
Century IT,
Uggs} Ufick in the Pra@ice, hath been well purfued, and in eq) good Varicty-; but in the Theory, and efpecially in Sf the yieldingof the Caufes of the Pradtick, very weak-
and not much truth. We fhall therefore, after our manner, joyn the Contemplative and Attive Part together. ‘
Sounds of Stringed, and Wind-Inftruments, the Ringing of Bells, &c. or AImmufical Sounds, which are everunequal: Such asare the Voicein Speak-
ing, all Whifperings, all Woices of Beafts and Birds: (except they be Sing-
| Drums) and infinite others. © _ The Sounds that produce Tones, are ever from fuch Bodies as are in {their Parts and Pores equal; aswell asthe Sounds themfelves are sgt | And fuch are thePercuflions of Metal, asin Bells; of Gla/f, asin the fillip- | ping of a Drinking Glak; of Air, asin Mens Moices whileft they fing, in Pipes, | Whifiles, Organs, Stringed Inftruments, &c. And of Water, asinthe AGghtiz-° | gals Pipes of Regals, or Organs, and other Aydraulicks, which the Ancients had; and Nero did 1o muchefteem, but are now loft. And if any Manthink, that the Strzzg of the Bow, and the String of the Vial, are neither of them _} equal Bodies, andyet produce Tones; heisinanerror. For the Sound is not created between the Bow or Plectrum, andthe String; but between the String and the 4; no morethan it is between the Finger or Quill, and the String in other inftruments. So there are (ineffe&) butthree Percufions that D ; create
ly being reduced into certain Myftical fubtilties:, |
All Sounds are either A4u/ical Soands, which we eall Zones; whereunto | there may be an Harmony, which Sounds are ever equal : As Singing; the |
| ing Birds ;) all Percuffions, of Stones, Wood, Parchment, Skins, (as in |
10
49,
Ex periments in Confort
Lf
is Natural Hiftory . : ici BK ay
create Tones ; Percuffion of Metals (comprehending Glaf, and the like) | Percuffions of Air, and Percuffions of Water. ca al nad : The Diapafon or Eightin Uufick, isthe fweeteft Concord ; infomuch, | as it isin effeG an Vnifon; as we fee in Lures thar are ftrung in the bafe ftrings q | with two ftrings, one an Eighth above another, which make butasone yu nd ; | and every Eighth Note in Afcent, (asfromEight to Fifteen, from Fifteen || - to Twenty two, and fo im infinitum) are but Scales of Diapafon. Thecaufe | is dark, and hath not been rendred by any, and therefore would be better contemplated. It feemeth that Air ( which is the {ubje& of Sounds ) in Sounds that are not Tones (which are all unequal ashath been faid) ad- | ‘mitteth much variety; as we fee in the Voices of Living Creatures, and | _ ‘likewife in the Voices of feveral Men ; for we are capable to difcern feves | ral Men by their Voices) and in the Conjugation of Letters, whence 1- ticulate Sounds proceed; which of all others, are moft various. But inthe | Sounds which we call Tones (that are ever equal) the Air is not able to | — caft ic felf into any fuch variety ; but is forced to recur into one and the | fame Pofture or Figure, oncly differing in greatnefs and {mallnefs. So | we fee Figures may be made of Lines, crooked and ftraight, in infinice variety, where there is inequality ; but Circles or Squares, or Triangles Equilateral, (whichareall Figuresof equal Lines) can differbacin greater forleffer. ) | ’ Itis to benoted (the rather, left any Man fhould think that there is any thing in this number of Eight, to create the Diapafon) that this computa- tion of Eight, is a thing rather received than any truecomputation. For | _ a true computation ought ever to be, by diftribution into equal Por-| — tions.. Now there be intervenient in the. rife of Eight (in Tones) two| Beemols or Half-Notes ; fo as if you divide the Tones equally, the} Eighth is but Seven whole and equal Notes: And if you fubdivide that | into Half-Notes, (as it is inthe ftops of a Lute) it maketh the number of} — Thirteen. Ae Yet thisistrue, That in the ordinary Rifes and Falls of the Voice of | ‘Man (not meafuring the Tone by whole Notes and Half Notes, whichis | the equal Meafure) there fall out tobe two Beemols (as hath been faid) be- if ‘tween the Vaifon and the Diapafin; and this varying is natural. For if a] Man. would endeavor to raife or fall his Voice ftill by Half-Notes, likethe| {tops of a Lute, or by whole Notes alone, without Halfs as far as an Eighth ; | he will notbeable to frame his Voice unto it, which fheweth, that after e-| — very three whole Notes, Neturerequireth, for all Harmonical ufe,one Half | — Note to beinterpofed. | mn r It is to be confidered, That whatfoever vertue isin Numbers, forcon-| — ducing to concent of Notes, is rather tobe afcribedto the Aute-number, than | tothe Enrire-number; asnamely, thatthe Sound returneth after Six, or after} > Twelve: Sothat the Seventh or the Thirteenth isnot the Matter, butthe|} Sixth, or the Twelfth; and the Seventh and the Thirteenth, are butthe | | ‘Limits and Boundaries of the Return. : ' vies at 107. -. The Concords in Mufick which are Perfect, or Semiperfed, between the | | Vaifon and the Diapafon, are the Fifth, which is the moft Perfet; the Third | ©) | next, and the Sixth which is moreharfh > Andas the Aacients cfteemed, and| 7) fo do my felt, and fome other yet, the Fourth which they call Diate(eron; as| forthe Tenth, Twelfth. T hirteenth, and {0 ininfinitum,they be but Recurrences of the former ; viz. of the Third, the Fifth, and the Sixth, being an Eighth refpedivelyfromthem. Meets Met i 120120 ;
103.
e tel) PTI ie ap ed net
104.
10. '
106.
' ie
- a
war «Yella =e), * a DT Teen ne _ a , - - ‘, a be 4
aaa’ Century II.
er rg
_ For Difcords, the Second and the Seventh, are of all others,the moft odi- ous in Harmony to theSenfe; whereof, the one is nextabove the Ynifin, the other next under the Diapafon; which may fhew, that Harmony requireth a competent diltanceof Notes, )
Ia Harmony, if therebenota Difcord tothe Bafe, itdoth not diturb the Harmony, though there be a‘Difcord to the higher parts; fo the Difcord be ‘not of the Two that are odious: And therefore the ordinary Concent of
| that Fifth isa Fourth rothe Trebble, andthe Third isa Sixth, Andthecaufe | is, for that the Bafe ftriking more Air, doth overcome and drown'the Trebble ( unlefs the Difcord be very odious ) and fo hideth a fmall imperfection
not the foundof the Trebble, nor any mixt found, but onely the found of the Bafe. } | © Wehave no CUufick of Quarter-Notes, and it may be, they are notcap- able of Harmony; for wefee the Half-Notes themfelves do burinterpofe fome- times. Neverthelefs, we have fome Slides or Reli/hes of the Voice or Strings, as it were, continucd without Notes, from one Tone to another, rifing or falling,which are delightful. 5 od : The caufes of that which is Pleafing or ingrate to the Hearing, may receive light by that which is P/esfing or ingrate to the Sight. Phere | be two things pleafing to the fight (leaving Piltures and Sbapes afide, | which are but Secondary Objeéts, and pleafe or difpleafe bur in Me. |mory;) thefe two are Colours and Order. , The pleafing of Colour | fymbolizeth with the Pl-afing ot any Single Tone to the Ear 3 but ithe pleafing of Order doth fymbolize with Harmony. And therefore we fee in Garden-knots, and the Frets of Houfes, and all equal: and well anfwer- ing Figures, (as Globes, Pyramides, Cones, Cylinders,@c.) how they pleafe; | whereas unequal Figures are but Deformities. And both thcle plea- | dures, that of the Eye, and that of the Ear, are bur the effeds of equa- lity, good proportion, or correfpondence: - So that ( out of queftion ) _| Equality and Correfpondence are the caufes of Harmony. But to finde the _| Proportions of thatCorrefpondence, ismoreabftrufe ; whereof, notwith- ftanding we fhall {peak fomewhat (when we handic Tones, inthe general enquiry of Sounds. | | | paca
one that readeth, &c. Thecaufe whereof is, for that Tones, becaufe they are | overmuch attention hindereth fleep. | Figures of Rhetorick., and with the Afedions of the Adinde, and other Senfes.
| agreement with the Glittering of Light ; Asthe CVWoon-Beams playing upon a Wave. Again, the Falling from a Difcord to a Conéord, which makethgreat fweetnels in Mufick,, hath anagreement with the 4ffedions, ‘which are reinte- | graredtothe better, after fome diflikes; it apreeth alfo with the tafte, which is foon glutted withthat which is {weet alone. The, fliding from the Clofe
| Prater Expectatum; for there is a pleafure, even inbeing deceived.. The Re- ports and Fuges have an agreement withthe Figuresin Rhbetorick.of Repetition {aad TraduGion, The Tripla’s and Changing of Times; have an.agrecment with
Four parts confifteth of an Eighth, a Fifth, anda Third tothe Bafe; but.
For we fee, that in one of the lower fttings-of a Lute, there foundeth.
Tones axe not fo apt altogether to procure Sleep, .as fome other ‘founds : | Asthe Wind, the Purlingof Water, Humming of Bees, a {weet Voiceof
_ There bein Mufick, certain Figures or Tropes, almoft agreeing with the. Firk, The Divifion and Quavering, which pleafé fo much intUMuficks have an. | or Cadence, hath an agreement with the Figure in Rhetorick, whichthey call
the:
|
|
109.
T10o.
Ifa.
} equal and flide not, domiore ftrikeand ereétthe Senfe,, thanthe other, And | —
ee
II4.
Experiments
in Confort,
| mongeff Trees, thenoifeof fuch Winds willbeperceived. And the Winds |
Ne a a
| {
Men, and make them warlike ; tomake them foftand effeminate ;' to el them grave ; to make them light ; to make them gentle and inclined to} pity, &c: The caufe is, for that the Senjfe of Hearing {triketh the Spirits. | more immediately, than the other Senjes, and more incorporeally than the Smelling: For the Sight, Tafte, and Feeling, have their Organs, not of fo prefent and immicdiate accefs to the Spirits, as the Hearinghath. And|— as for the Smelling (which indeed workcth alfo immediately upon the Spi- ; rits, andis forcible while the obje& remaineth) ir is with a communica- | tion of the Breath or Vapor of the obje& oderate: But Harmony entring
eafily, and mingling not atall, and coming with amanifeft motion; doth| by cuftom of often affe&ing the Spirits, and putting them intoone kinde | of pofture, alter not a little the nature cf the Spirits, even when the ob- |. jectis removed. And therefore wefec, that Tunes and Airs, even in their | own nature, have in themfelves fome athnity with the Affe@ions: As | there be Merry Tunes, Doleful Tunes, Solemn Tunes; Tunesinclining Mens mindes to Pity, Warlike Tunes, &c. So as.it isnomatvel, if they alterthe Spirits, confidering that Tunes have a predifpofition to the Moti- on of the Spirits in themfelves. But yet ithathbeen noted, that though | this variety of Tunes, doth difpofe the Spirits to variety of Paffions, con- form unto them; yetgenerally, (Mofick teeceth that difpofition of the Spi- rits which icfindeth. We feealfo, that feveral Airs and Tunes, do pleafé feveral Nations, and Perfonsaccording to the fympathy they have with their Spirits.’ SR 6 ae Kai tat
Erpetive hath been with fome diligence inquired ; and fo hath the Na- P ture of Sounds, infome fort, as far as concerneth Mujick, bus the Na- | ture of Sounds in general, hath been fuperficially obferved. Itis one of} the fubtilleft pieces of Nature. And befites,, 1 pra@ife, as I do advife: | Which is after long inquiry of things, immerfe in matter, to enterpofefome | fubje& whichis immateriate orle{s materiate; fuch as thisof Sounds: To | the end, that theinteHe@ may be redtified, and become not partial.
— Smeg” as ee EF
a ees Cat
It is firft to beconfidered , what great motions there are in Nature | which pafs without found or noife. Whe Heavensturn about in a moft rapide | motion, witheut noife to us perceived, though:in fome dreams theyhave | been faid to make anexcellent Mufick. So the motions of the Comets, and} — Fiery Meteors (as Stella Cadens, &c.) yield nonoifle. And if itbe thought, that) 7 it is the greatnefs of diftance from us, whereby the found cannot, beheard ;| 7 wefce that Lightnings and Corufcations, which are nearathand, yieldno |” found neither; and yet in all thefe, there is a percuflion and divifsion of the | Air.) “The Winds in'the Upper Region (which move the Clouds above | (which we call the Rack): and are not perceived below) pats without noite. | The lower Winds ima Plain, except they be ftrong, make no noife; ‘but a- |
(generally) whenthey make a noife,doever make it unequally, rifing and fall- | ing, and fometimes (when they are vehement) trembling at the height of | their blaft.. Rain or Hail falling, though vehemently, yieldeth nonoife, in
ee ere p-aeemaniaeid sit
eae ee — . Geary 1... butrunneth in filence, if itbe of any depth ; but rhe very Strcam upon Shall | lows, or Gravel, or Pebble, willbeheard. And Waters, when they-beatup } ontheShore, orare ftraitned, (as in the falls of Bridges) or are dafhed againft | | themfelves by Winds, give aroaringnoife. Any peece of Timber, or hard | Body, being thruft forwards by another Body continguous, without knock-— | ing giveth no noife. And fo Bodiesin weighing, one upon another, though | the upper Body prefs the lower Body down, makeno noife. So the motion of the Minute parts of any folid Body; (which isthe principal canfe of violent. Motion, though unobferved) paffeth withoutfound; For that found, thatis | heard fometimes, is produced onely by thebreaking of the Air, andnot by the impulfion of the parts. So it is manifeft, that where the anterior Body | giveth way as faft as the pofterior cometh on, it maketh no noife, be the | motion never fo great or {wift. | | Air open and at large, maketh no noife, exceptit be (harply percuffed ; as in the found of a ftring, where Air is purcuffed by a hard and {tiff Body, and withafharploofe: For it the ftring be not ftrained, it maketh nonoile; but | where the Airis pent and ftraitned, there breath or other blowing ¢which carry buta gentle percuffion) fuffice to crearefound ; asin Pipes and Wind Inftruments. But then you mu{ note, that in Recorders which go with a gentlebreath; the Concave of the Pipe (were it not for che Fipple thar ftrait- neth the Air mtich more then the fimple Concave) would yield no found. For, as for ether Wind-Inftruments, they require a forcible breath, as Tram- | pets, Cornets, Hunters, Horns, &c. Which appeareth by the blown Cheeksof him that windeth them: Organs alfo are blown with a {trong wind by the Bellows. And note again, thatfomekinde of Wind-inftraments are blown -at a fmall hole in the fide, which ftraineth the breath atthe firft entrance; | the rather, in refpect of their traverfe, and {top above che hole which per. | formeth the Fipples part ; asit is feen in Plates and Fifes, which will not give found by a blaft ar the end, as Recorders do, &c. Likewile in ali Whiftling, } you contra& the Mouth ; and to make it more fharp, Men fomeiimes ule their finger. il ' , Burt in open Air, if youthrow aStone ora Dart, they give no found: | No more do Bullets, exceptthey happen co be alittle hollowed inthe catt. ing 5; which hollownefs penneth the Air: Nor yetArrows, except they be ruffled intheir Feathers, which likewile penneth the Air. As for {mall Whi. ftles or Shepherds Oaten-Pipes, they give afound, becaufe of their extream | flendernicfs, whereby the Airis more pentthanin a wider Pipe. Again, the voices of Men and Living Creatures, pafsthroughthe Throat, which pen. | neth the breath, As for the Jews-Harp, it isafharp percuffion,and befides hath the vantage of penning the Air in the Mouth, Solid Bodies, if they be very foftly percuffed, giveno found; aswhena ‘| Man treadeth very foftly upon Boards. SoChefts or Doors in fair weather, when they open eafily, give no found. And Cart-wheels fqueek not when j | they are liquored. eit: The Flame of Tapers or Candles; though it be a fwift motion and breaketh theAir, yet paffeth withoutfound. Airin Ovens, though (no doubt)it doth | (as it were) boil, and dilate it felf, and is repercufled, yet it is without aoife. ; Flame percufed by Air, giveth a noife ; Asin blowing of the Fire by Bel- lows, greater thanif the Bellows fhould blow upon the Air it felf. Andfo likewife Flame percuffing the Air ftrongly (as when Flame faddenly taketh and openerh) giveth anoife : So great Flames, whiiles the one impelleth the | other, give a bellowing fouud. AY
There
2S:
123.
124.
touching
and Delation
| Mir sherein.
~ | which will difcharge a piece without noife, which is a dangerous Pai }-
Experi ments in Con fort, -
Produétion 5 Confervation,
f Sonnds; and Jobe offceof the it be empty of matter. This. conceit of bias on y Ree moft bean
| “Reaueral Hilo; i There is aconcelt runneth abroad, that there fhoulab be a Wai it Pa rs
ment, if it fhould be true: Forit may cate fecrer Murthers, but it f2cme ; {co me unpoffible j forif the Airpenr, be driven forth and ftrike the Air open, ie \ie/will certainly makea noife. As for the White Powder , (Cif any tuck ho ie thing be that may extinguifh or dead the noife) it is like to bea niixture | of Petre and Sulphure, without Coal. For Petre alone will not take Fire And if any Man think, that the found may be extinguifhed or deaded, | Hi difcharging thepent Air, before it cometh tothe Mouth of (he Peece, | it ; tothe open Air, that isnot probable; for it willmake more divided founds : 1 As if you fhould make a Crofs-barrel hollow, thorow the Barret aah Peece, it may beit would give feveral founds, both at the Nofe and the | e fides. But I conceive, that if it were ron e to bring to pafs, tharthere} fhould be no Air pent at the Mouth of the Peece, the Buliect might flie | | with (mall or no noife. For firft it is certain, thereis no noife in the Per. cuffion of the Flame upon the Buller. Next the Buller, in pieccing’ tho- | 4 row the Air, maketh nonoife, ashath been faid; and then, if there be no} , sient ises that {triketh upon open Air, there isno caufe of noife, and yer the } flying of the Bullet will not be ftaid. For that motion (as hath been oft | faid) isin the parts of the Bullet, and nor inthe Air. So astryal muftbe | made by taking fomefimall Concave of cénal, no more thanyou mean te} fill with Powder, and laying the Buller in the Mouth of it half out in the | open Air. I heard it affirmed by a Man that was a great dealerin Secrets, but he} was but vain; That there was a Confpiracy (which him{clf hindred) to have | killed Queen Mary, Sifterto Queen Elizabeth, by a Burning-Glaf, wh en the | walked in St. ‘Fames Park,fromthe Leads of the Houfe. Burthus het no }. doubr, istrue, That if Burning-Glaffes could be brought to agreat ftrength, | (as they talk generally of Burning-Glafes, that are able to burn a Navy) | : Percuffion of the Air alone, by fuch a Burning-Glaf, would make le noife; no more than is found in Corrufcations , and Lighmings Wit out FT bunders, of a I fuppofe that Imprefion of the Zir with Sounds, asketh a time tobe con-} veighed ro the Senfe, as well as the /mprefion of Species vi vifible, or €l lfe they will | not bcheatd. And therefore, as the Bullee moveth fo { wift, that it isinvifible, : iq fo the fame {wiftnefsof motion maketh it inaudible ; for we fee st the ap- | prehenfion of the Eye, is quickerthen that of the Ear. i- - All Eruptions of Air, though fmall and flight, give an enticy é found, which we call Crackling, Paffing, Spiting, Cc. Asid Bay-falr, and Bay- leaves | caft into the fire ; fo in Chefs when they leap forth of the Athcs, fo in| iY | green wood laid upon the fire, efpecially Roots; fo in Candles that {pit} 7 | flame,if they be wet; foin Rafping, Sneezing, &c. Soin aRofe leaf gather- | | ed together into the fafhion of a Purfc, and broken upon the Forchead, Bh i@ Back of the Hand, as Children ufe. |
|
, et
"He caufe given of Sound, that it fhoutd be an Hg of the Air (wheres | le by, if they mean any thing, they mean Cutting or Dividing, or elfe an | i ieeenteaeiae ofthe Air)"is but a term of Ignorance ; ; and the motior
but a catch of the Wir upon a few Inftances, as the manner is in the Philofophy received. And it is common with Men, thatif they have gotten | a pretty expreffion by a word ef Art, that expreflion goeth currant, thou ale yy
k: ns f Sg y . a> ve t oe Ser > & weil * Beye) a De a ae 4
_ |to be falfe, in that the Sound of a Belb-ftring, or the like, continueth melting, fometime after the Percuffion ; but ceafeth ftraight-ways, if the Bell or {String be touchedand ftayed; whereas, if itwere the Elifion of the Air, that made the Sound, it could not be that the touch of the Bell or String, fhould extinguifh fo fuddenly thatmotion, caufed by the Zlifion of the Air. This appeareth yet more manifeftly, by Chiming witha Hammer upon the out. fide of aBell; for the Sound will be according to the inward Concave of the Bell ; Whereas the Elifios or -Attenuation of the Air cannot be, but onely between the Hammer, and the outfideof the Bell. So again, | af it were an Elifion, a broad Hammer, and a Bodkin, ftruck upon Metal, would givea diverfe Tone, as well asa diverfe Loudnefs : Buttheydo not fo; for though the Sound of the onebe louder, and of the other fofter, yet | the Tone isthefame. Befides, in Eccho’s (whereof fome areasloud as the Original Voice) thereisnonew Elyfion, butaRepercuffion onely, But that, which convinceth it moftof all, is, That Sounds aregenerated, where there is no Air atall. But thefe, andthe like conceits, when Men have cleared their Underltanding, by the lightof Experience, will {catter andbreak up
likea Mift. : It is certain, that Sounds is not produced at the firft, but with fome Local Motion of the Airor Flame, ot fome other Medium; nor yet without fome refiftance, either inthe Air, or the Body percuffed. For if therebea ‘meer yielding or ceflion, it producethno Sound, as hath been faid. And therein Sounds differ from Light or Colours which pafs through the Air; | ot other Bodies, without any Local Motion of theAir, either at the firft, or
after. But you muft attentively diftinguifh between the Local Motion of | the Air (which is but Vehiculum caufe, A Carrier of the Sounds,) andtheSounds | themfelves conveighed inthe Air, Foras tothe former, we fee manifeftly; that no Sound is produced (no not by Air it felf againft other Air, as in Organs, &c.) but with a perceptible Blaft of the Air, and with fome re-
gentleft Motions of Air,) is with expulfionof alittkeBreath. And all Pipes havea blaft,as wellasaSound, We fee alfo manifeftly, that Sounds are car-
_| thanagainft the Wind; and likewife, do rife and fall with the intenfion or _| remiffton of the Wind: But forthe Impreflion of the Sound, itis quite an- | other thing, and ‘is utterly without Local Motion of the Air, perceptible ; | and in thatrefembleth the (pecies vifible: For after a Man hath lured, or a | Bellis rung, we cannotdifcern any Perceptible Motion (arall) in the Air, as _| long 2s the found goeth, but onely atthe firft. Neither doth the Wind (as far | as itcarrieth a Voice) with the Motion thereof, confound any of the deli- *| cate, and Articulate Figurations of theAir, in varictyof Words. And ifa _| Manfpeak a good loudnefs againft rhe flame of a Candle, it will not make ir "| tremble much; though moft, when thofe Letters are pronounced, which | contract the mouth, asF,S, V,andfome others, But gentle breathing, or blowing without fpeaking, will move the @andle farmore. Andit is the | more probable, that Sound is without any Local Motion of the Air, becaufe | asit differeth from the fight, inthat it needeth a Local Motionof the Airat fir: Soit paralleleth in fo many other things withthe fight, and radiation of things invifible, which (without all queftion) induce no Local Motion in
_ theAir, ashathbeenfaid,. —_- . _ Neverthelefsitis true, that uponthe noifeof Thunder, and great Ord- ‘nance, Glafs Windows will fhake, and Fifhes are thoughtto be frayed with . : the
fiance of the Air ftrucken. For, even all.Speech, ( which is one of the },
ried with Wind: Andtherefore Sounds will be hard further with the Wind; |-
125.
a ee ‘
= . = oa | , id a” a ¥
Natural Eliftory ;
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.6
| che Motion, caufed by noife upon the Water. But thele effets arefrom
_|.in the open Air; but in fuch Coneaves, it is conferved and contraéted.
thelocal motionof the Air, which isa concomitant of the Sound (ashath ‘ been faid) and not from the Sound, lo) a Ithath been anciently reported, andisftill received, that extream ap-| — plaufes, and fhouting of people. aflembled ingreatmultitudes, have forari-| fied, and broken the Air, that Birds flying over, have faln down, the Airbe- ingnot ableto fupportthem. And it isbelievedby fome, thatereat Ring-| — ing of Bells in populous Cities, hath chafed away Thunder; and alfo dif-| _ fipated peftilent Air: All which may be alfo fromthe concuffion of the Air, | and notfrom the Sound. | ae
A very great found near hand, hath ftrucken many deaf; and atthe | inftant they havefound, as it were, the breaking of aSkinof Parchmentin their Ear : And my felf, ftanding near one that lured loud and fhrill, had| — fuddenly an offence, asif fomewhat had broken, or beendiflocated inmy| —
Ear, and immediately after a loud Ringing; (not an ordinary Singing, or Hiffing, but far louder, and differing ; fo as 1 feared fome Deafnefs. But | — after fome half quarter of an hour, it vanifhed. ‘Thiseffe& may be truly | — referred unto the Sound ; for (as is conmenly received) an overpotent| — Obje& doth deftroy the Senfe ; and Spiritual Species, (both Vifible and ¢ :
:
Audible,) will work upon the fenfories, though they move not any other | Body. f A ore A Delation of Sounds, the enclofure of them preferveth them, and | ; caufeth themtobe heard further. And we findein Rowlsof Parchment, or| Truncks, the Mouth being laid tothe one end of the Row! of Parchment, | or Trunck, andthe Ear tothe other, the Sound is heard much further then inthe openAir. Thecaufe is, for thatthe Sound {pendeth, andis protic ! So alfo in aPiece of Ordnance, if youfpeakinthe Touch-hole, and another lay his Ear to the Mouth of the Piece, the Sound pafleth, and is farbetter# heard than in the open Air. | eee : It is further to be confidered, how it proveth and worketh when the | — Sound isnot enclofed, all the length of his way, but paffeth partly through} — epen Air; as whese you fpeak fome diftance froma Trunck, or where the'} ; Ear is fome diftance from the Trunck, at the other end; or where both} Mouth and Ear are diftant fromthe Trunck. Andit is tryed, thatinalon Trunck of fome Eight or ten foot, the found is holpen, though boththe | — Mouth, and the Ear be a handful ormore, from the ends of the Trunck; and | © fomewhat more holpen, when the Ear of the Hearerisnear, thanwhen the Mouth of the Speaker. And itiscertain, that the Voice is better heard in a| Chamber from abroad, thanabroadfrom withintheChamber. || As the Enclofure, that is round about and entire,preferveth the Sound ; fo | _ doth a Semi-concaye, though inalefsdegree. Andtherefore, if youdivide| | a'Trunck, ora Cane intotwo, andone fpeak at the one end, and you lay | | your Ear at the other, it will carry the Voice further,than inthe Ait at large. | || Nay further, if it be nota full Semi-concave; butif youdo the likeupon the | 7 Maftof aShip, or along Pole, or a Piece of Ordnance (though onefpeak | ~ upon Surface of the Ordnance, and not at any of the Bores) the Voice will |) be heard further then in the Air at large. 4. a It would be tryed, how, and with what proportion of difadvantage,| 7) the Voice will be carried in an Horn, which isaLine Arched; or i Trumpet, which is a Line Retorted ; or in fome Pipe that were
nuous. ;
‘Cemury [ly }.. dtis certain, (howfoever.it crofs the received opinion) that Sounds may bevcreated without Air, thougi Air be the molt favorable different of }Sounds: Take,a Veflel of Water, and knap a pair of Tongs fome depth ‘Twichinthe Water, and you fhall hear the Sound of the Tongs wells and not } much diminithed, and yet thergisno Airatall pcefent. " » | «TFakeone Vedel of Silver;and another of Wood, and fill each of them ‘} fullof water, and then knap.the T ongs together as before, about an handful frou the, bottom), and you fhall finde the Sound much more refounding } fromthe Vellel of Silver, than fromthatof Wood; andyet if there be no )Waterin the Veflel, fo that you knap thie Tongsinthe Air, you hall finde | no difference between the Silver, and the Wooden Veflel, whereby befide | the main point of creating found without Air, you may colle& twothings ; the one, thatthe found communicateth with the bottom of the. Veffel; the Jother, that fuch a communication pafleth far better thorow Water than Airs: ib bidtt 2 “ i , ’ ; Strike any hatd Bodies together in the midft of aflame, dnd youfhall Thearthe foutid withlitcle difference, from the found in the Air. ; ‘Phe Pueumatical part, which is in all Tangible Bodies, and hath fome affinity with the Air, performethin tome degree, the parts of the Air; as when you knock upon anempty Farrel, the found is (in part) created by the | Air on the outfide, and (in part) by the Air inthe infide ; forthe found will be greater or leffer, as the Barrelis more empty, ormorefull; but yetthe | found participateth alfo with the Spiritin the Wood, thorow whieh it pafs- | eth from the outlide tothe infide ; and fo it- cometh topafs in the chiming } of Bellsonthe outlide, where alfo the found pafleth to:the infide ;, and a. number of other like inftances, whercof we thall {peak more when we 3 handle the Communication of Sounds. thyot ait tats |) It were extream grofnefs to think (a3 We have’ partly touched before) | that the found in Strings is made, or produced between'the Hand and the | String, or the Quill and the String, ot the Bow andthe String: For thofe { are but Vebicula mows. patlages othe Creationof the found, the found being produced between the String and the Air, and thatnot by any impulfionot the Air, from the fi:ft Motion of the String ; but by the return or refult of | the String, which was ftrained by the toveh to his former place ;; which Motion of Refult is quick and fharp, whereas the firft Motion is foft and | dull: So the Bow tortureth the String continually, andthereby holdeth it ina continual T'repidation. | bas jbiod . ant
Tre | bh UE ah vate ‘ i " . Benen et
eI
“ilies.
| oprAkca Trunk, and let one whiftle at thé one end, andhold your cat at _ the otber and you fhall finde the found ftrike fo fharp, as yot.can fcarce fendure it. The caufe is; for that found diffufeth ic felfin round, andfo | fpendethit felf: But if the found, which would fcatterin opén Ait, bé made {togoall into aCunalo; it muftneeds give greater force tothe found. ' And | foyou may note, that inclofurcs do not onely preferve found, but alfo en- 4 ercafe and fharpen it: a ae WA siclov
‘| ereafethe fourid nyore, than if the Horn were all of an equal bore. The | ‘| cauleis, forthat the Air and Sound, being firft contraéted at the leffer end, |
| and afterwards ‘having more room to fpred at the ‘greater end, do dilave | ;
‘| themfelves, . and in coming out, ftrike more Air, whereby the found is
‘| the greater, andbafer: And even Hunters Horns, which are fomevimes |
ore i eee
had = -~ « - s-
a 2 oe 135- 136; 137 138. Experiments
’ + /
__ made},
|
133.
134
in Confort touching the Magnita2c and Exilitys ; na Bamps of
eA y : | DOBBS |
A. Hunteré Horn, being greater at oné efid, than at the other, dothem- | 43»
140.
IAI.
143
T44e
145.
146.
147.
a | Pellet did ftrike upon Brafs.in the open Air. * The caufeis the fame with
| There be two kindes of Reflections of Soinalrg 3 the one naDihanees which | | is the Eccho, wherein the original is heard diftin@ly, and the Reflexion]
i rence; when the Sound refleGing (the Reflexion being near at hand) re-} | turneth immediately-upon the original,’ and fo iterateth it not, but am-] | plifieth ir. Therefore we fee; that Mufick upon the Water “foundeth | | more; and fo likewife, Mufick is better in Chambers Wainlcoriems than}
| fing.
It maketh a more refounding Sound, than a Bandora, Orpharion, or pik ee
J when the Lid is open. The cauferis, for that all{hucing i ‘in of Air, -w
Pi iin ee,
Naa Hiftoy ; .:
nyadeftenights dnd not oblick, “are ever. greater at rhe rewenienida > Tes woul be tryed alfo in: Pipes, beitig’ made fat larger at the lower. end, orbein made with a Belly towardsthe lower end, and then ifuing * into a aight On. cave again, 9 Giger There is in Sr. ‘Famefes Fields, a ‘Conduiest Brick, ‘unto: 5 twhichil oyneth alow Vault; and at the end of that, a round Houfe of Stone; andin the Brick Conduit there isa Window, ’ and inthe round Houfe a Slit or. Rabies fome little breadth ; if you cry our inthe Rift,’ ic will make a fearful roaring atthe Window. The caufe is the fame with the former: Forthat‘allCon- caves that proceed from more narrow to more broad, ef Snipes thes ound at the coming out. PRE on | Hawks Bells that haveholes i in the Ged give a preater — thanif the
| the firftinftance of'the Trunck .: Namely, for thar the Sound, enclofed j with the fides of the Bell, conieth forth at the holes unfpent and mote | | {tron x Drums , the dateriefs round about, “that preferveth the: Soxndll | from di(perfing , maketh the noife come forth at the Dium-hole, far} | | more loud and ftrong, than if you fhould firike upon the like skin, ex- | | tended in the vt Air.. The caufe is the fame with the two en i dent. ! Seunds are better heard, and: further off in an Eveninl or inthe Night, | | cian at the Noon or inthe Day.’ The caufe is, for that in the Day, whenthe} Air is more thin (no.doubt) theSound pierceth better; but when the Air is | | more thick (as.inthe Night) the Sound {pendeth and fpredeth abroad lefS 5} | and fo it isa degree of Enclofure. As for the night, i it is true alfo, that the | | general filencehelpeth, solani
| alfo diftin&ly ; of which, wefhall fpeak hereafter. ‘The other in Coneur- |
Hanged. -The Strings of a Lute, or Viol; or SareinBiy do give afar ercater Sounds
tet reafon of the Knot, and Board, and Concave underneath, than if there} | were nothing but onely the Flat of a Board, without that Hollow and Knot, |
| to let in the upper Air into the lower. The caufe is, the Communicationof| |
| the upper Air with pasioues: and: ayes of both from expence or difper-| |
An Trifh Has hese open na on both ileal of the Strings; ; andi hath | | | the Concave or Belly, not a long the Strings, but at the end of the Strings. } [|
| which have likewife Wireeftrings. 1 judge the caufeto be, for that open Air}
| on both fides helpeth, fo that there bea Cones ; iets is thenetaey beft } | placed atthe end. | Ina Virginal, when the Lidis dows it indicts amore cevila Sond th
thereis no competent Vent, dampeth the Sound; which, indians | wife the former inftance : Forshe Satis of the Lute, or Viol, dace } Airfomewhat. iw anol aeawllayes bebo eee ae
aay oe, iy | wi i
“ ‘
) Ceatmry TT.
-- th raat _. There.isa Churchat Glocefler, (and as I have heard, the likeis infomé | } other places) where if you {peak againft a Wall foftly, «another fhall hear |
| Jarly of the fame of that place. I fuppcfe there isfome Vault, or Hollow, | Jorlile, behinde the Wall, and fome paflage to it, towards the further end of | | chat Wall againft which you {peak : So as. the voice of him that {peaketh | | flideth along the Wall, and then entreth at fome paflage, and communi- | cateth with the Air of the Hollow ; for it is prelerved fomewhat by the plain Wall; but that is too weak to give a Sound audible; tillit hath com- muunicated with the back Air. vin the Strike upon a Bow-ftring, and lay the Horn of the Bow near your Ear,
_ | and it willincreafe theSound, and make adegree of a fone. Thecaufeis | forthat the fenfory, byreafon of theclofe holding ispercufled, before the _ | Air difperieth. Thelike is, if you holdthe Horn betwixt your Teeth. But | thatisaplain Dilation of the Sound, from the Teeth tothe /nffrument of Hear.
‘ | ing 5 forthereis a great entercourfe between thofe two parts, as appeareth | by this, that a arth grating Tunefetteth the Teeth onecdge. "The like « | falleth out,if the Horn of the Bowbe put uponthe Temples; but that is but
| the flide of the Sound from thence to the ear.
| if youhad ftrack, itwould make alittle. flatnoife in the Room whercit was “Mtruck; but it would make a great bomb inthe Chamber beneath. .
5 | © The found which is made by Buckets ina Well, when they touch upon | the Water, or when they ftrike upon the fide of the Well; or when two | | Buckets dafh the one againft the other. Thefe Soundsare deeper and fuller, _ than if the like Percuflion were made in the open Air. ‘The caule is the i penning and enclofure of the Air in the Concave of the Well,
. | Barrels placed in a Room under the Floor of aChamber, makeall
: f
“noifesin the fame Chamber more fulland refounding. A | Sothatthere be five ways (ingeneral) of ¢Majoration of Sounds, Enclofure | Simple, ¢ nclofwre inthe Dilatation, Communication, Reflexion, Concurrent, and Ap- | : proach tothe Senfory. | z i | For Exility of the Voice, or other Sounds: Itis certain, that the Voice | _ doth pals chorow folid and hard Bodies, if they be not too thick; and thorow | Water, which is lixewife avery clofeBody, and fuch anoneas letteth not | in Air. Butthenthe Voice or other Sound is reduced, by fuch paflagetoa | great weaknefsorexility. If therefore you ftopthe Holesof a Hawks Bell, |} it will makeno ring, but aflat noifé orrattle. And fodoth the ~Ztities or Eagles Stone, which hatha little ftone withinit.. . } ; Andas for Watersitisa certain Tryal: Letamangointo a Bath, and . take a Pajl and turn the bottom upward; and carry the mouth of it (even) down to the level of the Water, and fo prefs it down under the | Water fome handful and an half, ftill keeping it even, that itmay not tile
' oneither fide, and fo the Airgetout: [hen lethim thatis in the Bath, dive E 2 with a — een
Wie ¢
’
¥ y 7 ‘ ee ’ fs _ ——o ¥ a <
[ 39
| your voice better a good way off, than near hand. Inquire more pariicu- ;
14%.
Sajbvsnhosneseneesuninacgiiinahd
149.
150.
15 2.
153.
‘154.
ie on a ll eee Natural Fiftory ;
. with hig head ® far under Water, as he may-put his head Fito thePall, and at
| there will come as much Air bubbling forth , as will make room (for t ‘ 5 head. Then let him fpeak, and any that fhall ftand without, fhall heat hi voice plainly, but yet made extream fharp and exile, like the Veicba4 Puppets: But yerthe Articulate Sounds of the words will nor be confound.| ed. Note, that it may be much more handfomly done, if the Pail be ptt} over the Mans head above Water, and then he cowre down, » and the’ Pail be prefied down withhim. Note, that aman nut kneél of fir,*thar he may be lower than the Water. A man would think, that the Sici-) lian Poct had knowledge of this Experiment; for he faith, that Herciles’s | Page Hyla went with a Water-pot, to fill it ata pleafant Fountain that was | | near the fhore, and that the Nymphs of the Fountain fell in love with the | Boy, and pulled him under the Water, keeping him alive ; and that Her- | cules mifling his Page, called him byhis name aloud, that all the fhore rang | of it; and that Hylas from within the Water anfwered his Matter; but (that | which is to the prefent purpofe) with fo {mall and exile a voice, as Hercules | ’ thought he had been three miles off, when the Fountain (indeed ) was. fatt by.
‘In Lutes and Inftruments of Strings, if you ftop a ftting high, where by ithath lefs cope to tremble, the Sound is more Trebble, but yet more | dead.
Taketwo Saweers, and ftrike the edge of she one againft the bottom | of theother, within a Pail of Water, and you fhall finde that as you put | the Sawcers lower and lower, the Sound groweth more flat, even while | part of the Sawcer isabove the Water; but that flatnefs of Sound is joyned |] with aharfhnefs of Sound, which, no doubt, is caufed bythe inequality of}
the Sound, which cometh from the part of the Sawcer under the Water, and | | from the part above, But whenthe Saweer is wholly under the Water, the : | found becometh more clear, but far more low, and asif the found came { | from a far off. ota | A foft body dampeth the found, much more than a hard} cand if a Bell | | hath cloth ‘or filk wrapped about it, it deadeth the found mote than if it were i Wood. Andtherefore in Clericals, the Keyesare lined, and in paige they | | ufero linethe Table-men. ir Tryal ‘was made i ina Ravinia): after thefe (deeral manners. The bonetiile | of ic was et againft the Palm of the Hand, flopped with Wax round about, | | fet againft a Damask Cufhion, thruft into Sand, into Afhes, into Water, | q | (half an‘inch under'the Water) clofe to the bottom of a Silver Bafin, | ‘and ‘{tilk the Tone’ remained: But the bottom of it» was fet againit] ” |a Woollen Carpet, a Lining of Plufh, aLock of Wool, (though loofly| | put in) againtt Siow , and the found of it was quite Siar and but] breath: foie hea 3 : Tron Kofproduterh not fo fall afound, aswheni itis cold} for while itis | . | hor, it appeareth to be more foft, and lefs refounding. Solikewite warm Wa- | ter, wheniit faileth’ maketh not fo full afound as ccld; and I conceive itis | fofter, and nearet the nature of Oy! se itis more aig ed ri | ceived, ia thatic (cowreth better. Let there be a‘\Recorder made with two Fipples at sc ‘il one ; “He | Trunck' Of it of thelength of two Recorders, andthe holes an(werable t0- | wardseach'end, and let ‘two play ‘the fame Leflon upon ‘injzatvan Unifor ef {and tet. it be noted ," ‘whether the found be confounded, ‘or amplified; | ‘dulled. * BAY. likewite’ ‘Jet a oo fs a a two Truncks {dhorowe _hollo'
“|
F ‘hollow j j and let two {peak or fing, Uiac one long ways. the other traverte. | And let two hearatthe oppofite ends; and notc, whether the Sound be { ‘confounded, amplified, or dulled. Which, twoin{tances will allo givelight 4 pe the mixture of Sounds, whereof we thal} {peak hereafter. A Bellows, blown into the hole of a Drum, and the Drum then th cucken, | maketh the Sound a little flatter, but no Other apparent altcracion. | The canfe is manifeft; partly for chat ir hindreth the iffue of the Sound ; q and partly for that it maketh the Ait bring blown together, lefs OWE | able. He eh ‘and Softnels of Sgunds, isa thing diftinG from the Mag- nitude and Exility of Sounds; for a Bafe-firing, though foftly Qrucken, Be slosh the greater Sound; but a Lvebble.firing, if hard ftrucken, will be heard much further off. And the caufe is, for that che Bape fring ftriketh | more Air; andthe Trebble lefs Air, but with a fharper percuffion,
“Tr is therefore the ftrength cf the Percuflion, that is a principal caufe of the loudnefs or foftnefs of Sounds : As inknocking, harder or fofter ;
Windir :g of aHorn, ftronger or weaker ; Ringingof an Hand bcll, harder And the ftrengthof this Percuffion confifteth, asmuch or |
| or fotter, &c. | more, in the hardnefs of the Body percufled , as in the force of the Body | percuffing : For if you ftrike againtt a Cloth, it will give alefs (ound; if jagain{t Wood, a greater; if againft a Metal, yetagreater; and in Merals, ‘Tit you ftrike againit Gold, ( whichis the more ‘pliant ) it giveth the flatter ‘| found, if againtt Silver or Brafs, the more ringing found. As for Air, where | it is ftrongly pent, it matcheth a hard Body. And therefore we {ee in dif- P | charging of a piece, what a great noife ic maketh. We {ee allo, thacthe | Charge with Bullet, or with Papet wer, and hard ftopped; or with Pow-
4 ‘report.
4 loudnef:, as well as the ftrength : As in a Whip or Wand, if you ftrike ‘rhe Air withit, the fharper and quicker you ftrike it, the louder found “it ‘|giveth. And-in playing upon the Lute or Virginal s, the quick ftroke or ‘| touch is a great lifeto the Sound. ‘The caufe is, for that the quick ftrik- jing curteth the Air {peedily , whereas the foft ftrikipg , doth rather beat | than cut.
; He Communication of Sounds (as in Bellies of Lutes, empty Veflels, &c.) hath been touched obiter, in the Majoration of Sounds; Buti is fitalfo to naka Title of it apart.
4 The Experiment, for greateft De smonfiration of Communication of }Souads, is the Chiming cf Bells; where, if you {trike with a Hammar “jupon the upper part, and then upon the midft, ana then upon the lower, .
| {you fhall findethe found to be more Irebble, and more Bale, according J unro the Concave on the infide, though the Percuflion be onely en the } ourfide. j When the Sound is created between the Blatt of the Mouth, and ip Air J of the Pipe, it hath neverthele(s {ome communication with the matter of the {fides of the Pipe, and the fpiritsin them contained : Forina Pipe or Trum-
Eo 3 with
{horter diffance.
| der alone rammed ia hard, /Peaketh no great difference in meloudaels of the |
The fharpnefs or Sues of the Percuffion, is a great caufe of the |.
Sa of Woodand Brafe, the found will be diverfe; fo if the Pipe be covered
162.
ee bel Ex periments in Confort, touching the Loudne/s ox Softne/s of Sounds, and their Carriage at loager or
164,
Experiments in Confort, touching the Communicati- on of Sound.
166:
42
«168.
Experiments hin Confort
touching Equality and
| Inequality of
| Sounds,
169.
170,
171.
172.
173.
} cutteth the Air fo fharp
ph fi ee ee a Natural Hiftory ;
with Cloth or Silk, it will give a diverfe Sound from thatit would doo f i felf ; fo if the Pipe be a little wet on the infide; it will make a differirs Sound, fromthe fame Pipe dry. . (co. Qh That Sound made within Water,doth communicate better with a hard
Body thorow Water, than madein Air, it doth with Air. ‘ide Eppa m7 134. SAND ant
H . 7 os :
E have fpoken before (in the Inquifition touching Cirufick) of Mu fical Sounds, whereunto there may bea Concord or Dilcord in: two Parts ; which Soands we call Tones, and likewife of Immufical Sounds ; and have given thecaufe, that the Tone proceedeth of Equality, and the other | of Inequality. And we have alfo exprefled there, what are the Equal} Bodiesthat give Tones, andwhat arethe Unequal thatgive none. Burnow | we fhall {peak of fuch Inequality of Sounds, as proceedeth not from the Nature of the Bodiesthemfelves, but isaccidental, Either from the Rough- | nefsor Obliquity of the Paffage, or from the Doubling of the Percutient, }
or from the Trepidation of the Motion. | A Bellif it havea Rift init, whereby the found hath not a clearpaflage, | giveth a hoarfe and jarring found ; fo the Voice of Man, when by cold taken, the Wefil groweth rugged, and (as wecall it) furred, becometh | hoarfe. And in thefe two inftances, the Sounds are ingrate, becaufe they | are meerly unequal ; but if they be unequal inequality, then the Sound is Grateful, but Purling. 3 a: Te . Alb Jnftruments that have either Returns,as Trumpets ; orFlexions, as] Cornets; oraredrawnup,and putfrom, asSackbuts,have a Purling Sound 5} But the Recorder or Flute thathave none of thefe Inequalities, givea clear | Sound. Neverthelefs, the Recorderitfelf or Pipe, moifteneda little in the | infide, foundethmore folemnly, and with alittle Purling or Hifling. Again, | a Wreathed String, fuch as are in the Bafe Strings of Bandoraes, giveth alfo} aPurling Sound. © | ft LutaLute-ftring, if ic be meerly unequal in his parts, giveth aharfh |” and untuneable Sound, which ftrings we call falfe, being bigger in one} place, thanin another ; and therefore Wire-ftrings are neverfalfe. Wefee| alfo, that when We try a falfe Lute-ftring, weufe to extend it hard between | the Fingers, and to fillip it; and if itgivetha double fpecies, it is trues but} if it giveth a trebbleormore, it is falfe. i ae Waters, inthe noife they make as they run, reprefent tothe Ear a] trembling noife ; and in Regals (where they have a Pipe, they call the} Nightingale-Pipe , which containeth Water) the Sound hath a continual} trembling. And Children have alfo little things they callCocks, which} have water inthem; and when they blow, or whiftle inthem, they yield] a trembling noife; which Trembling of Water, hath an affinity withthe} LetterL. Allwhich Inequalitics of Trepidation, arerather pleafant, than | otherwife. sigh All Bafe Notes, or very Trebble Notes, give an Afper Sound ; for that} the Bafeftriketh more Air, than it can well ftrike equally; andthe Trebble | , asit returneth too {wift, tomake the Sound equal ;| andtherefore a Mcan or Tenor is the fweeteft part. ce We know nothing, chat can at pleafure make aMufical or Imm | Sound, by voluntary Motion, butthe Voiceof Man and Birds. ‘Theca (no doubt) in the Wefil or Wind-Pipe, (which we call Aferia Arter
'
:
Se ati te 5 ‘ inh bape ‘i Asya a YY RE ET RT Pe Cab 20 Eanes 240
.
ar,
/more in Tones, than in Speech; therefore the inward voice or whifper, | can never give a Tone. And in finging, there is (manifeftly) a greater
_ | working and labor of the Throat, than in {peaking as appeareth in the
thrufting out, ordrawing in of the Chin; when we fing: Cais The Humming of Bees is an unequal buzzing, and is conceived by fome ofthe Ancients, not tocome forth at their’Mouth, but to bean inward Sound ; but (it maybe) itis neither, but from the motion of their Wings ; for ic is not heard, but when they ftir. ‘|. All Metals quenchgd in Water, give a fibillation orhiffing found (which | hath an affinity with the LetierZ.) notwith{tanding the Sound be created | between the Water or Vapor, andthe Air. Seethingalfo, if therebe but _ | fenall ftoreof Water in a Veffel, givetli a hifling found; but boyling in a | full Veffel, givetha bubbling found, drawing fomewhat near to the Cocks ufed by Children. vee ne fryal would be made, whether the Inequality, or interchange of the Medium, will not produce an Inequality of Sound ; as.if three Bells were _ | made one within another, and Air betwixt each; and then the outermoft ~ 1 Bell were chimed with a Hammer, how the Sound would differ from a ‘}fimple Bell. So likewifetakea Plate of Brafs, anda Plank of Wood, and _jjoynthem clofe together, andknock upon one of them, and f{ecif theydo | not givean unequal Sound. » So make yo or three Partitions of Wood in | a Hogthead, with holes or knots in'them; and mark the difference of their found, from the found of an Hogfhead; without fuch partitions.
| L is evident, that the Percuffion of the greater quantity of Air, caufeth the bafer Sound; and the lefs quantity, themoretrebble Sound. |The Percuflion of the greater quantity of Air, is produced by thegreatnefs of | the Body percuffing; by the Latitude of the Concave, by which the Sound | paffeth, and by the Longitude of thefame Concave. Thereforewefee,that a Bafe-ftring is greater thanaTrebble; a Bafe-pipehath agreater borethan _|aTrebble: And in Pipes, and the like, the lower the Note holesbe, and the "| fartheroff fromthe Mouth of the Pipe, themore Bafe found they yield; | and the nearerthe Mouth, the more T'rebble. Nay more, if you ftrike an Jentire Body, asan Andiron of Brafs, at thetop it maketh a more Trebble | foand, and at the bottom a Bafer.
Itis alfo evident, that the fharperor quicker Percuffion of Air, ‘caufeth |
| themoreTrebble found ; and the flower or heavier, the more Bafe found. | Sowefee inStrings, the more they are wound up and {trained (andthereby _ | give amore quick fart back): he more Trebble isthe found ; and the flacker | they are, or lefs wound up, the Bafer is the found. | Andtherefore abigger String more ftrained, anda leffer String lefs{trained, may fall into the fame } Tone. F | — Children, Women, Eunuchs, haye more fmall and fhrill Voices than Men. | the reafon is, not for that Men have greater heat, which may make the | voice ftronger, (for the ftrength of a Voice or Sound, doth make adifference J in the loudnefs orfoftnefs, but not'in the Tone) but fgom the dilatation of } the Organ, which (itis true) is likewife caufed byhéat ; butthe caufe of | changing thevoice atthe years of puberty,is moft obfcure. Itfeemeth tobe 4 for that, when much of the moifture of the Body, which did beforeirregate
|\which being well extended, gathered ‘equality 3 bas wa Bladder that is | wrinckled, if it be extendedsbecometh {mooth.. The extenfion is always,
the
178.
Experiments {
in Confort, touching the more Trebble, and the more - Bafe Tones or Muficat Sounds.
181.
1§2.
183.
| Experimests in Confort,
| touchino the Proporsion of
Trebble and Bafe Tonese
184.
‘4 broughe to that extenfion as will give a Tone, and then of twice about, and}
| 44
{the String with the Finger; asin the ‘Necks of Lutes, Viols, &c. ‘Lhe
| the Parte: is drawn down to the Spermatical Wedlelsy | it sieve the ‘Boay more hot than it was; whence cometh the dilatation of the Pipes: Bor we} fee plainly all effeéts of Heat do then come on; as ero marereughys nels of the skin, hardnefs of the Aefh,&c. , heal The induftry of the c%ufitian, hath ptoduced two other means of Siainsi h
ing, or Jatenfion of Strings, befides their Winding up. The one is the Stopping of
i other is the Shortnef of the String; asin Harps, Virginals,&c. Both thefe} have one and the fame reafon, for they caufe the String togive a quickss . fart.
In the training of a String, the furcherit is {tugined, the lets firiteGcain. . ing goethtoa Note: Forit requireth good winding of a String, before it | will make any Note atall. And.in the ftops of Lutes, &c. the higher they | go, thelefs diftance is between the Frets. .
If you fill a Drinking Glaf with Water, (efpecially one fharp below, | and wide above) and fillip upon the Brim, or outfide;, and after, empty | part of the Water, and fomore andmore, and ftill try the Tone by fillip- ing; you fhall finde ae Tone fall, . and be more Bale as the. Glas i is mere ‘
ka | yh & bre ia
— sani
He jut and meafured Proportion of the Air pctculieds tehvatdy the | Bafenefs or Trebblencfs of Tones, isone of the greateft fecretsinthe| ‘Contemplation of Sounds, For it difeovereth the true Coincidence of | Tones into Diapafons, which is the return of the fame Sound. And {6 of | the Concords and Difcords, betweenthe Unifon and Diapafon; which we | | have touched before in the Experiments of Mufick, but think fit to refume it | here asa principal partof our Inquiry, touching the Nature of Sounds. It may | be found outin the Proportion of the Winding of Strings, inthe Proportion | — | of the Diftance of Frets, and in the Proportion of the Come Bip, &e. | But moft commodicuily in the laft of thele. |
a 9 <
Try therefore the Winding of a S:ting once abous, as onan it is}
_| thrice about, &e. And mark the {cale or difference of the Rice of the Tone, |”
185.
186.
. then the great fecret of Numbers and iy Hie will sui wih
you muft diligently obferve, what length of String, or diftance of Stop, or) | !concaveof Air, maketh whatrife of Sound. As in the laft of thefe (which, F7| jas wefaid, is that which giveth the apreft demonftration) youmutt fet down |
whereby you fhall difcover in one, two cfreas; boththe proportion of the} | Sound towards the Dimenfion of the Winding, and the proportion likewife | of the Sound towards the String, as it is more or lefs ftrained, But notethat to meafure this, the way will be to take the length i in aright son of the Strings upon any. Winding about of the Peg. rt Asfor the Stops, you are to take the number of Erets, and pumeaall p! the length of theLine, from the firft top of the Sting, unto fuch alton. dl 4a fhall produce a Diapafon to the former ftop, upon the fame String. » t ~ Burit will beft (as it is faid) appear in the Bores of Wind- Luftruments ; ama ‘therefore caufe fome half dozen Pipes to bemade in length, and all things | celica like, witha fingle double, and fo one toafextupleBore; and fo mark | what fall of Tone every one giveth, Bur fill in thefe three Jatt inftances
whar increafe of Concave goeth to the making of a Note higher, an of two Notes, and what of three Notes, ‘and fo up to the Diapafon: -
a me |
‘
om Bor %
a ¢
<
~
Tone in an Interior Sound. but cnthe other fide, in an Exterior Sound, there
}rather than precifely diftinguifh them; though tomake fome adumbration | of (that we mean) the Interior, ‘is rather an Impulfion or Contufion of
one towards the other, differeth ava Blow differech from aCut.
Ps
| moveth withinitfelf, or is blown by a Bellows, givetha murmur oF, Interior
| Sound.
! Ise is radi? and itis’ one’éf the ftrangeft fecrets in Sbuinds ; hid ie
| ing a Note towards the Sound it felf, which is the Paflive ; and thar it ‘}be not toonear, but at a diftance : For ina Recorder, the three upper- | moft holes yield one Tone; which isa Notelower thin the Tone of the -|firtthree. Andthe'like (no doubt) is required in the winding or ftopping } of putings, s na |
tip,) whether it bd lenides or fofter, is an Interior Sound ; bur the Speak. Jing out, isan Exterior Sound: And therefore « you can never make a Tone, }nor fing in Whifpering; but in Speech you may. So Breathing, or Blow- Jing by the Mouth, Bellows, or Wind (though loud) is an Interior Sound,
} but the blowing thorow 4 Pipe, or Concave (though foft) is an Exterior. {So likewife, the greateft Winds, if they have no coatétation, or blow not | hollow, give any Interior Sound; the whiftling or hollow Wind, yieldeth fa finging » ot Exterior Sound ; the former being pent by fome other | | Body; the latter being pent in by his own Denfity: And therefore we fee,
an Exterior Sound, greater or leffer ; infomiich, as if tfic Percuffion be over-
| it never giveth an Exterior Sound ; as if you. blow ftrongly witha ae
ae in every fmall part of theAir, So thar all the curiows diverfity of Atriz
Century TTY | 45 | unlikely , thar thofe that make Recorders, &c. Kiow. dito already Po for that they make them in Sets. And likewile Bell-Founders in -ftting the. } cune of their Bells: So that enquiry may fave tryal. Surely, it hath been | obferved by one of the Ancients, that anempty Batrel knocked pos wi h BB ihcfinger, giveth a Diapafon to the Sound of the like Barrel full: But how thar fhouldbe, | do not well underltand, fer that the knocking of a Barrel | fullor empty, doth fcarce giveany Tone.
There is required tome fenfible difference in the Proportion of creat:
Experiments in Confort, touching Exterior and Interior ° Sounds.
Here is Hes difference of Souris which wewill cail Exterior and Interior. Ivis not Soft nor Loud ; noritisnot Bafe, rior Trebble ;_ nor itis not Aufical, nor Immufical, T Houweh it'be true, thar there can be no
may be both Mufical and Immufical. We fhall therefore enumerate them,
the Air, than an Eljfion or Section of thefame; foas the Percuffion of the
1
fi Speech of Man, the Whilpeting, ‘(which they call Sufrras i in wits
That when the Wind bloweth hollow, itis‘a fignof Rain; the flame,’as it
There is no hard Body, but ftruck againtt another hard Body, will yield |
| fof, irmay induce a nullity of found, but never an Interiot Sound; aS when pore treaderhfo foftly, that heis not heard. 2 * Where the Airis the Percutient, pent ornot pent, againfta hard Body;
againtt a Wail. “Sounds (both Exterior and Hater may be made a8 Well by sions! as b Sihiffion of the on _as in NA a sae .
2 BAS 10D 192. Experiments in Confort, | touching . | Articulations! of Sounds.
‘whole Sound is not inthe’ whole Air onely , but the whole Sound ‘is
culate
, , Pie OS yey oe
“oi - NOsthral Fifty, ican loundsof te veice of Mgavon ielop il aasiooaaa inconfufed. «4 - onion
> a +s noe 193- The unequal agitation of the Winds, and the like, thoughthey be ma- | terialtothe carriage of the Sounds, further or lefs way; yet cheydo not} confound the Articulation of them atall, within thacdiftance thattheycan } be heard, thoughit maybe, they make them tobe heard lefsyay, thanin | a ftill, as hath been partly touched. 4 daha I94- Over-great diftance confoundeth the Articulation of Sounds, as we | fee, that you may hear the found of a Preachers voice, or the like, when | you cannot diftinguifh what he faith. And one Articulate found will con- | _
| found another, as whenmany {peak at once. obi 195. In the Experiment of {peaking under VVater, when the voice is re- |
duced to fuch an extream exhility, yet the Articulate founds (whichare the. f
words) are not confounded, as hath been faid. end
195. I conceive that an extream fmall, or anextream great found, can- } 'not be Articulate, but that the Articulation requireth a mediocrity of | found: For that the extream {mall found confoundeth the Articulation
by contracting, and the great found by difperfing ; and although
( as was formerly faid) a Sound Articulate, already created, will be con- |
tracted into a fmall crany; yer the firft Articulation requireth more di- | menfion. i!
1
197. Te hath been obferved, that in a Room, or in a Chappel, Vaulted |
q q
|
below, and Vaulted likewife in the Roof, a Preacher cannot be heard fo |
well, asin thelike places not fo Vaulted. The caufe is, for that the fub- |
fequent words come on, before the precedent words vanifh; and there- |
fore the Articulate Sounds are more confufed,though the grofs of the Sound |
be greater. "CU a le
198. ~ Themotions of the Tongue, Lips, Throat, Palate, @c. which go to the |
making of the feveral Alphabetical Leters are worthy inquiry ,, and perti- }
nent to the prefent Inquifition of Sounds : But becaufe tney are fubtil and |
long to defcribe, we will refer them over, and place them amongft che |
Experiments of Speech. The Hebrews have been diligent in it, and have {_
affigned which Letters are Labial, which Dental, which Gustural, &e. As |
for the Latins. and Grecians, they have diftinguifhed between Semi-vowels 1
and Mutes; and incUates, between Mute Tenues, Media and Afpirare, not}
amifs, but yet not diligently enough. For the fpecial ftrokes and moti= | _
tions that create thofe Sounds, they have little enquired ; as that the
Letters, B. P.F. M. arenot expreffed, but with the contrading, or fhut- |
ting of the Mouth; thatthe Letters N. andB. cannotbe pronounced, but |
thatthe Letter N. will turn inio M.. asHecatonba will be Hecatomba. That}
M. and T. cannot be pronounced together, but P. will come between ; |
as Emus, is pronounced Empius, and a number.of the like : Sovthac if}
you enquire to the full, you will finde, that to the making of the whole ) Alphabet, there will be fewer fimple Motions required, than there are
_ a eetters, arial ak) ial 44> fea
199. The Lungsare the moft fpongy part of the Body,’ and therefore ableft
~~ | tocontracét and dilate it felf; and where it contraceth it felf, itexpell:
the Air, which thorow the Arie, Throat, and acouth, ‘maketh the Voice:
| But yet Arciculation is not made, but withthe help of the J ongue, Pallate,and the
2s : > sot
| reftof thofe they call Lnflruments of Veice.
C
Century was 47 | ° There is found a Similitude between the Sound thatismade by Inani-| 4.56 | mate Bodies, or by Animate Bodies, thathave no Voice Articulate ; and di- ae: ‘Tvers Letters of Articulate Voices ; and commonly Men have given fuch : | names tothofe Sounds as do allude untothe Articulate Letters. As Trem- | ‘| bling of Water hath refemblance with the Letter L. Quenching of Hot Metals }with theLetterZ. Swarling of Dogs withthe LetterR. The Noife of Sritch- | Owls with the Letters Sh. Voice of Cats with the Dipthong Eu. Voice of | Chacko s with the Dipthong Ou. — Sounds of Strings with the Letters Ng. So | thatif a Man (for curiofity or ftrangenefs fake) would make a Puppet, or | otherdead Body, to pronounce a word :, Lethim confider onthe one part, | the Motion of the Inftruments of Voice ; and onthe other part, thelike Sounds | made in Inanimate Bodies ; and what Conformity there is, that caufeth the | Similitude of Sunds; and bythat he may minifter light tothat effe&,
NATURAL
Fes § ; . a | t ‘ | . y i " s y 4 = a Fy 5 ? * ’ ; o , ; v ; = 6 a oe i XN
eX
ee ee ae
4 PES, ee “ot te 2 Svs ols div yeild .
‘og “ J "i . ¥ qi
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Experiments in Confort, touchingthe Motions of ‘Sounds, in what Lines they are Cir- cular, Oblick,
We =I" allfides, Upwatds, Downwards, Forewards, and Back- TGA GSc | wards: Thixappedteth inallInitances. | Vy past?
.--.<>
(> "* Souhds'do notrequite 16 be conveighed to thé Senfe WY inaripht Line, as iibtes do,but may be atched, though pe’ it be true they move ftrongeft in aright Line ; which ' neverthelels' is not cauled bythe rightnefs of the Line, but bythe fHortnefs of thediftance. Linearettea bre vi/h- wards, For-
fide, v owhear itontheother; whichisnot b caufe the foundpaffeth thorow |774n 2"
the Wall, but arched over the Wall. aie 20d If the Sound be ftoppedandrepercuffed, it cometh about onthe other} 203.
| fide, inan oblick Line: So, if ina Coach, one fide of the Boot bedown, and
_|theotherup, and a Begger beg on theclofe fide, you would thinkthat he |
| the South.
were onthe open fide. So likewife, if a Bell or Clock, be (for example) on the Nosth-fide of a‘Chamber, and the Window of that Chamber be
upon the South ; he thatis in the Chamber, will think the found came from
Sounds, though they {pred round, fo that (there is an orb, or fpherical 204. cAtea of the Sound) yer they move ftrongeft, and go furtheft in the Fore- Lines, fromthefir.t Local Impulfion of the Air. And therefore in Preach-
"| iag, you fhall heat the Preachets voice better before the Pulpit thanbe-
7
wards. Julpisare placed high above the people: And when the Ancient ||
indeit, oron the fides, though it {tand open. So a Aarquedux or Ordnance |.
| willbe further heard forwards, from the mouth of the Piece, than back-
Mammmrorticiics: ‘sake ard Had tI It may bedoubred, that Sounds domovebetterdownwards, thanup-| 206.
Generals | —!
Straight, Vip-| . wards;>Downas
NCatural Hiftory ; Generals {pake to their Armies , “they” had ever a Mount of Turff ar ie where upon they ftood. But this may be imputed tothe ftops and obftacles | which the voice mecteth with, when one fpeaketh upon the level. But there feemeth tobe more init 3 for ic maybe, that Spiritual Species, both ‘| things vifible, and Sounds, do move better downwards than upwards... It is} a ftrange thing,, that 1o Men ftanding below onthe ground, thoféthat béon the top of Pauls, feem much icfsthanahey:are, and cannot be Known :° ‘Bu ‘to Men above chite below, feem nothing fo much leffened, and may bel known 3 yeritis true, Thar all’ things to them above, feem alfo- fomewhat contraéed and better collected into figure ; as Knots in Gardens thew be 4) from an upper Window or Tarras.
But to make an exaéttryal of it, let a Man ftand in a Chamber, not | muchabovethe Ground, and {peak out at the Window thorow “pee L one ftanding onthe Groundas {oftly ashe can, the other laying his Ear clofe | ‘to the Trtnck: Then Viayerfa, let the other {peak below keeping the fame | proportion of foftnefs; and let him in the Chamber lay his Ear tothe Tiunek. | ‘| And thisemay bethe apteft means to make a Jokemene whethed Pounds i defcend Or afcend better. :
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206.
are
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Frer that Sound is created ratiiee isina moment) we fndes it continueth ns fomefmall time, melting by little and little. “In this there is awonder- ful error amongft Men, who take this to be a continuance of the firft Sound ; whereas (in truth) itis 2 Renovation, and notaContinuance: Forthe Body f percuffed, hath by reafon of the Percuffion, a Tripidation wrought in the mi- | _ roubing the | HUtE parts, and foreneweth the Percuffion of the Air, This appeareth aime thcy ve- || manifeftly, becanfe that the Melting found of a Bell, or of a ftring ftrucken, | es whichis thought to beaCGontinuance, ceafeth as foon asthe Bell orftcing, are} Delation, couched. As ina Virginal, as oon as ever the Jack falleth, and toucheththe | firing, the found ceafeth; and ina Bell, after youhave chimed uponit, if you | touch the Bell, the found ceafeth, And inthis you mutt diftinguith, that there : | are two Trepidations , The one Manifeft and Local; as of the Bell, whenir| is Penfile ; the other Secret, of the Minute parts, fuch as is defcribed inthe | _ j ninth Inftance. Butitis true, that the Local helpeth the Secret greatly.. Wel 't fee likewife, thatin Pipes, and other Wind Inftruments, the found laftethno | , _-} longer thanthe breath bloweth. Itistrue, thatin Organs there is aconfuled | — ‘ «| murmur fora while, after youhave played, but that is but while theBellows | arc.in falling. _ a
207. 4 Experiments | in Confort, | touching the Lasting and Perifhing of
Sounds; and
It is certain, thatin the noife of great Ordnance, where many are fi : -off together, the found will be carried (atthe leaft) twenty miles upon the} Land, and much further upon the Water, burthen it willcometo the Ear; not in the inftant of the fhooting off, burit will come an hour, or more later :} A This muft needs bea Continuance of thefirt Sound; forthereisno ape : _ | dation which fhould renew-itr. And the touching Et the Ordnance would | { nor ‘extinguith the found the fooncr: So that in Braet Sounds, the Contiau- | a anceismorethan Momentany. iit To try exadtly the time entiban Sound i is Selased) ‘Let a Man ftand in Steeple; and have withhim a Taper ,. and let fome Veil be put before t | Taper, and let another Man ftand inthe Field a mile off; then Jet him in t Steeple ftrike the Bell, and in the fame inftant withdraw the Veil, and fo. |‘him in the Field tell by hisPulfe, what diftance of time there is betweent |! ct feen, and the Sound ire 3 For it is certain. 5 ‘That the elite on
208.
209,
Be ois aa ay 4
.
Lightis inaninftant. This may be tried in far greater diltances, allbwing | | greater Lights and Sounds. » nko su OM en ee ~~ lis generally knowniatid obferved) that Light ahd the object of Sight, | 210. | move {fwifter than Sound; for wefee the flath of'a piece is (eed {Sdner, | thanchenoifeisheard. And inhewing Wood, ifone {ome diftance’ off, He’ 7 fhall fecthe Arm lifted up fora fecond ftroke, before he hearthe noife of the | firft ; and thegreatet the diftance,the greater is the preventién: As we feci } Thander,whichis far off, where the Lightning precedeth the crack a good {pace. + ‘ Colours, when they reprefent themfelves tothe Fye,faderiornér melt} 211. | not by degrees, butappear ftill in the fame ftrength ; but Sounds melt, and vanifh, by little and little’ The caufe is, forthat Colours participate nothing with the motion of the Air, but Sounds do. Anditisa plain argunent that } Sound participatcth of fome Local Motion of the Air, (as acaufe Sine gud | non) in that it perifheth fo fuddenly : For inevery Se@ion, or Impulfion of ‘| the Air, the Air doth fuddenly reftore and reunite ir felf, which the Water | alfodoth, butnothing fofwifly, = ae : N the Tryals of the Paflage, or not Paffage of Sounds, you muft take heed. | Experiments I you miftakenotthe paffing by the fidesot aBody, for the paffing thorow |"° nal aBody; aid therefore you muft make the Intercepting Body very clofe ; | pafzge and for Sound will pafs thorow a {mall chinck. Me Ot PTE Where Sound paffeth thorow a hard, or clofe Body (as thorow Water, of ae = | thorow a Wall, thorow Metal, asin Hawks Bells ftopped, &c.) the hard ie or clofe Body, muftbe but thin and fmall; for elfe it deadeth and extinguifh- éth the Sound utterly. And therefore, in the Experiment of Speaking in | Air under W ater, the voice muft not be very deep within the Water,for then the Sound pierceth not. So if you fpeak on the further fide of a clofe Wall, ifthe Wall bevery thick,you fhallnot be heard ; andifthere were an Hogs- } head: empty;* whereof the fides were fome two footthick, and the Bung- hole ftopped. “I conceive, the refounding found bythe Commudication of the outward Air withthe Ar within, would belittle or none, but onely you ‘fhall hear the noife of the outward Knock, asif the Veflel were full. itis certain,that in the paflage of Sounds thorow hard Bodies, the Spirit | 313. or Pneumatical part of thehard Body it felf dothco-operate ; but much ‘better, when the fides of that hard Body are ftruck, than when the percufli- Jon isonely within, withouttouch of the fides. Take therefore a Hawks-Bell, | the holes {topped up, andhang it by athred within a Bottle-Glafs, and {top the Mouth of the Glafs very clofe with Wax,and then fhake the Glafs,and fee. whether the Bell give any Gund at all, or how weak? But note,that you muft inftead of Thredtakea Wire, or elfe let the Glafs haveagreat Belly, left } when you fhake the Bell, itdafh upon the fidésof theGlafs. } iktisplain thataverylong anddownright arch for the Sound to pafs, will extineuifh the Sound quite, fo that that Sound, which would be heard ees Wall, will noe beheard over aChurch; northat Sound, which will | boheard, if you ftand fome diftance from the WVall, will be heard if you ftand clofe under the VVall. ain | _« So'tand Foraminous Bodies inthe firft'creation of the Sound, will dead ity for the ftrikingagainft Cloth or Fur,will make little found, as hath been | faid: But in the paflage of the found, they will admit itbetcer than harder. odies,as we fee, that Curtainsand Hangings will not ftay the found much; | bur Glafs windows, if they be very clofe, will check a found more, than the |like thickiefsof Cloth. VVe fee alfo intherumbling of the Belly, how } ly the'Sound pafleththorow theGuts and Skin. eo: : IA meses |
ie a
217.
touching the Medium of ‘Sounds.
| 218
219»,
229..
Experiments in Confort, what the Ft- gures of tbe Pipes or Con- cavesy orthe Bodies diffee rent, conduce 's0 the Sounds.
222.
Experiments in Confort, -
| may be)that will fomewhat dead the Sound.
‘| difturbance, the noifethatthe Flamcit felt maketh. x
‘Sound pafleth: As Straight, Crooked p Angular, Circular, Gre. oth
tally, the ftraight Line hath the cleanelt and roundett Sound, and the sro 00) the more Hoarfe, and Jarring-
buuite Likewife ofa Pipe meds Hs AS Eat pins ai hie midis and f
Gand pl IR poh. - a Ve sa
ja amis —“Kand Bil,
. Tee ‘worthy the inquiry, whether great Sounds ( as of. Ordnance-ot 1 Bells) become not more Weak and Exile, when they. pafs chorow fax all | ‘Cranies.. For the Subtilties: of: Articulate Sounds, (it may. be). may pals 7 thorow {mall Cranies, not confufed bp the magnitude of the cenenteny ha? not. fo well. PAS ) 4rnoda
Tooele tae
He ¢ Mediums Fs ae are es foft and porous Bade alfo Water, | andhard Bodies refufe not altogether to be Mediums of Soinidte’ Bus. all ‘Ot them arc dull and unapt differents, tS CAPE the Air. aha j
255 yd Jewe
[n_ “Air, théthinner or drier Air, carricth rc Sontid Sorektla lasithe | more dente 5 ; as appeareth in Night: Sounds, and Evening Sounds; and} ‘Sounds in moift Weather, and Southern Winds. The reafon is. already’ | ‘mentioned in the Title of c%ajoration of Sounds; being, for thar thim Air isch better pierced, but thick Air preferveth the Sauna better from watte: Let | further Tryal be made by hollowing in Mifts, and gentle Showers 3. fongit 1 we
‘How far forth Flame may be a Medium of Sounds, (elpaneale of feck 1 Sounds as are created. by Air, and not berwixt hard Bodies) let it be’ trisd | in fpcaking, wherea Bonefire is between; bur thenyou mu allow for fome f.
Whether any other Liquors being made (4ediums, cauta diverfi ity, of | Sound from Water, it may be tryed: As by the knapping of the Tongs, er} ftriking the bottom of a Veffel filled either with Milk or with Oyls} which though they be more light, yet are they more unequal Bodies than p Ait.
of the Natures of the Mediums, we have z a0 fpoken; as far the Difpot,| tion of the faidMediums,, it doth confit in the Penning, or not Penning \ of the Aix ; of which, we have fpoken before in the Title of Delation of }
Sounds. % confifteth alfo inthe Figure of the Concave, sheers wbiolne is paffeth. Of which, we will (peak mex.
He. the Figures of Pipes ox Concaves, through eagle Sorts, pals , » of off
other Bodies different ; conduce to the variety and alteration of the } Sounds, either in re{pect of the greater quantity, or lefs quantity of Air, | | which the Concaves receive ; -or in refpedt of the carrying of Soundslomger |) or fhorter way 5 Or in re(pedt of many other Circum@ances, they havebeen: | touched, as falling into other Titles. But thofe figures which we now are | to fpeak Of, We intend to be, as they concern the Lines, through whieh | | The Figure of a Bell partaketh of the Pyramie, but yet copaing off, and | dilating more fuddenly. The Figare of a Eunsers Edorn, and Cornet,is oblick, y they have likewife ftraight Horns; which if they be of rhe fame bore. itt the oblick, differ little in Sound, fave that the ftraight require fomewhat a ftronger blaft, The Figare of Recorders, and Flutes, and Pipes, are Sent but the Recorder hath a le(s bore, anda greater, above andbelow. The 7 ramper hath the Figare of the Lester S. which maketh that Purling Sound, &e. Gene-4
Of 4 Sinuous Pipe that may oe fome fout Flexions, eeyal: wonld
an
Bo ely ges ae eT Li. 5) SERRE tii
Century LLL, AISI SIRE RED «ltl AA TONE aR |likewife of an Angular Pipe; and fee what will be the effects of thefe feverai jSounds. And fo again of a Circular Pipe : As if you take a Pipe perfedt
{round, and make a hole whercinto you fhall blow, and anotherhole not _}far from that; bur with a traverfe or {top between them : So that your | breath may go the, Round of the Circle, and come forth at the fecond hole. ) You may try likewife Percuffions of folid Bodies of feveral Figures : As 4 Globes, Flats, Cubes, Croffes; Triangles, éc. And their Combinations + as Flat | againft Flas, and Convex againtt Convex, and Convex againtt Flat, &'c. And mark | well the diverfities of theSounds. Try alfo-the difference in found of feve- _| ral Graffitudes of hard Bodies percuffed, and take knowledge of the diver-
‘fities of thefounds. I my felf have tried, That a Bell of Gold yieldeth an ex- | gellentfound, not inferior to that of Silver or Braf, but rather better, Yer
F | money of Silver. ?
The Harp hath the concave, notalong the ftrings,butacrofs the ftrings ; | and no Jnftrument hath the found fo melting and prolonged, as the Irifh Harp. | So asl fuppoie, that if a Virginal were made with a double Concave; the } one allthelength as the Virgmal hath, the other at the end of the ftrings, as | the Harp hath; it muftneeds make the found perfecter, and not fo fhallow,
{and jarring. You maytry it without any Sound-board along, but onely _| Harp.wife, at one endof the ftrings; or laftly, with adouble concave, at _| each end of the ftrings one. :
| rere is an apparent. diverfity between the Species Vifible and Audible, in ‘Z this. That the Vifitle doth not mingle inthe CMedium, but the CAudible
| doth. For if we look abroad, we fee Heaven, a number of Stars, Trees, | Hills, Men, Beafts, atonce; andthe Speciesof the one, doth not confound | the other: But if fo many Sounds come from feveral parts, one of them | would utterly confound the other. So we fee, That Voices or Conforts of
| CMafick, do make aharmony by mixture, whichColours donot, Ir is true | neverthelefs, that a great light dtowncth a{maller, that it cannot be {een ; ‘ | And I fuppofe likewife, that if there were two Lanthorns of Glafs, the | one a Crimfin, andthe other an Azure, and 2 Candle within either of |} them, thofe coloured lights, would mingle andcaft upon a White Paper, a
| Purplecolour. Andevenin colours, they yield a faint and weak mixture ; | for White Walls make rooms more lightfome, than Black, &c. But the ; | caufe of the Confufion in Sounds, andthe Inconfufionin Species Vifible, is,
33
_ | we fee that a piece of money of Gold, fourdeth far more flat than a piece of |
223,
224. Experiments in Confort, touching the Mixture oF
Sounds,
| as the Sun that of aGloworm, as well asa great found drownctha leffer, |
| For that the Sight workethinright Lines, and maketh (everalCones; and |
| fo there can be no Coincidencein the Eye, or Vifuai Point: But Sounds that | move inoblick and arcuate Lines, muft needs encounter, and difturb the one - | the other,
4 The fweeteft and beft Harmony is, when every Pact or Inftrumentis i not heard by it felf, but a conflation of them all, which requireth ro ftand _| fome diftance off. Evenas it isinthe mixture of perfumes, or the taking of _j thefmells of feveral Flowers in the Air. .
‘ isa Thedifpofition of the Air, in other qualities; except it be joyned with | Sound, hath no great operation upon Sounds - For whether theAir be _|lightfome or dark, hot or coldg quiet or ftirring, (except it be with noi/e) | fweet-fmelling, orftinking, orthe like; itimporteth not much. Some petty _ | alteration or difference it may make, :
]
Fz: But
er |
226.
—— Natural Hiflory 5
ButSounds do difturb and alcer the one the other: Sometimes theone. drowning the other, and making irnotheard; fometimes the one jarring and difcording with the other,and making a confufion ; fometimesthe one ming- ling and compounding with the other, andmaking an harmony. ~ cedhetindl
Two Voices of like loudnefs, will not be heard twice as far, asone of| themalone; and two Candlesof like light, will nor make things feemtwice | as far off, as one. Thecaufe is profound, but itfeemeth, that the Imprefii- | ons from the objets of the Sentes, domingle refpedively, every one with| his kindes but not in proportion, as is before demonftrated: And the reafon |
may be, becaufe thefirft impreflion, which is from Privative to Adve, (as
| from Silenceto Noife, or from Darknefs to Lighr,) is a greater degree, than} from le noife, to more noife, or from lefs light, to more light, And the | | reafon of that again may be, For that the Air, afterit hath received acharge, | doth not receive a furcharge, or greater charge, with like appetite, as it | doth the firftcharge. As for theincreafe of Vertue generally, what propor- | tion it beareth to the inereafe of the Matter, it is alarge Field, and tobe | handled by it felf. oo a
; 1
:
228. }
—
LL Reflexions Concurrent, do make Sounds greater ; but if the Body | A that createth, either the original Sound, or the Reflexion, be elean and | fmooth, it maketh them fweeter. Tryal may be made of a Lute or Vial, with the Belly of polifhed Brafs in{tead of Wood, We {ce, that evenin theopen | ‘Air, the Wire-ftring is fweeter than the firing of Guts. And we fce, thatfor Re- ' flexion, Warerexcelleth ; asin Muficknearthe Water, orin Eccho’s. eo
| in Confort, | touching
| Meluration of | Sounds,
It hath been tryed, that a Pipe, alittle moiftned on the infide, but yet fo as there be nodrops left, maketh a mote folemn found, thanif the Pipe weredry; but yet with afweetrdegree of Sibilation or Purling, as we touched | ; itbefore in the Title of Equality. ‘Vhe-caufe is, for that all things porous, be- | ing fuperficially wet, aid (as it were) between dry and wet, become alittle | ; more even and fmooth;. bur the Purling (which muft needs proceed of In-|_ | equality) I take to be bred between the fmoothnefs of the inward Sucface | of the Pipe whichis wet, andthereftof the Wood of the Pipe, unto which] | the wet cometh not, but it remaineth dry. | ae
In Frofly weather, (W7ufick, within doors foundeth.better; which may of be, by reafon not of the difpofition of the Air, but of the Wood or Stringof|. | the Inftrument, whichismade more crifp, and fo more porous and hollow; |
and we fee that Old Lutes found better than New, forthe famereafon : And fo]. do Luye-firings thathave been keptlong. > a oe
Sound is likewife meliorated by the mingling of open Air with pent Air |” Therefore tryal may-be made of aLute or Vial with a double Belly, making. another Belly with a knot over the firing; yet fo, as there be room enough | | for the firings, and room enough to play belowthat Belly. Tryal may be | alfo made of an Irish Harp; with aconcave on both fides, whereasit ufethto } haveit but on onefide. The doubrmay be, left itfhould maketoo much founding, whereby one Note would overtaké another, =
If you fing in the hole of a Drum, it maketlthefinging more { Ando I conceive it would,if it were a Song in Parts {ung into feveral Dr. and for handfomnets and-ftrangene(s fake,. it would not be amifs. to have: | Curtain between theplace where the Drums are, andthe hearers. teh bo 93 Ai _ > When afound is created in the Vind-7nfirament, betweenthe Breath a: | Air, ye: if thefound be communicate with a more equal Body of the
230.
eae b
231.
:
fe Anentemee: a —— =
Mi » - a a 5 ’ cn P ae cy ae # hae Oe ot Pe ¢ GS i aA ie Ky) " (galley INC Hine ik’ bs S08
SO ee ed Ue
_. an hii / 155° | fe melioraterh, the found.. For (no dobur) there mild bea differing Tound : ‘in a Trumpet or Pipe of Wood, and again, ina Trumpet or Pipe of Brafs. It were good to try Recorders and Hunters Horns of Brag, what the found would be. Sounds. are meliorated by the Intenfion of the Sente, wherethecommion| 235 1 Senfe is collected moftto the particular Senfe of Heating, and the Sight fut | pended: And therefore Sounds are{wecter, as well as greater, in the Night {| thani in the Day ; and} fuppofe, they are fweerer to blinde men, thanto | Y others: Anditis manifelt, that between fleeping and waking, cwhen all the au enfes are bound and fa(pended) Mufick is far (weeter than when one is fully ¥ a.
ee *
Tis a ring firange in Nature, when itis attentively confidered, How] 236, Children and {ome Birdslearn to imitate Speech. They take no mark ar | Experiments | allof the Motion of the Mouth of him that fpeaketh, for Birds areas well |i" vin 3 ‘| taughtinthe dark, as joaea The founds of Speech are very curious and nes S Vexquifite; fo one would think it were a Leffon hardtolearn. Ir is true, | Sounds, * thar it is done with time, and by little and little, and with many eflays and | proffers: But all this difchargeth not the wonder. It would make aMan ‘| think (though this, which wefhall fay, may feem exceeding ftrange) that | there is fome tran{miffion of Spirits, andthat the Spirit of the Teacher put ‘Jinmotion, fhould work with the Spitits of the Learner, a predifpofition to | offer to imitate, and fo to perfect the imitation by degrees. Bur touchin | Operations by Trantmiflions of Spirits (which isone of the higheft (ecrets in ‘| Nature) we fhall {peak in duc place, chiefly when we come to inquire of | |Amagination. But asfor Imitation, itis certain, That thereisin Mer, and | ‘| other Creatures, a predi(pofition to imitate. Wefee how ready Apes aad | _| Monkies are to imitate ali motionsof Man: And in the catching of Dor- “| trels, we fee how thefoolifh Bird playeth the Ape in geftures: And no Man} bY jaa effet) doth accompany with others, but he learneth (cre he is aware) | fome Gefture, or Voice, or Fafhion of the other. Bt InImitation of Sounds, that Man fhould be the Teacher, is no part of the ‘| matter: For Birds willlearn onc of another, and there isno reward by feed- | | | ing, or the like, given them for the imitation: And befides, you fhall have arrets that will not onely imitate Voices, bur Laughing, Knocking, Squeak- jive of a Door upon the BRIBES: or of a Cart. wheel, and (in effect) any other oife they hear. No Beaft can imitate the Speech piMan, but Birds onely:” For the Ape & lic fel, that isfoready toimitate otherwife, attaineth not any degree of imi-, 4 tation of Speech. Itistrue, that] have krowna Dog, that if onc howled # ee ear, he would fall a howling agreat while. Whar fhould bethe aptne(s | of Birds, incomparifon of Beafts, to imitate the Speech of Man, may be fur- Biber inquired. We fee that Beafts have thofe parts, which they count the be TV saftrumenss of Speech, (as Lips, Teeth, ee.) liker unto Manthan Birds. As for “|the Neck, by which the Throat pafleth, we {ce many Bealts have it for the |length, asmuchasBirds. ‘What better gorge or attire Birds have, may, be further inquired. The Birdsthat are knownto be {peakers, are Parrets, P P yes; | Fays, Daws; and Ravens : Of which, Parrets have an adunck Bill, but the j ceft nor. ’ _. Burl conceive, thatthe aptnefs of Birds isnot fo much inthe confor. a nity of rhe Organs of Speech, asin theirAttention. For Specch muttcome |:
joy Hearing and Learning ; and Birds give more heed, and mark Souids more
238.
a ar
240.
Exoeriments in Confort, touching the Ke flexion of
| Sounds.
BAL
| Lines,-cannot be fo guided. And therefore, we fee there hath not been |
2436
2445
(245.
more. Tate.
men that they hear. isp
| lefs it hath been tryed, thatone leaning overa Wellof Twenty five fathom |
Natural Hift more than Beafts ; becaufe naturally they are more delighted with them | and practife them more, as appearcth in their Singing. We feealfo, that |) thofe that teach Birds to fing, do keep them waking, to increafe their } attention. We fee alfo, chat Cock-Birds, amongft Singing-Birds, are ever } the better fingers, which may be, becaufe they are more lively, and liften |
ory A |
| | Labor and Intention to imitate Voices, doth conduce muchto Jmitation: | And therefore we fee, that there be certain Pantomimi, that will réprefent | the Voices of Players of Interludes, fo to life, as if you fee them not, you |
. 0, ae
would think they were thofe Players themfelves, andfothe Voices of ot | ’ th, A
There have been fomethat could counterfeit the diftance of Voices, | _ (which is afecondary object of Hearing) infuch fort; as when they ftand | faft by you, you would think the Speech came from afar off, inafearful | manner. How this isdone, may befurtherenquired ; but If{ee no greatufe | of it, butforImpofture, in counterfeiting ghofts or fpirits, NAR
Here be three kindes of Reflexions of Sounds; a Reflexion Concurrent, a Re- | flexion Lterant, whichwecall Eccho, anda Super-reflexion, Or an Eccho of an a Eccho, whereof the firft hath been handled in the Title of Magnitude of | Sounds. The latter two we will now {peak of. — a The Reflexion of Species Mifible by Mirrers, you may command, becaufe | paffing it RightLines, they may be guided to any point: Butthe Reflexion of Sounds, is hardtomafters becaufe the found filling great fpaces in arched | practifed any means tomake Artificial Eccho’s. And no Eccho already | known, returneth ina very narrow room. 7 oe. eae The Natural Eccho’s are made upon Walls, Woods, Rocks, Hills, and | _ Banks: As for Waters being near, they make a Concurrent Eccho; but}. being further off, (as upona large River) they make an Interant Eccho: |} Forthere is no difference betweenthe Concurrent Eccho, and the Iterant, | but the quicknefs or flownefs of the return. But there is no doubt, but Wa- } ter doth help the Delation of Eccho, as well as ithelpeth the Delation of | Original Sounds. zal : | oe oe It is certain (as hath been formerly touched,) that if youfpeakthorow |
a Trunck, itopped at the further end, you fhall finde ablaft return upon your | mouth, butnofoundat all. The caufeis, for that the clofenels, which pre- | ferveth the original, is notableto preferve the refle&edfound ; befides that, | Eccho’s are feldom created, but byloud Sounds. And therefore there is lefs hope of Artificial Eccho’sin Air, pentinanarrowconcave. Neverthe-] deep, and fpeaking , though but foftly, (yet not fo foft as a whifper) the | Water returned a good audible Eccho.: Itwouldbetryed, wvborhoe felted in Caves, where thereis noiflue.fave where you fpeak, willnot yield Ke | as Wells do. « EER oe Br The Eccho cometh as the Original Sound doth ina round orb of A
It were good to trysthe creating of the Eccho’ where the Bodyrepercu maketh an Angle: As againft the Returnof a Wall, &c. Alfo we fe in Mirrors, there is the like Angle of Incidence, from the Obje& to : Glafs, and fromthe Glafs to the Eye. Andif you ftrikea Ball declan full upon the Surface, the rebound will be as much the contrary way ; -w
2 : : ar : P
ee ee eee CN
ae? Agee Gen Pe tape Oe
~ Comlieg, EELS
_ jhear becter, ifhe ftand afide the Body repercuffing, than if he ftand where he fpeaketh,..or any where ina right Line between) may betried; Tryal like- : | wife would be made, by ftanding nearer the place of repercuffing, than he Gi thatfpeaketh; and again, by ftanding further off, than.he that fpcaketh, and } fo knowledge would be taken, whether Eccho’s, as well as Original Sounds, | be notftrongeft near hand. a is oiiney | |... There bemany places, where you fhall hear a number. of Eccho’s one | afteranother; anditis, whenthere is vaciety of Hits or Woods, fome nearer, | fome further off : Sothat che return from the further, being lat created, will | be likewife laft heard. ; 1 an , ser | 3 As the Voice goeth round, as well towards the back, as towards the
7
| Back-eccho’s to the place where you ftand. |}... To make an Eccho that will report three; or four, or five. words | dinftinGly, it is requifite, that the Body repercuffing-be agood diftance | off: For if it be near, and yet not fo/near, as to. make a Concurrent | Eccho, it choppeth with you upon:the fudden, It is requifice likewife,
| eth the Game effe& with Airc at large,» ina {mall diftance. And there- fore in the Tryal of Speaking in the Well, though the Well was deep, the Vcice came back fuddenly, and would bear the report but of two | words. Rds i Snohs Tere ' From Eccho’s upon Eccho’s, there is a rare inftance thereof ina | place, which I will now exa@ly defcribe.. [tis fome Three or four Miles from Paris, near a Town-called Pont-Crrentos ; and fome Birds - | bolt fhot or more front the River of Seax. Tne Raom is a Chappel, or fmall Church; the Walls ail ftanding,'both at the fides, and at the | ends ; two rows of Pillars afrer rhe manner of Ifles of Churches, alfo | ftanding ; the Roof all open, not fo much as any Embowment near | any of the Walls left. There was againit every. Pillar, a ftack of Bil» lets above a Mans height, which the Watermen,’ that bring Wood down the Sean, in Stacks, and notin Boats, laid’ there (as it feemeth ) for their eafe, Speaking at the one end, I did heat it return the Voice _ | Thirteen feveral times; and I have heard of others, that it would re- | turn Sixteen times; for I was there about three of the Clock in the After- {noon ; and it is beft, (as ail other Eccho’s are) in the Evening. Ic is | manifeft, that it is not Eccho’s from feveral places, but a toffing of the | | Voice, as a Ball too and fro; like to Reflexions in Looking-Glaffes; where | if you place one Glafs before, and another bebinde, you thall fee the Glafs
laft die: For it is every return weaker, and more fhady. In like manner, {Super-Reflexions ; for it meiteth by degrees, and every Reflexion is
haps) fome tarce times teport you the whole three wards; and then the, two latrer words for fometimes, and then the lak word alone for fome- {times , ftill fading and growing weaker. And whereas in Eccho’s of "pone returt, it is much to hear Four or five words. In this Eccho of . 7 many Ketutns, upon the matter, you hear above Twenty words for
three.
Is ther there be any {uch refilience in Eccho’s (that is, Whethet a Men fhall
is front of him that{peaketh; folikewife doththe Eccho,, for you have many |
; | behinde with the Image, within the Glafs before ; and again, the Glafs | | before in thar: And divers. fuch Super-Reflexions, tillthe Species fpeciet at |
{the Voice in that Chappel, createth S‘peciem jpeciei, and maketh {ucceeding ||
| weaker than the former: So chat, if youfpeak three words, it will (per- |
: The}.
$7
. 246.
247.
| that the Ait be not much pent: For Air, at great_diftance, pent, work- |. -.
“58
lobferved to be, if you ftand between a Hou
251.
252.
253-
254
| Experiments in Confort, {touching the ‘Confene and Difjent bee tween Vifthles and Audibles,
255. | 256.
257:
| more loud) and fome weaker and fainter.
YC! ; " . : r
“Natural Hiftory 5 Fe ee
The like Eccho upon Eccho,. but i wich two repotts, hath b en| C
and a Hill, and lure towards | . the Hill; for the Houfe will give a Back Eccho: One taking it from the | other, and the latterthe weaker. | od There are certain Levers, that anEccho willhardly exprefs: As $/for| ‘ohe, efpecially being principalin aword. I remember well, that when | I went to the Eccho at ‘Pont-Carenton, there was anold Parifian that took it| to be the Work of Spirits, and of good Spirits. For (faid he) call Satan, | | and the Eccho will not deliver backthe Devils name: But will fay, Viren, which is‘as much in French, as CApage, or Avoid. And theteby'I did hapto | finde, thar an Eccho would‘not return §,being but a Hifling and'an Interior | Sound: ai) ery Tot | Vi sabe ok | Eccho’s are fomemorefudden, andchapagain as foon as the Voiceis 4 delivered, as hathbeen partly faid; others ar¢ more deliberate, that is, give | more {pace between the Voice andthe Eccho, ‘which is caufed by the Local | _ nearnefs or diftance? ‘Some will report a longer trainof words, and fome o a fhorter:. Some more loud (full as loud as the Original, and {fometimes |
Where Eccho’s come from feveral parts,at the fame diftance they muft | — needs make (as it were) a Quire of Eccho’s,and {o make the Reportgreater, | i and even acontinued Eccho; which youfhall finde in fome Hills that ftand | encompaffed, Theatre-like. ) | : oe oe
— Iedoth not yet appear, that there is Refraction in Sounds, as well asin | Species Vifible. Fort do notthink, that if a Sound fhould pafs through di-| vers Afediums, as —Alir, Cloth, Wood} it would deliver the Sound in a differing |
lace, from that unto'which it is deferred ; which is the propereffe@ of Refradion. But CMajoration, which is alfo the Work of Refrattion, appear- | | ethplainly in Sounds, (as hath been handled at full) butitisnotby diverfity | of Mediums. » dbase
FE have Obiter, for Demonftrations fake; ufed indivers Mmfances, the % Examples of the Sight, and Things Vifible, co illuftrate the Nature of | ©
Sounds. But we think good now to profecute that Comparifon more | — fully. ! +100 te
is abby ES
e os ie * POEL he
Confne of Vibes and Aube, |
PD Orth of them fpred themfelvesin Round, and fill awhole Flore or Orb | ~ unto certain Limits; andare carried a great way, and do languifh and | Ieffen by degrees, according to the Diftance of che Objeds from the} Senfories. 9:99 Both of them have the whole Species in every {mall portion of the } Air or Medium, foas the Species do pafs through fmall Cranies, without | confufion: As we fee ordinarily inLevels, astothe Eye; and inCranies, | or Chinks, as tothe Sound. oaks 7s sy ae . rant Both of them are of a fudden and eafi ec Generation and Delation, and |
| |
likewile perith fwiftly and fuddenly; as it y ou remove the Light, or touch] ~ the Bodies that give theSound. . | ow i
S.
ners es pink orga ah aa wr
Contry MET.
~ _Bothof them do receive and carry exquifite,and accurate differences 5. ‘| asof Colours, Figures, Motions, Diftances, in, Yifibles ; and of Articulate. Voices, Tones, Songs, and Quaverings,in Audibles) “pyo) ir h 4h ba . Both of them intheir Vertue and Working, do not appear to emit any | _} Corporal Subftance into their ediams, or the Orb of their Vertue; neither | again to rife or ftir any cvident, Local Motion in their Mediums as the¥ipals, | but onely to carrycertain Spiritual Species. ; The perfe@ knowledge of the caufe whereof, being hitherto {carcely attained, we fhall fearch and handle _ | indue place. Hale Oh.) SHE HC tit oaeene | Bothof them feem not to generate.or produce any otherefte@in Na- { ture, but fuch as appertaineth to their proper Obje@sand Senles, and are
J otherwifebarren. — ei ads YG te eat } But both of them in their own proper a@ion, do work three manifeft effeG@s. The firft, in thatthe ftronger pieces drowneth'the lefler: As the light of the Sun, thelight of aGloworm, the réport ofan Ordnance, the VVoice. The fecond, in that an Obje& of furcharge or excels, deftroyeth the }Senfe: Asthe lightof the Sunthe eye, aviolentfound (near the Ear) the | Hearing... The third, inthat both of them willbereverberate: Asin Mir- jrors, andinEccho’s. tie’ agen “gtht 2
} . Neither of them doth deftroy orhinder) the Species.of the other, al- | though they encounterin the fame Medium : As Light or Colour hinder not
found, nor ¢ contra. . es Biholnas bie. Mi sin
| Bothof them affeé the Senfe in Living Creatures, -and yield Objects of | Pleafure and Diflike ; yet neverthelefs, the Obje&s of them do alfo (if ic be well obferved) affe& and work upon dead things ; namely fuch, as have fome conformity with the Organs of the two Senfes : As Vifibles work up- | ona Looking-glaf, whichis like the opal of the Eye; and Asdibles upon the peer of Exch, which refemble, infome fort, thecavernand ftru@ure of the Ear. | \ rie sonic =: | __ Both of them do diverfly work, as.they have their «edium diverfly difpofed. Soa Trembling Medium (as {moak) maketh the obje feem to trem- . ble ; and Rifing or Falling Medium (as Winds) maketh the Sounds to tife o fall. teh
. To both, the (Medium, which isthe moft propitious and conducible, is
Air ; For Glafsor Water, &c. are not pute
_. Inbothof them, where the obje@ is fine and accurate, it conduceth -}mouch to have the Senfe intentive, and ere& ; infomuch, as youcontrat ‘|youreye, when you would feetharply, andere& your ear, when you would {hear attentively ; which in Beafts chat have ears moveable, is moft | manifcft. . i,
The Beams of Light, when they are multiplied and conglomerate, ‘generate heat; whichisa differentaction, fromthe action of Sight: And {the Multiplication and Conglomeration of Sounds; doth generate an ex- stream Rarefactionof the Air; whichisan action materiate, differing from 'the adtion of Sound. If it be true (whichis anciently reported) that Birds, | with great fhouts, have faln down. ellie wa
s
Diffent
269.
2706
271.
272.
268. .
| that is the moft remarkable ; as that whereupon many fialler differences | }do depend; Namely,that Vifibles (except Lights) are carriedin Right Lincs, | | and Audibles in Arcuate Lines. Hence it cometh to pafs, that Vifibles do |
| faid before.
| of a perfon very credible, (who himfelf was cured of a Catara& in one off
£73.
Diflent of Vifibles and Audibles oe of
He Species of vifibles, fein to be Emifions of Beans reand the Ob i dee D
almoft like Odors, {ave thatthey are more incorporeal; bart ee i of eAudibles, feem to participate more with Local Azotion, like Percigfions ot Tm- prefions made upon the c4ir. Sothat whereas all Bodies do feem to aes in | H two manners, Either by the Coninunication of theit Natures, or by elm preBions and Signatares of their C%otiovs. The Diffufion of Species Dann feemeth to participate more of the former Operation, andthe Pee faite | of the later.
The Species'of Audibles feém to be carried moré manifeftly hor the | Ait, than the Species of Vifibles:, For (I-conceive) thar acontrary ftrong | Wind will not much hinder the o ight of Vifibleé:, as it ae do the hearing, of | Sounds.
There is one difference save all others, between Vif bles and Audibles, | |
not intermingle and confound one another , as hath been faid before, but | Soundsdo. Herice it cometh, thatthe folidity of Bodies doth notmuch hinder the fight, fo that the Bodies be clear, and the Pores in Right Live, | x as in Glafs, Cryftal, Diamonds, Water, &c. Buta chin Scarf ot Handket- | chief, though they beBodies nothing fofolid, hinder the fight : bay | (contrariwife) Psiped Porous Bodies donot much hinder the Heating, but
folid Bodies do aleioft ftop ir, or at leaft attenuate if. “Hence allo it | ‘cometh, that tothe Reflexion of Vifibles, fmallGlaffes (uffice, butto rhe Reverberationof Audibles,are required gte ater cee as hath likewife bee
Vifibles are feen. farther off, than Sounds aré heard ; allowing feverdithe I lefs the rate of their bignefs : For otherwife, a greac ‘Soma will be heard | further off, than afmall Body feen.
Vifibles require (generally) fome asteatice between the objet, and che | Eye to be better feen; whereasin Audibles, the nearer the approach of the} , Sound isto the Senfethe betrers -but inthis, thére may be a double error. | The one, becaufe ro Seeing there isrequited Light,andany thir gthacrouch- | 7 eth the Pupil of the Eye (ll over) excludeth the Light. For i have heard
his Eyes) that whilethe Silver-ncedle did: work upon the fight Of hisEye, to | remove the Film of the Cataraét, he never faw anything more cléar or per= fea, than that white Needle : Which (no doubt) was, pret was leffer than the Pupil of theEye, and fotook not the light from ir, The} ‘other error may be, For that the obje& of Sight doth trike upon thet of the Eye, dire€tly without any interception ; whereas the Cave of the Ea at | doth hold off the Sound alittle fromthe Organ: And fo neverthelefs there 4 | is fome diftance required in both. { Vifibles are (wifter carried to the Senfe, than Audibles; as appeared i | Thunder and Lightning ; Flame, and Report of a Piece ; Motion of the } Air, in hewing of Wood, All which have been fer down heretofore, b mae for this Title. | o
re are ha RI EF IOI EES EIT,
if oo Oe We ee a BS i Se ea ee
Century ILL. Pt
_ Iconceive alfo, that the Species of Audibles, do hang longer in the Ait than
i thofe of Vifibles : For although cventhofe ot Vifibles dohang' fome time,
aswe fee in Ringsturned, that fhew like (pheres. In Late-ftrings fillipped,a Fire
| brand carried a long, which leaveth atrain of light behinde ir, andin the Twi
“flight, and the like: Yet I conceive that Sounds, {tay longer becaufe they are |
‘| carried up and down with the Wind; and becaule of the diftance of the |
|timein Ordnance difcharged, and heard twenty miles off |
In Vifibies there are not found Objeéts fo odious.and ingrate to the Senfe,
: fas in Axdibles. For foul Sights dorather difpleafe,in that they excite thememory
of foul things, than in the immediate Objeds. And therefore in Pidures,thofe
Vou! Sights donot much offend; but in Asdibles, the grating of aSaw when
jie is fharpned, doth offend fo aac as it ferceth the Teeth om edge; and any | of theharlh Difcords in cAtuficks, the Ear doth ftraightwaysretufe,
a In Vsfibies, after great light, if you come {uddenly intothe dark, or con- "| trariwife out of the dark into a glaring Light. The eye is dazled for a time, | and the Sightconfufed ; but whether any {uch effet be after great Sounds, or | after a deeper filence may be better enquired. It is an old Tradition, that | thofe that dwell nearthe Cataracts of ilu, are flrucken deaf: But we finde | no fuch effect in Cannoniers, nor Millers, nor thofe that dwell upon Bridges.
| Atfeemeth, that the mpre/fion of Colouris fo weak, asit worketh not, ‘but
joe Cone of dire&t Beams, or right, Lines, whereof the Bafis isin the Objeét } amd the Vertical point inthe Eye: Soasthere is a corradiation and conjun&i- } on of Beams; and thofe Beams fo fentforth, yet arenot of any force to beget | the like borrowed ot fecond Beams, except it be by Reflexion, whereof we | fpeak net. For the Beams pafs and givelittletincture to that Air which ts ad- jjacent; whichif theydid, we fhouid fee Colours out of aright line, But as | this in Colours, fo otherwife it is in the Body of Light. For when there isa skreen between the Candle and the Eye, yet the light pafferh to thePaper
|
} whereonone writeth, fo that the light isfeen where the body of the flame | snotfeen; and where any Colour (if it were placed where the body of the 7 flame is) wouldnotbefeen,) I judge: that Sound is of this latter nature: For when two are placed onboth fidesof a Wall, and thevoice is heard, I judge
‘i it is notonely the oviginal found, which paflethinan Arched line; but the found, which paffeth above the Wailina Right line, begetteth th¢like Motion round i A it, asthe firft did, thaugh more weak,
; Sounds, and fo (likewife) inthat Mufick, which we call Broken ssufick, or Confort Mufick, ; fome Conforssof Inftruments are {weeter than others, (a thing | Bot fnfficiently yer obferved(;) as the Irish-Harp and Bafe.Vial agrec well; the Recorder and Stringed DMufick, agree well; Organsand the Pouce agrce well, &e. 2 ut the Virginals and the Late, or the Welsh- Harp aod Lrish-Harp, or the Yoice and Pipes alone, agree not fowell; burfor the Melioration of Mufick, thereis yet much left (inthis Point of Exquifite Conforts) to try and enquire.
. There is a common obfervation, That if a Lute or Vial belaid upon the | f Berwiths fmall traw upon one fide of the frings, and another Lure or Vial be Taid by it; and-in the other Lute or Pial the Fnifon to that fring be (trucken, it will make the fring moves which willappear both tothe Eye, and by the ftraws falling off. The like will be if the Diapafon or Eight to that firing be ftruck- | £n, citherin the fame Lute ot Vial, or in others lying by: Bat in none of thefe ‘) there is any report of Sound that can be difcerned, but onely Motion. 2 ir :- G t
A LI Concords sed Difiords of Mufick (no oni) Spiess and Antipathies of |
touching the
2750 276.
277;
278. Experiments | in Confort,» |
Sympathy er Atntipashy of
Sounds, one ; with another.
279.
a ¥ “—s 7% le ee 4 ne be) ¥ “a (Arye
6) |. Natural Fiftory ; 230. It was devifed, That a Vial fhould havea Lay of Wire-ringsbelow, rj | as clofe to the Belly asa Lute, and. then the Strings of Guts mounted t a Bridge, as in ordinary Vials ; tothe end, that by this means, the upp r Strings ftrucken, fhould makethe lower rcfound by Sympathy, and fo make the Mufick thebetters which, if it beto purpofe, than Sympathy workerh as. 5 wellby report of Sound, asby Motion. Butthis device, I conceive, to b of noufe, becaufe the upper Strings which are ftopped in great variety, cant | not maintain a Diapason or a Vnifon with the lower, whichare never ftopped, But if it fhould be of ufe atall, icmuftbein Inftruments which have no ftops, | as Virginals and Harps; wherein tryal may be made of two rows of Strings, diftanc the onefromtheother. The: Experiment of Sympathy: may ticindishettta (perhaps) frei Tat ftruments of Strings, to other Inftruments of Sound. Astotry,; ifthere wete inone Stcepletwo Bells of Unifon, whether the ftriking of the one would, move the other, more thanif it were another accord : Ard foin Pipes, if they | be of equalbore and found.) whether a little Straw or Feather would seh inthe one Pipe, whenthe other is blown at an Ynifon. Irfeemeth both in Bar and £ye, the Inftrument of Senfehath a Syinpakie or Similitude with that which giveth the Reflexion (as hath been touched be- | fore.) For asthe fight of the Eye is likea Chryfal, or Glafs, or Water; fois] the Ear a finuous Cave with a hard Bone, toftop and reverberate, se Sound: | , Which isliketothe places that report. Eccho’s. ;
Writ a Man yawneth, he cannot hear fo well. The caufeis, forthiactel Membrane of the Earis oentl 5 and fo a wae tu h off the Sound, | than draweth itto. | IWF DID 7 iosam We hear better when wehdldourBreatly: then conndtyi3 infomuch,” as.
| in all liftening to attaina Sound a far off, Men hold their Breath. Theeanfe} | is, for thatin all Expiration, the mation is outwards , andtherefore rather | driveth away the voice than‘drawerth ic: And befides, we fee thatin all labo rt | todo things withany ftrength, we¥old the Breath , ‘and ig after ar | Sound that is heatd' with difficulty, isa kinde of labor. . if Letitbetryed, forthe help ofthe Hearing, (and I conceive itkelyt9 O fucceed) to make an Inftrument like a Tunnels the narrow part .whereo! may be of the bignefs of the hold of the Ear ; ‘and the broader end much larger ;\ like a Bell at'theskirts, and the length half'a foot or more. An the narrow end of it be fet clefe\tothe Ear. And markwhether any Sound abroad inthe open Air, will not be heard diftin@ly, from further diftance, than: without that Inftrument ; being (asit were) an Ear pectucle. And] have heard there isin Spain, an Inftrument inufe to be fet to jt a tha helpeth fomewhat thofe thatare Thick of Hearing, 9 \ $03 Tf the Mouth’befhut*ciofe, neverthelefs’ there i is yielded by the Roo:
of the Mouth,aMurmur; fuchasisufed'by Dunib.men: -Butif theNo | be likewile topped, no fuch Murmur can be made, except it be inthe bottom n of the Pallaterowardsthe Throat. Whereby it appeareth manifeltly, t C2 Sound inthe Mouth ,» exceptifuch as ‘aforefaid, if the ‘Mouth be ftoppet paffeth from thePallte ye go hes es ihe parent nail i
it
283. Experiments Ain Confort, | touching the Flindring or Helping of the Fearing.
284.
of the Spiritual pe of ne, ‘For if sen ‘were. hoy ewe? ihe fhould be created inthe fame manner, and by like Inftruments
cre ee er eee)” eer ee ee “Shoe ae aa . Re ik Sa Od ’
= Ceonmy TTL | 62
the original Sound: But we {ce what a number of exquifire Inftruments mult concur in {peaking of words, whereof there is no fuch matter inthe returning of them, buronely a plain ftop, and repercuffion, -
| The exquifite Differences of Articulate Sounds, carried alonginthe| 238, _ | Air, fhew that they cannot be Signatures or Impreffions in the Air, as hath _ | been well refuted by the Ancients. For itistrue, that Seals make excellent ~ | Inipreffions ; and fo it may be thought of Sounds in their firft generation : | But then the Delationand Continuance of them, without any new fealing, thew apparently they cannot be Impreffions. i
~~ All Sounds are fuddenly made,and do fuddenly perifhs but neither that, | 239- nor the exquifite Differences of them, is matter of fo great admiration: For | the Quaverings, and Warblings of Lutes, and Pipes are as {wift ; and che | | Tongue (which is no very fine Inftrument) doth infpeech, make no fewer motions, than there be letters in all the words whichareuttered. But that Sounds fhould not oncly be fo fpeedily generated, but carried fo far every way, m fuch a momentany time, deferveth moreadmiration, As for ex. ample, If a manftandinthe middle of a Field, and fpeak aloud, he fhall be. heard a Furlong inround, and that fhall bein articulate Sounds, and thofe fhall be entire in every little portion of the Air ; andthis fhallbedonein the {pace of lefs thana minute. ~The fudden Generation and Perifhing of Sounds, muft be one of thefe two ways: Eicher, that the Air fuffereth fomeforce bySound,; and thenre- ftoreth it felf as Water doth; which being divided, maketh many circles, tillicreftoreit felf tothe Natural confiftence ; or otherwife, that the Air doth willingly imbibe the Sound as grateful, butcannot maintain ic; for that the | Air hath (as it frould feem) a fecret and hidden Appetite of receiving the | Soundat the firft; butthen other grofs andmoremateriate qualities of the | Air ftraight ways fuffocate it, like unto Flame which is generated with
| alacrity, but ftraight quenchea by the enmity of the Air, or other Ambient | Bodies. ie : OWS nt
yak rake cade en
290.
There be thefe differences (in general) by which Sounds are divided: 1. Mufical, Immufical:
. Trebble, Bafe.
. Flat, Sharp.
. Soft, Loud.
. Exterior, Interior.
. Clean, Harfh, or Purling.
7. Mrticulate, Inarticulate.
AnWBw nv
S | We have labored (as may appear) in this Znquifiszon of Sounds diligeritly ; both becaufe Sound is one of the moft hidden portions of Nature, (as we faid inthe beginning) and becaufe it is a Vertue which may be called ‘Facorporeal and Immateriate, whereof there be in Nature but few. Be- fides, we were willing (now in thefe our firlt Centuries) to make a pattern or prefident of an Exact Inquifition; and we fhall do the like hereafter in } fome other fubje&ts which require it. For we defire that Men fhould ‘learn and perceive how feverea thing the true Inquijstion of Nature is 3 and fhould accuftom themfelves by thelightof particulars, to enlarge their mindes to theamplitude of the World; and nor toreduce the W orld tothe narrownefs of their Mindes. ' |
G 2 Metals }
°
“ a Mes > me et Bq: ere ee eee - * - “ate ¢ hS : iy 7 , >. ~-
Natural Hifory 5
64
~s F a a)
aot. | ® AfEtals give orient and fine Colours in Diffolution; asGoldgivethan | | Experiment, M excellent Yellow, Quick-filver an excellent Green, Tingiveth an} poe the | excellent Azure. Likewife in their Putrefactions, or Rufts ; as Vermilion, vials Gites Verdegreafe, Bites Cirrus, &c, And likewife in their Vitrifications. The} in Diffolutios | caufe is, for that by their ftrength of Body, they are able to endure thé Firé,| oO hing or Strong-waters,and to be put into an equal pofture, and again, toretain | | part of their principal Spirit: Which two things (equal pofture, and quick | Spirits) are required chicfly, to make Colours lightfome. ink 2 ge: T conduceth unto longLife, andtothe more placide Motionof the Spi- Experiment rits, which thereby do lefs prey and confume the Juyce of the Body: Sole either that Mens actions befree aud voluntary, that nothing be done invita minerya, | | ial econ but fecandum genium; or, on the other fide, that the 4aions of Asen be full of Re- | | of Life. gulation, and commands within themfelves: For thenthe victory and performing | | of the command, giveth a good difpofition to the Spirits, efpecially if} | there be® proceeding from degree to degree, for then thefenfe of wictory |” | is the greater. Anexample of the former of thefe, is ina Countrey life; | | and of the latter, in (Monks and Philofophers, and {uch asdo continually enjoy | | themfelves. ‘ | j T is certain, that in all Bodies, there is an eA ppetite of Vuion, and Evitation i Wee of Solution of Continuity: And of this Appetite there be many degrees, | Solitary; but the moft remarkable, and ficto be diftinguifhed, are three. The firft | | ouching in Liquors, the fecond in hardBodies, and the third in Bodies cleaving | | Aopesite of ious. In Li this Appetite is weak ; we fee in Li he} teehee or tenacious. In Liquors pp s ; ee in Liquors, the} | Bodies. Threding of them in Stillicides (as hath been faid) the falling of them in | round drops (whichis the form of Union) and the ftaying-of them for a lit | tle time in Bubbles and Froth. Incthefecond degree or kinde, this Appetite | is trong; as inIron,in Stone,in Wood,&c. Inthe third, this Appetiteis in | a Medium between the other two: For fuch Bodies do partly follow the|” touch of another Body, and partly ftick and continue to themfelves; and | therefore they rope and draw themfelves in threds, as we fee in Pitch, Glew, | ‘Birdlime, @c. Buinote, that all folid Bodies are cleaving moreor lefs; and|_ that they love better the touch of fomewhat that istangible, than of Air. | For Water in {mall quantity cleavethto any thing that.is folid, and fo would | | Metal too, if the weight drewit notoff. And therefore Gold Foliate, or | any Metal Foliate, cleaveth : But thofe Bodies which are noted to be} clammy,and cleaving,arefuch as have a more indifferent Appetite (atonce) |” to follow another Body, andto hold to themfelves. And therefore they are | commonly Bodies illmixed, and which take more pleafure ina Foreign Body, | that in preferving there own confiftence,and which have little predominance | in Drought or Moifture. | cig Dw and Heat are fellows in many effects. Hear drieth Bodies that do Tia ase | & cafily expire 3. as Parchment, Leaves. Roots, Clay, &c. And fo} Solitary, doth Time or U%ge arefe; as in the fame Bodies, Gc. Heat diflolyeth and | joushing the | melteth Bodies that keep in their. Spirits, as in divers Liquefattions ; an fete and. doth Time, in fome Bodies of afofter confiftence: As ismanifeftin Ho ‘| {Time,
which by 4ge waxeth more liquid, and the like in Sugar; and foi Oyl, which isever more clear and more hot in medicinable ufe. _, | caufeth the Spirits to fearch fome iffue out’ of the Body, as inthe Hols
i
f
| So" things which pafs the Fire,. are fofielk at firft, and by Time oTow |
G - b a 7 ns “
” A
Century ITI.
¥
doth that in fmall time, which Age doth in long.
f Metals; andfodoth Time; asinthe Ruftof Metals, But generally Heat |
hard, asthe Crum of Bread. Some areharder whenthey come fromthe
Fire, and afterwards give again, and grow foft as the Crult of Bread, Bisker,
4 Sweet-Meats, Salt, &c. The caufeis, forthat in thofe things which wax
hard with Time , the work of the Fire isakinde of melting ; and in shofe
Se ee ee ee
| 63
|
295. ‘Solitary,
: }
|
Experiment |
. { touching the | Differing Ope- vations of Fire, |
| and Times
| thar wax foft with Time, (contrariwife) the work of the Fire is akindc |
of Baking; and whatfoever the Fire baketh, Time’doth infome degree diffolve.
Otions pafs from one Man toanother, not fo much by exciting Ima M gination as by Invitation, efpecially if there be an Aptnefs or Incli- nation before. Therefore Gaping, or Yawning, and Stretching; dopafs from Manto Man ; for that that caufeth Gaping or Stretching is, whenthe Spirits are alittle Heavy, by any Vapor, orthelike. Forthen they ftrive (as
| it were) to wring out, andexpel that which loadeththem. SoMendrowzy
and defirous to fleep ; or before the fit of an Ague, do ufe to yawn and firetch, and do likewife yield'a Voice or Sound ,. which is an Interjeétion of Expulfion : So that if another be apt and prepared todo the like, he
| followeth bythe fightof another. So the Laughing of another maketh to | laugh: . oN | : i
7 ;
yey ,
“Here be fome known Difeates that aie Infectious, “and others that are -not. Thofe that are infectious, are firft, Such as are chiefly in the Spi-
| rits, andnotfomuchinthe Humors, and therefore pa(seafily from Body to | Body; fuch are Peftilences Lippitudes, and fuch like. Secondly, fuch as raint
the breath, which we fee paffeth rnanifeftly:from Man'‘to Man, and not in-
vifible as the affeéts of the Spiritsdo; fuch are Confumptions of the Lungs; ; &e. | or the Body adjacent ; efpecially, if they confift in an un€ttuious fubftance, } nOtapttodiffipate; fuch are Scabs, and Leprofie. Fourthly, fuch as ate | meerly inthe Humors, and not in the Spirits, Breath, or Exhalations : And _| therefore they never infe&, butby touch onely ; and fucha touch alfo, as ‘| cometh withinthe Epiderms, as the yenome of the French Pox,and the biting
Thirdly, Such as come forth to the skin, and therefore taint the Air,
of a Mad-Dog, ,
KR A Okt Powders grow more clofeand coherent by mixture of Water, than by mixttire of Oyl, though Oyl be the thicker Body; as Meal; &c. Thereafonis the Congtuity of Bodies, which if it be more, maketh aper-
| feéter imbibition, and incorporation ;_ which in moft Powders is more be- | tween them and Water, than between them and Oyl: But Painters colours | gtound; and afhes, do better incorporate with Oyl.
3 Mi Motion and Exercife is good for fome Bodies, and fitting and
lefs motion, for others: If the Body behot, and void of fuperfluous
| Moiftures, too much Motion hurteth; and it is dn érror in Phiyfitians , to | call too much upon Exercife. Likewife, Men ought to beware, thacthey ufe not Exercile, anda (parediet, both ; butif much Exercife; then a plenti-
ful diet; and if fparingdiet, thenlittle Exercifc. The Benefits that come of
| Exercifeare. Firft, thatit fendeth nourifiment into the Parts more forcibly.
G 3 Secondly,
296. Experiment Solicary,- touching Mations by I- mitations
q |
29 7 Experiment Solitary, touching Zn- feétious dif- eafes,
298. Experiment Solitary, | touching the Incorporation of Powders and Liquors.
299° Experiment Solitary, touching Es- ercife of she Body.
| | | } |
nae
aig Natural Hifforys
Secondly, That it belpeth to excern by Sweat, and fo. maketh the parts aflimilate the more perfe@ly. 1 hirdly, that it maketh the fub/tance of the Body more folid and compact; and fo le{s apt to be confumed and d cpre- dared by the Spirits, “The Evils that come of Exercife , are, Firlt, Thi rit maketh the Spirits more hot and predatory. Secondly, Thatit doth bforbe | likewife, and attennaretoo much the moifture of the Body. Thirdly, That} | it maketh too great Goncuffion, (efpecially, if it be violent) of the inwat | | parts, which delight) more in reft, But generally Exercife, if itbe much, is’ | no friend to prolongation of life; {which isone canfe , Why WY ompnul ! | longer then Men, becaufe they ftirlefs, . ¢ ofan io
300. Ome bood we mayulelone. and much, without glutting ; as Bread, Flefh p Experiment ~ that is not Far, or, Rank;&c, Some other (though pleafant) gl eth , [seen {ooncr,, as Sweet-Meats, Far-Meats, &e. Thecaufeis, for that Appell |
| Meatrthat ine duce Satiate.
fiteth inthe emptinefs of the Mouth, of the Gorsdcha or poffefling th 3 F fomewhat.that is-afteingent; and therefore, cold anddry : But things that | are {weet and fat, are more, filling, and dofwim and hang more aboutthe | - Mouth of the Stomach, and go net down fo (peedily ; and again turn fooner | to Choler, which is hor, and everabateth the appetite. We feealfo, thar] another caufe of Satiety, is an Over-cultom ; and of Appetite, is Novelty. | | And therefore Meats, .if the fame be continually taken, induce Loathing, | To | give thereafon of thediftafte of Satiety, and of the pleafurei in Novelty,.and | | to diftinguifh not onely in Meats and Drinks, but alfo in Motions, Loves, | Company, Delight, Studies, what they be that Cuftom maketh mote grate- |" | ful; and whatmore tedious, were a large Bield. But forMeats, the caufe | is Attraétion, which is quicker, and more excited towards that which is} { new, than towards that whereof there remaineth a relifh by former ufe.| | And (generally) itis arule, That whatfoever is fomewhat ingrate at firft, is | | made grateful by Cuftom ; but wbaioencns is too » ple afeags at firlt, ‘growers , quickly to Satiate. Ea o
i, sian
NATURA x
ie a
Endina tnd indi nd nd nd tnd! Se SSE TIES BePR Slob BU RLIR &
eee ee
‘
5
_ " -
. ney ' " j
~~ t
eee ES Ss R x.
rp
_—_
Century LV.
~ .
=] Ceeleration of Time , in Works of Nature , may, well be ===|| efteemed Inter Magualia Natura. And even in Diyine Miracles Accelerating of the Time,-is next to the Creating of theMatcer. . We willnow therefore proceed to the enquiry of it ; and for Acceleration of Germination, we will refer it over unto the place, where wefhall handle the Subjeét of Plants; sensrally + ; and willnow begin with other eA ccelerations.-
: Liquors are (many of them) atthe firlt, ak “ii troubled ; bie Muft, | Wort, Fuyce of Fruits, or Herbs expreffed, &c. And by Time, they fettle and
| Spur to Nature, and putteth her out of herpace ; And befides, itis of good jufe for making Drinks, and Sauces , Potable, and. Serviceable, fpeedily. | But toknow the Wicaus of Accelerating Clarification, we mutt firftt know “| the caufes of Clarification. The firlt caufe is, by the Separation of the {| groffer parts of the Liquor, from the finer. : The fecond, bythe equal diftri- } bution of the Spirits of the Liquor, with the tangible parts; for that ever re-
| prefenteth Bodies cleat and untroubled. The third, by the, refining the
“| luftre. Firft, For Separation : It is wrought by weight; as in theordinary
| Sublimation, (tharis, a calling of thefeveral parts, cither up ot down, which J isa kinde of Attraétion,) by Adhefion ; as when aBody,, more viicous, is 4 mingled and agitated with the Liquor; which vifcous Body (afterwards fe-
vered |
a ee
NATURAL
‘jclarifie. But tomake them clear, before. the Time, isa great work ; 3 for itis a.
| Spirit it felf, which thereby giveth to the Liquor more {plendor, and more }
j refidence or fettlement.of Liquors. By Heat, by Motion, by Precipitation, or |
Experiments in Confort, touching the Clarification of Liquors, and the Accelara- ting thereof.
301.
302.
68 - 3036
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
| vered) dessibch wiht it che groffer parts of the Liquor: And lafly, by Percad
, Inftance is referred, both to the even Miteibonons and alfo to the Refining | |
.
Ul j prea oe
~ Natural Hillary
lation or Paflage.
Secondly, For the even Diftribution of the Spirits » it is wrought b
| gentle heat, and by Agitation of Motion ; (for. ‘of Time we (peak not, be. | caufeit is that we would panticipate- and. teprefent::) And itis. wrought allo, | | by mixture of fome other Body, whieh hath a vertue to openthe Liquor, and | | tomake. the Spirits the better pafs.thorow. “Thirdly, For the refining of the Spirit, it is wrought likewile by Hegel f | by motion, and by mixture of {ome Body which hath vertue to attenuate. | | So therefore (having fhewed the caufes) forthe accelerating of Clarification | in general, and the enducing of it; takethefe Inftances and Tryals. 1 : | Itis in common practice, to draw Wineor Beer, fromthe Lees, (which | | we call Racking) whereby: it will clarifie muchithe fooner : \For the Lees, | | though théy keep thegdrink in heart, and make it lafting yet withal | | they caft up fome fpiffiiude ; and this Inftance is to be referred rosea q tion.
Ontheotherfide, it were good to try, what, the adding to the Liquor, | more Lees than his own, will work; for though the Lees do makethe Liquor" turbide, yet they refinethe Spirits, Take therefore a Veffel of new Beer, and | take another Vefflel of new Beer, and rack the one Veffel from the Lees, and | pourthe Lees of the racked Veffel into the unracked Veffel, and feethe effect. | : This Inftance is referred to the Refining of the Spirits.
Takenew Beer, and put infome'quantity of ftale Beer intoit, and feel ; whether it will not accelerate the Clarification, by opening the Body of the | Beer, andeutting the grofler parts, whereby they may fall down into Lees. | And this Inftance again is referred to Separation. |
The longer’ Molt or Herbs, ox the like, areinfufed in Liguor, the more | thick and troubled the Liquor is ; but the longer. they be decoéted inthe Liquor, | : theclearer itis. Thereafonis plain, becaufe in Infigon, the longer i itis, the } greater is the part of thegrofs Body that goeth inte the Liquor : But in De- } codion, though more gocth forth, yerit either purgeth at the top, or! fettleth | atthe bottom. And therefore themoft exact way to clarifie is, firlt, toIn— | fufe, and thento take off the Liquor and decoftit; as they doin Beer, which | hath Molt firftinfufed in the Liquor, and isafterwards boiled with the Hop. | Thisalfo is referred to Separation. ,
Take hot Embers, and putthem about a Bottle filled with new Beer, al. | moft tothe very neck ; let the Bottle be well ftopped, leftit fie out: ‘And | | continue it, renewing the Embers every day by the fpace of ten days,and then | | compare it with another Bottle of the fame Beer fet by. ‘Takealfo Lime, | both quenched and unquenched, and fet the Bottles inthem wz fupra. ~ This |
Saas
|
of the Spirits by Heat. ah |
Take Bottles and fving them, or carry them in a Wheel-Batrow ppon | rough Ground, twice in a day :~ But then you maynot fill the Bottles full, | but leave fome Air; for if the Liquor come clofeto theftopple, it cannot play nor flower: And when’ you have fhaken them well either way, pour | the Drink in another Bottle, Ropped clofe after the ufual manner ;- for if it ftay with much Air in it, the Drink will pall, neither will it fertle fo fectly in all the parts. Let ir ftand fome Twenty four hours, then take it, putit again into a Bottle with Air, ut fupra; andthenceinto aBottleftop ut fupra 5 ; and forepeatthe fame operation for. feven days. Note, that in the | copying of one Bottle inte another, you mut doit ude left the ba ik
1 suration of Drinks, andthe Azaturation of Impofthumes andVicers. This lak we
r be alfo other Maturations, as of Metals, &e. whereof we {peak as occafion
>
}ted, Wine hath them well united, fo asthey make the parts fomewhat _|more Oyly. Vinegar hath them congregated, but more Jejune, and in
| we fee Vinegar is made by fetting the Veffel of Wine again the hot Sun. | And therefore Vinegar will not burn, for that muchof the finer part is exe | haled.
i pall. Ir weregood alfototry itin a Bottle with a little air below the Neck } without emptying. This Inftance is referred to the even ‘Diftribution and | Refining of the Spirissby c%orion. od
new Beer, and ftirred with it: Forit maybe, that the groffer patt of the
}| wellagain, which is focn tried. And it, is ufual in clarifying Jppocraffe to } put in Milk, which after fevereth and carcieth with it the groffer parts | of the Zppocra/f, as hath been faid elfwhere. Alfo forthe becter Clarifica- } tion by Percolation; when they Tun new Beer, they ufe tolet it pafs
_jand itis effected, partly by the fame means that Clarification is (whereof _| we fpake before:) But then note, that an extream Clarification doth {pred _| the Spirits fo {mooth, as they become dull, and the drink dead, which | ought to have a lictle fowring. And therefore all your clear Amber drink | fis flat.
the motion of the Spirit. So we fee that open weather relaxeth the Spirit, jand maketh it more lively in Motion. We fee alfo Bottelling of Beer or | Ale, while it is new and full of Spirit, (fo that it fpirteth whenthe ftopple | is taken forth) maketh the Drink more quick and windy. A Pan of Coals fin the Cellar, doth likewife good, and maketh the Drink work again. New | Drink put to Drink that is dead, provokethitto workagain: Nay» which Jis more (as fome affirm) a Brewing of new Beer, fet by old Beer, maketh
‘| that may excite and quicken them, as by theputting into the Bottles, Nitre
| Chalk, Lime, &c. Wefee Creamis matured, and madeto rife more {peedi- “|ly by putting in cold Water; whieh, as it feemeth, getteth down the
_4dry Eatch, agood depth, orin the bottom of a Well within Warer;. and belt
, 69
Cuniey 177.
As forPercolation, inward, and outward (which belongeth to Separa- tion,) Tryal would be made of Clarifying-by Adhefion, with Milk put into
311.
Beer will cleave to the CWilk; the doubt is, whether the Milk will fever
through a Strainer, and it is like the finer the Strainer is, the clearer it will be. |
He cAccelerating of Maturation, we willnow enquire of , and of Ma- | experiments turation it felf. It is of three natures, the CWataration of Fruits, the Ma- ae Maturation, andthe 4cce- lerating theree of, And forft touching the Maturati- on and Duicke
referto another place, where we fhall handle Experiments Medicinal, There
feryeth. But we willbegin withthatof Drinks, becanfe it hath {uch affinity with the Clarification of Liquors. erty
é ning of drinks, For the Maturation of Drinks, itis wrought by the Congregation of pea tee towc eng t e
the Spirits together, whereby they digeft more perfelly the groffer parts;
Maturation of | - Frnits, 322,
Wefee the degrees of Maturation of Drinks, inMuft, in Wine, as itis |
es RES drunk, andin Vinegar. Wherécf Mutt hath not the Spirits well congrega- :
fmaller. quantity; the greateft and fineft Spitit and part being exhaled: For
_ Therefrefhing and quickning of Drink palled or dead, is by enforcing
it work again : It were good alfo ro enforce the Spiritsby fome mixtures,
Waey. It is tryed, that the burying of Bottles of Drink wellftopped, either in
of
site ie bios Ba efhiy ie kT 5. 7 its ; Miz | Natural Eiiftory ; of all, thehanging of them in adeep Well fomewhat above the Water, fot fome fortnights {pace, is an excellent means of making Drink frefh and quick: For the cold doth not caufe any exhaling of the Spiritsat all, as heat doth, though it rarifieth the reft that remain: But cold maketh the Spirits vigorous, and irritateth them, whereby theyincorporate the parts of the | ‘Liquor perfedly. ponte snail As. for the Aasuration of Fruits, it is wrought by the calling forth of | the Spirits of the Body outward, and fo {preading thena more imoothly; } and likewife by digefting, in fome degree , the groffer parts: Aind [* this is effected by Heat, Motion, Attraction, and by a Rudiment’ of | Putrefadion ; For the Inception of Putrefaéion hath in it 4 CVfae- | ration. . ind: onl There were taken Apples, and laid in Straw, in Hay, in Flower, in 7 Chalk, in Lime, covered over with Onions, covered over with Crabs, | clofed up,in W ax, fhut in a Box, &e: » There wasalfo an Apple hanged up | infmoak. Of all which the Experiment forted inthismanner. sh After a moncths, fpace, the Apple, enclofed in Wax, was as Green | and frefhas at the ficft putting in, andthe Kernels continued White. The | caufe is, for that all cxclufion of openAis, (which is ever predatory) main- | taineth the Body inhis firft frefhnefs and moi(ture ; butthe inconvenience | is, thatit tafteth a littleof the Wax, which, 1 fuppofe, in a Pomegranate, or | fome fuch thick coated fruit, it would not do. PS 4 The Apple hanged in the fmoak, turned like an old Mellow-Apple | wrinkled, dry, foft, fweet, yellow within. The caufe is, for that fuch }- a degrecof heat, which doth neither melt nor fcorch (for we fee that: i in a greater heat, a roaft Apple foftneth and melteth, and Pigs fect | made of quarters of Wardens, fcortch and have askin of coal) doth} Mellow, and not adure: The {moak alfo maketh the Apple (as it were) | fprinkled with Soot, which helpeth tomature. Wefee, chat in drying of | Pears and Prunes, inthe Oven, and removing of them oftenas they begin | to fweat, there is alike operation: .but.that is with a far more intenfe de- | grec Of heat. fe te OW, ae The Apples covered inthe Lime and Afhes, were well maturedas ap-- peared both in their yellownefs and {weetnefs. The caufeis, forthat that | Degree of Heat, which is in Limeand Athes, (being a {moothering heat) is | 4 of allthe reft most proper ; for it doth neither Liquefie nor Arefie,and that | | is true Maturation. Note, that the tafte of thofe Apples was g00 a, and’ therefore it isthe Experiment fitteft for ufe. dee ‘The Apples covered with Crabs and Onions, were likewife well matu— red. Thecaufeisnot anyheat, bnt for thatthe Crabs and the Onions draw forth the Spirits of the Apple, and {pred them equally thorowout the Body ; |
at i i
317.
318.
ST.
L 321,
whichtaketh away hardnefs. So we fee one Apple ripeneth againft another. | And thereforein making of Cider, they turn the Apples firft upona heap 5 } fo one Clufter of Grapes, that roucheth another whileftit groweth, ripen- | eth fatter. Botrms contra Botruns citivs maturefcit. oho). eel 3226 . The Applesin Hay and the Straw, ripened apparently, though notfo | muchas the other, butthe Apple in the Straw, more. The caufe is, for that } the Hay and Straw have avery low degreeof Heat, but yet clofe and | {moothering, and which drveth not. + 20 OF it 2 a 323. The Apple inthe clofe Box was ripened alfo. The caufe is, for that] 7 all Air kept clofe, hath a degree of warmth ;’as we fecin Wool, Fur, | Pluth, 8c. Re k :s : >| ; oh Be pee =
1
: Note, That all thefe mere compared with another Apple of the fame kinde that lay of 4 it elf ; and in comparifonof that; were more fweer, and more yellow, and fo - appeared to bé more ripe. ' 3
||. Takean Apple, or Pear; or other like Fruit, and roul it upon’a Table “hard: We fee incommon experience; that the rouling doth foften and | fweeten the Fruit prefently, whichis nothing but the {mooth diftribution | of the Spirits into the parts; for the unequal diftribution of the Spirits ‘| maketh the harrifhnefs : But this hard rouling is between Concodtion, | and a fimple Maturation ; therefore, if you fhould roul them but gently | perhaps twice a day,, and continue it fomefeven days, .it is like they would
Maturemore finely, and like untothe Natural Maturation.
Take an Apple, and cut out a piece of the top and cover it,.to fee | whether that Solution of Continuity will not haften a Maturation. We fee that wherea Wa}, or a Fly, ora Worm; hath bitten in a Grepeor any Fruit; it will fweeten hattily. hobo TE th | fis
1 Take'an Apple, &c. and prick it with a Pin full of Holes, not deep, and fmear it alittle with Sack, or Cinnamon Water, or Spirit of Wine, every day for ten days, tofee ifthe Wirral Hear of the Wine, or Strong- Waters, will not Mature it. | In thee Tryals alfo as was ufed in the firft, fet another of the [ame Fruits by, to compare them; and try them by their Lellownef,, and by their Sweemef. |
325.
326.
Experiment Solitary, -~ touching the Making of Gold; :
| rHe World hath been mich abufed by. thé opinion of Making of Gold. : 4 T The Work itfelf, I judge to be poflible; ,butthe Means (hitherto pro- |
pounded) to effect it, are in the Pradice, full of Error arid Impofture ; and inthe Theory, full of unfound Imaginations. For to fay, that Nature hath aninrention to makeall Metals Gold ; and that, if fhe were delivered from Impediments, {he would psrform’ her own:work ; and that, if the | Crndities, Impurities, and Leprofies.of: Metals weiie: cured, . they wauld | | become Gold; and chat a little quantity of the Medicine in the Work of } | Projection, will turn a Sea of the bafir Metal inte Gold by multiplying. | All thefe: are’but dreams, and foare many other Grounds of Alchymy. _ | And to help the matter, ‘the eAlchymiffs call in likewife many vanities, | jout of ~Afrology, Natural Magick, Superftitious Interpretations of Scri ptures, Auricular Traditions, Feigned: Teftimonies of Ancient Authors, tard the likes Itistrue, onthe other fide they have brought to light not a | few profitable Experiments, and thereby made the World fome amends : | But we, when we fhall come to handle the Verfion and Tranfimuration of | Bodies , and the Experiments concerning J&tals. arid Adinerals ; will lay open the true Ways and Paflages of Nature, which may lead to this great jefic&. And we commend the wit.of the Chinefes, who defpairof making } of Gold, butare madupon the making of Silvers: Forcertainit is, That _ | at-is more difficult to make Gold, (whichis the moft ponderous: and ma- teriate amongft Metals ) of: dther: Metals, Iefs ponderous and. lefs: mate- - |riate, than (Vie versa) to make Silver of Lead, or Quick-filver ; both _ |} whichare more ponderous than Silver: So thatthey need rathera further | degree of Fixation; than any Coudenfation. In the mean time, by occafion of handling the —4xioms touching ~Miruration) we wilkdired .a tryal touching ~ | the Aauring of Aetals, and thereby turning fomeof them: into:Gold 5; for _4we conceive indeed, That a perfe& good Concottion, or Difgeftion, or Ade- "| turation offome Metals will produce Gold. And here we callto minde, that we knew a Dutchman that had wrought him({clf into the belief of a: : ~ great
i . fr Re er A A RR I I A A
sorors ac prbis ae =
| Tangible Parts opened: For without thofe two operations, ee tae Ml
greatperfon, by undertaking, that he could make Gold : Whote difeaus fe
be a al , a ae sae; + oi 7 ms
1 ONY i,
Neal Eig,
was, That Gold might be made, butthat the Alchymis ovcr-fired the work: For (he faid) the making of Gold did require avery temperate Hear, as e- ing in Nature afubterrany work,. where little Heat cometh } but ' yern to the making of Gold, than x any other Meral: And sherefadel that he| would do it with agreat Lamp , thar fhould carry a temperate and equal | Heat, and thatit wasthe work of many Moneths. The devife of the Lamp | was folly, but the overfiring now ufed, and the equal Heat tobe required, | andthe making it a work of fome good time, are noill difcourfes, . f
We refort therefore toour Axioms of “Maturation, i in effcét touched ber fore.
The firktis, That there be ufeda Temperate Heat ; for they arc ever | Temperate Heats that Difgefts, andMature; wherein we mean Temperate, 1G according tothe Nature of the Subje& : For that may be telpeaa to} Fruits and Liquors, which will not workar all upon Merals. e
The fecond is, That the Spirit of the Metal be quickned, and ‘he 7
Metal, wrought upon, will notbe able to difgeft the Parts. — oe The third is, That the Spirits do fpred themfelves even, and move idk | i fubfultorily, for that will make the parts clofe and pliant. And Hs requireth | ©
a Heat that doth notrife and fall, butcontinue as equal as may be. 3 | The fourth is, That no part of the Spirit be emitted but detained: ] —
For if there be Emiffion of Spirit , the Body of the Metal wilhbe hard and » churlifh. And this will be performed, partly by the temper c of the Fire, and: #
| partly by the clofene(s of the Veffel. ie The fifth is, That there be choice made of the-likelieft and bet pre: ie
pared Metal for the Verfion ; for that will facilitatethe Work. > i” The fixthis, That you give time cnough forthe Work, notto prolong, i
hopes (as the Alchymifs do, but indeed togive Nature a convenient pace: to work in. 4 Thefe principles moft certain and true, we will now aeaeed a direSioh | ‘
of Tryal out of them, which may ( See me further ‘Meditation ie 4 improved. 7
atom) ‘
Let there Be a fmall Furnace made of a “Teisltaed Heat j- let the heatbe | fuch asmay keep the Metal perpetually molten,and no more; for that above | _ all, importeth tothe Work : Forthe Material, take Silver; which is the | Metal, thatin Nature, fymbolizeth moft with Gold ; putin alfo, with the Sil | ver a tenth part of Quick-filver ; and a twelfth part of Nitre by weight:
Both thefe to quicken and open the Body.of the Metal; and folet the Work | be continued by the {pace of Six Moneths, at theleaft. J wifhalfo, T hat | there be asfometimes an Injedtion of fome Oyled Subftances: fuch as they | ufe in the recovering of Gold, which by vexing with Separations hath | been made churlifh: And this is, to lay the parts more clofe and fmooth; | whichis the main work. For Gold (as we fee): is the clofeft (and there. | fore the heavieft) of Metals; andislikewife the moft flexible and tenfi ible. Note, That to think to make Gold of Quick-filver becaufeitis the heaviett, | is a thing not tobehoped; for Quick-filver will not endure the mann e of the Fire:) Next to Silver, I think ‘Copper ' were hieteft to be the terial. bys 9
i De I 1 ‘ : ‘ : 4 ae ; { ERAT Oe , ” , A p ' ¥ . . ‘ sal iy fae < 4 ’ er 4 ‘ ih bo . RRS ita Sie 8 2 EL: a mee: ae a
Old hath thefe Natures: Greatnels of VVeight, Clofenefs of Parts, Fixation, Pliantne(S or SoftneS, Immunity from Rut, Colour-or | Tindure of Yellow. Therefore the {ure way ( though moft about ) to 3 BS _ make Gold, is to know the catifes of thefeveral Natures before rehcarfed, and the Axioms concerning the fame. For if a Man can make a Metal ‘that hath all thefe Propertics ; lec Men difpute; whether it be Gold, ; orno ? |
He Eaacine and Accelerating of Putrefaétion, is a (abject of avery I Univerfal Enquiry. For Corruption is a Reciprocal ro Generation ; and they two areas Natures to Terms or Boundaries; and the Guides to Life. and Death, Putrefaétion is the VVork of the Spirits of Bodies, which ever | are unquiet to get forth and congregate with the Air, and to enjoy the | Sun-Beams. The getting forth, or {preding of the Spirits, (which is a
a degree of getting forth) have five differing operations. If the Spicitsbe_ | detained within the Body, and move more ‘violently, there followeth Colli-. ‘| quation ; asin Metals, &c. If more mildely, thete followeth Digeftion or
| Maturation; as in Drinks and Fruits. If the Spirits be not meerly detained; |
| but Protrude alittle, and chat Motion be confufed; andinordinate, there | followeth Purrefa&ion ; which ever diffolveth the Confiftence of theBody | }into much inequality; as in Flefh, Rotten Fruits, Shining VVood, &c. |} and alfo inthe Ruft of Metals. But if that Motion be in a certain order, | here followeth Vivification and Figuration; as both in Living Creatures ‘| bred of Putrefadtion, and in Living Creatures perfeé&. But if the Spirits ig out of the Body, there followeth Deficcation, Induration, Confump.- | tion, &c. Asin Brick, evaporation of Bodies Liquid, &c. The Means to enduce and accelerate PutrefaGtion, are, Firft, By add- _} ing fome crude or watry moifture ; as in VVetting of any Ficfh, Fruit,
| Wood, with Water, &c. For contrariwi€e, Unéiuous and Oyly Subftances
| preferve.
‘ The fecondis, By Invitation or Excitation ; as when aretten Apple | lieth clofe to another A pple that is found 5 or when Dung (which js a fub- {tance already putrified) is added to other Bodies. And this isalfonotably | feen in Church-yards, where they burymuch; where the Earth will con- ‘| fame the Corps, in far Chorter time than other Earth will.
‘The third is, By Clofenefs and Stopping, which detaineth the Spirits
3 |in Prifon, more then they would, and thereby irritareth them to feek iffue ;
| as in Corn and Cloéaths which wax mufty; and therefore open Air (which “| they call Aer perflabils’) doth preferve : And this doth appear more evident- |} lyin Agues, which come -(moft of them) ‘of obftruétions and penning the | Humors, which thereupon Putrifie.
y The fourthis, By Solutionof Continuity; as we feean Apple will rot
i" fooner, if it be cut or pierced, and fo will Wood, &c. And fo the Fleth of
| Creaturesalive, where they have received any wound,
Thefifthis, Eitherby the Exhaling, or by the driving back of the prin. | cipal Spirits,” which preferve the confiftence of the Body; fo that when their ‘Governmentis diffolved every partreturneth tohis Nature, or Homogeny. | And this appeareth in Urine and Blood,- when they cool and thereby | break. It appeareth alfo in the Gangreen ot Mortification of Fleth , + citer by Opiates, or by Intenfe Colds. I conceive alfo, the fame effet H is
Le
L 2 —— ae
42% Experiment Solitary, touching the Nature of’ Gold,
| Experiments in Confort, touching the Enducing and AXicelerating of Putrsfacti- on.
329-
330%
351.
my -
Taal Fifloys
is in i Befilences, for thatthe malignity of the mdcoing vapanm dace th principal Spirits , and maketh them flie, and leave their Regimert3 < ad then the Suripe Flefh, and Secondary Spirits, do diffolve and bee P) an Anarchy. ae The fixth is, VVhen a Forreign Spirit, ftronger and more cager rt the Spirit of the Body, entreth the Body, as in the ftinging of Serpents. And’ | this isthe caufe (generally) chat upon all Poyfons followech Swelling; and we | fee Swelling followeth alfo, when the Spirits of the. Body it felf congregate | toc much ; asupon blows and bruifes, or when they are pent in too much, | | as inSwelling upon Cold. And we fee alfo, that the Spirits coming of Pu- | | trefa&tion of Humors in Agues, &c. which may be counted as Foreign Spi- | | rits, though they bebred within the Body, do extinguifh and tuffocatethe | | | Natural {pirits and heat. | : The feventh is, By fuch a weak degree of heat, as fetteth the Spirits in | | alittle Motion, butis not able citherto digeft the parts, or to ide the Spitits, | | | as is (een in Flefh kept inaroom thatis not cool; whereas ina cool and wer } Larder it will keep longer. And we fee, that Vivification (whereof Putre. | faction is the Baftard Brother) is effe€ted by fuch foft heats 5 ; as the hatching | of Eggs, the heat of the VVomb, &c. | Theeighthis, By the releafing of ‘the Spirits, which before wereclofe | i kept by thefolidnefs of their coverture, and thereby their appcuite of iffaing | 4 checked; asin the artificial rufts induced by S:rong waters in Iron, Lead, &c, | | And therefore werting haftneth Rutt or Putrefaétion of anything, becaufeit| 5 foftneth the Cruft, for the Spirits to come forth. ‘ Theninthis, By theenterchange of heat andcold, or watandenys "i as | we fee in the Mouldring of Earth in Frofts, and Sun; andinche more hafty | rotting of VVood, that is fometimes wet, fometimes dry. The tenth is, By time, and the work, and procedure of the Spirits them: | | felves, which cannot kcep their ftation ;. efpecially, if they beleft to them- hi felves, andtherebe not Agication or Local Moron. As wefeein Cornngp p | ftirred, and Mens Bodies nor exercifed. i All Moulds are Inceptions of PutrefaGtion ; as the Moulds of Pyes and | Flefh the Moulds of Orenges and Lemmons, which Moulds afterwards turn F into VVorms, or more odious Putrefa@ions: And therefore (commonly) | prove tobe of ill odor. And if the Body be liquid, and nor apt to putrifie to- | | cally, it will caft upaMother in the top, as the Mothers of D.ftilled waters. ak | Mofs isa kinde of Mold of the Earth and Trees: But itmay be bens Ka fortedas aRudiment of Germination, to which. we referit. ;
4
335°
336.
337.
338. |
339-
34.0.
Experiments
t f he $0 ent in Confort TE is an Enquiry of excellent ufe to enquire of the Means of Preven ingor |
Staying of Putrefaétion ; for therein confifteth the Means of Confervation | of Bodies: For Bodies have two kindes of Diffolutions, the one by Con- | | (umption and Dificcation, the other by Putrefaétion. Butas for the Putre= factions of the Bodies of Men and Living Creatures (as in Agues, VVorm | | Confumptions of the Lungs, Impofthum:, and Ulcers, bothinwards and ene C | wards) they area great part of Phyfick and Surgery : And therefore wewill | referve the Enquiry of themvto the proper place, where we thall handle M Y a | dicinal Experiments of all forts, Of the reft, we will now enter into an En. gquiry, wherein much light may be taken from that which hath been { the Means to enduce or accelerate Putrefaction: Forthe removing that caufed Rutrefattion, doth prevent, ene avoid Fuprcie@ion: coi vid oad
\e 4 * 2 § nen
hs et a el ial nn wea Sy) ey eee ier °, H ey 4
; Century LV. | The firlt Means of prohibiting or checking Putrefaétion is cold; for fo | we feé that Meat and Drink will lalt longer, unputrificd, or unfowred, in } Winter, than in Sommer : And we fee that Flowers, aad Fruits; put in contervatories of Snow, keep frefh. And this worketh by the Detention of } the Spirits, and conftipation of the Tangible parts, — | The fecondisAftrition : For Aftri@tion prohibiteth Diffolution; as we | fee (generally) in Medicines, whereof fuch as are Aftringents do inhibit Putre- | faGtion: And by the fame reafon of Aftringency, tome {mall quantity of Oy! of Vitriol, will keep frcth water long from putrifying. And this Aftri@ion | is inva fubftance that hath avirtual cold; and it worketh (partly) by the fame means that cold doth. . i ee | The thirdis, The excluding of theAirs and again, the expofing to the Air: For thefe contrarics, (as it cometh often to pafs) work the fame effe&t ; according to the nature of the Subje&-matter. So we fee, chat Beer or Wine in Bottles clofe topped; laft longs that the Garnets under Ground keep Corn longer , than thofe above Ground ;_ and thar Fruit clofed in Wax, keepeth frefh : And likewife, Bodies put in Honey, and Flower, keep more frefh: And Liquors, Drinks, and Juyces, wich a little ‘| Oyl caft onthetop, kecp frefh. Contrariwife, we fee that Cloath and Ap- parel, not aired, do breed Moaths and Moulds and the Diverfity is, that Jin Bodies that need Detention of Spirits, the. Exclufion of the Air doth | good ; asin Drinks, and Corn: Butin Bodies thatneed Emiffion of Spirits, | todifchargefome of the{uperfluous moifture, itdoth hurt; torthey require airing. spe | “The fourth is Motion, and Stirring; for PuttefadtionaskethReft: For }the fubtil Motion which Puttcfa@ion requireth, is difturbed by any Agi- tation, and all Local Motion kecpeth Bodies integral, and their parts -jtogether: As we fee, that turning over of Corn in a Garner; ot Let | ting it run like an Hour-Glafs, from an upper Room into a lower, doth keep itfweet: And running Waters putrifie not; and in Mens Bodies, exercife hindreth Putrefaction; and contrarywife Reft, and want of Mo- | tion or ftoppings { whereby the running of Humors, or the Motion of Perfpiration, is ftayed) further Putrefa&tions -as we partly touched a little Demeress ngs vihi Thus » The fifth is, The Breathing forth of the Adventitious Moifture in | Bodies ; for as wetting doth haften Puttefattion ; {fo convenient drying ‘Qwhereby the more Radical Moifture is onely keptin) purteth back Putre- foétion: So we feethat Herbs and Flowers, if they bedriedin the fhade, or ‘}dried inthe hot Sun, foraimall time keep beft. For the Emiffion of the | loofe and adventitious Moifture, doth betray the Radical Moifture, and car- ryeth it out for company. f Thefixthis, The firengthning of the Spirits of Bodies; forasagteat' } heat keepeth Bodies from Putrefaction ; but a tepideé heat enclineth them to | PutrefaGion : So a ftrong Spirit likewife preferveth, and a weak ot faint ‘| Spirit difpofeth tocorruption. So we finde, that Salt-water corrupteth not: {fo foon as frefh; and falting of Oyfters; and powdring of Meat, keepeth them from Putrefaétion. It wouldbe tryed alfo, whether Chalk, putin- {to Water; ot Drink, doth not preferve it from Puttifying, or {peedy Sour- Jing. So we fee that Strong-Beer will laft tongerthan fmall, andallthings, that fare hot and aromatical,do help to preferve Liquors, or Powders, &c. which {they do, as well by ftrengthning the Spitits, as by foaking out the loofe } Moiture,
Hz it a The
ii 3416 | 342.
3.43.
344.
145.
346.
i) aM a
——— NCainral Eiiflory ; aad ‘The feventh is, Separation of the cruder parts, and thereby making the |. Body more equal ; for all unperfect mixture is apt to putrifie, and Watey | fubftances are more apt to putrific, than oily: So, we fee diftilled Waters | will laft longer than raw Waters, and things that have pafled the F rej | do laft longer than thofe that have not paffed the Fire; as dried Pears) SECs ian (ig i Ba) Lath ae The eighthis, The drawing forth continually of that part, where the Pyrve- fattion_beginneth : Whichis (commonly) the looje and warry moifture ; not onely | for the reafon before given, that itprovoketh the radical moiftureto come | forth with it ; but becaufe being detained in the Body, the PutrefaGion | taking hold of it, infe@eththerelt : Aswe {een the Embalming of Dead’ Bodies. And the fame reafon is, of preferving Herbs, or Fruits, or Flowers, \in Bran or Meal. | 7385 Noa S es, | » Theninehis, The commixture of any thing thatis more oyly or fweet : For fuch |
Bodies are leaftapt to putrific, the Air working little upon them, and they | not putcifying preferve the reft. And therefore we fee Syrrups and Oynt- } | ments will laft longer than Juyces. cA Sane : The tenthis, The commixtare of fomewhat that is dry ; for Putrefaétion | beginneth firft from the Spirits, and then from ‘the moifture ; and that | that is dry, is unapt to putrific. ‘And therefore {moak preferveth flefhs | _as we feein Bacon, and Neats-Tongues, and (A@irtlemas-Beef, Gc. The opinion of fome of the Ancients, That blewn Airs do preferve | Bodies longer than other Airs, feemeth to me probable; for that the | blown Airs, being over-charged and compretfied , will hardly receive the exhaling of any thing, but rather repulfe it. It was tryed in ‘a blown | Bladder, whereinto flefh was put, and likewife aFlower, and it forted not :} For dry Bladders will not blow,.and new Bladders rather further Putrefagti- | on. Thewaywere therefore, to blow ftrongly with a pair of Bellows, into | a Hogthead, putting into the Hogfhead (before) that which you would | have preferved ; andin the inftant that you withdraw the Bellows, ftop'the | hole clofe. cee
———
343.
349:
350.
A aici:
352. Experiment Solitary,
ep Experimentof Wood that fhineth in. thedark, we have diligently [ 2 lk driven and purfued: The rather, for chat of all things that give light | here below, it is the moft durable, and hath leaftapparent motion. Fire }
uy Shining and Flameare incontinual expence ; Sugar fhining onely whileit isin fera- } | ix the Darky | ping; and Salt-water while itis in dafhing ; Gloworms have theirfhining whilethey liye, ora little after; onely Scales of Fifhes (putrified) feem to | be of the fame nature with fhining Wood. And itis true, thatall Putre- | faétion hath with itan inward motion, as well as Fire orLight. The tryal
| forted thus. | Je 1. The fhining isin fome pieces more bright, in fome more dim ;|
| but the moft bright, of all doth not attain to the light of a Gloworm. | 2. The Woods that have been tryedto fhine, are chiefly Sallow and Wil- lows alfo, the Afh and Hafle, it may be, it holdeth in others. 3. ‘oth | Roots, and Bodies do fhine. but rhe Roats better. 4. The colour of fhining part, by day-light, is infome pieces white, in fome pieces incli to red; whichin the Country they callthe White and Red Carret. 5. %
| part that fhincth, is (for the moft part) fomewhat foft, and moift to fi to; burfome was found tobe firm:andhard; foasit might be figur
a Crofs, orinto Beads, &c. But-youmuft not look to have an Imag _| the like, in amy thing that is Lightfom ; for even a Face in Iron red
a isis ct SMI ft a i
OF LAN ee ELA NIE
eee aera
> ye oll ‘ 7 wet wR eh
Conmy 11. 107
will not be feen, the light confounding the {mall differences of Jightfome and darkfome, which fhew the figure. 6, There was the fhining part _ | pared off, till you came to that, thatdid not thine; but within two days tHe _ | part conziguous began alfo to thine, being laid abroad in the Dew; (0.45 it }feemeth the putrefaction fpredeth. 7. There was other dead Wood of like kinde that was laid abroad, which fhined not at the firft ; but after a | nights lying abroad, begin tofhine, 8. There was other Wood that did | firt thine, and being laid dry in the Houfe, within five or fix days loft | the fhining ; and laid abroad again, recovered the fhining. 9. Shining | Woods beinglaid in adry room, within a feven night lofttheir fhining;. but "| being laid in a Cellar, or dark. room, kept the fhining. 10. The boring of | holes inthatkinde of Wood, and then laying it abroad, feemethto conduce | tomake it fhine; thecaufeis, for that all (olution of continuity, doth help op putrefaction, as was touched before. 11. No Wood hath been yet hed to fhine thatwascutdownalive, but fuch aswasroored both in Stock | and Root while itgrew. 12. Part of the Wood that fhined, was fteeped | in Oyl and retained the fhining a formight. 13. Tae likefucceeded in | ome fteepcdin Water, and much better. 14. How long the fhining wilt continue, it the Wood belaid abroad every night, and taken in and fprinkled i with Water in theday, is not yet tryed. 16. Tryal wasmadeof layirg ir | abroadinfrofty weather, which hurtit not. 16. There wasa great piece | ofaRoor, which did fhine, and the fhining part wascut off, till no more fhined 3 yet after two nights, though it were kept inadry Room, it gota
| thining. bbb bg )
| FIPHe bringing forth of Living Creatures may be accelerated in two re- A fpeéts : The one, if the Embryon ripeneth and perfecteth fooner ; | the other, if there be fome caufe from the Mothers Body of Expulfion | ot patting it down: Whercof the former is good, and argueth i{trength; | the latter is ill, and cometh by accident or difeafe, And therefore the 3 Ancient oblervation is true, thatthe Cbilde born in the Seventh CMoneth, doth commonly well; but Born in the Eighth Montth, doth (for the moft part) die. Bur the caufe affigned is fabulous, which is, That in the Eighth -‘Moneth fhould be the return of the reign of the Planet Saturn, which (as they fay) is a Planet malign; whereas in the Seventh is the reign i of the (Woon, which is a Planet propitious. But the true caufe is, for _ that where there is fo great a prevention of the ordinary time, it is-the t: luftinefs of the Childe; but when it is lefs, it is fome indifpofitionof the _ + Mother. 3 : Mads Bal
25. Experiment Solitary, touching the Acceleration of Birth.
3545, Experiment Solitary, , | touching the } Acceleration | of Gromsh and} Stature.
‘ TS Accelerate Growth or Stature, it muft proceed; Either fromthe i Plenty of the Nourifhment, or from the Nature of the Nourifhment, "| or from the Qui kning and Exciting of the Natural hear. For the firft, Excefs | of Nourifhmenr,ishurtful; for it maketh the Childe corpulent, and grow. }ing in breadth, rather than in height. And youmay take an Experiment | from Plants, whichif they {pred much, are feldom tall. As forthe Nature | of the Nourifhment ; Firft, ir may not betoodry, and therefore Children | in Dairy Countteys do wax more tall, than where they feed more upon | Bread andFlcfh. There isalfoa received tale, thac boyling of Dafie-Roots jin Milk ¢ which it is certain are great dryets) will make Dogs little. | Bur fo much is true, That an over-dry Nourifhment in Childhood | "| puttech: back’Stature. Secondly, The Nourifhment mutt be of an opening Bh H 3 Nature; |].
oa
7 ore Y
Experiments in Confort, | couching | Sulphure and i Mercury, two of Paracelfus Principles,
4 vain, that the Star is the Denfer Part of his Orb,) hath notwithftanding
| come very little, but extream lively: For the Spirit of Nitre is cold. |
to tarn Silver or Quick-filver into Gold.
though much of their Fat, and Flefh, are out of Oyly Aliments, (asM and Bread,) yet they aflimilate alfo ina meafure their Drink of Wa
SS rs One
Natural Fliftory 5 a Nature; for that attenuateth the Juyce, and furthereth the Motionof the | Spirits upwards. Neither is it without caufe, that Xenophon inthe Nouriture | of the Perfian Children, doth fo much commendtheir feeding upon Cardamon,| { which (he faith) made them grow better, andbe of a more active habit. | _ Cardamon is in Latin, Nafturtium, and withus Water-creffes; which, it iseer-|__ tain, is an Herb, that whilftit is young, is friendly to Life. As for the] quickning of Natural Heat, it muft be done chiefly with exercife; and| ~ therefore (no doubt) much going to School, where they fit f> much; } hindereth the growth of Children ; whereas Countrey-People, hat eo not to School, are commonly of better ftature. And again, Men mult * beware how they give Children any thing that is cold in operation; ' even long fucking doth hinder both Wit and Stature. This hath been | tryed, that a Whelp that hath been fed with Nétve in catilk, thath be-}
And though it be an excellent Medicine in ftrength of years for Pro-|~ longation of Life; yet itis in Children and young Creatures an enemy | to growth; and all for the ‘ame reafon, For Heat is requifice to Growth. | But after a Man is come to his middle age, Heat confumeth the Spirits 5 | which the coldnefs of the Spirit of Nitre doth help to condence and
correct, Ha
Here be two great Families of Things, you may term them by
feveral names, Swlphureons and (Mercureal, which are the Chymists words: (For as for their Salty: which is their third Principle, it isaCom-|_ pound of the other two,) Inflamable, and Not Inflamables; «Mature and Crude, | Oily and Way: For we fee that in Subterranies thereare, as the Fathers of | their Tribes, Brimftone and Mercury ; In Vegetables and Living Crea-| tures, there is Water and Oy] ; in the Inferior order of Pneumaticals , there is Air and Flame ; andin the Superior, there is the Body of the} Star, andthe Pure Skey. And thefe Pairs, though they be unlikein the | — Primitive Differences of Matter, yet they feem to have many confents 5}. for Mercury and Sulphure ate principal materials of Metals; Waterand
Oy! are principal materials of Vegetables and Animals, and feem to differ|
but in Maturation or Concoction. Flame (in Vulgar Opinion ) is’ but Air incenfed, and they both have quicknefs of Motion, and facility of | Ceflion, much alike: And the Interftellar Skey, (though the opinion be }
fo much affinity with the Star, that there is a rotation of that, as well as of theStar. Therefore, itis one of the greateft Magnalia Nature, to turn | Water or Watry Juyce into Oyl or Oyly Juyce: Greater in Nature, than} —
$ i f :
; ¢ : i 2 , The Inftances we have wherein Crude and Watry Subftance, turneth } ©
into Fatand Oyly, are‘of four kindes. Firft, In the Mixture of Earth and | ©
Water, ‘which mingled by the help of the Sun, gathered a Nitrous Fat- | nefs, more than cither of them have feverally; As wefee, inthatthey put} forth Plants, which need both Juyces. ’ Mee | Thefecond isin the Affimilation of Nourifhment, made in the Bodies } of Plants, and Living Creatures ; whereof Plants turn the Juyce of meer} Water and Earth, imto a great deal of Oyly matter: Living Creatu
a zee
? Ceniury LV. &c. But thefe two ways of Verfion of Water into Oyl, (namely, by | Mixture and by Affimilation) are by many Paflages, and Percolations, and | by continuance of foft Heats, and by circuits of Lime. ' The third is inthe Inception of Putrefaction; asin Water'corrupted, | and the Mothers of Waters diftilled, both which have a kinde of Fatne(s ‘or Ovi. - : ; ei | ; s The fourth is in the Dulcoration of fome Metals; as Saccharum Sa- | parni, Oc. . a f' . i The Intenfion of Verfion of Water into amore Oyly fubftance is by | : D igeftion: For Oy] is almoft nothing elfe but Waterdigefted and this } Digeftion is principally by Heat ; which Heat muft be either outward or Jinward. Again, Jt maybe by Provocation or Excitation, which is caufed | by the mingling of Bodtes already Oyly or Digeited, for they will fome- }wvhat communicate their Nature with the reft. Digeftion alfois ftrongly | JeffeGed by dire& Affimilation of Bodies Crude into Bodies digefted ; as in | } Plants and Living Creatures, whofe nourifhment is far more Crude than | {theirBodies. But this Digeftion is bya great compl ashath been faid. As | | forthe more full handling of thefe two principles,’ whereof this is but a | |talte; (the enquiry of which, is one of the profoundeft enquiries of Na- | \ture.) weleave it tothe titleof Verfion of Bodies; andlikewife tothetitle } of the Firft Congregations of Matter, which like a General Affembly of | ftates, doth give Law toall Bodies. Pa tt bali |
357
358.
352:
q P 4 |) A Chamelion is a Creature about the bignefs of an ordinary Lizard , his
360. | ‘Experiment Solitary, touchifig Chamélions;
|
1, A Head unproportionably big, his cyes great; he moveth his Head Without the writhingof his Neck (whichis inflexible) as a Hog doth: His Back crooked, his Skin {potted with little Tumors, lefs eminent nearer ‘|the Belly, his Tail {lender and long on cach Foot he hath five Fingers ; ; . hree on the outfide, and two onthe infides his Tongue of amarvellous | ength, in refpect of his Body, and hollow at the end, which he will | Ylanch out to prey upon Flies. Of colour Green, ‘and of a dusky Yal- low, brighter and whiter towards the Belly, -yet {potted with Blew, White, and Red. If he be Jaidupon Green, the Green predominateth; ‘Jif upon Yellow, the Yellow ; not fo, if hebe laid upon Blew, or Red, or | White, onely the Green fpots receive a more orient luftre ; laid upon | | Black, he looketh all Black, though not without amixtureof Green. He | f feedeth not onely upon Air, (though that be his principal fuftenance;) for }fometimes he taketh Flies, aswas faid; yet fome thathave kept Chamelions | is wholeyear together, could never perceive that ever they fed upon. any }. }thing elfe but Air, and might obferve their Bellies to fell after they had } exhaufted the Air, and clofed their Jaws, which they open commonly} — ” againft the Rayes of the Sun. They have a foolifh Tradition in Magick, } _ that if a Cramelion be burntupon thetop of an Houfe, itwill raife a Tempett, | fuppofing (according to their vain Dreams of Sympathies)becaufe he nou-} fitheth with Air, his Body thould have great vertue to make impreffion }
; r
' pon the Air.
| Tis reported by one of the Ancients, that in part of a7édie, there are é- A tuptions of Flames out of Plains, and that thofe Flames are clear. and caftnot forth {ach fmoak, and{afhes, and pumice, as Mountain Flamesdo. The reafon (nodoubt) is, beeaufe the Flame isnot pent, as it is in Moun- fains, and Earthquakes whichcaftFlames There be alfo fome blinde Bee Fires
361.
Experiment
(
oe A,
362. Experiment Solitary, touching Nitre.
363. Experiment Solitary» rouching Congealing of ‘Air.
364. Experiment Solitary, touching Congealing of Water into Chry fiat.
365. Experiment Solitary, ‘touching Preferving of 'Rofe Leavesy both in Colour and Smell.
| perfe@, but their colour {reth fora year at leaft. Note, that nothing doth} |
| Radicall Moifture along with it when it {elf goeth forth. And there ot Note, that-thefe Rofes when you take them from the drying, have
=) wet ee sad a! —_— , t ¥ f * 3
_. Natural Hiftory ; an SOE ETT A I SCTE ES EF CSET CNG EP TE aT oe TT ; : =< < = - - i under Stone, which flamenot out, but Oyl being poured upon them; they |) flame out: The caufe whereof is, for that it feemeth the Fire is fo choaked, ; as not ableto remove the Stone, it is heat rather than fame, which never-|
thelefsis fufficientthe enflame to Oyl. . shaeee nee a
T is reported, that in fome Lakes the Water is fo Nitrous, as if foul | Lorca! be put into it, it fcoureth them of it felf: And if they ftay any | whit long they moulder away. And the fcouring Vertue of Nitre is the |” more to be noted, becaufe it isa Body cold ; and wefee warm Water } fcoureth better than cold. But thecaule is, forthatit hath a fubtal Spirit, | which fevercthand divideth any thing thatisfoul, and vifcous, and fticketh f upona Body. . | Pia) ob aaa
Ake aBladder, the greateft you canget; fullitfullof Wind, andtye |
it about the Neck with a Silk thred waxed ; and upon that likewife i Wax very clofe; fo that whenthe Neck of the Bladderdrieth, ‘no Air may | poflibly getinnor out. Men bury itchree or four foot under the Earth, in | a Vault, or ina Confervatory of Snow,the Snow being macehollow about | theBladder; and after fome fortnights di'tance, fee whether the i ladder } befhrunk: Forif icbe, then it is plain, .that the coldnefs of the Earth or} Snow, hath condenfed the Air, and brought it adegree nearer to Water : |
Which is an Experiment of great confequence.
4 q
ff is.areport of fome good credit, that in deep Caves thereare Penfile } Chryftal, and degrees of Chryftal that drop from above, and in} fome other (though more rarely) that rife from below. Which though | it be chiefly the work of cold, yet it may be, that Water that paffeth } thorow the Earth. gathereth a Nature more clammy, and fitter to con-} geal, and become folid chan Water otf itfelf. Therefore tryal would be} made to lay aheapof Earth ingreat Frofts, upon ahollow Veflel, put- ting a Canvafe between, that itfalleth not in; and pour Water upon it, } in fuch quantity as will be fure to foak thorow, and fee whether it | will not. make an harder Ice in the bottom of the Veflel, and lefs apt to} diffolve than ordinarily. I fuppofe alfo, that if youmake the Earth nar- | rower at the bottom than at the top, in fafhion of Sugar Loaf reverfed, | it will help the Experiment. For it will make the Ice, where it} iffueth, lefsin bulk ; and evermore fmallnefs of quantity is a help to} Verfion. if icf . a
fais ‘Damask Rofes and pull them, then dry them upon thetop of | an Houle, upon a Lead or Tarras in the hot Sun, in a clear:day, | between the hours (onely) of Twelve and two oc thereabouts. Them} put them into a fweet dry Earthen Bottle or a Glafs with narrow mouths, ftuffing them clofe together, but without bruifing: Stop the) Bottle or Glafs clofe, and thefe Rofes will retain, not onely thes fmell)
fo rauchdeftroy any Plant, or other Body, either by Putrefaction, or Aree | fattion, as the Adventitious —Moifture, which hangeth loofe in the Body,
af itbe not drawn out. For it betrayeth and tolleth forth the Innate
in Living Creatures , moderate. fweat doth preferve the Juyce of the B
lh i weed ce, |) ae oe pllmaaalii ‘ ee
i.
Century Aa ‘ , | 81
+e ee ene mame | ‘ —$—$———— i
-orno finell; fo chat the fmell is afecond {mell that iffueth outof the Flower | ‘\afterwards. — ea saa mei) wikia | | eyHecontinuance of Flame, according untothe diverfity of theBody en-, ; 3 66- ~B flamed, and other ci-cumftances, is. worthy the enquiry ; chiefly, for nome | ‘that though Flame be (almoft) of amomentany lafting, yetit receiveth the touching the i More. and the Lefs: We will firft therefore {peak (at large) of Bodies en- ene | flamed, wholly, | Srcchonmgeihaeae mel habie to help the Inflamma- . { tion. ‘A fpoonful of Spirit of Wine, alittle heated, was taken, and it burnt | 7 aslong ascame to 116 Pulfes. Thefame quantity of Spirit of Wine, mixed | | with the fixth part of a {poonful of Nitre, burnt but to the fpace of 94, | Pulfes. Mixed withthe like quantity of Bay-Salt 83 Pulfes. Mixed withthe | like quantity of Gun-powder, which diflolved into a Blackewater 110 | | Pulfes. A Cube or Pelletof Yellow Wax, was taken, as muchas half the } Spirit of Wine, and fet in the midft, and it burnt onely tothefpace of 87 Pulfes. Mixed with the fixth part of a {poonful of Milk, it burnt tothe. | fpace of too Pulfes ; andthe Milk was crudled. Mixed withthe fixth part | of afpoonful of Water, it burnt tothe {pace of 86 Pulfes; with an equal | quantity. of Water, onely to the fpace of four Pulfes. . A fmall Pebble’ b was laid in the midft, and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the {paée of 94 | | Pulfes: Apiece of Wood of thebignefsof an Arrow, and about a Fingers ‘Hength, was fet up in the midft, and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the {pace | of 94 Pulfes. Sothatthe Spirit of Wine Simple, endureth the longeft, and | tn Spiritof Wine with the Bay-falt,and the equal quantity of Water, were
| the fhorteft. dot i usc ass fii i. } > Confider well, whether the more fpeedy going forth of the Flaite, be: }caufedby the greater vigor of the Flame in burning; ‘or by the refiftance of | the Body mixed,and theaverfionthereof to take Flame:. Which willappear | | by the quantity of the Spiritof Wine, that temaineth afterthe going out of the Flame: And itfeemeth clearly to be the latter, for thatthe mixture of /things leaft apt to burn, is the {peedicft in. going out, and note by the way, that Spirit of Wineburned, . till it go out of it felf, willburnno more, | and tafteth nothing {o hot in the mouth as it did; no nor yet four, (as ! a chasis a degree towards-Vinegar) which burnt Wine doth, but flat and ead. . | af | | Note, chat inthe Experiment of Wax aforefaid, the Wax diflolved in
36 7,
f
|| the burning, and yet didnot incorporate it felf with the Spirit of Wine, to nat | produce one Flame; but wherefoever the Wax floated, the Flame forfook it; till at laftit {pred all over. and put the Flame quite out. or a | > The Experiments of the Mixtures of theSpiritof Wine enflamed,are| 369.
things of difcovery, and notof ufe: But now we will{peak of the continu. ance of Flames, fuch asare ufed for Candles; Lamps, or Tapersyconfitting of Inflamable Matters,and of a Wick that provoketh Inflamation. And this | » )/importeth nct oncly difcovery, but alfo ufe and profit; for it is a great i : :
faving in all fuch Lights, ifthey can be made as fair and right as others, and | yet laftlonger. Wax pure made intoa Candle, and Wax mixed feverally | into Candle-ftuff, withthe particulars that follow, (Vie. Water, « Aqua-vites Milk, Bay-Salt, Oyl, Bunter, Nitre, Brimftone, Saw duff;) every of thefe beat- | ing a fixth part to the Wax ; and every of thefe Candles mixed, being "of the fame weight and wiek , with the Wax pure, proved thus in the F ing, and lafting. The iwifteft in confuming was that with Saw- . |
a
/ 7
\d ft, vwhichfirft burned fair till fome part of the Candle was mean “ “k ¥ : and 4.
a
a !
_—— _—+ - ea . ene eT ee ee ee Se e
3 70.6
3716
373.
> | which Jafted. about. a. fifth-part Jonger thar the clear Wax; then follow
| it would, harden and cake aboutthe {nafte : So that the mixture of Bay-falt | | with VVax,. will winaneighth part of the time of lafting, and the VVater |
| Wood. The Silk, Straw, and Wood; would flame alittle, till they cCameto }
| confurried. flower than the Cotton, by at leafta thitd part of time. Forthe |
\ harden, fo that. both age, and lying inthe Bran doth help to thelafting. }
return: furcheft from the Turret. Reverfe its and fillit fullof Oy), by.
| the obfervation to make ahole, in the top of the Turret, andtotry,
hinical = : ¥ an, We ots a ee b deils ud
and tlie duit, gathered)about the {nafte 5 but then it made thefnattebig, and long, and to burn duski(bly, and the Candle waftedin half tie time of the Wax pure. ‘The next in {wiftitefs, were the Oyl and Butter, which confumed ‘by a fifth, part fwifter than the pure Wax.°» Then followed in fwiftnels the clear Waxir felf ;. then the Bay-talt, which. lafted mk
an, eight part longer than the clear Wax ; then followed the eAqua-vire, |
. . ae
the Milk;and; Water, ; with’ little difference from the cA qua-vite,. but the Water floweft. ; And jin thefe four laft, the VViek would: fpit forth. little {parks :,For the Nitré s, it would,not hold lighted above: fome twelve | »Pulfes :, But all the while it would fpit out portions of Flame,» vhich | afterwards, would go outinto a vapor.y For the Brimftone, it would hold | lighted much aboutthefame with the Nitre ; but then after a litle while, }
a fifth. r } wh HG : : PLU RNS Are W GH i | 1 _. After ‘the: feveral ‘materials were tryed, Tryal was likewife made of | feveral VVieks ; asof ordinary Cortes, Sowing Thied, Rufb, Silk, Straw,y-and |
the Wax, and thengoout; of the other three, the’ Thred‘confumed fafter | thanthe Cotten, by afixth part of time; the Cotten next; then the Rufht}
bignefs of the Flame, the Cotton, and Thred, cafta Flame much alike, and | the Rufh much lefs and dimmer. Quaere, whether VVood and VVieks | both, as in Torches confume fafter, thanthe WVieks Simple?- 4) 1 |
WVc have fpoken of the feveral Materials; andthefeveral VVieks; but to the lafting of the Flame, it importeth alfo, not onely, what the materia is, but inthe fame material, whether it be hard, foft, old, new, &c. Good | Houfwives to make their Candles burn the longer, ufeto laythem (one by | one) in Bran or Flower, which makethem harder, and fothey confume the | flower. Infomuch, as by thismeans they will out-laft other Candles of the) fame ftuff, almoft half in half.: For Bran and Flower have a vertue to}
And we fee that VVax Candles laft longer then Tallow-Candles , becaufe | VVax is more firm and Hard. : i The lalting of Flame alfo depenaeth upon the eafte drawing of the] Nourifhments as we {cein rhe Court of Esgland, thereis afervice which they | call All-Nigh; which is (as it were) a.great Cakeof Wax, with the Wiek] in the midft; whereby iccometh to pafs, thatthe Wiek fercheth the Nou-] rifhment further off. Wefeealfo, that Lamps lat longer, becaufe the Veffel } is far broader than the breadth of a Taper or Candle. ; al Take a Turreted Lamp of Tin made in the form of a Squares the}) height.of the Turret, being thrice as much as the length of the lower whereuponthe Lamp ftandeth make onely one hole in it, at the endof
hele; and then fet it apright again, and put a Wiek in at-the hole,’ Jighten it: You fhall'finde that ir will burn flow, and along time: W is caufed :(as was faid laft before) for that the Flame fercheth the Ni ment a far ‘off. You fhall finde alfo, thatas the Oy! wafteth and de eth, fothetop of the Turrer, by little and litile filleth with Air; is caufed by the Rarefaétion of the Oyl by the heat. Ie were wi
5 fig a eee
| Century TF.
| the Oy] is almoft confumed ; whether the Air made of the Oyl, if you put | to it aflame of a Candle, inthe letting of it forth, will enflame. It were good | alfo to have the Lamp made, not of Tin, but of Glafs ; that youmay fee | how the Vapor or Air gathereth by degrees in the top. ieee
} A fourth point, that impocteth the lafting of the Flame, is the clofe- | nefs of the Air, whercinthe Flameburneth. Wefee, thatif Wind blow- | eth upona Candle, it wafteth apace ;_ we feealfo, it lafteth longer in a Lan- |{thorn, thanatlarge. And there are Traditions of Lamps and Candles, that | haveburnt a very long time in Caves and Tombs.
| of the Air where the Flame burneth; whether it be hot orcold, moift or | dry. The Air, if it be very cold, irritateth the Flame, and maketh it burn ) more fiercely, (as Fire fcor-heth in Frofty weather) and fo furthereth the j Confumption. The Air once heated, (I conceive) maketh the Flame burn | more mildly, and fo helpeththecontinuance. The Air, if it be dry, is in- different; the Air, if it be moift, doth in a degree quench the Flame, (as we | fee Lights will go out inthe Damps cf Mines ;) and howloever maketh it |burn more dully, and fohelpeththe continuance. | py Urials in Earth ferve for Prefervation, and for Condenfation, and for } £} lnduration of Bodies: Andif youintend Condenfation or Induration, | you may bury the Bodies fo, as Earth may touch them; as if you would | make Artificial Procellane, &c. And the like you may do for Conferva- |tion, if the Bodies be hard and folid, as Clay, Wood, &c. But.if you intend Prefervation of Bodies, more foft and tender, then you muft do
| may hang oyer them, and not touch them: Forif the Earth touch them,
{by the virtual cold, to conferve them, exceptthe Earth be very dry and
{ fandy. :
}for a fortnights fpace four foot deep within the Earth, though it wereina
jbut were become a little harder thanthey were , otherwife frefh in their }colour, buttheir Juyce fomewhat flatted. But with the Burial of a fortnight |} more, they become putrified. 3 |
| A Bottle of Beer buried in like manner as before, became more t lively, better tafted, and clearer than it was: Anda Bottle of Wine, in like manner. A- Bottleof Vinegar ‘o buried, came forth more lively Jand moreodoriferous, fmelling almoft like a Violet. And after the whole }Monceths Burial, all thethree came forth as frefh and lively, if not better than before. : |
_ lt were a profitable Fxperiment, to preferve Orenges, Lemmons, Jand Pomegranates, till Summer ; for then their price will be mightily \ pcreafed: This may be done, if youputthem in aPot or Vedlel well |
covered. that the moifture of the Earth come not at them; or elfe by put- |ting them ina Confervatory of Snow. And generally, whofoever will make
Jadecp Well.
A fifth point, that importeth the lafting of the Flame, is the Nature |
Jone of thefe two: Either you muft putthem in cafes, whereby they may | mot touch the Earth ; or elfe you muft Vault the Earth, whereby it |
Jit will do more hurt by the moifture, caufing them:to putrife, than good |
An Orenze, Lemnion, and Apple, wrapt ina Linning Cloth, being buried |
|} moift place, anda rainy time; yet came forthno ways mouldy or rotten, |
{Experiments of Cold, lethimbe provided of three things, a Confervatory |. jof Snow, a good large Vault, twenty foot at leaft under the Ground, and {
Tas | ei ae ae ae __There_
374:
375.
376. Experiments in Confort, touching Bariali or Ia- fuftons of di- vers Bodies in Earth,
377:
378.
379.
from [everal Winds,
332. Experiment Solitary, hing
i
| Hrouc Winter and
Summers Sick-
neffes.
3 83. Experiment Solitary, touching . Peftilential Seafonse
| 384.
' | Experiment i Solitary,
i touching 42
| Error vecesved
| about Epide- i mical Difeales.
| 385. | Experiment olitary, - ‘ touching the - | Lalteration or | Prefervation lof Liquors in | Wells, or deep \Vaults.
ng
a SS DE FEM Ban BS LI
| dent.
| than Bowles ofthe fame Drinks and ftalenefs,.;kept in aCeller.
we 0
Natural Hiftory ;
| There hath been a Tradition, that Pearl, and Coral, Surchois-S uid
chat have loft their Colours, may be recovered by burying in the Barth;
which is a thing of great profit, if ir would fort : Butupon tryal of fix
weeks Burial, there followed no effe&. It were good tortry it in ade
Well, or ina Confervatory of Snow, where the cold may be more con-|_ ftringents and fo make the Body more united, and thercby. more refp a
tis ep. a
Enns Bodies are heavier and lefs difpofed to Motion when Southern |
Windsblow, then when Northern. The caufeis, for that when the | Southern Winds blow, the Humors do (in fome degree) melt, and ‘ail fluide, andfo flow into theparts ; as itisfeen in Wood, and pee Bodies rr which when rhe Southern Winds blow, dofwell. Befides, the Motion and |) Agtivity of the Body confitteth chiefly in the finews, which, when the
Southern Wind bloweth, are more relax. — | LF is commonly feen, that more are fick inthe Summer, and moredye ide
the Winter ; except it be in Peftilent Difeafes, which commonly reign in | Summer or Avtumn.* The reafon is, becaufe Difeafes are’ bred (indeed) | chiefly by Heat; but thenékey are cured moft by Sweat and Purge, which | intheSummer cometh on, or is provoked more eafily : As for Peftilenes Difeafes, the Reafon why moft dye of them inSummer, is becaufethey are bred moft in the Summer 5 for otherwi(e, thofe that are touched are in riot ’
dangerin the Winter. | Tt general opinion is, That Yearshct and moift, are moft Peftilent $ upon the fuperficial Ground, that Heat and Moifture caule PutrefaGti- | on. In England it isfound nortrues for, many times, there have been great Plaguesin dry years. WVhereof the caufe may be, for that drought in the | Bodies of Iflanders, habitnate to moift Airs, doth exafperate the Humors, | and makeththemmore apt to Putrifie or Enflame; befides, it taintech eliel VVaters (commonly ) and maketh them lefs wholfome. And again in a Barbary, the Plagues break up in the Summer-Moneths, whenthe VVeather i is hot and dry. | | ; 4)
z
i Mn D,feafes, (both Epidemical and others) break forth at particular |
‘fi times. And the caufe isfalfy imputed tothe conftitution of the Alea atthattime, when they break forth orreigns whereasit proceedeth (inde dy | from :a. Precedent Sequence, and Series of the Seafons of the Year : A therefore Hippocrates, in his Prognofticks, doth make good obferyations of a ee that enfue upon the Nature of the precedent four Seafons of the Year. eo al
Ryal hath been made with Earchen Bottles, well ftopped, hanged ir |. VVell of Twenty Fathom deep, at the leat; and tome of the Bottle have been let downinrothe VVater, fome others have hanged above, in abouta Fathom of the VVaters and the Liquors fo tryed have been, | (nor new, but ready for drinking) and VViné, and Milk. The pro | been: ithatboth the Beer, andthe VVine, (as well within V Vater, as | have nor been -palled or deaded atiall ; but as. good, or fomewha Bi
| which did hang above VVater, were apparently the beft ; and that Be
> 7s ey! l!lUC “a Se ee sal | ae
Century FV.
| dower a little; whereas that under Water did nor, though ie were frefh.
i The Milk foured, and began to purrifie. Neverchele(s it is true, that there is a
f Village near Blois, where in deep Caves they do thicken Milk, in fuch fort,
} chat it becometh very pleafant; which was {ome caufe of this tryal of hang-
‘ | ins Milk inthe Well: But our proof was naught, neithérdoL know, whe-
er that Milk in chofe Caves be firft boyled. It were good thereforeto try
i} ‘it with Milk fodder, and with Cream ; for that Milk of it felf,is tacha Com-
5 | pound Body of Cream, Cruds, and Whey, as itis eafily turned and diffolved.
¥ Ie were good alfo to try the Beer, when it isin Wort, thar it may be feen,
wherherthe hanging in the Well, will accelerate the ripening and clarifying oti i,
—
ae we fee, doStut. The caufe may be (in moft) the Refrigeration of
LC the Tongue, whereby it islefs apt to move ; and therefore wefee, ‘that Naturals do generally Strut: And wefee, that inchofethatStur, if they drink Wine moderately, they Sturt lefs, becaufe i itheateth: And fowe fee, } that they that Stut, do Siut more in the fir(t efferto {peak,than in continuance; | becaufethe Tongucis, by motion, fomewhat heated. In fome allo, it may
} be (hough rarely) the dryne(s of the Tongue, which likewife maketh it’
‘| ieBapt to move as well ascold; for itis an affeG that cometh to fome wife (jand greatMcn, asit did unto Mafes, who was Lingue Prapedita: And many
|} Stuiters (we finde) are very Cholerick Men, ears enducing a cnet in|
the Tongue. »
~Mells, and other Odors, are (weetet in the Air, sFeead Set thae: hat near’
the Nofe; ashath been partly touched hérctofore. The caufe is double. Vaca, The finer mixture, or ifcorpotation of the Smell: “For we (ee, that in | Sounds likewifc, they arefweetelt, when we cannot hear every part byit (elf. ) | The other reafon is, Forthat all (weer Smells have. joyned with them fome | Earthy or Crude a 3; and at fome diftancethe Sweet, which is the more | (pirical, i is eat and the Earthy reacheth not fo far. | Sweet Smells are mott forcible in dry Sub(anecs, when they are broken ; Jand fo lke wile in Orexges or Lemmons, the nipping off their Rinde, giveth out | | their fmell more: And generally, when Bodies are moved orftirred, though } aot broken, they fmell more, asa Sweet-Bag waved. The caufe isdoubles {the onc, for that here is a gcatér emiffion of the Spirit, when way is made: | And this hoidet; in the Breaking, MPP or Crufhing ; it holdeth alfo, | (in fome degree) in the Moving. Butinthislaft, thereis a concurrence of | thefecond cavft, which is the Impulfion of the Air, that bringeth the fent | fafter upon us. } . Tae daintieft fmells of Flowers, are out of thofe Plants whofe Leaves tie not; as Violets. Rofes, Wall-flowers, Gilly-flowers, Pincks, Wood-bine, Vine. | flowers, Apple-blooms, Limetree-blooms, Bean-blooms, @c.. The caule is, for that ‘where there is beat and ftrength cnough in the Plant to make the Leaves Odorate, there the {mell ofthe Flower is rather evanide and weaker, than that of the Leaves; asitis in Rofemary-flowers, Lavender- -flowers, and SWeert-Briev Rofes: But where there isJe(s hear, there the Spirit of the Plant is digefted andrefined, and fevered fromthe groffer Juycein the Efflorefcence, and not
tae
I Mott
336. Experiment Solitary,” touching Stutting.
387.
Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Smeks.
388)
389.
eo ry Se Natural Fiiftory ;
Mott Odors fmell beft, broken, or crufht,as hath been (aid ; but Flowe id
preffed or beaten, do lofe che frefhnefs and fweetnels of their Odor. The
caufe is, for that whenthey are crnfhed, the groffer and more carthy Spitit |
cometh out withthe Fimer,and troublethit ; whereas inftronger Odors there | are no fuch degrees of the iffuc of the fmell, ” jo
+ Ad
J ! ay T is athing of very good ule, to difcover the goodnefs of Waters. Bis if tafte to thofe that, drink Water onely doth fomewhat: But other Expe- riments are more fure. Firft, try Waters by weight, wherein you may | finde fome difference, though not much: And thelighter, you may account| the better. , ET - Secondly, Try them by boiling upon an equal fire ; and that which con. | fumeth away fafteft, you may account the beft. is ; Thirdly, Try them in feveral Bottles or open Veffels, matches in every, thing elfe, and fee which of them laft longeft without {tench or corruptions ~ | and that which holdeth unputrified longeft, you may likewife account the |} | beft. | edi : a Fourthly, Try them by making Drinks, ftronger or fmaller, withthe | fame quantity of Malt s and you may conclude, that thar Water, which | maketh the ftronger Drink, isthe more concoéted and nourifhing ; though perhaps it benot fo good for Medicinal ufe. And fuch VVater (commonly) |” is the VVater of large and navigable Rivers; and likewife in large and clean Ponds of ftanding VVater: For'upon both.them, the Sun hathmore power than upon Fountains, or fmall Rivers, And I conceive, that Chalk-wateris. ; next them the beft, for going furtheft in Drink. For thatalfohelpeth con. |) coétion, foit be out of adetp VVell ; for then ircureth therawnefs of the i VVater; but Chalky-water towards the top of the Earth, is too fretting , as it appeateth in Laundry of Cloaths, which wear outapace, if you ufe fich | VVaters. : H Fifthly, The Houfwives do findea difference in Waters, for the bear- |) ing or not bearing of Soap ; and. itis likely, that the more fat water will } beat Soap beft, forthe hungry water doth kill the un@uous nature of the | ‘Soap of i
j
gouching the Goodnefs and Choice of Water.
392.6
393-
(394s
395>
Sixthly, You may make ajudgment of Waters according tothe place, | whence they {pring or come. The Rain-wateris by the Phyfitians efteemea | the fineft and the beft ; but yet it is faid to putrifie fooneft, which is likely , becaufe of the: fineneft of the Spirit ; and in Confervatories of | Rain—water, (fuch as they have in Penéce, @c ) they are found not fol choice Waters ; (the worfe perhaps ) becaufe they are covered aloft A | and kept from the Sun, Snowewater is held unwholefome, infomuch, as | | the people that dwell at the Foot of the Snow Mountains, or otherwife | | upon the afcent, (efpecially the WVomen) by drinking of Snow-water, ft. have great bags hanging under their Throats. _VVell VVater, except it be | upon Chalk, or avery plentiful Spring maketh Meat red, which isan ill fign. | Springs on the tops of high Hills are the beft;_ for both they feem to have | a Lightnefs and Appetite of Mounting ; and befides, they are moft pure and unmingled: And again are more percolated through a great {pace of Barth.
For VVaters in Valleys, joyn in effe& under ground with all, VVaters of the
fame Level s whereas Springs on the tops of Hills, pafs through a great
of pute Earth with lefs mixture of other VVaters. aan 396. Seventhly, Judgment may be made of Waters by the Soyl whereu on _| the VVaterrunneth, as Pebbleis the eleaneft and beft tafted; and next
306.
eee
. wiry AG ip ated me? ae s * din woh
Com IV. : | Clay-water ; andthirdly, Watecupon Chalk ; Fourthly, that upon Sand ;
| andworft of all, upon Mud. Neither may you truft, Warers that talte fweet, | forthey arecommonly found in Rifing-grounds of great Cities, which muft
ne
| needs take in agreat dealof filth.
P ~ > Mies i, J J : : . } ¥N Pera, and diyers parts of the Weft-indies, though under the Linc, the | 398. } Heats are not fo intolerable, as they be in: Barbarys and theSkirts of the } Experiment | Torrid Zone. The caufesare, ficlt, the great Brizes which the motion of the awn ey + Z } Pk: : 7 touching the | Airin great Circles <fuch as are under the Girdle of the World) producceth,
Temperate
| which do refrigerate ; a:d therefore in thofe parts, Noonis nothing fo hot, ee
} when the Brizes aregreat, asabout nine or:ten of theclock in the Fore- Beit e
| noon. . Another caulcis, for that the length of the Night, and the Dews' | thereof, do compence the Heatof, the day. A third caufe is, the ftay of the |
‘| Sun; not inre pe&t of day and night (for that we fpake of before) :bur in |
| refpect of the Seafon: For under the Line, the Sun croffeth the Line, and |
| maketh two Summers and two Winters ; butin the skirts of the Torrdd |
‘| Zone, it doubleth and goeth back again, and fo maketh one long
| Summer. ¢
- 399. Experiment Solitary, touching the Coloration of Black and Tawny Moors.
b He heatof the Sunmaketh Men black in fome Countreys, asin « Z- . eas and Guinny, oc Fire dothitnot as we fee in Glafs-Men, that are } continually about the Fire. The reafon may be, becaufe Fire doth lick up
"| the Spirits and Blood of the Body, fo as they exhale; fo that it ever maketh | Menlook Pale and Sallow ; but the Sun which is agentler heat, doth but ' } draw the Blood to the outward parts, andrather concotethit, then foaketh
it: And therefore, we fee that all c Athiopes are flefhly, plump, and have } great Lips. All which betoken moifture retained, and not drawn out. We
}ieealfo, that the Negroes are bred in Coun'reys that have plenty of Water,
‘| by Rivers or otherwife : For Vero, which was the Metropolis of cZthiopia, | ‘| wasupona great Lake; and Congo, where the Negroes are, is full of Rivers. | And the confines of the River Niger, where the Negroes alfo are , are j well watered ; and the Region about Capo Verde is likewife moift, info- ‘|much, asitis peftilent through moifture: Butthe Countreys of the 4by/- | fenes, and Barbary,and ‘Peru, wherethey are Tawney. and Olivatter, and Pale, are generally more fandy and dry. As for the Zthiopes, asthey are plump and flefhly, 10 (it may be) they are Sanguine and Ruddy coloured, if their
| Black Skin would fuffer it tobe feen. ees
| Ome Creatures do move agood while after their head is off, as Birds. | | Somea verylittle time, as Men andallBeafts. Some move, though cut | Exp Jin feveral pieces, as Snakes, Ecls, Worms, Flics, &c. Firft, therefore it is | 5°!
| certain, thatthe immediate caufe of Death, isthewefolution orextinguifh- | asorion afier j ment of the Spirits; and thatthe deftru@tion or corruption of the Organs, } the ‘nflans of tis but the mediate caufe. But fome Organs are fo peremptorily necellary, eek
j that the extinguifhment of the Spirits doth {peedily follow ; but yetfo, as |.
| there is an interim of afmall time. It is reported by one of the Ancients, of J credit, That a Sacrificed Beaft hath lowed after the Heart hath been fevered; 3 it is areport alfo of credit, That the Head of a Pig hath been opened,
400. Experiment
jand the Brain put into the Palm of a Mams Hand, trembling, without | breaking any part of it, or feyering itfrom the Matrow of the Back-bone: during which time, the Pig hathbees, inall appearance, ftark dead, and Without motion: And after a {mall ae the Brain hath been neers ee, y z _ and I
a?
‘iad iadh ili #
Reval Fifoo
and the Skull of the Pig. clofed, and the Pig hath alittle after gone abot Ont And certain it is, thatan Eye upon Revenge, hath been thruft forth, fo aS hangeda pretty diftance by the Vifual Nerves’ and during that time,” ‘hath been’ without any power of Sight; and yetafter (being replace covered Sight. Now the Spirits are chiefly inthe Head, and Cells Brain,» which inMen and Beafts are large; and therefore! when the H | off, they movelittle ornothing : But Birds have {mall Heads, and ther fore the Spirits are alittle mote difperfed i in the Sinews , whereby Motion ; | maineth in them alittle longer; infomuch, as itis extant in ftory, that’ | Emperorof Rome, to flew the certainty of his hand, did fhoota great Forked | _ Arrow at an Eftrich, as the ran {wiftly upon the Stage, and ftroke off het | | Head; and yet fhe continued the race a little way with her Head off. As} | for Worms, and Flies, and Eels, the Spirits are diffufed Bh te all over sand | | | therefore they move in their feveral pieces. Be ei | . obi Oh, Ta
ye! nk thei te AE, ache we ans
> 2 > SEN gz ¢ BA 4 $) oj : oon AG GCC EGE | Rexeeh-ee8-e: CCC CC oen ¢ Ser PPP GPG
Century V.
=9 E will now enquire of Plants ot Vegetables; and we fhall Age i do ic with diligence. Thcy are the principal part of svt che Third days Works they are the firt Producat, which fot is the word of Animation, for the other words arebut the words of Effence ; and they are of excellent and generalufz, For Food; Medicine, and a number of AZedi.
cinal Aris.
There were fown in a Bed, Turnip feed, Raddifb-feea Wheat, Cucumber-[eed, jand Peafe, TheBed we calla Hot-bed, and the manner of itisthis,’ There
half a foot high, and fupported round abont with Planks; and upon the | top was catt fifted Earth, fome two fingers deep; and then the Seed | {prinkled upon it, having been fteeped all/might in W ater mixed with Cow- |dang. The Turnip-feed, and the VYneat, came up half an inch aboveground, | within two days after, without any watering; thereft the third day, The Experiment was made in Oéober, and (it may be) intheSpring, the Accele- | rating would have been the fpeedier, This is a noble’ Experiment; for, . without this help, they would have been four times as long incoming up. | But there doth not occur to nie, at this prefent, any ule thereof, for pro-
{ | fit, except it fhould be for Sowing of Pease; which have their price very
much increafed by the early coming. | tics, Strawberries; and other Fruit which are deareft, when they come
"| early. : % There was Wheat fteeped in Water mixed with Cow-dung, other im
FF other
It may be tryed alfo with Cher- |
Water mixed with Horfe-dung, other in Water mixed withPigeon-dung,
0%.
401,
402,
Experiments | in Confort, touching the Acceleration | of Germinasi-
i
404,
ie r ‘ ce at Pn ——
Ya I ee a
405.
Natural Hiftory otherin Urine of Man, otherin Water mixed with Chalk powdred, oth | in Water mixed with Soot, other in Water mixed with Afhes.- other in | Water mixedwithBay-Salt, otherin Claret Wine, otherin Malmfey, other } in Spititof Wine. The proportion of the mixture was, a fourth part of | the ingredients tothe Water, fave that there was not of the Salt above an| cight part. The Urine, and Winds, and Spiritof Wine, were fimple without |
mixture of Waters the time of fteeping was twelve hours; thetime ofthe ie year Odtober. There was alfo other Wheat fown unfteeped, but watred twice a {
. ,
day with warm Waters there wasalfo other Wheat fown fimple, to com- | pare it with the reft. The event was, that thofe that werein the mixture of | Dung, and Urine, Soot, Chalk, Afhes, and Salt, came up within fix days ; | _ and thofe thatafterwards proved the highelt, thickeft, and moft lufty, were, | firftthe Urine, and then the Dungs ; next the Chalk, next the Soot, hext } the Afhes, next the Salt, next the Wheat fimple of it felf unfteeped and | | unwatered, next the watered twice aday with warm Water. next the Claret | Wine. So that thefe three laft were flower than the ordinary Wheat of it } felf; andthis Culture did rather retard than adyance. “As fort ofe that | — were fteeped in Maimfey, and Spirit of Wine, they came not upatall, This is a rich Experiment for profit; forthe moft of thefteepings are> cheap | things, and the goodnefs of the crop is a great matter of gain ; if the | goodnefs of the crop anfwer the earlinefs of the coming up, -as it is like it | will, both being from thevigor of the Seed ; which alfo partly appeared | in the former Experiment, as hath been faid. This Experiment would be | tryed inother Grains, Seeds, and Kernels; for itmay be fome fteeping will | agree beft with {ome Seeds. It would be alfo tryed with Roots fteeped as | before, but forlonger time; itwould be eryed alfo in feveral feafonsof the Year, efpecially inthe Spring. ; 1 Strawberries Watered now and then (asoncein three days) with Water, 1 wherein hath been fteeped Sheeps-dung, or Pigeons-dung, will prevent and | comeearly. And itis like the fame effc& would follow in other Berries, Herbs, | | Flowers, Grains, ox Trees; and therefore itis an Experiment, though vulgaria | Strawberries, yet not brought into wfe generally : Forit isufual to help the | | Ground with Muck, and likewifetorecomfort it fometimes with Muck put | tothe Roots, but to water it with Muck-wattr, which is like to be more | forcible, isnot pradtifeds = : { iP Dung, or Chalk; or Blood, applied in fabftance (feafonably) tothe Roots | of Trees; doth ferthem forwards. . Buttodoit unto Herbs, without mixture | o{ Water or Earth, it may be thefe helps are too hot. ool s Hel The former means of ee Germination, are either by the goodnefs | and ftrength of the Nourifhment, or by the comforting and exciting the | | Spiritsinthe Plant, to draw the Notrifhmentbetter. And of this latter kinde } ‘concerning the’comforting of the Spirits of the Plant, are alfo the experi- | ment that follow; though they be nor applications to the Root or Seed. | The planting of Trees warm upon a Wall, againft the South or South-Eatt } | Sun , doth haften their coming on and ripening; and the South-Baft
is foundro be better than the South-Weft, though the South-Weft be. ne |
| horter Coat. But the caufe is chiefly , for that the heat of the morning
fucceedeth the cold of the night; and partly, becaufe (many. times | Sourh-Weft Sum is too parching. So likewife planting of them upe | Back of a Chimney wherea fireiskept, doth haitentheir coming on, % *ripening : Nay more, the'drawing of the Boughs into the infide of | room, ‘where a Fire*is continually keprt,, worketh the fame effe& ; wl
C entury V.
——$—<$<—<$—
s|thenth:Grapes abroad. _— | i ered iso Sachin! | Befides the rwo Means of Accelerating Germination formerly deferibed;. _ |that-is to fay, the mending of the Nourifhment,; comforting of theSpirit of _}the Plant; there is a third, which is the making way forthe eafie coming to | the Nourifhmenr, and drawing it. And therefore gentle digging and loo{ning _| of the Earth about the Roots of Trees,and the removing Herbs and#lowers _} into new Earth, oncein two years (which isthe fame thing, for the new Earth _} is ever loofer) doth greatly further the profpering and earlimefs of Plants. But the moft admirable Acceleration by facilitating the Nourifhment, is thatof Water. For a Standard of a Damask, Rofe withthe Rooton, was fer ina Chamber , where no Fire was, upright in an Eatthen Pan, full of fair | Water, without any mixture, half afootunderthe Water, the Standard be- | ing more than two foot high above the Water. Within, in the {pace of ten | days, the Standard did put forth a fair green Leaf, and fome other little Buds, which ftood at aftay without any fhew of decay or withering, more | then feven days. But afterwards that Leaf faded, but the young Buds did | fprout on; which afterward opened into fair Leaves, in the fpace of three Moncths, and continued fo awhile after, till upon removal weleftthetryal. _} But note, thatthe Leaves were fomewhat paler, and light-coloured thenthe Leaves ufe to be abroad. Note, thatthe firlt Buds were in the end of Odober, | and itis likely, thatif it had been in the Springtime, it would have put forth | with greater ftrength, and (it may) be to have grown on to bear Flowers. | By this means, you may have (as ir(eemeth)Rofes fetin the midft of aPool, being fupported with fome ftays which is matter of rarene(s.and pleafure, though of fmallufe. This is the more ftrange, forthat the like Rofe Stand. | ard was put at the fame time, into Water mixed with Horle-dung, the Horfe- ‘| dung about the fourth partto the Water, andinfourMoneths fpace (while it | | was oblerved) put not forthany Leaf, though divers. Buds atthe firft, asthe | other, : |} A Dutch Flowerthathad a Bulbons Root, was likewile put atthe fame time all under Water, fome two or threc fingers deep ;_ and within {even days fprouted, andcontinued long after further growing. There were alfo putin, | a Beet-root, a Borrage-root, and a Raddish-veor, Which had all their Leaves cut al- | moft clofe to the Roots ; and within fix weeks had fair Leaves, amd fo. con- | tinued till the end of November. . . Note, that if Roots, or Peale, or Flowers may beaccelerated in their | coming andripening, thereisadouble profit; the one inthe high price that thofe things bear whenthey comeearly ;_ theorherimthe fwiftnefs. of their | returns: For infome Grounds which are {trong you fhall havea Raddifh,&c. | comein amoneth, thatin other Grounds will not come in two, and fo make | double returns, raat oi gdieanilista i Wheat alfo was put into the Water, and came not forthat all; fo as it | fcemeth theremutft be fome ftrength and bulk in the Body, put intothe Wa | ter, as itisin Roots; for Grains, or Seeds, the cold of the Water will morti- | fie. Bur cafuafly fome Wheat lay uaderthe Pan, which was fomewhat moi- } flened by the fuing of the Pan, which in fix weeks (as aforefaid) looked mouldy tothe eye, but it was fprouted forth half a fingers'length. 69 » It feemeth by thefeInftances of Water, that for nourifhmentthe Water ; is almoft allinall; and chat the Earth doth but keepthe Plant upright, and \ fave it from over-heat, and over-cold 3 and therefore is a comfortable
| Experiment for good Drinkers, It proveth alfo that our former opinion, that
~
6~e. ee ee OV MIGE ' f e ‘ ‘ Mi / ' , . ha BE x : : > “4 | 91 F {
| hath beentryed with Grapes; infomuch, as they will come aMoneth earlier, |
Drink } |
406,
407.
408.
409.
| 4 | |
« : ‘ / ae a ‘
92 | Nawal ify, = ae Drink incorporate with Flefh ot Roots (as in Capon-Beer, Oe.) will 1 nour “
. more eafily than Meat and Drink taken feverally. 413. The Houfing of Plants (I conceive) will both Acceletare Geitiidaciod| | and bring forth Flowers and Plants in the colder Seafons : And as we Houle- hot Councrey Plants, as Lemmons, Orenges, Myrtles,to fave them ; fo we may Houfe our own Country Plants to forward them, and make them come in the cold Seafons, in fuch fort, that you may have Violets, Strawberries, Peafe, | all Winter: So that you fow or remove them at fittimes. This Experiment | | is to be referred unto the comforting of the Spirit of thePlant by warmth, as | well as Houfing their Boughs, &c. Sothenthe means to saat Germi- nation, are in 1 particular eight, in general three.
J ;
413. Experiments in Confort, touching the Putting back or Retardation of Germina-_ thowe
™O make Ro/es or other lowers comelate, it isan Experiment of -Pleafure. T Forthe Ancients efteemed much of Rofa Sera, andindéed the November | Rofe is the fweetelt, having been lefs exhaled by the Sun. The Means are thefe, Firft, The cutting off their tops immediately after they have done bear. | ing, and then they will come again the fame year about November; but they | will not come juft on the tops where they Were cur, but out of thofe Shoots a which were (as it were) Water-boughs. ‘The caule is, for thar taeSap, 4 which otherwife would have fed the top, (though after bearing) will, by the difcharge of thar, oe unto the Siae- ieee and they will come to | bear, but later. , | The feboad isthe Paling ne the Buds of the Rofe, whes they ate newly | knotted, for then the fide Branches will bear. The caufe is the ie withthe | former: For cutting off the Tops, and pulling off the Buds, work the fame effea, in | Retenfion of the Sap fora time, and Diverfion of it to the Sprouts that were | not foforward. ; The third is the cutting off roan felw oF tite Top-boughs in the Spring time but fuffering the lower Boughsto grow on. The caufeis, for that the } Boughs do help to draw up the Sap mere ftrongly ; and we'fee that in ; Pouling of Trees, many do ule to leave a Bough or two on the top to} help to draw up the Sap. And it is reported alfo, That if yougraft upon | : the Bough of a Tree, and cut off forme of the old Boughs; the new Cions | . will perth The fourth is by laying the Roots bare about Chriftmas {ome aij The | caufe is plain, for that it doch atreft the Sap from going upwards for atime; } which arteft, is afterwards releafed by the covéring of the Root again wich | | Barth, and then the Sap getteth up, but later. | 417. |. “The fifth is theremoving of the Tree fome Moneth befere’ it Buddethi, a cee & The caufe i is, forthatfome time will be required after the Remove, for the } | Refetling, before itcan draw the MS and that time being loft, thebloffom | muft needs come forth later, | Thefixth is the Grafting of Rofes in My, which commonly Gardiner | donot till July, and thea they bear not till the next year 5 ‘but if vos them i in May, they will bear the fame year, butlare. ) | Thefeventh isthe Gitding of the Body of the Tree about wiht fo ve | | Packthred-5 for thatalfo in a degree : reftraineththe Sap, Babine itcon € | up more late, and more flowly. | A : The eighth isthe Plaiiting of threo in'a Shade orina Hedge, Thees : | is, pattly the keeping out of the Sun, whieh haftnéth the Sap: torife, : partly: the tities of thet of Nourifhment ii the ftuff in the |
414.
AIS.
A16.
a
Ba te ota ia Lee 4 — ir. , Vas were
venury Vo | 93
‘ . niente | thefe means may be pra@tifed uponother, both Trees, and Flowers, scutatis | | mutandis, ( | _ Menhaveentertained a conceit that fheweth prettily; namely, Thar if 421: } you graft a Late: coming: Fruit, upon a Stock of a Frait-tree thar cometh car- | ly, the Graft willbear Fruit early, as aPeachupon.a Cherry: And contrari- | wife, if an Early-coming- Fruit upen a Stock of a Pruit-tree that cometh late, ] the Graft will bear Fruit late ; as a Cherry upon aPeach. Burchefe are but | imaginations, and untrue. . The caufe is, for that the Cions over-ruleth the } Stock quite, and the Stock is but Paflive onely, and giveth Aliment, but no. Motion to the Graft. ; | .
W/* will fpeak now, how to make Fruits, Mowers, aod Roots larger, in | experiments 1 more plenty and fweeter than they ule robe; and howto make the Jin Confort, | Trees themfelves more tall, more fpred, and more hafty and fudden, than paging ig {they ule tobe. Wherein there is no doubr, but the former Experinienes | of Fruit.Trees, 1 of e Acceleration will ferve much to thefe purpeies. Andagain, thatthele }477?@7. Experiments which we fhalinowfet down, doferve alfofor eAcceleration, be-.
caufe both Effe&s proceeds from the enareafe of Vigorinthe Tree; bur yet
] toavoid confufion. And becaufefome of the Meansare more proper for the
one effec, and fome forthe other. We willhandie them aparr.
It is an affured Experience, That an heap of Flint or Stone, laidaboutthe | 422., bottom of a wilde Tree, (asin Oak, Elm, Afh, &c.) upon the firlt planting,
| doth make itprofper double-as muchas without it. the canfeis, for that
J itretaineth the moifture which falleth at any time uponthe Tree, and fuffer-
eth itnotto be exhaledby theSun. Again, it keepeththe Tree warm from
{cold Blafts and Frofts, asit were inanHoule, It may be alfo, there is fome-
| what in the keeping of itfteady atthe firft. :Quere, if laying of Straw fome
| height abour the Body of a Tree, will not make the Tree forwards : For
| thoughthe Root giveth the Sap, yetitisthe Bodythat draweth it, But you
muft note, thatif you lay Stones about the Stalk of Lettuce, or other Plants
{that are more fofr, it will over-moiften the Roots, fo as the Worms will cat
jthem. © }
A Treeat the firk feiting, fhouldnotbefhaken,-untilit hathtakenRoot} 423 | fully ; And therefore fome have put too dittle Forks about the bottom of
| their Trees, to keep themupright ; but after a years rooting, then fhaking
| doth the Tree good py loofning of the Earth, and (perhaps) by éxercifing
(as it were) and ftirring the Sap of the Tree.
; Generally, thecutting away of Boughs and Sucke Body, doth make Trees grow highs andcoarrariwif@) th |ting of the top, maketh them grow, fpred, and ‘bi } lords, &c. itl | It isreported, That to make hafty growing Coppice-wood, the way isy} 425+ | totake Willow, Sallow, Popler, Alder, of fomefeven yearsgrowths and{
attheRoot and} 424: ut. as we fee In Pol-
rs
|to fer them, not upright, buta-flope, a reafonable depth under the Ground ; and then inftead of one Root they willput forth many, andfocarry more § jfhoots uponaStem. ~ q
When you would have many new Roots of Fruit-Trees, take alow] 428: | Itee, andbowir, and lay all his Branches a flat uponthe ground, and cait , Earth upon them, and every twig willtake Root, Andthis is a very profitable Experiment for coftly Trees s ¢ forthe Boughs will make Stocks without
charge ) fuch as are eApricots, Peaches, Almonds, Cornelians, Mulberries, Figs;
Ores
wr) ‘% -< + Th . my > ' ea — Maia,
oo many
Naw Fifletyy &c. The like is continually practifed with Vines, Rofes, Musk-Ro; es, | Xe. oon a Froria A44y to July youmay take off the Bark of any Bough, being of the bignefs of ‘Three or four Inches, and cover the bare place, .fomewhat | above and below with Loam, welltempered with Horfe-dung; bindia ait faft down. Then cut-off the Bough about Alhollantide m the bare place, and fet itin Ground, and ie will growtobe.a fair Tree in one yeats), dhe caulla may be, for that the Bearing from the Bark, keepeth the Sap from defeends | ing towards Winter, and {o holdethitinthe Bough; and it may.bealfo, that’ Loam and Horfe-dung applied tothe bare place, do moiften it and cherifh | ic, and make it more apt to put forth the Root. Note, thatthis may be a general means forkeeping up the Sap of Trees in their Boughs,/ which may
{erve to other effets. ae tata stom ; Ic hath been pradtifed in Trees that fhew fair and bear not, to bore a hole thorow the Heart of the Tree, and thereuponit will bear. Which may | be, for that the Tree before hath too much Repletion, and, was opprefled with his own Sap; ae aed is. an enemy toGeneration. ¥is ) oof It hath been practifedin Trees thatdonotbear, to cleave two or three } of the chief Roots, and to put into the Cleft a fmall Pebble which may | Keep it open, and then it willbear. The caufe may be, for that a Root of} a Tree may be (as it were) hide-bound, no lefsthen the Body of the Tree; | but it will not keep open without fomewhat put into it. lenigaiad a Itis ufually practifed to fet Trees that require much Sun, upon Walls | againft the South ; as e//pricots, Peaches, Plumbs, Vines, Fags, and the like. Ic | hatha double commodity ; the one, the heap the Wall by reflexion; the } other, the taking away of the fhade: For whena Tree groweth round, the’! upper Boughs over fhaddow the lower, but when it is pred upon a Wall, | the Sun cometh alike upon the upper and lowerBranches; ee | It hath alfo been practifed (by fome) to pull fome Leaves from: the Trees fo fred, that the Sunmay come upon the Bough and Fruit the bet-} ter. There hathbeen practifed alfo a curiofity, to feta Tree uponthe North | fide of a Wall, and ata little height,-todraw him through the Wall; andi fred him upon the South fide ; conceiving, that the Root and lower. part}|| of the Stock fhould enjoy the frefhnefs of the fhade,' and the upper Boughs } and Fruit, the comfort of the Sun; but itforted not. The caufe is, for that | the Root requireth {ome comfort from the Sun, though under Earth, as well} asthe Body; and the lower part of the Body more tlt the upper, as we | {ee in compafling a I'ree below with itraw- Big Sa elownels ofthe Bough, wherethe Fruit cometh, maketh the Fruit | eed and to better ; foryou fhallever fee in Apricotes, Peaches, Ox |
¢ WMelo-Cotones upon _| France the Grapesthat
Wall, the greateft Fruits towards thebottom. And in|) make the Wine, grow upon the low Vines, boundto}} |
~ ge Stakes ; andthe raifed Vines in Arbors, make but Verjuyce. It is} true, that‘in Ztaly, and other Countreys where they have hotter Sun, they raife them upon Elms and Trees: But Iconceive, that if the French man= \ner of Planting low, were brovight inufe, their Wines would be ftronger andfweeter : But it is more chargeable in refped of the Props. It were | good to try whether a Tree grafted fomewhat near the ground, and the lower Boughs onely maintained, and the higher continually proyn | would notmake a larger Fruit. | ? cen ae : on To have Fruit in greater Plenty, theway is to graft, not onely ane Stocks, but upon divers Boughs of an old Trees for they wi.
429.
|
431.
432,
thay
ay
Century Ve
‘| greatnumbers of Fruit; whereas if you graft but upon one Stock;the’T'ree {can bear bur few. | dou
eo
‘} bur in Vines ; which, if it were transferred unto other Treesand Shrubs, (as | Rofes, &c.) 1 conceive, would advance them likewife. )
1} _It hath been known; that a Fruit-tree hath been blown up (almoft) by ‘the Roots, and fet up again, and the nexc year bare exceedingly. The }| caufe of this was nothing but the loofening of the Earth, which comforterh }any Tree, and is fitto be praétifed more than it is in Fruit-trees: For 1) Trees cannot be fo fitly removed into new Grounds, as Flowers and Herbs
may.
| new Mould to the Roots, isthe way. We fee alfo that Draught-Oxen put | into ficfh Pafture, gather new and tender flefh ; and in all things, better { nourifhment than hath been ufed, doth help to renew, efpecially, if itbe | notonely better but changed, and diffcring from the former, .__
| If an Herb be cut off from ‘the Roots in thebeginning of Winter, and /then the Earth be trodden and beaten down hard withthe Foor and Spade, the Roots willbecome of very great magnitude in Summet.* The reafonis, for that the moifture being forbiddento come up inthe Plant, ftayethlonger
intheRoot, and*fo dilateth it. And Gardiners ufe to tread down any loofe |
Ground afterthey have fown Onions, or Turnips, &c, | |the Root to grow to an exceflive bignefs. The caufe is, for that being it | | felf of afpungy fubftance, it draweth the moiftute of the Earth toit, andfo | feedeth theRoot. This is of greateft ule for Onions, Turnips, Parfnips, and | Carrets. Gem i | +The fhifting of Ground is a means to better the Tree and Fruit; bur | with thisCaution, That all things do profper beft,; when thty are advanced | tothe better. Your Nurfery of Stocks ought tobe in amore barren Ground, | than the Ground is whereunto youremove them. Soall Grafiers prefet their
“Cattle from meaner Paftures to better. We fee alfo, thathardnefs inyouth j lengthneth life, becaufe it leaveth a cherifhing to the better of the Body in Age: Nay, in exercifes it is good to begin with the hardeft, as Dancing in
; thick Shooes, &c. | [ | __Ithath been obferved that hacking of Trees in their Bark, both down-
jright, and acrofs, fo as you make them rather in flices, than incontinued | Hacks, doth great goodto Trees, and efpecially delivereth them from being | Hide bound, and killeth their Mots. Marea, ef : Shadeto fome Plants conduceth to make them large and profperous }more than Sun; as inStrawberries, and Bays, &c. Therefore amongit Straw- | berries, fow here and there fome Botrage- Seed; and you fhall finde the Siraw- | berries under thofe Leaves, far more large than their fellows. And Bays you | muft planttothe North, or defend them fromthe Sun by a Hedg Row ; and | when you fow the Berries, weed not the Borders forthe firft half years for | the Weed giveth them Shade. | | | Toincreafe the Crops of Plants, there would be confidered; not onely | the increafing the Luft of the Earth, or of the Plant, bur the faving alfo of that whichis fpilt. So they have lately made atryaltofer VVheat 3 which | neverthelefs hath been left off, becaufe of the trouble and pains; yet fo much is true, that there is much faved by the Setting, in Be el rs | that
.
{ jue f |
_ Torevive an old Tree, the digging of it about the Roots, and applying .
If Panicum be laid below, and abourthe bottom of aRoot, it will catfe.
mn - hee ~ = ~
| eS
AF The digging yearly about the Roots of Trees, which isagreatmeans,;) 434- 7} both to the Acceleration and Melioration of Fruits, is pra@tifed in nothing es
437.
439-
2 6am Seen or AO ee ae
Nail Hiftory ;
that which is Sowns both by Keeping i it frorn being picked up by Birds, a by avoiding the fhallow lying of it. whereby much that is fown,, taker n Root. »
Itis prefcribed by fome of the Ancients, that you take fall Tre s, U pot which Figs or other Fruit grow, being yer unripe, and coverthe Trees i the middle of Autumn with Dung until the Spring, and then cake thet 1 -|up in awarm day, and replant them ingood Ground; andby that means, { the former years Tree will be ripe, as by anew Birth, when other Trees o of the fame kinde do but bloffom. Bur this feemeth to have no gtcat pro: bability.
Itisreported, That if you take Nitre, and mingle it wit WViter, te the thicknefs of Honey, and therewith anoint the Bud, after the Vine is€ut | it will fprout forth within eight days. The caufe is like to’ be ne th Experiment be true) the opening of the Bud, and of the parts ig
d
444.
ous, by the Spirit of the Nitre; for Nitre is (asit were) the file tables.
Take Seed or Kernels of Apples, Pears, Orenges; ‘or aPeach, or a Plan Stone, @c. And put them into a Squill, (which islike agreat Onion) and they] | will come up much earlier than in the Earth it felf. This I conceive to beas
a kinde of Grafting i inthe Root; for asthe Stock of a Graftyielderh better prepared nourifhment to the Graft, than the Crude Earth, fe theSquill doth | | the like tothe Seed; and, I fuppofe, the fame would be‘done, by putting Kernels into a Turnip, orthe like, fave that the Squill is more vigorous j and hot. It may be tryed alfo, with putting Onion-Seed into an Onion 5 ||
Head , which thereby (perhaps) will ng ays a larger and earlier Onion. .
The pricking of a Fruit in feveral places, ‘nen it is almoft at his Bh i) nefs, and before itripeneth, hath been praétifed with fuccels, to ripen tht Fruit more fuddenly. We {ee the example of the biting of Walps or Worms} upon Fruit (whereby icmanifeftly) ripeneththe fooner, |
It isreported, That ~Alga Marina (Sea-Weed) put under the Roots afl Colworts, and (perhaps) of other Plants, will further their growch, “The i] veriue (-no oe hath relation to Salt, which is a great help to Fel |
tility.
445.
446, 447.
Ithath been practifed tocut off the Stalks of Cucumbers, mutetial { after their bearing clofe by the Earths and then to caft a pretty quantity Earth upon the Plantthatremaineth, and they will bear the next year Fruic| long before the ordinary time. The caufe may be, forthat the Sap goeth | down the fooner, and is not fpent inthe Stalk or Leaf, which remaineth}) after the Fruit. . Where nore, thatthe Dying inthe Winter, of the Roots orf Plants that are Annual, feemeth to be partly caufed by the ot ae otf the Sap into Stalk and Leaves; which being prevented, they will hie ann ate, if they ftand warm. vd
- The pulling off many of the Bloffomsfrom a Fruit-tree, doth inde the Fruit fairer. The caufe is manifeft, for thattheSap haththe lefs to nourith And it isa common experience, That if you do not pull off fome Blof the firft time a Tree bloometh, it will bloffom it felf to death. y
’ It were goodtotry what would be the effect, if allthe Bloffoms ver pulled from aFruit-tree, orthe Acorns and Chefnut.buds, &c. froma Tree, for two years together, I fuppofe, thatthé Tree will either put the third year bigger, and more eae Fruit’; or on fame years, es becanfe of ne ftored oe SS SPS Dg YA
448.
4495>
450.
eee Aaa te a My =e
ee ee ae . .
|)» It hathbeen generally received; that aPlant watred,with warm W ater, | will come up fooner and better, than with cold Water, or with Showers, | But the Experiment of watering Wheat with warm Water (as hath been | 4 faid) fucceeded not; which may be, becaufe the tryal was too late _
451°
|
“\the Year, viz. inthe end of Odsber. For the Cold then coming upon the '|Seed, after it was made more tender by the watm Water, might Di check lite \{ i200 00) Dike é a a isno doubt, but that Grafting (for the moft part) doth meliorate | 452. | the Fruit... Fhe caufeismanifeft, forthac the nourifhment is better prepared inthe Stock, than inthe Crude Earth: Buc yet note well, that there be fome | Trees that are faid tocomeup morehappily from the Kernel, than from the Graft; as the Peach, and Melocotone. The caufe, I fuppofeto be, for that thofe Plants require a nourifhment of great moiftures and though the nou. ‘| rifhment of the Stockbe finer, and better prepared, yet it isnotio moiftand | | plentiful, as che nourifhment of the Earth, And indeed we fee thofe Fruits | are very cold Fruits in their Nature. alah) bade SQ" gt I¢hath been’received, that a fmaller Pear grafted upon a Stock that| 453+ bearetha greatcr Pear, will becomegrear. But I think it isas true, as that of | the Prime-Fruit upon the late Stock, and ¢ Cossroverfo, which we rejected before; for the Cions will govern, Neverthelefs, it is probable enough, | that if you can get a Cions togrow upona Stock.of another kinde, thar is |. much moifter than hisown Stock, it may make the Fruit greater,’ becaufe it | will yield more plentiful nourifhment, though itislike ic will makethe Fruit. bafer. Butigenerally the grafting is upon a dryer Stock; asthe Apple upon | aCrab, the Pear upon-a Thorn, &c.. Yet it is reported, thatin the Low- ‘| Countreys they will graft an Apple-Cions upon the Stock of aColewort, and | it willbear a great flaggy Apple ; the Kernel of which. if itbe fer, will bea | Colewort, andnotanApple. It were good rotry, whether an Apple-Cions | will profper,if itbe grafted upon aSallow or upon aPoplar,or upon an Alder, ot uponan Elm, or upenan Horfe-Plum, which arethe moifteft of Trees. I | | have heard that it hath been tryed upon an Elm;and fucceeded. | _—_ Te is manifeft by experience, That Flowers removed, waxgreater,be-| 454: caufe the nourifhment is more eafily come by intheloofeEarth. It may be, that oft regrafting of the fame Cions, may likewife make Fruitgreater; asif you take aCions, andgraftit upon a Stock thefirftyear; and thencut it off, | and graft it upon another Stock the fecond year, and fo for a third, or fourth | year, and then letitreft, it willyield aftetward, whenit beareth, the greater | Fruit. Of Grafting, there are many Experiments worth the noting, bur thofe We referve to! 4 proper place. Ns et te ie It maketh Figs better, if aFig-tree, when it heginnethto putforth| 455. ‘| Leaves, havehis top cut off, The caufe is plain, for that che Sap hath the lefs | ‘|to feed, andthe lefs way to mount: But it may bethe Fig will come fome- | what later, as was formerly touched. The fame may be tried likewife in other ‘Trees. | ith asc : . It isreported,; That Mulberrics will be fairer, andthe Tree more frnit- | 456. ful, if you bore the Trunk of the Tree thorow in feveral places, and thruft ) | into the places bored,' Wedgesof fome hot Trees 5, as Turpentine, Muaftick-tree, | Gusiacum, Juniper, &c. The caufe may be, for that Adventive heat doth chear | up the Native Juyceof the Tree. — pia; 2 | Itisreported, That,Trees will grow greater and bear betrerFruit, if| 457, ‘| youpuat Sult, or Lees of Wine,orBloodtothe Root. The caufe may betheen- | ? a. me : ip Gea ye
.
a ‘ MG
ih ha” be « : “ar ~ Pl te » 7 1 © “ ¥ :
98 | : Natural Hiffory P : ss
creafing the Luft or Spirit of the Root: Thefe things being more forcible | than ordinary compotts. ited : Pot since an A538. It is reported by one of the Ancients, that Artichoaks will be lefs prick- |) ; ly, and more tender, if the Seedshave theirtops dulled or grated off upon . 459. |' Herbs willbe tenderer, and fairer,’ if you take them out of Beds when |
they arenewly comeup, and remove them into Pots withbetter Earth: Phe |) remove from Bed to Bed was {poken of before; but that was-in feveral | years, \this isupon the fudden. ‘The caufe is the fame with otherremoves, |. formerly mentioned. |» (iu die g6u a3 A303 ahi a | 460. Cole'vorts are reported by onelof the Ancients, to profperexceedingly, | and to be better.tafted, if they be fometimes watred iS aedsaten la : much more with Water mixed with Nitre’; the Spiritof whichislefs Adit | ~ \yrentthan Salt. } DIG 2, thy Lo posenallig 461. It is reported, “That Cucumbers will prove more tender and dainty, if | their Seedsbe fteeped (little) in Milk; the caufemay be, for thatthe Seed being mollified withthe Milk, willbe too weak to draw the grofferJuyce of the Earth, butonelythe finer. Thefame Experiment may be made in Arti- choaks, and other Seeds:, when you would take away, either their Flafhi- | | nefs or Bitternefs.. They {peak alfo, thatthe like effect followeth of fteep- ing in Water mixed with Honey; but that feemeth tome not fo probable, | becaufe Honey hath too quick a Spirit. ; ious 462. It is reported, That Cucumbers will be lefs Watry, and more Melon- | like, if inthe Pitwhere you fetthem, you fill it (half way up) with Chaff, or | {mall Sticks, and then power Earth upon them; for Cucumbers, asitfeemeth, | do extreamly affe& moifture, and over-drink themfelvess which this Chaff, | or Chips forbiddeth.. Nay itis further reported, That if when a Cucumber | is grown, you fet a Pot of water about five or fix inches diftance from it, | it will in Four’and twenty hours fhoot fo much out as to touch the Por; | which if it betrue, itis an Experimentof anhigher nature than belongeth | to this Title: Foritdifcovereth Perceptionin Plantsto move towards that | which fhould help and comfort them, thoughit be at adiftance. "The ancient } Tradition of the Vine is far more ftrange : It is, that if you feta ftake, or i prop; fomediftancefrom it, it will grow that way, whichis far ftranger (as } isfaid) than the other: For that Water may work bya Sympathy of At | traction :. But this of the Stake feemeth to bea reafonable difcourfe. ——‘F 463. It hath been touched before,that Terebration of Trees doth make them } profper better. Butitisfound alfo, thatit maketh the Fruit {weeter, and | betters "Phe caufe is, forthat notwithftandingthe Terebration, they may | receive Aliment fufficient , andyetno more than they can wellturn, and |) | difgeft 3 and withal do fweat outthe courfeft and unprofitableft Juyce, even | as itisin Living Creatures; which, by moderate feeding, and cette sted fiyeat, attain the foundeft habit of Body. u a ee |. 464. As Terebration doth meliorate Fruit, fo, upon the like reafon, doth Letting of Plants Blood; as Pricking Vines, or other Trees, a‘ter they beof | >-x | fome growth, and thereby letting forthGum or Tears, though this be notto continue, asit is in Terebration, butatfome Seafons. Anditis reported, thatby this-artifice, Bitter Almondshave been turnedintofweet. 9 = it -465.- }} ~The Ancients for the Dulcorating of Fruit, docommend Swines r | / above allother Dung, which may be, becaufe of the moiftureof tha (| ee | whereby the Excrement hath lefs’Acrimony , for we fee Swines and] | . Flethisthe moilteft of fictes.. or bole, dite W 120m FO ee
¥
j
; s j q : \ * Ad
ey eateneneacmaaadincnnan cain aa
were Fae
7
.
_ Centiiry Wi
Bl whpis obferved by fome, that all Herbs wax tweeter,’ both in fmell and tate, if afterthey be grown up fome reafonable time, ‘they be cut, and fo
R ayeth inthe Rootand Stalk, che betierst concogteth,' For one ofthe chicf
‘what inferior to the Cions. For orherwife it dullethits They commend much the Grafting of Pears, or Apples, upon a Quincey!) yeni ay
| down astryed,that amixture of Bran and Swines Dung or Chaff and Swines- Dung (efpecially laid up together foriamoneth torot):isa very great nourifh- ber and-comforter toa Fruit-tree.. [no vari flout oy arotiM :
Tris delivered, that Ozions wax greater if they be taken out of the Earth, and laid adrying twenty days, andrhen fetagain; and yermore, ifthe outer- Lmoft Pill beraken off alhover. ¢ o8y toy bo bese a2 } . Itis delivered byfome, that if one take the Bough of a low Fruit-tree, newly budded. and draw ic genyly, without hurting it; into an Earthen pot | perforate at the botrom to let inthe Plant, and then coverthe Pot with Earth, J it will yield a very large Fruit within theGround. Which Experimentis no- Earth. The like (they fay) willbe efteted by, anempty Por without Earth in hit, putovera Fruit,being propped up with a ftake'as.ir hangeth upon the Tree, and the better, if-fomefew Pertufionsbe madeinthe Por. VVherein; befides
{reafon,-thatthe Fruit loving and coveting theopen Air and Sun, is invited } by the Perrufions to {pred and approach asnear the open Air asit.can, and fo | inlargeth in Magnitade. Latzere Hol AR IOVOL AWS
All Trees in high and Sandy Grounds, are to befet deep ; and in VVatry
(North and South, &c.) as they flood before, Thefame is (aid alfo of Stone ourof the Quarry, to make it more durable, though thatfeemeth to have lefs reafon 5 becanfethe Stone lyeth norfo near the Sun, asthe Tree grow- eth. | b ‘Timber Treesin a Coppice- wood, do grow better than in an open Field; both, becaule they offer not tofpred fo much, butfhoor up till in height, fand chiefly, becaufe they are defend¢dfrom too much Sun and Wind,which }do check the growth of all Fruit; and fo (no doubr) Fruit-trees, or Vines, } fet upona Wall, again theSun, between Elbows and Butriffesof Stone; {tipenmore than upon a plain Wall. A iat
_ FIeistaid, that if Porado Roots be fet ina Potfilled with Earth, and then fthe Por with Earth be ferlikewile within the Ground, fome ewo or three | that'having Earth enough within the Pot tonourifh them ;, and then being topped by the bottom of the Por from putting ftrings: downWard, -they
ress
yewtake the latrer Sprout: » The atte may be;: forthat' thelongerthe Juyce’
L_. . Befides the Means of Melioration of Fruits before-mentioned; itis fet.
{thing bur potting of Plants, without removing and leaving the Fruit inthe |
the defending of the Frnitfrom éxtremity of Sun or VVeather, fomegivea’
Grounds more fhallow.’ And inall Trees when they beremoved (efpecially | | Fruic-trees) care ought te be taken, that the fides of the Trees be coafted,
es, the Roots will grow greater than ordinary. The cau(e maybe, for |
muft nceds grow greater in breadth and thicknefs: »And it may be} 1) SERRE ts __thatt ..
99
466. |
467.
471s
473«
476.
| Experiments
477.
_{ that as in Fruit-Trees, ‘the Graft maketh a greater Fruit; foi Drees th
Leaf
4 Soil Seed, or Root, and the injury of the Weather) coming either. of theig} ‘| overgrowing with Mofs, or their being hide bound, ortheirplanting toa] | deep, orby ifluing of the Sap too much into the Leaves: Forall theft three}
| Fountains of Waters there being rare, divers forts of Beafts come from} | feveral parts\to drink, and fo being refrefhed, fall to couple, andmany} | times with feveral kindes. The compounding or mixture of Kindes iin | Plants is not found out; which neverthele(s, if it be poflible is more ai | command than that of Living Creatures, for that their luftrequiret
| touching Plants, to findeiteut, for fo you may have great variety of new]
|-Fruit, or doubleth the Flowers, &c: But it hath not the power to make { new Kind. FortheCions ever over-ruleth the Stock. " i
| feveral colours, upon the fame Branch ; and Grape-ftones of fev {lours within the fame Grape: But the more, after ayear or two, t | (as it feemeth) growing moreperfed. And this will likewifehelp, if
sa Nag ng eS tt AE ERY re cree raelaccsumehintit aaii-aec niet aminiammeanece tile ere aces ies AE agen alah sho
. - ol eel V+ Mi y = 3 es. ee i - ’ sue ~Y ; Wash?
Natural Fiftory ;
that.all Seeds; Roots, potted, and fo fet into the Barth, ba ae th better... , a j* Of! 3 Sid “Ute i UMOrgy AWOF® VG | lie oh y
_. The cutting off the Leaves of Raddihh, or other Roots;in the besinnin; of Winter before they wither; ‘and covering again the Kout, fomething| highwith Earth, will preferve the Root all Winter, and make‘itbigger in} the Spring following, «as hath been partly touched before. Sothat th reli a doubleufe of this cutting off the Leaves: Forin Plants,w herethe Rooti the Efculent, .as Raddith, and Parfnips, it will makethe Root the greate and fo itswilldoto the Heads of Onions, and where the Fruit isthe efculeng} by ftrengthning the Root, it willmake the Fruitalfo theereatéry lo . It isan. Experiment of great pleafure to make the Leaves of ‘fhaddy Trees, larger than ordinary. It hath beentryed (for certain) that a'Ciong} of a Wecch Elm, grafted upon the ftock of an ordinary Elm; will putfortl Leaves, almoft as broad as the brim of ones Hat. And itis very ‘likely bearno Fruit, it will make the greater’Leaves. It would berryed therefor in Trees of that kinde chiefly ; as-Birch, Afr, Willow, and efpecially the Shining Willow, which they call Swallow-Tail; becaufe of the pleature-of th
«44 *> #456
| } .
The Barrennefs of Trees by accident ( befides the weaknely of the
are remedies mentioned before. he f wlabeaies ri “i. Wt {ee that in Living Creatures that have Male and Female, there i ‘copulation of feveral kindes, andfo Compound Creatures; asthe} (Mule, that is generated betwixt the Horfe and eA; and fome other} Compounds which we call Monftets ; though more rare: And itis held} that that Proverb, CAfrica femper aliquid Monftri parit, cometh, for that the]
iu
voluntarymotion; wherefore it were oneof the moft notable Experim
Fruits, .andflowers yet unknown, Grafting doth it not, that mendeth the
a
a
It hath. been fet down by one of the Ancient, That if you take two Twigs of feveral Fruit Trees, and flat them on the fides, and then binde them clofe together, andfet themiinthe ground, they will come up inone Stock ; but yet they will put forth in their feveral Fruits withoutany mixture in the Fruit. Wherein note (by the way) that Unity of Conti ance, is eafier to procure, than Unity of Species. Ic is reported alfo,’ Vines of Red and White Grapes, being fet in the Ground, and th parts being flatted, and bound clofetogether, will put forth Grapes
ee ee Oe , a. ‘ . \ ee Fen mt r= 7. : . b, or ‘ ie e 2 s A, ° 4 a ST in ; “Rv, eo . evden , Sy ibe ee ; i ’ -* “ fi
Cini Fea 101
| the firft uniting, they be often watred ; rie a helpeth to Union: | And itis prefcribed alfo tobinde the Bud, as foon as it cometh forth,as well as the Stock, artheleaft foratime. : ‘ _. They report, that divers Sceds put into a Clout, and laid iri Earth well 478. dunged, will put up Planscontiguous; which (afterwards) beingbound in, ‘their Shoots willincorpcrate. The like is faid of Kernels put into a Bottle, | with anarrow mouth, filled with Earth: ¥ ; 2 |. _Itis reported, thatyoung Trees of feveral kindes fet contiguous with- 479: | outany binding, and very often watred in a fruitful ground, withthe very | luxuryof the Trees, will incorporate and growtogether. _Which feemeth | tome the likelieft means that hath been propounded ; for that the binding | doth hinder the natural fwelling of the Tree; which, while itisin motion;
| doth better unite. ; “® ie ar¢ mahy ancient and received Traditions and Obfervations, ontatk ft touching the Sympathy and ~Antipathy.of Plams ;. for that fome will rouchingie ; thrive beft growing nearothers, which theyimpute to Sympathy; and fome enapay of | worle whichthey impute to Antipathy. But thefe arcidle and ignorant con= | Plants. ceits, and forfake the truc indication of the caufes ; asthe moftpart of Ex- ‘périmems, that concern Sympathies and Antipathies do; Forasto Plants, netther jis there any fuch fecret Friendfhip, or Hatred, as they imagine. And Jif we fhouldbe content to call it Sympathy and Antipathy,icis utterly miftaken ; for their Sympathy is an Antipathy, and their Antipathy isa Spmpatiy : Forit is |thus, wherefoever one Plans draweth fuch a particular juyce out of the | Earth, asitqualifieth the Earth, fo as that Juyce which remaineth is fit for | q the other Plant, there the Neighborhood doth good, becaufe the nourifh- | ments are contraty, or feveral: But where two Plants draw (much) the |) ibe Juyce, there thie Neighborhood hurteth; for the one deceiveth the | other. dl
|) Firft, therefore, all Plans that do draw much nourifhment fromttie 486. |Earth, and fo foakthe Earth, and exhauft ir, hurt all things that grow by |them ; as great Trees, (efpecially A/hes) and fuch Trees; as {pred their {Roots near the top of the ground. Sothe Glewsrtis not an eneniy (though | {that wereanciently received) to the Vine onely; butit isan enemy to any other Plant, becaufe it draweth ftrongly the fatteft Juyce of the Earth: | And if itbetrue, that the Hine, whenit creepeth near the Coleworr, will turn Jaway: Jhis may be, becaufe there it findeth worfe nourifhment; for though the Root be where. it was; yet (Edoubt) the Plant will bend as it } nourifheth. — ! ? Where Plants are of feveral Natures; and draw feveral Juyces out of } 491« the Earth, there\as hath been faid) the one fetby the other helpeth: Asit | is fet down by divers of the Ancients, that Rew doth profper much, and be- | cometh ftronger; if it befet bya Pig-Tree: Which (we conceive) is caufed }not by reaforof Friendfhip, but by Extraction of contrary Juyces; the | one drawing Juyce fitto relult {weet, the other bitter. So they have fer down |likewife,that a Rofefet by Garlickis (weeter s which likewife may be,becaufe |the more Fetide Juyce of the Earth goeth into the Garlick, and the more oderate into the Rofe. , Mitet:? | | This we fee manifeftly, Thatthere be certain Gurn+Flowers which come | 4:82. Hfeldom or never in other places, unlefs they be fet; but oncly amongtt |
|)
eee ee c to tates a eee ee ie cae 2
-_
483.
490~ 491.
AQ%.
qe | Artichoak ; and fee whether the eee or the Coleflory, &e, _ become ns not | Day | eat E have Fruits of harfh and ‘binding Juyce, and fetthem neat aVine.< a |
| Musk-Melons,and‘fee whether the Melons willnorbe more owiny, and better |
Geri) As the blew Bottle.a kindevof yellow iMiaryoG oily Wille PAP
| by Ploughing or Furrowing, as fome Herbs and Flowers will grow me | Ditchesnew caft |, -forif the groundilye ‘fallow and ugfown, they will neo
| Hemlock and Rew, both which draw ftrong Juyees.
Natural -
and Eumitory. JNeither-can this cbeby. reafomof the cultore of theGre
| come; Soasitifhould feem to Hsithe C-eunaiinaiseliit the Earthy: ndypre parethitdéortheir growth, oieoqooni hw aoe This obfervation if it plea (dsieis deny pecbabie) seine for the meliorating of tafté in’ Fruits! ‘and Efculemt Herbs, and of the fént of Flowers. For Ido not doubt,:butuf the Fig-iwsee.do make the Rew/more ' firong.and bitter, (as: the Ancients: have noted):.good flore:of! Rew ‘plat aboutthe, Figstree; willsmake) the Fig more. fiveet. «Now thelraftes «th: ' mofoffend in F ruitssandHerbs, and Koots, arcititstet;horihs etelgahaal ‘or flafhy. It were good therefore to make the Tryals following, 9/10: ne
Take Wormwood or Rew, andfetit near Lettuce, or Coleflory, or |
| |
the fWecter. ni | ‘Tike a Setvice- tree, or dCsfietidnort ce! Or an Elder-ttce, ‘whieh t ro |
Fig: tree; and fee whether the Grapes or Figs Will not be the fweeter.. : ‘ "Pake Cucumbers or Pumpions, anafetthem (here and there) a among nett. |
rafted. “Set Cucumbers (likewife) amongft Raddith, and fee whether the| Raddith ‘will notbe madethe more'bjting,§
Take Sorrel. and fet i it amongtt! Rafps, and fee whether the Ralps wa al
be the fveeter. |
Take Commoi Bryar, and fetit amongtt Violets or Wall. flowers), and || fee whether it wilfnot make the Violets or Wall-flowers fwéeter,. and lefs | | earthy in their fell. So fet Lettuce or Cucumbers, am ongtt Rofemary ach Bays, and fee whether the Rofemiary or ee willnot be themore oderate Ate aromatical.
Contrariwife,you muft take heed how you fer Herbs together, that drama muchtheé like Juyce: And therefore [think Rofemary willleefe iffweetnels, } ifi it befet with Lavender or Bays; or: ithe like. Butyer, if pour willidenre@ ref ftrength of an Herb,: you fhall.do well to fet other like Herbs by him; to tak ce] himdoewn ;, and if:you would fet: Tanfey. by Angelica, it may bethe Anges! lica would. be the weaker and fitter for mixture,in perfume: »Andif you! | thouldifer Rew by Common: Wormwood , vit snay be, the’ Wormwos would turn tobe liker Reman Wormwood.) aM oo) or) ort “ad ... ThisAxiom is of large extents andtherefore:would be frered, and re fined. by Tryal. Neither mutt you expe tohave-agro(s: difference by th
' kinde of Culture, but onely further Perfection. heats }
‘Fryal would bealfomade in Herbs, Poyfonous; and Putgative; whofe | ill; qaality ;perhaps) may be difchanged or, ere by fetting ftronger Poytons or Purgatives by themes) 2) aovib vd antiog sal
iLtis reported, Thatthe Shrub. called Our Lats: Seal, ( which idackion of Briony) and Coleworts, fet‘near together, one orboth willdie. Thi . | caule is; forthat they be both great Depredarors. of the Earth,. pen ‘aa them fkarveth the orher.. The'tike is faid of Reed; anda Brake.» both» arefucculent; and therefore. the onedeceiveth: the other, And thet
| or, Some.of the Ancients, andlikewife-divers of, vite Moderna WWshrend: biocmen Natural carolina eae between ua
| Moon, ‘and fome ptinscipal: Scars; Lanidcord in Heerbsy\and Prats) Ana
| they have denominated fome Herbs Solas and forte Lamar yan fully Vike | : f |
« oe en ameumeneamnen - _ eae | eT ee 1
| toys putinro gtéat words, © It is mnanifett si charthereare forme Blowers vat |have tefpe@'to the Sun ia two Kindess thé ond by opening and fhatiag! aid |. | the other by bowing and inclining the Head s' Por Maty golds; ‘Tahppasi) Pit! | pernel,. and: indeed moft flowers doopertor (pred their Leaves abioad}avien | | the San fhinech fereneand fairy Ancbagait, (in (ome! patt): Hole thes or | gather theminward, either toward night, or wheel Slepib overeat: “OF | this; there.needeth no fuchifolemnRealor'torbe ‘affined| as to fay; Theat they rejoyce atthe prefence of rte Sun, and>mourn ar the ab fence thereof, For itisnothing elfe, ‘bur a little loading of the: Leaves; wand pveling thenvartte bottom, withthe moifture ofttid Air s iwheréasthé dry Airdoth excehdenem: | *| And:they makeit a piece of the: wonder; That Gatden Glaver will hee the | Stalk,- when the Sun fheweth: bright, which isnothing but afulp cxpaitfion | of the Leaves; for the:bowing and inclining: the Heads tit isfoufid ia’ 'the | | great Flower of the Sun; in Marygolds, Wartwort, Mallow flowcrs, aad | others. The caufe is fomewhat more obfcure than the former ?\-Biel take | it tobe no other, ‘but thatthe part, againft which theSut beareth? Waxerh | ) ‘| more faint and flaccidesin the Stalk, and'thereby' le(sable to fappore the O} Elpweftts 2 fs t0.9' AO’ cad rqheh amet noper-whtecd sabia | 2 } hac Whatalitle Moiftute-willdoin Vegetables;everithough they beidead, | 494- | 4nd feyered from the Earth, appearcth! wellin the Expetiment:of Fuglers. | ) They take the Beard of an Oat, which (if you mark it well) is wreathtd'at | | i | thebottom, and one{moorhientire ftlaweat the top. ' They tzke onély the |” ) | |
es
‘ : ¢ ? od
| pare-that is wreathed!, andycut off the other 5 “leaving the Beard half the |, bredsll of a finger in length.:' Then they make dlittle Crofs of a Quail lone | | ways,-of thatpare of the Quill whichhath ' the Pithy and Crefsways ‘of | }ithat-piece of the Quill without. Pith, ‘the whote Crofs being the bredi ofa | | finger high : Then they prick ‘the bottom “where the'Pith i8, and thereifi€' | | they put the Oaten-Beard, \eaving half of it tticking forth°of the Quill : ‘Then | they takea little white Box of Woodto deceive men, ‘a¥ifP fomewhat in the | | Box did work the-feat ; in which, with a Pins they’ make @ little hole, efiough | to takeBeard,: burinot toler the Crofs fink down; ‘but to'ftick: Then like! | wife, by way of Impofture, they make a queftion: As, whois the faitelt | Woman in the company ? or who hatha Glove or Card ? and caufean- | other to namedivers perfons 5 -andupomevery, naming, they fticktheCrofs | | |intheBox;| having firft purvit towardstheir Mouth, «as if they clatmiedir, | and the Grofs. ftirreth not;: “But when they come to the perfon thatthéy jo! o 1 ous), ould take: asithey hold the:Grofs roitheir, Mouth; they-touchthe Beard | ys | with the tip of their Fongue, and wet it and fo ftickthe Créfs inthe Box; | | andthen youdhalkfeeit turn finely and foftly, rhree or fourturns, which is’) auled. by the untwining of thd Beatdby' the moiftires: ’ You may fee it"), | more evidently if ypu ftick the Crofs between your fingers, inftead ‘of the: Box: Arid therefore »you may See; that this Motion; whichis fected by® | fo little wet, iS:tongerthanthe clofing orbending of tiie Headof a\Maty-o ge ds fo @OTL ave 40 tues sfi3 10 RAGE) F539 dears ao |, +: It is reported by foni¢,: Thar the Herb lealled Rofa-Sols'(whercof they) 495- | make Strong—waters)\will avthe: Nodn-day; when the Sun’ fhineth hor! atid |
us “a Fe. it LILLE EE ART 8
| brighr, thave-a great Dew uponit. | Anditherefore,thavithe right namé is | Ros Solis ; which they impute to adelight:and fympathy<chac it hack’ with: \tk > Sun» Men favor wonders: «It were good. firft-to be fire, “That the | | Dew that is found. upon at;cbe ndtthe: Dew of the Morning preferved’, ast) sai ro eee. 12 Eee
Oe orem -
es om
Ue.
496.
497
Making herbs and fruits Medicinable.
a ee ey el 7 ’ ¥ ras eee ; € J 4 ‘
Pats
whenthe Dew of other Hers isbreathed away: For it hath a fmooth and thick Leaf that doth notdifcharge the Dew fofoon as other Herbs, thapare mpre Spungy and Porous. And itmay be Parflane, or fome other Herb dott the like, and isnotmarked. Buc if it befo, that it hathmore Dew at Noon | than inthe Morning, then fure it feemeth to be an cxudationof the Herb it| (elf. .As Plums fweat when they are fet into the Oven: For you will.nor Qj} hope)-think, thatitis like Gideons Fleece of Wooll, thatthe Dew thould fall | upon that, and no whercelfe. : mt iodieg It is certain, that the Hosy-dews are found more upon Ozk Leaves, than} upon Ash, or Beech, orthe like: But whether anycaufebe from the Leaf it : felf, to-conco& the Dew; or whether itbe onely, that the Leat is clofe and } {mooth (and therefore drinketh not in the Dew;, but preferveth it) maybe | doubted. Ie would be well inquired, whether Manna the Drug, doth fall | but upon certain Herbs or Leaves onely. Flowers that have deep Sockersy do} gather in the bottom, a kinde of Honey; as Honey-Suckles both the Woodbine, | and the Zrifoil) Lillies, and thelike. And in them certainly the#lower beareth | part withthe Dew. stay yon Ty cided .... The Experience is; That the Froth, which they call Woodfare, (being | like akinde of Spittle) is found but upon certain Herbs.and thofe hot ones; | as Lavender, Lavender-cotton, Sage, Eyfope, ec. Of the caufe of this effquire | further, for it feemeth. a fecret.;1here falleth alfo Mildew upon Comm, and } fmutteth ic: But itmay be, thatthe fame falleth alfoupon other Herbs, i and | is not obferved. | - noe wy nots ped iy It were good, Tryal were made, whether the great confentbetween | Plants and Water, which is a principal nourifhment of them, will makeanj|_ ‘AttraGionor Diltance, andnot at touch onely.. Therefore take a Veflely | _and in the middle of it make a falfe bottom of courfe Canvas ; -fill ic with | Earth above the Canvas, and let not the Earth be watred, then fow fome'| good Seeds in that Earth : But under the Canvas, fome half a foot in| the bottom of the Veffel,lay a great Spunge, thorowly wetin Water ,, and | let it lic fomie ten days ; and fee whether the Seeds will {prout,and the Earth} become more moift, and the Spunge more dry. The Experiment formerly | mentioned of the Cucumber, creeping to the Potot Water, is far ftranger| than this. uch Saitaag
at? ; i CO. Fe fm }
+
He altering of the Sent, Colour, or T afte of Fruit, by Infufing, Mixing, T or Letting intothe Bark, or Root of the Tree, Herb, or Flower, ‘any}
Coloured, Aromatical, or Medicinal Subftance, -arebut fancies. The caufle ie
Ba
is, for that thofe things have pafled their period, and nourifh not; and alk] alteration of Vegetables, in thofe qualities, muft beby fomewhat that isapty to go into the nourifhment of the Plant. But this is true, tharwhere Kine} feed upon Wilde Garlick, their Milk tafted plainly of theGarlick. And the’ Flefh of Muttonsis better tafted where theSheep feed upan Wilde Thyme, | | and other wholfome Herbs. Galen alfofpeaketh of the curing of the Scirrus | of the Liver, by Milk of a Cow, that feedeth upon certain Herbs, and Honey in Spain {melleth (apparently) of the Rofemary, or Orenge, from whence the |) | Bee gather it: And thereis an old Tradition of a.Maiden that was fed w | Napellus, (which is counted the ftrongeft poyfonof all Vegetables) wh with ufe, didnot hurt the Maid, but poyfoned fome thathad ‘carnal pany with her. So, it is obferved by fome; that thereisa vertuous A and another without vertue, which appear tothe fhew alike ; but th tuous is taken from the Beaft, that fecdeth upon the Mountains, y
= : Pb achnied ith
i ' }
i
ee Century V.
thereare [heriacel Herbs; and that wichout vertue, fromthofe thar fed in the Valleys, whereno fuch Herbs are. hus far Tam of opinion, that as fteeped Wines and Beers are very Medici.al, andlicsewife Breadtempered with divers powders ; foof <A%earalfo, (as Fiesh, Fish, Mlk, and Eggs) that they may bemadeof great ufe fur Medicine and Dict, if the Beat, Fowl, or Fish, be fed v ith a {pecial kinde of focd, ficfor the difeafe. It were adan- gerous thing alfo for fecret empoyfonments. But whether it maybe ap- plied unto Plants, and Herbs, I doubt more, becaufe the nourifhment of ‘| them is a more common Juyce; which is hardly capable of any fpecial | quality until che Plantdo aflimilateit.
mn
But left our incredulity may prejudice any profitable Operations in this kinde (efpecially fince many of the Ancients have fet them down) .we think good briefly to p-opound the four Means, which they have devifed of making Plants Medicinable. The firlt is by flitting of the Root, and infufing ‘}into it the Medicine, as Hellebore, Opium, Scammomy, Triacle. &c. and then binding itup again. This feemeth to me the leaft probable,becaufe the Root
| common and lefs qualified ; and befides, it isalong time in going up, ere it cometo the Fruit. The fecond way is, toperforate the Body of the Tree, | and there to infufe the Medicine, it hath thelefs way, and the lefs time to go _jupe The third is, the fteeping of the Seed or Kernel in fome Liquor . wherein the Medicine isinfufed ; which] have little opinion of, becaufe |the Seed (I doubt) will not draw the parts of the matter which have the | propriety ; but it will be far the morelikely, if you mingle the Medicine
‘may callin withal fome of the propriety. The fourthis, the Watering of 4 the Plant oft, wich an infufionof the Medicine. This, in one refpeat may \have more force than the reft, becaufe the Medication is oft renewed , | whereas the reft are applied, but at onetime; and therefore the vertue may | the fooner vanifh. But ftill] doubt, that the Root is fomewhattoo ftubborn to receive thofe fne Impreffions ; and befides (as Ihave faid before) they
perforation of the Body of the Tree, in feveral places,one above the other, andthe filling of the Holes with Dung mingled with the Medicine. And | the Watring of thofe Lumps of Dung, with Squirts of an Infufion of the | Medicine in dunged Water, once in three or fourdays.
NATURAL
draweth immediately from the Earth, and fo the nourifhment is the more’
with Dung, for that the Seed, naturally drawing the moifture of the Dung,
have a great Hillto goup. I judge therefore the likelieft way to be the
104
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‘
fats TO R Y
| See
| faid,) either Experimenta Fruthfera, ox Lucifera; éicher Badin”
of Ufe, or’of Difeovery: For we hate Impoftures+s | curiofiries
a d Plants, our felvesfomewhat'to others, we will fet down fome |” Curiofities touching Plants.
Curiofity to have feveral Fruits upon one Tree; and thie more, 5 Os
| therefore, I doubt, whether you can have Apples, or Pears, or Orenges, | upon the fame Stock, uponwhich you graft Plumbs. ~ Te is aCuriofity to have Fruits of divers Shapes andFigures. Th’s is| 502. eafily performed by Moulding them,when the Fruit is young, with Moulds fof Earth or Wood. So you may have Cucumbers, &c. as long as a Cane, orasround asa Sphere, or formed like a Crofs. You may have jalfo Apples in the form of Pears or Lemmons. Youmay have alfo Fruit | in more accurateFigures; aswe faid of Men, Beatts, or Birds, according } as you make the Moulds, wherein you muft underftand, that you’ make : the Mould big enough to contain the whole Fruit, when itis grown to the ‘greateft ; for elfe you will choak the{preding of the Féuit , which other- } wife would{preditfelf, and fillthe Concave, and fo be turned into the fhape + fired ; as itis‘in Mould-orksof Liquidthings. Some doubtmay be an i ceived; |
v 7 ——$—$<—$<$—$—<— EE EE
q
~ and defpife ‘Curiofities. Yet becaufe we muft apply |v Frits
= Ur Experiments wetake care to be (a5 we have often |Experiments |
'
pa See a ee Natural Hiftory ; ceived, that the keeping of the Sun fromthe Fruit, may hurt it: But ther isordinary experience of Fruitthatgrowethcovered. Querealfo, whether fome fmall holes may not be made inthe Wood, to let in the Sun. And note, | that it were beft to make the Moulds partible, glued, or cemented togethe x thatyou may open them when you take out the Fruit. Ne It is a curiofity to have /n(criprions or Engravings, in Fruit or Trees. This} | is eafily performed, by writing with a Needle, or Bodkin, or Knife, or the like, when the Fruit or Trees are young ; foras they grow, fo the Letters will grow more large, and graphical. | a Tenerifyue meos incidere Amores ; cA rboribus, crefcentille, cre{cetis Amores. . You may have Trees apparelled with Flowersor Herbs by boring holés | in the Bodies of them, and putting into them Earth holpen with Muck,and | fetting Seeds or Slips, of Violets, Strawberries, Wilde Time, Camomil, and {uch | like in the Earth, wherein they do butgrow inthe Tree, 4s they do in Pots, | though (perhaps) withfome feeding from the Trees. As it would be tryed alfo with Shoots of Vines, and Roots of Red-Rofes ; for it may be, they being of amore Ligneous Nature, will incorporate with the Treeit felf.. — It is an ordinary curiofityto form Trees and Shrubs (as Rofemary, Funi- | per, and the like) into fundry fhapes ; which is done by moulding them } within, and cutting them without. But they are butlame things, being } too {mall to keep Figure ; great Caftles made of Trees upon Frames of } Timber, with Turrets and Arches, were anciently matters of magnifi- cence. ed ; : a Amongft curiofities, I fhall place Colouration, though it be fomewhat } better; for Beauty in Flowersis their pre-eminence: It is obferved by fome, | that Gilly- Flowers, Sweet-Williams, Violets, that are coloured, if theybe neg- | lected, and neither Watered, nor new Moulded, nor Tranfplanted, will | turn White. And itis probable, that thoWhite, with much culeure, may | turn coloured; for this is certain, That the whitecolour cometh of fcarcity ; of Nourifhment; except in Flowers that are onely white, and admit no | other colours. aR : Eat | It is good therefore to fee what Natures do accompany what colours ; | for by thae you fhall have light, how to induce colours, by producing thofe Natures. Whites are more inodorate (for the moft part) than Flowers | of the famekinde coloured ; as is found in fingle White Violets, White | Rofes, White Gilly-Flowers, White Stock-Gilly-Flowers, &c. We finde a 1- 1 fo, that Blofloms of Trees that are White, are commonly inodorate ; as} Cherries, Pears, Plums, wheteas thofe of Apples, Crabs, Almonds, and }) Peaches, are blufhy, and {mell fweet. The caufeis, for that the fubftance that maketh the Flower, isof the thinneftand finelt of the Plant ; whichallo maketh Flowers to be of fo daintyColours. And if it be too {paring and thin, ic attaineth no ftreneth of odor, except it be in fuch Plants as are very fucculent; whereby they need rather to be {canted in their nourifh- ment, than replenifhed, to havethem fweet,. As we fee in White Satyrion, which is of adainty fmell; and,in Bean-flowers, &c. And again, if the Plant be of Nature toput forth White Flowers onely, and thofe not thinos dry, they. are commonly of rank and fulfome fmell ; as May-Flowers : White Lillies. by 7 id tet gest 508. | _Contrariwife, in Berries, the White is commonly more delicat {weet ir, tafte, than the Coloured ; as wefee in white Grapes, in \ Rafpes, in white Strawberries, in white Currans, &c. The caufe is fo
503.
504:
DO or
506.
507-
Century Vil
: | well and equally concoéted, ‘but the white ase better proportioned to the | difgeftion of the Plan. 0) | WO Sit Hoa saci : -> > Batin Fruits; the white commonly is meaner, as in Pear-Plumbs, Damo- {fins, ee. and the'choiceft Plumbs are blacks, the Mulberry, (which though {they call it a Berry, is a Fruit) is better the Black, thanthe White. The \ ‘}Plumb; are no very goodPlumbs. The caufe is, for that they are Alf J over-watry: Whereas an higher Concodtion is required for fiveetnefs, or | pleafure of tafte ; and therefore: all your dainty Plumbs, are alittle dry, {and come fromthe Stone ; as the (Muskle- Plumb, the Damofin- Plumb,’ the | Peach, the eApricot, Gt. Yet fome Fruits which grow not to be Black, are of the Nature of Berries, {weetcftfuch as are paler, asthe Ceur-Cherry, ‘| which inclincth more to White, is Sweeter than the Red-; but the Egrior is | more fsivee: 12. 2! i! : | a i (3 sek oy 4 ;
| © Take Gilliflowers Seed, of one kinde of Gillflowers (as of the Clove-Gilli- | flower which is the moft common) and fow it, and there will come up Gilliflowers, fome of one colour, and fome of another, cafually, as the | Seed'meeteth with nourifhnient in the Earth: Sothat the Gardiners finde, that they may have twoorthree Roots amongft an hundred thatarerare, and of great price, as Purple. Carnation of feveral ftripes. The caufeis (no | doubt)-that in Earth, thoughitbe contiguous, andin one Bed, therearevery feveral Juyces; andas the Seeddoth cafually meet with them, fo it cometh
| always come upfingle ; the Juyce, as itfeemeth, not being able.to futtice a | fucculent colour, and adouble Leaf. This Experiment of {everal colours,
| Poppy, and Aollioak. MNGMae MEW Loar Ee rene | é | Few Fruitsarecoloured Red.within; the Queen-Appleis, and another ‘Apple,called the Rofe-Apple ; Mulberrieslikewife,and Grapes, though moft to- wardthe skin. Thereisa Peach alfo, that hath acircle of Red towards the | ftone; and the £gréor-Cherry is fomewhat Red within: But no Pear, nor | Warden, nor Plumb, nor Apricot; although ‘they have (many times) Red fides, are coloured Red within. The caufe may be enquired.
| - The general colour of Plans is Green, whichis a colour thatno Flower is of.. There isa greenifh Prime-Rofe, but itis pale, and {carce agreen; the | Leaves of fome Trees turn alittle Murrey or Reddifh, and they be com- ‘monly young Leaves that do fos as it is in Oaks and. Vines. And Hajle- Leaves rotinto aYellow; and fome Hollies had part of their Leaves Yellow,
| that Yellow is a Icfs fucculent colour than Green, anda degree nearer
| ver toward the Notthor North-Eaft. Some Roots are Yellow; as Carrets; | Herbs incline to Purple andRed; as akinde of Sage doth, and a kinde of | CM, and Rofa Sols, Ge. Andfome have White Leayés, as another kinde Wof Sage, and another Kinde of cine: But _4Zure and a fair Purple are |imever found in Leaves. This. fheweth, that Flowers are made of arefined Juyce of the Earth, and fo are Fruits; but Léaves of a more courfe and | common. | hy hag Gere ae Be ‘ | Itisa curiofity alfo to make Flowers double, whichis effected by often }removing them into new Earth; as on the.contrary,part, double Flowers, 015119 L : be by
;
ees nena Mae os >.
[the coloured are more juyced, and courfer,juyced; and therefore not fo:
} forth. ‘And itis notedefpecially, that thofe which do come up Purple, do}
| coming up from one Seed, would be tryed alfo in Liarks-foor , Monk:hood, |
that are (to all feeming) as frefh and fhining asthe Green. I fuppofe alfo, |.
| White. Forit hathbeen noted, that thofe Yellow Leaves of Holly, ftand |
|
| Harve White-Plumb, is abafe Plumb, andthe Perdoccio and White Date.
$10,
5TT.
512.
and fome: Plants, Blood-red, Stalk and Leaf, and all; as C4ziaranthys. Some | |
$13.
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tn np
fe Weer “a \ : , oes i
i : 7 i
110 Natural Hiftory : | a | by hegleding,and for removing prove fingle. And the way toda ain sx! iy
514. The making ‘of Fruits without Core’ or Stone, islikewife a curiofit Ae
them more tender, and delicate." If a Cions or Shoor fietombe fet fo hed} Ground, have the Pith finely taken forth (and noraltogether, ‘but fome of at: left, the better tofave the life) it will bear a Fruic wich little or mo Core:ors Storie. Atnd the like is faid to be of dividing a quick Tree downto the Grdund, and taking out the Pith, and then binding it up'again. Is 28 clorchy 515. It is reported alfo, that aCitron grafted meee is will bave fall or fo Séeds ; andit is very probable, that any fowre Fruit grafted npoma] Stock that beareth a {weeter Fruit, may both makethe Fruic {wecter, .and | more void of the harfh matter of Kernels or Seeds. it ten te bee 516. Itisteported, that not onely the taking out of the Pith, but the ftopping |
of the Juyce of the'Pith from rifing in the midft, and turning itto rife Omethe |
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ig
{*
ourfide, will make'the Fruit without Core or Stone; as if you fhould boreay Tree clean. thorow; and put a Wedge in.» It is true, there, is fomeaflinity bes] tween the Pith and the Kerné],: becaufe they até:both ofa harfh fubftance,i} and both placed inthe midft. © —~ Nie ye / cbt oe: mo 40. 2aloee 517. It is reported, that Trees watered perpetually with warm Water, wi Wil make a Fruit with little or no Corer Stone. And the rule isgenéral, {That | whatfoever will make a wilde Tree, a Garden Tree,will makea Gatden Teeq\]
to have lefs Core or Stone. OILS dan’ is pal ; ve yi ) oe 5 “*) i DS | Saga 518. He Rule iscertain, ThatPlints for want of Culture, degenerateto bel) E xperiments baler inthe fame kinde; andfometimes fo far, asto change into another}
Seek kinde. 1. The ftanding long, and notbeing removed, maketh them dege- | Degenevating | nerate. 2. Drought, uhlefsthe Earth of itfelf be moitt, doth thelike. 3,50] je Planis,and) dorhretovitig into Worle Earth, or forbearing to compoft thearth; aswel] of the Tranf- eet st Seg Piet Ag P PRION eds “hh mutation of | fee, that. Water: Mint turneth intoField Mint, andthe Colewort into Rape by.)
them, one into negleet, &e. wey F wails “2 OTR wat
another. oa on memerit 2 est ff 1\' mae “a i 519 “Whatfoever Fruirufeth ro be fér upon a Root, ora Slip..if it be fowns} |
will degenerate ;, Grapes fown: Figs, Almonds, Pomegranate Kernels fo make the Fruits degenerate, and’become wilde’. And again, moft of, Fruits that ule to be grafted, if they be fer of Kernels, or Stones. degenet ‘| Itistruc;, that Peaches (as hath been touched before) do better upon St fet, than upon grafting : And chertile of Exception fhould feemrober That Whatfoever Plant requireth’fuch moifture,: profpercth better upon thik Stone or Kernel, than'upon theGtaft. For the Stock, chough it giver afingr nourifimenr, yet itgivetha {cante?, than the Earth'atdarge, 7 g | $20, __« Seeds, if they be very old,and yet have ftrength enough to bring for “* | Plant, make the Plane degenerate: Aiid thereforeskilful Gardiners»make’ of the Seeds, beforethey Waipetites Ae Netlneaiecy begood ormo; iby: p
/ ‘ Ray 2 ay ke ‘ ; hn : ; \ :
nt a wane ar 7k.” % "5 gaupemaaaieaaaaiae orea Maes poe _———
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} them in Water Bently boiled; and if if gy Pe good, thy wilfproue within half | 3 an hour, © ates mB: h75Kc ts ftrange which is reported, That Bafil nove) same) expoviedctan tise Sun, 521.9 | } doth turninto Wilde Times: Alchough thote two; Herbs feem. tolhave:fmall Affinity; but Bafitispalmoft the onely: hor Herb: that hath fat and fucculent | Leaves; ‘which Oylinefs if it be drawn se by the Sun, it islike icwill make ! | 2 very great change. } __ Thereis an old Tradition, that eag of Ouk putintothe Earths will put 522. | forth Wilde Vines; which if ir-be true,(aodoubr) it is not.the O«kthat turneth J into Vine, but the Onk-bough pa ae qualifierh. the: Barth. to put forth a | | Pine of itfelf. Ti Tt is nor inapoflibley and Ahave beard it verified; ihe ‘upon diittingdown ERT | of an old Timber- Tree, the Stub hath pur our fometimesa Tree ofanother: | | Kinde; as thatBeechhath putforth Birch: Which ifit be true, thecaufe may, | | be, forthar the old Stub is. too fcant of | Juycero put forth the former Trek; | and therefore putteth forth’ a Tree of fmaller Kinde! that spin lels’ Rou: ment. +» There is an opinion in the Countrey ‘ That if the Gite Saou! be oft 524. jfown with the Grain that grew uponir, it will, in rs end, tat to be of a | bafer kinde. | ae } Ie is certain, that in Sterile Years, Corn fev ‘will grow tor an nother inate i inde. . i oe uo .
jf Ae Ge #
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Graniia fepe quibus BREN Hordea Slee, lafoclix Lolium, & feriles dominatur Avena.” | io | -8 Ee
And generally irisa Rule, that Plantsthat are brought forth by Culture, | | as‘Corn, will fooner change into other Species,than thofe that come of them-. {felves: For eoangoaiieta giveth but an Adventitious Nature, whichisimore | ~
pally sa off. i nar ae : This nor ei the hereto Plants; on lihen osetia is inter Maz, |nalia Natura: For the Tranfmatation of Species is, inthe vulgar Philofophy, pro- Jnounced impoffible: And certainly, it is athing of difficulty, and requireth
deep fearch intoNature :. But {eeing there appear fome manifeft inftances of | ty the cpinion of impofi ibility is to. be rejeted, and the means thereof to |befound out.» We fee thatin Living Creatures, thatcome of Putrefaction, | he ere is much ‘Tranfmutation of one into another. AsCaterpillersturn into | , &e. Andit fhould feem probable, that whatfocver Creature having i % is generatediwithout Seed, that Creature will change out of one Spe- cies into another; for it isthe Seed, and the Nature ef it, which locketh id boundeth in the Creature, that it doth not expatiate. So.as we may fell conclude, that feeing the Earth of ic felf, doth put forth Plants with. ut Seed ; therefore Plants may well have a Tran{migration of Species. Vherefore wanting Inftances, which do occur, we fhall give DireQions of = likely tryals: And generally, we would nothavethofe that read oe of Sylva Sylvarum, account it ftrange, or think that it is an over- , that we have tet down particulars untried :, For contrariwife, in our i eltintation; we account fuch particulars mote worthy than thofe that append tryed and known. For thefe latter mult be taken as you de them, but the other do level point blank atthe inventing of caufes | d Axioms. ; la ,
L 2 . ’ Firft,
5 27.6
528.
5 29.
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530.
$31
i . loa Pond, or put it in fome great hollow Trees try alfo.
| Natural Hiftory
Firft, therefore you muft make account,that if you will have one Plan change into another, you muft have the Nourifhment over-rule the Seed : And therefore you are to practie it by Nourifhments as contrary as may be,
tothe Nature of the Herb; fo neverthelefs as the Herb may grow, and likes | wife with Seeds that are of the weakeft fort, and have leaft vigor. "You hall do well therefore to take Marfh Herbs, and plant them upon tops of Hills } and Champaigns ; and fuch Plants asrequire much moifture, upon Sandy } and very: dry'grounds. As for example, Marfh-Mallows, and Sedge upon | Hills, Cucumber and Lettuce Seeds, and Coleworts upon a Sandy Plat; fo 'contrariwife plant Bufhes, Heath, Ling, and Brakes upon a Wet or Marth |Ground. ‘This I conceive alfo; that all Efculent and Garden Herbs, fer upon
the tops of Hills; will prove more Medicinal, thoughlefs E feulene eae | ‘were before. And it may be likewife, fome Wilde Herbs you may mak 2 |Satet Herbs. Thisis the firtt Rulefor Tranfmutation of Plants. Lat jog The fecond Rule fhould be ro bury fome few Seeds of the Herb you] | would change amongtt other Seeds ; and then you fhall fee whetherthe Juyee | ‘of thole other Seeds do not fo qualifie the Earth, as it will alter the Seed | | whereupon you work. As for example, Put Parfly-feed among{t Onion-feed, r or Lettuce-feed amongit Parfly-feed, or Bafil-feed amongft Thyme-feed; | and (ee the change of tafte or otherwife. Butyou fhall do well to put the | ‘Seed you would change into a little Linnen Cloth, that itmingle not with |
the Foreign Seed. eS e Ol a The third Rule fhall be the making of fomemedly, or mixture of Earth, ‘with fome other Plants bruifed, or fhaved, eitherin Leaf orRoot: As for ex- || amplemake Earth, with amixture of Golewort Leaves ftamped, andfet 1 | it Artichoaks, or Parfnips: Sotake Eatth made with CMajoram, or Origannum, | ot Wilde Thyme, bruifed, or ftamped, and fet in it Mennel-feed; Gc. In which | operation, the Proces of Nature ftill will be, (asI conceive.) nor that the Herb. youwork upon, fhould draw the Juyce of the Foreign Herb; (for that] opinion we have formerly rejected ) but there will be a new confection ‘of mould, which perhaps will alter the Seed, and:yet nor tothe kinde of the} ‘former Herb. ‘ Cah iy nnn The fourth Rule fhall be to mark what Herbs fome Earths do put fo: h ‘of themfelves, andto take that Earth, and to Porit, orto Veilel it 5 and ‘into. thar, fet rhe Seed you would change : As for Example, take from under} Walls, or thelike 3. whcre Nettles pur forth in abundance, the Earth which you fhall there finde, without any String or Root of the Nettles; and pot that Earth; and fetin it Stock-Gilly-flowers, Or Wall- flowers, &c. Or fow in the Seeds of them/and fee what theevent willbe; ortake Earth, that ol | have prepared to put-forth (Mufhrooms of it felf, (whereof you fhall fome inftances following ») and fow it in Purflane-feed, or Lettuce-feed. inthefe Experiments, it islikely enough, thatthe Earth being accufto! {end forth onekinde of Nourifhment, will alter the new Seed. | The fifhRule fhall be; to make the Herb grow contrary to hist , tomake Ground Herbs rife in height: As for example, Carry Cam | ‘Wilde Thyme, orthe GreenStrawberry, upon fticks, as youdo #4 Poles, and{fee whattheevent willbe. ie he ie The fixth Rule fhall be ro make Plants grow eut of the Sun Airs for that isa great mutation in Nature, and may inouce ajchang Seed : Asbarrel up Earth, and fow fome Seedin it, and putil
es
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of Seeds in the bottoms of Eaves; and Pors with Seeds fown, hanged |
mpi in Wells, fome diftance kom the Water ; and fee what the event
ys age ‘
T is certain, that Limber-Trees in Coppice Woods, Brows more uptight, i $32.
‘more free from under Boughs, than cthofe that ftand in the Fields. The | Expetiments
H caufe whereof is, for that Plants have a natural.motion to. get to the ae
|Sun; and befides, they are not glutted with too much nourifhment ; “Procerity, and. |for that the Coppice fhareth with them, and Repletion ever hindreth | ees oe
| ftature. Laftly, they are kept warm, and that ever in Plants helpeth Daring of
. | mounting. | j | Trees.
: Mea i Trees that are of themfelves full of Heat, ¢ which heat appeareth by| §33.. | their inflamable Gums) as Firrs, and Pines, mount of themfelves in heighth _| without Side-boughs, till they come cowards the top... The caufe is partly | heat, ana partly tenuity of Juyce; both which fend the Sap upwards. As for
| Juniper, itis but aShrub, and groweth notbig enough i in Brady to maintain a | tall Tree. It is reported, that a good ftrong Canvas, {pred over a Tine gralt- 534. “}ed low, foon after it putteth forth, will-dwarf ic, and make it {pred.
| The caufe is plain ; ; for that all chings that gtow, willgrow as they finde
| room. | > 9 Trees are generally fet of Roots ot Kerns but if you fet them of Slips,| 535. | (as of fome Trees you may; by name the CWulberry). fome of the Slips will take ; and thofe that take, (asis reported) will be Dwarfetrees. The caufe is, for thata Slip deaweth nourifhment more weakly, than either a Root or
| Kernel. — + All Plants that put forth sess Sap hattily, havctheit Bodies not propor- | 536. | "| tionable to their length, and therefore they are Winders and Creepers ; as | - | Iny, Briony, Hops, Woodbine: Whereas Dwarfing equine a dabei e forth, and lefsvigor of mounting.
He Scriptiite faith, ‘That Solomon wrote a Nattira Hiftory ; from the |Experiments - Cedar ot Libanus, to the 1° growing upen the Wall ; for fo the beft jin Confort,
hingthe | - | Tranflarions have it. And it is true, that A4of is but the Rudiment of aPlant, and | Rudiments of | 7 Hain wets) the Mould of Earth or Bark. | Plants, and of
the Excrefcen=} ces of Plants,
of groweth chiefly upon Ridges of Hoislex tiled or sthalehae and | or Super- a Solis the Crefts of Walls, and that Mofsis of a lightfome and pleafant Reais: |Green. The growing. upon Slopes is caufed for that Mofs, as on the| 937° | one fide it cometh of Moifture and Water, fo on the other fide the ~| Water mu burt-flide, and not ftand or pool. And the growing upon. -) Tiles, or Walls, &c. is caufed, for that thofe dried Earths, having not _ | Moitiure (ufficient to put forth a Plant, do practice Germination by put- | ting forth Mofs ; though when by age, or otherwife, they grow to re- jlent and refolve, they fometimes put forth Plants ; as Wail-flowers. | | And almoft all Mots hath here and there little Stalks , befides she low | Theunt
| Mg. groweth upon Alleys, efpecially fuchas lye cold, and upon the | 538.
| North; asindiversTarrafes. And again, if they be much trodden ; orif | they wereatthefirftgravelled: For wherefoever Plants are kept down, the
| \ 2. putteth forth Mofs.
L 3 Old
114
539.
'§40.
$41:
542.
343+
544
5455
546.
| nefs of the Water conduecthro the fame.
‘{on-e 6utward Bands, they will put forth more Mofs: Which (I think) {
fore the Surfeit of them may fuffocate andempoyfon. And this fhew:
‘ a Se 7 . . , bee ieg % , “ : ie Bui’ : c Vv: f
Natural Hiftory ; | Old Ground, that hath been long unbroken up; gathereth Mots; 2 i therefore Husbandmenufe to cure their PafturesGrounds, when they grow. to Mofs, by Tilling them fora year, ortwo: Which alfo dependeth upo n the fame caufe ; for thar the more {paring and ftarving Juyce of the Earth, in{ufficient for Plants, doth breed Mofs, i) eae Old Trees are more Moffie, (far) than young ; for that che Sap isnot|_ (o frank as to rife all to the Boughs, but tireth by the way, and pucteth out Mo ori Fountains have Aff eh upon the Ground abour them; i ) ,
PNG) ang a we gw
P {
CUufcof Fontes . Thecaufe is, for that the Founrains drain the Water from the Ground adja. | cent, and leave but fufficient moifture to breed of and befides, the cold. |
The Aafof Trees, is a kinde of Hair ; for itis the Juyce of the Tree,that | is excerned, and doth not affimilate, andupon great Trees the Mofs gather. | : etha figure, like a Leaf, te 7 ff
The moiftare fort of Trees yield little Mofs, as we {ecin ~Aps, Poplars, | Willows, Beeches, orc. Which is partly caufed for the reafon that hath been | given of the frank putting up of the Sap into the Boughs ; and partly, for} that the Barks of thofe Trees are more clofe and {mooth, than thofe of | Oaks, and Afhes, whereby the Mofs can the hardlier iffue our. _
In Clay Grounds, all Fruit Trees grow full of Mofs, both upon Bady } and Boughs; which iscaufed, partly by the coldnefs of the Ground, whereby | the Plants nourifh Iefs 3 and partly by thetoughnefs of the Earth, whereby | the Sap is fhutin, and cannot get up, to fpred fo frankly as it fhould | do. |
We have faid heretofore, that if Trees be hide—bound, they wax lefs | fruitful and gather Mofs; and that they are holpen by hacking, &c. And | therefore by the reafon of contraries, if Trees be bound in wish Cords or |
hapneth to Trees that ftand bleak, and upon the cold Winds. It would] alfo be tried, whether, if you cover a Tree, fomewhat thick upon the} top, after his powling, it will not gather more Mof&. I think alio, che} Watring of Trees with cold Fountain Water will make them grow full of} Mofs.: : Brees i
There isa Mofs the Perfumers have, which cometh out of Apple-Trees, | that hath an excellent fent.| Quere, particularly for the manner of the] growth, andthe nature of ic, And for this Experiments fake, being athing | of price, [have fet down the laft Experiments, how to multiply and call on | Moffes. (4h | Next unto Mof, ! will {peak of c%ushromes, which are likewile an} . unperfea& Plant. The Mufhromes have two ftrange propertics; the one, | that they yield fo delicious aMeat; the other, that they come up fo haftily, asina night, and yet they are unfown. Andtherefore fuch as are Upttares } in State, they call in reproach, A4ushromes. It multneeds be therefore, that they be made of much moifture; and that moifture fat, grofs, and yer fomewhat concoéted. And (indeed) we finde, that Mushromes caufe accident, which we call Incubus, or the CWare in theStomach. Afidtl
that they are windy s and thar windinefs is grofs, and {welling . fharp or griping. And upon the fame reafon Adushremes are a ve kCat. ob : Hf FY con
RI se ce
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R It is reporced, thatthe Bark of white or Ked Popiar, (which are of tae | moifteft of Trees) cut fmall, andcaftinto Furrows welldunged, will caufe the ground to pur forth Aubromes, ct all feafons of the year fit tobceaten, | fome add ro the mixture Leaven of Bread, rcfolved in Water. It is reported, that if a Hilly-field, where che ftubble is ftanding, be fet on | fice, in the fhowry {eaton, it will put forth great ftoreof Atushromes. ' < Itisteporteds that Harts-Horn fhaken, or in {niall pieces, mixed with } Dung,and watred, puttethup Mushromes. And we know that Hartt-Horn is of a fat and clammy fubftance: And it may be Ox-Horm would do the like. ‘
547.
548.
} Ithath been reported, thoughit be fcarce eredible,that Ivy hathgrown |} j outof a Stags-Hors; which they {uppofe did rather come from a copfrica- tion of the Horn upon the Ivy, than from the Hornit felf. There is nor} known any fubftance, but Earth, andthe Procedeurs of Eatth, (as Tile- | Stone, &c.) that yicldethany Mofs;or Herby fubftance. There may betryal | made of fome Seeds, as that Fennel-Sced, Muttard-Seed, and Rape-Seed, putintofomelirtle holes made in the Horns of Stags, or Oxen, to (ee if they ‘} will grow.
There isalfo another unperfeé Planr,that (in fhew) is like agreat Muth ‘Jrome: And it is fometimes as broad as ones Hat, which they call a Tosds- | ffool; but it isnot Efculenr, and it groweth (commonly) by a dead Stub of Ja Tree, andlikewi(e about the Roots of rotten Trees; and rherefore feemeth | to takehis Juyce from Wood purified. Waich fheweth by the way, that | Wood putrified yieldetha frank moifture. : | Tiere isa Cake that groweth upon the fide of a dead Tfee, thathath |. | gotren no name, butitis largeand of a Chefaur colour. and hard and pithy ; | whereby it fhouldfeem, that even dead Frees forget not their putting forth, | fo more than the Carcafies of Meus Bodies that put forth Hair and Nails for | ‘ja time. 3 1 | Thereis a Cod or Bag that groweth commntonly inthe Fields ; that at } | firft ishard like a Tennis-Ball, and white; and after growth of a Mufhrome \colour, and full of light duft upon the breaking; and is thought tobe dan-} | gerous for the eyes, ifthe Powder get into them, andto be good for Kibes. | 1Belike it hath aCorrofive, and fretting Nature. nid | | } — There is an Herb called Fews-Ear, that groweth upon the Roots, and} | lower parts of the Bodies of Trees, efpecially of Elders, and fometimes Afhes. Vic hatha ftrange propriety; forinwarm Water, itfwelleth, and opencth ex- | frreamly. Ic isnot greeny but of adusky brown colour. And itis ufed for} | quinanciesy and inflamations in the Throat, whercby it feeméth tohave a| | mollifving, andlenifying vertue, | |
) There is a kinde of Spongy excrefcence, which groweth chiefly upon the Roots of the Lafer-Free, and fométimesupon Cedar, and other Trees. [Itis very white, and light, and fryablex' which we call Agarick. It is famous in. Phyfick for the purging of tough Flegm. And it is alfoan excellentopencr | for the Liver , but offenfive to the Stomach ; and in tafte ic is, at che firft 1 fweet and afcer bitter. . Oe ! We finde no Super-Plant, that is a formed Plant, but A@ifeltoe. They | Phave anidie Tradition, that there is a Bird called a CViifel-Bird, that feedeth fupon a Seed, which many t-mes fhe cannot difgeft, and fo expelleth ic |: whole with her Excrement ; which falling upon a Bough ofa Tree, that]: hath fome rift, purtcth forth A4feltoe. But this is @ Fable; for it is not probable, that Birds fhould feed upon thatthey cannordifgeht, But allow ov ; pare z ; re eee ae that,’
as 2
- 3 ee e “ iain 3 ‘ wie oi i ee De ‘4, a Nattiral Hiiftory : ee that, yet ic cannot be for other Reafons: For firft, it is found bur upon | cercain Trees; and thofe Trees bearno fuch Fruit, as may allyre that B rd to. | fir andfeed uponthem. Jt may be, that Bird feedeth uponthe Miffeltoe- | Berries, and fo is often found there 3 which may have given occafion tothe tale, But that which maketh an end of thequeftion is, that Miffelroe hath } been found to put forth under the Boughs,and not (onely) abovethe Boughs; | fo it cannot be anything. thar falleth upon the Bough. M:flutoe groweth | chiefly upon Crab-trees, Apples-trecs, fometimes upon H fies, and rarely | upon Oaks; the Miffeltoe whereof is counted very Medicinal. It is ever | green, Winter and Summer, and beareth a white gliftering Berrys and itisa Plant, utterly differing from the Plant, upon which it groweth, Two things | therefore may be certainly fetdown: Firft, that Superfetation mult be by abundance of Sap, in the Bough that putteth it forth. Secondly, that thar | Sap muft be fuch as the Tree doth excern, and cannot aflimilare, for elfe it }_ would go into aBough; and befidesjit feemeth to be more fat and nn@uons, | than the ordinary Sap of the Tree; both by the Berry whictris clammy, and | by that it continueth, green Winter and Summer, which the Tree doth | nor. | |
——s
This Experiment of Adiffeltoe may give light to other practices; therefore } | tryal would be made, by ripping of the Bough of a Crab-tree inthe Bark, and | watering of the Wound every day; with warm water dunged, to fee if it I would bring forth Miffeltoe, or any fuchlikething. Bur it were yet more | likely, to try it with fome other Watering or anointing, that were norfonatu-} ral to the Treeas Wateriss as Oyl, or Barm of Drink, &c. So they befuch } things askill notthe Bough. . : It weregood totry, what Plants would put forth, if they be forbidden }
to putfortk their natural Boughs: Powl therefore a Trec, and coverit, fome } thicknefs with Clay on the top, and fee what it will put forth. I iuppofe it | will put forth Roots; for fo will a Cions, beirg turned down into Clay. | Therefore in this Experiment alfo, the Tree would be clofed with fomewhat } that isnot fo natural to the Plantas Clay is tryit with Leather, or Cloth, or} Painting, foitbe not hurtful tothe, Tree. And iris certain, that a Brake hath | been known to grow: out of a Pollard. ; a A Man may count the Prickes of Trees to bea kinde of Excrefcence, for |
they will never beBoughs, nor bear Leaves. The Plants that have Prickles, are Thorns, Black and White ; Bryer, Rofe, Lemmion-trees, Crab-trees, Goosberry, Berberry ; thefe have it inthe Bough. The Plants that have | Prickles in the Leaf are, Holly, Juniper, Whin-bufh, Thiftle ; Nettles alfo} | have afmallvenemous Prickle; fohath Borrage, but harmlefs. The caufe}) mutt be, hafty putting forth, want of moifture, and the clofenefs of the Bark: } For the hafte of the Spirit to put forth, and the want of nourifhment to put | forth 4 Bough, andthe clofene(s of the Bark, caufe Prickles in Boughs; and | therefore they are ever'like a Pyramis, for that the moifture {pendeth after a lite tle putting forth. And for Prickles in Leaves, they come alfo of putting forth more Juyce intothe Leaf, that can {pred in the Leaf fmoo:h; andtherefore the Leaves otherwife are rough, as Burrage and Nettles are. As for the Leaves of Holly, they arefmooth, but never plain, but asit were with folds for the 3 fame-caufe,, | 8 tes hs, i ll 560. | | - There ge.alfo Plants, that though they have no Prickles, yet they Kinde of Downey or Velvet Rine upon their Leafes; as Rofe-Campion Gilliflowers, Cols-foots, Which Down or Nap cometh of a fubtile Spir
foft or: fat {ubftance: For it is certain, that both Stock-Gilliflowers,
558.
5 59-
4 -
SPARS ny molennaest
( ‘ 4\
oan Ree ne te A TU
| }
a 2 eee men —.
| Gampions, ftamped, have been applied ¢ with fuccefs ) to the Wrelts of w4 “\thofe that have had Tertian or Quartan Agues ; and the Vapor or. Colts-foot
‘have a fanative vertue towards the Lungs, and the Leaf alfois healing in
, © Another kinde of Excrefcence is an Exudation of Plants, joyned-with) 5 ér,
2
| |
it
i afignof apeftilentyear; whichis a likely thing, becaufe they grow of cor- ruption. ¥ :
{ | | |. There is alfo upon: Radanion other Bryjety a fine Tuft, or Brathof Mofs | 562. |
al
| Worms.
}
sin $63. . | Experimenes in Confort; + touchine the is Producing of || ® perfe® Plants | avithout Seedsy |
“FTiscertain, that £arth taken-out of the Foundations of Haus and Houfes | | Land bottomsof Wells, and then put into Pots, will putforth fundry kinde
| of Herbs : But fome time is‘required for the Germination; for ifitbe taken
. but from a Fathom deep, it will put forth the firft year, if much deeper, aot > till aftera year ortwo. j
}
-7
| ‘The nature of the Plants growing out of the Zarth fo taken up, doth fol: | _ low the nature of the Mould it felf, as if the Mould be {oft and tine, it put- | ‘1 teth forth foft Herbs ; as Graff, Piantine, and the like’: If the Earth be |
é It is common Experience, that where ¢ Alleys are clofe gravelled, the | ' Earth putteth forth the firft year Knot Graf, and after Spire Graff. The caufe | is, forthat the hard Gravel or Pebble at the firft laying, -will not fuffer the |, | Grafto come forth upright, but turneth it to finde his way where it can; | but after thacthe Earth is fomewhat loofened atthetop, the ordinary Grafs cometh up. ; ur
£ Itis reported, that Earth being taken out of fhady and watry Woods, | fome depth, and potted, will putforth Herbs of a fat and juycy fubftance; |
‘as Penny-wort, Purflane, Houfleek, Penny- Royal, Gc. gh ON | 4 The Water alfo doth fend forth Plants have no Roots fixed in the bottom; buttheyare lefs perfect Plants being almoft but Leaves, and thofe _, fmallones: Such is that we call Duck-weed, which hath a Leaf no bigger | then a Thyme Leaf, but of a frefher Green, and putteth forth a little _ | fring intothe Water, far fromthe bottom. As forthe Water-Lilly, it hath | _ a Rootinthe Ground; and fo have anumber of other Herbs that grow in | _ | Ponds. . ; | : : : Itisreported by fomeof the Ancients, andfome Vadern Teftimony like- _ | wife, that there be fome Plants, that grow upon the top of theSea; being ' fuppofed to grow of fome concretion of Slimefrom the Water, where the _ + San heateth hot, and wherethe Seaftirrethlittle. As for the Algae Marina, | | (Seaweed) and Exiagium (Sea-T hiffle) both the Roots ; but have Seaweed un-
_ der the Water, the Sea Jbiftle but upon the Shore.
_| © The Ancients have noted, that there arefome Herbs that grow out of " Snow, laid up clofe together, and putrified; atid thae they are all bitter, and _) theyname one efpecially, Flemu, which we call Morh-Mollem. [tis certain, that Worms are found in Ssow commonly, like Earth-worms; and there- -) fore itis not unlike, that it may likewife put forth Plants.
rrr et tt A . . ee Par ee ae - : : \ :
565.
a
566.
5 67.
569.
’ : » - ~~ A ‘
e we lt
~ Natural Hilo %
The Ancients have affirmed, that there: are: Come Herbs thar grow o ut of Stone, which. may be, for thatiris certain,» that Toads ‘have been-fou d in the middle of aFreeftone. We {ce alfo, char Flints lying, above grout “i gather Mofss and Wall-flowers, and{ome other Flowersgrow upon W ails.| But whether upon the main Brick or Stone, or - whether ott of the Lime, or] Chinks;' isnot well obferved. For Elders and Afhes have been feen to.grow | ontof Steepless -but they manifeftly grow.ourof Clefts, infomuch as, when L they grow big, they will disjoyn theStone. ‘And befides, it isdonbtful, whe} ther the Mortar itfelf putteth:ir forth, or whether fome Seeds banor tee): fall by Birds. There be likewife Rock-Herbs, but I fuppofe thofear whete there is: fome’ Mould. or.Earth. It hath likewife.been found, thar} great Trees, growing upon Quarties, have put down their Root iméthe | Stone. - 2croVe In fome Mines in Germany, as is reported, there grow in the bottom | b Vegetables; andthe Workfolks nfeto fay, Tiaey have CAlagical Vertue, and | will not fuffer mentogether them. 5: - d bins a The Sea-fands feldom béar. Alanis, Whereof the caulesi is vicidad’ by] fome of the Ancients, forthat the Sun exhaleth the Moifture, before it:can| incorporate with the Earth, and yield a Nourifhment for the Plant. And, itis | affirmed alfo, that Sand hath (always) his Root in Clay ; and thattherebe| — no Veins of Sand, any great depth within the Earth. : Itis certain, that fome Plants put forth fora time ot ate own fore; h without any Dichici hmaih eee ele aas Watts Stone, Sc Of, which, »vide she ‘- Experiment 29. | cr vy 3993 K
118
5 70.
575s
574+ Experiments in Confort, touching | | Foreign Plants
[t® reported, That Earth rhiat was brought: out of the Indies, and kia 4 remote Countrcys for Ballaft for Ships, caft upon fome Grounds in lealy, did put forth Foreign Herbs, tousin ‘Europe not known ; and, that which is more
that of their Roots, Barks, and Seeds, contufed together, and mingled with | other Earth, and well watred with warm Water, there came forth Herbs “t much like the other. po ie
!
Plants, brought out of hot Countreys, will endeavor toput forth atthe | ~ fame time, that they doukt dointheir own climate ; and therefore to] preferve them, there isnomore required thanto keep them-fromthe injury| — of putting back by Cold. It is reported alfo, that Grain ous of the hotter Countreys tranflatedinto the Colder, will be more foreward thanthe ordi~ | ary Grain of the. cold Countrey. Ic is likely, that this will prove better ig } . Grains, thanin Treés 3 forthatGrains are but Annual, andfothe vertue of | the Seed isnot worn out, whereasina Tree, it is embafed by the Groundaaiy which it isremoved, | -
Many Plants, which growin the hotter red being fetin the onda will neverthelefs, even in thofe cold Countreys, being fown of Seeds | late in the Spring come up and abide moft. part of the Summer + .as we | finde it in Orenge, and Lemmgn Seeds, &c. , The Seeds whereof, fo in the end of c4pril, will bring forthexcellent. Sallets, mingled: with other | |Herbs.. And I doubt nor, but the Seeds of. Clove-Trees, and. Pepper- | | Seeds, &e. If they cowldcome bislist Gresa, en to be Somnus would | dothe hke. , (
575°
576.
Co Vi. ye aes vig.
A roth 26: | > baw x ait “a \owi Wo Ii id: siamo? it at slisbes fone pada host, \GFainty and) Bir pear bil Seg) 577. | véarly: and others\which come moreylate: in cheiiyear. 9: ABhe: Flowets, Experiments at come-early with us, \are,: PrimeRofet, Koolersy LAntmonies; Maret D affas eee Vaillies, Crocus Wernus; arid: forme early: »Tulippa’s.> And: vthey. ateall told Plantsy, Seafons i | 5 pace thetefore (as infhould feenty: havea quicker: Perception sofithe heat, 7” slp of the Suntinereafing, than’ the hat'Hérbs: have; as weold handwill/foonct | pase seribe a finde a little warmth, than‘a hot -And thofe tharicome next afternare Walls | Flowers; Eowllips, Hyacinths, Rofemary-flowers, &c. Aid after them) « | Pinks} RoféspFlowerdeluces, &e. Andithe lavefeares:Gillv: howers, Hol Toss Larks-Foot, &cvi ‘The earlieh Bl6ffomsare, the Bidflomsof Peach : Imonds, Cornelians.Mezerions, &e../And they ateof tuch Trees;ias have | much nioifture, either Watery, or Oyly. And therefore CroduKernusallo,, ; being: ah Herb thar hath an Oyly Juyce, .putcech farthy early...For thofe alfa) nde the Sun fooner: than the drycr*Trees. |The Grains ate; firtiaRye and | heat ; then Oats and°Barley, then Peate and! Béans';, for-though Green; eafe and Beans be’ eaten fooner, yet thedry‘ones that aré ufed for Horfe-! | meat, aré ripe laft; and it feemeth, that the fattet Grain’ cometh fit!) ‘The, | earliett Eruits are, Strawberries, Cherries, Goofeberries, Corrans 4! vaind) fter chem early Apples, early Pears, Apricots, Rafps ; and after them, Da- ofins, and moft kinde of PirmbaPeachss,8d: /Amnd) the lateftare, Apples, | |Avatdens, ‘Grapes, Nuts; air ani rinbina Bints, Regier aesiltss: ‘Hepsi: | Media, Services, Corhelians; &ew al aso Wy |
} It isto benoted, That acniae Trees pris fipen (ioe blofiom. | | fooneft 524s Peaches, Cornelians, Sloesy Almonds, 8c.) And it feemeth to be } 44 work of providence that they: bloflom fo wate: ston ibid they, could, | not have the Sun long enough ro ripens | riot { There be Fruits (but rarely) that! come: twice a years ‘as, heh Pearsy; ‘Strawberries, &c. And it’ feemeth; they! are fuch as|abound with; nourifh,)| | | ment, whereby after one. period, : before the Sunswaxeth 100 weak; they: {can endure another. The Molet allo, amongft Flowers, cometh twice 3) | jpyear’, efpecially the: double: White ,: and that, alfo: is a Plane. full. of moi- | flure. Rofes come twice}? ‘butitis nor vgitbous cutting. as hath been formerly | \faid, . p22 In Mufervia, acct Phat, comenotup Ailllate Bosiens yet their, i Harvelt is:as-early as ours. ‘Fhe caufeis, for thatthe ftrength ofthe Ground)| | is kept in’with the Snow 3° and we {ce with us, that if it be a long Wounter, ,it,| ‘lis commonly a more plentiful year » “Andafterthofe kinde of Winters like, wife, the Flowers and Corn which are: earlier and later; do; come com,,,| 4 monly at once, ‘and at.the fame time 7: whichitronbleth the, Husbandman; many times: For you fhall have Red-Rofes and Damask-Roles come toge=) |ther, and: likewife the Harveft of Wheat and Barley. ...But, this,hapneth | ever, for that the — sei ign eis and not that the later eomeaay }fooner. © Us | There ibe divers Bini Fites civ thchor Gaubtrays, endl baye Blut; fomis, and young fruit, and ripe fruir, almoft all, the year; {ueceeding one, Janother.: And irisfaid, the,Orengeiharh the like with ps, | foragteat ‘part, of, | Sammer, and fo alfo hatly the FigaovAnd:no,donbr,, the Nataral Motion of, ‘Plants isto have fo: But that eithertkey, want J nye¢ tofpend,” or'they mect. Y withthe-cold of the Wamnrer.. And: therefore fe oak of acpi er | oy 4 be, butin fuceulent Plants;:and hor Gountkeys, disw.! | & >
.|
5 80.
Some |
ee
i E "Ex periments in Confort,
touching the
533.
Lafting of Herbs and Trees.
586.
587.
LEE
588.
>| of Corn ; fome continue many years; as Hyfope, Germander, Lavender, Fennel, < se| Gta ‘Thecaufe-of the.Dying» is double; : the. firft is, the tendernefs and. sos weaknefs of the Seed, which maketh the periodcin’ a,fmall. cime,. as-it isi | "| Borrage, Leteuce, Cucumbers, Corn, &c.,-And therefore none\ot thefe,arehot.}_ |The othervcaufe is, for that fome Herbs can ;worle endure cold,.as Bafll, |
|| <2 “Treés thatbear Maft and Nuts, are commonly more lafting. thanthofe
| fame caufe is, that wilde Trees laft longer thanGarden-trees; and inthe |
_ | ceivesthaethe Rule will hold, That whatfoever maketh the Herb come la (than athis time will makeielait longertime:It were good totry itina $ - lof Wheat) 8¢: fetin the fhade, and encompaffed with acafeof Wood,
| gathered ,we fhall handleit underthe Title of Canfervarion of Bod;
=
Le > =
Natural Etifory a : a
Some Herbs are but efnnual, and die Root and all once ayear; "3s Bo rages Lettuce, Cucumbers; Misk: Melons; Bapil, Tobacos; Muftard-feed: andall kindes
Tobacco, Mufbard feed ;: and thefe have (all) muchheat.. ; , wv 2l3iLeobouie vias He OA * OS> @IWoesvEMmoelon nize, »oilweDaua wold ph lafting of Plants; is moftin:thofe that aredargeft of Bodysds Ouks, | |B Elm, Chefaut.the Loas-tree,éc. And thisholdeth in Trees, but jin Herbs | it is often contrary,;: eof mal Coleworts,. Pompions, whichare Herbs'|)
of the largelt fize, arevof fmall durance:; whereas. Ayffope, Wimer-Savorys | , Germander; Time, Sage, will-laft long.. The caufe is, for that Trees Jaft.ac- | ording to the ftrength ,» and quantity of their Sap and ‘Juyice » being. | well munited by their Bark, againft the injuries of the Air :, But Herbs] draw a weak: fuyce;, and have a foft Stalk ; and therefore thofe, a=] mongft-them-which 'laft longeft,, are Herbsof ftrong fmell, and with a}
fey Redkeni03 nrartsloor) ei - dae Rails)
that bear Fruits, efpecially the moifter Fruits; as Oaks, Beeches, Chefnuts, | Walouts, Almonds. Pine trees, &c. laftlonger than Apples, Pears, Plumbs, | &c. The caufeis, the fatnefs, and oylinefs of theSap ; which ever wafteth | lefs, than the more Watry. A : .bsta;'9¢ ote ee
Tréesthat bring forth their Leaveslate in the year, and caftthem like-" wifelate; are more lafting than thofe thatfprout their Leavesearly,; or fhed | them betimes. The caufe is, forthatthelatecoming forth, fheweth a moi- | {ture more fixed ; ‘and the other loofe, and more eafily relolved. And the }
NS 2 ee a ee ee -
fame kinde; thofe whofe Fruit is acide. more than thofe whofe Fruit is |) fweer. oi HOWL 5 Ol 2 : “4Gb00 Te | Nothing'procureth the laftingof Trees, Bufhes, and Herbs, fo much as often cutting ; forvevery cutting: caufeth a renovation of the Juyce! of the Plant; that it neither gocth fo far, nor rifeth fo faintly, as whem} the Plant is not cut: Infomuch, ‘as:e/Annual Plans, if you cur them fea- | fonably, and will fpare the ufe of them, and fuffer them to.come up ftill | young. will daft more years than one,»as hath been partly touched ; fuch | laSis Lettuce, Purflane, Cucumber, and the like. And for great Trees, | we fee almoft all overgrown Trees in Church-yards, or near ancient | Building; and the like, are Pollards: or Dottards; and not Trees at their, fullheight. - 1 -AzseakG loA-ba/ ue fd : aoc Onn Some: Experiment would be made, how by Art to make Plants more. lafting than their ordinary peric d; as to makea Stalk of Wheat, &c. lafta | whole year: You muftever prefuppofe, thatyou handle it fo, as the Winter killcth it‘not;: for we {peak onely of prolonging the Natural Period. I con-
| touching the Straw;'to'keep out open Air. Jiu: ob ved onal aang | 105 Ais forthe Prefervation of Fruits,:as well upon the Tree or Stalk; as
Osi) O10
ee ee — : ei Sern emcee fe
= >
| A few things in general, wewill obferve. Trees and Herbs, in the grow- ing forth of their Boughs and Branches, are not figured, and keep no order. | The caufe is, for that tne Sap, being reftrained in the Rinde and Bark,break- ‘ethnot forth at all, (as in the Bodies of Trees, and Stalks of Herbs,) till | they begin to branch, and then, when they make an eruption, they break } forth cafually, where they finde beft way inthe Bark or Rinde. It is true, | thatfome Trees are more {cattered in their Boughs; as Sallow trees, Warden- | trees, Quince-trees, Medlar-trees, Lemmon trees, ec. Some are more in the } form of a Pyramis, and come almoftto tod; as the Pear-trees (which the C.i- | ticks will have to borrow his name of at, Fire) Ovenge-trees, Fir-trees, Service | trees, Lime-trees,c. And fomeare more fpred and broad, as Beeches, Horn- | beam,ec. Thereft are more indifferent. The caufe of fcatrering the Boughs Jis, the hafty brezking forthof the Sap; and therefore thofe Trees rife not ‘| in a Body of any height, but Branch nearthe Ground. The caufe of the | Pyramisis, the keeping inof the Sap, long before it branch, and the fpend- | ing of it, whenic beginneth to branch, by equal degrees: The {preding is |] caufed, by the carrying up of the Sap plentifully, without expence, and then puttingit forth {peedily, and at once. | artes
q
There be divers Herts, but no Trees, that may be {aid to have fome | Kinde of order, inthe putting forth of their Leaves: For they have Joynts, for Knuckles, as it were ftopsin their Germination; ashave Gilliflowers, Pinks,
pet unequally, and doth (as itwere) tire and ftop by the way. Andit feem- ‘eth, they have fome clofenefs and hardnefs in their Stalk, which hindereth | the Sap from going up, untilithath gathered into a knot, and{o is more urged is dry ; as Fennel Stalks, Stubble, and Canes. hi Ne __ Flowers have all) exquifite Figures, and the Flower numbers are| (chiefly) fiveand four; as in Prime-Rofes, Bryer-Rofes.fingle Uusk-Rofes, fingle Pinks, and Gilliflowers,&c. which have five Leaves ; Lillies, Flower-de-luces, Dorage, Bughf &c. which have four Leaves. But fomeputforth Leaves not Dumbred, but they are ever {mall ones; as Marigolds, Trifole, oc. We fee jalfo, that the Sockets, and Supporters of Flowers, are Figured; as in the five Brethren of the Rofe, Sockets of Giliflowers,érc. Leaves allo are all figured, jfome round, fome long, none fquare, and many jagged on the fides ; which aves of Flowers feldom are. For] account, the jagging of Pinks, and Gil= | “flowers, to be like the inequality of Osk-leayes, of Vine-leaves, orthe like 3 but
they feldom or never have any {mall Purls. : C F Plants fome few put forth their Bloffoms before their Leaves; as 43 Almonds, Peaches, Cornelians, Black-Thorn, Gc. But moft put forthfome Leaves before their Bloffloms; as Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Cherry. White-Thorn, Oc The caule is for thatthofe that put forth their Bloffoms firft,have either jar ees and fharp fpirits (and therefore commonly they all putforth early jim the Spring, and ripen very late, as moft of the particulars before mention-
jed) orelfe an oyly Juyce, which is apter to put out Flowers than Leaves. ° _ OF plants fome are Green all Winter, otherscaft their Leaves. There
}areGreen all Winter, Holly, Ivy, Box, Firr, Engh, CyprefS, Funiper, Bays, Rofe-
bat), Oc. The caufe of the holding Green, is theclofe and compaét fub-| - s M ~ ftance’
- Century VE. a4) 8 2 ae { ° e ‘ ‘ . . * j ‘ } ogrHe Particular Figtires of Plantswe leaveto theirdefcriptions, burfome| 5&8 |
i Experimests | in Confort, rouchine the I Se feveral Fi- |
gures of |
Plants.
a | | 4 |
Fennel, Corn, Reeds, and Canes. The caufe whereof is, for thatthe Sap afcend-|.
toput forth. And therefore, they are mott of them hollow, when the Stalk
i ARP NI We a i eater ‘ ,
591. Experiments in Confort, touching Some principal differences iz Plants.
592.
we
fa Sy Sa alco hy Se - . P ren
Natural Fiflory ; ftance of their Leave:,and the Pedicles of them.Andthe caufe of that again
| is, either thetough and vifcous Juyce of the Plant, or the ftrength and h thereof. Of the firft fort, is Holly; which isof fo vifcous a Juyce, as “| make Birdlime of the Bark of it. The Scalk of Tyy istough, and not fi 2 as we (ee it inocher {mall Twigs dry. Fir yieldeth Pitch. Box is afatt and h W ood, as we fee itin Bowls. ugh isailrong and rough Wood, as we fe
in Bows. Of the fecona (ort, is Funiper, which isa Wood odorate, and maketh }
ahot Fie. Bays is likewifea hot and aromatical Wood, and (ois Rofemary for a Shrub, A, jorthe Leaves, their denfity appeareth in thar, cither they < re |
fmooth and fhining, asin Bays, Ally, Ivy, Box &c. or inthat they are hard and | foiry, as in the reit. And tryal would be made of Grafting of Rofemary, and } Bays, and Box, upona Holly Stock, becaufe they are Plants that come all Winter, Ir were goodcotry it aliowith Grafts of other Trees, cither Fruit trees, or | W ild-trecs,to fee whether they will not yield their Fruit, or bear their Leaves later, and jongér in the Winter ; becaufe the Sap of the Holly putrerh forth | , moftinthe Winter. Itmay bealfo a Mezerion-tree grafted upona Holly, will | prove both an earlier, and a greater Tree, eae ced ee 593. There be fome Plants that beat no Flower, and yetbear Frnit; there be fome that bear Flowers, and no Fruir ; there be fome that bear neither | Flowers nor Fruit. Moft of the great Timber-trees, (as Oaks, Beeches,&&c.) | bear no apparent Flowers ; fome few (likewife) of the Fruir-trees, as Mul- } berry, Walnuts, &e. Andfome Shrubs, (as Juniper, Holly, &c.) bear no | Flowers. Divers Herbs alfo bear Seeds, (which is as the Fruit,) and yet bear | no Flowcrs, as Purflane, &c. Thofethat bear Flowers, and no F.nit, are few, | as the double Cherry, theSallow, &c. But for the Cherrv, it is doubtful, | whether it be not by Art or Cultures for if ic be by Art, then tryal would be } made, whether Apples and other Finirs Blofloms may not be doubled. There } are fome few, that bearneither Fruit, nor Flower; asthe Elm, the Poplars, | Box, Braks, &e, | ieee, Oe 394. 1. ~ Tuere be fome Plants that fhoot ftillupwards, and can fupport them. | felves, as the greateft part of Trees and Plants: There be fome other, that ereep along the Ground, or wind abeut other Trees, or props, and cannot | fupport themfelves; as Vines, Ivy, Bryar, Briony, Wood-bines, Hops, |
Climatis, Camomil, &c; The caufe is, (as hath been partly touched) for that | :
A
i q ' ‘
all Plants, (naturally) moveupwards ; butif the Sap put up too fait, it maketi a flender Stalk, which will not {apport the weight ; and thereforethefelatter |
fort are all fwift and hafty comers.
595. He Grit and moft ordinary help is Stercoration. ‘The Sheeps-dung is one of | | Experiments | Bae beft; and next, the Dang of Kines and thirdly, that of Horfess eee | waich is heldto be fomewhat toohot, unlefs-it be mingled ; that of Pigeons Manner of | for a Garden, asa fmal! quantity of Ground, excelleth. The orderin Compoftsand | Dung is, ifthe Ground be Arable, to fpred itimmediately before the Plo Frelp of ee Agree Do ae ae : 4 edie Cane, ing and Sowing, and foto Ploughitin: For if you {pred it long befor
; Sun will draw out much of the fatnefs of the Dung: If the Ground be G Ground, to fpred it fomewhat late towards Winter, that the Sun m thelefs power to dry it up. Asfor{pecial Confposts for Gardens (as a Hot Bed, cre
| we have handledthem before. © th a ae aes ; bot i beset 7 Thefecond kinde of Compoftis,the fpreding of divers kinde: | | as (Marl, Chalk, Sea Sand, Earthupon Earth, Pend-Earth, and the u them. CWarl is thought to be the bcft, as having moft fatn
Le ae NS Pe
Century VI.
| heating the Ground too much. The next is Sed-faid, which (ho doubt) | obtained a {pecial vertue by the Sales fot Salristhe fir rudimenic ‘of lite. } Chalk over-ineateth the Ground a little; and therefore ‘is belt upon’ cold | Clay Grounds, or moift Grounds : But Iheard a great Husband lay, thavic was acommonerror to think that Chalk helpeth Airable Grounds; but‘helpeth | not Grazing Grounds, whereas (indeed) it helpetly Grafs as'well#¥‘Gorn: | But chat which breedeth the error is,’ becaufe after the chalkiiip ‘of the Ground, they wear it out with many Crops, without refts and then (indeed) | afterwardsit will bear little Grafs, becaufethe Groundis tired our. Stwere | | good to try the laying of Chalk upon Airable Grounds, ‘a little whilebefore: | Ploughing, and to Plough it in, as they ‘do the Dung’; but thenicmattbe Friable firft, by Rain or Lying: As for Earsh it compaffeth ic felfi; for 1 knew agreat Garden, that had a Field (in. a manner) poured upon ‘it, !andir did bear Fruit excellently the fitft year of the Planting }*for the Surface of | ‘|the Earthis ever the fruitfulleft: And Zarsh fo prepared hath a double Sur- } face. Butitistrue, as I conceive, that fuch Earh as hath S.alt-Perer brédin it, | {if you can procure it without too much charge, doth excel: The’ way to'} - | haftert the breeding of Sus-Peser, is to forbid the Sus, and the growth'of | Vegetables. And therefore, if youmakea large Hovel, thatched, overfome | wantity of Ground ; nay; if youdo butplanck the'Ground over, it Will’; eed Salt-Peter. As for Pond-earth or River-earth, it is avery good compdtt, f efpecially, if the ‘Pond have been long uncleanfed, and fothe Water be’ not too hunery; and I judge it will be yetbetter, if there-be'1ome mixture. of | | Chalk. | | =‘ Thethirdhelp of Groundis, by fome other Subftances that have ver- | tue to make Ground Fertile, though they benot meerly Earth, wherein Afhes | i. infomuch as the Counsreys about CZina and Vefuvius have akinde of | amends made them, for the mifchief the eruptions (many times) do, by | | ES exceeding fruitfulnefs of the foyl, caufed by the Afhes icattered about. | oot alfo, thoughthin, {pred in a Feld or Garden, is tryed to be avery good |. compoft. For Salt it is too coftly ; buticis tryed, thatmingled with Seed-. ‘corn, and fown together, it doth good: And] amof opinion, that Chalkin Powder, mingled with Seed-corn;woulddo good; perhaps asmuch as Chalk- ing the Ground all over. As forthe fteeping of the Seeds in feveral mixtures with Water, togive them vigor, or watring Grounds with Compoft-water, | we have fpoken of them before. | The fourth help of Ground is, the fuffering of Vegetables to die into the Ground, and foto fatten it 5 as the Stubble of Corn; efpecially Peafe. Brakes caftupon the Ground in the beginning of Winter; will make it very | fruitful. It were good (alfo)to try whether Leaves of Trees fwepttogether, | Avith fome Chalk and Dung mixed, togive them morcheart, would not make a good Compoft: For thercis nothing loft, fomuch as Leaves of Trees, andasthcy lic fcattered, and without mixture, they rather make the Ground four, than otherwife. if The‘ fthhelp of Ground is, Heat and Warmth. Iehath been anciently jpractifed toburn Heath, and Ling. and Sedge, with the vantage of the Wind, upontheGround. We fee, that Warmthof Walls and Inclofures, mendeth Ground; we fee alfo, that lying open tothe South, mendcth Ground; wefec again that the Foldings of Sheep help Gound as well bytheir warmth, as by their compoft: And it may be doubted, whether the covering of the Ground }with Brakes, in the beginning of the Winter (whercof we {pake in the laft Experiment) helpeth it not, by reafonof the Warmth. Nay, fomevery good 7 | Bi _Husbands | __
598.
599.
600.
Fe RR EN RR orale er
Vi > a teil , ‘ § . “ tt
‘Husbands do fufpeét, thatthe gathering up of Flints in Flinty Ground, and Taying them on heaps (which is much ufed) is ne good Husbandry for hat. they would keep the Ground warm.. roa dist97:-4090 aie _/ The fixth help of Ground is, by Watring and Irrigation, which is in} /twomanners ; The oneby Letting in, and Shutting out Waters, at feafon-} -abletimess for Water,at fomefeafons, and with reaionable ftay, dothgood; | but at fome other, feafons, and with too long ftay, doth hurt. And this | ferveth onely for Meadows, whichare along fome River... ‘The other way | is tobring Water from fome hanging Grounds, where there are Springs |) into the lower Grounds, carrying itin fome long Furrows 5; and from thofe |) Furrows, drawingit traverfetofpredthe Water: Andthis maketh an excel |) lent improvement, both for Corn and Grafs. Itis the richer, if thofe hang-. ‘ing Grounds, be fruitful, becaufe it wafheth off fome of the fatnefs of the ‘Earth; but howfoever it profiteth much. Generally wherethere are gréat overflows in Fens, or the like, the drowning of them in the Winter, maketh the Summer following more fruitful; The caufe may be for, that it keepech_ the Ground warm, and nourifheth it. But the Fen-men hold,that the Sewers | mutt be kept fo, asthe Water may not ftay toolong inthe Spring, till the }) | Weeds .and Sedge be grown up;: for thencthe Ground will be like a Wood | which: keepeth out the Sun, and fo continueth the wet ; whereby it will | never graze (to purpofe) that year. Thus much for Irrigation; but for | Avoidances, and Drainings of Water, where there is too much, andthe | helps of Ground in that kinde, wefhall {peak of them in anotherplace. |.
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Century VII.
QHe differences between Animate and Inanimate Bodies, we
Spirits, and Powers. We fhall therefore make but a brief’ mention of them in thisplace. The main differences aretwo. All Bodies have Spirits, and Pneumatical parts 8 within chem; but the main difterences between Ani- mate and Inanimate aréetwo. ‘The firft is, that the Spirits of things animate, are all contined with themfelves, { and are branched in Veins, and fecret Sariales, as Bloodis: And in Living | Creatures, the Spirits havenotonely Branches, but certain Sells or Seats, where the principal Spirits do refide, and whereunto thereft do refort: But the Spiritsin things Inanimate are fhut in, and cut off by the Tangible parts ; and are not pervious one to another, as Airisin Snow. ‘The fecond main difference is, thatthe Spirits of Animate Bodies are all infome degree (more or lef{s) kindled and inflamed, and have a fine commixture of Flame, and ‘an Arial fubftance : But Inanimate Bodies have their Spirits no whitin- flamedorkindled. And this difference confifteth not inthe Heat or Cool- {nefs of Spirits; for Cleves and other Spices, Naptha and Petrolenm, have ex- ‘ceeding hot Spirits (hottera great deal than Oy/, Wax, or Tallow, @c.) but
: . Se 3 SMA Ke
1 WENA
WS
4 |
e inflamed, thanthey gather amuch greater heat, than others have unin- flamed, befides their light and motion, &c.
| Thedifferences whichare fecondary, and proceéd from théfe two ra- \dical differences are, firft, Plams are all figurate and determinate, which jinanimate Bodies are not; for look how far the Spirit is able to fpred and continue it felf, fo far goeth the fhape or figure, and then is determined. Secondly, Pésms do nourith, inanimate Bodies donot; they have an Accre- om but no Alimentation. Thirdly, Plants havea petiod of life; which in- | animate Bodies havenot. Fourthly, they have afuceeffion and propagation of their kinde, which is notin Bodics inanimate. te
‘not inflamed. And when any of thofe weak and temperate Bodies come to |
Md | oi
601.
{hall handle fully under the Title of Life, and Living Experiments
in Confort, touching the Affinities and Differences, ° between Plants and Inanimate Bodies.
602,
LD CC a A gee EE et RAED PLOY INO A NIL TI AOI
et
606
G07. Experiments jin Confort,
j touching the A finities and Differences of Plants, and Living Crea- tures: nd
| the Confines
and Participles |
| of them.
}
a8.
|aremorc durable than Plants : Secondly, they are more folid and hard ; | and partunder Earth.
| Metals both; Coralisone of the nearcft of bothkindes; another is Vitrio for that is apteft tofprout with moifture. ‘
‘ iad . : ae ‘tures. Filthly, Living Creatureshave a more exad Figure than Plants. Sixthly, |
| Senfe, which Plantshavenot. Eightly, Living Creatures have Voluntaty®
' theoneto the other, that the contaé might be:enjoyned by the conta
“ SS nS ee ee) =t megier~ =
Natural Fiiflory, é cf _ The differences between runts,and Metals, or Joftiles befides thofe fouk Np beforementioned, (for AZtals Lhold inanimate) are thefe: Firft, ¢Werals |
‘thirdly, they are wholly fubterrany; whereas Plantsarc part above Earth, |
There be'very few Creatures that patticipate of the Nature of Plants, and | oe Another fpecial Affinity is between Plants and Mould, or Putrefaction: | For all Putrefadion, (if it diffolve notin Arefadion) willin the end iffuein- | to Plants or Living Creawuresbred of Putrefattion. Jaccount CMof, ond Atufh- | vomes, and Aearick, andother of thofe kindes, to be but AZulds of the Ground, | Walls, and Trees;and the like. As for Flesh and Fish and Plants them(elves, ia and anumber cf other things, aftera (Wouldinef, or Rortennef, ox Corrupting, | | they will fallto breed Worms. Thefe Putrefadions, which have Affinity with Plants, have this difference from them; that they have no fucceffion Or pro- |, pagation, though they nouri/b, and have a period of Life, and have likewife | fume Figure. 4 I left once, by chance, a Citron cut in a cloferoom, for three Summer- | moneths, thatI was abfent; and-atmy return, there were grown forthout } of the Pith cut, Zuftsof Hairs,an inchlong, withlictle black Heads as if they | would have been fome Herb. | :
He Affinities and Differences.between Plants and Living Creatures, are}
thefe that follow. They have both of them Spirits continued and branched, andalfoinflamed. Buefirftin Living Creatures the Spirits haye a Cell | or Seat, which Plants have not, as was alfo formerly faid.» And fecondly, the } Spirits of Living Creatures hold more of Plume, than the Spirits of Plants do; | and thefe twoarethe Radical differences. For the Secondary differences, | they areas follow. Firft, Plants areall fixed to the Earth; whereasall Living Creatures are fevered, and of themfelves. Secondly, Living Creatureshave | Local Motion, Plants havenot. Thirdly, Living Creaturesnourifh from } their upper parts by the Mouth chiefly; Plants nourifh from below, namely | from the Roots. Fourthly, Plantshave their Seed and Seminal parts upper~ | moft, Living Creatures have them lowermoft ; and therefore it was {aids} not Elegantly alone, but Philofophically: Homee/t Planta inverfa. (Man islike | a Plantrurned upwards ; For the Root in Plants, isas the Head in Living Crea=}
Living © reatureshave more diverfity of Organs within their Bodiesand (as} it were).inward Figures than Plants have. Seventhly,Living Creatures have
Motion, which Plants havenot: og eee . 4 hats ona ! For the difference of Sexesin Plants, they are oftentimes by name diftin- |) guilhed; as 4/ale-Piony, Female. Piony ; ©A¥ale Rofemary, Female:Rofemary ; He- | Holly, She-Holly, &¢. But Generation by Copulation (certainly! extendeth nottoPlants, The neareft approach of it, is between the He-Palm, and Sae-Palm, which (as they report) if they grow near, incline the one t others infomuchas, (that whichismore ftrange) they doubtnot to: “t that-to. keep the Trees upright frombending, they tye Ropes or Lines:
middle Body.. But thismay be feigned,iorat leaftamplified. Neverthel
\
pe re aes a
a co a ae ran
™— ? 7 75)" Te “4 = ‘
ilike unto Mafculine and Feminine, doth hold in all Living Bodies. It is con- | founded fometimes ; as infome Creatures of PutrefaGion, wherein no marks of diftin@ion appear 5 and it is doubled fometimes, asin Hermaphrodites : | but generally there is a degree of ftrength in moftSpecics.
The Participles or Confiners between Plants and Living Creatures, are | fuch chiefly as are fixed, and have not Local Motion of remove; though | | they have a Motion in their parts,fuchas are Oyfterss Cockles, and fach like,
Thereis afabulous Narration, That inthe Northern Countreys there fhould be :
an Herb that growethin the likencfs of a Lamb, and feedeth upon the Grafs, | infach fort, as it will bear the Grafs round about. But, I fuppofe, that the
Figure maketh the Fable ; for lo we fee there be Bee-flowers, &c. And as
for the Grafs, it feemeth the Plant, having agreatitalk andtop, doth prey
pea the Grafs a good way about , by drawing the Juyce of the ‘arth rom it. :
i
a Be FE A erent naan es a - -
a LN AA ns i lt ae om
‘
He Indian Fig boweth his Roots down fo low in one year, as of it felf it i taketh Rootagain; andfo multiplieth from Root to Root, making of
Riffly upheld, weigh down. Ithath Leaves as broad as‘a little Target, but | the Fruitno biggerthan Beans. The caufe is, for that the continual fhade in- ' creafeth the Leaves, and abateth the Fruit; which neverthelefs is ofa plea- fant tafte. And that (no doubt) is caufed, by the fupplenefs and gentlenefs of the Juyce of that Plant, being that which maketh the Boughs alfo fo | “flexible. a ,
it is reported by one of the Ancients, that there is a certain Indian Tree, | having few, but very great Leaves, three cubits long, andtwo broad; and |, thatthe Fruit being of good tafte, groweth ont of the Bark. It maybe ‘there be Plants that pour out the Sap1{> faft, as they have noleifure, either todivide: |) into many Leaves, orto put forth Stilksto the Fruit. With us Trees gene- | rally have {mall Leaves i comparifon: The Fighaththe greateit, and next it the Pine, Mulberry, and Sycamore, andthe leaftate thofeof the Willow, Birch, and Thorn. Butthere be found Herbs with far greater Leavesthan any Trees: |, as the Bur, Gourd, Cucumber, and Colewort. Thé caufeis, (like to that of the in’ | dian Fig) the hafty and plentiful putting forth of the Sap. Nhe | There be three things in ufe for fweetnels, Sugar, Honey, AZunna) For |, Sugar, co the ~4nciems it was fearce known, and little ufed. It is found’ in’ | Canes; Quere. whether to the firft Knuckle, or farthertp? and whether the: very Bark of the Cane ic felf doyield Sugar, orno'? For Huney, the Bee maketh it, or gathereth it 5 but Thaveheard from one; that was induftrions }in Husbandry, thatthelabor of the Bee is aboutthe Wax,’ atid that hehath Knownin thebeginning of Azzy, Honey-Combs empty of Honey, and within | afortnight, when the {weet Dews fall, filled’like a Cellar. ‘It is reported by | fome of the _Ancients,that there isa Tree called Occhus, in'the Valleys of Ayr- | | cania, that diftilleth Honey in the Mornings. It is not unlike, that the Sap’ | and Tears of fome Trees maybe fweet. It may be alfo, thatfome {weet fuy- ces, fitformany ufes, may be concoéted cut of Fruits, to the thicknels of | Pecney, or perhaps of Sugar; the likelicft are Rafins of the Sun, Figs, and ‘Corrans : The Means may be enquired. ‘ #8350 tk ) ‘~The -ncients report of a Tree, by the Perfian Sed, upon sustain | BeASs 0. which }*
aero
a
SSS SS re
—
an} apt ensuelitothink, that this fame Binarium of a ftronger and a wéaket,
Century VIET. ies 24
63g,
GIO.
GII.
612.
Experiments — Pramifcuous
one Tree a kinde cf Wood. Thecaufeis, theplenty of the Sap, and the |ronchivg foftac{s of theftalk, which maketh the Bough, being over-loaten, andnot |°"""*
SS ee
128 re : “Natural Hiflory ‘
which is nourifhed withtheSalt-water; and whenthe lide «bbeth, you fhall |
(ce the Kocts, as it were, bare without Bark (being, asitfeemeth, corroded by |. the Salt) and grafping the Sands like a Crab, which neve schelels bearech.a Fruit. Le were goodto try fome hard Trees, asa SctviceeTrecor Fit. Tree, by fetting chem within the Sands.
aThete be of Plants which they ufe for Garments, thefe thar follow, Hemp, Flax, Cotton, Nettles, (whereof they make Nertle cloth) Sericum, which} isa prowing Silk; they make alfo Cables of the Barkof Lime-Trees, It isthe} Statk that maketh ‘the Filaceous matter commonly, and fometimes the Donn | that groweih above.
Tney have in fome Countreys, a Plant of a Rofie-colour, which tise inthe Night, opencthin the Morning, and openeth wiae at Noon ; which the Inhabitants of thofe Countreys fay, isa Plant that fleepeth. Therebe Sleep- f ersenough then; for almoft all Flowers dothe like.
Some Plants there are, but rare, that havea Moffie or Downy Root, _and | ‘likewife that have anumber of Threds like Beards, as CMandrakes whereofft Witches and Impoffors make an ugly Image, giving irthe formof a faceatthe | top of the Roor, and leave thofe firings to make abroad Beard downto the | foot. Alfothere isa kindeof Nardin Creet (being a kinde ot Phu) thathath } a Roothairy, hkeanough-footed Doves foot. Soas you may fec, there are of Roots, Bulbous Roots, Fibrous Roots, and Efuafuge Roots. And, J takeit, inthe f Bulbous, the Sap hattaerh moftto the Air and Sun: Inthe Fibrow, the Sap des} | lighteth more in the Earth, and therefore putteth downward ; and the Hir- | fureisa middle between both, that befides the putting forth aw aati and | downwards, putreth forth in round.
There are fome J ears of Trees, which are kembed from he Beards off Goats; for when the Goats bite and crop them, efpecially in the Mornings, | the Dew being on, the Tear cometh forth, and: hangeth upon their Beards; Of this fort isfome kinde of Ladanum. All
The irrigation of the Plane-tree by Wine, is reported by the jo ntl | to make it fruitful. It wouldbe tryed likewife with Roots; for upon Serdall it worketh no great effec. I
The way tocarry Foreign Roots, a long way, isto veffel them clole j in Earthen veffels; but if the Veflels be not very great, you muft make Conse holes in the bottom, to give fome refrefhment to the Roots; which autisin 7.
wife (as it feemeth) will decay, and fuffocate. |
The ancient Cinnamon, was, of all other Plants, while it grew, the dryetts| and thofe things which are known to comfort other Plants, did make } that-more fteril; for in fhowers it ptofpered worft : It grew alfo amongte) Bufhes of other kindes, where commonly Plants do not thrive, neither did| itlove the Sun. There might be one caule of all thofe effe&s , namely,” the {paring nourifhment, which that Plant required. - Quere, bow fac | CafSia, which is now the fubftitute of Cimmamon , doth participate of thefe | things, — joel]
_ Itisreported ‘bi one of the cAncients,that Cafe, when itis gathered, i Soh
put into the Skins of Beafts newly fleyed; and that the Skins corrupting, land breeding Worms, the Worms.do devour the Pith and Matrow of it 1
and fo. make ithollow, but meddle not with the Pathe becaule to them it ais bitter. — we There were in ancient time, Vines of far greater Bodies, then wenn ow | any 5 fortherehave been Cups made of them, andan Image of Fupicer. Bui ir islike they were wilde Vines; for the Vines that they ufefor Wine, ar
614-
615.
616.
617-
618.
619.
620.
621i.
622,
Century Vi Il.
oftencut; and fomuchdigged and dreffed, that their Sap {pendethinto the) Grapes, and fo the Stalk cannotincreafe much in bulk.. The Wood of Vines is very durable, withoutrotting. And that which is ftrange, thoughno Tree hath che Twigs, while they aregreen, fobrittle, yet rie Wood dried is ex- | "| tream rough; and was ufed by the Captains of Armies:amorgftrhe Romans | for their Cudeels. ' 7 4: | ©. Ie is reported, That in fome places; Vines: are fuffered to grow like | Herbs fprejing upon the Ground, and: that the Grapes of thofe Vines are very great. It were goodtomaketryal, whether Plants that ufeto be born | up by props, will putforth greater Leaves, and greaterFruits if they belaid
along the Ground ; as Hops, Ivy, Woodbine, &c. ood i"
—— Quincesor Apples crc.if youwill keep them long,’drown them in Honey; | but becaufe Honey (perhaps) will give them a tafte over-lufhious, it were good to make tryalin Powder of Sugar, :or in Syrrup of Wine onely boiled to height. Both thefe would likewife be tried in Orenges, Lemmons, and | Pomegranates ; forthe Powder of Sugar, and Syrrupof Winc, will ferve. | for times more than once. 7 ' |. The Gonfervation of Frait would be alfotried in Veflels, filled with fine
Sand, or with Powder of Chalk, or in Meal and)Flower.. or in Duft of Oak-wood, or in Mill. , , a Such Fruits as you appoint for long keeping, ‘you mutt gather before {they be full ripe, and in afair and dryiday, towards.Noon ; and when the Wind bloweth not South, and whenthe Moon is under the Earth, and in | decreate.
\} Take Grapes, and hang themin an empty Veffel, well topped; and fet the Veffel not in a Cellar, butin fomedry.places andit is faid, they will laft jlong. But itis reportedby fome, they willkeep better in a Veflel half full j}of Wine, fothatthe Grapestouchnorthe Wine. | ; ' |. Itisreported, thatthepreferving of the Stalk, helpeth to preferve the | Grape; efpecially, if the Stalk be put into the Pith of Elder, the Elder not | | touching the Fruit. |
| the Bottles let down into Wells under water, will keep long. | Of Herbsand Plants, fome are geod to eatRaw; as Lettuce, Endive, Poty at Tarragon,Crefles, Cucumbers, Musk-Melons, Radith,éc.. Others
onely after they are boiled, or have paffed the Fire ;_ as Parfley, Clary,Sage, |
| Parfnips, Turnips, Afparagus, Artichoaks, (though they alfo being young are eatin raw.) But anumber of Herbs are not-efculent at all ;, as Worm- ‘wood, Grafs Green-Corn, Centory, Hyflope, Lavender, Balm, &c. The | canfes arc, for thatthe Herbs that are not efculent, do want the two taltes, jin which nourifhmencrefteth; which are fat and fiveet, and have (contrari- wife) bitter and over-ftrong taftes, or ajuycelocrude, as cannot be ripened to the degree of Nourifhment, Herbs, and Plants, that are Efculent raw,haye fatnefs, or fiveetnefs (asallE{culent Fruits) fuch are Onions, Lettuce, &c. But | then it muft be fuch a fatnefs (for as for {weet things, theyare in effeé al- Ways efculent) asis not over-grofs,asloading of theStomack; for Parfnips jandLecks havefatnefs; but it is too grofs and heavy without boiling. It
mutt be alfo in a fubftance fomewhat tender; for we fee Wheat,Barley, Arti~ \ choaks, areno good Nourifhment, till they have paffed the Fire; but the Fire ¢oth ripen, and maketh them foft and tender, and.fo they become
not
A ts wey ees * “ - .
It isreported by fome of the —Ancients, that Fruit put into Bottles, and |.
efeulent. As for Raddifh, and Tarragon, andthelike, they are for Condi- | | ments, and not for Nourifhment; and evenfome of thofe Herbs, which are |
129 |
623.
624.
627,
628.
625.
ee =o
~~ Natural Hiftory 3
notefculent, are notwithftanding poculent; as Hops, Broom,ec. “.Quate, what Herbs are good for Drink, befides the two-aforenamed ; for that it m: , (perhaps) cafe the charge of Brewing; if they make-Beerto require lefs Male or make ivlaftlonger. ida! : vod ciw TL yet Parts fit forthe nourifhment of (Wan in Plants, are Seeds, Roots, and Fruits; butchiefly Seeds and Roots. For Leaves,they give no nourifhmentatall, | or very little; no moredo Flowers,ot Bloffoms, or Stalks. The reafomis, for} that Roots, and Seeds, and Fruit, (inasmuchasall Plans confit of an Oyly, and Watry fubftance commixed) have more of the Oyly fubitance, and} Leaves, Flowers,-c.. of the Watry.» And fecondly, they are more conco@ed | for the Reor, which continueth ever in the Earth, is ftilleconcoéted bythe | Earth; and Fruitsand Grains (we fee) archalf a year, or méreimconcodting ; | whereas Leaves are out, and perfe@tina Moneth. . ae Slotgod. aye Plants (for the moft part) aremore ftrong, both in tafte-and fmell inthe | Seed, than in the Leaf.and Root. Thecaulcis, for thatin ¢/ansthat are not} of afierce and eager fpirit, the vertue is increafed by Concoétionand Ma-| turation, which is ever moft in the Seed; but in Plants that are of afierce and} eager {pirit, they are {tronger whileft the {pirie is inclofed in the Root; and| the f{pirits do but weaken and diflipate, when they cometo the 4ir and Sun: | as we fee in Onions, Garlick, Dragon, ec. Nay, there be Plants that have their | Roots very hot and aromatical, andtheir Seeds rather infipideas Ginger. The} caufeis (as was touched before) forthatthe heat of thofe Plants is very diffiz pable; which underthe Zarth is containedand held in, but when it comet to the Air, it exhaleth. aa The Juyces of Fruits, are either WatryorOyly. Ireckonamonett the | Watry, all the Fruits, outof which, Drinkisexpreffed; as the Grape, the.dp- ple, the Peer, the Cherry, the Pomegranate; @c.. And there arefome others, which | though they be notin ufe for Drink, yet they appear to be of the famenaturé; | as Plums, Services, Mulbervies, Rafps, Orenges, Lemmons, &c. Andfor thofe Juyces | that are fo fielhy, as they cannot make Drink by Expreffion, yet perhaps)
130
u
631.
632.
633.
‘
| they may make Drink bymixture of Water.
4
i Anditmay be Heps and Brier-Berries woulddo thelike. Thofe that have Oyly | Juyces, are Olives, Almonds, Nuts of all forts, Pine-Apples, Gc. and their Juyces| are allinflamable. And you muft obferve alfo,thatfome of the Watry Juyces, | after they have gathered {pirit, will burn and enflame, as Wine, Theteisa} third kinde of Fruiethat is{weet, without either fharpnefs or oylinefs ; fuch | as isthe Fg and the Date. \
Poculaque admifeis imitantur vitea Sorbis.
Q34e It hath been noted,that moft Trees,and efpecially thofe that bear Mof, | are fruitful but once in two years. The caufe, no doubt, isthe expence of |
Sap; for many Orchard Trees well cultured , will bear divers years toge- | |
yt ; A ASB om
635: There is no Tree, which befidesthe Natural Fruit, dothbear fo many } |
| Baftard Fruits as the Ozk doth ; for befides the eA corm, it bearetl: Gals, | Onk-Applés, and certain O«k-Nuts, which are inflamable.; and cert: Oak. Berries {ticking clofe tothe Body of the Tree without Stalk. It bear alfo Miffelre; though rarely. The caufe of all thefe may be, the clofe }and folidnefs of the Wood, and Pithe of the Oak; whichmaketh fey | Juyces finde feveral Eruptions. | And therefore, if you will devife ton any SuperePlams , you muft ever give the Sap plentiful rifing, and. pees + va Mla Pi ys Olek 909, 2
Century VIL. ées; ‘both’ of them
| There aretwo Excrefccnces which grow upon Tr Jin the nature of CMuhromes; the onethe Romans called Bolesws, which grow-
iby fome, that itgroweth allo atthe Roots. I doconceive, thatmany Ex- |crefcences of Trees grow chiefly, where the Tree is dead ot faded ; for
'ftance. —
} than hurt: For generally all Fruits bear beft loweft, becaufe the Sip itreth, not having butafhort way. Andtherefore in Fruits {pred upon Walls, the | loweft are the greareft, as was formely aid: So it is, the fhade that hindreth | the lower Boughs, except it be in fuch Trees as delight in fhade, or at leait | bearitwell. And therefore they are either ftrong Trees, asthe Oaks or clfe they have large Leaves, asthe Walnut and Fig, or elfethey grow in Pyramis as the Pear. Burif they require very much Sun, they bear beft on thetop; | as it is Crabs, Apples, Plumb:, &c. , There be Treesthat bear beft when they begin to be old ; as Almonds, Pears, Vines, and all Trees that give Maft.» The caufeis, for that all Treesthat bear Maft have anoyly Fruit; and young Trees have a more watry Juyce,and lefs concoéteds andof the ame kindealfo isthe Almond. Tine Pear likewife though it benotoyly, yet it requireth much Sap, and well concofted; for we fee itis a heavy Fruit and folid, much more than Apples, Plumbs, &ce. As for the Vine, it is noted that it beareth more Grapes when it isyoung; but Grapes thatmake better Wine when itisold, for that the Juyce is the better | concoéted: And wefee, that Wine isinflamable, fo asivhath a kinde of oyli- nefs. But the moft part of Trees, amongft which are Apples; Plumbs, é&c. | bear beft when they are young. |» yf | There be Plants that have a Milk in them. when they are cut; as Figs, }Old Lettuce, Sow-thiftles, Spurge, é&c. The caufe may be an Inception of } Purrefaction : For thofe Milks have allan Acrimony, though one would think | they fhould be Lenitive. For if you write upon Paper with the Milk of the | Fig, the Letters will not be feen, uatil you hold the Paper before the fire; Jand then they wax brown; which fheweth, char it is a fharp or fretting Juyce.. Letiuce is thought poyfonous, when itis fo old as to have Milk : | Spurge isa kinde of poyfonisitfelf; andasfor Sow-thiftles, thouga Coneys Jeat them, yet Sheep aad Cattel will nottouch them; and befides, the Milk Jof them, rubbed upon Warts, in fhort time weareth them away: Which \fheweth the Milk of them to be Corrowfive. We fee alo, that Wheat and Jother Cornfown, if youtake them forth of ‘the Ground, b: fore they fprout, are fullof Milx; and the beginning of Germination is ever a kinde of Pu- |} teefaction of the Seed. Fupborbium alfo hath a Milk, thoughnotvery white, whichis of a great Acrimony. And Saladine hath a yellow Milk, which hath Wikewife much Acrimony, for it cleanfeth the Eyes ; it is good alfo for Cararads. . | —- Mashromesare reported to grow, as well upon the Bodies of Trees as | upon their Roots, or uponthe tarth, and efpecially upon the Oak. The jeaufeis, forthat ftrong Trecs are towards fuch Excrefcences in the nature of Earth, and therefore put forth 170f, Mushromes, and the like.
ete -
I
feth upon the Roots of Oaks, and was one of the dainties of their Table: | )The other is Aedicinal, that is called eA garick (whereof we have fpoken | before) which groweth upon the tops of Oaks; though it be affirmed |
i that the Natural Sap of the Tree, corrupteth into fome Prenatural fub. | The greater part of Trees bear moft, and belt onthe lower Boughs 5
| 5 Oaks, Figs, Walnuts, Pears, &c, Butfomebear beftonthe top Bonghs, as. | Crabs, @c. Thofe that bear beit below, 8 fuch, as fhade doth more g00d to |
The |
637.
6:8,
639.
640.
parece Re ONO PA He
oa ar
ae!’
(anne Sem 2a PON i 641. Thercis hardly found a /‘lea that yieldetha red juyeein
maketh the {ree of Sanguis Draconis leflertowards the top, becaufe the ved : haftneth not up; and befides, it is very Aftringent, and therefore of flow |
, *¥
wa ¢ | =. Aa
643. The Death, that ismoft without pain, hathbeen ncredt
are chiefly raifed by the {trife of the Spirits ; andthefe Vapors quench the| Spirits by degrees ; like to the death of an extream old Man. J cone| ceive it is lefs painful then Cpium, becaufe Opium hath parts of heat} mixed. LM . i SO CAA. There be Fruits that are {weet before they ripen, as (Wérabolanes: & | 44 | Yeap rabolanes ; Fennel-feeds are {weet before they ripen, and after grow fpicy ; and fome never ripento befweet ; as Tamarinds, Barbervies, Crabs, Sloes, @¢. The cauk is, for thatthe former kinde have muchand fubtile heat, which caufeth early] fwweetnefs ; the latter have acold and acide Juyce, which no heat of the) Sun can fweeten. Butas for the Mirabolane, it hath parts of contrary natures, for itis {weet and aftringent. 2 (e ae 645. There be few Herbs that have a Salttafte; and contrarivife, all Blood} of Living Creatures hath afaltnefs ;: the caufe may be, for that Salt, though it be the Rudimenrof Life, yet in Plants the original tafte remaineth n for you fhall have them bitter, fowre, fweet, biting, but feldom fale: B Living Creatures, allthofe high taftes may happen to be (f{ometimes) in humors, but are feldom inthe flefh, or fubftance; becaufeitisof a n oyly Nature, which isnot very fufceptible of thofe taftes; and the fa] itfelf of Blood, is but alight and fecret faltnefs: And even among Play fome do participate of faltnefs, as ga Marina, Samphire, Scurvy Graf, And they report there is infome of the Indian Seas, a Swiming Plant, w | they call Salgazu, {preding ever the Sea, in fort, as one wouldthink it w 'a Meadow. Itis certain, that out of the Afhes of all Plants, they extra Salt whichthey ufein Medicines. we 646. | Itisreportedby one of the eAncients, that there is an Herb, growi the Water, called Lincosé, whichis full of Prickles: This Herb putt ch another {mall Herbout of the Leaf, which isimputed to fome moifturc |is gathered betweenthe Prickles, which putrified by the Sun, germi Buc remember alfo, I have feen, fora great rarity, one Rofe groy another, like Honey Suckles, that they call Top and Top-gallant: | 647. |. Barley (asappeareth in the Malsng) being fteeped ir | anid afterwards the Water drained from it, andthe Barley f | "| Floar, will forout half an inch long, at leaft: And if it be
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{| notturned, much more, until the heart be out. Whcat will dothefame ; | try it alfo with Peafe and Beans, This Experiment.is not like that of the } Orpinand Semper-vive ;. for there itis of the old ftore, forno Wateris added, } but here it is nourifhed fromthe Water. The Experiment would be further | driven; for it appeareth already, by that which hath beenfaid, that Earc: | is not neceflary to the firft fprouting of Plants, and we fee, that Rofe-Buds ‘| fetin Water, will blov: Therefore try whether the Sprouts of fuch Grains | may not be raifed to a further degree,’ asto an Herbor Flower, with Water | onely, orfome {mall commixture of Earth: Forif they will, it thonldfeem | by the Experiments before, both of’ the Malt, and of the Rofes, that they | wilkcome far fafter on in Water thenin Earth; forthe nourifhment is eafi- ‘| lier drawn out of Waterthen out of Earth. It may give fome light alfo. that 4 Drink infufed with Flefh, as that with the Capon; &c. will nourifh fafter } and eafilier, then Meatand Drinktogether. Try the fame Experimenc with } Roots, ‘as wellas with Grains. As for example, take a Turnip andftcep it a while, and then dry it,and fee whethericwillfprout, 9 ia | \ ¢Mahin the Drenching willfwell; and that infuch a mannef, as after the putting forth in {prouts,and thedrying upon the Kiln, there will bé gain- | cd, at Jeaft, a Bufhel in eight, and yer the {prouts are rubbed off, and there | Willbe a Bufhel of Duft befidesthe Malt; which Ifuppofe to be, not onely | by the loofe and open laying of the Parts, but by fome:addition of fubftaace
- ‘
| drawn from the Water, in whichit was fteeped. oon: Malt gathereth a fweetnefs tothe tafte, which appeareth yet more in. | the Wort. The Dulcoration of things is worthy to betryed tothe full; for 4 that Dulcorationimporteth a degree to nourifhment. And the making of {things inalimental to become alimental , may be an Experiments of great j prot for makingnew victual. ~ a Ci ! Br daa " Moft Seeds in the growing, leave their Husk of Rind about the Root; qbut the Onion will carry it up, thatit will be like a cap upon the top of | {the yourig Onion. The caufe maybe, for that the Skin or Husk is not eafie to breaks a5 we {ce by the pilling of Onions, whata holding fubftance the Plants that have curled Leaves, do all abound with moifture ; which “ycomcth fo faft on, as they cannot {pred themfelyes plain, but muftneeds 4 gather togetlier. The weakelt kindc of curling isroughnefs, asin Clary and | {Bor. Thefeccnd is, curling onthe fides ; ‘asin Lettuce and young Cabbage. And the thirdis, folding into an Head, asin Cabbage full grown; and Cab- | { bage Lettuce. | nga aie Say poninu Moly seek _ Jt is reported, that Firrand Pine, efpecially if they be old and putrefied, | though they thinenot asfome rotteh Woodsdo, yet inthe fudden breaking j they will fparkle like hard Sugar. is ish a8 Hole 2 | The Roots of Treesdo (fome of then) put downwafds deep into the Grotind; as the Osh, Pine, Firr, &c. Sone {fpred'more towards the Surface dof the Earth; asthe Ash, ‘Cypref-tree, Olive, @é. The caufe of ‘this latter jmay be, for that fuch Trees as loye the Sun, do not willingly. defcend i far into the Earth; and therefore ‘they ate (commonly) Trees that fhoot up much; for intheit Body their defire of approach to the Sun maketh them {pred the lels. And the fame reafors, under Ground, to avoid recefs from the Suh, maketh them fpred'the mare, Andwe fee it cometh to }pafs in fome Trees which have beer planted to deep inthe Ground, that fot love of approach to the Sun, they forfake their firft Root) and put | Out another more tow4rds the cop of es And we fee alfo; that adeeb Rein veihlacts PON the } .
PreTos 7
6540
655.
656.
| you cannor pull it up without breaking; which gave occafion to the name |
| Trees, as if the Branch were fet with the Bark on, they wouldnor grow, yer}
| beft, but the Bark contiaueth it onely.
| clutter by clutter inthe Roof of awarm Room, efpecially, if when youga- | | ther the clutter, youtake off with the clufterfomeof theftock. © = |
| Body.
|as Figs. In Mulberries, the Sap feemeth to be (almoft) towards the Bark}
| morehardly 5 as iris faid, of zrifh Tiees. _ Befides, there be a. number ¢
a ae
Natural Hiftory ; mete the Olive-is full of Oily Juyce, and Afh maketh the belt Fic, and Cyprefs is an hot. Tree. As forthe Qak, which is of the former fort, it loveth the Earth, and therefore groweth flowly, And for the Pinc, and Firr likewife, they have fo much heat in themfejves, as they need lets ¢ ve heat of the Sun. There be Herbs alfo, that have the fame difference; as | the Herbthey call ¢%7orfus Diaboli, which putteth the Roor down fo low. as
and fable, for thatit was faid it was fo wholefome a Root, That the Devil} when is was gathered, bit it for envy. And fome of the eAncients do teport, | that there was a goodly Firr (which they defired to remove whole) | that had a Root under ground eight eubits deep , and fothe Root.cameup | broken. at “4 we
‘Tt hath bebe obferved, that aBranch of a Tree being unbarked fome | {pace atthe bottom, and fo fet into the Ground , hath grown even of fuch
contrariwife we fee, thata Tree pared round inthe Body above Ground will | die. » The caufemay be, for that the unbarkt part draweth the nourishment A
Grapes willcontinue trefh and moift all Winter long, if you hang them i;
The Reed or Cane is a Watry Plant,and groweth not but in the Water. |
It hath thefe properties, That itis hollow, that it is knuckled, both Scalk | and Root, thatbeing dry itis more hacd and fragile then other Wood, that | it putteth forth no Boughs, though many Stalksout of oneRoot. Itdiffer- | eth much in greatnefs, the fmalleft being fit for thatching of Honfes, and} {topping the chinks of Shipsbetterthen Glew ar Pitch... The fecond bignefs | is uted for Angle-todsand Staves, andin China for beating of offenders upon} the Thigss. The differing kindes of them are, the common Reed, ihe} Cafie Fiala, and the Sagar-Reed.. Of all Plants it boweth the eafieft, and] rifech again. It feemeth, that amongft Plants which arenourifhed with | mixture of Earth and Water, it draweth moftnourifhment from Water 3} which maketh it the fmootheft of all others in Barks and the holloweft in}
onely 3 for if you cut the Feea little intothe Bark with a Stone, it willcome |
‘The Zmber and Woed are in tome Trees more clean,in fome more knottys))
ae - Ser ah cea a if re ate re , rr wr r = T “ oe el RO ace, ee eee
differ
Centary VIT: 135 | SOS ©), SEINE ONES SES AT es | differences that concern their ule: As Oak, Cedar, and Cheffqut, are | the beft builders. Some are beft for Plough-timber, as Afh; fome for Peers, |thar are fometimes wer and fometimes dry, as Elm ; fome for Planchers, as ‘Deal; fomefor Tables, Cupboards and Desks, as Walauts; fome for Ship- ‘timber, as Oaks thatgrow in moift Grounds, for that maketh the Timber | |rough, and not apt torift with Ordnance, wherein Englifh and trifh Timber | arethoughtto excel) fome for Maftsof Ships, as Firr and Pine, becaufe of ‘| theirlength, ftraightnefs, and lightnefss fome for Pale, as Oak s fome for,
Fudl, asAfh: And fo of the rett. fom ahi} | +i | + Thecoming of Trees and Plants in certain Regions, and notin others,| 6549. | is fometimes cafual 3 for many have been tranflated, and have profpered, well ; as Damask, Rofés, that have not been known in England above an! hundred years, and row are fo common. But the liking of Plants in, | certain Soyls more then in others, is meerly Natural ; as the Firr and Pine love the Mountains; the Poplar, Willow, Sallow, and Alder, love’ | Rivers and moift places; the Afh loveth Coppices, but is beftin Standards alone; Juniper loveth Chalk, and fo do moft Fruitetrees 5 ‘Sampire groweth but upon Rocks ; Reeds and Ofiers grow where they are walhed | with Winter s che Vine-loveth fides of Hills curhing upon the South-Eaft | | Sun, &c. 6) J G4i9 The putting forth of/certain Herbs; difcovereth of what nature the | Ground where they putforth is; as wilde Thyme fheweth good Feeding Ground for Cattels Bettony and Strawberries (hew Grounds fit for Wood ; Camomile fheweth mellow Grounds fit for Wheat; Muftard-feed growing | after the Plough, fheweth agood ftrong Ground alfo for Wheat; Burnet | fheweth good Meadow, andthellike, CO SAEBTH 217 | There are foundin divers Countreys, fome other Plants that grow oiit | | of Treesand Plants; 'befides Miffeltoe: As in Syria there is an Herb called | Caffyiw, that groweth out of tall Trees, and windeth it {elf about the fame | | Tree whereit groweth, and fometimes about Thorns, There is akinde | of Polypode that growerh out of Trees, though it windeth nor: So like. | | wife an Herb called Faunos upon the Wilde Olive ; and an Herb called Hip: | | popbefton upon the Fullers Thorn, which, they fay, is good for the Falling - | ficknefs. joni abet AEE) Oa
It hath been obferved by fome of the e4ucients, that howfoever cold | and Hafterly winds arethought to be great enemies to Fruit, yet névetthe. lef South-winds are alfo found to do hurt, efpecially in the Blofloming |time, and the more, if fhowers follow. It feemeth they call forth the moifture too fat; The Weft winds are thebeft. It hath been obfetved allo; | that green and open Winters do hurt Trees, infomuch, as if two of three }fuch Winters come together, Almoad-Trees, and fome other Treés will die. The caufe is the fame withtheformer, becaufe the Luft of the Earth over- | fpendeth it felf ; howfoever fome other of the Ancienshave commended | warm Winters. bade _» Snows lying long canfe a fruitful year. For firft,they keep in theftrength | of the Earth: Secondly, they water the Earth better then Rain; for in| Snow the Earth doth (as it were) fuck the Water asout ofthe Teat: Third- ily, the moifture of Snow is the fineft moifture, for itis the Froth of the Cloudy Waters. J 1008: 5 EB) L 1Ost © Showers, if they come a little before the ripeningof Fruits, do good to (all fucculent and moift Fruits ; as Vines, Olives, Pomezranates; yet itis rather for plenty then for goodnefs, for the beft. Wines arein the dryeft vee Aros, ; ma
N 2
—-
A Ne
136 ) Nawal His
Small fhowers are likewife good for Corn, fo as parching heats co not‘upon them.,) Generally, Night-fhowers are betrer then Day thawed for that the Sun followeth not fo fait upon chem: And we fee, even in watering by the Hand, ir is belt in Summicr. time to water iM the | Evening. imir¥
665. The differences of Earths, and the tryals of thonial are worthy. tobe| diligently enquired. The Earth that with fhowers doth eafily foften, is com. mended; and yet fome Earth of that kinde willbe very dry and hard before | | the fhowers. The Earth chat cafteth up from the Plougha great¢lod, is not} fo good as that which cafteth upa{mallerclod. ‘The Earth that putterh forth | Mofs eafily,, and may be called Mouldy, isnot good. The Earth that fmek | | leth well upon the Digging, or Ploughing, is commended. as containing { i the Juyce of Vegetables almoft already prepared. It is thought by fome, that z. the ends of low Rain-bows fall. more pon one kinde of Earth then upon | another: Asit may wellbe, for that Earth ismof rofcide, and therefore it B is commended fora fign of a good Earth. The poornefs of the Herbs {it is}
plain). fheweth rhe poorsefs of the Earth, and efpeciilly, if they bein colour} ae dark: Butif che Herbs fhew withered or blaited at the top, it fheweth | the Earth to be very cold; and fo doth the Moflire(sof Trees. The Earth | whereof the Grafs is foon parched with the Sun and toafted, is commonly forced.Earth, and barren inhisown nature. The tender, cheffom, and mellow Earth is the beft ;: being meer Mould, between the two extreams of Clay | and Sand, claceialls, if itbe not Loamy-and Binding. The Earth that after | Rain, will (carce be Rloughed iis: eran fruitiuls for it is cleaving, and | fullof Juycesy* , > 1497)
666. It is ftrange, cnichh is obferved by five of the ye that Dutt | helpeth the fruitfulnefs of Trees, andof Vines by name; infomuchs as they | caft Duft upon them of purpofe. Ic fhowld feem thatithat pcwdring, when | 4 fhower cometh,, maketh akinde of foyling to the Tree, being Barth ‘and | Water finely laid on. And they notes that Countreys where the Fields and |
_| Ways are dufty, bear the beft Vines, |
667. | °~< Itis commended by the Ancients for an,excellenthelp to Trees, to al ; the Stalks and Leaves of Lupines about the Roots, or to Plough them jnto } che Ground, where you will {ow Corn. The burning alfo of the cuttings of} Vines, and cafting them upon Land, doth much goed. And it was gencral- | ly received of old, that dunging of Grounds whenthe Weft-wind bloweth, | and in the decreafe of the Moon, doth greatly helps. the Earth (asit Me being then more thirfty, and open to receive the Dung.
663. ‘The Graffing of Vines upon Vines (as Itake it) is notnowinule, The | Ancients had it, and chat three ways ; the firtt was Infition, which is bell ordinary manner of-Graffing : The.fecond was Terebratios , through the middle.of the Stock, ‘and putting.in the Cions there.; And the third was | Paring. of two Vines that grow together tothe Marrow, and bind thes clofe.
660. | ssansbhe Difcales, and ill Accidents of Corn,,.are worthy tobe enquired, aul
‘ would be, more -worthy to beenquired , if it were in Mens power toh | thenys whereas many .of them)are not to be remedied. The Mildew is«
| ofit the, greateft,;, which ( out ‘of. quettion..)cometh by,clofenefs _ of
and therefore in Hills, or large Champatn Grounds ,. it feldom cor fuch..as.is with us York’s .Woald. . This cannoi-be remedied, other
chen, that;in Countreys of fmall enclofure the. Grounds ibe turned larger Fields :. Which 1 have known to do. 028 | in, fome in
& i ‘ah 1
| HI q ]
weenie ve ee ee ae = e
Century V IT, | Another Difeaic is the purting torch of Wilde Oats, whereinto Cora often- ‘|times (efpecially Barley) doth degenerate, Ir hapneth chiefly from the | weaknefs of the Grain that is fown ; for if it be either too old or mouldy, {it will bring forth wilde Oats. Another difeafe is ‘the faticty of the | Ground; for if you fow one Ground ftill with the fame Corn (1 mean not } the fame Corn that grew upon the fame Ground, but the farne kinde of } Grain, as Wheat, Barley, &c.) it will profper but poorly ;~ therefore be. | fides therefting ot the Gtound, you muft varytheSeed. Another ill Accident 1 is fromthe Winds, which hurt attwe times; at the fowring by fhaking off | the Flowers, andarthe full ripening by fhaking outthe Corn. Another ill } Accident is Drought at the {pindling of thé Corn, which withusis rare, buc } in hotter Countreys common, infomuch | as 'the word Cslamita was firft 41 derived from Calamus, when the Corn could not get out of the ftalk. Another ill Accident is Over-wet at fowing time, which with us breedeth 4 much Dearth, isfomuch asthe Corn never cometh up $ and (many times) | they are foreed to re-fow Summer-Corn, where they fowed Wintet-Corn, } Another ill Accident is bitter Frofts, continued without Snow, efpecially in the beginning of the Winter, after the Seed is new fown. Another Di(cafe is Worms, which fometimes breed inthe Root, and'happen upcn hot Suns | and fhowers immediately after the owing; and another Worm breedeth in [the Bar it felf, efpecially when hot Suns break often out of Clonds.. An- J other Difeafe is Weeds; and they are fuch, as either'choak and over-fhadow
}ment. Another Difeafe is, over-ranknefs of the Corn,’ which they ufe to {remedy by MoWing it after itis come up, of putting Sheep into it. «An- {other ill Accidentis, laying of Corn with great Rains near or in Harveft. ‘| Another ill Accident is, if the Seed happen to have touched Oy!; or any _| thing thatis far ; for thofc {ubftances have an antipathy with nourifhment of | Water. 3 hi GUE ei a A ch ha al The remedies of the Difeafes of Corn have been obferved as followeth. | The Steeping of the Grain before Sowing, a little time in Wine, is thought a | prefetvative; the Mingling of Seed-Corn with Afhes, isthought to be good; | the Sowing at the wane of the Moon, is thought to make the Corn found. Jithath not been praGtifed, butitis thought to be of ufe to make fome Miffel- Jlane in Corn; asif you fow afew Beans with Wheat, your Wheat willbe the }better. It hath been obferved, that the fowing of Corn with Houfleek‘ doth }good, Though Grain that toucheth Oyl or Fat receiveth hurt; yet the | fteeping of itin the Dregs of Oy!, when itbeginnethtoputrefies (which they | call Amurca) is thought toaffure it againfg Worms. tis reported alfo, thar Jif Corn be moved, it will make the Grainlonger, but emprier, and having } more of the Husk. , -It hath been noted, that Seed of a year old is thebeft, and of two or {three years is worfe; and that which is more old is quitebatren, though }(no doubr) fome Seed and Grain laft better thenvorhers. The Corn | which in the Vanning licthloweft is the beft; andthe Corn which broken jor bitten, retaineth a little yellownels , is better then that which is very | white. i : | _It hath been obferved, that of all Roots of Herbs; ‘the Root of ‘Sorrel }gocth the furtheft into the Earth,infomuch asithath been known to gothree jcubits deep; and that it is the Root that continueth fit (tongeft) to be fet again, of any Root that groweth. It is acold and acide Herb, that (as it feem- eth) loveth the Earth; and is not much drawn by the Sun.
en a ne ee ee ee
‘}the Corn, and bear itdown, or ftarve the Corn, and deceive it of nourifh-.
On EE sition cto rmexivccoke <cRD e
670,
671.
67%.
676.
| the Toad, willbe .muchunder Sage, that Frogs will be in Cinquefoil, It ma b
all other. The Olive hath the -oyly part onely on the outfide, whereas all | other Fruits have itin the Nator Kerncl. The Fire hath (in effeét) no Stone, | "Nut, nor Kernel 5 except you will count the little Grains, Kernels. The } | Pomegranate and Pine-Apple haye onely, amongi{t Fritts, Grains, diftiné.in 4 {everal Cells. No Herbs have curled Leaves, but Cabbage and Cabbage- ia Lettuce. .None have double Leaves, one belonging tothe Stalk, another to }
thatthe Wood-bine-hath. This may bea large Fieldof Contemplation; for } -diverfified; in others, fuch as hapneth rarely, and admitreth little variety. t
| viffes ; Grows with Ravens, Daws, and Choughs, &c. But Elephants and Swine amongft Beafts, and theBird of Paradife, and the Peacock amongft}
| Natural Fiflory’, | It hath been oblerved, that fome Herbs like beft being watcre qWi ve Salt-water; as Radifh, Beet, Rue, Penny royal, This tryal would be ¢ ctended | to fome other Herbs; efpecially fuch as are ftrong, as Tarragon, Miflart-| OR a Pet t. 9°) 10 open ae
feed, Rocket, andehe like, .. | : | A \ dja _ Iris tteanges that itis generally reccived, how fome poy fonous Beatts afiect odorate and wholfome Herbs ; as, that the Snake loveth Fennel, that
it is racher the Shade, Or other Coverture, that ‘they taKe kine a, neta virtue of the Herb. . Mg via te
Ie were a matter of great profit, ( fave that Idoubt itis tooconjeEtural | to venture upon) if one could difeern what Corn, Herbs, or Fruits, are like | to be in Pienty or Scarcity, by fome Signs and Prognofticks in the begin | ning of the year : For as for thofe that are like to be in Pleny, they may bé rs bargained for upon the Ground; as the oldrelation was of Thales, who to fhew how eafie it was for a Philofopher tobe rich, when he forctaw a great | plenty of. Olives, made a Monopoly of them. And for Scarcity, Men may | make profit in keeping better the oldftore. Long continuance of Snow is F believed. to make a fruitiul year of Corn ; an early Winter, ora very late if Winter, a barren year, of Corn, ,an open and ferené Winter, an ill year of | Fruit.. Thefe we have partly touched before; but other Prognofticks of like 1,
‘ ia Ve '
nature are diligently to be enquired, 45 eens There (eem tobe in fome Plants fingularities, wherein they differ from |
2
the Fruutor Seed, but the Artichoak. No Flower hath that kinde of fpred |
it fheweth, thatinthe Frame of Nature there is, in the producing of fome Species, a compofition. of Matter, which hapneth oft, and may be fotich | For fo-ir is likewite in Beats ; Dogs have a refemblance with Wolves and | Foxes, Horfes with Affes, Kine with Bufles, Hares with Coneys, &e. And] (oin Birds; Kites and Keftrels have a refemblance with Hawks ; Common | Doves with Ring-Doves and Turiles ; Black-Birds with Thrufhes and Ma- |
Birds, and (ome few others, haye fcarce any other Species that have affinity |
| with them. Z 6 toy ‘ Aa 4 s10n i
~ ‘We leave the Defcription of Plams and their Virtues to. Herbals, and} other like Books of Natural Hifory, wherein Mens diligence hath b en | great, evento Curiofity. For ous Experiments are onely-fuch, as do ever} a{cend a degree tothe derivin ofCaufes,and extracting of Axioms,x we are not ignorant, but thatfome, both ofthe Ancien agd Modern VPrie have alfo labored ;. but their Gaufesand Axioms are fofull of Imagina and fo infected with the oldreceived Theories, as, they are meer Inqu
.
| _ ops of Experience, and concod it nor.
— (ey ~~ {839 |
: Be sieinls dtc CEU RN SE a IT ne
"Rams newly pulled off, aed applied tothe Wounds of Stripes, do keep fami them from {welling and exulccrating , ‘and likewife heal them, and clote touching jthem up; and chat the Whitesof kggs dothcfame. The caufe is, atem- ees of
| perate Conglutination ; for both Bodies are clammy and vifcous,’ and do | bridle the Deflux of Humors to the hurts, withour penning them in too | much. |
°
LE hath been obferved by fome of the eAxciems, that Skins, efpecially of 677 j | |
Be ; 3 2 i Experiment and cut it into pieces, and put the pieces into a Glafs covered with | solitary,
} Parchment, and fo let the Glafs fand fix or feven hoursinboyling Water. It | touching. Je | may be an experiment of profit, for making of Fat or Greafe for many ules: Ane i | Bur then it mutt be of fuch Flefh as is not edible s as Horfes, Dogs, Bears, Foxes,
| Badgers, Ge. | | Les
| a may turn (almof) all Flefh into a fatty fubftance; if youtake Flefh 678.
T is reported by one of the eAnciens, that new Wine put into Veffels | _ Ae Twa (topped, and the Veffels let down into the Sea, will accelerate very | solitary, much the making of them ripe and portables the fame would be tryed in | touching Wort. . . ; See
) ay ig : : Rr the time. pp Eats are more Hairy then Mens ‘and Sayage Men more then Civil; and|_ _ 989- B the Plumage of Bitdsexceedeth the Pilofity of Beafts, The caufeof the Sokenyiiet fmoothnefsin Men, is notany abundance of Heat aad Moifture, chough that | touching J indeed caufeth Pilofity ; but there is requifite to Pilofity, not fo much Heat |7 ae ae and Moifture, as Excrementitious Heat and Moifture; (for whatfoever affi-.| dle | milateth goeth not into the Hair) and Excrementitious Moiftureaboundeth | moft in Beafts, and Men thar are more favage. Much the fame Reafon is | | there of the Plumage of Birds; for Birds aflimilatelefs, and excern more | then Beafts, for their Excrements are ever aliquid, and their Flefh (generally) | more dry; befide, they have not Infttuments for Urine, and foall the Excre- | mentitious Moifture goeth intothe Feathers : And therefore it is no mar- | vel though Birds be commonly better Meat then Beafts, becaufe their flefh doth affimilate more finely, and fe-cerneth more fubtilly. . Again, the Head } of Manhath Hair uponthe firft Birth, which no other part of the Body hath. The caufe may be want of Perfpiration; for much of the matterof Hair, in | the other parts of the Body goeth forth by inferifible Rer(piration. And be- ‘\fides, theSkull being of amore folid fubftance, nourifheth and affimilateth } lefs, and excerneth more; and fo likewife doth the Chin. Wefeealfo that | Hair cometh not upon the Palms of the Hands, nor Soals of the Feet, which j are parts more perfpirable. And Children likewife are not Hairy, for that |. | their Skins are more perfpirable. |
| lcs are of {wifter motion then Beafts for the flight of many Birds is |. e oa
| BD wifter then the race of any Beafts. The caufeis, for that the Spirits in \Solieaty, Birds are in greater proportions in comparifon of the bulk of their Body, touching the} then in Beaits. For as forthe reafonthatfome give, that they are partly car Quichnes of
| ried, whereas Beafts go, that is nothing ; for by that reafon,fwimming fhould | Birds.
| be {wifrerthen running: And thatkinde of carriage alfo, is not without labor
| of the Wing.
The
term mtn Tg Pree
140,
63-2. Experiment: ’ Solitary,
touching the
Different clearnefs of the | Sea.
683. Experiment Solitary, rouching the Different Fleats of Fire and Boiling Water.
|
68 Ae Experiment Solitary, touching the Qualification of Fleat by Moifiuro.
685. Experiment Solitary; tuoching
686. Experiment Solitary, touching the FHiccough,
| the motion of the Spirit. tae
ea a: a p i OS js v » Ve + ' “ , ’
Natural Hiflory 5
He Sea is clearer when the North-wind bloweth, then when the South-|~ wind. The cauleis, for that Saltwater hath a little Oylinefsin the Suctace |
thereof, ‘as appeareth in veryhot days: And again, for thar the Sou rern- | | wind relaxeth the Water fomewhat; as no Water boyling, is fo clear as cold | Water. ay] my mete anne rid | gle burneth Wood, making it firft Luminous, then black and brittle, and} laftly, broken andincinerate; fcalding Water’ doth none of thefe. The} caufe is, for that by Fire the Spirit of the Body is firlt refined, and then emit-} ted; whercof the refining or attenuation Caufeth the light, and the emiffion; | Grftthe fragility, and afcer the diffolution into Afhes, neither doth anyother | Body enitér. But in Water, the Spirit of the Body is not refined fo much} } and befides, part of the Watcr entreth, which dothincreafe the Spirit, and 1 in adegree cxtinguifh ir; therefore we fee that hot Water willquench Fire. | And again, we fee that in Bodies whercin the Water doth not much enter, | but onely the heat paffeth, hot Water worketh the effeéts of Fire: As in \ Eggsboiled and roa(ted, (into which the Warer entreth not atall) there is} fcarce difference tobe difcerned ; but in Fruit and Flefh, whereinto the Wa. |
ter entrethin fome part, there is much more difference.
ie r
He bottom of a Veffel of boyling Water (as hath been obferved) is not | T very much heated, fo as men. may put their hand under the Veflel, and i removeit. The canfe is, for that the moifture of Water, as it quencheth | Coals where it entreth, fo it doth allay heat where it toucheth. And there. | fore note Well, that moifture, although it doth not pafs through Bodies with- | out Communication of fome fubftance (as heat and cold do) yet it worketh | manifeft cffefs; not by entrance of the Body, but by qualifying of the heat | and cold, as we fee in this inftance. And wefee likcwife, that the water of | things diftilledin water, (which they call the Bath) differeth not much from | the waicr of things diftilled by Fire. We fee alfo, that Pewter-Difhes with | Water in them will not melt eafily, but without it they will, Nay, we fee} more, that Butter or Oy}, which in them(clves are inflamable, yet by the vir- | tue of their moifture will do the like. | Be.
ae Pa |
a hath been noted by the Ancients, that it is dangerous to pick ones Ear} whileft he Yawneth. Thecaufeis, for that in Yawning, the inner Parch-| ment of the Ear isextended by the drawing in of the Spirit and Breaths for| in Yawning and Sighing both, the Spirit is firft ftrongly drawn in, and then } ftrongly expelled. : BIG oe hy Se
eo 9 {
T hath been obferved bythe Ancients, that Sneezing doth ceafe the H cough, Thecaufeis, for that the Motion of the Hiccough is a liftingup theStomach; which Sneezing doth fomewhat deprefs, and divert the moti. | on another way. For firft, we fee that the Hiccough cometh of fulnefs of
Meat, (efpecially in Children) which caufeth an extenfion of the Sromac nh: We lee allo, it is caufed by acide Meats or Drinks, whichis by the pricking of the Stomach. Andthis motionis ceafed, either by Diverfion,orby Deten tion of theSpirits: * Diverfion, asinSneezing; Detention, as we feehol of the Breath doth help fomewhat toceafe the Hiccough, and putting
intoan carne’ ftudy doththe like, asis commonly ufed; And Vinegar pt | the Noftrils cr Gargarized doth it alfos for tharitis Aftringent, and in
—— “~~ 'e ‘ . Le ‘ sre atin ant 3 pyro rae
(441
a 2 ate dr ame
(Century V L. OR
er,
}y Ooking againftthe Sun doth induce Sneezing: The caufe js, not thé A 687. L heating of the Noftrils; for then the holding up of the Nottrils againit fein | the Sun, thoughone wink, would doit, but the drawing down of the moi- | rouching | fureof the Brain: For it will make the Eycs ran with water, and the draw? | Sneezing. | ingof moifture to the Eyes, doth draw itto the Noftrils by Motion of Con: fent, and fo followeth Sncezing. As contrariwife, the Tickling «f the Noftrils within doth draw themoifture tothe Noftrils; and tothe Eyes by confent, for theyalfo will water. Butyet it hath been obferved, that if one be about to faceze, the rubbing of the Eyes till they run with water, will | preventit. Whereof thecaufe is, for that the humor which wasdefcending ] tothe Noftrils, is diverted tothe tyes. | coh ik : ‘He Tecth are moreby cold drink, or the like, affe@ed, thentheother| © 88 "4 parts. The caufeis double ; theone, for that the refiftance-of Bone to Shale cold, is greater then of Flefh; for that the Flefh fhrinketh, but the'Bone re- | rauciing fifteth, w hereby the Cold becometh more eager. The other is, forthat the, Bae ie ah Tecth are parts without Blood, whereas Blood helpeth to quali%e the-cold: re | Andtherefote we fee, that the Sinews are much afte&ted with Cold; for that | they are parts without Blood. Sothe Bones in fharp Colds wax brittle; and therefore it hath been feen, that all contufions of Bones in hard weather, are
| more difficult tocure. - rd las
| ‘3 hath been noted, that the Tongue rectiveth ‘more eafily tokens of 689: ‘| £ Difeafes then the other parts; as of heats within, which appear moft | expesiment lin the blacknefs of the Tongue. Again, Pied Cattel are fpotted in cheir | Soliterys
7 : MN PY Sat . 4. | touching the Tongues, &c. The caufeis (no doubt) the tendernefs of the part, which schigitee thereby receiveth more eafily all altcrations then any other parts of the | Fleth. | fod oily Silat eat nae
YY 7 Hen the Mouthis out of tifte, itmaketh things taftefometimes falt, | — g5g, | _ chiefly bitter, and fometimes loathfome, but never fweet.: The | experiment | caufe is, the corrupting of the moifture about the Tongue, which’ many | Solitary,
: : touching the
_ {times turneth bitter, and falt, and loathf{ome, burfweet never; for the rett ali
are degrecsof corruption. | : om was obfetved in the’Great Plague of the laft year, thar there were feenin | 641. A divers Ditches, and low Grounds about London, many Toads that had | experiment | Tails two of three inches long at the leaft, whereas Toads (ufually) have no sou: ; F Free ie err a Sey NY Py) | PORE HINES | Tails at all; which atgueth a great difpofition to putrcfattion in the Soil | some Progno:
|| ee ; Oe as ak dts rs ° 4 » 5 rf jal Sea- more {weet and lufcious in infe@ious yeats then in other years. ee
W*<* Phyfictans fhould with all diligetice inquite whiat Simples Nature | 692. 1 yieldeth, that have extream fubtile'parts without any Mordication | Experiment or Acrimony; for they undermine that which is lard,they openthat which “ann is topped and fhut, and they expel that which is offenfive gently; without | speciad Sti aré proper for the Stole; of this kinde is the Dwarf-pine; which is |°"” ‘}proper for the jaundies ; of this kinde is Harts-horn, which is proper flor Agues and InfeGtions; of this kindeis Piony, which is proper for Stop- pings in the Head; of thiskindeis P’amitory whichis proper for the Spleen ; a i Lo and:
| and Air. Itisreported likewife, chat Roots (fuch as Carrots and Parfaips) are | fi ks of Pefti-
{too much perturbation. Of this kinde are Elder-fowers, which therefore |b! for #edi-
| ! | |
t i
| oe ~. i . , : : ree
ee See hem a nee
“Nawal Hiflory
anda number of others. Generally, divers Creatures bred of Putrefaétion, though they be fomewhat loathfome to take, are of this kinde ; as esy worms, Timber-fows, Snails, @c. And I conceive, that the Trochifcs of Vipers, (w hich are fo muchmagnified) and the flefh of Snakes fome ways condited and corrected (which of late are grown into fome credit) are of the fame | | nature. So the partsof Beafts putrefied (as Ca/foreum and Atwk, which h ive | extream fubtil parts). are to be placed amongit them. We eealloy all putrefaction of Plants (as Agarick and Fews-Far ) ate of greateft vertue, | The caufe is, for that-putrefadion is the fubtileft.of all motions in the parts of Bodies, And {ince wecannot take down the liyes of Living Creatures (which fome of the Paracelfians fay, if they could be taken down, would |
make usImmortal;) the next is, for fubtilty of Operation to take Bodies |
i |
putrefied,fuchas may be fafelytaken. . 7
693. T hath been obferved by the Ancients, that much ufe ef enw doth dim the | j Experiments | fight, and yet Ewnuchs, which are unable to generate, are (neverthelels) e touching alfodim-fighted. The caufe of dimnefs of fight in the former, is the ex- | Miss pence of Spirits ; in the latter, the over-moifture of the Brain; for theover- | moifture of the Brain doth thicken the Spirits vifual, and obftru@eth their} paflages., as we fee by the decay in the fight in Age, where alfothe dimi-} hution of the Spirits concurreth as another caufe. Wefeealfo, thatblind-}] nefs cometh by Rheums andCatarads Now in Eunuchs there are all the | notes of moifture ; as the {welling of their Thighs, the loofnefs of their |
| Belly, the fmoothnefsof theirskin, &c. !
694. The pleafure in the A of Yenw, is the greateft of the plrahuees of the} Senfes; the matching of ic with Itchis improper, though that alfo beplea- | fing to the touch, but the caufes are profound. Firft, allthe Organsof the} Senfes qualifie the motions of the Spirits, and make fo many feveral {pecies! of motions, and pleafures or difpleafures thereupon, as there be diverfities | of Organs, The Inftruments of Sight, Hearing, Taffe, and Smel,are of feyeral) frame, and (0 arethe parts for Generation ; therefore Scaliger doth well foi} make the pleafure of Generation a fixth Senfe. And if there were any other | differing Organs, and ualified Perforations for the 5 aa to pals, there | would be more then the Five Senfes : Neither do we well know.whetherfome | Beafts and Birds have not Senfes that we Know not, andthe very Sent of | Dogsis almofta fenfe byitfelf. Secondly, the Pleafures of the Touch-are}, greater and deeper then thofe of the other Senfes, as we fee inWarming up- j on Cold, or Refrigeration upon Heat: For as the Pains of the Touchare greater}, then the offences of other Senfes, fo likewife are the Pleafures. Itis true, that the affe@ing of the Spirits immediately, and (as it were) without a | Organ, is of the greareft pleafure ; which is but in twothings, Sweee fmellsy) and Wine, andthe like Sweet vapors. For Smells, wefee their greatand fudden ; effe@in fetching Men again when they fwown; for Drink, itis certain, hat}
.. | the pleafure of Drunkennefs isnext the pleafure of Penm; and great \loyes | (likewife): make the Spirits move and touch themfelves; and the ple
| of Venus is fomewhat of the fame kinde. Lo ae rl . |. It hath been always obfetved, that Men are more inclined to Fe | the Winter, and Womenin the Summer. The caufe is,for thatthe Spit ' | a Body more hot and dry, (as the Spirits of Men are) by the Summ | more exhaled and diffipated, and.in the Winter more condenfed a | || entire; buc inBodies thatare cold and moift, (as Womens are) the St
nt gui tote nna bie oes nemeadirecrioche = Ammen Om te ei nl Aare wie let entinne eaters maeetysnipemrsiioae! — anlar armbeaaiaeimsnishataiiinn a pone nee ‘
Ser SS paheie
Centary VIN. i | 143
} doth cherifh the Spirits, and calleththem forth, the Winter doth'dullthem: |
| Furthermore, the Abftinence or Intermiffion ot the ule of Venus, in moilt and | |
well habitwate Bodies, breedeth a number of Difeafes’, and elpecially danger: | |
ousimpofthumations. The reafonis evident, forthar itis a principalevacuas |
tion, efpecially of theSpirits ; for of the Spirits, there is fcarce any evacua- | ition, but in Venus and exercife. And therefore the omiffion of either of them
| breederh all difeafes of Repletion. | :
| op He nature of Vivificationis very worthy the enquiry ; and as the Nature Experimenes Bh of things is commonly better perceived in {mall then inreat, and in EB chroethe “unperfeét then in perfe&, and in parts then in whole ; fo the Nature of Vie tafette. -vification is beft enquired in Creatures bred of Purtrefaction. The contem- | plation whereof hath many excellent Fruits. Firft, in difclofing the original ‘of Vivificaticn. Secondly, in difclofiag the originalof Figuration. Thirdly, | in di(clofing many things in the nature of perfe& Creatures, which in them lie more hidden. And fourthly, im traducing by way of operation, fome obfervations inthe Infeds, to work effe&s upon perfe& Creatures. Note, that the word Jnfefta agreeth not with the matter, but weever ufe it for brevitics
‘
| fake, intending by it Creatures bred of Putrefaction:
_- © Toe Infedaare found to breed out of feveral matters: Some breed of | ‘Mud or Dung as the Earth-worms, Eels, Snakes, Gc: For they are both | Purrefaétions: For Waterin Mud do ptirefie, as notabletopreferve it felfs tand for Dung, all Excrements are the rcfufe and putrefadtions of nourifh- -ment. Some breedin Wood, bothgrowing and cutdown. Qaere,in what | Woods moft, and at what feafons. We fee that the Worms with many feer,
| which round themfelves into Balls , are bred chiefly under Logs of Timber, | but not in the Timber, and they are faid to be found alfo (many time) in} | | Gardens where no Logs are. But it feemeth their Generation requiréerh a") verture both from Sun, and Rain or Dew, asthe Timber is;_ and therefore’! they are not venemous, but (contrariwife) are held by the Phyfitians to
‘clarifiethe Blood, Icis obfetved, that Cipsices-are foulnd inthe holes of Bed- | | fides. Some breed in the Hair of Living Creatures; as Lice and J ikes, which ‘| are bred by the fiyeat clofe kept, and fomewhat airified by the Hair. The) Excrements of Living Creatures do not onely breed Infets when.they are-| -excerned, butalfo witile they areinthe Body; asin Worms, whereto Chil-)| | dren are moft fubje&, andare chiefly in the Guts. ‘And it hath been lately | | obferved by Phyfitians, that in many Peffilent Difeafes there are’ Wornis || | found in the upper parts of the Body, where Excrementsafe hot, but‘onely || | humors putrefied. Fleas breed principally of Straw or Mats; where'there hath
| been alittle moifture, or the Chamber-and Bed-ftraw’ ‘kept’ clofe; ‘and nor. ) aired. Itis received;that they are killed by Rrewing Wormwood inthe Rooms. | And itis truly obferved, that bitter things are ape rather’to kill then ene | gendcr Parrefaction, and they be things that-are fat or {weet that are apreft’ }to putcefie. Taere isa Worm that breedeth in Meal ofilic fhape of a large } | white Maggot, whichis given as a great dainty to Nightingales.’ The Moth | breedeth upon Cloth, and other Lanificess e{pecially if they be laid up dankiflt | jand wet. Itdelighteth to be abour the fame of a Candle. There is a. Worm | allied a VVevil, bred under Ground, and that feedeth upon Roots, as Parfaips, | Garrots.&c. Some breed it Waters, efpecially fhaded; ‘bur'they mutbe by nding Waters; as tie Water- Spider thar hath tix Legs. ‘The Fly called:the Gad fie breedeth of fomewhat that fwimeth upon the topofithe Water, ‘and 4 . 1S
696.
| | ! |
697-
69%.
| obfervation,that in Furnaces of Copper and Brals, where Chaleites is (which |
| Bone, asin, perfect Creatures: .The integral) parts have éxtream variety, but | tolive feven years; and Snakes are thought, the rather for the cafting of their] | faGion,willliveand grow very long;and thofe that encerchange from Worms | | Zphemera that live bata day. . The.caule is, the exility of the Spirit, or perelf
| they might live longers: - Many. of the Infeite (as Butter-Aies and other Flies) | | | revive cafily, whenthey fcem dead, being brought to the Sun or Fire. «The
4 ol , i)
* = se a
a ee
is moftabout Ponds, ‘Thereisa Worm that brecoeth of the Dregs of Wing | decayed, whichafter wards (asis obferved by fome of the Ancients) tarnech in-| toa Gwar, It hath been obferved by the Auciems,. that there is a, Worm that| | breedethin old Snow, and is of colour reddifh,and dull of motion,and dieth | foon after itcometh our of Snow ;_ which fhould fhew that Snow. hatlrin ira,
fecret warmth, for elfe it could hardly vivifie. And thereafon of the dying} of the Worm may be the fudden exhaling of that little Spirir, as foon asic} ‘cometh out of the cold, which had fhut itin. For as Butter-flies quic ken. with heat, which. were benummed withcold ; fo Spirits may exhale, with hear) which were prefervedincold. Itis affirmed, both bythe sncene and Modéin :
is Vitriol).often caft in to mend the working,there rifcth fuddenty a Fly which | fometimes moveth, as if if took hold on the Walls of the Facnace; fome- | times isfeen moving if che fire below, and dieth prefently as feonasit isour. of the Furnace. Which isanobleinftaace, and worthy tebe weigheds forit theweth that as well violent heat of fire, as the gentle heat of Living Crea-} tures will vivific, if. ithave matter proportionable, Now the great axiom} of Vivification is, that there muftbe heat to dilate the Spirit of the Body, an } Active Spirit to be dilated, matter vifcous or tenacious to hold in the Spirity| and that matter tobe put forth and figured. Now a Spirit dilated by fo ardent a fire as-that of the Furnace,as foonas cver it coolcth never fo litrleycongeal- | eth prefencly. And (ng doubt) this ation is furthered by the Chalcites,which’ | hath a Spirit that will put forth and germinate, as we fee in Chymical Tryals. | Briefly, moft things putrefied bring forth Infeca of fevcral names; but we will not take upon us now-to enumeratethemall, = 7) sie 2 ict See The Jnfectehave been noted by the Ancients-to feed little: Bit this hat} notibeem diligently:obferved ; for Grafhoppers eat up the Green of whole } Countreys, and Silkeworms devour Leaves {wiftly and Ants make great pro- | vifion., 4s is true, that Creatures that flecp and reft much, eat little, as Dore | miceand Bats, &c. they are all without Blood; -, which may be, for thatthe f Juyce. oftheir Bodies isalmoft allone; not Blood, and Flefh, and Skin, and. the fimailar parts little, \Itis true, that they have ({ome of them) Diaphragm, | and an inteftine; and. they haveall Skins; which) in moft of the infects, ate } caftoften. They arenot generally) of longlife;. yet Bees have been known |
a i
{poil,| to live,téll they be oldy and Ecls, which many times breed of putre- |
toFlies:inithe Summer, ,and from Flies to Worms in the Winter, havebeen | | Keptiin.Boxes four-yearsat the leat ; yet there are certain Flies that are called |
hapstheabfenceof ¢he San; forthatif they were bsoughtin, or kept clofe, }
caule whereof is, thediffufion.of tue Vital Spirit, and the cafie dilating of it } | by alittle heat. They:{tira good while after their heads are off, orthat they bey” ciitiv pieces ; whighjis caufed alfo,-for that their Vital Spirits are more dif- fated throughout all their parts, and lefs confined to Organs then in perfed Creatures, - Tees io! ; ISH 59 3 TERR Ete ee on oy F3) tf CS Ait ‘* “B bas j : vdodT he Infetta havewwoluntary. Motion, an@therefore imagination. A whereas forme of the Ancients have{aid that their Motion isindeterminate their imaginatiomindefinite, itis negligently: obferved + for see pe is | | | orwards,
_
a. a i pe ) ads
ae Century VII.
\
| forwards to their Hulls: and Bees do (admirably) know the way from a | Floury Heath, two orthree miles off ro their Hives. It may be Gnats and | Flies have their Imagination more mutable and giddy, as {mall Birds likc- | wilehave. Iris faid by fome of the Ancients, that they have onely the Senfe | of Feeling, whichismanifeftly untrue; for if they goforth right to a place, | they muft needs have Sight: Befides, they delight more inone Flower or } Herb, then in another, and therefore have tafte. And Bees are called wich | found upon Brals, and therefore they have hearing, Which fhewethlike. wife, thatthough their Spirits be diffufed, yet there isa Seat of their Senfis in |theirHead. . I Osher obfervations concerning the Infecta, together with the Enumeration of them, = we refer to that place where we mean to handle the Title of Animals in general. | Man leapeth better with weights inhis hands, then without. The caufe 4 is, for tharthe weight (if ic be proportionable) ftrengthneth the Si- news, by contracting them; for otherwife, where no contraction is needful, | weight hindreth. As we fee in Horfe Races, Men are curious to forefee that | there benor the leaft weight upon the one Horfe more then upon the other. | In Leaping with W cights,the Armsare firft caft. backward:,and then forwards, } with fo much the greater force; for the hands go backward before they takethcirraife, Quere, if the contrary motion of the Spirits, immediately ‘| before the Motion we intend, doth not caufe the Spirits as it were to break 4 forth with more force; as Breath alfo crawn, and keptin, cometh forth more | forcibly : And in cafting of any thing, the Arms, to makea greater (wing, are } fir caftbackward. )
| F Mufical Tones and unequal Sounds, we have fpoken befere, but touch- } XJ the pleature and difpleature of the Senfes norfo fully. Harfh Sounds, as Jot aSawwhenitis fharpned, Grindingof one Stone againft another, {queak- Jing or{crieching noifes, make a fhivering or horror inthe Body, and fer the | Tecthonedge. Tne caufe is, for that the objects of the Ear do afte & the Spirits (immediately) moft with pleafure and offence. We fee there is no | colour that affeéteth the Eye much with difpleafure. There be fightsthat Jare L:ortible, becaufe they excite the memory of things that areodious or | fearful; bucthe famethings painted, do little affe&. As for Smells, Taftes, and | Jouches, they be things that do affe& by a Participation or [mpulfion of the | body of the Objet. Soit is Sound alone that dothimmediately and incorpo- | really affect molt. This is moft manifeftin Mufick, and Concords, and Difcords Jin CWufick: For all Sounds, whether they be {Harp or flat, if they befweer, j havearoundnefs and equality ; and if they be harfh, are unequal: For a Dif | cord it felf, is bue a harfhnefs of divers foundsmeeting. Iris true, that in- jequality, not ftaid upon, but paffing, is rather an increafe of fweetnefs ; as fin che Purling of a Wreathed String, and in theraucity of a Trumpet, and jin the Nightingale-Pipe of a Regal, andin a Difcord ftraight falling upon a | Coscord: Butit you ftay uponit, itisoffenfive, And therefore there be thefe three degrees of pleafing and difpleafirg in Sounds ; Sweer founds, Difcords; and Harfh founds, which we callby divers names, as Scrieching, or Grating, (uch as we now {pcak of. Asfor the fetting of the Teethon edge, we plainly fee ‘| whar aa intercourfe there is bet ween the Tecth,andthe Organ of the Hearing, [by thetaking of the end of aBow between the Teeth, and ftriking uponthe ‘{String. . ; O ‘NATURAL
145
699. Experiment Solitary, touching Leaping,
700. Experiment Solitary, touching the Pleafures and Difpleafures of the Senféss efpecially of ELearing.
| did aa a sri
oN a RNG RC
~~ ,
etc on Ste NEAL TOE AIA A 4 \
“¢ ; i ,
entury eee aS
y2gHere be Minerals and Fofiles in great variety, but of | 7°!- ie Veins of Earth Medicinal but few. The chiefare, Zerra ee Lemnia, Terra Sigilata ‘communis, and Bolus’ Arminus ; Haesee tree whereof Terra Lemnia is the chief. The Vertues of \V sins.) Me IpPsee them are for Curing of Wounds, Stanching of Blood , °°" **"" =O Stopping of Flaxes and Rhenms, and Arrefting the Spred-' Dike Scere ing of Poyfor, Infetion,and Putrefaction - And they haveof. a all other Simples the perfecteft and pureft quality of | | Drying, with little or no mixture of any other quality. Yetit is true, that. | the Bole Arminick is the moft cold of them, and that Zerra Lemnia is the moft | hot; for which caufe the Mland Lemnos where it is digged, was in the old | | Fabulous /iges confecrated to PMulcan. lotsn 210} 7 |
: A Bout the Bottom of the Sereights are gathered great quantities of Sponges, | 4.45 ) 4A which are gathered fromthe fidesof Racks, being as it were a large, | Experiment } but tough 4". It isthe more to be noted, becaufe that there be but few Solitary, ; | Subftances, Plant-like, that grow deep within theSea, for they are gathered erent of | fometime Fifteen fathom deep: And whenthey are laid on Shore, they feem | sponges. tobe of great Bulk; but crufhed together, will be tranfported in a very | ees rior 2 villa Mtoe Shaisk 3 vik
Rae that Fish that are ufed to the Salt-water, doneverthelefs de-
_§t 403 4 light more in freth. We {ce that Salmons and Smeltsloveto get into Rivers, | Experiment
y though it be againft the Stream. At the Haven of Conftantinople you thall Spacing | have great quantities of Aish that come fromthe Euxine Sea, that when they 'Sea-Fifp put | come into the Freth-water, doinebriate and turnup their Bellies, foas you #7" ™# | May take them with your hand. Idoubtthere hathnotbeen fuflicierit Ex- |
O 2 periment |
ters.
: ee
oe ee mg pee ne
ee
a eee
a eee nes iis
eh te re
a ne re a oe me es erp Big a nA a .
a retomeene
De a i me so a a P a » ey (Wran” 4 aaa) ae 44
es | Natural Hiflory 5 ss
148
t
{
| periment made of putting Sea fish into Frefh-water, Ponds, and Pools. Itis a thing of great ufe and pleafure; for fo you may have them new at fome
|
|
a
| : ’ sood diftanee from the Sea: And befides, it may be the Fifh wih catthe |
| _ | pleafanter, ard may fall to breed. And it is faid, that Coltheffer Oyttets, |
| which are put into Pits, where the Sea gocth and cometh, (but yet fo that |
| there is a Frefh-water coming alféto them when the Scayoideth) become}
| by that nic ans fatter, and more grown. Cee Se
, .
7 OAs WHe Turkish Bow giveth avery forcible Shoot, infomuch asit hath been] |
eee known, that the e/4rrow hath pierced a Steel Target, or apiece of Brafs] touching of two Inches thick : But that which is more ftrange, the Arrow, if it be |
ee? headed with/W ood, hath been known to pierce through a/piece of W ogg | Subpance. | cight Inches thick. And it is certain, that we hadin ufe at one time, for Sea-| fight, fhort Arrays, which they called Sprights, withott any othéerHeads, | fave Wood fharpned ; which were difcharged out of Muskets, and would}
pierce through the-fides of Ships, wherea Bullet would not pierce. But}
this dependeth upon one of the greateft fecretsinall Natute; which is, that}
Similitude of Subfancewill caufe AttraGion, where the Body is wholly freed |
from the Motionof Gravity: Forif thatweretaken away, Lead would draw]
: Lead, and Geld would draw Gold, and fron would draw ia without the help}
‘ ‘ f
of the Loai./one. Butthis fame Motion of Weightor Gravity (which-is |
a meer Motion of Matter, and hath no affinity with the Form or Kinde | doth kill the other Motion, exceptitfelf be killed by aviolent Motion; and| in thefe inftances of Arrows, for then the Motion of Attra@ion by Simili- tude of Subftance beginneth to fhewitfelf. But we fhall handle this point} of Wature fully imdue place, 2, 9c 1 Qk ee Cth amma 505: Bi fee have in Yarky; and. the Zaft, certain. Confection’, which they call} Experimient Servers, Which are like to Candid Conferves, and are made of Sugar and | pe rre Lemmohs, or Sugar and Citrons, or Sugar and Violets, and fome other Flowers; | pea! Gtiks and fome mixture of eA mber for the more delicate perfons : And thofe they | inTurkey. | diflolvein Water,and thereof:maketheir Drink,becaufe they are forbidden} WinebytheirLaw. ButI do muchmarvel,that no Englishman, or Dutchman, } ‘or German, doth fet up Brewing in Confiantineple, confideritig they have fuch | ‘ quantity of Barley. For as forthegeneral fort of Men, frugalitymay be the] caufe of Drinking Water ; forthatitis no4mall faving topay nothing: for} ones drink: Butthe better fort might well beat the coft. Andyet 1 wonder} the lefsatit, becaufe I fee France, /taly, or Spain, have not taken into ufe Beer or Ale ; which (perhaps) if they did, would better boththeir Healths and ;. their Complexions» Itis likely. it would bematter of great gain to any that | | fhould begin itin Tarkey. at | 100n 1. ThAR FRoae aye
9 4 ie . " ‘ 4 i 6 Ny i re br i
tithte ve ey gS. iiss 5 CHRS i
556. Bie Fh icine bel Ae cetunb tal eae eats ll ' ig eel be canes N Bathing in hotwater, fweat ~neverthelefs), cometh not in the parts
‘in Confort, | & der the Water: The caufeis, firft, for that fweat is a kinde of Colli rouching tion. And that kinde of Colliquation is not made cither by an over oe Heat, or anover-moift Heat. For over-moifture dothfomewhat exting
| the Heat} as we fee, that evenhat (vaterqiiencheth Fire; and over-dryF fhutteth the Porés. Andtherefore Men will. fooner fweat covered the Sun or Fire, then if they. ftood naked:,. And Earthen. Bottle _ | with hot water, do provokein Bed aSweat more daintily then Bri
J
Ro a hors &: Secondly; Hot-water doth caufe Evaporation fromthe Skins — | it fpendeth the matter in thofe parts under'the Water 5, before it iflue creriag. - oe een
sf
Anon! . “at | = ad ee A Hi _
—. Contaty VTL. eg |
SS
| Sweat. Again, Sweat comethmore plenti‘ully, ifvcae Heat beincreafed by | degrees » then if it be greateft at firft,oridqual. «The caufe is, for that the’ | Pores are betrer‘opened bya gentle Heat; then by a more violent; and by | their opening the Sweat, iflueth more abundantly.» And. therefore ‘Phyficians 4 may dowell, when they provoke SweatinBed by Bottles, witha Decottion | of Sudorifick Herbs in Hot Vater, tomake two degrees of Heatin the Bottles, | ‘| and to lay in the Bed the lefs-heated firft, and: after half an hourthe more- | heated. ; tae! ie veg bile ; i. > Swearis {alt in tafte. The caufe is, forthat that part of the Nourifhment | | which isfrefh and fect, turneth into Blood‘and Flefh ; andthe Sweat is »| onely that part which is feparate and excerned. Bloodallo raw, hath fome — | faltnefs more then Flefh; becaufe the Affimilation into Flefh,is not without | | alittle and fubtile excretion from the Blood... vl de wi Sweat cometh forth more out of the upper partsof the Body then the
| lower. The reafon is, becaufe thofe parts are more replenifhed with Spirits, “| andthe Spirits are they thatput forth Sweat; befides, they are lefs-flefhy; _| andSweariffueth (chiefly) outof the parts that are lefsflefhy and more dry, as the Forehead and Breft. — Ladd), geri i |) Men fweat more in fleep then waking, and yet {leep doth rather {tay } other Fluxions, then caufe them; as Rheams, Loofnef of the Bodyp crc: «The caufcis, for that in Sleep the Heat and Spiritsdo naturally move inwards, -| and there reft. But whenthey arecollected once within,the Heat becometh | more violent andirritate, and thereby expelleth Swear. itat of ‘| > Cold Sweats are (many times) Mortal and near Death, and always ill and | fufpected; asin great Fears, Hypochondriacal P afions, Gc: The caufeis, for )) that Cold Sweats couae by a relaxation or forfaking of the Spérits,, whereby the | Moifture of the Body, whichHeat did keep firmin the parts, fevereth and | iflueth out, — rede? | TO sD et 9907909 To peivies - In thofe Difeafes which cannot be difcharged by Sweat, Sweat is ill, and _| rather to beftayed; asin Difezfes of the Langs, and Fluxes of the Bélly;| but _| inthofe Difeafes which are expelled by Sweat, it eafeth'and lightneth;:as in 1 w4gues, Peftilences, &c. The caufe is, for that Swear inthe latter fortis partly | Critical, and fendeth forth the Mater that offendeth: But inthe former, | / it’either proceedeth from the Labor of the Spirits, which fheweth them | | oppreffed ; or from Motion of Confent, when Native notable to'expel the Difeafe where itisfeated, moveth to an Expulfion indifferent overall the | Body. pce ds , Won goin :
PyHe. Nature of the Gloworm is hitherto not well ‘pbferved. Thussmuch | »| ‘Bwefec,’thatthey breed chiefly in the hotteft Moneths of Summer; and thatthey breed not in Chainpaign, but in Bashes and Hedges.’ Whereby it may be conceived,’ that the Spirit of them is vety fine, and not to be’refined but | by Summer beats:. And again, tbat by reafonof the finenefs, itdoth eafily ex- | hale. In /taly, and the Hotter Countreys, there isa Flie they call Lucciole, that fhineth as the Glworm doth, and itmay beisthe F/ying-Gloyorm ; but ‘that Flic is chiefly upon Fens: and cMatishes’ Butyet the two former obferva- tions hold, for they are-not feen but'in the heat of Swimmers and Sedge, or other Green of the Fens give'as good fhadeas Buthes. It may be the G/oworms
eh 707, |
708,
(zn Te
T2. Experiment Solitary, touching the Glowworm.
OO
Ais. Experiments in Confort, touching the
|
ePHe Paffions of the wrinde work upon the Body the impreflions fol- “Bh lowing. Fear, cainfeth P alenef, Trembling, the Standing of the Hair up-
‘of the Cold Countreys ripen not fo faras to be winged.
moh 3
ty ue » 3 ' < i.
A
\
O ° riche, te Sn aga es can sai sneha RIED en ME (eee
Imprefsions laphich the Paf- \fions of the
| Minde make 'npomthe Body. ,
t-— a
1 150
715.
4716;
| are caufed by the Burning of the Spirits about the Heart; which to refi
Natural Fiftory ; right, Starting, and Scrieching. The Palencfsis caufed; forthat the Blood | runneth inward to fuccor the Heatt. The Trembling is cauled, for thar} through the flight of the Spirits inward,the outward parts are deftirured.and not fuftained, Standing upright of the Hair is caufed, for that by fhutting | of the Pores of theSkin, the Hair thatlyeth afloap muftneeds rife. Starting | is both an apprehenfion of the thing feared, (and in that kinde itis a motion | of fhrinking;) and likewife an Inquifition in the beginning what the matter | fhould be, (and in that kinde it is a motion of Ereétion ;) and therefore | when a Man would liften fuddenly to any thing, he ftarteths for thé ftart- | ing isan Ere@ion of the Spirits to attend. Serieching is an appetite of ex- | pelling that which fuddenly ftriketh the Spirits. For ic muft be noted, that } many Motions, though they be unprofitable to expel that which hurreth, | yet they are Offers of Nature, and caufe Motions by Confent ; asin Groan- | ing, or Crying upon Pain. a
Grief and Pain, caufe Sighing, Sobbing, Groanitig, Screaming,and Roar. 3 ing, Tears, D,ftorting of the Face, Grinding of the Teeth, Sweating. Sighing be is caufed by the drawing in of a-greater quantity of Breath rorefrefh the | Heart thatlaboreth; like a great draught when oneis thirfty. Sobbing is | the fame thing ftronger. Groaning, and Screaming, and Roaring, are caufed | by an appetite of Expulfion, as hath been faid 5 for when the Spirits cannot expelthe thing that hurteth in their firife to do it, by Motion of Confent | they expel the Voice. And this is when the Spirits yield, andgive over to} refift; forif one do conftantly refift Pain, he will not groan. Tears arecaufed | by a Contraétion of the Spiritsof the Brain; which €ontraétion by confe- | quence aftringeth the Moifture of the Brain, and thereby fendeth Tears into | the Eyes. And thisContraétion or Compreffion cauteth alfo Wringing of 4 the Hands; for Wringingis a Gefture of Expreffion of Moifture. The Dif | torting of the Face is cauted by a Contention, fir, to bear and refift,and then
=. . aye ~ 7 Cide Oe
toexpel ; which makeththe Parts knitfirft, and afterwardsopen. Grinding | of the Teeth is caufed (likewife) by a Gathering and Serring of the Spirits | together to refift ; “ which maketh the Teeth alfo to fet hard one again(t an- | other. Sweating is alfo a Compound Motion by the Labor of the Spirits, fir l torefift, and thento expel. ! oo | Joy caufeth a Chearfulnefsand, Vigor inthe Eyes,Singing, Leaping, Dane | cing, and fometimés Tears. All thefe are theeffects of the Dilatation and } coming forth of the Spirits into the outward parts, which maketh them | more lively and ftitrring. We know it hath been feen, that Exceffive fud> | den Joy hath caufed prefent Death, while the Spirits did {pred fo much as | they could not retire again. As for Tears, they arethe effe&ts of Compref- |_| fion of the Moifture of the Brain, upon Dilatation of the Spirits, For Com- |_| preffion of the Spirits worketh an Expreffion of the Moifture of the Brain by |_| confent, as hath been faid in Grief : But then in Joy it workethit diverfly, |_| viz. By Propulfionof the Moifture,when the Spirics dilate,and oceupy-more | room. : oo 2 > Anger caufeth Palenefs in fome,and the going and coming of the colour | in others s alfo Trembling in fome, Swelling, Foaming at the Mouth, Stamper |_| ing, Bending of the Fift. Palenefs,,and Going, and Coming of the Cok
fj t
themfelyes, call in more Spirits from the outward parts. Andif the Pa be alone, without fending forth the colour again, it is commonly j with fome fear + But in many thereis no Palenefs at all, but contrar Rednefs about the Checks and Gils; whichis by the fending fo
i a ’ ] . — tet | —
Conny VITE.
‘jing is caufed both by a Dilatation of the Spirits by over-heating, andby a | Liquefaétion or Boiling of the Humorsthereupon. Foaming at che Mouth is from the {ame caufe, being an Ebullitidn, Stamping and Bending of the Fitt are caufed by an Imagination of the A&tof Revenge. "
Light Difpleafure or Diflike caufeth fhaking of the Head, Frowning,and
| Knitting of the Brows. Thefe effects arife from the fame caufe that Trem-
~
| and is a Gefture of flight refufal: And we {ee alfo, thatadiflikecaufeth often
| of the Spirits, to refift in fome meafure. And we fee alfo, this Knitting of the Brows will follow upon earneft Studying;or Cogitation of any thing, though tit be withoutdiflike. _ : hi
_ Shame caufeth Blufhing; and cafting down oftheEyes. Bluthingis the Refort of Blood tothe Face, whichinthe Paffion of Shame, isthe part that laboreth moft. And although the Blufhing will be feen in the whole Brett, | if it be naked, yet that is but in paffage to the Face. . As for the cating down of the Eyes, it proceedeth of the Reverence a Man beareth to othet ‘Men, whereby, whenheisafhamed, he cannot endure to look firmly tipon others : And we fee, that Blufhing and the Cafting down of the Eyes both, are more when we comebefore many ; Ore Pompeii quid mollins ? Nunquam non toram pluribus erubuit; and likewife,.when we come before Great or Reverend
Perjons. | | q Pity caufeth fometimes Tears, and-a Flexion or Caft of the Eye afide. | Teatscome from the caufe, that they do inGrief: For Pity is but Grief in | anothers behalf. The Caft of the Eye, is a Gefture of Averfion or Lothnefs ‘to behold the object of Pity. | .
| W onder caufeth Attonifhment, or an Immovable-Pofture of the Body, Cafting up of the Eyes to Heaven, and Lifting up of the Hands. For Aftonith- ment, it is caufedby the Fixing of the Minde upon one obje& of Cogitation, | whereby it doth not fpatiace and tranfeur asitufeth: Forin Wonder the | Spirits fie not, asin Fear; but onely fettle, and are made lefsapt to move. | As forthe Gafting up of the Eyes, and Lifting up of the Hands, it isakinde of Appeal to the Deity, whichis theAuchor, by Power and Providence of ftrange W onders.
| pulfion of the Breath, with the loud Noife, waich maketh the Interjection | of Laughing ; Shaking of the Breft and Sides; Running of the Eyes with | Water, if it be violent and continued. Wherein firft it is tobe underftood, | that Laughing is (carce (properly) aPaffion, but hath his Source fromthe In= jtellect; for in Laughing, there ever precedcth a conceit of fomewhat ridicu- ‘ jing, is buta lighttouch of the Spirits, and not fo deep an Impreffion as in other Paffions. And therefore (that which hath no Affinity with the Paffi- ons of the Minde) itis moved, and that in great vehemency, onely by Tick- ingfome parts of theBody. And we fee, that Meneven ina gricved {tate of Minde, yet cannot fometimes forbear Laughing. Thirdly, it isever joyned withfomedegreeof Delight: And therefore Exhilaration hath (ome Affinity with Joy, though it be much LighterMotion. Res fever eff pera Gaudinm:
bs ms SM Nate a Foarthly;
Spirits, in an appetite fo Revenge. Trembliagin Anger is likewife by 2 call. | : | ing in of the Spirits, andis commonly when Anger is joyned with Fear. Swel- |
| bling and Horrordo; namely, from the Retiting of the Spirits, but in alefs | | degree. FortheShakingof the Head, is but aflow and definite Trembling ; |
| that Gefture of the Hand, which we ufe when we refufe athing, or warn it.
Ee ee ee
| |
}away. ‘The Frowning and Knitting of the Brows, is a Gathering or Serring |
q Laughing caufeth a Dilatation of the Mouth and Lips; acontinued Ex- |
lous. And therefore it is propertoMan. Secondly, thatthe caufe of Laugh.
717;
e431 54
721.
en aan - Se ae ae rn =
ee
228
Fae Experiments in Confort, touching Drunkennef.
sa
RR ey RR A AR NN AN
| Dilatation of the Spirits) And for Suddennef, it is a gceat patt of the AZgrter =
| that things come upon them; they fee not well things afar offs thofe things |)
| And ic isallone tothe fight , whether the Fifaal Spirits move, or theO
inevery¢Megram or Vertigo, thereis'an Obtencbration joyned \v
e - é TT ge | eee aa Bh
“\ ‘*
Natural Fiflory, Fourthly, Thatthe obje& of itis Deformity, Abfurdiy, Shrewd turnsjand the like
Now to {peak of the caufes of the effeéts before- mentioned, whereu ntothefe gencral-Notes give fome light. Forthe Dilatation of the CAZouth and Lips, continued Expulfion of the Breath and Voice, and Shaking of the Brefls and. Sides, they proceed (all) from the Dilatation of the Spirits, cfpecially beirg fuddens So likewife the Running of the Eyes with Water, (as hathbeenfor: | nmierly touched, where we fpake of the J ears of ‘Foy and Grief ) is an cfle& of
For we fee that any Shred turn that lighteth upon another, or any Deformiry, ee. moveth Laughter in the inftant, which after a little time itdoth nor. So we cannot Laugh at any thing afterir is {tale, but whileft it isnew.) And'even | in Tickling if you tickle the fides, and give warning, or give ahard orcon. | tinued touch, it doth not move Laughter fo much... Lott whl Luft caufeth a Flagrancy in the £ys, and Priapifm. The canfe ef both thefe is, for that in Luft the Sight and the Zouch, are the things defired; and. therefore the Spirits refort tothofe parts which are moft affe&ted. And nore} well in general, (for that great ufe may be made of the obfervation) that} (evermore) the Spirits in all Pa/ions refortmoft to the parts that labor moft, or | are moft affeGted. As in the laft, which hath been mentioned, they reforrto the Eyes and Venereous parts ; in Fear and Anger to the Heart; .inShame'to the | Faces and in Light diflikes tothe Head. . ba voome ; {1 ae
yi hath becn obferved by the Ancients, and is yet believed, That the Sperm } of Drunken. men is unfruitful. The caufe is, for that it isover-moiltned, and | wanteth Spiffitude.. And we haveamcerry faying,. That they that go drunk to Bed, |
get Daughters. + Sule’
‘
ye
Drusken-men are taken with a plain Defe& or Deltitution.in Voluntary | Motion. they reel, they tremble, they cannot ftand, nor {peak ftrongly. The} caufe is, forthat the Spirits of the Wine opprefs the Spirits Animal, and Oc | cupate partof the place where they are, andfo make them weaktomove:; |) and therefore Drunken-men are apt to fall afleep.. And Opiates and Stupefacives || (as Poppy, Henbane, Hemlock, &c.) induce akinde of Drunkennef by the grofsnets | of their Fzpor, as Wine doth bythe quantity of the Yapor. Befides, they.rob | | the Spirits Animal of their Matter whereby they arenourifhed ;. for the Spirits }) of the Wine, prey upon itas well as they, and fothey make the Spirits lefs fupple and apt to move, nM wha dag
Drunken-men imagine every thing turneth round; they imegine,alfo, |
that they fee near hand, they fee out of their place; and ({ometimes) they feethings double. The caufe of the imagination that things turn round is, } for that the Spirits themfelves turn, being comprefled by the Vapor. of the} Wine;¢for any LiquidBody upon Compreffionturneth,as we fee in W:
moveth, or the Médixm moveth; and we fee, that long turning roundbr eth thefame imagination. The caufe of the imagination thatthings upon them ic, for thatthe Spirits Hifualthemfelves draw back, which make the Obje& fecm to come on; :and: befides; when they fee things tun round dnd move, Fear maketh’ themrthink. they come upon:them, i Th canfe that they cannor fee things afar off, isthe weaknefs of the.Spirits;) fe
- A
blance of 'Turninground, whichwe feeal in:chelighter fort of
eo eee ee ee
| Centiny VIII. |
| yifual; forthe vapor is asanunequal Medium, and it isas the fight of things { ont of place in Water. The caufe of teeing things double, isthe Iwift and | unquier motion of the Spirits (being oppretied) to andfros for (as was faid } betore) the motion of the Spirits vifual, and themotion of the obje& make
| you fillip a Lae tring, it fheweth double or treble. } > Menare fooner Drunk with {mall draughts then With great; And again, | Wine fugared, inebriateth Icfs then Wine pure: The caufe of the formeris, 1 for that cne Winel@e(cendeth not fo faftto the Bottom of the Stomack; but | maketh longer ftay inthe upper part of the Stomack; and fendeth Vapors | fatter to the Head, and therefore inebriatethfooner. And for the fame reafon, }Sops in Wine (quantity for quantity) inebriate more then Wine of it felf. | Thecaufe of the latter is, forthat the Sugar doth infpiffite the Spirits of the | Wane, and maketh them not fo eafie to refolve into Vapor. Nay further; it Jis thought robe fome remedy againft inebriating, if Wine fugared be taken } after Wine pure. And thefame effectis wrought; either by Oylor Milktaken ; upon much Drinking: ! i ; io. BA . ' ; ‘ } , We i ee Cl i | He uf of Wine in dry and confumed Bodies ishurtfil) in moiftand full th Bodiesitisgood. Thecaufeis, for thatthe Spirits of the Winedo prey 4 upon the Dew ox radical moifture (asthey term it) of the Body, and fo deceive | the Animal Spirits: But where there ismoifture enough, or fuperfluous.there
| Wine hefpeth to digeft and deficcate the moifture:
Lp He Cuterpillzr is one of the moft genetal of Worms, and breedeth of ¥ T Dew and Leaves $ for we fee infinite number of Catterpivers which breed ‘J upon Trees and Hedges, by which the Leavesof the Trees or Hedgesare in } great part confumed; as well by their breeding out of the Leaf; as by their ‘| feeding uponthe Leaf. They brced inthe Spring chiefly, becatife'then there jis bot Dew: ahd Leaf. And they breed commonly. when the Eaft Winds jhavemuchblown: The caufe whereof iss the drynefs-of that Wind; forto Vall Vivification upon Putrefation; it is requifite che matter be not too moift : And therefore we fee they have Cobwebs about them; which is 4fign of a ‘}Glimy drynefs ; as we f€e upen the Ground, whereupon by Dew and Sin | Cobwebs breed allover. We feealfo the Green Cazterpiller breedeth inthe in- ward parts of Rofes, efpecially not blown where the Dew fticketh: But Jefpecially Cazterpillers , both the greateft and the moft; breed upon Crbbages, | which have afat Leaf, andaptto putrifie: The Catterpiller toward theend.of |Sammer waxcth volatile, and turneth toa Burterflie; or perhaps fome other | Blie. Theteisa Catterpiller that hatha Fur or Downuponhim, and feemeth to | have affinity with the Silk warm.. 03 . figi : |W 1He Flies Cantharides, are bred of a Worn ox Carterpiller ; but peculiar to | 4 cettain Fruit-trees j;\as are the Fig-tree, the Pine-tree, and the Wilde )Bryar; ali which bear (weet Fruit, and Fruit that hath a‘kinde of fecret biting 4or fharpnefs. For the Fig hath a Milk in it that is {weet and corrofive; the Pine-Apple hath aKernel that is trong and abfterfive ; the Fruit of the ‘| Bryar is faid to make Children, or thofe that eatthem,feabbed. And there. fore no marvel though Cantharides have fuch a Corrofive and Cauteri-
duller matter; The Body of the Cantharidesis bright coloured; andit may
| the fame appearances; and torthe fwift mdtion of the objeét, we fec tharif
re ern ay ne ner teem
bigeye a)
| Phecanle of {eeing things ourof their place, is the refraction of rhe Spirirs |
pvae,
727. Experiment Solitary, touching the Alelp or hurt of Wines | though Mode- bately ufed.
7238. Experiment. Solitary, touching Catterpillers.
729% Experiment Solitary, touching the Flies Caniha= rides,
‘}zing quality ; for there is not one other of the Infeda,but is bred of a}
“. “mu « hiiter, we eal —_ a1. © - rh. 7 A \ ‘ ce
2 | ? Natural Hifory 2
: a me Cor © by \
4 |]
be, that the delicate coloured Dragon Flies may have likewife fo rofive quality. | : mrer > «ia ee 73.0. “Afitude is cemedied by Bathing or Ancinting with Oyl and warm Wa- Experiments |e ter. The caufeis, for thatall Le/firude is akinde of Contufion and Com: eae preflion of the Parts ; and Bathing and Anointing give a Relaxion or Emol- Lafinde. | lition: And the mixture of Oyl and Water is better then cither of thenvas lone, becaufe Water entreth betterinto the Pores, and Oylafterentry foft- | neth better. It is found alfo, that the taking of Zobacco dothhelp and difcharge Lafitude.. The reafon whereof is partly, becaufe by oie orcomfort- | ing of the Spirits, it openeth the Parts compreffed or contufed: Andchiefly, | becaufe it refrefheth the Spirits by the Opiate Vertue thereof, and fo dif-} chargeth Wearinefs, as Sleep likewifedoth. > 2 nk In going up a Hill the Knees willbe moft weary; ingoing down a Hill, | | Thighs. The caufe is, for thatin the Lift of the Feet, when a man goeth up | the Hill, the weight of the Body beareth moft upon the Knees andin going | downthe Hill, upon the Thighs. | om eee
7316
7m He cafting of the Skin, is by the Ancients compared to thebreaking o 7 the Secundine or Call, but not rightly; for that were tomake every caft- | he | ing of the Skin a new Birth: And befides, the S’ecundine is but a general } Cover, notfhaped according to the Parts; butthe Skin is fhaped according | to the Parts. The Creatures that caft their Skin are, the Snake, the Viper, the Grashopper, the Lizard, the Silk-worm, @c. Thotethat caft their Shell are, | the Lobjter, the Crab, the Cra-fish, the Hodmandod or Dodman, the Tortoife, &e. The oldSkins are found, buttheold Shellsnever: So as itis likethey feale | off, and crumble away by degrees. And they are known bythe extream tendernefs and foftnefs of the new Shell; andfomewhatby the frefhnels of | the colourofit. The caufe of the cafting and Skin and Shellfhould feem | tobethe great quantity of matter in thofe Creatures, that is fitto make | Skin or Shell: And again, the loofnefs of the Skin or Shell, that fticketh | not clofe tothe Fleth.. For itis certain, that itis the new Skin or Shell | that putteth off the old. So wefcethatin Deer, it is theyoung Horn that | -putteth off theold. Andin Birds, the young Feathers put off theold; andj fo Birds..thathave much matter for their Beak, caft their Beaks, the new]
i 5 |
732. f Experiment Solitary,
Beak putting off the old. - _ottes9 a 733+ - Ying not Ere& butHollow, which is inthe making of the Béd, or with | isto Liz Legs gatheredup, whichis inthe pofture of the Body, is the more
touching the | wholefome, }hereafonis, the bettercomforting of theStomack, whichis one fhe" by. chatlefs penfile; and we fee,thatin weak Stomaeks, thelaying ha he vk Legs high, andthe Knees almoft tothe Mouth, helpeth and’comfor
| We fee alfo, that Gally-flaves, notwithftanding their mifery otherwife,
fore for Prolongation of Life, itis good to chufe thofe Exercifes where th | Limbs move morethen the Stomack and Belly as in Rowing and in Saw sen ing, being fet. ) tog goo) ried) rite eso ee CMegrims and Giddinef acerather when we Rife, after long fit
commonly fat and.flefhy ; and the reafon is, becaufe the Stomaekis fup- | ported fomewhatin fitting, and is penfile in ftanding or going: And there. | “735:
73 i io : ‘ 6 rm te ge i while we fit. The caufe is, for that the Vapors which wer »| fitting, by the fudden' Motion lie more upintothe Heads 1 Leaning upon any Part makethit Num; and, as we call it
; ‘ 2 ‘ 4 Toe: ' . tL Bs vice 4 , . eK bs
"Nia ; £ a P . re Te 7 ; oy 4 Ae Es ‘ Lex Y A ae i: i ad oa ae Bsn SO ceo ee!
-
Z a
¥ —— Céntary | The cane is, for that the Compreflion of the Parts faffetetl not the Spirits ! {to have freé accefS ; andtherefofe, when We Come Git Cf it, We feel a iting: ‘Jing or pricking, which is che te-entrante of the Spitits,
——~ a ~<
. mt ae new 2 ee nner Pooned Se EA ABIL ET ot A A TB ASIDE ce SILL en
iy wee
i ~~" :
‘ ' i
T hath been noted, That thofe Years are peftilential andutiwholfome, 53 6, when there are great numbers of Frogs, Flies, Locufts,&c. ‘Lhe caufe is gxperitnent } plain; for that thofe Créatures being ingetdred of Putrefaction, when they Soljeaiy abound, flew ageneral difpofition of the Year, and coniltitution of thé Air Pefiilensiat }to Difeafes of Putrefation. And the fartie Prognoftick (48 hath been faid Tears. | befote) holdeth, if you finde Worms in Oak-Apples, For the Conttitiition | ] of the Air appéareth more fubtilly in aly Of thefe things, rhen to the fenfé of |
| Man. i , |
OWT isan obfervation amonglt Coiitry people, that Yéars of tore of Haws | | Band eps, do commionly portend cold Winters; and they aicribe it to | Gods Providence, that (a8 the Scripture faith) reacheth even to the failirig of a } Sparrow; and much moreéis like to reach to the Prefervation of Birds in fach | Seafons. The Natutal caufe alfo may be the wantof Heat, and abundance of | Moifture inthe Sammer precedent, which putteth forth thofe Frtits, and | | mn@ needs leave great quantity of cold Vapors nor diffipate, which caufeth thecold of the Winiet tollowiip. ar
PpHey have in Turkey a Drink called Cofee; made of a Betty of the fame | E niaie, as black as Soot, andof a ftrong fent, bathet atomatical, which /they take, beaten into powder, in Warer as hot as chey can drinkit? Aind /they cakeit, and fir at itin their Coffee-FLonfes, which are like our Taverns. This Drink comforteth the Brain and Heart, aiid hélpeth Digéftion. Cet. tainly this Berty Coffee, the Root and Leaf Betel, the Leaf Tobacco, and tlic Teate of Poppy, (Opinm) of which, the Tarks.dte great takers ({uppofing it ‘xpelleth all fear; do allcondence the Spirits, and make them itrong and paleger, But it feemeth they are taken after feveral mafiners ; for Coffee and | Opinm are taken down, Tobacco but in Smoak, and Sefeél is but champed in {the MouwhwithalittleLime. Icis like, thereare more of them, if they were well found out, and well corte&ted. Queré, of Henbane-feod, of Mandrake, of Sefron, Rootand Flower, of Folidm Indum, of eAmbergréece, of the Af- : fyrian cAmonum, if it may béhad; and of the Scaler Powder which they } call Kermez ; and (generally) of all fuch things as do inébriate and provoke fleep. Note, that Zobaccois not taken in Root or Seéd, which atemore forci-«
ble evet thén Leaves. 5 ain a
7376 Experiment Solitary, _ touching the _ Prognofticks of Hard Winters:
73 Fi Experiment Solin touching Medicines that Condenteand Relieve ihe Spiriss,
| (He Turks have a black Powder made:of a Mineral called ¢Atcobole, which
) SL witha fine long Pencil they lay undet theit Bye-lids; which doth colour
| them black, whereby the White of the Rye is fer off moté white. With Solty:
| the fame Powder they colouralfo the Hairs of their Bye-lids, aad of their \Pabasingt of | Eye-brows, whichthey draw into cmibowed Arclés.. You hall fitide that she 204. | Xenophon maketh mention, that the Aedes ufed to paint their Byes. The
| Turksuife with the fame Tinure to colour the Hait of their Headsaiia Beards
| black: And divers withus thar are grown Gray, and yet would appear young;
| finde means to make their Hair black, by combing it (as they fay) with a
‘Leaden Gomb, or the like. Asfor the Chinefes, who-ateé of av ill Complexion; E
| (being Olivaffer) they paint their Cheeks Scarlet, efpectally their King and | Grantees, Generally, Barbarow People that go naked, do tot onély paint
uf , : icialidi gels thet j
Experiment ©
a = ee ati oe «
)
a ge ne re a
739.
ome Files
themfelves, bur theypouace: Work their. skin, that the Pa noting m
be taken fort sand make it into Works ; So do the Weft- In jans 5 and: : di the ancient Pids and Britons, So that it Ganon Men would ave thec colow! of Birds Feathers, if they could sealaabees at leaft eng will have gay Skins in
fread of gay Cloaths. ; bey 14 : seen tae eit |
740. i haa is ftrange that is ufe of Bathing as. a part of ‘Diet is lefe. With the ff Experiment mans and the Grecians it was as-ulual as Eating or Sleeping ; i and (0 isi it
| acho gthe amongtt the Turks at this day ; whereas. with usitremaineth our as & a part Of
|e of Bath-| Phyfick.. 1 am of opinion, that theufe of it as it was with the Romans, wi s
jing and lo | hurtful cohealth 5 for that itmadethe Body foftandeafieto wafte. _ Forth he
Saar Turks itis more proper, becaufe their drinking Water, and feeding u
Rice, and other Food of fmall nourifhment, maketh their Bodies ‘ofl id and aes as you need not feat that Bathing fhonld make. Hagan pee a
vga rei fe
Bapcrmeaott Medicinal, 5 ie <a |
He Zarks havea ae Art of Chamoletting of Paper, whichis not Ww wic h
usinu(e. They take divers Oyled Colours, and put them feverally (in drops) upon Waters and ftir the. Water lightly; and then wer their. Pap sf (being of fome thicknefs), with it, and the Paper will be waved f and Yell
like Chama Or EM agleeoe yoilp ase W oi: ashy Pave oa
7Al. Experiment Solitarys, touching. Chamoletiing of Papete
742»,
| Experiment
Tis asawoa Reanees that. rhe Blood oe all Birds, and ede; and Fifhes,|_ fhouldbe of aRed colour,, and-onely the Blood of theCuttle thould be | {as black asok. ‘As man would think chat the caufe, fhould be the high C Mi cogtion,of that Blood ;, for we-fee in ordinary Puddings, ‘thatthe Boylin; g tucnethrthe Blood to ay black ; and-the Gusts is ACCOR RE a delicate “Meas andi is much in requcky nt 3 | ,
touching | Cattle-Ink,
"if neni Q
Espen {2 isreported of credit, That iF you oe Earth from Land ssa oh og Solitary, | J Riverof Nile, andipreferve)i it in that manner, .thatit neither. come t
'{ wet nor watted, “and..weigh it daily., it will not, alter weight. until the . { ventcenth of Sune 9: which is the day when the. River beginneth to Yiley {and thenit.will grow more and more ponderous till the River, ‘cometh | to his height. Which if it be true, it cannot be caufed but’ by the Air, . which then beginneth to condenfe ; and fo turneth within that ie | -Mould intoa degree of Moifture,..:which: produceth weight, Soi i. | been ,obferved, that; Zobacco cut, and weighed, >. and then dryed y the Fire, lofeth weight ;, and after being laid in;the open Air. , Fecovetth weight again. -And-it fhould Icemy -thatas. foon.as ever the River be ne to. inereafe,, the whole Body. of the Air thereabouts fuffereth. ac {L(that which. is more,ftrange), it is seredibly affirmed, that upon. th _|day. svhen the River ft rifeth » ogreat Plagues in, Cairo, als, rsa ing ow dy bas Yha) nworg 938 ter en Taw eve ne Seog Hofe that are very. ‘cold, ade a UR aaa age The canfemay be,,for tharin. Sleep is requireda freere! pirat cold doth fhutinand! hinder; HORE def aiid eit om
Fai reread in Confort,
Fn crite ‘ —= a Se. Century V LLL. ( LS%
| draw his Breath. Anothercaufe may be, for that Cold calleth the Spirits to }{uccor; and therefore they cannot fo well clofe, and go together in the | Head, which is ever requifite toSleep And for thefame cauic, Pain and noife hinder fleep, and darknelfs (contrariwife) furthercth flecp.
|. Some noiles (whereof we fpakeinthe 112 Experiment)help Sleep; as|. 745. | } the blowing of the Wind, the trickling of Water, humming of Bees, foft | finging, reading, &c. The caule is, forthat they move inthe Spirits a gen- | ‘tle attention ; and whatfoever moveth attention, without too much labor, | | Rtilleth the natural and difcurfive motionsof the Spirits. Sleep nourifheth, or at leaft preferveth, Bodies longtime, without| -746. | }other nourifhment. Beafts that fleep in Winter, (as it is notcdof wilde | Bears) during their fleep wax very fat, though they eat nothing. Bats jhave been found in Ovens, and other hollow clofe places, matted one | upon another ; and therefore it is likely that they fleep in the VVinter | time,and eat nothing. Quere whether Bees donot fleep all VVinter, and | {pare their Honey. Butter-flies, and other Flies, do not onely fleep, but | lic asdeadall VVinter; and yet with a little heatof Sun or Fire revive again: 1A Dormoufe, both VVinter and Summer will fleep fome days together, ‘| and eat nothing. ) 3 {0 reftore Teeth in Age, were CUagnale Nature, it may be thought epernen of; but howfoever, thenature of the Tecth deferveth to be enquired ees jof, as wellas the other parts of Living Creatures Bodies. Teeth and hard Subfian. | : There be five parts in the Bodies of Living Creatures thatare of hard fub- ies ii- | ftances ; the Skull, che Teeth, the Bowes, the Horns; arid the Nails. The Greatelt | ving Creas
tures.
{ quantity of hard fubftance continued, istoivards the Head 5 for there is the a7
{ Skullof one entireBone, there arethe Teeth, there are Maxillary Bones, | there is the hard Bone that is the Inftrument of Hearing, and thence iflue [the Horns. So that the building of Living Creatures Bodies is like the build- ing of a’ Timber-houfe; where the VValls and other parts have Columns | and Beams; butthe Roof is inthe better fortof Houfes, all Tile, ot Lead, or Stone. As for Birds,they have three other hard fubftances proper to them, | the Bill, which is of the like matter with the Teeth,for no Birds have Teeth ; ithe Shell of the Egg, and their Quills; for as for their Spur, it is but a | Nail. Butno Living Creatures that have Shells very hard (as Oy/eers, Cockles, | Atuftles, Shalops, Crabs, Lobfters, Craw-fish, Shrimps, and efpecially the Zortoife) | have Bones within them, but onely little Griffies. Bones, after full growth, continue ata ftay, and fo doththe Skull. Horns, | infome Creatures, arecaft and renewed: Teeth ftand at aftay,except their | wearing. As for Nails, they grow continually, and Bills and Beaks will over- | grow, and fometimes be caft, asin Eagles and Parrots. .. Moft of the hard fubftances flie to the extreams of the Body; ag Skull; | Horns, Tecth, Nails, and Beaks; onely the Bonesare thore inward, andclad } with Flefh. Asfor the Entrails, they are all without Bones, fave that a Bone jis fometimes found in the Heart of a Stag, and it may be in fome* other steatures. ; .
The Skull hath Brains, as a kinde of Marrow within it. The Back-bone hath one kinde of Marrow, which hath an affinity wich the Brain ; and other Bones of the Body have another. The Faw-bones have no Adariow fe- fvered, buta little Pulp of Azsrrow diffufed. Teeth likewife are thought to jhave akinde of AGrrow diffufed, which caufeth the Senfe and Rain: But it
ati ; P is
Heese
754°
755°
756.
757
| may be procured to come larger then ufual, as to makean Oxtat)
ne a le Natural Hiftory ; is rather Sinew 3 for Marrow hath no Senfe, no more then Blood. Hori | alike throughout, and fo is the Nail. None other of the hard fubftances have Senfe, but the Teeth; and th e. Teeth have Senfe,not onely of Pain, but of Cold. oh But we willleave the Enquiries ot other Hard Subfhapres unto otheie feve-| ral places, and now enquire oncly of the Jeeth, =a Tne Teeth are'in Men of three kindes, Sharp, as the Foie-tecshs Broad, ae the Back-teeth, which wecall the CMolar-teeth , or Grinders; and Poiuted-teeth, or Canine, which are between both. But there have been fome Men thar! have had their Zeerh undivided, as of one whole Bone, with fombititclell mark in the place of the Divifion, as Pyrrhus had. Some Creatures have over-long or out-growing Teeth, which we call Fangs or Zuks; as Boars, | Pikes, Salmons, and Dogs, though lefs. Some Living Creatures have Teeth | againtt Teeth, as Men and Horfes; and{ome have Zeerh, efpecially their Mafter- | tah indented one within another like Saws, as Lions; and fo again pane | Dogs. Some Fishes have divers Rows of Zeeth in the Roofs of their Azouths; as Pikes, Salmous, I routs, @c. andmany more inSalt-waters. Snakes and eo Serpents have venemous Teeth, which are fometimes miftaken for their | Sting.
No Beaft that hath [Zorns hath upper-teeths and no Beaft that hath Teeth above, wanteth them below. Bur yetif they be of the fame kinde, it follow: | | eth not, tharif the hard matter goeth not into upper-teeth, it will go into Horns; nor yet € cenyerfo, for Does that have no Horns, have no DpPet j tecth. Horfes have, at three yearsold, a Tooth put. forth which they. call the | Cohts-tooth 3 and atfour years old, there cometh the Auark-to0th, which hath | a hole fo.big as you may lay a Peafe within it ; and that weareth fhorter and fhorter every year, till that at cight years old the Tooth is fmooth | and:the hole gone ; and then they fay, That she Mark i out of she Flan(o Mouth.
The Teeth of Men breed firft ; when the Childe is abouta year an¢ 1] half old, and then they caft them, and new come about feven yeats old. But divershave Backward-teeth come forth attwenty, yea, tome at thirty, forty» Quere' of the manner of the coming of themforth. They tell at of the old Countefs of Defmond, who lived till fhe was Seven{core ye old, that fhe did Dentire twice or thrice; calbing her old Teeth, and orh coming intheirplace,
Teeth are much hurt by Swect-meats, and by Painting with eae and by things over-hot, and by things over-cold, and by Rheums. And the | | pain of the Teeth, is one of the fharpeft of pains. i
Concerning Teeth, thefe things areto be confidered. 1. The preferving of them. 2. The keeping of them white. 3. The drawing of them wi
leaft pain. 4. The ftaying and eafing of the Tooth-ach. 5. The bindii of Artificial Teeth, where Teeth have been ftrucken ont. 6. And lz all, chat great one, of reftoring Teeth in Age. The inftances thargiv likelihood of reftoring Teeth in Age, are, The late coming of Tee fomes and the renewing of the Beaks in Birds, which are commateri Teeth. « Quare therefore more particularly how that cometh. And the renewing of Horns. But yet that hath not beenknown toh provoked by Art; therefore let tryalbe made, whether Horns may be cured to grow in Beafts that are not horned, and how; ‘and whether
Century Vv 177.
|havea greater Head of Horns; and whether the Head of aDecr, that by jage is more foisted, may be brought again to be more branched. For | thefe tryals and the like will fhew, Whether by art fuch hard matter can | ‘be called and provoked. Ir may betryed alfo, whether Birds may not have | |fomcthing done to them when they arc young, whereby they may be made | | to have grearcr or longer Bills, or grearcr and Jonger Talons: And wic- | |ther Children may not have fome Wath, or fomething to make their | | Teeth better and ftrenger. Coral is in ule as an help co the Teeth of | | Children. | : : "
| ‘Ome Living Creatures generate but ar certain feafons of the year ; a5 7580". |) Deer, Sheep, Wilde Coneys, Gc. and moft forts of Birdsand Fishes + Others adc } atany timcof the year, as (Mea; and all Domettick Creatures , as Hor{es, acne | Hogs, Dogs, Gats, oc. Thecaule of Generation atallfeafons, {eemeth robe Generation | Fulnefs; for Generation is from Redundance; This Fulnefs arifeth fromtwo Oe } caufes, Either from the Nature of the Creature, if itbe Hor; and Moift, and heicete ss | Sanguine, or from Plenty of Food. Forthe firft, Men, Horfes, Dogs, Gc. | the Womb, } which breed ar all feafons, are full of Heat and Moifture; Doves arethe full- jeft of Heat and Moilture amongt Birds, and therefore breed often, the | Tame Doye almoft continually. But Deer ate a Melancholick dry Creature; | as appeareth by their fearfulnefs, andthe hardne(s of their Plefh. sheep are a | cold Creature, as appeareth by their mildnefs, and for thar they feldom
| drink. Moft forts of Birds are“of a dry fubftance in companfon of Beafls ; | | Fishes arecold. For the fecond catife, FulnefS of Food, «Ven, Kine, Swine; | | Dogs, cc. feed full. And we fee, that thofe Creatures which, being Wilde, | } generate feldom, being tame, generate often; which is from warmth and |fulnels of food. Wefindethat the time of going to Rut of Deer is in Sep- | tember, for thatthey need the whole Summers Feed and Grafs to make them | fit for Generation ; and if Rain come early about the middle of Septeniber; | they gotoRut fomewhat thefooner; if Droughr, fomewhatthe later, So Sheep, in refped of their {mall heat; generate about the fame time,orfome- hat before. But forthe moft parr, Creatures thar generate at certain fea- | fons generate in the Spring; as Birdsand Fifhes : For that the end of the | Winter, and the heat and comfort of the Spring prepareth them. ‘There is Jalfo another reafon why fome Creatures generate at certain feafons, andthat is the Relation of their timeof Bearing to thetime of Generation: forno Creature goeth to generate whileft the Female is full, nor whileft theisbufic Jin fitting, or rearing her young; and therefore itis foundby cxperience, that \if youtake the Eggs or Young-ones out of the Nefts of Birds, they will fall
to generate again three or four times one after another: fee:
a ‘a
‘
Of Living Creatures; fome are longer time in the Womb, andfome| 759. )fhorter. Women gocommonly nine Moneths; the Cow andthe Ewe about Mix Moxeths, Does go abont nine Moneths, Mares eleven Moneths, Bitches nine Weeks ; Elephants are faid to go two yeats, for the received Tra- dition of ten yearsis fabulous. For Birds there is double enquiry; the di- ffance between the treading or coupling, and the laying of the Egg; and again, between the Egglaid, and the difclofing orhatching. And amongtt Birds there is lefs diverfity of time then amongft other Creatures, yet fome jthereiss forsthe Hen fitseth bur three weeks, the Turky-hen; Goofe {and Duck, amoneth. Quare of others.. The caufe of the great difference jof times among't Living Creaures iss either from the nattireof the Kind; 3 RP 2 ae
“4 ee |) ee ee
- 7 7) Ce oo
ok ae ~ Naural Hilary, a
* | i at *
or from the conftitution of the Womb, For the former, itiolt that are lon et incoming to theit maturity or growth,are longer in the Womb ; agis chiefly feeninMen; and fo Elephants, which are long inthe Womb, are long ti re in coming to their fullgrowth. Burin moft other Kinds, the conftitution 0 ft the Womb (that is, the hardnefs or drynefs thereof) is concurrent with the former cau(e, Forthe Colt hath abont four ycarsof gcowth,and forthe Fawn, | and fo the Calf; but Wnelps, which come to their ¢ rowch (commonly) with- in three quarters of a year, are but nine weeks in the Womb. As for Birds;-as_ there islets diverfity amongtt them in the time of. their bringing forth, fo | there is lefs diverfity in thetime of their growth, moft of them coming to | their growth withina twelveemoneth. y 960. Some Creatures bring forth many young ones at a Burthen; as Biches, | } Hares, Concys, &cs fome (ordinarily) butone; as Women; Lignée 8c. This may be caufed, either by the quantity of Sperm required to the pro- | : ducing one of thar Kind; which if lefs be required, may admit greater num- | bers if more, fewer: Or by the Partitions and Cells of the anc: whieh may fever the Sperm. | |
-
i 61. Hereisno doubt but Light by Refraétion will thew greater, as well as | | Experiments things coloured; forlike asa fhilling inthe bottom of the Water will | bees fhew greater, fo will a Candle ina Lanthorn in the bottom of the Water. I] | | Species vifible.| have heard of a practice, that Glowormsin Glaffes were put in the Waterto } | make the Fifh come. But I am not yet informed, whether when a Diver} diveth, having hiseyesepen, and {wimmeth upon his back, whether (E fay) ] he feeth things in the Air, ‘greater or Jefs. For it ismanifeft, that when the | eye ftandeth in the finer medium, and the objet is in the grofler, things thew | greater, but contrariwife, when the eye is placed inthe grofler medium; andy I une clasts finer, how it worketh I know not. | = | ll 762. It would be well boulted out, whether great Refratiiont may not ie | made upon Reflexions, as well as upon dire& beams. For example, we fee
that take an empty Bafon, putane Angel of Gold, or what you will into itg | | then go fofar from the Bafon till you cannot (ee the Angel, becaule it is
in aright Line; then fill the Bafon with Warer, and you fhall fceit on his place., becaufe of the Reflexion. ‘To proceed therefore, put a Looki | glafsinto a Bafonof Water; I fappofe you fhallnot fee the Image in ari | Line, orat equal Angles, but afide. I know not whether this Experiment may" not be extended fo, asyou might fee the Image, and not the Glafs; which 1 i beauty and {trangenefs wereafineproof, for then you fhall fee of Wate | fo a Spiritin the Air. As forexample, if there bea Ciftern or Poolof Wa
| you fhall placeover again{t ita pidture of the Devil, or what you will, fo: | sities norfee the Water, then pura Looking glafs in the Water: Nov you canfec the Devils pi@ure afide, notfeeing the Water, it will looklik Devil indeed. They have an old tale in Oxford; That Fryer Bacon walked b De tween two Steeples;, which was thengnt to be done wh ee when t walked uponthe Ground. ;
1763. ‘Weighty Body putinto Nidition’ , is more cafily sanpellel see fi “| exec £\ when it refteth. -The caufe is, partly becaufe Motion doth difcufs ti
‘torpourof folid Bodies, which befide theit Motion of Gravity, havein'
touching the | Impulfion and aNatural Appetite not to move at all; and partly, becaufe a Body
Buca oor _ | eth doth Ao a the refiitance of ois tee: zeit which sit refteths a ft
a =
ato pated. CON Re as by ‘es lah of Mima ee Ra, 8 eS Pee ee Arye AY Pee cats i. iy ER RMR shoe nN et)
. wile “ e ‘ . a |
Century V 1 LT.
| (IS ne eee lll a tl . : Ea -|comprcffion of parts thenit hath of it felf, and therefore needeth so
to bepurin motion. Forif a weighty Body be penfile, and hang but bya |thred, the percuffion will make an impulfion very near as cafily as ifit were -|already in motion. | ih A Body over-great or over-fmal), will not be thrown fo far asa Bodyof, 74: tamiddlefizes {o that (it fecmeth) there mutt be acommenfuration or pro- ) portion between the Body moved, and the force, tomake it move well. The. “bcaufe is, becaufe to the Impulfion there is requifite the force of the Bo dy ‘| that moveth, and the refiftance of the Body that is moved ; and if the ‘Body bé too great, ityieldethtoo little ; and if irbe too fmiall, it refilteth +} too little. Bah de : | It is common experience, that no weight will prefsorcut fo firong be- | 765, "| ing laid uponaBody, as falling or ftrucken from above. It may be the Air | hath fome part in furthering the percuflion: But the chief canfe I take to be, | for that the parts of the Body moved, have by impulfion, or by the motion } of gravity continued, acompreffioninthem as well downwaras,as they have | when they arethrown or fhot through the Air forwards. 1 conceive alfo, | thatthe quick loofe of that motion preventeth the rcfiftance of the Body be: | jows and priority of the force (always) is of great efficacy, as appeareth in | infinite inftances. ;
766. Experiment Solitary, touching Tisillation.
rp Tekling is mectt in the Soles of the Feet, and under the eArm-holes, and
T onthe Sides. The caufeis, thethinnefs of theSkin in thofe parts, joyned with the rarenefs of being touched theres for all Tickling is a light motion J of the Spirits, which the thinnefs of the Skin, and fuddennefs and rarenefs lof touch doferther: For we fee a Feather or a Rufh drawn along the Lip | or Cheek, doth tickle ; whereas athing more obtufe; or a touch more jhard,dothnot. And for fuddennefs, we fee no man canticklehimfelf: We 1 fee alfa, that the Palm of the Hand, thoughit hath as thin a Skin as the other | ot mentioned, yet isnot ticklifh, becanfe it is accuftomed to be touched. | ‘Tickling alfo caufeth Langhter. The caule may be the emiffion of the Spirits, | ‘and fo of the Breath, by a flight from Titillation ; for upon Tickling, we } fee there is ever aftarting or fhrinking away of the part to avoid it ; and we fee alfo, that if you tickle the Noftrils with a Feather or Straw, it. ‘|procureth SneeXing, which is a fudden emiffion of the Spirits, that do }ilikewife expel the moifture. And Tickling is ever painful, and not well ‘| endured. |
569. Experiment Solitary, | touching the | - Scarcity of Rain in Egypt.
“) YT isttrange, tharthe River of Nitws overflowing, asit doth the Countrey ‘|B of Egypt, there fhould Beneverthelefs little or no Rain inthat Countrey. ‘4 The caule muft be, either in the Nature of the Water, or in the Nature j,of the Air, or of both. In the Water, it may be afcribed either unto ‘the long race of the Water; for fwifterunning Waters vapor not fo much | as ftanding Waters, or elfe tothe concoétion of the Water; for Waters well concofed, ‘vapor not fo much as Waters raw, no more then Waters upon ithe fire do vapor fo much, after fome time of boyling, as atthe firft. }And itistrue, char the Water of Nilw is fweeter then other Waters intatte j y and it is excellent good for the Stone, and Hypochondriacal Melancholy, j which fheweth it is lenifying ; and it runneth through a Countrey of a }hot Climate, and flat, without fhade eithér of Woods or Hills, whereby Sun muft needs have great power to concoé it. As forthe Air (from
" rhence I conceive this wantof Showers cometh chiefly) the caufe muft be, 2 for
ee tw ee - ee ee IOS oe
763.
Solitary 5 | touching | Clarification,
| i | 769. Experiment Solitary, touching Plants with- ows Leaves.
770: Experiment jSolitary, touching the: Materiaes of Gla,
F7 Te Experiment Solitary, touching Prohibition of Putrefattiou, and the long Confervatiun of Bodies.
| part of ir iffue into the Body adjacent; and therefore ic
| Expersment |
' Balms, ( whereof we now fpeak) in Wax, in
(ae “es
. 1 ~ .
Natural Hiftory ; for that the Aur is of it felt thin and thirity, and as foon as cver It Be teeth any moifture from the Water, itimbibeth, and d flipateth it in the whole
Body of the Air, and fuffercth ie nor to romain in Vapor, whereby it migh | breed Rain. *
i 4 i \
T hath been touched in the Title of Pcrlocations, (namely, fach as are in 4 wards) thatthe Whitesof Eggs and Miik do claritie; and it is certain, | ) chat in Egypt they prepare and clarific the Warer of Wile, by putting it ia . great Jars of Stonc, and ftirring itabour with afew ftamped Almond:, where. with they alfo befmear the Mouth of the Veffel; and fo draw it off, after it hath refted fometime. It were good torry this Clarifying with Almonds in| new Beeror Mutt, to haften and perfcét the Clarifying. | e .
Here be fcarce to be found any Vegetables that have Branches and no
Leaves, except you allow Coral for cne. Bucthere is alfo in the Defarts | of S. Adacario in Egypt, a Plant which is long, Leaflcfs, brown of colour, and |_ branched like Coral, fave that irclofeth atthetop. This being fet in Water | within Houfe, {predeth and difplaycth ftrangely ; andthe people thereabont | have afuperftitious belicf, that in the Labor of W omenit helpeth tothe cafie Deliverance. e
He Cry/talline Venice-Glaff is reported to bea mixture, in equal portions, | of Stones brought from Pavia, by theRiver Ticinum, andthe Afhes of a Weed called by the eArabs, Kall, .which is gathered ina Defart between} cAlexandria and Rofestas and is by the Egyptians uledfirfl for Fuel, and then | they crufh the Afhesinto lumps likeaStone, and fofell them tothe Venesians | for their Glafs- works. a |
[IZ is ftrange, and well to be noted, how long Carcaffes have continued | uncortupt, and in their former Dimenfions ; as appeareth in the Adummies | of Egipt, having lafted, as is conceived (fome of them) three taoufand] | years... It is true, they finde means to draw forth the Brainsy and to take| forth the Entrails, which are the parts apteft to corrupt. But thatis no-} thing tothe wonder; for we fee what a foft and cormptible fubftance the} Ficfh of all che other patts of the Body is, But it fhould feem, that accord-| — ing. to our obfervation and axiom, in our hundredth Experiments, Putre. | faction, which we conceive to be fo natural a Period of Bodies, is but ap accident, and that Matter maketh not that hafte to Corruption that is conceived ; and therefore Bodies in fhining Amber, in Quick-filver; in ‘Honey, inGums, and (it may be)in Corfervatories of Snow, &c. are preferved very long. Itneed] not go for repetition, if we rcfume again that which we faid in the afore. faid Experiments concerning eA nnihilation, namely 5 That if you pro againft three caules of Putrefattion » Bodies will not corrupt. The firft, that the Air be excluded ; for that undermineth the Body, and confpi withthe Spirit of the Body to diffolveit. Fhefecond is, that the Body 2 | cent and ambient be not Commaterial, but meerly Heterogeneal tow the Body that isto be preferved; for if nothing can bereceived by one, nothing can iffue from the others fuch are Quick-filver and Whit ber to Herbs and Flies, and fuch Bodies. The third is, that the Body t preferved.. be not of that grofs that it may corrupt within it felf, alchous I mutt be rat!
)
= Be
—_—__ reer —
Century VohIS.
and fimallttheaot Buik. There is a fourth Remedy aifo;
enna”
whichis, That if
‘the Body to be preferved, be of bulk, asa Cotps is, then the Body that in-
clofeth it muft have a virtue to draw forth and dry the moilture of the in- ward Body; for elfe the Putrefa@ion will play within, though nothing iffuc forth. 1 remember Ziyy dorh relate; that there were found at atime two Coffins of Lead in a Lomb, whercof the one contained the Body of king Numa, itbeing fomé Four hundred years after his death, andthe other, his
Books of Sacred Rites and Cererinonies; and the Difcipline of the Pontifts :
And that in the Coffin that had the Body, there wasnothing (at all) to be fecn
‘| bur a little light Cinders about the fides ; but in the Coffin that had the
Books, they were foundas frefh asif they hadbeen but newly written; being writtenin Parchment, and covered over with Watch-candles of Wax thrce
‘or four fold. By this it feemeth; thatthe Romans in Numa’stime were not
fo good Embalmers as the Fyyptians were ; which was che caule that the Body was utterly confumed. But I finde in Plutarch and others; that when cAugufus Cafar vifited the Sepulchre of Alexander the Great in Alexandria,
| be found the Body to keep his Dimenfion ; but withal, that norwith{tanding
all che Embalming (which no doubt was of the beft) the Body was fotender, as Cafar touching but the Nofe of it, defaced it. » Which maketh me finde it very ftraoge, that the Egyptian AdZummies fhould be reporrcd to be as hatd
jas Stone-pitch : For Ftindeno difference but one, which indeed may be | very material } namely, that the ancient Egyptian Mummies were fhrowded fin a number of folds of Linnen; befmeared-with Gums, in manner of | Sear-cloth 3 which it doth not-appear, was praGifed upon the Body of.
4 Alexander.
qd “43 ai
i pa the Caftle of Cutie, and by the Wells Affi inthe Land of Idumea,
Ni 4 great part of the way, you would think the Sea were-neat’ hand,
t though it be a gooddiftance of : And it if nothing, -butthe fhining of the || Nitre upon the Ses-fands 5 fuch abundance Of Nitre the Shores there do put
|} Quick filver:
| forth.
He Dead-Sea, which vorniceth ap Bitumen, is of thét Crafficude, as Living Bodies, bound hand and foot, ‘and caft into ir, have beeti borne up andnot funk: Which fhewerh, that all finking into Warer, is but an over- weight of the Body put intothe Water; in refpe& of the Water; fo chit
you may make Water foftrong andheavy of Quivk-flver, (perhaps) or the like, as'may bear up Iron; of which I fee no ufe, but Impofture. We
fee alfo, that all Metals, exeept Gold, for the fame reafon {wim upon
ie isteported, thatat che Foot of a Hill near the c2aré mortuiim, theré iga |
Black Stone (whereof Pilgrims make Fires) which burncth like aCoal and
‘}diminifheth nor; but onely waxeth brighter and whiter: Tat it fhould do
The Queition is this,
fo, isnot ftrange ; for we fee Iron red hot burneth and confumeth not. But the ftrangencfs is; that it fhoiild continue any time fo; for iron, as foon as it is out of the Fire, deadeth ftraight-ways. Certainly, it Were a thing of great ufeand profit, if you could finde out Fuel thar would burn hot, and yet laft long: Neither am I alrogether incrediilous, but there may be fuch Gandles as (they fay) are made of Sélamandert Wool, being a kinde of Mineral which whiteneth alfo inthe burning, and confumeth not. Flame mutt be made of fomewhat ; andcommonly it
VE digs Experiment Solitacy,
touching the
Abundance of Mitre in certain Sea.
fhores. 773.
Experiment Solitary, touching Bodies that are borne up
by Wasery”
774. Experiment Solitaty, touching
Fuel that con- fumeth litsle or
nothing:
a soden a
164.
ee ee eee
773° Experiment Solitary, } Occonomical — , touching cheap | Fewel.
776. Expesiment | Solitary, | touch: ve the Gathering of Wind for Frefbnep.
777° Experiment Solitary, touching the Tryals of Airs,
778. Experiment Solitary, touching Increafing of Milk in
Milk- Beafts
779+ Experiment Solityyy {routhitiges Sand of the» Nature of — | Slap.
i ie name ao OR inte etn generar ellie aceite na se tine 3 tA .
| are fome Rooms in /taly and Spain for frefhnefs, and gathering the Winds and |
‘more Milk. Surely, there would be fome better Tryals made of Mixtures of Warer in Ponds for Cattel, to make them more Milch, or to fatten them,
| of HeatintheEarth, and yetthey donot{peak of any Eruption of Fl Itwere good to try, inGlafs. works, whether the crude Materials of
— | e 2 re Say a Se a
Neawural Hiftory ;
is made of forme tangible Body which hath weight; bur it isnot impoftible, perhaps, thatic fhould bemade of Spirit or Vaporin a Body, (which Spirit or Vapor hath no weight) fiichas isthe matrerof Jens furum. But chen you will fay, thatthat Vapor allo can lat buta fhorctime. To chat it may be an- {wered, That by the help of Oyl and Wax, and other Candle: ty the Reais may continue, and the wick notburnt. DOD
Ea-coal laf longet then Char-coal 5 and Char=coal of Roots , being camel
into great pieces, laft longer then ordinary Char-coal. Turf, and Pest, and Cow-/heards are cheap Fewels, andlattlong. Small.coal or-Char-coal pout. | ed upon Char-coal make them aft longer... Sedge is acheap Fewel to Brew | or Bake with, the rather, becaufe it is good for nothing elfe. Tryal would | be made of fome mixture of Sea-coal with Earth, or Chalk; for if that mix- ture be, as the Sea-coal-men ule it privily , to make the Bulk of the Coal) greater, itis deceit ; butif it be ufed purpofely, and be made known, it is faving Sa | ‘wane
T is at this day inufe inGaza, to couch Pot-sherds or Vefels of Earthin their | Walls, to gather the Wind from the top, and to pafs it down in Spouts |} into Rooms. Itis a device for ‘refhne fs ingreat Heats. _ And iris faid, there | Air in the Heats of Summer; but they be but. Pennings of the Winds, and } enlarging them again, and making them reverberate , and goround in ee cles, rather then this device of Spouts i in shed ell oi Here would be ufed much diligence in the choice of fome Bodies and | Tene (as it were) forthe'talting of Ait, to difcover the wholefomenefs Fa or unwholefomnefs as well of ;Seafons, as of the Seats of Dwellings. Iris} certain, that there be fome Houfes wherein Confitures and Pies, will gather | Mould more then in others; and 1 am perfwaded, that apiece of raw Flefh ot Fifh, will fooner corrupt in fome Airs then in others, They benoble Experiments that can make this dilcovery 5 for they ferve for a Natural Divination of Seafons,, better then the Aftronomers can by es oy and again, they seagh men where to chufe their dwelling for their better} health. ; a J eo
Here is a kinde of Stone about Baden which they stinde to powder, | T and putinto Water, whereof Cattel drink, which maketh them give}
or to keep them Be CMurrain, It oa be, Chalk and ice are of the beft. mie if
|i reported, that inthe Valley near the Mountain Carmel in tudes, inal sa Sand, which of all other, hath moft affinity with Glafs, infomuch, - cother Minerals laid init, turn to a glaffie fubftance without the fire ; and again, Glafs put into it, turnerh into the Mother-fand. ‘The thing is ftrange, if ic betrue 5 and itis Jikelieft to be caufed by fome natural Fur
mingled with Glais, already made and remoniien, 99 not facilitate the: makii of Glals with lef3 heal He Ln oe ay ato
Bi» th aS palate yo ae # “anne i ae FT
a ’ a s 7 » é " \ a r
( Ss f ¥ ,
\
| i | |
| WN theSea, npon the South-Wef of Sicily, much Coralisfound, Iris 4SuB- 3
}ters it is fofr; and green of colour; but being broughrinto the Air, it be- | Teometh hard, and thining red; as we fee. Itis faid alfo to have a white | Berry, but we finde it not brought over withthe Coral: Belikeit is caftaway jas nothing worth. Idquire better of it, forthe difcovery of the Narure of | the Plant.
; SHe (Manna of Calabria is the belt, and in moft ptenty. Toey gather it
from the Leaf of the CM¥ulberry-tree 5 but not ot fach CVMulberry-trees as } srow inthe Valleys: And A¢anna taileth upon the Leaves by night, as other /Dewsdo. Itfhould feem, that before thofe Dews come upon Trees in che | Valleys, they diffipace andcannothold out. It fhould {eem alfo, the Mul- } Berry-leaf it felf hath fome coagulating virtue; which infpiffareth the Dew; } for that it is notfound upon other Trees : And we fee by the Silk worms | which feedeth upon that Leaf, what adainty fmooth Juice ithath; and the ) Leaves allo efpecially of the Black Mulberry) are fomewhat briftly, which | may helptopreferve the Dew. Certainly, it were not amifs toobferve a lit- | tle better the Dews that fallupon Trees or Herbs growing on Adountains ; for | itmay be, many Dews fall thar fpend béfore they come tothe Valleys. And |i fuppofe, that he that would gather the belt AZy Dew for Medicine; fhould | gather it ftom the Hills. : pe
i¢ is faid, they have amanner to prepare their Greek Wines, to keep them } # from FumingandInebriating, by adding fome Sulphur or Alum; whereof j the one is Un&uous, and the other is Aftringent. And certain it is, that | thofe two Naturesdoreprefs the Fumes. This Experiment would be tranf- | ferred unto other. Wine and Strong-Beer, by putting in (ome like Subftances Z. they work; which may makethem bothto Fume lefs, and to inflame | fefs. me :
| li is conceived by fome,. (aot imiprobably) that the reafon why Wild- | & fires (whereof the principal ingredient is Bitumen) do not quench with | Warer, is, for thatthe fir concretion of Bisumen, is a mixture of afiery and | Watry fubftance: fois not Sulphur. This appearetrh, for that in the place near | Pareoli, which they call the Court of Vulcad, you fhall hear under the {Earth a horrible thundring of Fire and Water conflidting together s and \thete break forth alfo Spouts of boiling Water. Now that place yield. {eth great quantities of Bitumen; whereas c Ztna, and Vefuviw, andthelike, {whichconfit upon Sulphur, fhoot forth Smoak, and Afhés, and Pumice; jburcno Water. ItYsreported alfo, that Bitumen mingled with Lime, and put }utder Water, will make,as it were,an artificial Rock; the fubftance becometh
| fo hatd.
ey Here is aCernent compounded of Flower, Whites of Eggs, and Stone: } B powdted; that becometh hard asMarble, wherewith Pifcina Adirabilés,
ear Cuma, is faidto have the Walls plaiftered. And itis certain, and tried, | that the Powder of Load-ftone and Flint, by theaddition of Whites of Eggs | fof a Stone,
a
marine Plant, it hath no leaves, it brancheth onely when it is under Wa- | Experiment | |
jand Gum- dragon, made into Pafte; willina few days harden tothe hardnefs azarbie
Tt
' | 780: |
Solttary, fous hing he
Growth of Coral.
781. Experiment Olitary, touching the Gathering of | Manna,
8%. Experiment Solitary, _ touching the Corrcéting of
ine. |
733- Experiment Solitary, _ touching the Materials of Wildfire,
784. Experiment Solitary, touching Plaifer grow- ing as hard as
te
785.
| Experiment —
Solitary, touching Iudgment of i zhe Curtis fome V Icers and Fiuyris.
586. Experiment Solitary, touching the Hlealthfulnef or V nhealth- faulnef of the Southern Wind.
Zoe. Experiment Solitary, touching Wounds.
738. Experiment Solitary, touching Mortification by Cold.
uses J
i 789.
{ Experiment | Solirary, ‘touching
Wrighe.
7900 Experiment ~ Solitary,
ne
Bodiess
whereby he did infer, that Snow did warm like Wool, and Froft did fret like f)
| by a thick vapor that iffueth during the workings which fheweth, that th
touching the | Sispernation of
. | Nawal Huilory ; we =
ba A ea
‘
T hath been noted by the e/nzients, that in full or impure Bodics, Uees [rh Hurts inthe Legs are hard rocure, and inthe Head more eafie, Tis caufe is, for rhat Ulcers or Hurts in the Legs require Deficcation, which b: the defluxion of Humors to the lower partsis hindred, whereas Feed he Ulcers in the Head require it not; bu’, contrariwife, Drynefs maketh the a more apt to Confolidate.. And in Modern ob{ervation, the like difference hath been found between French-men and Englifh men; whereof the ones Conftitution is more dry, and the others more moift : And therefore a ee of the Head is harder co cureinaFrench-man, and of the edie inan Eogitl man.
T hath been noted by the eAncients, that Southern Winds blowing much
without Rain, docaufe a Fevorous Difpofition of the Lear; but with Rain, not, Thecaufeis, forthat Southern Winds do of themmfeles qualifie the Air to be apt to caufe Fevers ; bur when Showers are joyned, they:do refrigerate | in part, and check the fouliry Heat of theSouthern Wind. Therefore this | holdeth notin the Sca-coafts, becanfe the vapor of the Sea withour Showergal doth refrefh. the is |
a
} | |
T hath been noted by the Ancients, that Wounds which ee made with] | Brafs, heal more eafily then Wounds made with Iron. The c2ufe is, for} | that Brafs hath in it elf a Sanative virtue, and foin the very inftant helpeth | fomewhat; but Ironis Corrofive, and not Sanative. And therefore it were | good that the Inftruments which are ufed by Chirurgions about Wont : were rather of Brals then Iron,
} |
: Die the cold Countreys, when Mens Nofes and Ears are bape ie and (as |
it were) Gangrened with cold, if they cometo aFire, they ror off pre f fently. The caufe is, for thatthe few Spirits that remain in thofe parts are fuddenly drawn forth, and fo Putrefa&tion is made compleat. But Snow put: upon them helpeth, for that it preferveth thofe Spirits that remain till they |) canrevive; and befides, Snow hath in it a fecret warmth; as the cWonk proved out of the Text, Qui dat Nivem ficut Lanam, Gelu ficut Cineres fpargit 3)
| | } |
Afhes. Warm Water alfo doth good, becaufe bylittle and little it opene thepores, without any fudden working upon the Spirits. This Experimeng}) may be transferred unto the cure of Gangrenes, either coming of themf{elyes,
or induced by too much applying of Opiates ; wherein you mutt beware of dry Heat, and refortto things that are Refrigerants With an inward watt and virtue of cherifhing. ,
barbers a and Aaua-fortisfeverally, then diffolve the Ironiatheddl fortis, and weigh the Diffolution ; and you fhall finde it tobear as weight as the Bodies did feverally, notwithftanding agood deal of w
opening of a Body doth increéafe the weight, This wastryed once or t but know not whether there were any Errori in the Fryal. ats
Ake of Aqua-fortis two Ounces, of Qaiieh i lver two Drachths,. eet: the «Aqua fortis will bear) the Diffolution will nor bear as big as a Nutmeg-s yet ( nodowbt ) the increafing of the wei
Century VIIL nd : hae [ 167 |
{Water will increate his power of bearings as we fee Broyn, when it ig fale | enough, will bear an Egg. And] remember Wella Payfitian, that ufed to Veive fome M neral Baths forthe Gout &c. And the Body when ir was pur | I inco the Bitn, could nor get down fo eafily as in ordinary Water. Buric feem- | eth, the weight of the Quickfilver, more then the weight of a Stone, doth J} not compente the weight of aStone, more then the weight of the Agua-fortie.
Pw Ectherebe a Body of unequal weight, (as of Wood and Lead, or Bone | By and Lead;) it youthrowit from you with thelight end forward, it will iturn, and the weightierend will recover to be forwards, unlefs the Body be Jover-long, The caufeis, forthat the more Denfe Body hath a more violent J preffure of the parts fromthe firft impulfion; whichis the caufe (chough + heretofore not found out, as hath’been often fiid) of all Violent’ Motions : {And when the hinder pare moveth {wifter (for thar it lefs endureth preffure of | parts) then the forward part can make way for it, icmuft needs be that the | Bodyturn over; for (turned) it can more eafily draw forward the lighter part. | Galilews noteth it well, Thatif anopen Trough, wherein Water is, be driven Vfafter then the Water can follow, the Water garhereth upon an heap to- : wardsthe hinderend, where the motion began ; which he fuppofeth (hold- ‘Jing confidently the motion of the Earth) to be the caufe of the Ebbing and | Flowing of the Ocean, becanf:the Earth over-runneththe Water. Which }Theory though it be falfe, yet the firk Experiment istrue+ as for the inequa- ‘Jiity of the prcflure of parts, itappeareth manifeftly in this, That if you'take abody of Stone or Iron, and-another of Wood, of the famemagnitude and i
|
{ 791. | Experiment | Solitary, touching the Flying of un- equal Bodies in the its
fhape, and throw them with’ equal force, you cannot poflibly throw the | Wood fo faras the Stone orlrons — ‘ hoy
¥T iscertain (as ichath been formerly in part touched) that Water may be | Bt the (Medium of Sounds. 1f youdafh a Stone againft aStone inthebottom Jof the Water, irmakesa Sound; fo along Pole ftruck upon Gravel, inthe } bottom of the Water, maketh a Sound. Nay; if you fhould think thatthe Sound cometh upby the Pole; and not by the Water, you fhall findethat an Anchor let down by aRope maketh aSonnd; and yetthe Ropeis no folid | Body; whereby the Sound canafeend. - yo fay er 4
|
79%. ‘Experiment ‘Solirary, touching Water, thatit imay be the ‘Medium of Soundz. °
4 .
LI objeéts of the Senfes which are very offenfive, do'caufe the Spirits toretire; andupontheir flight, the parts are (in fome degree) deftirute, Jand fo there is induced in them atrepidation and horror. For Sounds, ‘we |fee, thatthe grating of a Saw, or any very harfh noife, will fet the Teeth on Jedge, and make all the Body fhiver. For Taftes, we fee, that in the taking of }a Potion, or Pills, the Head and the Neck fhake. For odious fmells, the like |effe& followeth, which is lefs perceived, becaufe there is a remedy at hand, | by topping of the Nofe. Butin Horfes; thatcan ufe no fuch help, we fee {the fmell of aCatrion, efpecially of adead Horfe, maketh them flieaway, | {and take on almoft; as if they were mad, For Feeling, if you comeourof the | )Sun fuddenly into a fhade, there followeth a chilnefs or fhivering in all the |Body. And even in Sight, which hath (ineffe&) no odious objeé, coming in- 0 fudden darknefs, induceth an offer to fhiver. ere)
7930.0: Experiment Solitary.s of the Flight of the Spirits upon odious Objeés.
Ts
794- Experiment Solitsty, touching the Super- Reflexi- on ‘of Echoes,
{Pt Here is in the City of Zicinwm in Lraly, a Church that hath Windows | & onely from above; itis in Lengch an hundred Feet, in Bredth twenty | Peet, and in |Height near fifty, having a Door in the midft. It reporteth,
7 ; _ the
;
’
“4
168 | sie Natural Hiftory ; lata.
the voice twelve orthirteentimes. If you ftand by the clofe cnd-wall ove; againftthe Door, the Echo fadeth and dieth by little and little, as the Ech at Pont-Charenton doth, and the voice found: th as if itcame from above the Door ; and if youftand atthe lower end, oron citherfide of the Door, the Fcho holdeths butif you ftand in the Doot,orin the midft juit over a iinft the Door, not. Note, that all Echoes found betteragainft old Walls ther new, becaufe they are more dry andhollow. on
| |
795. ae effects which are wrought by thepercuflion of the Senfe, and by Solicaniebou things in Fact, areproduced likewife in fome degree by the Imagin a. touching the | tion : Therefore if a manfee another eat fouroracide things, which fetthe | force of rmags- | Teeth on edge, this obje@ tainteth the Imagination ; fo that he that feeth
nation, Imi-
sating that of | the thing done by another, hath his own Teeth alfo fet on edge. Soif aman]
sheSenfee | fee another turn {wiftlyand long, or if helook upon Wheels thatturn, him- felf waxeth Turn-fick. So if aman beuponahigh place, without Rails, ou good hold, except hebe ufed to it, he is readyto fall; for imagining a fall, | it putteth his {pirits into the very ation of a fall. Somany upon the fecing | of others Bleed, or Strangled, or Tortured, themfelvesare ready to faint, |
as if they bled, or were in ftrife. , . ce
796. Ake a Stock:Gilliflower, andtie it gently upon ftick, and put them both. Experiment both into a Stoop-glafs full of Quick-filver , fo that the Flower be | Sol? | covered; then laya little weight upon the top of the Glafs, that may keep Prefevvation | the ftickdown; and look uponthem after four or five days, and you fhall | f Bodies | Gnde the Flower frefh, and the Stalk harder and lefs flexible then itwas.|
If youcomparc it with another Flower, gathered at thefame time; it will} be themore manifeft. Thisfheweth, that Bodies do preferve excellently in | Quickefilver ; and not preferve onely, but by thecoldnefs of the Quyick-filver | indurate. For the frefhnefs of the Flower may bemeerly Confervation, | 4 (whichis the more ta be obferved,becaufe the Quick-filver prefleth the Flower) | but the ftifnefs of the Stalk cannot be without Induration from the cold. gas} it feemeth) of the Quick filver. 7 a
aah r Ae ag 7970 | ys is reported by fome of the Ancients, Thatin Cyprusthereis akinde of] Bate ‘Tron, that being cut into little pieces, and put into the ground, if itbe well} touching the | watered, will encreafeinto greater pieces. Thisis certain, and known of old, | ago |'that, Lead will multiply and encreafe ; as hath been feen in old Statues of} if nacnaii Stone, which have been put in Cellars, the Feet of them being bound with | 8 | Leaden bands ; where (after atime) there appeared, that the Lead did fwell, | infomuch,as it hanged upon the Stonelike Warts. f On 2s ki 798. I Callthat drowning of Metals, when the bafer’ Metal is fo incorporate | Slay 4 withthe morerich, as it can by no meansbe feparated again; whichis a
kinde of Verfion, though falfe ; as if Silver fhould be infeparably inco rated with Gold, or Copper and Lead with Silver. The Auciens Eledrum in it a fifth of Silver tothe Gold, and made a Compound Metal, as fit f .|moft ules as Gold, and mote refplendent, and more qualified in other properties; butthen that. was eafily feparated. ‘This to do privi orto make the Compound pafs for the rich Metal fimple, is an adulteratic or counterfeiting ; but if it be done avowedly and without difguifixig -may, bea great faving of the richer Metal. 1 remember tohavehe;
a man: skilful in Metals, that a fifteenth part of Silver incorporate wi
a ¢ 1 t 4 ¢ A rn ee eo memes marge ee a meen tee rai ‘ _
hn ene
Ceniury tee ka
old is the onely Subftance which hath nothing in it Volatile, and yet melteth without much difficulty. The Melting fheweth, that it is not jejune or {carce in Spirit. So thatthe fixing of it is notwahtof Spirit to flic ‘out, .butthe equal {preding of the Tangible patts, and the clofe coacerva- | tion of them; wherebythcy havethelefs appetité, and no means (atall) to | iffue forth. It were good therefore to try whether Glafs Re-molten, do lofe | any weights forthe partsin Glafsare evenly fpred, but they are hot fo clofe | asinGold; as we {ee by the eafie admiffion of Light, Heat, and Cold, and by the fmalnefs of the weight. There be other Bodies fixed, which have lit- | tle or no Spirit, foas there is nothing to flie out; aswe fee inthe Stuff, where- | of Coppels are made, which they put into Furnaces, upon which Fire wotk- fethhor. So that there are three caufes of Fixation s the Even-(preding both of the Spirits and Tangible parts; the Clofenef of the Tangible parts ; andthe Fe- | junenef or Extream Comminution of Spirits : Of whichthree, the two fisft may | be joyned witha Nature Liquefiable, the laft not. :
| & may callit) or Infatisfadion of feveral Bodies,and of theirappetite to take
fin others. Air taketh in Lights, andSounds, and Smells, and Vapors: And itis moft manifeft, that itdoth ie wich a kinde of Thirft, asnot fatisfied with | hisown former Confiftence ; for elfe itwould never receive them in fo fud- 'denly and cafily. Water and all Liquorsdohaftily receive dry and more Ter- | reftrial Bodies proportionable; and Dry Bodies, onthe other fide, drink in | Waters and Liquors: So tliat (as it was well faid by one of the Ancients, of | Earthy and Watry Subftancés) one is a Glue toanother. Parchment, S ils, Clorh, &c; drink in Liquors; though themfelves be entire Bodies, andnot | comminuted, as Sand and A/bes, tor apparently porous: c%eérals themfelves |do receive inreadily Strong-Warers, and Strong-Wwaters likewife do readily piercé Jinto Metals and Stones; anid that Strong-waier will touch upon Gold, that will {not touch upon Silver, and ¢ converfo. And Gold, which feemeth by the weight | to betheclofeft and moft folid Body, doth greedily drinkin Oxick-filver. And jitfeemeth, that this Reception of other Bodies isnot violent; for it is (many times) reciprocal, and, as it were, with confent. Of the caufe of this, andto what Axiom it may be referred, confider attentively ; for as for the pretty Jaflertion, That (Matter is like a Common Strampes that deficeth all Forms, it is but a Wandring Notion. Onell Flame doth not content it felf to takein an other Body; butcither to overcome, and turn another Body into it felf, as | byvidory, or itfelf to di¢ andgo out.
SS SS Se
| le is 2 profound Contemplation in Nature, to confiderof the Emptinefs (as we:
799- Experiment Solitary, touching Fixation of Bodies,
EE EE tr te ee
800. Experiment Solitary, touching the Refilefs Wa- | ture of Fhings | in themfelves» and their De- fire to Change,
re tee a EST
ne ee en 2 ee
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sah oe anc q:
“q in eh sot Py rh ig athoiaw oer te
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e ¥ Vi) rls Riot DOR Ze
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NATUR AL
Century TX, |
Experiments | in Confort; toaching Perception iff Bodies Infen- fible, rendjrig
to Natural Divination or Suotit Tryalt
==) T is certain, That all Bodies whatfoever, though they =| have no Senfe, yet théy have Perception: For when | one Body is appliedto another, there is akinde of Electi- ‘| on, to embrace that whichis agreeable, and to exclude | orexpel that whichisingrate; And whether the Body | be altecantor altered,evermore a Perception precedeth Operation; for elfe all Bodies would be alike one to an- | other. And fometimes this Perception infomé kinde of Bodies is far more fubtilthen the Senfe; fo that the Senfeis but a dull thing lin comparifon of it. We fee a Weather-glaf willfinde the leat difference of the Weather in Heat or Cold, when Men finde it not. And this Percepticti Jal(ois fometimes atdiftance, as well asuponthe touch; as when the Losd- frone draweth Iron, or Flame fireth Napheha of Babylon a greatdiftance off. It is thereforea fubje& of a very Noble Enquiry, to enquire of the moré fubril
Perceptions ; for it is another Key toopen Nature, aswellasthe Senfe, and fometimes better: And befides, it isaiprincipalmeans of Natural Divination; Vfor that which in thefe Perceptions appearcth early , in the gteat effes ometh long after. It is true alfo, that it ferveth to difcoverthat which is Thid, as wellasto foretel that which isto come, asitisin many /ubril Tryals : }As to try whether Seeds beoldornew, the Senfe cannotinform; butif you {boil them in Water, the new Seeds willfprout fooner. And foof Water, Vthe tafte will notdifcover the beft Waters but the fpeedy confuming of it; Jand many other means which we have heretofore fet down, willdifcover it: So in all Phyfiognomy, the Lineaments of the Body will difcoyerthofe Natural ‘VInclinations of the Minde, which Diffimulation wiil:conceal, ot Difcipline will fupprefs. We thall therefore now handle onely thofe two Perceptions |which pertain to Nawral Divination and Difcovery; leaving the bandling of — | cht Rago: Bert ‘ Percéption
eR ne on een ne ne ater
| j :
ieee ob seed
' Pee
Natural Hiftory ; iii kee a '| Perception in other thingsto be difpofed elfwhere. Now itis true, that Di- | vination is attained by other means ; as if you Know the caufes, if you k now the Concomisants, youmay judge of the effed to follow ; and the like may be | faid of Difcovery. But we tyc our {elves here tothat Divination and Difcovery chiefly, which is caufed by anearly or fubtil Perceprion. < AO aL | . The aptnefs or propenfion of Air or Water ta corrupt or puirefie, }(no doubt) is to be found before it break forth into manifeft cffe@s of Dif. ‘cafes, Blafting, orthelike. We willthcrefore fet down fome Prognofti “kg ‘of Peftilential and unwholfomeyears. ss tte a
ee — yininees |
Sor. ‘The Wind blowing much from the South without Rain, and Worms’ : !
in the'Oak-Apple, have been fpoken of before. Alfo theplénty of Frogs, | _Grafhoppers, Flies, and the like Creatures bred of Putrefa@ion,doth portend
/Peftilential years. mre a | Great and early Heatsin the Spring, (and namely in May) without | Winds,portend the fame. And generally fo do years with little Wind or } Thunder. : a Great Droughts in Summer, lafting till towards the end of eAugus, | and fome gentle thowess uponthem, andthen fome dryweatheragain, do} ‘portend a Peftilent Summer the year following : For abour the end o | Auguft, all the {weetnefs of the Earth which goeth into Plants or Trees is) exhaled ; (and much more if the Auguft be dry ) fo that nothing then can breath forth of the Earth but a grofs vapor, which is apt to corrupt } the Air; and that vapor by the firlt fhowers, if they begentle, is releafed, and cometh forth abundantly. ‘Therefore they that come abroad foon}) after thofefhowers are commonly taken with ficknefs. Andin 4frick no} Body will ftir out of doors after the firftfhowers. But if the firft fhowers |) come vehemently ,_ then they rather wath and fill the Earth, then give} it leave.to breath forth prefently. Butif dry weather come again, then} it fixeth and continueth the corruption of the Air upon the firft fhowers |) begun, and. maketh it of ill influence even to the next Summer, ex-} cepta very Frofty Winter difcharge it, which feldom fucceedeth fuch Droughts.. 5. 0: nae ot se: ra a The lefferInfe@tions of the Small-Pox, Purple Feavers, gues in the Sum- | mer precedent, and-hovering all Winter, ido portend a great Peftilence) in the Summer following: For Putrefation dothnot rife to its height at | once... 54 ealinds betas,” , — It were good'tolay apiece of raw Flefh or Fifh in the open Air | and ifit’putrefie quickly, it is'a fign of a difpofition in the Air to Par} trefa@ion. . And becaufe you cannotbe informed, whtherthe Putrefadi: on’ be ‘quick or late, | except you compare this Experiment with, like Experiment in another year 3 it were not amifs in the fame. and at the fame time; ‘to lay one piece of Flefh,or Fifh in the open and another:of the fame kinde and . bignefs within doors’: For 1 that. if a general .di‘pofition be in the Air to putrefie, the Flefh o . | will feoner putrefiesabroad, -where the Air|hath more power then Houfe, where irhath lefs, being many ways corre@ed. And this Exper ment would be ngadeabout theend:of, March ;) for that feafon is likeftt difcover what the Winter hath done, and what. the Summer following | doupon theAir.: :Andbecaufethe Air: (no doubt) receiveth great and infufion from the Earth, it were good. to try that expofing o
S02:
803.
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804.
305.
+
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ens tt} » PL 35th a i oe ; =o
we — venta og at Rate senescent . ATES I a nt at = a > ee ° - — cs PE hese IN IFES
Century 1X.
or Fifh bothupona Stake of Wood, fomeheight above che Earth, and upon the flat of the Earth. ig. SY Take (My Dew, and fee whether it putrefie quickly, ot no; for chat, likewife may ditclofe the quality of the Air, and vapor of the Earth, more ‘or lefs corrupted. : _ Adry March, and a dry fay, portend a wholefome Stimmer, if there be ‘a fhowring April between; but otherwifeirisafign of aPefilential year. |
As the difcovery of the difpofition of the Air is good for the Prognofticks of wholefome and unwholefome years ; fo ic is of much more ule for the choice of placesto dwell in; atthe leaft for Lodges andRetiring-places for Health, (for Manfion- Houf:s refpec provifions as well ashealth) wherein the Experiments above.mentioncd may fetve. |
Bur for thechoice ef Places or Seats, itis good to make tryal, notonely | of aptncfs of Air to corrupt, but alfo of the moifture and drynefs of the Air,and the temper of itin heatorcold; for that may concern health diverily. We fee that there be fame Houfes wherein Sweer Adeats will relent; and Baked | Afeats willmould, moretheninotherss and Wainfcors will alfo fweat more, fo | chat chey willalmoft:un with Water: All which (ao doubr) are caufed chief- | ly by the moiftnefs of the AirinthofeSeats. But becanf: ic is better to know | Jit before a Min buildeth his Houfe, then to finde it after, take the Experiments | following. . Lay Wool, ora Sponge, or Bread inthe place you would trv, comparing fit with fome other places;‘and fee whether itdoth not moiften, and make | the Wool or Sponge, &c, more ponderous thenthe other: And if it do, you | may judge of that place, as firuate inagrofs and moift Air. | Becaufe it is certain chat in fome place, either by the Nature of the Earth, jor by the firuation of Woods ahd Hills, che Aic is more unequal then in jothers; and inequality of Airis ver an enemy tohealth: It were good to | take two Weathcr-Glaffes, matches in allthings, and to f:¢ them forthe fame hours of one day infeveral places where no fhadeis not encloftres ; and to | mark when you fetthem, how farthe Water cometh ; andto compare them | when you come again, how the Warerftandeth then. Andif you finde them | Jj unequal, youmay be fure, thatthe place where the Water isloweft is inthe |warmer Air, andthe otherinthe Colder. _ And the greater the inequality is | jof the afcent or defcent of the Water, the greater is che inequality of rhe | temper of the Air. | ay, The Predittions likewife of cold andlong Winters; and hot and dry | } Summers, are good to be known, as well for thedifcovery of the cauf:s, } as for divers Provifions. That of Plentyof Haws, and Heps, and Bryar-Bervies, hath beenfpoken of before. If Wainfcor or Stoney thathave ufzd to fwear, be | more dry in the beginning of Winter, or the drops of the Eavs of 'Houfes {come more flowly down then they uf, ic pottendeth ahard and frofty Win- }ter. The caufe is, for thatit fheweth an inclination of the Airto dry Weather, | whichin Winter is ever joyned with Froft. te } Generally ¢moift anda cool Summer, portendethahard Winter. The |canfe is, for char the vapors cf thc Earth are not diffipated in the Sammer by }the $un ; and fothey rebounduponthe Winter. © |
- Ahot and dry Summer and Autumn, and efpecially if the heat and
}drought extend fir into Seprember, porrendeth an open beginning of Winter, fand colds to fucceedtowardthe latcerpart of the Winter, and the beginning of the Spring. For till thea the former heat and drought bear the fway, and | ithe vapors are not fufficiently multiplied. ? ‘
$09.
810:
Sit.
812.
S13.
$i 4.
S16.
$17.
$18.
$Ig.
820,
$21,
B22.
| fhall finde a number of inftances in our Inquifirion de Ventis.
up Grafs or Chaff, or fuch light things into the Air.
| ried by the Wind ; fo any light thing that moveth when we findno VV:
' voice ro tell tales what they finde, and likewile by the motion
» ' ‘ - eo ‘Set ee 7 ; ‘a AW an Wat ’ , . ~ ey Ns a+ Vs * ae ") h i %
Natural Hiftory , Bi. _ ‘Anopenand warm Winter portendethahot and dry Summer: Forthe Vapors difperfe into the Winter fhowers ; whereas Cold and Froft keep. eth them in, and tranfporreth them into the late Spring and Summer fole Jowing. | Maas | ame 1m Birds that ule to change Countrevs at certain Seafons, if theyll earlier, do fhew the temperature of Weather according ro that Corie whence they came: As the Winter. Birds, (namely, Woodcocks, Feldefares rr) if they come earlier, and out of the 2orthern Countreys, with us thew cold Winters. And if it bc inthe fame Gountrey, then they fhew atemperature |, of Seafon, like unto that Seafon in which they come ; a5SWallors Bap Cuckoes,@c. that come towards Summer, if they ‘come early, "ew a Looe Summer to follow. ‘ bth Oa The Prognofticks more immediate of Weather to follow fon after, are more certain then thofeof Seafons: The Refounding of the Sea upon chel Sipre, and the Murmurof Winds inthe Woods, without apparent Wing, fhew Windtofollow, Forfuch Winds, breathing chiefly cut of the Banh. are not atthe firft perceived, exceptthey be pentby Water or Wood. a | therefore.a Murmur.out of Caves likewile portendeth as much. | The Upper Regions of the Air, perceive the Collection of the matter of Tempeftand Winds before the Air here below, And therefore the obfcuring
t
of the{maller Stars, is afignof Tcmpefts following. And of this kinde you}
Great Mountains have a Perception of the difpofition of the Airto Tem. pefts fooner,then the Valleys or Plains below. And therefore they fay in WPaless | VVhben certain Hills have their Night-caps on, they mesn-mifchief. The ake ic. fara | Tempefts which are for the moft part bred,above in the Middle Region, (a 5 | they call it) are fooneft perceivedtocolle&intheplacesnexcir, |. «|
_ Phe Air and Fire have fubtil Perceptions of Wind rifing before Men | - finde it. Wefeethe trembling of a Candle will difcover a Wind, that other- | wife we do notfeel; and the Flexious burning of Flames doth fhew the Air | . beginneth to be unquiet ; and fo do Goals of fire, by calting off the alhes |
more then they ufe. The caufe is, for that no Wind at the firit, till it hath | {truck and driven the Air, is apparent to the Senfe ; but flame is eafier to, i movethenAir. Andfor the Afhes, itisnomarvelthough Wind unperceived. !
fhake them off; for we uftally try which way the Wind bloweth, by calling 7 When Wind expireth from under the Sea, as it caufeth fome refound 3
ings of the Water, (whereof wefpake before) fo it caufeth fome light mo- J tions of Bubbles, and. white Circles of Froth.. The caufe is, for that the Wind canpot be perceived by the Senfe, until there be an Eruption of a great Quantity from under the Warer,, and fo itgettethinto a Body, whereas inthe
firft putting up, itcomech in little portions. on : Rept _-Wefpakeof the Afhes that Coalscaft off, and of Grafs and Chaff cat-
fheweth a VVind at hand: As when Feathers-or Down of Thiltles fie to frolimedneAit.oc) di boteothdh domes « La oe ty an For Prognofficks of V Veather from Living Creatures, itisto be noted _ Creatuires that live in the open Air (ub dio) muft needs have a q _. impreffion from the Air, taen Men thaclive moft withindoors; and « |. cially Birds who Jive in the Ait freeft and clearclt, and are apteft by:
flight to exprefs the fame. ik aa
7
Century 1 X. 3 lt 178) VV aser-fowls (at Sea-Gulls, <Moor-Hens, Ges) when Their ¢ flock and id -Aiesl ager | together from the'Seatowards the Shores; and conttariwife Land Birds, (as | Crows Swallows, &c. when they fire fromthe Landtothe VVaters, and Ht | |the VVarers with their VVings, do forclhew Rainand VVind. The caufe is, Pleafure that both kindes take in the moiftne(s and denfiy of the Air, Jand fo defire to be in motion, and upon the VVing, whither-foever, they ‘would otherwife go: For it is no marvel thar VVater-fowl do joy mo ‘in that Air which is likeft VVarers ; and Land Birds alfo (many of them) | delight i in Bathing and moift Air. For the fame reafonialfo, many Bicds do prune theirFeathers, and Geele do gaggle, and Crows feem to call upon Rain. All whichis but the comfort they feem to receive in:the prea of |. j the Air. | The Heron wich fhe foareth high, (fo as Fadisiiaies fhe is feen to pats 824. | overa Clond) fheweth VVinds: But Kites flying alofr, thew fair and dry | weather. The canfemay be, for that they both mount moft into the Air cf that temper wherein they delight. . And the Heron, being a VVarter-fowl, jtaketh pleafure in the Air thar is condented ; and befides; being but: heavy | of VVing, needeth the help of the groffer Air. But the Kite affe@teth not | fo muchthe groflacfs of the Air, as the cold and {refhnefs thereof; for be- | ing a Bird of Prey’, and therefore bor, fhe delighteth in the frefh Air, and | | (many times) fleth again({t the VVind; as Zrouts:and Salmous {wim againtt the flream. And yet it is true alfo, that all Birds finde an eafe inthe depth | of the Air, as Swimmers doina deep VVater. And therefore when they arc sg they can uphold themfelves with their VVings {pred, fearce moving
1; | = © Fifer: when they play. towards: thetop of the VVater, do commonly. | foretel Rain. . The caufeis,for that aFith hating the dry, will not approach |. if Air till it groweth moift ; and when it is dry will fle it; and fwim | lower. Beasts do take eoniiota (gencrally) ina moitt Ac r, and it Wit then: | eat their Meat betters and therefore’ Sheep will get up betimes in the | morning to feedagainft Rain; and Cattle, and Deer, and Coneys willfeed hard before Rain ; ; and aeifer will put up his Notes; ane (nuff i in so Air ; ‘| again Rain. up The Trifail apaing Rain, fuvelleth in the Stalk: ‘anu fo Riwderti more’ {uprigat ; forby wet, Stalks do ere&t, and Leaves bowdown. | There isa fimall Red Flower in the Stubble-fields, which Countrey people call the \F¥incopipe ; which, if it oes in the ie isl you eek be fure of a faic day to. follow. Sve ssce . © Evenin wea,’ Aches, and Hurts, and Corns, do engtieve eishiee fowards » 838r 1g
225.
826.
827.
| Rair, cr towards Froft ; for the one’ maketh’ the Hiimors more to abound; | aid the other maketh them fharper. So we fee both’ extreams brits ne | | Gout. © = VV orms,: esse Gi: do forcthew (likkewite ) Rainy ++ for Earth Worms |. Rar come forth, and Moles will caft up ae anid Fleas bite ntore oes un. ‘ Solid Bodies likewife forefhew Rain : As Satie and Wainteor tien | they fivear, and Boxes and Pegs of Wood when they draw and wind hard 3 jthouga the former be but from an ‘outward caufe, for thatthe Stone or | Wainfeot turneth and beatethi back the Ait againtt i it fet but the latter is an | |inward welling of the Body of the VWoodit felf.*
$29.
S30;
) omptow €
$31.
| Experiment Solitary, touching the Nature of Appetite in | she Stomack,
$32. Experiment Solirary, touching | Sweetne/ of | Odor from the | Rainbaww.
833. 1 Experiment A Solit WY»
rouching
aa ve Natural Hiftoys | Be
| Sweet Smells.
| both.onthefire, andfrom thefire, as Rofe-water, @c. Some do fearce co | forth, ot atleaft not fo pleafantly, as by means of the fire; as Juniper, Sv
BE ia al Pa’ Aad
ae
, P é s \ a “
Ppetite ismoved chiefly by things that are cold and dry. The caufe is, | A for that Cold isa kinde of indigenceof Nature,and calleth uponiu ply, andfo is Drynefs: Andtherefore all four things (as Vinegar, Fuyce of Lemmons, | Oyl of Visriol, Gc) provoke Appetite. And the Difeale wnich they call} cAppetisus Caninus, confilteth inthe Matter of an Acide and GlaffiePhiegm | in the Mouth of theStomack, Appetite is alfo moved by fourthings, for} that four things induce acontradtion in the Nerves, placed inthe Mouch: of | the Stomack, which isa great caufeof Appetite. As for thecaufe wiy One| ons, and Salt, and Pepper in Baked Meats moveAppetite, iris by Vellication | of thofe Nerve: s forMotion whetreth. As for Wormwood, Olives, Capers, and others of thatkinde, which participate of Bitternefs, they move Appetite | by Abfterfion. So asthere be four principal caufes of Appetite; the Refi. } geration of the Stomack joyned with fome Drynefs, Contraction, -Vellicati- on, and Abfterfion; befides Hunger, which is an emptine(S; and yet over- fafting doth (many times) caufe the Appetiteto ceafe ; for that wantof Meat maketh the Stomackdraw Humors, and fuch Humors as are light and Cho- |” lerick, which quench Appctite moft.. , | a). )
T hath been obferved by the —Ancients, that where a Rainbow {eemeth to’
hang over, ortotouch, there breatheth fortha fweerfmell. The caufeis, for that his happeneth but in certain matters which haye in themfelves fome |_ Sweetnefs, which the gentle Dew of the Rainbow doth draw forth ; and che | like do foft Showers, forthey.alfomake the Ground {weet: But noneare fo | delicate as the Dew of the Rainbow whereit falleth. It may bealfo, that the | Water itfelf hath fome Sweeinefs; for the Rainbow confifteth of a Glomera- | tion of {mall drops, which cannot poffibly fall but from the Air that is | very low, and therefore may hold the very Sweetneis of the Herbs and | Flowersas a Diftilled Water: For Rain and other Dew that fail from high | 2 cannot preferve the {mell, being diffipated in thedrawing up; neitherdowe | know, whether fome Water it telf may not have fome degree of Sweetnefs. } It is true, that we finde it fenfibly in no Pool, River, nor Fountain; butgood |” Earth newly turned up, hath a frefhnefsand good fents which Water, ifitbe] norroo equal, (for equal objeéts never move the Senfe) may alfohave. Cer | tain itis; that Bay/ale, which is but a kinde of Water congealed, will fome-]| times-(mell like Violets. “ it. Moree
70 (weet Smells, heat isrequifite to conco&the Matter, and fome Moy- } fture to {predthe Breath of them: Forheat, wefeethat Woods and Spi- | cesare more odorate in the Hot Countreys, then in the Cold, For Moifture, | | we fee that things too much dryed lofe their Sweetnefs; and Flowers grow. | | ing {mell better inaMorning or Evening, then at Noon. Some (weet {me are deftroyed by approach tothe Fire; as Violets, Wallflowers, Gilliflowers, and generally all Flowers that haye cool and delicate Spirits, Some con
Gums, @c.and all {mells thar are enclofed in a faft Body ; but (general thofe {mells are the moft grateful wherethe degree of heat is{mall, or the ftrength of the{mell.is allayed; forthefe things do rather wothe then fatiate it, And thereforé the {mell of Piolers and Rofes exceedeth in fv nefsthat of Spices; and Gums, andthe ftrongeft fort of {mells, are beft in; weft afar off. | hy
Jagd ie raeth ohna co scene ltlbeilvenky idbiaalial ll ness danadmaaamaml
ftances notasitisin Light, and Colours, and Sounds: For we fee plainly lia that {mell doth {pred nothing that diftance that the other do. Ir is true, that tochicg thé + Q ne Woods of Orenges, and Heaths of Rofenary, will fell a ‘grcat way into Corporeal | the. Sea, perhaps twenty Miles 5 but whar is that, fince:apeal of Ordnance Co. of Willdo.as much, which moveth in a {mall compas, whereas thofe Woods | | land. Heaths are of vatt {paces > Befides, we {ce that fmells do adhere tohard | Bodies ; as in perfuming of Gloves, &c, which fheweth them corporéal;, and
| do laft a great while, which Sounds and Light donot.
| | yr is certain, that no fmiell iffueth but with cmiffion of fome corporeal fibel. 3 34. |
a ‘
He Excrements of moft Greinies fmell ill, chiefly to the el Creaftice| 835. iT that voideth them: For we fee, befides that of Man; that Pigeons and. pores | Horfesthrive beft, if their Houfes and Stables be kepr weer; and foof Cage- | touching
| Birds ; and the Cat burieth that which fhe voideth. And it holdeth chiefly in Fotis an. ; ‘ thofe Beatts which feed upon Ficth. Dogs (almoft) onely of Bealts delight in Jano ' fetide odors 5 which fheweth there is fomewhat in their fenfe of {mell differ- +} ing from the (mells of other Beafts. Bur the caufe why Excrements. fmell ili is | | manifeft, for that the Body it felf reje@eththem, much.more the Spirits: | And ‘wefce, that thofe Exczements that are of the frtt digeltion fell: the wortt, | as the Excrements from the Belly; thofe thatare from the fecond digeftion, lefs | | il, as Vrine ; and thofe that are fromthe third, yet lefs; forSweat isnot fo ‘| bad asthe othertwo, efpecially of fome perfons that are full of, heat. : Like- } wife moft Putrefactions are of an odious fmell, for they fmell either fertile ox | mouldy. The caufe may be, for that Putrefadtion doth bring forth fucha | confiftence as ismoft contrary tothe confiftence of the Body whileft its | found, for it isameerdiffolution of that form. Befides, there is another rea- | fon, which is profound: Anditis, That the objects zhat pleafe any, of he fenfes, have (all) fome equality, and (as it were) order in their compofition, | » | but where thofe are wanting theobjetisever ingrate. So mixture of many { difagreeing, colours is never unpleafant to the Eye: Mixture of difcordant
(ri is unpleafant to the Ear; mixture or hotch- -potch of many taftes:is
ee BN ge nN Rl ES A REN .
-unpleafant tothe tafte ; harfhnefs and ruggednefs ot Bodies is unpleafant to. ‘the touch. Nowitiscertain, thatall PutrefaCtion; being adiffolucion.of the | | fir form, isa meer confufion, and unformed mixture of the part. Never-, | thelefs, it isftrange, and {cemeth to crofsthe former .obfervation, that: fome | 2 _| Putrefaétions and Excrements do yield exccllentOdors ; as, Civit and Musksand + | asfome think, Amber-greece, for divers takeit (though ‘anprobably} to'come rerio? f from the Sperm of F.ths and the Mols we f{pake of from Apple-srees is littie | 8 | better thenan Exeretion.. The reafon may be, for thar there pafleth inthe | au. | Excrements, and remainethin the Putrefagtions, {ome.good fpirits, efpecially, | where they proceed from Greatures that, are very hor. -But it may, be; allo. '|joyned with a further caufe, which is morefubtil; and. itis, that the Senfes 4 I love nottobe over-pleafed, bur to have a commixture, of fomewhatthat is in it {elf ingrate. Certainly, we fee how Difcords.in Mufick, falling: upon ) | Concords, make thef{weeteft ftrains : And we fee again what ftrange re taltes 1, delight the tate; as: Red- -herrings, Caviare, Parmefan,. ec. And. it may be the fame holdeth in {mells, For thofe-kinde of fmellsthat we have mentioned | are all {trong, and dopull and vellicate the Senfe. And we findealfo, that } |\ places where men Urine commonly have fome {mell of mf Milets And Visine |if onc hath caren AAD oD Bs hath fotoo, . : |
a . a d . S| 5 s : b a 2 teh NS Sul , thiyH
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2
The flochful, general, and indefinite Contemplations and Notions ¢ the Elements, and their Conjugations cf the Influences of Heaven, of Ht Cold, moifture, Dron, ht, Qualities Adive, Pafive andthelike, have fwallow
_edup the truc Paffages, and Proceffes, and Affects, and Confiftencies of Matter, asi
| Natural Bodies. Therefore they are to be fet afide. being but notional, an limited ; and definite axioms are to be drawn out of meafured inftances, | and fo affent to be made to the more general axioms by Scale. Andof thefe| kindes of Proceffesof Nature, and Charattersof Adatter, we willnow fetdown | fome inftances. ite:
. bh
836 Ll Putrefa&ions come chiefly from the inward Spirits of the Body, Experiment A and partly alfo from the CA mbient Boay, be it Air, Liquor, or what: | pac the | foeverelfe. And this laft, by two means; either by ingrefs of the fubftance | cauferof Pu-| Of the Ambient Body into the Body putrefied, or by excitation and folici-|_ intfaétion | tation of the Body putrefied, andthe partsthereof, by the Body Ambient. | As for the received opinion, that Putrefa@ionis caufed either by Cold, of | Peregrine and Preternatural Hat, itis but nugation: ForCold in things e inanimate, is the greateft enemy thatis to Putrefaétion, though it extin-| guifheth Vivification, which ever confifteth in Spirits attenuate, which the | Cold doth congeal and coagulate. And as for the Peregrine bead, itis thus | far true, That it the proportion of the _//dventiveheat, be greatly predomi- | nant to the Natural bear, and Spirits of the Body, it tendeth to diflolution, or} notable alteration. But this iswrought by t miffion, or Suppreffion, or | Suffocation of the Native Spirits, and alfo bythe Difordination and Dif. | compoture of the Tangible parts, and other paflages of Nature, and not | by aconfli& of Heats. Bis 2) Ee
\
ut
$37. N verfions or main Alterations of Bodies, theré.is a Medium between the |
parts are in confufion till they fettle one way or other. j iff 838. He word Concottion or Digeftion, is chiefly taken into ufe from Living | Experiment ‘Creatures, and their Organs, and from thence extended to Liquors |
eh and Fruits,&c. Therefore they fpeak of Meat concoded, Urine and Exére. { 4
Conceéfinand| Ments Concotted; and the Four Digcftions (in the Stomack, in the Liver,in | _
|erdizy. || che Arteries and Nerves, and in the feveral parts of the Body) are likewife | called Céncoctions ; and they areallmade tobe the works of Heit. All which notions are but ignorant catches of a few things, whichare moft obvious to Mens obfervations. The conftanteft notion of Concottion is, that it fhould fignifie the degrees of alteration of one Body into another, from Crudity tc
|| Perfect Concottion, whichisthe ultimity of that action or procefs. And while
{the Body to be converted and altered is too ftrong forthe efficient fhould convert or alter it, (whereby it refifteth, and holdeth faft in fomeé degree'the firft Form or Confiftence ) it is ¢ all that while ) Crude anc Inconco&, andthe Procefs is to be called Crudity and Inconcottion. Ut is tru
| that Conco@ion is in'great part the work of Hear; but not the work of Hi alone: For all things that further the Converfion or Alteration (as Mixture of a Body already concotted, 8c.) are alfo means to Concoftion.
—— —+--- = ——— ee ee . aad, ‘
C entry EX:
ere are of eh ese two Periods; the one Affimilation; or abfolute ‘Converfion and Subaétion ; the other Maturation: Whereof, the former is ‘moft con{picuous in the Bodies of Living Greatures,in which thereis an Abfolute Converfiow and A fimilation of the Nourishment into the Body, atid likewife in the Bodies of Plants; and again, in Mctals,. where there isa full Tranfmu- tation. The other (which is Maturation) is feen in Liquors*and Fruits 5 wherein there is not defired, nor pretended, an utter Converfion, but onely an Alteration to that Form which is moft fought for Mans ufe; as in Clari- fying of Drinks, Ripening of Fruits, &c. But note, thar there be two kindes of eAbfolute Converféons. The one is, when a Body isconverted into another Body which was before; as when Nourifhimencis turned into Flefh : That is i¢ which we call ~Afimilation. The otheris, when the Converfion isinto a Body ‘meerly new, and which was not before ; as if Silver fhould be turned to Gold, or Trento Copper. And this Converfion is better called, by diftinGion cet Tranfmutation.
Here are alfo divers other great alterations of Matter and Bodies, be- fides thofe that tend to Concodtios and (Maturation ; for whatfoever doth a alter a Body, asitreturneth nor again to that it was, may be called, Alte: ‘ratio Mijor ; As when Maat is Boiled, or Rofted, or Fried, &c: or when ‘Bread and Meatare Baked; or whenChee(e'is made of Curds, ‘or’ Butter | of Cream, or Coals of Wood: ot Bricks of Earth; anda numberof others. But to apply Notions Philofophical to Plebeian Terms; ot tofay, where the No- tions cannot fitly be reconciled, that there wanteth a Term or Nomenclature for it, (asthe Ancients ufed) they be but fhifts of Ignorance : For Knowledge will beever a Wandring and Indigelted thing, if it be but acommixture of afew Notions that areat hand, and o€eur, and not excited from fufficient number of initances,and thofe welicollared. ;
, pig
~The Confiftencies of Bodies are very’ divers c peige ‘Rare, rsigouer Pheite tatical ; Volatile, Fixed ; Determinate, not Determinates Hard, Soft; ‘Cleaving, not Cleaying ; Congelable, not Congelable ¥" Liquefiable, not’ Liquefiable; Fragile, | Tough ; Flexible, Tnflexible ; Tratile, or to be drawn forth’ in length, IatraGile ; Berciss, Solide; Equal‘and Smooth, Vnequal ; Venous and Fibrous, and with’ Grains, Entire, and divers others. All which to referto Heat and Cold, and Moifture and Drought, isa Compendious and Inutile Speculation, “But of there fee prin- Cipally our Abecedarium Nature, and otherwife parfum in this our Sylpa'Syl. yarum, Neverthelefs, in fome good part, we fhalt panels divers of them now prefently. ne oe) OL
tort yi
cauted by the Detention of the Spirits, which play within: the: Body, and open it. " Therefore fuch Bodies as aremore Turgid of Spirit, of that ave their Spirits more ftreightly imprifoned, Of again} thac hold them ber
}Difpoficion not to Liquefie , proceedethfrom the! ‘cafie Emithié on oftthe: Spirits, whereby the groffet‘parts contraét’s and: therefore Bodies Fefiine of pirits, or which part with their Spirits’ more willitigly?! are nor Liguepiable 5 as W ood, Clay, Freeftone, &c. Butyet even many of thofe Bodies that ‘will hotmelt, or willhardly melt, will notwithftanding often ; asIron in the Forges
Lz and not Liquefiablé A beetd front thee elites, ‘Liquefatiow is ever |
j ter pleafed and content, ate Liquefiable > Fot thefe three: Dipofis isions of Bodies | | co arreft the Emiffion of the Spirits. Anexample of ‘the firft rwo Properties |, is in’Metals, and of the latin Greate, Piteh; Sulphut; Batter, Waxy eo Fhe}
179
38395 Experiment Solitary, touching Allrerations which may be called Majors:
— 8406 Experiment
' Solitary,
touching
Bodies Ligue:
friable, and not Liquefiable.
mus
~? ae « a
Naural Hiftory Forge, and a Stick bathed in hot Afhes, which thereby becometh more Flexible. Moreover, there are fome Bodies which do Lignefie or diflolve Fires as Metals, Wax, oc. -and othér Bodies which diflolye in Water; 2 Salt, Sugar, @c, Thecaufe ef the former procecdeth fromthe Dilatation.a | the Spirits by Heat: The caufe of thelatter proceedcth from the opening of the Tangible Parts, which defireto receive the Liquor. Again, there are | fome Bodies that diflolve with both; as Gum, &«. And thofe be fuch Bo lie as onthe one fide have good ftore of Spirit, and on the other fide have the] Tangible parts indigent of Moifture; forthe former helpethto thé dilating of the Spirits by the Fire, and the latter ftimulateth the parts to receive the} Liquor. 61 | 1% o)
i .
oy
S4r. F Bodies fome are Fragile, and fome are Tough and not Fragile; and
Eaperineas O in the breaking; fomeé Fragile Bodies break but wheretheforceis, fome Olitaly >»
me chive the Pilamerants flie inmany pieces. Of Fragility, the caufe is an impotency ta ‘Bodies Fragile} be extended ; andthereforeStoneis more Fragile then Metal; and fo FiGile and Togs | Farthis more Fragile then Crude Earth, and Dry Wood then Green. And| | the caufe of thisunaptnefs to Extention, is the {mall quantity of Spirits (for it} is the Spirit that furthereth the Extenfion or Dilatationof Bodies ;) and it! isever concomitant with Porofity, and with Drinefs in the Tangible parts. | Contrariwife; Tough Bodies have more Spirits , and fewer Pores, and} Moifter Tangible parts :. Therefore we fee, that Parchment or Lea-} ther will ftretch , Paper will not; Woollen-Cloth will renter, Linnen |
{carcely. .. mist’ d VE | 2) E 842. em folid Bodies confift of Parts ot two. feveral Natures ; Prenmaticals | Sait A and Zangible: And it is well to be noted, that the Pnewmatical Sub(tancé |
is in fome Bodies, the Native Spirit of the Body; and in fome other, | plain Air that is gotten in; as in Bodies deficcate, by Heat, or Age: For] in them, ‘when the Native Spirit geeth forth, and the Moifture with it, the Air. .with time gettéethintothe Pores. And thofe Bodies are ever the more} Fragile ; for the Native Spirit is more Yielding and Extenfive (efpecial-, ‘ly.to.follow the Parts) than Air, The Native Spirits alfo admit great diverfity ;..as Hot,,Cold, Adive, Dull, &c.... Whence proceed moft of the Vertues, and,Qualities (as wecall them) of Bodies : Butthe Air in-| | termixt, is;without Vertues,, and maketh things infipid, and without any, -extimulation, ©. ey Ta A ‘rs a
i@ i
4 Pneumaticals din Bodies.
6S
eatithimeteede a. aoe
843 | - Ele Goncrerion of Bodies is (commonly) folved by the contrary ;. as Ice, | essa “[P whichis congealed by Cold, is diflolved by Heat; Salt and Sugar, | olitary, |
touebligt | Whichiaresexcotted by Heat, are diflolved by Gold and Moifture. The | Concretion dria) Caufeds,; for chatthefe operations arerather returns to their formet Nature; | Po satel ‘than alterations; fothatthe contrary cureth. As for Oy], it doth neith jf coer wis fleadily congeal with Cold, nor thicken with Heat: The caufe of both Eff » | though they. be produced by contrary efficients,feemeth to be the fame ; thatis,, becaufe the Spirit of the Oyl, by eiehér means, exhalethlittle: E ‘the Coldkeepeth it,iny; and the Heat; (except it be vehement) doth not | it forth. As for Cold, though it take hold of the Tangible bathed as to ‘Spirits, it-dothirather-make themfwell, than congeal them : As when is congealedina Cup. theilee will (well inftead of contracting, and fe dimes siftesibod lod: io usr mayors Ry yi “| eae
| OEP OL ROaP er
CRG We a
5 di ae
Contry FS
I
ENE Bodies; (ome (we fee) are hard, and fome foft 0 Phe Hare is caufed ‘ (chiefly) by the Jejunenefs of the Spirits ; and theirisn parity with tlie | Tangible parts : Both which, if they be ina greater degrecsmakcth them | not onely hard, but fragile, and les enduring of preffires as Sreel;S1one, Glaff, . Dy Wood, @c. Softnefs cometh (contrariwife) by the greater quantity of Spirits, (which ever helpeth to ‘induce yielding and ceflion ;) “arid by the more equal fpreding of rhe Tangible parts, ‘which thercby are more fliding, ‘and following; asin Gold, Lead, Wax, &c. But note; that foft Bodies (as we ‘ufe the word) are of two kindes’; ‘the one, that’eafily giveth place to an- otherBody, bur altereth not Bulk by rifing in other places; and therefore we fee that Wax, if you putany thing intoir, doth noe rife in Bulk, but onely giveth place: For you may not think, that in Printing of Wax, the Wax rifeth } upatall s but onely. the-depreffed part giveth place, and the otherremainieth asit was. The other thar altereth Bulk inthe Ceffion, as Water, or other
"place, ahd norin Body.
Wool, and Tow that will be drawn into Yarn or Thred; have inthem the Appetite of Nor difcontinuing, ftcong ; which maketh them follow the foree thatpulleth them out ; and yet fo. as nor difcontinue or forfake their
Lown Body. Vifcous Bodies (likewife) as Pitch, WVae, Birdlime, @héefetoatted,
| will draw forth endroap. But the difference between Bodies fibrous, and
Bodies vifcous, is plains: Forall Wooll, aad Tow, and Corton, and Silk
_} (efpecially raw Silk) have, befides their defire of continuance; in regard of
: the tenuity of their Tnred, a greedinels of Moifture, and by Moifure to
‘| joymand incorporate with other Thred, efpecially, iftherebea little Wreath.
of ting, as appeareth by the twifting of Thred , and the practice’of: Twirling
i; about of Spindles. And wefee alfo, that Gold and Silver Thredcannot be : -made without Twifting. | , lo Gintanup oP
.
3g Li Bodies Duftile, and Tenjile, (as Metals) that will be drawn into Wires ; i
eer
He differences of impreffible, and riot impreffible ; figurable, and not
1° figurable; mouldable, andnot meuldable; feiflible, and not fciffible;
- qand many other Paflions of Matter; are Plebeian Notions, applied unto the ‘# Inftruments and Ufes which Men crdinarily pradife 5’ but they are all but the 4 effedts of fome of thefe caufes following, which we will enumerate without | applying them, becaufe that would betoolong. The firft is the'Ceffion; or
_j not Ceflion: of Bodics, into'a{mallér {paces or toom, ‘Keeping the outward
Bulk; and nor flyingup. The f{econdis; the ftronger or weaker Appetite, in
4 Bodies,;to continuity, andto flie difcontinuity. The third is, the difpofition
of Bodies, to contract; or not contrat; and agains toextend, of not extend: The fourth is, the fmall-quantity, or great quantity of the Paeumatical in
_{Bodies. Tae fifthis, the nature of the Pneumatical, whether it be Native
Spirit of the Body, or common Air. The fixth is, the Nature of the Native
_‘4Spirits inthe Body, whether they be Attive, and Eagety or Dullaxd’ Gentle.
4 The feventhisythe emiffion ordetenfion of the Spirits in Bodies Theeighth
Fis, the dilatation ot contraGtion of the Spiritsin Bodies,’ while thicy are dee
] collocation be equal or unequal; and again, vvhether the Spirits be coacer- } vate or diffafed. Thetenthis, thedenfity of rarity of the Tangible parts. Scrty> | ih) Stee Sa Py et =
844. Experiment Solitary, touching Hard and Soft Bodies.
‘Liquors, if you put a Stone, or any thing into them, they give place (in- | } deed) eafily, bur then they tife all over; which is afalfe Ceflion; for it is in
845. Experiment | J Solitary, touching’ > Bodies Duftile and Tenfile.
846. Experiment Solitary> touching Other Pafi- & ons of Matter, — and CharaGersF: of Badiete
tained. Tnenineth is, the collocation of ‘the Spirits in Bodies; vyhether the |
5 . : ¥ sd ae 2 cn at ” 2 _Natral Fiiftory ; i Wig . . ‘ ba hd
p i en nn ORI TRON NDA RET STRRS NE = eres ne et the eleventh is the Equality or Inequality of the Tangible parts ; the | twelfth is the Difgeftion or Crudity of the Tangible parts ; the thirte all is the Nature of the Matter, whetherSulphurcous, or Mercurial, or Wat ye or Oily, Dry, and Terreftrial; or Moift andLiquid ; which Natures of Sulphureous and. Mercurial, feem to be Natures Radical and Principal; fourteenth is the placing of the Tangibleparts, in Length orl mata €(a itis inthe Warp, and the Woof of Textiles;) more inward ormore out || ward, &e. Thefifteenthisthe Porofity or Imporofity betwixt the Tang ble | | parts, and the greatnefsor {mallnefs of the Pores; the fixteenth is the Col, | ans and pofture of the Pores. Fhere may be more caufes, but thefedo [occur forthe prefent.- 9. 3) ; ‘hee
$45. Ake Lead and meltit, andinthe midft of it, whenit beginneth tocon- Experimeiit geal, make a little dint or hole, and put Quick-filver wrar edin;a Pectin _| piece of Linnen into that hole, and the Quick-filver will fix, Bs |
Indwrarion by| More, and, endure the Hammer. This is anable inftance of Induration, } Sympathy. * | by confent of one Body with another, and Motionof Excitation toimitate ; | | | for to afcribe it onely to the vapor of the Lead, is Iefs probable. ain whether the fixing may be ‘in fuch adegree, asi will be figured like other |
Metals 2 For if fo, you may make Works of it for fomepurpofes, fo they |
come not near the Fire. aes “ot eld
/ ot Est 3 non sie 848. | QUgar hath put down the ufe of Honey, infomuch, as we have loft thofe | | Experiment S obfervations and preparations of Honey, which the eAncients had, when | //Solety | it was more in price. Firft, it feemeth, thatthere was inold time Tree-honey, } | Broney ea || as wellas Bee-honey, which was the Year or Blood itluing fromthe Tree s| Sugar. | infomuch, as one of the Anciengs relateth, that in 7 ribefond, there was/Honey | iffuing from the Box-trees, which made Men mad. Again, inancient time, | | there was a kinde of Honey, which either of the own Nature, orbysArt, | would grow as-hardas Sugar, and was not fo lufhious as ours ;_ they. had | alfo a Wine of Honcy, which they made thus. They crufhed the Honey in-| to a great quantity of Water, and then ftrained the liquor, after they boil-| edit in a Copper to the half ; then they poured it into Earthen Veffels for!} afmalltime, and.after turned itinto Veffels of Wood, and kept it for mamy'| .. | yeats. They havealfo, at this day in Rufiia, and thofe Northern Countréys,|} °| Mead Simple, which. (well made and feafoned)-is a good wholefor Drink, and very clear. ee | ufe alfo in Wales, a Compound Drink of | Mead, with Herbs and Spices. But mean while it were good, inrecompente fh of that wehave loft in Honcy, there were brought inufe.a Sugar-Adcad (for'} fo we may call it} though without,any mixture ar all of Honeys and to ae brew it, and keep it itale, as they ule Aéead ; for certainly, thoughitwould} not be fo abfterfive, and opening, and folutive a Drink as Asad ; yetirwill)| bemore grateful tothe Stomack,. and more lenitive, and fic to be ufed fhatp Difcafes: Forwe fee, thatthe ufe of Sugar in Beer and Ale,hath ge
effectsinfuch. cafes: -
| }t is reported by the w4ncienss, that there is akinde of Steel,in fom A. which would) polifh almoft as\-white and, bright as Silver: . And
| there was-:in India akinde. of Brafs;. which (being polifhed) could fear
| difcerned from Gold. ‘This was inthe Natural,Ure, but Iam d
| whether Mer have. fufficiently refined Metals, which we count B
whether Irony: Brafs, and ‘Tin, be: refined to the height ? But w’
Finer fort of Bafe Metals.
F ; cf i
eens
ma) t
- , , . - <acres ——— ——
Century 1X. [483
—————— ain
‘tcome to fuch a finenefs, as ferveth the ordinary ufe; they try no, {fucther. et | | al JegoHere have been found cértain Cements urider Earth, thatarevery foft, 850: T and yet taken forth in:othe Sun; harden as hard as Marble: There are eaosprne Jalfo ordinary Quarries in Sommerfer-shire, which inthe Quarry cut foft to focal any bignefs, andin the Building prove firm, and hard. | Cements and : a a Se Tying Creatures (generally) do change the'r Hair with Age, turning to_ 8516 | By be Gray and White; as is feen in Aen, though fome earlier, fome Exrenmen ‘|later; in orfes, thatare Dappled and turn White ; in Old Squirrels, that turn route | Grifly, and many others. So do fome Birds; as Cygnets from Gray turn erat | White; Hawks. from Brown turnmore White: And fome Sirds there be, Te | that upon their Moulting, do turn Colour ; as Robin- Redbrefts, after their | Feathers. ‘| Moulting grow to be Red again bydegrces ; fo do Gold-Finches upon the ‘| Head. The caufe is, for that Moifture doth (chiefly) colour Hair, and Fea- | thers; and Drynefs turneth them Grayand White; now Hairin Age wax- eth Dryer, fo do Feathers. Asfor Feathers, after Moulting, they are young | Feathers, and fo all oné as the Feathers of young Birds. So the Beard is younger than the Hair of the Head, and doth (for the moft part) wax hoary later. Out of this pround,’a Man may devife the Means of altering the co. lour of Birds,and the Retardation of Hoary-Hairs. But of thisfee the Fifto
Experiment. .
: 2 Frc | oP He difference betweet Asse and Female, in {ome Creatures, is nottobe| 852. difcerned, otherwife than inthe partsot Generation ; as in Horfesand Serie | Mares, Dogs and Bitches, Doyeshe and fhe, and others. But‘fome differ in Be chivgehe magnitude, and that diverfly : Forinmoftthe Maleisthe greater, as in ALan, | Diferencesof | | Pheafants, Peacocks, Turkies, andthe like ; and infome few, asin Hawés, the a aera Female.Some differ in the Hairand Feathers, bothin the quantity,crifpation, land Female. | and colours of them ; as He-Lions are Hirfuite, and have great Mains; the She’s arefmooth like Cas. Bulls are more ctifpupon the Forehead than Cows ; the Peacock, and Phefant-cock,and Goldfinch-cock, have glorious and fine colouiis ; the Hens have not. Generally,the he’s in Birds have the faireft Feathers.Some differ indivers features ; as Buckshave Horns, Dees none; Rams have more | wreathed Horns than Evvs; Cocks have great Combs and Spurs, Hens little | ornone; BoarshavegreatFangs, Sovvs muchlefs; the Turkey-cock hath great | | and {welling Gills the Hewhathlefs ; A¢enhave generally deeper and ftronger | | voices than /Yomen. Some differ in faculty, as the Cockhamongtt Singing Birds, | arethe beft fingers. Thechief caufe of all thefe (no doubt) is, for that the | A4ales have more {trength of heat than the Females; which appeareth mani- | feftly in this, that all young Creatures Asses are like Females; and foare Eu: | nuchs, and Gelt Creatures of all kindes, liker Females: Now heat caufeth ereat- jnefs of growth, generally, where there is moifture enoughto work upon: | But if there be found in any ‘Creature (which is feen rarely) an over-great heat in proportion to the moifture, in them the Female is the greater; as | in Haveks and Sparrovys. And if the heat be ballanced with the moifture, then there is no difference to be feenbetween CWale and Female; as in the jinftances of Horfesand Dogs. We fee alfo, thatthe Horns of Oxen and Covys; \for the moft part, are larger than the Bulls, which is cauf:d by abundance of moifture, which inthe Horns of the Bull faileth, Again, Heat caufeth Pilofity, and Crifpation ; and folikewife Beards in Wen. Ic alfo expelleth = 5 7 finer
853. Experiment Solitary, touchiug the Comparative Magnitude of Living Crea-
| tures.
se
| Experiment
| be abundance of moifture; forthatthe Coar, and Stone, are madeof adry |
| have little or no Coars, and Stones.
if ete is a thing of great price, if itbe in requef. For an Acte of it)
| make Zobacco more Atomatica), and betterconcodted. here in Zingland, were |
ee he, .
Natural Hiflory ; eae “a
md an
finermoi{ture, which want of heat cannot expel; and thatis the caufe of the beauty and variety of Feathers: Again, Heat doth put forth many Ex. cre(cences, and much folid matter, which want of Heatcannor do. And this isthe caufe of Horns; and of the greatnefs of them 3 andof the greatnefs o} the Combs; and Spurs of Cocks, Gills of Turkey-Gocks, and Fangs of Ba ts. Heat alfo dilareth the Pipes and Organs which caufeth the deepnefs of the Voice. Again, Heat refineth the Spirits, and that caufeth the Cock-finging| Bird toexcel the Hen, ae \ i , ; L- Here be Fifhes greater than any Beafts ; as the Whale is far greater than} A the Zlepbant. And Bealtsare (generally). greater than Birds. For Fifhes,} the caufemay be, thar becaufe they live not in the Air, they have nor their moifture drawn, and foaked by the Air; and Sun-Beams. Alfo they reft al-_ ways, in.amanner, and are fupported by the Water; whereas Motion and Labor doconfume. As for thegreamefs of Beafts, morethan of Birds, iris| caufed, for that Beafts ftay longer time inthe Wombthan Birds, and there} nourifh, and grows whereas in Birds, afterthe Egg laid, there is no furcher | growth, ornourifhment from the Female ; for the fitting doth yivifie; and} not nourifh, ) : Fn MA “ ie
W'§ have partly touched before the Means of producing Fruits; with: | V_ ovt Coars, or Stones. And this we add further, that the caufe mitt | Sap: And we fee,that it is poffible to make a Tree put forth onely in Bloflom} without Fruit ; asin Cherries with double Flowers, much morein Fruit withe} out Stones, or Coars. It is repored, thata Cions of an Apple, grafted} upon a Colewort-ftalk, fendeth forth’a greatApple withoutaCoar, It isnot} unlikely, that if the inward Pith of a Tree were taken our, fothat the Juyce } came onely by the Bark, it would work the effe&t. For it hath been obferved,| that in Pollards, if the Water get in on the top, and they become hollow, | they put forth the mere. Weaddalfo, that itis delivered for certain by fome, | that if the Cions be grafted, the {mall ends.downwards, it will make Fruit}
Ae ates B 1
will be worth (asis affirmed) Two hundred pounds by the year to-} wards charge. The charge of making the Ground, and otherwife, is great, | but nothing to the profit. But the £ng/ish Tobacco hath {mall credit, as be- | ing too dull.and earthy : Nay, the Virgintan Tobacco, though that bein a] hotter climate, can get no.credit for the fame caufe. Sothata tryal to}
athing of great profit. Some have gone about to doit, by drenching the } English Tobacco, ina DecoGion or Intafion of Indian Zobacce. But chofeare | bur fophiitications and toyes; for nothing that is once perfe&t, and hath | run his race, can reccive much amendment; you muft.ever refort tothe ; beginnings of things for Melioration. The way of. Maturation of Zobacco |. mutt (as in other Plants) be from the Hear, either of the Earth, or of the ] | Sun. We fee fome leading of this in Musk-Melons, which are } upon a hot Bed, dunged below; upon a Bank turned upon the South to give Heat by Refletion; laid upon Tiles, which increafeth the andicovered with Straw, to keep them from Cold; they remove t
which addeth fome Life: And by thefe helps.they become as.
_ ae ow a |
ONE ara LC AO A
Century I X ; |
=v
| s .
| England, as in Jraly, or Provence. -{hele and the like means may be tried ia -fobacco. Enquire alfo of the {teeping of Roots, in {dine fuch Liquor, as thay | - give them Vigor to put forth {tcong.
1 w WSacof theSun, for the Muurition of Fruits; yea; and rhe heat of Vi- H vification of Living Crearures, are both reprefented and fuipplied by the heat of Fire} and likew-fe, the hears of ihe Sun, and life, ace reprefcnted fone bythe other, ees, fet upon the Backs of Chiiineys, do tipen Fruit fooner. Fines, that have been drawn in at the Window of aKirchin, have | fent forth Grapes; ripe a moneth (at leat) before others. Stoves, at tue Back 1 of Walls, bring forrh Oreages here withus. Eggs, as is reported by fome, have ) been hatched in the Warmch of an Oven, Itis reported by the Ancients, that | the Erich layech her Eggs under Sand, where the heat of the Sun difclofeth
‘them. "
Experiment Solitary, touching, Several Heats working the fame Effettte
| .
| ae yan fs ‘ Arty in the Boyling fwelleth not mich; Wheat fwelleh more, RiXe ex- B trreamly 3 inforuch, as a quarter of a Pint cunboiled) will arife to a Pint boiled. Thecaufe (no doubr) is, for that the more clofeand compada the Body is, the more ic will dilate. Now Barley is the matt hollow, Wheat miore folid than that, and Rize moftfolid of all. Ic may be alfoj that tome | Bodies have akinde of LLentor, and more depertible nature than others ; as awe fee it evident in colouration ; for a {mall quantity of Saffron, willtin&
‘}more, than a very great quantity of Brefil, or Wine. ieee ;
GRBs Experiment Solitary, touching Swelling and Dilatation. in Boyling.
¥ ‘ 4 .
REP
858. anes Solitary, | touching the | Dulcoration of Fruits.
| W7> Rait growerh (weet by Rowling or Prcffing theni getitly with the Hand; 1] FE: Rowling Pears, Damafins,Gc. By Rottennef; as CMedlars, Services, Sloes, | Heps, &c. By Time 5 as Apples, Wardens, Pomegranates, Gc. By certain 4] fpecial AZaturatious ; as by laying them in Hyy, Straw, crc. Andby Fire; as ‘Vin Rosfting, Stewing, Baking, &c. The caute of the {weernefs by Rowling, _jand Preffing is, Emollition, which they properly enduce ; as in beating of ‘| Stock-fish, Flesh, Gc. By Rottenneff is, for that the Spirits of the Fruit, by Putre- | fa&tion, gather hear, and thereby difgeft the harder part: For in all Pujrefaai-
ons thereisadegreeof heat. By Zime and Keepingis, beeaufe the Spirits of ‘|the Body, do ever feed upon the tangible parts, and attenuate them. By | feveral Maturations is, by fomedegree of heat. And by Fireis, becatfe itis _|the proper work of Heat to refine, and’ to incorporate ; and all fournefs 4 confifteth in fome grofsnefs of the Body: Andall incorporation doth make _| the mixture of the Body, more equal, ‘in all the parts, which everenduceth |a milder tatte.
‘
859. Experiment Solitary» touching Fle{h Edible, and nos Edi- ble.
1 Fieshes, fome aré edible} fome; except it be in Famine, not. Ass | thofe thar are not edible, the caufe is, for that they have (commonly ) -|too much bitternefs of tafte; and therefore thofe. Creatures; which are | fierce and'cholerick, are not edible; as Lions, VYalyes, Squirrels; Dogs, Foxes; | Horfes, oc. As for Kine, Sheep, Goats, Deer, Swine, Conneys, Hares; OX. | We feethey are milde, and fearful: Yet itis true, that Horfes whichare | Beafts of courage, have been and are eaten by fome Nations; asthe Scythians | “| Were called: Hippophagi ; and the Chinefes eat Hotf-fiesh at this day 3 ahd | ‘jfome Glutrons havenfed to have ‘Colts-ficth baked. In Birds, fuch as are | : Carnivore; and Birds of Prey, are commonly no good Meat ; but the réa- | fon is, rather the Choletick Nature of thofe Bitds; than their Feeding up- fon Ficths for Puitt, Gulls, Shoyelér, Ducks, do feed upon Flefh, and yetare | >: bahy ae Oe Tee ES,
| touching the | Contrary opes
|
|
860.
Experiment
Solitary;
touching the Salamander.
Bai...
Experiment
Solitary,
rations of | Time, upon
Fruits ana | Liquors,
86 2.
, Experiment
| Solitary...)
|
‘
|
touching: lo.
Blowsand .
Bruifess. )\%
a | | Natural Hike. iia " , 7
Secondly, Becaufe no Living Creature, that dieth o
vt )
ry CO te es See a een ss
~
5 By good Meat. And we fee, that thofe Birds which are of Prey, or fee upon Fleth, are good Meat, when they are very Young; as f/ax hs, Rook, out of the Neft, Owls. Mans flefhis not eaten. , The Reafons are three. Firft, Becaufe Men in Humanity do abhor ir. eer re :
f itfelf, is good tc eat ; andthereforethe Cannibals (themfclves) eat no Mans flefh, of thofe that dic of themfclves, but of fuch as are flain. iu. ann i * The third is, Becaufe there muft be generally) fome difparity between the Nourifhment, and the Body nourifhed; and they muft not be overnear, | or like: Yet we fee, that ingreat weaknefles andConfumptions, Men have.
,
{
been (uftained with Womans Milk. And Picinusfondly (as 1 conceive) ad- vifeth, for the Prolongation of Life, that a Vein be opened in the Armof !fome wholfome young man, and the blood tobe fucked, It is faid, that Witches do greedily eat Mans flefh, which if it betrue, befides a deyillifh’ Appetite in them, itis likely to proceed ; “for that Mans flefh may fend up high and pleating Vapors, which may ftir the Imagination , and Witches. felicity is chiefly in Imagination, ashath been faid. ihe a ai maHere is an ancient received Tradition of the Salamander, that it liveth | 'E in the Fire, and hath force alfo to extinguifh the fire. It muft have two } things, if it betrue, to this operation. Ihe one, avery clofeskin, whereby | fame, which in the midftis not fo hot, cannotenter : Fort we fee, thatif th Palm of the Hand be anointed thick with White of Eggs, and then quavite be poured uponit, and enflamed, yet one may endure the flame a pretty while. Theotheris fome extream cold and quenching vertue, in the Body'}
| of that.Creature which choaketh:the fire. We fee that Milk quencheth | Wildfire betterthan VVater,becaufeit cntrethbetter. = |. jf Ime doth change Fruit (as eApples, Pears, Pomegranates, &c.) frommore |
T four to more feet; .but contrariwife, Liquors (even thofe that are of | the Juyce of Bruit) from.more fweet.to more four; as, Wort, -Muft, New |
Verjuyce, ec. The caufe is, the Congregation of the Spirits together; for] | in both kindes, the Spirit is attenuated by Time s but in the firftkinde, itis | | more diffufed, andmore mattered bythe grofler parts, which the Spiritsdo | | but digeft: But in Drinks the Spirits do reign, and finding lefs oppofition | | of the parts, become themfelves more Strong, which caufeth alfo more | | ftrength in the Liquor ;, fuch, as if the Spirits be of the hotter fort, the Li- | | quor becometh apt to burn; but in time, it caufeth likewife, when the higher } | Spirits are evaporated more fourneds. oStopsrabsli sical
onl
-T hath been obferved bythe Ancients, that Plates of Metal, and. efpeeially | of Brafs, applied prefently to a blow, will keep it down from fwel ing. | The caufe is Repercuffion, without Humectation, or entrance of any Body: For the Plate hath onely, a virtual. cold, which doth notfearch into the hu whereas all Plaifters and Oynmentsdo enter, Surely, the caufe that bk and bruifes induce fivellings is, for that the Spirits reforting tofuccor the partthat Jaboreth, draw allo the humors with them’: For welee, thanitis not the repulfe, and the returnof the humor in the part ftrucken thatca feth it; forthatGouts, and Teothachs caufe fwelling,, where thercisno, Pers
Pe
cuffion at all. ; 18 ; bX a 7935 teeeh web bar am RN 2 | Gif Shibow Tin), cedar’, bi cho 1o.o7 aeiedgi fo 2; vi Vader “bday bas’ ol aoga beet ob iia, ..iiadely alvdy ania sob. Dowd : wl beens i ‘ ) se hiinle a i Poet aes ; Pan. Se FA a A NN LT RIE ST Ta a ae
ie @
— a eS hi an te
Sane, Centary 1X. 187
15 1 ESN EAE AT A RR He Pal |
{ He nature of the Orris Root, isalmoft fingular, for there be few odo. _. 863: , | | B riferousRootss andinthofe that are in any degree feet, it is but che Ears | —Hame fiveetneis vith the Wood or Leaf: But the Orrsis notfivect in the touching che | (Leaf, neither isthe f lower any thing fo fveetas the Root. The Rootfeem- 97% eth to have atender dainty heat, which when it cometh above ground to the Sun, and the Air, vanifieth: For itis a gecat Mollifier, and hath a fmell
like a Violet. | Ay | Boa? 4 ie hath been obferved by the Ancienss* that agreat Veflcl full, drawn into ‘ soe
Va : Sieh Ae : 5 xperiinent j
Bottles; and then the Liquor putagain into the Veffel, willnot fillthe Soliray, — | | Veffel again, fo fullas it was, but thatit may take in more Liquor; and that touching the | | thisholdeth more in Wine, thanin Wat€r. The caufe may be trivial, name- ete a | ly, by the expence of the Liquor, in.regard fome may {tick to the fides of | | the Bortles: But there may be a caufe more fubtil, which is, thatthe Liquor | in the Veffels sis not fo much compreffed, as inthe Bottle; becaufe in the | Veffel, the Liquor meeteth with Liquor chiefly ; butinthe Bottles, a {mall | quantity of Liquor meeteth with the fi ics of the Bottles, which comprefs it
fo, that it doth not open again. ;
ee eS
/ "Ww TAter being contiguous with Air, coolethit, but moifteneth itnot,| 865. except it Vapor. The caufe is, for tha: Heatand Cold have a Virtual | Experinient
+ Traffition, without Communication of fubftance, but moifture not; and eke the | to all madefa@ion there is required an imbibition: But where the Bodies Working of
| are of fuchfeveral Levity, and G-avity, as they mingle not,they can follow 4% "Fe",
| no imbibition. And therefore, Oyl likewife licth at the top of the Water, cite
without commixture ; And adrop of Water running fwiftly over a Straw
_orfmooth Body, wettethnot. . |
| Q'°Tarlight Nights, yea, and bright Moonshine Nights, are colder than Cloudy | 866. S Nights. Thecaule is, che drinefs and Finenefs of the Air, which thereby Experiment becometh more'piercing and fharps and therefore great Continentsare (20) he
| colder than Iflands. And as forthe Adon, though it felf inclineth the Air to ‘ature of
moifture, yet when it thineth bright, it argueth the Airis dry. Alfo clofe
Air is warmer than openAir, which (it may be) is; forthat the true caufe of
cold, is an expiration fronithe Globe of the Earth, which in openplaces is
: ‘ftronger. And again, Air itfelf, if it be not altered by that expiration, is
| not withoutfome fecret degree of heat; asit is notlikewife without fome
fecret degree of Light: For otherwife Cas, and Owls, could not fee in the
| Night ; batthat Airhatha little Light, -proportionable to the Vilual Spirits
of thofe Creatures. . anette: Vabion a
£ ,
2
a ee
ra tHe Eyes do move one andthe fame way; for whenone Eye rnoveth | 867. |
= te the Noftril, the other moveth from the Noftril. The caufe is Motion F*peniments | of Confent which in che Spirits and Parts Spiritual, is ftrong. But yet ufe will Rouching che inducethe contrary ; forfome can {quint when they will. Andthe common Eyes and
| Pratition is, thatif Children, be fet upon a Table, with aCandle behinde 8” them, both Eyeswill move outwards, as affe@ing to fee the Light, and fo
induce Squinting. == 9) Py pa vy Nae
-~ We feemore exquifitely with one Eye fhut, than wichboth open. The | 868. \eaufe is, for that the Spirits Vifual unite themfelves:more, and fo become OM : , | ronger.
——
me ..
’ CG ’ ‘i y cli . Ae yo . . ew) * . a ; eee.’ ts ae “. 7
. y 7.
Natural Hifloys
set iene
2 |
itronger. Foryou may {ce, by looking ina Glats, that when you {hur one Eye, the Pupilof the other Eye, thatisopen, dilaresh. co Toe Eyes, if the fightmeer nor in one Angie, feethings double. The
| canfeis, for that (ecing two things, and (eeing one thingtwice, worke h the fame effee&t: And therefore alittle Peller, held berween two F.ngers, laid a}
39 XN —
crofs,feemethdouble. ong Pore-blind Men, fee beft in the dimmerlight; and likewife have their] fight ftronger néar hand, thanthofe that are not Poreblind, and can read and write {maller Letters. The caufeis, for that the Spirits V.fual, in thofe| | that are Poreblind, are thinner and rarer, than indtherss and therefore the) | greater light difperfeth them. For the fame canfz they need contracting 5] | but being contraéted; are more {trong than the Vilual Spigits of ordinary eyes | are; as when we fee thorowaLeveél, the fight isthe ftronger: And fois ir, | | when you gather the Eye-lids fomewhat clofe: And itis commonly feenin | | thofe that are Poreblind, that they do much gather the eye-lids together, | But old Men, when they would fee toread, put the Paper fomewhat a far off, | The caufe is, for that old Mens Spirits Viiual; contrary to thofe of Pore: | blind Men unite nor, but when the obje& is atfome good diftance from cheir}
ry
co Ni to)
Eyes. ¢ ae i Men fee better when their Eyes ate ovet-againft the Sun or aCandle, if | they put their Hand a little before their Eye. The Reafonis, for thatthe | Glaring of the Sun, or the Candle, doth weaken the Eye ; whereas the Light } 2 circumfufed is enough for the Perception. For we fee, that an over-lieht | . maketh the Eyes dazel, infomuch as perpétual looking againft che Suny} would eaufe Blindnefs. Again, if Men come our ofa ercat light, into a} dark room; and contrariwife, if they come out of a darkroom intoalght | room, they feem to havea Mift before their Eyes, and fee worfe than they | fhall doafter they have ftaid alittle while, either in the light, or in che dark, | The caufe is, for that the Spirits Vifual, are upon a fudden change difturbed, | | and put out of order; and till rhey be recollected, do not perform their | | Fun@ion well. For when they are much dilated by light, they cannot con-} tract fuddenly; and whenthey are much contracted by darknefs; they cannot} i dilate fuddenly. And excefs of both thefe, (chatis, of the Dilatation, and} ! Contraétion of the Spirits Vifual) if it be long, deftroyeth the Eye. For as] | long looking againft the Sun, or Fire, hurteth the Eyeby Dilatation, fo ct | ous painting in {mall Volumes, and reading of fmall Letters, do hurt theEye| by contraétion. i} Tees | lt hath been obferved, that in Anger the Eyes wax red; and in Blufh-| ing, not the Eyes, butthe Eats, and the parts behind them. | The canieis, for | | that in Anger, the Spitits alcend and wax eager; which is moft eafily feenin} | the Eyes, becaufe they are tranflucide, though withal it maketh. both the Checks, andthe Gils red; butin Blufhing, it is true, the Spirits afcendlike- wife to fuccor, both the Eyes and the Face, which are the parts that labors But when they are repulfed by the Eyes, for that rhe Eyes, in {liame do ut back the Spirits that afcend to them, as unwilling tolook abroad: Fort Man; inthat paffion, doth look ftrongly, but dejectedly , and that repulfion from the Eyes, diverteth the Spirits and heat more tothe Ears, and the parts by thems) 2it 269 3of OFS ban” 2oTeMwIHO SvOi i Ties eae The abjeés of the Sight, may caufe a great pleafure and delight i Spirits, but nopain or great offence; except itbeby Memory, as ha faid, The Glimpfesand Beams of Diamonds that ftrike the Eye, -/ thers, that have glorious colours, the coming inte 4 fair Garden, the ¢
4 ia
ee = a Se ee Seer — a i
Commy TX
Tinto afaic Room richly furnifhed; a beautiful perfon, and the like, do de- Yilight and exhilarare the Spirits much. The teafon, why it holdeth not in | | che offence is, for chat the Sight is moft fpiritual of the Senfes; whereby it hath no obje& grofs enough to offend ir. But the caufe (chiefly) is, for | that there be no a€tive objects to offend the Eye. For Harmonical Sounds, | { and Difcordant Sounds, are both Aétive and Pofitive; foare {weet {mells, | and ftinks ; foarebitter,; and fweets, intaftes : fo are over-hot, and oyer- { cold, intouchs but blacknefs, and darknels, are indeed but privatives ; and | therefore have little or no AGtivity. Somewhat they docontriftate,; but very Phil, |
a. 1
WT Aer of the Sea, or otherwile, looketh blacker when itis moved; and : ¥ whiter when icrefteth. Thecaufeis, for that by means of the Moti- Jon, the Beams of Light pafs not ftraight, and therefore muft be darkned; ‘| whereas when itrefteth, the Beams do pafs ftraight, Befides, fplendor hath a | degree of whitenefs, efpecially,if there be alittle repercuffion; fora Look- } ing-Glafs with the Sceel behinde, looketh whirer than Glafs fimple. This | Experiment deferveth co be driven further, in trying by what means Motion | ‘|may hinder Sight, | |
874. Experiment Solitary, - touching the Colour of the Sea, ov other Water,
ize Hell-fish have been by fome of thee Ancient#, compared and forted with
JD the Jnfeda; burl fee no reafon why they fhould, for they have Male, hee ‘}and Female, as other Fifi have 5 neither aretheybred of Putrefaction, c{pe- | Solitary,
| cially fachas domove. Neverthclefs itis certain, that Oyfters; and Cockles, Sage and Muffels, which move not, have not difcriminate Sex. Quere; in what |
4 time, andhowthey arebred? Ie feemeth, that Shells of Oyiters are bred _|wherenonewere before; and itis tryed, thatthe great Horfe-Mufle, with the
} fine thell, that breedeth in Ponds, hath bred within thirty years: But then,
i whichis ftrange, it hath beentryed, that they donot onely gape and fhut as
| the Oyftersdo, but remove from one place to another,
| ope Seafes are alike trong, both on thetight fide, and on the left; but the 7 876.
‘| & Limbs onthe right fide are ftronger. "The caufe may be, for thatthe | Experiment 1Brain, which is the Inftrument of Senfe, is alike on both fides ; but Motion, | Solitary, ‘ Jand habilities of moving, ate fomewhat holpen from the Liver, which lieth ee pee and | fon the right-fide. - It may be alfo, for that the Senfes are putin exercife, in |she Left, | ‘| differently on both fides from the time of ourBitth ; burthe Limbs are ufed | mofton the right fide, whereby cuftom helpeth: For we fee; that fome are
| left-handed, which are fach ashave ufed the left-hand moft.
) [LD Rittions make the parts more flefhy, and full: As we fee bothin Men, and | | FE in the Currying of Horfes,&c. Thecaufeis, for that they draw greater. | quantity of Spirits and Bloodto the parts; and again, becaufe they draw the | 4 Aliment more forcibly from within; and again, becaufe they relaxthe Pores, Jand fo mzke better paffage for the Spirits, Blood, and Aliment: Laftly, be- ‘jcaule they diffipate, and difgeft any Inutile, or Excrementitious moifture,. qwhieh Jicth in the Fi. fh; all which help Affimulation, Fridions alfo do, jmore fill and impinguate the Body, than Exercife. The caufe is, forthat in | | Frictions, the inward parts are at reft ; which in exer¢ife aré beaten (many -|times) toomuch: And forthe fame reafon (as we have noted heretofore) } }Galliflaves are fat and flefhy, becaufe they ftir the Limbs more, and the in- | ward parts lefs. . ) A ais
be 1
:
190.
878. Experiment Solitary, touching Globes ap- pearing Flat at diffance,
879. Experiment Solitary, crouching, Shadows.
880. Experiment Solitarys touching the Kowling and Breaking of
the Seas. -
88 Ie Experiment Solitary, touching the
Dulcoration of
| Sale water.
832.
Experiment Solitary, touching the Return of Saltnef? in. Pitsupon the Seafhore.
883. Experiment Solitary, touching _ Aritragion by Similitude of Substances
88.4. Experiment Solitary, touching | Aitrattion,
| all Engravings and Emboffings (a far off) appear p'ain.
{peedily. This is a noble Experiment, if it be true; for it fheweth mean: more quick and eafie Infufionsjand it is: likewife a good inftance of Atrra@ on by a Py Sugar into Wine, partof it above, part under the Wine ; and yo
| foften and diffolvefooner than that within the Wine. The caufe is, fo
"Vs \
—_—
¥ .
Natal Fiiftory ,
LI Globes a faroff, appear flat.') The caufe is, for that diftance, being A fecundary objeé of fight, isnot otherWwife difcerned, than by more 0 lefs light; which difparity, when itcannot be difcerned, all feemeth one Asit is (generally) in objects not diftin@ly difcerned; fcrfo Letters, if they be fo far off, as they cannot bedifcerned, fhew but as duskith Paper; ‘and
, ‘He uttermoft parts of Shadows, feemever totremble. Thecaufe ioe 7 that the little Moats which we feeinthe Sun, do ever ftir, though there beno Wind; and therefore thofe moving, in the meeting of the Light andi the Shadow, from the Light to the Shadow, and from the Shadow tothe Light, do fhew the fhadow to move, becau‘ethe AZdium moveth: a
|
{ }
Hallow and Narrow Seas, break more thandeep and large. The caufeis; forthatthe Inrpulfion being the fame inboth; where there isagreater quantity of Water, and likewife {pace enough, there the Water roulech, | and moveth, both more flowly, arid with a floper rife and fall: But where there is lefs Water, and lefs fpace, and the Water datheth more againftthe bottom; there it moveth more fwiftly, and more jn Precipice: For in the | breaking of the Waves, there isever a Precipice. iat De [tf hath been obferved by thee Ancients, that Salt-warer boiled, ot boiled | and cooled again, is more potable, than of itfelf raw ; and eyeethe tafte | of Salt, im Diftillations by Fire, rifethnot : For the Diftilled Water will be | freth. The caufe may be, forthat the Salt part of the Water, doth partly } rife intoakinde of Scum onthe top, and partly gocth into a Sediment in | the bottom; and fo israthera feparation, thanan evaporation. Butitis too | grofsto rife into a vapor; and fo isa bitter tafte likewife: For fimple diftil | led Waters of Wormwood, and the like; are not bitter. oil
T hathbeen fetdown before, that Pits upon the Sea-shores turn into frefly |
Water, by Percolation of the Salt through the Sand: Bur it is further | noted, by fome of the Ancients, that infomeplaces of Uzfrick, afteratime, | the Water in fuch Pits will become brakifh again. Fhe caufe is, for that} after atime, the very:Sands, thorow which the Salt-Water paffeth, become | Salt j and fo the Strainer itfelf istin¢ted with Salt. Theremedytherefore is | to dig ftill new Pits, when the old wax brackifh; as if you would change | your Strainer. - iwi |
Thath been obferved by the Ancients, that Sals-dater will diffolve Salt"put | into its in lefs time , than Frefh Water willdiflolve it. The caufe may a
|
be, forthat the Salt inthe precedent Water;doth by fimilitude of Subftanees| draw the Sale new put in, untoit; whereby it diffufeth inthe Liquor more})_
Similitude of Subftance. Try it with Sugar put into Water, for fugred, ‘and into other V Vater unfugred. Weleod bee
finde cthat which may feem ftrange) thatthe Sagar above the PH
*
; = ae, * ' Co. yt ee ae
eee
g a. 1
he
- Century I » Wine entreth that part of the Sugar whichis under the Winc, by fim- ‘hp le Infufion or Spreding ; but that part above the Wine is likewife forced \}by Sucking: For all Spongy Bodies expelthe Air, and draw in Liquor, if, ‘fit be contiguous; as welee it alfoin Sponges, putpart above the Water. It iis worthy the inquiry, to feé how youmay make more accurate Infufions, ik yhelpof Attradtion. 10 .
|
. 5 4 2
9 eee
yy Arer in Wells is watmer in Winter thaninSummer; and fo Airin| 8 5.
1 VV Caves. The caufeis, for that inthe higher parts, under the Earth, | Experiment Ithere is a degree of fome heat (as appeareth in fulphurcous Veins, &c.) peed |ayhich fhut clofe in (as in Winter) is the volt 3 but if ic perfpire (asi¢doth ran uae JinSummer) itis the lefs. ! | Se | | Earth,
PE EE Wn
I¥T is reported, that amongft the Leucadians, in ancienttime, upon a fuper-] 886.
A ftition, they did ufe to precipitate a Man from ahigh Cliff into the Sea; pie ates
| tying about him with ftrings, at fome diftance, many great Fowls 5 and fix- fguchigg
Jing unto his Body divers Feathers {pred, to break thefall. Certainly many | Féying inshe
| Birds of good Wing (as Kites, and the like) would bear up a good weight ae
jas they flie ; and {preding of Feathers thin and clofe, and in great bredth,
} will likewife bearup dgreat weight, being even laid without tilting upon | the fides. The further extenfion of this Experiment for Flying, may be | thought upon: e Hoo )
} ep Here is in fome places (namely, in Cephalonia) a little Shrub, which i 887.
| T they call Holy Oak, or Dwarf Osk. Upon the Leaves whereof there | Experiment |rifeth a Tumor, like a Blifters which they gather, and rub ontof it} acer |Seltary, | rain red duft, that converteth (after a while) into Worms, which they kill Dye of Sear with Wine, (as is repotted) when they begin to quicken: With this Duft |/«. | they Die Scarlet. x ; ts ies |
| | YN Zumt, it is very ordinary, to make Menimpotent, to accompany with | 888. — | El sheie Wives The like is practifed in Gafcony, whereitiscalled over f eebiecne | Eguillere. It is praGifed alvvays upon the Wedding day. And in Zant, the \ouching —. | Mothers themfelves doit by vvay of prevention,becaufe thereby theyhinder |ataleficiasing. | other Charms, and can undo their ovvn. Itis a thing the Givil Lew taketh | Knovvledge of, and therefore is of no light regard. Ve
Cs. P Pm Es
better aGlafs, becaufe therein you miay fee the Motion) and feta Candle Pager | lighted in the Bottom of a Bafon of Water; and turn the Mouth of the Pot Setters wl | Or Glafs over the Candle, andit vvill makethe Water rifé. . They afcribe it Rifeof Ware | tothe dravving of heat, ¢vhichis not true: Forit appeareth plainly to be by ateansof buta Motion of Nexé.vvhith they call Nedetur vacuum, and it proceedeth F“™* thus; The Flame of the Carle as foon,as it is covered; being {uffocated | by the clofe Air, leflenett by little and little: Duting vvhich time; thereis fome little afcent of Water, but notmuch; for the Flame occupying lefs and lefs root, as it leffeneth, the Water fucceedet'.. Butupon the inftant’ of the Candles going out, there is afudden rife of agréatdeal of Water; for that that the’ Body of the Flame fillechfiomore placé ; and (o the Air and. | Water fuiceceds tt vvorketh che fame efted, if inftead of Waters you put Flovver,or Sand, into the Bafon: Which fhevveth,thatit is iotthe Flames’ dravving the Liquot, as Nourifhment, as itis fuppofed ; for all Bodies are
(Th isa cotamon Experiment, but the cauleis miftaken. Takeia Pot. (or
a re nn et ee gfe cee Liha yo :
Sa —— Sn ern
192 _ —— Ndbaral Fifeory ; alike uncovit; as it is ever.in motion-of. Nexe ; Bee as I have fee fe | Glafs, being’ held by the hand, hath lifted up the Bafon, andalb:- Ther of Nexe did-foclafp the bottom of the Bafon. Thar Experiment, When Bafon was lifted up, was made with Oy]; and not with Water. Neve: this thisistrue; that atthe very firft fecting of the Month of the Glafs the bottom of the Bafon, jt draweth up the Watera little; and chen ttar de at aftay, almoftrillthe Candles going out, as was faid. This-may fhew for Actractionat firft; bur bE this we will {peak more; when we handle ge ons by Heat. 3! ona) +
fb 4 GE i i eee Experiments | F the Power of the, ahi gts) and what more fectict, tes 5e eens O they have, befides thé two manifeft influences of Heat and Light, .w V Influences of | (hall f{peak, when we handle Experiments touching the Celeffial Bodies : Mear jthe ao — I -while, we will give fome Directions for more certain Trydls of the Vertue | ~ {and Influences of the Moon; which is ourneareft Neighbor, roast The Influences of the Moon (moft. obferved) are four; the draw. forth of Heat; the Inducing of Putrefaction; the increafeof Moiftares th
exciting of the Motions of Spirits. nt, . ie
890. » For the drawing forthof Heat, y we have ae preferibed to tal Water warm, and. to fet part of ir againit the Moon-beams, ond patel with a Skreen between; and tofee whether that which ftandeth expoled t the Beams will not cool fooner. But becaufe this is but a fmall interpofi tion,
(though inthe Sun we fee afmall fhade doth much): it were good to tr when the Moon fhineth; and when the Moon fhineth nor at all; and» ith Water warm in a Glafs-botrle as well as ina Dith, and with Cinders, . | with Iron redshor, &c, | 89te. |. For the inducing of- Putrefacion, it were good totry it ‘with Flefh or 7 Fith expofed to the Moon-beams, and again expofed to the Air’ when the Moon fhineth nor, forthe liketime, to fee whether will corrupt foorsers} {and try it alfo withCapon;or fome other fowl laid abroad, to {ee whethe, it -} will mattifie.and become,tenderfooner. Try it alfo with dead Flies or dem ;
| Worms, having a little Water cat upon them, tofee whether will putre fie }fooner..:Try it allo with an Apple or Orenge, having holes made in’ their tops, to fee whether will rot or mould fooner, , Try it.alfo,with Hettand| Cheefe, having Wine. pur into it, whether it will breed. Mites foongguel or} | greater. 892. $ | © Forthe increafe of hoi. the opinion received i is, that Seeds w Sasa’ grow foonelt, and: Hair, and.Nails,, and Hedges, and Herbs, cut, 8c. will ~ bgrow fooneft, if they be fet or: cut-in‘theincreafe of the Moon; Altos >> | Brains in Rabits, Wood-cocks, Calves, &c. are fullett in the, Full of it sc) Moon 3..and fo of Matrow in the Bones, and fo of Oyfters. and, Cockle = “=. | which of all the reft are the.eafieft tried, if youhavethemin Pits. anil i $93. |. Take fome Seeds, or Roots, (as Onions, é&c.) and fet fome of themim {mediately afterthe Change, and others of the fame kindeimmediatel {the Full:;Lerc them be as. like as.¢an.be, the Earchal(o thefame.as: {may be; ‘and therefore beft in Pots. Let the Pots, alfotand wheren: or Sunmay come tothem, ' Jett the difference of the, Weather confounc | Experiment, “And. then fee jin what, time. che Seeds: fet, . in the.incteate - | Moon,.cometo aicertain briedtsinad how they differ. from thofe thai jane decreafe of: eh: Meaneo ou Nord W. onolsd ora omit Chanda
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It islike, that the Brainof Manwaxeth moifterand fuller uponthe Full! 894, of the Moon; and therefore it were-good for thofe that have moilt Brains, and are great Drinkers, totake fume of Lignum Aloes, Rofemary, Prankincén{e, | @e. abourthe Full of the Moon. It is like alio, that rhe Humors in Mens. | Bodies increafe and decreafe, asthe Moon doth andtherefore it were good | to purge fome day or two after the Ful, for thar then the Humors will
replenith fo foon again. VAG
_ As forthe exciting of the motion of the Spirits; you mutt note, thar the growth of Hedges, Herbs, Hair, &c. is caufed from the Moon, by exciting of the Spirits, as well as by increafe of the moifture. But for Spirits in particular, | thegrcat inftanceisin Lusacies, |
There may be other fecret effeéts of the influence of the Moon, which
‘are not yer brouglit into obfervation. Itmay be, chac if it fo fall our, that the Wind be North or North-Eaft, in theFullof the Moon, it increafeth Cold ; | andif South or South-Wet, ir difpofeth theAirfosa good while to warmth | andrains which would be obferved. | . It may be that Children and young Cartel that are brought forth inthe |, 297. | Fullof the Moon, are ftronger and larger then thofe that are brought forch inthe Wane; and thofe alfo which are begotten in the Fullof the Moon: So that ic might begood Husbandry, to put Rams and Bullsto their Females fomewhat bi fore the Full of the Moon. It may be alfo,, thar the Eggs laid in the Fullof the Moon, breed thebetter Birds and anumber of the ‘| like effe&ts, which may be brought into obfervation. Quere alfo, whe- ther grear Thunders and Harth-quakes be not moft in the Full of the Moon, é | ie
sd
He turning of Wine to Vinegar, is a kinde of Putrefaction ; andin| 898. making of Vinegar, they ufe ro fet Veffels of Wine over againft the | Expesment ‘Noon Sun, which calleth outthe more Oily Spirits, and leaveth the Liquor’ aaa more fourandhard. We feealfo, that Burnt-Wine is more hard and aftrin= | Vinegaz. gent then Wine unburnt. Itisfaid, that Cider inNavigations under the Line
tipeneth, when /Vine or Beerfoureth. It weregood to fera Rundlet of Ver-
juice over again the Sun id Summer, as they do Vinegar, to fee whether ic
‘
_| will ripen and{wecten,
2a be divers Creatures that fleep all Winter 3 asthe Bear, the Hedg=| 899: | B fog, the Bat, the Bee, mc. Thefe all wax fat when they fleep, and egeft | Experiment | Solitarys touching Creatures shat Sleep alt Win- bers
not. The caufe of their fatrening, during their fleeping.time, may be the want of affimilating ; for whatfoever affimilateth not to Flefh, turneth either
; | co fweat or far. "Phefe Creatures, for parcof their fleeping timeshave been | obferved not to ftirat all ; and fortheother part, to ftir, buc not to remove, _and they get warm and clofe places to fleep in. When the Plemmiags wintred ) | in Noya Zembla, the Bearsaboutthe middle of November went to fleep; and | then the Foxes begantocomeforth, which durft not before. Itis nored by fome of the ~Ancients, that the She Bear-breedeth, and licth in with her
| young during thar time of Reft, andthata Bearbig with young; hath feldom
een feen.
900. Experiment ; : Solitary, f | QOme Living Creatures ate procteated by Copulation between Male and |ornnei ie
Female, fome by Putrefaétion j and of thofe which come by Putrefadtion, | creatures by ; Copulating,
t
‘
Maan do (neverthel isp i
many (neverthelefs) afterwards procreateby Copulation. For the caufe \Seaey aaa
_ 9: both Generations : Firft, it is moft certain, that the caufe of all Vivis fasion,
edt ; Sisoh nh. See fications
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¥ . fication is a gentle and proportionable heat, working upon agiuttinous and.
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yielding fubftance ; for the heat doth bring forth Spirir in that fubftance and the fubftance being gluttinous, produceth two effedts; the one, Tha | the Spirit is detained, and cannot break forth; the other, That the matter being gentle and yielding, is driven forwards by the mouion of the §) after {ome {welling into fhape and members. Thercfore all Sperm, all ftruous fubftance, all matter whereof Creatures are produced by Puircfatti- ons have evermore a Clofenefs, Lentor, and Sequacity. It feemeth chercfore that the Generation by Sperm onely, and by Putretaction, have rwodiffe- rent canfes. The firft is, for that Creatures which have a definite and ex al fhape (asthofe have which are procreated by Copulation) cannot be produ- | | ced by a weak and cafualheat; nor out of matter,-which is not exaétly pre- } pared according to theSpccies, The fecond is, for that thereis a gceater time required for Maturation of perfect Creatures; for if the time required } in Vivification be of any length, chen the Spirit will exhale before the Crea-} ture be matures except it be inclofedin aplace whereit may have continu. | ance of the hear, accefs of fome nourifhment to maintain it, and clofenefs | that may keep it from exhaling; and fuch places, or the Wombs and Matri- | ces of the Females: And therefore all Creatures made of Putrefaétion, are | of more uncertain fhape, and are made in fhorter time, and need not{o per- | fe&t an enclofure, though fome clofenefs be commonly required. As for | the Heathen opinion, which was, Thatupon great mutations of the World, | perfeét Creatures were firt ingendred of Concretion, as wellas Frogs, and { Worms, and Flies, and fuch like, arenow; we knowit to be vain: But if} any fuch thing fhould beadmitted, difcourfing according tofenfe, it cannot} be, except youadmit of a Chaos firft, and commixture of Heaven and Earth; | | for the Frame of the World once in order, cannot effec itby any exces or} | cafualty, i | ake
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se, He Philofophy of Pyshagord rien was fullof nee | fition) did fir plant a Monftrous Imagination, which afterwards was, by the School of Plato, and others, watred and nourifhed. It was,~That the World was one
Tyana, a Pythagorean Prophet, pine That the Ebb- ing and Flowing of the Sea wasthe Refpiration of the | World, drawing in Water as Breath, and putting it Bioth again. They went on, andinferred, Thatif the World were a Living | Creature, it hada Soul and Spirit; which alfo they held, calling it Spirisus | Mundi, the Spirit or Sout of che World; by which, they did not intend God, . | (for they did admit of a Deity befides) but onely the Soul, or t flential Fm lof the Univerfe. This Foundation being laid, they might build upon it what | they would; forin a Living Creature, though never for great (asfor example, {in a great Whale) the Senfe and the Affects of any one part of the Body inftantly makea Tran{curfion throughoutthe whole Body: So that by this they did infinuate, that no diftance of place, nor want orindifpofition of | Matter, could hinder Magical Operations ; but that (for example) we jist here in Europe have Senfe and Feeling of that which was done in | China, and likewile, we might work any effect without and againft Matter : | And this not holden by the co-operation of Angels or Spirits, butonely by | the Unity and Harmony of Nature. There were fome alfo that ftaid not ‘there, but went further, and held, That if che Spirit of Man (whom they
H
}cailthe WMicrocofm) do give a fit touch to the Spirit of the World,by ftrong |
Imaginations and Beliefs, it might command Nature ; for Paracelfus, and fome darkfome Authors of Magick, do afcribe to Imagination exalted the Powerof Miracle-working Faith. With thefe vatt and bottomlefs noe Men have becn cin part) entertained.
|
|
entire perfec Living Creature ; insomuch, as eApollonius of |
iVirtues, and the Force of
Experiments in Confort; touching Tran[{mifsion
and Injlux of
immateriate
Imagination.
er mc reppin ne re ple ee, man
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: » AR Le : | 198 | Natural Hiftory ; a | |
Sa an Se ee ee Butwe, thatheld firm tothe Works of God, and tothe Senfe, which is Gods Lamp, (Lucirna Dei Spiraculum Hominis) w ill enquire with all So. | briety and Severity, whether there be to be found in the Foot-fteps of Na- ‘ture any fuch Tranfmiffion and Influx of Immateriate Virtues ; and What the force of Imagination is, cither upon the Body Imaginant, or uj ae another Body: Wherein it will be like that labor of Aercules in purging th \ Stable of eAugeas, to feparate from Superftitious and Magical Arts and Ob. | fervations, any thing that is clean and pure Natural, and not to be eithe | contemned or condemned. And although ‘we fhall have occafion to} | {peak of this in more places tien one; yet we will now make fome entranc =| ; thereinto. 7. oa
| ’
| 901. Meo are tobe admonifhed, thatthey do not withdraw credit teil
Pi
Experitn Operations by Tranfmiffion of Spirits and Force of Imagination, | ie aa | becaufe the eftedts fail fometimes. For as in Infection and Contagion from | cohen Body to Body, (asthe Plague, and the like) it is moft certain, that the In- } | tranfmifion | fe€tion is received (many times) by the Body Paffive, but yet is by the | robe" Frength and good dilpofition thereof repulfed, and wrought out, before it_ | rmagination. be formed into a Difeafe ; fomuchmore in Impreflions from Minde to | Minde, orfrom Spirit to Spirit, the Impreflion taketh, but is encountred | and ovetcome by the Minde and Spirit, which is Paffive, before it work any | manifeft effect : And therefore they work moft upon weak Mindes and Spirits; as thofeof Women, Sick Perfons, Superititious and fearful Per_ |
fons, Children, and young Creatures. . ‘ee
Nefcio quis teneros oculus mibi fafcinat Agnos : ey * ‘9 4
| The Poet fpeakethnotof Sheep, butof Lambs. As forthe weaknefs of the
Experiments
| Power of them upon Kings and Magiftrates, it may be afcribed (befides the main, which is the Protection of God over thofe that execute his place) to the weaknefs of the Imagination of the Imaginant ; for,it is hard fora Witch ora Sorcerer to put ona belief, that they can hurt fuch perfons,
Men are tobe admonifhed onthe other fide, that they donot cafily giv | laceand creditto thefe operations, becaufethey fucceed many times: For }
the canfe of this fuccefsis (oft) to be truly afcribed unto the force of Affecti- |
onand Imagination upon the Body Agent, and then by a fecondary means it | may work upon adiverfe Body. As for example, Ifa man carry a Planets Seal | or a Ring, or fome part of a Beaft, belicving ftrongly that it will help him to | obtainhis Love, or tokeep him from danger of hurtin Fight, or to prevail in | aSute, oc. it may make him more a@tive andinduftrious; andagain, more} confident and perfifting, then otherwifehe would be. Now the great cffects | tharmay come of Induftry and Perfeverance (efpecially in civil bufinefs) who | knowethnot? For we fee audacity doth almoft binde and mate the weaker } fort of Mindes; and the {tateof Humane AGionsis fo variable; thatto try | things oft, and never to give over, doth wonders: Therefore itwerea mee fallacy and miftaking toafcribe that to the Force of Imagination upon an-] other Body, whichis butthe Force of Imagination upon the proper Body;
for there is no doubt but that Imagination and ychement Affection \ greatly upon the Body of the Imaginant, aswe fhall fhew in due place. 903. Men are to be admonifhed, that asthey are not tomiftake the ca chefe Operations, fo much lefs they are to miftake the Fact or and rafbly to take that for done which is not done. _ And therefore, , | wers wife Judges haye prefcribed and cautioned, Men may not too raf
902
| | |
om jal m oe eS i la vine i ain Sirs) cal y Fe! ye me? . J . . R ” é y y * i eee F oe ate en ee 7 mh a , o- “*
| believe the Conteffion of Witcnes, nor-yetthe evidence againft them: For | the Witches. themfelves are Imaginative, and believe oft-times they do that lwhich they do hot ; and people are credulous in'that:point, and teady ro | impute Accidents and Natural opcrationsto Witchcraft. It is worthy the obferving, that'both inancient andlate times, (asinthe 7 heffalian W itches, } and thé mectings of Witches! that have been recorded by fo many'lare Con- ‘| feffions) the’ great wonders which they: tell of carrying in the Air, trans- | forming themfelves into other Bodies, &c. are ftill reported to be wrought, ! not by ihesutaeion or Ceremonies, bar by Ointments and Anointing them- | felyes all’ovet. This may jattly move a Man to think, ‘that thefe Fables are | ‘| che effects of Imagination ; for it is certain, that Ointments do all (if they be | ‘| laid on any thing thick) by ftopping of the Pores, fhut in the Vapors, and | fend them ‘to the head extrcamly. And for the particular Ingredients of thofe Magical Ointments, itis like they are opiate and foporiferous. For | | Anointing of the Forehead, Neck, Feet, Back-bone, we know is ufed for | procuring dead fleeps. And if any Mamfay, thatthiseffee& would be bet:
| ter done by inward potions 5. anfwer may be made,that the Medicines which
go tothe Ointments are fo ftrong, thatif they were uled inwards, they would
kill thofe that ufe them 5 and therefore they work porently, though out
wards, - 14 . | : We will divide the feveral kindes of the operations by tran{miffion of | Spirits and Imagination, which will give no fimall light to the Experiments | | that follow. © A'l operations by tranfmiflion of Spirits and Imagination have | this, thatthey work at diftance, and notattouch ; and they aré thefe being | | dittinguifhed. Ps Ran DOB: |
"o’ Toe firltis, The Tranfmiffion or Emiffion of the thianer and more | airy parts Of Bodies, as in Odors and Infections; and this is, of all the }reft, the moft’ corporeal. But you mult remember withal, that there ‘be a number of thofe Emiffions, both unwholefome and wholefome, that give no fmell at all : Forthe Plague many times when it is taken giveth | no fent at all, and there be many good ard healchful Airs, as they appear by Habitation, and other proofs, that differ not in Smell from other Airs. And under this head you may place all Imbibitions of Air; where thefub- | tance is material, odor-like, whereof fome neverthelefs are ftrange, and | very fuddenly diffufed ;_ asthe aleeration which the Air receiveth in Egype al-
leer immediately upon the rifing of the River of Niu, whereof we have
{poken. — | . : by ts The fecondis, the Tran{miffion or Emiffion of thofe things that wecall Spiritual Species, as Vifibies and Sounds; the one whereof we have hand- | Jed, andthe other we fhall handlein dueplace. Thefe move (wiftly and at great diftance, but thenthey require a Medinm well difpofed,and their Tran{- miffion is eafily topped. | Minae | The thirdis, the Emiffions which canfe Attraction of certain Bodies at diftances wherein though the Loadftone be commonly placed in the firft = yet We think good to except it, “and refer it to another Head: But
|the drawing of eAmber, and Fer, and other Eletrick, Bodies, and the At- {traction in Gold of the Spirit of Quick-filver at diftance, and the Attraétion | of Heat at-diftance , and chat of fire to Nephi, and that of fome Herbs jto Water, though at diftance, and divers others, we fhall handle; but
yet not under this prefenc title, but under the title of Atcraétion in-
general. ; a The }
— ‘
908.
909.
d10.
{
|-and ‘received )' but: by othe Primitive Nature;of; Matter, . and, the feeds, of | things.’ Of this kindeis (as we yet fuppofe) the>working of the Loaditone,
| of Gravity, whichisiby confent of denfe Bodies with the Globe of the Ear hy
| themtogether; for when an envious or amorous afpedt doth infe& the Spi-} | tits of another, there isjoyned both Affe@ion and Imagination, \ J
| feftones.of HeatandLight. But thefe we will handle, where we handle the| | Celeftial Bodies and AZotions. x1 |
| tural CMagick, have brought into an CAreor Precept ; andit is this, That if
jinttanecs them(elves.. PASE
eh eae St
Se ae oe . NCatiral Fifloyy
———s ——- —
The fourthis, the Emiffion of Spirits, and Immateriate Powers ap
| Virrnes, in thafe things which workiby the univerfal configuration and Syn
pathy of the Woeld);:not by Forms, or Celeftial influxes, (as isvainly taught
whichis by confent with the Globeof the Earth; -of. thiskinde isthe motion | Of this ‘kinde is fome, difpofition of Bodies to Rotation , |and-particularly | from Eaftto W éft;. of which kinde, we conceive the Main Float.and Refloa | of theSea is, which is by confent of the Univerfe, as part of. the Diugnal| | Adotion. "Thefe: Immateriate Virtues have this property differing from orhers that thediverfity of the AZdism hindreth them not, butthey.pafs. through all | Afediums, yet at determinate diftantes. And of thefe we fhall fpeak, as they | are incident to feveral Titkes. 915 | » 211, igor) issteelt shoal Thefifth is, the Emiffion’of Spirits; and,thisis theprincipal in ourin=| | tention to handle now:in this place, namely, the operation of the Spirits of the minde of Man upon other Spirits s: and this. is of-a, doublenature;. the | operation of the Affections, if they be vehement; and the operation of th | Imagination, if it beftrong. Butthefe two are fo coupled, as we fhallhandle |
- The fixth is, the influxes of the Heavenly Bodies, befidesthofe two mani. OW Yor
O14 icy ite Thefeventh is, the operations of Sympathy, which the Writers of Na-
you defire to fuper-induce any Virtue or Difpofition upona Perfon; you fhould take the Living Creature, ii which that Virtue is moft eminent andin} perte&tion ;_ of that Creature you muft take the parts wherein.that Virtue} chiefly is collocate, Again, you muft take the parts in the time, and aa} when that Virtue is moft in exercife,,, and then youmnft apply, it-co that part} of Man, wherein that Virtue chiefly confifteth.' As if you would fuper- induce Courage and Prortiende, take a Lion, or aCock; and take the Heart, Tooth, |) | or Pawof the Liows or the Heart, or Spur of the Cock: Lake) thofe-parts ime} | mediately afterthe Lion or the Ceck have been in fight, and let them be worn}! upon a Mans heart or wrift. Of thefe and fuch like Sympathies,we fhall{peak)) under this prefent Title... Kl ther 1 visigiberog SO
- The eighth and laft is, an Emiffion of Immateriate Virtues, fuchas we) ate a little doubtful to propound it is fo prodigious, but that itis focon-” {tantly avouched by many : And wehave fet it down as aLaw toour(elves, rtoexamine things co the, bottoms, and nor co receive upon credit, or cejet upon improbabilities, until there hath paffeda due examination, Thisi Sympathy of Individuals; for as thereis a Sympathy of Species, fo (it may be) there ‘is a Sympathy ot Individuals 5 that is, chat in chings, or the parts of things that have been once contiguous or entire, there fhould remain a tranfmiffion of Virtue from the one.to the other, as: between thecW eaponiand the Wound. ‘Whereupon is blazed abroad the!operation Of Faguentum Teli, and fo of 2 ‘piece of) Lard, orftick: of Elder 4 Gs That if part of it-be confumed or Du tecfied, it will work upon the other parts fevered. : ‘Now, we will purfue th
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| pce Plague is many tithes taken without manifert fenfes as hath been
T faid; and they report, that where ic is found ic hath a fent of the {mel | ef aMellow Apple, and (asfome fay) of May-flowers : And itis allore | | ceived, thar (mells of Flowers that are Mellow and Lufhious, are ill for the | Plague; as White Lilies, Coyvflips, and Ayacinths, :
The Plague is not ealily received by fuch ascontinually are aboutthem Jithat havethePlague, as Keepers of the Sick, and Phyficians ; nor again by | fuch astake Anrideres, citherinward (as CMithridate, Funiper-berries, Rue, Leaf, land Seed, cvc.), or outward (as Angelica, Zedoary, and the like in the Mouth; | Zar, Galbanum, andthe like in Perfume :) Nor again,’by old people, and {uch asare of adryand cold complexion, On the other fide, the Plague taketh | fuoneft hold of thofe that come out of afreth Air, ahd of rhofe that are faft- | ing, and of Childrens. and it is likewife nored to go in a Blood more then | toa ftranger. td Kat mors 3; |. >.» Themoft pernicious Infection, nextthe Plague, is the{mell of the Goal, | when-Prifoners have been long, and clofe, and naftily kept; whereof we | have had in onr time, experience twice orthrice, when both the Fudges that | fat upon the Goal, and numbers of thofethat attended the bnfinets,or were } prefent, fickned uponit, and died. Therefore it were good wifdom, that in | {ach cafes the Goal were aired before they be brought forth. 4... Ost of queftion, if fuch foul fmells be made by Art, andby the Hand, | they confit chiefly of Mans flefh, or fweat, putrcfieds for they arenot thole | ftinks which the Noftrils ftraight abhor and, expel, that are moft pernicious, but fuch Airs ashave fomefimilieude with Mans body, and fo infinuace them- | felves, and berray the Spirits. Bhere may begreat danger inufing fuch Com- | poficions in great Meetings of People within Honfes; as in Churches, at eAlr- | raighments, at Plays and Solemnities, and thelike : For poyfoning of Airis no. | lets dangerous, then poyfoning of: Warer, which hath been ufed by the Zurks | inthe Wars, and was ufed by Emanuel Connenus towards the Chriftians, when | they paffed through his Countrey tothe Holy Land. And thefe empoyfon. | menis of Air are the more dangerous in Meetings of People, becaufe the much breath of People doth further the reception of the Infe@tion. And } chetefore when any fuch thing is feared, it were good thofe publick places | were perfumed before the Affemblies. . t The empoyfonment of particular perfons by Odors; hath been reported } to bein perfumed Gloves, or thelike. Anditislike they mingle the.poyfon | {that is deadly- with fome fmells that are fweet, which alfo maketh it ithe fooner received. Plagues alfo have been railed by Anointings of the | Chinks of Doors, and the likes not fo much by thecouch, as forthat icis fcommon for men, whenthey finde any thing wet upon their fingers, to putthem totheir Nofe s which men therefore fhould take heed how they }do. - Thebeftis,;tharthefe Compofitions of Infections Airs cannot be made { without dangers of death to them that make them 3 but then again, they } may have fome wAntidotes to fave them(elvess fo’ thatmen ought nortobe [fecure of ity — ' a ONY | } -¢ > There have been indivers Countreys great Plagues by the putrefaction of } great {warms of Grasboppers and Locu/fs, when they have been dead and caft
eo olt hapneth oft in Hines, that there are Damps which kill either by | Suffocation, or by the poyfonous nature of the (Minerals and thofe-that ae eit ; A et ee x i deal |
BAe.» sa ee oo Natural ion - Bee
\ deal much in Refining, or other works abour Metals. and Minerals, hay ye | their Brains hurt and itupefied by the Metalline Vapors: Among(t whic | is noted, that the Spirirs of Quick-filver ever flie tothe pikes Teeth, be '| Bones's infomuch) “as \Gilders ule ‘to have a piece) of: Gold in theit Mouth dtawthe Spirits of Quick-filver'y which Goldvafteewards they inde rbe whitned, There are alfo certain Lakes and Pits, fuich as that Of Averow, that oss |} poyfon Birds (as is ah which flie over them, or Men that fay too in ns g| “|| abour'them. ei SE We 919. The? Vapor of Char. coal lor Sea-coal iti Feleie room}: hath killed| many; )anditis the more dangerous, becaufe it cometh without any ihinel| | but ftealeth on by little and little; inducing onely faintnefs , without any | manifett ftrangling. ‘When the: Darchmen wintred at Nova. Zemble j and} chat they ‘could gather'no ‘more fticks, they fell'to make fire of fome Sea- } | coal they had, wherewith (at firft) they were much refrefhed ; butalitie| | after they had fat about the fire, there grew a general filence’ and lothnefs} to {peak among't them 3; and immediately after, one of the weakeft of] |, the Company fell down in'a fwoon: Whereupon, they Sotienie: what it] | was, opened their door to let inAir, and (o faved themfelves:.' The effet} | (no doubr) is wrought by the infpiffwion of the Air, and fo.of the} | ‘| Breathand Spirits. Tuclike enfueth in Rooms newly Plaiftred, if a fire | | be made in them ; whereof no lefs Man then the Emperor Sire | died, hy Wide the Experiment 803. ‘Touching the ae Nature of the Air upon] | the firlt Showers afterdlong Drought. | It hath come to pafs,. that4ome Aputbecssii, upon famping of Cote ‘| quintida, have been put into a great Scouring by the Vaporonely. » Dod ® Ir hath been a pradlice to*burn a Pepper they call Guinny- Pepper, which | hath fuch a ftrong Spitit, that i it Cela ks hi She eRing in thofe that | are inthe Room. | : _ It is an Ancient Traditions that Blea Eis infedt Sound Eyes ; and that ' Menftrnous Weman looking in’a Glafs doth ruft it: Nay, they havean opinion, | | which feemeth fabulous, That Menflrnows Women’ going over a Field or Garden, | do Corn and Herbs good by killingthe Worms.» The Tradition is no lefs ancient, that the Bafilisk killeth by afpettt thatthe Woolf, if he feeth a Mas ficlt, by aipe@ttriketh a Manhoarfe. = J Perfumes convenient do dry and ftrengthen the Brain, and ftay Rheums} and: Defluxions; as we findein Fume of Rofemary dried, and Lignam | Ales, s, | and @alamus taken at the Mouthand Noftrils. And no doubt, there be other 3 | Perfumes that do moiften and refrefh and are fit to be ued in Burning Agues. Confumptions, and too much wakefulnef ; 3 fuch asare Rofe- Water, Vinegar, | Lemrion-pills, Fiolets, the Leaves of Vines {prinkled witha little Refe-w : ug | oe. Me
202
— a a
920 921.
922,
923.
924,
925.
“) They do ufein fadden Faintings andSwoonings, to puta Handker. | with’ Rofe-water, ora‘little Vinegar to theNofe, which gathereth together agai the Spirits, which are upon pointtorefolve and fall away. ° Tobacco comforteth the Spirits, and difchargeth wearinefs 5 which i cGy bth partly by opening, but chiefly by the opiate virtue, which cor denfeth ‘the Spirits,- It: were good therefore to try the taking of Fumes t Pipes (as they do in Tobacco) of other things, as well to dry and comfa for other intentions. 1 with tryal be made of the drying Fume.of and Lignam Aloes, before mentioned’ ia ei and fo of Waraitgs a isis ¢ Wig aks: qo ow vd 40 de
i £
entury X.
The following of the Plough hath been apptoved for refrefhing thie
‘ Spirits, and procuring Appetite; but to do it in the Plougbing tor Wheat lor Rye isnotfo good; becauie the Barth hath fpentherfweet breath in Vege-| a tables put forth inSummer. It is better therefore to do it when you fow | “|Barley. But becaufe Ploughing is tied to Seafons, it is beft to cake thé Air | lof the Earth new turned up by digging with the Spade, or ftanding by him | “Ithat diggeth. Gen:lewomen may dothermfelves much good by Kneeling upon | a Cuthion,and Weeding. And thefe eninge you may practifein the beft Sea_ | fons ; which is.ever the carly Spring, before the Earth putteth forth the | ; | Vegetables, and in thefweeteft Earth youcanchufe. Itwouldbe done allo | | when the Dew isa little off the Ground, leftthe Vapor be too moift. I knew iB great Man that lived long, who had a clean Clod of Earthbrought to | him every morning as he fate in his Bed; and he would hold his head | over ica good preety while. 1 commend alfo fometimes in digging of | new Earth, to pourin fome Malmfey or Greek Wine, that the Vapor of 4 the Earth and Wine together may comfort the Spirits the more ; pro- 4 vided always it be not taken for a Heathen Sacrilice or Libation to the | Earth. . .
| ~ They have in Phyfick ule of Pomanders, and knots of Powders for drying | of Rheums, comforting of the Heart, provoking of Sleep, &c. for though , thofe things be not fo {trong as Perfumes, yet you may have them continu- | ally in yourhand, whereas Perfumes you can take but av times; and be- ‘| fides, there be divers things that breath better of themfelves then when | theycome to the Fire; as Nigella Romana, the Seed of CWelanshinm, Amo- | mam, Orc. 3 ri | | There be two things which (inwardly ufed) do cool and condenfe | the Spirits ; and I wifh thefame to be tried outwardlyin Vapors. The one ‘is Nive; which] wouldhave diffolvedinMalmfey, or Greek Wine. and fo | the fmell of the Wine taken; or, if you would have it more forcible, pour | of ic uponaFire-pan well heated, as they do Rofe-water andVinegar. Tlic | other is, the diftilled Water of Wilde Poppey ; which I wifh co be mingled | at half with Rofe-water, and fo taken with fome mixture of a few Clovesin a | Perfuming- pan. The like would be done with the diftilled Water of Saffron- Flowers. :
reous Appetite ; which they may do by the refrefhing and calling forthof the Spirits. | . Incenfe and Niderous fmells (fuch as were of Sacrifices) ere thought to intoxicate the Brain, and ‘to difpofe men to devotion; which they may do by a kinde of fadnefs and contriftation of the Spirits, and partly alfo by Heating and Exalting them. We fee that amongft the Jews, the principal perfume of the Santuary was forbidden all common ufes. There be fome Perfumes prefcribed by the Writers of Natural Magick; | which procure pleafant Dreams; and {ome others (as they fay) that procure Prophetical Dreamis, as the Seeds of Flax, Fleawort, Cc. It is certain, that Odors do ina {mall degree, nourifh, efpecially the Odor of Wine ; and we fee Men an hunered do love to fimell hot Bread. Teisrclated, that Democrims when he lay a dying, hearda Woman in the _Houfe complain,that the fhould be kept from being at a Feaftand Solemni- ty (which fhe much defired to fee) becaufe there would be aCorps in the Houle : Whereupon he caufed Loavesof new Bread to be fent for,and open- : jea-thctn; and poured a little Wine into them, and fo kept himfelf alive with
/ ‘: <in athe
Raheny vo
pei asi rene
a ee Ses
Smells of Musk; and cAmber, and Civit, are thought to further Vene- |
A 4 ct te ‘ ya Z AS OEE ATT IEEE EE I EE SENS Seen ee eS -
9295
9303
935°
936.
938. Expernment Solitary, touching the Emifsions of Spiritual Spe- Ciesy which affed roe
Senfese
939. Experiments in Confort, i touching Emifsion of
Immateriate ‘| Virtues frone the Mindes and, Spirits of
Men,either by ‘ ft : ‘ i Ayfeéticns; or | genits (Which otherwife was brave and confident) was, inthe prefenc by Imaginati- foe onsy or by other
Fmpre(ssons,
949.
| ae? tt ii. —, '
Natural Hiftory ; the Odor of themtill the Feaft waspaft. knew aGentlemanthat would faft (fometimes) three or four, yea, five days, without Meat, Bread, _ Drink; but the fame Man ufed to have continually a great Wifp of Herb: that hefmelled on; and amongft thofe Herbs fome efculent Herbs of ftrong fent, as Onions, Garlick, Leeks, andthelike. 9. 53) 9 They do ufe for.the Accidentof the Aéther toburn Feathers, and other things of ill Odor; and by thofe ill fmells the rifing of the Mother is put down. Veat Waits : f ; i ae. _ There be Airs which the Phyficians advife their Patients torem ove untoin Confumprions; or upon recovery of long ficknefles, which (common- ly) are plain Champaigns, but Grafing, and not over-grown with Heath, or the likes ox elfe Timber-fhadcs, asin Forefts, and thelike. Itis noted, al- L
a
fo, that Groves of Bays do forbid Peftilent Airs; which was accounted a great caule of the wholefome Air of cAntiochia. There be alfofome Soyls | that put forth Odorate Herbs. of themfelves,as VV ilde Thyme, Veilde AAavjoram, | Penny-royal, Camomile.; andin which, the Bryar-Rofes {mell almoft like Atuk- Rofis; which (no doubt) are figns that dodifcover anexcellent Air; J It were good for mento think of having healthful Air in their Houfes; | which will never be, if the Rooms be low-roofed, or fullof Windows and | Doors ;. for the one maketh the Air clofe, and not frefh ; and the other, |) maketh it exceeding unequal, whichisa great enemyto health. The Win-|7 dows alfo fhould not be highup tothe Roof (which is in ufe for Beauty and } Magniticence) but low. Alfo Stone-walls are not wholefome; but Timber is | more wholefome,: and efpecially Brick; nay, ic hath been ufed by fome |” with greatfuccefs, to make their Walls thick, aed to put a Lay of Chalk] | between the Bricks to take away all dampifhnefs. May ih pice a ye yt oes t t+ (faa Hefe Emiffions (as we faid before) are handled, and oughtto be hand, | led by themfelves, under their proper Titles; that is, Vifibles, and |¥ Audibles, eachapart: In this place, it fhall futfice to give fome general Ob- | fervations common,to both. Firft, they feemto be Incorporeal. Secondly, |) they work fwiftly: Thirdly, they work at large diftances. Fourthly, in } curious varieties, Fifthly,they are not effe@ive of any ching, norleave any | work behindethem,butare energies meerly; for their working upon mir- rors and places of Echo doth not alter any thing in thofe Bodies; but iris the fame Action with the Original, onely repercuffed. And as forthe fhakin of Windows, or rarifying the Air by greatnoifes, and the Heat caufed by |) Burning. Glaffes, they are rather Concomitants of the Audible and Vifible | Species, then the effe@s of them. Sixthly, they feem to be of fo tender and |) weak a Nature, as they afted& onely fucha Rare and Attenuate Subftance |) as is the Spirit of Living Creatures. | +} che hy
ae ——————
Tis mentioned in fome Stories, that where Children have been exp or taken ayay young fromtheir Parents, andthatafterward they have | approached totheir Parentsprefence, the Parents (though they have not} known them) have hadafecret Joy, orother Altcrationthereupon, = a) ae es The
; jn : , . ae br’ “a a | There was an Egyptian Soothfayer that made e Antonius believe, that his Ottavianus Cafar, poor and cowardly; andtherefore, he advifed him to4
himfelf (as much as he could) and remove far from him. The Soo thought to be fuborned by Clesparra, to make him live in Egypz,
Century X.
remote places from Rome. Howloever, the conceit of a predominance or maftering Spirit of onc Man overanother is ancient, and received ftill, even in vulgar opinion.
' "There are conceits, that fome Men that are of an ill and melanckolly nature, do incline the company into which they come; to be fad and ill dif- | pofed; andcontrariwife, that others that are of a jovial nature do difpof: the companyto be merry and chearful : And again, that {ome Menarc lucky to be kept company with,and employed, and others unlucky, Certainly it
qromreeronaties tot Studd wepietadt® site
Spirit to Spirit when Men ‘are in ptefence one with another, as well as from
| Body to Body. : | It hath been obferved, that old Men have loved young company, and
(as it feemeth) being recreated by fuch company. Such were the Ancient | Sophiftsand Rhetoricians, which ever had yourg Auditors and Dilciple: 5 | as Gorgias, Protagoras, Yfocrates, @c. who lived till they were an hundred years old; and fo likewife did many of the Grammiarians and S chool-maffers : Such as was Orbiliu, &c. ; Audacity and confidence doth, in civil bufineffes, fogreat effcét:; as a Man may (reafonably) doubr, that befides the very daring, and carneftnc{s, and perfifting, and importunity, there fhould be fome {ceret binding and ftooping of other Mens {pirits tofuchperfons.. | Be The Affeations (no doubt) do make the Spirits more powerful and ative;
| Platonifts ((ome of them) go fo far, as to hoid, That the Spirit of the Lover doth pals into the Spirits of the perfon loved, which caufeth the defice of
petite of contrac and conjunétion which isin Lovers. And this is obferved hkewife, that the Afpe&s that procure Love, are not gazings, but fudden ‘glances and dartings of the Eye. As for Envy, that emiteeth fome malign and poifonous Spirits, which take hold of the Spiritof anothers and is like- Wile of greateft force, whenthe Caft ofthe Eyeis oblique. Ithath been no. ted alfo, That it is mot dangerous, where the envious Eyeiscaft upon per- fons in glory, and triumph, and joy. The reafon whereof is, for thatat fuch times the Spirits come forth moft intothe outward parts, and fo tn percuffion of the envious eye more at hand; and therefore it hath been no- ted, Thatafter great triumphs, Men have been ill difpofed for fome days following. We fee the opinion of Fafcination is ancient for both effects, of procuring Love, andficknefs caufed by Envy; and Fafcination is ever by the Eye. Butyet if there be any fuch infection from Spiritro Spirit, there is no doubr, but that it worketh by prefence, and not by the Eye alone, yet moft forcibly by the Eye.
Fear and Shame are likewife infe@tive: For we feethat the ftarting ofone, will make anotherready toftart, and when one man is out of countenance in acompany, others dolikewife bluth in his behalf, |
_ Now we will fpeak of the Force of Imagination upon other Bodies, and of the meanstoexalrandftrengthenit. Imagination, in this place, Tunder. ftand tobe the reprefentation of an Individual Thought. Imagination is of three Rindes ; the fir. joyned with Belief of that whichisto come; the fe- | cond, joyned with Memory of that which is paft; and the thicdis, of Things | prefent, or as if they were prefent: For I comprehend inthis, Imagination
ee ___ feigned,
is agreeable to reafon, that there are at the leaft fome light efflixions from -
‘| beenconverfant continually with them, have beenoflonglife ; their Spirits
| and cfpccially thofe AffeGions which draw the Spirits into the Eyes; which — atetwo, Loveand Envy, which is called Oculus Malus. As for Love, the |.
return into the Body whence it was emitted, whereupon followeth that ap.
eet the.
203
G41.
942.
943.
944.
945-
| 204 4 Naural Hiffory;
feigned, and at pleafure : As if one fhould imagine fach a Manto bein the |
Veftments of a Pope, ortohave Wings. I fingleout for this timerhat waiet ‘|is with Faith or Belief of thatwhich isto come. The Inquifition of t is i Subjeé& in our way (which is by Induétion) is wonderful hard, for the things . i that arc reported are full of Fables ; and new Experimems can hardly De || made bur with extream Caution, forthe Reafon which we will after de- clare. 5 Oe
ati5 Vi
The Power of Imagination is in three kindes. Te firft, uponthe Body of the imaginanr, including likewife the Childe inthe Mothers Womb. The fscondis, che power of it upondead bodies, as Plants, Wood, Stone, Mctal,
&c. The third is, the power of it upon the Spirits of Men and Living Crea. | || cuces.. And with this laft wewill onely meddle. - a The Probleme therefore is, Whether a Man con tantly and {troogly be- |
ee
lieving that fuchathing fhall be, (as that {uch an one will love him, or rbar |
| fuch an one will grant him his requeft, or that fuch an one fhall recoyera |
| ficknefs, or the like) it doth help any thing to the effeCting of chething ir |
|fef. And here again we muft warily diftinguith ; for it is not meant (as |
'| hath been partly faid before) thatit fhould help by making 4 man more four,
| or more induftrious ;. (in which kinde, conftant belief dorh much) but }
|} mecrly by afecretopetatior, or binding, or changing the Spirit of another. |
| Andin this itis hard (as we began to fay) to make any new experiment, for }
| I cannot command my felf to believe what I will, and fono tryalcan be }
| made. Nayitis worfe, for whatfoever a Man imagineth doubtingly, or with }
| fear, muft needs do hurt, if Imagination have any power atalis fora Man } || reprefenceth that oftnerthathe feareth, thenthe contrary. +. Te
ne help therefore is; for a Man to, work by another, in whom he |
| may create belief, and not by himéelf, until himfelf have found by experi- |
| ence, thar Imagination doth prevail ; for then experience worketh in himfelf } Belief, if the Belief that fuch a thing fhall be Joyned witha Belief, that his }
| Imagination may procurcit. | Cyr i 946. For example, I related one time toa Man that was curious ana vain }
| enough in thefe things, That I fawakindeof Jugler shat hada Pair of Cards, and |
| vyould tell aman vyhat Card he thought, his pretended Learned Aantold me, it |
| wasamiftakinginme. For (faidhe) itvvas not the knovvledge of the Mans t onght |
(for that is proper toGod) butis yyas the inforcing of a thought upon him, and bindi ig his |
Imagination by aferonger, thet he could shink no other Card. And thereupon he acide .
| me a Quettion or two, which I thovghrhe did but cunningly, knowing be- | |
| fore what ufed to be the feats of the Fugler. Sir, (laid hc) do you remember yybe- |
| ther be toldthe Card she Man thought bimfelf, or bad another to tell it 2? 1 anfwered, |
(as was true) That he. bad another tellit. Whereuntohe faid, So Ishonghe: For |
(faid he) Aimfelf could not have puton fo ffrong an Imagination, but by telling the other | |
| the Card (vvho believed, that the Jugler vvas fome flrange man, and coulddo firange things J :
that other man caughtafirong Imagination, 1 hearkned unto him, thinking fora |
vanity he {pake prettily. Then he asked meanother Queftion : Saith he, Do|
you remember pvhether he bad tke Man think rhe Card fir, and aftervyards told the other | |
“Man in his Ear what he should think 3 orelfe, that he did whifper firft in the Mans ||
that.frould tell the Card, telling, That fuch 4 Man fhould think [uch a Card, and after \\ |
bad the Adan think a Card? 1 cold him, (as was trac) That he did firff whifper the : Le |
Man in the Ear, thatfach a Man Should think fuch a Card, Upon this, the J Mun did much exultand pleafehimlelf, faying, Lo, you may fee that my is right: Por if toe Man had thought firft, bis thought had been fixed; bur she other ima: ning firft, bound his thought. Wnich though it. did {omewhat fink with me,
( ‘ se Ll
= 2 = . —S — 2 ee SERENE atom om ve Se rn it ne eee Smt SOLER ARRAN A Ar IRR Be ‘ ao nous” henwonanyi tua ysitnaieabeat . ‘ ( i f
x
ee le eee 4 . Rll ie ’ | eames
if Century X. }madeit lighterthen Ithought, and faid, I shought ie twas. confederacy berween the VFfugler, and the rwo Servants; though (indeed) I had no reafon fo tothink, tor ‘\they were both my Fathers fervants, and he had never. plaid inthe, Houle before. The Fugler alfo did caufe a Garter to be held.up, and took upon }him to know thar fuch an one fhould pointin fucha place of the Garter, as ‘Hit fhoitld be near fo many Inchesto thelongerend, and fo many to the fhort- Ter: “and {till hedid itby firft tellingthe imaginer, and after bidding the actor Athink. fe iad 4 oy P ? Having told this Relation, not forthe weight thereof; but becaufe it } doth handfomly open 'the nature of the Qucftion, I return to that I aid, | That Experiments of Imagination mult be praGited by others, and not by a Mans ‘Vfelf. For there be three means to fortifieBelief ; the firft is Experience, the T fecond is Réeafon, and the third is Authority, And that of thefe which is
id "
| will tagger. : ie Ro
|.- For Authority, it isof two kindes: Belief in an Att, and Belief in a } Man: And for things of Beliefinan Art. a Man may exercife them by him- ‘| felf; butfor Belief in a Man, it muft be by another. Therefore if a Man be. HlicyeinAftrology, and finde a figure profperous; or believe in Natural Ma- i gick, and thata Ring with fucha Stone, orfucha piece of a Living Creacure Jeartied, willdo good, it may help his Imagination; but the Belief ina Man
‘Jis far the more ative. But howfoever all Authority muftbe out of a Mans | /felf, turned (as was faid) either upon an Art, or Upon a Man; and where | | Authority is from one Man to ancther, there the fecond mutt be Ignorant, | | and notlearnéd, or full of thoughts : And {uch are (for the moft parr) all |
| Witches and fuperttitious perfons, whofebeliefs, tiedto thei¢ Teachers and
| People, whofe fpirits eafilieft take Belief and Imagination, _ |. Now to fortific Imagination, there be three ways: The Authority | whence the Belief is derived; Means to quicken and corroborate the Imagi- | nation; and Meanstorepeatitandrefrefhic. : | the Meansto quicken and corroborate the Imagination.we fee what hath been | uled in Magick ; {if there be in thofe practices any thing that is purely Na- tural) as Veftments, Charagters, Words, Seals, {ome patts of Plants, or Li- | ving Creatures, Stones, choice of the Hour, Geftures and Motions ; ‘alfo In- | cenfes and Odors, choice of Society, which increafeth Imagination, Diets jand Preparations for fometime before. And.for Words, there have been HTanseination 3 or wordsof fimilitude, that may fecond and feed the Imagi- | pation: And this waseveras well in Heathen Charms, as in Charms of later | Texts and Words have power, may ftrengthen the Imagination. And for the | fame tealon Hebrew words (which amongft us is counted the holy Tongue, andthe words moremyftical) areoftenufed. Arion ging |. For the refrefhing of the Imagination (which was the third Means of Exalcing it) we fee the practices of Magick; as in Images of Wax, and the Fike, that fhould melt by little and little, or fome other things buried in \Muck, that thould purrefie by little andlittle, or the like: .For fo oft asthe \Amaginanrdoth think of thofe things, fo oft doth he reprefentto his Imagina- jon the effectof thathe defireth, . a... ny ag
—-— ~ ae toe - =. eee
{far the moft potent, is Authority ; For Belief upon Reafon or Experience |.
| Traditions, are no whit controlled either by Reafon or Experience> And | | upon the fame reafon, in Magick they ufe (for themoft patt) Boys and young |
For the Authority we have already {poken. Asfor the {econd, namely, |
ever ufed, either barbarous words of no fenfe, left they fhould difturb the | -
}times. Thereare ufed alfo Scripture words,forthat the Belief that Religious |,
5
947.
948.
a FT eee Ue
Natural Hiftory;
If there be any powet it Imagination, it is lef credible that it fhoul be fo incorporcal and immateriate a Virtue, asto workat great diftances, or | through all Mediams, or upon all Bodies; burthat the diftance mult be ca m- petent, the Adium not adverfe , and the Body apt and proportionate, Therefore if there be any operation upon Bodics in abfence by Nature, { is like to be conveyed from Man to Man, as Fame is: Asifa Witch by loqagi: nation fhould burtany afar off, it cannot be naturally, but by workingupony the Spirit of fome that cometh to the Witch, and from that patty upon the Imagination of another, and fo upon another, tillit come toone that hat ry refort to the party intended; and fo by him, tothe party intended himfelf, And although they fpeak, thatit {ufficethto take a Point, or a piccé of the Garment, or the Name of the party, or thelikes yetthereis lefs credit to] be giventothofe things, except itbe by working of evil fpirits, Bye
The Experimenss which may certainly demonftrate the power of Imagi- | nation upon other Bodies, are few ornone; for the Experiments of Witchcraft) are no clear proofs, for that they may be by a tacite operation of malign} Spirits ; we fhall therefore be forced in this Jnquiry, to refort to new Ex- | periments, wherein we can give onely Diretions of Tryals, and not any Po. | tive Experiments, Andif any man think that we ought to have ftaid till we) had made Experiment of fome of them our felves, (as we do commonly in| other Titles) the truthis, chat chefe Effedts of Imagination upon other Bodies, | have fo little credit with us, as we fhall try themat Ieifure: Butin the mean, time we willlead othersthe way. | ie
When you work by the Imagination of another,it is neceflary that he by] whom you work have aprecedent opinion of you that you can do ftrange} things, or that you area Man of Art, asthey call it ; for elferhe fimple affir. | ‘mation to another, that this or that fhall be, can work but aweak im preffion | in his Imagination. | | | ae
It were good, becaufe you caunot difcetn fully of thé ftrength of Ima-] gination in one Man, morethenanother, that you did ufe the Imagination |) of more then one, that fo you may lightuponaftrong one. As if a Phyfician | fhould tell three or four of his Patients fervants that their Mafter fall farely | recover. . . 7 . }
The Imagination of one that you fhall ufe ({uchis the variety of Mens} mindes) cannot be always alike conftant and{trong; anaif thie faccefs follo not fpeedily, it will faintand lofe ftrength. ‘Toremedy this, you muft preten to him whofe Imagination you ule feveral degrees of Means by which to} operate: Asto prefcribe him, that every three days, if he finde not the fuc-}_ cefs apparent, he do ufe another Root, or part of a Beaft, or Ring, &c. asbe- | ing of more force ; and if that fail, another; and if that, another, till feven | times. Alfo you mult prefcribe agood large time for the effet you promife ; | asif you fhould tell. afervant of afick man, thathis Mafter fhall recover, but, it will be fourteen daysere he findethit apparently, &c. All this ro entertain: the Imagination, thatit waver les, . 48 i
It is.certain, that potions or things taken into the Body, Incenfes and Perfumes taken atthe Noftrils, and oyntmentsof fome parts, do(naturally) work upon the Imagination of him that takeththem, And therefore it m needs greatly cooperate with the Imagination of him whom you ufe, i prefcribe him, before he doufe theReceit for the Work which hedefi that he.do take fuch a Pill, or'afpoonful of Liquor, or burn fuchan — or-anoint his Temples, er the Soles of hisFeet, with fich an Oynt Oyl: And you muft chufe for the Compofition of fuch Pill, Perft
as aR rc ra eC ic Te Te oie ennai WD
206
950
951.
952.
ie
een ee
Century X. | [207 | _ |Oyntment, fach Ingredients as do make the Spirits d little more grofs or | ~ |mnuddy, whereby the Imagination will fix rhe better. . The Body Paffive, andto be wrought upon, (L mein notof the Ima-| 955. |gimant) is better wrought upon (as hath been partly touched) at fome times ~ |ehen at others; Asif you fhould prefcribe a fervant about a fick perfon, (whom you have poffeifed char his Matter fhallrecover) when his Matter is ‘|fafkafleep, toute fuch a Root, or fuch a Roor.. For Imagination is like to | work betrer upon {leeping men; then men awake; as we fhall fhew when we | handle Dreams. | | |
. “Wefindeinthe Art of Memory, that Images vifible work better then other! 956, conceits; Asif you would remember the word Philofophy, you fhall more ; furely do it by imagining that fuch a Min (for Men are beft places) is read- ing upon Arifferles Phyficks, then if you fhould imaginehim to fay, 7 wil go ftudy Philofophy. And therefore this obfervation would be tranflaced to the | {ubjeG& we now (peak of ; for the moreluftrousthe Imaginatiov is, it fillech and fixeththe betcer. And therefore! conceive, tharyou fhallin that Experi- | ment (whereof we {pake before) of binding of thoughts, lefs fail, if you tell one that fuch an one fhall name one of twenty men, then if it were one of | twenty Cards. The Experiment of binding of thoughts would be diverfified | andtried tothe full: And youare co note, whetherir hit for themoft part; | _| though not always. Sid henioios ww Hess) || tis good toconfider upon what things Imagination hath moft force : |, And the rule (as I conceive) is, that ic hath rhoft force upon thingsthat have | thelighteft and eafieft motions ; and therefore: above all uponthe Spirits of | Men, and in them upon fuch affections:as move lighteft:' As upon procuriog | of Love, binding of Lu, ‘which is’ ever with Imagination upoa Men-ia), | fear, or Men in ircefolution, and the like r~Whacfoever ‘is ofthis -kinde | | would be throughly enquired. Tryalslikewile wouldsbemade upon Piants,)} | and char diligently: Asif you fhould tell a man chat fuch a Tree would die | | -| this year, andwillhim atthefe and thefetimes ro go unto it, tolfee haw it . thrivech, As for inanimate things, itis true, that ‘the motionsiof {huffing of Cirds, ot calting of Dice, are very: light motions: and there is 1a folly’ | very ufeful, That Game(ters imagine, thac fome that ftand by them) ‘bring them ill luck. There would be’ tryal alfomade; ‘of holding a Ringby:a J. | thred in a GlaG, and telling him that holdeth it before; that it fhall ftrike for} | many times againtt the fide of the Glalsy and'no more;::or of holdinga Key} | between two-Mens fingers *witlhout acharms and to telkthofechat hold it, | | | that at fuch aname it fhall go off their fingers. For thefe two are extream | |light.motions, , And howfoever, I have no opinionof thele'things, .yet fo} much Iconceive tobe true; That {trong Imaginationhath more foreeupon’ | things living, or that have beenliving, ‘then things meerly inanimate; : and“ | more force likewife upon light and fubril motions, theriupon motions vehe~ mentor ponderous. 6 225.5 8S i: bioteinest bh yanisqo 704 _ «> cis anufual obfervation, Thatif the Body of onemurthered be brought’| before the Murtherer, the wounds will bleed afreth. -Some‘do affirmy:. That _|the dead Body, upon the prefence of the Murtheree hath openedithé eyes 5 _\ and that there have beenfuch like motions as well where the partyimurthered _j hath been ftrangled or drowned, as where they have been killed by wounds. -\Ic-may be thar, chis participareth of a ‘niiracle, by Gods.juft judgment, -who’ _\ufually brings murthers to@light, Bucifinbe Natural,’ itmatt be referred to i Imagination. ; Psd to Git (DVO 53 YOR SHE Aik ; fae | *». Thecyiag of thepoine upon i Braet to make Men impo-
Se + ee tent
+. S. > arr rs tne in Ay oe Or ee « " ie ae ee «
ae! } ie
aS) oe ed
MO to ee
— NCatural Ediftory 5 | teat towards their a which (aswe have formerly touched) is for \quent in Zant and Gafcony, if it be Natural, muft :be referred to the hi ‘pation of hia that rieth’ the Points « Iocoreceive it»to have the fefs affinic) with Witchcraft, becaufe not peculiarperions * ah ae as a ey but aay Body ne dots viol oot hie
|
| (Hoy ihe i Here be Hany ahibgs: that vine tae the pitts of As by Sac ok iby and Antipathy. “The virtues ot Precious Stones worn, have been a | ciently oy generally received, and curioufly affigned to work. feveral feel | So much istrue, that Somes have in:them fine Spirits. as appeareth by their] | fplendor:: And thereforethey nay: Work by: conlent apon the Spirits of Men, \ to ‘comfort andexhilarate them. Tndfe that arethe beltfer that effeat,, are: the | Diamond, the:Emerald; the Facynth: Oriental, and the Gold-fione, Which ig the | elbow Topaw:.cAs for their particular’ Proptieticss there is no credit tobeigi+ ) “vento them. Buritis manifett, that Light above all things, exeellectin com-| ‘forting. the Spirits of. Menz.:and it isvery: probable, | that Light varied doth thé i fame. offe&t, with morécnovelry.” And this is one of the canes why Mee li ‘Stones comfort. And werefore it'were good to have Fintted Lanthirns, oF| Tinted S keeens Of Glaf coloured ‘into Green, Blue, Carnation, Crimfon, Purp, i. orc. canarco wife chem wich Candlesinithe night. So likewiferohayeround i Glaffes, notonely of Glufcoloured througn, but with Colours laid’ between’ i Cryftaisi With: handles to hold in onesihaad:: Prifms axve-alfo comfortable) toings.: They havecof Paziacwork, Looking.Glaffes , bordered with broad: Borderé be of fmali€ yftal, and lgreat countetfeit: Precious Stones-of' alt Colours, thar are} | moft glorious and pleafantto behold; refpeciaily: in che nights The Pidurb| sie ‘of Andide Fearhers aceclccew ifei comfortable: and pleafant to behold! So alfo4 fait anid eidar! Pools do greasly: €omfout che Eyes Spirits 5 ep cians ‘when the if { Som istiOtglaringbunovercalty Or whbithe Moon fhinerh, © 90702 OWE | sib biueweg: fs dowhiss3 ase s Uopkleon! worl te « noyilil ner boas 11 Phere be diversforts of piashecy cardhosinalad the Spirits7 land they be . of thifeerBatentions sm Réfrigerant,»Carroborant, and Apétient. Kor Refrigerasel q ‘withthe s0.be of Pearijor of Cota; as-is ufed:>\‘Aad it hath been nored4 | that Coral af the party thar! wearcthidb call ditpofed) will wax pale; which} I beligne tosbe crue, riBecaufe orherwife dittemperof heat will make corarh ofe ediotir: “ l¢omim end alfo Beals orlitthe Plates: of Lapis Favate Hae ni: } i | of: WY iove,: cithetatone,.on with fonie Cordialmixtsute.o) i) 60 15 1 962. | 3) bRot Gataeboratioh-and:Comforraion, rake ach Bodies ‘as caeiop Atingen I quake peitheurm atifedt cold, . L:conmimend Bead-yamber, whichis full of ral | (triktion, but yetsisdaGmous; and: novcold, and:is concdivéd to impingt wate | bie para aap L commend: alfo Beads of Harts-Hotn-and fsa “Al ft ys aah robe likesrature y aon sane Bamey aifo Beads of Lignan At f
| 9560. Experiments in Confort touching the Secrez Vtviue 4 of Sympathy and Anti-
| pathy
961.
macesaradbirtuin Refer matte aaddsied!: dui bos ide nog shiwodil sotto i 963. For opening, | commend Beads, or pieces of the Roots of Gardin ze | Bertditioss - calfo of shedeows- Of aie crn diese Beialaens Oveets andiof ehieal
;
Are aieniiand\os ie®. . Mois beold lw ebanow anvil ony 21018
| 964- | jeayb bd Caanup (neridenbr) cometh 5 omelet afSinews ivr
| ingaifelinochaciy cometh either by cold orideinets,. as after Con fanpiions an
long ndgane yy: for Cotdand Drinefs dor (both. ofschem) coneradt: and or a
rugare. Whe: fee; alfa, .tdtaechafing;' alitieabove the place in pain, exeth
the Geaimpos -whichiid wronghitibyi che Dilatation ‘of the conmaded S
| -{by heat, There are in ufe for the prevention of the Cramp, two'th s@2Q Pacepncatiastete \Kea-Eorfe Teeth “aa “pangheningens ines
4 < | 3a ue is iil
=
Cenury X. ae
| of Green Perwinckle (the Herb) tied about the Calf of the Leg, or the | Thigh, &c. where the Cramp ufeth to come. I do finde this the more ‘| ftrange, becaufe neither of thele hive any Relaxing Virtue, but rather the Pontrat . I judge therefore that their working is rather upon the Spits within the Nerves tomakethiem ftrivelefs, then upon the Bodily fubftance 4 Nerves. / . |
a ee havetryal made of two other kindes of Bracelets for com- 4 forting the Heartand Spirits. ‘The one of the Trochifch of Vipers made into }ittle pieces of Beads ; for fince they do great good inwards (efpceially for | Peftilent Agues) it is like they will be effectual outwards, where they may be applied in greater quantity. ‘There would be Tichifehs likewife made of ‘Snakes, whofe flefh dried is thought to have a very opening and Cordial Virtue. The other is of Beads made of theScarlet Powder, which they call
=
The Beads would be made. up with Amber-Griece, and fome ‘Pomander.
It hath been long received, and confirmed by divers tryals, that the Root of the <Wale-Peony dried, tied to the Neck, doth help the Falling- fickneB; and likewife the Jncubws, which we call the Adare. The caufeof both thefe Difeafes, andcfpecially of the Epilepfie from the Stomack, is the grofs- nefs of the Vapors which rife and enter into the Cellsof the Brain: And ‘therefore the working is by extream and fubtil Attenuation, which that ‘| Simplehath. I judgethelike to be in Citorenm, Musk, Ren- Seed, Agnus
Cafhus Seed, Oc. ha dee : sia There isa Stone whichthey call the Blood- Stone, which worn.is thought
/on and cooling of the Spirits. Quare, if the Stone taken out of the Z oads Head, be not of the like virtue, for the 7oad loveth Shade and Coolnefs. _ Light may be taken fromthe Experiment of the Horfe-tooth Ring, and the Garland of Perwinckle, how that thofe things which aflwage the ftrife of the Spirits,do help difeafes, contrary tothe Intention defired 5 for inthe curing of the Cramp,, the Intention is to relax the Sinews ; butthe contra@tionof | the Spirits, that they ftrive lefs, is the befthelp: So toprocure eafie Tra- | vailsof Women, the intention is tobring down the Childe; but the help is, | to ftay the coming down too faft ; whereunto they fay she oad-/Ponelike- | wife helpeth. So in Pe(filent Fevers, the Intention is to expel the Jnfe@tion by | Sweat and Evaporation ; but. the beft meansto doit, isby Nitre, Diafcordium,, | and othercoolthings, whichdo fora time arreft the Expulfion, till Nature | can doit more quictly. For as one faith prettily, im the quenching of the flame \of a Peftilent Ague, Nature % like People that come to quench the Fire of an Houfe; | which are fobufie, as one of them letterh auother: . Surely it isan excellentAxiome, |and of manifold ufe, that whatfoever appeafeth the contention of Spirits |furthereth their action... He Cr ty _. The Writers of Natural Magick commend thé wearing of the fpoil of a Snake, for preferving of Health. Idoubt it isbutaconceit; for that the "| Snake is thought to renew her youth by cafting her fpoil.. They might as . well take the Beak of an Eagle, orapiece of a Harts-horn, becaufe thofe renew... pak sets It hath been anciently received, (for Pericles the UAthenian ufed it) and
| it is yet in ule, to Wear little Bladders of Quick-filver, or Tabletsof Arfe- | Rick, as prefervatives again the Plague: Not, asthey conceive, for any | comfort they yield tothe Spirits ; but for that being poyfons themfelves, | they draw the venometothem fromthe Spirits.
2. Vide
‘Kermes, which is the principal Ingredient in their Cordial-Confection Alkermen,
to be good for them that bleed atthe Nofe; which (no doubt) is by aftriGi- |.
965.
966.
967.
968,
969.
970.
210 |_ oye ae
971. |) 972.
973°
| us, know Dogs better then Wolves. Math,
97 4.
| chofe Creatures that are fearful.
975°
| thac the Soporiferous Medicines arelikeft to do it ; which are Henbane, Hem- |
976,
977;
978.
979%
aaa enell stacenervacis antes aeeeeeduions ie eas mela
| do cure the Golick. Itis true,tharthe Woolf isa Bealt of great Edacit Digeftion; and foirmay be the parts of him comfort the Bowels. -
Wine, are faidto eee nine Memory ; asthe Brains of Hares, Brains of |
| Children digged out of their eee ; of the Juices of Smallage, W oolf- |
| anger, being thrown at him, drunk in Powder proveketh Choler. °
| the Brain) it will make the Childe ingenious - Andon the contrary fide, if | | the Mother eat (much) Onions or Beans, or fuch vaporous food, or drink |
| be fome caufe of attenation of Vapors i in the Head. Yet it isfaid tom
—Hedgbog are faid to'be'a great deficcative of: Fiftula’s.
aleribéd to the mixture of Balms that are Glutenous , foit may alfo par of 4 fecret™ Sable ‘in that the Blood draweth Mans fief. “And irisa
will ftanch Blood potently. And fo'do the dregs or eb of Ble
OO ee ke ee ye ee
rem ae ae
ae tr tt anette
ae Katara Hiflony. :
Vide the Experiments 95 96; and 97. touching the feveral Symparbies a
| CAntipathies for Medicinal ufe. Ir is faid, that the Guts orSkin of a Woolf being applied. to ie Belly
We fee Scare-crows are fet up to keep Birds from Corn and Feats ‘call reported by fome, that the Head of a Woolf, whole, dried and hanged upin a Dove-houfe, willfcare away Vermin, fuch asare Weafils, Pole-cats, and the like, It may bethe Head of a Dog will do asmuch; for thofe Vermin with h
The Brains of fome Creatures, (when their Heads are rofted) at *) | Hens, Brainsof Deer, &c. And itfeemeth to be incident tothe Brains o | The Oyntment that Witches ule, is reported to be made of the vith [| bane, and Cinquefoil, mingled with the Meal of Fine Whear. But] {uppofe, | lock, Mandrake, Moonfhade, Tobacco, Opium, ‘Saffron, Poplar: leaves, &e. | It is reported by fome, that the affeétions of Beafts when they are in |
{trength do add fome virtue unto inanimate things: As that the Skin of a| Sheep devoured by a Woolf moveth itching; that aftone bitten by aDog ial
Tt hath been obferved, thatthe diet of Women with Childe, doth work much uponthe Infant. As i the Mother eat Quinces much, and Coriander: | feed (the nature of both which, is to reprefs and ftay vapors that afcendto |
Wine or ftrong drink immoderately, or faft much, or be given to mt hy mufing, (all which fend or draw vapors to the Head) ir indangereth a Childe to become Lunatick, or of imperfe&t memory : And Tmakethe fam judgment of Tobacco often taken by the Mother, ° The Writers of Natural Magick report, that the Heart of an Ape Ww near the Heart, comforteth the Heart, and increafeth audacity. Iris true, th the Apeis a merry and bold Beaft. And that the fame Heartlikewife ofan Ape} applied to the Neck or Head, helpeth the Wit, and is good for the Falling fieknefs. The Ape alfo is a witty Beaft, and hatha dry Brain; which m
Dreams alfo. It may be the Heart of aMan would do more, but that i more againft Mens mindes to ufe its 3 “except it bei in fuch as Wear the Rel
of Saints. , | The Fiefh of a Hedghog deetted and eaten; is faid to be a great dtyel | Itis true, that the Juice of a Hedghog mult needs be harfhand-dry, pee it putteth forth fo many Prickles: ‘For Plants alfo that are fullof Prickles a G generally dry ; as Bryars, Thorns,’Barberries. “And therefore the pr of a
. Mummy hath great force in ftanching of Blood ; which as it
proved, thatthe Mofs which groweth upon the Scull of aDead Man
prec the Waretand dried. is a 20) (OGai BAY
ee er eremattendllon 9 ene monte. oerutmeenadl ee Fieieliciereitenaeeiaiaaetitedl PRI oN OT YE
- ESS eee - rl mS gy e a
Hi | Century “X. bie
{ | Ic hath been practifed toniake White Swallavs, by « anointing of the Eggs | with Oyl. Which effe& may be produced by Me ORpINE of the Pores of | es Shell, and making the Juice thac putreth forth the Feathers afterwards. more penurios, And itmay be, theanointing-of the Eggs willbe as cffe@u- al as the anointing of the Body. Of which, Vide the Experiment 93 . Itis reported, thatthe White of an Egg or Blood mingled with Salc- | water, doth gather thefaltnefs, and maketh the water fweeter. Thismay be | ‘|by Adhefion ; asinthe Sixth Experiment of Clarification. It may beallo, that | _ |Blood,and the White of an Egg, (which is the matter of a Living Creature) |have fome Sympathy with Sales for all mee hath pee ie With Salt.
feeth Blood, as wellas Blood draweth Salt. | Ithath been anciently received, that the Sea-Hare hath an, antipathy | with the Lungs, (Gf it cometh nearthe Body) and erodeth them... Whereof | the caufe is conceived to be aquality it kath of heating the Breath and Spi- | rits; as Cansharédes have upon the watry parts of the Body, as Urine and Hy- | dropical Water. Andit is a good rule, That whatfoever hath an operation pon certain kindes of Matters, thatin Mans Body worketh moft upon | thofe parts wherein thatkinde of matter aboundeth. i Generally that which is Dead, or Corrupted; ot Excerned, hath antipa- A ‘thy with the fame thing when it is alive, and when itis found, and with thofe | parts Which do excern: Asa Gareafs of Man ismoftinfeétions and Odious to | Man, a Carrion of an Horfe to an Horfe, &c. Purulent matter of Wounds ‘| ana Ulcers, Carbuncles, Pox, Scabs, Leprofie, tofound Flefh; and the Ex- } €rements of every Species rd that Creature’ that excerneth them, ° But the | Excrements are lefs permicious'then the corruptions. | Iisa commonexpeticnce, That Dogs know the Dog-killer; when as in times of Infe Aion’ fome pety fellow is feng out to kill the Dogs ; ‘and that ‘|| though they havenever fecn him before, yet they will all come forth, and / bark, and flie at hints. | The e Relations roineufina The Forceof Imagination, ai the Secret Inftinés | of Napare, are fo uncertain, asthey require a great deal of Examination ere. };weconcludeuponthem. I,would have irfirftthroughly inquired, whether jehere be any fecret paflages of Sympathy between Perfons of near Blood ;_ as | Parents, Children, Brothers, Sifters, Nurfe-children, Husbands, Wives, oc. There | be many reports in Hiffory, that upon the death of Perfons of fuch nearnefs, || Men have had an inward feeling of it.’ Imy felf remember, that being in | Pars, and my Father dying in London, twoor three days before my Fathers
| thers Houfe in the Countrey was Plai(tered allover with Black Mortar. There is an opinion abroad, (whether idle, orno I cannot fay) That loving and | Kinde Husbands have a fenfe of their Wives: breeding Childe Oy, fome: acci- | dentin their own Body.
| :°) Next to thofe that are near in Blood; theremay be the like pitfake and inftinéts of Nature between great Friends and Enemies. And fometimeés the | revealing is untoanother perfon, and notro the party himfelf. I remember | Philippus Cominevs (a grave Writer) reporteth) That the Arehbithop of Viena 1¢' day) after-Mafs to King Lewis the Eleventh of France, Sir, Your Mortal Enémy is dead; what time, Charles Duke of Burgundy | was flain arte Battel of Granfon againtt the Switzers. Some tryalalfo would bemade, whether Pad or Agreement do any things asif ¢wo Friends {fhould Jjagree, That fuch a day in’ every Week, they being in far diftant places,
\ death, I hadadream, which Itoldto divers: Englé/b Gentlemen, that my Fa- |
981.
982.
983.
984.
9352
986.
987.
TS
212
988.
939.
990.
991.
992.
993.
fhould pray One for another, or fhould put'on a Ring or Tablet one foran-
Butter or Cheefe, afterthe Churning, orthe Rennetbe putin,
- s ie a Vind f wi ° “ae 3 ~ Pay | 4 Me
Natural Hifloy;
+ Pa
aL i
others fake; whether, if Oneof them fhould break their Vow and Promif the other fhould have any feeling of it in abfence. | oe lf there be any force in Imaginations and AffeGions of fingu Pp ah fons, it is probable the force is much more inthe Joyne-Imaginations and Affections of Multitudes ; as if a vi€tory fhould.be won or loft in remote parts, Whether isthere not fome fenfe thereof in the people whom itcons cerneth, becaufe of the great joy or grief that many men arc poflefled wit atonce? Pius Quintw, atthe very time when that memorable vi@ory was won by the Chriftians againft the Turks, atthe Naval Battel of Lepanto; be a then hearing of Caufes in the Confiftory, brake off fuddenly, and faid to thofe about him, Ie isnow more then time ‘we fhould give thanks to. God for the greag Victory be hathavanted ws againft the Turks. cis true, that Vi@ory hada Sympa- | thy with his Spirit, for itwas meerly his workto conclude the League: Ie] may be that Revelation wat Divine. But what thall we fay then toa number | of Examples amongft the Grecians and Remans, where the People being in} Theatres at Plays, have had news of Victories and Overthrows fome few] days, before any Meflenger could come ? i gains, ~ Te istrue, that that may hold in thefe things which is the general Root}
of Superftition ; namely, that men obferve when things hit.and not when] - they mifs, and commit to Memory the one, and forget and pafs over the | other. But touching. Divination and the mifgiving of Mindes; we thall]| {peak more when we handle in general the Nature of Adindes, and Souls, and} Spirits. a nay . ; : id ok We having given formerly fome Rules of Imagination, and touching} the fortifying of the fame 5 .we have fet down alfo fome few Inftances and | DireAions of the force of Imagination upon Beats, Birds, Gc. upon Plants, |
| |
"21 and upon Inanimare Bodies :. Wherein youmuft till obferve, that your Tryals|_ be upon Subtil and; Light Mevions. and not the contrary; for you will] fooner by Imagination binda Bird from Singing then from Eating or Flying ;}_ and I leave it to every man to chufe Experiments which himfelf thinketh | moft commodious, giving now but afew Examples of every of the three} kindes., |.) +01 ese Ufe fome Imaginant ( obferving the Rules formerly prefcribed) for) binding of a Bird from finging, and the like of a Dog from barking. Try} alfo the |maginationof fome, whom you fhall accommodate with things to fortific it in Cock-fights, to make one Cock more hardy, and the other} morecowardly... It would betricdalfoin flying of Hawks, or in courfing te. of a Decror Hart,with Grey-hounds, or in Horfe-races, and the like com=} parative Motions; for you may fooner byImagination, quicken or flack a} motion, then raifeorceafeit; as. itis eafier tomake a Doggo flower, then } to make him ftand till, thathe may notrun....:. brodiht aaa
In Plants alfo you may try the force of Imagination upon the lighter | fort of Motions; as upon the fudden fading or lively coming up of Herbs ; or upon their bending one way or other, orupon their clofingandopen- | ing, &c. Halerrted F433 hx Miiog wiliougOjid ae 3]
ss “For Inanimate things, you may try the force of Imagination upor ing the working of Beer, whenthe Barm is put.in; or upon the com
{vo Atisan ancient Tradition, every where alleaged, for example ° Propricties and Influxes, That the Torpedo Af.rina, if itbe touched long ftick, doth ftupefie the hand of him that touchethic. It isone de: |
ie i Mi nappa ei
Bnet cl 1-0 =p coprocessor sect
Century X. working at diftance, to work by the continuance of a fic AZedium; as Sound will be conveyed to the Ear by ftriking upoaa Bow-itring, if rhe Horn of the _} Bow be heldro the Ear. Oty oer Montag tt | The Writers of Natural ttagick do attribute much to the Virtues that + come from the parts of Living Creatures, foas they betaken from them, che ') Creaturesremaining ftillalive; as if the Creature {till liviog did infulefome }immateriate Virtue and Vigor into the part fevered. So much may be true, -}that any part taken from a Living Creature newly fliin, miay be of greater “tforce, then if it were taken from the like Creature dying’ of itfelfs becaufe, iris fuller of Spirit. i ol ' Tryal would be made of the like parts of Individuals in Plants and _f Living Creatures ; asto cut off a Sfock of a Tree, and to lay that which you cur Off to putrefie, to fee whether it will decay the reft of the Stocks. or if | you fhould cur off part of the Tail, or Leg of aDog; of aCat, and lay ic to “putrefie, to fee whether it will felter, or keep from healing, che part which | remaineth. | | A TE Itis received, that ithelperh to continue love, if one weara Ring or }.a Bracelet of the Hair of the patty beloved. Bur that may be by the'exciting of the Imagination; ‘and perhaps a Glove, orother like Favor, may as well doit. | WG 20 YT iatorg bie | The Sympathy of Individuals that have beenentire, or have roached, | is Of all others, the moft incredible ; yetaccording unto our faithful manner } of Examination of Nature,we will make fone little mention of it. Thetaking, | away of Warts, by rubbing them with fomewhar thae afterwards is put to, | wafte and confume, is a commion Expetiments and Ido apprehend. it the, rather; becaufeof mine own experience. I had from my Childhood a Wart | apon one of my Fingers ; afterwards, when I was about fixteen yeats old, | being then at Paris, there grewupon both my hands aritimber of Warts (at | lea'an mndéedy ina moneths fpace. | “Phe English Ambaffadors Lady, who | was a Woman farfrom Supetitition, told'me. one day fhe would hélpme-as - | way with my Warts. Whereupon fhe gota piece of Lard with theskin on, _|and rubbed the Watts all over’ with the fat fide, and amongft the reff that | Ware which Thad from my Childhood ; then fhe nailed® the piece of. Latd, | with the fat cowards the Sun; upona poft of her Chambet-wiidaw, which was tothe South. The faccels was, that within five weeks {pace all the Warts | Went quite away, and that'W att which'l had folong endured, for company. Bue ae the teft I did little marvel, becauferhey came in.afhort time,and might goaway ina fhoit time agains but thegoing of that which had ftaidfolong doth yer ftick with me. ‘Phey fay the likeisdone by rubbing of Warts with a steen Elder-ftick, and then batying theftick torotinmack. | Ie would be } tried with Corns and Wens,: and fuch other Excrefcénices:°1 would have it alfe tried with fome parts of Living Creatares'thar are. heareftithe natarciof | Exttefcences; a3 the Combs of Cocks, the Spurs of Cocks, the Horns of Beals, cc. 'ahd'l wouldhaveitittied both Ways bothiby rubbing thofe parts with Latd or Elder as befotes ‘and by eutting ‘off fome piece of ‘thofe parts; afldlaying it toconfimié; "to fee whether it will work any effc&t. towards the | Confuniprion of chat part whieh was onedjoyned with ig) 70) oy 2" Tris conftantly received atid avouthed,’ that the anointing of the Wea- por fhar maketh the Wound; will Heal tlre Wound ivfelfnithis Experinent, ‘upon the relation of men of etedit; (though my: felf;'as yet; am norfully 1 inclined to believe it) you (hall note the Poings followihg,” Firft, che Oynt- ‘ment wherewith this is done, ismadeof divers Ingrediéhts ; whereof the om , __ftrangeft
994.
995-
996.
—
297-6
998.
Wa 7
| 214 " Nadlbral hifi; ae ftrangeft and hardeftto. come by, arethe Mofs upon the Skull of a dead Ma unburied, andthe Fats of a Boar, anda Bear killed inthe ad of gcne AION Thefetwolaft! could eafily {ufpe & to be prefcribed as a ftartling hole, tha | if the Experiment proved not; it might be pretended; that the Beafts were nor | killed in the duetime; forasforthe Mofs, itis certain there is great quan- | tiry of icin Lreland, upon flain Bodies laid on heaps unburied, The other In- | \ gredients are the Blood-ftonein Powder, andfomeother things which fe ie
to have avirtueto ftanch bloed, as alfothe Mofs hath. And the defcriptien
of the whole Oyntmentis to be found in the Chymical Difpenfasory of Crolliws.
R Secondly, The famekinde of Oynment applied tothe hurt it lelf, worketh not the effet, but onely applied tothe weapon. Thirdly, -which I like well)
they donot obferve the confeGing of the Oyntment under any certain Con-
ftellation; which commonly is the excufe of Magical Medicines when they |
| fail, tharthey were not made underafit fgure of Heaven. Fourthly, it may | { | be applied tothe Weapon, though the party hurt be at great diftance. Fifth- | ly, it feemeth the Imagination of the party ro be cured is not needful to con- |
cur, for it may be done without the knowledge of the party wounded ; | And thus much hath been tried, that the Oyntment (for Experiments fake) | hath been wiped off the Weapon without the knowledge of the party hurt, | and prefently the party hurt hath been in great rage of pain, till the weapon |} | wasreanointed. Sixthly, it is affirmed, That if you cannot get the weapon, | | [yet if you put an Inftrument of Iron or Wood, refembling the weapon | | into the Wound, whereby it bleedeth, the anointing of that Jnitrument will |_ ferve and work the effe&. This I doubt fhould be a device to keep this | ftfange form of Cure in requeft and ufe, becaufe many times you cannot | | comebythe Weapon itfelf. Seventhly, the Wound mutt be atfirft wathed | clean with White-wine, or the particsown Water, and then bound up clofe |
| in fine Linnen, andno more dreffing renewedtillitbe whole. Eighthly, the } Sword it felf muftbe wrapped up clofe as far as the Oyntment goeth, that it | takeno wind, Ninthly, the Oyntment, if you wipe it off from the Sword | and keepit, wil ferve again, and rather increafe in vertue then diminifh.Tenth- | ly. ic will cure in far fhorter time, then Oyntments of Wounds commonly do. | _
| Laflly, ir willcure a Beaft aswellasa Man; which I like beft of all the reft, |
becaule it fubjeéteththe matter toaneafietryal. ~ stated
j; 999. i 5 j ry. ef te
Experiment | a7 Would have Men know, that though Ireprehend the eafie pafling over of |
eeney: TF ateieauies of things, by afcribing them to fecret and hidden virtues and |
SewresProprie| proprieties (for this hath arrefted and laid afleep alltrue Inquiry aad Indica- | sitse tions 5); yet 1 do not underftand, butthatin the practical pare of knowledge
doth not apparently fucceed; for of thofe Remedies that are good fc Fahndies, Stone, AAgnes,@c, that. will do good in one Body, which wi dogood.in another,.. according to. the correfpondence the Medicine. h the Individual Bodyipsieci- jovi Joohesel onob ef ec diworee
ee a en ln SR ees ° oS a = re @ p<) ia} C. we pel) =] a. = ZS, an n. = re) ec [o) S | 2 ‘4 = q 5 2 bay wr i om Ss hel — 5 >= > = > = W a] = aco) > —_ fy) ‘5
215
Cemury X.
_ 1900. Expetiment Solitary, _ touching thé General Sym- pathy of Mens Spirits,
gy He delight which Men have in Popularity, Fame, Honor, Submifion; and T Subjettios of other Mens Adindes, Wills, or Affedtions (although thefe things may be defired for other ends) feemeth to be athing’init elf; without con- » J templation of confequence, graceful, and agreeable to the Nature of Man. _ 4 This thing (furely) is noc without fome fignification, as if all Spirits and {Souls of Men came forth out of one Divine Limbus ; elfe, why be Men fo much affeted with that which others think or fay ? The beft remper of Mindes, defireth good Name and true Honor; the lighter, Popularity and _-| Applaufe ; the more depraved, Subjection and Tyranny ; as is feen in great Conquerors and Troublers of the World; and yet morein Arch-Hereticks, | for the introducing of new Do@tines, is likewife anaffeCtation of Tyranny over the Underftandings and Beliefs of Men,
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Cceleration of time in Works of Nature, 67, In. Clarifi. cation of Liquor, 68, In fe-
[i= ; veral Maturations, 69. As 1 ari Fruits, ibid. Of Drinks, itid. {
Impofthumes and Ulcers , ibids>* Of » Metals,ibid. Of Clarification in wine, he 165. © Acceleration of Becrefattion , | Boil 7-3. Acceleration of Birth, 78. Of
| , a of it ibid. eAcceleration of, Germination, 89. By Y. three means, viz. Mending the Non- } no rifbment,90. Comforting the Spirits of the Plant, ibid. Eafe coming to 5 the. Nourifhment, g1- Several inftances |< thereof 39, 90, 91 | Aches in Mens Bodies rch rain, 176 | Egypt fearce hath any rain, 161. Egypti- | 40 conferring of bodies, 163. Their Bi: Mummies bs itid, | Equinottial more tolerable for beat, then the Zones, 87. Three canfes thereof
6 ibid.
, ] Ethiopes 87 Zina 165
| Afettarion of Tyranny over (Mens un- derflandings and beliefs 213
| Afettions of Beafts smpreffed upon inani- |. mate things 214 » Agarick 116,131
ral ways, idid. Infances tending there to, 20, 21. Converted into a. denfe .~ body, 4 rarity inXature, 7. Hath an Dt antipathy with tangible bodies , Zikte | Converted sxto water by repercnfron | -from hard bodies, ibid. Air turned into | water by the Same means that Ice, ibid, _ Congealing of air, So, Air condenfed ave 156
. t . ‘ :
] | |
Of the chief Matters contained in the
| CENTURIES
=» Growth or Tega) ibid. “Three means |
pedir turned i into water,6. By four feve- |
RY pent the canfe®ef Sounds, 32333, 34. ; Eruptions thereof, caule Sounds, ibid, ‘dir not always remy, to. Seunds,, 36 | efir excladed i in fome avon, probibirerh putrefattion, 75.) In fome canferh-ic, 76. The canfescf each, bid, Air com- prefed and blown ; probibsterl putre- | fallion ° 77 | Airs wholefome, en found out, 164.) The S putrefattion of air, to be difeerned a= forehand,1 73. Airs good torecoverCon- | © fumptions, 204;.' Air healthful within | ‘doors, bow procured sos abid, Air and Fire, fore[pewwihds: —)\%»9 74 Air, 21. The canfes of heat, and cold:in iy “ibid. Hath {pnt degree of light i ie tt,
ibid. '
har poyfoned by" art 202 | ‘Alchymifts — 71 ae Body preferved rill Cefars tize, oh 163 Aliments changed good 18 Alleys clofe gravelled-, we they bring ~ forth a, 117
4k Night sas 83 | Almond Butter for soning fick adbes better then Cullices 13 Alterations of bodies 179 | Altering the colours af Hairs and Feathers
18
Amber {mello ' 1
Anger, 150, The prep jon thereof, 151. Canfeth the eyes: to look red, 189. The
cafe ibid, Animate and alae st! Si they differ, 12 Annihilation, not pofsible iz Nature 18 Anointing of the Weapon. 213 Annual Herbs PAs L20 Antonius hz Beni weak, difore Auvutftus, 204
Aripathy cd Syriparby, 25. Of Plants, 101, 102,103, 104, 105. Inftances of Vv An- i
- . —— et AIEEE IO ee s — poe
|
Gi oe cnn
4
Antipathy in other kindes, 200, 210,
211,212, 213. Antipathy betweex ene. |
miesinabfence ~ PET It
Appetite of continuation in liquid bodies. ' NG 2 ai 6 >:
Appetite inthe Pomach, 176, what quale
ties provcke it, ibid. © Four caufes thereof » |
ibid. Apple inclofed in VV ate for Speedy ripening , 70,71, Hanged in {meak, ibid, Covered. ia Lime and Afhes,ibid. (overed with Crabs and Onions, ibs Apple in Hayand Straw, ibid, In aclofe box, ibid. Apple yolled, ib. Apple inpart cut, be/meared with fack ibid. Apple-cions grafted on the frock of a (ele-
wort } CT 77 Apple-trees , fome of them bring forth a
[weer Mofs — 114 Aquaefortis diffelving Iron y kG eArchbifhop of Vicnna hes revelation to
Lewis the Eleventh ap
Arrows with wooden-heads fbarpned, pierce, wood fooner, then with iron heads . 148
Artichokes made lefs prickly age \
Art of memory ox AG 27 Afhesin avefel, will ngt admit equal quane tity. of water,.asinthe vefel empty 10 Afhes anecxcellent compof— —... 123 Apeaufeth eafedeath > .. 132 Affimilation in bodies snanimate, 24. dn vegetables tb. 495179 Aftrittion probibitet h putrefattion 75 Attradion by [militude of fubftance 148, &.tgl
Audibles mingle in the medium, whieh vi fe bles do not, 53. The canfe thereof, ibid, Several Confents of audibles and uifibles, 68,59. Several Diffents of them,60,61,
Audibles and Viftbles 204
A ythority firengthneth Imagination | 206 nan
Ag growing in the fields 115
) Barrcl empty knocked, [aid to give a Diapafontothe fame Barrelfull 45 Barrenne{s of Trees, the.can[e 100
Bafil turned inte PVilde Thyme og me | Bafilisk 202 | Bathing the body, 156... VVonld not be
healthful for us, if it were in ufe, ibid, For the Turks geod wiih,
| Bearing in the wombs in fome creatures
longer, infome horter 159
| Beafts do not imitate Mans fpeech as Birds 0,55. The canfe,ibic. Beafts commu- |
_ nIcating in [pectes mith one another,138.
Likewife fome Birds, ibid, Becfts sn their
ae ee
A Fabicof thechief Mawers
which, good ; wo a Bodies conferved a lorg time 962; 1 ‘- Boldne/s andindsfiry, the power of them in
| eivilbufuefs — . 190,203 Boletus 930 Bolus Aymenus 147
= or oN 2 Pk ee «Ni se 1 a
‘ as. op hes. toe gah el
| ake.
kindes, lifer then Fifkes,1&4, Great then Birds, the caufe..—~ AD gine i has ee the taSke oF vittne ef the Herb they feed once dy epee Becfisfore them toe Se aed | Capon. Beer, how made,1:. A verge rt | ing drink ). 7a _ Bees humming an unequal fond Ss. | Birds have another manner in their gu ich ‘ning, thew Meu or Beafts, 25. Bir communicating in {pecies with one am other, 32, Swifter imsmotion then Beafts ibid.” The canfe, ibid. In their kindes, Iffer then Beafts or Fifhes, 184. The Canfe,ibid. Imitate Mans [peech, which
Bes Sts do not, 55. Thecanfe ibid, Birth of living creatures | 78 Black the beft colour in Plumbs Teg Blearneyes inf eftions i, 26 Bleeding of the body, at the i
murtherer og igen Blood, five means of flanching it~ Blood draweth{alt
Blood of the Cuttle-ffh Blood. Stone ; Blows and braifesinduce fwelli
_ of each a> [0 ay 27% ng an holethrongh a Tree, help
4,
meft of them havean appetite of adméte ting others intethim,169, Except ficme, ‘ibid, Bodies wnperfc tly asx 178 Bodies in naturethat give x0 founds, an that give founds _ 32,33, 34] | Bodies, t0 which, VV ines bartful, gpd to
Lal
Bones, 141,157. The meft fenfible of cold: 141. In what Fifhes wone, 157. One th the Heart of a Stag oo Sit
Boiling canfeth Graias.to [well ind
/ NG
Bracelets wors which comfore the 219. Their three feveral operations, Brains of [cme Becfts frengthenthe memory, : cia Brain increafed inthe Full Moom > > 1¢ Brafs fanative of wourds — ; Braf -plates cffw age fmelling Breath held, helpech hearing,
| Bryer-balb 17 || Bringing forth many at a birth, and but one, e160. The canfe of each ibid, Burning-glaffes rare. \. | Burning fome Vegetables apon the ground,
|. enrichethit pd y Borageslecf infufed 4 i cv growing on theyide of adead Tree ~ vaony @h \ 9\039
| Calamitas (2 wes Wyja ty 2s\ave Ql 37 | Candles of feveral mixtures,2. Of feveral BR wick, 83. Laid in Bran for lafting» idid. | Cantharides, wherefoever applied, affect the |. Bladder, 25,211. The Flies Cantha- » rides, 153. Of what [ubftance they are
Childrex born izt he feventh moneth, vital, in thecighth, not, 78. The canfe why, ibid, Over-much nourifhment, ill for children, ibid. Dry nourifbment, burt- fal, ibid. Nourifhment of an opening nature, good for them,ivid. Sitting much, hurtful for them, ibid. Celd things, hartfal, ibid. Long fucking, hurtful,
ibid,
Chinefes 71 Ciows over-rule the Stock, 93. CMaft be Superior to it,99, Cronsregrafted | 97 Cinnamon, 128, The Proprseties of that Tree ; ibid. | Citron grafted on a Quince ITO | Clammy Bodies 64, 65 Clarifying of Liquors by Adhefion, 2. Of Water running ibid. Clarification of Liquors, 67. Three caufes thereof, ibid. So. Clarification of them by estate, ibid, By evex diftribstion of the Spirits, ibid. By Refining the Spi- |. rity ibid. Several inftances of Clarified sion, ibid, 68. (larification of Drinks,
bred ibid. Carrying of foreign Roots fafe 128 Caffia ‘ ibid, Cafting of the skin or fhell, 154. The crea } tures that caff ether ibid.” | Caterpillars 5353 Cements that grow hard 183 Chalk, 4 good conspoft, 122,123. Good for P.fture, aswell as for Arable ibid. | Chameleons, 80, Their nourifhment, ibid. A fond Tradition of them . ibid. Chamelotted Paper 156 Change in Medrcines and Aliments good, 18, The caufe why idid, Charcoal vapor in a clofe room, mortal 202 Charms ' 205 cheap fuel 164
contained inthefée Centuries. i.
34
a
of themfelves, coldy ibid, ..Denfitypcanfe
Mat i om ibid, 69, Of Wines o913 7
Clarification my vs \ 062
Cloves, attrathive of Water Gar
Coafting of Plants vsvoo% >» 99
Coffee, a Berry making Dtsrk in» Turky Cold, 19 .Produthion ‘of th jia werp woe | work, ibid, Seven means .to producers, | ibid, 20, Primum Frigidum, the Earch, | 19. Tranfitive into Badses adjacent a well as Heat; ibid. AM cangsble bodies
of cold, ibid. Qaick»piritin a cold bady, increafeth cold, ibid. 20. Chafing away of the warm [piritsyincreafe af ‘cold; ib, | Exhaling of the warm fpirits, doth'the | like, ibid. Cold prohibiteth Putrefadiis | on, 75» Irritateth Flame 83 | Cold having mortified any part, how to help | it | | 166 | Coleworts furthered intheir growth by Sea- | weed, 96, By being warered with Salt= | water, 98. Hurt Neighbor Plants 101 Colick, cured by application of woolfs-guts
) 210) Colliguation 73, Cologuintida 202!
Coloration of Flowers, 108, (Colours. of Flowers different from the fame Seed,\ - Tog. Colours of Herbs ibid, |
Colours vani(h not by degrees, as Sounds.do, 51. The caufes thereof, ibid. Coloursof Metal Orient in their diffolutions, 64, The canfes x | ibid,
Comforting of the Spirits of Men by feveral things 209
Compoftstovurich ground, 122, 123, 124, The orders ng of them for feveral grounds, 222, Sixkindes of them ibid.
Compound fruits, 100, How they may be made ibid.
Compreffion in folid bodies,2. Caufe of all violent motion, 3. Not hitherto inguired, ibid. worketh frft in round, then in pro- grefs, ibid. Easily difcernable in Liquors, - in folid bodies not, ibid, Compreffion ina brittle body, ibid. [2 Powder, ix Shot, ibid. To a preternatural extent,16, [x Sounds, ib. Compreffion of Liquors 187
Concoktion,179. The word lefs refrained then formerly, ibid. Not the work, of Heat alone, ibide The two periods of st
ibid.
Concords in Mufick 30 Coneretion of Bodies, 181, Diffolved bythe contrary ibid, Condenfing Medicines to relieve the Spirits 155 156
Condenfing of Air énto weight 2°
Cone |
Congealing Of / Airages 80 Confervation of Bodies longtime, 162, 163, | ic The canfes and helps thereof ibid, Gis. of Bodies in Quick-filver 168 ‘| Confitence of Bodies)» SZ 80 | Coufamptionsin what Airs recovered 204
| Contignons things their operations “~ 201 Copprce-woods haftacd 93 | Corak. : 126, 165 | No, fanaiicF rats 6 110
Carn changed by fowing often i inthe [ame | ground, 111. Changed into a bafer kinde by sthe fferility of the year, ibid, ‘The
oDifesfes thereof, 136. The remedy of
i the a ees ibid, 137. Choice of the
| bey Corn ibid,
Ca orrupttons 73 Court of Vulcan, near Puteoli 165
| Cramp,211,212. Twocures of it ibid,
Creatures moving after thefevering of the head, 88, Thecaufes thereof ibid,' Crudity 179 Cryftal in Caves, &1. Defignationof atryal for moking oft tt ibid Gucvabers made to grow fooner, 9% T bear two years, ibid. By fheeping their Seeds in Milks prove more dainty, 98. Made more delicate bythrowing in chaff whenthey are fet, ibid. They exceedingly ack moifture,tbid. VV ill grow towards a pot of water, ibid, cure by enftom, 17. Caution to be ufed in difeafes counted incurable, ibid. Cure by excefi,ibid. The canfe of it,ibid. Cure by motion of confext, ibid, Phyfcianss how to make ufeof thes motion ibid.) Curio(ities touching Plaxts, 107, 408,109, IIo Crrled leavesin Plants. pe a often, caufeth their lena ing 120 Cuttles blood 156 D.
Amps from Mines and oh aaaol 202 Day (howers, not A alias Fraits a
D
night. fhowers 135 Death without pain 232 Decolion maketh Liquors clearer, Infufon
thicker, 68. The caufe ibid, Deer,159. Their generating ibid, Degenerating of Plants, 110, 111, The {e- |
veralcaufes thereof ibid, Democritus 203 Deficcatton 74) Dew uoon Hills. better then Lupin Valleys D‘amsonds Cornilh
Diapafon, the fweeteft of Sounds, 30. The
A Table of the chief Fane
i or number of Eight, rather a thing received, then atrue colpntettiig } ibid. Half Notes of Necefity between | ~
the Unifon and Diapafon vibid. | Diet-drinks, 19, Moft tronblefome at firft sabid, | BD ifertiae: of Plants 127,122 |
Differences of feveral pafsions im matter 182 ; Digging of the Earth healthful 203° Di (cords in M1 fick. 30, 31 Difeafes contrary to predispo/ition, 17, W What the Phyfcian i to do in {uch cafes; ibid, Difeafes infections, 65. Die epide- | ‘mical 85 Difplec{ures and pleafwres of the fenfes 145 pe ie light, 151. The imprefsions
thereof ibid, |’ Diffolution of Iron in Inc fost 1664. Divination Natural : 172] Dogsknow the Dog-killer tern Double flowers . 109, 110 | Down upon the leaves of Plants, 117. 1 ;
virtue of [uch leaves. : Dreans pleafant and prophetical soul 4
by forme {mells |
Drixks, 69. The maturation of them, iid How it z wrought, ibid. VVherein it : differeth from clarification, ibid. Degrees |
of Maturation in feveral Liquors, ibid.
Maturation by isforcing the motions oft the Spirits, ibid. Quicksing of drizkthat : ds dead ibid, Drowning o of Metals 168, 169 i Drunken men,152, Their Sperm unfrasiful, i 153. T hey. are unapt for voluntary moti | on, iid, Imagine falfe things as to the 4 eye, ibid, Distempered fooner with mall} draughts, then with great ibid. } Drying the adventitious moifture, probibi-| teth putrefattion, 76, Mixture of dry} things prohibits it ibid, Dubhible Bodies 181,182] Dalcoration of thirgs, 132. of euctal:, 79. 4-0
Of truits by [everal ways, 186. The | , caufes of them ibid, Dungs of Beafts to inrith grounds, 122,
VV hich of themthe beft ibid, Da5t makethTrees fruitful 136} Dowarfirg of Trees — 113] @
Ar danger css to be picked i in yewring|
SHS « fe) a
£ arly Flowers and Plants aa Earth and Sand differ, 1, Earth Primvm} brigicum, 19. Infufions i in Earth 8a) The) (ffetls thereof, itia, Cantions to be nfed\ i} therein, ibid. Several irfiances oe ibid, |
| Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea
» Englifhmas hurt inthe Leg, hard to care
put forth Herbs, 117. The nature of thofe Herbs, ivid, what Earth tukes out of fhady and watry woods will put forth, ibid, Earth upon Earth, a good Compost, 123. Earths good and bad, 136. Earths Medicinal, 147, Earth taken near the River Nilus, 156, Earth pure, the healthfuleft (mel of all 203 2CcoO Ecchoes, 56, Artificial Ecchoes not known,
ibid. Natural Ecchoes where found, ibic.
The differences between the Concurrent
A Tranck, [topped at one end, ibid. The caufesibid. Etcho from within a Well; ibid. whether Ecchoes move in the fame angle with the original Sounds, ibide Plarality of Ecchoes +n one place, ibid, Back-ecchoes, ibid. Ecchoes returning many words,58, Eccho upon Eccho, 167, 168, The like betwixt an Houle, andan Hill, 58. Ecche will not return the Let»
Mixture of Ecchoes ibid, Edible flefh,and not Edible,1 86. The cafes of each _ ibid, Eggs, the yolks of them great nourijhers,14, How to be xfed, ibid, Yolk conduceth more to the wourifpment. white tothe
generation of the Bird peli S ‘Eighe, the (weeteft Concord in Mufick 30 sider fick put to tonfumé, taketh away
| parts - 213 ‘Electrum 168 Eleétrick Bodies ag ibid, Elm grafted Ico
Enforcing a thovght upon dnother,204, Ln- . france thereof, in a (a is ibid. | Three means by which it muft be wrought
2.045 205
166
Exvy ' 203,204 Epidemical D:feafes’ 35
Efculeat Plants; 129. Efenlent raw, ibid. Having p-fed thefire, ivid, Not Efcn- , lent at all © ibid. Eunuchs 142 Bxcrements ef hving creatures {mell1ll,177- T he canfe, 178. Some fmell wells ibid, The caufe,ibid. Boft odious to a creature of the fame kinde : Excrefcextes of Plavts,113, 114, Gc. Two tryals for Excref{cexces,u16 Excrefcences joyeed with Putrefattion =. ALT Ezercife;66.. 14 what Bodies hurtful, ibid, Not tobe ufed with a {pare diets ibid, Be- _ntfits of exercife, idid. Evils of exer-
ter S,ibid, Difference of Ecéhoes,ibic; |
-containedinthefeCenturies. = |
joid. Earth tcken out of the Vaults will
Eccho and tterant, ibid, No Ecchofrom |
a Sy LE
| Feathers of Birds, why of fuch fine colours,
{
erfe, ivid, Exererfe 1mpinguateth not [0 ) wauch as frictions, 19°, The caufe ibid. | Eye of the Underflanding, like the Eye of | Senfe 24 | The Eyes,1 88, Both move one way, ibid. See | better one eye (hut, ibid, Thecaufe, ivid, | why fome {ce one thing double, ibid, | Pore»blinde men fee beft near-hand, ibid. The canfe, ibid, Old men at fome diffance ibid,
Ejes are offended by over-great Light s,1 29. By enterchange of Light and Darkne on the fudden, vid. By fall Prints, ibid, wax redin Anger, inBlufhing not; rbid, The caufe of each, ibid. Eye remplaced,
°
hath recovered fight $8 E, | Cason of Hercules avd Hylas 4o Falling-/ickue{s, howhelped 210 Faftination 2.03 Fat extrathed out of fle(h aE DE E39 Fear, 149, 206. The imprefsions thereof 149,150
2. How the colour of themmay be chax- | ged, 24,25. Agechargerh them 183 Feathers burnt,{uppre{s the Adother . 204 Female and Male sn Plants,126. The differ | ences of Female and Male tn feveral li : wing creatures, 1843 The caufes thereof
: _- ibid. | Fetid {mells a ‘ 177,178 Fibrows Bodies won| Ree Ba OTB 2 Figsin the Spring, 96. Indian Fig 9-4 27 Figurable, and not Figurable 182 Figures of Plants Ba! 121 Figures or Tropes in Mufick, have anagres- ment with the Figures of Rhetoric, 31 | Fire Tanneth not aithe Sundoth 87, 88
Fire aud hot water, heat differently, 140. Fires fubterrany Bo t Fire and Aur fore(héw winds 174 Fifh of the Seas put snto frefh water 147,148 Fifhes forefhew rain i b Ow. | Fifbes greater then any Beufts, 184, The caufe ibid. Fixation of Bodies . S08. 2 e69 Flame and Air mix not,8, Except in the }. Spirits of Vegetables,ibid, And of living | creatures, ibid. Their wonderful effetts |. - mixed, 9. Form of Flame would be Glo- bular, and wot Pyramidal, ibid. VVYonld be a lafting Body, if not extinguifhed by Air, ibid, Afixeth not with Flame,ibid. Burns ftronger on the fides, then. in the midft, ibid. 1s irritated by the Air am- bient, ibid, Opinion of the Péeripateticks V 3
A Eable of the chiee Mattets ©
of the Element of Fire, ibid, upon Oil, as Air upon VV ater,24. Taketh inno other bodyinto st, but converteth it, 169, Flame caufing water to rife, 192, Flame, 81. Thecontinuance of it accord- ing to feveral Bodies; ibid, Obfervation about going ont of Flame, ibid, 32. Laff. ing thereof, 1n Candles of [everal mix- tures,ibid, Of feveral VVicks, itid. 83. la Candles laidin Brar, ibid. In Lamps, ibid: VW here it draweth the nouri{hment far, ibid, In a Turretted Lamp, ibid, VV here it x kept clofefrom Air,33. Ac. cording to the temper of the ir, ibid.84. Irritated by sold ibid, Fle(h diff olved into Fat, 139. Fle(h edzble and not edible,186, The cavfes of each, ibid, Horfes flefh fometimes ecten, ibid. Mans ficth Likewife,ib, Eatenbyvvitches ib, Flies inexce?, fign of a Pestileuttal year, 1555 The canfe ibid, Flights of Birds, the fwiftest motion, 139. The canfe thereof ibid, Flint laid at the bottom of a Tree,hath help - edthe growth, 93. The caufe ibid, Flowers {mel bet whofe Leaves {mell not,86, Flowers growing amongl? the Corn, and no where elfe. 108. Tohave Flowers grow upon Trees,102, To induce colour into Flowers, ibid. Flowersdouble, 109. To make them fo in fruitful Trees, ibid, Flowers,121. All exgui/itely figured Z ibid. Numbers of their Leaves ibid, Flying in the Air of a Body unequal, 167. Of a Body fupported with Feathers 198 Forming of parts 1 young Creatures 7 Foreign Planes 118, 119 Fowls, VVater-fowls forefhew Rain 175 Fragile Bodics,180, Thecanfeof their fra gility ibid, French-max hurt inthe head, hard to cure 166
Fryer Bacons L/lujion 160 Frittion, a fartherer of nourifbment, 16. Maketh theparts morefrefbly, 19¢. The caufe, ibid. Impinguateth move then Exercife, ibid. The canfe ibid. Frogs in exce?, a fign of apeftilential year, 155. The caufe ibid, Fruits, their maturation, 70. The caufes thereof, ibid. Several infbances thereof, ibid. 71. The dulcoration thereof, by other means,186, The feveral caufes ite Frait pricked as it groweth,ripens(oouer, 96.
| Frait-cree grafted upon a wild tree, 97.
Fruit dulcorated , by applying of Swines
dung,98. The caufe,ibid. Alfoby Chaff and Swines dung mingled,ibid. Enlarged by being covered with a Pot as it groweth,
Preyeth |
ibid. Fruits compound, 100, 101, Fruits }_ of diverskindes upon one Lree,to7, Fraits if divers (hapes and figures, ibid. 1c8, Fruits with infcriptions apoathem, ibid. Fruits that arered within, 109, Fruits coming twice a year, 119. Fruits made without core or flone, 110. Fruits that hive juyces fit for drink, 130. Unfit, bid, | The canfe of each,ivid. Fruits fweet before they be ripe,132.which never [weeten,icid, Fruit bl ffoming hurt by Siuth-winds 35 Fuel not confuming, 163, 164. Fuel con- fuming faft, ibid, Fuel cheap ibid, Full of the Mason, 193, Several effects of it, ibid. Tryals for further obfervations 194 Fumes taken in Pipes 202
*
G,
Alilzus hes opinion of the Ebbing and \
Flowing of the Sea” 167 | : Gaping a motion of Imitation “65 | a Garments, of what Plants they maybe made |.
! 1238
Gathering of wind for frefhne Generation, oppofed to corruption 73 Generating of fome Creatures at fet times | onely, of {ome at all times, 159, The caufe of each ibid, 160
Genius over. mastering 204; Germination accelerated by feveral means,|
90,913,907. Retarded by feveral meaus 92’| Guinny-Pepper canfeth fneexing 202 |. 4 Glafs,the materialsthereof in Venice 162 ||
Glafs out of Sand,164. Glafs, whether re- | moulten, it keepeth weight 169 | Globes at diftance appearing fiat 190 Gloworm 149 Gold, 71. The making of it, ibid.» 4 work poffible, but not rightly purfued, ibid, Difcourfe of a Stranger, touching the making of it,72. Directions for the mating of it,ivid. 73, Direétion of aTryal, ibid. S-veral properties of Gold, ibid, Gold hath init the least volatile of any Adetal
Gout, order incuring it . Grafting, 92. A late-coming frait upon an| early Fruit.tree,93, Grafts in great plen- > 17,95. Grafting meliorateth the Fruit, \ 97. Grafting of Trees that bear uo Fruit, enlargeth the Leaves, 100, Grafting of | — feveral kindes, mcketh not Compound) fruits : ibid, Grafting Vine upon Vine ‘23Ghe| Grapes, how they maybe kept longyt29, Ala) [0 by preferving of the flatk, ibid, | Gravity, 10, Motion of Gravity,tbid, 148.
Opin on
s a
Opinton of maving tothe Centre, avanity 10
Greatne[s, comparative of living Creatures : 184
Greenne{s in fome Plants all winter, 121, 122, The caufe ibid. Grief and pain, 150. The impreffions there- of opoigid, Growing of certain Fruits and Herbs, after they are g athered,7, 8. The canfe, ibid, Tryal,whether they increafera weight ib, Growing or multiplying of Metals 168 Gum of Trees 2 Gurepowder,8, The canfeof the great noife tt yieldeth, ibid, white giveth no found 3h)
H. | Airs of Beaffs, not of fa frefh colours
SB @ 2erdsfeathers,2. How the colour of
_ them may be changed, 24,25. Hair on | the Head of Children new bora, 139. Hair changing colour, 183. Hair of the party,5. Beloved worn, exciteth love
AF Hands have a [ympathy with the head and
other parts 25,26 Hard {ubftances 12 the Bodies of living crea- _ bures,157. Moft about the head, ibid, _ Some of them frand at aftay, [ome con-
tinually grow, ibid, All of them without
Senfe, but the Head 158 Hard Bodies, 181. The caufe idids
Heart of an Ape worn, increafeth audacity - 210 Haws and Heps inflorey portend cold Winters ‘ 155 Head cut off in fome creatures leaveth a Litsle (pace of motinz,88. Thecaufes idid. Realthful Airs oft.times withont fent 199,. 200 Hearing hth more oper ation upon the Man~ ners and Spirits of Mden,then other Senfes, 31, 32. Hinderances of Hearing, 62. ; Hearing hindred by Yawning, itid. The _ Caufe, ibid. Helped by holding the breath, ibid, The caufe,bid. Inftruments to help the Hearing, ibid.-U(ed in Spain ibid. Heat the chiefes power in Nature 27 How to make tryalof the highest operation of tt,ibid, Heat and time workthe like effects, 65. Their different operation in many things, ibid, Heat being qualified by Morfture, the effet, 140. Heat caufeth | the differences of Male and Female,184, Alfo many other differences thereupon, ibid. The [ame tempered with moiftare, ibid, The feveral effetts of Heat, 1n the 7
contained inthefe Centuries.
,
Sun, Fire, and Living Creatures, ibide Heat within the Earth, 191. Tryal of drawing itforth by the Moon-beams 193 Heats ander the Aguinothial, lefs then under the Torrid Zones, 87. Three caufes thereof ibid,
Heathen opinion touching the Generation of Creatuves, perfect by Concretion, refelrd
I
Heavenly Bodies, true Fires I e Hedg-hogs flefhy a good dryer 113 Heliotropia, 114, The caufes of their open ing and fhutting, or bending towards the San Daa he ie ibi¢. Hemlock caufeth eafie death | 132 Herbs removed from Beds into Pots, prosper better, o&, Grow {weeter by gutting off the firlt Sprout, 99. The cau(e thereof; ibid. Inquiry, whether they be made Me- dicinable, and how,105, Four, defignati- ons of it,ibid. heir ordinary colours, 109, Herbs growing out of the water without Rygots; 1176 ‘Growing out of the top of the Seawithont Reotssibid, 118, Grow- | ing out of Snom, ibids.. Growing ont of | Scone, ibid. Growing inthe bottoms of Mines, ibid. ‘None growixg out of Sea- fands,ibid, Herbs dying yearly,ibid, That last many years,ibid, [he largeft laft,not lougeft, as the largest Trees do, ibid. The caufe, ibid, Herb inlikene{s of a Lamb, 127, The Fablé of it, ibid, Herbs will fhew the nature of the ground, 135, Herbs which like to be watered with Salt-watbr 137. Herbs forefhew rain 176 Hiccough, 140. The canfe of st;ibid. Means toceafe it Neigh ibid, Honey, 127, 183, Several ways how it-25 afed ibid. Honey-dews upon certain Leaves and Flowers 104
nave #9 upper 158
Horas, 157. Horn’d Beafts Teeth 5 Horfes fle(h eaten, 186; HorfesTooththe mark
of their age, 158. Horfe-tooth Ring,good
forthe Cramp — T11, 17m Hot Bread nonrifhing in the odors thereof 203 Hamorsill lodged, very dangeross rs f K; J. a moft pernicious (nel 2or fewsnear ELS
Image, whether it might be feen without fee- ing the Glafs _- 160 Imagination exalted, 198. Force of st,ibid. 199. Three Castions about the fame; VVorketh} moft npon weak, perfonsy ioide |, 1%3=
are.
Imagination, 206. The kindes of it, ibid, The force of it upon another Body, ibid, 207, Several instances of it, ibid, & in feq. An inftance thereof by a Pair of Cards, ibid. Three means to impofe a Thought, 206,207. Defignation for tryal of the operations in this kinde, ibid. 207. To work by one that hath agood opinion of you, ibid, “To work by many, ibid. Means to preferve Imagination in the firength, ibid, 1¢ worketh more at fome times, then others, ibid, Lt hath moft force upon the bigheft motions,ibid, 208, 209,210, affects of the Senfe 168 Imaginations imitating the imitations of Nature, 1. Imitation in Men,and other Creatures, 55. eA thing to be wondred at, ibid. Several motions in Men of Im-
tation 65 Impreffible, and not impreffible 182 Lupulfion and percufsion of Bodies,16C, 161,
Tmpulfion of a Body unequal 167 Inanimate and Aximate, wherein they differ
: 125
Tyceafe, thought to dispo(e to devotion by the operation of the fmell 38°04. Incubus, how helped : 210 indian Earth brought over, hath produced
Indian Plavts,118, Indian Fig 127
Indian Tree with Leaves of great largenefs, and Fruit without flalks ibid. Ixd4ration of Bodies, 22. Three means to effect it, ibid. Examples thereof, ibid. 23. ladurations by Snow or Ice, ibid, By Me- talline watcrs, ibid. I” fome natural Spring-waters, ibid, Of Metals by heat- wg and quenching, ibid. By fire, ibid, By Decottions within water, the water xot touching, ibid, 24, Induration by Sym-
pathy 182 Inf ant in the VVomb, {uffering from the Mo- thers diet’ i3 Infectious Difeafes 65 Luflusnces of the Moon, 192, 1974 194. In number four ibid, Irfluxes of the heavenly Bodies. 200
Infufion in Liguors,4. A (hort ftay bef, ibid. Infufions tobe iterated, ibid, Ufem ful for Medicinal operations, ibid, -Tryal which parts iffue (ooneft, which floweff, 5. Evaporations of the finer Spirits, fome- times ufeful - ibid.
Infufion maketh Liguors thick, but Decotti- on clearer, 68. The caufe ibid.
Infufionsin Air,5. The feveral odors iffue
| at feveral times ibid.
Infufion in Garth, 83,84. The effetts of it,
ibid. Cautions tobe ufed ia its ibid. Sea veral inftances thereof ‘ibid,
npn ng
A Table of thé chief Matters 5
Inguination or Inconcottion 179 | Ta{criptions upos Fruits 108 | Infecta, 14.3. The same communicatedto all Creatures, bred of Pwirefaction, ivid, The difference of them according to ihe feveral matters they are bred of , 143, ) 144, 145. The enumeration of many of } them, itid, Several properties in them, | ibid, They have voluntary motion, ibid. Other Senfes, befide Tafte ibid. Invifibles in Bodies ought to be better ingui-
red 26 | Jovinianus the emperor 202 | Joy, 150, The rmpreffions thereof ibid. }
Joynts in fome Plants,121. The canfethere- )
of ibid, | Ippocrafs clarified ; 2 | Tron Inftr uments, hurtful for wounds 166 | + 85
iflanders Bodies
Ivy growing out of a Stags Horn Tis}.
Juices of Fruit fit for Drinks, 1-0. Unfit) for them, ibid, The caufe of each ibid.
L.
Adanum 128. Lard put to wafte,taketh away Warts 213 Laffitude 154 Lafling Trees and Herbs, 120, Defignuation _ to make Plants more lasting then ordina- | r ibid. Late Flowers and Plants IIg} Laughing,15 1,152, The impreffions there.\ | 0 a ibid, Leaning long upox any part 154,155 Leaping, 145. Helped by weights in the | hands ibid. | Leaves nourifh not, 12. The canfe 130, } Leaves of Trees and Herbs, 127. Plant without Leaves: 192 Left-(ide and Right, 190, Senfes alike, firong "on each fide, Limbs firongeft on the Right, ibid, The caufe of each ibid, Life,by what courfes prolonged 64. Lights over-great (ffend the eyes 188, 189 Light comforteth the Spirits, 211, Especi- ally Light varied ibid, Lincoftis mame Ligquefiable, and not Liguefiable,180, Bodées | that Lrquefie by Fire, ibid. Others that | by water, ivid. Sonse that by both ibid. | Liguors, their Clarification, 67, Three} caufes thereof, ibid, 68, Prefervation of Liquors in Wells or Vaults, 85. Lquors} comprefed, 187, Therr incorporation with Powders baie" | Living Creatures that generate at certain feafans onely, 159. Others HG all F feafous, ibid, ‘The canfe of each, ibid
i
T heir 1,
a a EP Ma og I
Their feveral times of bearing in the Vomb, iid, 160. The caufes thereof, ibid, The feveral numbers which they bring forth at a Barthen,ibid, The canes, ibid. Living creatures that will be tranf- muted into another (pecies, 111, Living
creatures forefhew weather 175 Love 203 Lucciole t# Italy - 149 Lupines 136
| Laff, 152. The imprefsions thereof — idid.
Lying, in what kinde of polfure healchful 154
M.
NW A Agical operations 128 2005 204 Maiz 13 (Male and Female, the difference of them in feveral living creatures, 84. The caufes thereof,ib, 125, Male and Female 4 Plants, 126. Male-peony, good for the Falling. ficknefs and Incubus 209 CMaleficiating, 192, Prattifed in Gaf- cony ibid. Malt, 123. The fwelling thereof, ibid. The ( weetnefs thereof ibid. CNans-ficlh eaten, 6. Breedeth the French Difeafe,ibid. Caufeth high imaginati- ons,ibid, Not in it felf edible, 186, The canfe,ibid, How eaten by Cannibals, ibid, VVherefore byVPitches ibid, Mandrakes 128 Manna 165 | March, towards the end, the bef? difcoverer of Summer fickneffes 173 Marl, a good Compoft 122) ¥23 Marrow ! 157,158 Maturation, 179. Of Drinks,69,70. Of Fruits, ibid. Maturation of Digestion ,
Se ‘ 71573
Meats inducing fatiety 66 Medicines. changed helpful, 12. Medicines which effet the Bladder, 25. Medicines condenjing, which relieve the Spirits, 155. Medicinal Herbs 104, 105 Magrims come upon rifing, not during the fittiz 15 Melancholly perfons difpofe the company to the like 26 Melioration of Fruits, Trees, and Plants, 93594; 95, 96, 97, 93,99, 100 Melc-cotones grow best without grafting,
97- The caufe thereof ibid, Memory the Art,207, Men, better places then words, itid, Memory ftrengthned by , the Brains of fome creatures 210 Menstrueus women - 202 Mercurial and Sulphur ous 78
contained inthefé Centuries.
A 3 ; nn a a ES
——>
Metals and Planes wherein they difer,126. | Growing of metals, 168. Drowning of metals, ibid. 169. Refining of metals, 183. Metaltine Vapors hurtful tothe Brain, 202. Metals give orient colours in their diffolutions, 64. The canfes ibids Milk warm from the Cow,a great nouri[h- er,14, How to be ufed, ibid. Cows Milk, better then Affes Milk, orthen womens Milk, ibid. Adilk, in Beafts, how tobe ine creafed,164. Milk'ufedfor Clarification of Liquors,69, Good to freep divers Seeds
_ 19,98. Preferving of Milk, 85. Milk * in Plants 131 Mildew 104, 136 Minced meat,a great nourifber,14. Howto be ufed ® “ibid, Mifletoe «16S Mixture of Earth and water énPlants 79 Moift Air, how difcovered 173 Moifture adventitions, canfe of putrefakion, | 68. Moifture qualifying heat, the effect, 140. AMfoifture increafed by the Moon, 193. Tryal of stin Seeds, ibid. in mens- bodies, ibid, Force of it ix Vegetables | 103, 104 Monfters | 100 Moon attrathive of heat out of Bodies 20 Moones ixflnences, 192,193,194. Innum- ber four,ibid. mtincreaferh moiffure ibid, Morfus Diaboli, az Herb 134 Mortified parts by cold, 166. Muff not ap- proach the fire, ibid. Cured, by applying Snow, ibid, Or warm water ibid. Mok, 75,113. where it groweth mof, ibid. The caufeof it, ibid. what it x, ibid. Mofs fweet, 114, In Apple-trees [weet, ibid, Infome other Trees Mother fuppreffed by burning Feathers 204. Mothers diet affetlerh the Infant in the womb 210° Mation hindreth putref attions 75 Motion of Bodies, 161. Motion of Liberty 3 Motion of Nexe, 192. Motion of Confent in mans body,10,17. Motion of Attradion would prevail if Motion of Gravity hin-
dred not 148 Motions in men by Imitation 65 Moulding of Frusts 108 Moulds oh}
Mountains great forefhew Tempefts early |
ay Mouth ont of tafte,141. what taftes it sid
not have ibid. Mualberry-leaf 161 Mummy ftancheth Blood 210
Murthered body, bleeding at the approach of the murtherer 207 Mufcovia
132 |
(acetate ROLL LA OT
7
Ae Remmpennneny—o- ame
Nitre, good for men grown, ill for children,
veft, 119, The caufe ibid. Mufhrooms, 115. Their proprieties, ibid. Several produttions of them, ibid. where they grow molt 131
| Mujick, 29. Mafical and Immufical founds,
ibid, Bodies producing Mufical founds,
ibid. Fall of Half-notes necefary in Majick, ibid, Confent of Notes tobe a- {cribed to the Ante-notes , not Entire Notes, 30. Concords Perfett, and Semi- | perfect, which they are, ibid. The moft odious Difcords of all other, ibid, Dif- cords of the Bile, moft difurbeth the Mujick ky ibid. 31. No Quarter-notes in | Mufick, ibid. Pleafing of fingle Tones, | anfwereth tothe pleajing of Colour, and of Harmony to the pleafing of Order, ibid, Figures or Tropes in Mujick have an agree- ment with the Figures in Rhetorick,ivid, Mufick, hath great operation upon the manners and fpirits of Mea,ikid. 31,32,
_ Concords and Difcords in Mufick,, are Sympathies and Antipathies of Sounds, 61, Inftruments that agree beft in Cone fore, ibid, inffruments with a double Lay of Stringss VVire y and Lute-ftrings 62
N.
Nm 63. Advice for the brue ine guifition thereof ibid. 64 | Natural Divination 172 | Negroes ! 88
Night-(howres better for Fruit, then Day | fhowres 135, 136 | Nights S:ar-light , or Moone(hine , colder then cloudy 188 | Nilus, che virtues thereof, 161, How to cla- rife the water of tt ibid.
73. Nitrous water, 80. Scoureth of it
elf, ibid. Niere mingled with water, m keth Vines Sprout, 96. Nitre upon the Sea.fands 163 ees Meats and BA ¥2, 13: Nourifbing parts in Plants 14,130 Nourifbi.ent,14, Five feveral Means to hilp it ibid, 15,16 Bocca iincat mended,agreathelp 95 | Nima’stwo Con/ins 163 O. 104
(ye leaves gather ‘Houey dews Oak-boughs put into the Earth, bring
an Nn oe eee, sel
va
AT able of the chief Matters |
Mufcovia hath a lave Spring,and early Har- |
ibid, 30, Diapafon the fweereft of founds ,
a ae
-
forth wilde Vives, 111. Siheapp 7 Oak bears the moft fruit among Trees, is | 15% The canfe ibid, Objects of the fight, caufe great delight in | the Spirits, but no great cffence, 189, The } { canfe “ibid, | Occhus, @ Tree ix ‘Hyrcania Odicus chicks, canfe the [pirits toflie 16 7} Odors ix fome degree, nourifp 204 , Oyntment ufedbyVVitches : ial Old Trees bearing better then rhe fame » ne
<
am |
131
Old men converfirg with young company, | hive long - 203 Onions made to wax greater, 9>. In grow.
ing, carry the feeds to the top Operations of Sympathy : Opium : | Order incarirgof difeafes 16,17] Orenge-flowers infufed, 4, Orenge-[eeds fown in April, will re forth anexcel- lent Sallec- herb Orris-root rx Ox-hora bringeth forth Ivy Ig Oyly fubftances and watry, 76. Commix- ture of oyly [ubftances, probibiteth putrefaction, ibid, Taraing of watry [nbftances into oyly,79. A great work | in Nature, ibid. Some inftances thereof | ibid, Oyl of Sweet-Almonds, a great nonrifher, i 14, How tobe ufed Pi ;
P.
Alliation in Difeafes 7. Pain and grief, 150, The inp ie thereof ibid. } Paintings of the Body, 155. Barbarous peo- | ple much given toit R 6,1 id,’ ! Panicum Pantomimi Paper chamoletted
See of their children, pets wine { to thems ie 2048 Parts in living creatures eafily reparabl | and parts hardly reparalde, 16. Parts of
Living creatures fevered, 216, rheiveipal tues in Natural Magick ibid. Pafsions of the minde, 150, 151, 42. The ir | Several imprefsions ibi Peaches prove bat without grep 0: The caufe thereof ibid, tr Pearl, [aid to recover the colour y inthe Earth si
HP) og
a 4a oo © Pep Der _ “oy + 155
Pepper-Guinssy, caufeth [neczing | 202 then the fenferibid. Lt worketh alfo at diftance, ibid. The bef means of prog- nofticat ing ibid. 172
| Percolation, inward and outward t, 2]
of the Brain, 203. Perfumes procure: _ pleafantand prophetical Dreams | 204 Perfons near in blood, or other Relations,
bawe many fecret paffages of fympathy ; 21
e2ly Peftilential years, 85, Their prognofticks 155$ 174, 173
Philofophy recerved 17 } Pilofity in Men and Beafts, 139, The caxfes thereof ibid. Piftachoes 13 |
Pit uponthe Sea-[hore, 1, Filled with water potable, ibid. Prattifed im Alexandria,
the canfe,itid. Intimewill become Salt again . Is Pityy151%. Theimpreffionsthereof ibid. Pius Quintus bs revelation, tosching the zsctory at Lepanto 212
(| Plague tran{mitted withont fent, 200, 201, | The fuppofed fent of it, ibid. Perfous Leaft apt to take it, and perfons moff, ibid. Plagues caufed by great putrefattions , 202, Prefervatives againft it 209 Plane-tree watered with wine - 128 | Plants, why of greater age then lin wing creatures, 15, 16, Dignity 6 Plaxts,89. Acceleration of their Ger- mination, ibid. 92,93,92. Retarding of their Germination, ibid. The Melio- ration of them divers ways, 93,94, 953
Hie in Winter, 66, Sympathy and Anti- _ pathy of Plants, 101,102, 103, 1C4. Plants drawing the fame juyces out of the earth, thrive not together, 101. Drawers of much nonrifhment, hurt their neighbor. plants, ibid. Drawing - Several juyces, thrive well together,102, Several inftances of each, ibid. Defeg- nations of further tryals hereof, ibid. Tryals sa Herbs, poyfonons or purgative, 303. Plants that die placed together, ibid. Tryal whether Plants will attract Water at fome diffance,104, Curiofties _ benching Plants, 107, 108, log, 110, Plants will degenerate, 110, 111, The feveral canfes thereof, ibid. Tranfmue- tation of Plants, ibid. Six defignations thereof, iid. 1125 113.. Their feveral excrefcences, 112, 1145 115,116,117.
<=.
Percuffion and impulfion of bodies 160,161, Perfumes Dryers, and Perfumes Moiftners
ES SE ee re ee nn ee ee nee
contained inthefe Cefituri¢s. |
Perception in al bodies, 171, More [nbtil
ibide And by Cefary ibid. who miffook |
I9T |
ive) mR =.
96, 97s 98, 99,100, Caufe why fome
viaftalks, vary The canfes.thereof, ibid, | Differences of Plants, ibid, 122,
Milk, in them, 131, . Plants with red
—————
*
Prick/es of. Trees, 116« Plants growing without feed, 117, 118. Growing ont of |
i ftone, ibid, Plants forengn, sbic® 119, Removed out. of hot. Cauntreys willkvep | their feafous, ibid, Set inthe Summer feafons will\profper in colder Cosntreys, ibid) Seafons of feveral Plants, ibid. Plants beating bloffcms, and young fruit, and cripe fruits together, 119, 120.. | Plants with joynts or kyuckles in the
Some | patting forth bloffems before lecves, 121, Others, leaves before bloffowss, ibid, The | cau(e of each,.ibid, .Plints grees all winter, 121,122, The eanfe, ibid. Plants | not (upporting themfelves, ib, The caufe ' of their flendernef, ibid. Plants and in- animate bodies differ in four things,125»
“126, Plants and Metals inthree, ibid,
Plants and Moulds, or Patrefabions, whereinthey difer, ibid, Plants and li-
wing Creatures their differences, 126,
127, (Male and Fem ale in Plants, ibid.
Plants whereof Garments are made,128,.
Plant ficeping, ibid, Plants with bearded
Roots, ibid, Plants efculent, 129, 130,
Efculent raw, ibid, Having peffed the
fire ibid, Parts in Plaxts that are n0xrifp-
ang, ibid. “Seeds in Plants, more ftrong
- then either Leof or Root,ibid. Thecanfe, ibid. & fome not, ibid; Plants with
juyce,132, No Plants have afalt tafe, | ibid. Plants with curled Leaves, 133, Plants may be tranflated into other Regt ons, 135. Yee they l:ke fome fails, more ther other, ibid, Several ixflarces there. of, ibid. Plant without leaves, 162. Sin-
gularities infever al Plants 138 Plifter hardued like Marble 165 Plaftered roum green, dangerous 202 Placés of Metals affwage [welling 187 Pleaf{ures and difbleafures of the Sénfes
: 145 Plough followed, healthful i. 1
Plumofity in Birds,139, The canfe thereof ibid,
Pleimss of what colour the bef, 109. The | ibid, |
dryer, the better fort Pnesmaticalsin Bodies Pomanders 303 Pont-Charenton, the Eccho there 57. Pore-blinde meu fee. bef néar hand, 188, T he canfe Potado.roots potted, grow greater Powder in Shot 3 Powders and Liquors, their Incorporation 6;
~ 181
90
ibid, |
Posfors rg
no
Se theme Ay DRC EEO LIN
oe
a Table of the chief. (Mates
Popionian of air | 201 || Poxfoning by [mells, ibid, 402, Caution | ret toiching poyfoning — Hib, |] \ <a). vane
Poyfonous (reatures love tolie under Odo- Varries ne giow hard ‘> aathhy IB 3 rate Herbs << 238 | Ox Quick. ae ilver wilb conforve Bas : Precious ftones comsfontlelie( nse 208 |< aot th a Prefervation of bodies from corruption 28 | Quickeflver sere to the paihe Lead Prefervation of Fruits im Ssrrups, 129. | a8: Al(o in powders, ibid.» when to gather Barer sta ee it fraits for prefervation, ibid, Alfo ix Root baw tae Bottles in.a.well,ib, Preferving Gr Grapes +) a La Long, ib. Mather way thereof 134 | RZ, “Wine or Beer. Ue 68) Prickles of Trees kav ROGET | Kain in Egypt fearce,161. The canfe} Procréations by copulationy and by putres || © side ibid. Several pregneficks of Rain } fattion, 194. The caufe af each» ibid. © 755176 WP 195 | Rainbow fa to bring Sricetwefake nt ( Prognoicksfor plenty orfearcity; t 138. Of ||. Plants underse ahh «cg 197 | pebilential years, 141s 155,177,173. |. Raws skins gaod to be applied to rg Of cold and long winters,194. By Birds, | 175. Of an hat and dryfummer,it.: By || Red within fome few fruits the Birds alfo,ib. Of winds, ib, Of great |.-Red juyce in Plants = tempefts,ib, Of rain, ib. From living | Reeds ho! creatures, ibid. From water fowls and | Refining of Metals 3 Land fowls,176. From fifhes,ibid. From | i Refrattion caufeth the pre vif ble to
beafts, ib. From herbs, tbid. From aches |) appear bigger, 160. Other obfervations iu mens bodies, ibid, Fromaworms, ibid. |» about Refrattions “ibid, | From the fooeating of folid bodies ibid. |» Repletion bindreth Generation — 94 i Propricties fecret pi 117, 214 |. \Reft caufeth Putrefattion e a54- Purging Medicines, §, Have their virtue Retardation of Germination gat ina fine fpirit. \ Endure not beiling, ibid, ie Rew helpeththeFig-tree = 402] Taking away their uapleafant tafte, ibid, |. Rheumes, how canfed % a
Several ways of the operatsons of purg- | Rite a nourifhing meat ‘ ing Medicines, 10,11, 12. They work | | Right-fide and lefr, 190. Senfes alike fring . _ Hpon their proper Hevurs 11, Medi-j |. on both fides, Limbs ee ou the ;
cines that purge by ftool, and that purge Right, ibid, the canfe of eae ibid, | ’ by urine, 12, Their feveral caufes, ibid. | Rooms built for health oA * 20f° work inthefe ways asthey ave given in Roots of fruit trees multiplied , 93, 94.) : quantity, ib. Preparations before purge Root made great, 95. By applying ‘Pani- ing, 12. Want of preparatives , what |. cum about it,ibid. Roots potted, growy wie it doth, bothin PATENES ibid, and |. greater, 99, 100, Roots preferved all} _ after purging ibid, |... winter,ibid, Roots of Trees that defeend | Putrefattion, 7%. Acceleration of tt, ibid, |. deep, 133,134. Others that [pred more, | The caufe of putrefattion, ibid, Pytre- ibid,’ The caufe of each, ibid, Roots of 7 fatlion, whence, 74. Fen. means, of in- Plants of three forts, Bulbens, Fibrous, hae patrefattions, iid. Probibsting Hirfute— 1285 of putrefattion, 75. Temmeans of pro- |» Rofa Solis the Rerb 104 i _ hibiting it, ibid, 76 Taceptions of pu- |, Rofes Damask how conferved == a3 a | _ trefathion, 70, Putrefattions for the | Rubarb infufed,4,5. Fora (hort meta moft part (mellill, 177. The caufes ibid. ibid. Repeated ssay be as trong ab Seam- ; Putrefattion from what canfes it com- momy, ivid. A Beneditt ‘Medicines 5 5.1 eth, 178 Putrefattion, anduced by the Cantion inthe taking thereof Ot 18 Wlooe-beavss 192 Ruf he <i 744 | Pytrefattions. of living creatures’, ie ah es otmen
oauled Plagues Ot | : OOF CT Ss. a ‘wee K | Putrcfied bodies moff odious toacreature of 1 Sad 2 agen a pee
the (ame kinde.. soot -dhadbid? | itera bnditedess Py arhus bad bys Teeth undivided 158 | ) Salamander, 186, 187. The ca, Pythagoras his-Phslofophy. is a5 497. | eee endureth thefire a, of
Salt a govdC omnes 13 3. Salt in Plant. 832.4 | b _ Sale)
.' ; j ee
ee
| Salt-petre, how it may be bred : Saltawater poffed through Earth, becomes
—— os 19 | alll he
_ Salt hath afympahy with Blood,z11, Lt & anhealer,idid, mrifeth not in Diffil- lations 190, 191
123
frelh,1 . Four differences between the pafs-
| ing it in Veffels nndin Pits, 2, Salt-watzr good for to waterfome Herbs, 137,138, Salt-water boiled, becometh more potable, 190, 191, Salt-water fooner diffolving Salt, then Frefh-water, ibid, The canfe
: idid.
| Sand turning Minerals into a Glaffy (ub.
france 164. Sanguis Draconis, the Tree that bears it 132
Sap of Trees, 134, The differing a ale
_ thereof in feveral Trees ibid,
| Scarlet. dye 191, 192 | Scifible, and not [ci ffibte 182
| Sea clearer the North-wind blowing, then the South, 139. Sea, bythe bubbles fore. fbeweth wind, 175. Sea-water looketh black, moved ; white, resting,139. The caufe, ivid. seas (hallow and narrow ,
.. break more then deep and large 190 | Sea-filh putinto Fre(h-waters 147 Sea-hare coming near the Body, hurteth the
_ Langs 211 Sea-(and a good Compost, 123, Sea-[ands | produce no Plant . 118 Seafons of Plants 119 Secret proprieties 214,215 Secundine 154
Seeds in Plants, more frong then either Leaf or Root, 120, The eaufe, ibid.. Ln fome xot,itid, Seeds, their choice, 137.Plants Growing without Seeds 117,118 Sexfes,their pleafures and difpleafures, 145. Their insFruments have a fimilitade with that which giveth the reflexsonof the ob- 708 Lh NOR ‘Separation of feveral Natures by ftraining, 2, Of feveral Liquors by weight, 3. And of thefame kinde of Liquors thikned, 4.
Of Metals 169 Separation of the cruder parts prohibsteth
_ Putrefaction 76 Servets ufed in Turky 148 Setting of Wheat 95,96 Setting of Trees, higher or lower 99 Several Fruits upon one Tree 107 Shadehelpeth [ome Plants 95 Shadows feersing ever to tremble 190
Shame, 151, 206, The impreffions thereof 151
ie , ; . iG s ; 3 ey si 4 ~--. contained in thefe Centuries. | Shining wood
Showres good for fruits,135. Bor fome not, | ibid. . Neght-fhowres better then Dz. |
Shell-f(h bave no Bones within 157,189,190 | Shifting for the better, helpeth Plants and
Living Creatures
Fo
95 |
my
fhowres — 126 Showres after along drought, canfe fickneffes if they be gentle, 172, If great, not ibid.
Sickneffes of the Summer and the winter 84, Sight the objeth thereof, quicker then of . Hearing, 50, 51, Sight, 18%, 18¢. Ob geths thereof, caufe great delight in the Spirits, but no great offence, ibid. The caufe ibid. Silver more ealily made then Gold 71, 72 Simples fpecial for Medicines, 141,1426 Sach as have fubtile parts without Acrimony, ibid. CWMany creatures bred of Putre- fattion, are fo, ibid. Alfo Putrefaltions
of Plants ibid, Singularicies in feveral Plan's 138 Sinking of Bodies, 463. The canfe ibid. Sitting healthful < B54 Skull 157
Sleep agreat nourifher, 15. Sleep,15 6,157. Hindred by cold inthe Feet, ibid. Far- thered by fome kinde of noifes,ibid. Ncxz- rifbeth in many Beasts aud Birds, ibid. Sleeping creatures all Winter 2 Ra.
Sleeping Plants 128
Smells and Odors, 26, Beft at fome diftance, ibid. Best where the Body crufbed,ibid, Not fo in Flowers crufhed, ibid, Best in
Flowers, whofe Leaves [metl not, ibid. |
Smells fweet,177. Have all a corporeal Subfbauce, ibid, Susells fetide, ibid. 178, Smell of the Faol moft pernicious, 201.
_ Smells that are moft dangerous ibid, Snake-skin worn 209 Sneexing ceafeth the Hiccough,t04, Induced bylooking agasnft the Sun, ibid, The caufe thereof ibie. Snow-water,87. Snows caufe fraitfulsels, ibid, Three saufesthercof, ibid, Snow good tobe appledtoa mortified part, 166, The canfe thereof, ibid. Snow bringing forth Herbs 113 foals of the Feet, hive afympathywith the Head 25 Soft Eodiess181; The caufe, ibid, They are
of two forts * ibid. Solid Bodies fweating forefhew Rais 176 Soot agood Comspoft 123 Sorel, 137. The Root thereof ibid Sonal of the World 197, 198
Sounds Mujfical and Immufical 29 Sounds mere apt to procure fleep then tones, 31. Thecanfe, ibid. Nature of Sounds, not fufficiently inquired, 32. Atotions great in Nature without Sounds, ibid.
xX Nullity |
Cee SS SSS
7727?
Nal: ty and and nbiry cae Sounds, ibid, 2 34. Swiftnels of Motion, may make
Siunds inaudible, ibid, Sounds not an E- lilion of the Aur, ee T he reafons there- of, 35+ Soand not produced without fome local motion of the Medium, ibid. Yee diffinthion tobe made betwixt the motion of the Air, and the Sounds themfelves, ibid, 36. Great Sounds, caufe great mo- tions inthe Air, and other Bodies, ibid. ‘Haverarefied the Air much, ibid, Have caufed Deafnefs,idid. Evélofure of Sounds conferveth them, iride Sounds partly in- clofed, ara Pe open Air, ibid, Bet- ter heard {rom without,t ben from within, ibid, 4 Semi-cave will convey Siund, Létier then open Air.idid, Any long Pole willdo the lik2,ibid, Tryalto be madein a crooked ee ibid, Sounds may be created without Air, 37. Difference of * Sounds in different Veffels fled with water, ibid. Sound within a Flame, ibid, ‘Sound apon a Barrel ergptier or foller, ibid, Sound not created betwixt the Bow and the String , but betwixt the String and the eAir : ibid, Magnitude of Sound, 45, 1a aTranck,ibid, The caufe thereof, ivid. I» an Hunters
Horn bigger at the lower end, 3% The | caufe thereof, ibid, t22 Vault antler the Earth, ibid, The canfe thereof, ibid, I” Hawks Bells, rather then upon a piece of Brafs inthe oper effir, itic. In a Drum, ibid. Farther heard by night, then by
day, ibid. The caufe thereof, ibid, In creafed by the concurrext ii anion. ibid, Yncreasent by the Sound-board in tftru- ments,ibid, In an Irifh Harp, ibid. The
caufe of the loud found thereof, ibid, In ,
a Pirginal the Lid fhut, ibic. [naCor cave within a Wall, ibid. 38,39. Ina Bow-firing, the Horn of the Bow laid to the ear, ibid. 29. The like in a Rod of Ironor Brafs, ibid, The like conveyed by a Pillar of Wood, from an-upper Chamber toalower,idic. The like from the bottom of a well, ibid. Five ways of Majoration of Sigs ibid. Exility of Sounds through any porous Bodies, ibid. 39, Throughwateryivid.4o, ‘Strings’ flopped (hort ibid, Damping of Sounds, ibid, with a foft Body, ibid, Urawber , nat (0 founding as cold, ib, Water wart , nat fo founding i in the falt as Ve Sendak 27% * tbid, Loudnefs and foft zef of Sounds, differ from Magnitude and Exility, 41. |Londnefs of Sonnds, ibid. Quicknefs of Percuffion, caufe 7 the louduefs Abid,
Motions of Sounds, 49,
Men and Birds, ibid. an unequal Sinnd: 43. Metals quenched give an biffing Siang ibid.
Befeand Treble Sounds, ibid. Two canfes of
ciinlan Sounds. |
C Ommunication of 8 haan nt 404 Trequality of Sounds, 42. - ingrate, ibid, G rateful, ibid. | Mujeal hia and Immvfical Sounds,at pleafure ouely in | fi Hummnowng of Bees |
Treble in strings ibid. Provortion of thé ' a
Air percrf[ed in Treble and Bafe, 53. |
Tryal hereof tobe made inthe winding up
of aString, ibid. 44. Inthe diffances of |: Frets,ibid. In the Bores of Wind-Inforim |
ments. ibid,
ference,ibid. Several kinds of each ibid.
Articulation of Sounds, 46: Artienlate
Sounds ia every part of the dir, ibid, PV inds binder not the Articulation, ivid.
Diftance bindreth, bid. Speating under } water hindreth it not, ibid, Articulation |
requireth a Mediocrity of Sonnd, ibid,
Ccnfounded in a Room over an arched |
Interior and Exterior Sounds, as. Their déf- *4
Vault, ibid. Motions of the instruments \
of Speech, towards the forming of theLet- }
ters, ib. trftruments of Voice, which they
: are, ibid, 46,47. [narticulate Voices and ¥
Inaimate Sounds have a fmilitude with \
divers Letters ibid,
They move in ly
round,ibid. Aday move in an arched Line, |
ibid, Suppofed that Sounds move better
downwards then upwards, i ibid. 50. Tryal 1a of it bide,
Lafting of Sounds, ibid, Sitinds Continue not,
but renew, ibid, Great Sounds heard a
far diftance, ibid. Not ¢. in the inftant of ky ;
the Sound, but long after, ibid, Objett of Sight, quicker then Sound, 50,51. Sounds vanifh by degrees , which the Objetts of fight do not, \bid. The caufethereof ibid,
Peffage of Sounds through other Bodies, 51.
The Body intercepting , muft not be very
thick, ibid. The Spirits of the Body inter. \ - cepting . whether they comoperate in the |
Sound, ibid. Sound not heard ina long
ee
>
Se tee eee
downright Arch, ibid, Peffeth cafily | ¥ through Foraminous Bodies, wid. VV he|
[mall Crasnies 52
ther diminifhed in the palfage rails 4 CUedium of Sounds, ibid. Air the belt Me. 4
dium, ibid, Thin Air not fo good as thick ia
Air, ibid. VVhether Flame be a fit Me
. diumyibid. VVhet ber other Liquors be.\ d
fide water — “COS OT te Figures of the differents Me Sonndsy 52. $ ibi
veral tryals of them
minty Sounds, 53. tees min
satoyen maemo
The caufe thereof,ibid. Afixture without
Qualities inthe Air, have no operations upon Sounds, ibid, Sounds inthe eAir alter ove another, 54, Two Sounds of like
~ loudus[?, will not be heard as far again as ene,ibid. Thecanfe thereof ibid, CMelioration of Sounds,55. Polifhed Bodtes, created Sounds melioratethem, ibid. wet
ox the infide of a Pipe doth the likes ibid, Frosty weather canfeth the famse, ibid. Mingling of open Air with pent Air doth the fame, ibid. Fron « Bidyegual, [ound better, 55. Intenfon of the Senfe of Hear- tag, meliorateth them ibid, Imitation of Sounds, ibid. The wonder there- of in Children and Birds ibid,
R flexion of Sounds,5C. Thefeveral kindes , ibid, No refraction 1n Sounds obferved,s8, Sympathy and antipathy of Sounds, 61, Concords and Difcords in Mufick, are [yme- pathies and antipathies of Sounds, ibid, Strings that best agree in Confort, ibid, Strings tuned to anttni(on or a Diapafon, fhew a Sympathy,6>. Sympathy conceived,
to caufe no report, ibid. Experiment of Sympathyto betransferred to Wind-Inftrne ments | ibid, Effencze of Sounds Spiritual, 63. Sounds not Tmpreffions inthe Aur ibid, Caufes of the (udden Generation and Perilh- ing of Sounds ibid. Cosclufiontouching Saunds 63 Sourne{sin Frusts and Liquors, 187. The canfe of each, ibid, Souring of Liquors
- intheSun ibid, South-winds difpofe Mens Bodies to heavi- ne{s, 64. Southawinds burt alto Frait blofoming, 135. Ssuth-winds without Rain, breed Peftilence, with Rain not, 166. Thecaufes,ibid. Onthe Seascoatts not fo ibid. South-East, Sun better thenthe South-west for ripening Fryit ibid, Sparkling woods 133 Specees vifhle 160 Spirits in Bodzzs, {carce known, 26, Seve- ral opinions of them, ibid. They are Na- tural Bodses rarified, ibid. Canfes of molt of the effects im Nature, ibid. They have five differing operations, 73. Spirits inBodses,125. Howthey differ inanimate and inanimate, ibid. How tz Plants-and Living Creatures : 126 Again of Spiritsin Bodies, 181, They are of two forts, ibid. Motion of the Spirits excited by the Moon, 193, The frength- mag of them probibsteth Putrefattion 76
Se Saree Tyee eee re
ditinikion, makes the best Harmony,ibid,
contained inthefe Centuries.
Spirits of Men flic upon odious objetks, 167- The Tran{miffion of Spirtts, 193. & on fcyuentib. Trarf{miffion of them fromthe mindes of Men, 203,204, 206, 207, 208, 209, Such things as comfort the Spirits by fympathy, 203,209, The ftrife of the Spirits, beft helped by arrefting them for a
time ibid, Sponges 147 Springs of water made by art 6 Spring- water 87 Sprouting of Plants withwater ontly 133
Squill, good tofet Kernels or Plumb-fhone}
tn 96 Stags Hart with a Bene init 157 Stanchers of Blood 210
Stars lefer obfcured, a@ fign of Tempefts I
Sterility of the year, changeth Corn into an- other kinde ote And Stomach, the appetite thereof, 176. The qualities that provoke appetste; ibid, The
four caufes of appetité ibid. Stone wanting in Piumbs 110 Stretching, a motion of imitation 65 Stub old, putting forth 4 Tree of a better
kinde 111 Stucting,85. Two canfes thereof ibid, Subterrany Fires 78 Fa Ae sll for Children ibid,
Sugar, 127, 183. The ufe of it, ibid, Draweth Liguer, higher then the Liquor cometh 21
Sulphureous and Mercurial 78,79 |
Summer and winter fickneffts,84. TheProg. | nofticks of a dry Summer I
Sun Tanneth, which Fire doth not, 87, 88.
The caufe ibid. Superfetation,thecaufe of it 116 Super-Plants befide Mifletoe 135 Supporting Plants of them/félves, and not
fupporters ’ 122 Swallows made white, by anointing the Eggs
withOyl 211
Sweat, 148, Parts wider the water, though hot fweat not, ibid, Satt im eafte, itid. Cometh more from the upper parts the from the lower, ibid, More in fleep then waking, ibid. Cold fweat commonly mor- tal, idide 149. Sweat, in what difeafes good, in what bad, idid. In fome men have been {weet 2
Sweet Mofs, t14, 132. Sweetnefs of odor from the Rainbow, 176. Sweetnefs of odor, whether not in fome water, ibid. In Earth found, ibid. Sweet [mells, 177. } Several properties of them, ibid. They have aCorporeal (ubftances, ibid.
Sweetnefsin Fruitsand Lignors, 187, The
X 2 canfe |
RE
|
Oy
a
% I Ears of Trees
* | ne cemmeten
Swelling, how canfed in the Body, 74. How it may be kept down, 187. whyit follow. eth upon Blows and Bruifes ibid,
caufe of the different {welling them ibid, Swimming of Bodies, 163,166,167, The caufe 163 Swines Dung dulcorateth Fruit, 93, The caufe . ibid,
S ringing of Bottles,6&. The ufeof it ibid, Swoundings 203 Sylva Sylvarum, thermtentionof it 24,25 Sympathy aud Antipathy,25, Sympathy ix . Plants, 98. Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants IOI, 102, 103,104 Sympathy, 211, Inftances thereof, ivid.208, _ 209. Sympathy, fecret between Perfons, _nearin blood,210. Between great friends tn abfence, ibid. Sympathy betwixt Adul- titndes, ibid. Sympathy of Individuals 213
T.
Teeth, 141, 157. > Their epi © 128. Teeth fet on edge by harfh founds, 145.
_. The canfe,ibid. Sinews inthem, the canfe of their pain, not the Marrow, 158, 159,
Thew feveral kindes, ibid. Difference in
feveral Creatures, ibid, Horned Beasts have no upper teeth,ibid. Yooth,the mark of Horfes age, ibid, At what age they come forth in Men, ibid. VV hat things burt them,ibid. (Chiefest confider ations about the Teeth,15% Restitution of teeth iaageivid, VV hether st may be done or
0 ibid. Tempelts,thetr predittions 174 Terfile Bodies 181,182 Terra Lemnia 147
i Terra Sigillata communis ibid. Thales > 138
| Thiftle-down flying inthe Arr, forefbeweth
wind 175 Timber, 134, The feveral natures thereof, ibid, The feveral ufes according to the wature of the Trees 135 Time and heat work the like effedts,65, Their different operations in many things ibid. Titilation, 161. The caufe of it,ibid. Iz duceth laughing, ibid. Of the Noftrils, ibid.
|. caufeth [(necexing
Toad-ffool 11g Tobacco, 1855 203.. Englith Tobacco, how it may be mended 185
128
| A Table of the chief Matters
canfe of each, tid, Sweet thingscommix- ) Tones,29, Les apt to procure fleep, then ed, prohibit Putref attion 76 |
Swelling of Grains upon Boiling, 185. The |
0 ce res ey | OR S| ES ERS
Tongue fheweth readily inward Difeafes 141 Torpedo Marina aAL z Tough Bodies,18C, 1481. Theeanfe ibid. Tran{miffion of Spirits, 198 8 in feq. Ei; bt
Trees planted warm, 90, Houfing of them, j
, pulling of [ome Bloffoms, ibid, By cutting } off the top, when they begin to bud, 97- By
\ feveral applicatious tothe Roots,ibid, By}
Trees apparelled with Flowers, 1c8. Formea| Tran{mutation of Trees and Plants, 110.F Trees 1 Copice-woods grow more frraights, Trees full of heat, grow tall,ibid, The canfey
Trees that are VV inders, 113, The
“a a
ae ee TL
Sounds, 3%. Thecanfe why ibid. |
’ ‘
212 §
kindes of tranfmifsion of {pirits, 190, | 200,201. 45 of the airy parts of bodies, } itid, Of fpiritucl Species,ibid, Of {pi= } rits canfing Attrattion, ibid, Of Pirits | working by the Primitive Nature of Mat= 4 ter, ibid, Of the fpirits of the Minde of Man, ibid. Of the tfluces of the Hea-¥ venly bodies, itid. In operations of Sym-\ pathy, ibid. By [ympathy | of aelsic ‘
ibid,
92. Heap of Flint laid at the bottom, helpeththe growth, 93. Shaking hurteth | the young Tree, a grown Tree not, ibid. } Cutting away of Suckers, helpeth them, 4 ibid. How to plant a Tree that may grow \ Fair in one year, 94. Helped by boring a} hole through the heart of the Stock, ibid. By flitting the Roots, ibid, By Sreding apona wall, ibid, By plucking ff fome Leaves, ibid. By digging yearly about the Root,95. By applying new Moulds, stid. } Byremoving to better Earth,ibid, By fi. cing their Bark, ibid, In [ome kindes by | foade, ibid. By fetting the Kernels or } Stones in aSquil growing, ibid.96. By}
boaring them through the Trunck, and putting 12 wedges of hot Woods, ibid, By }
Terebrationagain,o&. The caufe thereof, } iid. ByJletting them blood,ibid. Grow} beft fenced from Sun aud wind,gg. Caufest\ of their Barrennefs, ibid. Helpsto make Trees fruitful, 100, Tree blown up bythe} Roots, and replaced, proved fruitful, 9§.\ Tryal of watering a Tree withwarm wa- \ ter,o7. Trees that grow beff without graft- \ ing, ibid. Fruit-tree grafted upom amot- | ter ftock, will growlarger,97. Trees re~ moved to be coafted asbefore,ibid, Lower | Boughs bring the bigger Fruit ibid,
ing of Treesintafeveralfbapes ibid.
< . eye ‘ * \ Sixdefignations thereof ibid, 1125 113 |
113. Thecaufe thereof ibid, 5 ibid. | canfet ibid.)
ibid, How to Dwarf Trees -
thereoe
| Trees moiffer yield lefs Mofs, 114, The canfe ibid. | Trees in Clay-grounds apt tagather Mofs,
ibid, The canfe ibid, Trees Hide-bound bring forth JAo/s ibid, Treesthat ripen late ft bloom earlieft Ihg
Trees thit laftlougeft, 120. viz. The largoft of body,bid, Sach as bring Maft or Nuts, abid. Such as bring forth Leaves late,
» and foed them late, ibid, Such as are ofter
ibid,
Venus,142. Inexce[s dimeththe fic ht, ibid, The Att of it. CMen-more inclined in winter, Women in Summer 143
Vermine frighted with the Head of aVVool,
210
Vefayits : 165
Vines made fruitful by applying the Kernels
_ of Grapes to the Koots, 10, The canfe thereof,ibid. Made to Sprout fuddenly | with Nitre, 96. Love not the C olewort, |
ERO. Vrue-Trees, 128,129. Anciently |
“OF Zreat bodies, ibid. Atongh wood dry, | ibid. Vines in fome places, not propped
125
contained inthefe Centuries.
eat a: wv Trees with fcattered bought, 121. with up- feen a far again as one, 54. The caufe right boughs, ibid, The caufe of each thereof ibiet, ve ibid. | “ifual Spirits infecting 202, 203 Tree Indian with Leaves of great largene{s, | Vitrial 12 and Fruit without talks - 127 | Vivification, 73, 74. The feveral things rem Tree in Perfia noarifhed with Saltewater quired toVivification, 143. The Proce/s ibid, 128 of at ibid. 194,195 Trees commonly fruitful, but each other , Ulcers inthe Leg, harder tocure then inthe - year 1.30 Head, 166. The caufe, ib, Difference of . Trees bearing bef. on the lower boughs, 131. curing them in a¥French-man, and an others on the higher boughs, ibid, The Enghifh.man ibid. canfe of each, ibid. Such as bear heft when | Unbarkt Branch of a Tree being fer, hath they are old,ix1, Ockers when they are grown,134, Barke will not ib. young, ibid, The canfe of cach ibid. | Unguentum Teli 200 Trembling tn (hadows 190 | Union, the force thereof in Natural Bodies, Tryals for wholefome Airs 164 24. Appetite of Union in Natural Bodies, | T2ft of ALofs on a Briar-bufh _ 117,| 64. Appegreth in three kindes of Bodies Turks great fitters,156, Tothem, Bathing q ibid, - good ibid. | Voice, the fhrilnefs thereof, 43. In whom Twice a year Fruits 119 efpectally,ibid, VV-hy changed at years of Tying of the Point 192,193" Puberty, ibid, Labor and Intention, con- Tyranny over Mens Underftandings and Be. duceth much to imitate Voices, 56. Imi: hefs mach affected PS tation of Voices,asif theywere at diftance . ibid, V. urine inguantity, agreat binderer of Nou- | rifhment 14 1s ial Chart coal, or of Sea. coal, or of a Room new plaftred, mortal 202 Ww. Vapors which taken outwardly, would con. denfe the Spirits 203 Armth , a fpecral means to mike: fg rotting upon the Lround, a good ground fruitful 423,124 | Compoft, 223. Several inflances thereof | warts taten avoay by Lard or an Bidersfiick| ibid. confuming 213 Venous Bodies 180 | water thickned in a Cave,20. Changed
— —— ne en tt canes - en,
Vine grofted upon V ine 43° 7 Vinegar 19+ Violet-Vi negar “+
Vifibles hitherto, the fubjetk -of Kiow/edze, 26, CMingle not inthe Medium a An- dibles do, 52.. the canfe thereof ibid, Se- veral confents of Viftbles and Audibles, §&. Several Diffents- of Vi fibles and Anu- dibles,60,61, Vifible Species, 160. Via fibles and Axdibles, 204, Two Lights of the (ame bignefs, will not make things be
TO i NE
fuddenly into Air, 24. Choice of waters, | 86. By weight, ibid, By boiling, ibid. By! longest lasting, imputrefied , ibid. By’ making Drinks ftronger,ibid. ty bearing Soap, ibid. By the places where they are, congregated, 87. By the Soil, ibid. wa- ters [weet, not to be trusted, ibid. well= water, ibid, water putteth forth Herbs without Roots, 117. Water «lone will: caufe Plants to fprout, ibid. well-water warmer in winter then in Sammer, 191. water rifing ina Bafon by means of Flames 192) water hot, and Fire, heat differently, 104, w ater \
Water cooleth Air, and moiffeneth it not 187,188
water may be the Medium of Sounds, 167. watry moifture endaceth Putrefattion,74., Turning watry (ubfiancesixto oily, 79s A great work in Nature, ibid, Four 1nftan- ces thereof ibid. 80. wrought by Digefti- on,ibid, watering of Grounds, a great helpto fruitfulnefs, 123,124. Cantions therein, ibid. Means towater thew ibid,
white, a penuriows colour,24, 25. In Flow= | ers, 108. Commonly more inodorate then other colours,ibid, The canfe,ibic. white more delicate 1x Berries, 109. The canfe thereof ibid. Not fo commonly in Fruits, | tid. The canfe thereof ibi white Gunpowder 425 43 wholefome[eats,164. Tryal for them,173- | moist Air, not good, ibids Inequality of eAir, naught ibid, swilde-frres, why water will. not quench thems 165 the Ground ae | windsSouthern, difpofe Mens bodies to hea
vine{s, 31, winds Sonthern without Rain
| wilde Herbs fhew the nature
| fevorifh 166 winds gathered for fre(hne[s, 164. Prog- nofticks of winds 174
| Winding Trees 113
wine burnt,5, Wine how tobe nfed in Con- {umptions, 14. Wine, for what Bodies good, for whas hurtful, 153. Wine cor- recked, that it may not fume — 165 wine new, prefently made potable 139 Wine and water, feparated by weight, 3, 4. Tryal hereof in twe Glaffes, ibid. When
A Table of thechief Matters
| Vater-Creffes 78 Collick, ibid. Head hanged up frighteth ' | Veapon anointed , 213 Vermin ibid, | weight of the Diffolution of tron sm Aqua- | wonder, 151. The Impreffions thereof ibid, | fortis 166 | Wood fhining inthe dark, 717,78
| wheat fet 95,96 | Wood-fear 104
it will operate, and when wot, ibid. Spirit of wine burnt, 82, Maingled with wax, | the operation of 1 a ibid. | Winter and Summer fickuffess 24, Signs of he a cold winter, 155,174, Winter Sleepers
I Witches, 19%, 199. work, most by Imagit nation and Fancy, ibid, 203,\ Witches Oynt ment 210 Woolf-guts applied to the belly, cwre the
Wool attrattive of Water,20, 25. Through } aVePel - ibid. world, (uppofed by fome to bea Living Crea- tare 197, 198 [ worms foretel Rain 176 Wounds, fome applications to them, 139 wounds made with Brafs, eafer to cure then thofe made with tron 166 wrifts have a fymparhy with the Head, and
other parts 25 Y)
Vans bindereth Hearing, 62. The
caufe, ibid, It 2 4 motionof Imitation,
65. In yawning, dangerous to pick the
Ear 140 Years fteril, canfe Corn to degenerate 111 } Yellow colonr in Herbs 109 |
Young Trees, which bear beft 13ty
Zz.
One Torrid, lef tolerable for Meats then the végusuottial, 87. Three canfest thereof ibid,
(ASEREDEMED BN SOSOOEDEI US
A
WEISOSIGIGIR?:
| His Lordpips ufual Receipt for the Gout (10 which, rhe
- Sixtieth Experiment hath reference) was this,
“Tobe taken in this order.
1. The Poultice.
R. OF Manchet, about three Ounces, the Grum onely, thin cut; let it be boiled in Milk till it grow toa Pulp; addinthe end, 2 Dramandahalfof the Powder of Red Rofes.
Of Saffron ten Grains.
Of Oyl of Rofes an Ounce,
Let it be fpred upon a Linnen Cloth, and applied Inke-warm,and continued}.
* for three hours fpace.
2. The Bath or Fomentation, :
Be. OF Sage-Leaves, half an handful. ~ OF the Root of Hemlock fliced, fix Drams, j Of Briony Roots, half an Ounce. . Of the Leaves of Red Rofes, two Pugils. Let them be boiled in a Pottle of Water wherein Steel hath been quenched,
till the Liquor come to a Quart; afterthe {training putin half an handful of Bay- Salt. .
Let it be ufed with Scarlet-Cloth, or Scarlet- Wool, dipped -in the Liquor hot, and forenewed feven times ; all in the fpace of a quarter of an hour or little more. bee
~
3. The. Plaifter.
Be. Emplaftrum Diacalcitheos, as muchas is fufficient for the pare you mean to cover; letit be diffolved with Oy! of Rofes in fucha confiftence as wil} flick, and fpredupona piece of Holland, and applied.
CREmERmaeA vas
ale tide
“es
Tix
\ “ i , \ ) y fi : » ; ‘ K , ° ' F Sa i | ‘ ‘ - : 4 " y i rset eA hy mien Se aa {% : i ta nk nf Leriaiiire oooh Ma slog 9 9 1B, A hati “oy 5 1 ‘ é j ‘ 1 , ey hy ‘ ’ i , ; 1 ; ‘ \ o i ’ 1j \ A May : me ply x 1 ’ i . : / ) ee ’ ry ' ; a is i ‘* 2 oe ae ane ‘ wre ly se Y . ve ’ 7 od ; y 4 5 ‘ Ve ( Lj ‘ ‘ t i NC: , Pas oe i Ax . . t ‘ . ’ u ie ey . { : a 4 rsa ) reese fl , : ~ \iak pas ’ is . ) * . P a v \ ~ ‘ I i my ol he . sT é A A i ‘ d \ fiver fi , 1 s LAr j vs f x 2 i ; ' \ . \ \y o 4 ir ” " ne J * P 4 é i ' ; 4 i } FP hd i" 2 ‘ Hl . BTM aR NOS d \ ~ 3 ™ f 1 PE ck a py Spee Par \ = Fara DAM) aid ahh 4 mes \ \ . ‘ eae " =
h ute \ « Se nar ce iW i
HISTORY Natural and Experimental : OF LIFE « DEATH: OR, Of theProlongationof LIF E
Written in bain by the Right Honorable Francis Lord Verulam , Vifcount St. Albans.
LONDON, Printed for VVilliam Lee at the Turks-head in Fleetfreet. 1669.
Ss eeemntais Ss ial
“4
isseiorni9@x Hd:
ease tegatana ae.
pe eS ce NES nd er
hey vais ee’ Peat , tT rin A a9 i f : » I 8 j j bi: * ) ee | o ; S " aha --% : o | ; 4 i os & ae nm ~ Ps
rine en rer
‘ N j 1 4 5} ethmenmmenmerntriniainimamyn titania acento Sy)! ecigme! cep mt ‘ : . > ‘ 4 { i | ue ' ae > ; ,? ney WC) Pere es / i 4 4 ree | Cn. ~ RR AS Oe Mee ‘ ov i ¥ j ee z § i ry r i § t) on.4 {u 4 : i a” ” week ww
aS { i i: ; i : , | ‘ tq 1 ; 4 } ' i : i!
\ ’ } es ’ i ‘ a 3 vy , . a -.f ee : = ° ‘ 4 i 3 ~ ‘ Pg i | ’ ae - R H . # Vv < | : t : % $ , | esenn NN eeeenel ememaienetienminmanimearin,. ce eee coicie 4 i ' ¥ ,
bsod-edaw” idg oy eat en 16 120 ao f sodA fhe
ii N ' : Ns ‘ CE oe Tce kt ane mek. cet ere ae ere ‘aay
~ 2
“sagtndiindindiing’n Hen creer anen ee
HISTORY
Life and Death. —
The Profuce.
SIT is an ancient faying and complaint , That Life is || fhort and Art long; wherefore it behoveth us, who
erry ||((/t
i Sq) make it our chicfeft aim to sae Arts, to take up- Bea) On us the confideration of Prolonging Mans Life , + [idl GOD, the Author of all Truth and Life, profper- 58 zt. ;
Ages) ing our Endeavors. - For though the Life of Man be e5 J} nothingelfe but a mafs and accumulation of fins and
forrows, and they that look for an Eternal Life fet but light by a Temporary : Yet thecontinuation of VVorks of Charity ought not to be contemned, even by us Christians. Befides, the beloved Difciple of our Lord furvived the other Difciples; and many of the Fathers of the Churck, efpecially of the holy Monks and Hermits, were long-lived : VVhich fhews, that this blefsing of long life, fo o'ten promifed inthe Old Law, had lefs abatement after our Savieurs days then other earthly blefs- ings had; but to efteem of this as the chiefeft good, we are but too |prone. Onely the enquiry is difficult how to attain the fame; and fo much the rather, becaufe it is corrupted with falfe opinions and vain re- {ports: For both thofe things which the vulgar Phyfitians talk of, Radical | Moifture and Natural Hear, are but meer Fi@ions ; and the vaigamee
| raifes
a7 iS ert Se
The Preface. a a '¢ praifes of Chymical CUedicines, firft puft up with vain hopes, and then f ail ie
their admirers. | And as for that Dearh which is caufed by Suffocation, Putrefacion, feveral Difeafes, wefpeak notof itnow, for that <Mains 16 an Hiffory 0! | Phyfick; but onely of that Death which comes rs total decay o , Body , and the Inconco@ion of old Age. Neverthelefs thi Jatt a of | | Death, and the very extinguifhing of Zife it felf , which may’ fo mahy } | ways be wrought outwardly and inwardly (which notwithftanding have, | — as it were, onecommon Porch beforeit comes tothe pointof death) will bepertinent to beinquired of inthis Treatife; but we referve that for the} © lait place. | | a i fad which may be repaired by degrees, without a tctal wafte of the firft tock, is potentially eternal, as the Veftal Fire. Therefore when Ply-] ficians and Philofophers faw that living Creatures werenourifhed and their | 1 Bodies repaired, but that this did laft onely fora time, and afte yards | came oldage, and in the enddiffolution ; they fought Death infomewhat | which could not properly be repaired, fuppofing a Radical Hata in- | | capable of folid reparation, and which, from the firft infancy, received | ‘a {purious addition, but no true reparation, whereby it grew caily worfe | and worfe, and, in the end, brought the bad tonone at all. This con-}
-
{ fome parts are reps eafily, others with dithculty androtheirlofs ; fo as from that time the Bodies of Men begin toendure the torments of a4e-|,
p Se wv et Se rs 2) = IQ = ce? =e eh, rt io) (e) 3. G =) pas) =o (a) =] ‘< bac er = ct Lays oO ao) fp mt et Ww ow p Loe} OU om <A = oO “ao =e = pf oOo — 9 Q. re) Q. o-
years, eafily repaired ; but the drier and more Lage parts Cas the}: cMembranes, all the Tunicles, the Sivews, Arteries,
thofe very parts which in their own nature are with much eafe repair-
able, yet through the decay of the Organs of reparation can no more re- iq
her about? > Ogd aoe Aatordis Therefore the Tnquifition ought to be twofold ; the one, touching. th eA
Confumption or Depredation of the Body of Man;,the other. touching the |) Reparation and: Renovation of the lame :.To the end, that the former may; ye : ‘as 4
{ een a eneersrenee moe
The Preface. |
_| as much as is pollible, be forbidden and reftrained, and the latter com- forted. ‘The formerof thefe pertains, efpecially to the Spirits and out ward Air, by which the Depredation and W afte is committed ; the latter to the whole race of ~Alimentation or Nourishment, whereby the Renovation or Reftitution is made. And as for the former part touching Confumption , thishath many thingscommon with Bodies Inanimate, or without life. For} fuch things as the Native Spirit (which is in all tangible Bodies, whether] living or without life) and the ambient or external Air worketh upon|
| Bodies Inanimate, the fame it attempteth upon Animate or Living Bodies ; | although the Vital Spirit fuperadded, doth partly break and bridle thofe
| operations, partly exalt andadvance them wonderfully. For it is moft manifeft that Inanimate Bodies (moft of them) will endure along time without any Reparation ; but Bodics Animate without Food and Repara- tion fuddenly fall and are extinguifhed, as the Fire is. So then, our Inguifition fhall bedouble. Firft, we will confider the Body of Man as Inanimate, and not repaired by Nourishment: Secondly, as Animate and repaired by Nourish-
| ment. Thus having Prefaced thefe things, we come now to the T opick places
of {nquifition.
AURA , “athe? Prot
\, e: ih? nag hes . " od ; ; VG RPh ARS ot NES S'S MORE, UR ' { Ae r Pa % SSUES pe Get bh it") 7 EW, * ae Oe MLN a Oe ee tthe # Sha: ah” /todtotbid bea dea whe dh CS eae a Ol
Tee rey ; ve 7 yee abe me: x Bp: | i; ( oy i bouts TRE he
| Giocinatneltnainaindtinatnatin diy BGG cee ae
TO PHE: READER? 0!
=> | Am to give Advertifement, that 25 Eas | there came forth of late a Tranflation dati | aall of this Book by an unknown Per/on, (W hat) who though he wished welltothe | eee! propagating of his Lord/hips W orks, fyet he was altogether unacquainted with his'| | Lordfhips ftile and manner of Expreffions , and. -|fo published a Tran/lation lame and defective in| {the whole. Whereupon I thought fit to re- commend the fame to betranflated anew bya 4 more diligent and zealous Pen,which hath fince | travelled init ; andthoughit ftill comes, short of that lively and incomparable Spiritand Ex- preffion, which lived and died with the 4uhor, | yet Idare avouch it to bemuch more warrant- | able and agreeable then the former. Itis true, | this Book was not intended to have been pub-} lished in Engifh ; but feeing it hath been already made free of that Language, whatfoever benefit or delight may redound from it; I commend the fameto the Courteous and Fudicious Reader. :
WR.
To the prefent Age and Pofterity,
Greeting.
Pepse|Lthough I bad rae the pene of) WA\ae| Life and Death asthe la/t among ft my | S1x Monethly Dehgranahiy yet [| have thought fit, in refpett of the prime fe |
thereof, (in which the leaft lof of time on be q | to O he efteemed precious) to invert that order, and to fend it} | forth in the fecond place. For I have hope, and wifh, thatit |
| may conduce toacommon good ; and that the N obler fort. of |
| Phyficians will advance their thoughts ,and not employ sbeir | i times wholly inthe fordidnef of Cures , neither be honored | for Neceffity onely , but that they will become Coadju- | tors and Inftruments of the Divine Omnipotence | and Clemency in Prolonging and Renewing the Life of Man; ejpecially fecing 1 prefcribe it to be done by | Jafe, and convenient, and civil ways, though hitherto unaffa wed. | :
For though we Chriftians do continually aire and pant | after the "Land of Promife ; yet it will be a token of | Gods favor towards us, in our journeyings through this | | Worlds Wildernefs, tobave our Shoes and Gar-.|
‘ments (I mean bole of, our bi Bodies) lle worn or) impaired, : woth) 543 Ose
. {
\ e
ase R, St ALBANS.
TPGUP SLPS DEEP GIES D
THE :
Particular Topick Places ;
- :
a See OR, IARTICLES of INQUISITION | peak ~ TOUCHING .
LIFE and DEATH.
@Irft, inquire of DN ature ditrablesatid Not durable, in Bodies Inani- #| mate or without Life, asalfo in Vegetables ; but that not in a large or juft Treatife, but asin a Brief or Summary onely. .
Alfo inguire diligently of Deficcation, Arefaction, and Con- fumption ot Bodies Inanimate, and of Vegetables ; and of the ways and procefles, by which they are done ; and further, of By US SeNGie Inhibiting and Delaying of Deficcation, Arefathion, and Con- pa ae aes) fy77ption, and of the Confer vation of Bodies, in their proper ftate ; andagain, of the [nteneration, Emollition, and Recovery of Bodies to their former frefh- efs; after they be once dryed and withered.
-Neither'need the Zzqaifition touching thefe things, to be full ot exad, {eeing they pertain rather to their proper Title of Nature durable ;. feeing alfo, they are not Princi- pals in this /nquzfitcon, but ferve onely to give light to the Prolongation and Inftauration | of Life in Living creatures, In which (as was {aid before) the fame things come to pals, | butina particular manner. So from the Legurfitron touching Bodses Inanimate and Vege- tables, \ctthe Jequifition palson to othet Leving (reatures befides Man: Inquire touching the dength and fhortnefs of Life in Living Creatures, with the due | citcumftances whichmake moft for theirlong or fhortlives,
-., But becaufethe Duration of Bodies is twofold, One in /dentity, or-the felf. fame fabftance, the other by a Rezovation or Reparation; whereof the former hath place onely [in Bodies tnanimate; the latter in Vegetables and Living Creatures, and is perfected by edlimentation ot Nouri/hment ; therefore it will be fitto inquireof Alimentation, and
of the ways and progreffes thereof; yet this not exactly;- (becaufe it pertains properly. | ‘tothe Titles of -Afimilationand Alimentation) but, asthe reft;in progrefs onely.
From the izguifiteon touching Living Creatures, and Bodies repaired by Nours{h- at, pals onto the 7quifttion touching Adan, And now beingcome to the principal ubjec of Inqusfiteon, the Jaquifition ought to be in all points more precife and accu- rates ;
‘Inquire touching the length and fhortnefi of Lifein Men; according to the ges of le #7 orld, the feveral R ggtons, (mates, and Places of their Nativity and Habitation. |) “Inquire touching thelengel and Jhortne/s of Life ineMen, according to their R and Families, asif itwerea thing hereditary ; alfo according to their Corgplexzons, Com= 4
| the making and compofition of their Atembers.. ; . . } Inquire touching the length and jhortnefsof Life in Aden, accotding to the timesof} }their Nativity; butfo, as you omit for the prefentall «4/frological obfervations; andthe | Figures of Heaven, under whichthey were born; onely infift upon the vulgar and i ; ; € __ manifeft
ee
_ oa
tutions, and Habits of Body, their Statures, the manner and time of theirgtowth, and}
To Se eg agen
26
vr
meee
Tein Tad De
manifeft Obfervations ; as whether they were born in the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, ¢ c
Tenth Moneth ; alfo, whether by Night or by Day; and in what Moneth of the Year.
\ Jee
i |
8. _ Inquire touching the Length and Shortnef3 of Life in Men, according totheir Fare, Dict, Government of their Life, Exercifes, and the like. For asforthe Air, i wh chi Meri live and make their abode, we accotint that proper tobe inquired of in the: eas | faid Article, touching the places of their Habztatzon. . Me a | a Inquire touching the Lengthand Stortne/s of Life in Aden; according to their Stu- | dies, their feveral Courfés of Life, the Affettionsof the Adinde, anddivers Accidents befal. | lingthem. | 10. a Inquire apart touching thofe «Medicines which are thought to prolong Life. _ ; \ Il. Inquire touching the Szgns and Prognosticks of long and hort life; not thofe which|
betoken Death athand, (for they belong. to an History of Phyfick) butthofe which are }
{een and may be obfervedevenin Health, whiethér they be Phyfiognontical figns, orany |
other. 4 . 3 . hs
Hitherto have been propounded Inquifittons touching Length and Shortnefs of Life,
befides the R les of Art, and inaconfufed manner ; now we think to add fome, which
fhall be more 4/t-/zke, and tending to practice, under thé name of /ntemzons, Thole
Intentions are generally three: As forthe particular Diftributions of them, we will pro-
pound them when we come to the Inquisition it {clf. The three general Zarentzons are,
the Forbidding of Wafte and (onfumprion, the Perfecting of Reparation, and the Ren owing
of Oldnefs. ; plies fo: ‘
12s “ Inquire touching thofe things which conferve and exempt the Body of Manfrom
Arefatiion and Confumption, at lea{t which put off and protraét the inclination thereunto. | _
13. Inquire touching thofe things which pertain to the whole procefs of Alimentation, |
(by which the Body of Man is répaired) that it may be good, and with the beft im- | provement. 1) |
14, Inquire touching thofe things which purge out the old atter,and fupply withnews; |
as alfo which do Intenerate and Moiften thofe parts which arealready dried and hardried, »
But becaufe it will be hard to know the Ways of Death; unlefs we fearch out and E
difcover the’ Seat,’ or Honfé, or rather Den of Death, it will be convenient to make In- f
quifition of this thing ; yet not of every kinde of Death, but of thofe Deaths which |
are caufed by want and indigence of Nourifhment, notby violence ; for they are thofe ‘
Deaths oncly which pertain toa decay of Nature, and meer old Age, : ih asl
15. Inquite touching the Point of Death, and the Porches of Death, leading thereun- |
to from all parts, fo as that Death be caufed by a decay of Natuce, and not by Viow}
lence.
Laftly, becaufcit is behovefulto know the Character and Formof Old Age, which | _ will then beft be done, if you make a Collection of all the Differences, both in the State | and Funétions of the Body, betwixt Youth and Old age, that by them you may obferye’ i what it is that produceth fuch manifold Effects; let not this nguiees be omitted.’ - 16. Inquire diligently touching the Differences inthe State of the Body and Faculties of i 17. the inde in Youth and Old age; and whether there be any that remain the fame with- t out alteration or abatement in Old Age. parted | ; ee
’
Nature Durable, and not Durable.
bs ‘, y has har oe’ , ‘ The History. “Ae ‘im en gee ; im 4 7. i Erals are of that long lafting, that Men cannot trace the beginnings of | them; and when they do decay, they decay through Rw/?, not through per-, fpiration into Air; yet Gold decays neither way. $s
'To the firft | e-drticle, (
5
a ; ‘i eee : _ Quick-filver, though it be an humid and fluid Body, and eafily aC yolatile by Fire 3 yet (as faras we have obferved) by Age alone, without Fire, itn wafteth nor gathereth Rutt. Ohad wea e. Stones, efpecially the harder fort of them, and many other Foffiles, are
eee pa — “4 = wa: Z - Z fi r =< : = ——
Lae Hiffory of Life wel Death,
TS RL Tawa eae ene ln eg A a ies a as deers elec eee ing, and that‘though ‘they be expofed to the open air; much more if they be buried
| in the earth... Notwithftanding Stoves gather akind of Nitre, which isto them inftead »{ of Ruft. Precious Stones and Cryffals exceed Metalls in long lating but then they ‘| grow dimmer and lefs Orient,if they be very old. ; ' | Ibis obferved, that Stones lying towards the North do fooner decay with age than. i thofe that lie toward the South ; and that appears manifcftly in Pyramids,and Churches; and other ancient 2a/dings: contrariwife, in /ron, that expofed to the South, gathers Ruf fooner, and that to the North later; as may be feen in the tron-bars of infinlo te.
| And no marvel, fecing in all putrefaction (as Rf is) Moifturchaftens Diffolutions; in all fimple Arefaction, Drinefs,
In Vegetables, (we {peak of fuch as are fell’d, not growing ) the Stocks or Bodies of harder Trees, and the Timber made of them, laft divers ages. Butthen there is difte- rence in the bedies of Trees: fome Trees are in amanner {pongy,as the Elder,in which the pith in the midft is foft, and the outward part harder ; but in Timber-trees, as .he Oak, theinner part ( whichthey call Heart of Oak) lafteth longer.
The Leaves, and Flowers, and Stalks of Plants are but of short lating, but diffolye into
| duft, unlefs they putrefie: the Roots are more durable.
The Bones of living Creatures Jatt long, as we may fee it of mens bones in Charnel. houfes : Horns alfo laft very long; fo do zeeth, as it is feen in Ivory, and the Sea-borfe
| Teeth. ~.
{ Aides alfo and Skins endure very long, as is evidentin old Parchment-books : Paper
likewife will laft many ages,though notfolong as Parchment.
‘Such things as have paffed the Fire laft long, as Glafs and Bricks; likewife Fle/h and Fraits that have paffed the Fire laft longer than kaw: and that not onely becaufe the | Bakinginthe Fire forbids putrefaction; but alfo becaufe the watry humour being drawn | forth, the oily humour fupports it {elf the longer. water of all Liquors is fooneft drunk up by 477, contrariwife O:/ lateft ; which we | may feenotonely in the Liguersthemfelves, butin the Lagzors mixt with other Bodies: for Paper wet with watcr, and fo getting fome degree of tranfparency, will foon after
wax white, and lvfe the tranfparency again, the watry vapour exhaling ; but oiled Paper
will keep the tranfparency long, the 0z/ not being apt to exhale :_ And therefore they | thar counterfeit mens hands, will lay the oiled paper upon the writing they mean to | counterfeit, andthen affay to draw the lines. Gums all of them laftvery long; the like do ax and Honey.
~ But the equal or avzequal ule of things conduceth no lefs to long lafting or {hort laft- | ' ing, than the things theinfelves ; for ismber, and Stones,and other Bodies, ftanding con- | tinually in the water, of continually in the az, laft longer than if they were fometimes , wet, fometimes dry : and fo Stones continue longcr, if they be laid towards the fame coaft of Heaven in the Building that they lay inthe Mine. The fameis of Plants re-
| moved, if they be coafted juft as they were before. :
—
OL fer vations.
r Et this be laid fora Foundation, which zs moft fure, That there is in every Tangible Li; 4 Spirit , or body Pucumatical, eaclofed and covered with the Tangible pares ; And that from this Spirit ts the beginning of all Diffolution and Confumption, fo as the A atidote again if? them isthe detaining of this Spirit. This Spirit 1s detained two ways: eather by a ttreight "nclofure, as st were i# a Pri- fon: or by akind of free and voluntary Detention Again, this voluntary ftay is ” perfwadedtmo ways : either if the Spirit it felf be not too moveable or eager to depart ; or if the external Air importune it not too much ta come forth. So then, two forts of Subftances are durable, Hard Subftances, avd Oily : Hard Subftance bsads in the Spirits clofe; Oily partly enticeth the Spirit to Stay, partly is of that nature that it is not importuned e Air; for Airzs confubftantial to Water, andFlame toOil. And touching Nature Durable and not Durable zz Bodies Inanimate, thus much. \ The Eiftory.
: i”
i | Erbs of the colder fort die yearly both in Root and Stalk; as Lettice, Purflane; alfo WVheat and all kind of Corn: yet there are fome cold Herbs which will lat €s3 three |)
» rs , ro *
a hee , + L
needa
| oh ee Tie Hiftory of Life and De
three or four years ; asthe Violet, Straw-berry, Burnet, Prim-rofe,and Sorrel. 7 and Buglof', which feem fo alike when they are alive, differ in their deaths; for Bo | will laft but one year, Buglofs will laft more. , oe 14. But many fot Herbs bear their age and years better; Ay/fop, th me, Savory, | Pot-mar- | joram, Balm, wormwood, Germander, Sage, andthe like. Fennel dies yearly in the ftalk, | buds again from the root: but ‘we and Sweet-marjoram can, better endute age | winter ; for being fet in a very warm place and wel-fenced, they will live more than | one year. Itis known, thataknot of Apffop twice a year thorn hath continued forty ears. oe 1 DE : Bufbes and shrubs liye threefcore years, and fome double as much. A Vive may at. tain to threefcore years; and contiaue fruitful in theold age. Rofe-mary well placed will comealfo to threcfcote years ; but white Thorn and /vy endure above an hundted- years. As for the Bramble, the age thereof is not certainly known, hecaufe bowin " the head to the ground it gets new roots, fo as you cannot diftinguith the old from the new. 2] Seana cles | 16. Amonelt great Trees the longeft livers are the Oat, the Holm, Wild-afh, the Elm, | the Beech. tree, the Chef-nut, the Plane.tree, Ficus Ruminuls, the Lore tree, the » alps. | olive, the Palm-tree and the Mulberry tree, Of thefe, fome have come to the age of | ighthundred years; but the leaft livers of them doattain to two hundred. ely i 17, But Trees Cdorate, or that have {weet woods, and Trees Rozennie, laft longer in their Woods or Timber than thofe above-faid, but they are not fo lotig-liv’d ; as the Cyprefs- | trees. Maple,Pine,Box, Funiper. “The Cedar being born out by the vaftnefs of his body, | . lives well-near as long as the former. ae 18. The .4/h, fertileand forward in bearing, reacheth to anhundred years and fomewhat better ; which alfo the Birch, ~Maple, and Sirvice.tree {ometimes do: but the Poplar, Lime-tree, villow, and that which they eall the Sycomore, and w alaut-tree, live | not fo long. ee . 19. The e4pple. tree, Pear-tree, Plum-tree, Pomegranate-tree, Citron-tree, Adedlay-tree, Black. cherry. tree, Cherry-tree, may attain to fifty-or fixty years ; efpecially ifthey be | cleanfed from the Mofs wherewith fome of them are cloathed. Sh Set 20. Generally, greatnefs of body in trees, if otherthings be equal, hath fome congruity | with length of life; fo hath hardne/s of fubjlance: and treesbearing Maf? or Nats are | commonly longer livers than trees bearing Fruit or Berries: likewife trees putting forth their leaves late, and thedding them late again, live longer than thofe that are early either in Teaves or fruit s the like is pf weld-trees in comparifon of Orchard-trees. And | — laftly, in the fame kind, trees that bear a fowr fruit out-live thofe that bear a fweer fruit.
J f . i
An Observation.
oa
Riftotle noted well the difference between Plants and living Creatures, im refpel} of } their Nourifhment azd Reparation: DX amely, that the bodies of living Creatures are confined withiz certain bounds, and that after they be come to their full growth they | are continued and preferved by Nourithment, but they put forth nothing new except Hair.| and Nails, whith are counted for no better than Excrements ; fo as the juice of living |” creatures mu/? of neceffity fooner wax old: butin Trees, which put forth yearly new boughs, | new fhoots, wewleaves, and new fruits, st comes to pafs that all thefe parts in \rees are Mf once a year young and renewed. Now zt being fo, that whatfoever 1s fre(b and young § — draws the Nourithment more lively and chearfully to ct than that which 1s decayed andold, } tt happens withall, that the {tock and body of the tree, through which the fap paffeth to the | branches, 7s refre/hed and cheared with a more bountiful and vigorous nouri{hment 47 the } palfage than otherwife it would have been. And this appears manifest ( though Ariftotle } noted it not, neither hath he exprefjed thefe things fo clearly and per|picnonfly) in Hedges, >. Copfes, and Pollards, when the plathing, fhedding, or lopping comforteth the old ftem or | ftock, and makech it more flourifhing and longer-lv'd. ae
a ee On a ee
ted { ’
—————
The Hifloryof Lifeand Death. |
. Deficcation, Probibiting of Deficcation, and In-teneration of that which | mage: |
is deficcated and dried,
. re, The Fiftory. .
Ire and ftrong Heats dry {ome things, and melt others. 7 rhe fe= Fk Limus ut hic durefcit, eo hac ut Cera lique[cit,Uno codemque Igne ? beslid Atti. How this Clay is hardned, and how this wax is melted, with one and the fame thing, | cle.
Fire ? It drieth Earth, Stones, wood, Cloth, and Skis, and whatfocyer is not Mqmefiable ; L and it melteth Metalls, wax, Gums, Butter, Tallow, and the like. Notwithftanding, even in thofe thingswhichthe firemelteth, if it be very vehement 2.
and continueth, it dothat aft dry them. For metal ina {trong fire, ( Gold onely .ex- cepted) the volatzdle part being gone forth, will becomelefs ponderous and mere brit- tle tate thofe osly and fat fubftances in the like fire will burn up, and be dried and parched. |
“ir, Specially open air, doth manifeftly dry, but not melt ; as Highways, and,the 3. upper part of the Earth,moiftned with fhowers, are dried; linnenclot bes walhed, ifthey be hang’d out in the azr, are likewife dried ; herbs, and leaves, and flowers, laid forth in the fhade, are dried. But much more fuddenly doth the az this, if it be either en- lightned with the Sun-beams, ({o that they caufe no putrefaction) or if the ar be ftir- red,as when the wezdbloweth,or in rooms open onall fides.
4ge mott of all, but yet floweft of all, drieth ; as in all bodies which(if they be not 4. prevented by putrefaction ) are drie with dye. But age is nothing of it felf, being onely the meafure of t2me ; that which caufeth the effet 1s the zative Sprit of bodies, which fucketh up the moifture of the body, and then, together with it, ; flieth forth ; and the ar ambient, whichmultipliethitfelf upon the zazive jpercts and juices of the bo- dy, and preyeth uponthem.
Cold of all things moft properly dreeth: for drying isnot caufed but by Contraétion ; 5. now contrattion is the proper work of cold. But becaufe we dex have heat ina high deorce, namely, that of Fre, but cold in a very low degree, no other than that of VViater, or perhaps of Jee, or of Suow, or of DNyere ; therefore the dryzng caufed by cold is but weak, and cafily refolved. Notwithftanding we fee the furface of the earth to be more arsed by Froft,or by Aarch-winds, than by the sua, {eeing the fame wind both |}.
licketh up the mosffure and aflecteth with co/dne/s.
~<a aA Hh AI EE EAI A GASES ASE EAR A
Smoak is a drier;as in Bacon and Neats tongues which are hanged up in the chimneys:and re Perfumes of Olibanum, or Lignum Alves, and the like, dry the Braiz,and cure Catarrhs. , Salt, after fomereafonable continuance, drzeth; not onely on the out-fide, butinthe J
infide alfo; asin Fle/h and Fifh falted, which if they have continued any long time have a manifeft hardnefs within.
Het Gums applied to the skin dry and wrinkle it; andfome affréngent waters alfodo | 8. thefame,
Spirst of ftrong waters imitateth the fire in drying : for it will both potch anEgg put 9 into it, and toaft Bread.
Powders dry like Sponges by drinking up the moifture, as it is in Sand thrown upon 10.
Lines new written ; alfo fm#oothne/s and politenc{s of bodies, ( which fuffer not the va- pour of moifture to go in by the pores) dry by accident, becaufe it expofeth it to the | ar 5 as it is feen in precious Stones, Looking glafjes,and Blades of Swords,upon which if you breath, you fhall fee at firft a little mift, but foon after it vanifheth like a cloud. And thus much tor Deficeation or Drying. They ufe at this day in the €ast parts of Germany Garners in Vaults under gronnd, | __t1- wherein they keep VV reat and other grazns, laying a good quantity of {traw bothunder the gracns and about them, to fave them from the dampnefs of the Vani ; by which device they keep their grains 20 or 30 years. And this doth not onely preferve them from fuftinefs, but (that which pertains more to theprefentéaqusfitton) preferves them alfoin that greennefsthatthcy arc fit and ferviceable to make bread. The fame is reported to have been in ufein Cappadocia and Thracza,and {ome parts of Spain, The placing of Garners on the tops of houfes, with windows towards the Eaft 12. jand North, is very commodious. Some alfo make two Sollars, an upper and a lower ; and the upper Sollar hath an hole it, through which the grain continually defcen- _-jdeth, like faad in an hour-glafs , and after a few dayes they throw it up again | with fkhovels, that fo it may be in continual motion, Now it is to be noted .: C2), that a ee et ee
TA.
15;
1G.
24.
25:
26.
: _ , =
13.
| Wieks s allo Wieks of Cotton fooner than thofc of Ru/b, or Straw, or {mall Tregs : and 4 | in Staves of Torches, thole of Juniper or Firre fooner than thofe of 4/h : hkewife |
as N M00 Fee a ‘. a4 a : . r . oe Pe wad 7 ‘ + ae b] S at > ee, ( a ‘ ~ ~ a hd 34 i"
ei ae | ; AEE pra <d, ce, 5 The Hiftory of Lifeand Death. =
a -
that this doth not. only prevent the Fuftinefs, but conferveth the Greenefs, and flack- | eth the Deficcation of it. The Caufe isthat which we noted before, That the difcharge- a ing of the VVatry hamonr, which is quickned by the AMorionand the Vinds, preferves | a the Oxy humour in his being, which otherwife would fly out together with the VVatr. | humour. Alfo in fome Mountains, where the 4ér is very pure, dead Carkafes may be | keptfor a good while without any great decay. mm z - Fratts, as Pomegranates, (itrons, Apples, vears, and the like; alfo Flowers, as Fofes a Lilies, may be kept a long time in Earthen Veffels clofe ftopped : howfoever, they are not free fromthe injuries of the outward 4ir, which will affe@ them with his unequal | Temper through thefides of the Veffel, as it is manifeft in heatand cold. Therefore it-will be good to {top the mouths of the Veflelscarefully , and to bury «them Within | the Earth ; and it willbe as goodnot to bury them in the Earth, but to fink them in the | Vater, {o asthe place be fhady, as in P/ells or CiSterns placed within doors : but thofe | — that be funkin Water willdo better in Glafsveflels than in Earthen. WA bort a Geiacrally thofe things which are kept in the Earth, or in Vaalts under ground, or} - in the bottom of a Well, will preferve their frefhnefs longer than thofe things that are, keptabove ground. Maaco Fe They fay ivhath been obferved, that in Conferdatories of snow (whether they were } in Mountains, in natural Pits, orin Wells made by Art for that purpofe) an pple, or} 3 Chef-nut, or Nut, by chance falling in, after many months ; when the Sxow hath } . melted, hath been found in the svowas frefh and fair as if it had been gatnered the day | -— before. | AS fe Country people keep Clu/ters of Grapes in Afeal, which though it makes them lefs- t pleafant to the tafte, yet it preferves their moiftureand frefhnefs, — Alfo the harder fort of Fruits may be kept long, not onely in Afeal, but alfoin Saw-duft,and in heaps of Corn. There is an opinion held, that sodses may be preferved frefh in £270rs of their own kind, as in their proper Menffrua; as,to keep Grapes in Wine,Olivesin Oz. ey Pomegranates and Quinces are kept long, being lightly dipped in Sea-water or Salt. water,and foonafter taken out again, and then driedin the open 477,fo itbe inthe Shade. | — Bodies put in ne, Oil, or the Lees of oul, keeplong; muchmore in Hony or Sperie of Wine; butmoft of all, asfomefay, in Quick-filver. ' Fruits inclofed in Wax, Pitch, Plaifter, Paffe, or any the like Cafe or Covering, | ~ keepercen very long. ; i It is manifeft that Fires, Spiders, Ants,or the like {mall creatares, falling by chance into ia Amber, or the Gams of Trees, and fo finding a burial inthem, do never after corrupt or | ‘] rot, although they be foftand tender Bodies. ‘ Grapes arc kept long by being hanged up in Puaches : the fame is of other Frits. For | i there is a two-fold Commodity of this thing: the one, that they are kept without pref- | fing or bruifing, whichthey muft needs fuffer if they were laid upon any hard fubftamce; | — the other, that the 4r doth encompafs them on every fide alike. LED It is obferved that Putrefattion, no lefs than Deficcation in Vegetables, dotlr not begin in every part alike, but chicfly in that part where, being alive, it did attract noutith- | — ment, ‘Therefore fome advife to cover the ftalks of Apples or other Fruits with Wax | or Pitch. ae ee 5, Great Wicks of Candles or 1 amps do fooner confume the Tallow or Os! than lefler |
Flame moved and fanned witht)se Wind fooner than that which is ffi: And therefore yj
Candles {erin a Lanthorn will lat longer than in the open azar. There isa Fradition, that | Lamps fet in Sepulcbres will laft an ncredible time. nelcomt “ih
The Nature alfo and Preperation of the N orifvment conduceth no lefs to the lafing of Lamps and Candles, than the nature of the Flame ; for Wax will laft longer than i
Tallow, and Tallow a little wet Yonger t' an Tallow day, and Wax candles old made
' ost
longer than Wax-candles new made. Se Trees, if you ftir the Earth about their Root every year, will continue lefs time ; |
f ; |g je eel if once in four, or perhaps in ten years, much longer: alfo carting off the Swekers and |
young Shoots will make them live the longer - but Danging them, or laying of % arl | about their Roots, or much Watering them, .adds totheir fertility, but cuts off : their long lafting. And thus much touching the Probibiting of Deficcation or Sumption. * er Ue
rye
’ é e , . RN a a ee ee | ae ey
The Hiftory of Life and Death.
The Inteneration or making tender of that which is dried (whichis the chief Mat- ter) affords buta {mallnumber of Experiments. And therefore fome few Experiments whichare foundin Living Creatures, and alfoin Afazfhallbe joynedtogether, Bands of willow, wherewith thcy ule to binde Trees, laid in Water, grow more flexible ; likewife they putBoughs of Birch (the ends 6f them) in Earthen Pots filled with Water, to keep them from withering ; and Bowls cleft with drynefs, fteep’d in Water, clofe again. iN Sachin, “ols, veiiheed
Boots grown hard and obftinate with age, by greafing them before the Fire with Tallow, wax foft, or being onely held beforetheFire get fomefoftnefs. Bladders and Parchments hardned alfo become tender with warm Water, mixed with Tallow or any Fat thing ; . but much the better, if they bea little chafed. tye
Trees grown very old, that have ftood long without any culture, by digging and opening the Earth about theRoots of them, feemto gtow young again, and put forth | young Branches. ' ila ans aa = Old Draught Oxenworn out with labor, being taken from the yoak, and put into
frefh Pafture, will get young andtender flefh again, infomuch, that they will eat as frefh and tender as a Steer. ult, '
A ftrié&t Emaciating Diet of Guaracum, Bisket, and the like, (wherewiththey ufe to cure the French-Pox, Old catarrhs, and {ome kinde of Dropfies) doth firft bring mento great poverty and leannefs , by wafting the Juices and Humors of the Body; which 4 after they begin to be repairedagain, feem manifeftly more vigorous and young. Nay, and I am of opinion, that Emaciating Difeafes afterwards well cured, have adyanced | many in the way of long life.
Obfervations.
mM: fee clearly, like Owls, tn the Night of their own Notions ; but in Experience, as in the Day-light they wink, and are but balf-fighted. They speak much of the Ele- mentary quality of Siccity or Drinefs,and of things Deficcating, andof the Natural Periods of Bodies, inwhichthey arecorruptedand confumed: But mean while, either in the begin- nings, or middle paffages, or lafts a€ts of Deficcation avdConfumption, they obfervene- thing that us of moment. % | _Deficcation ov Confumption zn the proces thereof, 1 finifhed by three AGtions 5 aad all th-fe (as was fated before) have their original from the Native Spirit of Bodies. ‘The firlt AGionss, the Attenuation of the Moifture énto Spirit ; the fecond 1, the Iffuing forth or flight of the Spirit ; che third us, the Contraction of the orofter parts of the Body zmmediately after the Spirit 1f[ued forth. nd thus laftis, that Deliccation and Induration which we chiefly kandle ; the former two conf{ume onely. .. Touching Attenuation, the matter 1s manifeft. For tke Spirit which ts inclofed in every | Tangible Body forgers not its nature, but whatfoever it meets withal in thé Body (in which it. tnclofed) that 2 can dige/t and mafter, and turn into tt felf, that it plainly alters and fubdues, and multiplesst felf upon rt, and begets new Spirit, dnd thisevitied by one proof, inflead of many; for thutthofethings which are throughly dryed are leRened in ther weight, | ‘and become hollow, porous; and refounding from within. Now st 1s moft certain, that the in- ward Spirit of any thing, confers nothing tothe weight, but rather lig'tens it; and there- } fore tt muft needs be, that the fame Spirit hath turned into it the moifture and juyce of the Body which weighed before, by which means the weight w leffened, And this w the firlt Action, the Attenuation of the Moitture, and converting it into Spirit.
_ Thefecond A&tion, which x the \fluing forth or Flight of the Spirit, tb ak manifeft 7 For that iffuing forth, when zt 1 in throngs, is apparent even to the fenfe ; sn Vapors to the fight, in Odors to the fmelling ; but if it if[ueth forth lowly, (as when a thing is decayed
by age) thenst 1s not apparent tothe fenfe, but the matter is the fame. Again; where thé
| compafure of the Body is either (oftreighr or [a tenacious; that the Spirit can finde no pores or.
Opes by which to depart, then, im the ftriving to get out, st drives before st the groffer parts
| of the Body, and protrudes them beyond the fuperficies or furface of the Body ; as itis 12 thé
ruftof Metals, and mouldof all Fat things. end this is she fecond AGtion, rhe tuing forth or Flight of the Spirit. bine 7
i The third AGion #s fomewhat more obfcure, but full dé certain ; that is, the Con-
| traction of the groffer parts after the Spirit sued forth. end thss appears, firft,in that
i Bodies After the Spirit sfued forth, do manifeftly fhrink, and fill a lefs room ; aa st i ~ .
‘ . a aeons phk deracesmcmons the
Sn Be »
. » . 7 oe >? t ? ’ a eT us |
The Hifoy of Life nd Debs
a
the Kernels of Nuts, which after they are dréed, are roolitele for the Shells ; and in Beams | and Planchersef Houles, which at firft lay clofe together, but after they are dried, give; and | likems[e inBowls, which through drought, grow full of cranies, the parts of the Bowl. con. | | tratling themfelves together, and after contraction muft needs be empty Shaces. Secondly; | | dt appears by the wrinkles of Bodiesdryed : For the endeavor of contracting ét felf % fuch; | | that by the contraction # brings the parts nearer together, and fo lifts them up; for whate'\ ‘foever ws contracted on the fides, 1s lifted up inthe midft: And this us to be feenin Papers } and old Parchments,andia the Skins of Living Creatures, and in the Coatsof foft Checies, | — all which, with age, gather wrinkles. Thirdly, This Contraétion fhews ot felf naoft in thofé 4 ‘things, which by heat are not onely wrinkled, but ruffled, and plighied, and, as ot were; ronled
lrogether ; as tt isin Papers, and Parchments, and Leaves; brought near the fire: For Cons traction by Age, which ts more flow, commenly caufeth wrinkles ; bat Contraction by the | —
Fire, which is more fpeedys canferh plighting. Now da moft things where it comes not to}
wrinkling or plighting , there 2 fimple ContraCtion, and angultiatiom or ftreightning; | muft ceafes and the Body becomeputrid, and nothing elfe but a little duft cleaving together, which with a light touch is disperfed and falleth afunder ; as it 1 te Bodies that aré It ts to be noted, that Fire and Heat dry onely by accident ; for their proper work i t0 a : attenuate and dilate the Spirtt dnd Moifture ; and then it follows by accident, that the other | Arefaétion ; but it goeth on afar different way: For in PutrefaCtion, the Spirit 2 nor fomply
| vapored forth, but-being detained in part, works firange garboils; andthegroffer parts are
| and induration or hardning, ad deficcation, as was fewed inthe firft place: Bit of the | iffuing forth of the Spitit , and abfumptiott or walte of the Moifture be fo great, that
rotten, andin Paper burnt, and Linnen wade into Finder, and Catkafes embalmed after "j many ages. And this ws the third ACtion, the Contraction of the grofler parts after thé | parts foould contract themfelves, either for the flying of Vacuum alone, or for fome other motion withal, whereof we now Sheak not. :
not fo much locally contratted, asthey congregate chemfelves to parts of thefaise natures > |
there ws not left body fuffictent to unite and contratt it felf, then of neceffity Contra@ion. Spirit ofzeth forth, It is certain, that Putrefation taketh its original from the Native Spirit, hole Gthén
Length and Shortnef of Lifein Living Creatures. | ; _ The Hiftory. — . 5 A 3) = Ouching the Length and Shortnefs of Life 2 Living Creatures, the Information ) _ which may be had, us but flender, Obfervation v negligent, and Traditionfabu= | lous. In’Fame Creatures, cheir degenerate life corruptech them; +n Wilde Crea= | afk, tures, thetr expofing toall weathers ofteninterceprech thems. WN either do thofe things. which may [ecm concomitants, give any furtherance to this tnformation, (the greatnefs of their Bodies, their time of Bearing in the Womb, the number of thecr young ones, the) — time of their growth, andthereft) inregard that thefe things aré intermixed, and [ometimes \'
they concur, fometimes they fever. B « welt gl 1 “Mans age (as fat as can be gathered by any certain Narration) doth exceed theagé . of all other Ziving Creatures, except it be of a very few onely ; and the Concomutantsimt shim: are very equally difpofed, his ffature and proportion large, his bearing in the womb ia nine moneths, his fr##t commonly one ata birth, hispwbertyat the age of fourteeriyears, | | his zzme of growing tilltwenty: f roy 22M Askyiyaaia
| “Fhe Elephant by undoubted relation, exceeds the ordinary race of «Mans life's
Fa
but his bearing in the Womb the {pace of Ten years, is fabulous 5 of two years, or at t leaft above one, iscertain. Now his bulkis great, his time of growth until the thirti-. : eth year, his teeth exceeding hard; neither hath it been obferyed, that his blood isthe’) — coldeft of all Creatures : His age hath fometimes reached to Two hitndted years. © |
te
gons are accounted long livers, becaufe many of them have been found Toothlefs,} pO Sal i seas . Vehipyd & A Td Les wee fy ; air panes rh i
la fign not {6 certain, forthat maybe caufed by their ftrong breaths _ )
bake The Bear isa great fleeper, a dull beaft, and given to eafe; and yet not no
' a at & .. ae || % RAEN , is” Ot a ih % ‘ eur ei ay ” f ia
+
\
‘TheMifinohlifiomDeat
for long life : nay, he hath this fign of thort life, that his bearing in the womb is bur -fhort,fcarce full forty days. __- :
The Fox {eems to be well difpofed in many things forlonglife ; he is well skinned, feeds on fleth, lives in Dens ; and yet he is notednot tohave that property. Certainly
) he isakind of Dog,aié that kind is but {hort-liv‘d. _ The Camel is along liver, .a lean Creature, and finewy, fo thathe doth ordinarily
attain to fifty,and fometimesto an hundred years, . , +) .. The Horfe lives but to a moderate age, {carce to forty years, his ordinary period | is twenty years: but perhaps he is beholden for this fhortnefs of life to A4az; for | we have now no Hor{es of the Suz, that live freely, and at pleafure, in good paftures. Notwithftanding the Horf¢ grows till he be fix years old, and is able for gencration in his oldage. Belides, the eMare goeth longer with her young one than a woman, and brings forth, two at a burthen more rarely. The af lives commonly to the Horfe's age; butthe AZz/e out-lives them both, ’ ». The Hart is famous amongf{t men for long life, yet not upon any relation that isundoubted. Theytell of a certain Hart that was found with a Collar about hisneck,
‘and that Collar hidden with Fat.. The long life of the Hart isthe lefs credible, be- ‘| caufe he comes» to his perfection at the fifth year ; and not long after his Horns ( which, he iheds and renews yearly ) grow more narrow at the Root, and lefs » branched. — The Dog is but a fhort liver, he exceeds not the age of twenty years, and for the ‘moft partlives notto fourteen years: a Creature of thehottefttemper, and living in ex- /treams ; for he is commoaly either in vehement motion, or fleeping : befides, the | Batch bringeth forth many ata Burden,and goethnine weeks. _- The Ox likewife, for the greatnefs of his body and {trength,is but a fhort liver,about | fome fixteen years, andthe eMales live longer than the Females ; notwithftanding they |: bear ufually but one at a burden, and gonine months : a Creature dull, flefhy,andfoon
-fatted,and living onely upon Herby fubftances, without Grain, | The Sheep{eldomliyes to ten years,though he be a creature of a moderatefize, and excellently clad; and, that which may,feem a wonder, being a creatute with fo little | | a Gall, yet he baththe moft curled Coat of any other, for the Aa of no Creature is {o | much curled as ool is. The Rams generate not before the third year, and continue
able for generation until the eighth. The Fwsbear youngas long astheylive. The |
10.
lis
‘Sheep isa difeafed Creature,and rarely lives to his fullage.
~The Goat liyes to the fame age with the Sheep, and is not much unlike in other | _ | things; though he bea Creature more nimble, and of fomewhat a firmer flefh, ‘and -fo {hould be longer-liv’d; but then heismuch morelafciyious; and that {hertens his
life.
1s
___ The Sow lives to fifteen years, fometimes to twenty: and though it be aCreature } of the mifteft flcfh, yet that feems to make nothing to Length of Life. Of the Wild _ Boar Or Sow we have nothing certain. <i ee The Ca#’s age is betwixt fix andten years: a creaturenimble and full of {pirit,whofe feed ( as Allianz reports) burncth the Female; whereuponit is faid, That the Cat con- "| cesves with pain, and brings forth with cafe: A Creature ravenous in eating, rather fwallowing down his meat whole than feeding. : __ Haresand Conies attain fcarce to feven years, being both Creatures generative, and with young ones of feveral conceptions in their bellies, In this theyareunlike, that the Coney lives under ground ; and the Hare above ground; and again, that the Hare is of a more duskith fleth. Birds for the fize of their bodies are much lefler than Beats; for an Eagle ot Swan | ee a {mall thing in comparifon of an Ox or Horfe, and fo is an Effrich to an Ele= | ant. , . : Birds are excellently well-clad: for Feathers, for warmth and clofe fitting to the body, exceed Wooll and Hairs. wipes __ Birds, though they hatch many young ones together, yet they bear them not all in their bodies at once, but lay their Eggs by turns, whereby their Fruit hath the more | plentiful nourifh ment whilft it is in thetr bodies. , Birds chew little or nothing, but their meat is found whole intheir crops, notwith- ftanding they will break the {hells of Fruits, and pick out theKernels : they arethought | to be of avery hot and {trong concoction. ee, et = , -
ts.
14s
15> iG.
“ae 18,
ig ’
24.
250
asa fign of his longlife, that he cafts his Bill, whereby he grows young again : fi m { :
- cafting of his bill is the renewing ofthe Eagle, for ates that his bill is sgrown Ka
| amoneft | wild Bawks forty years.
“the old ones muft tell their young thé Hiftory. But there is nothing more ea i
The Hiftory of Life and Death, .
The motion of Birds in their flying i is asmixt motion, contifting of at of the limbs , andof a kind of carriage ; whichis the moft wholiome kind c of ercife. , Piaee
_Ariftotle noted well touching the generation of Birds (but he er ed it other léveng Creatures) that the feed of thee Male confers leis to generatia Female, but that it rather affords Activity than Matter » fo that fruitful Fegs fruitful Eggs are hardly diftinguifhed, <|
Birds (almoft all of them) come to their full growth the firft year, or tier} It istrue, that their Feathers in fome kinds, and their Bills 3 in others, fhew their Phe), but for the growth of their Bodies it is not fo. p. ay
The Eagle’ isaccounted a long liver,yet his years are not fet down; andi it is “
whence comes that old Proverb, The old age of an Eagle. Notwithftanding perchance { the matter may be thus, That the renewing of the Eagle doth not caft his Bill, but the |
Gaotenncle the Eagle feeds with mech difficulty. ~ a
Vultures are alfo affirmed to be long livers, infomuch that they extend their life } well near to an hundred years. Kates likewife, and fo all Bards that feedupon fleth, | and Birds of prey live long. As for Hawks, becaufe they lead a degenerate and feryile life for the delight of men, the term of their natural life is not certainly known? ‘Not. f w ithftanding amoneft Mewed Hawks fome have been found to have lived oo yeats,and |
The Raven likewife is reported to live long - fometimes to an fonda years: he
$>'
| feeds.on Carrion, and flies not often, butrather is a fedentry and malanchollick Bird, |
and hath very black flefh. But the Crow, like unto him in moft things, (except in | greatnefs and voice ) lives not altogether folong, and yet is reckoned amonglt the long liver Ss The Swanis certainly found to'be a long liver, and exceeds not aie eam hundred years. He is a Berd excellently plumed, a feeder upon fith, and is always ¢ car- t ried, and that in running waters,
The Goofé alfo may ’ pals amongft the long livers, though his food be pia | grafs, and fuch kind of nourifhment ; efpecially the ‘Wild-Goofe ; whereupon this | Proverb grew amongft the Germans, magis fenex quam cAnfer nivalis, Older thana| Wild- Goofe.
storks muftneeds be long livers, if that be trac which was anciently obferved of | them, that they never came ts Thebes, becaufe that City was often facked. Thisif it } were fo, then either they muft have the knowledge of more ages than one, or elfe |
' F a ys i
a
Fables. For Fables do fo abound touching the Phenix, that the truth is utterly loft Gf} any fuch Berd there be. As for that which was fo much admired , That fhe was} ever feen abroad with a great troop of Birds about her, it is no fuch wonder ; for} the fame is ufually feen about an On! flying in the day-time, or a Parrot Jetout Asset , ‘ Cage. ; * The Parro* hath been certainly known to have lived threefcore years in England, | how old foever he was'before he was'brought over: a Bird eating almoft all kind of } meats, chewing hismeat, andrenewing hisbill ; likewife curft and mifchievous, and of | ha a black flefh. ean chied The Peacock lives twenty years ; buthe comes not forth with his4rgus Eye he be three yearsold; a Bird flow of pace, having whitith flew. The Dungtall- Cick i is yenerieus, martial, and but of a fhort life ; sa crank having alfo white eth. OTN Wilke Wadia Cock y coumnonly called the Tarksy-(ock, lives not much lon the Duaghill-(ock: anangry bird, and hath exceeding white flefh. The &ing-Doves are of the longeft fort of vere infomuch ehlatiey avail , times tofifty years of age: an aiery Bird, and both builds and fits oo high. But y and Turtles are but thort-liv’ d, not exceeding eight years. not Bat Pheafants and Partiges may live to finteen years. They a are great bree e not fo white of ficth as the ordinary Pullen.
The Hiftory of Life se Death, |
The Black bird is reportédto be, amongft the leffer birds, dnc of the longeft livers ; an unhappy bird,anda good finger. nh ye q Youn * The Sparrow is noted to be of a very short life; and it is imputed in the Males to their afcivioutnefs. But the Linnet,no bigger in body than the Sparrew,, hath been obferved | to have lived twenty years. | hee Of the Effrich we have nothing certain: thofe that were kept here have been foun- fortunate, that no long life appeared by them. Of thebird /:s we find onely that lic liyethlong, but his years are not recorded, | ' My , _ The age of Fives is more uncertain than that of terreftrial Creatures, becaufe living under the water they are the lefs obferved: many of them breath not, by which: ‘means their vital {pirit is more clofed in; and therefore though they receive {ome re- | | frigeration by their Gills, yet that refrigeration is not fo continual as when it is by breathing. , ! | phy i ths eo __ They are free from the Deficcation and Depredation of the Air ambient, becaufe they _| liveinthe water: yet there is no doubt but the water ambzent,and picrcing,and received into the pores of the body,doth more hurt to long life thanthe Air doth.
At is affirmed too that their blood isnot warm. Some of them are great-devourers, even of their own kind. Their fleth is fofter and more tender than that of terreftrial creatures : they grow exceedingly fat; infomuch that an incredible quantity of Oy! will be extracted out ofone#’hale.
Dolphins ace reported to live about thirty years ; of which thing a trial was taken in fome of them by cutting off their tails: they grow untill tenyearsofage,
|. That whichthey report of fome F/hes is {trange, that after a certain age theit bodies will wafte and grow very flender , onely their head and tail retaining their former greatne(s. SET ee tr vs Sheer aa
_ There were found in Cafar’s Fifh ponds Lampreys to have lived threefcore years:
they were grown fo familiar with long ufe, that crafus the Orator folemnly lamented one of them, Ph Wich PSMA Utd
The Pske amoneft Fishes living in fresh water is found to laft longeft; f{ometimesto forty years: he isa Ravener,of aflesh fomewhat dryandfiims _ But the Carp, Bream, Tench; Eel, and thé like, are not held to live aboye ten years. 3 eran are , _ Salusons are quick of growth, short of life; foare Trouts: butthe Pearch is flow of growth, longof life. ns Touching that monftrous bulk of the Y hale or Ork,, how long it is weiled by vital fpirit, we,have received nothing certain; neither yet touching the Sea-calf, and Sea-hog, and other innumerable Fz/hes. a ; is Ad He nae | ~ Crocodeles are reported to be exceeding long liy’d,aridare farnous for the time of their growth, for that they; arongft all other Creatures, are thought to grow during their | whole life: They are of thofe Creatures that lay Eggs, ravenous, cruel, and well-fenced _ | againft the waters, Touching the other kinds of shed-fi/b, we findnothing certain how long they lives . Cet te rey th ee Obfervations; } le “O find out a Ryle touching Length and Shortnels of Life #z Living Creatures és very _ difficult, by reafon of the negligence of Obférvations, and theintermixing of Canfes. A
é
few things wewill fer down, - id ESS Rea SS _,, There are more kinds of Birds found tobe long liv'd than of Bealts ; as the Eagle, the } Vulture, rhe Kite, rhe Pelican; the Raven, the Crow, the Swan, the Goole, the Stork, the | Crane, the Birdcalled the ibis, the Parrot; theRing dove, with the reff, though they come | ta their full growth withina year, and are lefs of bodses: furely their cloathing ts excellent good againft the diftemperatures of the weather ; and befides, living for the moft part in the , Open eAtir, they are like the Inhabitants of pure Mountains, which are long-liv'd. Again, | their Motion, which (as lelfe-where faid) #8 a mixt Motion, compounded of a moving of | their Limbs and of a carriage inthe Air, doth lefs weary and wear them, and ‘tis more whol- | | fome. Neither do they fuffer any compreffion or want of nourifbmentin their mother’s bel- \, pe betaufethe Eggs are laid by turns. But the chicfeft caufe of all I take to be chis,; that
Birds are made more of the fubftance of the Mother than of the F ather,whereby their Spirits are not fo eager and hot. 3
ie D2 | ii.
/t may be a Pofition, that Creatures which partake more of the fubftance of cheir Mother ; than of their Father are longer-liv’d, as Birds are ; which was laid before Alfo that thofe which have a longer time of bearing in the womb, do partake more of the fubftance of their Mother, le/sof the Father, and foare longer-liv’d: Infomuch that | am of opimon,that divest | amongfteMen, (which have noted in fome ) thole that refemble their Mothets moft are | longeft-ls vd; andfoare the Children of Oldmen begotten of young Vives, if the Fathers be
found, not difeafed. On Sibk Saae | | The firft breeding of Creatures 7s ever material, either to their burt or benefit: And) therefore it ftands with reafon, that the \eflet Compreffion, and the more liberal Alimenta-. tion of the Young one sn the womb, fhould confer much to Long Life. Now this happens when either the young ones are brought forth [ucce/fively,as in Birds ; or when they are agle Births,asin Creatures bearing but cneat a Burthen. — apes
But long Bearing zn the Womb makes for Length of Life chree ways. F irft, for that the young one partakes more of the fubftance of the Mother, as hath beenfaid, secondly, that at comes forth more ftrong and able. Thirdl, that it undergoes the predatory ‘force of the eAfir \ later, Refides, it fhews that Nature intendeth to fini[> her periods by larger Circles. “Now though Oxen and Sheep, which are borain the womb about fix months, are but fbort-liv'd, that | happens for other canfes. % "Be | Feeders upon Grafs and mere Herbs are but fuort livers ; and Creatures feeding upon Fleth, or Seeds, or Fruits, long liversyas fome Birds ave. 4s for Harts, which are lonce liv’d, | they take the one half of their meat (as men ufe to fay) from above their heads , Vad the} Goole, befides Grafs, find-th fomething in the water, and stubble to feed upon. sin. v € [uppofethat a good Cloathing of the Body maketh much to long life ; for at fenceth | and armeth againft rhe intemperances of the Air, whithdo wonderfully affailand decay the body : which benefit Birds efpeccally have. Now that Sheep, which have fo good Fleeces, } Jhould be fo fbort-liv’d, that isto beimputed to Difeafes, whereof that Créature is full, andto \ the bare eating of Graf. : hall ‘abebd . The feat of theSpivits, without doubt, is princspally the Head; whith though wi Bela ly underftood of the Animal Spirits onely, yet this is alin all. aLyain,tt 1s not to be doubted | but the Spirits do moffof all wafte and prey upon the Body, fo that when they are either in | greater plenty, or im greater Inflamation and Acrimony, there the life is much (hortned. | And therefore I conceive a great canfe of long life in Birds to be the fmalnefs of their Headsin comparsfon of their Bodtes; foreveneMenwhich have very great Heads | fuppofe | to bethe fhorter livers. ; a ITS F 1 ans of opinion that Carriage 1s of all other motions the moff helpfuttolong life; which 1 |: alfo noted before. Now there are carried Water-fowls upon the water,as Swans all Birds |; in their flying, but with a ftrong endeavour of their limbs; and Fifhes, of the length of wl ofe live we have no certataty. - Thofe Creatures which are long.before they come to their perfection (not {peaking of \ growth in ftature onely, but of other flepsto maturity; as Man puts forth, firft, bis Teeth, |i next the figns of Puberty, then bis beard, andfo forward) arelong liv'd, forzt hems that \ Nature finifhed her Periods by larger Circles, is otis Milder Creatures are not long-liv'd, as tkeSheep and Dove ; for Choler is as the whet- | frone and Spur to many F unttions in the Body. ae ‘Creatures whofe Fleth #s more duskith are longer-Lv'd than thofe that have white Flefh; } for it foeweth that the jusce of the body 1s morefirm, andlefs apt to diffipate. aed In‘ every corruptible Body Quantity maketh much to the conférvarion of the whole: for
a great Fare is longer in quenching, a {mall portion of Water ts fooner evaporated, the Body | of a Treewithereth not fo faftasaTwie, <Anudtherefore generally (Ifpeak st of Species, not | of Individuals) Creatures that arelarge in body are longer-liv’dthan thofe that are {mall, ; vinle{s there be fome other potent canfe to binder st. ives
or, “b,
ies apes geen
The Hillary of Life and Death,
“~
a partof his Nourifhment $ but Aan and (reatures feeding upon Fieth are fearcely nou- rithed with Plants alone: perhiaps Frat or Grains, baked or boiled, may, with long | ufe,; nourith them; but Leaves or Plants or Herbi will not do it, asthe Order of the Fo | fiatanes fhewed by EXperience, veer fs bes die _ Over-great Affinity or Confubffantiality of the Nourifhment to the thing nourifhed -proveth not well : Creatures feeding upon Herbs touch noFleth ; and of Creatures feeding upon Flefh, few of them eat their own kind: Asfor Aden,which are Canntbais, they feed not ordinarily upon «Aten fleth, but referve it as a Dainty , cither to ferve their reveng upon their enemies; or to fatisfie their appetite at fome times. So thc Ground is belt fown with Seed growing elfewhere,and A4en do not ufe to Graft or Ino. c#late upon the fame Stock. — 3 By how much the more the Nours/hment is better prepared, and approacheth ncarer in
likenefsto the thing nourifhed, by fo much themore are Plaats more fruitfuljand Lvzne |
Creatares in better liking and plight: fora young Sip or czon is not fo well mourithed
if it be pricked into the proufid, as if it be grafted into a Stock agreeing with it in |
Nature, and where it finds the nouri{himentalready digefted and prepared : neither (as
is reported, will the Seedof an Ovton; or fome fuch like, fown in the bare earth, bring |
forth fo large a fruit as if it be put intoanother Onion, whichis 4 new kind of Grafting, into the root, or under ground. Again, it hathbeenfound out lately, that a Shp of a
Wild Tree; as of an Elm, Oak, é4/h, or fuchlike, grafted intoa Stock of the famekind, |
will bring forth lars o
nourifhed fo well with raw fleth as withthat which hath pafled the fire, _ Living Creatures are nourifhed by the Afouth, Plants by the Roget, Young ones in
the womb by the Navel: Birds for a while are nourifhed with the %o/k inthe Egee, |
whereof fome is found in their Crops aftertheyare hatched.
All Nourifhment moveth from the centre to the Circumférence, or from the Iaward
fo the‘ utward: yet it is to be noted, thatin Zrees and Plants the Nourifhment paf-
feth rather by the Bark and Outward parts then by the Pith and Inward parts ; for if the |
Bark be pilled off, though butfora{mall breadth, round, they liveno more: and the Bioudin the Veins of living Creatures doth no lefs nouri(h the Fleffy beneath it then the
| Fleth above 1t.
In all shimentation. ot Nourifbment there is atwo-fold AGtion; Extufion and e4t- _ tratton ; whereof the former proceeds from the Inward Funétion, the latter from the | Outward. °
Vegetables affimulate their Nourifhment fimply, without Excetning: For Gumsand-
Tears of Treesare rather Exuberances then Excrements,and Knotsor knobs arenothing
but Difeafes. But the fubftance of living Creatures is more perceptible of the like;
and therefore it is conjoyned with akind of difdain, whereby it reje@eth the bad, and | affimulateth the good,
It isa ftrange thing of the fRalks of Fruits, that alt the Nourishment which produceth
fometimes fuch great Fruits, fhould be forced to pafs through fo narrow necks ; for the Fruit is ncver joyn’d to the Stock withoutfome ftalk, 10.94 It is to be noted, that the Seeds of living Creatures will not be fruitfulbut when they are new {hed, but the Seeds of Plants will be fruitful a long time after they are gathered ; yet the Ships or Cions of Trees will not growunlefs they be grafted green; neither will the roots keep long frefh unlefs they be covered withearth: . In being Creaturesthere are degrees of Noutifhment according to their Age: inthe womb, the young one is nourished with the Mother's blood ; when it is new-born,
favoury Meats pleafe beft.
4 )
D3
C
ser leaves then thofe that grow without grafting: Alfo Men arenot |
with Milk ; afterwards with Meatsand-Drinks ; and inold age the moft nourishing and |
Above | —
r Ourifhment ought to be of an inferiout nature, and more fimple fubftance | To ¢/e thanthething nourifhed. Plants are nourifhed with the Earth and Water, | fourth r-
eAlitentation; or Nourt{biment : andthe way of Nour tfbing. The History. r Living Creatures with Plants, AZan with living Creatures, “There are alfo | rele. | certain Creatures feeding upon Fleth, and Maz himfelf takes Plants into A
rap
10.
I.
43
[To the 5; 6; 175 8) 95 and u 4ricles.
| nent: Zeal. fo(bua, a martial man, and-an excellent Leader, and evermore victorious, | —
: | , g, he Hiftory | of L ife and D cath,
Above all it maketh to the prefent Jnquifition, to inquire diligently and attentively. ther a manmay not receive 2 o#ri/bment from without, at leaft fome other way befide the Mouth. We know that Baths of Milk areufed in fome Heétck Fevers, andwhen | the body is brought extream low, andPhyficians do provide Nourifbing clyfters. This matter would be well ftudied ; for if Nowrs/bment may be made either from without, or fome other way than by the ftomach, then the weaknefs of Conco@tion,; which | incident to oldmen, might be recompenced by thefe helps, and CoricoGtion reft them intire. Maga
¥ shee
']
Length and Shortnefs of Life in “Man, i ey
The Hiftory.
1
Efore the Floud, as the Sacred Scriptures relate, Jen lived many hundred yeats; yet none of the Fathers attained to a full thoufand. Neither was this ) Length of Life peculiar onely to Grace, or the Holy Line ; for there are reckon- | ed of the Fathers until the Floud eleven Generations ; but of the fons of | Adam by Cain onely eight Generations ; fo as the pofterity of (iz may feem the lon- ger-liv’d. But this Lengch of Life immediately after the Floud was reduced toa moiety, but in the Poff-nati ; for: Noah, who wasborn before,equalled the age of his Anceftors, and Sem faw the fix hundredth year of his life. Afterwards, three Generations being run from the Floud, the Life of eMan was brought down to a fourth part of the pri- mative 4ge, that was, toabouttwo hundred years. 3 Beaty Abraham lived an hundred feventy and five years: aman of an high courage, and profperous in allthings. J/aac came to an hundred and eighty years of age : achafte j man, and enjoying more quietnefs than his Father. But facob, after many croffes and a numerous progeny, lafted to the hundred. forty feventh year of his life : a pa- tient, gentle, and wife man. Jfmael, a military man, liyed aa hundred thirty and feven years. Sarah ( whofe years onely among{t women are recorded ) died in the hundred twenty feventh year of her age : a beautifull and magnanimous woman ; a fingular good Mother and Wife ; and yet no Iefs famous for her Liberty than Ob- | fequiou{nefs. towards her husband, _ofeph alfo, a prudent and politick man, paffing his youth in affliction, afterwards advanced to the height-of honour and profperity, lived an hundred and ten years. But hisbrother Lev, elder than himfelf, attained to | an hundred thirty feven years a man impatient of contumely and revengeful. Near | unto the fame age attained the fon of Levis alfo his grand-child, the father of Aaron | and Afofes. tek iy i‘ : ih _ Mofes lived an hundred and twenty years: a ftout man, and yet the meckes? wpon | — the earth, and of a very flow tongue. Howfoever eMofes in his Pfalw pronounceth | — that the life of man is but feventy years, and if a man have ftrength, then eighty; | ~ | which term of man’s life {tandeth firm in many particulars even at this day. aren, | — _who was three years the elder, died the fame year with bis Brother : a man of | readier {pcech, of a more facile difpofition, and lefs conftant. But Phzneas, grand. child of Aaron, (perhaps out of extraordinary grace) may be collected to have lived three hundred years; if fo be the War of the //raektes againft the Trsbe of Ben- i
| jamin. (in which Expedition Phineas was confulted with) were performed in the} fame order of time in which the Hffory hath ranked it: He was aman of a moftems-
lived to the hundred and tenth year-of his lite. Caleb was his Contemporary, and | feemeth, to have been of as great ycars.. Ehud the Judge feems to have been no | lefs than an hundred years old, in regard that after the Victory over the <4 cas | bites the Holy Land-had reft under his Government eighty years: He was a f I fierce and undaunted, and.one that in a fort neglected his life for the good o: Peo lei; i- 1t SOE: ss ; . i g ma
"ob lived, after the reftauration of his happinefs, an hundred and fo being before his, afflictions of that age that he had fons at man’s eftate : a mi
-
a ge
| he Fiiftory of Life and Death. | rer |
i litick, eloquent, charitable, and the Example of Patience. Elithe Prick lived ninety. | | eight years ; acorpulent man, calmot difpofition, and indulgent tohis children. Burt Elizeus the Prophet may fecin to have died when he was above an hundred years old; | for he is found to haye lived after the aff“mption of Elias fixty years ; and at the time | } of that affmption he was of thofe years, that the boys mocked kim by the name of | “| Bald-head : aman yehement and fevere, and of an-auftere life, anda contemner of | | riches. _ Alfo ifaiah the Prophet {eemeth to have been an hundred years old : forhe is | foundto have exercifed the Function ofa Prophet {eyenty years together, the years both | } of his beginning to prophefie and of his death being uncertain ; a man of an adinitable | eloquence, an Evangeli-al Prophet, full of the promiles of God of the New Teflament, ! as aBottle with{wect Wine. “ cde _ Tobias the Elder livicd an hundred fifty eight years, the Younger, an hundred twen- ty feven : merciful met, and great alms-givers. Jt feems, in the time of the (ap- uvity, many of the jews who returned out of Babylon were of great yedrs, feeing they could remember both Temples, (there being no lefs than feventy years betwixtthem) and wept fer theunlikene fs of them. Many ages after that, inthe time of our Saviour, | lived old Stwscon, to the ageof ninety; a devoutman, and full both of hope and expe- ation. Into the fame time alfo fell nna the Prophete/s, who. could not poflibly be lefs than an hundred years old; for the had been {even years a wife, about eighty | four years a widow, befide's the years of her virginity,and the time that the lived atter her Prophecy of our Saviour : She was an holy woman, and pafféd her days in faftings and prayers. ; ieee eae
apenas
_ The long Lives of «Mex mentioned in Heathen Authors have no great certainty in 6. } them; both for the intermixture of Fables, whereunto thofe kind of relations were | very prone, and for their falfe calculation of years, Certainly of the Agyptians we find nothing of moment in thofe works that are extant as touching long rife, for their Kings which reigned longeft did not exceed fifty or five and fifty years, which’ is no great matter, feeing many at: this day attain to thofe years. But the Arcadiaz Kings ate fabulonfly reported to havelived very long. Surely that Country was Mountainous, full of flocks of Sheep, and brought forth moft wholfome me 3; notwithftanding, {eeing Paz was their god, we may conceive thatall things about them were Pazickand } vain, and fubje& to fables, | | Gee ae _ Nema King of the komams lived to eighty years: aman peaceable, contemplative, and much devoted to Religion. Marcus Valerius Corvinus faw.an hundred years complete, there being betwixt his firft and fixth Conful/bip forty fix years: a man ya-
loroxs, affable,popular,and always fortunate. | Solon of eAthens, the Law giver, and one of the feven Wafe-menlived above eighty years: aman ofan high courage, but popular, and.afféGted to his Country ; ‘alfolearn- | ed, given to pleafures anda foft kind of life. Epimenides the Cretian 1s reported to
| have lived an hundred fifty feven years: the matter is mix’d with a prodigious Relation;
| for fifty fevenof thofe years he is faid to have flept ina Cave. “Half anage after Xeno. | phowthe Colophowan lived an hundred and two years, or rathermore: for atthe age of twenty five years helefthis Country, feventy feven complete years he travelled, and after that returned ; but howlong he lived after his return appears not ; a man nolefs wandring in mind than in body, for hisname was changed. for the madnefs of his opi- | nions from Xexophanes to Xewomanes : aman no doubt of a vaft conceit,and that minded ; nothing but Jzfinitum. ae ee
Ss e4nacreon the Poet livedeighty yearsand fomewhat better : a manlafcivious, yo- 9.
!
luptuous, and given to drink. Pindarus the Theban lived to cighty years: a Poet of an-bigh fancy, fingular in his conceits, and a great adorer of the gods. Sophocles the Athenian attained to thelikeage ; alofty Tragick Poet, given over wholly to Writing, and negle&ful of his Family. Artaxerxes King of Perfalived ninety four years: aman ofa dull wit, averfe tothe i difpatch of bufinefs, defirous of glory, but rather of eafe. Atthe fame time lived 4ge- filaus King of Sparta to eighty four yearsof age; a moderate Prince, as being a Ph:- lofop her among Kings; but notwit! itanding ambitious, and a Warriour,and no lefs ftout ia war than in bufinefs. . §» Gorgias the sicilian was an hundred and eight vears old 3; a Rhetiician, and a great boafter of his faculty, one that tanght Youth for profit: he had feem many : ; Countries,. | , (OS on Sah aE RMR 00" 6 SCOT A il A SR es a TS IES
Ie.
Il.
ju 20 a Sta ANS dl
diate ee
Countries, and a little before his death faid, That he had done nothing wort blame fince he was an old man. Protagoras of -sb@era {a . ninety yeats of age: this man waslikewifea Rheterician, but profeffed notfo much to teach the Liberal Arts, as | the Art df Governing Common-wealths and States: notwithftanding he wasagreat wanderer in the world, no lefs than Gorgias. J/ocrates the _Athenian lived ninety } eight years: he was a Rhetorician alfo, but an exceeding modeft man; one that fhunned the publick light, and opened his School onely in his own houfe. Democritus }- of -dbdera reached to an hundred and nine years: he was a gteat Philofopher, and; if | ever any man amongft the Greczans, a true Natural? ; a Surveyor of ‘many Coun- | tries, but muchmore of Nature ; alfo a diligent fearcher into Experiments, and (as { Ariftotle objected againft him ) one that followed Similitudes more thar the Laws of | Arguments. Dzogenes the Simopean lived ninety years : a man that ufed liberty to- wards others, but tyranny over*himfelf : a courfe diet, and of much patience. | Zezo } of Citivm lacked but two years of an hundred : a man of an high’mind, and a | contemner of other mens opinions ; alfo of a great acutenefs, butyet nottrouble- | fome,chufing rather to take mens minds than to enforce them’: The like whereof after- | ward wasin Seneca. Plato the Athenian attained to cighty one years: a man of a great courage, but yet a lover of eafe; in his Notions fublimed, and of a fancy, neat and delicate in his life, rather calm than merry, arid one that carried a kind of Majelty in his countenance. ‘Theophraftus the Ereffian arrived at cig’ ty five years of ages |’. man {weet for his eloquence, {weet for the variety of his matters, and who felegted } the pleafant things of Philofophy, ‘and let the bitter and harfh go. carmeades of Cy- rene many years after came to the like age of eighty five years : a man of a fluent | eloquence, and one who by the acceptable and pleafant variety of his knowledge de- lighted both himfelf and others. But Orbzlius, vho lived in Cicero's time, no Phile- Sopher ox Rhetorscian, but a Grammartan, attained to an hundred years of age, he was | firfta Souldier, then aSchoolmafter; aman by nature tart both in his Tongue andPen, and fevere towards his Scholars. ‘ ii nce 12. Quintus Fabius Maximus was Augur fixty three yeats, which fhewed him to be above eighty years of age at his death; though it betrue, that inthee4ugurfhip No- bility was more refpected then age : a wife man, and a great Delsberator, andinall | his proceedings moderate, and not without affability fevere. A/a/iniffa King of Nz midva livedninety years, and being more than eighty five got a fon : a daring man, and trufting upon his fortune, who in his youth had tafted of the inconftancy of Fortune, but ‘in his fucceeding age was conftantly happy. But A4arews Porsius Cato lived above ninety years of age: aman of anIron body and mind; he had a bittertongue,and loved o to cherifh factions; he was given to Husbandry, and was to himfelf and his Family a } = Phy fician, ae oe : ath | , 1, Terentia Cxcero’s wife, lived an hundred and three years : a woman afflicted with many. creffes ; firft, with the banifhment of her Husband; then withthe difference betwixt them ; laftly, with his laft fatal misfortume : She was alfoeftentimesvexed | with the Gout, Luceéa mult needs exceed an hundred by many years ; for it is faid | — that fhe acted an whole hundred years upon the Stage, at firft perhaps reprefenting } the perfon of fome young Girl, at laft of fome decrepit old Woman. But Galeria | — Copiola, a Player alfo and a Dancer, was brought upon the Stage asa Novice, in what | — year of her age is not known; but ninety mine years after, atthe Dedscation | of the vheatre by Pompey the Great, fhe was {hewn upon the Stage, not now | — for an Adtrefs, but for a Wonder : neither was this all, for after that, in the So- } | lemenities for the health and life of eAugnftus ; fhe was fhewn upon the Stage the | ~ third time. TES ON
. Looe? veahaie | 14, There was another e4éfre/s, fomewhat inferiour in age, but much fuperiour in
| dignity, which lived well-near ninety years, I mean Levsa falta etngufta, wife to | | Augufius Cafar, and mother to Tsberzws. For if e4uguftus his life werea Play, (as { himfelf would have’ it, whenas upon his death-bed he charged his friends they 7 fhould give him a ‘Plandite after he was dead) certainly this Lady was an excellent | Aétrefi, who could carry it fo well with her husband by a diflembled obedience, | | and with her fon by power and authority : a woman affable, and yet of a Ma | | tronal carriage, pragmatical, and upholding her power. But Jamia, the wife of Casme | | Caffius , and filter of Afarcus Brutus, was alfo ninety years old ; for fle furvived } the Philippick Battel fixty four years : a magnanimous woman , in her se wea ho
‘ , 4 ole R f i ‘ y ' Rapp 4
—
+”
| The Piiftory of Life and Death, \
pC | happy in the calamity of her husband and near kinsfolks, andin-a long widow-hood
\
| unhappy ; notwith{tanding much honoured of all. Fatih i, | The year of our Lord feventy fix, falling into the time,of Ve/pagan, is memorable ;
in which we fhall find, as it were, .a Calendar of long liv’d men: For that year there Wasa, Tasccng, (now a Taxing is the moft Authentical and trucft Informer touching } the ages of men;) and in that part of Maly whichlieth betwixt the edpennine —~Movn- ‘tains and the River Po, there were found an hundred and four and ‘twenty: perfansthat | either equalled or.exceeded, an hundred years of age: riamelys of an ‘hundred years | juft, fifty four perfons); of an hundred and ten, fifty {even perfons; of an hundred | and five and twenty, two onely; of an hundredandthirty, fourmen ; of an hundred ‘Vand five and thirty, or feven and thirty, four more,;, of an hundred and forty, three Jaen. Befidesthefe, ?armain particular afforded five ; whereof three fulfilled an hun- \ dred and twenty yeats, and two an hundred and thirty - Br#xels afforded one of an hun- | dred :and twenty five years olds Placentia one, aged an hundred thirty and one ; Fa- | wentia one woman, aged one hundred thirty and two : a certain Town, then galled { Kelleiatium, fituate in the Hzl/s about Placentia, afforded ten, whereof fix fulfilled an | hundred and ten years of age; four, an hundred and twenty: Liaftly, R ani one of an | hundred and fifty years;whofe name was Marcus Aponins.
_. That our catalogue might not. be-extended too much in length, we have thought fit, \ gs well in thofe whom we have-rehearfed, as tn thofe. whom we {hall rehear{e,.to offer '! mone under eighty years of age... Now we have affixedto every one a true and (hort | Chara@ter or Elogy ; but of that-fort mherennto, in our judoment ; Length of Life ; (nbich is not a Isttle fubjet to the Manners and Fortunes of men) hath fome relation, | andthat in atwo-fold refpeck: esther that [uch kid of men are for the most part long- liv’d; or thar [uch men may fometimes be of long life, choagh otherwife not well difpofed | for. tt. 6 fH ish F's oO ety ie] Amongtt the Roman and Grecian Emperors, ' alfo the Frenchand eAlmain, to thefe | our ‘dayes , which make up the number of well-near two hundred Princes}. there are onely four-found that lived to eighty years of age: unto whom we may adde the { two fir’ Emperors, eduguftus and Tiberivs ; whereof the latter fulfilled the feventy \ and eighth year, the former the feventy and fixth year of his age, and might both per- haps have lived to fourfcore, if Livia arid Cans had been pleafed.: wauguftus (as was faid ) lived feventy and fix years; aman of moderate difpofition ; in accomplithing his defigns vehement, but otherwife calm and ferene; in meat and drink fober, | in Venery intemperate, through all his life-time happy ; and who about the thir- ‘| tieth year of his life had a great. and dangerons ficknefs., infomuch as they de- ‘| {paired of lite in him ; whom Antonius Mufa the Phyfician, when other Phy ficians had applied hot Medicines, as moft agreeable to. his difeafe, on the contrar,; cured with cold Medicines, which perchtancemightbefome help to the prolonging of his life. 1berivs lived to be two years older: -d man with lean chaps, as Augustus -was wont to fay, for his fpeech ftuck within his jaws, but:was weighty. He was bloudy, a drinker, and one that took Luft intoa part of his. diet ; notwithftandin a great obferver of his health, infomuch that he ufed to fay, That he was a foal that efcer thirty years of|age took advice of a Phyfictar, Gordian the elder lived eighty years, and yet died a violent death when he was fcarce warm in his) Evepsre: a man of an high fpirit and renowned, learned, aida Poet; and conftantly hap- py throughout the whole courfe of his life, fave onely that he ended his dayes bya violent death, Valerzan thé Emperour was feventy fix years of age before he was taken prifoner by Sapor King of Verfia,. after his Captivity he lived feyen years in reproaches; and then died a violent death alfo » a man of a poor mind, and not va- ant ; notwithftanding lifted up in his osn and the opinion of ‘men; but falling dhort in the performance, -dvaflafins, furnamed Dicorus, lived eighty eightyears: he was of a fetled mind, but too abject, and fuperftitious; and fearful. -Anscius Fufti- nianus lived to eighty three years: a man greedy of glory, performing nothing in his own perfon, but inthe valour of his Captains happy and tenowned; uxorious, and not his own man, but fuffering others to lead him. Helena of Britain, mother of Con- ftantinethe Great, was fourlcore years old: a woman that intermedled not in matters of State neithet inher Husband's rior foris Reigns but; devoted her felf wholly to Religion ;- magnanimous and. perpetually flouri{hing. “ine the Emprefs(who was filter to Zoes, om Sieh a cace wife
———
= a ~ - — a a 2 we RE : —
egg. a 1 = T pr : : :
18,
19s
| St. Luke the Evangel? fulfilled fourfcore and four years : an’ eloquent mar
a ee ee a “
| and Treafures. Gregory, called thetwelfth, createdinSchifm, and not fully acknow- |
| good works, and an alms- giver. -
i i
faith, amd more barren ef obfervation.» King Arganthenins, who reigned at € Pes f % ss " iS ie ip ical a pie = vy
of Afartyrdom. John the twenty third, Pope of Rome, fulfilled theninetieth year of bis
Traveller, St. Pasl’s infeparable Companion, anda Phyfician) “Simeon the fon | of (leophas, called-the Brother of our’ Lord, and Bihop of jérxfalem, lived an hin. - dred and twenty years though he was cut {hort by’ Martyrdony Haftout m Hi, “arid conftant , and full of good works. Polycarpus » Difciple unto the “Apoftles sand Bithop of Smyrna, feemeth to have extended his‘ age to an hundred years and more’ | though he were alfo cut off by Martyrdom: a man of an hivl'miind, “of at heror. | eal patience, and unwearied with labours. Dyonifius etreopagita'y Contemporat 7 to the Apoftle St..Pavi, lived ninety years : he was called the Bird: of Heaven - for his high flying Divinity, and was famous as well for his holy life as for ‘His Meditations. e4quélla and Préfcilla, ‘firlt St.Paul the Apoftle’s Hofts, Afterward | his Fellow-helpers , lived together in a happy and famous Wedlock at leaft to an } hundred years of age'a piece ; for they were both alive under Pope’ xi/Pas the firft: | a noble Pair,’ and prone to all kind of charity, whe amongft ‘other their’comn ferts (which nodoubt were great unto the firlt Founders of the Obarch ) had this, : added, to enjoy each other fo long in an happy marriage. St, Paz! the Hermste | lived an hundred and thirteen years ; now he lived ina Cave; his diet was'fo flender | and ftriét, that it was thought almoft impoffible to” fupport humane nature rhere- withal: he pafled his years onely in Meditations and Soliloquies; yet he was notilli- | terate or an Idiot, but learned. St. eAnthony, the firft Founder of sonks , or (as | fome will fave it) theReftorer onely, attained to an hundred and five years of age: | a man devout and contemplative, though not unfit for Civil affairs ; hist ife | was anftere and mortifying, notwithftanding he lived in a kind of clorious’ foli- i tude; and exercifed a command, for he had his «Monks under him. And befides, | many Chriftians and Philofophers came to vifit him asa living Image , from which | they parted not without fome adoration. St. eA thanafius exceeded the term of eight i years: a man of an invincible conftancy, commanding fame, ‘and not yielding | to Fortune: he was free towards the Great ones, with the People gracious and | acceptable, beaten and practifed to oppofitions, and in delivering himfelf from them {tout and wile. . St. Hierom, by the confent of moft Writers, exceeded nincty years of age 7 a ‘man powerful in his Pen,. and of a manlyEloquence, varioufly learned both in the Tongues and Sciences, alfo a Traveller, and that lived ftri€tly towards his old | age, in an eftate private, andnot dignified ; he bore highSpirits, and fhined far out of obfcurity. ; shod? Sail Ae a The Popes of Rome are innumber tothis day two hundredfortyandane. Of fogreat | a number five onely have attained to the age of fourfcore years, or upwards. But in | many of the firft Popes their fullage was intercepted by the Prerogative and Crown |
age : a man of an unquiet difpofition, and one that ftudied novelty: he altered ma- }
ny things, fome tothe better, others onely to the new, a great accumulator of Riches |
Icdged Pepe, died atninety years: of him, inrefpeét of his {hort Papacy, we firdno-. | thing to make'a judgment upon, Paul the third lived eighty years and one: a tempe- | rate man, and of a profound wifdom: he was Learned, an Aftrologer, and one that | tended his health carefully ; but, after the example of old Eid the Pricft, over-indul- gent to his Family. Pasl the fourth attained to theage of cighty three years: amanof, | an harth nature and fevere, of an haughty mind and imperious, prone to anger ; his f fpeech was cloquent and ready. Gregory the thirteenth fulfilled the like age of eighty : three years: anabfolutegoodman, found in mind and body, politick, temperate Ae
Mae
Thofe that follow are to be morepromifctions in their order, more doubtf
the dies
/
The Bifry of Life and Deaths
Spain lived an, hundred and thirty, or (as fome would have it } an | hundrediand for-
ty years, of which he reigned cighty. Concerning his Manners,. Inftitution of his ife, and the time wherein he reigned, there isa general filence, Cyptras King of Cyprus, living in the /fland then termed the. Happy and Pleafant Sfland,.is afitmed to have attained to an hundred and fifty or fixty years. . Two Latin Kangs in ttaly, the!Father and the Son, are reported to have lived, the ore eight hundred, the other fix hundred years: but this is delivered unto us by certain Pyilologsts, whothough otherwife credulous enough, yet themfelyes have fufpected the truth of this matter, or rather condemned it. © Others record fome Arcadian Kings to. have livedthree hun- | dredyears: the Country, no doubt, is a place apt for long life; but the Relation T fufpeG to be fabulous. They tell of one Dando in Ilyrinm, that lived without the | inconveniences of old age to five hundred years. They tell-alfo.of the Epéans, a part | of Atoka, that the whole Nation of them were exceeding long liv’d, infomuch that many of them were two hundred years old; and that,one. principal manamongi{t them, nathed / itorivs, aman of a Giant-like. f{tature, could-have told three hundred years. It is recorded, that on the top of the Mountain: Timolws, ancicutly called Tempfis, many of the Inhabitants lived to an hundred and fifty years. We.read that the Seé# of the Effeans amongft the fews did ufually extend their life to an hundred | years : Now that Seé# ufeda fingle or abftemious diet, after the rule of Pythagoras. Apollonius Tyaneus excecded.an hundred years... his face bewraying no. fuch ages he was an admitable man, of the Heathens reputed tohave fomethiag Divine in. him,
eS a I q : —
wilh that 1 were deaf allo, when I hear you [peak to fuch difvonourable Treaties. Marcus _| Perpenna lived ninety cight ycars, furviving all tho:e whofe Suffrages he had gather- | ed in the Senate-honfe, being onfal, I mcan, all the Senators at that time; as.al- fo all thofe whom a little after, being (onf#/, he chofe into the Senate, feven-onely being excepted. Hero King of Sicély, in the time of the fecond Punich war, lived almoft an hundred years; a man moderate both in his Government and in his Life ; _a worlhiper of the gods, aud a religious conferyer of Friendfhip : liberal, and con- ftantly fortunate. Starilia, defcended of .a noble Family inthe days of Claudius, lived ninety nine years. cfodia, the daughter of Offlivs, an hundred and fifteen.:. .Xe- ncpilus, an ancient Philofopher, of the Se& of ‘Pythagoras, attained. to an huncfed. and fix yeats, remaining healthful and vigorous in his old age, and famous amongft the vulgar for his learning, The //landers of Corcyra were anciently. accounted long liv’d, but now they ie after the rate of other men, Hipocrares Cows; the fa- mous Phyfczan, lived an hundred and four years, and approved and credited his own. Art by fo long a life : a man that coupled Learning and Wifdom together, very converfant in Expetience and Obfervation; one that haunted not after Words or Mcthods, but fevered the very Nerves of Science, and fo propounded them. Dezo-
nax aPhilofopcr, not onely in Profefhon but Practice, lived inthe dayes of Adrian al- | moft to an hundred years: a man of an high mind, and. a yanquither of his own}
mind, and that truly and without affeGation ; a contemner of the world, and yet civil and courteous. When his’friends fpake to him abont his Burial ; he. faid, Take no care for my Burial, for Stench will bury a Carcafe. They replied, ds st yaxer:'
a - > i" Bs" | mind
| his extream old age he was brought in a Litter into the’ Senate-honfes and yehe-) jmently diflwaded the Peace with Pyrrhws: the beginning of his Oration was very } »memorable, fhewing an invincible fpirit and ffrength of mind; 1 have with great,| grief of mind ( Fathers confeript) thefe many years bora my.blindneli, but now Jcould,
———
as at of whe:
“are exceedi
even to ‘ho lefsthan two hundred piles: * Th
natus, Duke; Thomas Contarenms, Procurator of St. «Mark; Francifeus Molinus, |)
Procurator alfo of St. Afark, and others. But moft'memorable is that of Cornarus |
the Venetian, who being inthis youth of. fickly body, began firft to eatand drink by | ~
meafiire'to a certain weight, thereby to recover his health : this Cure turned by ufe{ -
into’a Diet, that Diet to an extraordinary long Life, even of an hundredycars andbet- |
ter, without any decay in-his fenfes, and with a conftant enjoying ofhishealth, I ih hae |
‘outage William Poftel, a French-man, lived to an hundred andwell-nigh twenty y the top'of his beard on the upper-lip being black, andnot gray at all: a man crazec his brain; ‘and of a fancy not altogether founds a great’Traveller, Mathematici
é ne yy Whe Veer act oe
- fomewhatftained with Herefie. ) bis iat Be 20. I fuppofe there is fcatcea Village with usin England, if it beany whit populous, but }
it.affords forme Man or Woman of fourfcore years of age ; nay, a few years finc was in the’ County of Hereforda May-game or Morrice darice, confifting of eigt whéfe age computed together made up eight hundred years, infomuch that whe ‘of them’ wanted of an hundred, othersexceededasmuch. = Su Sa In the Hofpitalof Bethlehem, corruptly called Bedlam, in the Suburbs of. London, t are fourid from time to time many mad perfonsthatlive ta a great age. - ci Thé'agés' of Nymphs, Fauns, and Satyrs, whom they make to be indeed mo but "yet “exceedingly long-liv’d , (a thing which ancient Superftition a1 late Credulity of fome have’admitted ) we account but for Fables ai ea efpecially ‘being that which hath ‘neither confent with Ph:lofophy nor with D nity.’ And as touching’the Hiffory of Long Life in Man by Individuals, or ne unto “Jedioiduals, thus much. “Now ‘we will pafs on to Objervations by ce The Running on of Ages, and Succeffion of Generations, {eem to no abated ‘from the length of Life ; for we fee that from’ the time of Az our ‘dayes, the term of man’s life hath flood about fourfcore-
oir declined (as a man would have thought) by little oubt ‘there are times in every Country ‘wherein men are long. 10 ba Bi _ : a , othe war o— ~e Mi
’ 4
~ eat cette
E ante ir oe
[___ The Bitory of Life aid Dea
.
‘Longer; for the moft part. when the times are barbarous , and men fare lefs deli¢i- ‘| onfly, and are more: given to bodily exercifes : Shorter, when the times are mére _| civil, and men abandon themfelves to luxury and eafe. But thefe things pafs on by ‘| their turns, the fucceffion of Generations alters is not. The fame,’no doubt, ‘is in ,| other living Creatures s for neither Oxeny nor Horfes, “not Sheep, nor any the like, are abridged of their wonted ages at this day. And therefore the Creat | Abridger of Age was the Floud; and perhaps fome fuch! notablé accidetits: (as | particular Znundations, long Droughts, Earthquakes, or the like) may do the-fame jj again. And the like reafon is in the dimenfion and ftature of Bodies ; for neither are they leffened by fucceffion of Generations, ‘howfoever Virgil ( following the vulgar opinion ) divined, that after Ages would bring forth Ieffer Bodies than the then prefent : whereupon fpeaking oF ploughing up the e4mathian and e£monen- fian Fields, he faith, Grandiag; effoffis mirabitur offa Sepulchris, That after-ages fball adnsire the great bones digged upin anctcnt Sepulchres. ° For whereas it is manifefted that there were heretofore men of Gigantine Statures, (fuch as for certain have been found in sicily, and elfe-where , in ancient Sepulchres and Caves) yet within thefe’laft ‘| three thonfand years, a time’ whereof we have fure’ memory, thofe very places have
ae none fuch: although this thing alfo hath certain tarns and changes, by the | Civilizing of a Nation, no lefs than the former. And this is the rather to be noted, “becaufe men are wholly carried ‘away with an ‘opinion, that there is a continual ‘decay by Succeffion of Ages, as well in the term of man’s’ Life as in the | ftature and ftrength of his Body’; and that all things decline and change to the { |. In Cold and Northern (Countries men live longer commonly than'in Hot : which ‘muft needs be in refpect the skin’ is more compaé and clofe,' and the juices of | the’body Icfs diMipable, and the Spirits themfelves lefs eager to corifume , and “in: better difpofition to repair, and the Air (as being little heated by the Sun-beams) | lefs predatory: And yet under the e#quinolival Limey where the Sun’ pafleth ‘to and fro, and caufeth a double Summer ‘and double Winter, and“where the’ Days and Nights are more equal, (if other things be concurring) they’ live alfo’ very long’; as in Pers and Taprobane. dh SIGE. £ OR SBA
Ifanders are, for the moftpart, longer-liv’d than thofe that live in (Continents: for thiey liye not fo long in Ruffia as in the Orcades ; nor fo long in Africa, though. Pe the fame Parallel, as in the Canaries and Tercera’s ; and the faponians are | longer-liv’d than the Chinefes, though the Chtnefes are madeupen long life. And this | thing is no marvel, feeing the Air of the Sea doth heat and cherith in cooler Regi- | ons, and cool in hotter. eek , | High Situations do rather afford long-liversthan Low, efpecially if they be not Tops | _| oF Mountains, but Rifing Grounds, as to their general Situations ; fuch as was 4r- }.
e4adiain Greece, and that part of Aizolia where we related them to have lived fo long. Now there would be the fame reafon for A4Zountains themfelves;becaufe of the purenefs | and clearnefs of the Air, but that they are corrupted by accident, namely; by the
Vapouts rifing thither out of the Valleys, and refting there ; and therefore in Snowy
| «Mozntains there is not found any notable long life, not in the Alps, not inthe Pyre-
nean —Mountains, not in the eApennine x yet in the tops of the Afonntains running
| along towards Airbiopia and the edbyffines, where by reafon of the Sands beneath little
| orno Vapour rifethto the Mozntaims, they live long, evenat this yery day,attaining ma-- ny times toan hundred and fifty years.
Sitar {hes and Fens are propitiousto the Natives, and malignant to Strangets, as touch-
ing thedengthning and thortning of their lives : and that which may feem more mar-
~| vellous, Salt-maar/bes, where the Sea Ebbsand Flows, arelefs wholfomethan thofe of
Frefh eter, / . ;
The Countries which have been obferved to produce long-livers are thefe3 e4rcadia, FEtsliaz, India onthis fide Ganges, Brafil, T aprobane, Britain, ireland, with the Iflands of the Urcades and Hebrides : for as for Aithiopia, which by one of the Ancients is re-
ported to bring forth long. Livers,’tis butatoy, es
It is a Sectet ; The healthfulnefs of Air, efpecially in atiy perfetion; is better found by Experiment than by Difsourfe or Conjecture. You may make a trial by’ a lock of Wool expofed for a few dayes in the open Air, if the weight be not much | .
- beeeal
- arenes sean d'..2-. gud Canepa met
eh {ete Se a mene
The Hiftory of Life and Death. — papal | aapthe ba plessaldiaoecpsied Uke wile aaamaas aaa another by a Weather-glafs, if the Water interchangenot too fuddenly. Of and thelikeenquire further. Si ortiy: yrssnd ahha heey Reto Aa , Not onely the Goodne/s or Purenefs of the air, but alfo the Equality Wir, | is material to long life. Intermixture.of Hills aad Dales is pleafant to the fights dbut {ufpected for long life. 4 Plain, moderately drie, but yet not over-barren or fan- '| dy, mor altogether without Trees and Shade, is very convenient for lenges! a | 4 dneguality of Air as was even now faid ) in the place of. our dwelling is mi | but Change of Aur by. travelling, after one be ufed unto it, is good; and the store | ercat Travellers have been long livd. _alfo thofe thathayelived perpetually ina little ‘
Cottage, inthe fame places have becnlong-livers; for air accuftomed confum i. butair changed. nourifheth and repaireth more, Ateatiog .aieemaee As the continuation and number of Succeffions (which we faid before) makes.no- | ‘hing to the Length and Shortnefs,of Life ; fo the immediate condition of the Parents, | | |o@as. well the Father as the Mother) without doubt availethmuch. For fome are be |” [| gotten of old men, fome of young men, fome of men of. middle age; again, fome
‘| |.are begotten of fathers healthful and well-difpofed, others of difeafed and languif. ‘| ing ; again, fome of fathers immediately after repletion, or when. they are | | drunk, others. after flecping, ;or in the morning 5 again, fome after a long inter- | J mnuflion of enw, others upon, the act repeated; again, fome in the fervency of the | | father’s love, (as it is commonly; in Baftards) others after the cooling of it, as in | | long-married couples. The fame things may be confideredon the part of the Mother: } | unto, which muft be,added the condition of the Mother whilft the is- with child, | as touching her. health, as touching her diet, the time of her bearing in the womb, to the tenth month, or. carlier.. To reduce thefe things to a Rule, how farthey | may concern Long Life, is hard ; and fo much the harder, for that thofe things | which a man would conceive to be the beft, will fall out to the contrary : Forthat | | alacrity. in. the.Generation which begets lufty. and lively children , will be lefs | | profitable to long lifey becaufe of the Acrimony and inflaming of the Spirits; We | faid before, That to partake more of the mother’s bloud conduceth to long life ; J alfo we fuppofe all things in moderation to be beft ; rather Conjugal love than | — Meretricious ; the hour for Generation to be the morning; aftate of body not too |
EE a a ee ee ee
lufty or full, and fuch like. It ought to be well obferved; that: a {trong Conftitu- | tion in the Parents is rather good for them then for the Child, efpecially in the Mother: | And therefore Plato thought, ignorantly enough, that the virtue of Generations | halted, becanfe the Woman ufed not the fame exercife) both of mind and bedy | with the Men. The contrary is rather true; for the difference of virtue betwixt |~ the Male and the Female is. moft profitable for the Child ; and the thinner Wo- | men yield more towards the nourifhment of the Child; which alfo holds in | Nurfes. Neither didthe Spartan Women, which married not beforetwenty two, or, | as fome fay, twenty five, (and thereforewere called A4an-like women ) bring forthia | more ‘gencrous or long-liv’d Progeny than the Roman or Athenian, or Theban | 4 men did, which were ripe for Marriage at twelve or fourtcen years; andif shere | — were any thing eminent in the Spartans, that was rather to be imputed to the Par- | fimony of their Dict than to the late Marriages of their Women. But thisweare, | taught by experience, that there are fome Races which are long liv’d for a few ‘Defcents ; fo, that Life is like fome Difeafes, a thing hereditary within ceitain. bounds, | . Ol Fair in Face, or Skin, or Harr, are fhorter livers; Black, or Red, or Freckled
sa _ | longer. Alfo too frefh a colour in Youth doth Jefs promife tong life than palenefs, | A hard skin is a fign of long life rather that afoft;, but weunderftand not this ofa rag-. | ged skin, {uch asthey call the Goofé skeny which isas it were {pongy, but of that which | is hardand clofe. A Fore-head with deep furrows/and wrinkles is a better fign thana | fmooth and plain Forehead, eit dl Qe cor adil: eet a
34. _ The .#airs of the Head hard andlike briftles,do betoken longer life than thofe that are foft anddelicate. Curled Hairs betoken the fame thing, if they be hard withal; b contrary: if they be foftand fhining:, the like if the emr/sag be rather thick thani bunches. aed’ gull) eal ao) “ota ak, 4) ocean
35. | Early .or late, Baldne is an, indifferent thing, feeing many which haye
A ca Pe. Ys =; = “ — ali a DRA MRE HS Rie oe x “ ; biir% 7 s ‘ f r ¥ 8
; The Hiftory of Life and Death.
_ | Bald betimes have lived long. . Alfo early gray hairs (howfoeyer they may feem fore- runners of old age approaching) are no furefigns; formany thathave grown gr4y be- times have lived to greatyears: nay, hafty gray hairs without Valdyefsis atoken of long life ; contrarily, if they be accompanied with Baldiefiy aid » Hairine{s of the upper parts is a fign of fhort life, and they that have extraordinary
and Legs, is afign of long life. |
_ Talnefs of Stature (if itbe notimmoderate) with convenient making, and not too flender, efpecially if the body be active withal, is a fign of long life: Allo on the con- trary, men of low ftature live long, ifthey be not too activeand ftirring.
_In the proportion of the body. they which are /hort tothe waftes, with long Leggs,are longer-liv’d than they which are long to the »ajfes,and have fhore Leggs: alfothey which are large in the eather parts,and{treight in the #pper, (the making of their body rifing, as it were, into a {harp figure) are longer-liv’d than they thathave broad fhowlders, and are flender downwards... ,
_ Leannefi, where the affections are fetled, calm, and peaceable; alfo a inore fat ha- | -b:t of body, joyned with Choler, and a difpofition ftirring and peremptory, fignifie | long life : but Corpwlency in Youth forcfhews fhort life, in Age it is a’thing more
| indifferent. i ci haee: % .
To be /ongand flow in growing is a fign of longlife; if to a greater ftature,the greater fign, if to a leffer ftature, yct a fign though: contrarily, to grow quickly to a great
{ {ature is an evil fign; if to a fmall{tature,the lefs evil.
| . Firm Flefb, araw-bone body, and veins lying higher than the flefh, betoken long life ; thecontraryto thefe, fhort life. Ro clin meet A Headfomewhatleflerthan to the proportion of the body ; a moderate Neck, not Jong,nor flender,nor flat,nor too fhort; wide Noftrils,whatfoever the form of the Nofe be; alarge Mouth; and Ear griftly,not flefhy; Teeth ftrong and contiguous, fmall,or thin-fet, fore-token long life; andmuch more if fomenew Teeth put forth in our elder ears. ’ ; . . A broad Breajt, yet not bearing out, but rather bending inwards; Shonlders fome- what crooked, and (as they call fuch perfons) round-back’ds a flat Belly ; a Handlarge,
' and with few lines inthe Palm; a. fhortand round Foot, thighs not flelhy, and © alves |
of the ceggs not hanging over, but neat, are figns of long life. ae Eyes fomewhat large, and the (zrcles of theminclined to greennefs ; Senfés not too quick; the Px//e in youth flower, towards old age quicker; Facilty of holding the i reath, and longer than ufual; the body inyouth inclined to be bound, in the. decline “1 of years more bea are alfo figns of long life. | . Concerning the Times of Natvity, as they refer tolong life, nothing hath been ob- , ferved worthy the fetting down, fave onely 4ffrologécal Obfervations, which we reje- _ ( €tedinour opicks. A Birth at the eighth month ts not oncly long-liy’d, but not likely . | to live. Alfo # inter births areaccounted the longer-liv'd. iC its A Pythagorical or Monaftical Diet, according to ftrict rules, and always exactly e- | -qual, (as that of Cornarws was ) feemeth to be very effectual for long life. Yet onthe coatrary, ainongft thofe that live freely and after the common fort, fuch as have good ftomachs, and feedmore plentifully, are often the longeft-liv’d. The wzddle diet; which we account the temperate, is commended, and conduceth to ood health, ‘but not to long lite: for the Sparediet begets few Spirits, and dull, and fo wafteth the body lefs; and the Liberal dict yieldeth more ample nouri{hment, and fo repaireth more : but the middle diet doth neither of beth, for where the Extreamsare hurtful, there the Mean is beft; but wherctlie Extreamsare helpful, there the Meanis nothing worth. aie Now to that share diet there are requifite Watching, left the Spirits being few {hould be cpprefled with much flecp; etl Exercife, left they fhould exhale ; ab- ftinence froin Venerys left they thould be exhaufted : but to the-léberal dict, on the other fide, are requifite much Sleep, frequent Exercefes, anda feafonable ufe of Venery. Baths and v4nointings (fuch as were anciently in ufe) did rather tend to delici- oufnefs than to prolonging of life. But of all thefe things we {hall {peak more ex- actly when we come to the /nju:/ition according to /ntentions. Mean while that of ce/{vs, whe was not onely a learned Phyfician, but a wife man, is not to be omitted, who adyiseth interchanging and alternation of thie diet; but ftill with an inclina- tion to the more. benign: as that a man fhould fometimes accuftom himfelf to
~: E . . J LL ER A A
| much hair on their breafts live not long: but / airine/s of the lower parts,as of the Thighes |’
_Watchings |
37° 38. 39-
40.
41 ARs
43: 443 45:
48:
49°
506
ee ; Lo pe aril “ : ze : . i : { watching, fometimes to fleep; but to fleep oftneft: again, thathe thould Toit ; | give himfelf to fafting, fometimes to feafting ; but tofeaftine oftneft + that he thot
| eating before 1 was hungry, ana drinking before [ was drys But of thi fi : hings we thal
) {; peak hereafter.
| are in this kind ‘of life thefe things, Leifure, Admiration and Contemplation of Hoe | venly things, Joyes not fenfual, noble hopes; wholfome Fears, {weet Sorrows ; laftly; }
r. we 1.
The Hiltry of Life and Dest
+2 et NY ee
a4 . . anys oy) Y eae, Oy a ht “ Pp = “ {ometimes inure himfelf to great labours of the mitud ; fometimes’to relaxations of | — the fame; butto relaxations oftmeft. Certainly this is withont all queftion, that Dit . well ordered bears thegreateft part in the prolongation of life : neither did L ver mect |
an extream long liv’d man, but beingasked of his courfe, ‘he obferved' fomethi culiar ; fome one thing, fome another. I remember an old. man; ‘above an hu years‘of age, who was produced as witnels touching an attcient Prefcription. We he had finithed his teftimony the /ugde familiarly asked him ho. he came to live fo fon: He anfwered, befide expe&ation, and not without the laughter of the hear ap PS : : ; ee ti ae eal |
A Life ted in Religion andin Holy Exercifes feenieth to conduce to lone fife. Phere. ‘- continual Renovations by Obfervances, Penances, Expiations: ‘all which are very pow. erful to the prolongation of life: Unto which if you add that auftere diet which harde | neth the mafs of the Body, and-humbleth the Spirits, ro marvel ifari extraordinary | length of life do follow ; fuch was that of Paul the Hermite, Simeon Stélita the (Colwmaar \ Anchorite, and of many other Hermetesarid Anchorites. Fh Qipao aaa Next unto this isthe life led in. good Letters, fuchas’ was that of Philofophers, Ries | toricians, Grammarians. This-life is alfo fed in leifure, and in thofe thoughts, which, |
feeing they are fevered ‘from the affairs of the world, bite not, ‘but rather” delight
throughtheir Variety and Impertinency : They live alfo at their pleafiire, {pending their | time in fuch things as like them beft, and for the moft partin the company of young men; which is ever the moft chearful. But in Philofophies there is great difference | betwixt the Sects as touching long life For thofc Philofophies which haveinthema | touch of Superftition, and.are converfant in’ high Contemplations, arethe belt's asthe | Pythagorical and Platonick : alfo thofe which did inftitute a perambulatioi’ of the | world, and confidered the variety of natural things,’ and had reachlefs, and. bteh ane magnanimous thoughts, ( as of Infinitum, of the Stars, of the Heroical Vertues, atid | fuchlike } were good for lengthning of life; fuch were thofe of Denzocritus Philolans, Xenophanes, the Aftrologians and Stoicks : alfo thofe which had no profound Speca: | lationin them, but difcourfed calmly on both fides, out of common Senfe, andthere. | ceived Opinions, withoutany fharp Inquifitions, were likewife'good ; fach were thofe | _ of Carneades and the eAcademicks, ‘al{o’ of the Rhetoricians and Grammmarians, yee contrary, Philofophies converfant in perplexing Subtilties, and which pronounced pe: | remptorily, and whichexamined and wrefted all things to the Scale of Principles, laftly, an which were thorny and narrow, wereevil - fuch were thofe commonly of the Yeripa: | teticks, and of the School-men. “he anal The Country lefe alfois well fitted for long life: itis much abroad, and in the open ae air, it is not flothful, but ever in employment; it feedeth upon frefh Cates, chai ba bought ; itis without Caresand Envy. lola Sane Fee For te Military life, we have 2 good opinion of thatwhilfta manis young. Certain- | ly many excellent Warrzors have beenlong-liv’d ; Corvinus, Camillus, Xewophon, Agefi. | laus, with others both ancient and modern. No doubt it furthereth long lifeto nave | all things from our youth to our elder age mend, and grow to the better, thata Youth | full of croffesmay minifter fweetnefsto our Old age. We conceive alfo that A4dlitary | affeltions, inflamed with a defire of Fighting, and hope of Victory, do infule fucha | heat tuto the Sperits,as may, be profitable for long lifer f Quien
J
\
The Hillary of Life and Death. 7 [ 25
Bl atl ATO
ew e =P
Medicines for Long Life.
T? ‘He Art of Phyfick, which we now have, looks no farther commonly than to Conferva-| To the | ©. tion of Health and Cure of Dilcafes: es for thofe things which tend properly to | tenth ar- | Long Life, there 1s but flight mention, and by the way onely. ‘SN otwithftanding we will | ticle, | propound thofe Medicines which are notable in this kind, I means thofe which are Cordials. ‘For it # confonant to reafon, that thofe things which being taken iz Cures do defend and fortfie the Heart, or, more truly, the Spirits, agatnit Poyfons and Difeafes, being tranf- | ferred with judgment and choice into Diet, [ould have a good effect, in fome fort, towards |, | the Prolonging of Life. This we will do, mot heaping them promifcuonfly together, (as | the manner w ) but feletting the bet. 9 Geice | - Gold is given in thrce forms;; either in that which they call durum potabile, or in Wine wherein Gold hath been quenched, or in Goldin.the Subftance, fuch as are Leaf. ‘| gold, and the Filingsof Gold. As for Aurum potabile, it is ufed.to be given in defpe- rate or dangerous difeafes, and that not without good fuecefs. But we fuppofe that the Spirits of the Salt, by which the Gold is diffolved, do rather minifter that vertue which is found in it, than the Gold it felf; though this fecret be wholly fuppreffed. Now if the body of Gold could be opened with thefe Corrofive waters, or by thefe \ Corrofive waters (fo the venomous quality were wanting ) well wathed, we conceive | it would be no unprofitable Medicine. | Sie . |» Pearls are taken either in a fine Powder, or in.a certain Mafs,, or Diffolution by the | juice of four and new Limons;. and.they are given fometimes in Aromatical Confedti- | ‘ons, fometimes in Liquor. The Pearl, nodaubt, hath fome affinity with the Shell in ‘which it groweth, and may be.of the fame quality with the Shelsof Cra-fi/hes. hi “Amongtt the transparent precious Stones, two onely are accounted Cordéal, the Eme-
2.
‘ ; 3 36 | rauld and the Zacinth, which are given under the fame forms that the Pearls are; fave
only that the diffolutions of them, as far as we know, are not in ufc. But we fufpea thefe Glaffie Jewels, left they fhould be cutting. a a A, » Of thefe wtich we have mentioned, bow far and in what manner they. are helpful, [hall be {pcken hereafter. “yk rng pie or Bezoar-Stone is of approved vertue for refrefhing the Spirits, and procuring a gen. tlesSweat. As for the Umicorn's Horn, it hath loft the credit with us ; yet fo, asit | may keep rank with Hart's Horn, and the Bene in the heart of a Hart, and Ivory, | and fuch like. , wy Ree ee Wt |< Amber-griece isonc.of the beft to appeafe and comfort the Spirits... Ai Hereafter follow the names only ‘of the Siple Cordials, {ceing-their Vertues are {uf- ‘ficiently known. . etek ci 5
Hot. . Hot... | Cold. Cold... “Saffron. .,Clove-Gilly-flowers. Nitre. \fuice of [weer Folium Indum. Orenge-flowerse |Rofes. Vsolets.| Orenges, - Lignum: Aloes, Rofemarys ~ Strawberry- | Fusce of Pearmains. > Citron Pill-or Mant... Leaves. Borage. _ Rind. ~. Betony. « Straw-berries.|Buglofs. -.. Balm. - — \Carduus Benedi- |Fuice of fweet\Burnet, Sanders.
Waters and Chymieal: Qiles, ( which, as a certain Trifler fasth,, are under the Planet | Mars , and havea furious and deftruttive force) as alfo all bot and biting Spices are
tobe rejetted, anda Confideration to be had, how waters and Liquors way be made o}
the former simples : not thofe phlegmatick diftiked waters, nor again thofe burning Waters | of Spirits of 7 ine; but [uch as may be more temperate, and yet lively, and fending forth
abengn Vapour. «... aa: ve ra: | Imake fome queftion touching the frequent letting of Blowd, whether it conduceth to long life nor no; and 1 amrather in the opinion that it doth, if it be turned into a habit, and other things be well difpofed: for it letteth out the old Juice of the body, atid bringeth in new. .
{2 . Bafil. use. Limons. \Camphire. Sythe > Seeing our {peech, now 9 of t bof shings which may be transferred énto Dict, all hot
peodinaih sl . et s'il iy aan a ail
“The Hifny of Life ind Death
—
Ne vy" hab iL
se
{ 1 fuppofe alfo, that fome Emsaciating Difeafes well cured, do profittolong life, for | ‘they yield new Juice, .the old.bei g confumed ; ‘and, as Shot igh ote Tor | Sicknefi is to renew youth : Thetefore it were good to make'fome Artificial Difeafes, | which is done by ftri&t and Eysaciating Diets, of which I {hall fpcak we fter: | ‘i dimes AAT REPT oa gtathe nie out okie Ae “es
mah ma “The Intestions. hal ie ae vi BORN A RPL _ tie Sg a 2b ah TANS dewege re:
LY Aving finifhea the \nquifition wccording to the Subjects, + namely,-of inanimate
‘ E Bodies ,. Vegetables, Living Creatures; Man ; / will wow come nearerto ebe
Wratter, aizd order mine Inquifitions by certain Intentions, {uch as are true and proper,
(4s I am wholly perfwaded ) and which are the very paths to ‘Mortal Lifes sBarsin |
‘his part, nothing that ts of worth bath ihitherto been inquired, but the conemplations
of men pracy vee ibe ahd vion-proficients. For when t\ heat men onthe ove | n
To the 12, | | 13, aad 14 Articles.
|
fide {peak of comforting ‘Natural heat; and the Radical moifturé;.andiof Meats which 4 breed good Blood’) {uch as may neitber be burnt nor iphlegmatick';> andvof 1 ing | and recreating ‘thé ch id 31 fappofe them t0 be 20: bad men whith Speak, thefe ithir ‘but none of thefe workerh effecinally towlirds thesendy\\ Bat when onthe other ide | Several difcourfes torithing Medicines made of Golds becaufe Gold osros fabjelrocor: | ruption ; ‘and touching Precious {tones ‘t0’refvefh the Spirits by their, hidden properties | and luftre, and that if they could be taken and retained in Veffelsy the Balfoms, and Quifteflences ‘of living Creatures? Sbkld make men conceive a proud hope of Immiziaa \ lity: end that the Flefo of Sctpetits’ akd Warts, by a certain confent, are powerful to ) the Renovation of Life's becaufe the one cafterh his skin, the other his Borns: ( they | frould alfo have added the Flefh of Eagles , becanfe the Eagle’ changes his Bill )- dad || that a certain'Man, ‘when he had found’ an Oyntment hidden, under the grounds and \ || bad anointed himfelf therewith from head to foot, (excepting onelythe fol-s of hss feet) | | ded, by bis anointing , live three: bundred years , without anypaifeafe, fave onely fome | | Tumors in the foles of his feet : and of Artefius; who shen he fourdlis Spirit ready to . | depart, drew ‘nto “bis body the /perit ofa certain young man, dnd. thereby meade him | breathlefi, but bimfelf lived many years by another mans Spirit : ~ And of Fortunate | a | Hours according to'the Figures of Heaven, 1 which Medicines: are to be gathered sand } | compounded for the prolongation of ‘Isfe : And'of the Seales of Planets; by which ver : | taesmay be drawn'-and fetched down from Heaven toiprolone Life »\ and fuchlike fabulous ‘ and fuperfistions vanities : 1 wonder exceedingly that men (hould fo mutch doaty \asto | Suffer themfelves to be deluded with thele things. ‘And again, 1 do-pity.atantind that’ ey frould have the bard fortune tobe befreged mith fach frsvolous and feacelefs apprehenfions. \ But mine Intentions do both come home to the Matter, and are far from main and.cre\ dulous Imaginations ; being alfo fuch, as I conceive, pofterity may adde much to rhe : matters which fatisfie thefe Intention’ ; but to theYntentions themfélves, bur a little, | Notwithftanding ‘there are a fem things, and thofe \of very great moment, of which 1\\ would have men to be forewarned. eveamaly TaN. ARAL Sree Firft; we Gre of that opinion 3 2hatwe efteem the Oficesvof Life.sonbe mare worthy || than Life it felf. Therefore af chive be any thing of that kind thattmday audced exaktly | anfwer our Intentions, yer fo, thatthe Offices and Daties of Lifevbe’ thereby bin- || dred ; whatfoever it be of this binds we Pejeél it. “Perhaps wemay make fomellight men i tion of fome things, bue we infitnetuponthem. For wetmake no ferious nor diligent dif \\ || 60 fey esther of leading the lifezn Caves, where the Sunbeams and feveral changes of the \\ Gir pickce not, like Epi enides his ‘Cave 5 ar if perperal sacks: mide \of “bsquors pre- | pared ehh ar of ¥ rts; and Sear-cloths [o applied, vbat ihe body) Hould ibe abpays astriwve |) i Rox 5 or Of Tbick paintings of she body, “after the mannervof forme Barbarous Né- | Hons 5 sah i Ras of on? ‘Life ‘and Diee which aimerh \onoly vat this and-\\ radibon ung Oe Bie thse a’ ial Weve, (as wink nbs of Hlevddlious tanongpt wives liens; and: SP Ouiiabud se Venetian in onP Ways mihi q any (uch Prodigy, Tedionfnels, or Inconvenience x but we proponnd {uch Remedzes | geen, bY hi Offices of Life iy ito We deereed'p Sober ccerdea i Py dh Tihs BO "the DE QOOIST Ok } DENG, 2 Of TOM Sit HCE RNYS Te hater. dzatial tinct + beloglib lew od eenics aedoo- b
“WIR Mt fitamy,
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i Remedies; nto. 1 . ; - “*
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The ninth Operation % upon the Inteneration of the Parts, after the y begin tobe Ubied, The tenth Operation # upon the Purging away of Old Juice, : seid Sipplying of New
Of thefe Operations, the four firft belong to the Firft Intention, the four next to the Se. cond Intention, and the tvo laft to the Third Intention. Bi sc ae's ; ‘y S Nala Bat becaufe this part touching the Intenfions doth tend to Prattice, under the name | of Hiftory, we will not onely comprife Experiments and Obfervations, bat alfo Counfels,
Explications of Caufes, \Aflumptions, and whatfoever hath reference here-
tosbaibe |
9 90S) OY.
Pl °
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ron
17.
18.
Ig.
~ ~~ pas he Pe RAE READE SEERA ELE EAR 8 one .
Pa net on cman al ceameaie
{ This occurs every where, and is manifeft. + hewbied
| the other ftrong .and,conftant, which, converts hard and obftinate fabftances; as the |
| dundant or Turgid ;_s Motion Appeated, wot Dancing or Unequal.
Eerie.
moft of all, by putting the Sperits to flight,
he Hifi of Life and D
say ap
a be Operation upon the 5 pirits be ihey mr in ka een and renew ihe hey ye :
i / piel “e at ; The Bifory sid Scdeogte a
HE Sire are igen Milter aunebricn of all effeets i in the Body. ai nifeft by Confent, and by infinite inftances.. aot If any man, could procure that ayoung man’s Sprit could beconv cy __an old man’s Body, itis not unlikely but this great Wheel of the Spi turn about the lefler Wheel of the Parts,,and fo the et of Nature become | etroe gade. ‘J In every Core whether it be by Fire or by Age, the miosaehe pes : Body, or the Heat,‘ preyeth upon the Moifture,, he leffer is the duration of that thing.
The Spirits are to be put into fuch a temperament and deguee of adivity, 1 they f fhould not (as he faith ) drink and LARRIE the juices of the Body, but onely.
Te are two eo of Flames): the: one eager ‘and weak, which cgulinam fubftances but hath little power over the harder ; as the flame of ftraw, or fall Stich
‘flame of hard wood, and fuchlike. sakes The eager flames, and yet lefs robuft, do dry Bodies, and render them exhault and, + Baro but the ftronger flames do intenerate and meltthem. «| aon ee dail Alfo in Defi ipatirtg Medicines, fome, vapour forth the thin part of ‘the tumors | cf “ellngs , and thefe harden the tumour ; others potently difeuls, and thefe fof. | 'ten tt y * i i i Alfo in Parging and ‘Abplerging Medicines, fome catry away the fluid humors vie ; i lently, others draw the more obftinate and vifcous. elred The Spirits ought to be invefted and armed with fuch abeat, that they may chufe ra ther to ftir and ect hardand obftinate matters, than to difchar ger: and Ate ay the thin and prepared ; for by that means the Bedy becomes green and folid, The Spiri its are fo,tobe wrought and tempered, that they may i 2n Subftance ovata Rare; 7 Heat Strong, not Eager 5 +2, Quantity Sufficient for rhe offi ces of Fal ead
| That Vapours work powerfully uponthe S pirits, it is manifeft by. Sleep, by Drunken nefs, by Melancholick Paffions, by letificant Medicines, by Odour calling bine : back again in Swounings and Faintings. 4a The Spirits are. condenfed four.ways 5, Subse by pursing heh to flight, ets by bil ’ gerating and cooling them, or by froaking them, or by guseting them... And firlt oftheir | ‘ (Condenfation by putting them to flight. —~ da
.Whatfoever putteth to flight on all parts,, deivetly the body 4 into “his Centre, and fo F
Fo, a Golan of the Spirits by HM the aptonnntl and ohne is Opi
Sth
i
| Opin; and ihe like put not ‘the Spirsts to flicht re thei cca tenho parts manifeftly hot ; but, on the contrary, coal by their putting re S to
ae Flight of the Spirits by Opinm and Opiate Medicines is beft feen by applyin bike outwardly ; for the Spirets {traight with-draw themfelves,and. will réturnno butithe part is mortified, and turns to a Gangrene. Opiates, in grievous pains, as in the Stone, or the cutting off of aLimb, m
Opiates obtaina good effed froma bad caufe ; for the Flight of b Spi is il, bu : pieces oft them Spee? their flight is good. ee te
a rae mes hee om Tae taeenibetialn —v pre cra
be Hifiory of Life and Death.
rrr marina = ns a,
The Grectans attributed much, both for health and for prolongation of life, as O-
| | : 20. piates : but the Arabians much more, infomuch that their grand Medicines (whichthey | called the gods Hands ) had opinm for their Bafls and principal Ingredient, other things being mixed to abate and corre the noxious qualities thereof ; fuch were Treacle, Methridate, and the reft. _ Whatfoever is given with good fuccefs in the curing of Peftilential and Malignant 21,
| Difeafes, to ftop and bridlethe Spirits, left they grow turbulent and tumultuate, may very happily be transferred to the prolongation of life ; for one thing is effectual unto both, namely, the condenfation of the spirits: mow there is nothing better for that 4 than Opeates. pit | The ?urks find opivm,even in a reafonable good quantity harmlefs and comfortable, | infomuch that they take it before their Battel to excite courage ; but to us, unlefs it be . | inavery fmall quantity, and with good Corredtives, it is mortal. Opinm and Optates are manifeftly found to excite Venus ; which fhews them to have force to corroborate the Spirits. : i Diftilled water of wilde Poppy is given with good fuccelfs in Surfeits, Agues,and divers difeafes; which no doubt is a temperate kind of Opiate. Neither let any man wonder | at the various ufe of it ; for that is familiar to Opiates, in regard that the Spirits, cor- roborated and condenfed, will rife up againft any difeafe.
The Turks ufe a kind of Herb which they call Caphe, which they dry and powder, and then drink in warm water ; which, they fay, doth not alittle fharpen them, both in their Courage, andintheir Wits ;. notwithftanding, if it be taken ina large quantity,
“it affects and difturbs the mind: whereby it is manifeft, that it is of the fame nature with Opsates. : ‘ ba a . ~ There is a Root much renowned in all the Eaftern parts, which they call serel, which ‘the Yndians and others ufe to carry in their mouths, and to champ it, and by that _| champing they are wonderfully enabled both to endure labours, and to overcome } ficknefles, and to the aé& of carnal copulation: It feems to be akifd of Seupefactive, becaufe it exceedingly blacks the Tecth. alg Tobacco in our age is immoderately grown into ufe, and it aflects men with a fe- | cret kind of delight, infomuch that they who have once inured themfelves unto it can hardly afterwards leave it : and no doubt it hath power to lighten the body, andto fhake off wearinefs. Now the vertue of it is commonly thought to be, becaufe it Opens the paflages, and yoids humors :. but itmay more rightly be referred tothe con- denfation of the Spirits ; for it isa kind of Henbane, and manifeftly troubles the. | Head, as Opiates doy?! | | There are fometimes Humors engendred in the body, whichare, as it-were, Opiate themfelves ; as it is in fome kind of Adelancholzes, with which if a man be affe@ed, it | isafign of very long life. Dy ak ’ The fimple opiates ( which are alfo called stupefattives) are thefe : Opium it felf, which isthe juice of Poppy ; both the Poppses.as well in the Herb as in the Seed ;. Hen- | bane, Mandrake, Hemlock, Tobacco, Night-fhade: ; | The compound Opiates are, Treacle, Methridate, Trifera, Ladanum, Paracelfi, Diacos nium, Dialcordium,? hilonium,? ills of Hounds- tongue, aig “From this which hath been faid, certain Defignations or Counfels may be deduce for the prolongation of life, according to the prefent intenfion ; namely, of condenfing the Spirsts by Opiates. f * Let there be thercfore every year, from Adult years of Youth, an Opzate diet; let it 32. | be taken about the end of May, becaufe the Spirits in the Summer are more loofe and attenuated , and there are lefs dangers from cold humours; let it be fome Adage(ral Opiate, weaker than thofe that are commonly in ufe, both in refpeé of a {maller quan- { tity of @pzam, andof a more {pating mixture of extreme hot things; let itbetaken in the morning betwixt fleeps. The fare for that time would be more fimple and {pa- ting thanordinary, without Wine, or Spices, or Vapourous things. This Medicineto be taken onely each other day,and to be continued for a fortnight. This Defignation in our judgment comes home to the intenfion, —_. Opiates alfo may be takenj-not onely by the mouth, but alfo by Fames ; but the 33- Fumes mult be fuch as may not move the expulfive Faculty. too f{trongly, not force down humours, but onely take in a Weft, may work upon the Spirits within the. brain, And therefore a Suffumigation of Tobacco, Lignum-Aloes, Rofemary-leaves VA te . : , F : dried,
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
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38.
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the ufe thereof, are certifi'd to be yerylong-liv’d, whereas the mean people are |
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li
lit helpeth perfpirationin inflammations.
i! t
Snow and Ice on theout-fide of the Veflel, Nereis alfo added, and no | citeth and fortifieth the Congelation, Itis true, thatthey ufe allo for this wo: | BaysSalt,. which dotlvrather give aétivity to the coldnefs of the Snow, than felt: But, as. Uhavé heard, in the hotter Regions, where Snow fallsnot, th
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It
'| Mitre is found amongft Vegetables, which aboundeth with Spzrit, and yetis cold, eae
in (certainly a ode is: affirmed that! Gaz powder, which confifteth principally of,
he a ae |
dried, ats alittle Adyrrhe fnuficd up in the morningat the mouth andnoftrils, wo In Grand Opiates, fuch as-are Treacle , «Methridate , and the reft, it wou amifs (efpecially in youth) to take rather the déffilled waters eaiiy intheit bodies ; for the vapour in diftilling doth rife, but the heat of the Medicine co monly fetleth. | Now diftilled waters are good in thofe yertues which are conyeye Vapours, inother things but weak. . There are Medicines which have a certain weak and hidden degree, and therefor fafe to an Opzate vertue ; thefe fend forth a flow and copious vapour, but not malig nant as Opiates do, therefore they put not the Spirits to fight; notwithftanding they | congregate them, and fomewhat thicken them. ag : ee Medicines in order to Opiates are principally Saffron, next Folium Indum,. . ber-greefe, Cortander-[eed prepared ,, Amomum, Pfeuda-mamum, Lignum-Rtodium, | Orenge-flower water, and much more the Jafufon of the fame Flowers new gathgred: | in the Oil of edlmonds ; WN utmegs pricked full of holes, and macerated in Rofe water. Poon choy ain oy aden la -atetk mn ue _ As Opiates are to be taken very {paringly, and at certain times, as was faid, fo hefe fo. | condaries may be taken familiarly, and in our daily diet, and they will be very eftegtaal to prolongation of life. Certainly an Apothecary of (alecute, by theule of « dasbep, is faid to have lived an hundred and fixty, years ; and the Noble-ameu of Barbary,through }
4
er
of fhort life. And our Aucefors, who were longer-liv’d than we, did ufe Saffron | much in their Cakes, Broths, and the like. _Andtouching the firft way of condenfing | the Spirits of Opsates and the Subordinatesthereto,thus much. — “ae Midi TE ~ Now we will enquire of the fecond way of condenfing the <pirsts by Cold. For the: proper work of Cold is Condenfation, andit is done without any, malignity, or adverfe | — quality ; and therefore it is a fafer operation than by opzates, though te heuiel powerful, if it be’done byturns onely, as Opzates are. But then again, becaufe it may % be ufed familiarly, and in our daily diet with moderation, it is much more powerfulfor { the prolongation of life than by pzates. . 279 4470-14) _ The Refrigeration’ of the Spirits is effeCted three. ways, either by Respiration, | ot by Vapours, or by «Aliment. The firft is the belt, but, in a fort, out of out] power ; the fecond is potent, but yet ready ,and at hand; the third is weak, and] — -fomewhat about. : Loy pe a eee fe Airy clear aud pure, and which hath no fogginefs in ity before it be received into the | Lungs, and which is leaft expofed to the Sun-beams, condenfeth the Spirits belt. Such | ~ is found either on the tops of dry Mountains, or in Champagnes open to the wind,and | — yet not without feme fhade. ss Le ot) virce 2 hein As forthe Refrigeration and C ondenfation of the Spirsts by Vapours, the Root of this. z ; opetation we place in Mitre, as a Creature’purpofely made and chofen for this end, be- | — ing thereunto led,and perfwaded by thefe Arguments, hs i (oe Oe | Nuitre is akind of cool Spice: this is apparent to the fenfe it felf, for it bites the } ‘Tongue and-Palate with cold, as Spices do with heat, and itis the onely thing, asfar as | weknow, that haththisproperty. oxi onl es Se ae | | Alinoft all cold ebings (which are cold properly, .and not by accident, as Opiwma is) | ate poor and jejune af Spirit; contrarily, things full of spirizare almoft all hor, onely |
for Camphire, whichis full of Spirit, and yet performeth the actions of cold, it coo ny by accident onely ; as namely, for that by the thinnefs thereof, without 4erimony, \
heme em
it M1IBHED. 2.4, pe OAS Lise “In congealing and freezing of Liquors, (which, is lately grown. into.
¢ wa
ing is wrought by Mitre alone; but this I cannot certainly affirm...
drink, doth ¢ohduce!to valour, and that it is ufed oftentimes by Mariner beforethey begin their Battels, as the Furks doy Opinms athe edie wee SLC TARAO KN gtiiheek Pie's AS neitieite, EG 4 rte 8 hea
Rit
| ~The Hiiflory of Life and Death. ie Nitre giverr are good fucéefs in burning Agues, and Pe ftiléittial Fevers, to miti- 7 gate and bridle their petnicious heats.
Tt is manifeft, tha Wire ih Gan-powder doth mightily. abhor the Flame; from
whence.is caufed that horrible Crack and puffing.
Nutre i is found to be, as it'were, the Spérit of the Eatth:: for this is moft cer- tain, that any Earth, though pureand unmixt with Nitrous matter, if it be fo laid up
\-and covered, that it be free from the Sun-beams, and putteth’forth no Vegetable, 3 i gather Nitre, even in good abundance. By which it is clear, that the Spirit of ve is not onely inferiour to the | Spirit of living ‘Creatures ; but alfo to the. Spirit | of Vegetables. é tile which drink of Nitrous water do manifeltly grow fat which is af Gi gn of the ; ‘cold in Nutre. ‘ Loy
~ The manuring of the Soil'is ‘chiefly by Nitront forbpances 5 da ‘all Dung i is Nitrows, and this is a fi ign “of the Spirit in Nitre.
From hence it appears 5 that the Spirits a Man may be doled and condenfed 2 iene Spirit of Aztre, and be made more’ crude, and lefs eager. And therefore,
ftrong Wines, and Spices, and theliké; do burn the Spirits, and fhorten life ; ae ‘on the contrary: fide , Nit doth sige ce and reprefs them » and furthereth to
2
ative may be. ited with meat,. by wich our salt, to the tld part of tHid Salt ; 4 in roths. taken ji in the morning, ‘for three grains to ten, alfo i ii Beer: ? but’ how/oever it be ufed, with moderation, it is of | prime ferce'ts long Lifel 'oiy yoris vor: | As Opinm holds the prehieminence in condenfia ing the Spirits 5 by ‘putting chee to '| flight, and hath withal his Subordinates, lefs porent, but mote fafe, which maybe t en ‘both i in ‘greater quantity, and in more frequent ufe , Of which we have for- ner tly fpoken iy alfo Nutre, which condenfeth the Spirits by. cold; and by a kind of Frefcour, (aswe now a- days fpeak ) hath alfo his S ubordinates. ” subordinates to Nitre are, all thofe: things’ which yield an’ Odour dnt Ear- : thy, ‘like the fmell of Earth,” pure and 20d, newly’ digoed ‘or turned up ; of this fort | the chief are, Borage, Bughofs , oo Langue de Bef , Burner y Strawberry leaves and ‘Stramberries,Frambois or Rafpy,taw Sick es bay Pearmuins, Ais leaves, sis Buds 5 3 alfo Violets, — he next in ofder ate thofe which have’ 4 conti fret nefs af fi nelly but fomew sie | more inclined to heat ; yet not altogether void of that vertue of refrething by ‘cool- | nefs§ “fuch as are Balm, green 1 Civont,. green Canes Rofé-water aiptilled, sroafted it ; | = the Damatk, ‘Red, and Atusk Rofes. 7 his is to be. noted, that Subordinates to Witre do commonly. confer: ur een . if aie Paige then hayin ig pan fled the Fire, Beeaufe that® the’ Spirit of Cooling | ' is diffipsced byt the Fire ; ; “théref ore “oe are belt taken, either suiiee in fome es aaa i _As the condenfati on of the § bik by. Subordinate to Spin is in n forme forsee
| a by the ely, teat the fame n nature. oe ee Be a certain Brent ord tho I lived Yong nt bar’
ae thereof. — a, lant s
c Spirits “ Wee na) to be 5 that which we é call Pees the Sp ity ”
ae, the a wali
La he - to goal oabroady pena ail, “hat the Spit ated as it ‘were; a | } reartnt f “te & in
i hee meee
oad
| | temperate, and fometimes difcontinued ; alfo\of savory, 47 |
AL Hs Hitherto appettain. drinking of watery a hard Bed, abjtinen ce
ee
in. potiy own fociety ae enjoy Themfelves, and > and Centre.
For:thefe, if you recolle& thofe| things. which were dinates to Opium and Nstre,there wilngeano® het Lage
As for the quieting of the werulinefs of the $pi when we enquire touching their Motion. Now then, Condenfation of the Spirsts which hipestainee to cal we of Heat in them. _
The Heat of the spirits, as we ‘id, ought to ites of so wii not eager, and may delight rather to matter the tough an inat ohn the thin and light humors.
We muft beware of Spices, Ay og afd ieee Drinks, tat ou and all fuch as bite and heat the “— for they. el te x 1¢,
perative, but Predatory. | P
.Thefe yield a robuft heat , cfpeseily ‘Pe ae es * jarlick., a Water-crefies while they are young, Germander, edugelica, Xedos ry, Ve obese “Pepper-wort, Elder floners,,. Garden-C hervile + The ul oH hef oice and eceees fometimes in Sallads, fometimes in Medicines, wi ! Operatzon. ie ‘Jt falls out well that the Grand. wud will ae fe ve excellently for thi | -inrefpeé that they yield fuchan beat by compofition, which is Ry dy bi found, :in Simples. For the mixing of thofe exceffive hot things, (lack as binm, Pellstory of Spain, stavis-acre, Dragonawort,. Anagordi, Caftoreums,, Opponax,e4mmoniachum,Galbanum,and thelike, w rich of themfelves ¢ can
* 2
inwardly) to qualifie and abate the Stupefattives virtue of the Opts ae fuch a.conftitution of a Medicament as we now require; which i is exc this, That Treacle and Methridate, and, the reft, are not tharp,. nor bite but are. onely fomewhat bitter, and of ftrong fent, and at | Jaft m nif ft the they comeinto the ftomach, and in.their fubfequent operations. There conduce alfo to the robuft heat of the, Spirits Venses ofter ; performed ; and no lefs fome of the affections,” of which fhall be fpe | So- touching the heat, of the Spirits Analogical 9 te pelonaRR n- much.,) |
ee flame ) the /nguifition will bethort.. ae | oo lit feems to:be approved by experience, that a Spare Diet, and. aot ait fuch; as, is either preferibed. by. the ftri@ Rules of a Monaitical ae | by Hermites, which have Neceffity and one for their Rule, rendretk liv'd. sch ar
| Deer (as namely; of Herbs, Fruzts,..Fleflr, and Bh, rath { fuchh and fot) » an, Bair, foirt , frequent Faftings,, frequ quent | | frets and fach'like3 forall thefe diminith. the Spirits, and redi vcad t
ondted
© de
pessaiai be fathciene onely for the Funétions¢ of fit F wherebe pre
But iP ie Diet hall mot be altogether fo rigor >-dhall be always-equal and iconftant.t. it felt, et it ae nAn that..aFlame fomewhat, bigger: (fo: t bea ways alike meth lefs of the fuel than a leffer Flame blown with Bell Ww anc i ddoriveakers | Thatiwhich the Regiment and Diet of Corn ly « who did eat! and drink. fo many years ‘together by a by exceeded | an) hundred. he of age » fireng, in Hinds an
t
“a ak alfo moft ke taken, that, a as plentifi { any of thefe aforefaid Diets, omitteth not. a feaf cheafe too faft, and foften and deftroy the bod tityof Spirits, and (as we may fay.) Frugal, | at The Ingusf ition eB bridling the m
VOINES cae mers bes
Teuching. the Quantiry of the Saute, that chy. cok not exuberant af a 1 ita | rather sharing, and within a mean, ( feeing a {mall flame doth not, devour ine T git,
fiom # >po
A T 0:
apy
aa 1"
‘watchings ah 7 |
lt \ '
| i
a
The Hiftory of Life and Death.
=" eel eration
The Fable tells us, that Epsmenrdes flepe many years together ina Cave, and all that |
|
but fhort andilittle ; nay, and towards the laft-period of old age, a mere Ket; and, “as
) falpend the fenfes as meuch or more. .. Touching them; lee furtherinquiry be made, So far
roncbing Sleep. ssclely
ie
it me : : peagh 5 , ig t js 30K § : OSs B70} 9b 139 ! As fot Motion and Exeres/2, Lafitude hurteth, and fo doth all.Motion and Exer- cife which is.too nimble and {wift;) as Running, Tennis, Fencing, and thelike ; and _again, when our ftrength is extended and ftrainedto the uttermoft, \as.Dancing, Wreft- ling, and fuch like): for it is certain,that the Spsrsts being driven. into ftreights, either by: the {wiftnefs of the motion, or by the ftraining of the forces, ido! afterward become
| ||more eager and predatory. On the other fidg* Exercsfes which ftir up a good ftrang: ‘motion, but not over-{wiftsorto our utmoft ftrength, (‘fuchasateLeaping, Shooting, | Riding Bowling, and the like ):<do not hurt, but 'rather benefit::>>) » |: re
_ We mult come now to the Afeétions and Paffions of the Mindy dnd fee which of them '| .
arehurtful to long life, which profitable. 911) ea taod siotade bh | &Great foys: attenuate and diffufe the fpirits, and {horten life's famsliar Chearfulnefs | ftrengthens the /pirirs, by calling them forth, and yetnot refolyingthem. > _ Lapreffions of Foy in the fenfe are naught ; ruminations of Joy in the memory, :or apprehenfionsof them in hopevor fancy, are good. .' rt yet 1 30 Foy fuppreffed, or communicated {paritigly,, doth more comfort the /perits than Foy poured forth and publithed. vil oa 1 f Grief and Sadnefs, it it be void of Fear, and affli&: not too mich; doth rather pto- onglife ; for itcontracteth the fpércts,and is akind of condenfations 9 64 iy 2nd) _ Great Fears fhorten thelife': for though Grief and Fear do bothftreighten the /pirit, yet in Grief thereis.a fimple contraction 5 but in Fear, by reafon of the cares;taken} forthe remedy; and hopes intermixed, thereis a turmoil and vexing of the /persts. | | -eAnger {upprefied: is alfo a kind of vexation, and caufeth the /psrtt to feed upon the juices‘of the body; butlet loofe and breaking forth, it helpeth:, asthofe edicenes do! whichinducea robuft heat. si} Fo. NoBS3e%54 02. ettoisact _ €nvy is the worlt of all Paffions, and fecdeth upon the. /pirits,.and they, again, | upon the body; and {fo much the more becaufe it is perpetual, andj asit is faid,, teepeth:
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_Pity of another man’s: misfortunes which is not likely to befall our felves, isgood:. 4 aes G . ut
Netigtesan
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| The Hifor ‘of Tie
sad Ray: Shc may reflect With eid fimilitude upon the party pitying, “"r nau oh ‘camfe tt exciteth Fear... 9\s«.
Light: Shame hurteth not, fede x ceiitraCleth the Sfirits a Tidy and then. tr |: diffufeth: them:: infomuch that /bamefac'd perfons commonly live. long :) but S '|fome great ignominy, and which affli€teth the pads sonetaeteaie the to faffocation, and is pernicious. -
Léve,. if it be not unfortunate}: and! too deeply abot is. all , at fubjeG to the fame. Lawsiwhich we have fet down touching Joy, 22 he
Hope is the moft beneficial of all the Affectons, and doth much to We tiomofidifey éf it be not too! often fruftrated, but entertaineth the Fancy’ wile prt a peGation of good: therefore they awhich| fix and propdund to themifelves fom ‘end, |) Hy asthe mark and {cope of:their life ,» aiid: continually and! by! degrees go: forward.in the fame; are, for the:moft part, long-liv ds: ansfo muchthat whtn they/are come.to | the.top of their hope,:and! can go no; y Higher therein, :they commonly. droop; and live. not long after ; So that eg isa fa ip which ee be beaten be ty fion, like: Gold 2i ti nom A Tei tb Aili |
Admirationand light eatoaplaliea are ‘very comers to the cal Stitt af lifes for | they hold the jpirers in fach things as delight them, add. fuffer them not to tumultuare, 7 | or tocatry.themfelves anquictly and «waywardly, ‘And therefore all the.Contemplators \* of Natural. things; which had fo many: and eminent Objects toadmire, (as Demo- | » \ critas, Plato, Parmedides, Apollonius’) were long liy’d:s alfo Rhetoricians, which tae aT ftedvbut lightly of thingsy and, {tudiedrather Exornation of fpeech thaniprofundity of | ‘matters, werealfo long-liv'd ;.as Gorgias, Protagoras, Hotrates,. Seneca. And certain. ly;as old'men ‘are forsthémoft!part talkative, . fo talkatiyemen do often grow very for it fhews a light contemplation, and fuch as doth not much flain the Sfarts, oF them: but fubtil, and acute, cus eager Ree fhortens life; for it tireth the fpirit | and wafteth it) nolo me ~ o Andzas: esting) chapel of wes Gace by thedfesBans. of hel Mind, thus nuch. | Now we will adde\certaih other general Objervations‘touching the seme befide the. H foriner, which fall noninto. the precedentdiftribution. » 1+ is #8) AW ie
Efpecial care muft be taken that the Spirtts be not too atic refolved for’ attenua-. | a tion goeth before refolution, and the spirit once attenuared doth not very eafily retire, ortis: cokdenfed. Now Refalution ts cated by over-gréat labours, over-vehcment affe- |! ations of ithe mind, over: great fweats, “over: great evacuations, . hot Baths, and an un» temperate and unfeafonable ufe of Venus; ‘allo by over-great cares and carpings, me anxious expeétations ;° laftly,; by malignant difeafes, and intolerable painsand torm of the body -» all which, as much ee ‘be, C which our id ee ete alfo advife mutt be avoided. | q bie i29ages ct The fpiriss are snp both pei ool dl things, sg with; noms : ae it ‘maketh:| wonderfully to the confervation of the Sperits in. vigour, that we neither ule womted|| things to 4 -fatiety'and: glatting ; norwew things, before a quick, and, trong ; a ppetite. | 4a And therfore both cuffoms are to be broken off with judgment and care, . before they} ei 4 brted-a fulnéfs.; and the lppetire after new things to. be reftrained for. a time watil | ” it grow more fharp and jocond.x:and moreover, the 4fe, as much as may. be;. dois at be ordered, that itamay have many renovations, and the Spirits by-penpetual C1 |. in the fame actions may not wax dull.’ For though at: were no: LilLaying of veneea's, | The fool'doth everrbecimto tive ; yet this, folly. aridsmany: more fuch;».are goad for. Pe
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| Pag lie Lildwa bas d otbaaogy 46 48-0 be obferved touching the! Tpsries (chough they ‘contrary. wfed:.to: be done ) hat when men perceive their fpirits tor be in good,» placid, ..and healthful. tan (that Which *wilP be:feen by: the tranquility, of their Mind, and. chearful. difpofi- | bon} ithatthey cherifh them, » cand ‘not change ‘them: but biahengeadae bulent J. nd untoward tiie p (which will: alfo: appear’ bys their fadnefss| Jumpithnefs ,: eae e) ae other indifpofi tion oftheir mind) that: then they ftraight overwhelm: them , >and | alter them): Now tlre Spirits’ are contained in the fame tate; byca refraining « of th ald affections » temperatencls of diet, abftinence from Venus; smodetation i in labour} andifter ent: ‘gett and: repofe : and ‘the contrary. to: thefe'do alter» and over the'ypirits; as narnely, ‘vehement ‘affe€tions, profafe -feaftings, ahimoderate difficult labours, earneft ftudies, and profecution of bufinefs. Yet men are
when they are merrieft and beft a » them tovapply: Eee
i d Je 4 : A. 8
eis 1 | The Hiftory of Life and Death. 1 oe j _| Venus, Labours, Endeavours, Bufineffes, whereas: if they have a regard to long lifes ‘| ( which may feem ftrange ) they fhould rather practife the contrary. For we ought | | to cherith and preferve good fpirits, and: for the evil-difpofed spirits to difcharge and | alterthem. ‘Wis . | Ficinus {aithnot unwifely, That old men, for the comforting of their fpirits, ought | often to remember and ruminate upon the Adds of their (heldhood and Youth, Cer- |} tainly fuch a remembrance is a kind ‘of peculiar Recreation to every old man : | and thetefore it is a delight to men to enjoy the focicty of them which have been | bronght up together with them, and to vifir the places of their education. Vefpafian | did attribute fo much to this matter, that when he was Emperour he would by no means be perfwaded to leave his Father’s houfe, though but mean, left he thould Jofe the wonted obje& of his eyes, ard the memory of his childhood; and befides, he would drink in a wooden Cup, tipped with filyer; which. was his Grandmother's, upon Feffival dayes. i ; One thing above all is grateful to the Spirits, that there be:a continual pragre/s to the more benign ; therefore we fhould lead fuch a Youth and manhood, that our | Old age fhould find new Solaces , whereof the chief is moderate eafé : And there- | fore old men in honourable places lay violent hands upon themfelves, who retire not | to their eafe :. whereof may be found an eminent Example in. Caffiodorzs, who was | .of that reputation amongft the Gothi/h Kings of Jtaly, that he was as the Soul of their } affairs; afterwards, being near eighty years of age, he betook himfelfto a Monaftery; whete he ended not his dayes before he was an hundred years old. \ But this thing doth requite two. Cautions ; one, that they drive not off till their bodies be utterly { worn out and difeafed, for in fuch bodies all mutatign, though to the more benign; hafteneth death: the other, that they furrender not themfelves to a /luggi/h eafe, But ‘that they embrace fomething which may entertain their thoughts and mind with con- tentation ; in which kind the chief delights are Reading and Contemplation ; and then the defires of Building and Planting. ; pigitig bd ~ Laftly, thefame 4étion, Endeavowr and Labour undertaken chearfully and with a good will doth refrefh the spsrits; but with anaverfation and wawillingnefs, doth fret and |. _deje& them. And therefore it conferreth to long life, cither that a man hath the art to inftitute his life fo asit may be free and fuitable to. his own humour ; or elfeto lay fuch a comrhand upon his mind, that whatfoever is impofed by Fortune, it may rather eadhim than drag him, _ Neither is that to be omitted towards the governmentwof the feétions, that e{pecial 98a care be taken of the mouth of the Stomach, efpecially that it be not toomuch relaxed ; \for rhat part hath a greater dominion over the affections, efpecially the daily affeGions, ‘than eitherthe Heart or Brain; onely thofe things excepted which are wrought by po- ‘tent vapours, asin Drunkennefsand Melancholly. A 3 Touching the Operation upon the Spersts 5 that they may remain youthful; and re- 99% | new their vzgour, thus much : which we have done the more accurately, for that there is, for the moft part, amongft Phyficians and other Authors touching thefe Ope- rations a deep filence; but efpecially, becaufe the Operation upon the Spirits, and ther waxing green again, isthe moft réady and compendious way to long life ; and that for es two-fold compendiouf{nefs: one, becaufe the Spirits work compendioufly upon the body ; the other, becaufe. Yapours and the e4ffettions work compendioufly upon the Spirits; {o as thefe attain the end, asit were; inaright line, other things rather in Jines circular. ; |
ISe
96,
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The Operation upon the Exclufion of the eA ir. 2. The Hiftory, ) $7 es
HE Exclufion of the Air ambient tendeth to length of life two wayes : ; § Firft for that the External dir, next unto the Native Spirit, ( how-
foever the e4r may be faid to animate the Spirit of Man,. and con- ferreth not a little ta health ) doth moft of all prey upon the juices of the bodys . G 2 and
pore a Deiuaslion thereof ; pu therefor’ the “Exclufon of it eft | ’ length of life. . raiveyscird
suaitiod effe& which folic weelerhie Exclufiin afi vit, i is much oe |
found, namely, thatthe Body clofed up, and not perfpiring by the pores, detaineth the Spirsts within, and turneth it upon. the harder parts of the body, whereby the Sprit | mollifies and intenerates them.» “ona ania
Of this thing. the reafon is explained in the Defictdtion of inanimate Bodies ; and
it is an Axiom almoft infallible, That the Spirce difcharged and ifluing forth; drieth Bodies ; detained, melteth andintenerateth them, And it fs further to be aflumed, That. all Heat doth properly attenuate and moiften, and contracteth and ieee by. Accident. i 2 empiet
Leading the Lfe in Dens and ieee salir the Air receives not the Sitebeend ‘may | be effectual to long life.. For the efr of it felf doth not much towards the de tion of the body, unlefs i it be ftirredupby heat. Certainly, if aman shall recal
{ paft to his memory, it ‘will appear that the ftatures of men have been casing éich | greater than thofe that fucceeded, asin Sicily, and fome other places : butthis kind of men led their lives; for the moft part, in Caves... Now length of life and largenefs of | limbs have fome affinity. The cave alfo of Epimenides walks among the’ Fables. 1 fuppofe likewife, that the life of Columnar nchorites was a thing refembling the life |
in Caves, in refpect the Sun-beams could not much piérce thither, nor the 4é receive | any great changes or inequalities. This is certain, both the Simeon Stelita’s; as well. Daniel asSaba, and other Columnar Anchorvees,have been exceedinglong-liy’d, Like. | wife the dnchorites in our dayes, clofed up and immured either within Walls or Pillars; are often found to be long-liv’d.” e]
Next unto the life in Caves is the life on —Monntaixs: for as the beside “6 thd Sun do not penetrate into Caves; fo on the tops of Aonntains, being deftiture of | Reflexion, they are of finall force. . But this is tobe underftood of Mexntains where the Air is clear andpure ; namely,whether by reafon of the drinefs of the Vallies;Clouds and Vapours do not afcend; as it isin the Mountains which encompafs Barbary, where, oe at this day, they liye many times to an n hundred: and ek yearsyias hath been noted | before. ibily
And this kind of er of Caves and Monntains, of its own proper ies is litte: or | nothing predatory ; but er, fuch as ours is, which is predatory through the heat of | the Sun, ought.as much as is poffible,to be excluded from the body.
But the “ir is prohibited and excluded two sei firlt, ves 6lofi ng the Pores ; i! 5 condly, . by filling themup.
To the clofing of the Pores help coldiels of the air, going naked, whereby the skin’ is made hard, wafhing in cold water, Aftringents avec to the skin, fuch as are zie ftick, Myrrhe, Myrtle.
But much more may we fatisfie this Operation by Baths, yet thofe rarely fas pie . cially in Summer) which are made of aftringent Msmeral waters, fachas may fafely be} — ufed, as Waters participating of Steel and Coperas ; for thefe do potently contractthe | skin.
As for filling up the Hees, Paintings and fuch like Unttnous daubings, and ( ‘ditil may moft commodioufly be ufed) Oil and fat things, do no lefs conferyethe fubitance | of the body, than Oil-colours and Varnith do preferve Wood. Paha va
The ancient Britains painted their bodies with «oad, and were exceeding long iva: | BG the Psés alfo ufed paintings, and are thought by fome to have derived their name from | 7 thence.
The srafilans and Virginians paint themfelves at this day, who are (efpeci slid + former ) very long | liv’d ; infomuch that five years ago the French fefwstes had fj pay t with fome who eethembrcd the building of Fernambuck, which was done an hundred |. and twenty years fince; and they were ‘then at Man’s eftate.
Joannes de temporsibus, who is reported to have Prrended his life to che hailed years, being asked how he preferved himfelf fo long, is {aid to have anfwered, iy On| without, and by Honey withing
The Jrifo, efpecially the wild-Irifh, even atthis day live very long iccieonalia report, that within thefe few years the counte(s of. Defimond lived to an hundred
forty years of age, and bred Teeth three times. Now the /ri/h have @ fethion toch ¥ ge as it were, to baftethemfelves with old Salt- ier ane fink) Saini ae he
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The Eiftory of Life and Death: |. 37 The fame Irifh ule to wear Saffroned Linen and Shirts : which though it were at | firft devifed to prevent Vermin, yet howfoever I take it to be very ufefu) for length- | ning of life ; for saffron, of allthings that I know, is the belt thing for theskin, -and the comforting of the fle(h, feeing itis both notably Aftringent, and hath befides an Oleofity and {ubtle heat, without any Acrimony. Lremember acertain Enghhman, who when he went to'Sea carried a bagg of Saffroh next his {tomack, that he might conceal it, and fo cfcape Cuftom ; and whereas he was wont to bealways exceed- ing Sea-fick, at that time he continued very well, and felt no provocation to vomit. . ‘ -| Aippocrates advifeth in Winter to wear clean Linen; and in Summer foul Linen and befineared with Oil, The reafon may feem to be, becaufe in Summer the Spirits ex- hale moft, therefore the pores of the skin wouldbe filled up. ww Hereupon we are of opinion, that the ufe of Oil, either of Olives or {weet AL monds, to anoint the skin therewith, would principally conduce to long life : The anointing would be donecvery morning when we rife out of bed, with Oilin whicha little Bay-falt and Saffron is mixed. But this anointing mult be lightly done with Wool, or fome foft {ponge, not laying it on thick, but gently touching and wet- ting the skin. by pts | ! . > LN | Itis certain that Liquors, even the Oily themfelves, in grearquantities draw fome- what from the body ; but contrarily,in {mall quantities are drunk in by the body: there- fore the anointing would be butlight, as we faid, or rather the fhirt it felf would be be- fmeared withOil. tO a It may happily be objected , that this anointing with Oil, which we commend, | (though it were never in ufe with us, and amongft the /takans is caft off again ) was anciently very familiar amongft the Grecians and Romans, and a part of their Diet ; and yet men werenotlonger-liv’d in thofe dayes than now. But it may-rightly be an- | fwered, Oil was in ufe onely after Baths, unlefs it were perhaps amongft Champi- ons: now hot Baths are as much contrary to our operation, as e4vintings are congruous, feeing the one opens the paffages, the other ftops them up + therefore the Bath, without theanointing following, is utterly bad; the anointing without the Bath is beft of all. Befides, the anointing amongft them was ufed onely for delicacy, or (if you take itarthe beft) for health, but bynomeans in order to long life; and therefore they ufed them with all precious Ointments, which were good for deliciouf -nefs, but hurtful to our intention, inregard of their heat: So that zrgel feemeth not to have faid amifs, P ——Nee Cafia liquidi corrumpitur ufus Olivt, _ That odorsferous Cafia hath not fupplanted the ufe of neat Oil-Olive. - Anointing ith oz conduceth to health, both in Winter, by the exclufion of the told air, and in Summer; by detaining the fpirits within, and prohibiting the Re- folution of them; and keeping off the force of the air which is then moft pre- datory. Sezing the anointing with Ov! is one of the moft poterit operations to’long life, we have thought good to add fome cautions, left the health fhouldbe endangered: They are four, according to the four nconveniences which may follow thereupon. The firlt /nsonvenience is; that by repreffing fweats, it may ingender difcafes from thofe excrementitious humours. Tothis a remedy muft be given by Purges and Cly- fers; that evacuation may be duly performed. This is certain, that evacuation by {weats commonly advanceth health, and derogateth from long life; but gentle Purgers work upon the humours,not upon the {pirits,as {weat doth. eae | The fecond Inconvemence is, that it may heat the body, and in time inflame it; for } the fpirits fhutin, and not breathing forth,acquire héat. This inconvenience may be } prevented, if the Diet moft uftally incline to thé colder part, and that at times fome | | proper cooling Medicines be taken; of which we fhall ftraight {peak in the operation } upon the Bloud, Fy hah ole He The third is, that it may annoy the head ; for all Oppletion from without ftrikes back the vapours, and fends them up unto the head, . This inconvenience is remedied by Purgers; elpecially Clyfters, and by fhutting the mouth of the ftomach ftrongly with Stipticks; and by combing and-fubbing the head, and by wafhing it with convenient Lics, that fomething may exhale, and by not omitting competentand good exércifes, that fomethin galfomay perfpire by the skin. ea ae Sorat ia geal Pea
‘The Hiflory of Life and Death.
The fourth Jnconvenience is a more fubtil Evil, namely, - that the Spirit beir | detained by the clofing up of the Pores, is likely to'multiply it felf too much; for when | little iffueth forth, and new Spirit is continually .ingendred, the Spiritincreaferh OG fafts and fo preyeth upon the body more plentifully. But this is not altogether fo; for all Spirit clofed up is dull, ( for it is blown and excited with motion as Flame is) | and therefore it is lefs aGtive, and lefs generative of it felf: Indeed it is thereby m- | creafed in Heat, (as Flame is) but flow in Motion, And therefore the remedy to this inconvenience muft be by cold things, being fometimes mixed with Oa/, fuch | ‘| as are Rofes and eMyrtles; for we muft altogether difclaim hot things, as we faido | Caffia. ' lgthe- OFF 4 ; ; ugh ne . ae will it be unprofitable to wear next the body Garments that ‘hast diy them fome Unéuofity or Oleofity, not Aquofity, for they will exhanft the body lefs.; fuch as are thofe of Woollen rather than 'thofe of Linens Certainly it is} — manifeft in the Spirits of Odours,; that if you lay. fwect powders amongit Li- | nen; they will much fooner lofe their {mell than amongft Woollen. And»there- fore Linen is to be preferred for. delicacy and neatnefs, but to be fufpeéted for our Operation. : io 3 thy 4o fo et. |
The 1 ld Iréfh, as foon as they fall fick,the firft thing they de is to take the fheets | - off their beds, andto wrap themfelvesin the woollencloaths. =§ © «© {|
Some report, that they have found great benefit in the confervation of their health | - by wearing Scarlet Wafcoats next their skin, and under their fhirts, as well down to the neather parts as on the upper. OOD intent |
It is alfo to be obferved, that 4zr accuftomed to the body doth Iefs ptey upon it, } than new ir and often changed ; and therefore poor people, in {mall Cottages, who live always within the {mtell of the fame chimney, and change not their feats, are commonly longeft liv’d : notwithftanding, to other operations ( efpecially for theny whofe Spirits are not altogether dull ) we judge change of air to be very profitable; but a mean muft be ufed, which may fatisfieon both fides. This may bedone by re- | — moving our habitation four times a year, at conftant and fet times, unto convenient } feats, that fo the body may neither be in too much peregrination, nor in too much | ftation, And touching the Operation upon the Exclufion of ir, and avoiding thé
predatory force cheneat thus much,
ed
The Operation upon the Bloud ,» and ae Sanguifying Heat. 3.
The Hiftory. HE following Operations anfwer to the two precedent, and are in the re- |
lation of Paffives and e4Mives : for the two precedent intend this, that | —
the Spirits and «ir in their actions may be the lefs depredatory ; and the} —
‘NS two latter, that the Blond and Juice of the body may be the lefs depredable. | But becaufe the Bloud is an irrigation or watering of the Juices and Members, and’a | — preparation to them, therefore we will put the operation upon the Blozd in the firft’ i place, Concerning this Operation we will propound certain Counfeis, few in number, | — but very powerful in virtue. They are three. Se Firft , ‘there is no doubt, but that if the bloud be-brought to a cold temper, it } will be fo much the lefs diffipable, But becaufe the cold things'which are taken } © by the mouth agree but ill with many other Intentions, therefore it will be beft i to find out fome fuch. things’ as may be free from thefe mconveniences. ‘They | are two. ditt 1 eT SO ee The firft is this : Let there be brought into ufe, efpecially in youth, (fiers, | perging at all, or abfterging, but onely cooling, and fomewhat opening: i hof approved which are made of the Juices of Letruce, Purflane, Liver-wort, Houfesleek, and } the —Maucilage of the feed of Flea-wort, with fome temperate opening sien { i . ge | i Y ttle { i <a . Mac cit.
wv ae ; pate >
Bm oak oe — The Hiftory of Lifeand Death.
a nena eee emma mnt nce mt oe =
little Camphire : but ia the declining age let the Honsleek and Purslane be left out, and
/ }
the juices of Zorrage and Endive, and the like, be put in their rooms. And Ict thefe |
Clyfters be retained, if itmay be, for an hour or more.
and but luke-warm, altogether without Emollients, as Mallows, Mercury, ~Milk, and the like; rather take new hey in fome good quantity, and Rofés. ~ But (that whichis the principal ia thisintention, and new) we advife that before the bathing of the body be anointed with Oil, with fome thicknefs,whereby the quality of the cooling may be received, ‘and the water excluded: yet Ict not the pores of the body be fhut too clofe ; for when the outward cold clofeth up the body too ftronely, it is fo far from furthering coolnefs, that it rather forbids, and {tirs up heat. "Like unto this is the ufe of Bladders, with fome deco@ions and cooling juices, ap - plied’ to the inferiour region of the body, namely, from the ribbs to the privy parts; for this alfo is a kind of bathing, where thc body of the liquor is for the moft part ex- cluded, and the cooling quality admitted. ~The third counfel remaineth, which belongeth not to the quality of the blood, but to the fubftance thereof, that it may be mademorefirmand lefs diffipable, and fuch, as the heat of the fpirit may have the lefs power overit. . >
And as forthe ufe of Filugs of Gold, Leaf-gold, Powder of Pearl, Precious frones, Coral, and the like, we haye no opinion of them at this day, unlefsit be oncly assthey may fatisfie this prefent Operation. Certainly, feeing the e4rabians, Grecians, and mo- dern Phyficians have attributed fuch virtues to thefe things, it cannot be altogether Nothing which fo great men have obferved of them. And therefore omitting all fan- taftical opinions about them, we do verily believe, that if there could be fome fuch thing conveyed into the whole mafs of the bloud in minute and fine portions, over which the fpirits and heat fhould have little or no power, abfolutely it would not only refift Patrefaction, but eArefattion alfo, and be a moft effectual means to the prolonga- tion of life. Neverthelefs in this thing feveral cautions are to be given. Firft, that | there be a moft exa@ comminution. — Secondly, thatfuch hard and folid things be void of alfmalignant qualities, left while they be difperfed and lurk inthe veins, they breed ‘fome ill convenience. Thirdly, that they be never taken together with meats, nor in any fuch manner as they may ftick long, left they beget dangerous obftructions about | the Mefentery. | Laftly, that they be taken very rarely, that they may not congregate | ‘and. knot together in the veins. : | |
“Therefore let the manner of taking them be fasting, in white wine, a little Oil of edimonds mingled therewith, Exercife ufed immediately upon the taking of them.
17
The Sémples which may farisfie this Operation are , in {tead ofall, Gold, Pearls and
' old hath. As for all glaffie and tranfparent Jewels, we likethem not, (as we faid be- |
|| But, in our judgment, the fafer atid more effectual way would be by the ufe of Woods in Infufions and Deco€tions ; for there is in them fufficient to caule firmnefs of | may betaken in meatand drink, whereby they will find themore eafie entranceinto the } veins, and not be avoided in excrements.
- “The 4 oods fit for this purpofe are Sanders, the Oak and Vine. As for all hot woods
or fomething Rofennie, we reject them : notwithftanding you may adde the woody :
fialks of Rofemary dried, for’ Rofemiry is a Shrub, and exceedeth inage many Trees ; Ce the woody flalks of Ivy, but in fuch quantity as they may not yield an unpleafing ) italte. ‘a
| Let the %00ds be taken either boiled in Broths, or infufed in aft or ee before they leave working: but in Broths (as the cuftom is for Guaiacum and thelike) they jwouldbe infufeda good while before the boiling, that the firmer part of the wood, and notthatonely which liethloofely, may bedrawn forth. As for e4/b, though itbe ufed for Cups,yet welikeitnot. And touching the Operation upon the Blondthus much,
> Bese _— ; ry \ Je
he other is this, Let there be inufe, efpecially in Summer, Baths of freth water, |
' bloud, and not the like danger for breeding obftruGtions ; butefpecially, becaufe they |.
-————
TK.
I2.
T3-
ee a
ee ee oe = & 2 -# ae The Hiftory of Life and Death.
The Operation upon the Fuices of the Body.
The Hiffory hee
Ms Here are two kinds of Bodies (as was {aid before in the Izquifition to _animates) which are. hardly confumed , Hard things and Fat things
feen in Aetalls and Stones, and in Oil and wax. ei dk ee
a It muft be ordered therefore, thatthe juice of the body be fomewhat hard, and it |
be fatty or fubrofeid. — PRES Te ot at b
denfing the skin and flefh, and by @xercze, binding and compacting the juices of the
3. - As for hardnefi, it is caufed three ways: by Aliment ofa firm nature, by caldcon- ‘
body, that they be not foftand frothy. ; . 1° ae erect 4 As for the Nature of the Aliment, it ought to befuch as is not eafily diffipable ; fuch | \ asare Beef, Swine’s fle/b, Dear, Goat, Kid, Swan, Goofé, Ring- dove, by iia if they be a’
little powdreds Fifblikewife falted and dried, Old Cheefé, andthe like. bec) §: Asforthe Bread ; Oaten-bread, or bread with fomemixture of Peafe in it, or Rye-
the courle 7 heat-bread is more folidthan the pure Adanchet. ER a 6. The Inhabitants of the Orcades,which live upon falted fi/h,and generally all Fs/b-eaters, |
bread, or karly-bread, are more folid than wheat-bread, and in wheat-bread,
monly to a great age. _ as Pt
8. | Allo pure water ufually drunk makes the juices of the body lefsfrothy ? unto which if, for the dulnefs of the fpirits, (which no doubt in Vater are but a little penetratiye ) you fhall addea little Nutre, we conceive it would be very good. And touching the firmuefs of the Aliment thus much, Paik Sei
As for the Condenfation of the skin and flefh by cold: They are longer-liv’d for the | oft part that live abroad in the oper aér, than they that live in Hoafes ; and the Inha- bitants of the cold countries, than the Inhabitants of the hot. ot ee
Great ftore of clothes, either upon the bed or back, do refolve the body. _ 5
Wathing the bedy in cold water is good for length of life; ufeof bot B.ths is naught.
|
are long liv’d. : SoM ira Te The AZonks and Hermsites which fed fparingly, and upon dry <lement, attained com.
Touching Barhs of Aftringent Mineral waters we have {pokenbefore, - Asfor Exercife; an idle life doth manifeftly make the fleth foft and diffipables robufe exercife ( {fo itbe without over-much{weating or wearinefs) maketh it hard and com-- pact. Alfo exerci/e within cold Water, as {wimming, is very good; and generally - exercife abroad is better than that withinhoufes. 3 1? gS Ee Touching Fricarions, (which area kind of exercie) becaufe they do rather call forth | the Aliment than harden thefleth, we will inquire hereafter in the due place. pei ae Having now {fpoken of hardning the juices of the body, we are.to come next to the oie Olcofity, and Fattine/s of them, which is a more perfedt and potent Intention than Imdy- | ration, becaufe it hathno inconvenience or evil annexed. For all thofe.things which AY r pertain to the bardaing of the jusces are of that nature, that while they prohibit the q abfumption of the Aliment, they alfo hindcr the operation’ of the fame ; whereby it} happens,that the fame things are both propitious andadverfe to length of life: but thofe a things which pertain tomaking the Jzices Oclyand Rofcid, help on both fides, for they + render the Aliment bothlefs ciffipable,and more reparable J aeshash. ge ate |, But whereas we fay that the Jwice of the body ought to-be Roferdand Fat, it 1s to be} ‘noted that we meanitnot of ayifible Fat; but of a Dewinefs difperfed, or (if ye will | callit ) Radical inthe very fubftance of the body. PR cs . __ Neither again let any man think, ‘that Os/ or the Fat of Meats or Marrow do engeh- | ‘der the(like, and fatisfie our intention: for thofe things which are once t a: ; not brought back again ;. but the Aliments ought to be fuch, which after atid maturation do then.in the end engender Oleofityin the fusces. i, Neither again let any! man think, that Od or Fag by it felf and oe ee hard LJ pation, but in mixture it doth not retain the fame? nature : for as O01 | y it felt i more longer in confuming then ater; {o in Paper or Linnen it ftickcth long
iG.
ah ae
14.
15.
i. Uy.
» is later dried, as we noted before.
. hezusth ay fbory of Life and Death:
To the Irrorationof the body, roafted meats dr baked meats are more effectual than boiled meats, and all preparation of meat with water is inconvenient: befides, Oilis . more plentifully extracted out of drie bodies than out of moift bodies, _
Generally, to the Zrroration of the body much ule of {weet things is profitable, as of Sugar, Honey, weet Almonds, Pine-Apples, Vsftachio’s, Dates, Raifins of the Sun,Corans, | Figs, and the like. Contrarily, all four, and very falt, and very biting things are oppo- fiteto the gencration of R ofcid Juice.
Neither would we be thought to favaur the Manichees, or their dict,though we com- mend the frequent ule of all kinds of Seeds, Kernels, and Roots, in Meats or Sauces; confidering all Bread ( and Bread is that which maketh the Meat firm) is made either of Seeds or Roots. : .
But there is nothing makes fo muchto the Jrroration of the body, asthe quality of the Drink, which is the convoy of the Meat; therefore let there be in ufe fuch Drinks as without all acrimony or fowrnefs are notwithftanding fubtil : fuch are thofe Wines which are (as the old woman faid in Plautus) vetuftate edentula, toothlefs with age, and Ale of the fame kind. |
Mead (as we fuppofe ) would not be illif it were {trong and old: but becaufe all Honey hath in it fome fharp parts, ( as appears by that {harp water which the Chy- mists extract out of it, whichwilldiffolve metals ) it were better to take the fame por-
er
tion of Sugar,not lightly infufed in it, but fo incorporated as Honey ufeth to be in AZead, |
and to Keep it to the age of ayear, or at leaftfixmonths, whereby the Water may lofe thecrudity, and the Sugar acquire fubtilty. ; Now ancientnefs in Wine or Beer hath this in it, that it ingenders fubtilty in the pe of the Liquor, andacrimony inthe Spirits, whereof the firft is profitable, and the econd hurtful. Now to reétifie this evil commixture, let therebe putinto the veflel, betore the Wine be feparated from the Mutt, Swines-fle/b or Deers-fle/h well boiled, that the Spirits of the Wine may have whereupon to ruminate andfeed, and fo lay afide their mordacity. - In like manner, if Ale fhould be made not only with the grains of Wheat, Barly, Oates, Peafe, and the like ; but alfo fhould admit a part ( fuppofe a third part to thefe gtains ) of fome fat roots, fuch as are Potado-roots, Pith of virtichokes, Burre-roots, or fome other {weet and efculent roots ; we fuppofe it would be a more ufeful drink for long lifethan 4lemade of grainsonely,
Alfo fuch things as have very thin parts, yet notwith{tanding are without all acri- mony or mordacity, are very good Sallets: which vertue we find to be in fome few of the Flowers ; namely, Flowers of Jvy, which infufed in Vinegar are pleafant even tothetalte ; Afarigold leaves, which are ufed in Broths ; and Flowers of Betony. And touching the operation upon the fsces of the Body thus much.
er ee,
The Operation upon the Bowels for their Extrufion of Aliment. §. |
The Hiftory. . W': thofethings are which comfort the Principal Bowelt, whicharethe foun-
tains of Concoétions, namely, the stomack, Lever, Heart and Brain; to
perform their funCtions well, (whereby 4/iment is diftributed into the parts,
Spirits are dilperfed, and the Reparation of the whole body is accomplifhed ) may be derived from Phyftéans, and from their Prefcripts, and Advices.
Touching the Spleen, Gall, Kidneys, Mefenteries, Guts and Lungs, we {peak not, for
thefe are members miniftring to the principal ; and whereas. {peech is made touching
_ health, they require fomctime a moft fpecial confideration, becaufe cach of chef?
have their difeafes, which unlefs they be cured, will have influence upon the Prin-
tipal eMembers. But as touching the prolongation of life, and reparation by ali- |
ments, and retardation of the incoGion os old age ; if the Concodtions and | i ) thofe
oo
oe te =. —<_
1 ee rte ; ne a a a A A A A ee ———
20.
a1,
22.
23.
24.
25
wot pines eee : The Hiflory of Lifeand' Death.
oe
thofe printipal Bowels be well difpofed,the reft will commonly follow according to ones | with.. : i Behe
And as for thofe things which, according to the different ftate of evety man’s body |. may be transferred into his Diet and the regiment of his life, he may colle& them out of the Books of Phyficians, which have written of the comforting and preferying the | four Principal Members: For confervation of kealth hath commonly need of no more than fome {hort courfes of Phyfick ; but length of life cannot be hoped without an or- derly dict,and a conftant race of foveraign Medicines. But we will propound fome few, and thofe the moft felect and prime dire€tions. aks
The Stomach ( which, as they fay, is the Mafter of the houfe, and whofe ftrength and goodnefs is fundamental to the other concoctions) ought fo to be guardéd and confirmed, that it may be without Jmtemperatenc{i hot s- next aftritted or bound, | not loofe ; furthermore clean, not furcharged with foul Humours, and] yet (in regard itis nourifhed from it felf, not from the veins ) not altogether ene or hungry: laftly, itis to be kept ever in appetite, becaufe appetite fharpens digeftion. A |
‘T wonder much how that fame (alidum bibere, to drink warm drink, (which was in | ufe amongft the Ancients ) is laid downagain. I knew a Phyfician that was very fa mous, who in the beginning of dinner and fupper, would ufually eat a few fpoonfulls | of very warm broth with much greedinefs, and then would prefently wifh that it were
~
out again, faying, He had no need of the broth, but only of the warmth.
I do verily conceive it good, that the firft draught either of Wéne, or dle, or any other drink, (to which a man is moft accuftomed ) be taken at fupper warm.
wine in which Gold hath becn quenched, I conceive, would be very good once ina meal; not that 1 believe the Gold conferreth any vertue thereunto, but that I know that the quenching of all Metals in any kind of liquor doth leave a moft potent Aftri- étion : Now 1 chufe Gold, becaufe befides that Aftri@tion which I defire, it leayeth nothing clfe behind it of a metalline impreffion. i
1 am of opinion, that the fops of bread dipped in wine, taken at the midft of the meal, arc better than wine it felf ; efpecially if there were infufed into the wine in | which the fops were dipped Regfemary and Cstron-pill, and that with Sagar, that it} may not flip too faft.
It is certain that the ufe of Quinces is good to ftrengthen the ftomach; but we take them to be better if they be ufed in that which they call Quiddeny of Qusnces, than in the bodies of the Qxinces themfelves, becaufe they lie heavy in the ftomach. But thofe Quiddenies are beft taken after meals, alone ; before meals, dipped in Vi- | negar. -; , j
Sach things as are good for the ftomach above other Simples are thefe, Rofemary, | Elecampane, Maftick, wormwmood, Sage, Mint. | I allow Pills of Aloes, Maftick and Saffron in Winter-time, taken before dinner;
but fo, as the Ales be not only oftentimes wathed in Rofe. water, but alfo in Vinegar in Hiwhich Tragacanth hath been infufed, and after that be macerated for a few hours in
OO
Oil of fweet Almonds new drawn,, before it be made into Pills. |
| Wine or e4le wherein Yormwood hath been infufed, with a little Elecampane and ycllow Sazders, willdo well, taken at timies, and that efpecially in Winter. .
But in Summer, a draught of White-wine)allayed with strawberry-water, inwhich | —
‘Wine Powder of Pearls and of the fhells of cra-fifhes exquifitely beaten and (which ; . 'may perhaps feem ftrange ) a little (halt have been infufed, doth excellently refrefhy | \ and ftrengthenthe ftomach, .
i} :
_ -But'generally, "all Drazghes in the morning “(which are but too frequently fed) cooking things, as of Juices, Decoétions, Whey, Barly-waters, and the like ) areto
(avoided; and ‘nothing is to be put into tite ftomach fafting which is purely co a. | | Theferthings are better given, if need require, either at five in the afternoon, or clfe an } hourafter alight breakfaft. | lose Wane igh: ea | i@fténfaftingsare bad for long life ;- befides, all thirft is to be avoided, and the fto- i 3 : i 2396 16.4 f
7
ee by t -
| <Oil'of Owes newand good, in which a little (Methridate hath been diff olved, | andirited upon the back-bone, juft againft the mouth of the ftomach, doth wonderfully
eet ae
a '
comfort the ftomach. © Meg eae - ‘Acfmall bag’ filled with locks of Scarlet-wool ftceped in Red-wine, in whi
ee creeds cane mer . on a ay ise re Se Re iat " : :
. t
mach‘is'tobekept clean, butalways moift. toad
¥ v 7
af
ee
“The Hiflory of Life and Death. |
Myrtle, and Citron-pill, and a little saffron have been infufed, may be always worn ' upon the ftomach. And touching thofe things wich comfort the ftomach thus much, feeing many of thofe things alfo which ferve. for other operations are hclpful co ehisihy> :. : ; | ; ; | The zéver, if it be preferved from Torrefathion, or Deficcation, and from obftruttion, ; it needeth no more ;, for that loofenefs of it which begets e4qao/ities is plainly'a dif- _eafe, but the other two old ageapproaching induceth. - Hereunto appertainmoft efpecially thofe things which are fet downin the Operation upon the Blozd: we will adde avery few things more,but thofe felected: Principally let there be in ufe the Wine of {weet Pomegranars, or, if that cannot by had, the juice of them newly expreffed ; Ict it be taken in the pining with a little Sugar, andintothe glafs into whichthe Expreffion is made put a {mall piece of (ztron- pell green, and three or four whole Cloves : let this be taken from Febrzarytill the end of Aphis ° |
!
Bring alfo into ufe above all other Herbs Water-crefes, but young, not old ;) they -may be ufed either raw in Sallets, or in Broths, or in Drinks: and after that take Spoon-wort. i » Aloes, however wafhed or corrected, is hurtful for the Lzver, and therefore it is never to be taken ordinarily. Contrariwife, Rhzbarb is fovereign for the Liver, fo that thefe three cautions be interpofed. Firft,that it be taken before meat, left it dry the body too much, or leave fome impreffions of the Stipzcsty thereof. Secondly, that '/ it be macerated an hour or two in Oil of fweet «Amonds new drawn, with Rofe-water, before it be infufed in Liquor, or given in the proper fubftance. | Thirdly, that it be taken by turns, one while fimple, another while with7 artar, ora little Bay-falt, that | it carry not away the lighter parts onely, and make the mafs of the Humoursmore ob- _.| ftinate. yf I allow Wine, or fome decoction with Sree/, to be taken three or four times in the | year, to open thé more ftrong obftructions; yet fo, that a draught of two or three ipoonfuls of Oil of {weet Almonds.new drawn ever go before, and the motion of the Body, efpecially of the armsand fides, conftantly follow. - ere Smeetned Liquors, and that with fome fatnels, are principally, and not a little effe: ual to ‘prevent the Arefattion, and Saltnefs; and Torrefatiion, and in a word, the | Oldnefi of the Liver, efpecially if they be wellincorporated witk age. They are made _ | of fweet Fruits and Roots, as namely, the Winesand Julipsof Rasfns of the Sanz new, { Gujubacs, dried Figs, Dates, Parfnips, Potatoes, and the like, with the mixture of Zz- , certs fometimes : alfoa Julip of the /ndran grain , (which they calbatacz) with the imisture of fome fweet things, doth much to.the fame end, Butit is to be noted; , that the intention, of preferving the Liver in a kind of foftnefs and fatnefs, ; is much more powerful than that. other which pertains to the opening. of. the | , Liver, which -rather tendeth to health than to length of life , faving that that | Gbftrudion which: induceth Torrefacizon is as oppofite,to long life’ as; thofe, other ' Arefattions, 1902! yU4h ae yee { commend the Roots of succory , Spinage and Beets clearéd of their piths, and » boiled till they be tender in Water, with a third part of whte-wine, for ordinary Sal- | lets, to be eaten with Oil*and Vinegar: alfo «fparagus, pith-of Artichokes, and Burre-roots boiled and ferved inafter the fame manner’; alfo Broths in the Spring-time of Vine- buds, and the ereen blades of wheat. And touching the preferving of the Le: ver thus much, » i: » The Heart receiveth benefit or harm moft from the 4z which we breath, from » Vapours, and from the Affedtions. Now many of thofe things which have been. for- _merly {poken touching the Spirits may be transferred hither; but that indigefted maf{s | of Cordials collected by. + byficians avails little’ to our intention +. notwithftanding | | thofe things which are found to be good againft Poyfons may with good judgment i be given to ftrengthen and fortifie the Heart, efpecially if they be of, that kind, that : they do not fo much refift the particular poyfons as.arm the heart and {pirits againft poy-
foningeneral. ‘And touching the feveral Cordials, you may repairto the Table already ferdown. fi ya er ee ile BS. _ The goodnefs of the Air is better known by experience than .by fions.' We hold that Air to be beft where the Country is level and plain, and that lieth open on all fides, fo that the foilbe dry, and yet not barren or fandy; which puts forth }
Wal } H 2 ild |
28.
29°
30.
31.
32.
37+
38.
‘ ee
~~ The Hiftory of Life and Death, } é x
Wild Thyme, and Eye-bright,and a kind of Marjoram, and here and there ftalks of €a- | lamint; which is notaltogether void of wood, but conveniently fet with fome Trees — for fhade ; where the Sweet-briar-refe {mclleth fomething Musky and Aromatically. wf |) there be Revers, we fuppofe them rather hurtful than good, unlefs they be very fmall, | and clear,and gravelly. ; eee tea, It is certain that the morning air is more lively and refrefhing than the evening air, though the latter be preferr’d out of delicacy. : ; Feng oh ‘We conceive alfo, that the ai /Lrred witha gentle windis more wholefome than the air of a ferene and calm skie; but the beft is, the wind blowing from the / ef inthe | ' morning, and fromthe North in the afternoon. baa ~ Odoxrs are efpeqally profitable forthe comforting of the heart, yet not fo as though ag ood odour were the prerogative of a good air: for itis certain,that as thereare fome Peftilential airs which f{imell not fo illas others that are lefs hurtful; fo, on the contra- ry, there are fome airs moft wholfome and friendly to the /pzrits, which cith fine not at all, or are lefs pleafing and fragrant to the fenfe. And generally, where the air is
}
ne ea
1
good, odours fhould be taken but now and then; for a continual odour, though never
fo good, is burthenfome to the /pzrits. Li
We commend above all others (as we have touched before) doar of Plants, grow- ing, and not plucked, taken in the open ar: the principal of that kind are Vzolets, Gullifowers, Pinks, Bean-flowers, Linse-tree-bloffoms, Vine-buds, Honey-fuckles, yellow Wall- flowers, Mask. Rofes, (for other Rofes growing are faftof theirfmells ) Srrawberry-leaues, efpecially dying, Sweet-briar, principally in the early Spring, wild Mint,Lavender flowered ; and in the hotter Countries, @renge-tree, Citron-tree,Myrtle,Lanrel: Therefore to walk or fit near the breath of thefe P/azts would not be neglected. sa |
For the comforting of the Heart, we prefer cool {mels before hot {mells : therefore the beft perfume is, either in the morning, or about the heat of the day, to take an equal. portion of Vinegar, Rofe-water, and Claret-w ine, andto pour them upon a Fire-pan fome- what heated.
Neither let us be thought to facrifice to our Mother the €4rth, though we advife, a in digging or ploughing the Earth for health, a quantity of claret-wine be-poured thereon.
Oreuge-flower-water, pure and good, with a {mall portion of Rofé-warer and brisk wane, {nufted up into the noftrils, or put into the noftrills with a Syrange, after the manner of an Errhine, (but not too frequently) is very good.
But champing (though we have no Berel’) or holding in the mouth onely of fuch } things as cheer the Spirits, (even daily done ) is exceeding comfortable. Therefore for) that purpofe make Grains or little cates of Amber-griece, Adusk,, Lignum-Aloes, Lignum Rhodium,Orras Powder,and Rofes; and let thofe Grains or Cakes bemade up with Rofe-water which hath pafled through alittle Izdian Balfam. i: {
~The Vapours which arifing from things inwardly taken do fortifie and cherifh the | _ heart ought to. have thefe three properties, that they be Friendly, Clear, and Coolie? R for hot vapours are naught, and « aye it felf, which is thought to have onely an_ eating | vapour, is not altogether void of an Opiate quality, Now we ¢ I thofe ie Clear |} & which have more of the vapeur than of the exhalation, and which are notdinoaky, or | fuliginous, or unctuous, but moiftand equal. ae if a eee
Out of that unprofitable rabble of cordials, a few usbiveo betaken into daily diet : inftead of all, smsber-griece, Saffron, and the grain of Keymes, of the hotter fort; Roots of Buglofs and Borrage, Citrons, Sweet Linzons,and Pearmains, of the colder fort, Alfothat way which we faid, both Gold and Pearls work x good cftcét, not onely within the veins, but in their paffage, and about the partsnearthe heart ; namely, by cooling, with- out any malignant quality. i Fs erate
Of Bezoar-ftoxe we believe welt; becaufe of many trials: but then the manner of { taking it ought to be fuch, as the vertue thereof may more eafily be communicated to | the /persts: therefore we approve not the taking of it in Brotks or Syrups, or in Rofe- | water, or any fuch like ; but onely in wine, Cinnamon-water, ot thelike diftilled water, | but that weak or fmall, not burning or ftrong, CAS aay |
_ Of the dffeétions we have {poken before ; we onely adde this, That every Nobl Refolute, and (asthey call it) Heroica! Defre, ftrengthneth and inlargeth the powers. the Heart. And touching the Heart thus much. UNE ST: ae
“i i “The Fiiftory of Life and Death.
As for the 2raim, where the Seat and Court of the Animal Spirits is kept, thofethings which were inquired before touching Opium, and Nitre, and the subordinates to them both, alfo touching the procuring of plactd fleep, may likewife be referred hither. This alfo is moft certain, that the Brazz is in fome fort in thecuftody of the Stomach; and therefore thofe things which comfort and ftrengthen the stomach do help the Braz by confent, and may no lefs be transferred hither. Wewill adde a few Obfervations; three Outward, one Inward.
We would have barhing of the Feet to be often ufed, at leaft once in aweek : and the Bath to be made of Lye with Bay fale, anda little Sage, chamomile, Fennel, Sweet- marjoram, and Pepper-wort, with the leaves of Angellica greens
We commendalfo a Fame or Suffumigation evety morning of dricd Fofemary, Bay- leaves dried, and Lignum-Aloes: for all {weet Gums opprefs the head. _
fuch are all kind of Spices, the very Nutmeg not excepted: for thofe hot things we debafe them to the foles of the Feet, and would have them applied there oncly ; buta light anointing of the Head with oil, mixed with Rofes, Adyrele, and a little Salt and Saf- fron, we much commend. | ) kine Not forgetting thofe things which we have before delivered touching Opiates, Nitre, and the like, which fo much condenfe the spirits ; we think it not impertinent to that effeét, that once in fourteen days broth be taken in the morning with three or four grains of (afforeum, and alittle 4ngelca-feed, and Calamus, which both fortifie the zraiz, and in that aforefaid denfity of the fubftance of the /pirits, ( fo neceffary to long life ) adde | alfo.a vivacety of motion and vigour tothem. | ~~ ap In handling the Comforters of the four principal Bowels, wehave propounded thofe | things which are both proper and choice , and may fafcly and conveniently be tranf- ferred into Diets and Regiment of Life : for variety of «Medicines is the Daughter of
Ignorance ; and it is not more true, that many Difhes have caufed many Difeafes, as the ing pe Gperatton upon the principal Bowels for their Extrufion of eAliment, thus much,
; | | |
— eee
eal be Operation upon the Outward Parts for their eA tiraction of Aliment. 6,
The' Hiffory. |
Lthough a good Coxcoéhion performed by the award Parts be the principal to-
_ wards a perfect Alimentation ; yet the Actions of the Outward Parts ought
alfo to concur ; that like as the Jsward Faculty fendeth forth and extrudeth the
Aliment, fo the Faculty of the Outward Parts may call forth and attract the fame:. and
| the more weak the Faculty of Coutotton {hall be, the more need is there of a concurring help of the Attratizve Faculty.
A trong Attrattion of the outward parts is chicfly caufed by the motion of the Body,
-{ by which the parts being heatedand comforted, do more chearfully call forthand ateraé the Aliment unto themfelves.
But this ismoft of all to beforefeen and avoided,that the fame motion and heat which calls the new juice to the members, doth not again defpoil the member of that juice wherewith it had been before refrefhed. .
Frications ufed in the morning ferve efpecially to this Jntention: but this muft
_ evermore accompany them, that after the Fricatioz the part be lightly. anointed with { pails: iat the Attrition of the outward parts make them by Perfpiration dry and | juicelefs. * | .
The next is Exercsf¢, (by which the parts confticate and chafe themfelves) fo it
Efpecially care muft be taken that no bot things be applied to the Head outwardly ;
Proverb is, than this is true, that many CAledscines havecanfed few Cures, Andtouchs
be |
EE Aes a aad
Al.
42. 43:
443
43:
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SOEs ER mat : = =
\ HORAN es vey +? | The Hiflory of LifeandDeatb. © be moderate, and which (as was noted before) is not {wift, nor to the utmoft ftre th, | nor unto wearinefs. But in Exercife and Frication there is the fame reafon and cau that the body may not.perfpire or exhale too much : Therefore Exercife-is' better the open air than inthe houfe, and better in Winter thanin Summer; and again, cife is not onely to be concluded with Unétion, as Frication is, but in yehement ercifes Un@ion is to be ufed both in the beginning and in the end, as it was to Champions. WOT ae ON aE
That Exercife may refolve either the {pirits or the juices as little a3 may be, it is”
neceflary that it be ufed when the ftomach 1s not altogether empty : and therefore that | — it may not be ufed upona full ftomach, ( which doth much concern health) nor yet upon an empty ftomach, (which doth no lefs-concern long life) it is beft totokea breakfaft in the morning, not of any Phyfical Drugs, or of any Liquors or of Raifins, | or of Figs, or the like; but of plain Meat and Drink, yet that yery light,and ia moderate uantity. ‘2 ’ hws : Escercifes ufed for the irrigation of the members, ought to be equal to all the mem bers ; not (as Socrates faid) that the Legs fhovld move, and the Arms fhouldreft, ot on the contrary; but that all the parts may participate of tne motion. And it isalto. | gether requifite to long lifes that the Body thould never abide long in one pofture, but | that every half hour, at leaft, it change the pofture, faving onely in fleep. - # = Thofe things whith are ufed to AZortification may betransterred to Viwification: for | both Hair. fhirts, and Scourgings, and all yexations of the outward parts,-do fortifie the Attractive force of them. “i sae et Cardan commends Nettling, even to let out Afelancholly: but of this we have no ex- perience ; and befides, we have no good opinion of it, left, through the venemous | quality of the 2errle, it may with often ufe breed Itches and other difeafes of the skin. And touching the Operation upon the Outward Parts for their Attratlion of Aliment, | thus much. wh ‘ Mag)
126
;
The Operation upon the eAliment it felf for. | the Infinuation thereof. 7. oz
The Hiftory.
He vulgar reproof touching many Dithes doth rather becom
former than a Phyfician; or howfoever it may be good for health, yet it is hurtful to length of life, by reafon that a various mixture of | Aliments, and fomewhat heterogeneous, finds a paflage into the veins and juices of the | body more lively and chearfully than a fimple and homogeneous dict doth z befides, it jismore forcible to ftir up Appetite, whichis the {pur of Digeftion., Theretore we | allow beth a full Table, and a continual changing of Difbes, according to the Seafons of the year, or upon other occafions. E260 ae. -Alfo that opinion of the Simplicity of Meats without Sawces is but a fimplicity of
judgment 3, for good:and well-chofen Sawces are the’ moft wholefome preparation of, | «Meats, and conduce bothto health andtolonglife. oS agai a It muft be ordered, that with Meats hard of digeftton be conjoyned {trong Liquors and Sawces that may penetrate and make way ; but with Meats more eafie of digefti- _ on, fmaller Liquorsand fat Sawces. se a Lae Oe oa ie | «Whereas we advifed before, thatthe firft Draught at Supper (hould be taken warm; | — now weadde, that for the preparation of the ftomach, a good draught of that Liquor ( to which every man is moft accuftomed) be taken warm half an hour before m alfo; but a little {piced, to pleafethetafte. a} Gk UA Ok aaa . The preparation of Meats, and Bread, and Drinks, that they may be rightly ha led,: and, in order: to! this Intention, is of exceeding great moment howfoeveri feem a Mechanical thing, and favouring of the Kitchin and Buttery; yet it is confequence than'thofe Fables of Gold and precious Stones,andthe like.
7
The Hiftory of Life and Death. a FT
The moiftning of the juices of the body by a moift preparation of the aliment, is a childith thing ; it may be fomewhat, available againft the fervours of difeafes, but it is altogether -averfe'to rofcid alimentation, “Therefore boiling of meats, a5 concerning our Intention, is far infcriour to roafting, and baking, and the like.
Roafting ought to be witha quick fire, andfoon difpatched ; not with a dullfire, and | in long time. ' Mail as mt | All folid flefhes ought to be ferved in, not altogether frefh, but fomewhat pow- | dered or corned; the lefs Salt may be fpent at the table with them, or none at all: | for Salt incorporated with the meat before is better diftributed in the body, then eaten | witht atthe table. hai | There would be brought into ufe feveral and good Aacerations, and Infufons of | Meats in convenient Liquors, before the roafting oF them: thelike wheréof are fome- | time inufebefore they bake them, and in the Pickles of fome Fifhes. | But beatings, and as it were fcourgings, of fleth-meats before they be boiled, would | work no {mall mattcr. We fee it is confefled that Partridges and Pheafants killed with | an Hawk, alfo Bucks and Stags killed in Hunting, (if they ftand not out too long, eat | better even to the tafte ; and fome Fz/hes {courged and beaten, become more tender | and wholfome ; alfo hard and four Pears, andfome other Fruits, grow {weet with row- ling them. It were good to practife fome fuch beating and bruifing of the harder kinds _ of Flethes before they be broughtto the fire ; and this would be one of the beft prepa- ‘ rations of all. : ; Bread a little leyened, and very little falted, is beft, and which is baked in an’ Oyen _ throughly heated,and not with a faint heat, ; | | \
iets
The preparation uf Drinks in order to long life fhallnot exceed one Precept. And as touching water-drinkers we have nothing to fay ; fucha diet (as we faidbcfore) may rolong lite to an indifferent term,but to no eminent length : but in other Drinks, that are full of fpirit, (fuch as are » zne, Ale, Mead, andthelike) this one thing isto be ob-
ferved and purfucd, as thc {um of all, That the parts of the Z2quor may-be exceeding |
| thin and fubtil, and the Speret exceeding mild. ‘This is hard to be done by 4ge alone, |
i for that makes the parts alittle morefubtl, but the {pirits much more {harp and eager: | therefore of the /afufions in the Veflcls of fome fat fubftance, which may reftrain the | acrimony of the fpirits, counfel hath been given before. There is alfo another way without Jnfufion or ~Mixture: this is, that the Liquormight be continually agitated, _ either by carriage. upon the Water, or by carriage by Land, or by hanging the vef- {cls upon lines, and daily ftirring them, .or fome fuch other way: for itis certain that _ this lecal weticn doth both fubulize the parts, and doth fo incorporate and compact the _ fpirits with the parts, that they have no Ieifure to turn to fowrnefs, which is a kind of » patrefathon, er Bry , But in extream old age fuch a preparation of meats is to be made as may be almoftin ' the middle way to chylus. Andtouching the Déffallations of Meats,they are merc toys ; : for the Nutritive part, at leaft the beft of it, doth not afcend in Vapours. | The incorporating of meat and drink before they meet in the ftomach is a degree | to chylus : therefore lect Chickens, or Partridges, or Pheafants, or the like, be taken | and boiled in water with a little fale, then let them be cleanfed and dried, after- i ward let them be infufed in A4z/f or Ale before it hath done working, with a little Sugar. * sigh in , ' Alfo Grazies of meat, and the mincinags of them finall well {eafon’d, are good for
chewing, which is a principal kind of preparation. : _” And as for the helps of that defect; ( namely, of the ftrength of Teeth to grind the meat ) there are three things which may conduce thereunto, « Firft, that new Teeth may put forth ; that whichfeems altogether difficult, and cannot be accomplifhed without an inward and powerful reftauration of the body. Sccondly, that the Zaws be fo con- firmed by due 4/frsngents,that they may infome fort fupply the office ofthe Teeth; which may poffibly be effected. Thirdly, thatthe meat be fo prepared, that there fhall be no
need of chewing : which remedy is ready athand. - wid _ We have fome thought alfo touching the Quantity of the meat and drink, that the fame taken in a larger quantity at fome times is good for the srrigation of the body : therefore both great Feaftings and free Drinkings are not altogether to be inhibited, And touching the @peratioa upon the Aliments and the Preparation of them, thus much. ; The
ee
| old perfons ; and the rather, for that they are deftituted of the office of their Teerhi’
2.
IO.
It,
15.
16.
17s
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be C
The Hiflory of Life and Death. q
The Operation upon the lated of Afsimilation, gue
Bical the laft Act of Affimilation (santo which the three Operations immsediate ly preceeding chiefly tend) our advice fall be brief and fingle: and the thing se felf ra.
ther needs Explication, than any various Rules.
which are next them, This the rare and pneumatical bodies, as Flame, Spirit, Arr,
perform gencroufly and with alacrity : onthe contrary, thofethat carry a grofs and tangible bulk about them, do but weakly, in regard that the defire of affimilating other things is boundin by a ftronger defire of Reft,and containing themfelves from Motion. —
Again, it is certain that the defire of affimilating bcing bound, as wefaid, in aGrofs | body, and made uneffectual, is fomewhat freed and ftitred up by the heat and nerghbour- ing perct, fo that it is then actuated: which is theonely caufe why IJnammates affimi- | late not, and Animates affimilate. ort
This alfo is certain, that the harder the Confiftence of the body is, the more doth that body ftand in need of a greater heat to prick forward the affimilation : which falls out ill forold men, becaufe in them the partsare more obftinate, and the heat weaker ; and therefore either the obftinacy of their parts is to be foftned, or their heatincreafed. And as touching the Malaciffation or mollifying of themembers, we fhall fpeakafterward, having alfo formerly. propounded many things which pertain to the prohibiting and preventing of this kind of hardnefs. For the other, touching the increafing of the heat, we willnow deliver a fingle precept, after we have firft affumed this 4xzom,
The Aé of 4ffimilation ( which, as we faid, is excited by the heat circumfufed) is a motion exceeding accurate, fubtile, and in little; now all fuch motions do then’ | come to their vigour, when the local Adotion wholly ceafeth which difturbeth it, For the Motson of Separationinto homogeneal parts, which isin Milk, that the Cream fhould {wim above, and the Whey fink to the bottom, will never work, if the Milk benever’ fo little agitated ; neither will any Putrefattion proceed in Water or mixt Bodies, if the fame be in continual Local Motion. So then, from this Afumption we will conclude this for the prefent Inquifition.
The 4é it {elf of affimilation is chiefly accomplifhed in Sleep and Reft, efpecially towards the morning, the diftribution being finithed, Therefore we have nothing elfeto advife, but that men keep themfelves hot intheir fleep ; and further,that towards the morning there be ufed fome Anointing, or fhirt tincted with Oil, fuch as may gently {tir up heat, and after that to fall afleep again. And touching the laft 4c of 4ffimilation thus much.
E is certain, that all bodies are endued with fome defire of .4/fimilating thofe things
,
eee
The Operation upon the Inteneration of that which begins to be Arefied, or the-ALalaciffation of the Body. 9.
LV, E have inquired formerly touching the Inteneration from within, which is dene by
many windings and Circuits, as well of Alimentation as of Detaining the Spirit. from iffuing forth, and therefore uw accomplifhed lowly. TN ow we are to inquire touching | that Intencration which is from without, and is effetted, as it mere, fuddenly ; or touching} the Malaciffation and Suppling of the Body. due
The Hiftory. ’ : oii
_ propounded this way-of accomplithing the fame, That the Old man’s body fhould 3 be'cut into feveral pieces, and then boiled in a Cauldron with certain Medicaments, } There may; perhaps,fome boiling be required to thismatter,but the cutting intopieces|}
| is not needful, ‘ Lt 2 Loy veld zene ity
y Ve os : Zoi 1 Ye ‘ ie the Fable of reftoring Pelias to youth again, D4edea, when the feigned to doit}
‘Note |
f- ie
; ae The Hiftory. of Life and ‘Death.
Notwithftanding, this cutting into pieces feems, in fome fort, to be ufcful ; not with a knife, but with judgment. For whereas the Confiftence of the Bowels and | Partsisvery diverfe, itis ncedfullthat the 1ztemeration of themboth be not effected tie fame way, but that there be a Cure defigned of each in particular, befides thofc things | which pertain to the Intencration of the whole mafs of the Body; of which, notwith- . | ftanding, in the firlt place. fi | | This Operation (if perhaps it be within our power) 1s moft likely to be done b 3- Baths, Unétions, and the like; concerning which thefe things that follow are to be obferved. . We mult not be too forward in hoping to accomplifh this matter fromthe Exam- As ples of thofe things which we fee done in the Jwbibitions and Adacerations of :nani- mates, by which they are intenerated, whereof we introduced fome inftances before: For this kind of operation is more eafie upon /vanimates, becaufe they attract ;and fuck in the Liquor ;_ but upon the bodies of Living creatures it is har- ‘| der, -becaufe in them the motion rather tendeth outward and to the Circum- - | ference, : | . Therefore the Emollient Baths which are in ufe do little good, but on the contrary 5. hurt, becaufe they rather draw forth than make entrance, and refolye the ftru€ture of
ie
| 2s
\
'
| the body rather than confolidate it. \ | Phe Barks and Unitsens which may ferve to theprefent Operation (namely, of Jnte- 6. \ nerating the body truly and really) ought to have three properties, - gel { — The firft and principal is, That they conlift of thofe ¢/ings which in their whole 7. fubftance are like unto the body and flefh of man, and which have a feeding and nurfing virtue from without. — iia Rid ; _ ©The fecond is, That they be mixed with fuch things as through the /zbzilty of their 3. parts may make entrance, and fo infinuate and conveigh their nowrz/hing virtue into the *\ body. ie The third is, That they receive fome mixture (though much inferiour to the reft) 9. } of fuch things as are Jffringent ; 1 mean not four or tart things, but unctuous and comforting; that while the other two do operate, the exhafing out of the body, which | deftroyeth the virtue of the-things iztenerating, may (asmuch asis poffible) be pro- \ hibited; andthe motion to the inward parts, by the 4ffrsé#ion of the skin and clofing of the paflages, may be promoted and furthered. i That which is molt con{xb/ftantsal to the body of man is warm Blond, either of man, 10. J i or of fome other living creature: but the device of Ficinws, touching the fucking of | bloga out of the arm of a wholefome young man, for the reftauration of ftrength in | old mén, is very frivolous; for that which nourifheth from within ought no way to ¢ be equal or homogeneal to the body nourifhed, but in fome fort inferiour and fubor- | dinate, that it may be converted : but in things applied outwardly, by how much the | fubfiance is kiker, by fo much the confent is better. ph } Ithath been anciently received, that a Bath made of the bloud of Infants willcure the IL | Leprefie, and heal the ficfh already putrefi’d-; infomuch that this thing hath begot envy towards fome Kizgs from the comunon people. i |
H
» Atis reported that Heraclitus, for cure of the Drop/e, was put into the warm belly of an 12, Oxnewly flain.. -., fa eS pis | They ufe the blozd of Kitlins warm to cure the difeafe called St. e4zthony’s Fire, and 13. ' to reftore the fleth and skin. eye th Naa v . An drm or other. Adember newly cut off, or that upon fome other occafion willnot 14. leave bleeding, is. with good fuccefs put into the belly of fome creatures newly ripped up, . for it worketh potently to ftanch the blond; the blozdof the member cut off by con- fent fucking in, and vehemently drawing to it felf, the warm bloud of the creature flain,
to)
whereby it felf is topped and retireth. . Ic is much ufed in extreme and defperate difeafes to cut in two young Pigeons, yet I5e _ living , and apply them to the foles of the feet, and to fhift them one after another, , whereby fometime there followeth a wonderful eafe. This is imputed vulgarly as if _{ they fhould draw down the maligmity of the difeafe ; but howloever, this application | _ goeth to the Head, and comforteth the Animal Spsrits. . But thefe bloudy Baths and Unctions feem to us fluttifh and odious: let us fearch 16. dur fome others, which perhaps have lefs loathfomenefs in them, and yet no leds bencfit. .
2 8 Oy J Next
eS eee
50 The Hiftory of . Life and Death. i
176 Next unto warm Bloud, things alike in fubstance to the Body of a man are nutritives : fat flefhes of Oxen, Swine, Dear; Sifters amouglt Fifbes; Ailk, Butter, Yolks of Eggs, Flower of Wheat, fweet wine, either Sugred, or before it be fined. . *
18. Such things as we would have mixed to make impreffion are, inftead of all, Sal¢s, efpecially Bay-fale; alfo Wine (when it is full of Spirit ) maketh entrance, and is an
excellent Convoy.
19: Aftringents of that kind which- we defcribed, namely, un@uous and comfortable | things, are Saffron, Maflickh, ~—Morrhe, and Myrtle berries. er
20. Of thefe parts, in our judgment, may very well be made fuch a Bath as we defign : Phyficiansand Pofterity will find out better things hereafter. — a Ue Shae
21. But the Operation will be much better and more powerful, if fuch a Bath as we have
propounded ( which we holdto be the principal matter ) be attended with a fourfold Courfe and Order. 22. Firft, that there go before the Bath a Frisation of the body, and an Anointing with | oil, with fome thickning fubftance, that the virtue and moiftning heat of the Bath may pierce the body, andnotthe watry part of the Liquor. Then let the Bath follow, for the {pace of fometwohours, After the Bath, let the body be Emplaiftered with Mea- flick, Myrrhe, Tragacanth, Diapalma, and Saffron ; that the per{piration of the body may (as much as ts poffible ) be inhibited, till the /upple matter be by degrees turned into fold: This to be continued for the {pace of twenty four hours or more. Laftly, the Emplaiftering being removed, let there be an anointing with Oz! mixed with Sale and’ Saffron. And let this Bath, together with the Emplaistering and Unttion, (as before) | be renewed every fifthday. ‘This AZalaci[fation or fuppling of thc body be continued for one whole month, hake
23. Alfo during the time of this Adalaciffation, we hold it ufeful and proper,and accord- ing to our intention, that men nourith their bodies well, and keep out of the cold air, and drink nothing but warm drink, Sabie
24. Now this is one of thofe things (as we warned in general in the beginning ) | ’ whereof we have made no trial by Experiment, but onely fet it down out of our stn and levelling at the end: Forhaving fet up the Mark, we deliver the Light to others.
250 Neither ought the warmrbs and cherifbings of living bodies tobe negleGted. Ficinns faith, and that ferioufly enough, That the laying of the young Maid in David's bofom was wholfome for him, but it came too late. Fie fhould alfo have added, That the young Maid, after the manner of the Perfian Virgins,oughtto have been anointed with Adyrrhe, and fuch like, not for delicioufnefs, but to increafe the virtue of this cherifhing by a living body. ,
26. zarbaroffa, in his extream old age, by the advice of a Phyfictan, a Jew, did cone | tinually apply young Boys to his ftomach and belly, for warmth and cherifhing: alfo fome old men lay Whelps (creatures of the hotteft kind) clofe to their ftomachseyery | _ night. |
27. “There hath gone a report, almoft undoubted, and that under feveral names, of cer- tain men that had great Nofes, who being weary of the derifion of people, have cut |
| off the bunches or hillocks of their Nofes, and then making a wide gath in their arms, | have held their No/es in the place for a certain time, and fo brought forth fair and come-
ly QNofes: Which if it be true, it fhews plainly the confent of fe/h unto fe/h, efpecially
in live flefhes. f : | et |
aa jie the particular Juteneration of the principal Bowels, the Stomach, Lwngs,Liver, |
Heart, Brain, Marrow of the Back-bone, Guts, Reins, Gall, Veins, Arteries, Nerves,Carts- 4
lages,Bones,the Inquifition and Direction would be too long fecing we now fet not forth }
| a Pratlick, but certain Indications to the Prattick. enor ey
| he bijfayef Life and Death.
— _—~ aT oe
| The Operation upon the Purging away of old Fuice,and Sup- | plying of new Fuice, or of Renovation by Turns. 10.
The Fiiftory.
fpoken of before; yet becaufe this Operation is one of the principal, we will
* handle them over again more at large.
P eke ts certain that Draught-Oxen which have been worn out with working, being put }) into frefh and rich paftures, will gather tender and young flefh again : and this will ap- | spear even to the tafte and palat; fo that the J#zeneration of fleth is no hard matter. } Nowit is likely that this Zateeration of the fle/pbeing often repeated, will in time reach to the Jnteneration of the Bones and Mensbranes,and like parts of the body.
Iris certain that Diets which are now much in ufe, principally of G#atacum, and of Sarfaperilla, China, and Saffafras, if they be continued for any time, and according to ftri& rules, do firft attenwate the whole juice of the body, and after confume it and | drink itup: Which is moft manifeft, becaufe that by thefe Diets the Free
| when it is grown eyen to anhardnefs, and hath eaten up and corrupted the very mar- row of the body, may be effe@tually cured. And further, becaufe it is manifeft that }men who by thefe diets are brought to be extream lean, pale, and as it were ghofts, | will foon after become fat, well-coloured, and apparently young again. Wherefore we are abfolutely of opinion, that fuch kind of diets in the decline of age, being ufed } every year, would be very ufeful to our Intention ; like the old skin or {poil of Ser- nts. : | We doconfidently afirm, (ncither let any man reckon us among thofe Hereticks which were called Cathars ) that often Purges, and made even familiar to the body, are more available tolong life than Exercifes and Sweats: and this muft needs be fo, if that | be held, which is already laid for aground, ‘That Undctions of the body, and Oppletion of the paflages from without, and Exclafion of air, and Detaining of the fpirit within the mais ofthe body, do much conduce to long life. For it is moft certain, that by Sweats and outward Perfpirations not only the Humours and excrementitious vapours -are exhaled and confumed, but together with them the juices alfo and good {pirits, which are not fo eafily repairéd: but in Purges (unlefsthey beveryimmoderate) it is | not fo, feeing they work principally upon the Humors. But the beft Purges for this Intention are thofe which are taken immediately before meat, becaufe they dry the body lefs 5 and therefore they mult be of thofe Purgerswhich do leaft trouble the belly.
\eg . Lthough thofe things which we fhall here fet down have been, for themoft part,
| Thefe Intentions of the Operations which we have propounded (as we concecve) are moft true, the Remedies fasthful tothe Intentions. Nezther w zt credible tobe told ( al f though noe a few of thefe Remedies may feem but vulgar) with what care and choice they have been examined by ws, that they might be (the Intention wor at all impeached) both | fafe and effettual Experience, zo doubt, will both verifie and promote thefe matterse | And fuch, inal things, are the works of every prudent counfel, shar they are Admi- rable 72 their Effects, Excellent alfo ix their Order , but feeming Vulgar in the Way | dud Means. ~ ;
The Porches of Death.
| JP E are nom 10 enquire touching the Porches of Death, thar ts, touching thofe things } : which happen wnto men at the point of Death, both a little before and after ; that | feeing there are many Paths which lead to Death, it may be underftood in what Common ha
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The Hiflny of LifeandDeatb,
way they all end, efpecially in thefe Deaths which are canfed by Indigence of Nat i rather than by Violence: although fonserbing of this latter alfo muft be inferted, becanfe | of the connexton of things. ans “SOM
ae . , ' .
The Hiftory.
He living Spirit ftands in need of three things that it may fubfift; Convenient | eMotion, Temperate Refrigeration,and Fit ediment. Flame feemsto ftand in need but of two of thefe, namely , Adotion and Aliment s becaufe Flame isa}
fimple fubftance, the Spirit 2 compounded, infomuch that if itapproachfomewhat too
near to a flamy nature, it overthroweth it felf.. | |
2. Alfo Flame,by a greater and ftronger Flame is extinguifhed and flain, as 4riftozle well
noted, much more the Spzret. ' . so
3 Flame, if it be muchcompreffed and {treightned, is éxtinguifhed : as we may fee in,
a Candle having a Glafs caft over it; for the Air being dilated by the heat, doth con- trude and thruft together the Flame, and fo lefleneth it, and in the end extinguifbeth it; and fires on hearths will not flame if the fuel be thruft clofe together without any {pace for the flame to break forth. pari Alfo things fired are extinguifhed with compreffion ; as if you prefs a burning coal \ hard with the Tongs or the foot, it is ftreight extinguifhed. gi | 5° But to come to the Spirit: if Bloud or Phlegm get into the Ventricles of the } Brain , it caufeth fudden death , becaufe the Spiric hath no room to moye it felf. :
6. Al‘o a great blow on the head induceth fudden death, the Spirits being ftreightned }
within the Ventricles of the Brain.
7. | Opis and other {trong Stupefattives do coagulate the Spirit, and deprive it of the | motion. 7
&- | A venemous Vapour, totally abhorred by the fpirit,caufeth fudden death: as in deadly
poifons, which work (as they callit) bya fpecifical malignity ; for they {trike a loath- |
ing into the Spirit, that the {pirit will no more move it felf, nor rife againft a thing fo |
, much detefted. Lidl a |
9 Alfo extreme Drunkennefs or extreme Feeding fometime caufe fudden death,
| feeing the f{pirit is not oncly opprefled with over-much condenfing, or the malignity |
of the vapour, ( as in Opium and malignant poifons ) but alfo with the abundance of | -
the Vapours. ; 10. Extreme Grief or Fear, efpecially if they be fudden, (as it isin a fad and unexpected meflage) caufe fudden death. wort) I. Not onely over-much Compreffion, but alfo over-much Dilatation of the fpirit, is { deadly. ve 12. Joys exceffive and fudden have bereft many of theirlives. 13 In greater Evacuations,as when they cut men for the Drepfie, the waters flow forth
abundantly ; much more in great and fudden fluxes of bloud oftentimes prefent | death followeth : and this happens by the mere flight of Vacuum within the body,
| all the parts moving to fill the empty places > and amongft the reft the {pirits, : 2 themfclves. For as*for flow fluxes of blood, this matter pertains to the indigence | "of nourifhment, not to the diffufion of the fpirits. And touching the motion | - _of the fpirit fo far, either compreffed or diffufed, that it bringeth death, thus | — -much. ‘146 We muft come next to the want of Refrigeration. Stopping of the breath eaufeth | fudden death, as in all fuffocation or ftrangling. Now itfeems this matter is not much to be referred to the impediment of Motion , as to the impediment of Refri- geration ; for air over-hot, though attracted freely, doth no lefs fuftocate than if breathing were hindred ; as it is in them who have been fometime fuftocated with {| burning coals, or with char-coal, or with walls newly plaiftered-in clofe chambers |. where a fife is made: whichkind of death is reported to have been the end of the} | | Emperor Jovinian, \ The like happeneth from dry Baths over heated, which was pra- |
- | frozen. + i) Ifthe Spirit be affaulted by another heat greater than it felf, it is diffipated and de-
f ; { diffipation.
| death. And as touching the want of Refrigeration for conferving of the Spérit thus
Se
_| bedy. Alfo sleep doth fupply fomewhnat to nourifhment ; and on the other fide
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Lhe Hiftory of Life and Death, which fhe defireth to expel the foggy air drawn into the Luzgs, and to take in new, fcarce the third part of a minute.
Again, the beating of the P#ife, and the motion of the Syffole and Diaftole of the heart, are three times quicker than that of breathing : infomuch that if it were pofli-
; ble that that motion of the heart could be ftopped without ftopping the breath, death ; would follow more {pedily thereupon than by ftrangling.
Notwithftanding, ufe and cuftom prevail much in this natural ation of breathing ; asitis in the Delian Divers and Fithers for Pearl,who by long ufe can hold their breaths at leaft ten times longer than other men can do. _
Amonett living Creatures,even of thofe that have Lungs, there are fome that are Able to hold their breaths a long time, and others that cannot hold them fo long, according as they need more or lefs refrigeration.
Fifbes need lefs cefrigeration than Terreffrial (reatures, yct fome they need, and take‘it by their Gills. And as Terreftrial Creatures cannot bear the air that is too hot or too clofe; fo Fif/hes are {uftocated in waters if they be totally and long
ftroyed ; for it cannot bear the proper eat without refrigeration, much lefs can it bear another heat which is far ftronger. This isto be feent in burnine- Fevers, where the heat of the putrefied humours doth exceed the native heat, even to extinction or
The want alfo and ufe of Sleep is referred to Refrigeration. For Motion doth atte- nuate and rarifie the {pirit, and doth fharpen and increafe the heat thereof ; contra- rily, sleep fetleth and reftraineth the motion and gadding of the fame : for though
| Sleep doth ftrengthen and advance the actions of the parts and of the livelefs {pi- | sits, and all that motion which is to the circumference of the body s yet it doth in great part quiet and {till the proper motion of the living Spirit. Now fleep regu- larly is due unto humane nature once withia four and twenty hours, and that for fix _ or five hours at the leaft : though there are, even in this kind, fometimes miraclcs of | Nature; as itis recorded of Afecenas, that he flept not for a long time before his
+ much.
As concerning the third Jndigence, namely of Aliment, it feems to pertain rather to the parts than to the wing Spirit; for a man may eafily believe that the wing “pirat fubfifteth in Identity, not by fueceffion or renovation. And as for the reafonable Soul inman, itis above all queftionthatit is not engendred of tlie Soul of the Parents, nor 1s
repaired, nor candie, They fpeak of the Nararal sperit of living Creatures, and alfo i of Vegetables, which differs from that other Soul eflentially and formally. For out of ( the confufion of thefe that fame tranfmigration of Souls, and innumerable other devices ) of Heathens and Hereticks have proceeded, | - The Body of man doth regularly require Renovation by Aliment every day, and a | body in health can farce endure fafting three days together; notwithftanding ufe and | | cuftome will do much even in this cafe : but in ficknef fafting is lefs grievous to the
Exercife doth require it more abundantly. Likewife there have fome been found who fuftained themfelves (almoft to a miracle in nature) a very long time without ‘meat or drink, ;
Dead bodies if they benot intercepted by patrefatizon, will fubfift along time with- out any notable e4b/umption ; but Living bodies not above three days, (as we faid) un- | lefs they be repaired by nourithment: which theweth that quick 4b/umption to be
the work of the Avsng Sperst, which either repairs it {elf, or puts the parts into a ne-
_ceffity of being repaired, or both. This is tettified by that alfo which was noted a little before, namely, that ving creatures may fublilt fomewhat the longer without Aliment if they fleep: now flcep is nothing elfe but a reception and retirement of the ving Spirit into it felf.
An abundant and continual efflzxion of blood, which fomctimes happeneth in the Hemorrhoides, fometimes in vomitting of blood, the inward Veins being unlocked or broken, fometimes by wounds, caufeth fudden death, in regard that the bloud of the Veins miniftrech to the Arteries 5 and the blond of the Arteries to the Spirit. :
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29.
30.
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The Hiftory of Life and Death. ks.
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The quantity of meat and drink which a man, eating two mealsa day, receiveth inso i. his body is not {mall ; much more than he yoideth again either by ftool, or by urine, | — or by fweating. You will fay, No marvel, feeing the remainder goeth into the juices , and fubftance of the body. It is true ; but confider then that this addition is made twice
_aday, and yet the body aboundethnot much, Inlikesmanner, though the {pirit be re. | paired, yet it grows not exceffively inthe quantity. =~. oy i It doth no good to have the Aliment ready, in adegree removed, butto have itof that | Kind, and fo prepared and fupplied that the {pirit may work upon it : for the ftaff of a Torch alone will not maintain the flame, unlefs it be fed with wax, neither can men | live"upon herbs alone. And from thence comes the /zconcotlion of old age, thereon there be flefh and bloud, yet the fpirit is become fo penurious and thin, and the juices and bloud fo heartlefs and obftinate , that they hold no proportion to 4hi~ | mentation. hie fF Let usnow caft up the accounts of the Needs and Indigences, according to the ordi. | nary and ufual courfe of nature. The Spirit hath need of opening and moving it-felf | in the Ventricles of the Brain and Nerves even continually, of the motion of the Heart every third part of a moment, of breathing every moment, of fleep and nourifhment | once within three days, of the power of nourifhment commonly till eighty years be paft: And ifany of thefe Zndigences beneglected, Death enfucth. So there are plainly three Porches of Death; Deftitution of the Spirit in the W4ozson, in.the Refrigeration, | in the Aliment. Gs It i an error to think that the Living Spirit is perpetually generated and extinguifbed, | as Flame is, and abideth not any notable time: for even Flame 2 felf ts not thus out of its own proper nature, but becaufe it liveth amongst enemies, for Flame within Flame endureth, Now the Living Spirit liveth among ft friends, and all due obfequiou{ne[s. So then, as Flame w a momentany fubjtance, Air is a fixed fubftance, the Living Spirit és betwixt both, : yi ae me Touching the extinguifhing of the Spirit by the deftryction of the Organs (which a canfed by Difeafes and Violence) we enquire not now, as we foretold in the beginning, alm though that alfo endeth in the famethree Porches. ..And touching the Form of Death st [elf tkus much, Tod wa . oul las There are two great forerunners of Death, the one fent fromthe Head, the other from the Heart ; Convalfion, and the extreme labour of the Pee; for,asfor the deadly Hiccough, itis a kind of Coxvulfox. ;. But the deadly labour of the Pxife hath that | unufual fwiftnefs , becaufe the Heart at the point of death doth fo tremble, thar| the Syfole and Diajftole thereof, are almoft confounded. There is alfo conjoyned:| in the P#/fe a weaknefs and lownefs, and oftentimes a great intermiffion, becaufe} the motion of the Heart faileth, and is not able to rife againft the affault ftoutly orn} conftantly. i ralkitncs ae The immediate proceeding figns of Death are , great unquietnefs and toffing inthe } _ bed, fumbling with the hands, catching and grafping hard, gnafhing with the teeth, {peaking hollow, trembling of theneather lip, palenefs of the faces the memory con--| fufed, {peechlefs, cold -{weats, the body fhoeting in length, lifting, up the white of | ‘the cye, changing of the whole vifage, (as the nofe {harp, eyes hollow, cheeks fallen). | contraction and doubling of the coldnefs in the extreme parts of the body; infome; } fhedding of bloud or fperm, fhrieking, breathing thick and fhert, falling of the nea. | ther chap, and fuchlike. “ ‘escent | -'There follow Death a privation of all fenfe and motion, as well of the Heart and j — Arteries as of the Nerves and Joynts, an inability of thebody to fupportit {elf upright, | — ftiffnefs of the Nerves and parts, extream coldnefs of the whole body 5 after alittle | while, ‘putrefaGionand ftinking. 7S oe Beles, Serpentsand the Infetta will move a long time in every part after they are-eut f afunder, infomuch that Country people think that the parts ftrive to joyn together } again. ~Alfo Birds will flutter:.a great while after their heads are pulled off 3.and.the f hearts of living creatures will pant a long time after they are plucked out. Iremem- } ber Ihave feen the'heart of one that was bowelled, as fuflering for High Treafon, that being’ caft into the: fire, leaped at the firft at leaft a foot and half in height, and after{ by degrees lower and lower, for the fpace, as I remember, of fevenor cight minutes, ie ‘There is alfo an ancient and credible Tradition ofan 0x lowing after his bowels were by plucked out. But there isa more certain tradition of aman, who being under the | 2 l xecu- |)
The tiftory of Life and Death. $5
Exceutioner’s hand for high Treafon, after his Heart was plucked out and in the Exe- * cutioner’s hand, was heard to utter three or four words of prayer : which therefore | we faidto be more credible than that of the ox in Sacrifice, becaufe the friends of the | party fuffering do ufually give a reward to the Executioner to difpatch his office with ! the more f{pced, that they may the fooner be rid of their pain ; but in Sacrifices we fee no caufe why the Prieft fhould be fo {peedy in his office. 34. | For reviving thofe again which fall into fudden swooning and Catalepfes of aftonifh- : ments, (in which Fits many, without prefent help, would utterly expire) thefe things are ufed; Putting into their mouths Water diftilled of Wine , which they call Hoz- waters, and Cordial-W aters, bending the body forwards, {topping the mouth and noftrils -} hard, bending or wringing the fingers, pullingthe hairs of the beard or head, rubbing of the parts, efpecially the face and legs, fudden cafting of cold water upon the face, fhrieking out aloud and fuddenly ; putting &o/e-warer to the noftrills with /megar in famtings ; burning of Feathers or Cloth in the fuffocation of the Azother: but efpe- cially a Frying-pan heated red hot is good in 4poplexees ; alfo a clofe embracing ef the * | body hath helped fome. There haye been many exainples ‘of men in fhew dead, cither laid out upon the 345 ‘\\cold Aoor, or carried forth to burial; nay, of fome buried in the earth, which not- withftanding have lived again, which hath been found in thofe that were buried (the earth being afterwards opened ) by the bruifing and wounding of their head, through the ftrugling of the body within the Coffin; whereof the moft recent and memo- rable example was that of Foannes Scotus, called the Subz:/, anda School. man, who being digged up again by his Servant, ( unfortunately abfent at his burial, and who | Knew his Mafters manner in fuch fits ) was found in that {tare : And the like happened in our days in the perfon of a Player, buried at Cambridge. 1 remembertohave heard ofa certain Gentleman, that would needs make trial in curiofity what men did feel that were hanged ; fo he faftened the Cord about kis neck, raifing himfelf upon a ftool, and then letting himfelf fall, thinking it fhould be in his power to recover the ftool at his pleafure, which he failed in, but was helped by a friend then prefent. He was ‘asked afterward what he felt. He faid he feleno pain,but firft he thought he faw before his eyes a great fire and burning ; then he thought he faw all black and dark ; laftly it turned to a pale blew, or Sea-water green ; which colour is alfo often feen by them which fall into Swoowings. I have heard alfo of a Phyfician, yet living, who reco- -yered a man to life which had hanged himfelf, and had hanged’half an hour, by Frz- | cations and hot Baths: And the fame Phyfician did profefs, that he made no doubt to pussy any man that had hanged fo long, fo his Neck were not broken with the firft fwing. - i. -* )
The Differences of Youth and Old eAge.
Pye I adder of Man’s Body is this, To be conceivedsto be quickned in the womb, | Jo the 16 | .@ tobeborn, to fuck, to be weaned, to feed upon Pap, to put forth Teeth the | grticle. firft time about the fecond year of age, to begin to go, to begin to {peak, to > put forth Teeth the fecond time about feven years of age, to come to Puberty about twelve or fourteen years of age, to be able for gencrationand the flowing of the 14ex- firxa, to have hairsabout the legs and arm-holes, to put fortha Beard ; and thus long, and fometimes later, to grow in ftature, to come to full years of ftrength and agility, to grow gray and bald ; the AZen(fruaccafing, and ability to gencration, to grow decrepit and a monfter with threelegs, todic. Meain-whilethe Mind alfo hath certain periods, but they cannot be defcribed by years, ‘as to decay in the «Memory, and the like; of which hereafter. “We nape a \ The differences of Youth and old e4ge are thefe: A young man’s skin is fmooth B and plain, an old man’s dry and wrinkled, efpecially about the forehead and eyes ; a young man’s flefh is tender and foft, an old man’s hard; a young man hath ftrength
and agility, an old man feels decay in his ftrength and is flow of motion ; a young man ~ hath
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: sa Tbe Hiflory of Life and Death, ; i si
hath good digeftion, an oldman bad; a young man’s bowels are foftand fucculent, an old man’s falt and parched ; a young man’s body is ercct and {treight, an old ma "s. bowing and crooked ; a young man’s limbs are fteady, an old.man’s weak and trem- bling ; the humours inayoung manare cholerick, and his bloud inclined to heat, in an old man phiegmatick and melancholick, and his bloud inclined to coldnefs ; a young iman ready for the act of Menus, an old nan flow untoit : in a young man the juices | of his body are more rofcid, in an old man more crude and waterifh ; the fpirit ina young man plentiful and boiling, in an old man fcarce and jejune - a young man’s fpi- - rit. is denfe and vigorous, an old man’s eager and rare ; a young man hath his fenfes quick and intire, an oldman dull and decayed ; a young man’s tceth are ftrong and entire, an old man’s weak, worn, and faln out; a young man’s hair is coloured, an old man's (of what colour foever it were) gray; a young man hath hair, an old man ~ | baldnefs ; a young man’s pulfe is ftronger and quicker, an old man’s more confufed and flower; the difeafes of young men aremore acute and curable, of old men longer and hard to cure; ayoungman’s wounds foon clofe, an old man’slater ; a young man’s checks are of a freth colour, an old man’s pale, or with a black bloud ; a young man- is lefs troubled with rheums, an old man more. . Neither.do we know in what things old men do improve as touching their body, fave onely fometime in fatnefs; whereof the reafon is foon given, Becaufe old men’s bodies do neither perfpire well, nor affimi- late well: now Fatnefs is nothing elfe but an exuberance of nourifhment above that which is voided by excrement. or which 1s perfectly affimilated. Alfo fome oldmen improve in the appetite of feeding by reafon of the aczd humors, though old men digeft worft. And allthefe things which we have faid, Phy/iccans negligently enough will refer to the diminution of the Natural heat and Radical moiftare, w hich are things of no worth for ufe. This is certain, Drinefs inthe coming on of years doth forego (old | ne(s ; and bodics when they come to the top and ftrength of heat do decline in Drinefs, and after that follows Coldze/s. ; oH Now we are to confider the e-#feétions of the —Mind. remember when I wasa young man, at Podéters in France 1 conyerfed familiarly with a certain Freach man, a | witty young man, but fomething talkative, who afterwards grew tobe a very eminent , man: he was wontto inveigh again{t themanners of old men, and would fay, That if their Minds could be feen as their Bodies are, they would appear no lefs deformed. Be- fides, being in love with his ownwit, he would maintain, That the vices of old men’s Minds have fome correfpondence and were parallel to the putrefactions of their Bo- { dies : For the drinefs of their skin he would bring in Jmpudence ; for the hardnefs of } their bowels, wamercifulnefi : for the lppitude of thcir eyes, an evsl Eye and Envy: for the cafting down of their eyes, and bowing their body towards the earth, eAtheifm ; (for, faith he, they look no more upto Heaven as they are wont ) for the | trembling of their members, Irrefolution of their decrees and laght ‘nconftancy ; for the bending of their fingers, as it were to catch, R apacity and Covetoufnefss for the buck- \ ling of their knees, Fearfalnefs; for their wrinkles, (raftine/s and Oblquity: and other things which I have forgotten. But to be ferious, a young man is modeftand fhame- } fac’d,’ an old man’s fore-head is hardned ; a young man is full of bounty and mercy, an | old man’s heart is brawny ; ayoung man isaffected with a laudable emulation, anold
man with a malignant envy; a young man is inclinedto Religion and Devotion, by
| reafon of his fervency and inexperience of evil, an old man cooleth in_piet
| through the coldnefs of his charity, and long converfation in evil, and/like wife
_ through the difficulty of his belief ; a young man’s defires are vehement, ‘an old man’s | Inoderate’; a young man_ is light and moveable, an old man more grave and conftant ; _a young man is given toliberality, and beneficence, and humanity, an old man to co- -veroufnels, wifdom for his own felf, and fecking his own ends ; a young mam 1s confident and full of hope, an old man diffident and given to fufpect moft things; a |
| young man is‘gcntleand obfequious, .an old man froward and difdainful; ayoung man } —
\is fincere and open-hearted, an oldman cautclous and clofe ; a young man is given
| to defire great things, an old/man to regard things neceffary ; a young man thinks
wellof the prefent times, an old man preterreth times paft betérethem ; a youtfe man {|
| reverenceth his Superiours, an oldman is more forward to taxthem : And my other |
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| ing old men, as in fome things they improve in their Bodies, fo alfo in their , unlels they be altogether out of date: namely, that as they are lefs apt for
| things, which pertain rather to Mannersthan to the prefentInguifition. Notwithftan i
Bes: pret © ; tion, |
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a | The Hiftory of Life and Death. )
Ce nT a aa Ss tion, fo they excel in judgment , and prefer fafe things and found things before fpe- |
—
cious ; alfo they improve in Garrulity and Oftentation,for they feck the fruit of fpeech, while they are lefsable for ation : Soas it was not abfurd that the Poets feigned old Tithoz to be turned into a Grafhepper.
a |
eMLoveable ( anons of the Duration of Life and
| Form of Death, Canon I. —GryOnfumption 2 not canfed, unlefsthat which is departed with by one body paffeth into
another. The Explication. : Tiere isin Natureno Aanihslating, or Reducing to Nothing: therefore that which is confumed is cither refolved into Air, or turned into fome Body adjacent. So we fee a Spider, or Fly, or Ant in Amber, entombed in a more ftately Monument than Kings arc, to be laid up for Eternity, although they be but tender things, and foon diffipated : But the matter is this, that there is no air by, into which they fhould be refolyed; and the fzbftance of the Amber 1s fo heterogeneous, that it receives nothing of them. The like weconceive would be if a Stick,or Root, or fome fuch thing were _| buried in Quick-filver : alfo Wax,and Honey, and Gums have the fame Operation, but in part oncly, : a Canon II. [Here is in every Tangible body a Spirit, covered and encompaffed with the groffer parts of the body, and from it all Confumption and Diffolution hath the begin- | ming. f The Explication. i |} O Body known unto us here in the upper part of the Earth is without a Spirit, I either by 4ttenzation and Concoltion from the heat of the Heavenly Bodies, or by fome other way: for the Concavitses of Tangible things receive not Vacuum, but either Air, or the proper Spirit of the thing, And this sperzt whereof we {peak is not fome Virtue, or Energie, or Ad, or a Erie, but plainly a Body, rare and invifible ; notwith{tanding circumfcribed by Place, Quantitative, Real, Neither again is that ‘Spirit Air, (no more than Wineis Water) but abody rarefied, of kin to Air, though ‘much different fromit. Now the grofler parts of bodies (being dull things, and not apt for motion) would laft along tine ; but the Spirit is that which troubleth, and plicketh, and undermineth them, and convertcth the moifture of thebody, and what- foever it isable to digeft,into new Spirit ; and then as well the pre-exifting Spirit of the } body as that newly made flieaway together bydegrees. This is beft feen by the Dz- minution of the weight in bodies dricd through Persfiration: for neither all that which |.
is iffued forth was Spirit whenthe body was ponderous, neither was it not Spirit when it iflued forth.
_
Canon Til. He Spirit ifluing forth Drieth ; Detained and working within either Melteth, or Pu- trefieth, or Vivifieth.
; : _ The Explication. T Fete are four Procefles of the Spirit, to drefattion, to Colliqnuation , Putre- fatlion, to Generation of bodies. varefattion is not the proper work of the Spirit, but of the groffer parts after the Spiritiffued forth: for then they contraét them- felves partly by their flight of Vacuum, partly by the waéon of the Homogeneals : as appears inall things which are arcfied by age, and in the drier fort of bodies which | have paffcd the fire, as Bricks, (/-ar coal, Bread. colliquationisthe mere work of the _ Spirit - neither is it done but when they are excited by heat: for when the Spirits dilating themfelves; yet not getting forth, do infinuate and difperfe themfelves | among the grofler parts, and fo make them foft and apt to run, as it is in AZetalls and wak: for Metalls and all tenacious things arc apt to inhibit the Spirit, that being . K. _ excited | ao a
oo
| The Hiftory of Life and Death, We q
excited it iffueth not forth. Pwtrefattion is a mixed work of the Spiriis and of the groffet parts : for the Spirit ( which before reftrained and bridled the parts of the thing) being partly iffued forth and partly infeebled, all things inthe body do diffolve and return to their Homogenesties, or (if you will) to their Elements : that which was Spirit in it is congregated to'it felf, whereby things putrefied. begin to have an ill fa- vour : the Osly parts to themfelves, whereby things putrefied have that flipperinefs and undtuofity ; the atry parts alfo to themfelves: the Dregs to themfelves: whience followeth that confufion in bodies putrefied. But Generation or Vivification is a work alfo mixed of the Spirit and groffer parts, but in a far different manner : for the Spirit is totally detained, but it {welleth and moveth locally : and the grofler parts are not diflolved, but follow the motion of the fpirit, and are, as it were, blown out by it, and extruded into divers figures, from whence cometh that Generation and OrganiZa- tion: and therefore /ivification is always done in a matter tenacious and clammy, and again, yiclding and foft, that there may be both a detention of the fpirit, and alfo a gentle ccffion of the parts, according as the {piritforms them. And this is {een it matter as well of all Vegetables as of living Creatures, whether they be engendred of Putrefaction or of Sperm; for in all thefe things there is manifeftly feen a matter hard to break through, eafie to yield. &
! Canon IV. ha! [YN 44 biving Creatures there are two kinds of Spirits : Livelefs Spirits, fuch as are in bo- dies Inanimate ; and a Vital Spirit (uperadded. : ' The Explication. airy | TT was faid before, that to procure long life the Body-of man muft be confidered, firft, as Inanimate, and not repaired by nourifhment: fecondly, as Animate, and repaired by nourifhment: for the former confideration gives Laws touching Confump- tion, the latter touching Reparation. Therefore we muft know that there are in hu- maue flefh bones, Membranes, Organs: finally » in all the parts fuch fpirits diffuled in the fubftance of them while they are alive, as there are in the fame things (Flefh, Bones, Membranes, and the reft ) feparated and dead: fuchas alfo remain ina Car- kafi: but the Vital Spirit, although it ruleth them, and hath fome confent with them, yet it is far differiag from them, being integral, and fubfifting by it felf Now there are two fpecial differences betwixt the Levele/s Sporits and the Vital Spirits. The one, that the Livele/s spirits are not continued to themfelves, but are, as it were, cut off, | and encompafied with a grof{s body which intercepts them; as -4r is mixed with Snow or Froth: but the Vital 5 pirit is all continued toit felf by certain Conduit-pipes through which it paffeth, and ts not totally intercepted. And this Spirit is two-fold alfo : the one branched, onely paffing through finall pipes, and, as it were, ftrings: | the other hath a Cell alfo, fo as it is not onely continued to it felf, but alfo, congre- gated in an hollow {pace in reafonable good quantity, according to the Analogy of | the body, and in that Cell is the fountain of the Rivulets which branch from thence. | That Cell is chiefly in the Ventricles of the Brain, which in the ignobler fort of crea- | tures are butnarrow, infomuch that the fpirits in them feem {cattered over their whole } body rather than Celled ; as may be feen in Serpents, Eels and Flies, whereof every of their parts move long after they are cut affunder. Bérds-alfo leap a good while after their heads are pulled off,becaufe they have little heads and little Cells. But the nobler fort of creatures have thofe Ventricles larger, and Man the largeft of all, ‘The other. difference betwixt the Spirits is, that the Vital Spirit hath a kind of enkindling, and is like a Wind or Breath compounded of Flame and Air, as the Juices of living creatures have both Os! and Warer. And this enkindling miniftreth peculiar motions | ' and faculties ; for the fmoke whichis inflamable, even before the flame conceived, is | hot, thin and movable, and yct it is quite another thing after it is become flame: | but the enkindling of the vital {pirits is by many degrees gentler thanthe fofteft flame, as of Spirit of Wine, or otherwife; and befides, it isin great part mixed with an Aertal [ | fubftance, that it fhould bea eMy/flery or Miracle, both of a Flammeows and eAere. f | ows nature. f ae
ee
ee —e SSS
. Canon V. : | Cf/He Natural Actions are proper to the feveralParts, but s+is the Vital Spirit that excites | baad
| and ree them, | | Ae
~ The Hiflryof Life aud Death.
a 8
pepe
| : - The Explication. Tre Abtions or Funtlions which are in the feveral A¢embers follow the nature of |
the Adembers themfelyes, ( Attrattion, R etention, Digeftion, Affimilation,Separation, | / Excretion, Peripiration, even Senfe it {elf ) ascording to the propriety of the feyeral |
( ba He Organs, (the Stomach, Liver, Heart, Spleen, Gall, Brain, Eye, Ear, and the reft :)
yet none of thefe AGions would ever have been actuated but by thevigour and pre-
fence of the Vital spirit and heat thereof : as one /ron would not have drawn another | won, unlefsit had been excitedby the Load fone, nor an Egge would ever have brought forth a Bird, uniefs the fubftance of the kien had been actuated by the treading of the |
Cock. ack, Canon VI.
He livelefs Spirits are next Confubftantial to Air ; the vital Spirits approack more to the fabftance of Flame. ia The Explication, _ } TR: Explication of the precedent fourth (anen is alfo a declaration of this prefent * Canon : but yet further, from hence it is that all fat and oily things continue | long in their Being; For neither doth the 4ér much pluck them , neither do they much defire to joyn themfelves with 4ér. As for that conceit it is altogether vain, | That Flame fhould be Air fet on fire, feeing Flame and 4ir are no lels heterogeneal | ‘than oi and water. But whereas it is faid in the Cavon, that the wtal firsts approach | | more to the fubftance of Flame; it mult be underftood, that they do this more than | the bvele/s Spsrsts, not that they are more Flamsy than 4¢ry. - Canon VIE. Y a Spirit bath two Defires; one of multiplying z# elf, the other of flying forth and | " gongregating it felf with the Connaturals. j The Explication. on Tie Canon is underftood of the /vele/s Spersts; for as for the fecand Defire, the vital sperie doth moft of all-abhor flying forth of the body, for it finds no Con- natural here below to joyn withal: Perhaps it may fometimes flie to the outward parts of the body, to meet that which itloveth; but the flying forth, as Ifaid, it ab- horreth. But in the Lvelefs {percts cach of thefe two Defres holdeth. For to the for- mer this belongeth, Every (pirit feated among? the groffer parts dwelleth wnbappily; and ‘therefore when it finds not a “ke unto tt felf, it doth fo much the more labour to cre- ate and make a like, as being in a great folitude, and endeavour earncftly to multiply it felf, arid to prey upon the volascle of the ue parts, that it may be encreafed in quan- tity. As for the fecond Defire of flying torth,and betaking it felf to the e4ir, it is cer- tain that alilight things ( which are ever moyable) do willingly go unto their kes near uato them, as a Drip of water js carried to a ‘Drop, Flame to Flame: but much more this is done inthe Aying forth of /psri into the e4ér ambient, becaufe it is not carried to a particle like unto it felf,but alfo as unto the Globe of the Cawnaturals, Mean-while this isto be noted, That the going forth and fight of the fpirit into air is a redoubled action, partly out of the apie of the /psrst, party out of the apperste of the air; for the commen air is ancedy thing,andreceiveth all things {peedily,as Spirits, Odowrs,Beams, Sounds, and the like. ety Ss Canon VIII. : GPitit detained, sf i have no poffibslity of begetting new Spirits, itenerateth the grofer arts. 4 The Explicatzez. Eneration of new Spirit is not accomplifhed but upon thofe things which are in fome degree near to fpirit, fuchas are humid bodies. And therefore if the groffer { parts (amongit which theSpiritconverfeth ) be ina remote degree, although the {pirit cannot convert them, yet (as muchasitcan) it weakneth, and foftneth, and fubdueth them, that fecing it cannot increafe in quantity, yet it willdwell more at large, and live amongit good neighbours and friends: Now this -Aphori/m is moft ufetul to our socal agma ittendeth to the Inteneration of the obftinate parts by the detentiomof the irit. i ; Canon 1X, | J He lntencration of the harder parts cometh to good effeét, when the Spirit wessber fiy- (> -eth forth, wer begerteth new Spirit. fy ssi K 2 The
——_ ea eel me eT ee
99]
i me et } ag LO OTT AC LEI EO LET CELI AP LESS
4 |
~
The Explication, eit |
THis (anon folveth the knot and difficulty in the Operation of Intenerating by the Detention of the Spirit: for if the spirit not fying forth waftcth all within,there | is nothing gotten to the Inteneration of the parts in their fubfiftence, butratherthey are | © diffolved and corrupted. Therefore together with the Detention the Spirits ought to | - be cooled and reftrained, that they may not be too a¢tive.
Canon X, Ca) ba ‘He heat of the Spirit to keep the body frefh and green, ought to be Robult, net Eager. eer The Explication,
: Lfo this Canon pertaineth to the folving of the knot aforefaid, but it is of a much larger extent, for it fetteth down of what temperament the heat in the body ought to be for the obtaining of Long life. Now this is ufeful, whether the Spirits be detained, or whether they be not. For howfoever the heat of the Sperets muft be fuch, as it may rather turn it felf upon the hard parts than wafte the foft; for the one Deficcateth, the other Intenerateth. Befides, the fame thing is ayailable to the well perfecting of Affimilation; for fuch an heat doth excellently excite the fa- culty of Affimilation, and withall doth excellently prepare the matter to be Affimi- lated. Now the properties of this kind of feat ought to be thefe. Firft, that it be flow, and heat not fuddenly: Secondly, that it be not very zutenfe, but mederate : Thirdly, that it be equal, not zacompefed, namely, intending and remitting it felf: Fourthly, that if this heat mect any thing to refift it, it be not eafily fuffocated or lan- } guith. ‘This operation is exceeding fubtil,but feeing it is one of themoft ufeful, it is not tobedeferted. Now in thofe Remedies which we propounded to inveft the fpirits with a Robust heat, or that which we call operative, not ‘Predatory, we have in fome fort fatif- fied this matter. Canon XI. The Condenfing of the Spirits ia their Subftance % available to Long life. The Explication, ! af? His Canon is fubordinate to the next precedent ; for the Spirit condenfed receiveth’ all thofe four properties of heat whereof we {peak ; but the ways of Condenfing them are fet down in the firft of the Ten operatious. . by Canon XII. | He Spirit 2 great quantity haftaeth more to flying forth, and preyeth upon the bady more, than sn {mall quantity, ig ba Bs The Explication. THis Canon is clear of it felf, fecing mere Quantity doth regularly imcreafe virtue. ~ Anditis to be feen in flames, that the bigger they are, the {tronger they break forth, — and the more f{peedily they confume. And therefore over-great plenty or exuberance | of the fpirits is altogether hurtful to Long life ;_neither need one wifh a greater ftore | of {pirits than what is fufficient for the fun@ion of life, and the effice of a good Res |
paration. Canon XIII. ee a) de Spirit equally aifperfed maketh lei hafte to fie forth, and preyeth lefs upon the body, | than unequally placed. rN, Ft
The Explication.
No& onely abundance of {pirits in refpeét of the whole is hurtful to the Duration of things, but alfo the fame abundance unevenly placed is in like manner hurtful 5 and therefore the more the {pirit is fhred and inferted by {mall portions,thelefs it prey- § eth; for Diffolution ever beginneth at that part where the {pirit is loofer. And theres #
fore both Exercife and Frications conduce much to long life, for Agitation doth fine- lieft diffufe and commix things by fmall portions, |, SNe tae Sa ‘Canon XIV.- Se
He inordinate and fubfultory motion of the {piritsdoth more haften to going forth, and | doth prey upon the body more, than the conftant and equal. oN The Explication. ee JN Inanimates this Canon holds for certain ; for Inequality is the Mother of Diffo~ | — lution : butin zsimates (becaufe not onely the Confumption is conte a 1e fj Reparas | —
| he Hiftory of Life and Death.
Reparation, and Reparation proceedeth by the Appetites of things, and Appetite is | fharpned by variety ) it holdeth notrigoroufly ; but itisfotar forth to be reccived,that this variety be rather analternation or enterchange than a confufion, and as it were con- | {tant in inconftancy.:
Canon XV.
The Spirit 2 a Body of a folid compofure ¢s detained, though nawellingly,
The Explication. |
A’ things do abhor a Solution of their Continuity, but yet in proportion to their Denfity or Rarity : for the more rare the bodies be, the more do they fuffer themfelyes to be thruft into fmall and narrow paflages 5 for water will go into a paflage which df? will not go into, and ar which water will not go into, nay, flame and Spirit which ar will not go into. Notwith{tanding of this thing there are fome bounds: for the sfzrz is not fo much tranfported with the defire of going forth, that it will fuffer it {elf to be too much difcontinued, or be driven into over-ftreight pores and paflages 5 and therefore if the {pirit be encompaffed with an hard body, or elfe | with an anftuows and tenacious, ( whichis not eafily divided.) it is plainly bound, and, / as I may fay, imprifoncd, andlayeth downthe appetite of going out: wherefore we fee that eMetalls and Stones require alongtime for their {pirit to go forth, unlefs either the f{pirit be excited by the fire; or the grofler partsbe diflevered with corroding and ftrongwaters. Thelike reafon is there of cemaccous bodies, {uch asare Gums, fave onely that they are melted by a more gentle heat: and therefore the juices of the body hard, a.clofe and compact skea, andthe like, (which are procured by the drine/s of the aliment; and by Exercife, and by the coldnefi of the air ) are good for long life, becaufe they
detain the fpirit in clofe prifon that it goeth not forth. |
Canon XVI. In Oily aid Fat chings the Spirit 2s detained willingly, though they be not tenacious, a a ALT Explication. THe fpirit, if it be not irritated by the antipathy of the body enclofingit, nor fed by. the oyer-much /kenefs of that body, nor follicited nor invited by the external body, it makes no great ftir to get out: all which are-wanting to oily bodies; for they are . | neither fo preffing upon the {pirits as hard bodies, nor fo near as watry bodies, neither | haye they any good agrecment with the air ambsent. ' Canon XVII. YT fpeedy fying forthof the Watry humor conferves the Oily the longer in hus being. j : a. The Explication.
WE faid before that the Watry humors, as being confubftantial to the 47, flic forth fooneft ; the ozly later, as having {mall agreement with the -4ir, Now whereas thefe two humors are inmoft bodies, it comes to pafs that the »vatry doth in a fort betray the oxy, for thatiffuing forthinfenfibly carrieth this together with it. ,There- fore there is nothing more furthereth the confervation of bodies than a gentle drying of them, which caufeth the ~atry bumonr to expire, and inviteth not the Ozly; for then ‘the oily enjoyeth the proper nature. And this tendeth not onely to the inhibiting of Putrefattion, ( though that alfo followeth) but to the confervation of Greenne/s. | Hence it is, that gentle Frications and moderate Exercifes, caufing rather Perfpiration than
Sweating,conduce much to long life,
ae _ Canon XVIIL Air excluded conferreth to Long life, if other inconveniences be avoided. The Explication.
E faid a little before-, that the flyeng forth of the Sfirst is a redoubled action, -™™ from the appetite of the fpirit and of the air, and therefore if either of thefe be taken out of the way, there is not a little gained. Notwithftanding divers Zaconve- niences follow hereupon, which how they may be prevented we have fhewed in the | fecond of our Operations.
Canon XIX. YY Ouhial Spirits inferted into an old Body might foow turz Nature's courfe back 7 Ae his ,
. - > a eer
«
ete ae a an es ene
a. ae Hiflory of Life and Death
The Explication, , : "1 He nature of the Sspzrtts isasthe uppermoft wheel, which turneth about the other wheels in the body of man, and therefore in the Jutentiow of Long life, that ought } to be firft placed. Hereunto may be added, that there is an eafier and more expedite way to alter the fpzrzts, than to other Operations. Forthe Operation upon the SPirsts is | two-fold: the one by 4/émsents,which is flow, and, asitwere, about; the other, (and thattwo fold) which is f{udden, and goeth directly to the {pirits, namely, by Vaponrs, ot by the 4ffections. ; Canen XX. Juices of the Body hard and rofcid are good fer Long life. : ’ The Explication. He reafon i: plain, feeing we fhewed before, that bardthings, and ofl) or rofeid are hardly diffipated : notwithftanding there js difference, (as we alfo noted in the tenth operation ) That juice fomewhat hardisindeed lefs diffipable, but thenit is withal | lefs reparable + therefore a Conventence is interlaeed with an /nconventence, and for this caufe no wonderful matter will be atchieved by this. ~ But rofcid juscé will admit both aperations ; therefore this would be principally endeayoured.
Canon XXI. . WF ag V Aatfoever t of thin parts to penetrate, and yet hath no Acrimony to bite; begatteth Rofcid Juices. . if!
The Exphcation,
His Cano# is more hard to praétife than to underftand. For it i manifeft, what- foever penetrateth well, but yet with a fing or tooth, (asdo all fharp and four things ) it leaveth behind it wherefoever it goeth fome mark or print of drinefs and cleaving, fo that it hardneth the j#tces, andchappeth the parts: contrarily, whatfoever things penetrate through their shsmne/s merely, as it were by ftealth, and by way of in- finuation, without violeace, they bedew and water in their paflage. Of which fort we | have recounted many in the fourth and feventh Operasions, Canon XXII. Affimilation bef done wher ak Local Motion #% expended. The Explication. a His Canon we haye fufficiently explained in our Difcourfe upon the eighth Ope= ration. id : Canon XXIII. Limentation from without, a9 leaft forme other way shan by the Stomach, 4s mos? pro- f fitable for Long life, if s¢ can be done. | ee ats? The Explication. . . E fee that all things which are done by 2Y s#rssion, ask a long time, but thofe which } are done by embracing of the lske (as it is in Jnfmfions) require no long time. And -f therefore Alimsentation from without would be of principal ufe,and fo much the more, becaufe the Faculties of Concottion decay inoldage: fo that if therecould be fome auxi- | liary 2 utritéons, by Bathings, Unttions, or elfe by Chfters, thefe things in comjunGtion | | might do much, which fingle are lefs ayailable. ‘ | Canon XxIV. | JY Here the ConcoGion #4 weak to thrukt forth the Aliraent, there the Outward parts | | /howld be strengthned to call forth tbe Aliment. af | The Explicatipn. | |
a i Neg fr . ‘ $ : : tes RIALS TERA RESET ce SS a —=
Hat which is propounded in this Canon is not the fame thing with the former; for 7
it is one thing for the omtward Aliment to be attratted inward, another for the s7-} ward «Aliment to be attracted ontward ; yet herein they concur, thatthey bothhelp } —
the weaknefs of the saward Concoétions though by diyers ways.
7% Canon XXV. : %
| ALE Sudden Renovation of the Body ts wrought either by the Spitit, or by Malaciffa- )
[ tions. 618 is Pa te | The Explication. 9 af
'T Here are two things in the body, Spirits and Parts: to both thefe the way by Nu-}
trition is long and about ; but it is a {hort way to the Spsrsts by Vapeurs and by | | i the Affedtions, and to the ‘Parts by eMalaciffations. But this ts diligently to be note:
‘ that by nomeans we confound Alimentation frome without with Malaciffation; for th
| , intention of aalacéfation is net te nourifh the parts, but onely to make them more fit} +. i to be nourifhed, ee my
7 eae - | «Lhe Hiftory of Life and Death. r |
Canon XXVI, M Alsciffation is wrought by Confubftantials , by Imprinters; and by Clofers
up. | i The Explication. ; | "P'He reafon is manifeft , for that Confub/tantials do properly fupple the body, Jm- . printers do carry in, Clofers up do retain and bridle the Perspiration, whichis a motion oppofite to AalacifJation. And therefore (as we defcribed in the ninth @pe- ration) Adalaci{fation cannot well be done at once, but inacourfeor order, Firft, by excluding the Liquor by Thickners: for an outward and profs Infufion doth not well compact the body: that which entreth mult be fubtil, and a kind of vapour. Second- ly, by Intenerating by the confent of Confubstantials: for bodies upon the touch of thofe things which have good agreement with them, open themfelyes, ‘and relax their pores. Thirdly, Imprinters are Convoys, and infinuate into the parts the Confubftan- tials, and the mixture of gentle affringents deth fomewhat reftrain the PersPiration. But then, in the fourth place, follows that great ffrittion and Clofure up of the body by Emplaiftration, and then afterward by Jnunttion, until the supple be turned into Solsd, | | as we faid in the proper place. } Canon XXVII. fF or Renoration of she Parts Repairable watereth and reneweth the lefs Reparable alfo, : The Explication. WE Jaid in the Preface to this Hiftory, that the ay of Death was this , That the | Parts Reparable died in the fellowfhip of the Parts le/s Reparable : {o that in the | | Reparation of thefe fame les Reparable Parts all our forces would be employed. And | therefore being admonifhed by e4riffotle’s obfervation touching Plants, namely, That the putting forth of new shoots and branches refrefbeth the body of the Tree inthe paffage ; i we conceive the like reafon might be, if the feb and blovd in the body of man were | often renewed , that thereby the bones themfelves, and membranes, and other parts | which in their own nature are /efs Reparable, partly by the chearful paflage of the j#ices, partly by that new cloathing of the young fle/> and blowd, might be watered and | | renewed. Canon XXVIII. thay R Ettigeration or Cooling of the body, which pajfeth Some other ways tha by the Sto-
mach, is n/éful for Long life. . : The Explication. bt | TY He reafonisat hand: for feeing a Kefregeration not temperate, but powerful, (efpe- | ~~ cially of the blond) isabove all thiags neceflary to Long life: this ean by no meats | | be effeGted from within as much as is requifite, without the deftruction of the Sto- | mach and Bowels. - Sinaia} ha | Canon XXixX. ityet | T: Hat Intermixing or Intangling, that as well Confumption 4s Reparation are the works’ of Heat, u the greateft obfracle to Long life. . 3 fs The Explication. fe Albmott all great works are deftroyed by the {atures of things Zntermixed, whenas | that which helpeth in one refpeét hurtcth in another: therefore men muft proceed] | herein by a found judgement, and a difcreet practice. For our part, we’ have done ‘fo as far as the matter will bear, and our memory ferveth us, by feparating benign heats} from hurtful, and the Remedies which tendto both. {std 91 4 Canon XXX. Curing of Difeafes w effetled by Temporary Medicines ; bt Lengthning of Life re- quireth Obfervation of Diets. | Z The Explication. Hofe things which come by accident, as foon as the caufes are removed ceafe |. again; but the continued courfe of nature, like a ania River, requires a con- |. tinual rowing and failing again{t the ftteam : therefore we muft work tfatacly by Di- |. ets. Now Diets are oftwo kinds : Set Diets,whichare to be obferved at certain times; and Familiar Diet; which is to be admitted into our daily repaft, But the Set Diets are | the more potent, that is, acourfe of AZedscines for atime: for thofe things which are of fo great virtue that they are able to turn Nature back again, are, for the moft part, | more {trong, and more {peedily altering, than thofe which may without danger be re-
ceived into a continual ufe. Now in the Remedies fet down in our /ntextions you | — tr her fhall
oe
ry ‘ a eee 5 : ine en ee “ 2 owed ie. aa -
The Hiftory.of Life.and Death, =
ee | thall findonely three see Diets, the Opiate Diet, the Dect Malaciffant or Suppling, and } the Diet Ensactant and Renewing. Butamongft thofe which we referibed for Familbear Diet, and to beufed daily, the moft efficacious are thefe that fo low, which alfo come , not far fhort of the vertue of See Diets : Nitre and the fubordinates to Qitre; the’ Re- giment of the affections and Courfe of our Life ; Refrigerators which pals not byt “ | Stomach ; Drinks Rofcidating,or ingendring Oily fuices ; befprinkling of the bloud with fome firmer Matter, as Pearls, certain Woods, competent Unétions to keep outthe Air, | and to keep in the Spirit; Heaters from without, during the Affimilation after fleep ; avoiding of thofethings whichinflame the Spirit, and put it into an eager hear, as Wine | :
17 ™
and spices ; laftly, a moderate and feafonable ufe of thofe things which endue the Spi- rits with a robust Heat, as Saffron, Croffes, Garlick, Elecampane,and compound Opiates. 0. F
“ ‘ E
a ha * Canon XXXI. ram He Living Spirit instantly extingusfhed if it be deprived exther of Motion,dr of Re- ~ frigeration,or of Aliment. ) a Be | The Explication. . ll NAmely, thefe are thofe three which before we called the Porrhes of Death, and | they are the proper and immediate paffions of the Spirit. For all the Oxgans of | the principal parts ferve hereunto, that thefe three Offices be performed ; and again, | “ all deftru€tion of the Organs which is deadly brings the matterto this point, that onc or | more of thefe three fail. ‘Therefore all other things are the divers ways to Death, but they end in thefe three, Now the whole Fabrick of the Parts isthe Organ of the Spirit, as the sperit is the Organ of the Keafonable Soal, which is Incorporeous and Divine.
Canon XXXIL ' hi Plame vs a Momentany Subftance, Air 4 Fixed ; the Living Spirit iz Creatures ws of a middle Nature. :
His matter ftands in need both of an higher Indagation and of a longer Explica-_
.. tion than) is pertinent to the prefent Inquifition, Mean-while we mult know |: this, that Flame is almoft every moment generated and extinguifhed ; fo that it is con- tinued only by'fucceffion : but 4ir is a fixed body, and is not diffolved ; for though Air begets new Air out of watery moifturé, yet notwith{tanding the old Air {till remains 5 whence cometh that Super-oneration of the Air whercof we have {poken in the Title De Vents. But Spirit is participant of both Natures, both of Flame and 4ér, even as’ the nourifhments thereof are, as well Oc/, which is homogeneous to Flame, as’ Water, which is homogeneous to. er ; for the Spirit is not nourifhed either of oély. alone, or of watry alone, but of both together ; and though ir doth not agree well with Flame, nor Oil with water , yet in a mx'd body they agree well enough. Alfo. the Sprit hath from the -4ir his eafie and delicate impreflions and yieldings, and from the Flame his noble and potent motions and aétivities. In like manner the Dyration | of Spirit is a mixed thing, being neither fo msomentany as that of Flame, nor fo fixed as | | that of 4 : And fomuch the rather it followeth not the condition of Flame, for |: that, Flame it felf is extinguifhed by accident, namely, by Contraries and Enemies envi. | roning it ; but Spirit is not fubject to the like conditions and neceffities. Now the | — Spirit is repaired from the lively and florid bloud of the {mall Arteries which are in- | ferted into the Brain; but this Reparation is done by a peculiar manner, of which we fpeak not now. ae ie
The Explication.
Salud {137% ! sings t " 5 4 art A
|ARTICLES E N OUT K Y..
TOUCHING
pea? ALS & MINERALS.
Wiiedn by the Right biusebl,
FRANCIS BACON. BARON of VERULAM, Vifcount St. Alban. |
nee fit to be sae to this Work ; NATURAL "HISTO RY.
Nevvly put forth in the Year, 1661. , By the former Publisher.
7 LONDON, 7 Printed fox VV illiam Lee at the Turks head - in Fleetflreet. 1669.
ha ilteelnine malin, sna ete oApestehenebis
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vo PA
TOUCHING
METALS & MINERALS.
Jo.) Dyed He firft Letter of the Alphabet is, the Compounding, % Incorporating, or Union, of Metals orMinerals, ~ + With what Metals, Gold willincorporate, by Sim- | WES) ple Colliquefacions, and with what not? Andin what | Me quantity it will incorporate?. and what kindeof Body | =5-43 the Compound makes? Oa ENG Gold with Silver, which was the ancient Elecrum. Gold with Quick-filver. Gold with Lead. Gold with Copper. Gold with Brafs. _ Gold with Iron. 7 Gold with Tin. 0 likewife of Silver. Silver with Quick-filver, ‘SilyerwithLead. Silver with Copper. - Silver with Brats. >) Siver with Iron, .. » Silver with Tin.
A 2
a i ee
Articles e Engin,
Solikewife of Quickfliver, Ut? Oe Quick-filver with Lead. - we oh ny . Quick-filver withCopper, 4 a4 oh sh 8 Quick-filverwith’Bra fs 4: Lal, pepe & na. Qurickefily eripith Iron. 22533 Je. Vega 3. ah y ie Bei ah a bee sea: pay esti Sean ee WY; alte ae he with onsen): 2 nie So) eee Lead with Brafs. see Lead with Jron. Lead with Tin. ; S'o of Copper. ry FG. - Copper withBrafs, oy ae a a. CopperwithIron. | re RY a . 4 VLA Copper with Ting, 4 led i . i Sof Brag. a ti" 1 Brafswith Iron. , , ae | a | Brafs with Tin. ) i Med: watt So of Iron. ¢ nie ee rope Iron with Tin. ' 4 Me |
~ ad — ‘ 4
What are the Compound Metals , eich are common, ae kaowa - | Andwhatare the Proportions of their mixtures ? > As ee | A Lattin of Brafs, and the Calaminar-{tone. | Bell-metaliof,&c. ° ~ oe ee The counterfeit Plate, which they call Aifcluleuip . ALN The Decompofites of three Metals, or more, are too long to enquire, except there be fome Compofitions of them already obferved. i | It is alfo to be obferved, Whether any two Metals which will not | oe mle of thenafelves, will mingle with the Delp. of another 5 and | | what ? What Compounds will be wrladet of Metal. pwvith Stone, aad oth ‘Fofli les’? As Lattin is made with Brafs, and the Calaminar-ftone. As | | all the.Meteals with ineesiales All with Iron dang All we ie -— &e. Miia Ctl
ee
Some few of thefe would be diguated a f0 ate the Nature
of the’ eS rite at a iw blood. 17 | Hether Metals, or - abies Foffi les ‘will incorporate with Molten t. t Glafs > And what Body i it makes.?: |
z ,
The quantity in the mixture would 1 we well pee idered : For fome | J Small quantity, perhaps, would i incorporate ; 5 as in the Allays of Gold, x _and Silver Coyn. (OHS) cay 29Vlie. ~
Upon the Compound Body, three things’ are chiefly to be citceviahy
i The Guline the Fragility or Pliaritnefs, ‘the soba or Faxation, com- | i _ pared with the Simple Bodies. _ oebaa el alsive 32 v bie For prefent ufe or.profit, this is che Ride! Conti derthe price of the two eB Bodies ; 3 confider Boat = ia a the one rae
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Touching Morale and M inerals.
| other, in ufe. Thenfee, if you can make a compound that will fave more in the price, then it will lofe in the dignity of the ufe. As forexample,
Confider the price of Brafs Ordnance; confider again the price of Iron | Ordnance; and confider, wherein the Brats Ordnancedothexcel.the Iron |
Ordnance in ufe:, Then if you canmake a Compound of Brafs.and Iron Ordnance, that will be near as,good.in ufe, and much cheaper in price, thereis profit both to the private and tothe Commonwealth. | od _» So of Goldand Silver, the price is double of Twelve. The dignity of Gold above Silver is nat much ; the fplendor isalike, andmarcplca- fingto fome eye , As in Cloth of Silver, Silver Lace, filvered Rapiers,
&e. Themaindignity is, thatGold bears the Fire, which Silverdoth not; |
but that is an ‘excellency in Nature; but it isnothing atall in ufe. For any | dignityin ufe, I know none, but that Silyering will fully and canker more _| then Gilding ; which, if it may be correded, witha little mixtureof Gold,
there is profit: And Ido fomewhatmarvel, that the later ages haye loft |
the ancient Fledrum, which was a mixture of Silver withGold ; whereof, | I conceive, there may be much ufe both inCoyn, Plate, and Gilding. It is to be noted; that there is inthe Verfion of Metals, impofhibility,
or at leaftoreat difficulty ; asin making of Gold, Silver, Copper : On the | other fide, in the adulterating or counterfeiting of Metals there is de- | ceit and villainy; but it fhould {cem there is a middle way, and thar is, |
bynew compounds, if the waysof incorporating were well known. ;
What Incorporation or Imbibitior, Metals will receive from Veget- fables, without being diflolved mightbeinquired. As whenthe Armorers } make their Stecl more tough and plyant, by the afperfion of Water; or | Juyce of Herbs‘: WhenGold being grown fomewhat churlifh by recover- | ing, is made more plyant by.throwing in flireds of ‘Tanned Leather, or |
by Leather oyled.
‘it is to be doubted, that there is no Imbibition of Subftance; but onely, that the Application of the other Body, doth difpofe and invite the Metal toanother pofture of parts then of itfelf, itwouldhavetaken.
_ After the Incorporation of Metals, by fimple Colliquefaion, for the + better difcovery of the Nature: . And Confents.and Diffents of Metals by incorporating of their Diffolutions, it would be enquired. . hip
_ . What Metals being diflolved by Strong-waters, willincorporate well together, and what not? whichis tobe inquired particularly, as it was in Colliguefa@ions. ....... 3 Phe ae dee a There is to be obferved inthofe Diffolutions, which will not incor- "| porate what. the effe@s are: As the Ebullition, the Precipitation to the
- ms ei the Ejaculation towards the top,, the Sufpenfion in the midit, and
_..Note, that the Diffents of the Menftrua, or Strong-waters, may
hinder the Incorporation, as well.as the Diflents of the Metals themfelves:.
‘Therefore where the Menftrua are the fame, and yet,the Incqrpération followeth not, you may conclude, the Diffent is in the Metals, but where the Menftrua are feveral, not fo certain.
1 aoe The
Note, that in thefe, andthe like thews of Imbibition, it were good to f try by the weight, whetherthe weight beincreafed, or no ?. For if it be not, ;
aie! ii 3i coeds Pe) td a 29 i 3.128 to. sing art -vabil He Second Letter of the Crofs Row, is the Separation of ! and Minerals.. Separationisof threeforts; thefirftis, The fe of the pure Metal from the Ure or Drofs, which we call Refining: fecond is, The drawing one Metal or Mineral out of anothet, which we| may call Extracting. ‘The third, The feparating of any Metal nto his ! ‘,
Original or Elements, or callthem what you will) which wor Precipitation. © , , 1 SB | Rot Refining, we aretoenquircof it according to the feveral Metals; | As Gold, Silver, &c, Incidently, we are to enquire of the firft Stone; ‘or | Ure, or Spar, or Marcafite of Metals feverally ; and what Kinde ‘of | Bodies they are ; and of thedegrees of Richnefs, 9 | 3 0 Alfo, we areto enquire of the Means of feparating, whether by Fire, i parting Waters, or otherwife, | 7 nial ae aM ald Alfo, for the manner of Refining, you are to fee how you ‘can miuilti: | ply the Heat, or haften the Opening ; and to fave charge, in the Refining. ’ ' 0 boTOSi Ne FOE r ale means of this is in three manners ; that is to fay; In the Bit | _of theFire : Inthe mannerof the Furnace to multiply Heat, by Union and Reflexion: And by fome Additament or Medicines, which will help the Bodies to.open them the fooner: - nt Tee Note, the quickning of the Blaft, and the multiplying of the Heat in the Furnace, maybethe fame forall Metals ; but the Additaments muf 0 | feveral according tothe natures of the Metals. — * OTS Oa ‘Note again, Thatif you think the multiplying of the Additament in | the fame Proportion that you multiply the Ure, the work will follow, | you may be deceived : For quantity inthe Paffive willadd more refiftance, | — then the fame quantity inthe A Give willadd force. irgio Sea) ’ For Extra@ing, youare to enquire what Metals contain others, and @ likewife what not >? As Lead Silver, CopperSilver,&c. : Note, although the charge of Extra@ion fhould exceed the worth, } oe that is not the matter; For, atleaft, it willdifcoyer Nature and Pofii. a
ilicy, the other may be thought on afterwards. © : bein Te : We are likewile to enquire, whatthe differences are of thofe Metals, | —
| which contain more or lefs, other Metals ; and how that agrees withthe | | poornefs or richnefs of the Metals, or Ure, in'themfelves: Ashe Te that contains moft Silver, is accounted to be more brittle; and yet other- }
| wife poorer initfelf — ~ ° NE DOC? oe ' For Principiation, T cannot affirm, whether there be any fuch thing, | or no. And, J think; the Chymifts:make too much ado about it. But how. | foever it be, whether Solution or Extradion, or a kinde of Come i | by the Fire, it is diligently to be enquired , ‘What Salts, Sulphur, Vieri
y
| Mercury, or thelike Simple Bodies are tobe found inthe feveral Metals \)
rr
/ and in what quantity. .
Touching. Metals. and: Minerals.
: He third Letter of the Crofs-Row, is the variation of Metals into feveral Shapes, Bodies, or Natyres ; the particulars whereof fol- ow. |
Tindure. Turning to Rutt. ~ Calcination. *y
Sublimation. TN aa
__ + Precipitation. | eee Amalgamatizing, or turning into afoft Body. Vitrification. | he Opening or Diflolving into Liquor. “ Sprouting, or Branching, or pe A tad Induration and Mollification, Making tough or brittle, Volatility and Fixation. Tranfmutation or Verfion.
— For Tindture, it isto be enquired how Metals may be tin@ed, through | _jandthrough;° and with what, and into what colours: As Tin&ing-Silver } jyellow. ‘Tin&ing-Copper white, and Tin@ingred, green, blew, efpecial- | ly with keeping the luftre. 1 Hel te .
tem, 'Tin@ureof Glafs. - item, TVin@ure of Marble, Flint, or other Stone.
© For turning to Raft, rwo things are chiefly to sbe €nquired: By what Corrofives it isdone, and into what célours it turns: As Lead into white, | which they call Servs ; Iron into yellow, which they call Crocus Marte: > paar’ into Vermilion, Brafs into green, which they call Verdegraf,
biA For, Calcination,. to enquire how every Metal. is calcined > And| into, what kinde of Body ?. And what is the exquifitelt way of Calcina- tion ?
_.. For Sublimation, to enquire the manner of Subliming ; and what; Metals endure Sublimings and what Body the Sublimate makes ?
For Precipitation likewife, By what ftrong Waters every Metal will precipitate ? or with what Additaments? andin whattime ? and into what
’
\ i
So for Amalgama, what Metals will‘endure it > What arethe meant
todo it? And what is the mannerof théBody? ©
: For Vitrification likewife, what Metals will endure it ? what are the means to doit? into what colour it turns ? and sa eases ch vee ae wit alitbads 1 \ ‘eta }
} over) the: Helms: by; a: Kinde ,of .Exufflation, without .Vaporing ||
-\nwbrticlesvof. ugility o> 2 be ’ Fy
Metal is turned into Glafs? and when the Metal doth but hang in the Gl |fie part? alfo what weight the vitrified Body bears, cempared with crude Body 2 Alfo becaufe Vitrificaticn is accounted, a ki eC d Metals, whac Vitrification will admit, of turning back ag
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violentpenetration ? , F ghee teache sult For Sprouting or Branching, though it be a thing but tranfitory, and |
a kindeof toyor pleafure ; yetthere is amore feriousufe of it: For thatit difcoversthe delicate motions of {pirits, when they put forth, and cannot} get forth, like unto hat which is in vegetables. _
Ss to”
3 7 0 idly onlabas | | For Induration or Mollification, it is to beenquired, what will make} Metals harder and harder, and what will make them fofter and fofter ? “And ) this Enquiry tendeth to two ends ; “ “oie
Firft, for Ufe.: As tomake Jron foft by the Fire, makes it malle-
able.: | Secondly, Becaufe Induration is a degree towards Fixation; and i 7 Mollification towards Volatility,: ,fAnd thereforethe Inquiry of them, will} givelighttowardstheother. |; Wii OR taguat WNL lid oor Ow 4
For tough and brittle, they are much of the fame kinde with the] two former, but yet worthy of an Inguiry apart : Efpecially to joyn| — | Hardnefs to Toughnefs ; ‘as making Glafs malleable, &c. And} — | making Blades , ftrong to refift and pierce, and yet not cafie to} break. noid |
: { Tay . sl 7 an For. Volatility and Fixation,, ‘it is a principal Branch to be ep-|_ quired. The utmoft degree of Fixation is, ‘That whereupon ise | | will work, nor, Strong-water joyned with Fire, if there be any fuch | \ Fixation poffible ; . The next is, when Fire fimply will not. work witl
| out Strong-waters: The next is, when it will endure Fire not blo
jor fuch a ftrength of Fire: The next is, when it will not endure Fite, | but: yet ismalleable : .:The’next-is,. when itis, not malleable, but yer it | jis not fluent, but ftupified. So, of Volatility,“ the utmott degree, is j when it will fice away without returning: The next is, when it will i | flecsupy but with eafie return ):; -The next, when it will flee upwards, |
ad
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Articles of Enquiry; Fe. o
The next is, whenit will mele, thoughnot rife ; Andthenext, whenit will foften, though nor melr. Of all chefe, diligent inquiry is to be made, in feveral Aferals ;_efpecially of the more extream degrees. ee For Tranfmutation or Verfion, if ic be real and true, itis the furtheft | point of Art; and would be well di(tinguifhed from ExtraGion, from Re- | ftitution, and from Adulteration. I hear muchof turning Iron into Cup- per; I hearalfo of thegrowth of Lead in weight, which cannot be with- out a Converfion of fome Body into Lead: But whatfoever is of this kinde, and well approved, is diligently to be inquired, and fet down.
He fourth Letter of the Crofs Row, is Reftitution. Firft therefore, itis tobe enquired in the Negative ; what Bodies will never return, either by reafon of their extream fixing, as in fome Vitrificationss or by + extream Volatility. Spite ses vanep Itis alfo tobe enquired of the two Means of Reduction; and firft by the Fire. which is butby Congregation of Homogeneal parts. The fecond is, by drawing them down, by fome Body, that hath con- fent with them: As Iron draweth down Copper in Waters Golddraweth pistes invapor; whatfoever is of this kinde, is very diligently to be enquired. | | ) Vig - — Alfo it is tobe enquired, what Time or Age will reduce without the help of Fire or Body? % sive | wee Alfo it is to be enquired, what gives Impediment' to Union or Refti- tution, which is fometimes called Mortification ; as when Quick-filver is mortified with Turpentine, Spittle, or Butter. Laftly, it is to be enquired how the Metal reftored, differeth in any } thing from the Metal raw orcrude? As whether it becomethnot more chur- lith, altered in colour, or the like?
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Pidbe lela irraber® Serer
moat deieisiennge opeleiereiet felejnrmpute
iehstate)
MMe hslein einge:
' releis en einai bege fates beisisinierenajae siele inlay telellmtelayatereye rit) siarajajarr) eietetele|-fojsjaasiece PPM tain yet nite edebate tes Pelaeratoysio yey nbn Len fistehejaye Inqetriobermtalsisiniere: a)PiPinborminie ijeiey Net ae seine HA18N sobetetniniteleetess.
YoU i8bntn lo velalinlmbeletalebeieh nr i= Pehl adr gmnbone pe ierfoge jay: ‘> emiay ee
Hormiatebers : ovale sfesateferere HT] Hesmhepay
jeie|einioiasene
Immjeparete, “4
Jebel: ieprest pty
Waste
seit sisi ejay
i) Mrisieletmpetele
SFeIe\apeisjejes eben Mii bdbeesbd teal dele
tered sisleieialeimiaie =
bole Mem imtapeimymiedatel Initiele
1B) sie be) bide lid et
ietatetoheser ste rate: mpm ing, 8
babel Meieing rT 4 HNP Mmibmleleinieiaiajeie 4
=) heim
he ele) Alege
Deir Ne4aieis stelede,
beteininieieleiaie
ah feiss Abeialeraicrastositelerereiese bala ies bat reiobeisiniereitreit
siet 12)*hehmisieia! Hare pny
iy teiniey
mae is im pnisjn ye sieie)
Mime la eleleiaye.
eres eh ehminterunie
el esey, Middbiaiel Me)*Helsimimieialdfajere, AIR niape totes a
ea
=e hel Heteteb nbn a wieiwiny Dinners errers
oa seitleteniay
Meieiwleieiaiere
it )eiehaleiere
ane She lainieinte lene
theled Ve etelnieiaie rhb
*\s)eleinimimpere * hey Himieieielminiete
rea *HAI* Nehninserete He tmee te mteympeiny
IMbOied tibia imi epnge fete
einseregers Ia eect bepoenaaeie sietaseiereje
ines
Oat aed he pelos -
Pirie teye iain
eye
Nahe l reser: “limba rebehebeiage age be Ser
sin letebetedes
lsitierayent of
Pheimimimielaiming
ie a jriepeted
Titiththelaimiaisinprisieieleeieiele ninse fain
oe (netnintese
shetmiainistaye:
Ae t+) wie \ehatnaimpeiminqeieieintel= ia inne = it beleleleieleiaperey
te
Ale peretots
1?" Jobe baioieyainto sietelotsieielsiefeieiaisieye Phe faimfetniay, Sieiejeyetareieleletelain
(rie leteiepe nied aledwinies sheimaperasermitierelete
slnlnjereisinrepeisiaieiern \ndele teddies nbeh pire siel=inimteyeiete
Ssefeyeiaie, =\ rir imimiminfelatelnisivieieie slelere
strehentelnpapepeisieye syibeetaaeictateelt alee lebe balm jefe bareye Apatebeleieleiepeieie ee ielepes sisieinieiaiafaletelaisiere Imialeiei*ebeimiafeiaiaiajefejeleleie Shela i) been ieiatelata in)ahajaye tel ee sis paejere
shevele
preeeren afeleleiaie sisie Sn$s\0
belaperereieiere ejajeleieieteye eiebalsiefe ole Lepr ki ebay inisiaysi-inrnyegs sie
Drererriters Aimjelefare : py ttre setelmbereiotetm Ingeimieleleimojeieiaimieiniaye: * \
eieyel t=
\odgpeletepeieieies
riey
mimieitfeinieia «
minin\*ieletniejaieimietereieieles
Serer eh eheininiafeleymiejcinlai=
fei
Meinjeielay Jelejetala *
hei Rta t=) einjeye)
eisteieieiey eletel
s)he mba jape pe
er
' }eheinpereteic|=bniaiede
Va'*\=hs)etapeja) tape
“1 “Hbepepeiteleisieieisiatejese Jehe tele
abelafetedet:
; eiaheneee sieientie '
Ve poimietes wi inletmintebejeiatmneiedaie epepopeiofesejsiara;
“H*(*lel>ieielsiieistars
layater
inh Nsinjepaiaie Nnishenale(einieleie s/o lmimtmperaretefe taie}e
Pei ebm ie, iH elniniainiaimiatere: Lhd tld babel bed bet
A\nlajnjerefainiag
Tinleleisteidelatbejayete jehete
Malelepajajere
baited
sieiniehsislepeleteje pba btey
Flalateeieparny Piminiefelmietmininjeler= inj. NmUA|sInlejein n
fete)
bibtinbibtbebd ttt
hope
Iehe pete
oie}:
si ie bale lade ye te
Srinl*imheinteje/ajelaiara
thniebeirivia len
ie
delerehoieye
hed my Jelsfelwiese
ANelnhe vein mbaiey
Se leta mie pedey
sbsistejeyeinjeiajare
Hele faje ropars Siepeleyeim sate tele wines
Msimlelejeieiniejcinfers
ahelnininte ray
~MOIM Of Bheieisjejeice)e teheradey
mint minim iefainje IRIBIOIs hele “lberel™iminlereporeiels Inhale spabete eheleinje, Islefeiepeieya
eteieterete ras
Je}shove Pieteidjafeininiziejnie) MIaprinielricinfetaieleiets Jefeinie|sieinerarajerers
isinpeleleye
yee)
isistefelersye
a Perstel= fepebrimrniedminbete: nts pale hada tein nbelejninisholeda Imiededeiatepere
nisin}
ererres
“isinlnre
eleitininin cae Mintel inyelapedereletelabere
renin ty peep febele(riniete
febelaigt
ebehege inimae!
oinere erepy Pare
nurs
shel tbeiapeiains ey od
telelere pat
$e) lei mie etalteaes
Je ister. IP ehelefelage
PIP imyneln eleymie. \*hnt=leheletelnber
elebeiate ye ®
ayn OPA Heieteieierey ritishe
' ahebeletesciogersreré s\n )eheteiele JO prim ietetes Siletsteleye, A= for , *\eieieleleisiaieiainfe ietabelaisiaiepajepeieye
fair priare pe oF a hrlepeleleietmraie ihe
sinpatepeiet
reir rire)
H1OiPhsiRis lee bei eleimpnietetelele
ole
Ve eistedvrebe
eben le intelebetees>
Ieynfeiepebereretaye
sielepeteterelstel=