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A NATFI PALL HISTORY.
im ten emeurics.
Written by the ri Flot: «Francis

Lo: Verulam Ufone wm) “Alban.
ublifhed after yAutho Deat

Lon

Printed for W; Lee and are tobe fould DY
friated For Lip and ore he fl

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~_————

SYLVA
SYLVARVM:

OR

A Naturall Hiftorie.
i thu ReroRL”
WRITTEN BY THE RIGHT

Honourable FRA NCCIS Lo. Verulam
Vifcount S. ALBAN.

Publithed after the Authors death,
By Wirrism Rawceey Dolor of Dininity,
late bss Lordfhips (baplaine..

The fecend Edition.

LONDON,

¢ Printed by #. H. for William Lee at the Turkes

Head in Fleet-/treet, next to the Miter. 1628.

Digitized by the Internet Archive
, In 2009 with funding from
University of Toronto

http://www.archive.org/details/sylvasylvarvmorn00baco

IST DK

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posse 3,

os

Sane aes oe ome oN

TO THE MOST HIGH
AND MIGHTY PRINCE

CHARLES:

BY THE GRACE OF GOD,
King of Great Britaine, France, and
lreland, Detender of the Faith,&c.

May it leaf your r tial B: E sition wt Maief ys
aj] He whole Body of the Natu-
all Fistor, either defigned,
| or written, by the late Lo.
| Vifcount S. Athan: was dedi-
4 catedto your Masestie, in his
pass) Booke De Ventis, about foure
yeeres mary when your eZ aiestie was Prince:
So as there needed no new Dedication of this).
Worke, but only, 1 in all humbleneffe, to let your
Maiefie know, itis yours. It is true, if that Lo.
had led, your Maieflie, ere long, had beene
inuoked, to the Protection of another Héftorie:

Whereof, not NCatures Kingdome, as in this;

biit

acne

—_

Lhe Epiftle Dedicatory. |

but thefe of your Maie/ties, (during the Time |
and Reigne of King Henry the Ejghth)had beene |
the Subiect: W hich fince it died vnder the De-
fignation meerely,there is nothing left,but your
eMeaiefies Princely Goodnefle, gracioufly to
accept of the Vndertakers Heart, and Intenti-
ons;who was willing to haue parted, for a while,
with his Darling Philofopbie,that he might haue
attended your Royall Commandement,in that
other Worke. Thus much I haue beene bold, in
all lowlineffe, to reprefent vnto your Maieftie,
as one that was trufted with his Lord/bips Wri-
tings, even to the laft. And as this Worke affect-
eth the Ssampe of your Maieflies Rovall Proteéti-
on, to make it more currant to the World ; So
vnder the Proteéfion of this Worke, | prefume in
all humbleneffe to approach your Maieflies
prefence; And to offer it vp into your Sacred
Hands.

Your M ALESTIES moft Loyail

and Dewoted SubieF,

VV. Rawtey.

<ek

rs)
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aes S
fe a a
Vd
be

I Br ©), ZINE Te: \8 )
c a hh "7 -

SY) UME SS NOS ‘

FT | i Ba call a

Ne NC Ld | A

SAAN eal WD ETH es

4, ji ys J

Ww LIRA Qe-F fi

r OSS me

To the Reader. .

pesos Auing had the Honour to be
Gry fe: continually with my Lord,
in compiling of this Worke ;
A\-| And to be employed there-
S} Shad (Wey in; [haue thought it nor a-
SS} mille, (with his Lordthips
good leaueand liking, ) forthe better fatisfacti-
on of thofe that thal] reade tt, tomake knowne
fomewhat of his Lordthips Intentions, touch-
ing the Ordering, and Publifhing of the fame.
I haue heard his Lordfhip often fay ; that if 4
‘fhould haue ferued the glory: of his owne
Name, he had beene better not.to hauepub- |
lifhed this Narurall History: For it may feeme
an [ndigefted Heape of Particulars; Andcan-

}

not haue that Luftre, which Bookes caft in- :
to Methods haue: But thatherefolued topre- |
ferrethe good of Men, and that whichmight
beft fecure it, before any thing that might haue
Relation to Himfelfe. And he knew well, that

A there

a EEE

To Tue Reap any

|
there was no other way open, to vnloofe Mens
minds, being bound; and (as it were) Malefi-
ciate, by the Charmes of deceming Notions,
and Theories; andthereby made Impotent for
Generation of Workes,; but onely no where
to depart from the Senfe, andcleare experience;
Butto keepe clofe toit, efpeeially in the begin-
ning: Befides, this AC aturall History was a
Debtof his, being Defigned and fer downe for
ta third part of the Fn/lauration. 1 haue alfo
heard his Lordfhip difcourfe, that Men (no
Doubt) will thinke many of the Experiments
contained in this Collection, to bee Vulgar
and Triuiall ; Meane and Sordid; Curious and
Fruitlefle : And therefore he wifheth,that they
would haue perpetually before their Eies, what
is now in doing, And the Difference betweene
this ACaturall Hiftory, and others. For thofe |
Natural Hifories, which are Extant, being |
gathered for Delight and Vife, are full of plea- |
fant Defcriptions and Pictures , and affect and
feek after Admiration,R arities,and Secrets. But
contrariwife, the Scope which his Lordfhip in-
tendeth, isto write fuch a AC aturall Hiflory, as
may be Fundamental tothe Erecting and Buil-
ding of a true Philofophy: For the illumination
of the Vnder/tanding ; the Extracting of Axiomes,
and the producing of many Noble Workes,
and Effeéts. For hee hopeth, by this meanes,
}to acquit Himfelfe of that, for which he taketh
Himfelfe

To Tue Reaper.
Himfelfe in a fortbourd ; And that is, the Ad-
uancement of all Learning & Sciences. For ha-
| uing in this prefent W orke Collected the Ma- |
terials for the Building; And in his QCovam

Organu (of which his Lordthip is yet to publith |

a Second Part, ) fet downe the Inftrumentsand
Directions for the VVorke; Men {hall now be
wanting to themfelues, if they raife nor Know-
ledge to that perfection, whereofthe Nature of
Mortall men 1s capable: And in this behalfe, I
haue heard his Lord{hip fpeak complainingly ,
That his Lordfhip (who thinketh he deferueth
to be an Architect in this building, ) fhould be
forcedto bee 2 Work-man anda Labourer ;
And to dig the Clay and burne the Brick; And
more than that, (according tothe hard Condi-
tion of the Ffraelites at the latter end) to gather
the Straw and Stubble, ouer all the Fields, to
| burne the Bricks withall. For he knoweth, that
except he doe it,nothing willbe done: Men are
fo fet to defpife the Meanes of their owne good.
And as for the Bafeneffe of many of the Expe-
| riments; As long as they be Gods WV orks, they
'are Honourable enough. And for the Uu/gar-
~ |neffe of them ; true eA xiomes muft be drawne
from plaine Experience, and not from doubt-
ifull, And his Lordfhips courfe is, to make
| Wonders Plaine,and not Plainethings Won-
iders; And that Experience likewife muft bee
broken and grinded, and not whole, or a te
peae's | A2 grow-|

| | To Tue Reaper. |
| groweth. And for Ve, his Lordthip hathof

tenin his Mouth, the two kinds:of Experinents, |
Experimenta Fruttifera, and Experimenta Lucife- |
b
|
}

|

ra: Experiments of Vie,and Experiments of Light; |
And he reporteth himfelte, whether he were
not a ftrange Man; that fhould thinke that
Lighthath no Vie, becaufe it hath no Matter.
Further, his Lordfhip thought good alfo, to
addevnto many of the Experiments themfelues,
fome Goffe of the (aufes ; thatin the fucceeding
worke of Jnterpreting “Nature, and Framing
Axiomes, all things may bee in more Readi-|
nefle.. And forthe Caufes herein by Him al-
figned; his: Lordfhip perfwadeth Himfelfe,
they are farre more certaine;than thofe that are
Lgindoss by Others; Not for any Excellency
of his owne Wit (as his Lordthip is wont to
fay) butin refpect of his continuall Conuer-
fation with ature and Experience. Hee did
confider likewife, that by this Addition of (au-
Jes, Mens minds (which make fo much hatte
to finde out the (aufes of things,) would net
thinke themfelues veterly loft,ina Valt VVood
of Experience, but ftay vpon thefe Caufes Cluch
as they are) alittle, till true e4xiomes may bee
more fully difcouered. | haue heard his Lord-
fhip fay alfo, that one great Reafon, why hee
would not put thefe particulars into any exact
eMethod (though he that looketh attentiuely |
into them, fhall finde that they haue a fecret

Order)

re rn eh

TO 3. we Ren A Dr Re

Order) was, becaufe he conceiued that other
men would now thinke,that they could doe the
| like. And {o goe on witha further Collection :
which if the Method had beene Exact, many
would haue defpaired to attaine by Imitation.
As for his Lordthipsloue of Order, I can re-
fer any Man to his Lord{hips Latine Booke,
De Augmentis Scientiarum ; which (ifmy ludge-
ment be any thing ) is writtenin the Exacteft
Order, that] know any Writing tobe. [ wil!
conclude with an vfuall Speech of his Lord-
{hips ; That this WV orke of his Natural Hi/to-
19,18 the World, as God mace it, and notas Men
haue made it; For that it hath nothing of Ima-
gination.

W. Rawley.

Se

This Epiftle is
the fame, that
fhould haue
beene prefixed
co this Booke,
ifhis Lord{hip
had liued.

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AEV RA ET

HISTORITE.
J. Century.

Iggea Pit vponthe Sea (ore fomewhataboue -
the High-water Marke,and {inke itas deepe | peocciments
as the Low- Vater marke; Andas the Tide | inconfert, tou-
*} commeth in, it will fill with ster,Freth and oe a
jof Potable, This iscommonly practifed vpn pafiing = Ea
B-%\0} the Coaft of Barbary, where other freth Ha- dics, one tho-
| ter is wanting, Aod Carsar knew this he sage
well, when he was befieged. in Alexaudria: Percolation.
For by Digging of Pits in the Sea /hare, hee |
did fruftrate the Laborious Workes of the |
Enemies,which had turned the Sea-Water vpon the Wels of Alexandyias |
And fo faued his Armie,being then in Defperation, But Ca/ar miftooke |
the Caufe; Forhe thought that all Sea-Sands had Naturall Springs of
Frefh Water, But it is plaine, that it is the Sea-Water ; becaufe the Pit fil-
lethraccording to the Meafure of the Tide: And the Sea-water pafling
or Scraining thorow the Sands, leaueth the Saltneffe.
I remember to haue Read, that Triall hath beene made of Salt ws- 2
ter paffed thorow Earth ; thorow Ten Veffells, one within another,
and yet it hath not loft his Saltneffe, as to become potable: But the
fame Man faith, that (by the Relation of Another,) Salt Water drained
thorow twentie Veffells; hath become Freth. This Experiment {cemeth
to croffe that orber of Pits, madeby the Sea-fide; And yet but in part,
ifit be true,that twentie Repetitions doe the Effea, Bur it is worth the
Notc, how poore the Imitations of Nature are, in Common courfe of
Experiments, except they be led by great Iudgement, and fome good
Light of Axiemes, For firft, there is no fimall difference betweene a
Paflage

aaah

[Jose CC OSSS |

| Paflage of Water thorow twenty {mall Veflells; And chorow fuch al.

diftance, as betweene the Low water, and High water Marke, Second-
ly, thercis a great difference betweene Earth and Sand, For all Earth
hath in ita kinde of Nitrous Salt, from which Sand is move frees And
befides Earth dothnor ftraine the Water fo finely, as Sand doth, But
there isa Third Point, that I fufpeét as much, or more, than the other
Two: And that is, tharin the Experiment of Tran{mifiion of the Sea-
water into the Pits, the Water rifeths Butin the Expersment of Tranf-
miffion of the Water thorow the Veflells, it falleth: Now certaine it
is, that the Salter Part of Water, (once Salted thorow-out ) goeth to
the Bottome. And therefore no maruell, if the Draining of Water by
defcent, doth not make it freth’: Befides, | doe fomewhat doubt, that
the very Dafhing of the Warer, thatcommeth from the Sea, is more
proper to ftrike off the Salt part, than where the Water flideth of her
owne Motion,

It feemeth Percolation or Tran/mifsion, (which is commonly called
Straining,) is a good kinde of Separation ; Not oncly of Thicke from
Thin, and Groffe from Fine; Burof more fubtile Natures ; And va-
rieth according to the Body thorow which the Tran/miffton is made,As
if thorow a woollen Bagge, the Liquor leaueth the Fatnefle; If thorew
Sand, the Salneffe; &c. They fpeakef Seuering Wine from Water,
paffing it thorow Ivy wood, or thorow other the like porous Body;Bat
Non Conjftat.

The Gumme of Trees (which wee feeto be commonly fhining and
cleare) is buta fine Paflage or Straining of the Juice ofthe Tree,thorow
the Wood and Barke. And in like manner, Corns/h Diamonds, and Rocke
Rubies, (which are yet more refplendent than Gummes)are the fine Exue
dations of Stoney,

Ariftotle giueth the Caufe, vainly, why the Feathers of Birds are of
more liucly Colours, than the Haires of Bea/fs ; for no Beaff hath any
fine Azure, or Carnation, or Greene Haire, He faith, Ic is, becaufe Birds
are more in the Beames of the Sunne, than Bea/fs; But that is manifeft-
ly vntrue; For Cattle are more in the Sunne than Birds, that liue come
monly in the Woods, or infome Couert, The true Caufeis, thatthe
Excrementious Moifture of liuing Creatures which maketh as well the
| Feathers in Birds, as the Haire in Beafts, paffeth in Berds thorow a finer
and more delicate Strainer, than it doth in Bea/fs: For Feathers paffe
thorow Quills; And Haire thorow Skin.

The Clarifying of Liquors by Adhefion is an Inward Pertolatios; And
is effected, when fome Cleauing Body is Mixed and Agitated with the
Liquors; whereby the groffer Part of the Légwor Rtickes to that Clea
uing Body; And fo the finer Parts are freed from the Groffer, Sothe
Apothecaries clarific their Sirrups by whites of Egges, beaten with the
luices which they would clarifie; which Whites of Egges, gather all
| the Dregges and groffer Parts of the Iuyce to them ; And after the Sér-
rap being fer on the Fire, the whites of Egges themfelucs harden, and

are

| Water friske and {princkle vp, in a fine Dew, This Inffance doth cxcel.

| whenfocuer a Solid Body (as Wood, Stone, Mettal!, &c.) is preffed,

| hath neuer beene obferued, nor inquired; It being ofall Motions, the

Century. I. 3

aretaken forth. So [ppocraffe is clarified by mixing with Milke; And
ftirring icabour ; And thea paffing ir thorow a Woollen Bag, which
théeycall Hippocrates Sleewe: And the Cleaving Nature of the Milke
dratteth che Powder of the Spices, and Grofler parts of the Zignor to
it; And tn thé peffage they fticke vpon the Woollen Bag.v 5
©The Cla ifying of Water; 1s an’ Experiment tending to Heald; be-
fides the picafure of the Eye, when Water is Cryftabline: Ir is eHeaed
by cafting in and placing Pebbles, acthe Head of a Currency; tharthe
Water may f{traine thorow then»,
<Ttmay bey Percolatiomdoth not onely caufe Clearenetle and Splen-
dor, but Sweernefle of Sanour; For thar alfo followeth, aswell 4s
Clearenefle, when the Finer Parts are feuered from the Grofler. ‘So ir
isfound, that the Sweats of men that haue much Heat, andexercife
much, and hauecleane Bodies, and fine Skins, doe {mell fiweer; A's was
faid of Alexander; And wefee, commonly, that Games haue fweer
Odours, 93b

Akea Gla/fé, and put Water into it, and wet your Finger,and draw
it round about the Lip of the Glaffe, prefling it fomewhat hard;
And after you haue drawne it fome few times about; it will make'the

Experiments
in Confort
touching Ald
tion of Bodies
ypon their
Prefinre.

9

lently Demonftrace the Force of Comprefiton in a Solid Body. For

there is an inward Tumult in the parts thereof; fecking todeliuer them-
felues from the Compreffion : And this is the Caufe of all Vielent
(Motion, VWhercin itis ftrange in thehigheft Degree, that this Motion

moft Common, and the Chiefe Root of all Atechawicall Operations,
This Motion worketh in round at firft, by way of Proofe, and Search,
which way todeliuerit felfe; And then werketh in progrefle, where
| it findeth the Deliverance eafieft, In Liquors this Motion is vifible : For
! all Liquors ftrucken make round Circles, and withall Dath; but in
; Solids, (which breake nor) it is fo fubtil!, as itisinuifible; But neuer-
| cheleffe bewrayeth it felfe by many Effects; Asin this Jn/fance where-
| of wefpeake, Forthe Prefwreof the Finger furthered by the wetting
(becaufe it fticketh fo much the beter ynto the Lip of the Glafe) after
fome continuance, putteth all the {mall Parts of the Glaf¢ into worke ;
that they ftrike the Water fharply ; from which PercafSo that Sprink-
ling commeth.
If you firike or pierce a Solid Body, that is brittle, as Gaffe, or Sugar,
it breaketh notonly, where the immediate force is; but breakethall |
about into fhiuers and fitters; The Motion, vpon the Preffare, fearch-
ing allwaies; and breaking where it findeth the Body weakeft.
The Powder in Shot being Dilated into fuch a Flame,as endareth not | rE
Compre/Ston, Moucth likewife in round (The Flame being inthe Nature
of a liquid Body:) Sometimes recoiling; Sometimes breaking the Piece, |

But |
LL

i 950
co SN

fe)

NCaturall Fiftory :

But generally difcharging the Bullet, becanfe thereat findeth ‘eaficht |
Deliuerance, tu

This Motion vpon Preffure, and the Reciprocall thereof, which is
Motion vpon Tenfure; we vic to call (by onecommon Name) Motian of
Liberty; which is, when any Body, being forced to a Preter-Naturall
Extent, or Dimenfion,deliuereth and reftoreth it felfe to the Naturall: |
Aswhen a Blowne Bladder (Preffed) rileth againe; or when Leather or |
Cloth tentured {pring backe. Thefe two Motions ( of which there be in- |
finite inftances) we fhall handle in due place,

This Motion vpon Preffure is excellently alfodemonftrated in Soumds;
Aswhen one Chimeth vpon a Bell, it foundeth; but as foone as he lay-
eth his hand vpon it,the Soumd ceafeth : And fo, the Sond of a Virgénall
String, asfoone as the Quill of a lacke falleth vpon it, ftoppeth, For
thefe Sosnds are produced, by the fubtile Percuffion of the Minute
parts, of the Bell, or String, vpon the Aire; All one, as. the Water is
caufed to leape by the fubtile Percuflion of the Minute parts of che
Glaffé, vpon the Water, whereof we fpake a little before in the ninth
Experiment, For youmuft nottakeit to be, the Jocall Shaking of the
Bell, or String, that doth it, As wefhall fully declare, when we come
hereafter tohandle Sounds.

Experiments
in Cowfort rou!
ching Separati-|
ons of Bodies by
weight. j

14

!

fy eotes witha Belly and along Neb; fill the Belly (in part)
with Water : Take alfo another Gla//e, whereinto put Clares Wine
and Water mingled; Reverfe the firlt Gla//e, with the Belly vpwards,
Stopping the Web with yourfinger; Then dip the Mouth of it with-
in the Second Glafe, and remouc your Finger : Continue it in chat
pofture for atime; And it will vamingle the Wine from the Water:
Thé Wiwe afcending and ferling in the top of the vpper Glafe; And
the Water de{cending and fetling in the bottome of the lower Giaffe,
The paflage is apparant tothe Eye; For you fhall fee the Wine, as it
were, in a {mall veine, rifing thorow the Water, For handfomnefle
fake (becaufe the Working requireth fomefinall time) it were good
| you hang the vpper Glafe vpon a Naile. But as foone as there is ga-
thered {o much pureand vamixed Water in the bottome of the Lower
Glaffe, as thatthe Mouth of the vpper G/a/edippeth into it, the Azeti-
on ceafeth,

Letthe Vpper Glafe be Wine, and the Lower Water ; there follow-
eth no Motion avall.. Let the Vpper Gla/e be Water pure, the Low-
er Water coloured; orcontrariwife; there followethno Motion atall,
But ithath beenetried, that though the Mixeure of Wine and Water,
in theLower Gla//e, beethree parts Water, and but one bine; yerit
doth notdead the Motion, This Separation of Water and Wine appea-
reth to be made by Weight ; for it mult be of Bodies of vnequall Weight,
or elfe it workethnot; And the Heauier Body mutt ever be in thevpper
Glafe. But thennote withall, that the Water being made penfile, and
there being a great Weight of Water in the Belly of che Gla/e, fultained

by

»5

(im

Bot Century 1. 5

teth the Motion on worke : For Water and Wine in one Glafe, with long
{tanding, wili hardly feuer, "
| This: Experiment would be Extended from Mixtures of feuerall Zi- 16
| quors,to Simple Bodies, which Confit of feucrall Similare Parts: Try it
| therefore with Brine or Sule water, and Fre/h water; Placing the Sale wa-
| ter (which is che heauier) in the vpper Glaffe; And fee whether the Frefh
| will come aboue, Try it alfo with Water thicke Segred, and Pure water
and fee whether the water which commeth aboue, will lofe his Sweet-
neffe ; For which purpofe itwere good there werea little Cocke made

in the Belly of the vpper Glyffe.

ee ee
: | bya {mall Pillar of Water in the Necke of the Glaffe; Ic is that,which fet~

N Bodies containing Fine Spirits, which doe eafily diffipate, when | Experiments
you make Infusions, the Rule is; A fhort Stay of che Body in the Zz- pibigepieite
guor receiueth the Spirit 5 And alonger Stay confoundeth ir; becaule it a a
dra:veth forth che Earthy Part withal!; which embafeth the finer. And | Jofisfons,both
therefore iris an Ercour in Phy/itians, to reft fimply vpon the Length of | iniia¥"% and
ftay, for increafing the vertue, But ityou will haue the Jnfu/ien ftrong, I
in thofe kinde of Bodzes, which have fine Spirits, your way is,not to giue 7
Longer time, but to repeat the Jnfufion of the Bodie oftner, Take Vio-
lets, and infufe a good Pugill of chem in a Quart of Vineger; Let them
ftay three quarters of an houre, and take them forth; And refrefh the
Jofusfion with like quantitie of new Fielets, feuen times; And it will make
a Vineger fo frefh of the Flower, as: if a Twelue-moneth after, it bee
brought you in a Saucer,you {hall fnell irbefore it come at you, Note,
that it {melleth more perfectly of the Flower, a good while after, than
acfirft.
This Rule, which we haue giuen, is of fingular vfe, for the Prepara- 18
i tions of Medicines, and other Infusions. Astor Example; The Leaf
| of Burrage hath an Excellent Spirit, toreprefle the fuliginous Vapour
| of Duskie Melancholy, and fo to cure Madnefle: But neverthelefle,
ifthe Leafe be infufed Jong, it yeeldeth forth but araw fubftance, of no},
Vertue; Therefore I fuppofe, that if inthe Muft of Wine, or Wort
of Beere, while it worketh, before it bee Tunned, the Barrage ftay a
finall time,and be often changed with freth ; [twill make a Soueraigne
Drinke for Melancholy Paffions, And the like 1 conceiue of Oreage-
Blowers.
Rubarb hath manifeftly in it Parts ofcontrary Operations: Parts that 19
puree; And parts that binde the Bodie: And the firft lay loofer, and
the latcer lay deeper: So that ifyou infule Rubarb for an houre, and
'crufh it well, it will purge better, and binde the Bodie leffe after the
purging, than ificftood twentie foure houres; This is tried ; But I con-
ceiuc likewife, that by Repeating the Jafufion of Rubarb, {eucrall times,
(aswas faid of Violets,) letting each ftay in but a {mall time, you may
make it as frong a Purging Medicine, as Scammony. And itisnot a
fall thing wonne iu Phyficke, ifyou can make Rubarb, and other Medi-

AIS ciaes
if a

©

ee Naturall Hiflory:

ST

| cines that are Benedict, as {trong Purgers, as thofe that are not without

fome Malignity.

20 Purging Medicines, for themoft part, haue their Purgatine Vertue,
ina fine Spirit; As appeareth by chat they endure not boiling without
much loffe of vertue. And therefore it is of good viein Phy/ficke, if you
can retaine the Purging Vertuc, and take away the Vnpleafant tafte of
the Parger ; which itis like you may doe, by this courle of Jafujing
oft, withlittle tay. Forit is probable, that the Horrible and Odious
Tafte, is the Groffer parr.

21 Generally, the working by Jafu/ions, is groffe and blinde, except you
firft cry the Iffuing of the feuerall Parts of the Body, which of ‘hem
Iffue more fpeedi!y, and which more flowly; And fo by apportioning
the time, can take and leaue that Quality, which youdefire, This to
know, there be twowaies; Theone to try what long ftay, and what
fhort ftay worketh, as hath beene faid: The otherto try in Order, the
fucceeding Jafufions, of one and the fame Body, fuccefliuely,in feuerall
Liquors. As for example; Take Orenge-Pils, or Rofe-Mary, or Cinmas
mon, or what youwill; And let them /nfufe halfe an houre in Water:

| Then take them out, and Jnfu/e them againe in other Water; And fo
che third time: And then tafte and confider the Fér/? Water, the Second,
| and the Third: And you will find chem differing not only in Strength

| and Weakneffe, but otherwife in Tafte, or Odour; For it may be the

| Firf? water willhauc more of the Scent, as more Fragrant; And the
Second mote of the Tafte, as nrore Bitter or Biting, &c.

22 Infufions in Aire, (for fo wee may well call Odors) haue the fame
diuerfities with Z#fufions in Water ; In that the feuerall Odours (which
are in one Flower, or other Body) iffue at feuerall times; Some earlier,

|fome later: Sowe finde that Violets, Woodbines, Strawberries, yeeld a
' pleafing Scent, thatcommeth forth firft; But foone after an ill Scent,
_ quite differing from the Former; Which is canfed, not fo much by
| Mellowing, as by the late iffuing of the Groffer Spirit,

23 | Aswemay defire to extract the fineft Spirits in fome Cafes; So we}

may defire alfo to difcharge them (as hurtfull) in fome other, So Wine |

| burnt, by reafon of the Euaporating of the finer Spirit, enflameth leffe, : .
and is beft in Agues: Opium leefeth fome of his poifonous Quality, if |
it be vapoured out, mingled with Spirit of Wine, or the like: Seam lee- |
feth fomewhar of his windineffe by Deco@ing ; And (generally) fub-
tillor windy Spirits are taken off by incenfion, or Evaporation, And
euen in Jwfwfionsin things that are of too high a Spirit, you were better

| powre off the firft Zofufion, after a {mall time, and vfe the latter,

Soheay ion vbbles ave in the forme of an Hemifphere; Aire within, anda little |

ar me Skin of Water without: And ir feemeth fomewhat ftrange, that

ick the Azre fhould rife fo fwiftly, while ic isin the Water; And when it
quids. commeth to thetop, fhould be ftaid by fo weakea Couer as that of

24 the Bubbleis. But as for thefwift Afcent of the Aire, while it it vnder

the

——$—$—$——$ $$$ et

Century. I.

the Water, that is a Motion of Percufitow from the Water; which it
felfe defcending, driueth vp the Aire; and no Motion of Leuity in the
Aire, And this Democritus called Motus Plaga, In this Common Ex-
periment, the Caufe of the Enclofure of the Badole is, for that the Ap-
petite to refift Separation, or Difcontinuance (which in folid Bodies
is ftrong) isalfoin Liqueurs, though fainter and weaker; As we {ec in |
this of the Bubble : we fee it alfo in little Glafles of Spittle that children
make of Rufhes; And in Caftles of Bubbles, which they make by
blowing into Water, having obtained a little Degree of Tenacity by
Mixture of Soape: We fee it alfoin the Szillicédes of water, which if
| there be water enough to follow, will Draw them{clues into a {mall
| thred, becaufe they will nog difcontinue, But if there be no Remedy,
| then ehey caftthemfelues into round Drops ; which is the Figure,that
| faueth the Body moft from Difcontinuance: The fame Reafon is of
| the Roundneffe of the Bubble, as well for the Skin of waster, as for the

Aire within : Fer the Aire likewife auoideth Di/continuance ; And there-

fore cafteth it {elfe into a Round Figure, And for the {top and Arreft
| ofthe 4irealictle while, it fheweth that the dire of it felfe hath little,
| orno Appetite, or Afcending,

HE Reieétion, which I continually vfe, of Experiments, (though
it appeareth not) is infinit; But yet ifan Experiment be probable in
the Worke, and of great Vie, Ireceiue it,but deliuer it as doubrfull. Ir
was reported by a Sober Man, thatan Artificiall Spring may be made
thus: Findeoura hanging Ground, where there is a good quicke Fall

4

—

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Ma-
king of Artif-
ciall Springs.

“3

of Rain-water, Lay a Half-Trough of Stone,ofa good length,three or |

fourc foot deep within the fame Ground; with one end vpon the high
Ground, the other vpon the low. Couer the Trough with Brakes a;
good thicknefle, and caft Sand vponthe Top of the Brakes: You fhall
fee (faith hee) that after fome fhowers are paft, the lower End of the
Trough willrunne like a Spring of Water: which is no maruell, if it
| hold, while the Rain-water lafteth; But he faid it would continue long
time after the Raine is paft: Asif the water did multiply it felfe vpon
| the Aire, by the helpe of the Coldneffe and Condenfation of the Earth,
| and the Confort of the fir VWater,

HE French (which put off the Name of the Fresch Difeafe; vnto

the Name of the Difeafe of Naples) doe report, that at the Siege
ot Waples, there were certaine wicked Merchants, that Barrelled vp
Maas flefh (of fome that had beene, lately flaine in Barbery) and fold
it for Tw#ay ; And that vpon that foule and high Nourifhment,was the
Originall of that Défes/e, Which may well be; For that itis certaine,
chat the Canibals in the Weft Indies, eat Mans flefh ; And the Weft Indies
were fullof the Pocks when they were firft difcouered: And at this
day the Mortalle/f poifous,practifed by the Weft-Indians,haue fome Mix-
ture of the Bloud, or Far, er Flefh of Mas: And diuers Witches, and

Experiment
Solitary tow-
ching the Ve-
nemous Quality
of Dfazs Flefh.

26

B Sorce-|_

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Ver-
fion and Tranf-
mutation of
AireintoWater.

27

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Helpes
towards the
B cauty and
good Features
of Perfons.

28

Natural Hiftory:

Ba ee ee ere ee ee
Sorcereffes,as wellamongft the Heathen,asamongft the Chri/fiaws,hauc
fed vpon Mans flefh, to aid (as it feemeth) their Imagination, with
High and foule Vapours.

Bs feemeth that there be thefe waies (in likelihood) of Yerfion of Va-
pours, or Aire, into Water and Moiffure. The firft is Cold; which
doth manifeftly Condenfe; As wee fee in the Comtracting of the Aire
in the Weather-Glaffe; whereby itisa Degree ncerer to Water, We fee
it alfo inthe Generation of Springs, which the Ancients thought (very
probably) to be made by the Ver/ion of Aire into Water, holpen by the
Reft, which the dire hath in thofe Parts ; whereby it cannot diffipate,
And by the Coldmeffa of Rocks ; for there Springs are chiefly generated,
Wee fecit alfo in the Effects of the Cold of the Middle Region (as they
callit) of the Aire; which produceth Dews, and Raines, And the Ex-
periment of turning Water into Ice, by Snow, Nitre, and Sale (where-
of wee fhal! fpeake hereafter) would be transferred to the Turning
of Aire into Water. The Second way is by Comprefion ; As in Stilla- |”
tories, where the Wapour is turned backe,vpen it felfe, by the Encounter
of the Sides of the Stillatory; And in the Dew vpon the Couers of Boyling
Pots; And in the Dew towards Raine, vpon Marble, and Wain/cor,
But this is like to doe no great effe&t ; Except itbe vpon Vapours, and
grofle Aire, that are already very neere in Degree to Water. The
Third is that, which may be fearched into, but dothnot yet appeare 5
which is, by Mingling of moift Vapours with Aire; And trying if
they willnet bring aReturne of more Water, then the water was at
firft: For iffo; ThatIncreafe isa verfiow of the dire: Therefore put
water into the Bottome of a SééDatory, with the Neb ftopped; Weigh
the Water firft; Hang in the Middle of the Stillatory a large Spumge;
And fee what Quantity of Water you can crufh out of it; And what it
is more, or leffe, compared with the water fpent; For you muft vnder-
ftand, that if any verfion can be wrought, it will be eafilicft done in
{mall Pores: And that is the Reafon why we prefcribe a Spunge. The
Fourth way is Probable alfo, though not Appearing ; Which is, by
Receining the Aire into the {mall Pores of Bodies; For (as hath beene faid)
euery thing in {mall Quantity is more eafic for verfion ; And Tangible
Bodies haue no pleafure in the Confort of Aire, but endeauour to fub- |
a@ it intoa more Denfe Body: But in Entire Bodies it is checked; be-
caufe if the Aire fhould Condenfe,there is nothing to fucceed : There-
fore it muft be in loofe Bodies, as Sand and Powder; which we fee, ifthey |
lie clofe, of themfelues gather Moifture, F

iz is reported by fome of the Amciewts; TharWhelps, or other Crea
tures, if they be put Young, into fuch a Cage, or Box, as they can-
not rife to their Stature, but may encreafe in Breadth, or length;
will grow accordingly, as they can get’ Roome ; which if it bee
truc, and faifible, and that the young Creature fo preffed, and yan

k tened,

Century. 1.

tened, doth not thereupon die; Ic is a Meanes to produce DwarfeCrea-
tures, and in a very Strange Figure, This is certaine, and noted long
fince; Thar the Preffure or Forming of Parts of Creatures, when they
are very young, doth alter the Shape nota little; As the Stroaking of

the Heads of Infants, betweene the Hands, was noted of Old, to meke

, the Raifing gently of the Bridge of the Nofe, doth preuent the Defor-
_mity ofa Saddle Nofe. Which obferuation well weighed, may teach
| a Meanes, to make the Perfons of Men, and Women, in many kinds,
. | more comely, and better featured, than otherwifé they would be ; By

_ the Forming and Shaping of them in their Infancy:As by Stroaking vp |

the Calues of the Legs, to keepe them from falling downe too low ;
_ And by Stroaking vp the Forehead tokeepe them from being low-
| forcheaded, And iz is acommon Pra@ife to fwathe Infants, that they
| may grow more ftrai ght, and better fhaped: And we fee Young Wo-
| men,by wearing ftraight Bodies, keepe themfelues from being Groffe,
| and Corpulent,

Nions, as they hang, will many of them fhoor forth ; And fo will
Penni-rciall ; And {o willan Herbe called Opin ; with which they

vie, inthe Country, to trim their Houfes, binding itto a Lath, or
Sticke,and ferting itagainft a wall. We fee it likewife,more efpecially,
in the greater Semper-viae, which will put out Branches, two or three
yeeres : But itis true, that commonly they wrap the Root inaCloth
befmeared with Oile, and renue it once inhalfe a Yeere, The like is re-
ported by fome of the Ancients, of the Stalks of Lillies, The Caufe
is; For that thefe P/asts haue a Strong, Denfe,and Succulent Moifture,
which isnotaptto exhale; And fois able, from the old ftore, without
drawing helpefrom the Earth, to fuffice the fprouting of the Plant :
And this Sprouting is chiefly in the late Spring, or carly Sommer;
whichare the Times of Putting forth, We fee alfo, thar Stamps of
Trees, lying out of the ground,will put forth Sprouts for a Time. Burit
is a Noble Trial], and of very great Confequence, to try whether thefe
things, in the Sprouting, doe increafe Weight ; which mutt be tried by
weighing them before they bee hanged vp; And afterwards againe,
when they are fprouted, For if they encreafe not in Weight ; Then it is
no more bur this ; That what they fend forth in the Sprout, they lecfe
in fome other Part: Butif they gather Weight, then it is Magnale Na-
| téres For it fheweth that Aire may be made foto be Condented, as to
beconuerted into a Dew/e Body; whereas the Race and Period of all

, things, here aboue the Earth, is to extenuate and turne things to bee
more Paewmaticall, and Rares And nottobe Retrograde, from Prew-
maticall to that which is Den/e. It (heweth alfo, that Aire can Nowri/h ;
which is another great Matter of Conf quence. Note, that totry this,
the Experiment of the Semper-viae muft bee made without Oiling the
Cloth; Forelfe,itmay be, the Plant receiueth Nourifhment from the

| Oile. B2 Flame
5 ER ‘

| Macrocephali; which {hape of the Head,at that time,was efteemed. And |

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching the Coz-
dealing of Aire,
in {uch fortas
ir may pot on
Weight, and
yeeld Nowrifh-
ment.

29

| 10 Natural Hiftory : |
| See | ee eee eee

| |
|

| Experiment | [Lame and Aire doc not Mingle, except itbe in an Jn/fant; Or inthe
| Skisagail D vitall Spirits of vegetables, and lining Creatures. In Gunpowder, the |

| mixture of | Force of it hath beene afcribed,to R arciection of the Earthy Suditance |
2 eae into Flame; And chus farreit is truce: And then (ferfvorh) it os be- |
Fortethyeog, | come another Element; the Forme whereof occupicth more place; |
30 And fo, of Neceflity, followetha Dilatation: And therefore, left two
Bodies fhould be in one place, there muft needs alfo follow an Expul-
fion of the pellet; Or Blowing vp of the Mme. But thefe are Crude |
and Ignorant Speculations. For Flame, ifthere were nothing clicexcept |
it were in very great quantity, will be fuftocare with any hard Body, ;
fuch asa Pellet is, Orthe Barrell of aGunne; So as the Flame would
notexpell the hard Body ; But the hard Bady would kill the Flame,
and aot fuffer it co kindle, or fpread, But the caufe of this fo potent
a Motion, is the Witre, (which we call otherwife Salt-Petre; ) which
hauing in itanotable Crude and windy Spirit, firft by che Heat of the
Fire fuddenly dilateth it felfe; ( And we know that fimple 4ire, be- |
ing preternaturally attenuated by Heat,will make it {.lfe Roome, and
breake and blow vp that which refifteth its) And Secondly, when
the Nétre hath dilated itfelfe,it bloweth abroad the Flame,as an inward
_| Bellowes. And therefore we fee that Brim/loue, Pitch, Camphire, Wilde-
Fire, and diuers other Inflamable Matters, though they burne cruelly,
and are hard to quench; Yetthey make tio fuch fiery winde, as Gan-
der doth: And on the other fide, we fee that Qwick-fluer, (which
is amoft Crude and Watry Bedy)heated,and pent in,hath che like force
with Guspowder, As for lining Creatures, itis certaine, their Vital Spi-
rits are a Subftance Compounded of an 4éry and Flamy Matter; And
though Areand Flame being free, will net well mingles yet bound in
bya Body that hath fome fixing, they will. Fer that you may beft fee
in thofe two Bodies (which are their Aliments,) Pater, and Oile; For
theylikewife will nor well mingle of themfelues, but in the Bodies of
Plants, and lining Creatures, they will. Itis no maruell therefore, that
afimall Quantity of Spirits, inthe Cells of the Braine, and Canales of |
the Sinewes, are able ro moue the whole Body, (which is of fo great
Maffe). both with fo great Force, as in Wreitling, Leaping; And with |
fo great Swiftneffe, As in playing Diuifion vpon the Late. Such is the
force of thefe two Natures, Asre and Flame, when they incorporate,

SS ee ee

[aoe Ake a fimall Wax Candle, and put it in a Socket, of Braffe, or Iron;
Demi the Se. Then fet it vpright in a Porringer full of Spirst of Wine, heated :
| cret Natureof | Then ferboththe Candle, and Spirit of Wine, on fire, and you {hall fee
Be the Flame of the Candle, open it felfe, and become 4. or 5. times bigger
31 than otherwile it would haue beene; and appeare in Figure Globular,

| and not in Piramis, You fhall {ee alfo, that che Inward Flame of the
Candle keepeth Colour, and doth not wax any whit blue towards

| the Colour of the Outward flame of the Spirit of Wine. This isa Noble
}

Inftamce s

—-

Comury. 1. 11

Inflance ; wherein two things are moft remarkable; Theones that one
Flame within another guencheth nor; butis a fixed Body, and contiu-
ethas Atre, or Water doe, And therefore Flame would ftillafcend vp-
wards in one greatnefle, if ir were not quenched on the Sides : And the
greater the Flame is at che Bottome, the higher isthe Rife, The other,
that Flame doth not ming!e with Flame, as Aire doth with dire, or Wa- |
\ gar with Water, but only remaineth coatiguousy As itcommeth to pafle
| betwixt Confifting Bodies, Itappeareth alfo, that the forme of a Pira-
mis in Flame, which we vfually ec, is meerely by Accident,and thatthe |
| dire about, by quenching the Sides of the F/ame, crulheth ir, and ex- |
| tenuareth it into that Forme; For ofir felfe it would be Round: And
| therefore Smoake is in the Figure of a Piramis Reuerfed ; For the Aire |
_quencheth the Flame, and receiueth the Smoake. Note alfo, that the
Flame of the Candle, within the Flameofthe Spirit of Wine, istroubled; |
| Anddoth not oncly open and moue vpwards,but moueth wauing and
| taand fro: As if Flame of his owne Nature (if it were not quenched) |
would rowle and turne, as well as moue vpwards. By all which, it

fhould feeme, that the Czleftiall Bodies, (moft of them) are true Fires
or Flames, as the Stoicksheld; More fine (perhaps) and Rarified, than
out Flame is, For they are all Globular, and determinate; They haue
Rotation; And they haue the Colour and Splendour of Flame: So that
Flame aboue is Durable, and Confiftent, and in his Naturall place; But
with vs,it isa Stranger,and Momentany, and Impure; Like Valcas that |

halted with his Fall,

; Solitar -
when it commeth forth, you hall finde thofe Parts of the 4rrow, tie the Dif

which were on the Outfides of the Flame, more burned, blacked, and | ferex force of
turned almoft into a Coale ; whereas that in the Middeft of the Flame, ee a
will be, as ifthe Fire had {carce touched it, This is an Jaftawce of great| the sides.
confequence for the difcouery of the Naiure of Flame; And thewet! See
manifeftly, that Flsme burneth more violently towards the Sides, than
in the Middeft: And, which is more, that Heat or Fire is not violent or
furious, but where it is checked and pent. And therefore the Peripa-
tetickes (howfoeuer their opinion of an Alement of Bire aboue the dire |
| isiuftly exploded) in that Poine they acquit chemfelucs well: For be-
ing oppofed, thar if there were a Spheare of Fire, that incompafied the
Earthfo neere hand, it were impoffidle bur all things fhould be burnt
vp; They anfwer, that the pure Elemental Fire, in his owne place, and 2 ead

notirritate, is but of a Moderate Heat. ehing the De-
creafe of the

- . Naturali motien
I; isaffirmed conftantly by many, asan vfuall Experiment; Thata | o¢¢,auivy in
Lampe of re, in the Bottome of a Mine, will betumbled, and ftirred, | greet difance

by two Mens ftrengths which if you bring it ro the Top of the Earth,will fom coeea
aske Six Mens ftrength at the leaft toftirre it, Itis'a Noble Jmfance, | dep:h of he
and is fit to be tried to the full: For itis very probable, thatthe Motion | Ear).

¢ B3 of 33
gt ee

— an Arrow and hold it in Flame, for the {pace of ten pulfes; And | Experiment

|
|
}
|

In Naturall kdiflory :
| of Granity worketh weakly, both farre from the Barth, andalfo within
the Earth: The former, becaufe the Appetite of Voion of Denfe Bo-
dies with the Earth, in refpect of the diftance,is more dull; The latter,
_ becaufé the Body hath in part attained his Nature, when it is fome,
Depth in the Earth, Foras for the Morning to a Point or place (which
was the Opinion of the Amscients) it isa mecre Vanity,

Experiment Le is ftrange, how the Ausients tooke vp Experiments vpon credit, and
Solrary cou | Ayer did build great Matters vpon them, The Obferuation of fomeof |.

saben of Bo. | thebeft ofthem,dcliuered confidently is, Thata Ye/ell filled with /bes,
diesin Bu'ke,by | will receine the like quantity of Water, that it would haue done, ifithad
whe 2uere°* | beene empty. But this is vecerly vntrue; for the Water will not goe in by
quid Body with | a Fifth part, And I {uppofe, that that Fifth partis the difference of the
the more Solid. | lying clofe, or open, of the Afhes; As we {ee that A/hesalone, if they be
34 hard prefled, will lic in lefle roome: And fo the Afbes with Aire be-
tweene, lic loofer ; and with Water, clofer, For I haue not yet found

certainly, thatthe Water, it felfe, by mixture of Ajbes, or Duff, will)

fhrinke or draw into leffe Roome, *

Experiment | [i is reported of credit, that if you lay geod ftore of Kersels of
eee hag | J. Grapes,about the Root of a Vine;it will make the Vise come carlier,and,
king Fines more | profper better. It may be tried with other ‘Kernels, laid about che Reot,
fruitfull ofa Plant of the fame kinde; As Figs, Kernels of Apples, &c. The Caule
35 may be, for that the Kernels draw out of the Earth Inicefit conou-
rifh the Tree, as thofe that would be Trees of themfelues, though there
| were no Root; But the Root being of greater ftrength, robberh.and de-
| uoureth the Nourifhment, when they haue drawne it: As great Bi/bes

| deuoure little. vty st

| } -

I | T He Operation of Purging Medicines, and the Caw/es thereof, haue
couchihg Pr | bin thoughtto bea great Secret; And foaccording to the flothful
cing Medicis manner of Men, ivis referred toa Hidden Propriety, a Specificall vertue,

36 | anda Foarth Qualitie, and the like Shifts of Ignorance, The Caufes of
Purging are diuers ; All plaine and perfpicuous ; And throughly main-

| rammed by Experience. Thefirft is, That whatfoever cannot be oucr-
\comeaiddigefted by the Stomsacke, isby the Stomacke, cither put vp by
Vomit, or put downeto the Gwts ; And by that Motion of Expulfion in the
Stomacke, and Guts, othet Parts of the Body (as the Orifices of the Veines,
and the like) are moned to expell by Comfent, For nothing is mote fre-
quent than Motion of Confens in the Body of Man. This Surcharge of
the Stomacke, is caufed either by the Qualitie of the Medicine, or by the
Quantitie, The Qualities are three: Extreme Bitter, as in Aloés, Colo-
— &c, Loathfome and of horrible afte; Asin Agarick, Blaoke Helle-
ore, Sc, Aud of fecret Malignity, and difagreement towards Mans Bo- |
die, Many times not appearing much in the Tafte; As in Scamsmony, AMde-
choacham, Antimony, &c. And note well, that if there be any Medicine,
that

Experiments

0p aa ee ee

Ceatury. 1. ae 23

||

thae Purgeth, and hath neither of the firlt wo Manifeff Qualities; itis to

be held fufpected, as a kinde of Pos/om; For thar it worketh cither by |

Corrofion; orby a fecret Malignitie and Enmity to Nature: And there. |

fore uch Medicines are warily to be prepared,and vied, The Quantity of |

that whichis taken, doth alfo caufe Purging as welecin a great Onan. |

titie of New Milke from the Cow ; yea and a great Quantity of Meat ; For |

Surfers many times turne to Purges, both vpwards, and downwards, |

Therefore we fee generally that the working of Purging Medicifies,com- |

meth two or three houres after the Medicmes taken; For thatthe Ste |

macke firft maketh a proofe, whether it can concoét them, Andre itke |

happencthafter Surfets ; Or Milke in too great Quantitie. ;
A {icond Cau/e is Mordication of the Orifices ot the Parts; Efpecial: | 37

ly of the Mefentery veines; Asitis {eene, that Salt, or any fuch thing |

that is fharpe and biting, put into the Fundament, doth prouoke the |

| Parttocxpell; And atufard prouoketh Sneezing: And any Sharpe |

Thing to the Eyes, prouoketh Teares.And therefore we fee that almott |
all Pargershauea kinde of Twiching and vellicasion, befides the Griping
which commeth of wind, And if this Mordication be in an ouer-high
Degree, itis little better than the Corrofion of Poyfon; Arditcommeth
to pafle fometimes in Antiony ; Efpecially ifitbe giuen,to Bodies not
repleat with Humors ; For where Humors abound, the Humors faue
the Parts, ml
- The third Can/eis Attraction : For I doe not deny, but that Purging 38
Medicines hauc inthema dire& Force of Attraction;As Drawing Plafters
haue in Surgery: Andwe fee Sage, or Bettony brufed, Sncezine-powder,
and other Powders or Liqaors(which the Phy/itiaws call Errhines.) put ie
to the Nofe, draw Flegme,and waterfrom the Head: And fo it is in 4-
pophlegmati{mes, and Gargarifmes, that draw the Rheumedowne by thé
Palliat, And by this Vertue,no doubt,fome Pargers draw more one Hu-
mourgand fome another, according-to the Opinion receiued: As Re- |
barb deaweth Choller; Sean Melancholy ; Agarick Flegme ; 8c. But yer,
(more or |cfic) they draw promifcuoufly. And nore alfo, that befides
Sympathy, betweene the Parger and the Humour, there is alfo another
Caule, why foine Medécines draw fome Humour more than another.
And itis,tor that fome Medicines worke quicker than others: And they |
that draw quick>, draw onely the Lighter, and more fluide Humours; |
they thatdraw flow, worke vponthe more Tough, and Vifcous Hu-
mours.Aad therefore Mcn mult beware, how they take Rubarb,and the |
Uke, alone, familiarly ; For it taketh onlythe Lighteft partof rhe Ha- |
mouraway, and leaueth the Mafleof Humours more obftinate, And |
the like may be (id of Worme-weed, which is fo much magnified, «9!
The fourth Cas/2 is Flatuofity;F or Wind tirred moueth to expel: And
we finde char (in effect) all Pargers haue in them\araw Spirit, or Wind ;
which is the Princtpall Cau/é of Yortion in the:Stomack, and Belly, Aad |
therefore Pargers lecfe (mot of them) the vertue, by Deeodtion vpon

the Fite; Aad for that Caufe are giuen chiefly in Infufion, lupe, or
Powder. The

39

14, |

40

N aturall History:

The fifth Cau/e is Compreffion, ot Crulbing : As when Water is Crufhed
| out of a Spunge:So we {ee that Taking Cold moucth Loofenef{: by Con-
traction of the Skinne, and outward Parts; And fo doth Cold likewife ,
| caufe Rheumes, and Defluxions from the Head; And fome Astringent
Plaffers cruth out purulent Matter. This kind of Operation is not found
inmany Medicines: Mérabolanes hauc it; And it may be the Barkes of
Peaches ; For this Vertue requireth an A/friction ; but {uch an A/triction,
as isnot gratefull to the Body : (For a pleafing 4/fridion doth rather
Binde in the Humours, than Expell them:) And therefore fuch 4/fri-
ction is found in Things of an Harrith Tafte.

4I The Sixth Cafe is Lubrefaction, and Relaxation, As wee {ee in Medi-

cines Emollient ; Suchas are Milke, Honey, Mallowes, Lettuce, Mercurial,

Pelletory of the Wall, and others, Thereis alfo a fecret Vertue of Relaxa-

tion in Cold: For the Heat of the Body bindeth the Pacts and Humours

together, which Coldrelaxeth: As itis feene in Prine, Blond, Pottage,or
the like ; which, if they be Cold, breake, and diffolue. And by this kinde
of Relaxation, Feare loofeneththe Belly ; becaufe the Heat retiring in-
wards towards the Heart, the Guts and other Parts are relaxed ; In the
fame manner, as Feare alfo caufeth Trembling in the Sinewes, And of
this Kinde of Pargers are fome Medicines made of Mercury. !

42 The Seuenth Caufe is Abfertion ; whichis plainly a Scouring off, or

Jucifion of the more vifcous Humors,and making the Homors more fluide;
And ‘Cutting betweene them, and the Part. As is found in Nitrous Wa-
ter, which fcoureth Linnen Cloth ({peedily) from the Foulenfle. But
this Zwcifion mutt be by a Sharpue/fe, without Affriftion : Which wee
finde-in Salt, Worme-weod, Oxymel, and the like,

43 Therebe Medicines, that moue Steoles, and not Vrine ; Some other,

Vrine, and not Stooles. Thofe that Purge by Stoele are {uch as enternot |
at all,or little into the Me/entery Veines ; But either at the firft are not die |
geftible by the Stomacke, and thereforg moue immediatly downwards |

'to the Guts; Or clfe areafterwards reic&ted by the Me/entery Feines, and |

fo turne likewife downwards to the Guts; and of thefe two kinds are |

i moft Pargers, But thofe that moue Vrine, arc fuch, as are well digefted

of the Stomacke, and well receiued allo ot the Me/fentery Veines ; So they

comeasfarreas the Liaer, which fendcth Vrine to the Bladder, as the

Whey of Blowd: And thofe Medicines being Opening and Piercing, doe

‘fortifie the Operation of the Liser, in fending downe the wheyey Part

,of the B'oud to the Reines. For Medicines Vrinative doé not worke by Re-
iection, and Indigeftion, as Solwtive doe,

44 There be divers Medicines, which in greater Owantitie, Mouc Stoole, |
and in fmaller, Vrine: And {0 contrariwife, fome that in greater Quan-
tity, moue Vrine,and in Smaller, Stoole, Of the former fort is Rubarb,and
fome others, TheCanfe is, for that Rubarb isa Medicine, which the Sto-
macke in a {mall Quantity doth digeft,and ouercome, (being not Flatu-
ous, nor Loathfome ; ) and fo fendeth it to the Adcfentery Veines; And

‘fo being opening, ithelpeth downe Prine: But ina greater Quantitie,
| the

oo —— or

\
}
|

Century. I.

the Stomacke cannot ouercome it, and fo it goeth to the Gwrs. Pepper by
fome ot the Ancients is noted robeof the fecond fort; which being in
fal) Qwantitie, moueth wind inthe Stomacke and Guts, and fo expel-
leth by Séoole; But being ingreater Qaantitze, diffipateth the Wind;And
itfelte gerreth to the Mefentery veines ; And {c tothe Liwer, and Reines ;
where, by Heating and Opening, it {endeth downe rine more plen-

tifully.

V E haue fpoken of Ewacuating of the Bodie; we will now fpeake
fomething of the Falling of it by Reforatines in Confamptions, and
Emaciating Difeafes. In Vegetables, there is one partthat 1s more Nou-
rifhiag than another; As Graimes, and Roots nourifh more, than the
Leaues ; Info muchas the Order of the Foltataneswas put downe by the

| Pépe, as finding Leaues vnable to Nourifh Mans Body. Whether there
be chat diderence in the Flefh of Léwing Creatures, is not well inquired :
As wirether Zisers, and other Etrasles, be not more Nourifhing, than
| the Outward Fle/h, We finde that amongft the Romans, a Goofes Liner
was a great Delicacy; In fo much as they had Artificiall Meanes to
make it faire, and great; But whether it were more Nourifhing, appea-
rethnot. [cis certaine, that Marrow is more Nourishing than Fat, And
Iconceiue that fome Decoétion of Bones, aud Sinewes, ftamped, and
well trained, would be a very Nowrifhing Broth: \Wee finde alfo that
Scotch Skincke, (which isa Pottage of {trong Nourifhmenr, ) is made

! with the Knees, and Simewes of Beefe: but long boiled : Jelly alfo, which
they vfe for a Reftoratiue, is chiefly made of Kwuckles of Veale. The
Palpe that is within the Craffh or Crabb, which they {pice and butter, is
more Nourifhing than the Fle/h of the Crabb or Crafi/h. The Yolkes of
Eeges are clearely more Nourifhing than the Whites, So that it fhould
feeme, thatthe Parts of Liwing Creatures, that lye more Inwards, nou-
rifh more than the Outward Flefh: Exceprit be the Braine ; which the
Spirit prey too much vpon,to leaue it any great Vertue of Nourifhing,
It feemeth for the Nourifhing of Aged Men, or Men in Confumpti-

| fore it be put into ehe Stomacke.

trea,and a little Mace, Cut off the Shanckes,and throw them away.Then
with a good {trong Chopping-knife, mince the two Capos, bones and
all,as {mall as ordinary Minced Meat; Put them into a large neat Boul-
ter; Then take a Kilderkin, feet, and well feafoned of foure gallons of
Becre,of 8.8. ftrength, newas it commeth from the Tunning ; Make
in the Kilderkin a great Bung-hole of purpofe: Then thruft intoit, the
Boulter (in which the Capons are) drawne out in length; Let itfteepe in
it three Dayes, arid three’ Nights, the Bung-hole open,to worke ; Then

| elofe the Bung-hole, and fo let incontinue, a Day anda halfe ; a
28 raw

pres _!

ons, fome fuch thing fhould be Deuifed, as fhould be halfe Chylws, be- |

Experiments

in Confort, tou-

ching Meats
and Drinks th:
are mo/t Nou-
rifling.

45

at

48

49

§°

51

Naturall Histors: |

|

Roots, or the Pith of Artichoakes, which are nourifhing Meats: It may |
be tried alfo, with other ficth; As Phefant, Partridge, Young Porke, Pigge, |
Venifon, c{pecially of young Deere, &c.

A Mortreffe made with the Brawne of Capons, {tamped, and ftrained,
and mingled (after itis made) with like quantitie, (at cheleaft,) of Al- |

mond Butter; is an excellent Meat to Nourifh thofe that are weake; Ber- |

ter than Blanc-Manjar, or Jelly: And fo is the Callice of Cackes, boyled |
thicke with the like Mixture of Almond Butter: For the Mortrefe,orCul- |
lice, of it felfe, is more Sauoury and {trong ; And not fo fit for Nourif- |
ing of weake Bodies ; But the Almonds that are not of fo higha tafte as
Flefb, doe excellently qualifie it,

Indian Maix hath (of certaine) an excellent Spirit of Nourifhmenr;
But itmuft be thorowly boyled, and made into.a Mai%-Creame like a
Barley Creame.\ iudge the fame of Rze, made into a Creame ; For Rize
is in Zurky, and other Countries of the Eaft,moft fed vpon But it mut
be thorowly boyled in refpeé of the Hardnefle of it : And alfo becaufe
otherwile it bindeth the Body too much.

Piftachoes, fo they be geod, and not muftie, ioyned with Almonds in |
Almond Milke ; Or made intoa Milke ofthemfelues, like vnto Almond
Milke, but more greene, are an excellent Nourifher, But you fhall doe |
well, to adde a little Génger, {craped, becaufe they arc not without fame
fabtill windineffe,

Milke warme from the Cow, is found to bea great Nourifher, anda |
good Remedie in Confwmptions: But then you mutt put into it, when
you milke the Cow, two little bagges ; the one of Powder of Aint, the
other of Powder of Red Rofes; For they keepe the Milke fomewhat
from Turning, or Crudling in the ftomacke; And put in Sugar alfo,
for the fame caufe,and partly for the T aftes fake ; Bur you mutt drinke
a good draught that it may ftay lefle time in the ftomacke, left it Crud-
dle: And letthe Cup into which you milke the Cow, be fet ina greater,
Cup of hot water, that you may takeit warme. And Cow-melke thus
prepared, I iudge to be better for a Confumption, than A/fe-milke,which
(it is true) curneth not fo eafily but it isa little harrifh; Marry it is more
proper for Sharpnefle of Vrine, and Exulceration of the Bladder, and
all manner of Lenifyings. Womans milke likewifeis prefcribed,when all
faile; but 1 commend it not; as being alittletoo neere the! a of

ans

—— —

= ae

Century. 1.

Mans Bodie, to bea good Nourifher; Except it be in Jafants,to whom
it is Naturall,

Oyle of Sweet Almonds, newly drawne, with Sagar, anda little Spice,
fpread vpon Bread tofted, is an Excellent Nourifher; But then to keepe
the Oyle from frying in the Sromacke, you muftdrinke a good draught
of Milde Beere after it; And to keepe it from relaxing the Sromack too |
much, you muft put in a little Powder of Cinnamon,

The Tolkes of Egges are of themfelues fo well prepared by Nature for |
Nourifhment; As (fothey be Potched, or Reare boiled) they need no
other Preparation, or Mixture ; yet they may be takenalforaw, when
they are new laid, with Malme/ey, or Sweet wine ; You thall doe well ro
put in fome few Slices of Eryngium Roots, and alittle Amber-grices Por
by this meanes, befides the immediate Facultie of Nourifhment, fiuch |
Drinke will ftrengthen the Backe ; So that it will not draw downe
the Vrine too faft ; For too much Prine doth alwayes hinder Nou-
riihmenr,

Mincing of meat,as in Pies, and battered Minced Meat, {aueth the Grin-
ding of the Fecth; And therefore, (no doubr) it is more Nourifhing ;
Efpecially in Age; Orto them that haue weake Teeth 3 Bur the Butter
isnot fo proper for weake Bodies; And therefore it were good to moi-
ften it witha little Claret wine, Pill of Lemon, or Orenge, cut {mall, Sagar,
and a very little Cisamon, or Nutmegg. As for Chuets, whichare like-
wife minced Meat, in {tead of Butter, and Fat, it were good to moiften
them, partly with Creame, or Almond, or Piftacho milke;or Barly, or Maiz
Creame; Adding alittle Coréander Seed, and Carraway Seed, anda very
little Safrom. The more full Handling of Alimentation we referue to the
due place.

Wee haue hitherto handled the Particulars which yeeld beft, and eafie/t,
and plentifullef? Noarifbment ; Andnow we will peake of the be/t Mcanes
of Conueving, ana Conuerting the Nowrifbasent.

The Firft Meanes 1s, to procure that the Nowri(bmept may not be rob-

|

bed, and drawne away 5 wherein that, which we hauealready faid, is |

very Materiall; To prouide, that the Reémes draw not too ftrongly an |
ouer-great Part of the Blowd into Vrine, To this adde that Precept of 1- |
riffotle, that Wine be forborne in all Com/wmptions ; For that the Spirits of
the Wine, doe prey vpon the Rofcide Iuyce of the Body, and inter-com- |
mon with che Spirits of the Body, and fo deceiueand rob them of their !
Nourifhment, And therefore if the Cou/amption growing from the |
weaknefle of the Stcomacke, doe force you to vie Wine; let it alwayes be
burnt,that the Quicker Spirits may euaporate ; or atthe leaft quenched
with two little wedges of Gold, fix or feuen times repeated. Addealfo
this Prouifion, That there be not ton much Expeuce of the Nowrs/hment,
by Exhaling,and Sweating : And therefore if the Patient be apt to fwear,
it mult be gently reftrained. But chiefly Hippocrates Rule is tobe fol-
lowed; who aduifeth quite contrary'to that which lis in vie: Namely,
thatthe Zianen, or Garmsent next the Fleth, be in Winter drie, and oft
changed ;

53

54

55

56

LOL tr te

N aturall History:

changed; And in Sommer feldome changed, and fmeared ouer with |
Oyle; For certaineit is, that any Subftance thatis fat, doth a little fill |
the Pores of the Body, and ftay Swear, in fome Degree. But the more
cleanly way is, to haue the Linmen {meared lightly ouer, with Ojle of
Sweet Almonds; And notto forbeare fhifting as oftas is hr.

The Second Meanes is, tofend forth the Nosrifhment into the Parts,

| more ftrongly ; For which, the working mutt be by Strengthening of the

Stomack ; And in this,becaufe the Stomack is chiefly comforted by Wine,
and Hot things, which otherwife hurt} itis good torefort to Outwara
Applications to the Stomack : VV herein it hath beene tried ,that the Quilts
of Rofes, Spices, Adaflick, Worme-wood, Mint,&c, ate nothing fo helptull,
asto take aCake of New bread, and to bedew it with alittle Sack,or Ale-
gant; And to dric it; And after it be dried alittle before the Fire, to put
it within a cleane Napkin, and te Jay itto the Stomacke: For it is cers
taine, that all Flower hath a potent Vertue of Afriction; In fo muchas
it hardnetha peece of fleth,or a Flower,that is laid in it : And therefore
a Bagge quilted with Bran,is likewife very good ; but it drieth fomewhat
too much ; and therefore it muft not lye long.
The third Meanes (which may be a Branchoftheformer) is to fend
forth the Nowrifoment the better by Sleeve. For we fee, that Beares, and
other Creatures that fleepe in the Winter, wax exceeding fat: And cer-
taine it is,(as it is commonly beleeued)that Sleepe doth Nourifh much;
Both for that the Spirits do leffe fpend the Nourifhmentin Sleepe,then
when liuing Creatures are awake:And becaufe (that which is to the pre-
fent purpofe) it helpeth to thruft our the Nourifhment into the Parts,
Therefore in Aged men, and weake Bodies, and fuch as abound not
with Choller, a fhort Sleepe after dinner doth helpe to Nourith ; For in
fuch Bodies there is no feare ofan ouer-haftic Difgeftion, which is the

_ | Inconuenience of Poftmeridian Sleepes, Sleepe allo in the Morning, af- |

ter the taking of fomewhat of eafie Digeftions As Milke from the Cow, !
Nourifhing Broth,or the likesdoth further Nourifhmenr: But this would ,
bedone,fitcing vpright,that the Milke or Broth may paflethe more {pce-
dily to the bottome of the Stomacke, | p
The Fourth Aeanes is to prouide that the Parts them{clues may
draw to them the Nourifhment ftrengly. There is an Excellent Obfer-
uation of Ariffotle; That a great Reafon,why Plants (fome of them)are
of greater Age, than Liming Creatures,is, for that they yearely put forth
new Leaues, and Boughes ; whereas Liwing Creatures put forth (after
their Period of Growth,) nothing that is young,but Haire and Nailes;
which are Excrements,and no Parts.And it is moft certaine,that what-
foeuer is young, doth draw Nourifhment better, than that which is
Old; And then (that whichis the Myftery ofthat Obferuation) young
Boughes, and Leaes, calling the Sap vp to them ; the fame Nourifheth
the Body, inthe Paflage, And this we fee notably proued alfo, in that
the oft Cutting, or Polling of Hedges, Trees, and Herbs, doth conduce
much to their-Lafting. Transferre therefore this Obferuation to the
Helping

= = —T = eel ee ee

Century. I. Vg 9

Helping of Nourifhment in Lising Creatures : The Nobleft and Princi-
pall Vfe whereof is, for the Prolongation of Life; Re/fauration of fome
Degree of Youth ; and Jmteneration of the Parts: For certaine it is, that
there are in Liwing Creatures Parts that Nourifh,and Repaire eafily;And
Parts that Nourifh and repaire hardly, And you muft refrefh, and re-
new thofe that are eafic to Nouri(h, that the other may be refrefhed,
and (as it were) Drinke in Nourifhment, inthe Paflage. Now we fee
that Draught Oxen,put into good Paiture, recouer the Flefh of yonng
Beefe ; And Men after long Emaciating Diets, wax plumpe, and far,
and almoft New: So that you may furely conclude, thae the frequent
and wife Vie of thofe Ewssciating Diets, and of Pargings; And perhaps
of fome kind of Bleeding ; isa principall Meanes of Prolongation of Life;
and Refforing fome Degree of Yosh - Foras wehaue often faid, Death
commeth vpon Liming Creatures like the Torment of Mezentine ;
Mortua quinetiam iungebat Corpora vinis,
Componens Mawibu/g, Manus, at g Oribus Ora.

For the Parts in Mans Body cafily reparable(as Spirits, Blowd,and Fle/h)
dic in the Embracement ofthe Parts hardly reparable(as Bones, Nerwes,
and Membrawes;) And likewife fome Entrails (which they reckon a-
mongft the Spermaticall Parts) are hard to repaire: Though that Diui-
fion of Sperzmatical, and Menffrwall Parts, be but a Conceit, And this
fame 05/erustion alfo may be drawne to the prefent purpofe of Nou.
rifhing Emaciated Bodies: And therefore Gentle Frication draweth
forth the Nourifhment, by making the Partsalittle hungry, and hea-
ting them; whereby they call forth Nourifhment the better, This Fri-
cation I with to be done in the Morning. It is alfo beft done by the
Hand,or a pecce of Scarlet Woollwera little with Gile of Almonds, ming-
led witha finall Quantity of Bay-/alt, or Saffrow, We fec that the very
Currying of Horfes doth make them fat, and in good liking,

The Fitth Meanes is, to further the very A of Afimilation of Now- 59
rilbment , which is done by fome outward Emollients, thacmake the
Parts more apyto A/similate. For which Ihaue compounded an Oint-
ment of Excelicttt Odour, which I call Roma Ointesent, vide the Receit,
Thevfe of it would be betweene Sleepes ; For in the latter Sleepe the
Parts Affimilate chiefly.

Tie be many Medicines, which by themfelues would doe no Cure, | Experiment
but perhaps Hurt; but being applied in a certaine Order, one after apap naa

another doe great Cures, [haue tried (my felfe) a Remedy tor the Gout, | sredtinale
which hth feldome failed, but driven it away in24. Houres f{pace: It 60

is firft coapplya Palta/fe, of which vide the Receit; And thena Bathor

Fomentation,of which vide the Receit; And thena Plaifter, vide the Re-

ceit. he Pultafferclaxeth the Pores,and maketh the Humour apt to Ex-

hale. The Fementation calleth forth the Humour by Vapours; But yet

in regard of the way made by the Palsa/e, Draweth gently ; And there-

fore draweth the Humour out; and dothnot draw moreto it; For ie
. is

20 NX aturall History:

is a Gentle Fomentation, and hath withall a Mixture (though very little) |
of fome Stupefactine. The Plaiffer is a Moderate Aftringent Plaifter,
which repelleth New Humour from falling, The Paltafe alone would
make the Part more foft,and weakes And apter to take the Defluxion
and Impreffion of the Humour. The Fomentation alone, ifit were too
weake, without way made by the Palta//e,would draw forth littlesIftoo
ftrong, it would draw to the Part, as wellas dsaw from it. The Plaiffer
alone, would pen the Humour already contained in the Part, and fo
exafperare it,as well as forbid new Humour, Therefore they mutt be all
taken in Order, as is faid. The Pultafe is to be laid to fortwoorthree
Houres : The Fomentation for a Quarter ofan Houre, or fomewhat bet-
ter, being vfed hot, and feuen or eight timesrepeated: The Plasffer to
centinue on itll, till che Part be well confirmed.

| Experiment T Hereis a fecret Way of Cure (vnpractized;) By A/faetude of that
sie bat which in it felfe hurteth,Poi/ons haue bin made,by fome,Familiar,
Cufore. ashathbeenefaid, Ordinary keepers of the Sicke of the Plague, are {el-
61 dome infected. Enduring of Torture,by Cu/tome,hath beene made more
cafie: The Brookiag of Enormous Quantity of Meats, and{o of Wemeor
Strong Drinke, hath beene, by Cuffome, made tobe withont Sarfet, or
Drunkenneffe. And generally Défeafes that are Chromicall, as Coughes,
Phebifickes, {ome kinds of Palfeyes, Luwacies, &c, are moft dangerous
atthe firft: Therefore a wife Phy/itias will confider whether a Di/éa/er
be Incurable ; Or whether the Iuft Cure of it be not full of perill ; And
ifhee finde it to bee fuch, let him refort to Palliation; And alleuiate
the Symptome, without bufying himfelfe too much with the perfeé
Care: And many times, (if the Patéent be indeed patient) that Courfe
will exceed all Expeétation,. Likewife the Patient him{elfe may ftriue,
by little and little, to Quercome the Syeptome,in the Exacerbation,and

fo, by time, turne Suffering into Nature,

Experiment Dr: Difeafes, efpecially Chronicall (fuch as Quartan Agues;) are
— ent fometimes cured by Swrfet,and Exce/fes; As E@ fe of Meat, Ex-
pa a ceffe of Drinke,Extraordinary Fafting,Extraerdinary Stérring,or Lafitude,
62 and the like, The Caufe is, for that Di/ea/és of Continuance get an Ad-
uentitious Strength from Cuftome, befides their Materiall Caufe from
the Humours : So that the Breaking of the Cu/feme doth leaue them only
to their firftCawfe; which ifitbe any thing weake will fall off: Befides,
fuch Exedfes do Excite and Spur Watwre, which thereupon rifeth more

forcibly againft the Difea/e,

Experiment T= is in the Body of Mana great Cea(ent in the Motion of the {e-
j Seleary too uerall Parts. We fee, itis Childrens fport, te proue whether they
Sa et ca. (can tub vpon their Breft with onc hand, and pat vpon their Fore-head
feat, with anothers And ftraight-waies, they thall fometimes rub with both
63 | Hands, or patwith both hands, We fee, that when the Spirits, that
cométo the Nofthrils, expella bad Sent, the Stomach is ready te Ex- |

pell

OE RE EE ES EE aaa SOC OEE RTE
Century. h 21

pell by Vomit. We finde that in Con/umptions of the Lungs, when Na-

ture cannot expell by Cowgh, Men fall into Fluxes of the Belly, and chen

they die. Soin Pefilest Difeafes, if they cannotbe expelled by Swear,

they fall likewife into Loofeneffe,and that is commonly Mortal, There-

fore Phy/itians (hould ingenioufly contriue,how by Motions that are in

their Pewer,they may excite Jeward Motions that are not in their Power,

by Con/ent : As by the Stench of Feathers,or the like, they cure the Rifing

ofthe Mother,

- - : = Jit ~
rifme. [timporteth,that Difeafes,contrary to the Complexion, Age, Bingewese

Sex, Seafon of the yeere, Diet, 8c, aremore dangerous, than thofe that | Difeaésmbich
are Concurrent. A man would thinke it fhould be otherwife; For that, Predipaficon
when the Accident of Sickneffe, andthe Naturall Difpofition, doe fecond 6 '
the one the other, the Difesfe fhould be more forcible: And fo (no 4
doubt) itis; if you fuppofe like Quantity of Matter, But that, which

maketh good the Aphori/me,is ; Becaufe {uch Difeafes doe fhew a grea-

ter Collection of Matter,by that they areable to overcome thofe Nat#rall

Jaclinations to the Contrary, And therefore in Difeafes of that kinde,

let the Phy/itiaw apply himfelfe more to Purgation, than to Alteration ;

Becaufe the Offence is in the Quantity ; and the Qualisies are rectified of
themfelues.

paige Aphorifme, In Morbis minus, is a good profound Apho- | Experiment

»

P Hy/fitians doe wifely preferibe, that there be Preparatiues vfed before | Experiment
Iuff Purgations; For certaine it is, that Pargers do¢ many times peas huasy ;
great Hurt, if the Body benot accommodated, both before and after | sims Belo
the Purging. The Hurt that they doe,for want of Preparation before Par- Purging, and
ging, is by the Sticking of the Humours, and their sot comming faire esfehncr is
away; Which caufeth in the Body great Perturbations, and ill Acci- 65
dents, during the Purging; And alfo, the diminifhing, and dulling
of the Working of the Medicine it felfe, that it purgeth nor fuifficiently,
Therefore the weyke of Preparationis double; To make the Hamears
fiside, and mature ; An to make the Pa/Jages more open: For both
thofe helpe to make the Humours paffe readily. And for the former of
thefe, Sirraps are moft profitable; And for the Latter, spoZwmes, or
Preparing Broths, ; Clijfers alfo helpe, left the Medicine ftop in the Guts,
and worke pripingly, But itis rrue,that Bodies abeunding with Humours;
And fat Bodies, And Open weather , are Preparatives in themf{elues ; be-
caufe they make the Humours more fluide, Butleta Phy/itsam beware,
how he purge after hard Froffy Weather, and in a Leawe Body, without
Preparatios. For the Hurt, thatthcy may doeafter Purging ; It is cau-
fed by the Lodging of fome Humours in ill Places: For it is certaine, that
there be Humours, which fomewhere placed in the Body, are quiet, and |
doc little hurt; In other Places (cfpecially Paffages) doc mpch mif- |
chiefe. Therefore it is good, after Purging, to vfe Apozwmes, and Broths, |
not fo much Opening as thofe vfed before Purging, but Abfterfise and }
C2 Mundifying

22. Naturall Hiflory:

Mundifying Clifters alfo are good to conclude with, to draw away the
Reliques of the Humours, that may have defcended to the Lower Re-

gion of the Body.
Experiment Loud is ftanched diuers waies. Firft by sftringents, and Repercuf-
0 y aprimg
eg sok fiue Medicines. Secondly, by Drawing of the Spirits and Blowd in-

ing of Bloud. | spards ; whichis done by Cold; As Jron, or a Stowe laid to the neck doth
66 ftanch the Bleeding at the Nofe; Alfo it hath beene tried,that the Te/#-
cles, being put into fharpe Vinegar, hath made a fudden Receffe of the
Spirits, and ftanched Bloud, Thirdly, by the Rece/fe of the Bloud by
Sympathy. So it hath beene tried, that the part that bicederh, being
thruft into the Body of a Capon, or Sheepe, new ript and bleeding,
hath ftanched Blowd; The Blowd, as it feemeth, fucking and drawing
vp, by fimilitude of fubftance, the B/owd it meeteth with, and fo it felfe
going backe. Fourthly by Cuftome aad Time; So the Prince of As-
range, in his firft hurt,by the Spani/b Boy, could find no meanes to ftanch
the Blowd,cither by Medicine or Ligament ; but was faine to haue the Ori-
fice of the Wound topped by Mens Thumbs, {ucceeding one another, for
‘the fpaceat leaft oftwo Daies; And at the laf the bloud by Ca/tome
only retired, There isa fifth Way alfo in vfe, to let Blowdin an Aduerfé
Part, for a Revulfion, ‘

Experiment UZ helpeth, both in Medicine, and Aliment, to Change and not to con-
Solitary tou- F tinue the fame Afedicowe,and Aliment {till The Caufe is,for that Natsre
ching Comte *"| by continual ¥fe ofany Thing, groweth toa Saciety, and Dwlne(fé, ei-
Medicines. ther of Appetite, or Working. And we fee that 4//uetude of Things Hurt-
67 folldoth make them leefe their force to Hurt;As Poifon,which with vie
{ome haue brought themfelues to brooke, And therefore it is ne mar-
uell, though Things helpfull, by Cu/tome, \cefe their force to Helpe. I
count Jstermiffion almoft the fame thing with Change , For that, that

hath beene intermitted, is after a fort new,

Experiment [i is found by Experience, that in Diets of Gasiacas, Sarza, and the
opments aa like (cfpecially if they be ftriét) the Paséent is more troubled in the be-
chingDielss | Dinning, than after continuances which hath made fome of the more
68 delicate Sort of patients, giue them ouer in the middeft; Suppofing
that if thofe Diets trouble them fo muchat firft, they fhall not beable

to endure them to the End, But the Caufe is, for that all thofe Diets.dae

dry vp Hamers, Rheames, and the like; And they cannot Drie vp vatill

they haue firftattenuated ; And while the Hwmesris attcnuated, it is

more Fluid, than it was before, and troubleth the Body a great deale

more, vntill it be dried yp,and confumed, And therefore Patients muft

‘expe adue time, and not checke at themat the firft,

Experiments

in Conf ‘ } ;
touching the | _ Lhe Producing of Cold is a thing very worthy the Inqui-
Produciiwn of

any fition ; both for Vie, and Difclofure of Caufes. For Heat and
Cold

'—_—_------

Century. 1. | 23

| Cold are Natures two Hands, whereby fhee chiefly worketh :
And Heat we haucin readinefle, in refpect of the Fire; Bur
for Cold we mult {tay til! ic commeth ; or feeke it in deepe
Caues,or high Muuntaines: And when all is done, we cannot
obiaine it in any gteat degree: For Furnaces of Fire are farre
hotter, thana Summers Sunne; But Vaalts, or Hils are not |
much Colder than a!¥inters Frof?.
The ficlt Ateanes of Producing Cold, is that which Nature prefenteth
vs withall; Namely the Expiring of Cold outof the Zaward Parts of the |
| Earth in Winter when the Sun hath no power to ouercome it; the Earth |
| being (as hath been noted by fome) Primm Frigsdem, This hath beene
afferted, as well by Ancient as by Moderne Philofophers: Ic was the Te.
net of Parmienides. [twas the opinion of the Asther of the difcourfe in |
| Platarch (for I take it that Booke was not Plwtarchs owne) De primo Fri-
| gido. It was the opinion of Tele/ius, who hath renewed the Philofophy
| of Parmenides, and is the beft of the Noselli/s.
| The Second Cau/e of Cold is the Contact of Cold Bodies; For Coldis} 30
' Actiue and Tranfitiue into Bodies Adiacent, as wellas Heat: whichis |
| feene in thofe things that. are touched with Snow or Cold water, And |
| therefore, whofoeuer will bean Jnqairer into Nature, let him refort to
a Conferuatory of Snow and Jce;Suchas they vfe for delicacy, to coole
Wine inSummer: Which is a Poore and Contemprible vic, in refpect
of other vfes, that may be made of fuch Cow/erwatories,
The Third Can/e is the Primary Nature ofall Tangsble bodies: For itis 71
well tobe nered, that all Things whatfoeuer (Tangible) are of chem-
felues Cold; Exceptthey haue an Acceflory Heat by fire; Life; or Mo-
tion : For euen the Spirit of Wine, or Chymicall Orles, which are fo hot in
Operation, areto the firft Touch Cold; And Aire it felfe comprefied,
and Condenfed a little by blowing, is Cold. ,
The Fourth Cau/e is the Den/ity of the Body; For all Denfe Bodies are 72
Colder than moft other Bodies; As Metals, Stone,Glaffe; And they are lon-
ger in Heating fs Softer Bodies, And it is certaine, that Earth, Den/e,
Tangible, hold al! of the Nature of Cold, The Caufe is, for that al!
| Matters T: angible being Cold, it muft needs follow, that where the Mat-
| ter is mott Congregate, the Cold is the greater,
| The Fifth Caufe of Cold, or rather of increafe and vehemence of 73
Cold, is a Quicke Spirit inclofedin Cold Body : As willappeare to any that |
fhall atrentiuely confider of Watwre in many Inftances. We fee Nitre
(which hath a Ouicke Spirit) is Cold ; more Cola to the Tongue, than a
Stone; So Water 1s Colder than Oile,becaufe it hath 4 Quicker Spirits For
all oile,though it hath the Tangible Parts better digfted than Water,yet
| hath ita duller spirit: So Snow is Colder than Water,becaufe it hath more
Spirit within it; So we fee that Sale put to Ze(as in the producing of the
Artifirall ce) increafeth the Adiwity of Cold:So fome /nfec#e which hauc
| : C3 Spirit
eee ee eee

69

ee

Naturall Hiflory:

Spirit of Life, as Snakes, and Sikewormes, are, to the touch, Cold, So
| Quick-filuer is che Coldeft of Metals, becaufe it is fulle/t of Spirit.
The Sixth Cau/e ot Cold is the Chafing and Driwing away of Spirits, {uch

74 ashaue fome Degree of Heat : For the Banifhing of the Heat muftneeds
leauc any Body Cold, This we {ce in the Operation of Opinm, and Stw-
pefactines,vpon the Spirts of living Creatures: And itwere not amiffe
to try Opium, by laying it vpon the T op of a beather-glaffe, to fee whe-
ther ic will contract the Aire: ButI doubt it will notfucceed : For be-
fides that the vertue of Opiam will hardly penetrate thorow fuch a Bo-
dy as Glafle, I conceiue that Opiwm, and the like, make the Sperits flic
rather by Malignity, than by Cold,
75 Seuenthly, rhe fame Effect muft follow vpon the Exhaling or Draw-

ing out of the warme Spirits, that doth vpon the Flight of the Spirits.
Thereis an Opinion, that the Moone is Magneticall of Heat, as the San
isof Cold and Moiffure : It were not amiffe therefore to try it, with
Warme waters; The one expofed to the Beames of the Moone ; the other
with fome Skreene betwixt the Beames of the A¢oone and the Water; As
we vie to the Saune for Shades And to fee whether the former will
coolefooner, And it were alfe good to enquire, what other Mcanes
there may be,to draw forth the Exile best, which isin the Aire ; for that
may be a Secret of great Power to Produce Cold weather,

F

Experiments We hauc formerly fer downe the Meanes of turning Aires
in Confort 1 . , vere g
touching the | into ‘water, 10 the Experiment 27. But becaufe it is Magnale.
nape Nature , And tendeth tothe fubduing ofa very great effect;
of Aireinto Was | Wy dis alfo of Manifold vfe; we will addefome Inflances in
ter. 5 1

Confort that giue light thereunto. |

76 Iris reported by fome of the Ancients, that Sailers haue vfed, euery
| Night, to hang Fleeces of wooll on the fides of their Ships, the Wooll to-
| wards the water; And thatchcy haue eruthed freth Water ourofthem,
| inthe Morning, fortheirvfe. And thus much wee haue tried, that a
Quantity of Wooll tied loofe together, being ler downe into a deepe
Well, And hanging in the Adiddle, fome three Fathomé from the wa-
| cer, for anight,ti che Winter time; increafedin weight, (as I now re-
member) toa fifth Part.
It is reported by one of the Ancients, thatin Lydia, neere Pergamus,
there were certaine Work-mem, in time of Warres, fled into Cases; And
_ the Mouth of the Canes being Rtopped by the Enemies, they were fami-
fhed, But long timeafter the dead Bones werefound; And fome Vet
fels which they had carried with them; And the veffels full of Water ;
And that Water, thicker, and more towards Ice, than Common Water :
which is a Notable Inftance of Condenfation, and Indwration, by Baréall
under Earth, (in Caues) for long time ; And of verfiesalfo (as it fhould
| feeme) of Aire into Water ; if any of thofe veffcls were Emptic. Trie
therefore a {mall Bladder hung in Snow; And the like in Nstres And the
like

~~
NI

——— EE
i EEE ee
.

(Century. 1.

like in Quick-/ilwer : And ifyou finde the Bladders fallen, or fhrunke;you
may be dure the Aire is condenfed by the Cold of thofe Bodies; As it
would be ina Caue vnder Earth,

Ir is reported of very good credit, that in the Ea/t Indies, if you fera
Tub of Water open, in a Roomewhere Clowes are kept, ic will be drawne
drie in foure and rwenty houres; Though it ftand at fome diftance from
the Clowes, Inthe Countrey, they vf many times, in deceit,when their |
wooll is new fhorne, to fer fome Pailes of Water by, in the fame Reome; |
to increafe the weight of the wooll : But it may be, thatthe Heat of the |
wool, remaining from the body of the Sheepe; or the Heat gathered |
by the lying clofe ofthe weell, helpeth to draw the watry Vapour; But |
thar is acthing to the Verfion, : |
It is Reported alfo credibly, that wooll new fhorne, being laid cafu- |
ally vpon a Veffell of Veriuyce, after fome time, had drunke vp a great
part of the Yertuyce, though the Veflell were whole without any Flay, |
and had notthe Bung-hole open, In this Ja/fance, there is (vpon the by) |
to be noted, the Percolation, or Suing of the Veriuyce thorow the wooe ;
For Veriayee ot it felfe would neuer haue p:ffed therow the wood:So as, |
jitfeemech, it muff be firftin a kinde of Vapour, befure it paftc.

It is efpecially to be nored, thatthe Caufe, that doth facilitate the
Verfion of Aire into Water, when the Azre is notin grof{2, but fubti ly
mingled with Tangzble Bodies, is, (as hath beene partly touched betore,)
for chat Tamgible Bodies haue an Antipathy with Aire; And i/ chey finde
any Liquid Body, that is more denfe,ncare them,they will draw it: And
afrer they haue drawnc it, they will conden{e ir more, and in cffe@ in-
corporate it; For we fee that a Spange, or wool, or Sugar, ora woollen
cloth, being put but in part, in Water, or Wine, will draw the Liquor
higher, and beyond the place, where the Water or Wine commoeth. We
fee alfo, that Wood, Lute-/trings, and the like, doc {well in moiff Seafans :
As appeareth by the Breakeng of the Strings, the Hard Turning of the |
Pegs,and the Hard drawine forth of Bexes,and Opening of Weinfcot doores;
which isa kinde of Jnfufion: Aud is much like to an /mfufion in water,
which will make wood to fwell: As we fee in the Filling of the Chops |
of Boules, by laying them in water. But tor that part of thefe Experi- |
ments, which concerneth Atéraction; we will referue it to the proper 7z-
tle of Attraétion,

There is alfo a Ver/iow of Aire into water, {eene in the Sweating of Mar-
bles, and other Stowes, And of Wainfcot before and in moift weather:
This mutt be,eicher by fome Moiffure the Body yeeldeth; Orelfe by the |
Mbift Aire thickned againft the hard body Bur itis plaine, that itis the |
‘latter ; For that we {ee Wood pasted with Oyle Colowr, will fooner gather |
droppesina moift Night, than Wood alone: which is caufed by the |
Smoothneffe and Clofenefle ; which lerteth in no parr of the Vapour,
and fo turneth it backe, and thickeneth ir into Dew, We feealfo, that |
Breathing vpon a Gla{fe, ot Smooth body, giuerh a Dew; And in Frofy
Mernings({ach as we call Rime frofts)you fhall finde drops of Dew vpon

the

ee ee NN eens eee

———______

78

79

fe)

Sr

"26

82

| Experiments

| touching Indu-
vation of Bodies.

ee

Natural History:

Moift vapours Condenfed; The Dew, by the Cold only of the Sunhes
departure, which is the gentler Cold ; Raines, by the Cold of that, which

they call the Atiddle Regién of the Aire; which is the more violent
Cold.

It is very probable (as hath beene touched) that that, which will
turne Water into Jce,will likewife turne Aire Some Degree nearer vnto
Water. Therefore trie the Experiment of the Artificéall Turning water into
Tee (whereof we thall fpeake in another place)with Aire in place of Wa-
ser, and the Jce about ir, Andalthough itbe a greater Alteration to
turne Asre into Water, than Water into Ice: yet there is this Hope, that
by Continuing the Aire longer time, the effe& will follow ; For that
Artificiall Conwerfion of Hater into Ice, is the worke of a few Houres;
And this of Aire may be tried by a Moneths fpace, or the like,

Induration, or Lapidification, of Subftances more foft, is
likewife another degree of Condenfation; And is a great Altera-
tion in Nature. The Effecting and Accelerating thereof is very
worthy to beinquired. It is effeéted by three Meanes. The
firft is by Cold ; whofe Property is to (onden/e,and conltipate,
ashath beenefaid. The Second is by Heat ; whichis not pro-
per, but by confequence ; For the Heat doth attenuate; And
by Attenuation doth fend forth the Spirit and moifter Part of
a Body;And vpon that,the more grofle of the Tangible Parts
doe contract and ferre themfelues together ; Both to Auoid
Vacuum (asthey call it; ) And alfo to Munite themfelues a-
gain{t the Force of the Fire, which they haue fuffered. And |
the Third is by 4(imilation ; when a Hard Body Aflimilateth
a Sofr, being contiguous to it.

| The Examples of Induration, taking them promifcuoufly,

‘are many: As the Generation of Stones within the Earth,

\which at the fir are but Rude Earth, or Clay: And fo of Mi-
\neralls, which come (no doubt) at firlt, of Iuyces Concrete,
which afterward indurate: And fo of Porcellane, which is an
Artificial (ement, buried in the eartha long time: And fo the
Making of Bricke,and Tile: Alfo the Making of Glaffe, of a
certaine Sand, and Brake-Roots, and fomeother Matters: Al-

fo the Exudations of Rock-Diamonds, and (ry/tall, which har-

en
Sere ies LD |p DEN *

| Century. I.

den with time: Alfo the Induration of Bead-Amber, which at
firft is a foft Subftance ; As appeareth by the Flies, and Si-
ders, which are foundinit; And many more: But wee will

{peake of them diftinétly.

For Jndurations by Cold, there be few Trialls of it; For we haueno
ftrong or intenfe Cold here on the Surface of the Earth, fo neare the
Beames of the Sunne, and the Heauens, The likelieft Triall is by Snow,
aud Ice; For as Snow and /ce, efpecially being holpen, and their Cold
actiuated by Nétre, or Salt, will turne Water into Ice, and that in a few
houres ; So it may be, it will cume Wood,or Stiffe Clay, into Stone, in lon-
gertime, Purtherefore, intoa Conferwing Pst of Snow, and Ice, (adding
fome quantitic of Salt, and Witre,) aPeece of Weed, or aPcece of Tongh
Clay, and let it lye a Moneth, or mere.

Another Triall is by Asetallime Waters, which haue virtuall Cold in
them. Put therefore Wood,or €lay, into Swsths Water, or other Metalline
Water ; And try wheeher it will noc harden in fome reafonable time.But
I voderftand it, of Afetallime Waters, thatcome by Wathing, or Quen-
ching ; And not of Strong Waters that come by diflolution; for they are
too Corrofiueto confolidate,

It is already found, that there are fome Natwrall Spring-waters, chat
will Jalapidare Heed ; So as you fhall {ee one peece of Weod,whereof the
Part abouethe Water thall continue Weed; and the Part ynder the 1s
ter (hall be turned into akinde of Grawelly Stone; Ic is likely thofe Waters
are of fome Metallive Mixtsre ; But there would be more particular In-
quiry made of them, It is certaine, that an Egge was found, hauing lien
many yeeres in the bortome of a Moat, where the Earth had fomewhat
oner-growne it; And this Egge was come to the Hardnefle of a Steme:
And had the Colours of the white and yolke perfe&: And the Shell
thining in {mall graines like Sugar, or Alablafter.

Another Experience there is of Imduration by Cold, which is alreadie
found ; which is, that Metalls, themfelues are hardned by often Heating
and Quenching in Cold Waster : For Cold cuer worketh moft potently vp-
on Heat precedent,

For /adwration by Heat, it muft be confidered, that Heae,by the Exha-
ling of the Moifter Parts, doth either harden the Body ; As in Brickse,
Tiles, &c, Ox ifthe Heas be more fierce, maketh the groffer part it felfe,
Runne and Mele; As in the making of ordinary Glaffe ; And in the Pétré-
fication of Earth, (Aswe {ee in the Inner Parts of Fwrmaces; ) and in the
Pisrification of Bricke ; And of adetealls, And in che former of thefe,which
isthe Hardening by baking, without Melting, che Heat hath chefe de-
grees; Firft icdadsratech; and then maketh Fragile; And laftly it doth

Incinerate and Calcizate,

But if you defire to make an Imdaration with Toughneffé, and leffe
Fragilitie; A middle way would betaken; Which is that which Ariffotle
hath well noted; But would be throughly verified, Ic is, co decogt Bodies

in

83

$4

85

86

87

$1

28

89

90

Experiment
Solitary tou-
| ching the Ver-
| fien of Water into
Ave.

9g!

Naturall Hiftory:

in Water, for two or three dayes ; But they muft be firch Bodies, into
which the Water will not enters As Stone, and Metal, For ifthey be Bo-.
dies into which the Water will enter, then long Seething, will rather
Soften than indurate them, As hath beene tried in Egges &c. There-
fore, Softer Bodses muft be put into Bottles; And the Bottles hung into
Water feething, with the mouths opén, aboue the Water; that no W4-
ter may getins For by this Meanes, the virtuall Heat of the Water will
enter; And fuch a Heat, as will not make the Bodie aduft, or fragile ;
But the Subftance of the Water willbe fhucout., This Experiment wee
made; Andit ferted thus. It was tried with a Peece of Free-/fome, and
with Pewter, putinto the Water at large, The Free-fone we found recei-
ued in fomeWater; For it was fofter, and eafier to {crape, than a peece
of the fame Stowe kept drie. But the Pewter into which no Water could
enter, became more white, and liker to Siluer, and leffe flexible, by
much, There were alfo put intoan Earthen Bottle, placed as before,
a good Pellet of Clay, a Peece of Chee/e,a Peece of Chalke, and a Peece
of Free-/ose, The Clay came forth almoft of the Hardnefle of Stone,
The Cheefe likewife very hard, and not well to be cut: The Chalkeand
the Free-ffome much harder than they were, The coleur of the C/ay in-
clined not a whit to the Colour of Bricke, but rather to White, as in or
dinary Drying by the Sunne. Note, that all the former Trialls were
made by a Boyling vpon a good hot Fire, renewing the Water as it con=
fumed, with other hot Water ; But the Boyling was but for twelue
houres, onely; And it. is likethat the Experiment would have beene
more cfteGtuall, ifthe Boyling had beenc for two or three dayes, as we
prefcribed before.

As touching .4/fimsilation,(for there is a degree of 4/Stmilation cucn in
Inanismate bodies) we fee Examples of it in fome Stomesin Clay-growmds,
lying neare to the top of the Barth, where Pebble is; In which you may
manifeftly feediuers Pebbles gathered together, anda Cruft of Cement
or Stowe betweene them, ashard as the Pebbles themfelues: And it were
good ro make a Triall of purpofe, by taking C/ay, and putting in it di-
uers Pebble-Stones, thicke fer, to fee whether in continuance of time, it
will not be harder than other Clay of the fame lumpe, in which no Peb-
bles are {et.. We fee alfo in Ruines of old Walls, efpecially towards the
bottome, the Mortar will become as hard as the Bricke; we fee alfo,that
the Wed on the fides of Veffels of Wine, gathereth a Cruft of Tartar,har-
der chan the Wed it felfe; And Scales likewife grow to the Teeth, harder
than the Zeesh themfelues.

Moft of all, induration by Afimilation appeareth in the Bodies of
Trees, and lining Creatures: For no Nourifment that the Tree receiueth,
or that thediwing Creature receiucth, is fo hard as Wood, Bene, or Horne,
&c. butis Jmdarated after by Afvimilation,

He cie of the vnderftanding,is like the eie of the Senfe : Foras you
may fee great Obiects thorow {mall Crannies,or Leuells; Se you

may

Century. 1.

may fee great Axiomes of Natwre, through fmall and Contemptible zs

frances, The Speedy Depredation of Aire vpon watry Meiffure, and Ver fiom
ofthe fame into dire, appeareth innothing more vifible, than in the
fudden Difcharge, or vanifhing, of alittle Cloud of Breath, ot Vapour,
from Gla/fe, or the Blade of a Sword, or any {uch Polithed Body; Such
as dothnor atall Detaine, or Inbibe the Moifture; For the Mittineffe
{cattereth and breaketh vp fuddenly, But the like Cloud, if it were Oyly,
or Futtie, will not difcharge; Not becaufe it fticketh fafter ; But becaufe
Aire preyeth vpon Water ; And Flame, and Fire, vpon Oyle; And there-
fore, to take out a Spot of Greafe, they vie a Coale vpon browne Paper ;
Becaufe Fire worketh vpon Greafe, or Ogle, as Aire doth vpon Water.
And we fee Paper oyled,or Wood oyled, or the like, laft long moift:but Wet
with Water, drie, or putrifie fooner, The Caufe is, for that aire med-
dleth little with the Moifure of Oyle.

Here is an Admirable demonftration, in the fame trifling J» /fance

of the little Claud vpon Gla/fe, or Gemmes, or Blades of Swords,of the
Force of Vaiow, eucn in the leaft Quantities, and weakeft Bodies, how
much it Conduceth to Preferuatibn of the prefent Forme; And theRe-
fitting of a New, For marke well the difcharge of that Clowd ; And you
thall {ee it eucr breake vp, firft in the Skirts, and laft in the middeft, We
fee likewife, that much Water draweth forth the Tuyce of the Body In-
fufed; But little water,is imbibed by che Body : And this is a Principall
Caufe, why in Operation vpon Bodies, for their Verfiow or Alseration,the
Triall in great Quantities, doth not anfwer the Triall in fmall ; And fo

deceiueth many ; For that (I fay) the greater Body, refifteth more any

Alteration of Forme, and requireth far greater Strength in the Actiue
Body, that fhould fubdue ir. “

Colours in Birdsswhich is by the Fineneffe of the Strainer;we wil
now endeuour toreduce the fame Axiome to a Werke. For this Writing
ofour Sylaa Sylaarum, is (tofpeake properly) not Natwrall Hiffery, but a
high kinde of Natural Magicke. For it isnota Defcription only of Na-
ture, but a Breaking of Nature, into great and ftrange Workes, Trie
therefore, the Anointing ouer of Pigeons, or other Birds, when they
arebutintheirdowne; Or of Whelpes, cutting their Haire as fhort as
may be; Or of fome other Beaft; with fome oyntment,that isnot hurt-
fullto the Flefh; And that will harden, and fticke very clofe; And {ce
whether it will not alrer the Colours of the Feathers, or Haire. It is re-
ceiued, that the Pulling off, the firlt Feathers of Birds, cleane, willmake
the new come forth White: And it is certaine, that White is a penurious
Colour, and where Moifture is fcant, So Blew islets, and other Flew-
ers,ifchey be ftarued, tutne Pale and White; Birds, and Hor/es,by Age, ot
Scarres, turne White: And the Hoare Haires of Men, come by the fame
reafon, Aad therefore in Birds, it is very likely, chat che Reathérs that

come

E haue fpoken before in the fifth Jmftance, of the Caufe of Experiment

Solitary tou-
ching the Forse
of Vnion.

92

Experiment

Solitary tou-
ching the Pre-
ducing of Fede
thers aud Haires
of diners Colours,

93

Experiment

Solitary tou- »
ching the New-

| rifloment of Li-
wing Creatures
| before they be
bronght forth.

94

Experiments
in Confort,
touching Sypa
thy nd Anti-
paily (ov Media
crall ufe.

95

96

Naturall Hiftory :

come firft, will be many times of diuers Colours, according tothe Na-
ture of the Bird; For thatthe Skin is more porous ; But when the Skin |
is more fhut, and clofe,the Feathers will come White. This is a good Ex-
periment, not only forthe producing of Birds, and Bea/fs of {range Co-
lours ; but alfo for the Difclofure of the Nature of Coloars them{clues ;
which of them require a finer Porofitie, and which a groffer.

That the Yolke of the Egge, conduceth little to the Generation of the
Bird; Butonly to the Nowri/ment of the fame: For if a Chicken be ope-
ned, when it isnew hatched; you thall finde much of the Yelkeremai- |
ning.Andit is needfull,that Birds,that are fhaped with out the Females
Wombe; haue in the Egge, as well Matter of Nourifhment, as Matter
of generation for the Body, For after the Zgge is laid, and feuered from
the Body of the Hen; Ithathno more Noursihment from the Hew; But
only a quickening Heat when fheeficteth, But Beafts, and Men need

) And it is often tried, that Iuyces of Stock-Gilly-Flewers, Rofe-Campian,
Garlicke,and other things ; applied to the Wre/fs, and renewed ; haue
cured long Agwes. And I conceiue, that wafhing with certaine Liquors, |

the Palmes of the Hands, doth much good: And they doe well in Heats
| of Agues, to hold inthe Hands, Lgges of Alablafter, and Balls of Cry/tall,

Of thefe things we hall (peake more, when we handle she Title of S ype

¢

notthe matter of Nourifhmenc within themfelucs; Becaufe they are
thy and Antipathy, ss the proper Place.

T is a worke of Prouidence, that hath beene truly obferued by fome;

fhaped within the Wombe of the Female, and are nourifhed continu-
ally from her Body, ‘

@ is an Inueterate and receiued Opinion, that Camtherides applied

to any part of the Bady, tonch the Bladder, and cxu!cerate it, if they
{tay on long. It is likewife Received, thatakinde of Stone, which they
bring out of the Weft Indies, hath a peculiar force to moue Grauell,and
to diflolue che Stoue ; In fo much, as laid but to the wreft, it hath fo for-
cibly fent downe Grauell,as Men haue beene glad toremouc its Iwas
fo violent,
{ Icis receiued and confirmed by daily Experience, that the Soales of

the Feet haue great Affinitie with the Head, and the Afouth of the Sto-
| macke : As we fee, Going wet-/bed, to thofe that vfe it nor,affecteth borb:
Applications of bot Powders to the Feet attenuate firft, and after dry the
Rheame: And therefore a Phyfitian, that would be Myfticall, prefcri-
beth, for the Cure of the Rhesme, thata Man fhould walke Continual-
ly vpon.a Camomill Alley; Meaning, that he fhould put Camorill within
his Sockes., Likewile Pigeons bleeding, applyed to the Soales of the Fees,
cafe the Head: And Seporifereus Medicines applied ynto them, prouoke
Sleeper,
teow that asthe Feet haue a Sympathy with the Head; So the
Wrefts and Hands, hauea Sympathy with the Heart ; We fee the Affcéts
and Paffions of the Heart, and Spirits,are notably difclofed by the Pulfe:

|

A ILO LLL AL LLL LLL LL

_

Century. I.

The Knowledge of man (hitherto) hath beene determined by the | Experiment
View, or Sight, So that whatfoeuer is Inuifible, either in refpect of the | Solitary tou-
Fineneffe of she Body it {:lle; Or the Smalne(fe of the Parts ; Or of the Sub- * Rchaheae
tilty of the Motion; is little inquired, And yct thefe be the Things thar) Nature. ;
Gouerne Nature principally; And without which, you cannot make 98
any truc Apalyfis and Indication of the Proceedings of Nature, The 5pi-
rits ot Paeumaticals, that are in a'l Tangible Bodies, are {carce knowne.
Sometimes they take then for Facusm;wheras they are themoft AGine |
of Bodies, Sometimes they take them for Aire ; From which they dif-
fer exceeding'y, as muchas Wine from Water; Andas Wood from
Earth, Sometimes they will haue them tobe Nutwral Heatjor a Portion |
of the Element of Fire; Whereas fome of them are crude and cold, And |
fomerimes they will haue them ro be the Hertwes and Qualities of che
Tangible Parts, which they fee; whereas they are Things by themfelues.

And then, when they come to Plants and liuing Creatures, they call
them Soules, Aad {uch Supertficiall Speculations they haue; Like Pro-
{peétiues, that (hew things inward, when they are but Paintings, Nei-
ther is this a Queftion of Words, but infinitely materiall in Nature.
For Spirits are nothing elfe but a Natarall Body,rarified to a Proportion,
and included in the Tangible Parts of Bodies, asin anIntegument, And
they be no leffe differing one from the other, than the Des/é or Tangible
Parts: And they are in all Tangible Bodies whatfaeuer,more or leffe: And
they are neuer (almoft) at reft: And from them,and their Motéons, prin-
cipally proceed Arefaction, Colliquation, Concoétion, Maturation, Putrefa-
tion, Vinification, and moft of the Effects of Nature: For,as we haue fi-
ured them in our Sapicatia Veterum, in the Fable of Proferpins,you thal!
in the Infernall Regiment heare little Doings of Piuse, but moft of Pre.
ferpina : For Tangible Parts in Bodies are Stupide things; And the Sprrits
doe (in effe@) ail. As for the differences of Tangible Parts in Bodies, the
induftry of the Chymi/fs hath giuen fome light, in difcerning by their
Separations, the Oily,Crude,Pure,/mpare,Fineprofje Parts of Bedses,and
thelike, And the PAy/itians are content to acknowledge, that Herbs,
and Drags haue dives Parts ; As that Opium hath a Stupefagtiue Part,
anda Heating Part; The one mouing Sleepe, the othera Sweat fol-
lowing; And that Rabart hath Purging Parts and Aftringent Parts, &c,
But this whole Inquifition is weakly and Negligently handled, And for
the more fubtill ditterences of the Afsaute Parts,and the Pofture of them
in the Body, (which alfo hach great Effe@s) they are not at all touched:

Asfor the Azotions of the Minute Parts of Bodies, which doe fo great Ef- me
fe&ts, they haue not beene obferued at all , becaufe they are Inuifible,
_and ineurre not tothe Eyes but yet they are to be deprehended by Ex-
perience ; As Democritus {aid well, when they charged him to hold,that
the World was made of fuch little Moats, as were feene in the Sunne ;
Atoms ((rith he) mecefitate Rationss (x Experientiae/fe conuincitur; Ate-
msm enim nemovyagasm vidit. And therefore the Tumult in the Parts
of Solid Bodies, waen they are compreffed, which is the Caufe of all
D

Flight

31

!
4
1

| ching the

|
|
|
}
|
|

——

Experiment
Solitary tou-

Power of Heat.

99

|
|

|

a
TT

| in the like Veffell, {topped as before; But vfea gentler Heat,and remoue

|
|

Natural Hiflors rent

Flight of Bodies thorowthe Aire, and of other Mechanical Motions, (as _
hath beene partly touched before, iand fhall be througlily handied in |
dug place) ts norfeenearall, Burneuertheleffe, if youknow it nor, or,
enquire it not attentively and diligently, you fhall aeuer be ableto ait
cerne, and much leffe to produce, a Number of Mechanical Motions, A- |
gaine, as tothe Afotions Cerporall,within the Enclofurcs of Bodics,wher-
by the Effeéts(which were mentioned before)paffe beeween the Spirits;
and the Tangible Parts; (which are, Arefaction, Colliquation, Concoction,
Matwration,¢rc.) they are not at all handled. ‘But they are put off by the
Names of Vertwes, and Natwres,and Aétions,and Pafiions,aad fuch other
Logical Words, . ‘

TE iscertaine, that ofall Powers in Nature,Heat is thechicfe; both in
Lic Erasne of Natare,and in the works of Art. Certaine it is likewife,
that the Effects of Heat,are moft aduanced,when it worketh vpon a Bo-
dy, withdut loffe or diflipation of the Matter; for that euer betrayeth
the Account. And therefore it is true, that the power of Heat is beft
perceiucdin Déftsllations, which are performed in clofe Veflels, and Re-
ceptacles, Bur yet there isahigher Degree; For howfoeuer Ds/tillats-
ons doe keepe the Bedy in Cels, and Cloifters, without Going abroad;

‘yet they giue {pace vnto Bodies to turne into Vapour; To returne into’

Liquor ; and to Separate one part from another, So as Nature doth
Expatiate,although it hath not full Liberty : whereby the true and VI-
time Operations of Heatarenot attained. But if Bodies may be altered
by Heat, and yet no fich Reciprocation of Rarefaction, and of Conden/a-
tion, and of Separation, admitted 3 then itis like that this Protews of Mat-
ter, being held by the Sleeues, willrurne and change into many Meta-
morphofes. Take therefore a Square Veffell of Irow, in forme of a Cube,
and let ithaue good thicke and ftrong Sides, Put into it a Cube of
Wood,that may fillicas clofeas may be; And let it haue a Couer of Iron,
as {trong (atleaft)as the Sides; And let it be well Luted, after the man-
ner of tlie Chymiffs, Then place the Vefell within burning Coales, kept
quicke kindled, for fome few houres {pace, Then take the Ve/fell from
the Fire, atid take off che Couer, and {ce what is become of the Wood, I
conceiue that fince all Jnflammation,and Es aporation are vecerly prohibi-
ted, and the Body ftill curned vpon it felfe, that one of thefe two Effeats
will follow: Either that the Body ofthe Hood willbe turned into a kinde
of Amalagma, (as the Chymifts callit;)) Or that the Finer Part will bee
turned into dire, and the Groffer fticke as it were baked,and incruftate
vpon the Sides of the Yefell;being become of a Denfer Matter,than the
Wood it felfe, Crude, And for another Triall, take alfo Water, and pucit

the Veffell fometimes from the Fire; And againe,after fome {malltime,
when it is Cold,renue the Heating of it: And repeatthis Alterationfome |
few times : And if you can oncebring to pafle, that the Water, which is |
one of the Simpleft of Bodies, be changed in Colour, Odour, or Tafte,
after

a!

| Century. I. ,

after the manner of Compound Bodies, you may be fure that there is a
great \WWorke wrought in Nature, anda Notable Entrance made into
firange Changes of Bodies, and productions: And alfo a Way made,

| to doe that by Fire, in {mall time,which the Sunne and Age doe in long
time. But of the Admirable Effeéts of this Di/féllation in Clofe, (for fo
we will callit)which is like the Homsbes and Matrices of liuing creatures,

| where nothing Expireth, nor Separareth; We will fpeake fully, in the

| due place; Nor that we Aime at the making of Paracel/us Pigmey's ; Ot
any fuch Prodigious Follies; But that we know the Effects of Heat will
be fuci:,as will fcarce fall vnder the Conceit of Man; Ifthe force of it
be altogether kept in.

Here is nothing more Certain in Nature,than that it is impoffible
Y for any Body, to be vtcerly Amsihslated; But that,as it was the work
| of the O.nnipotency of God, to make Somewhat of Nothing ; So it requi-
reth the like Omnipotency,to turne Somewhat into Nothing And there-
fore it is -vell faid, by an Obfcure Writer of the Seé# of the Chymifts ;
| That there is no fuch way to effe& the Strange Zran/mutations of Bodies,
| as to endeuour and vrge by all means,the Reducing of them to Nothing,
| And herein is contained alfo a great Secret of Preferuation of Bodies
| from Change;For if you can prohibit,that they neitherturne into Aire,
becaufeno Aire commeth tothem; Nor goce into the Bodies Adiacent,
| hecaufe they are veterly Heterogencall ; Nor make a Ressd and Circu-
| fatcamwithin theinfelues ; they will neuer change, though they bee in
their Natureneuer fo Perifhable, or Mutable, Wefee, how Flies, and
Spiders,and the like, geta Sepulcher in Amber, more Durable, than the
Monument, and Embalming of the Body ofany King, And] conceiue the
like will be of Bodses put into Qaick-filser, But then they muft be
but thin; Asa leafe, or a peece of Paper,or Parchment ; For if
they hauea greater Craffitude,they will alter in their
owne Body, though they {pend not, But of this,
We fhall fpeake more, when we handle
the Title of Cos/eruation
of Bodies.

Se er

o

bo

eae 2

>

| =
*

33

et nes

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Im-
polfsbility of An-
aibilation.
tele)

aOra wei wil mie dee ait seni 9 le
Y | Pwr sents Waahatl tate woh of yada 522s aire a
‘ pee ee. Et : UGS itr 2 Bais

gi : tg? el

| Aye oosie eeAretinen’s 34) me rasta hx
¥ ce Leeroy haw YY oO Bt x.
bs pod Joan ean ogeanre oat rete ae Apel Oe \
pay sia c2 chido, paren wits, pin Waste, “8 bua O8
Pag Sood ie no nuaient 9 ee . Bo ;
Lk, otatomiu eosin yy eae " ity 4
4 maiikibh, 28h gat oration to bt yea Feyane vials
anti) bus Wran’ ether arti Mesipetex Hl ght
es! ¥ aed wks ig: es aia oe con nallput yond. 23 ef
Abna wie nod 23 Beith wy aldol’ § ,
§ aleiage atin =nsan “gabon, ‘a at ere Oe 07
| oft suisgno> Phat: Se dale ip voah velnkc peel dag Pai
qh iy fuer yotts, wots with. ceva. Ny, 037 3G inno
. H1059 g wom aiboskll wo rata ho 22/84 © 10. pas 6
Bali of robe th wa youd epi fibel.> Yeap ty &
- Aidotond doo boaql eda cegund) we Eyimy
. tbeads@ desea ger OAL .
ataaen? to SG ger a
AE NO ey . ber va -

& feet

sone “sg 3
bates) ay et

| an
¥ | c a |
' , ‘ > ul '
E at |
ia
| ry x mudd St SX tna 4 i
| (ae are K PGES kok “| |
. 2s = ~ e Pel . 7 & = 2) ~ c “ony
PEE BAD SSE ISDE IR ADR ADRK CHE ISDE GOES |
j
|

ATVRALL |
HISTORIE. cian
IL Century. |

OY Vs1cx inthe Praétice, hath bin | Experiments
) well purfued; And in good Va- Eiching at
ricty; But in the Tbeory,and efpe- | “**
ciallyin the Yeelding of the Cau-
fesof the Praétique, very weakly;

Being reduced into certaine My-

fticall Subtilties, of no vfe, and

SR See not much Truth. We thall there-

fore, atter our manner, ioyric the Contemplative and Aétine.
Part together.

All Sounds, are either Muficall Sounds, which we call Tones ; VWhere- 101
unto there may bean Harmony; which Sounds are cuer Equal; As Siag-
ing, the Sounds of Stringed,and Wind-Infiraments, the Ringing of Bels, &c.
Or Immuficall Sounds; which are ever Ynequall, Suchas are the Foice 7m
Speaking, all Whifperings, all Voices of Beafts and Birds, (except they bec
Singing Birds;) all Percuffions, of Stones, Wood, Parchment, Skins (asin
Draummes;) and infinite others, »
The Sounds that produce Tones, are eucr from fuch Bodies; as are in 102
their Parts and Pores Equal; As wellasthe Sounds themf{elues are E-
qual; And fuch are the Percuffions of Metall, as in Bels ; Of Glaffe, as in
the Fillipping of a Drinking Gla/fe; Of Aire,as in Mens voices whileft they
Sing, in Pipes, Whiftles, Organs, Stringed Infiruments, Sc. And of Water;
as inthe Nightingale-Pipes of Regalls, or Organs, and other Hydraulickes ;
a eS ae a ee

Ye
So Nw (S

~

ly
(WV

a
o,

' 4a
FA|
Q)) we)
G

4

¥

Ke
OT
YS ft Bar

Pres 2
Oe

<

36

— ———_ —

103

104

105

106

ee

. ——— =

Naturall Hiflory :

| which the Anctents had,and Nero did fo much efteeme,but are now loft.
And ifany Man thinke, that the String of the Bow, and the String of the
Viall, areneither of them Equal Bodies ; And yet produce Tones; he is

_inan errour, For the Sownd is not created betweene the Bow or Ple-

| rum, and the String ; but betweene the String and the Aire; No more
than it is between the Finger or Quill, and the String, in other Jnfirm-
ments. Sothereare (inefte@) butthree Percaffions that create Tones ;
Percufaens of Metals, (comprehending Gla/fe, and the like; ) Percufiions
of Aire ; and Percufsions of Water, .

The Diapafon or Hight in Muficke is the fweeteft Concord; Infomuch,
as it is in effet an Fnifon, As we fee in Lutes, thatare ftrung in the Bafe
Strings with wo ftrings,one an Bight aboue another; Which make but
as one Sound, And enery Eighth Note in Afcent (as from Eight to Fif- |
tcene : frotti Fifteeneto twenty two, and {0 in infinitum.) are but Scales of
Diapafon, The Caufeis darke, and hathnot beenerendred by any; Aud
therefore would be better contemplated, It feemeth that Aire, (which
is the Subiect of Sounds) in Souads that are not Tones (which areall va-
equall,as hath beene faid) admitteth much Variety; As we fee in the

| Voices of Liurng Creatares; And likewife in the Voices of {eucrall Men; (for
| weare capable to difcerne feuerall Afem by their Voices;) And in the Con-
ingation of Letters, whence Articulate Sounds proceed ; Which ofvall
others are moft various, But in the Sounds which we call Tones, (th
are cuer Equal) the Aire is notable’to caftit felfe into any fuch vari¢
Butis forced to recurre into one and the fame Pofture or Figure, ©
differing in Greatneffe and Smalnefie. So we fee Figures may be mi
of lines, Crooked and Straight, in infinite Variety, where there is Ine-
quality ; BucCircles, or Squares, or Triangles Equilaterall (which areal
Figures, of Equall lines) can differ but in Greater, or Leffer. ‘
Itis co benoted.(the rather left any Man fhould chinke, that heels
| any thing in this Namber of Eight;to create the Diapafon) that this Com-
| puration of Sight, is a thing rather receiued ,than any true Coputation.
| Fora true Computation oughteuer to be, by Diftribution into equall
Portions, Now there be interuenient in the Rife of Eight (in Tomes) two |
| Beemalls, or Halfe-notes ; So as ifyou diuide the Tones equally, the Eight |
| is but Sewen whole and equal Netes;And ifyou fubdiuide that into Halfe |
| Notes (asitisin theScops of a Late) it maketh the Namber of thirteene. |
| Yee this is true; That in the ordinary Rifes and Falls of the Poice of
Maa (or meafuring the Tone by whole Notes, and halfe Notes, which
| isthe Equal] Meafures)there fall out to be two Beemols (as hath beene
faid) betweene the Vai/on and the Diapafow sy And this Varying is natu-
| rall.. For if a. Man would endeuour to raife or fall his Poice, ftill by
Halfe- Notes, like the Stops of a Lute; or by wholeNetes alone, without |
Halfes 3 as farre as.an Eight; be will not be able to frame his Voice vntoit,
Which fheweth, thavafter euery three whole Notes Nature requireth, |
for all Harmonicall vie, one balfe Note to be interpofed, Pala
Icis to. be confidered, that whatfoeuer Vertue is in Nwebers, for

a

Conducing

=

Century. VI.
Conducing to Concent of Wores, israther to be afcribed tothe Wamre-
Number, than to the Entire Namber; As namely, that che Sound retur-
neth after Six, or after Twelwe ; So that the Sewenth, or the Thirteenth, is
not the Matter, butthe Sixth, or the Twelfth ; And the Sewenth aud the
Thirteenth are but the limits and Boundaries ofthe returue,

The Concords in Maficke which are Perfect, or Sewmiperfect, betweenc
the Vuifon, and the Diapason, are the Fifth, which isthe mo Perfecf; the
Thirdnext; And the Szxth which 1s more harfh:And as the Ancients
cfteemed, and fo doe my felfe and fome Other yet, the Fourtiwhich
they call Djate/faron,, Astor the Tenth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, aad {0 in ine

itum; they be but Recurrences of the Former; viz. of the Third, the
Fifth, and the Sixth ; being an Exght refpeiuely from them,

For Difcords, the Second, and the Seuenth, are of all others the moft
odious, in Harmony, to the Senfe ,; whereof the One is nextabouc the

| mony cequireth a competent diftance of Nates,
| In Harmony, ifthere be nota Défeord tothe Bafe, it doth not difturbe
the Harmony, though there bea Dz/cord tothe Higher Parts; So the Déf-
cord benotof the Two thatare Odious; And thereforeshe ordinary
Concent of Fowre Parts confilteth of an Eight, a €iftb, anda Third to the
Bae: Butthat Fifth is a Foarth to the Treble; and the Third isa Sixth,
And the Cas/e is, for thar the Bafe ftriking more Aire, doth onercome
and drowne.the Treble, (vnlefle the Difcord be very Odious;) And fo
hideth a finall ImperfeGion. For wefec, thatin one of the dower Strings
of a Lute, there foundeth not the Sound of the Treble, nor any Mixt |
Sound, but only the Sound of the Ba/e. r

Wehaueno Muficke of Quarter-Nosess; And it may be, they are not
capable of Harmony , For we {ee the Halfe- Notes themfelues doe but in-
terpofe fometimes, Neuertheleffe we haue fome Slides, or Relifhes, of
the Voyce, or Strings, as it were continued without Notes, from one
Tone toanpther, rifing orfalling, whicharedelighefull, .

The Caufes of that which is Pleafiag, or Jngrate to the Hearing, may
receivelight hy that,which is Pleajing or Inygrate to the Sight. There be
two Things Pleafing tothe Sight, (Jeauing Pictures, and Shapes afide,
which are but Secondary Obiects; And pleafe or difpleafe bur in Me-
mory;)thefe two are,Cologrs,and Order, The Pleafing of Clear fymboli- |
zeth with the Pleafing ofany Séugle Tone tothe Eare;But the Pleafing of |
Order doth fymbolize with Harmany.. And therefore wé fee in Garden-
kuots, and the Frets of Hox/es, and all equall and,well-anfweribg Figares, |
(as Globes, Pyramsides, Cones, Cylinders, &c.) how they pleafe; whereas |
vuequall Figures ate but Deformities. And boththefe Pleafares, that of
the Eye, and that of the Eae,are but she Effects of Equality;Goad Propor-
sion,or Carrefpondence : So that (out of Qaeffion,) Equality, and Correfpon- |
dence, are the Cau/es of Harmony, But to tinde the Proportion of that Cor- |
re(pondence, is more abltrufe ; whereof notwiehftanding we thall fpeake
fomewhat, (when we handle Tones,) in the general! Enquity of Sowads.

Topes

Vaijon, the Ocher next vnder the Dispafon: which.may thew, that Har- |

tO

107

108 -

III

113

114

Naturall History:
|

Tones are not fo aptalrogether to procure Sleep,as fome other Sounds;
As the Wind, the Parling of Water, Humming of Bees,a Sweet Voice of one
that readeth, &c, The Caufe whereof is, for that Tones, becaufe they are
Equall, and flidenot, doe mote ftrike and ere@ the Senfe, than the o-
ther. And Quer-much Attention hindereth S/eepe. 1
There be in Mu/icke certaine Figares,or Tropes; almoft agreeing with
the Figures of Rhetoricke; And with the Affections of the Minde, and o-
ther Senfes, Firft, the Diwifiow and Quawering, which pleafe fo much in
Muficke,hauc an Agreement with the G/itsering of Light; As the Moone-
Beames playing vpon a VWaue, Againe, the Falling trom a Difcordto a
Concord, which maketh great Sweetneffe in Mw/ick, hath an Agreement
with the 4ffections, which are reintegrated to the better, after fome dif-
likes : It agreeth alfo with the Ta/fe, which is foone glutted with that
which is {weet alone. The Sliding from the Clofe or Cadence, hath an A-
| greement with the Figwre in Rhetorick, which they call Prater Expecta-

tam;For there isa Pleafure euen in Being deceiwed. The Reports,and Fages,
hauc an Agreement with the Figures in Rhetoricke,of Repetition,and Tra-
duction. The Tripla’s, and Changing of Times, haue an Agreement with
the Changes of Motions; As when Galliard Time, and Meafare Time, ate
in the Medley of one Dance.

It hath beene anciently held, and obferued, that the Sem/é of Hearing,
and the Kéndes of Muficke, hauc moft Operation vpon Afamners; As to
Incourage Men, and make them Warlike ; To make them Soft and Ef
feminate; To make them Graue; To make them Light; To make them
Gentle and inclined to Pitie, &c, The Cau(e is, for thatthe Senfeof
Hearing ftriketh the Spirits more immediatly,than the other Senfes,And
more incorporeally than the Smelling : For the Sight, Tafte, and Feelsng,
haue their Organs, not of fo prefent and immediate Acceffe to the Spi~
rits, as the Hearing hath, And as forthe Smelling, ( which indeed wor-
| keth alfo immediatly vpon the Spzrits, and is forcible while the Obie& |

remaineth, ) itis with a Communication of the Breath, or Vapour of
the Obiec# Odorase: But Harmony entering eafily, and Mingling not at
all, and Comming witha manifeft Motion ; doth by Cuftome of often
Affeéting the Spirits, and Putting them into one kinde of Pofture, alter
nota little che Nature of the Spirsts, euen when the Obie is remoued,
And therefore we {ce, that Tames and Aires, euen in their owne Nature,
hauc in them({elues fome Affinitie with the affections; As there be Mer-
rie Tunes, Dolefall Tunes, Solemne Tunes ; Tunes inclining Mens mindes to
Pities Warlike Tunes; &c. Soasitis no Maruell, if they alter the Spi-
iritss confidering that Tames haue a Predifpofition to the Aoties of the
| Spiritsin themiclues. But yet it hath beene noted, that though this va-
\tictic of Zunes, doth difpofe the Spirits to variety of Paffions, conforme
vnto them 5 yet generally, Mu/icke feedeth that difpofition of the Spirits
which itfindeth, We feealfo that feucrall Aires, and Twnes, doc pleafe

feucrall Natéows,and Perfons,according to the Sympathy they haue with
| their Spirits,

Perfpectine .

Century. 1.

Perfpectiue bath beene with fome diligenceinquired ; And
fo hath the Nature of Sounds, in fome fort, as farre as concet-
neth Muficke. But the Nature of Sounds in generall, bath beene
fuperficially obferued. Icis one of thefubtilleft Peeces of Na-
ture. Andbefides, | practife, as 1 docaduife; whiclris, after
long Inquiric of Things, Immerfe in Matter, to interpofe

| fome Subie&, which is Immateriate, or lefle Materiate; Such
as this of Sounds ; Tothe end, that the Intellect may be Rectti-
fied, and become not Partiall.

It is firftto beconfidered, what Great Motions there are in Nature,
which pafle without Seund, or Noife. The Heawensturneabour, in a
moft rapide Motion, without Noife to vs perceiued ; Though in fome
Dreames they haue beene faid to make an excellent Maficke. So the Mo-

| tions of the Comets, and Fiery Meteors (as Stella Cadens, &c.) yeeld no
Noe. And ifitbe thought, thatitis the Greatnefle of diftance from

| vs, whereby the Soamd cannot be heard ; Wee fee that Lightninps, and
| Corafcations, which are neere at hand, yeeld no Sound neither, And yer
inallthefe, there isa Percuffion and Diuifion of the Aire. The Winds
in theYpoer Region (which moue the Clouds aboue (which we call the

Racke) and are not perceiued below) pafle without Noife. The lower

Winds ina Plaine, except they be ftrong, makeno Noife; But amongft

Trees, the Noife of fuch Winds willbe perceiued. And the Winds (ge-

nerally ) when they make a Noi/e, doc eucr make it vnequally, Rifing

and Falling, and fometimes ( when they are vehement) Trembling at
the Height of their Blaft. Raine, or Haile falling, (though vehemently,)
yecldeth no Noi, in paffing thorow the Tire, till it fall vpon the

Ground, Water, Houfes, or thelike. Water ina Riser (though a fwift

Streame) is not heard in che Channell, but runneth in Silence, ifit be

ofany depth ; Bur the very Streame vpon Shallowes, of Graucll, or Peb-

ble, willbeheard, And Waters, when they beat vponthe Shore, or are
ftraitned, (as in the falls of Bridges; ) Or are dafhed againft them-
felucs by Winds, giuea Roaring Noife. Any peece of Timber, or Hard Bo.
die, being thruft forwards by another Bodie Contiguous, without knec-
king, giuethno Wei/e, And fo Bedies in weighing, one vpon another,
| though the wpper Bodie prefle the lower Bodie downe,make no Noi/e, So
the Motion in the Minute Parts of any Solide Bodse, (which is the Princi-

_ pall Caufe of Violent Motion, though vnobferued ; ) paffeth without

| Sound ; Forthat Sosmd,that is heard fometimes, is produced onely by

| the Breaking of the ire; And not by the Impulfion of the Parts. So
| itis manifeft; That where the Anteriour Bodie giueth way, as faft as

the Pofteriour commeth on, it maketh no Noife; be the Motion never fo
| great, or fwift, -

| Aire open, andat barge, maketh no Noifé, except it be tharply per-

cuffed ; As in the Sound of a String, where Are is percufled by a hard,

and

a

TD

39

Experiments.
in Confort, tou-
ching Sonnds;
and firft touch-
ing the Nudity,
and Eatiy of
Souncs,

Trg

116

40 | Naturall Hifiory a

et

| and ftiffe Body; And witha fharp loofe ; For ifthe String be not Arai-_
| ned, it maketh no Neife, Butwhere the Aize pent,and ftiaitncd, there |
| Breath or other Blowing, (which carry buta gentle Percuffion) iufiice |
to create Sound; As in Pipes, and Wind-Imjiruments. But then you |
muft note,thatin Recorders,which goc witha gentle Breath,the Concawe |
of the Pige,were it not for the Fipple,that ftraitneth the Aire( much more
than the Simple Concase;) would yeeld no Sound. For as for other Wind-
Inflraments, they require a forcible Breath, As Trumpets, C ornets, Hun-
ters bornes, ¢rc. Which appearoth by the blowne cheeks of him that
windeth them, Organs alfo are blowne witha ftrong wind, by the Bel-
lowes. And note againe, that fome kinde of Wind-Infiruments, are ,
blown ata {mall Hole in the fide,which ftraitneth the Breath at the firft
Entrance; The rather, in refpect of their Trauerfe, and Step abouc the
Hole, which performeth the Fipples Part; As itis feene in Flutes, and
| Fifes, which will not giue Sommd, by a Blaft attheend, as Recorders, &c.
doe, Likewife in all Whi/tling, you contra& the Mouth; And to make
it more fharp, Men fometimes vie their Finger, But in Open Aire, if you
throw a Stone, or a Dart, they giueno Sound: No more doe Ballets,cx-
cept they happen to bea little hollowed in the Cafting ; Which Hol-
lowneffe penneth the Aire: Nor yet Arrowes, except they be ruffed in
‘their Feathers, which likewife penneth the aie. As for Small whifiles,
ot Shepheards Osten Pipes ; they giue a Sowsd, becaufe of their extreme
Slendernefle, whereby the Aire is more pent, thanina Wider Piper,
Againe, the Voices of Men, and Liuing Creatures, pafle thorow the
throat, which penneth the Breath, As for the Jewes Harpe, it is a fharp
Percuffion; And befides, hath the vantage of penning the Aire in the
Mouth,

—

DS aay Solide Bodies, if they be very [oftly pereuffed,giueno Sonnd; Aswhena
man treadeth very foftly vpon Beards. So Cheffs or Doores in faire wee-
ther,when they open eafily,giuc no Sewnd.And Cart-wheels {queak not,
when they are liquored,

118 The Flame of Tapers, or Candles, though it be a fwift Motion, and |

breaketh the 4ire, yet pafleth wikhout Sossd, Aire in Onens, though (no
' doubt) it doth (as it were) boyle, and dilate it felfc, and is repercufleds
yet it is without Nose.
119 Flame percuffedby Aire, giueth a Noi/e 5 As in Blowing of the Fire by |
Bellowes ; Greater, than if the Bellowes fhould blow vpon the Aire it
{elfe, And fo likewife Flame percafSing the Aire firongly, (aswhen Flame :
fuddenly taketh,and openeth,) giuctha Nei/e; So,Great Flames,whiles |
the one impelleth the other, giue a bellowing Sound.
120 Thereis a Conceit runneth abread, that there fhould be a White
Powder, which will difcharge a Peece without Nei/é; which is a dange-
rous Experiment, if it faould be true; For it may caufe fecret Murthers.
But it feemeth to me vnpoffible ; For, ifthe sre pext, be driven forth,
and ftrike the Aire pen, itwill certainly makea Nei/e, As forthe White
Powder (if any fuchthing be, thatmay extinguifh, or dead the No#/e,)
it

~

ee

peer Thm aae sy

itis like ro bea Mixtureof Petre, and Sulphur, without Coale. For Petre

alone will nor take Fire, And if anyman thioke, that che Sound: may be

extinguifhed, or deaded, by difcharging the Pemt Aire, before incom-
meth.to the Mouth of the Reece, andno the Open Aires That isnor pro-

bable ; For it will make more dinided Sounds : As if you thould pnake a.

Crofle Barrell hollow,thorow the Bartell of aPcece,itmay be,itiwould

giue {eucrall Sounds, both ar the Nofe,and at thefides,Bur I condeme,

thacif it were poflidle, to bring to paffe, that there (hould be ne v4ire_
pent at the Mouth of thePecce, the Bullet might fy wish {mall, or no
Noife, For fuft it iscertaine, there.is.no Woife in the Percuffibn of the
Elame vpon the Bullets, Next the Ballet, in piercing chorow the direjma-
kethno Woife; As hath beene faid) And then, ifthere be no Pest Aire,
that firuketh vpon Open Aire, there isno Canleof Nee; Andyer the
Flying of the Bullet will nor be ftayed. For that Morme (as hath beene |
oft {aid) is in che Parts of the Bullet,aad notin the “tre, So as triall mui
bee made by taking fome {mall Concaue of Metall; no mote.thanyou
meane to fill with Powder; And laying the Buller in the Mouth ofiir,
halfe ot intorhe Open Aue, sh?

[heard itafirmed by aMan, chat wasa great Dealer in Secrets, but
hewas bur vaine; That there was a ConPiracy (which himfelfehindred,)
tohauckilled Queene Mary, Sifter to Queene Elizabeth, by a Burninge
Glaffe, when {hee walked in Saint lames Parke, from the Leads-of the
Houfe. Buc thus much (nodoubr) is true; Char if Barming-Glaffes could
bebrought toa great ftrength, (as chey talke generally of Barning-Gla/-
(es, that are ableto burne a Wawy,) the Pertw/Sien.of the ire alone, by
fuch a Barning-Glafe, would make no Noife; Nomore than is found in
Cora/cations, and Lighinings, without Thunders. nit Lj

I fuppofe, that Jempre/Gon of the Aire with Sownds,askethatimetobe.
conucighed co the Sew/e; As wellas the mprefScom of Species vifible Or
elfe they will not be heard, And therefore, as the Bullet month fo fwift,
rharitis Jamsfole ; So the fame Swiftaeffe of Motion maketh it Inaudible:
Forwee fee, thacthe Apprehenfion of the Eye, is quicker than that of
the Earev.

_ All Braptioas of Atre,thouzh fmnalland flight,giue an Entity of Sound;
which wecallCrackling, Puffing, Spittong, &c. As in Bay-falt, and Bay-
beages, caik into the Fire; So in Chefmuts, when they leape forth of the
| Athes 3 So in Greene Wood laid vpon the Fire, efpecially Roots; So in
_ | Candles thar {pit Flame, if they bewets So in Rafing, Sneezing, &c. So
ina Rofe-leafe gathered together into the fafhion of a Purfe, and bro-
ken vpon the Fore-head; or Backe of the Hand, as Children vfe.

He Cane giuen of Sound, tharit fhould be an Elifiow of the Aires |
(wherby, ifthey mean any thing,they mean a Cutting, or Diwiding,

orelf{c an Attenwating of the Aire)is but a Terme of [gnorance:And the
Motion is buta Catch of the Witvpon a few Inftances; As the Manner.
is in the Phelefepby Receiued. And it is common with Men,thatifthey |
haue |

121i
122
123

Experiments

in Confort,
touching P7o-
duttion, Con/r-
uations and De-
lation of Sounds;
And the 0 fice

i
r
4

42

TE
of che Aire

therein.

124

125

Natural Fiflory:

haue gotten a Pretty Exprefion, by a Word of Art, that Exprefiien gocth
currant; though itbe empty of Matter, This Conceit of E/s/ion, appea-
reth moft manifeftly to be falfe, in that the Sound of a Bell, String, or the
like, continueth melting, fome time, after the Percufton; But ceafeth
ftraight-wayes,if the Bell,or String, be couched and ftayed;whereas, fit
were the Elifiow of the sre, that made the Sound, it could not be, that
the Touch of the Bell, or Striag,fhould extinguith fo fuddenly thar Mo-
tion, caufed by the Elifion of the Aire. This appeareth yet more mani-
feftly, by Chiming with a Hammer, vpon the Out-fide of a Bell ; For the
Sound will be according to the inward Concaue of the Bell; whereas the
Elifion, ot Attenuation of the ire, cannot be but onely betweene the
Hammer, and the Out-fide of the Bel, So againe, if it were an Eifion, a
broad Hammer, and a Bodkin, ftrucke vpon Metall, would giue a diuers
Tone ; Aswellasa diuers Lowdneffé: But they doe not fo; For though
the Sound of the one be Louder, and of the other Softer, yet the Tone is
the fame. Befides, in Eeebo’s, (whereof fome are as lord as the Original
Veice,) there isno new Elifien ; but a Repercufiton only. But that which
conuinceth it moft ofall, is, that Sounds are generated, where there is
no Aire atal!, But thefe and the like Conceits, when Men haue cleared
their vnderftanding, by the light of Experience, will featter,and breake
vp like a Mift. "

It is certaine, that Sownd is not produced ar the firft, but with fome
Lecall Motion of the Aire,ot Flame,or {ome other Medinm;Nor yet with-
outfome Refiffance,cither in the Aire, or the Bedy Perew/fed. For ifthere
be a meere Yeelding, or Ceflion,it produceth no Sound ; As hath beene
faid, And therein Sounds differ from Light, and Colours ; which paffe
thorow the Aire, or other Bodies, without any Lecall Motion of the Aire;
either at the firft, or after, Buc you muft attentively diftinguifh, be-
tweene the Lecall Motion of the Aire, (which is but Vehiculum Cau/fz, A
Carrier of the Sounds,) and the Sounds themfelues, Conueighed in the
Aire. Foras tothe former, we fee manifeftly, tharno Sewnd is produ-
ced(no not by Asreit felfe againft other Aire,as in Orgams,8cc.)but with
aperceptible Bls/? of the Atre; And with fome Refi/tance of the Aires
ftrucken, For cuenall Speech, (which is one of the gentleft Motions of
Aire, ) is with expulfien of a little Breath, And all Pspeshaue a Blatt,
aswellasa Sound, VWVe fee alfo manifeftly, that Sewmds arecarried with
Wind: And therefore Sossds willbe heard further with the Wiad, than
againft the Wind; And likewife doe rife and fall with the Intenfion or
Remiffion of the Wind, But for the Jmpreften of the Sennd, it is quite an-
other Thing ; And is vtterly without any Lecall Motion of the Aire, Pere

ceptible; And in that refembleth the Species vifible: For after a Mas

hath lured, or a Beis rung, we cannot difcerneany Perceptible Motion
(at all) in the Aire, along as the Sound geth s but only at the firlt, Nei- |
ther doth the Wind (as far as it carrieth a Voice, ) with the Motion thereof, |
confound any ofthe Delicate, and Articulate Figurations of the dire,
in Varictic of Words, And ifa Avan fpeake a good loudnefit, againft

the

(Century. Il.

the Flame of aCandle, it will not make it rremble much ; taough moft,
when thofe Letésers are pronounced, which contra@ the Mouth; As F,
S,¥, and fome others. But Gentle Breathing, or Blowing without (peaking,
will moue the Candlefar more. And itis the more probable, that Sound
iswithout any Locall Motion of the Aire, becaufe as it differeth from the
Sighi, in that itneedeth a Locall Motion of the dire at firft; So it paralle-
leth in fo many other things with the Sight, and Radiation of Things vi/i-
ble; Which (withourall queftion) induce no Locall Motion in the Aire,
as hath beene faid,

Neuertheleffe it is true, that vpon the Noife of Thander, and great
Ordnance ; Glaffe windowes will fhake; and Fifhes are thought to bee
fraied with the Motion, cauled by Noi/e vpon the water. But thefe Ef
feéts are from the Locall Motion of the dire, which isa Concomitant
of the Sound (as hath beene {aid;) and not from the Sownd,

Ithath beeneanciently reported, and is ftillreceiued, that Extreme
Applanfes, and Shouting of People aflembled in great Mu!titudes, haue
forarified, and broken the Aire, that Birds flying ouer, haue falne
downe, the Aire being net abletofupport them. And it is beleeued by
fome, that Great Ringing of Bels in populous Cities, hath chafed away
Thunder: and alfo diflipated Peftilent Aire: All which may be alfo from
the Concuffion of the Aire, and not from the Souad,

Avery great Sound, neere hand, hath ftrucken many Deafe; And at

‘the Inftant they haue found, as it were, the breaking of a Skin er Parch-
ment in their Eare : And my felfe ftanding neere on that Lured loud,
and fhrill, had fuddenly an Offence, as if fomewhat had broken, or
beene diflocated in my Eare; And immediatly after, a loud Ringing ;
(Noran ordinary Singing, or Hifling, but far louder, and differing;){o
as I feared fome Desfneffe, But after fome halfe Quarter of an Houre
it vanifhed, This Effect may be truly referred vnto the Sond : For (as
is commonly receined) an omer-potent Obiect doth deftroy the Senfe; And
fpirituall Species, (both Wifible and Audible) willworke vpon the Senfo-
ries, though they moue not any other Body,

In Delation of Sounds, the Enclofare of them preferueth them, and
eaufeth them to beheard further. And wee finde in Roules of Parch-
ment, or Trunckes, the Mouth being laid to theone end of the Reule

*| of Parchment, or Truncke,and the Zare to the other,the Sound is heard

much further, than in the Open Aire, The Can/e is, for that the.Sonnd

fpendeth, and is diffipated in the Oper Aire; Burin fuch Concaues it is

conferued, and contracted. So alfo ina Peece of Ordnance, if yeu {peak

in the Touch-hole, and another lay his Hare to the Mouth ofthe Peece,
the Sound paffeth, and is farreberter heard, than in the Open Aire.

Itis further to bee confidered, how it proueth and worketh, when
the Souad isnot enclofed all the Length of his Way, but paflech part-
ly thorow open Aire; As where you /peake fome diftance from a
Trunck, or where the Eare is fome diftance from the Trsack,at the other
End; Or where both Mouth and Eare are diftant from the Trumcke, And

E :

1c }

128

129

130

44

131

132

133

134

135

136

Natural Hifiory:

it is tried; that in along Trwnke, of fomeeight or ten foot, the Sound is
holpen, though both the Mourh, and the Eare be a handfull, or more,
from the Ends of the Tramke; And fomewhat more holpen, when the
Eare of the Hearer is neere, than when the Mouth of the Speaker, And it
iscertaine, that the Voice is better heard ina Chamber from abroad, than
abroad from within the Chamber, |

As the Enclofwre,chat is Rownd about and Entire,preferueth the Sounds
So doth a Semsi-Cencaue, though in aleffe degree, And therefore, if you
diuide a Trunke or a Cane into two, and one {peake at the one end, and
you lay your Eareat the other, it will carry the Voice furcher,than in the
Aire at large. Nay further, if it bee not a full Semé-Concawe ; but ifyou
doe the like vpon the af? of a Ship,or a long Pole, or a Peece of Ordnance
(theugh one fpeake vpon the Surface of the Ordnance, and not at any of
the Bores ; ) the ¥e/ce will be heard further,than in the Aire at large,

It would be tried, how, and with what proportion of difaduantage,
the Voice willbe carried in an Horne, which is a litte Arched ; Or in
a Trumpet, which is aline Retorted; Or in fome Pipe that were Si-
nuous,

It is certaine, (howfoeuer it croffe the Receiued Opinion) that
Sounds may be created without Aire, though 4ére be the moft fauoura-
ble Deferent of Sounds, Take a Veffell of Water,and knap a paite of Tongs
fome depth within the Water, and you fhall heare the Sound ef the
Tongswell, and not much diminifhed; And yet there isno Affe atall

refent.

Take one Peffell of Siler, and another of Weed, and filleach of them
full of Water, and chen knap the Tongs together, as before, about an
handfull from the Bottome, and you fhall finde the Sand much more
Refounding from the ve/ell of Silwer, than from that of Wood: And yet
ifthere be no water in the Vefell, fo that you knap the Tongs in the
Aire, you fhall finde no difference, betweene the Siluer and Woodden
Fefell, VWWhereby, befide the maine point of creating Sosnd without
Aire, you may colle& two Things: The one, that the Soumd communi-
cateth with the Bottome of the ¥e/ell: The other,that fuch a Commu-
nication paffeth farre better, thorow Water, than dire.

Strike any Hard Bodies together, in the Middeft of a Flame, and you
fhall hearethe Sound, with little difference, from the Sosmd in the
Aire,

The Prewmaticall Part, which is in all Tangible Bodies, and hath fome
Affinity with the ire, performeth, in fome degree, the Parts of the
Aire; Aswhen youknocke vpon an Evspty Barrell, the Sownd is (in part)
created by the Aire on the Out-fide; And (in part) by the Asre inthe
Infide ; For the Sound will be greater or leffer, as the Barrell is more
Empty, ormore full; But yet the Sewnd parcicipateth alfo with the
Spirit in the Wood, thorow which it paffeth, from the Outfide to the In-
fide: And fo it commeth to pafle, in the Chiming of Be/s, on the Out-
fide; where alfo the Sownd pafieth to the lnfide: And a number of o-

ther

a ep

(Century. II,

ther like Inftances, whercof we fhall fpeake more, when we handle the

‘Communication of Sounds.

It were extreme Groffenefle to thinke (as we haue partly touched
before) thatthe Soumd in Strings is made, or produced, betweene the
Hand and the String, or the Quill and the String, or the Bew and the
String: For thofe are but Yebicule Moths, Paffages to the Creation of the
Sound; the Sowsd being produced becweene the String and the dire;
And thatnot by any /mpalfion of the Aire fom the fitit Motion of the
String; but by the Retwrne or Re/alt of the String, which was ftrained by
the Touch, to his former Place: which Moston of Refult is quicke and
fharpe;Whereas the firft Motion, is foft and dull, Se the Bowtertureth
the String contiaually, and thereby holdcth it in a Continual! Zrepi-
dation.

Akea Truncke, and let one whiftle at the one End, and hold your

Eare at the other, and you fhill finde the Seand ftrike fo (harpe,as
you can f{carce endure it, The Caw/e is,for that Sowad diffufeth ic felfe in
round;And fo fpendeth it Selfe; But ifthe Soumd, which would ‘catter
in Opes Asre,be made to goeall intoa Canale; [t muft needs giue grea
ter torce to the Sound, And fo you may note, that Enclofwres doc not
onely preferue Sound, butalfo Encreafe and Sharpen it,

A Hunters Horne, being greater atone end, than atthe other, doth
increafe the Sowsd more, than if the Horne were all of an equall Bore,
The Caw/é is, for that the Aire, and Sound, being firft contra&ted at the
leffer End, and afterwards hauing more Roometo {pread at the grea-
ter End; de dilate themfelues; And in Comming out ftrike more Aére ;
whereby the Sound is the Greater, and Bafer, And euen Awnters Hornes,
which are fometimes made ftraight, and not Oblique, are euer greater
atthe lowerend, It would be tried alfo in Pipes, being made far larger
at thelower End : Orbeing m:dewith a Bely towards the lower End;
And then iffuing into a ftraight Concaue againe.

There isin Sant lames Fields, a Conduit of Briske, ynto which ioy-
netha low Vault; And at the End of that, a Round Houfe of Stone: And
in the Bricke Condwit there is a Window; And inthe Rewnd How/e a Slit
or Rift of fome little breadth : If you cry out in the Rift, icwill make a
fearefull Roaring at the Window, The Cas/é is the fame with the for-
mer; for that all Comcawes, that proceed from more Narrow to more
Broad, doe amplifie the Sound at the Comming our,

Hawkes Bels, that haue Holes in the Sides, giuea greater Ring, than
if the Pellet did ftrike vpon Braffe, in the Opes Aire. The Caufe is the
fame with the firft /s/fance of the Truwke; Namely, for that the Sound
Enclofed with the Sides ofthe Bel,commeth forth at the Heles vufpent,
and more ftrong.

In Drums, the Clofeneffe round about, that preferueth the Sewmd
ftom difperfing, maketh the Nes/écome forth atthe Dram=Hole, f :rre
more loud, and ftrong, than if you fhould ftrike vpon the like Sksn, ex-

E2 tended

337

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Magritude,and
Exility, and
Dawps of
Sounds,

138
139

140

141

142

144

146

147

148

M49

|
i
ry

| both fromm Expence, or Difperfing:

Natural: Hiftory :

tended in the Open Aire, The Canfe is. the fame with theltwo pre-

cedent haves : '

Be Sounds axe better heard jand further off,in an Zaensng,or invthe Night,
than atthe Wogne, drinthe Day. The Caaf isyfor that in the Day,when

the Aire is more Thin, Gro doubt) the Sownd pierceth becter ; Burwhen
the Aireis more Thicke (as in the Nizht) the.Soand {pendecth and fprea~

‘| deth abroad leffe : And foitisa Degree of Enclofare, As for the Night,

itis truealfo, that the Generall Sdece helperhs ; )
There be two Kindsof Reflexions of Sounds; The one at Diffamces,

\ which is the Eecho sy Wherem the Oréginall is heard diftingly, and the
| Reflexion alfo diftin€ly ;Of which we thall fpeake hereafter : The other
‘| in Concurrence When the Sound Reflecting (che Reflexion being heere
| athand) returneth immediatly vpon the Oréginall, and fo itcratethir)

not, butamplifieth ir, Therefore we fee, that Muficke vpon the water

» |foundechiniore ; And fo likewife Muficke is better imChambers Wain-'
~, 5 : 4 '

fcorted, than Hanged, | ; ;
The Strings of a Lure, or Violl, or Virginalls, doe giuea far greater

| Sound, by.ceafon of the Knot, and Board, and Concayevnderneath, than,
° | ifthere were nothing but onely the F/at of a Board, withoutthar Hollow

and Kaot,to letin the Vpper Aire into the Lower, The Caw/e is, the
Communication of the Vpper Aire with the Lowers AndPenning of
An Jrifh Harpe hath Qpen Aire on both fides of the Strings: And.
it hath the Comcane or Belly, novalong the Striags, but at the ud of thie

Strings. It maketh amore Refounding Sownd,chan a Bamdorajorpharion,
| or Gitterne, which hauclikewife Wire-firings. Liudge theCan/e to be,

for that Open Aire on both Sides helpeth, fo that there be a Concane; |
Which is therefore beft placed arthe End,

InaVirginall, when the Lid isdowne, it maketh a more exile Sound,
than when'the Lédis open. The Cau/fe is, for that all Shutting in of Aire,
where there isno competent Vent, dampeth the Sound. Which main-
taineth likewife the former /mflance ; For the Belly of the Lute, or Faell, |
doth pen the Aire lonyewhat.

There isa Church at Glocefter (and as] haue heard, the like is in fome
other plagcs;) where ifyou {peake againft a Wall, foftly, another fhall
heare your Voice better a good way off, chan neere hand. Enquiremore
particularly of the Frame of that Place, I fuppofe there is fume Vaule,
or Hollow, or Ifle, behind the Wall, and fome Paflage to it towards
thé further end of that Wall, againft which you {peake ; So asthe Voice
ofhimthatfpeaketh, flideth along the Wall, and then entreth at fome

Psifage,andcommunicareth with the Aire ofthe Hollow;For it is pre- |

ferued fomewhat by the plaine Wall; but that istoo weake to giuea
Sound Audible, tillit hath communicated with the backe Aire,
Strikevpon a Bow/lring, and lay the Horne of the Bow neere your |
Bere, and dewill increafe the Sound, and make a dcerce ofa Tome, The |
Gaufe is, for that the S¢nfory, by reafon of the Clofe Holding, is srt |
culled, |

ee

Century. II.

cuffed, before the Aire difperfeth. The like is, if you hold the Horne>

betwixt your Teeth, But tharisa plaine Delation of the Sound; from the
Teeth, to the Inftrument of Hearing ; For there is a great Entercourfe
betweene thofe two Parts; As appeareth by this; That a Harth Grating
Tne fetceth the Teeth on edge, The like falleth out, if the Horne of the
Bow be putvpon the Temples; But that is but the Slide of the Sound
from thence to the Eare.

Ifyoutake a Rod of Jran, or Braffe; and hold the one end to your
Eare, and ftrike vpon the other, it maketh a far greater Soasd, than the
like Stroke vpon the Rod, not fo mae Contiguous to the Eare. By
which, and by forme other Znffances, that hauebcene partly touched, it
fhould appeare ; That Seands doe not only flide vpon the Surface of a
Smooth Body,but doealfo communicate withthe Spirits, thatare in
the Pores of the Body.

I remember in Trinity College in Cambridge, there was an Vpper Cham-

| ber, which being thought weake in the Roefe of it, was fupported by

a Pillar of Iron, of the bigneffe of ones Arme, in the middeft of the
Chamber ; Which if you had ftrucke, it would make alittle flat Noife
in the Roome where it was {trucke;But it would make a great Bombein
the Chamber beneath, a F

The Sownd whic is made by Buckets in a Well, when they touch vp-
on the Mater ; Or when they firike vpon the fide ef the Well; Or when
two Buckets dafh theoneagainft the other ; Thefe Sowsds are deeper,
and fuller, than if the like Percuffion were made in the Opes Aire. The
Casfeis, the Penning and Enclofure of the Aire, in the Concaue of
the Well, ; seat:

Barrels placed in aRoome vnder the Floare of a Chamber, make all
Noifes in the fame Chamber, more Full and Relounding. |

So that there be fine waies (in generall) of Maioration of Sounds: En-
clofure Simple; Enclofure with Dilatation; Communication; Reflexi-
on Concurrent; and Approach to the Senfory.

For Exility of the Voice, or other Sounds : It is certaine, that the
Foice doth pafle thorow Solid and Hard Bodies, if they be not too thick.
And thorow Water ; which is likewife a very Clofe Body, and fuch an
one, as Jetteth not in Aire. But then the Voice, or other Sownd, is redu-
ccd, by {uch paflage, to a great Weakne(fe, or Exility: If therefore you
ftop the Holes of a Hawkes Bell, it will make no Ring, buta flat Noife,or
Rattle. And fodoth the Aétites, or Eagles Stone, which hath a little
Stone within it. te!

Andas for #aser, it is a certaine Triall : Leta Man goe into a Bath,
and take a Paile, and turne the Bottome vpward, and carry the Mouth
of it, (Euen,) downe ro the Lenell of the Hater; and fo prefle it downe
vnder the Water, feme handfull and an halfe,(tillkeeping it euen, thatit
may not tilt on either fide,& fo the Aire get out:Then let him that is in
the Bath,diue with his Head fo far vader Water, as he may put his Head
into the Paile;8¢ there wil comeas much Aire bubling forth,as wil make

E 3 Roome

47

_—_—_

150

I52

153

154

£95

a i secre eenemenet ’

SN ee ee

Natural Hiflory :

Roome for his Head, Then lethim fpeak;and any that fhall Rand with-
out, fhall heare his Yosce plainlysbut yet'nvade extreme {harp and exile,
like the Voice of Pappets: Buryet the Articulate Sounds of the Words will
not be confounded, Nore that it may be much more handfomly done,
if the Paile be put ouer the Mans head aboue Water, and then he cowre
downe, and the Paile be prefled downe with him,Note thata man mutt
kneele or fit,that he may be lower than the Water. A Man would think,
that the Sicilian Poet had knowledge of this Experiment; For he faith ;
That Hercules Page Hylas went with a Water-por, to fillitata pleafant

.| Fountaine, that was ncere the Shoge, and chat the Nymphs of the Foun-

156

157

158

159

160

161

taine fell in loue with the Boy, and pulled him vnder Water, keeping him
aliue; And thatHercales miffing his Page, called him by his Name,
aloud, that all the Shore rang of it; and that Aylas from within the Wa-
ter, anfwered his Mafter; But (that which is to the prefent purpofe)
with fo fall and exile Voice, as Hercules thought he had beene three
miles off, when the Fountaine (indeed) was faft by,

In Lates, and Jaflruments of Strings, if you {top a String high (where-
by it hath leffe {cope to tremble) the Sound is more Treble, but yet more
dead,

Taketwo Saweers, and ftrike the Edge of the oneagainft the Bottom
of the other, within a Pailé of Water; And you fhall finde, thatas you
put the Saweers lower and lower, the Sound groweth more flat; euen

| while Part of the Saweer is aboue the Water; But that Flatnefle of
Sound is ioyned with a Harthnefle of Sound ; which (nodoubt) is cau-

| fed by the Inequality of the Sound,which commeth from the part of the
Sameer vnder the Water, and from the Part aboue. But when the Sameer
is wholly vnder the Water, the Sound becommeth more cleare, butfarre
more low ; And as if the Sound came from a farre off,

A Soft Body dampeth the Soundymuch more than a Hard; As ifa Bell
hath Cloth,or Silke wrapped about it, it deadeth the Sou#d more,than
if it were Wood. And therefore in Clericals, the Keyesarelined; And
in Colleges they vfe to line the Tablemen,

Triall was made ina Recorder,after thefe feverall manners, The Bot-
rome of it was {et againft the Palme of the Hand ; ftopped with Wax
round abouts fet againft a Damaske Cufhion ; Thruft into Sand; Into
Athes; Into VWater(halfe an Inch ynderthe Water;) Clofc to the Bot-
tome ofa Siluer Bafins. And ftill the Zone remained: but the Bottome
of it was fet againfta Woollen Carpet ; A Lining of Pluth ; A Lock of
Wooll, (though loofcly put ins) Againft Snow; And the Sound of it
was quite deaded, and but Breath, © ;

Iron Hot,produceth not fo full a Sound,as when it is Cold ; For while
it is hot,itappeareth to be more Soft,and leffe Refounding. So likewife
Warme Water, when it falleth, maketh not fo full a Sound, as Cold: And
I conceiue it is fofter,and neerer the Nature of Oile; For it is more flip-

pery ; As may be perceiued, in that it fcowreth better.
Let there bea Recorder made,with two Fipples, at each end one; The
Trunke

|
|

Century. Ll.

Trancke of it of the length of two Recorders, and the Holes an{iwerable
toward cachend; And let two play the fameleflon vponit, at an Vuie
fon: Andletit be noted, whether the Sousd. be confounded, or ampli
fied; or dulled. So, likewife leta Crefe bee made, of two Trunckes
| (thorow-out) hollow 5, And let two {peake, os fing, che one long-waics,
the other trauerfe: And ler two heare at the oppofite Ends3,Andwore,
whether the Soand be covifoundeds amplified 5 or dulled, Which tivo
Inflances will allo giue light tothe atixture of Soands ; whereof we fhall
{peake hereafter,
A Bellowes blownein atthe Hole ofa Drumme, and the: Drwvane then
ftrucken, maketh the Sound a little flatter, but no othenapparent. Alte-
ration. The Caafe ismanifeft; Partly for tharichindeneth the Iffue of
the Sound; And partly for thatic makeththevéire, being blowne toge-
ther, left moueable, ait

—EE—————_—=—=—=z££

He Loudneffe and Softueffe of Sounds, isa Thing diftin& from the

Maguitude and Exility ot Soands ; Fora Bafe String, though foftl;
ftrucken, giueth the greater Sound ; But a Treble String, it hard {trucken,
will be heard much further off.And the Caw/e is, for that the Ba/e String
fitiketh more Aire; And the Treble life Azre, but with a fharper Per-
cuffion. |

It is therefore the Strength of the Percu/fon, that is a Principal! Cafe
of the Loudne(fe or Softmeffe of Sounds: Asin knacking harder or fofter;
Winding ofa Horne ftronger or weaker; Ringing of a Hand-bell hai-
der or fofier,8cc. A 1d the Strength of this PercufSien,confifteth,as much,
or more, in the Hardneffeot the Body Percuffed, as inthe Force of the Bo
die Percsffing : For if you {trike again{t a Cloch,it will giuea leffe Sound;
Ifagainft Wood, a greater; If againft Metall, yeta greater; And in
Meralls,ifyou ftr ke againft Gold, (which is the more pliant,) it giueth
the flatter Sound ; If againft Silucr, or Braffe, the more Ringing Sound.
As for Aire, whercit is ftrongly pent, ic matcheth a Hard Bady, And
theretore we {ee in difcharging of a Peece, whata great Noife it maketh.
We fee al fo, that the Charge with Bullet; Or with Paper wer,and hard
topped ; Or with Powder alone, rammed in hard; maketh no great
difference in the Loudneffe of the Report,

The Sharpneffe or Quickneffe of the Percufton, isa greatCauye of the
Loudnefje,as well asthe Strength: Asin a Whip,or Wand, if you ftrike
the Avre with ir;the Sharper and Quicker you firikeit,the Louder Sound
itgiueth. And in playing vpon the Late, or Verginalls, the quicke Stroke
ot Touch, is a great life to the Soumd, The Casfeis, for that the Quicke
Striking cutretl the Aire{peedily ; whereas the Soft Striking doth rae
ther beat, than cut.

The (ommunication of Sounds (as in Bellics of Lutes,Emp-_
tic Veffells,¢vc. ) hath beenetouched obiter,in the Maioration
of Sounds : But ivis fitalfotomakea Title of it apart.

es ee Ee nen ee

The

162

Experiments
in Confort,

touching the |

Loud#aje or
Sufinelfe: of
Sounds; andi.
their Oaorduge at
loxgeror (hyeter
Difteace.

163
164

165

Experiments
in Confort, tou-
ching the Com-

| munication of
| Sexads,

Sa

50 Natural History:

166 The Experiment for greateft Demonftration of Communication of
Sounds, is the Chiming of Bells; whereif you {trike with a Hammer yp-
on the Vpper Part, and then vpon the Midft, and then vpon the Lower,
you fhall finde the Sound to be more Treble,and more Bafe, according
vato the Concaue, on the Infide; though the percuffion be onely on
the Out-fide.

167 When the Sownd is created betweene the Blaf of the Mouth, and the
Aare of the Pipe, it hath neverthelefle fome Communication with the
Matter of the Sides of the Pépe,and the Spirits in them contained ; for
in a Pipe or Trumpet, of Wood, and Brafle, the Send willbe diuers;So

if the Pipe be couered with Cloth, or Silke, it will giue a divers Sound,
from that it would doe ofit felfe ; So, ifthe Pipe bea ttle wet on the In-
fide, it will make a differing Sound, from the fame Pipe drse,
168 That Sousd made within Water, doth communicate better with a
hard Body thorow Wafer, than madein Aire, it doth with Aire; Video
Experimenta 134,

Experiments
in Confort tou-
ching Equality,
and Inequalsjy
of Sounds.

We haue fpoken before ( inthe Inquifition touching Mu-
cke,) of Muficall Sounds,whereunto there may bea Concord
or Difcord in two Parts ; Which Sounds we call Tones: And
likewifeof Immuficall Sounds ; And hauc giuen theCaw/é,that
the Tone proceedeth of Equality, andtheother of Inequality.
And we haue alfo exprefled there, what are the Equall Bodies
that giue Tones, and what are the Vnequall that giue none. But
now we fhall {peake of fuch Inequality of Sounds, as procee-
deth, not from the Nature of the Bodies themfelues, but is
Accidentall ; Either from the Roughneffe, or Obliquity of the
Paffage ; Or fromthe Doubling of the Percutient , Or from the
Trepidation of the Motion.

A Bell, ifit haue a Rift in it,whereby the Sound hath not acleare Paf-
fage, giueth a Hoarfe and Jarring Sound ; So the Voice of Maw, when by
Cold taken the Wefill groweth rugged, and (as we call it) furred, be-
commeth hoarfe, And in thefe two Inflances, the Sownds are Ingrate;
becaufe they are meerely Vmequall : But, if they be Ymequall in Equalstie,
then the Sound is Gratefull, but Purling.

All Jaftruments, that hauc either Retwrnes, as Trumpets;Or Flexions,
as Cornets; Orare Drawne up, and put from, as Sackbuts ; hauea Pwr.
ling Sound : But the Recorder or Flute, thathauenone of thefe Jpequals-
ties, giueacleare Sowwd, Neuerthelefie, the Recorder it felfe, or Piper
moiftened a little in the Infide, foundeth more folemnly, and witha lit-
tle Purling, or Hiffing, Againe, a Wreathed String, {uch as are in the
Bafe Strings of Bamdoraes, giucth alfo a Purling Sound,

Buta Lute-/lring, if it be meerely Vmequall in his Parts,giuetha Harfh
an

—

169

170

17

Century, LN.

and Vatuneable Sound; which Strings we call Fal/e, being bigger in

one Place than in another 5 And therefore Wire-/rings are neuer -Falfe
We feealfo, that when we trie a Falfe Lute-/rring, we vfete extend
hard betweene the fingers, and.co ullipic;, Andif. ip giuetha double
Species, it is Trwe 5 Buc itic giuetha treble, ot more, itis Fal/ey :

Waters, in the Noife they make asthey runne, reprefentto the Eare a |

Trembling Noife And in Regalls, (where they haue aPipe, they, call the
Nightingale- Pipe, which containeth Water) the Sovmd hatha continual
Trembling ; And Children haue alfo little Things they call cackes,
which haue Water in them; And when they blow, or whiftle in them,
they yeeld a Trembling Noife;\Vhich Trembling of Waser, hath,an.affini-
tiewith the Létrer Z, Allwhich Jmequalities of Trepédation, are rather
pleafanr, than otherwife, ‘ : '

All Bafe Notes,or very Treble Notes, giue an Afper Sowad;For thatthe
Ba/fe ftriketh more Aire, than itcan well trike equally: And the T7ebley
cutteth the dire fo fharpe, as it, returneth too {wift, to makethe Sound
Eguall ; And therefore a Meame or Tener, is the {weeteft Part,

Weknow Nothing,thar can at pleafyre makea AMu/ficall or Jemmanficall
Sound,by voluntary Motion,but the Voice of Man, and Birds, The Caufeis,
(no doubt) inthe Weafill or Wind-pipe,(which we call 4fera Arteria,)
which being well extended, gathereth, Equality ;, Asa Bladder that is
wrinckled; if ic be extended, becommethlinooth, The Extenfion is al-
wayes more in Tones ,than in Speech: Therefore the Inward Voice or Whi-

per can neuer giue a Tone: And in Sénging,there is(manifeftly) a greater
Working and Labour of the Throat,thanin Speakéng ; As appearethin
the Thrufting out, or Drawing in ofthe Chin, when we fing.

The Summing of Bees,is an Vequall Buzzing; And is conceiued, by
fome of the Ancients, not to come forthat their Mouth, butto be an
Inward Sound; But (it may be) itis neither; Butfiom the motion of
their Wings; Foricis nor heard but when they ftirre,

All Metals quenched in Water, giuea Sibilation or Hiffing Sound ;
(which hath an Affinitie with the letter Z.) notwithftanding the Sound
becreated betweene the Water ot Vapoar, and the dire, Seething allo, if
there be but {mall Store of Water in.a Veffell, giueth a Hiffing Sound;
But Boyling in a full Veffell, giueth a Bubling Sowsd,drawing fomewhat
neare to the Cockes vied by Children.

Trial! would be made, whether the Inequality, or Interchange of the
Medinm, will novproduce an Inequality of Sound; Asifthree Bells were
made one within another, and 4éve betwixt Each; and then the outer-
moft Bell were chimedwith a Hammer, how the Seand woulddiffer

.froma Simple Bell. Solikewife take a Plate of Brae, and a Plancke of |

Wood, and ioyne them clofe together, and knock ypon one of them, and
fee ifthey doenot giue an Vaequall Sound. So make two or three Parti
tions of Wood ina Hogfhead, with Holes or Knotsinthem; And marke
the difference of their Sound, from, the Sound of an Hog head, without
fuch Partitions,

It

172

Y7a

174

175

176

177

ez | Naturall Hiflory:

— ee

|

a soe T iseuident,that the Percufion of the Greater Q wantity of Aire,cauleth
voniling he the Bafer Sound ; And the lefle Quantity, the more Treble Sound, The
moretrevlesand | Peycuffion of the Greater Quantity of Aire, is produced by the Greatne/fe of

the more Bafe

aan. ox MAE: the Body Percufiing; By the Latitude of the Concaue, by which the Soand
call sounds. | paffethsand by the Longitude of the fame Concane.Therfore we fee that a

178 Ba(e firing,is greater than a Treble; A Bafe Pipe hatha greater Bore than
a Treble; And in Pipes,and the like, the lower the Note Holes be, and
the further off from the Mouth of the Pipe, the more Ba/é Sound they
yeeld ; And the nearer the Mouth, the more Treble, Nay more, ifyou
ftrike an Entire Body, as an Andiron of Brafe, atthe Top, it maketha
mot Treble Sownd; And atthe Bottomea Bafer.

179 It is alfo euidenr, that the Sharper or Quicker PercufSion of Aire cau-
feth the more Treble Sound ; And the Slower or Heawier, the more Ba/e
Sound, Sowc fee in Strings; the more they are wound vp, and {trained ;
(And thereby giue amore quicke Start-backe; ) the more Trebleis the
Sound; Andthe flackerthey are, or leffe wound vp, the Bafer is the
Sound. And therefore a Bigger String more ftrained,and a Leffler String,
leffe ftrained, may fall into the fame Tone,

180 Children, Women, Ewnuchs haue more fimall and fhrill Yoyees, than
Men, The Reafon is, not for that few haue greater Heat, which may
make the Voice ftronger, (for the ftrength ofa Poice or Sownd, doth make

‘ a difference in the Lowdne/fe or Softme//é, burnot in the Zone;) But from

the Dilatation of the Organ ; which (it is true) is likewife caufed by

Hear, But the Caufe of Changing the Voice, at the yeares of Pubertie, ts

moreobfcure, It feemeth to be, for that when much of the moifture of

the Body, which did before irrigate the Parts, is drawne downe to the
| Spermaticall veffells; it leaueth the Body more hot than it was;whehce

commeth the Dilatation of the Pipes : For we {ee plainly, all Effedts of
| Heat, doe then come on ; As Pilofity, more Roughneffe of the Skinne,
: Hardneffe of the Flefh, &c.

181 The Induftry of the Mwfitian, hath produced two other Meanes of
| Straining ox Intenfion of Strings, befides their Winding vp, The one is the
| Stepping of the String with the Finger 5 Asin the Neckcs of Lutes,Viols,
-&c. The other is the Shortweffe of the String ; Asin Harps, Virginalls,

| &c. Both thefe haue one, and the fame reafon; For they caufe the

| Serving to giue a quicker Start.

In the Straining of a String, the further itis ftrained, the leffe Super-
frraining gocth toa Note ; For it requireth good Winding of a String,
before it will make any Note atall: And in the Stops of Lutes, &c, the
higher they goe, the leffe Diftance is betweene the Frets.

183 If you fill a Drinking-Gla/fe with Waser, (efpecially one Sharpe below,
and Wide aboue, ) and fillip vpon the Brim, or Out-fide; And after
emptic Part of the Water, and fo more and more, aid ftill erie the Tore
by Fillipping; you fhall finde the Tope fall, and be more Be/é, as the
Glafe is more Emptic.

The

182

———

ere ee ea
(Century. LI, | 3

ee

The Iuft and Meafured Proportion of the Aire Percuffed,to- | Experiments
wards the Baféne/fe or Treblenef[e of Tones, is one of thegzea- ranching Wi
teft Secrets in the Contemplation of Sounds, For it dilcoue-| 7/20 sri sap
reth the true Coincidence of Tones into Diapafons; Which is the | **
Returne of the fame Sound. And fo of the Concords and Di/-
cords,betweence the Vnifon,and Diapafon;Which we haue tou-
ched before, in the Experiments of Muficke; but thinke firto
re{ume it here, asa principall Part of our Enquiry touching
the Nature of Sounds. It may be found out in the Proportion ot
the Winding of Strings: In the Proportion of the Diftance of
Frets; And inthe Proportion of the Concane of Pipes, &c. But
moft commodioufly in the laft of thefe.

Trie therefore the Winding of a String once about, as foone asitis
brought tothat Extenfion, as will giue a Zone; And then of twice a-
bout; And thrice about, &c, And marke the Scale or Difference of
the Rife of the Tose: Whereby you fhali difcouer, in one, two Effects ;
Both the Proportion of the Sound towards the Dimenfion of the Winding ;
And the Proportion likewife of the Sound towards the String,as it is more
orlefleftrained. Burnote that to meafure this, the way willbe, rotake
the Length ina right Line of the Ssriag, vpon any Winding about of

the Pegege,

As for the Stops, youare to take the Namber of Frets; And princi
pally the Lemgth of the Line, from the firft Stop of the String, vnto fuch
a Stopas fhall produce a Dispafom to the former Stop, ypon the fame

184

String.

Butit will beft(as it is faid) appeare, in the Bores of Wind-Infiraments:
And therefore caufe fome halfe dozen Pipes, to be made, in length,and
all things elfe, alike, with a fingle, double, and fo ontoa fextuple Bore;
And fo marke what Fall of Zome cuery one giueth,But ftill in thefe three
laft Inffances, you mutt diligently obferue, what length of String, or Di-
france of Stop, or Concane of Asre, maketh what Rife of Semmd. Asin the
laft of thefe (which (as we faid) is that, which giueth the apteft demon-
ftration,) you muft fet downe what Encreafe of Comeaue goeth to the
Making ofa Nore higher; And what of two Notes; And what of three
Notes; And fo vp to the Dispafon: For then the great Secret of Nam-
bers,and Proportions, will appeare. It is not vnlike, that thofe that make
Recorders, 8c. know this already: for that they make them in Sets. And
likewife Bell-founders in fitting the Tune of their Bells, So that Enquiry
may faue Triall, Surely, it hath beene obferued by one of the Ancients,
that an Emsptie Barrel knocked vpon with the finger, giueth a Diapa/on
tothe Soundof the like Barrell fall, Buit how that fhould be, I doenot
well vnderftand ; For chat the knocking ofa Barrell ful, or Emptie, doth

{carce giue any Tone,
‘There }_

{

SS

—

' Experiments

| inConforttou-
ching Articula-

| tion of Sounds.

i)

Experiments
in Confort
touching Extte
riouy, and 1nte-
rionr Sounds,

189

190

iot

192

Naturall Hiflors :

There is required fome fenfible Difference in the Proportion of crea-
ting a Note, towards the Sound it felfe, which is the Paffiue: And chatit |
| benortoo neare, butata diftance, Forina Recorder, the three vpper-
| moft Holes, yeeld one Tone 5 which is a Note lower than the Tone of the
firft three, And the like (no doubt) is required in the Winding or Stop-
ping of Strings.

}
;
|

Thereis another Difference of Sounds, which we will call
Exteriour,and Interiour.Icis not Soft, nor Loud; Nor ttis not
Bafe,nor Treble:Nor it isnot Mujfical,not Immufcall: Though
it be true, thattherecan be no Tone in an Interiour Sound : But /
onthe other fide, in an Exteriour Sound, there may be both
Muficall and Immuficall. We thall therefore enumerate them,
rather than precifely diftinguith them ; Though (to make
fome Adumbration of that we meane) the Interiour is rather
an Impulfion ot (ontufion of the Aire, than an Elifion or Section
of thefame. So as the Percufvion of the one, towards the other,
diftereth, as a Blow differeth from a Cut..

In Speech of Man, the Whifpering, (which they call Sufurrus in Latine,)
whether it be louder or fofter, isan Interiour Sound; But the Speaking
out, isan Exterionr Sound; Aud therefore you canneuer makea Tone,
nor fing in Whifpering ; But in Speech you may : So Breathing, or Blowing
by the Mouth, Bellowes, ot Wind, (though loud) is an Zmseriour Sound;But
the Blowing thorowa Pipe, or Concawe, (though foft) isan Exterieur. Se
likewife, the greateft Winds, if they haueno Coardation, or blow not
hollow, giue an Jateriowr Sound; ‘The Whiltling or hollow Wind yeel-
deth a Singing, or Exteriour Sound; The former being pent by fome o-
ther Body ; The latter being pent in by his owne Denfity: And there-
fore we fee, that when the Wind bloweth hollow, it is a Signe of Raine,
The Flame,as it moueth within it felfe,or is blowne by a Bellowes,giueth
a Murmur or /eteriour Sound, :

There isno Hard Body, but ftrucke againft another Hard Body, will
yeeld an Exteriour Sownd,greatct or leffer: In fo nsuch as if the Percufli-
on be ouer-foft, it may induce a Nullity of Soasd ; But acuer an Jate-
riour Sound, As when one treadeth fo foftly, that he is not heard.

Where the Aire isthe Percutient, pent, ormot pent, againft a Hard
Body, it neuer giuethan Exterienr Sound ; Asif you blow ftrongly with
a Bellowes againft a Wall, '

Sounds (both Exterioar and Interiowr,) may be made, as well by Sud#-
on, as by Emifsiow of the Breath: As in Whifling, or Breathing.

T is cuident, and itis oneof the ftrangeft Secrets in Sowmds, that the
whole Sound is notin the whole 4ire only; But the whole Sound is alfo
in cuery {mall Part of the Aire. So thatall the curious Diuerfity of Arti-
culate

Century. UI. By

the Flame of aCandle, it will not make it tremble much ; though moft,
when thofe Letsers are pronounced, which contraé the Mouth; As F,
S,¥, and fome others. But Gentle Breathing, or Blowing without (peaking,
will moue the Candlefar more. And itis the more probable, that Sovud
iswithout any Local Motion of the Aire, becaufeas it differeth from the
Sight, in that ttncedcth a Locall Motion of the dire at firft; So it paralle-
leth in fo many other things with the Sight, and Radiation of Things vifi-
ble; Which (withoutall queftion) induce no ZLocall Motion in the Aire,
as hath beene faid,

Neuertheleffe it is true, that vpon the Woi/e of Thunder, and etcat 126
Ordnance ; Glafle windowes will fhake ; and Fifhes are thought to bee
fraied with the Motion, caufed by Woi/e vpon the water. But thefe Ef-
fects are from the Locall Motion of the 4ire, which is a Concomitant
of the Sound (as hath beene faid;) and not from the Sound.

It hath beene anciently reported, and is ftillreceined, that Extreme 127
Applanfes, and Shouting of People aflembled in great Multitudes, haue
forarified, and broken the Aire, that Birds flying ouer, haue falne
downe, the Aire being net abletofupport them. And it is beleeued by
fome, that Great Ringing of Bels in populous Cities, hath chafed away
Thunder: and alfo diffipated Peftilest Aire: All which may be alfo from
the Concuffion of the Aire, and not from the Sound, - e

Avery great Sound, neere hand, hath ftrucken many Deafe; And at 128

the Inftant they haue found, as it were, the breaking ofa Skin er Parch-
ment in their Eare : And my felfe ftanding neere on that Lwred loud,
and fhrill, had fuddenly an Offence, as if fomewhat had broken, or
beene diflocated in my Eare; And immediatly after, a loud Ringing ;
(Noran ordinary Singing, or Hiffing, but far louder, and differing;)fo
as I feared fome Deafneffe, But after fome halfeQuarter of an Houre
it vanifhed, This Eftect may be truly referred vnto the Soand : For (as
is commonly receiued) an omer-potent Obiect doth deftroy the Senfe;And
fpirituall Species, (both Vifible and Audible) willworke vponthe Senfe-
ries, though they mouenotany other Body,

In Delation of Sounds, the Enclofure of them preferueth them, and 129
caufeth them to beheard further. And wee finde in Roules of Parch-
ment, or Trunckes, the Mouth being laid to the one end of the Reule
of Parchment, or Truncke,and the Eare to the other,the Sound is heard
much further, than in the Open Aire, The Can/e is, for that the Soumd

-| fpendeth, and is diffipated in the Opes Aire ; Butin fuch Concaues it is
_ conferued, and contracted, Soalfo ina Peece of Ordnance, if yeu {peak
in the Touci-hole, and another lay his Eare to the Mouth of the Peece, |
the Sound pafleth, and is farre better heard, than in the Open Aire.
-Icis furtherto bee confidered, how it proueth'and worketh, when |
the Sousd isnot enclofed all the Length of his Way, but paffeeh part-
ly thorow open Aire; As where you /peake'fome diftance’ from a }
Tranck; or where the Eare is fome diftance from the Trunck,at the other |
Eod; Or where both Mouth and Eare are diftant'from the Traacke, And

E it

130

44,

—— el

131

132

133

134

135

136

Naturall Frfiory:

Jee ees EE oe
it is tried, that in along Trwnke, of fomecight or ten feot, the Sound is
holpen, though both the Mouth, and the Eare be a handfull, or more,
from the Ends of the Tranke; And fomewhat more holpen, when the
Eare of the Hearer is ncere, than when the Mouth of the Speaker. And it
iscertaine, that the Peice is better heard ina Chamber from abroad, than
abroad from within the Chamber,

As the Enclofwre,that is Round about and Entire,preferueth the Sound;
So doth a Semsi-Contane, though in alefle degree, And therefore,if you
diuide a Trunke or a Cane into two, and one {peake at the oneend, and
you lay your Eareat the other, it will carry the Voice further,than in the
Aire at large. Nay further, if it bec not a full Semé-Concawe ; but ifyou
doe the like vpon the ff of a Ship,or a long Pole, or a Peece of Ordwance
(though one fpeake vpon the Surface of the Ordnance, and not at any of
the Bores ; ) the Yosce will be heard further,than in the Aire at large,

It would be tried, hew, and with what proportion of difaduantage,
the Voice willbe carried in an Horne, which is a line Arched; Or in
a Trumpet, which is aline Retorted; Or in fome Pépe that were Si-
nuoUus.

It is certaine, (howfoeuer it croffe the Receiued Opinion) that
Sounds may be created without Aire, though 4sre be the moft fauouta-
ble Deferent of Sounds, Take a Vefell of Water,and knap a paire of Tongs
fome depth within the Water, and you fhall heare the Sevwd of the
Tongswell, and not much diminifhed; And yet there isno Asreatall

refent.

Take one Pefell of Silwer,and another of Wed, and filleach of them
full of Water, and then knap the Tongs together, as before, about an
handfull from the Bottome, and you fhall finde the Sessd much more
Refounding from the Ve/ell of Silwer, than from that of Weed: And yet
ifthere be no water in the Yefell, fo that you knap the Tongs in the
Aire, you fhall finde no difference, betweene the Silwer and Woodden
Fefell. Whereby, befide the maine point ofcreating Sond without
Aire, you may colle two Things: The one, that the Soumd communi-
cateth with the Bottome of the ¥e/ell: The other,that {uch a Commu-
nication paffeth farre better, thorow Water, than Aire.

Strike any Hard Bodies together, in the Middeft of a Flame, and you
thall hearethe Sownd, with little difference, from the Soand in the
Aire,

The Pweumaticall Part, which isin all Tangible Bodies, and hath fome
Affinity with the Aire, performeth, in fome degree, the Parts of the
Aire; Aswhen youknocke vpon an Empty Barrell, the Sownd is (in part)
created by the Aire on the Out-fide; And (in part) by the Aire in the
Infide ; For the Sound will be greater or leffer, as the Barrell is more
Empty, or more full; But yet the Sewnd participateth alfo with the
Spirit in the Wood, thorow which it paffeth, from the Outfide tothe In-
fide: And fo it commeth to paffe, in the Chiming of Bels, on the Out-
fide; where alfo the Sownd paffeth to the lofide: And a number of o-

ther

Century. LI.

ther hike Inftances, whereof we fhall fpeake more, when we handle the

Communication of Sounds,

Ic were extreme Groffeneffé to thinke (1s we haue partly touched
before) that che Sound in Strings is madc, or produced, betweene the
Hand and the String, or the Quill and the String, or the Bew and the
String : For thofe are but Yehiewls Moths, Paffages to the Creation of the
Sound; the Soaud being produced betweene the String and the Aire;
And thatnot by any /mpalfien of the Aire f-om the firit Motion of the
String; but by the Retwrne or Refalt of the String, which was {trained by
the Touch, to hisformer Place: which Moon of Refult is quicke and
fharpe;Whereas the firft Motion, is {oft and dull, So the Bow tortureth
the String contivually, and thereby holdeth it in a Continuall Treps-
dation.

Akea Truacke, and let one whiftle at the one End, and hold your

Eare at the other, and you full finde the Sound ftrike fo tharpe,as
you can fcarce endure it, The Can/e is, for that Sownd diffufeth it felfe in
round;And fo fpendeth it Selfe; Butifthe Soumd, which would fcatter
in Open Atre,be made to goeall intoa Canale; [t muft needs ginegrea-
rertorce tothe Sousd, And fo you may note, that Enclofares doe nor
onely preferue Sound, butalfo Encreafe and Sharpen it,

A Hanters Horne, being greater atone end, than at the other, doth
increafe the Sousd more, than if the Herne were all of an equall Bore,
The Cau/e is, for chat the Aire, and Sownd, being firft contracted at the
leffer End, and afterwards hauing more Roometo f{pread at the grea-
ter End; do dilate themfelues; And in Comming out ftrike more Aire
whereby the Sound is the Greater, and Bafer, And cuen Awaters Hornes,
which are fometimes made ftraighr, and not Oblique, are euer greater
atthe lowerend, It would be tried alfo in Pipes, being made far larger
atthelowerEnd : Orbeing m dewith a Bely towards the lower End;
And then iffui: g into a ftraight Concaue againe.

There isin Susnt lames Fields, a Conduit of Bricke. vnto which ioy-
nethalow Vault; And atthe End ofthat, a Round Houfeof Scone: And
in the Bricke Conduit there is a Window ; And inthe Reand How/fe a Slit
or Rift of fome little breadth : Ifyou cry our tn the Rift, ie will make a
fearefull Roaring atthe Window, The Caw/e is the fame with the for-
mer; for that all Comcawes, that proceed from more Narrow to more
Broad, doe amplifie the Sond at the Comming out,

Hawkes Bels, that haue Holes in the Sides, giuea greater Ring, than
if the Pellet did {trike vpon Braffe, in the Opem Aire. The Caufe is the
fame with the firlt i/fance of the Trunke; Namely, for that the Sound
Enclofed with the Sides ofthe Bel,commeth forth at the Holes vafpent,
and more ftrong.

In Drums, the Clofeneffe round about, that preferveth the Sound
fiom difperfing, maketh the Noifé come forth at the DrwmeHole, farre
more loud, and ftrong, than if you fhould fir ke vpon the like Sksn, ex-

+2 tended

Bis.

137

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Magnitude and
Exulity, and
Daps of
Sounds.

138
139

140

I4t

142

4.6

143

144

145

146

147

148

bag

Naturall Fifiory :

tended in the Open Aire. The Cau/e is the fame with the ewo pre-.
cedent.
Sounds arc better heard and further off,in an Eaening,or in the Wight,
than at the Noone, or in the Day, The Caafe is, for that inthe Day,when
the Aire is more Thin, (no doubt) the Sound pierceth better ; Bur when
the Aire is more Thicke (as in the Night) the Sound {pendeth and fprea-
deth abroad leffe: And fo it isa Degree of Enclofure, Asfor the Night,
itis true alfo, that the Generall Silence helpeth.
There be two Kinds of Reflexions of Sounds; The one at Diffame»,
which is the Eecho ; Wherein the Originall is heard diftin&tly, and che
Reflexion alfo diftin€tly ;Of which we fhall {peake hereafter : The other
in Concurrence; When the SoundKeflecting (the Reflexion being heere
athand) returneth immediatly vpon the Origénall, and fo itcrateth it
not, butamplifieth it, Therefore we fee, that Muficke vpon the water
foundeth more ; And fo likewife Mtu/ficke is better in Chambers VWain-
fcotted, than Hanged, i 4
The Striags of a Lute, or Violl, or Virginalls, doe giuea far greater
Sound, by reafon of the Knet, and Board, and Concawewnderneath, than
if there were nothing but onely the &/at of a Board, without that Hollow
and Kast, to lecin the Vpper Aire into the Lower, The Caw/e is, the
Communication of the Vpper Aire with the Lower; AndPenning of

both from Expence, or Difperfing.

An Irifh Harpe hath Open Aire on both: fides of the Strings : And
it hath the Goncawe or Belly, notalong the Strings, but at the End of the
Strings. It maketh a more Refounding Sound,than a Bamdora,Orpharion,
or Citterne, which hauc likewife Wire-firings. I iudge theCas/e to be,
for that Open Aire on both Sides helpeth, fo that there be a Concame ;
Which is therefore beft placed atthe End,

InaVirginall, when the Lid is downe, it maketh a more exile Sound,
than when the Lédis open, The Cau/e is; for that all Shutting in of Aire, |
where there is no competent Vent, dampeth the Sound. Which main- |
taineth likewife the former Juffance 3 For the Belly of the Lute, or Viol, |
doth pen the Aire lomewhat, |

There isa Church at Gloceffer (and as } haue heard, the like is in fome |
other places;) where if you fpeake againft a Wall, foftly, another fhall |
heare your Yoice better a good way off, than neere hand, Enquire more
particularly of the Frame of that Place, I fuppofe there is fome Vaule,
or Hollow, or Ifle, behind the Wall, andfome Paflage to it towards
thé further end-ofthat VV all, again{t which you fpeake 5. So as the Yoice
of himthatfpeaketh, flideth along the Wall, and then entreth atfome
‘Paflage, and communicareth withthe Are ofthe Hollow;For it ispre- |
feruedfomew hat by the plaine Wall; buttliat.istoo weake to giuca -
Sound Audible, tillit hath communicated with the backe Aire,’

Strike vpon a Baw/tring, and lay the Horne of the Bow neere your
are, and iewill increafe the Sound,and make a degree ofa Tome, The
GCanjeiié, for that, the Senfory, by.reafon ofthe Cloft Holding; 'isper-

cuffed, |

\

| Century. I.

betwixt your Teeth, But that isa plaine Delation of the Sound; from the
Teeth, to the Inftrument of Hearing ; For there is a great Entercourfe
betweene thofe two Parts; As appeareth by this ; That a Harth Grating
Tane fecteth the Teeth on edge, The like falleth out, if the Horne of the
Bow be put vpon the Temples; But that is burthe Slide of the Sound
from thence to the Eare.

Ifyoutakea Rod of Iron, or Braffé, and hold the one end to your
Eare, and ftrike vpon the other, it maketha far greater Souad, than the
like Stroke vpen the Rod, not fo made Contiguous to the Eare. By
which, and by forne other Zoffances, that hauebeene partly touched, it
| fheuld appeare 5 That Sounds doe not only flide vpon the Surface of a
| Smooth Body,but doe alfo communicate with the Spirits, thacare in

the Pores of the Body.

Iremember in Trinity College in Cambridge, there was an Vpper Cham-
| Ber, which being thought weake in the Roofe of it, was fupported by
a Pillar of Iron, of the bigneffe of ones Arme, in the middeft of the
Chamber ; Which if youhad ftrucke, itwould make alittle flat Noife
in the Roome where it was ftrucke;But it would make a great Bombe in
the Chamber beneath,

The Sound which is made by Buckets in a Well, when they touch vp-
on the Water ; Or when they Strike vpon the fide ef the Well; Or when
two Buckets dath the oneagainft the other ; Thefe Soasds are deeper,
and fuller, than ifthe like Percuffion were made in the Opes Aire. The
Canfe is, the Penning and Enclofure of the Aire, in the Concaue of
the Well,

e.
Barrels placed in aRoome vnder the Floare of a Chamber, make all |

Noifes in the fame Chamber, more Full and Refounding,

So that there be fine wates (in generall) of Maioration of Sounds : En-
clofure Simple; Enclofure with Dilatation; Communication; Reflexi-
on Concurrent; and Approach ta the Senfory.

For Exility of the Voice, ot other Sonmds : It is certaine, that the
Voice doth patie thorow Solid and Hard Bodies, if they be not too thick.
And thorow Water ; which is likewife avery Clofe Body, and fuch an
one, as Jerteth notin Aire, But then the Poice, or other Sound, is redu-
ced, by fuch paffoge, to a great Weakneffe, or Exility, If therefore you
{top the Holes of a Hawkes Bell, it will make no Ring, buta flat Noife,or
Rattle. And fodoth the ésstes, or Eagles Stone, which hath a little
Stonewithin ir.

Andas for Water, itis a certaine Triall : Leta Man goe into a Bath,
and takea Paile, and turne the Bottome vpward, and carry the Mouth
of it, (Euen,) downe ro the Leuell of the frater; and fo prefle it downe
vnder the Water, fome handfull and an halfe, (till keeping it even, that it
may not tilton either fide,& fo the Aite get out:Then let him thatis in
the Bath,dive with his Head fo far vader Water, as he niay put his Head
into the Paile;& there wilcomeas much Ajre bubling forthyas wil make

cuffed, before the Aire difperfeth. The like is, if you hold the Harney

7

—_—_—_—_—

150

52

153

154

¥S5

E 3 Roome | _

—

CN eee

i

156

57

158

160

a

ET

Neaturall Fiiftory :

i
j

Roome for his Head, Then lethim fpeak;and any that fhall ftand wwith-

out, fhall heare his Voice plainly;but yet madeextreme fharp and exile, |
like the Yorce of Puppets : But yet the Articulate Soands of the Words will |

| notbe confounded, Note that it may be much more handfombty dong, |

if che Paile be put ouer the Mans head aboue Water, and then he cowre
downe, and the Pasle be prefled downe with him,.Note that a man mutt
kneele or fit,that he may be lower than the Water, A Man would think,
that the Sicilian Poet had knowledge of this Experiment; For he faith ;
That Hercules Page Hylas went with a Water-por, co fillitata pleafane
Fowntaine, that was neere the Shore, and that the Nymphs of the Foun-
taine fell in loue witl the Boy, and pulled him vnder Water,keeping him
aline,; And that Herewles miffing his Page, called him by his Name,
aloud, that all the Shore rang of its and that Aylas from within the Wa-
ter, anfwered his Mafter; But (that which is ro the prefent purpofe)
with fo {mall and exile a Voice, as Hercules thought he had beene three
miles off, when the Foustaine (indeed) was faft by,

In Lutes, and Ja/truments of Strings, if you {top a String high (where-
by it hath leffe {cope to tremble) the Sownd is more Treble, but yet more
dead,

Take two Saweers, and ftrike the Edge of the one againft the Bottom
of the other, within a Paile of Water ; And you {hall finde, thatas you
put the Sawcers lower and lower, the Sound groweth mere flat; ¢uen |
while Part of the Saweer is aboue the Water, But that Flatnefle of
Sound is ioyned with a Harfhnefle of Sound ; which (no doubt) is cau-
fed by the Inequality of the Sownd,which commeth from the part of the
Saweer vnder the Water, and from the Part aboue. But when the Sameer
is wholly vader the Water, the Sound becommeth more cleare, butfarre
more low ; Andas ifthe Sound came from a farre off,

A Soft Body dampeth the Sousd,auch more than a Aard; As ifa Bell
hath Clorh,or Silke wrapped about ir, it deadeth the Soumd more,than

if it were Wood. And therefore in Clerécals, the Keyes are lined; And |

in Colleges they vfe to line the Tablemen,
Trial] was made in a Recorder, after thefe feverall manners, The Bor-
rome of it was fet againft the Palme of thc Hund ; ftopped with Wax

roundabout; fer againft a Damaske Cufhion ; Thruft into Sand; Into

Athes; Into Water(halfean Inch vnder the Water;) Clofe to the Bor-

‘come ofa Siluer Bafin; And ftillthe Jose remained: bur the Bottome

of it was fet againfta Waollen Carpet ; A Lining of Pluth ; A Lockof
Wooll, (though loofely put in;) Againft Snow; And the Sound of it
was quite deaded, and but Breath,

TronHot,produceth not fo full a Sonnd,as when it is Cold ; For while
it is hot,itappeareth to be more Soft,and lefle Refounding, So likewife
Warme Water, when it falleth, maketh not fo full a Sound, as Cold: And
I conceiue it is fofter,and neerer the Nature of Oile; For it is more flip-
pery ; As may be perceiued, in that it {cowreth better,

Let there bea Recorder made,with two Fipples, at cach end one; The
Trunke

re nn pp nen

Century. Ll.

toward cach end; And let two play the fameleflon vpon it, at an Voi-
fon: And let it be noted, whether the Sownd be contounded ; or ampli-
fied; or dulled, So likewife let a Crofe bee made, of two Trunckes
(thorow-out) hollow; And let two {peake, or fiug,the one long-waies,
the other trauerfe: And let two heare at the oppofite Ends; And note,
whether the Soand be confounded; amplifieds or dulled, Which two
Inftances will allo gine light to the Aéxtare ot Seunds ; whereof we fhall
{peake hereafter,

A Bellowes blownein atthe Hole ofa Drumme, and the Drawmme then
ftrucken, maketh the Sousd a little fatter, but no other apparent Alte-
ration, TheCaa/e ismaniteft; Partly for thavit hindereth the [ffue of
the Sousd; And partly for chat it maketh the Aire, being blowne toge-
ther, lefl¢ moucable,

He Loudneffe and Softnefe of Sounds, isa Thing diftin& from the

Magnitude and Exility ot Soands ; For a Bafe String, though foftly
firucken, giveth the greater Sound ; Bur a Treble String, if hard ftrucken,
will be heard much further off.And the Caw/e is, for that the Ba/e String
ftriketh more Azre ; And the Treélelef{= Aire, butwitha fharper Per-
cuffion,

Ic is therefore the Strength of the Percujsian, that is a Principal! Can/e
of the Loudneffe or Softne/fe of Sousds: Asin knecking harder or fofter;
Winding of a Horne ftronger or weaker; Ringing of a Hand-bell har-
der or fofier,8c. And the Strength of this Percufien,confifteth,as much,
or more, in the Hardne/fe ot the Body Percuffed, as inthe Force of the Ba-
die Percujsing : For if you trike againfta Cloth, ir will giuea lefle Sound;
Ifagainft Wood, a greater; If againft Mcrall, yera greater; And in
Metalls,ifyou itr ke againft Gold, (which is the more pliant,) it giueth
the flatter Sound ; If againft Siluer, or Braffe, the more Ringing Sound.
Asfor Aire, where itis ftrongly pent, it matcheth a Hard Bedy, And
therefore we fec in difcharging ofa Peece; whata great Noifeit maketh,
We fee alfa, chatche Charge with Bullet; Or with Paper wer,and hard
topped; Or with Powder alone, rammed in hard; maketh no great
difference in the Lowdueffe of the Report,

The Sharpnefe or Quickneffe of the Percufiow, is a great Caw/e of the
Loudne(fe,as well asthe Strength: Asin a Whip,or Wand, if you ftrike
the 4sre with it;the Sharper and Quicker you ftrikeit,the Lowder Sound
itgiueth. And in playing ee the Lute, or Virginalls, the quic ke Stroke
or Touch, is a great life to the Soumd, The Cam/e is, for that the By

doth ra-

Swiking cucreth the Aire {peedily ; whereas the Soft Striking
ther bear, than cut. 7

The (om#unication of Sounds (as in Bellies of Lutes,Emp-
tie Veffells,27c. ) hath beenetouched obiter,in the Maioration |

of Sounds : But iris fic alfo to makea Title of it apart.
The

——— _______.

e-—— et

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Loudneffe or
rl of
Sounds ; and
their Cairiageat
longer or {horter

Diflance.

163
164

165

Experiments .
in Confort, tou-
ching the Com-
munication of
Sennas.

166

167

168

Experiments
in Confert tou-
ching Equality,
and Inequaliiy
of Sounds.

169

170

171

eeee——EEeee

N aturall History:

The Experiment for greateft Demonftration of Communication of
Sounds, is the Chiming of Bells; whereif you ftrike with a Hammer vp-
on the Vpper Part, and then vpon the Midft, and then vpon the Lower,
you fhall finde the Send to be more Treble, and more Bafe, according
vato the Concaue, on the Infide; though the percuffion be onely on
the Outefide,

When the Sownd is created betweene the Bla/f of the Mouth, and the
Aire of the Pipe, it hath neuerthelefle fome Commuztcation with the
Matter of the Sides of the Pépe,and the Spirits in them contained 5 for
in a Pipe or Trumpet, of Wood, and Brafle, the Sound willbe diuers;So
if the Pipe be couered with Cloth, or Silke, it will giue a diuers Sound,
from that it would doe ofitfelfe So, ifthe Pipe be a little wet on the In-
fide, it will make a differing Sound, from the fame Pipe drie,

That Sound made within Water, doth communicate better with a
hard Body thorow Water, than madein Aire, it doth with ire; Video
Expertmentum 134.

We haue fpoken before (inthe IJnquifition touching Mu-
ficke,) of Muficall Sounds, whercunto there may bea Concord
or Difcord in two Parts ; Which Sounds we call Tones: And
likewile of ImmujicallSounds ; And haue giuen theCau/e,that
the Tone proceedeth of Equality, andthe other of Inequality.
And we haue alfo exprefled there, what are the Equal Bodies
that giue Tones, and what are the Vnequall that giue none.But

| now we fhall {peake of fuch Inequality of Sounds, as procee-

deth, not from the ‘Nature of the Bodies themfelues, but is
Accidentall ; Either from the Roughneffe, or Obliquity of the
Paffage ; Or fromthe Doubling of the Percutient Ox from the
Trepidation of the Motion. ,

A Bell, ifit haue a Rift in it,whereby the Sound hath nota cleare Paf-
fage, giucth a Hoarfe and Jarring Sound ; So the Voice of Maw, when by
Cold taken the Wefill groweth rugged, and (as we call it) furred, be-
commeth hoarfe, And in thefe two Inflances, the Seunds arc Ingrate;
becaufe they are meerely Vnequall : But, ifthey be Ynequall in Equalstse,
then the Sound is Grateful, but Purling.

All inftruments, that hauc cither Retwrnes, as Trumpets;Or Flexions,
as Cornets; Or are Drawne up, and put from, as Sackbuts ; hauca Par-
ling Sound: But the Recorder or Flute, thathaue none of thefe Jsequati«
ties, ciueacleare Sound, Neuerthelefle, the Recorder it felfe, or Pipes
moiftened a little in the Infide, foundeth more folemnly, and witha lit-
tle Purling, or Hiffing, Againe, a Wreathed String, {uch as are in the
Bafe Strings of Bandoraes, giucth alfo a Purling Sewnd,

Buta Lute-/Pring, if it be meerely Vwequall in his Parts,giuetha Harth

and

(Century, AL, F

and Vatuneable Sound; which Strings we call Fal/e, being bigger in
onc Place than in another; And therefore Wére-/Prings are neuer Falfe,
We fecalfo, that when we tric a Falfe Lute-/lring, we vfete extend it
hard betweene the fingers, and to tillipac; And if it giueth adouble
Species, itis True But it it giuetha treble, or more, itis Falfe..

Trembling Noife; And in Regals, (where they hauea Pipe, they. call the
Nightingale- Pipe, which containeth Water) the Sound hatha cohtinvall
Trembling: And Children haue alfo litle Things they call Cockes,
which haue Water in them ; And when they blow, or whiftle.is them,
they yeeld a Trembling Noife;sWhich Trembling of Water, hath an aflini-
tie with the Letrer Z, All which. Jwequalities of Trepidation; are vather
pleafanr, than otherwife, st Ag sara |

All Bafe Notes,or very Treble Notes, giue an Afper Sonnd;Forthsrthe
Bafe ftriketh more Ave, than it can well (trike equally : And the Treblew
cuttcth the dire {0 iharpe, as it returneth too {wift, to makethe Soaud
Equall: And therefore a Afeane or Tener, is the fweeteht Parte, -\.

We know Nothing,tharcan at pleafure makea Maficall ox Janeen ficall
Sound,by voluntary Motion,but the Voice of Man, and Birds. The Cau/feis,
(nodoubt) inthe Weafill or Wind-pipe,(which we ¢all pera Arteria,)
which being well extended, gathereth, Equality ;..As a Bladder that is
wrinckled ; ifir be extended, beconuneth fmoorh, The Extenfionis al-
wayes more in Zones, than in Speech: Therefore the lnward Voice or Whi-
per can neucr giue a Zone: And in Singing there is(manifeftly) a greater
Working and Labour of the Throat,than in Speaking ; As appearethin
the Thrufting out, or Drawing in ofthe Chin, when we fing, Lore
_ The Summing of Bees, is an Vaequall Buzzing; And is conceiued, by
fome of the Ancients, not to come forth ar their Mouth, ‘butto:be an
Inward Sound; But (it may be) itisneither; Butfrom the motion of
their Wings; Foritis not heard but when they ftirre,

~All Metals quenched in Water, giuea Sibilation or Hiffing Sound;
(which hath an Afiinitie with the letter,Z,) notwithftanding the Séund
be created betweene the Water ot Vapour, and the dive, Seething allo, if
there be butdmall Store of Water in.a Veffell, giueth a Hiffing Somsd;
But Boyliag in a full Veflell, giueth aBubling Sosnd,drawing femewhat
heare to the Cockes vied by Children; jy. 99 ou yy cod .

~ Trial! would be made, whether the Inequality, or Interchange of the |
. Medium,will novproduce an Inequality of Sound y, Asifthree Bells were
made one within another, and Asre-betwixt Eachy and then theoutety
moft Bell were chimedwith a Hammer, how’ the, Séand would differ
froma Simple Bell Solikewile take a Plate of Braffe, and a Planckeof
Wood, and ioyne them clofetogether,and knack ypon enc of them, and
fecif they doenot give an, Yuequatl Sound. So mak¢ Ewo or thre®Parti-|
tons of Wood.in.a Hoelhead, with Holesor. Knetsinghem; Atidimacke
the difference of their Sound, fronr the,Séuga of Bn Hog bead; wittout

‘fuch Partitions,

fed SIomM 213\\bir

— ee nat <a eee =

Waters, in the Not/e tacy make as they runne, reprefencto the Eare a)

7 It

“972 \

175

176

177

52 Natural Hiftory:

ee | ha euident,that the Percufson of the Greater Quantity of Aire,caufeth
shiiore be the Bafer Sound ; And the lefle Qmansity, the more Treble Sound, The

more Trcble,and | Percufsion of the Greater Quantity of Aire,1s produced by the Greatneffe of
Saga jp | she Body Percuffing; By the Latitude of the Concave, by which the Send
call Sounds. | paffethsand by the Lengitwde of the fame Concane.Therfore we fee thata

178 Ba/e fering,is greater than a Freble; A Ba/e Pipe hatha greater Bore than
a Treble; And in Pipes, and the like, the lower the Note Holes be, and
the further off from the Mouth of the Pipe, the more Bafé Sound they
yeeld ; And the nearer the Mouth, the more Treble, Nay more, ifyou |
{trike an Entire Body, asan Andéron of Brajfé, atthe Top, it maketha
mor Treble Sound And atthe Bottome a Bafer,

179 It is alfo evident, that the Sharper or Quicker Percuffion of Aire cau-
feth the more Treble Sound ; And the Slower ot Heawier, the more Bafe
Sound, Sowe fee in Strings; the more they are wound vp, and {trained ;
(And thereby giue a more quicke Start-backe; ) the more Treb/eis the
Sound; Andthe flackerthey are, or lefle woundvp, the Bajfer is the
Sound. And thereforea Bigger String more ftrained,and a Leffler String,
leffe tained, may fallinto the fame Tone,

180 Children, Women, Ennuchs haue more final! and thrill Hoyces, chan
Men, The Reafon is, not for that Mew haue greater Heat, which may
make the Vosce ftronger, (for the ftrength of a Voice or Sonnd, doth make
a difference in the Lowdne/fe or Softne(fe, butnot in the Tene;) But from
the Dilatation of the Organ ; which (ic is true) is likewife caufed by
Heat. But the Caufe of Changing the Voice, at the yeares of Pubertie, is
moreobfcure. It feemeth to be, for that when much of the moifture of
the Body, which did before itrigate the Parts, is drawne downe to the
Spermaticall veffells; it leaueth the Body more hot than it was;whence
commeth the Dilatation of the Pipes: For we fee plainly, all Etfeas of
Heat, doe then come on ; As Pilofity, more Roughneffe of the Skiune,
Hardneffe of the Flefh, &c.

181 The Induftry of the Majfitian, hath produced two other Meanes of
Straining or Intenfion of Strings, befides their Winding vp. The one is the
Stopping of che String with the Finger ; Asinthe Neckes of Lutes,Viols, |
&c. The other is the Shorime(fe of the String ; As in Harps, Virginalls,
&c. Both thefe haue one, and the fame reafon ; For they caufe the
String to giue a quicker Start.

182 In the Straining of a String, the further itis ftrained, the leffe Super-

| fraining goeth toa Note ; For it requireth good Winding of a String,
before it will make any Note atall: And in the Stops of Lutes, &c. the
higher they goe, the leffe Diftance is betweene the Frets.

183 If you fill a Drimking-Glaffe with Water, (efpecially one Sharpe below,
and Wide aboue, ) and fillip vpon the Brim, or Out-fide; And after
emptic Part of the Water, and fo more and more,and ftill trie the Tose
by Fillipping ; you fall finde the Towe fall, and be more Ba/é, as the
Glafé is more Emptie,

‘ The

ES |

OO

Century. II,

The Iuft and Meafured Proportion of the Aire Percisffed,to-
wards the Bafene/fe or TreblenefJe of Tones, is onc of the grea-
teft Secrets in the Contemplation of Sounds. For it difcoue-
reth the truce Coincidence of Tones ito Diapafons; Which is the
Returne of the fame Sound. And fo of the Concords and Dij-
cords,betweene the Vnifon,and Diapafon;Which we hauc tou-
ched before, in the Experiments of Mujficke; but thinke fitto
relume it here, asa principal] Part of our Enquiry touching
the Narure of Sounds. It may be found out in the Proportion ot
the Winding of Strings: In the Proportion of the Diffance of
Frets; And inthe Proportion of the Concaue of Pipes, &c. But

moft commodiosfily in the laft of thefe,

Trie therefore the Winding of a String once about, as foone asit is
brought torhat Extenfion, as will give a Tone; And thenoftwice a-
bout; And thrice about, &c, And marke the Scale or Difference of
the R ife of the Tae: Whereby you fhall difcouer, in one, two Effeéts ;
Both the Propsrtion of the Sound towards the Dimenfion of the Winding ;
And the Proportion likewile of the Sound towards the String,as it is more
orlefle ftrained. But note that to meafure this, the way willbe, to take
the Length ina right Line of the String, vpon any Winding about ot
the Pegge,

As for the Stops, you are to take the Namber of Frets; Andprinci-
pally the Length of the Line, from the firft Stop of the String, vnto fuch
a Stopas fhall produce a Dispa/ow to the former Stop, vpon the fame
String.

Burit will bef\(.s it is faid) appeare, in the Bores of Wind-Infiruments:
And therefore caufe fome halfe dozen Pipes, to be made; in length,and
allthings elfe, alike, with a fingle, double; and fo ontoa fextuple Bore;
And fo marke what Fall of Teme cuery one giueth,But ftill in thefe three
Jaft Inftances, you mutt diligently obferue, what length of String, or Di-
france of Stop, or Concaue of Atre, maketh what Rife of Sessd, Asin the
laft of thefe (which (as we faid) is that, which giucth the apteft demon-
ftration,) you muft fer downe what Encreafe of Coscawe goeth to the
Making ofa Note higher; And what of two Notes; And what of three
Notes; And fo vp to the Déapafon : For then the great Secret of Nem-
bers,and Proportions, willappeare. It is notvnlike, that thofe that make
Recorders, 8c, know this already: for that they make them in Sets. And
likewife Bel-founders in fitting the Tune of theit Bells, So that Enquiry
may faue Triall, Surely, it hath beene obferned by one of the Ancients,
thatan Emsptie Barrell knocked vpon with the finger, giueth a Dispa/om
tothe Sownd of the like Barrell fall ; But how that fhould be, I doenot
well vaderftand ; For that the knocking ofa Barrell full, or Emptie, doth
fearce giue any Tone,

There

Lt

Experiments
in Conforr,
touching the
Proportion of
Treble and Bafe
Tones,

184

185

186

(
|

:
|

Experiments
in Confort

ph

Naturall Hiftory :

There is required fome fenfible Difference in the Proportion of crea-
ting a Note, cowards the Sound it felfe, which is the Paffiue: And thacit |
be nor too neare, butata diftance, Forin a Recorder, the three vpper- |
moft Holes, yéeld one Tome 5 which is a Vote lower than the Jone of the
firftthree, And the like (no doubr) is required in the Winding or Stop-
ping of Strings.

;

Thereis another Difference of Sounds, which we will call

touching Ext | Ryteriour,and Inieriour. leis not Soft, nor Lowd: Nor itis not

riowr, and 1”te-

riour Sounds,

190

19!

5 ‘
) Experiments

in Conforttou-

| ching Articula-
| tiow of Sounds.

|

Ig2

‘|

Bafe,nor Treble.Nor it isnot Mujficall,nor Immuficall: Though
itbe true, that chere can be no Tone in an Interiour Sound : But
on the other fide, in an Exteriour Sound, there may be both
Muficall and Immufical. We thall therefore enumerate them,
rather than precifely diftinguilh them ; Though (to make
fome Adumbration of that we meanc) the Interiour is rather
an Impulfion or (ontufion of the Aire, than an Elifien or Seétion
of chefame. So as the Percuffion of the one, towards the other,
differeth, as a Blow differeth from a Cut.

In Speech of Man, the Whifpering, (which they call Sw/arrus in Latine,)
whether it be louder or fofter, isan Interiour Sound; But the Speakisty
out, isan Exteriour Sound; And therefore youcanneuer makea Tene,
nor fing in Whifpering ; But in Speech you may : So Breathing, or Blowing
by the Afouth,Bellowes, ot Wind, (though loud) is an Jmseriour Sonnd;But
the Blowing thorow a Pipe, or Concane, (though foft) is an Exteriowr. So
likewife, the greateft Winds, if they haueno Coardation, or blow not
hollow, giuean Interiour Sound; The Whiftling or hollow Wind ycel-
deth a Singing, or Exteriour Sound; The former being pent by fome o-
ther Body ; The latter being pent in by his owne Denfity: And there-
fore we fee, that when the Wind bloweth hollow, it is a Signe of Raine,
The Flame,as it moucth within it felfe,or is blowne by a Bellowes,giueth
aMurmur or /steriour Sound,

There isno Hard Body, but ftrucke againft another Hard Body, will
yeeld an Exteriour Sound,greater or lefler: In fo much as if the Pereuffi-
on be ouer-foft, it may induce a Nullity of Soasd ; But never an Jnte-
riour Sound, As when one treadeth fo foftly, that he isnot heard.

Where the ire is the Pereutient, pent, or mot pent, againit a Hard
Body; it neuer giueth an Extertonr Sound; Asif youblew ftrongly with
a Bellowes againft a Wall,

Sounds (both Exteriour and Interiour,) may be made, as well by Swd##-
on, as by EmifSiow of the Breath: As in Whiftling, or Breathing.

- is cident, and itis one of the ftrangeft Secrets in Sownds, thatthe
whole Soand isnot in the whole Aire only; But the whole Sownd is alfo
in cuery {mall Pays of the Aire. So that all the curious Diwerfity of Arti-

culate

4
%
:

Century. Ill. |

For Eccho's vpon Eccio's, thereis arare Inftance theredf in a Place,
which I will now exaGly defcribe. Itis fome three or foure Miles from
Paris, neerea Townecalled Pont-charenton; And fome Bird-bole thor,
or more, from the Riucr of Seawe, The Rowe is a Chappell, or {mall
| Church, The Walls all ftanding,both atthe Sidesjand atthe Ends. Two
Rowes of Pillars, after the manner of Ifles of Churches, alfo ftanding ;
The Roofe all open, not fo muchas any Embownientneere any of the
walls left, There was againfteuery Pillar, a Sracke of Billets, aboue a
Mans Height; which the Watermen, chat bring Wood Howie the
Seane ini Stacks, and not in Boats, laid there (as it feemeth) for their
eafe, Speaking at the one End,I did heare it rerurne the Voice thirteenc”
feuerall times; AudI haue heard of others, tharit would returne fix-
teene times: For I was there about three of the Clocke in the After-
noone: And itis beft (as all other Eecho’s ar e) inthe Euening, Itis ma-
nifeft,thar it is not Echo's from feuerall ptaces,buta Tofing of the Voice,
asa Ball, toand fro; Like to Reflexions in Looking-Glaffes ; where if you
place one Glife before, and another behind, you thall fee the Gla/e be-
hind wich the Jmage, within the Glaffe before ; And againe, the Glafe
before in that; and diuers fuch Super- Reflexions, till the Pecies Peciet at
laft die.For it is euery Returne weaker,and more thady.In like manner,
the Voice in that Chappell, createth eciem [pecie, and maketh fucceeding
Swper- Refiexioas ; For it melreth by degrees, and eucry Reflexion is
weaker than the former: So that,ifyou {peak three Words, it will (per-
haps) fome three times report you the whole three Words ; And then
the two latter Words for fome times;And then the laft Word alone for
fome times ; Still fading and growing weaker, And whereas in Eccho's
ofone Benmnc.i it is much to heare foure orfiue Words 3 In this Eecho
offo many Returnes svpon the matter,you heareaboue twenty Werds
for three.

The like Eccho vpon Eecho, but onely with two Reports, hathbeene
obferucd tobe, if youftand berweene a Hos/e, and a Hill,and lure to-
wards the Hill, For the Hou/e will giue a Back-Ecche; One vigaeEe iv
from the other, and the latcer the weaker.

. There arecertaine Letters, that an E¢cho will hardly seein As §

| for one; Efpecially being Principial} ina Word, I remember well; that

b when I acne tothe Eccho at Post-Charenton, there was an Qld Parifian,;
| that rooke it ro be the Worke of Spirits,and of gaod Spirits, For (faid

he) ca!l Satan, and the Eeche will not deliwer backe the Deuils name ;

But will fay, Yat’ en ; Which is asmuch in French, as Apage, ox Ancia.|

And thereby I cid h: ap'to finde, thatan Ecche would not returne S, be-

ing buta Hifling and an Jateriour Sound.

[ Eccho’s ave {ome more fudden, and chop againe,as foone asthe yeiéd |

is deliuereds As hath beene partly faid: Othersareimore deliberate,that
isygiue more Space betwetne the Voice and the echo;whichis caufed by |
the locali Nearencfle,or Diftance: Some willreport a longer Traine of |
| Werds; And fome a s{horter : Somemore loud (full as loudas the Ors- |
G ginall, '

252

A enn eet

—————EE

Toes | Natarall Fistory:

ginall, and{ometimes more loud;) And fome weaker and fainter.
253 Where Eccho's come from feuerall Parts, at the fame diftance, they ©
| muft needs moke (as it were) a Quire of Eecho’s, and {fo make the Report |
greater, and euen a Continaed Eccho ; which you (hall find in {ome Hills,
that ftand encompaffed, Theater-like, |
254 It doth not yet appeare, that there is Refradfzon in Sounds, as wellas
in Species Vifible For 1 donot think,that ifa Sound (hould paffe through
diuers Mediums, (as dire, Cloth,Wood) it would deliuer the Sound, ina
differing Place, from that vnto which it is deferred; which is the Pro-
per Effect of Refraction. But Maioration, which is alfo the Worke of Re-
fraction,appearczh plainly in Sounds (as hath beene handled at full;) But
it is notby Diuerfity of Medinnes,

|
|

in Confo ; 2

rushing th Inftances, the Examples of the Sight, and Things Vifible, to il-
Sieoriarnct ‘luftrate the Nature of Sounds. But we thinke good now to
vifeesand | brofecute that (omparifon more fully. “lef

Experiments | We haue obiter, for Demonftrations fake, vied in diuers |

CONSENT OF VISIBLES,
and Audibles.

255 Oth of them bread themfelues in Round, and fill a whole Floare or

Bo: vnto certaine Limits : And are carried a great way : And
doc languith and leffen by degrees, according to the Diftance of
the Obieés from the Senfories.

256 Both of them haue the whole Species is ewery [mall Portion of the Aire,
or Mediwm ; So as the Species doe paffe through {mall Crannies,without
Confufion: As wefee ordinarily in Zenels, as to the Eye; And in Cran- |

| nies, ot Chinks, as to the Sound.

|

OOO A CE

257 Both of them are of a fudden and eafie Generation and Delation, And
likewife pershh fwiftly, and fuddesly; As ifyou remoue the Light; Or
touch the Bodses that give the Sound.

258 Both of them doe receine and carry exami [ite and accurate Differences ;

As of Colours, Figures; Motions, Diftances, in Vifibles; And of Arti

culate Voices, Tones, Songs,and Quauerings, in Awdibles,

| 2§9 Beth of them in their Verrue and Working, doc not appeare to emit
| any Corporal Sub/tance into their Mediums, or the Orbe of their Vertue;
| Neither againe to raife or ftir any ewidemt locall Motion in their Medinms,

as they paffe ; but onely to carry certaine Spizitwall Species; The perfect

Knowledge of the Caufe whereof, being hitherto {carcely attained,we

thall {earch and handle in due place,

| Both of them feeme uot to generate or produce any other Effect in Na-

ture,

260

(Century. ALI.

tere, but fuch as appercaineth to cheir proper Obiedts, and Senfes, and |
are otherwife Barren,

Bur Both of them in their owne proper Action, doe worke three ma-
nifeft Effects. The firit, in that che Stronger Species drowneth the Lefer ;
As the Light of the Sunne, the light ofa Glow-worme ; The Report of |

an Ordnance, the Voice: The Second, in that an Objec? of Surcharge or

| Exceffe deftroyeth the Senfe, As the Light ofthe Sunne the Eye, a vio-
lent Souad(neere the Eare) the Hearing : The Third, in that both of them
will be reuerberate; As in Mérreurs ; And in Eecho’s,

Neither of them doth deffrey or binder the Species of the other although
they encounter in the faine Mediam; As Light or Colour hindernort
Sound; Nor é contra.

Both of them affect the Senfe in Lining Creatares, and yee!d Obiel#s of
Pleafure and Difiske : Yet neuerthelefle, the Obied#s of them doe alfo (if
it be well obferucd) affe& and worke vpon dead Things; Namely,fuch
as hauc fome Conformity with the Organs of the two Senfes; As Vifibles

| worke vpona Looking-Gla/fe, which is like the Pupill of the Eye ; And
Asdibles ypon the Places of Eccho, which refemble, in fome fort, the
Cauerne and ftructure of the Eare,

Both of them doe dswer|ly worke, as they baue their Medinm dinerly dif-
pefed. Soa Trembling Medium (as Smoake) maketh the Obieé& feeme
totremble; anda Rifing or Falling Mediam (as Winds) maketh the
Sounds to rife, or fall.

To Both, the Afedium, whichis the moft Propitious and Conducible,
is Aire; For Glaffe or Water, &c, are not comparable.

In Bothof them, where the Obsed? us Fine and Accurate, it conduceth
much to haue the Senfe Iatentine,and Erect ; In fo much as you contra&
your Eye, when you would {ce {harply ; And ereét your Eare, when you
would heare attentiuelys which in Beafts that haue Eares moueable, is
moft manifeit.

The Beames of Light, when they are multiplied and conglomerate, ge-
nerate Heat,which is a different Adtion, from the Aion of Sight: And
the Multiplication and Conglomeration of Sowmds doth generate an ex-
treme Rarefaction of the Aire ; which isan AGion materiate, differing
from the Action of Sound ; If it betrue (which is anciently reported)
that Birds, with great fhouts, haue fallen downe.

G2 DIS.

69

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

2714

27

— —— ee

z

“Fe )) .*. ~Nitipall. Eaton History: ice ‘|

CORES BSE: CGE IES CSE rr EE IOSLN RY

DISSENTS OF VISIBLES,
and Audibles:

Object (eene; Almoft like Odouis 5 fauethattney are-more In-

corporeall: But the Species of Audibles feeme to Participate
more with Locall Motion, like Percu/Sions or Imprefions made vpon the
Aire, So that whereas ali Bodies doe feeme to worke in two manners;
Either by the Communication of their Natures ; Or by the Imprefiions anid.
Signatures of their Motions ; The Diffu/ion of : Species Vifible feemeth to
participate more of the former Operation; and the Species pee ofthe
latter,

The Species of Audibles {eeme to be carried more manife ly thorow
the Aire, than the Species of Vifibles: For ([conceiue) thata Contrary
ftrong Wind will not much hinder the Sight of Yéfibles, as it will doe
the Hearing of Sounds.

There is one Difference, aboueall others, betweene V4 ifibles and: Aw

‘Te Species of Vifibles {ceme te ba Emifsions of Beames from te

dibles, that is the moft remarkable; As that whereupon many fmaller
Differences doe depend: Namely, that Yifibles, (except Lights,) are

carried in Right Lines; and Audibles in Arcuate Lines. Hence itcommeth
to paffe, that Pifibles ‘doe not intermingle, and confound one another,
as hath beene faid before; But Sounds doe, Hence it commeth, that the
Solidity of Bodics doth not much hinder the Sight, fo that the Bodies |
be cleare, and the Poresina Right Line, as in Glafle, Cryftall, Dias ’
monds, Water, &c. Buta thio Scarfe;or Handkerchiefe, though they |
be Bodies nothing fo Solid, hinder the Sight: Whereas (conerariwife)
thefe Porous Bedies doe not much hinder the Hearing, but. folid Bo-
dies doe almoft ftop it, orat the leaft attenuate it, Hencealfo it coms
meth, thar tothe Reflexion of Vifibles, {mall Glaffes {affice 3 but to the
Renerberation of Audibles, are required grcater Spaces, as hath likewife |
beene {aid before.
Vifibles are feene further off, than Sounds are heard; Allowing neuer=,|
\theleffle the Rate of their Bigneffe: For otherwife agreat Sound will bee!
heard further off, than a Srall Body feene. #
Vifibles require (generally) fame Diftaace betweene the Obie, ang
the Zye, to bce berter feene; Whereas in Audibles, the necrer the Apy
proach of the Sound is to the Senfe, thebetter, But in this there may bé
adoubleErrour. The one, becaufe to Seeing, there is required Light ;
Andany thing that toucheth the Pupillofthe Eye (atl oucr) excludeth |
the Light. For I haue heard of aPerfon very credible (who himfelfe was
cured |

ee EL LL LLL CL A CC LA ng

Century. UII.

cured ofa Catara@tin onc of his Eyes) that while the Stluer Needle
did worke vpon the Sight of his Eye, to remoue the Filme of the Cara-
raét, heneuer faw any thing more cleere or perfe&, than that white
Needle: Which (nodoubt) was, becaufe the Necdle was leffer than
the Pwpill of the Eye, and fo tooke not the Light from it. The other Er-
rour may be, for that the Obiec? of Sight doth {trike vpon the Pupil of
the Bye, diretly without any interception;whereas the Came of the Eare
doth hold off the Sownd a little from the Organ: And fo neuertheleffe
there is (ome Di/fance required in both.

» Pifibles are fwiftlier carried to. the Sen/e, than Andibles; As appesa-
reth in Thunder and Lightning; Flame and Reportofa Peece; Moti-
on of the Aire in Hewing of Wood, All which haue beene ferdowne
heretofore, but are proper for this Title,

Iconceiue alfo, that the Species of Audibles doe hang longer in the
Aire, than thofe of Vifibles : For although euen thofe of Véfibles, doe
hang fome time, as wefee in Rings turned, that thew like Spheres; In
Late-ffrings fillipped;A Fire-bravd carried along which leauetha Traine
of Light behinde it; and in the Twé-light; And the like: Yet Iconceiue
that Soands {tay longer, becaufe they are carried vp and downe with
the Winde: And becaufe of the Diftance of the Time in Ordmance dif-

charged, and heard twenty Miles off.

__ InVifibles, there are not found Obieéts fo odious and ingrate to the
Senfe,as in Audibles. For foule Sights doe rather difpleafe, in that they
excite the Memory of foule Things, than in the immediate Obieéts.
And therefore in Picfares,thofe foule Sights doenot much offend; But
in Asdibles, the Grating of a Saw, when it is fharpned, doth offend fo
much, as it fetteth the Teeth on Edge, And any of the bar/h Difcords
in Muficke, the Eare doth ftraight-waiesrefufe,

In Yifibles, after great Light, ifyoucome fuddenly into the Darke ;
Or contrariwife, out of the Darke into a Glaring light, the Eye is dazled
fora time, and the Sight confufed ; But whether any firch Effeét be after
great Seunds, or after 4 deepe Silence, may be better enquired. It is an
old Tradition, that thoferhat dwell neere the Cataracts of Nilus, are
ftrucken deafe: Butwe finde no fuch cffe@,in Cannoniers, nor Millers,
nor thofe that dwell vpon Bridges,
_ Itfeemeth that the Zmpreffion of Colour is fo weake, as it worketh not
but bya Cone of Direct Beames,or Right Lines ; whercofthe Bafis is in
the Obie&, and the Verticall Point inthe Eye; So as there is a Corra-
diation and Coniunction of Beames; And thofe Beames fo fent forth,yet
are not of any force to beget the like borrowed or fecond Beamses, ex-
ceptitbe by Reflexion, whereofwe fpeake not. For the Beames pafle,and
giuc little Tingture to that Aire, which is Adiacent ; which ifthey did,
we fhould fee Colours out ofa Rightline. But as this is in Coloars, fo o-
therwife it is in the Bedy of Light. Fer when there is a Skreene betweene
the Candle and the Eye, yer the Zight paffeth to the Paper wheron One
writeth ; So that the Light is feene, where the Body of the Flameis not

G 3 feene;

7h:

274

276

*77/

'
een A

a, aaa Naturall Fiifiory:

feenes And where any Colowr (if it were placed where the Body of the |
Flame is) would not befeene, I iudge that Sound is of this Larter Na |
| ture: For when twoare placed on both fides of'a Wall, and the Voice |
| isheard, I iudge it is not oncly the Origémall Sound, which paft-th in an |
Arched Line; But the Sound, which pafleth aboue the Wall ina Right
Line, begetteth the like Motion round about it, as the firft did though

more weake.
Experiments LL Concords and Difcords of Muficke, are, (no doubt) Sympathies,
ncaa and Aatipathies of Sounds, And fo (likewife) in that Awficker,

sympathy or | Which wee call Broken Mujicke, ot Confort Muficke ; Some Couforts of In-
Antipathy of | Eruments are {weeter than others; (A Thing notfufficiently yer obfer-
cme ee | ued:) Asthe Jrifh Harpe, and Ba/e Vall agree well: The Recorder and
273 | | Stringed Muficke agree well : Organs and the Voice agree well ; Sec, But
7 the Virginalls and the Lute; Or the Wel(b-Harpe, and Irifh Harpe; Or
the Voice and Pipes alone, agree not fo well ; But for the Melioration of
Muficke, there is yet much left (in this Poiat of Exquifite Confarts) to

ury and enguire, » |
279 There is a Common Obferuation, that ifa Zate, or Vall, be layed
vpon the Backe, witha {mall Straw vpon one of the Strings; And
another Late or Fiall bee laid by it; And in the other Zate or Vial,
the Vnifon to that String be ftrucken; it will make the String moue;
Which will appeare both tothe Eye, and by the Strawes falling off.
The like will bee, if the Déapafon or Esght to that String be ftrucken,
either in the fame Lute or Vial, or in others lying by; But in none
of thefe there is any Report of Sond, that can bedifcerned, but only
Motion,

280 It was deuifed, that a Piall fhould haue a Lay of Wire Strings be-
low,as clofe to the Belly,as a Lute; And then the Strings of Guts moun-
ted vpon a Bridge,as in Ordinary Véalls; To the end,that by this means,
the vpper Strings {trucken,(hould make the lower refound by Sympathy,
and fo make the Adwficke the better; Which, if it be to purpofe, then
Sympathy worketh, as wellby Reportof Sound, as by Motion, But this
| deuce I conceiue to be of no vie; becaufe the vpper Strings, which are
| topped in great variety,cannot maintaine a Diapa/on or Ynifon,with the
| Lower,whichare neuer ftopped, But ifit fhould be of vfe ar all; it muft
| be in /nfframents which haue no Stops; as Vérginalls,and Harpes;wherein
| triall may.be made of two Rowes of Strings, diftant the one from the

| other. '

The Experiment of Sympathy may be transferred (perhaps) from Ja-
(iraments of Strings, to other Jnfiruments of Sownd, As to try if there
were in one Steeple, two Bells of Yaifon, whether the ftriking of the one
would moue the other, more than if it were another Accord: And fo
| in Pipes (if they be ofequall Bore, and Sownd) whether alittle Straw |

281

or Feather would mouc in the one Pipe, when the other is blowne at an |
| Vuifon.

Ir |

a

(Century. ILI.

It feemeth, bothin Eare, and Eye, the 2nftrament ot Senfe hath a
Sympathy or Similitude with that which giveth the Reflexion; (As hath
beene touched before.) For asthe Sight of the Eye is like a Cryftall, or
Glaffe, or Water ; So is the Earea {inuous Caue, with ahard Bone, to
ftop and reuerberate the Sound: Which is liketo the Places that re-
port Becho’s.

V Hen a Man Yawaeth, he cannot Hearefowell, The Can/e is, for
that the Membrane of the Eare isextended;And fo rather catterh
off the Sond, than draweth ir to,

We Heare better when we hold our Breath, than contrarysIn fo much
as in all Liftening to attainea Sounda farre off, Men held their Breath,
The Casfe is, For that in all Expiration, the Motion is Outwards; And
therefore, rather driueth away the voice, than draweth it: And befides
we fee, that in all Labour to doe things with any firength, we held the
Breath: Andliitening after any Sound, thatis heard with difficulty, isa
kinde of Labour.

Letit be tried, for the Helpe of the Hearing, ( and I conceiue it likely
t® fucceed,) to make an Jnfirament like a Tannell; The narrow Part
whereof may be of the Bigneffe of the Hole of the Eare, And che Broa-
der End much larger, like a Beat the Skirts; Andthelength halfe a
foot, or more. And ler the narrow end of it be fetclofe to the Earev:
And marke whether any Sound, abroad in the open Aire, will notbe
heard diftinGly, from further diftance, than without that Infttumenc;
being (as itwere) an Eare-Spectacle.And I haue heard there is in Spaine,
an Inffrument in vfe tobe fet to the Eare, that helpeth fomewhat thofe
that are Thicke of Hearing,

“If the euch bee fhut clofe, neuertheleffe there is yeelded by the
Roofe of the Mouth, a Murmur, Suchas is vfed by dumbe Men: But if
the Noftrills be likewife ftopped,no fich Murmur can be made ; Except
it bein the Bortome of the Pallate towards the Throat. VVhereby it
appeareth manifeftly, that a Sosmdin the Mouth, except {uch as afore-
faid, if the Mouth bee ftopped , paffeth from the Pallat, thorow the

Nostrills,

“TP He RepercufSion of Sounds, (which wee call Eccho,) is a'great Ar-
gument of the Spirsewall E/fence ot Soumds/ For if itwere Corpe-
reall, the Repercuflion fhould be created in the fame manner; and by
like lnffruments, with the Origénall Sound: But we fee what a Number |
of Exquifite Inftrements muft concurtre in Speaking of Words, where-
of there is no fuch Matter in the Returning of them ; But only a plaine
Stop,and Repercuffion, eee
The Exquifite Differences of Articulate Sounds, catried along in the

lw

282

283
234

285

286

|

Experiments
inConfort,
touching the
Spiritualland
Fine Nature of
Sounds.

287

Experiments
inConforttou-
ching the Hine
deringor Hele |
| ping of the Hea-
| ring.

{
|

Aire, {hew thar they cannot be Sigsatures or Imprefiions in the dire, as
hath beene well refuted by the Ancients, For itis true, that Seales |

make excellent Impreffions: And fo it may be thought of Souwds in
their |

SSS ere

—

289

290

Naturall Hijlor ys |

——

their fir Generation: Butthen the Delation and Continmance of them |

without any new Scaling, fhew apparently they cannot bee Impref- |

fions,

All Sounds are {uddenly made, and doe fuddenly perifh ; But nei-
ther that, nor the Exqus/ite Differences of them, is Matter of fo great Ad-
tmiration : For the Quauerings, and Warblings in Lutes, and Pipes,
areas fwift; And the Tongue, (which isno very fine Inftrument, )
doth in Speech,make no fewer Motions, than there be Letters in all the
Words, which are vetered. But that Seunds fhould not only be fo {pec-
dily generated, but carried fo farre euery way, in fuch a momentanie
time, deferueth more Admiration. As forExample; Ifa Man ftand in |
the middle of a Field, and {peake aloud, he {hall be hearda Furlong in
round; And that fhall be in Articulate Sounds ; And thofe fhall be En-
tire in cuery little Portion ofthe Aire; And this fhall bedone in the
Space of leffe than a Minute.

The Sudden Generation and Perifhing of Sounds, muft be one of thefe
two Wayes, Either that the 4sre fuftereth fome Force by Sound; and
then reftoreth it felfe; As Water doth; Which being diuided,maketh
many Circles, till it reftore it felfe tothe naturall Confiftence: Oro-
therwife, that the ire doth willingly imbibe the Sound as gratefull,
but cansot maintaine ir; For that the 4sre hath (as it fhouldfeeme)
a fecret and hidden Appetite of Recciuing the Sownd at the firft; Bur
then other Groffeand more Materiate Qualities of the Aire ftraight-
wayes fuffocateit; Like vnto Flame, which is generated with Alacri-
tie, bur ftraight quenched by the Enmitic of the Aire, or other Ambient
Bodies.

There be thefe Differences (in generall) by which Sounds
are diuided ; 1. Muficall, Immuficall ; 2. Treble, Bafe ; 3. Flat,
Sharpe ; 4.Soft, Loud; 5.Exteriour, Interiour ; 6, Cleane, Harfb
or Purling ; 7. Articulate, Inarticulate.

We haue laboured (as may appeare, ) in this Inquifition of
Sounds, diligently ; Both becaufe Sound is one of the moft Hid-
den Portions of Nature, (as-we {aid in the beginning: ) And
becaufe itis a Vertue which may becalled Incorporeall, and
Immateriate ; whereof there be in Nature but few. Befides,we
were willing, (now in thefe our firft Centuries,) to makea
Patterne or Prefident of an Exact Inquifition ; And we {hall
doe the like hereafter in fome other Subieéts which require it,
For wee defirethat Men fhould learne and percciue, how fe-
uerca Thing thetruc Jnquifision of Nature is; And thould ac-

cuftome

——

’

Centinyy. IAL, 5 |

e———_—_—- —__.

cultome themfelues, by the light of Particulars, to enlarge |
their Mindes, te the Amplitude of the world; And not reduce
the World tothe Narrownefle of their Mindés: |

‘Etalls gine Orient and Fine Colours iv: Diffolutions; As Gold giueth | Experiment ||
Hanexcelleut Yellows Quick-Silueranexcelledt Green; Jr xtucth | — to | |
| anexcellent Aznre : Likewilein their Pusrefactionsjor Rufts; AsVermi- | ext achieade |
| lion, Verdegreafe, Bife, Cirrus, Sc. Andlikewife in theivWitréfications; The | difolution of |
Caufe is, for thar by their Strength of Body, they areable to endure the asic
| Fire, or Strong Waters, and to be'purinto an EquallPofturés And} 79"
| againe ta retaine Part of their principall’ Spirits; Whichtwo Things, |
(Equall Pofture, and Quicke Spiritsyare required chiefly, to make Cv-
bears lightiome. leg wh,

ee

|
|

Experiment

| FT conduceth vnto Zorg Life, and.to the more Placidemotion of the oe:
ojitary tou- |

| ASpirits, which thereby doe leffe prey and confume the Iuyce of the | ono) ons.

_ Body; Either that Afens Actions be free ana voluntary ; That nothing be} sionof Life. |

| done Jawita Minernd, but Secundsm Genium: Oron theotherfide, that) +z 922 |

| the Actions of Aten be full of Regulation and Commands within themfelues : .

|For then the Victory and Performing of the Command, giueth’a good

_Difpofition to the Spirits; Efpecially if there be a Proceeding ftom De-
gree to Degree; For then the Senfe of Viatory isthe greater. An ex-
ample of the former of thefe, is in a Country life ; And of the latter, in
Monkes and Philofepbers, and fach ag doe continually enioyne them-
felucs. "

T iscertaine, that in al] Bodies, thereiis an Appetite of Vaio, and E- | Experiment \
uitation of Solution of Continuitie s Andof this Appetitethere be pres ear
many Degrees ; But the moft Remarkable, and fir to be diftinguilhed, | of vaionin Bo~
are tiree, The firft in Liquors; The fecond in Hard Bodies: And the | “>,
third in Bodies Cleauing ot Tenacious. In Liquors, this Appetite isweake:| 293
| Weee in Liquors, the Thredding of them in Stillicides, (as hath beene
faid;) The Falling of them in Resnd Drops, (which is the forme of Vni-
ons) tnd the Staying of them, fora little time, in Bubbles and Froth. In
the {econd Degree or Kinde, this Appetite is ftrong ; As in Iron, in Stone,
in Weed, Se, In the third, this Appetite is ina Medinm betweene the o-
_thertwo: For fuch Bedies doe partly follow the Touch of another Bo-
die; And partly fticke and continuc to them{elues ; And therefore they
| roape, and draw themfelues in Threds; As we feein Pitch, Glew, Bird-
| limes 8cc.But cote, that al) Solide Bodies are Cleasing,more or leffe: And
| that they loue betcer the Touch of fomewhar that is Tangible, than of
Ave. For Water, in final] quantitie, cleaueth to any Thing that is So-
Jide; And fo would azetall too, if theweight drew it not off. And there-
fore Gold Foliate,or any Métal Foltate\clézueth : But thofe Bodies which
are noted to be Clammic, and Cleaning, zre{uch, as hauea moreindif-
ferent Appetite (at once;) to follow:avorher: Bodie; And to hold to

} them-
= SESS es Coe encore , ee”

ee
1

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching thelike
Operations of
Heat, and Time

294

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching the diffe-
ring Operations
of Fire, and
Time.

295

Experiment
Solitary ton-
chiog Motions
by imitation,

296

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Infections
Difeases.

297

Neaturall Hiftory:

PEE EE oa ET ERS Oe
themfelues. And therefore tiey are commonly Bodses ill mixed; And
which take more pleafare in a Forraine Body, than in preferuing their
owne Confiffence ; Aud which hauc little predominance in Dronghe, or
Meiftare.,

T Ime, and Heat, are Fellowes in many Effects, Heat drieth Bodies,
that doe eafily expire; As Parchment, Leaues, Roots, Clay, &e,
And, fo doth Time or dgearefie; As in the fame Bodies, &c. Heat dif-
folueth and meltcth Bodics,that keepe in their Spirits; As in diuers Li-
quefactions ; And fo doth Téme, in fome Bodies of a fofter Confiftence:
As is manifeftin Honey, which by ge waxeth more liquid ; And the
like in Sugar; And fo in old Oyle, which is cuer more cleare, and more
hot in Medicinable vfe, Heat caufeth the Spirits to fearch fome Iflue out
of theBody; As in the Volatslity of Atctalls; And fo doth Time; Asin
the Raff of Adetalls, But generally Heat doti that in finall time, which
Age doth in long,

nen things which paffe the Fire are fofteft at firft,and by Time grow
hard; As the Crumme of Bread, Some are harder when they come
trom the Fire, and afterwards giueagaine, and grow foft, as the Cruft
of Bread, Bisket, Sweet Meats, Salt, &e. The Cau/éis, for that in thofe
things which wax Hard with Zime, the Worke of the Fire is a Kinde of
Melting: And in thofe that wax Soft with Time, (contrariwife,) the
worke of the Fire is a Kinde of Baking; And whatfocuer the Fire baketh,
Time doth in fome degree diffolue,

Otions paffe from one Man toanother, not fomuch by Exciting
Imagination; as by Invitation; Efpecially ifthere bean Aptneffe
or Inclination before, Therefore Gaping, or Tawrning, and Stretching doc
paffe from Man to Man; For that that caufeth Gaping and Stretching is,
| when the Spirits area little Heauy,by any Vapour, or the like, For then
they ftriue, (as it were,) to wring out, and expell that which loadeth
them. So Men drowzie, and defirous to {leepe; Or before the Fit ofan
| Aguc; doe vfe to Yawneand Stretch; And doe | 'kewife yeeld a Voice
| or Sound, which is an Jnterieétion of Expalfion: So that if another beape
and prepared to doe the like, he followeth by the Sight of anether, So
the Laughing of another maketh to Laagh,

Here be fomeknowne Diféafes that are Infectious; And Others
that are not. Thofe that are Jnfecfious,are ; Firft, fuch as are chiefe-

ly in the Spirits, and not fo much in the Hamours ; And therefore pafle
eafily from Bodie to Bodice: Such are Peitilences, Lippitudes, and fuch
like. Secondly, fuch as Taint the Breath; Which wee fee paffeth ma-
nifeftly from Manto Man; And not inuifibly, as the feds of the
Spirits doe + Such are Confumptions of the Lungs, &c. Thirdly, fuch
as come forth to the Skisne; And therefore taint the Aire, or the Body
Adiacent ;

|

os
‘

*

Century. LVI. 77

__

Adsacent ; Efpecially ifthey confift inan Vn@uous Subftance, not apr
to diflipace ; Such are Scabs, and Leprowfie, Fourthly, fuch as are meere-
ly inthe Humours, and notin the Spirits, Breath, or Exbalations: And
therefore they never infect, bur by Touch only ; And fach a Touch alfo,
as commeth within the Epidermis; As the Venome of the French Pox; |
And the Biting of a Mad Dog,

OL Powders grow more Clofe and Coherent by Mixture of Hae | Experiment
ter, than by Mixture of Oyle, though Oyle be the thicker Bodie ; | 3OMtY ‘ou-
As Meale , &c. The Reafon is the Congruitie of Bodies ; which if it be corporation of
more, maketh a Perte@er Imbibition, and Incorporation ; Which in oh a and
moft Powders is more betweene Them and Water, than betweene them. we 3
i and Oyle: But Painters Colours ground, and 4/bes, doe better incorpo- 2

| rate with Oyle,

| M3 Motion and Exercife is good for fome Bedies; And Sitting, | Experiment
and leffe Motion for Others, Ifthe Bodie be Hot, and Void of Su- pea

perfluous Moiftures, too much Motion hurteth: And it isan Errour in | of the Bodie.

Phy/fitians, to call too much vpon Exereife, Likewife Men oughttobe-| 299

ware,that chey vie nor Exercife, and a Spare Diet both: Butifmuch Le-

ercife,then a Plentifull Diet ; And if Sparing Diet, then little Exercife.The

Benefits that come of Exeres/e are, Firft,that it fendeth Nowrifbment into

the Parts more forcibly. Secondly, thatithelpeth to Excerne by Sweat,

and fo maketh the Parts affimilate the more perfe@ly. Thirdly, that it

maketh the Sub/fance of the Body more Solide and Compact; And fo leffe

apt tobe Confumed and Depredated by the Spirits. The Ewills that

come of Exercife, are: Firft, that it maketh the Spirits more Hot and

Predatory. Secondly, that it doth abforbe likewife, and attenuate too

much the Moifture of the Body. Thirdly, that it maketh too great Cop.

| cufiton, (efpecially if it be violent, ) of the Jaward Parts; which delight

| more in Reft, But generally Exerci/é, if it be much, is no Friend to Pre-

longatien of Life; VVhich is one caufe,why Women liue longer than Men,

becaufe they ftirre leffe,

aot Food we may vie losg, and much, without Glutting ; As Bread, Ps See

| «J Bleth that is nor fat, or rancke, &c. Some other, (though pleafant,) Fae ag
Glutteth fooner; As Sweet Meats, Fat Meats, &c. The Cas/eis, for | thatinduce Sa-
, that Appetite confifteth in the Emptineffe of the Mouth of the Sto- | “#*

| macke; Or poffeffing it with fomewhat that is Aftringent; Andthere-} 390

| fore Cold and Drie. But things that are Sweet and Fat, are more Fil-

| ling: And doe {wimmeand hang more about the Mouth of the Sto-

|macke; And goe not downe fo fpeedily : And againe turne fooner

to Choler, which is hot, and ever abateth the Appetite, Wee fee alfo,
thatanother Cam/e of Sacietie, is an Omer cuftome ; and of Appetite is No-

| weltie: And therefore Meats, if the fame be continually taken, induce

Loathing, To gine the Reafon of the Diffaffe of Sacietie, and of the Plea-

fare

Naturall Firftor ys

e--cnam nv a teat ipa tt HS en, A,

fore in Noweltie; and to diftinguith not onely i in Meats and Drinkes. Drinkes,
butalfo in Motions, Loues, Company, Delights, Scudies, what they
be that Ca/lome maketh more gratefull; And what more ‘tedious ; 3
were a large Field. But for Meats, the Caufe is Attraction,
which is quicker,and more excited towards that which is
new, than towards that whercof there remaineth a
Rellith by former vfe. And(generally)it isa Rule,
that whatfoever is fomewhat Ingrate at firft,
is made Gratefull by Cuffome; But what-
focuer is too Pleafing at firft, ,
groweth quickly co

ead rach eutechaen| idea wil sci —UNATV-

i
|
1

Se

a 2 Ny

hen ma |/*

EA Se
Ne

ae
CR 7
Bly fe

HISTORIE.

LV. Century.

Xi

Be aoo cco CELERATI ONOf TimeinWorks
<5), of Nature,may well be efteemed Inter
Magnalia Nature. And cuen in Diuine
Miracles, Accelerating of the Time, is
nextto the Creating of the Matter. We
will now therefore proceed to the En-
quiry of it: And for Acceleration of
Germination, we will referre it over,
vnto the place, where we fhall handlethe Subie& of Plants,
generally ; And will now begin with other Accelerations.
iquors are (many ‘of them) at the firfft, thicke and troubled; As
Muff, Wort, luyces of Fruits, or Herbs exprefled, &c. And by Zéme they
fettleand Clarifie, But to make them cleare,before the Time, is a great
Wotke; For it isa Spurreto Nature, and putteth her out of her pace:
And befides, ir is of good vie, for making Drinkes, and Sauces, Potable,
and Seruiceable, fpeedily; But to know the Meanes of Accelerating Cla-
rificatton,we mutt firft know the Cau/es of Clarification, The firlt Caw/e is,
by the Separation of the Groffer Parts of the Liquor, fromthe Fiwer. The
fecond, by the Equall Di/fribution of the Spirits ef the Ligaor, with the

Tangible Parts: Fer that euer reprefenteth Bodies Cleare and Vatrou-
H bled,

e
t=
al
=
—
inl (|
al
Fen
A
| el /
lan
=

»

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Clarification of
Liquors, and
the Accelerating
thereof,

301

| ener

bled, The third, by the Refining the Spirit it felfe, which thereby giueth L
to the Liquor more Splendor, and more Luftre. ‘ Y
302 Firft, tor Separation ; It is wrought by Weight; As in the ordinary | -
Refidence or Settlement of Liquors : By Heat: By Motion : By Precips-
tation, or Sublsmation; (Thatis, a Calling ofthe feuerall Parts, cither vp,
or downe, which is akinde of Attraction:) By Adhefion; As whena Bo-
dy more Fifcous is mingled and agitated with the Liquor 5 which Vit
cous Body (afterwards feuered) draweth with it the groffer parts of the | °
. | Liquor: And Laftly, By Percolation or Paffage,
203 Secondly, for the Ewe Diftribution of the Sprrits ; It is wrought By. |
Gentle Heats y Agitation or Motion ; (For of Time we{peake not, | *
becaufe it is that, wee would anticipate and reprefent:) And ir is
_ |wroughtalfo, By Mixture of fome other Body, which hath avertueto Pf
a - | openthe Liquor, and co make the Spirits the better paffe thorow. e
304 Thirdly, for the Refiming of che Spirit, it is wrought likewife By Heat;
By Motion; And by Mixture of fome Body which hath Yertwe to atcenmate,
Sotherefore (hauing fhewne the Cau/es) for the Accelerating of Clari-
_» | fication, in general!, and the Ewducing of it; take thefe Jnjfances, and
Trialls. a
305 It is in common Pra@tife, to draw Wine, or Beeré, from the Lees,
(which we call Racking;) whereby it will Clarifie much the fooner : For
“the Lees, though they keepe the Drinke in Heart,and make it lafting;yet
withall they caftvp fome Spiffirude: And this Zu/ance is to be referred | .
to Separation, t
306 On the other fide, it were good to try, what the Adding to the Zé
quour more Lees than his owne will werke; For though the Zees doe
make the Liquor turbide, yet they refine the Spirits, Take thereforea
Veffell of New Beere; And take another Veflell of New Beere, and Rack
the one Veffell from the Lees, and powre the Lees of the Racked Vefléll
into the vnracked Veffell,and fee the Effe& : This Jn/lance is referred to
the Refining of the Spirits.
307 Take New Beere, and put in fome Quantity of Stale Beere into it,
| and fee whether it will not accelerate the Clarification, by Opening the
Body of the Beere,and Cutting the Grofler Parts, wherby they may fall
downe into Lees, And this Inffance againe is referred to Separation, |
308 _ Thelonger Malt, or Herbs, or the like,are Infufed in Liquor,the more |
thicke and troubled the Liquor is; But the longer they be decoéted ia
the Liquor, the clearer itis. The Reafon is plaine, becaufe in Jnfufion,
the longer itis, the greater is the Part of the Groffe Body, thatgoeth
into the Liquor : But in Decoction, though more goeth forth, yet it ei- |
ther purgeth at the Top, or fetleth at the Bortome, And therefore the |
moft Bxaé Way to Clarifte is ; Firft, to Jnfu/e, and then to take off the
Liguor and Decoé# it, as they doc in Bere, which hath Male firft Infufed |
in the Liquor, and is afterwards boiled with the Hop. This alfo is refer- |
red to Separation, |
309 Take Hot Embers, and put them about a Bottle filled with New ~_
almo

Century. 1V.

almoft to the very Neck: Let the Bottle be well topped, lett it fie out:
And continue it, renewing the Embers eucry day, by the {pace of Ten
Daies ; and then compare it with another Bortle of the fame Beere {ct
by. Take alfo Lime both Quenched and Vaquenched, and fet the Bottles
in them, vsfupra. This Inftance is referred, both to the Eaen Dsffribu-
tiow, and alfo to the Refining of the Spirits by Heat,

Take Bottles,and Swing them; Or Carry them ina Wheele-Barrow,vp-
on Rough Grownd; twice ina day : But then you may not fill the Botsles
full, but leaue fome Aire; For if the Liqueur come clofe to the Stopple,
it cannot play,nor Hower: And when you haue fhaken them well,eittrer
way, powre the Drink into another Bortle, {topped clofe,afrer the Vfuall
manner;Forif it ftay with much Aire init, the Drinke will pall; neither
will it fectle fo pertectly in all the Parts, Let it ftand fome 24. houres:
Then take it, and put itagaineinto a Bottle wita Aire, vt fupra s And
thence into a Bottle Stopped, vt fupra: And fo repear the fame Operation
for {cuen daies, Note chat in the Emptying of one Bottle into another,
you mutt doc it {wiftly, left the Drémke pall. It were good alfo, torry ic
in a Bottle with alittle Aire below the Necke, without Emptying, This
Inftance is referred to the Ewen Diffribusion and Refining of the Spirits by
Motisz. ,

As for Percolation, Isward and Outward, (which belongeth to Sepa-
ration,) Triall would be made, of Clarsfying by Adbefion, with Mélke put
into New Beere, and ftirred with it: For it may be that the Grofler Part
of the Beere will cleaue rothe Adilke: The Doubtis, whether the Milke
will fever wellagaine; Which is foone tried, And itis vfuall in Clarify-
ing Ippocraffe to put in Milke; Which after feuereth and earrieth witi it
the Groffer Parts of the Jppocra/fe, as hath beene faid elfewhere. Alfo for
the better Clarification by Percolation, when they tun New Beere, they vile
to letit paffe chorow a Strasser ; And itis like, the finer the Sérainser is,
the cleerer it willbe,

The Accelerating of Maturation wee will now enqhire of.
And of Maturation it felfe. It is of three Natures, The Ma-
turation of Fruits: The Maturation of Drinks : And the Matu-
ration of ImpoflumesandVicers. This laft wereferre to ano-

| ther Place, where wee fhall handle Experiments Medicinall.
| There be alfo other Maturations, as of Metals, &c.. whereof
| we will {peakeas Occafion feructh. But we will begin with

cation ot Liquors.

For the Afaturation of Drinks, it is wrought by the Congregation of the
Spirits together, whereby they digeft more perfectly the Groffer Parts:
And it is effected partly, by the fame meanes, tht Clarification is (wher-
of we fpake before;) But then note, thatan Extreme Clarsfication doth

H 2 {pread

that of Drizkes, becaule it hath {uch Affinity with the Clarif-

311

Experiments
in Confore
touching Ma-
turation, and
the Accelerating
thereof, And‘
firft touching
the Maturation
and Quickning
of Drinks. And
next touching
the Maturation
of Fruits.

3 te

335

315

316

347

Naturall Hiftory:

{pread the Spirits fo Smooth,as they become Dull,and the Driwke dead,
which ought to haue a little Flouring, And therefore all your Cleare
Amber Drinke is flat.

We fee the Degrees of Maturation of Drinkes ; In Muff ; In Wine, as it
is drunke; And in Vinegar, Whereof Muff hath not the Spirtts well Con-
gregated ; Wine hath chem well vnited; fo as they make the Parts fome-
what mere Oylie : Vinegar hath them Congrcgated, bur more Jeiune,
and ia fmaller Quantity; The greateft and fineft Spirit and Part being
exhaled: For we fee Vinegar is made by ferting the Veflel of Wine againft
the hot Sun: And theretore Vinegar will not burne ; For that much of
the Finer Parts is Exhaled,

The Refre/bing and Quickning of DrinkePalled, or Dead, is by Enfor-
cing the Motion of the Spirit : Sowefeethat Opem Weather relaxeth the
Spirit, and maketh itmore lively in Metion, Wee {ee alfo Bostelling of
Beere, or Ale, while it is New, and fullof Spirit (fo thatit fpirteth when
the Stopple is taken forth) maketh the Drinke more quicke and windy,
A Paw of Coales in the Cellar doth likewife good ,and maketh the Drivke
worke againe. New Drinke, put to Drinke that is Dead, prouoketh itto
worke againe: Nay, whichis more (as {ome affirme) 4 Brewing of New

-Beere, fet by Old Beere, maketh it worke againe. It were good alfo to

| Enforce the Spirits by fome Mixtures,that may excite and quicken them;
As by Putting into the Bottles, Nitre, Chalke, Lime, &c, We {ee Creame
is Matured, and made torife more {peedily, by Putting in Cold Water ;
which, as it feemeth, getteth downe the Whey,

Itis tried, that the Barying of Bottles of Drinke well ftopped, either
in dry Earth, a good depth; Orin the Bottome ofa Well within Water ;
And beft of all the Hanging of them ina decpe Well fomewhat abone the
Water, for fome forthnights fpace, is an Ex-ellent Meanes of meking
Drinke freth, and quicke : for the Cold doth not caufe any Exhaling of
the Spirsts at alls As Heat doth,though it rarifieth the reft chat remaine:
But Cold maketh the Spirits vigorous, and irritareth them, whereby
they Incorporate the Parts of the Liquor perfeCly.

As for the Maturation of Fruits; Itis wrought by the Calling forth of the
Spirits of the Body outward, and fo Spreading them more /mesthly: And
likewife by Dige/ting, in fome degree, the Groffer Parts : And this is Ef-
fected by Heat 5 Motion; Attraction ; And by a Rudiments of Putrefaion:
For the Inception of Putrefaction hath in it a Maturation,

There were taken Apples, and laid in Straw; In Hay; In Flower;
In Chalke; In Lime; Coucred ouer with Onions; Couered ouer with
Crabs; Clofed vp in Wax; Shut in a Box, &c, There was alfo an
Apple hanged vp in Smoake: Ofall which the Experiments forced in this
Manner,

Aftera Moneths Space, the Apple Enclofed in Wax, was as Greene
and Frefhasat the firft Putting in,& the Kernels continued White. The
Cau/e is, for that all Exclafion of Opem Aire (which is cuer Predatory)
maiataineth the Body in his firft Frefhneffe, and Moifture : But the In-

conucnience

re ee ee |
Century. LV. gy 4

conuenience is,that it tafteth a little of the Wax : Which I fuppofe, ina
Pomgranate, or {ome fuch thick-coated Frast, it would not doe,

The Apple Hanged in the Smoake, turned likean Old Mellow Apple, | 3.19
Wrinkled,Dry,Soft,Sweet, Yellow within. The Cau/e is, for that fuch
a degree of Heat, which doth neither Melt,nor Scorch,(For we fee thar
in a great Heat, a Roaff apple Softneth and Melcet; And Pigs-feet, |
made of Quarters of Wardens, {corch and hauc a Skin of Cole) doth
Mellow, and not Adure: The Smoakealfo maketh the Apple (as it were)
fprinkled with Soot, which helpeth to Matre, We fee that in Drying of
Peares, and Prunes, iu the Quen, and Remouing of them oftenas they |
begin to Swear, there is a like Operation ; Bur chat is witha farre more |

Intenfe degree of Heat,

The Apples couered in the Lime and Afbes, were well Matured ; As ap-
peared both in their Yellowneffe and Sweetneffe. The Cae/é is,for that
that Degree of Heat whichis in Zime, and 4/bes (being a Smoothering
| Heat )is of all the reft moft Proper; for it doth neither Liquefie, nor

Arefie; And that is true Maturation, Note that the Tafte of thofe Apples
was good ; And therefore it is the Experiment fitteft for Vie.

The Apples, Couered with Crabs, and Onions, were likewife well Mata-
rea. The Caufe is, notany Heat; Butfor thatthe Crabs and the Onions
draw forth the Sprits of the Apple, and {pread them equally thorowout
the Body; which taketh away Hardneffe. So we fee one Apple ripeneth
again{t another. And therefore in making of Cider, they turne the 4p-
ples firt vpona heape. So one Cluffer of Grapes, that toucheth anether
whileft it groweth,ripeneth fatter; Botrus contra Botrums citins mature/cit,

The Apples in Hay,and the Straw, ripened apparantly thoughnot fo
muchas the Other; Bur the 4pplein the Straw more. The Cau/eis, for
that the Hayand Strawhauea very low degree of Heat, but yet Clofe
and Smoothering, and which drieth not.

The Apple in the Clofe Bax, was ripened alfo: The Cas/e is, for that 323
all Aire, kept clofe, hatha degree of Warmsth : As we fec in Wooll, Furre,

Plafb, &c.

Note that ali the/e were Compared with another Apple, of the fame kinde,

that lay of it Selfe: And in Comparifon of that, were more Sweet, and more>
Yellow, and fo capt tobe more Ripe.

Take an Apple,or Peare,or other like Frast,and Rewle it vpon a Table 324
hard; We feein Common Experience, thatthe Rowling doth Soften
and Sweeten the Frait prefently; Which is Nothing but the Swsooth Di-
frribution of the Spirits into the Parts:For the Vaequall Diftrebution of the
Spirits maketh the Harrifhoeffe: But this Hard Rowling is betweene
Concoction, and a Simple Maturation ; Thercfore, if you fhould Rowle

them but gently, perhaps twicea day; And continue it fome feuen
daies, it is like they would mature more finely, and like vnto the Vate-
rall Maturation.
Takean Apple, and cut out a Pzece of the Top, and couerit, to fee 325.

whether that Solution of Coxtinuity will not haften 2 Mapuration : WVe fee
3 that

ERI eR ee Nee, Be

320

321

322

re

|

; Experiment
Solitary tou-

| ching the Ma-
| king of Gold.

|

|
|

}

—

Ss

Neatwall Fiftory :

that where aWa/pe, ora Flie, or a Worme hath bitter, ina Grape or any
Fruit, it will fweeten haftily,

Take an Apple, &c, and pricke it with a Pinne full of Holes not deepe, |
and fmeare ita little with Sacke, or Cinwamson Water, or Spirit of Wine2;
euery day for ten daies, to fee if the Yirtwall Heat of the Wine, or Strong
Waters, will not Mature it,

In thefe Trials alfo, as was vfed in the fir/t, fet another of the fame Fruits
by, toCompare them : And try them, by their Ycllownedfle, aud by their
Sweetnefle.

The Werld hath beene much abufed by the Opinion of
Making of Gold : The Worke it {elfe I iudge to be poflible;
But the Meanes (hitherto propounded ) to effect it, are, in the
Practife, full of Errour and Impofture; And in the Theory,
full of vnfound Imaginations. For to fay, that Nature hath
an Intention to make all Metals Gold; And that, if fhe were de-
liuered from Impediments, fhee would performe her owne
Worke ; And that, if the Crudiues, Impurities,and Leprofities
of Metals, werecured, they would become Gold; And that a
little Quantity of the Medicine, in the Worke of Proieétion,
will turnea Sea of the Bafer Metall into Gold, by Multiplying:
Allthefe are but dreames : And fo are many other Gre 4s
of Alchymy. Andto helpethe Matter, the Alchymifts call in
likewife many Vanities, out of Affrologie, Naturall Magicke;
Superftitious Interpretations of Scriptures; Auricular Tradi-
ons ; Faigned Tefltimonies of Ancient Authors; And the like.
Itistruc, onthe other fide, they haus brought to light nora |.
few profitable Experiments, and thereby made the World

fome amends, But we, when we hall come to handle the

Verfion and Tranfmutation of Bodies; And the Experiments
concerning Metalls, and Mineralls; will lay open the true
Waies and Paflages of Nature, which may leadeto this great
Effect. And wecommend the wit of the Chinefes, who de-
{paire of Making of Gold, but are Mad vpon the Making of
Siluer : For certainc it is, that it is more difficult to make Gold,
(which isthe moft Pondrous, and Materiate amongft Me-
tals ) of other Metals, lefle Ponderous, and leffe Materiate;
than (via versa) to make Siluer of Lead, or Quick-Siluer ;
Both which aremore Ponderous than Siluer ; So that they

need

ae Ae

Century. 1V.

ned rathera further Degree of Fixation, than any Conden/ati-
on. In the meane time, by Occafion of Handling the Axiomes
touching Maturation,we will dire&t a Trial couching che Ma-
turing ot Metals, and thereby Turning fomeof them into
Gold : For we concciue indeed, that a perfect good Concoétion,
or Difgeffion, or Maturation of fome Metalls, will produce
Gold. Aud liere we call to minde, that we knéwa Dutch-man,
that had wrought himfelfe into the beleefe of a great Perfon,
by vadertaking that hee could make Gold : whofe difcourfe
was, that Gold might be made ; But that the A/chymi/?s Quer-
fired che Worke : For (he {aid) the Making of Gold did require
avery temperate Heat, as being in Nature aSubrerrany work,
where little Heat commeth; Butyet more to the Making of
Gold, than of any other Metall ; And thereforé that he would
doeit with a great Lampe, that {hould carry a Temperate and
Equal] Heat: And thatit was the Worke of many Moncths.
The Deuice of the Lampe was folly ; But the Ouer-firing
now vied; And the Equall Heat to berequired; And the
Making it a Worke of fome good Time ; are no ill Dif-
courfes.

Wee refort therefore to our Axiomes of Maturation, in Ef.
feét touched before. The firftis, that there be w/ed a Tempe-
rate Heat ;For they are cuer Temperate Heats that Difgef?,and
Mature: Whercin we meane Temperate, according to the Na-
ture of the Subieét ; Forthat may be Temperateto Fruits,and
Liquors, which will not worke at all vpon Metals. The Se-
cond is,that the Spirits of the Metall be quickened, and the Tan-
gible Parts opened : For without thofe two Operations, the
Spirit of the Metall, wrought vpon,will not be ableto difgeft
the Parts. The Thirds, that the Spirits doe (bread themfelues
Euen,and mouz not Subfulterily ; For that will make the Parts
Clofe, and Pliant, And this requiretha Heat, that doth not
rife and fail, but continue as Equall as may be. The Fourthis,

that no Part of the Spirit beemitted, but detained : For iftherebe |

Emifion ot Spirit, the Bodic of the Metall will be Hard, and
Churlith. And this will be performed, partly by the Temper
of the Fire; And partly by che clofenefle of the Veflell. The

Fifth |

85

SSS ee eee eel

|

86 Natural History:

Fifth is, thatthere be Choyce made of the likelie/? and beSt Prepa- |
red Metall, for the VerGon: For that will facilicate the Worke.
The Sixth is, that you giue Time enough for the Worke : Not to
prolong Hopes (asthe Alchymifts doe ; ) butindeed ro giue
Nature a conucnient Spaceto workein. Thefe Principles are
moft certaine, andtrue; Wee will now deriuea direction of
Triall our of them ,; Which may (perhaps) by turther Medita-
tion, beimproued.

327 Let there bea Small Furnace made, of a Temperate Heat; Let the Heat
bee fuch,as may keepe the AMetal/perpetwally Moultem,and no more; For
that aboue all importeth to the Worke, For the Material, take S#- |
wer, which is the Metall that in Nature Symbolizeth moft with Geld; Put

| inalfo, withthe Sélwer, a Tenth Part of Quick-filwer, and a Twelfth

Part of Nitre, by weight; Both thefe to quicken and open the Body of

the Metall : And fa lec the Worke be continued by the Space of Six Me-

neths,attheleaft. I wifhalfo, that there be, at fome times, an Iniecti-
on of fome Oyled Subftance; Such as they vfe in the Recouering of

Geld: which by Vexing with Separations hath beene made Churlifh:

And this is, to lay the Parts more Clofe and Smooth, which is the
Maine Worke, For Gold (as we fee) is the Clofeft (and therefore the
Heauieft) of afetals: And is likewife the moft Flexible, and Tenfible,
Note, that to thinke to make Gold of Qwick-filuer, Becaufe it is the hea-
uieft, isa Thing not tobe hoped; For Qwick-filuer willnot endure the
Mannage of the Fire. Next to Silaer, I thinke Copper were fittcft to be
the Material,

Pt | “eta hath thefe Natures: Greatne/feof Weight; Clofeneffe of Parts
liching Lia Ne- Fixation; Pliantneffe, or Softneffe; Immunity from Rust ; Colowr or |
twre of Gul. | Tinciureof Yellow, Thereforethe Sure Way, (though moft about.) to |
| 328 | make Geld, is to know the Can/es of the Seuerall Natures before teheare }
fed, andthe Axiomes concerning the fame, For if a Man can make a
| Metall, that hath all thefe Properties, Let Men difpute, whether it be

| Gold, or io?

; Experiments

Fin Confort, | The Enducing and Accelerating of Putrefaétion, is a Subiect
|iouching:he lof allery Vniuerfall Enquiry : For Corruption is a Reciprocall
| Acceleraingot toGensration: And they Two,are as Natures two Termes or
jPareaiies- Bundaries ; And the Guides to Life and Death. Putrefattionis
| the Worke of the Spirits of Bodies, which euerare vous to
|Get forth, and Congregate with the Aire, and to enioy the Sun-
beames. The Getting forth,or Spreading of the Spirits,(which
|isa Degree of Getting forth, )hath fiue Differing coogi
| the

Ne SSS.

(Century. LV.

the Spirts be detained within the Body, and moue more vio-
lently, there followeth Colliquation ; Asin Metals, dec. If more
Mildely, there followeth Di/geStion, or Maturation; As in
Drinkes, and Fruits. If the Spirits benot meerely Detained,
but Prorrude alittle,and that Motion be Confuled,and Inor-
dinate, there followeth Putrefaction ; Which euerdiflolucth
the Confiftence of the Body into much Inequaliry ; As in
Fle(h,Rotten Fruits, Sbining W ood, &c.And alfo in the Ruf of
Metalls. Burif that Motion bein acertaine Order, chere fol-
loweth Viuification, and Figuration ; As both in Liuing Crea-
tures bred ot Putrefaction, and in Liming Creatures Perfect.But
if che Spirits iffuc our of the Budy, there followeth Defecati-
on, Induration, (onfumption, &c. Asin Bricke, Evaporation of
Bodies Liquid, &c. ;

The Meanes to Enduceand Accelerate Putrefaction, are 5 Firft by Ad-
ding fome Crude or Watry Moiffure, As in Wetting of any Ficth, Fruit
Wood, with Water, &c, For contrariwife Vacisous and Oily Sabjiances
preferuc,

The Second is by Jauitation or Excitation; As when a Rottes Apples
lyethclofe to another Apple that is Sewed : Or when Dang (which is a
Subftance alreadie Putrified) is added to other Bodies. And this isa)-
fonotably {eene in Charch-yards, where they bury much; Where the
a will confume the Corps, in farre fhorter time, than other Earth
will.

The Third is, by Clofeme/fe,and Stopping, which detaizeth the Spérits,
én Prifom, more than they would; And thereby irritateth chem to fecke

Iffue ; As in Corne,and Cloaths,which wax Mufty;and theretore Open |

peare more Euidently in Agwes, which come (moft ofthem,) of Ob/fra- |

Aire (which they call Aer perflabilis) doth preferue : and this doth ap-

ions, and Penning the Humours, which thereupon Patrifie.

The Fourth is, by Solution of Continuitie ; As we fee an Apple willrot
fooner, ifit be Cut or Pierced; And fo will Wood, &c. And fothe
Fleth of Creatures aliue, where they haue receiued any VWWound,

The Fifth is, either by the Exhalang, or by che Driwing back of the Prin-
cipall Spirits, which preferue the Confiftence of the Bedy; So that when
their Gouernment is Diffolued, euery Part returneth to his Nature, or
Homogeny. And this appeareth in rive, and Blowa, when they coole,
and thereby breake; It appeareth alfo in the Gangrene, or Mortification
of Flefh, either by Opiates, or by Intenfe Colds. [conceiue alfothe fame
Effet is in Peffilences, for that the Maligmitie of the infecting Vapour,
daunceth the Primcipall Spirits, and maketh them fly, and leaue their Re-
giment ; And then the Humours, Flefo,and Secondary Spirits,doe difloluc,
and breake, as in an Awarchy.

The

—_—

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Experiments
in Consort tou-

| ching Prebibi-
| timg and Preuen-
| ting Putrefatti-

}

|
}

OM.

—

Natural Hiflor ys

The Sixth is, when a Forraine Spirit, Stronger and more Eager than the.
Spirit of the Body, entreth the Body; As inthe Stinging of Serpents, And |
this is the Cas/e ( generally) that vponall Poyfonstolloweth Swelling :
And we fee Swelling followeth alfo, when the Spirits of the Body it felfe,
Congregate too much; As vpon Blowes, and Bruifes; Or when they
are Pent in too much,as in Swelling vpon Cold. Andwe {ee alfo, thatthe
Spirits comming of Putrefaction of Humours in Agues, &c. which may
be counted as Forrasne Spirits,though they be bred within the Bedy,doe
Extinguith and Suffocate the Natural Spzrits,and Heat.

The Seuenth is, by fuch a Weake Degree of Heat, as fetteth the Spirits
in a little Motion, but is not able, either to aifgeft the Parts, or to I{fue the Spi-
vits, Asis {eene in Flefh kept ina Roome that is not Coole: Whereas
in a Coole and Wet Larder it will keepelonger, And we fee, that
Visification (whercot Putrefaction is the Bafard Brother, ) is eftected by
fuch Soft Heats; As the Hatching of Egges ; The Heat of the
Wombe, &c.

The Eight is, by the Releafing of the Spirits; which before were clofe
kept by the Selidneffe of their Couerture, and thereby their Appetite
of Iffuing checked ; Asin the Artificial Rufis induced by ftrong Wa-
ters, in Jren, Lead, &c. And therefore Wettsng hafteneth Raff, or Putre-
faction of any thing, becaufe it foftencth the Cruft, for the Spirits to
come forth,

The Ninthis, by the antl: of Heat and Cold, ot Wet and dries
As wee fee in the Mouldring of Earth in Frofts, andSunne; And
in the more haftie Rotting of Wood, that is fometimes wer, fome-
times drie.

The tenth is, by Time, and the Worke and Procedure of the Spirits shem-

felnes, which cannot keepe their Station ; Efpecially if they be left to
themfelues ; And there be not Agitation or Locall Motion, As we fee
in Cornenot ftirred; And mens Bodies not exercifed.

All Adonlds are Inceptions of Putrefaction ; As the Moulds of Pyes,
and Flefo; the Moulds of Orenges, and Limons ; which Monlds afterwards
turne into Wormes, or more odious Patrefactions: And therefore
(commonly) proue to be of ill Odour, And ifthe Body be Liquid,and
not apt to Putrifie totally, it will caft vp a Mother in the Top; As the Ao-
thers of Diftilled Waters.

Moffe is aKinde of Mowld, of the Earth,and Trees. But it may be bet-
ter forted asa Rudiment of Germination To which we referre it,

It isan Enquiry of Excellent vfe, to Enquire of the Meanes
of Preuenting ot Staying Putrefaétion; For therein confifteth
the Meanes of Conferuation of Bodies; For Bodies haue two
Kindes of Diffolutions ; The one by (on/umption, and Defic-
cation ; The other by Putrefaction. But as for the Putrefactions

of

. (Century. IV.

of the Bodies of Men, and Living Creatures, (as in Agues,
Wormes, Confumptions of che Lungs, Impoflumes, and VI-
cers both Inwards and Outwards,) they are a great Part of |

Phyficke,and Surgery: And thetefore we wil! releruethe Ex- |
quiry of them to the proper Place, where we thall handle Me- |
dicinall Experiments of all Sorts. Of the reft we wil] now En-|
ter into an Enquiry : wherein much light may be taken, from |
that which hath beenefaid, of the Meanes to Enduce or Acce-

lerate Putrefaction : For the Remouing that, which caufed Pu-|

trefaction, doth Preuent and Auoid Putrefaétion.

The Firft Meanes of Prohibiting or Checking Putrefaition, isCold: For
fo we fee that Meatand Drinke will laft longer, Vnputrified,or Vafowe |
red, in Winter, than in Summer: And we {ce that Flowers, and Fruits,
put in Conferuatories of Snow, kcepe freth, And this worketh by the
Detention of tire Spirits,and Con/fipation of the Tangible Parts.

The fecond is Affriction: For Aftriction prohibiteth Diffolution : As
we fee (generally) in Medicines, whereof fuch asare Afringents doc in-
hibite Putrefaction : And by the fame reafon of Affringencie, fome {mall
Quantitie of Oile of Vitrioll, will keepe Frefh Water long from Patre-
fring. And this AftriGion is in a Subftance that hath a Virtwall Cold; And
it worketh (partly) by the fame Meanes that Cold doth,

The Third is, the Excluding of the dire; And againe, the Expofing
tothe Aire : For the{e Contraries,(as it commeth often to paffe,)worke
the fame Effe@, according to the Nature of the Subie& Matter. Sowe
fee, that Beere, or Wine, in Bottles clofe topped, laftlong ; That the
Garners under Ground keepe Corne longer than thofe aboue Ground 3
And that Fruét clofed in Wax keepeth frefh: And likewife Bodies put in
Honey, and Flower, keepe morefrefh: And Liquors, Drinkes, and Inyces,
witha little Oyle caft on the Top, keepe freth. Contrariwife, we fee that
Cloth and 4pparell, not Aired, doc breed Moathes, and Mould ; and the
Diuerfitie is, that in Bodses thatneed Detention of Spirits, the Exclufion
ofthe Aire doth good ; Asin Drinks, and Corne : But in Bodies that need
EmifSon of Spirits, to difcharge fome of the Superfluous Moifture, ic
doth hurt, for they require 4irixg.

Tae Fourth is Motion, and Strring ; For Patrefaction askeft Ref? ; For
the Subtill aforion, which Putrefaction requireth, is difturbed by any 4-
gitation ; And all Locall Motzon keepeth Bodies Integrall, and their Parts
cogether; Aswe fee that Turning oucr of Corne in a Garner ; Or Let-
ting it runne like an Houre-glaffe, ftom an vpper Roome into a Lower,
doth keepe it Sweet: And Running Waters putrefie not: And in Mens
Bodies, Exercife hindereth Patrefaction, And contrariwife Ref, and
Wantof Motion, or Stoppings, ( whereby the Runne of Humours, or
the Morion of Perfpiration,is {tayed,) further Putrefaction; As we parte

ly touched a little before.
The

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35%

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ee

Naturall History: |

~ The Fifth is, the Breathing forth of the Aduentitious Moifture in Bodies; |

| For as Wetting doth haften Putrefaction; So Conuenient Drying (whereby

the more Radicall Moifture is oncly kept in,) putteth backe Putrefactien :
So we fee that Herbs, and Flowers, if they be dried inthe Shade; Or
dried in the hot Sunne, fora {mall time, keepe beft, For the Emiffion of
the Loofe aud Aduentitious Moifture, doth betray the Radicall Moiflureo 5
And carryeth it out for Company,

The Sixthis, the Strengthning of the Spirits of Bodies ; For asa Great
Heat keepeth Bodies ftom Putrefaction;But a Tepide Heat enclineth them
to Patrefaction : Soa Strong Spirit likewile preferueth, and a VWWeake or
Faint Spirit difpofeth to Corruption. So we finde that Salt-water cor-
rupteth not fo foone as Frefth: And Salting of Oifters, and Powdring
of Meat, keepeth them from Pasrefaction, It would be tried alfo, whe-
ther Chalke put into Water, or Drinke, doth not preferue it from Patref-
ing, ot {peedy Souring, So we fee that Strong Beere will laft longer than
Small; And all Things, that are hot and Aromaticall, doe helpe to
preferue Liquors, or Powders,8c, Which they do,as well by Strength-
ning the Spirits, as by Soaking out the loofe Moifure.

The Seuenthis, Separation of the Cruder Parts, aod thereby making the
Body more Equal ; for all vnperfecé Mixture is apt to Putrefie; And VWa-
try Subftances are more apt to Patrefie, than Oily, So we fee Diftilled
Waters willlaft longer than Raw waters; And things that haue pafled
the Fire, doelaft longer, than thofethat haue not paffed the Fire; As
Dried Peares, &c,

The Eighth is, the Drawing forth continwally of that part, where the Pa-
srefaction beginneth : Which is(commonly) the Loefe and watry Moiftures
Not onely for the Reafon before giuen, that it prouoketh the Radical
Moiftwre to come forth with it;But becaufe being detained in the Body,
the Patrefaction taking hold ofit, infeteth the reft: As wee fee in the
Embalming dead Bodses : And the fame Reafon is of Preferwing Herbs,ot
Fruits, or Flowers, in Branne, or Meale.

The Ninth is, the Consmixture of any Thing that is wore Oily, ox Sweet:
For fuch Bodies are leaftapt to Putrefie, the Wire working little vpon
them ; And they nor putrefying preferue the reft. And therefore we fee
Syrrups, and Ointments, willlaft longer, than Juyces.

The Tenthis, the Commixture of fomewhat that is Drie, For Putrefa-
ion beginneth fir from the Spirits ; And then from the Mesfere: And
that thatis drie is vnapt to putrefie: And therefore Smoake preferueth
Fiefh ; As wee fee in Bacon, and Neats-Tongues, and Martlemas
Beefe, &c.

The Opinton of fome of the Awcients, that Blewne Aires doc pre-
ferue Bodies, longer than other Aires, feemeth to Mee Probable; For
that the Blewne Aires, being Oucr-charged and Compreffed,will hard-
ly receiue the Exhaling of any Thing, birt rather repulfe it, It was tried
ina Blowne Bladder,whercinto Fleth was put,and likewife a Flower,and
it fortednot: For Dry Bladders will not Blow: And New Bladders *

ther

ee eae

a

Stocke, and Root, while it grew. 12. Part of the Wood that Shined, was

(Centar. TV. | “91
ther further Patrefaction : The way were therefore, to blow ftrongly, | T
with a Paire of Bellowes, into a Heghead putting into the Hogthead |
(before) that which you would hane preferued ; And in the inftant that |
you withdraw the Bellowes, ftop the Hole clofe,

He Experiment of Wood that Shineth inthe Darke,wehaue diligently Experiment
-® driven, and purfued: The rather, for that of all Things, that giue ce
Light here below, it is the moft Durable; And hath leaft Apparent Mo- _ sbiningin the
tion, Fireand Flame arein continuall Expence; Sugar fhineth onely , 277%.
while it is in Scraping ; And Sale-water while itis in Dathing ; Glow- | 35%
wormes haue their Shining while they liue, or a little after, Onely Seales |
of Fifhes (Putrificd) feeme to be of the fame Nature with Shining Wood: |
And itiserue, that all Patrefaction hath with it an Inward Motion, as |
wellas Fire, or Light. The Trial forted thus. 1. The Shésing is in {ome |
Peeces more Bright, in fome more Diname ; burt the moft Brightof all |
doth notatcaine to the Light of a Glow-worme. 2. The Woods that haue |
beene tried ro fhine, are chiefly Salow and Willow; Alfo the a/b, and
Hafle; Ic may be, itholdethin others...3. Both Roots, and Bodies doe
thine, but the Roots better. 4, The Colosr of the Shising Part, by Day-
light, is in fome Peeces White, in {ome Peeces inclining to Red ; Which
in the Countrey they call the White, and Red Garret. 5. The Patt that
Shineti, is, (for the moft part) fomewhar Soff, and Ait to feele co; |.
Butfome was found tobe Firme and Hard; So as it might be figured
into a Croffe, or into Beads, &c, But you muft norlooke:to haue an I-
mage, or thelike, in any thing thatis Lightfome; For euen a face in
Iron red Hot will not be feene, the Light confounding the {mall diffe-
reuces of Lightfome and Dirkfome, which thew the figure, 6. There-
was the Shining Partpared off, till you came to that, that did nor Shine;
But within two D ties the Part Contigagus beganne alfo to Shimajbeing’
laid abroad in the Dew; So as it fcemeth the Putrefaction {preadeth,
7. There was other dead Wood of like kinde,that was Laid abroad,which
Sbined notat the firft; Bucafter a Nights lying abroad began to Sheng,
8. There was other Wod, thatdid Firft fhine; And being laid dry inthe
Houfe, within flue or fix daies, Loft the Shining; And laid abroad a+
gaine, Recowered the Shining. -9. Shining weods, being laid ina Dry
Roame, within a Seven night, loft their Shining ; but being laid im a
Cellar, ot Danke Roome, kept the Shining. 10, The Bearing of Holes,in that
kinde of Wood, and, then laying it abroad, feemeth to conduce to
makeit Shine: The Caufeis,for thatall Solution of Continuity doth helpe
on Patrefaction,as was touched before, 11, No Wood hath beene yet
tried to Shine, that was cut downe alive, but fuchas was Rotted, both in

feeped in Onle, and retained the Shining a Forthnight..13.The like fuc-
ceeded in fome Steeped in Water, and much better; 14. How long the
Shining will contiue, if the Wood be laid abroad ewery Night, and.takes

in and Sprinckled with Water in the Day, is not yet tried. 15. Triall was
I made

A

Natural. History: 3 |

made of laying tt abroad in Frofty weather, which nurt it nor, 16, There’

was a great Peece of a Rast which did fhine,and the Shining Part was Cut
off, till no more Shined 5 ¥ct after two Nights, though te were kept in

a dry Roome, it got a Shining. Hoy

ye

Experiment af He Bringing forth of Lining Creatures may be accelerated in two Re-

Neate {pects: The one,if the Emsbryen ripeneth and perfecteth fooner: The | -

leration of Birth, | other if there be fome Caufe from the Mothers Body,of Expul/ion or Pat- 5

353 ting it down : whereof the Former is good, and argueth Strength; The

Latter is ill, and commeth by Accident or Diftafe. And therefore the
Ancient 06/eruation is true, thatthe Childe borne inthe (euenth Moneth,

| dothcommonly well; But Borne én the Eighth Moneth, doth (for the

moft part) die, ButtheCas/é aflignedis Fabulous; Which is, tharin:

the Eighth Moneth, fhould be the Returne of the Rei, ne, ofthe Phases
| Saturne : which (as they fay) isa Planet Maligne ; whereas in the Se-
ucntinis the Reigne of the Ateome,which is a Planet Propitious, Burthe | _
truc Caafeis, forcharwhere thereiis fo greata Preuention of the Ordi-
nary time, it is the /u/fime/fe of the Childe; But when it is leflc, it isfome
Indifpofition of the Mother,

Experiment O Accelerate Growth or Stature, it muft proceed ; Eitherfrom the

Sinpthe dei BB Plenty ofthe Naurifhment ; Or from the Nature of the Nowrilbments

leration of | Or fromthe Quickning and Exciting of the Natural Heat, Ferthe firft,

|

|

|

ceenen Exceffé of Nowrs/hment is hurttulls For it maketh the Childe Corpulents

354 And Growing in Breadth, rather than in Heighth, And yowmay take

an Experiment from Plants, which, if they fpread much, are feldome
tally As for the Nature of the Nourifhment ; Firft, it may norbe too Dry; |
And therefore Children in Dayrie Countries doe wax more tall, than
where they feed more vpon Bread, and Flefh. There is alfo a receiued
Tales That Boyling of Dafie Roots in Milke(which it is certaine are great
Diiers) will make Dags little. But fo muchis true, that an Oser-dricd
Laur ifbment in Childhood putteth backe Stature, Secondly, the Now:
‘rillment mutt be of an Opening Nature; For that Attenuateth the luice,
| and furthereth the Motion of the Spirits ,vpwards. Neither is it with-
| ont caufe, that Xenophon, in the Nowriture of the PerfianChildren, doth
)fo much ‘commend theit Feeding vpon Cardamon ; which (hee faith) |
tmade then grow better, and be ofamore A@iue Habit. Cardamon is in
| Latine Nsfurtinwm; And with vs Water-Crefes; Which, it is cortaineyis

an Herbe, tharwhileft it isyoung, is Friendly to Life, Asfor the Quick+ |
) ning of Naturall Heat; it muttbe done chiefly with Exercife,; And theres |
fore (no doubt) much Going to.Schoole, where they fit fowmuch; hin |
(dreth the Groweh of Children; whereas Country People, that goe not
ita Schoole, are commonly of better Stature, And againe Men mutt bee |
| ware, how they giue Children, any thing that is Cold in Operation; For
cuen Long Sucking doth hinder both Hit, and Stature, This hath beene.
tricd, thata Whelpe, that hath beene fed with Nétre in Adilke, hath be» |
come

| |

lac gem sce cl

4

| a bagi

Century. LV. 93
come very little, but extreme liuely : For the Spirit of Nitre is Cold.And
though it be an Excellent Medicine, in Strength of yeeres, for Pro-
longation of Life ; yet it is,in Children and young Creatures, an Ene-
my toGrewth: And all for the fame Reafon; For Heat is requifite to
Growth: Burt after a Manis cometohis Middle Age, Heat confimeth
the Spirits; which the Coldneffe ofthe Spirit of Nitre doth helpe to

| condenfe, and correét.
|
|

There be two Great Families of Things; You may terme | Fxpcrimencs

| them by feuerall Names ; Sulphureous and Mercuriall, which roach Sal
| are the Chymifts Words: (For as for their Saljwhich is their | 7m ooo pen
| third Principle, itis aCompound of the other two; ) Inflam- | reles Prince
mable and Not laflammable; Mature and Crude; Oily and Wa-
try. For we fee that in Subterranies there areas the Fathers of |
their Tribes, Brimffone and Mercury : In Vegetables, and Li-
| uing (reatures,chercis Water and Oile: In the Inferiour Order | -
of Pueumaticals there is dire and Flame : And inthe Superiour,
thereis the Body of the Starre, and the Pure Sky. And thefe
Paires, though they be valike inthe Primitive Differences of
Matter, yet they feemeto haue many Confents : For Mercury
and Sulphureare principal] Materials of Metals; Water and
Oyle,are princival] Materials of Vegetables and Animals; And
~ |feeme to differ but in Maturation, or Concoétion: Flame (in
Vulgar Opinion) is but Aire Incenfed; And they both haue
Quickneffe of Motion, and Faciliry of Ceflion, much alike :
And the Inter/fellar Skie, (though the Opinion be vaine, that
the Starre is the Denfer Part of his Orbe) hath notwithftan-
ding fo much Affinity with the Star, that there isa Rotation
ofthat, as well as of the Starre. Therefore,itis one of the grea-
telt Magnalia Nature,co vutne Water, ot Watry Inyce, into Oile
or Oily luyce: Greater in Nature, than to turne Silver, or
Qiuick-Siluer, into Gold.
The Infta nees we haue, wherein Cradeand Watry Subftance turneth 355
into Fat and O7ly, are of foure kinds. Firft inthe Mixture of Earth and
Water, which mingled by the helpe of the Sunne,gather a Nitrous Fat-
neffe, more than-either of them have feucrally ; Aswe fee, in that they
put forth Plaats, which need both Iuyces,
: The Sccondis in the Afimslation of Nowrifhment, made in the Bo. 356
_| dies of Plants, and Liuing Creatures ; Whereot Plants tutne the Iuyce of
meecre Water and Earth, into a great deale of Oily Matter : Liming Crea- |
12 tures, |

|
2 «absense eminiie aa a Me Ce
teres, though much of their Fat and Flefh, are out of Oily Aliments, (as
Meas and Bread) yet chey Affimilate alfoin a Meafure their Drinke of |
Water, &c. But thefe two Waies of Verfiow of Water into Oile, (namely |
by Mixture, and by Afimilation) are by many Paffages, and Perco- |

lations, aud by long Continuance of foft Heats, and by Circuits of |,

Time,
357 The third is in the Inception of Putrefaction ; As in Water Corrupted ;
And the Aéothers of Waters Dé/filled; Both which haue a kinde of Fat-
neffe or Oile.
[ 358 The Fourth is in the Dwlcoration of {ome Metals; As Saccharum. }
Saturni, 8c. |

Difgeflion; For Oile is almoft Nothing elfe but Water difge/fed; And this
| Difgeftion is principally by Heat;Which Heat mutt be either Outpard,or
| Jnward : Againe, it may be by Prouocation, or Excitation; Which is
caufed by the Mingling of Bodies already Oily or Di/gefted; For they
will fomewhat Communicate their Nature with the reft, Di/pe/fion al-
| fo ts ftrongly effected by dircét Afiimilation, of Bodies Crude into Bodies

Difecfted; As in Plants,and Lising Creatures, whofe Nourifhment is far

more Crude than their Bodies: But this Di/ge/tom is *by a great Com-

paffc, as hath bene faid. As for the more full handling of thefe two

Principles, whereof this is buta Tafte; (the Enquiry of which is one of
| the ProfoundeftEnquiries of Nature) We leaue it to the Title of Per-
- | fiow of Bodies, And likewife to the Title of the Fér/t Congregations of Mat-

ser; Which like a Generall Affembly of Eftates, doth giue Lawtoall
Bodies.

359 The Intention of Verfion of Water into a more Oily Subjtance, is by

eq Tee"

Sereda} | Chameleon is a Creature about the Bigneffe of an Ordinary Zi- A
Solitary tou- zard: His Head vnproportionably big; His Eyes great: He mo-

oe chamele- | ueth his Head without the writhing of his Necke (which is inflexible) ‘

E 60 as a Hogge doth: His Backe crooked; His Skin {potted with little Tu. ‘

3 mours,leffe Eminent neerer the Belly s his Taile flender, andlong: On ;

| each Foot he hath fiue Fingers;three on the Outfide,andtwoontheIn- | ;

Jowattheend ; Which he willlaunch outto prey vpon Fhes, Of Co- :

Jour Greene, and ofa dusky Yellow, brighter and whiter towards the :

Belly; Yet fpotted with Blew, White, andRed, If hee beelaid vpon .

Greene, the Greene predominateth; If vpon Yellow, the Yellow; nor :

|
| fo ifhe be laid vpon Blew, orRed, or White; Onely the Greene Spots
recejue a more Orient Luftre : Laid vpon Blacke,he looketh all Blacke,
| | though not without a Mixture of Greene, He feedeth not onely vpon
| Aire(though that be his principall Suftenance ;) For fometimes hee
| | caketh Flies, as was {aid ; Yet fome that haue kept Chameleons a whole
| | ycere together,could neuer percciue that euer they fed ypon any Thing
| elf but Aire; And might obferue their Bellies to fwell after they had
| exhaufted che Aire, and clofed their Iawes; Which theyopen com.
monly

—

fide;His Tongue of a marucllous Length in refpeét of his Body, & hol-

(Century. IV. | 95
monly againft che Raycs of the Sunne, They hauea foolith Tradition esa
in Magicke, that ifa Chameleon be burnt vpon the Top of a Houfe, it will
raife a Tempeft;Suppofing (according to their vaine Dreames of Sym-
pathies) becaufe he nourifheth with Aire, his Body thou!d haue great
vertue to make Impreffion vpon the Aire.

Tisreported by one of the Ancients, that in Part of Media, there arc | Experaeha

Eruptions of Flames out of Plaines; And that thofe Flames are clecre, | Solitary tou-
and caft not forth fuch Smoake,and Afhes,and Pummice,as Moantaine | ching Subterra
Flames doe, The Reafon (no doubt) is, becaufethe Flame is not pent, gg ee:
as itis in Afoumtaines, and Earth-qaakes which caft Flame, There be alfo | 36%
fome Blinde Fires,vnder Stone,which flame not out,but Oile being pow- |
red vpon tiem, they flameout. The Caufe whereof is, for that it fee-
meth, the Fire isto choaked,as not able ro remoue the Stone, it is Heat, |
rather than Flame 3 VWhichneuertheleffé is fufficient to Enflame the
Ole,

1 is reported, that in fome Lakes, the Water is fo Nitrous, as if Foule | Experiment
Cloaths be put into it,it {coureth them oft felfe: And if they ftay any eee
whit long, they moulder away. And the Scouring Vertue of Witre is |“ en
the more to benoted, becaufe it is a Body Cold; And we fee Warme Wa- 3

ter fcoureth better than Cold. But the Caufe is, for thatit hath a Sub-

till Spirit, which {cuereth and diuideth any thing that is foule, and Vif.

cous, and ftickethvponaBody,

Akea Bladder, he greareft you can ger; Fill it full of Wind,and tye | Experiment
it about the Necke with a Silke thred waxed ; And vpon that put | Soltaty tou-
likewife Wax very clofe;So that when the Necke of the Bladder drieth, ieee
no dire may poflably getin, nor out, Then bury it three or foure foot 363
voder the Earth, in a Vault, or in a Conferuatory of Snow, the Snow being
made hollow about the Bladder; And after {ome Forthnights diftance,
fee whether the Bladder be fhrunke : For ifit be, then it is plaine, that
the Coldneffe of the Earth, or Ssow, hath Condenfed the ire, and
brought ita Degree neerer to Water : Which is an Experiment of great

Confequence.

i is a Report of fome good credit, that in DeepeCanes, there are Pes- | Experiment
fileCryfiall, and Degrees of Cryftall that drop ftom aboucs And in Solitary tou-
fome other, (though more rarely) that rife from below, Which though bee wae
it be chiefly the WWorke of Cold, yet it may bee, that Water, that paf- | into cnjmt.
feth thorow the Earth, gatherech a Nature more clammy, and fitter to 364
Congeale, and become Solid, than Water of it felfe. Therefore Triall
would be made,to lay a Heape of Earth, in great Frofts,vpona Hollow
Veffell, putting a Canuafe betweene, that itfalleth not in: And powre
Water vpon it, in fuch Quantity, as will be fure to foake thorow,; And
fee whether it will not make an harder Ice in the bottome of the Veffel,

13 and

if ‘>: ae ~ Natural Hifiory :
i and leffe: apt to diffolue, than ordinarily. Lfuppofe z! ifo, that ifyou make
the Earth narrower at the bottome, than atthe Top, in fafhion of a Su-
| gar Loafe Reuerfed, it will helpe tue Experiment. Por it will make the.
Ice, where it Iffueth, leffe in Bulke; And euetmore Sinalneffe of Quan.
| tity isa Helpe to Verfivn, |
| Experiment T Ake Damaske Rofés,and pull them ; Then dry them vpon the Th
Solitary tou- ofan Houfe, vpon a Lead or Tartas! in the hot Sunne, in a cleere |
er day, betweene the Houres (onely) of rweltie’aind two or there abouts, |
j bauer, bothin | Then put thers into a Sweet Dry Earthen Bottle, ora Glaffe,with narrow |
, Colour & Smell. | NA outhes, ftuffing them clofe rogether, but without Bruifing : Stop the )
1 355 Bottle, or Glaffe clofe,and thefe Ro/es will retaine, not onely their Smell! |
i | Perfea, bur their Colour frefh,for a yeereat leaft, Note, that Nothing |
doth fo much deftroy'any Plant, or other Body, either by Putrefaction,
or Arefaction, as the Aduentitious Moifture, which hangeth loofe in the
Body, ifit be rot drawne out. For it betrayeth and tolleth forth the Ja-
nate and Radicall Moifture,along with it,when it felfe goeth forth. And
therefore in Lining Creatures, Moderate Sweat doth preferue the Iuyce
of the Body, Note that thefe Ro/es, when you take them from the Dry-
ing, hau little or no Smell; So that the Smell is a Second Smell, that if-
fueth out of the Flower afterwards,
Experiments | He Continuance of Flame, adasniing vnto the diuerfity of the siih
in Confort

see Enflamed,&< other Circum{tances,is worthy the Enquiry; Chiefly,

touching the | I for that though Flame be(almoft)of a Momentany Lafting,yet it recei-

‘Flame. | weth the More, andthe Leffe: we will firft therefore fpeake (at large) of

366 | Bodies Enflamed, wholly, and Immediatly, without any Wieke torhelpe

- 6, .0\| the Jaflammmation, A Spoonfull of Spirit of Wine, a little heared, was

| raken, and it burnt as long as cameo 116. Pulfes, The fame Quanti-

ty of Spirit of Wine, Mixed with the Sixth Part of a Spoonful of Nitre,

burnt burto the {pace of 94, Pulfes. Mixed with the like Quantity of

Bay fale, 83. Pulfes, Mixed with the like Quantity of Guspowder, which

diffolued into'a Black warer, rro.Pulfes. A Cube, or Pellet of rellow

| Wax, wastaken,as much as halfe the Spirit of Wine, and fetin the Mid-

| deft, and it burne onely to the {pace of 87. Pulfes. Mixed with the Sixth

Part ofa fpoonfull of Milke, it burnt to the {pace of 100. Pulfés; And

| cho“ailkewas eridled) Mixed with the Sixth Part of a fpoonfullof

| Water, it burnt to the fpage of 86: Pulfes ; With an Equall Quantity of

Water, onely to the {pace of 4. Pulfes, ‘A final Pebble was laid inthe

Middeft sand the Spirit of Wine burnt to the fpaceof 94. Pulfes. A

| Peece of Pood, of the bigneffe ofan Arrow,and about a Fingers length,
|
?

was fer vpin the Middeft, and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the {pace of |
94. Pulfes! So that the Spirit of Wine Simple, endured the longeft; And |
the Spirit of Wine with the Bay-/alt, and the Equall Quantity of Water,
were the fhorteft,
Confider well, wheeher the more {pecdy Going forth ofthe flame, bee

\ caufed, |

Fe SS

eS ae |

| Century, LV. 97 ||

caufed,by the Greacer Vigour of the Flame in Burning;Or by the Refiftance
of the Body mixed, and the Aserfion thereof to take Flame: Which will
appeare by the Quantity of the Spirit of Wee, thatremaineth after the
Going out of the Flame, And it fcemerh clearely ro be the latter; For
that che Mixture of Things leaft apt to burne, is the Speedieft in going
our, And nore, by the way, that Spirit of Aime buraed, tillit goe out of
itfelfe, will burneno move 5 And cafteth nothing fo hotin the Mourh,
asit did; No.nor yet fowre, (as it it were a degree towards Vineger, )
which Burnt Wine doth; but Hat and dead.
Note, that in the Experiment of Wax aforefaid, the Wax diffolued in 268
the burning,and yet did not incorporate it {elfe,with the Spirit of Wine,
to produce one Flame ; but wherefoeuer the Hux foared, the Flame for
fooke ir, cill ar laft it {pread all ouer, and put the Klame quite our.

The Experiments of the Mixtures of the Spzrit of Wine enflamed, are 369
Things of Difcouerie, and notof Vie: Butnow we wil {peake of the
Continsance of Flames, fuchas are yfed for Candles, Lampes, or Tapers ,
confifting of nflammable, Matters, and of a Wieke that prouoketh Iafla-
mation, Andtlusimporrethnot only Difcouery, bur alfo Vfe and Pro- |
fir; For it is a great Sauing, inall fuch Lights, af they canbe made as
faircand bright as orhers, and yer Jaft longer. Wax Pure made intoa
Candle, and Wax Mixed feucrally into Candle-ftuffe, with the Particu-

| lars that follows£viz. Water, Aqua-vite, Milke,Bay-falt,Oyle, Butter, Nitre,
Brimftone, Saw-duit,) Euety of thefe bearing a Sixth Part tothe Wax;
And euery of thefe Candles mixed, being of the fame Weight and
Wicke with the 4x Pure, proued thus in the Burning, and Lafting.
The Swifteft in Confuming was that with Saw-dast ; Which firtt bur-
ned faire, till fome part of the Candle was contunied, and the Duft g3-
thered abour the Snafte; But then it made the Snafte bigge, and long,
and to burne duskithly,, and the Candle wafted in halfe the time of the
Wax Pare. The next in Swittneffe,were the Oyle, and Butter, which con-
fumed, bya Fifth parr, {wifter than the Pure Wax. Then followed in
Swiftacle the Cleare Wax it felfe. Then the Bay-Salt, which lafted about
an Eighth part longer than the Cleare Wax, Then followed the Aqua-
vite, which lafted about.a Fifth partlonger than the Cleare Wax. Then
followed che Aélke,and W7ater,with little difference from the Aqua-vita,

but che (ster floweft. And in thefe foure lait, the Wreke would fpit forth |

little Sparkes. For the Nére,it would not ho!d lighted abone fome
Twelue Pulles; Bur allchewhileit would {pit out Portions of Flame,
which afterwards would. go¢ our into a vapour. For the Brims/fone, it
wouldhold lightcd, much about the fame time withthe Witre; Buc
then after a little whileit would harden and cake about the Snafte; So
that the Mixtuce.ot Bayo Salt with Wax; will winan Eighth partof the

y

time of lafting,and the Water a Fitch, i BOO
. After the Senerail Materials were tried, Trial was likewifemade of | 370
feuerall WiekessAs of Ordinary Cotten; Sawing Thread; Rafh§ Silke;
| Straw; and Wood. The. Silke, Swram, aad Woadjwould flameia little, cill |
they |

—_ -- —_

98

—————

ov!

o/*

373

374

| Natural Hiflory:
|

| they came to the Wax,and then goe out: of the Other Three,the Thred

| confumed fafter than the Cotton, by a Sixth part of Time: The Cotten,

| next: Then the Ra/h confumed flower than the Cotton,by at leaft a third
part of time, For the Bigneffe of the Flame, the Cotto, and Thred, caft |
a Flame much alike ; and the Rus much lefle, and dimmer, Qware,whe-
ther Wood, and Wiekes both, as in Torches, confume fafter, than the
Wiekes Simple ?

Wehaue fpoken of the Seuerall Matersalls, and the Seuerall Wickes :
But to the effing of the Flame, it importeth alfo;Not only what the Ma-
seriall is, but in the fame Material, whether it be Hard, Soft,Old, New,
&c.Good Hon/e-wines,to make their Candles burne the longer,v{e to lay
them (one by one) in Bran, or Flower, which make them harder, and fo
they Confume the flower: In fo much, as by this meanes, they will out-
laft other Candles, of the fame Stuffe, almoft Halfe in Halfe. For Braz
and Flower hauea Vertue to Harden: So that both Age, and lying in
the Bran, doth helpe to the Lafting. Andwe feethat Wax Candles laft
longer than Tallow Candles, becaufe Wax is more firme, and hard,

The Lafting of Flame alfo dependeth vpon theesfie Drawing of the
Nourifoment; As we {ee in the Court of England, there isa Seruice which
they call All-might ; which is (as it were) a great Cake of Wax,with the

| Wieke inthe Middeft ; whereby it commeth to paffe, that the Wicke
fetcheth the Nourifhment further off. We fee alfo that Lamps laft lon-
ger, becaufethe Veflell is farre broader, than the Bredth of a Taper,
or Candle,

Take a Tarretted Lampe of Tinne, made in the forme ef a Squire ; The’
Heighth of the Twrret being thrice as much, as the length of the lower
part, whereupon the Lampe ftandeth : Make only one Hole init, at the
End of the Returne furtheft from the Tarret. Reuerfe ir, and fill it full
of Oile, by that Hole ; And then fet it ypright againe ; And puta Wicke

in atthe Hole; And lighten it: You thall finde that it will burne flow,
and along time. Which is caufed, (as was faid laft before,) for that the
Flame fetcheth the Nowri(bment a farre off. You fhall findealfo, that as
the Oile wafteth, and defcendeth, fo the Top of the Turret, by little and
| little, filleth with Aire; which is caufed by the RarefaGion of the Oile
by the Heat. Itwere worthy the Obferuation, to makea Hole, inthe
| Top of the Turret, and to trie, when the Oile is almoft confumed,whe-
| ther the Aire made of the Oéle, if you put to ita Flame ofa Candle,in the
letting of ic forth, will Enflame. It were good alfo to hawe the Lampe
made, not of Tinne, but of Glafe, that you may fee how the Vapour, or
Aire gathereth, by degrees, in the Top.

A Fourth Point, that importeth the Jaffing of the Flame, is the Clofe-
ne(fe of the Asre, wherein the Flame burneth, We fee, that if Wind blow- |
eth vpona Candle, it wafteth apace. Wee fee alfo, it lafteth longer ina |
Lanthorne,than at large, And there are Traditions of Lampes, and Can-
dles, that haue burnta very long time, in Cawes, and Tombes.

A Fifth Point, that importeth the La/fing of the Flame, is the ene |

°

| Century. 1Ve

of the Aire, where the Flame burneth; whether ir be Hot or Cold;
Moift or Drie, The Aire, ifie be very Cold, irritateth the Flame,and ma-
keth it burne more fiercely ; ( As Fire {corcheth in Frofty weather ; )
_ And fo furthereth the Con/umption, The Aire once heated, (I conceiue)
/ maketh the Flame burne more mildly, and fo helpeth the Continuance.
| The Aire, if it be Drée, is indifferent: The Aire, if itbe Avo, dothina
_ Degree quench the Flame : (As we fee Lights will goe out in the Damps
| of Ménes:) And howfocuer maketh it burne moredully: And fo hel-
peth the Continaance.

—~

Prialls in Earth ferue for Preferwation; And for Condenfatios; And

for Juduration of Bodzes, And if you intend Comden/ation, or Indura-
tion, you may bury the Bodies fo, as Earth may touchthem: As if you
will make Artificial Porcelane, 8c, And the like you may doe for Confer-
uation, if the Bedies be Hard and Solid, As Clay, Wood, &c. But if you
intend Preferuation of Bodies,more Soft and Tender, then you muft doe
one of thefe two: Either you muft put them in Cafes, whereby they may
not touch the Earth, Orelfe you mult vaale the Earth, whereby it may
hang ouer them, and not touch them; For ifthe Earth touch them, it
will doe more burt, by the Moifture, guing them to putrifie, than
good by the virtuall Cold, to conferuc them; Except the Earth be very
Drie, and Sandie,

An Orenge, Limon, and Apple, wrapt ina Linnen Cloth, being buried
for a Forthnights Space, foure foot deepe within the Earth, though it
were ina Moift Place, and a Rainie Time, yetcame forth, no wayes
Mouldie, or Rotten, but were become a little harder than they were;
Ocherwife freth in their Colour ; But their Iuyce fomewhat flatted, But

with the Barsall of a Forthnight more they became Putrified,

A Bottle of Beere, buried in like manner,as before,became more liue-
ly, better tafted, and Clearer, thanitwas. Anda Botéle of Wine in like
manner.A Bottle of Vinegar,fo buried, came forth more liuely,and more
Odoriferous, {melling almoft like a Violet, And after the whole Mo-
neths Burial, all the Three came forth,as freth and lively, ifnot better,
than before,

Itwerea profitable Experinsent,to preferue Orenges, Limsons, and Pom-
granates, till Summer ; For then their Price willbe mightily increafed.
This may be done, if you putthem ina Pot or Veffell, well couered,
that the Mo:/fure of the Earth come not atthem ; Or elfe by putting
them in a Confersatery of Snow, And generally, whofoeuer will make
Experiments of Cold,let him be prouided of three Things ; A Confermato-

ry of Snows A cood large Vault, wwenty foorat leaft vnder the Ground;
Anda Deepe Wel.

Stone, thachaue loft their Colours, may be reconered by Bwrying in the
Earth: VV hich isa thing of great profit, if it would fort: But ypon Triall
of Six Weekes Burial, there followed no Effed. It were good to tric it,

e in

nated

There hath beenea Tradition, that Pearle, and Coral, and Twrchoise |

Experiments
in Confort tou-
ching Buyialls
or Lufufions of
diuers Bodiesin
Earth,

76

377

378

379

380

XN aturall History:

in a Deepe Well; Or ina Conferuatory of Snow, where the Cold may be
more Conftringent; And fo make the Bedy more vnited, and thereby |
more R efplendent,

—

a Mx Bodies are heavier, and lef{e difpofed to Motion, when Sem-
ching fs Af therne Winds blow, than when Northerne, The Cau/e is, for that
felsin Mass | when the Southerne Winds blow, the Humours doe (in fome Degree)
Bodies roms" | melt, and wax fluide, and fo flow into the Parts; As it is feene in Wood,
381 and other Bodtes 3 which, when the Southerne winds blow, doc fwell .Be-
fides, the Motion and A ¢tiuity of the Body confifteth chiefly in the Si-

newes, which, when the Sostherne Wind bloweth, arc more relax.

| Experiment T is commonly feene, that moreare Siske inthe Summer, and more
Soliraty rou | A Dye in the Winter ; Except it bein Pe/filent Difeafes, which common-
' ching Winter . é f P
and Sammer ly reigncin Summer, or Autumne, The Reafonis, becaufe Difeafes are
Sickneffes. bred (indeed) chicfly by Heat; But then they are Cured moft by Sweat,
382 and Parge ; which in the Summer commeth on, oris prouoked, more
Eafily : As for Pe/tilent Difeafes, the Reafon why moft Die of them in
Summer, is becaufe they are bred moft in the Sammer; For otherwife
thofe thatare touched are in moft Danger in the Winter.
| Experiment He Gencrall Opinion is, that Yeares Hot and Motif, aremoft Peifi-
ehing Pepe lent ; Vpon. the Superficiall Ground, that Heatand Moiflare caufe

tiallSeajons. — |\Putrefaction, In Exglanditis found not true; For, many times, there’

333 _ ||haue becne great Plaguesin Drie Teares. VWWhereof the Caufe may be,for
that Droaght in the Bodies of I/landers,habituateto Moiff Aires,doth Ex-
afperate the Humours, and. maketh them more apt to Purrific, or En- |
flame: Befides, it tainteth the Waters (commonly, ) and maketh them '
Iefle wholcfome, And againe in Barbary, the Plagues breake vp in the

Summer-moneths, when the Weather is Hot and Dry, |

Experiment

M Any Défea(es, (both Epidemicall, and others,) breake forth at Par- |
acest pele ! ticular times, And theCan/eis falfcly imputedto the Comftitution of |
recenedabouc | the Aire, at that time, when they breake forth, or reigne ; whereas it pro-

Epidemvall Dif- | Ceedeth (indeed) from. a.Precedent Sequence, and Series of the Seafonsof |

ee 84 | the Yeare: And therefore Hippocrates,in bis Prognofticks,doth make good
| 3 Obferuations,of the Difeafes, that enfuevponthe Watare, of the Prece-
| dent foure Seafons of the Yeare,

| Experiment Riall hach been made,with Earthen Bottles well ftopped,hanged in
eilieg tue | & aWell of Twenty Fathome deep,at the leaft}And fome of the Bet-

“rationororPre- tes haue becne let downe into the Water, fome others haue hanged a-

Jerwation of Li- | boue, within aboutafathome of the Water ; And the Liquors fo tryed

aso ae haue beene, Bere; (not New, but Ready for drinking, ) and Wine, and.)
335 Milke, The Proofe hath beene, that both the Beere, and the Wine, (as
well within PYaser, as aboue,) hauc not been palled or deaded atal';But

e as |

Century. LV.

neffe, kepcinaCeller, But thofe which did hang abouc Water, wereap-
parently che beft; And that Beere did flower a little; whereas that vnder
Water did not, though it were Frefh, The lke fowred, and began to
Putrifie. Neverchelcffe it is true, that there'is a Yillage neare Blofs,where
in Deepe Canes they doe thicken Méilke ; In fitch fort, tharit becommeth
very pleafant; Which was fome Cau/e ofthis Triall of Hanging Adlke
in the Well : But our proofé was naught: Neither deel know, whether
that Mike in thofe Cases, be firft boiled, Irwere good thereforeto try
it with Milke Sodden,and with Creame; For that Adéke of it felfe'ts fuch
a Compound Body, of Creame, Curds, and Whey, as itis eafily Turned,
and Diffoiued, Irwere good alfo to trie the Beere, when it is in Wort,
that it may be feene, whether the Hanging in the Well, will Accelerate
the Ripening and Clarifying of it.

LL TTT TTT TT

Iuers, we fee,doe Stat, The Canfe may be, (in moft,) the Refrigera-

tien of the Tongue; Wheteby itis lefle apt to moue, And therefore
we fee, that Natwralls doc generally Stats Aod we fee that in thofe that
Stut,tthey driake Wine moderately, they Stat lef{c,becaufe it heareth:
And fowe fee, that they that Stas, doe Stut more in che firft Offer to
fpeake, than in Conrinuance 3 Becaufe the Tongaeis, by Motion, fome-
what heated, In forme alfo,it may be,(though rarely,)the Drineffe of the
Tongue; which likewife maketh it leffe aptto moue,as well asCold ; For
itis an Affe that commeth to fome W4/eand Great Men; As itdid voto
Mofes, who was Lingua prapedite ; And many Statters(we finde)are very
Cholericke Men; Choler Enducing a Drineffé in the Tongue.

Mells, and otlier Odeurs, are Sweeterinthe Aire, at fome Diftance,

than neare the Nofe; As hath beene partly touched heretofore, The
Canfeis double; Fitft the finer Mixture,or Incorporation of the Smell :
For we fe¢ that in| Sounds likewife, they are Sweeteft, when we cannot
heareeuery Part by itfelfe; The other Res/omis, for that all Sweet Smells
haue ioyned with them, fome Earthy or Crude Odours ; And atfome: di-
ftance the Sweet, whichis the more Spirituall, is Perceiued; And the
Earthy reacheth norfofarre,!: : ;

(Sweet Smells are oft forcible, in Drie Subftances, when they ate Bre-

ken; Acd (a likewife in Orenges, or Limoms, the Nipping of their Rinde,
giueth out their Smell more : And generally, when Bedses are Adowed or
Stirred, thoughnor Broken,they Smell more, Asa Sweet-Bagee waued.
The Geu/e is double : The one, for thatthereis a Greater Emnifiion of the
Spiritswhen VV ay ismade: And this boldeth in the Breaking, Nipping,or
Crufbing ; It holdethalfo,(in fome Degree) in the Mouing :But in this
laft, thereisia Goncurrence ofthe Second Cauféy Which is the Jespul/i-
on ofthe Ajre, thar bringerh the Sent fafler vpon'vs,

The daintteft Smes ot Blowers, arcout of thofe Plaats, whofe Leawes
Jmellnot;\AsVialess, Rofes, Wall-flewers,Gilly-flowers,Pinckes, Woodbines,

re

Fine-

ee ee eat A I ACCC A CC CC LL LL A CL LLL

= —

as good or fomewhat better,than Bots/esof the {ame Drinkes,and Stale

101

Experiment
Solitary ton-
ching Stystimg.

336,

Experiments
in Confort,

touching Smels.
387

383

389

102 | Naturall Fiflory :

Vine-flawers, Apple-Bloomes, Lime-Tree Bloomes, Beane-Bloomes, &c, The
Cau/e is, for that where there is Heat and ftrength enough inthe Plant,
to make the Leawes Odorate, there the Smell of the Flower is rather Bua-
nide and Weaker,than that of the Leawes; As it is in Rofe-Mary-Flowers,
Lauender-Flowers,and Sweet-Briar-Refes, But where there is leffe Heat,
there the Spirit of the Plant, is difgefted and refined, and feucred ftom
the Groffer Iuyce, in the Efflore/cence, and not before,

390 Moft Odowrs {nell beft, Broken or Crufbt, ashath beenefaid; But
Flowers Preffed or Beaten, doc leefe the Frefhneffe and Sweetnefie of
theit Odour, The Cau/é is, for that when they are Crafhed, the Grofler
and more Earthy Spirit commeth out withthe Finer, and troubleth it;
pele in ftronger Odewrs there arenofuch Degrees of the Iffue of
the Smell,

ai see a is a thing of very good Vfe, to Difcouer the Geodne/ffe of Waters,
ching theGead: The 7a/fe,to thofe that Drinke Water only,doth fomewhat : But other
aelfe and Choyce | Experiments are more ture. Firft, trie Waters by Weight ; VWherein you
oe may finde fome difference,though not much: And the Lighter you may
39! | account the Better. van
392 Secondly, try them by Beyliag vpon an Equal Fire: And thatwhich
confumeth away fafteft, you may account the Beft, 4

393 Thirdly, trie them in Sewerall Bottles, or Open Veffells, Matchesin
cuery Thing elfe, and fee which of them Laff Longef,, without Stewch ot
Corruption. And that which holdeth Vnputrified longeft, you may like-

wife account the Beft. 2... ! ;
394 Fourthly, triethem by Maksng Drinkes Stronger, or Smaller, with
the fame Quantitie of Mauls; And you may conclude, that that Wa-
ter, which maketh the Stronger Drinke, is the more Conco&ed, and
Nourithing ; though perhaps it be not fo good for Medicinal vfe, And
| fuch Water (commonly ) isthe Water of Largeand Nawigable Riwers:
And likewife in Large and Cleane Ponds of Standing Water: For vpon
both them, the Sunne hath more power, than vpon Fountaines, or
Small Rivers, And I conceine that Chalke-water is next them the beft,
| for going furtheft in Drinke: For that alfo helpeth Concoction ; So itbe
| out ofa Deepe Well; For then it Cureth the Rawnefle of the Water 5
| But ‘Chalke Water, towards the Top of the Earth, is too fretting; As
| it appeareth in Laundry of Cloaths, which weare out apace, if you vie

fuch Waters.
395 |. Fifthly, The Houfwiues doe findea Difference in Haters, for the Bea-
= ring, ot Not Bearing of Soape: And itis likely that thexnore Fat Water

will beare Soape bett ; For the Hungry Water doth kill the Voatuous'Na-

ture of the Soaper, wile
396 Sixthly, you may make a ludgementof Waters, according to the
Place, whence they Spring,or Come: The Rain-Water is, by the Phy/i-
tians, efteemed the Fineft, and the beft; But yet itis faid to putrifie foo-
neft; which is likely, becaufe of the Finenefle of the Spirit: And in'Con-
eruatories

Century. LV.

feruatories of Rain-water, (fuch as they haue in Venice, &c.) cheyare
found not fo Choice Waters ; The worle, (perhaps,) becaufe*they are
Couered aloft, and kept from the Sunne, Snow-water is held.vawhol-
fome; In fe much as the People, that dwell atthe Foor of the Snow-

Mountaines, or othetwife vpon the Afcent ( (efpecially the Women) by
drinking of Snew-water, haue great Bags hanging vnder their Throats.

Well-water, except it be vpon Chalke,or a very plentitull Spring, maketh
Meat Red ; which is anil Signe. Springwon the Tops of High-Hills are
the beft; For both they feeme tohaue a Lightnefle; and Appetite of
Mounting ; And befides they are moft pure and Vamingled Ane
againe are more Percolated thorowa great Space of Earth, For W4-
ters in Vallies, ioyae in effe& vnder Ground with all Waters of the fame
Leuell; Whereas Springs, onthe Taps of Hills, pafle thorow a wee
deale ot Pure Earth, with lefflc Mixcure.of otherWaters,

Seuenchly, ludgementmay be made. of Waters; by the Soiten where-
| upon the Vater runneth; As Pebble isthe Cleancft, and bet tafted ; And
next to that Clay-water 5 And Thirdly, Water vpon.Chalke 5 Fourthly,
that vpon Sand ; And Worf of all vpon fwd. Neither may you rut
Waters that Tate Sweet; For they aré commonly found in Rifing
Grounds of great Cities; wehich, muft getds take in a great deale of

|
Filth, . (99 AVE

rN Perw, and diuers Parts of the wel ladies: though vnder the Zine»;
the Heats are not fo Intolerable, as they be in Barbary, and the Skirts
ofthe Torrid Zone. The Caufes are, Firft she Great Brizes, which the
Motion of the Aire in great Circles,(fiteh as are vnder the Girdle of the
Worla,) produceth; Which doe reftigerate; And therefore in thofe
Parts Nooncis nothing fo hot, when the Brizes are great, as about
Nine or Ten of the Clocke in the Fore-Noone. Another Cas/e is, for
that the Length of the Night, andthe Dewes thereof, doe compenfe
| the Heat ofthe Day. A third Cas/e isthe Stay of the Sunric 3 Nor in
Refpedt of Diy and Night, ( for that we {pake of before;) but in Re
fpeét of the Seafon; For vnderthe Zine, the Sunne crofleththe Lise,
and maketh two Sutsaieen, and two Winters ; But in the Skirts of the
! Torrid Zone, it doublech, and goeth backeagaine, and = pnisked one
both Summer.

He Heat of the Suane maketh dfen Blacke in fome cheese: as in
: ethiopia, and Ginny, Scc. Fire dothirnot,; as we fee in Glaffe- -Men,
| that arecontinually adout the Fire, The Reafon may be, becaufe Fire

| doth licke vp the Spirits, and Bloud of the Body, foas they Exhale ; So
| chat it euer miketh Men looke Pale, and Sallow; But the Svmne, which
isa Gentler Heat,doth but draw the Blond to che Outward Parts; And

| rather C: saeaecth i it, than Soakethir: And therefore we fee that all
| eAsthiopes are Flefhy, and Plumpe, and haue great Lips ; All which be-
| token Moifiwre retained, and not drawne our, We fee alfo, that the

| K Degroes

fi

{

bs. |

2

re |

ie ihe

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Cole-
ration of Blacke
and Tawnsy
Moores.

399

4

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Tews
perate Heat yn-
der the qui
nottiall.

398

Ra er a a eae

104.

|

|

|
|

Experiment
| Solitary tou-
| ching Motion
| after the In-
flant of Death,

400

|| therefore, when the Headis off, they moue little or Nothing. Bur Birds ,
‘| haue {mall Heads, and therefore the Spérits area little more difperfed in

—— ee

N aturall History: |
Negroes are bred in Countries that hane Plenty of Harter, by Risers or |
otherwife : For Mersé, which was the Metropolis of Lthtopis, was vpon |
a great Lake: And Congo, where thie Negroes are, is fullof Riuers. And |
the Confincs of theRiuer Niger, where the Negroes alfo'are; ave well
watered: And the Region about Capo Verde, is bkewife Moilt, info
much asitis peftilent through Moifture: Burthe Countties of the A-
byffenes, and Barbary, and Peru, where they are Tawney, and Oluifter,
and Pale, are gencrally more Sandy and Dry. As tor the -4¢hiopes, |
as they are Plumpe, and Flefhy ; So (it may be) they are Sanguine, and
tuddy Coloured, iftheir blacke Skin would fuffer it to be feene,

: ,
ly Creatures doe mouc a good while after their Head is off; As.

J Birds ; Some a very little time ; As Men,andall beafts ; Some moue, |
though cut in fenerall Peeces ; AsSnakes, Eeles, Wormes, Flies, &cc. Firlt |
thereforcit is certaine, that the Zmmediate Caufe of Death, is the Refolu- |
tion or Extinguifhment of the Spirits; And that the Deftrudtion or |
Corruption of the Organs, is but the Mediate Caufe, But fome Organs
are fo peremptorily neceffary, that the Extinguifhment of the Spirits |
doth {peedily follow ; But yet fo, as there is an Jnterim ofa Small Time.
It is reported by onc of the Ancients, of credit, that a Sacrificed Beaft
hath lowed, after the Heart hath beene feucred; And it is a Report
alfo of Credit,that the Head of a Pig hath beene opened, and the Braine
put into the Palme ofa Mans hand, trembling, without breaking any
part of it, or feucring it from the Marrow of the Back-bone; During
which time the Pég hath beene, in all appearance, ftarke dead,and with-

jout Motion; Andafter afmaltTime the Braine hath beene replaced, |

and the Skul of the Pigclofed,and the Pig hatha little after gone about.
And cerraine it is, thatan Eye vpon Rewenge hath beene thruft forth, fo
asit hanged a pretty diftance by the ¥i/wall Nerue; And during that
time the Bye hath beene without any Power of Sight; And yer after |
(being replaced) recouered Sight, Now the Spirits are chiefly in the |
Head, and Cells of the Braine, which in Men, and Beaffsare Large; And

the Sisewes, whereby Motion remaineth in them a little longer, In fo

| much as itis Exrantin Story, thatan Emperour of Rome, to thew the

Certainty of his Hand, did Shoot a great Forked Arrow at an Effrich,
as fhe ranne {wiftly vpon the Stage, and {trooke offher Head; And

| yet the continued the Race, alittle way, with the Head off, As

!

e , |
for Wormes, and Elics,and Eeles, the Spirits are diftuled
almoftallouer; And therefore they moue

in their Scuerall Peeces.

| Nev

{
-

——— ho

a

Pg Wine
g Oy eee ER ES aes A AN & a Hey ;
F§ GIASD PUP C=GVSSO Sik EOE

(A CAB) SOR ENE GIE KE BID AOE IONE IG IEOEY

NATVRALL

HISTORIE.

V. Century.

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Acceleration of
Garmapation.

| E will now enquire of Plants or Vege:
tables: And we fhall doe1t with dili-
gence. They are the principall Part
of the Third Daies Worke. They are
the firlt Producat, which is the Word
of Animation : For the other Words
are bur the Words of Effence; And
) : they areofexcellentand general! Vic,
for Food, Medicine, and a Number of Mechanicall Arts. |
There was fowne in a Bed, Turnip-Seed, Radifh-Seed, Wheat, Cucwma- 401
ber-Seed, and Peafe, The Bedwecalla Het-Bed, and the Manner of itis
this, Therewas taken Hor/e-dung, old, and wellrorted ; This, was laid
vpona Barke,halfea foot high, 8 fupported round abouriwith Planks;
And vponthe Top was caft Sifted:Earth, fome two Fingersdeep; And
then the Seed {prinkled vpon it;hauing beene fteeped all night.in Waser,
Mixed with Cow-dang. The Tursip-Seed, and the Wheat came vp halfe
an Inch aboue Ground, within 'two daies after, without any Watring.
The Reft the thirdday, The Experiment was made in Oober; And (it
may be) in the Spriag, the Accelerating would hauc beene the {peedier.
This is a Noble Expersment; For without this helpe, they would haue
K2 beene

——————

402

403

404

| beene fourc times as long in comming vp. But theredoth not occur to

Natural Hiflory:

me, at this prefent, any vfe thereof, for profit; Except it fhould be for
Sowing of Pea/e; which haue their Price very much increafed, by the
carly Comming, Ic may be tried alfo with Cherries, Straw-berries, and
other Fruit, which are deareft,when they come early, )
There was Wheat fteeped in Water mixed with Cow-dung ; Ocher in
Water mixed with Hor/e-duug; Other in Water mixed with Pigeon-dang;
Other in Vrine of Maw ; Other in Water mixed with Chalke powdred ;
Other in Water mixed with Soot; Other in Water mixed with Ales;
Other in Water mixed with Bay-Sal#; Other in Claret Wine ; Ocher in
Malmfey ; Other in Spirit of Wise. The Proportion of the Mixture was,
a fourth Part of the Ingredients to the Water; Sauce that there was not
of the Sa/s aboue an eighth Part, The Prine,and Pines,and Spirit of Wine,
were Simple without Mixture of Water. The Time of the Steeping was
twelue houres, The Time ofthe Yeere Ocfober, There was alfo other
Wheat (owne vafteeped, but watred twice a day with Warme water, There
was alfo other Wheat fowne Simple to compare it with the reft. The
Euent was; That thofe that were in the Mixture of Daag,and Prine,and
Soot, Chalke, Afhes,and Sale, came vp within fix daies: And thofe that
afterwards proued the Higheft, Thickeft, and moft Luftic, were; Firft
the Vrine ; And then the Dungs; Next the Chalke ; Next the Soot, Next
the A/bes; Nextthe Salt; Next the Wheat Simple of it felfe, vnftceped,
and vnwatered; Next the Watered twice a day with warme water ; Next
the Claret Wine, So thatthefe three laft were flower than the ordinary
Wheat of it {elfe; And this Culture did rather retard, than aduance, As
for thofe that were fteeped in Malm/ey,and Spirit of Wine,they camenot
vp atall. This isa Rich Experiment for Profit: For the moft of the Stec-
pings are Cheape Things ; And the Goodneffé of the Crop is a great
Matter of Giine;Ifthe Goodneffe of the Crop anfwer the Earlinefle of
the Comming vp: As itis like it will; Both being from the vigour of
the Seed;W hich alfo partly appeared in the Former Experiments,as hath
beene faid, This Experiment would be tried in other Graines, Seeds, and

| Kerwels : For it may be fome Steeping will agree beft with fome Seeds.
| It would be tried alfo with Rests fteeped as before, but for longer time.
| Irwould bee tried alfo in Sewerall Seafons of the Yeere, efpecially the.

Spring.
Strawberries watered now and then (as onee in three daies) with

Water, wherein hath beene fleeped Sheepes-dung, or Pigeons-dung, will
\:preuent and come early, And itis like, the fame Effe@ would fol

ow in
other Berries, Herbs, Flowers, Graines, or Trees, And therefore itisan
Experiment, though vulgar in Strawberries, yet not brought into vic
gencrally:' For it is vfuall to helpe che Ground with Mucke; And like- |
wife to Recomfort it fometimes with Mucke pur to the Roots; But to |
water it. with Mucke water, which is like to bee more Forcible, is not |
practifed,
Dung, or Chalke, ot Bloud, appliedin Subftance, ({eafonably) to the |

fe Roots

te ere

j
'
a

(Century. V. 3 | 107

—_.

Roots of Trees, doth fer them forwards, Bur to doe it vnto Herbs,
without Mixture of Water or Earth, itmay bee thefe Helpcs are rao |
Hot.
The former Meanes of Helping Germination, are cither by the Good-
| neffe and Strength of the Newrifhment; Or by tiie Comforting, and Excz-
ting the Spirits in the Plant, to draw the Nourithment better; And of
this latrer kinde, concerning the Comforting of tie Spirits of the Plant,
arealfo the experiments that follow 3 Thoughthey be nor Applicaci- |
ons tothe Roet,or Seed, The Planting of Trees warme vpona Wall, .gaintt |
the South, or South-Eaft Sanne, doth haften their Comming en, and
| Ripening; And the South-Eaft is found to be better chan the South- |
| Weft, though the South-Weft be the Hotter Coats Bur the caufe is |
chiefly, for that the Heat of the Morning fucceedeth the Cold of the | ;
Night: and partly, becaufe (many times) the South-weft Sunne is too |
Parching, So likewife the Planting of them vpon the Backe ofa Chimney, |
; wherea Fire is kepr, doth haften their Comming on, and Ripening: |
Nay more, the Drawing of the Bonghes into the Infide of a Roome, where |
a Fire is continually kept, worketh the fame Effe@; Which hath beene
tried with Grapes; In fo much as they will comea Moneth earlier, than
the Grapes abroad.
Befides the two Meanes of Accelerating Germination, formerly defcri- | 496
bed; Thatis to fay,the Mending of the Nowrifhment ; and Comforting of
the Spirit of the Plast; there isa Third; Which is the Making way for
the Eafie Comming to the Nourifhment, and Drawing it. And therefore
Gentle Digging and Loofening of the Earth about the Roots of Trees; And
the Remsowimg Herbs and Flowers into new Earth, once in two yeeres,
(which is the fame thing;For the new Earth is euerloofer) doth grearly
further the Projpering, and Earlineffe of Plants. :
Butthe moftadmirable Acceleration by Facilitating the Nourifhment,| 407
is that of Water, Fora Standard of a Damaske Rofe with the Root on,
was fet ina Chamber, where no Fire was, vpright in an Earthen Panne, |
full of Faire Water, withoutany Mixture, halfea foot vnder the Water, | v
the Stasdard being more than wo foot high aboue the Water : Within
the Space of ten daies, the Stasdard did put forth a faire Greene leafe,
and fome other little Buds, which ftood ata ftay, withoutany Shew of
decay or withering, more than feuen Daies. But afterwards that Leafe
faded, but the young Buds did {prout on ; whichafterward opened into
faire Leaues, inthe fpace of three Moneths; And.continued fo a while
after, till ypon Remouall wee left the Triall. But note that the Leawes
were fomewhat paler, and lighter-coloured, than the Leawes vie to bee
abroad, Note thar the firft Buds were in the End of October ; And itis
likely thatif ir had beene in the Spring time, it would haue put forth
with greater ftrength, and (it may bee) to haue growne on to beare
Flowers, By thisMeanes, you may haue (as it feemeth) Rofés fer in |
the middeft of a Poole, being fupported with fome flay ; Which is Mat- | |
_ 4% 4

ee ee

ter of Rarenefle and Pleafure, though of {mall Vfe, This is the more |
K 3 ftrange, |

> ——________—

= an gn

|
|

408

409

410

AI

412

Experiments

| in Contort
| touching the

| Putting backe ot

| Retardation of

\

Germination.

413

ae ras ee

Naturall Hiffory :

ftrange,for that the like Ro/é-/tandard was put,at the fame time,into H- |

| ter mixed with Horfe-dung, the Horfe-dung about the fourth Part ro |
| the Water, and in foure Moneths fpace (while it was obferued) put not |

forth any Leafe, though diuers Badsat the firft,asthe other,

A Dutch Flower,thathad a Bulbous Root,was lkewife put,at the fame
time, all vnder Water, fometwoor three Fingers dcepe; And within
feuen daies {prouted, and continued long after, furcher Growing,
There were alfo putin, a Beet-Root, a Borrage-Root, and a Raddilb- Root,
which had all their Leawes cut almoft clofe to the Roots; And within fix
weekes had faire Zeawes; And fo continued till the end of Nemember,

Note thatif Roots, or Peafe, or Flowers, may bee Accelerated in their
Comming and Ripening, there isa double Profit; The one in the high
Price that thofe Things beare when they come early : The other inthe
Swiftneffe of their Returnes : For in fome Grounds whichare ftrong,
you fhall haue a Raddifh, &c. come in a Month; That in other Grounds
willnotcome in two; And fo make double Retarnes.

Wheat alfo was put into the Water, and came not forth at all ; So as
it fecmeth there muft be fome Strength and Bulke in the Body, put into

| che fVater, as it is in Roots ; For Graines or Seeds, the Cold of the Water
| will mortifie. But cafually fome Wheat lay vnder the Pan, which was
| fomewhat moiftned by the Suing of the Pan; which in fix weekes (as
| aforefaid) looked mouldy to the Eye, but it was {prouted forth haltea
| Fingers length,

It feemeth by thefe Zs/fances of Water, that for Nourifhment, the
Water is almoft all in all,and that the Zarth doth but keepe the Plant vp-
right, and faue it ftom Ouer-heat, and Ouer-cold ; And therefore is a
Comfortable Experiment for good Drinkers. It proueth alfo that our
former Opinion; That Drinke incorporate with Fle(h, or Roots, (asin
Capon-Beere,&c.) will nourith more ¢afily, chan Meat and Drinke taken
{euerally,

The Hos fing of Plants (I conceiue) will both Accelerate Germination,
| and bring forth Flowers and Plants in the Colder Seafons: And as wee
| Houfe Hot-Country Plants, as Limons, Orenges, Myrtles, tofauc them ; So
Peet may Honfé our owne Country Plants, co forward them, and make
| chem come in the Cold Seafons; In {uch fort, that you may haue Fio-

lets, Strawberries, Peafé, all Winter : So that youfow, or remoue them
at fit times, This Expertment is to be referred vnto the Comforting of the
Spirit of the Plant, by Warmth, aswell as Homfing their Boughs, &c. So
then the Meames, to Accelerate Germination, arc in Particular eight, in
Generall three,

O make Rofes, ot other Flowers come late, it is an Experiment of
Pleafure, For the Ancients efteemed much of Re/a Sera, And in-
deed the Nowember-Rofe is the {weeteft, hauing bin leffe exhaled by the
Sunne, The Meanes are thefe. Firft, the Cutting off their Tops, imme-
diatly after they haue done Bearing ; And then they will come againe
: the

:
|
|
|

er es
ad eS

Century. V.

the fame yeare about Nowember: But they will not come iufton the
Tops, where they were cut, but out of thofe Shoots, which were, (as it
were,) Water-Boughes, The Cas/é is, for that the Sap, which otherwife
would hauefed the Top, (though after Bearing,) will, by the difcharge
ofthat, diuert vnto the Side-Sprouts ; And they will come ro beare,
but later,

The Second is the Pulling off the Buds of the Rofe, when they are New-
ly knotted, For then the Side-Branches will beare. The Cau/fe is the fame
with the former : For Cutting off the Tops, and Pulling off the Buds, worke
the fame Effect, in Retention of the Sap for atime,and Diuerfion of it
to the Sprouts, that were not fo forward,

The Third is the Casting off fome few of the Tap-boughes in the Spring.
time, but {uttering the lower Boughes to grow on. The Cau/e is, for that
the Boughes doc helpe to draw vp the Sap more ftrongly ; And we fee
that in Powling of Trees, many doe vfe to leaue a Bough or two on the
Top, to helpe to draw vp the Sap. Andiris reported alfo, that if you
graft vpon the Bongh of a Tree, and curoit fomeofthe old Boughes,
the new Cions will perish,

The Fourth is by Laying the Roots bare about Chriftmas, fome dayes.

The Can/eis plaine, for thatit doth arreft the Sappe, ftom going vp-
wards, fora time; Which Arreft is afterwards releafed by the Couce
ting of the Root againe with Earth ; And then the Sap getteth vp, but
later, ,
The Fifth is the Remoning of the Tree,fome Moneth before it Buddeth,
The Caa/é is, for that fome time will be required after the Remone, for
the Refetling, before it can draw the Iuyce: And that time being loft,
the Bloffome muft needs come forth later,

The Sixth is the Grafting of Rofes in May, which commonly Gardi-
ners doc not till J#/y; And then they beare not till the Next Yeare; But
if you graft them in Afay, they will beare the fame yeare, butlate,

The Seuenth is, the Girding of the Body of the Tree about with fome
Pack-threed ; For that alfo, in a degree, reftraineth the Sap, and ma-
keth it come vp, more late, and more Slowly.

The Eighthis, the Planting of them in a Shade, or ina Hedge; The
Cau/e is, partly the Keeping out of the Sunne, which hafteneth the Sap
torife; And partly the Robbing of them of Nourifhment, by the Stuffe
in the Hedge, Thefe Meanes may be practifed vpon other, both Trees,
and Flowers, Mutatis Mutandis,

Men hauc entertained a Conceit that fheweth prettily ; Namely,
that if you graft a Late-Comming Frait,vpon a Stocke of a Frwit-tree that
Commeth early, the Graft will beare Frust early; Asa Peach vpona Cher- |
rie; And contrariwife, if an Early-Comming-Frait vpon a Stocke of a |
Fruit-Tree that Comsmeth late,the Graft will beare Fruit late; Asa Cherry |
vypona Peach, Bur thefe are but Imaginations,and vntrue, The Cas/ is, |
for thar the Cions oucr-ruleth the Stocke quite ; And the Stocke is but |
Paffiuc only, and giucth Aliment, but no Mation to the Graft, |
We

414

420

421

110

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Melioration of
Fruits, TreeSy
and P/auts.

Azz

423

4L4

425

Naturall Hiftory:

We will {peake now, howto make Fruits, Flowers, and
Roots larger; in more plentic; and{eveeter ; than they vie
tobe; Andhowto makethe Trees themfelucs, more Tall;
more Spread ; and more Haftic and Sudden ;'than they vfe
to be. Wherein there is no doubr, but the former Experiments
of Acceleration, will {erue much to thefe purpofes. Anda-
gaine, that thele Experiments, which we tha'l now fecdowne,
doe feruc allo for Acceleration ; becaufe both Effects proceed
from the Encreafe of Vigour in the Tree; But yet to auoid
Confufion ; And becaufe fome of the Meanes are more pro-
per forthe onc Effect, and fome for the other, we will baadle
them apart.

It is an affured Experience,that an Heape of Flint, or Stone, laid about
the Bottome of 2 Wilde-Tree, (as an Oake, Elme, Ath, &c.) vpon the firk
Planting, doth make it profper double as much, as without it. The

| Cau/e is, for that it retaineti the Moifture, which falleth atany time vp-

| onthe Tree, and fuffereth it not to be exhaled bythe Sunne, Againe, it

‘keepeth the Tree warme, from Cold Blafts and Frofts, as it were in an

| Houfe, Ir may be alfo, there is fomewhat in the Keeping of it fteady at

the fick. Quare, if Laying of Straw fome Height about the Bedie ofa
Tree, will not make the Tree forwards.For though the Root giueth the
Sap, yer it is the Body thatdraweth it, Butyou muftnote, that if you

| lay Stones about the ftalke of Lettuce, or other Plants, that are more

| foft, it will ouer-moiften the R dots, fo as the Wormes will eat them,

| A Tree, at the firft Setting, fhould not be Shaken, vntill it hath ta-

| ken Root fally: And therefore fome haue put two little Forkes about

_ the Botrome of their Trees, to keepe them vpright; Butaftera yeares |

Rooting, then Shaking doth the Tree good, by Loofening of the |

| Earth, and (perhaps) by Exercifing (as it were) and Stirring the Sap of |

| the Tree.

| Generally, the Catting away of Boughes and Suckers at the Root and

| Bodie, doth make Trees grow high; And contrariwife, the Powling and

| Cutting of the Top, maketh them grow fpread, and bufhy. As wefec in |

| Pollards, &c,

| Itis reported,that to make ha/ty Growing Coppice-Woods, the way is, to
take Willow, Sallow, Poplar, Alder, of {ome feucn yeares growth; And to

| fer rhem,not vpright, but a-flope,a reafonable depth vader the Ground; | ,

| And then, in ftead of one Root, they will put forth many, and fo carry

| more Shoots vpona Stemme,

When you wou'd haue many new Roots of Frutt-trees, take a Low
Tree, and bow it, and lay all his Branches a-flat vpon the Ground, and
caft Earth vpon them; And euery Twigge will rake Root, And this isa |

| very profitable Experiment for Coftly Trees; (for the Boughes will make
Stockes }

ecweccsmeeeeomcegin, Seecteertetglingpltsaecent atime lee a TT TEED AECL LE ER

fre ene — -_ —————

—— eS ee

Stockes withour charge; } Suchasare Apricots, Peaches, Almonds, Cor-
nelians, Malberries,Figs,&c, The like is continually practifed with Vines,
Rofes, Muske-Rofes, &c.

From May to July you may take off the Barke of any Bough, being of |
the Bignefl= of three or foure Inches, and couer the bare Place, fome- |
what aboue, and below, with Loame wellrempered with Horfe-dtng, |
binding it taftdowne, Then cut offthe Bough about Alhollontide in the |
bare place, and fer it in the Ground; And it will grow tobea faire Tree
inone Yeare. The Cas/e may be, for that the Baring from the Barke>
keepeth the Sap from defcending towards Winter, and fo holderhitin.
the Bough; And it may be alfo thatthe Loame and Horfe-Dung ap- |
plied ro the bare place, doe moiften it, and cherih it,and make it more |
apt to put forth the Root, Note, that this may be a generall Meanes |

for keeping vp the Sap of Zrees in their Boughes ; Which may feruc to |
other Effects.
Ichath beene pradiifed in Trees, that fhew faire, andbearenot, to
| Bore a Hole thorow the Hears of the Tree, and thereupon it will beare.
Which may befor thatthe Tree before had too much Repletion, and
was oppreffed with his owne Sappe ; For Repletion is an Encmie to Ge~
| Meration.

It hath beene practifed in Trees, that doe not beare, to cleauetwo
orthree of the Chicfe Roots, and toput into the Cleft a fmall Pebble,
which may keepe it open, and then it will beare. The Caw/e may be, for
that aRoot of a Tree may be ( asitwere,) Hide-bound, no leffe than
the Body of the Tree; But it will not keepe open without fomewhat
put into it.

Ic is vfually practifed, to fet Tréesthat require much Susne, vpon
Walls againft the South; As Apricots, Peaches, Plums, Vines, Figsand the
like, It hatha double Commoditie ; The one, the Heat ot the Wall by
Reflexion; The other, the Taking away of the Shade; For when a Tree
groweth round, the vpper Boughes ouer-fhadow the lower ; But when
itis {pread vpon a Wail,the Suane commeth alike,vpon the ypper,and
lower Branches,

Ichath alfo beene practifed (by fome) to pull off fome Leases from
the Trees fv (bread, that the Sunne may come vpon the Bough and Frast
the better, There hath beene practifed alfo a Curicfitie, to feta Treen
vpon the Nerth- Side of a Wall, and ata little height, to draw him tho-
row the Wall, and {pread him vpon the South- Side: Conceiving that
the Roorand lower Parcof the Stocke fhould enioy the Frefhneffe of
the Shade; And the Vpper Boughes, and Fruit, the Comfort of the
Sunne, Bucit forred not; The Cag/e is, for that the Roof requireth fome
Comfort from the Sunne, though yvnder Earth,as well as the Bedy: And
the Lower Part of the Body more than the Vpper, as wee fecin Com-
paffing a Tree below with Straw, ee

The Lowneffe of the Bough, where the. Frait commeth, maketh the
Frait greater, and to ripen better; For yon fhall cuer feein Apricots, |

“Peaches, |

Century. V.
|

ee

427

428

429

430

431

432

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{12

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435

436

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439

Navurall i jor ry |

Peaches, Of Melo-Cotones, vpon a a wall, ‘the ereaten Fruits towards the |
Bottome. And in Frascethe Grapes that make the Wine, grow vpon low
Vines, bound ro {nsall Stakes, And the raifed Vines in Arbours make
but Veriuyce, Itis true, that in Jealy, and other Countries, where they
haue hotter Sunne, they raife them vpon Elmes, and Trees ; But I cone
ceiue, that if the French Manner of Planting low, were broughti in vfe
there, their Wines would be ftronger and fweeter, Butitis more charge-
able in refpect of the Props. It were good to trie whether a Tree graf-
ted fomewhat neare the Ground, and the lower boughes only main-
tained, atid the higher continually proined off, would not make a lar-
ger Fruit,

To haue Fruit inGreater Plentie, the way is, to graft, not ante vpon
young Stocks, but vpon diuers Boughes of an old Tree; for they will beare
great Numbers of Fruit; Whereas if you graft but vpon one Stocke,
the Tree can beare but few,

The Digging yearely about the Roots of Trees,which is a great means,
both to the Acceleration and Melioration ot Fraits, is practifed in nothing
but in Wines ; Which if it were transferred vnto other Trees,and Shrubs,

| (as Rofes, &¢.) I conceive would aduance them likew fe.

It hath beene knowne, that a Fruit-Tree hath beene blowne vp (al-
moft) by the Roots, and fet vp againe, andthe next yeare bare exece-
dingly.’ The Can feof this, was nothing but the Leofening of the Earth,
which comforteth any Tree: and is fit to be practifed, more than it is, in

‘\'Frwit-Trees: For Trees cannot befo fitly remoued into New Grounds,

| as Flowers and Herbs may,

Toreuiuean Old Tree, the Digging of it about the Roots, and Ap-
plying new Mould to the Roots, the way. We fee alfo that Draught-
Oxes, putinto frefh Paftute, gather new and tender Fleth ; And in all
Things, better AOutithment ‘than hath beene vied, doth helpe to re-
new ; Efpecially, if it be not onely better, but changed, and differing
om the former,

If an' Herbebe cutoff from the Roots, in the beginning of Winter,
and then the Earth be trodenand beaten downe hard, with the Foot
ind Spade,the Roots will become of very great Ma gnitude i in Summer.
The Reston i is, for that the Moifture being forbidden to come vp in the
Plant, ftayeth longer i in the Roor, and fo dilatethir, And Gardiners vic

4

“to tread downe any loofe Ground, after they haue fowne Onions, or

Turnips, &C.

If Panicum be laid below, and about the Botrome of a Reet, it will
caufé the Root to grow to an Exceffiue Bigneflc, The Cau/e 1s, for that |
being it felfe of a Spungy Subftance, it draweth the Moifture ofthe
Earth to it, and fo feedeth the Root. This i is of greateft vie for Opions,
Turnivs, Par (mips, and Carrets.

The Shifting of Grownd is a Meanes to better the Tree, and Fiuit;
But with this Caution; Thatall Things doe profper beft,when they are
aduanced tothe better: Your Nurfery of Steckes oughtto be in _ more

i th

—— ees

Century. V. Eon

—_

Barren Ground, than the Ground is wheretinto you remoue them, |
Soall Grafiers preferre their Cattell from meaner Paftures ro better, |
Wefecalfo, that Hardneffe in Youth lengthneth Life, becaufe it Iea-
ueth a Cherifhing to the better of the Bodic, in Age: Nay in Exer- |
' cifes, it is good to beginne with the hardeft, as Dancing in Thicke
| Shooes, &c. . ; | |
It hath beene obferned, that Hacking of Trees in their Barke, both |
downe-right, and acroffe, foas you make them rather in flices, chaniin
continued Hacks, doth great good to Trees; And efpecially delinereth
them from being Hide-bound, and killeth their Moffe,

440

Shade to fome Plaats conduceth to make them large, and’ profpe-
rous, more than Seane 3 As in Straw-berries, and Bayes, &c. Therefore
amonett Strawberries, fow here and there fome Borrage-Seed ; And you
fhall finde the Strawberries ynder thofe Leaues farre more large than
their Fellowes, And Bayes youmuft plant to the North; Or defend
them from the Samae by a Hedge-Row; And when you fow the Ber-
ries, weed not the Borders, for the firft halfe yeare; For the Weed giueth
them Shader,

To increafe the Crops of Plants, there would be confidered, not only |
the Jncreafing the Luff of the Earth, or of the Plant, but the fauing alfo of
that which ts {pilt.So they haue lately made a Triall,to Set Wheat;which
neuerthelefle hath beene left off, becaufe of the trouble and paines; Yet
fo much is true, tharthere is much faued by the Setting, in com parifon
of that which is Sowew; Both by keeping it from being picked vp by
Birds ; Andby Auoiding the Shallow lying of it, whereby much that
is fowen taketh no Roor,

It is prefcribed by fome of the Ancients,that you take Small Trees, vp-

, onwhich Figs or other Fruit grow,being yet vnripe,and couer the Trees
| inthe Middle of Autamne with dung, vneill the Spring ; And then take
them vpin a warme day, and replant them in good Ground; And by
that meanes,the former yeares Tree will be ripe,as by anew Birth;when
other Trees of the fame kind,doe but bloffome.Burcthis feemethtohaue| >
no great Probability,
Iris reported, that if you take Nésre, and mingle it with Water, to the 444.
thickneffe of Honey,and therewith annoint the Bad, after the Vine is cut,
) itwill {prout forth within eight dayes, The Cas/e is like to be, (if the
| Experiment be truc,) the Opening of the Bad, and of the Parts Conti-
| guous, by the Spirit of the Nétre,; For Nitre is (asit were) the Life of
| Vegetables,
Take Seed, or Kernels of Apples, Peares, Orenges, Or a Peach, ota 445
Plum-Stone, &c. And put them into a Squill; (which is like'a great
| Onion, ) and they will come vp much earlier than in the Earth it felfe,
This I conceiue to be as a Kinde of Grafting in the Root ; Foras the
Stocke of a Graft yeeldeth better prepared Nourifhmentto the Graft,
| than the Crude Earths So the Squill doth the like ro the Seed, And 1
' fuppofe the fame would be done, by Putting Kernells into a Turnip, or

the at
A S

441

442

i

443

en Ree een

PY

rr

4 4 k Naturall Hiflors bra

the like; Sauce that che Squéll.is more Vigorous,and Hot,lemay berried |

alfo, with putting Osion-Seed into av Onion-Heud, which thereby gpere

baps) will bring forth alarget,and,carlier Omsom, tov]

446 The Pricking of a Fruit.in {euerall places, when it isalinof at his Big~
nefle, and betore itripeneth, hath vecne pradtifed witli tucceffe, to tie
pen the Fruit more fuddenly. Wee fee the Example of the Biting of
Wafpes, or Wormes, vpon Fruit, whereby it (manifeftly) ripeneth the
fooner, ' ; b

447 Itisreported, that Alya Marina, (Sea-weed ) put vnder the Reotsof

Cole-worts, and (perhaps) of other Plants, wall further their Growsh,

The vertue (no doubt) hath Relation to Sa/t, which isa great Helpe

to Fertility. + NO!

448 Ic hath beene practifed, to cut off the Stalkes of Cucumbers, imme-
diately after their Bearing, clofelby the Earths. And then to caft a pret:

tic Quantitieof Earth, ypon the Plast that remaineth ; and they will

beare the next yeare Fruit, long.before the ordinary time. The Canfes

may be, forthat the Sap goeth downe the fooner, and is not {pent in

the Stalke or Leafe, which remaineth after the Fruit. Where nore;

that the Dying,in the VVinter,ofthe Roots of Plants,that are Anwuall {cc-

meth to be partly caufed by the Quer-Expence of the Sap into Sralke,

and Leaues ; which being prevented, they will {uper-annate, if they

ftand warme,

449 _ The Pulling off many of the Blofomes froma Fruit-Tree,doth make
the Frait fairer. The Can/eis manifeft; Forthat the Sap hath the leffe
to nourifh, And it is aCommon Experience, that if you doe not pull
off fome Bloffomes,the firft time a Tree bloometh, it will bloffome it felfe
to death. . ,

450 It were good totry, what would bethe Effect, if all the Ble/fomes
were pulled from a Frait-Tree; Or the Acornes and Chefaut-buds, &e.
from aWilde Tree, for two yeares together, I fippofe that the Tree will
either put forth, the third yeare, bigger, and more plentifull Frwit ; Or
elfe the fame yeares, larger Leaues,becaufe of the Sap ftored vp.

451 | It hath beene generally receiued,that a Plant watered with Warme Wa-
ter, will.come vp fooner and better, than with Cold Warer, or with

| Showerse But our Experiment of Watering Wheat with Warme Water (as

' hath beenefaid) fircceeded not; which may be, becaufe the Triall was

too lateia the Yeare, viz. in the End of Odfeber. For the Cold then

‘comming vpon the Seed,after it was made more tender by che WWarme

Water, might checke it, )

Theres no doubt, bus thatGrafting (for the moft Part ) doth mielio-
rate the Brmit. The Caw/e is manifeft; For thatthe Nourifhment is bet-
ter prepared in the Stocke, than in the Crude Earth: But yet note well,
that there befome Trees, that are {aid to come vp more happily ftom
the Kerwell, than from the Graft ; As the Peach, and Melocotone, The |

Cau/fe I fuppofeto be, for that thofe Plamts require a Nourifhment of

| grcat Moifture; And though the Nourifhment of the stacke be finer,

| and

452

er

on cll ae I te *

~ipeaenntieg 2.

Century. V.

rifhmentofthe Earth. And indeed we fee thofe Fruits are very Cold
Frwits in their Nature.

Ithath beenereceined, that a Smaller Peare, grafted vpon a Stocke
that bearetha greater Peare, willbecome Great. But I thinke itis as
true, as that of the Prime-Fruitvpon the Late Stocke; And & conuer/o,
which we reieéted before: For the Cions will gouerne. Neuertheleffe
it is probable enough, that if you can geta Cions to grow vpona Stock
of another kinde, thatismuch moifter than his owne Stacke, it may
make the Frait Greater, becaufe it will yeeld more plentifull nourifh-
ment; Thoughitis like it will make the Frat Bafer, But generally the
Grafting is vpon a dryer Stock ; As che Apple vpon a Crab ; The Peare vp-
on a Thorne; &e, Yet itis reported, that in the Low.Cowntries they will
graft an Apple-Cions vpon the Stocke of a Colewort, and it will beare a
| greatflagey «pple; The Kernell of which, ifit be fet, willbe aColewort,
| and notan Apple, It were good to try, whether an Apple-Csons will pro-
| per, ifit be grafted vpon a Sallow, or vpon a Poplar, or vpon an Alder,
ot vponan Elme, or vpon an Horfe-Plumme, which are the moifteft of
Trees. | haueheard that ithath beene tried vpon an Elme, and {uc-
ceeded.

It is manifeft by Experience,that Flowers Remoued wax greater,be-
caufe the Nourifhment is moreeafily come by, in the loofe Earth. It
may be, that Oft,Regrafting of the fame Cions, may likewife make
Fruit greater; As if you take a Crons, and graft it vpon a Stocke the firft
yeere; And then cut it off,and graft it vpon another Stecke the fecond
yeere; and fo fora third ; Or fourth yeere; And then let it reft, it will
yceld afterward, when it beareth, the greater Fruit.

Of Grafting there are raany Experiments worth the Noting, but thofe we
referue toa proper Place, .

It maketh Figs better, if a Fig-Tree, when it beginneth to put forth
Leaues, haue his Top cut off. The caufe is plaine, for that the Sap hath
the leffe to feed, and the leffe way to mount: But it may be, the Fig will
come fomewhat later,as was formerly touched. The fame may be tried
likewife in other Trees,

It is reported, that Malberries will bee fairer, and the Trees more
fruitful, if you bore the Zruncke of the Treethorow, in feuerall places,
and thruft into the Places bored, Wedges of fome Hot Trees,as Tarpen-
time, Ma/tick-Tree, Guaiacam, Iuniper, &c. The Cafe may be, for that Ad-
uentive Heat doth cheare vp the Natiu¢ Iuyce of the Tree.

Itisreported, rhat Trees will grow greater, and beare better Frit,
if you put Salt, or Lees of Wine, or Blosd to the Root, The Can/é may be
the Encreafing the Luft or Spirit of the Rost; Thefe Things being more
forcible, than ordinary Compofts.

It is reported by one of the Ancients, that Artichoakes will be leffe
prickly, and more tender, if che Seeds haue their Tops dulled,or grated

off vpon a Stone,

ee ee

z. Herbs

and better prepared, yet it isnotfo moift, and plentiful, as the Nou-

§

453

454

"ASS

456

457

458

116 N atarall History:

}

459
|

Herbs willbe tenderer, and fairer; if you take them out of Beds,
when they are newly come vp, and remoue them into Pots, with better
Earth, The Remeue from Bed to Bed was {poken of before ; But. that
was in feuerall yeeres; This is vpon thefudden, The Caw/e is the fame
with other Remones, tormerly mentioned, . .
460 Coleworts are reported by one of the Ancients, to profper exceeding-
ly, and to be better tafted, ifthey be fometimes watred with Salt-water;
And much more with Water mixed with Nétre ; The Spirit of which is
leffe Adurent than Sale,
461 It is reported that Cwewmbers will prouemore Tender, and Dainty,
if their Seeds be Steeped (a little) in 2élke ; The Cafe may be, for that the
Seed being mollified with the ase, will betoo weake to draw the grof-
fer Iuyce of the Earth, but onely the finer. The fame Experiment may
be made in Artichokes, and other Seeds, when you would take away,
either their Flafhineffe, or Bitternefle, They fpeake alfo, that the like
Effect followeth of Steeping in Water mixed with Horey; But that {ee-
meth to menot fo probable, becaufe Honey hath too quickea Spirit,
462 It is reported that Cucambers willbe lefle Watry,and more Melon-like,
if in the Pit where you ferthem, you fillit (halfe way vp) with Chaff,
or final] Sesckes, and then powre Earth vpon them ; For Cucumbers, as it
feemeth, doe extremely afte Moifture; And ower-drinke themfelues 5
Which this Chaffe,or Chips,forbiddeth. Nay, it is further reported, that
if when a Cucumber is growne, you feta Pot of water about fiue or fix
inches diftance from it, it will, in 24. houres, fhoot fo much out, as to
touch the Per; Which ifit be true,it is an Experiment of an higher Nas
ture,thar belongeth to this Té#tle: For it difcouereth Perception in Plants,
to moue towards that which fhould helpe and comfort them, though
it be ata diftance. The ancient Tradition of the Vine is far more firange:
It is, that if you fet aStake, or Prop, fome diftance from it, it will grow
that way; Which is farre ftranger (as isfaid) than the other ; For that
Water may work by a Sympathy of Attraétion : But this of the Stake fee-
meth co.be a Reafonable Difcourfe,
463 It hath beene touched before, that Zerebration of Trees doth make
them profper better, But it is found alfo, that it maketh the Fruit {wee-
ter,andberter, The Caw/e is, for that notwithftanding the T erebration,
they may receiue Aliment fufficients And yetno more than they can
well turne, anddifgeft; And wicthall doe fweat out the courfeft and vn=
profitableft Iuyce; Euen as it is in Liming Creatures,which by Moderate
Feeding, and Exercife, and Sweat, attaine the foundeft Habit of
Body,
As Terebration doth Meliorate Fruit, fo, vpon the like reafon, doth
Letting of Plants Blowd; As Pricking Vines, or other Trees, after they bee
; fome Growth 5 And thereby letting forth Gum, or Teares ; Though

464

this be nor to continue, as it is in Terebration, but at fome Seafons, And
it's reported, that by this Artifice, Bister Almonds haue beene turned
| into Sweer,

The

Dr i eee

Century. V.

The Ancients for the Dalcorating of Fruit, doe commend Swines-
Dung aboueall other Dung ; Which may be,becaufe of the Moifture of
that Beaft, whereby the Excrement hath leffe Acrimony; For we {ee
Swines aud Piggs Ficth is the Moitteft of Flethes.

Itis obferued by fome, that all Herbs wax fweeter, both in Smell
and Tufte, if after they be grownevp fome reafonable time,they be cur,

_and fo you take the latter Sprout, The Cau/e may be, for that the longer
the Inyce ftayeth in the Root, and Sralke, rhe better it concocteth, For
one of the Chicfe Ca ufes, why Grains, Seeds, and Frsits,are more Nou+

|

nifhing than Leases, is the Length of time, in which they grow to Ma-
turation, Lt were not amiffe to keepe backe the Sap of Herbs, or the like,
by fome fit meanes, till the end of Summer; whereby (it may be) they
willbe more Nourifhing,

As Grafting doth generally aduance and Meliorate Fraits, abouc that
which they would bee, ifthey were fet of Kernels, or Stones, in regard
the Nowri/bment is better concofted ; So (nodoubt) euen in Grafting,
for the fame caufe the Choife of the Stocke doth much; Alwaies pro-
uided, that itbe fomewhat inferiour to the Cions : For otherwife it dul-
leth it, They commend much the Grafting of Peares, or Apples, vpon a
Quince,

Befides the Meanes of Melioration of Fruits, before mentioned, it is
fetdowne as tryed, thata Mixture of Bran, and Swines-Dung ; Or Chaffe
and Swines-Duag ; (efpecially laid vp together for a Monethto ror,) is
avery great Nourither, and Comforter to a Fruit-Tree.

Ic is deliucred, that Opsons wax greater, if they be taken out of the
Earth, and laid a drying twenty daies, and thea fet againe; And yet
more, if the outermoft Pill be taken off all ouer,

Irisdeliuered by fome, that ifonetake the Bough of a Low Fruit-
| Tree, newly budded, and draw it gently, without hurting it, into an
| Barthes Pot perforate at the bottome tolet in the Plant, and then Co-
uer the Pot with Earth, it will yeeld'a very large Frait, within the
Ground, Which Experiment is Nothing but Potting of Plants, without

Remoning, and Leauing the Fruit in the Earth, The like, (they fay,)
will be effected, by an Empty Pot withour Earth in it, put ouer a Frat,
being propped vp with a Stake, as ithangeth vpon the Tree; And the
better, if fome few Percufions be made in the Pot, Wherein, befides
the Defending of the Fruit, from Extremity of Sunne or Weather,
fome giue a rcafon, that the Fruit, Louing and Coueting the o-
pen Aire and Sunne, is inuited by thofe Pertufions, to fpread and
approach, as neere the open Aire, as itcan; And fo enlargethin Mag-
witnde. .

All Trees in Highand Sandy Grounds, are to be {er deepe ; And in Wa-
| try Grouads,nore thallow.And in all Trees,when they be remoued(efpe-
(cially Frurt-Trees) care ougatto be taken, tharthe Sides of the Trees be
| coafted, (North and South, &c.) as they ftood before. The fame is faid
| alfoof Stose out of che Quarry, to makeit more durable; Though that

L2 feemeth

467

47t

473

475

476

Experiments
in Confort,
touching Com.
| pound Fruits
and Flowers.

a

Oe

| -Naturall Fisfiory: | }
| gg eee = ——
| feemeth to haue lefle reafon; Becaufe the Stone lyeth not fo ncere the |
| Sunne, as the Tree groweth,
Timber Trees in a Coppice Wood, doe grow better, than in an Open |
Field ; Both becaufe,they offer not to {pread fomuch,bur fhoot vp fill
in Height; And chiefly becaufe they are defended from too much Sun
and Wind, which doe checke the Growth of all Fruit; And fo (no
doubt) Fruit-Trees, or Vines, {et vpon a Wall, again{t che Sunne, be-
tweene Elbowes or Buttreffes of Stone,tipen more, thaa vpon a Plaine
Wall.

Ic is faid, tharif Potado Roots, be {erin a Por filled with Earth, and |
then the Pot with Earth be fer likewife within the Gound, fome two or

three Inches, the Roots will grow greater, than Ordinary. The Cas/es

may be,for that Having Earth enough within the Pee to nourifh them;
And then being ftopped by the Bottome of the Pot from putting
Strings downward, they muft necds grow greater in Breadth and
| Thickneffe. And it may be, thatall Seeds, or Roots, Potted, and {fo fet
into the Earth, will profper the better.
The Cutting off the Leanes of Radifh, or other Roots, in the begin-
ning of Winter, before they wither ; And Couering againe the Root,
fomething high with Earth; Willpreferue the Root all Winter, and
| make it bigger, in the Spring following, as hath beene partly touched
before. So that there is adouble Vie of this Casting off the Leawes : For
| in Plants, where the Root is the E/culent, as Radi, and Par/nips, it will
make the Root the greater: And fo it will doe to the Heads of Onions.
And where the Frust is the E/culent, by Strengthning the Root, it will
| make the Frastalfo the greater, ’
| It is an Experiment of great pleafure, to-make the ZLeawes of Shady '
| Trees, larger than ordinary. It hath beenetried (for certaine) that aCe- |
ons of alWeech.Elme, grafted vpon the Stocke of an Ordinary Elme, will
put forth Leaues, almoft as broad as tac Brimme of ones Hat, And it
is very likely, tharas in Frwit-Trees,the Graft maketh a greater Frait; So |
in Trees that beare no Frasé, it will make the greater Leanes. It would be |
tryed therefore in Zrees of thatkinde chiefly; As Birch, A/p, Willem s |
And efpecially the Shining Willow, which they call Swallow-Taile, bee
canfe of the pleafure of the Leafe,

| The Barrenneffe of Trees, by Accident, (befides the Weakueffe of the

\\Soile, Seed, ot Root; And the Jwtsry of the Weather) commeth either of

| their Ouer-growing with Mefe;Or their being Héde-bound; Or their Plam-
ting too deepe; Or by Lfwing of the Sap too much insothe Leanes. For all
thefe chere are Remedtes mentioned before.

|

Weefeethat in Lining Creatures, that haue Male and Fe-|
male,there is Copulation of feuerall Kinds; And fo Compound :
| Creatures ; As the Mule, that is generated betwixt the Horfe. |
| and the Affe,And fome other Compounds, which we call Mon- |

___ fers,

Century. Va

feers, though more rare : And itis held, that that Prouerbe.,

Africa femper aliquid Monftri parit ; commeth, for that the |
Fountaines of Waters there, being rare, diucrs forts of Beatts |
conre from {euerall Parts to drinke ; And fo being refrethed, |
fall to couple,and many times with feuerall Kinds. ! heCom- |

| pounding or Mixture of Kinds in Plants is not found out ;
Which neuerthelefle, ifit be poffible, is more at command,
than chat of wing Creatures ; For that their Luft requireth a
voluntary Motion: wherefore it were One of the moft No-
ble Experiments touching Plants, to findeit out: For fo you
may haue great Variety of New Fraits, and Flowers yet vn-
knowne. Grafting dothitnot: That mendeth the Fruit, or
doubleth the Flowers, &c. Butit hath northe Powerto make
a New Kinde. For the Cions euer ouer-rulechrhe Stocke.
Ithath beene fet downe by one of the Ancients, thar if you take two
Twigs of {euerall Fratt Trees, and flat them on the Sides, and then binde
them clofe together, and fet them in the ground, they will come yp in
one Stocke; But yet they will put forth their {eueral] Fraits,withoutany
Commixture in the Frait. Wherein note (by the way) that Fnity of Con-
tinuance, is cafier co procure, than Ypity of Species. It is reported alfo,
| chat Vines of Red and White Grapes, being fet in the Ground, and the vp-
| per Parts being flatted, and bound clofe together, will put forth Grapes
of the feuerall Colours, vpon the fame Branch; And Grape Stones of {e-
uerall Colours within the fame Grape: But the more, aftera yeere ot
two; The Vanity (as itfeemeth) growing more Perfect. And this will
| likewife he!pe, iftrom the firft Wasting, they be often Watred ; For all
' Moifture helpeth to Yaton, And itis prefcribed alfo, to bihde the Bad,
| as foone as itcommethforth, as well as the Stocke; At the leaft for a
time,

They report, thatdiuers Seeds, putinto a Clowt, and laid in Earth}.

| well dunged, will put vp PlantsContiguous ; Which (afterwards) being
| bound in, their Shoots will Iwcorporate. The like‘is faid of Kernels, put
| into a Bottle, with a Narrow Mouth, filled with Earth, ir

Iris reported, that young Trees of feuerall kinds, fet contiguous,
_ without any binding and very often Watred,in a Frwétfull Ground,with
the very Luxury of the Trees, will incorporate, and grow together.
Which feemeth to me the likelieft Meanes, that hath beene propoun-
ded; Por that the Binding doth hinder the Natural! Swelling of the
Tree ; which, while it is in Motion, doth better wmite.

| There aré many Ancient and Receiued Traditions, and.
| Obferuations,touching thes sees and, Antipathy of Plants:
by b- Uae For

1g

477

478

479

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Sympathyand
Antipathy of
Plants.

te

120

SER nL) Wee: RENAE bee BO ae
| Natural Hiflory: |

——

480

481

482

aaa gare

For that fome will thriue beft growing neere others; wich
they imputcto Sympathy» And fome worfe; which they im-.
pute to Antipathy. But thefe are Idleand Ignorant Conceits; |
And forlake thetrue Indication of the Caufes; As the moth
Part of Experiments, that concerne Sympathies and Antipa-
thies doe. For as to Plants, neither is there any fuch Secret
Friend/bip, or Hatred, as they imagine; Andif we fhould bee |
conrentto call it Sympathy, and Antipathy, ic is vtcerly mitta-
ken ; Fortheir Sympathy isan Antipathy, and their Antipathy |
is a Sympathy: Foritischus; Wherelceuer one Plant draweth
fuch a patticular Iuyce our of the Earch ; as it qualifieth the
| Earth, Soasthatluyce which remaineth is fit tor the other
| Plant, there the Neighbourhood doth good; Becaufe the
Nourifhments are contrary, or fewerall : But where two
| Plants draw (much) the fame luyce, there the Neighboar- |

‘hood kurteth ; For the one deceiueth the other.

| Firft therefore, al! Plants that doe draw much Nowrifbment from the
| Earth, and fo foake the Earth,and exhanft its hurt all Things that grow
| by them; As Great Trees, (efpecially A/bes) and {uch Trecs, as {pread
their Roots, necre the Top of the Ground, So the Colewort is not an
Enemy (though that were anciently receined) to the Hine onely ; Butit

| is an Enemy to anyother Plant; Becaufe it draweth {trongly the fatteft |

| Tuyce of the Earth, And if it be true, thatthe Vine, when it creepeth
| neere the Colewort, will turneaway; This may be, becaufe there it fine
| deth worfe Nourifhment; For though the Rest be where it was, yet (I
' doubt) the Plast willbend as icnourifheth.

Where Plants are of feuerall Natures, and draw feuerall Iuyces outof
| the Earth, there (as hath beene {aid) the One fer by the other helpeth: |
As itis fetcdowne by divers of the Ancients, that Rew doth profper |
much, and becommeth ftronger, ifitbe fet by.a Figge-Tree : which (we |

_conceiuc) is caufed, Nor byReafon of Friend/bip, but by Extraction | -

of a Contrary Iuyce: The one Drawing dJayce fic torefult Sweet, the |
other bitter. So they haue fet downe likewife, that a Rofé fer by Garlicke
_isfweeter ; Which likewife maybe, becaufe the more Fetide Iuyceof |
the Earth gocrh into the Garlick; And the more Odorate into the Refé.
| This wee fee manifeftly, that there be certaine Corme-Flowers, which
come feldome or neucr in otherplaces, vnleflethey bee fer; Butonely
amoneft Corne: As the Blew Bettle, akinde of Yellow Mary-Gold,Wilde |
|

Poppy, and Fumitory. Neither can this bee, by Reafon of the Culture

of the Ground, by Plowing, or Furrowing; As fome Herbs, and Flow- |
ers, will grow but in Ditchesnew Caft ; For ifthe Grownd lie fallow,and |
vnfowne, they will not come: So as it fhould feeme to be the Corme, |

that |

(Century. V. |

This Obferuation, if it holdeth, (as it is very probable,) is of great |
vie, for the Meliorating of Taffe in Fraits,and E(culent Herbs; Aud ot the
Sent of Flowers, For I doe not doubt, but ifthe Figge-Tree doe make the
Rew more ftrong, and bitter, (as the Ancients hauenoted,) good {tore |
of Rew planted about the Fig-Tree,will make the Fig more {weet.. Now
the Ta/les that doe moft offend in Fruits, and Herbs, and Roots,are Bitter; |
Harrifo ; Sowre, And Watri(b,or Flafby, It were good therefore to make |
the Trials following, .

Take Wormewood, or Rew, and fet it neere Lettuce, or Coleflory, or Ar- |
ticheake ; And fee whether the Lettuce, or the Coleflery, &c. become not”
the {weeter, |

Take a Seruice-Tree, or a Cornelian-Tree, or an Elder-Tree, which |
wee know haue Fruits of harfh and binding Iuyce, and ferthem neare
a Vine, or Figge-Tree, and fee whether the Grapes, or Figges, willnot be
the fweerer,

Take Cucumbers, or Pumpions, and fet them (hercand there)among ft
Muske- Melons, and {ec whether the Melons will notbe more Winy, and
better tafted. Set Cucumbers (likewifc) among {tt &adi/h, and fee whether
the Radi/h will not be made the more Biting.

Take Sorrell, and {et itamongft Rapesyand fee whether the Rafs will
not be the fweeter,

Take Common Briar, and fet it among ft Violets, or PVall-Flowers, and
fee whether it will not make the ¥solets,or Wall- Flowers {weeter,and leffe
Earthy in their Smell, So fet Lettuce, or Cucumbers, amongft Rofemary,
or Bayes, and fee whether the Refemary, or Bayes, will not be che more
Odorate, or Aromaticall. rf so

Contratiwife, you muft rake heed, how you fet Herbs together, that
draw much the like Iuyce. And therefore I thinke Rofemsary will leefe in
Sweetnefle, ifit be fet with Lawender,or Bayes, or the like, But yer,ifyou
will correét the ftrength of an Herbe,you fhall doe well ro fet other like
Herbs by him, to take him downe; As if you fhould fet Tan/ey by Ange- |
hica, it may be, the Angelica would be the weaker, and fitter for Mixture |
in Perfume. And if you fhould fet Rew by Common Wormewood, it may
be, the Wormewood would tutnc to be liker Roman Wormsewood,

This Axiomeis of large extent; And therefore would be feuered,and
refined by 7r#all. Neither muft you expe& to haue a Groffe Difference by
this kinde of Culture, but only Further Perfection,

Triall wou'd be alfomade in Herbs Poifonous, and Purgatine,whote ill
Qualitie (perhaps) may be difcharged, or arrempred, by Setting ftron-
get Poifons, or Purgatines, by them, -

It is reported)'that the’ Shrub called Our Ladies Seale, (which is a
Kinde of Brio#y/) and Coleworts, {et neere together, one or both will
die, The Cag/é is, for that they be both great Depredatours of the
Earth, and one of them ftarueth the other, The like is faid of a Reed,
and a Brake; Both which are fucculent ;. And therefore the One de-

i as. ceiveth

ma

ee

484

485

486

487
488

489

490
491

492

Li

—

eg a.

—E————

ee

{22

493

494

Natural ‘Hiflory :

| ceiueth the Ocher, And the like of Hemlocke and Rew Both which draw |
| ftrong Iuyces,

Some of the Ancients, and likewife diuers of the Moderne Writers, |
that haue laboured in Naturall Magick, haue noted a Sympathy,betweene |
the Sunne, Moone, and {ome Principall Starres ; And cercaine Herbs,and |
Plants, And fo they haue denominated fome Herbes Solar, and fome |
Lunar ; And {uch like Toyes put into great Words, Itismanifeltthat } |
there are fome Flowers, that have Repect to the Sunne, in two Kéndes ; .
The one by Opening and Shutting; And the other by Bowing and Incli- |
ning the Head. For Mary-golds, Ti ulippa’s, Pimpernell, and indeed mokt }
Flowers, doc open or fpread their Leaues abroad, when the Swane [bi- /
neth fereneand faire: And againe, (in fome part, ) clofe them,or ga- |
ther them inward, either towards Night, or when the Skic is ouercaft.
Of this there needeth no fuch Solemne Reafon to beafligned; As to
fay, that they reioyce at the Prefence of the Sunne; And mourne at
the Abfence thereof, For it is Nothing elfe, but a little Loading of the
Leaues, and Swelling them atthe Bottome, with the Moifture of rhe
Aire; whereas thedrie Aire doth extend them: And they makeita
Pcece of the wonder, that Garden Claner will hidethe Stalke, when the’
Sanne fheweth bright; Which is Nothing, buta full Expanfion of the
leaues, For the Bowing and Jnclining the Head; it is found in the great
Flower of the Sunne; in Mary-golds; Wart-wort ; Mallow Flowers; and
others. The Caw/e is fomewhat more Obfcure than theformer; Burl
take itto be no other, bur that the Part againft which the Suspe bea-
teth, waxeth more faintand flaccide in the Stalke ; And thereby leffe
able to fupport the Flower. Seley .

What a little afoifure will doe in Vegetables, euen though they be
dead, ‘and feuered from the Earth, appeareth well in the Experimentot
Inglers, | They take.the Beard of an Oate; which (if you marke it well,)
is wreathed at the Botrome, and one {moothentire Straw at the Top.
They take only the Part thatis Wreathed,and cut off the other,leauing
the Beard halfe the Breadth ofa finger in length. Then they make alit-
tle Croffé of a Quill, long-wayes of that Pare of the Quill, whichhath
the Pith, And Croffe-wayes of that peece of the Qwill without Pith; The

whole Crofe being the Breadth of a Finger high. Then they pricke the |
Bortome where the Pith is, and thereinto they put the Oaten-beard, lea- }
uing halfe of ie fticking forth of the Quill: Then they take a little white
| Box of wood, to deceine Men,as if fomewhavin the Box did worke the
| Feat: In which, witha Pinne, they make allittle Hole, enough to take
the Beard, but nocto ler the Crofé finke downe, butto fticke, Then like-
wife by way of Impofture,they makea Queftion; As, Who is the Fai-
reft Woman ini the Company? Or, Who hatha Gloue, or Card 2 And
caufe anotherto name diuers Perfons: And ypon ecuery Naming, they
fticke the Croffé inthe Box, hauing firft puvit towards their Mouth,.as
if they charmed it yAnd the Crofe ftirreth nor; But when they come to |
the Perfon that they would take; As they hold theCrofe to their mouth, |
; they |

—— nee

eta

(enturz. V. [oat
pe \ eset
they touch the Beard with the Tip of their Tongue, and wet its And fo
fticke the Croffein the Box; And then you thall {ee it turne fincly and |
foftly, three orfoure Turnes ; Which is caufed by the vntwining of the |
Beard by the Moifture, You may fee it more euidently, ifyou Rick the |
Croffe betweenc your fingers, in Stead of the Box; And therefore you |
may fee, that this Motion, which is effected by (0 little Wer, is tronger
‘| than the Clofing or Bending of the Head of a Marigold,
Itis reported by fome,that the Herbe called Rofa-Selis,(whereof they 495
| make Strong Waters,) will at the Noone-day, when the Sanae fhineth |
hot and bright, haue a great Dew vpon it.And therefore,that the right
| Name is Ros Solis: which they impute toa Delightand Sympathy, that
| ithath with the Sunne. Men fauour Wonders, It were good firit tobe
| fure, that the Dew thatis found vpon it, be nor the Dew of the Mor- |
| ning Preferued, when the Dew of other Herbs is breathed away ; for it |
hath a fmoeth and thicke Leafe, that doth nor difcharge the Dew fo
foone,as other Herbes that are more Spungie and Porous. And it may
‘be Pur/lane, or fome other Herbe, doth the like, and is nor marked.But
Lif ic be fo, that ir hath more Dew at Noone, than in the Morning, then
_}fure it feemeth to be an Exudation of the Her¢e it felfe. As Plums {wear
| when they arefetinto the Ouen : for youwillnot (I hope) thinke, that
| itis like Gedeons Fleece of Wool, that the Dew fhould fall vpon that, and
no where elfe.
Tris certaine, thatthe Homey-dewes are found more vpon Oskesdeanes, 496
than vpon AG, or Beech, or the like: But whether any Cé#/é be, from
the Zeafe it felfe, to conco& the Dew ; Or whether itbe only, thatthe
Lesfe is Clofe and Smooth; (And therefore drinketh not in the Dew,
but preferucthit;) may be doubted. It would bewell inquired, whe-
ther Manna the Drug, doth fall but vpon certaine Herbes or Leawes on-
ly. Flowers that haue deepe Sockets,doe gather in the Bottome,a kinde
of Honey; As Honey-Suckles ; (both the Woodbine, and the Trifoile; ) Lil-
lies ; and the like. And in them certainly the Flower beareth part with
the Dew.
The Experienceis, that the Froth,which they call Wasdfeare; (being | 4.97
like a kinde of Spittle,) is found but vpon certaine Herbs,and thofe Hot
Ones ; As Lawender, Lanender-cotton, Sage, Hiffope,&c. Of theCau/fe of
this enquire further; For it feemetha Secret. There falleth alfo Mildew
vpon Corne,and fmutterh it; But it may be,thatthe {ame falleth alfo vp-
onother Herbs, and is not obferued. ani |
It were good, Triadl were made, whether the great Confent be-| 498
tweene Plants and Water, which is a principall Nourifhmentof them,
will make an Attraction or Diftance, and not at Touch only. Therefore
take aVefféll, and in the middle of it makeafalfe Bottome of courfe
Canuaffe : Fill ir with Earth aboue the Canuaffe, and letnot the Earth
bewatred; Then fowfome good Seeds in thar Earth; But vnder the
Canuafic, fome halfe a foorin the Botromeof the Veflell, lay a great |

Spange, thorowly wet in water ; And let it lye fofome ten Dayes; And
{ee

—$—

124. | N aturall History:
fee whether the Seeds will {prout, and the Barth become more Mouit,
and the Spwnage more drie, The Experiment formerly mentioned of the |
Cacwmber , creeping to the Pot of Water, is tarre ftranger than this,

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Making Herbs
and Fraits Me-
disinable

499

He Altering of the Sent,Colour,ot Tafte of Fruit,by Infufing, Mixing,
or Letting into the Barke, or Root of the Tree, Herbe, or Flower, any
Coloured, Aromaticall, or Medicinall Sub{tance; are but fancies. The Caufe |
is,for that thofe Things haue paffled their Period,and nourifh not. And ;
all Alteration of Vegetables, in thofe Qualities, muft be by fomewhat, |
that is apt to goe into the Nourifhment of the Plant. But this is true ;
that where Kine feed vpon Wilde Garlicke, their Adilke tafteth plainly of
the Garlicke : And the Fleth of Mattons is better tafted where the Sheepe
feed vpon Wélde Thyme, and other wholefome-Herbs. Galen alfo {peaketh
of the Curing of the Scirrus of the Liner, by Milke of a Cow, that fec-
deth but vpon certaine Herbs; And Honey in Spaine {melleth (apparent-
ly) of the Rofemary, or Orenge, from whence the Bee gathereth it: And
there isan old Tradition of a Mayden that was fed with Napellus;(which
is counted the Strongeft Poyfon ofall Vegetables ; ) which with vie did
not hurt the Masd, but poifoned fome that had Carnall Company with
her. So it is obferued by fome, that there is a vertuous Bexear, and an~
other without vertue ; which appeare'to the fhew alike; But the Vertu-
ous is taken ftom the Beaft, that feedeth vpon the Mountaines, where
there are Theriacall Herbs; And that without Vertue, from thofe that
feed in the Valleyes, where no fuch Hérbesare. Thus farreI am of Opi-
nion ; That as Steeped Wines and Beeres,are very A¢edicinall; and like-
wife Bread tempered with diuers Powders; So of Meat alfo (as Flefh,
Fifh, Milke, and Egges,) that they may be made of great vie for AMeds- |
cine, and Diet, if the Beafts, Fowle, or Fifb, be fed witha {peciall kinde of |
food fit for the Difeafe, It were a dangerous Thing alfo for fecret Em-
poyfoaments. Butwhether it may be applyed vnto Plants, and Berbs, I
doubt more; Becaufe the Nourifhment of them is a more common
Iuyce ; which is hardly capable of any fpeciall Qualitic, vntill the Plame
doc affimilate it.
500 But Icft our Incredulity may preiudice any profitable Operations in
this kind, (efpecially fince Many of the Ancients haue fer them down,)
Wethinke good briefly to propound the foure Meanes,which they hauc
deuifed of Making Plamts Medicinable. The Firft is by Siisting of the
| Root, and Infufiag intoit the Medicine; As Hellebore, Opinm, Scammony,
Triacle, &c, And then binding it vp againe. This feemeth to me the leaft
probable; Becaufe the Root draweth immediately from the Earth; And
fo the Nourifhment is the more Common, and leffe Qualified: And
befides itis a long time in Going vp, ere it come to the Fruit, The Se-
cond way is, to Perforate the Body ef the Tree, and there to Jnfufe the
Medicines Which is fomewhat better: For if any Vertue be receiued
from the Medicine, it hath the leffe way, and the leffe rime, to goe vp,
The Third is, thesseeping of the Seed or Kernell in fome Liquor, where-
in

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Century. V. 125

in the Medicine is Infufed: which haue little Opinion of, becaufe the
Seed (Idoubr,) will not draw the Parts of the A¢atter, which haue the
Propriety : But itwillbee farre the more likely, if you mingle the Ae-
dicine with Duag ; For thatthe Seednaturally drawing the Mocfure of
the Dawe, may call in withallfome of the Propriety. The fourth is, the
Watring of the Plant oft, with anJnfufion of the Medicine, This, in one
re{pect, may haue more force than the reft; Becaufe the CHedicatson is
oft renewed ; Whereas the reft are applyed but at one time: And
therefore the Vertue may the fooner vanifh, But ftill F-doubr, that
the Root is fomewhat too ftubborne to receiue thofe fine Jespreffions 5
And befides, (as I faid before, ) they have a great Hill to goevp, I
iudge therefore the likelicft way to be the Perforation of the Bodie
of the Tree, in fewerall Places, one abone the other ; And the Fis.
ling of the Holes with Dung mingled with the Medicine.
And the Watring of thofe Lwmpes of Dang, with
Squirts of an Jnfufion of the Medicine in
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NATVRALL

AS TO REE:

VI. Century.

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SLD {55}
ace Rey)

V R Experiments wetake care to be (as
we hauc often faid) cither Experimen-
ta Fruétifera, or Lucifera; Eicher of
V fe,or of Difcouery:For wehate Impo-
ftures ; Aud defpife Curiofities. Yet be-
caufe we muft apply our Selues fome-
what to Others, we will fer downe
fome (wriofities touching Plants.

| Itis a Curiofity, to haue fewerall Fruits vpon ome Tree; And the more,
when fome of them come Early, and fome come Late; So that you
| may hauevponthe fame Tree, Ripe Frusts all Sommer, This is eafily
| done, by Grafting of feuerall Cons,vpon {cuerall Boughes, of a Stock,
_ in agood Ground, plentifully fed. So you may haueall Kindes of Cher-
| ries, and all kindes of Plums, and Peaches, and Apricots, vpon one Tree ;
But Iconceiuc the Diserfity of Frwits muft be fuch, as will graft vpon
| the fame Stocke. And therefore I doubr, whether you can haue Ap.
: ples, or Peares, or Orenges, vpon the fame Stocke, vpon which you graft

Plamme:.

| Iisa Curiofity to haue Fruits of Diwers Shapes, and Figures, This is
| eafily performed by Moulding them, when the Frit is young, with
| Moulds of Earth,or Wood,So you may haue Cwcwmbers, &c.as Long
M as

Experiments
in Confort
touching Cyyi-
oftties abowt
Fruits and
Plants.

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593

504

506

128 |
|asa Cane; Oras Roundas a Spheare; Orformed tikea Crofle, You

LX aturall Eislory:

may haucealfo Apples, in the forme of Peares, or Limons. Y oumay haue
| alfo Fruit in more Accurate Figures ; As we faid of Men, Bea/ts,or Birds,
jaccording as you make the Moulds, Wherein you mutt vndeiftand,
that you make the Mould big enough, to containe the whole Fruit,
when it is grownc to the greateft: For elfe you will choake the Sprea-
ding of the Frat; Which otherwife would fpread itfelte, and fill the
Concaue, and fo bee turned into the Shape defired; As itis in Mould-
workes of Liquid Things, Some doubt may bee conceiued, that the
Keeping of the Sunne from the Fruit, may hurt it: But there is ordina-
ry experience ef Fraét that groweth Couered. Qwere alfo, whether
fome {mall Holes, may not be made in the Wood, to Jet in the Sunne.
And note, that it were beft to make the Moulds partible, glued, or ce-
mented together, that you may open them, when you take our the
Fruit.

It is a Curiofity, to haue Jn/criptions, or Engranings, in Frait, ot Trees,
This is cafily performed ,by Writing witha Needle,or Bodkin, ot Knife,
or the like, when the F/wét, or Trees ate young ; For as they grow,fo the
Letters will grow more large, and Graphicall.

Teneri(g, meos incidere Amores
Arboribus, crefcent ila, cre/cetis Amores.

You may haue Trees appareled with Flowers, or Herbs, by Boring
Holes in the Bodies of them, and Putting into them Earth holpes with
Mucke, and Setting Seeds, or Slips, of Violets, Strawberries, Wilde-Thyme,

| Camomill,and fuch like in the Earth, Wherein they doe but grow, inthe

Tree, as they doe in Pats; Though (perhaps) with fome Feeding from
the Trees. It would be tri¢d alfo with Shoots of Fines, and Roots of Red-
Rofes 5 For it may be, they being of a more Ligneous Nature, will in-
corporate with the Tree it felfe.

It is an ordinary Curiofity, to Forme Trees and Shrubs, (as Rofemary,
Ianiper, and the like,) into Susdry Shapes ; which is done by Moul-
ding them within, and Cutting them without, But they are but lame
Things, being toofmall to keepe Figure: Great Caffles made of Trees

_ypon Frames of Timber, with Turrets, and Arches, were matters of
| Magnificenee,

Amongft Curiofisies,I {hall place Colouration, though it be fomewhat
better: For Beawty in Blowers is their Preheminence. It is obferued by
fome,that Gilly.flowers, Sweet-Williams, Violets, that ave Colomred, if they
be neglected, and neither Watred,nor New Moulded, nor Tranfplan-
red, will curne Whste, And it is probable, that che White with much cul-
ture, may turne Colewred. For this is certaine, ehat the White Colour
comineth of Scarcity of Noarifament; Except in Flowers that are
oncly White, and admit no other Colours,

Ic is good therefore, to fee what Natures doc accompany what Ce-
lours ; For by that you (hall have Light, how to induce Colours,by Pro-
ducing thofe Natures, Whites arc more Inodorate, (for the molt pare)

than

—

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= $$$ — = ——— —

ny Century, Vi. Q |

than Flowers of the fame kinde Coloured; As is found in Single Witter |
Violets, Woite-Rofes, White Gtlly-Flowers, White Stock-Gslly Flowers, Sc. |
We finde allo, thar Blafomes of Trees, that are White, are commonly
Inodorate; As Cherries, Peares, Plummes ; VVhereas thofe of Apples, |

Crabs, Almonds, and Peaches, are Bluthy, and Smell fweer, The Caw/e |
is, for that the Subftance that maketh the Flower, is of the thinnedt |

and fineft of the Plant; Which alfu maketh Flewers to be of fo dain- |

ty Colowrs, And it it bee too Sparing, and Thinne, it attaineth no
Scrength of Odour; Exceptit be in fuch Plants, as are very Succulent;
Whereby they need rather to be fcanted in ther Nourithment, than
replenithed, ro haue them fweet. As.wefee in White Satyrion, which is
of a Dainty Smell; And in Beane-Flowers, &c. And againe, if the
Plant bee of Nature, to put forth White Flowers onely, and thofe nor
thinne, or dry, they are commenly of rancke and fulfome Smell; As
May-EFlowers, and White Lilies, !
Contrariwife, in Berries, the White iseommonly more Delicate, and
Sweet in Tafte, than tne Coloured; As wefecin Poite Grapes; In White
Rapes ; ln White Strawberries 5 In White Currans, &c. The Canfe is, for
that the Coloured are moreiuyced, and courfer iuyced ; And therefore
not fo well and equally Conco&ed; Bur the Whiteare better proporti-
oned, to the Difgeftion of the Plane. |
But in Fraits, the White commonly is meanersAs in Peare-Plams,
Damafins, Sec. And the Choiceft Plammes arc Blacke; The aulberry,
(which though they call it a Berry, isa Frast,) is becter the Blacke, than
the White. The Haruc/t White. Plamyse, is a bafe Plamsme; And the Yer-
doceio and White Date. Plamme, areno very good Plammes, The Cane
is, for that they. are all Quer-watrys; Whereas an higher Concoétion
is required for Sweetnefle, or Pleafure of Tafte; And therefore all
your dainty Plassmes, ate alittledry, and come from the Stone; As
the Mu/cle-Plurmme, the Damafin-P lame, the Peach, the Apricot, &c.
Yer fome Fruits, which grow not to bee Blacke, are of the Nature of
Berries, {wectett {uch as are Paler; As the Cewr-Cherry, which incli-
neth more to White, is fweerer thanthe Red; But the Egriot is more
fowre,
Take Gily.Flower Seed, of one kinde of Gilly-Rlower: (As of the
Cloue-Gilly-Flewer, which is the moft Common; ) And fow it; And
| there will came vp Gilly: Flowers, fome of one Colour, and fome of an-
! other, cafually, as the S¢ed mecteth with Nourifhment in the Earth ;
| So that the Gardiners findey thatthey may haue two. or three Roots a-
mongtan hundred, thagare rare, and of greatPrice: As Purple, Car-
pation of fguorall Stripes; The Cas/eis (no doubt) chatin Barth, though
it be coptiguoys,and in one Bed, there arevery feuerall Jwyces ; And as
the Seed doth cafually meet with them) fo itcommeth forth, And itis
| noted efpecially, that thofe whieh doe comevp Psrple, doe’ alwaies
come vp Single; The Jaycee, as it feemeth, nov being able to fuffice a
| Swcculent Colour, anda Double Leafe. This Experiment of feuerall Co-

ane

| M2 lours,

509

130

—_——_——-— +

g1l

512

513

Natural History:

| ours, comming vp from one Seed, would betried alfo in Larkes-Foor, |
| Monkes-Hood, Poppy, and Holyoke. oebey ape
Few Fruits are coloured Red within ;'The Oxcene- Apple is; And
another Apple, called the Rofe~Apple , Malbérries likewwife ; and Grapes,
though moft toward the Skinnie, There is a Peach alfo, thar hatha
Circle of Red towards the Stone: And the Egriot-Cherry is fomewhat
Red within; But no Peare, nor Warden, nor’ Plursme, not Apricot, al-
though they haue (many times) Red fides, ate Coloured Red within,
The Caw/e may be enquired.
The Generall Colour of Plants is Greewe s which is a Colour that no
Flower is of. There isa Greeni{b Prime-Rofe, but it is Pale and fearcea
Greene ; The Leanes of fome Trees turnea little Marry, or Reddifhb; And
they becommonly Young Leawes that doe fo; As it is in Oakes, and Vines, |
and Hafle, Leaues rot irto a Yellow’; And forme Hollies hau part of their
Leaues Yellow, that are, (to all feeming,) a¢'Frefth and Shining, as the
Greene, | fuppofe alfo,that Yeow is a lefle Succulent Colowr,than Greens
And a degree neerer White. Forithath beene noted, that thofe Telow
Leaues of Helly ftand cuer towards the Werth, or North-Eaff. Some
Roots are Yellow, asCarrets; And fome Plants Blowd-Red, Stalke and |
Leafe,andall; as Amaranthus. Some Herbs incline to'Purple, and Red;
As a Kinde of Sage doth, anda Kinde of Mint, and Rofa Solis, Sc. And
fome have White Leanes, as another Kinde of Sage, and another Kinde
of Mints But Azure, arid a Faire Parple, are neuer found in Leawes, This
fheweth; that Flowers ave made ofa Refined Inyce, of the Earth; And
fo are Fruits: Buc Leades ofa more'Courfe,.and Common, ' harks
It isa Cariofity alfo'tomake Flowers Dowble; VWhich is effected by |.
Often Reméuing them into New Earth; As onthe contrary Part, Doa+
ble Blowers, by negieGing, and Aor Remouing, proue Single, And the
Way todoe it fpeedily, is to fow or fer Seeds, or Sips of Flowers; And
as foon¢as.they.come'vp, to renioue them inte New Ground, that
is good, Enquire alfo, whether Inocwlating of Flowers, (as Stock-Gilly-
| Blowers, Rofes; Musk=Refes; &c,ydoth not make them Donble. There is
| a Cherry-Tree,that hata Double Bloffomes;But that Tree bearethno Frait;
| And, it may be, that the fame Meanes, which applied to the Tree, doth
| extremely accelerate thé Sap to rife, and breake forth; Would make
| the Tree {pend it elf in Flowers, and thofe to become Donble; Which
| werea great pleafuretovfee ; Efpecially in Apple-Trees, Peach-Trees, and
| AlmondsTrees, thathaue Blo//omes Bla(b-colowred,
Thewaking of Fruits, without Core or Stone, is likewife a Curiofity;
And famewbat better» Becaufe whatfoeuer maketh them fo, is like to
'|makethehumtore Tenderand Delicate, Ifa Cions or Shoot, fic to be fet
in theGronnd, hauethe Pith finely taken forth, (and not altogether,
| but fonde of itdeftsthe better to faue the life;) itwill beare a Frit with
little, orno.Core; or Stone, And the like is faid to bee, of diuiding a
Quick-Treedowne tothe Ground, and Taking out the Pith, and then
binding itvp againes9 \ws ‘ ae)

Ic |

a

(Century, VI. 131

It is reported alfo, that a Citron gtafted vpoma Quince,will haue finall 5 ty
or no Seeds ; And it isvery probable, that any Sowre Fruét, gratted vp-
on a Stock,that beareth a Sweeter Frait, may bath make the Fruit fwee-

ter,and more veid of the harfh matter of Kernels or Seeds. yrs |

Itis reported, that not onely the Taking owt of the Pith, bucthe Stap- | 516
ping of the Juyce of the Pith, from Rifing in the Middeit, and Turning it,
torife on the Outfide, will make the Fruit without Core,’ or Stone; As
if you fhould borea Tree cleane thorow,and puta wedge in, Icis true,
there is fome Affinity betweene the Pith and the Kernel, becaufe they |
are both ofa harfh Subftance, and both placed in the Middeft. |

Itis reported, that Trees watred perpetually with Warme Later, will | 517

make a Frazt, with little or no Core,or Stone. And the Rule is generall,
that whatfoeuer will make a Wild-Tree.a Gardes-Zree, will make a Gar- |
den-Tree to hauc lefic Core, or Stone; L

be bafer in the fame Kinde ; And fometimes fo farre, as te change ravcitig fe

into another Kinde. 1, The Standing Jong, and not being Remoned,ma- | Degererating
keth them degenerate, 2. Drewghty wnleffe the Earth of it felfe be moift, |r 4mss And
doth the like. 3. So doth Remoning into worfe Earth, or Forbearing to \ tation paren
Compeft the Earth; As we fee that. Water-Mint turneth into Field-Mins ; \one into ano-
And the Colewart into Rape by Negle@) &c. vag
Whatfoeuer Fruit vfeth co be fer vpona Rost, ora Slip, ifit be fowne, 518
will degemerate. Grapes fowne; Figs, Almonds, P emgranate Kernelsfowne;| 519
make the Frasts degenerate, and become Wilde, And againe, Moft of
thofe Frwits that vic to be grafted, ifthey be fet of Kernels, or Stones, de-
generate. It is true, that Peaches (as hathbeene touched before) doe bet-
tervpon Stones Set, than vpon Grafting: And the Rule of Exception
fhould fceme tobe this; That whatloeucr Plage requireth much Moie
fture, profpereth better vpon the Stone, or Kernel, than vpon the Graft.
For the Stocke, though it giuetha finer Nourifhment, yet it giueth a
feanter, than the Earthat large, 86 5970. 30
Seeds, if they be very Old,and yet haueftrengthenough to bring forth 520
a Plant, make the Plant degenerate, And therefore skilfull.Gardiners
make triail of che Seeds, before they buy them, whether they be good or
no, by Putting them into Water gently Boiled ; Aad if they be good,
they will {prone withia Halfe an Houre.
_ (Ttisftrange which is reported, that Ba/il too much expofed to the 52
Sanne, doth turne into Wilde Tayo? Although thofe two Herbs feeme
to haue fmal} Affinity ; but Ba/il is almofi the only Hot Herbe,that hath
Farand Succulent Leaues; Which Oylineffe,ifir bedrawne forth by the
Sunne, it is like it will makea very great Change,” ime
There is anold Tradition, that Bodghss of Oake, put into the Earth, 522
will put forth Wilde Yimes: VWhich ifit be true (nedoubr) ‘it is nocthe
Oske tiuat curneth into a Fine, but the Oake-BoughPutrifying, qualifieth
the Earth, to put forth a Vine of it felfe.
M 2 Ic

f I * He Ruleis certaine, that Plantsfor wantof Culture, degenerate to | Experiments

XN aturall History:

Ic isnot impoffible, and I hauc heard it verified, that vpon Cutting |
downe of an Old Témber-Tree, the Stab hath put out fometimes a Tree of
another Kinde; Asthat Beech hath put fort Birch; Which, if it bee
true, the Cafe may be, for chat the old Stub is too feant of Iuyce,to put
forth theformer Tree; And therefore putteth forth a Tree of a finaller
kinde, that needeth leffe Nourifhment.

There is an Opinion in the Countrey, that ifthe fame Ground be oft

owne, with the Graine that grew vpon zt, it willin theend, grow to be
ofa bafer kinde.

It is certaine, that in very Sterile Yeeres, Corne fawne will grow toan
Other Kinde,

Grandia [ape quibus mandawimus Hordes Sulcis,

Infalix Lolinm, ¢y fleriles dominantur Anene,
And generally itis a Rule,that P/ants,that are brought forth by Caltare,
as Corne, will fooner change into other Species, than thofe thaccome of
themfelues: For that Caltwre giueth butan Aduentitious Nature,which
is morc ¢afily put off.

This worke of the Tran/mutation of Plants, onc into ano-
ther, is inter Magnalia Nature : For the Lran/mutation of Spe-
cies is, in the vulgar Philofophy, pronounced Impoffible:
And certainly, itis a thing of difficultie, and requireth deepe
Search into Nature: Bucdeeing there appeare fome manifeft

| Inftances of it, the Opinion of Impoffibility is to bereieted;
And theMeanes thereof to bee found’out. Wee fee, that in
Liwing Creatures, that.come,of Pwirefaction, there is much
Tran{mutation, of one intoanother ; As Caterpillars turne in-
to Flies, &c. Andit fhould feeme probable, that whatfocuer
Creature, hauing life, is generated without Seed, that Creature
will change out of one Species into. another. For it is the
Seed, andthe Nature of it, which locketh and boundeth in
the Creature, that it'doth net expatiate. Soas we may well
conclude, that feeing the Earth, of it felfe, doth put forth
Plants, without Seed, therefore Plants may well haue a Tran/-
migration of Species, Wherefore wanting Inftances, which
doe occurre, wee fhall giue Directions of the moft likely
Trials ; And generally, we would not haue thofe, that read
this our Worke of SyluaSy/uarwm,account it ftrange,or thinke
that it is an Quer-Hafte, that wee haue fet downe Particulars
vatried; For contrariwife, in our owne Eftimation, we ac-
count fuch Particulars, more worthy, than thofe chat are al-
ready

132

oe

5*3

524

5%

Century. VI. 133

ready tried and knowne. For thefe Later muft be taken as
you findethem ; But the Orher doe leuell Point blanke at the
Inuenting of Caufes, and Axiomes.

Firft therefore you muft make account, that if you will haue one 526
Plant change into another, you muft haue the Nowrs/bment ovier-rule the
| Seed; And therefore you are to practife it by Nowrifbments as contrary,
as may be, to the Nacare of the Aerbe;So nevertheleffe as the Herbe may
grow; And likewife with Seeds thatare of the Weakeft Sort, and haue
leaft Vigour. You thall doe well therefore, totake Marfb-Herbs, and
Plantthem vpon Tops of Hills,and Champaignes; And fuch Plantsas
| require much Moifture, vpon Sandy and very dry Grounds, As for Ex-
| ample, Mar/b-Mallowes, and Sedge, vpon Hills; Cucumber and Lettuce-
Seeds, and Coleworts, vpon a Sandy Plot : So contrariwife plant Bafbes, |.
| Heath, Ling, and Brakes, yvpon a Wet or Marfb Groand, This I conceiue
; alfo, that all E/calent and Garden-Herbs, fet vpon the Tops of Hills, will
prouc more Medicinall,though leffe E/culest,than they were before.And
it may be likewife, fome Wilde-Herbs you may make Salet-Herbs, This
is the firft Rule for Tram/mutation of Plants.
The fecond Rule fhall be to bury fome few Séeds, of the Herbe you §27
would change, amongft other Seeds; And then you fhall fee, whether
the Juyce of thofe other Seeds, doc not fo qualifie the Earth, as it will
alter the Seed, whereupon you worke, As for Example; Put Parfly-Seed
amongft Omion-Seed;, Or Lettuce-Seed amoneft Parfly-Seed;, Or Bajill-
Sted amongtt Thyme-Seed; And fee the Change of Tafte, or other wife. |
But you fhall doe well, to put the Seed you would change, into a little
lignen Cloth, thatit mingle not with the forraine Seed.
‘Thethird Rule fhallbe, the Making of fome Medley or Mixture off = 52.8
Earth, with fome other Plants bruifed, or Shaven, cither in Leafe or
Root: As for Example, make Earth with a Mixture of Colewort-Leawes,
ftamped, and fet in it Artichoakes, or Par/wips ; So take Earth made with
Maioram, ot Origanans, ot Wilde-Thyme, bruifed, or ftamped, and fet in
it Fennell-Seed, &c. In which Operation, the Proceffe of Nawre fti
willbe, (as I conceiue) not thatthe Herbe you worke vpon, thoul«
draw the Iuyce of the Forraine Herbe; ( For that Opinion we haue for-
merly reiected; ) But that there willbe a New Confection of Mould,
which perhaps willalrer the Seed, and yet not to the kinde of the for-
mer Herbe., ;
The fourth Rule fhall be, to marke what Herbs, fome Earths doe put 529
forth of themfelues; And totake that Earth; and to Pot it, or to Vefell
it; Aad in that to fet the Seed you would change: As for example ,take
from vnder Walls, or the like, where Wetéles put forth in abundance,
the Earth which you fhall there finde, without any String, ot Root of
the Nettles; And Pot that Earth, and fer in it Stock-gilly-flowers, or
| Wall-Flowers, &c. Orfow in the Seeds of them; And fee what the
Euent will be: Or take Zarth,that you haue prepared to put forth Atu/b- |
yomes, \

A TT

55%

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Proceritie, and
Lowneffe, and
Artificial dypar-
fig of Trees.

53%
$33

534

$35

536

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the

Naturall Hiflory: |

romes, of it{elfe, (whereof you fhall finde fome lances followings) |

And fow in it Purflane-Seed, or Lettuce-Seed; For in thefe Experiments, |

it is likely enough, that the earth being accuftomed to {end forth one
Kinde of Nourifhment, will alrer the new Seed,

The fifth Rule fhall be, to make the Herbe grow contrary to his Natare ;
As to make Ground-Herbs rife in Heighth: As for example; Carry Camo-
mill, or Wilde-Thyme, or the Greene Strawberry, vpon Stickes,as you doe
Hops vpon Poles; and fee what the Event will be.

The fixth Rule fhall be, to make Plants grow out of the Sunne, or Open
Aire; For that is a great Mutation in Nature; And may induce a
Change inthe Seed: As barrell vp Zarth, and fow fome Seed init, and
putit in the Bottrome of. a Pond; Or put it in fome great hollow Tree;
Tricalfo the Sowing of Seeds, in the Bottomes of Caues ; And Pots
with Seeds fowne, hanged vp in Wells, fome diftance from the Water.
and fee what the Event will be, ¢

T is certaine, that Timber-Trees in Coppice-Woods, crow more vpright,
and more free from Vnder-Boughes, than thofe that ftand inthe

Fields : The Caufewhereofis, for that P/ants hauc a Naturall Motion,to |.

| get to the Sunne; And befides, they are not glutted with too much
Nourifhment ; For that the Coppice {hareth with them ; And Repletion
euer hindreti Stature; Laftly, theyare kept warme; And that eucrin:
Plants helpeth Mounting.
Trees, that are, of themfclues, full of Heat, (which Heas appeareth by
their wflammable Gummes,) as Firres, and Pznes, mount of themfelues in’

Heighth without Side-Boughes, till they come towards the Top. The}.

| Causfe is, partly Heat; And partly Tenuitie of Iuyce ; Both which fend
the Sapvpwards, As for Juniper, itis buta Shrub,and graweth not big
enough in Body, to maintaine a tall Tree, '
Ic is reported,that a Good Strong Canuas, {pread oucr a Tree grafted
low, foone after it putteth forth, will dwarfe it,and makeit {pread, The’
Caufe is plaine; For thatall Things that grow, will grow as they finde |
Roome.

Trees are generally fet of Roots,or Kernells;But if you fer them of Slips, |

(as of (ome Trees you may ,by name the Malberry,) {ome of the Slips will’
take; And thofe that take, (as is reported,) will be Dwarfe-Trees. The |
| Can/e is, for that a Slip draweth Nourifhment more weakly, than either |

a Root, or Kernel, |

All Plants, that put forth their Sap haftily, haue their Bodies not pro- |
portionable to their Length; And therefore they are Winders and Crees |

pers; Asluy, Briony, Hops, Woodbine: Whereas Dwarfing rcquireth a\

flow Putting forth, and leffe Vigour of Mounting,

The Scripture faith ; that Salomon wrote a Naturall Hiffory, |
from the Cedar of Libanus, to the Moffe growing vpon the Wall:
For |

}

ee

: OCeninje We-

For fo che belt Tranflations hate it. Anditis truethar Moffe.
isbucthe Rudiment ota Plant; And (asitwere) the Mould of
Earth, or Barke. iW on

Moffe groweth chiefly vpon Ridges of Hobfes, tiled or thatched; And
vpon the Cre/fs of Walls. And that Affe is of alightfome, and pleafant
Greene. The Growing vpon Slopes is caufed,'for that Moffe,as on the
one fideit commerh of Moifture and Water} fo on the otier fide the
Water mutt but Slide, andnot Standor Poole, “And the Growing vpon
Tiles, or Walls, &c, is caufed, for thar thOfe dtied Earths, hawing not

| Moifture fiificient to ptit forth a-plant > doe ‘praaife Germination by

| Putiing forth Mofe; Though when by Age; or orherwife, they grow

! to relent and refo'ne they fomerimes put forch Plants; As Wall-Flowers,
Andalmof all Mofe hathhere and there little Stalkes, befides the low
Thrumme, ark fan, EN /

"_ Moffe groweth vpon Alleyes,cfpecially fuch as lye Cold,and vpon the
North; As in divers Tarraffes : And againe, ifthey be much trodden;
: Or ifthey were, ar the fit, grauelied ; Forwherefocuer Plasts are kept
| downey the Earth purtéth forth Avofe. . |

Old Ground, that. hath beene longivabroken vp, gathereth Mofe- And
therfore Husbandmen vfe to cure their Fo) Hick Hh they grow
to Moffe, by Tilling them fora yeare, or two: Which alfo dependeth
vpon the farne Caw/e ; For that, thé more Sharing and Starting Iuyce of
the Earthyipfuflicient for Plants, dottubreed Moffes: bev
_ OldTreesare more Moffie, (farce) than Young ; For that. the Sap isnot
fo francke as to rife allto the Boughes, but tireth by the way, and put-
teth out Moffe. men fart tate ees oF ot a oath
(Fonataines hae Moffe growing vpon the Ground about them 5
;Ra 2 | Ma/coft Bomtess;— sane in
The Cau/e is, forthat the, Rowpstainesdtaine the Water from the Greand
Adiacent, and Jeaue but fufticient Moifture to-breed Mofe: And befides,
the Coldneffe of the Water conducethtothefame,
~ The Moffe of Trees, isa kinde of Haire; For itis the Iuyce of the Tree,
that is Excerned, and doth not Affimilate. And vpon great Trees the

Moffe gathereth a Figure, like a Leafe, ‘erkes

” The Aioifter Sort of Trees yeeld little Meffe; As wee fee in Afpes, Po-
plars,Wilowes, Beeches, 8c, Which is partly caufed, for the Reafon that
| bath becne giuen, of the francke Purting vp of the Sap into the Boughes;
| And partly, for thar the Barkes of thofe Trees, are more Clofé and
Snooth, than thofe of Oakes, and sjbes; Whereby the Moffe'can the
| hardlier iffue out, sas jet Fo hy whoo gays tt

| In Clay- Grounds, all Frait-Trees crow fal! of Moffe,bath vpow Bodyahd
| Boughes ; Whichis caufed, partly by the Coldneffe of the Ground, where-
by the Plants nourilh lefle; And partly by, the Towghneffe of t ¢ Earth,
| whereby the Sap is {hut in, and cannot get vp, to {pread fo franckly, as
Li | ee ee

We

135
Rudiments of
Planis, andof
the Excrefcen-
fes of Plants, or
Super-Plants,

§37

538

539

540

541

544

Natural Hiflory:

We haue faid heretofore, that if Trees be Hide-bound, they wax lefle |

ee

a i A I ee

en

——— eee

Fruitfull, and gather Moffe: And that they areholpen by Hacking, &c. |
| And therefore by the Reafon of Contrrartes, if Trees be bound in with
| Cords, or {ome Outward Bands, they will put forth more Mofe: Which |
(I thinke ) happeneth to Trees that ftand Bleake, and vpon rhe Cold
Winds, It would alfo be tried, whether if you couera Tree, fomewhat,
thicke vpon the top, after his Powling, it willnot gather more Me/e. L
thinke alfo, the Watring of Trees with Cold Fountaine-Water, will make |
them grow full of Afofe.
$46 There isa Mofé the Perfumers haue, which commeth out of Apple- |
Trees, that hathan Excellent Sent, Quere particularly for the Manner of |
the Growth, and the Natare of it. And for this Experiments fake, being |
a Thing of Price, haue fet downe the laft Experiments,how to multiply, |
and callon Mofes,

Next vnto Moffe, I will{peake of Mu/bromes; Which ate
likewife anVnperfect Plant. Thefe Mu/bromes hauc two ftrange |
| Properties ; The One, that they yeeld fo Delicious a Meat; The |
| other, that they come up {0 haffily; As in a Night; And yet they:
are Vnjowne.And therefore, fuchas are Vp-ftarts in State, the
call,in reproach, Mu/bromes. It muft needs be therefore, that }
they bee made of much Moiffure ; And that Moiffure Fat,|
| Grofle,and yet fomewhat Concocted.And (indeed ) we finde
| chat Mu/bromes caufe the Accident, which we call Incubus, or
the Maré,in the Stomacke. And therefore the Surfet of them
| may Suffocate,and Empoyfon,, And this fheweth, that they
_are Windy ; And that Windinefle is Grofle, and Swelling;
| Not Sharpe, or Griping. And vpon the famereafon Mu/b-
romes are avenercous Meat. ©

547 It is reported, that the Barke of White, or Red Poplar, (which are of

| the Moifteft of Trees,) cut {mall, and caft into Furrewes well dunged,
will caufe the Ground to put forth Mufbromes, at all Sea/ons of the Teare,

fit to be eaten. Some adde tothe Mixture Leawen of Bread, refolued in
Water,

548 It is reported, that if a Hilly-Féeld, where the Stabble is ftanding,
bee fet on Fire, in a Showrie Sea/on, it will put forth great Score of
Mufhromes.

549 It is reported,that Harts-Horme,Shauen,or in Small Peecés, mixed with
Dang, and watred, puttcth vp Ma/bromes, And wee know Harts-Horne
is of a Fatand Clammic Subftance : And it may be Oxe-Horme would
doc thelike,

$50 It hath beene reported, though it be {earce credible, that Zwy hath
growne out of a Stags-Horne ; VVhich they fuppofe, did rather cone

om

eS =. S __,_,

re

from a Confrication of the Horne vpon the Jay, than from the Horne it

felfe, There is not knowne any Subftance, but Earth, and the Procedures
of Earth, (as Tile, Stone,8c.) that yeeldeth any Mofe, ot Herby Subjtance,
There may be Triall made of fome Seeds,as that of Fenmell-Seed, Ma-
ftard-Seed, and Rape-Seed, put into fome little Holes, made in the Hornes
of Stags, or Oxen, to {ce if they will grow.
There is alfoanother Vaperfect Plant, that (in thew) is hke a great
Mafbrome : And it is fometimes as broad as ones Hat; YVbich they call
a Tosds-Stoole: But itis not Efculent; And it groweth (commonly) by
a dead Stub of a Tree; And likewife about the Roots of Rotten Trees:

| And therefore feemeth to take his Iuyce from Wood Putrified, Which
| fheweth, bythe way, that Wood Patrified yeeldetha franke sfoifure,
There is a Cake, that groweth vpon the Side ofa Dead Tree, that hath
gotten no Name, butitis large, and ofa Chefaur Colour, and hard,

| and pithy ; Whereby it fhould feeme, thar euen Dead Trees forget not
' their Putting torth; No more than the Carcaffes of wens Bodées,that put
| forth Auire,and Nailes, fora Time.
There is a Cod, or Bagge, that groweth commonly inthe Fields ;
Thatat the firft is hard likea Tesnas-Ball, and white; And after groweth
of a Mafbrome Colour, and full of light Dx/? vpon the Breaking: And
is thoughtio be dangerous for the Eyes, if the Powder gctinto them;
And to bee good for Kibes, Belike it hath a Corrofine, and Fretting
Nature.
There is an Herbe called Jewes-Eare,that gtoweth vpon the Reots,and
Lower Parts of the Bodtes of Trees ; E{pecially of Elders, and fometimes
Albes. Iehatha range Property; For in Warme-water, it fwelleth, and
openeth extremely, Ie is not greene, but of a duskic browne Colour.
And it is vfed for Squinancies, and Inflammations in the Throat ; VWhere-
by itfeemeth to haue a Mollifying, and Lenifying Vertue.
_ Thereisa Kinde of Spongie Excrefcence, which groweth chiefly vpon
the Reats of the Lafer-Tree; And fometimes vpon Cedar,and other Trees.
Teis very White, and Light, and Friable »y Which we call Agaricke. It
is famous in Phs/icke for the Purging of Tough flegme. And it is alfo an ex-
cellent Opener for the Liner: But OTenfiue to the Stomacke ; And in
| Zaffe it is, at the firft, Sweet, and after Bitter.
We finde no Super- Plant, thatis a Formed Plast, but Miffeltoe, They
haue an idle Tradition,that there is a Bird, called a Miffel-bird, that fee-
deth vpona Seed, which many times fhee cannot difgeft, and fo expel-
leth it whole with her Exerement: which falling vpon a Bough of a Tree,
that hath fonee Rif pucteth forth the asfeltoe. But this is a Fable: For
it isnot probable, that Birds fhould feed vpon that they cannot difgeft.
Bucallow that, yet it cannot be for other Reafons : For Firft, it is found
but vpon certaine Trees; And thofe Trees beare no fuch Frwit, as may
allure that Bird to fit, and feed vpon them, Ir may be, that Bird feedeth
vpon the Afi/feltoe- Berries,and {o is ‘often found there; Which may haue
giuen occafion to the Tale, But that which maketh an End of the Que-

| _ ftion,

Century. VI.
f

SS SS

55%

$53 |

ss

555
|
|
|
|
|
|

5y°

_

{
{
)

138

557

558

Naturall Hiflory :

ftion, is, that Mifeltoe hath beene found co put forth vnder the Boughes, |
and not (only) abouc the Boaghes : So it cannot be any Thing thar fal-
leth vpon the Bough. Mi(feltoe gcoweth chiefly vpon Crab-Trees, Apples
Trees, fometimes vpon Aajfles; And rarely vpon Oakes 3 The Miffeltoe |
whereof is counted very Medicinal. Ic is cuer greene, Winter and Sum- |
mer ; And bearetha White Gliffering Berry: And itis a Plaue vtterly dif.
fering from the Plamt, vpon which it groweth. Two things therefore
may be certainly fer downe: Firft, that Super-fetation mult he by Abua-
dance of Sap, in the Bough that putteth it forth: Secondly, thatthat Sap
mutt be fuch, as the Tree doth excerne, and cannot affimilate; For elfe
it would goe into a Boagh ; And befides, itfeemeth to be more Fat and
VnQuous, than the Ordinary Sap of the Tree ; Both by the Berzy, which
is Clammie ; And by that it continueth greenc, Winter and Summer,
which the Zree doth not,

This Experiment of Miffeltoe may giue Light to other Practifes,
Therefore Triall would be made, by Ripping of the Baugh of a Crab-
Tree,in the Barke ; And Watring ofthe Wound euery Day, with Warme
Water Dunged, to fee if it would bring forth Atsfeltoe, or any fuch like
Thing, But it were yet more likely to trie it, with fome other Watring,
or Anointing, that were not fo Naturall to the Tree, as Water is; As
Oyle, ot Barme of Drinke,&c. So they be fuch Thingsas kill not the
Bough.

ree good totrie, what Plants would put forth, if they be forbid-
den to put forth their Natwrall Boughes: Polltherefore a Tree, and co-
uer it, {ome thicknefle, with C/ay on the Top ; And fee what it will put
forth, I fuppofe it will put forth Rests; For fo willa Cions,being turned
downce into Clay : Therefore, in this Experiment alfo, the Tree would be
clofed with fomewhat, that isnotfo Naturall to the Plamt, as Clay is,
Trie it with Leather, or Cloth, or Painting, fo it be not hurtfullto the
Tree. And itis certaine, that a Brake hath beene knowne to grow out ef
a Pollard,

A Man may count the Prickles of Trees to bea kinde of Excrefcence 5
For they will ncuer be Boughes, nor beare Leawes. The Plants thathaue |
Prickles, ave Thornes, blacke and white ; Brier ; Rofe ; Limon-Trees ; Crab-

| Trees;Goofe-Berry; Berbery ; Thefe hauc it in the Bough; The Plants that
_ haue Prickles in the Leafe,are ; Holly ; luniper ; Whin-bu[b ; Thiftle; Nettles
| alfo hauea {mall Venemous Prickle; So hath Barrage, but harmeleffe,

The Canfe mult be Haffy Putting forth ; Want of Moifiure; And the Clofe-
neffe of the Barke ; For the Hafte of the Spirit to pat forth, and the Wane of
Nourifbment to put forth a Bough, and the Clofeneffe of the Barke, caufe
Prickles in Boughes ; And therefore they are cucr like a Pyramis, for that
the Moiftwre {pendcth attera little Putting forth, And for Prickles
in Leaues, they comealfoof Putting forth more luyce into the Leafe, than
can fpreadin the Leafe {mooth; And therefore the Leawes otherwife are |
Rough, as Borrage and Nettles arc, As for the Leawes of Hedy, they are
Smooth, but neuer Plame, bur as it werewith Folds, for the fame Caa/e.
There

——

| Century. Ve | 19

———_

There bee alfo Plants, that though they haue no Prickles, yet they | 560
haue a Kinde of Dowgy or Veluet Rine, vpon the'r Leawes ; As Rofe-Cam-
piow, Stcck-Gilly-Flowers, Colts-Foot ; which Downe, or Nap commeth of |
a Subtil Spirit, ina Soft or Fat Subflance, For it is certaine, that both
Ssock-Gilly-Flowers,and Rofe-Campions, {tamped, have beene applyed,
(with fucceffe) to the Wrefts of thofe that hauc had Tertian, or Qxartan |
Agues; And the Vapour of Colts-Fost hath a Sanatiue vertue,towards the |
Lungs; And the Leafe alfo is Healing in Surgery.

Another Kinde of Exerefcence is an Exudation of Plants, ioyned with 561
Putrefaction,; Aswefee in Oake- Apples, which are found chiefly vpon
the Leawes of Oakes; And the like vpon Willowes : And Countrey Peo-
ple haue a kinde of Prediction, that if the Oake- Apple, broken, be fullof
Worme:, it is a Signe of a Pefslent Yeere; VVhich is a likely Thing, be-
caufe they grow of Corruption,

There is. alfo vpon Sweet, or other Brier, a fine Tu/t, or Brush of Moffe, 562
of diuers Colours 5 Which if you cut, you thall cuer fiade full of little
white Worms,

T iscertaine, thar £arth, taken owt of the Foundations of Vaults and | Experiments
Honfes, and Bottomes of Wells, and then putinto Pots, will put forth rida 5
Sundry Kinds of Herbs: But fome Time is required, for the Germination; | Produing of
Forifitbe taken, but fronsa Fathome deepe, it will put forth che Fir# lle gc
Yeere ; Ifmuch deeper, not till after a Yeere, or Two, * ce ior

The Watwre of the Plasts growing out of Earth fo taken vp, doth fol- §°3
low the Nature of the Monld it felfe; As ifthe Mould be Soft, and Fine, 564
it putteth forth Soft Herbs; As Graffe, Plantine,and the like; Ifthe Earth
be Harder and Courfer, it putceth forth Herbs more Rowgh, as Thiftles,

Firres, &ce, ,

It is Common Experience, that where AHeyes are clofe Granelled, the $65
Earth putteth forth, the firft yeere, Kot-graffe, and after Spire-craffe.

The Caw/é is, for that the Hard Grawell, or Pebble at the firft Laying, will
not fuffer the Gra//é to come forth vpright, but turneth it to finde his
way where itcan; Butafterthat the Zarth is fomewhat loofened atrhe
Top, the Ordinary Gra//é commeth vp,

It is reported, that Earth, being taken out of Shady and Warry Woods, 566
fome depth, and Potted, will putforth Herés of a Fat andIuycy Sub- (
ftance; As Pesny-wort, Purflane, Houfleeke, Penny royall, 8c.

The Water alfo'doth fend ferth Plants, that haue no Roots fixed in
the Bortome; But they are lefle Perfect Plants,being almoft but Leases,
and thofe Small ones: Such is that we call Dwck-b¥eed ; Which hatha
Lesfeso bigger than a Thyme-Leafe, bot of a frefher Greene, and put-
teth fortha little String into the Water, farre from the Bottome. As for
the Water-Lilly, it hath a Root in the Ground: And fo haue a Number of
other Herbs that grow in Ponds. .

Itisreportedby fome of the Ancients, and fome Moderse Teffimony| 568
likewife, that there be fome Plants, that grow vpon the Top of the Sea;

N

Being

567

ca i La SOR. alk Bn HALE
140 | Naturall Hiflory : |
BE I yy — eee =
Being fuppofed to grow of fome Concretion of Slime froin the Water,
where the Swane beatethhot, and wherethe Seaftirrech lietle. As for
Alaa Marina (Sea-weed,) and Eryngism (Sea -Thifile,) both haue Roots;
| but the Sea-weed vnder the Water, the Sea-Thifile but vpon the Shave,
i) The Ancients haue noted, that there are fome Herbs, that grow
out of Svow, laid vp clofe together, and Patrified; And that they are
all Bitter; And they nameonefpecially, Flomus, which we call Moth-
Mullein. [tis certaine, that Wormes arc found in Sow commonly, like
Earth-Wormes ; And therefore tt isnot valike, that it maylikewife put
forth Plapts. ?,
$70 The Ancients haue affirmed, that there are fome Herbs, that grow
out of Stone; Which may be, for that itis certaine, that Teads haue bin
found in the Middle ofa Free-Srone. We fee alfo, that Fiiats, lying
aboue Ground,gather Moje; And Wall- Flowers, and fome other Flowers,
grow vpon Walls;But whether vpon the Maine Bricke, or Stone, or whe-
ther out of the Lime or Chiskes, is not well obferueds; For Elders and
Afbes haue beene feene to grow out of Sreeples : But they manifeftly
grow out of Clefts;In fo muchas when they grow big, they wil difioyne
the Stane, And befides itis doubrfull, whetherthe 2fortar it felfe put-
teth ic forth, or whether fome Seeds bee not let fa!) by Bérds, There be
likewife Reck-Herbs;But I {uppofe thofe are, where there is fome Mould,
| or Earth, Ithath likewife beene found, that great Trees growing vpon
Quarries, haue put downe their Root into the Stoner,
571 In fome Mines in Germsany, as is reported,there grow in the Bottome
Vegetables, And the Work-Folkes vic to fay, they haue Magical Pertacr ;
And will not fuffer Men to gather them,
$72 The Sea-Sands feldome beare Plants. Whereof the Can/e is yeel-
| ded, by fome of the Ancients, for that the Sunmeexhaleth the Moi/fure,
before it can incorporate with the Earth, and yeeld a Nourifhment for
the Plant, And it is affirmed alfo, that Sand hath (alwaies) his Root in
Clay ; And that there be no Veines of Sand, any great depth within the
| Earth.
573 Itis certaine, that fonre Plants put forth fora time, of their owne
Store, without any Nours/bment from Earth, Water, Stone, &c. Of which
| Vide the Experiment 29. |

—

Experiments ij as reported, that Earth, that was brought ourofthe Jsdes, and o-
came * y. dther Remote Countries, for Ballaft of Ships, caftvpon fome Growads in
raine Plants. | Ztaly, did putforth Forraime Herbs, to vs in Ewrope notknowne; And,

574 that which is more, that of their Reots, Barkes, and Seeds, contufed to-
gether, and mingled with other Earth, and well VVatred with Warme

| Water, there came forth Herbs much like the Other,

575 Plants brought oucot Hok Cowstries, will endeuour to put forth, at
the fame Téme,that they viually doc in their owne Clanate; And therfore
to preferuethem, there isno more required, than to keepe them from
the Iniury of Putting backeby Cold, Iris reported alfo, that Grasme out

of

— a ee

Ee 2 a
‘ va .

Century. VI. | 141 |

of the Hotter Countries tran{lated into the Calder, will be more forward,
than the Ordinary Graine of the Cold Cowmtrée. Ivis likely, that this will |
proue better in Graswes,than in Trees; For that Graines are but Asawall 5
And fo the Fertwe of the Seed is not worne out; Whereas ina Tree, itis |
embafed by the Ground, to which it is Remoued,

Many Plants, which grow in the Hotter Countries; being fet in the 576
Colder, will neuerthelefie, euen in thofe Cold Countries, being fowne of |
Seeds late in the Spring, come vp and abide moft Part of the Summer ; |
As we finde it in Orenge, and Limon-Seeds, 8c. The Seéds whereof, |
Sowac in the End of 4prill, willbring forth Excellent Sallets, mingled
with other Herbs. And I doubtnor, but the Seeds of Cloue-Trees, and
Pepper-Seeds,&c. if they could come hither Greene enough to be fowne, |

Experiments
|

| would doe the like.

Here befome Flowers, Bloffomes, Graines, and Fruits, whichcome

more Early; And Others which come more Late in the Teere. The Seite
Flowers that come carly, with vs, are ; Prime-Rofes, Violets, Anensonies, | Sune ek a
Water-Daffadillies, Crocus Vernus, and fome early Tulippa’s, And th ey | which Plaats
arealiCold Plants; Which therefore (as it fhouldfeeme) haue a quic-| “°"* oe
ker Perception, of the Heat of the Swsne Lacreafing, than the Hot Herbs 577
haue; As aCold Hand willfooner findea little Warmsth,than a Her, And
thofethatcome next after, are Wall-Flowers, Cswflips, Hyacinths, Rofe
wary-Flowers, &c. And after them, Pincks, Rofes, Flowerdelaces, 8¢c.
And the lateft are Gilly- Flowers, Holly-oakes, Larkes-Foot,&c. The Ear-
lieft Blaffomes.are, the Bloffomes of Peaches, Almonds, Cornelians, Mezeri-
ons, &c, And theyare of fuch Trees, as hane much Moifture, cither W4-
trie, or Oye, And therefore CrocusVeraus alfo, being an Herbe, that
| hathan Oply Jayce, putteth forth early. For thofe alfo findethe Sunme
fooner than the Drier Trees. The Graines are, firft Rye and Wheat; Then
Oats and Barley, Then Peafeand Beanes. For though Greene Pes/e and
Beanes be eaten fooncr,yet the Drie Ones, that are vied for Hor/e-mect,
| are ripe Jaft; And itfeemeth that the Fatter Graine commethfirlt, The
Earlieht Fruits arc, Strawberries, Cherries, Goofeberries, Corrans, And af.
terthem Early Apples, Early Peares, Apricots, Raps; And after them Da-
| mafins, and moft Kinde of Plums, Peaches, &c. And the lateft are Apples,| ~
| Wardens, Grapes, Nuts, Quinces, Alnonds,Sloes, Brier-Berries, Heps,Med-
lars, Serwices, Cornelians, &c.

Itis to be noted, thar (com rnonly) Trees that ripen lateft, bloffome foo- 578
eft: As Peaches, Cornelians, Sloes, Almonds, 8c, And it feemeth to be
a Worke of Prouidence, thatthey bloffome fo foone ; For otherwile, |
they could not hauethe Swanelong enough to ripen.

There be Fruits,(but rarely,)chat come twice a Teare ; as fome Peares,
Strawberries, &c, And itfeemeth they are fuch, as abound with Nou-
rifhment; Whereby after one Period , before the S#nne waxeth too
weake , theycanendure another, The Fielet alfo, amongit Flowers,
commeth twicea Yeare; Efj see Dowble White; Andthatalfo

2 is

in Confort

579

t in Confort

touching the

| Lajfing of Herbs
and Trees.

See

|

584

585

| Experimechee |

Neaturall Hiftors:

isa Plant full of Moifture, Rofes come twice, burit isnot without Cus-
ting, as hath beene formerly faid,

In Ma/couis, though the Corme come not vp, till late Spriag, yet their
Haruef? is as Early as Ours, The Caw/e is, for that the Strength of the

j

|
!
|
|

Ground iskept in with the Swew; And we fee with vs, that if it bee a }

long Wiater, it is commonly a more Plentifull Yeere: And after thofe
kinde of Wiaters likewife, the Flowers, and Corne, which are Earlier, and
Later, doe comecommonly at once, and at the fame time; Which
troubleth the Hushandman many times; For you fhallhaue Red Rofes,
and Damaske Rofes,come together; And likewife the Haraef of Wheat
and Barley, Butthis happeneth euer, for that the Earhier ftaieth for the
Later; And not thatthe Later commeth fooner,
There be diuers Frait-Trees, in the Hot Countries, which haue Blof-
Somes, avd Young Fruit, and Ripe Fruit, almoft all the Ycere, fucceeding
oncanother, Andit is faid, the Orenge hath the like with ys, for a great
Part of Summers And fealfo hath the Figge. And no doubt, the Na-
turall Motion of Plants, istehauefo; But thateither they want Jaycee to
{pead ; Or they meet with the Cold ofthe Winter: And therefore this
Circle of Ripening cannot be, but in Succwlent Plauts, and Het Countries.
Some Herbs are but Annaall, and dic, Reot and all, oncea Yeere ; As
Borrage, Lettuce, Cucumbers, Muske-Melons, Ba/il, Tobacco, Maftard-Seed,
and all kindes of Corne; Some continue many Yeeres; As Hy/foper,
| Germander, Lauander, Fenwell, &c. The Caw(e of the Dying is doubles
The firft is the Tendermeffe and Weakne/fe of the Seed, which maketh the
Period ina {malltime; As itis in Borrage,Lettxce,Cucumbers, Corme,&xc.
And therefore none of thefe are Hor. The other Cas/e is, for that fome
| Herbs can worle endure Cold; As Bajfill, Tobacco, Muftard-Seed, And
| thefe haue (all) miueh Heat.

He Laffing of Plants is moft in thofe that are Largeft of Bedy ; As
Oakes, Elme,Chef-Nut,the Lest-Tree,&c. And this heldeth in Trees;
But in Herbs it is often contrary; For Berage, Colewort, Pompions, which
are Herbs of the Largef Size, are of {mall Durance ; Whereas Hyffope, |
Winter-Sanory, Germauder, Thyme, Sage, will lat long, The Casfe is,
| for that Trees laft according to the Strength, and Quantity of their Sap
and Jayce; Being well munited by their Barke agaiptt the Iniuries of the
dire: But Herbs drawa VVeake Juyce; And have a Soft Stalke; And
therefore thofe amoneft them which lat longeft, are Herbs of Strome
| Smell, and with a Sticky Stalke.
| Treesthacbeare Maf, and Nats, are commonly more lafting, than
| thofethat beare Frwi/s; E(pecially the Moiffer Fruits: As Oakes, Beeches,
| Chef-nats, Wall-nuts, Almonds, Pine-Trees, &c. laft longerthan Apples,
| Peares, Plums, &c, TheCau(e is the Fatuefe and Oilineffe.of the Sap ;
Which euer wafteth leffe, than the more Hairy.
Trees,that bring forth their Leawes late in che Yeere,and caftthem like-

wile late, are more lafting, than thofe that {prout their Leaues a

| ¢

i Se ee

ar

Century. VI,

thed them betimes. The Caw/éis;for chat the late Comming forth (heweth
a Mei/iare more fixed; Andthe other more loofe, and more eafily rea
folued. And the fame Caw/e is, thattVilde Trees laft longer than Gardes-
Trees ; Andinthe fame kinde, thofe whofe Fruit is Acide, more than |
thefe whofe Fruit is fweet. |
Nothing procureth the La/fimg of Trees, Babes, and Herbs, fo much, |
as often Cutting : For enery Casting caufeth a Renouation of tlie Zuyre
| ofthe Plamt; That it neither goeth fo farre,nor rifeth fo faint'y,as when
the Plast isnot Cut: Infomuciaas dasvall Planes, if youcur them fea-
fonably, and will {pare the vie of them, and fuffer them to come vp fill
young, willlaft more Yecres than one; As hath beene partly touched ;
| Such as is Lettuce, Parflane, Cucumber, and che like, And for Great Trees,
we fee almofta'! Over-growne Trees, in Church-yards, or neere Ancient
' Buildings, and the like, are Pollards, or Dottards, and not Trees at their
- | full Heighe. ahs
Some Experiment would be made, how by Art to make Plants more
Laffing than thet ordinary Period; As to makea Stalke of Wheat, &c.
| lattawhole yeere, You ult cuer prefuppofe, thar youhandle it fo, as
the Winter killethic not; For we fpeake only of Prolonging the Natural
Period, Lconceine, thatthe Rale will hold ; That whatfeeuer maketh
the Herbe come later, than at his time, will make it laft longer time: It
were good to try ir, ina Stalke of Wheat, &c. fet in the Shade, and en-
compafied with a Cafe of Woed, not touching the Stray, to keepeout
Open Aire. .
As for the Preferuation of Fruits, and Plants, 2s well vpon the Tree,
or Stalke, a3 gathered, we foall handle tt undey the Title of Confeiuation of
Bodies.’

He Particular Figures of Plants we leaue to their Defériptions 5 But

fome few Things, in generall, we will obferwe. Trees and Herbs, in

the Growing forth of their Boughes and Branches, are not Figured, and
keepeno Order, TheCas/eis, tor thatthe Sap, being reftrained in the
Rinde,and Barke,>reaketh not forth at all;(As in the Bodies of Trees,and

i Stalkes of Herbs,) till they beginto branch; And then; when they make
| an Eruptian, they breake forth cafually, where they finde beft way, in
the Barke, or Rinde, I: is crue,that fome Trees are more {cattered in their
| Boughes ; As Sallow-Trecs, Warden-T rees,Outnce-Trees, Medlar-Trees,L3-
| mon-Trees, 8c. Some are more in the forme of a Pyramis, and come al-
! mofttotodd; As the Peare-Tree, (which the Critickes will haue to bot-
row hisname of 7%;,.ire,) Orenge-Trees, Fir-Trees, Serusce-Trees, Lime=

| Trees, &c, And fomeare more {pred and broad; As Beeches,Hornbeame,
&c. Thereft are more indifferent. The Cau/eot Scattbring the Bawgbes,
is the Hafty breaking forthofthe Sap; And therefore thofe Tree: rife

| notin a Body of any Height, bur branchneere the Ground. The Cases
t ofthe Pyramis, is the Keeping in of the Sap, long before it branch; And
| the {pending of it when it beginnerh eo branch, by cqualldegrees, The

Ge ) 5 Spreading ‘

ae

586

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
feuerall Figures
of Plants.

588

uw

aslo) Neg as Eisflory:

Spreading is caufed by the Carrying vp of the Sap, plentifully, without
Expences; And then putting it forth fpeedily, and at once,

There bee diuers Herbs, but no Trees, that may be faid to haue fome
kinde of Order, in the Putting forth of their Leawes : Forthey haue
Joynts or Knuckles, as it were Stops in their Germination; As haue Grlly~
Flowers, Piwkes, Fennell, Corne, Reeds, and Canes, The Cas/e whereof is,
for that the Sap aicendeth vnequally,and doth (as it were) tire and ftop
by theway. Andit feemeth, they haue fome Clofeneffe,and Hardne[er
in their Stalke, which hindreth the Sap from going vp, vntill it hath ga-

- \ thered intoa Knot, and fo is more vrged to putforth, And therefore,
they are moft of them hollow, when the Stalke isdry. As Fennell-Stalke,
Stubble, and Canes,

Flowers haue (all) exquifite Figures ; And the Flower-Numbers are
(chiefly) Fime, and Fowre; Asin Prime-Rofes, Brier-Rofes, Single Musk-
Rofes, Single Pinkes, ane Gilly-Flowers, &c, which haue fiue Leawes:
Lillies, Flower-de-Luces, Borage, Bugloffe, &c. which hauc foure Leaues,
But fome put forth Leawes not Numbred;But they are euer {mall Ones;
As Mary-Golds, Trifoile, &c, Wee {ce alfo, thatthe Sockets, and Suppor-
| ters of Flowers, are Figured; As inthe Fiue Brethren of the Rofe; Soc-

\kets of Gilly: Flowers,8cc.Leanes alfo are all Figwred;Some Round,Some
| Long; None Square ; And many iagged on the Sides; Which Leawes
of Flowers {cldomeare. For I account the Jagging of Pinkes, and Gilly-
Flowers, to belike the Inequality of Oake-leawes, or Vine-Leanes, or the
like ; But they feldome or neuer haue any {mall Purles,

bb gcd

eres F Plants; fome few put forth their Blofomes before their Leawes ;
Sei Tse As Almonds, Peaches, Cornelians, Black-Thorne, &c. But moft put
Principal Diffe- | forth fome Leawes before their Bloffomes; As Apples, Peares, Plums,Cher-

rencesin Planks. | 506 wthite-Thorne, &c, The Caw/eis, for that thofe, that put forth their

59L | Bloffomes firft, haue either an Acute and Sharpe Spirit; (And therefore
commonly they all ut forthearly in the Spring,and ripen very late; As
moft of the Particulars before mentioned; ) Or elfe an Oyly Zuyce, whith
| is apter to put out Flowers, than Leawes.
59% Of Plants, fome are Greene all Wanter;Ochers caft their Leases, There

are Greené all Winter, Holly, Iay, Box, Firre, Engh, Cypre//e, Iuniper, Bayes,
Rofe-Mary,&c. The Caufe of the Holding Greene, is the Clofeand Com-
pact Subftance of their Leanes, and the Pedicles ofthem, And the Can/es
of that againe,is either the Tongh, and Vifcous Iuyce of the Plant; Or the
Strength and Heat thereof.Of the firft Sort is Holly, Which is ts of fo Fi if- |
cous a Iuyce,asthey make Bird-lime of the Barke of it. The Stalke of Jy
is Toughand not Fragile, as we fee in other fmall Twigs dry. Férreo
yecldeth Pitch, Box isa faft and heauy Wood,as we fee it in Bowles, Eugh
isa Strong and Tough Woed,as we fee it in Bowes,Of the fecond Sort is
Iunsper, which isa Wood Odorate, and maketh a hot Fire. Bayes is like-
wife a Hotand Aromaticall Wood ; And fo is Rofe-Mary for a Shrub. As
for the Leawes, their Denfity appeareth, in that, either they are Smooth
\ and

and Shining, asin Bayes, Holly, ay, Box, 8c. Or in that they are Hard isi
and Spiry, as in the reft, And Trial] would be made of Grafting of Rofe-

Mary, and Bayes, and Box, vpona Holly-Stocke; Becaufe they are Plants

that comeal]l Winter, It were good to trie it alfo with Grafts of other

Trees, cither Frait-Trees, ot Wilde-Trees; To fee whether they will nor |

yeeld their Fras, ot beare their Leawes, later, and longer in the Winter ; |
becaufe the Sap of the Holly putteth forth moft in the Winter. Itmay be |
alfo. a Atezerion-Tree, grafted vpon a Holly, will prouc both an Earlier,
anda Greater Tree,

There be fome Pleats, that beare no Flower, and yet beare Fruit : §93

There be fome, thatbeare Flowers, and no Fruit: There be fome that :
beare neither Flowers,nor Fruit, Moft of the great Timber-Trees, (as
Oakes, Beeches, &c.) beare no apparent Flowers : Some few (likewifc) of
the Fruit-Trees; As Mulberry, Wall-nut,&cc. And fome Shrubs, (as Juni»
per, Holly, &c.) beare no Flowers. Diuers Herbs al{o beare Seeds,(which
isasthe Fruit,) and yet beareno Flowers ; As Purflane, &c, Thofethar
beare @lowers and no Frast,arefew; Asthe Double Cherry, the Sallow,
&c, But for the Cherry, it is doubrfull, whether it be not by Art, or Cul-
ture; For if it be by Art, then Triall would be made, whether 4pples,
and other Fruits Bloffomes, may not be doubled. There are fome Few,
that beareneither Frat, nor Flower; As the Elme, the Poplars, Box,
Brakes, &c.

There bee fome Plants, that fhoot ftill vpwards, and cam Support 594
themfelues; As the greateft Part of Trees and Plants: There be-fome
Other, that Creepe along the Gresmd: Or Winde about other Trees, or
Props, and cannot fupport themfelues; As Vines,lay,Briar,Briony,Wood-
bines, Hops, Climatis, Camomill, &c. The Caufeis, (as hath beene partly
touched,) for that all Plats (naturally) moue vpwards ; But ifthe Sap
put vp too faft, it maketh a {lender Stalke, which will not fupport the
weight: And therefore thefe latter Sort are all Swift and Hafty Com-

mcfs,.

He firft and moft Ordinary Helpe is Stercoration. The Sheeps-Dung | Gxperiments
is one of the beft; And next,the Dung of Kine: And thirdly, that of | '}Coniartow
Horfes: Which is held to be fomewhat too hor, voleffe it be mingled. a Dthaeb:
That of Pigeons for a Garden, or a finall Quantitieof Ground, excel | and Helps of
leth. The Ordering of Dung is; If the Groamdbe Arable, to {preaditim- | 7"
mediately before the Plowing and Sowing; And{oto Plowitin: Forif} 595
you fpead it long before, the Swne willdraw out much ef the Fstwe//e
ofthe Daag : If the Ground be Grazing Ground, to {pread it fomewhat
late, towards Winter ; that the Sanne may haue the leffe Power to drieit
vp. As for fpeciall Compofts for Gardens, (as aHot Bed, &c.) wee have
handled them before.
The Second Kind of Compoff,is,the Spreading ofdiuers Kiwdsof Earths; | 5 96
As Marle,Chalke,Sea-Sand, Earth vpon Earth,Pond-Earth ; And the Mix-

tures of them, Marleis thought to be the beft; As having moft Fatnefle;
And

146

es ee

597

598

Naturall Fiiflory :
=e

And not Heating the Grownd toomuch, The next is Sea- Sand; Which
(no doubt) obtaineth a fpeciall Vertue, by the Salt: For Salt is the firit
Rudimentof life. Chalke oner-heateth the Grownd a little, And there-
fore is beft vpon Cold Clay-Grosnds,or Moi/t Grounds: But I heard a great
Hesband fay, that it wasa common Errour, to think thai Chalke helpeth
Arable Grounds, buthelpeth not Grazing Grounds, Whereas (indeed) it
helpeth Gra/fe, as well as Corne: But that which breedeth the Errour 1s,
becaufe after the Chalking of the Ground, they weare itout with many
Crops, without Reft,; And then (indeed) afterwards it will beare little
Graffe, becaufe the Ground is tired out. It were good to try the laying of
Chalke vpon Arable Grounds, a little while before Plowsag; And to
Plow itin, as they doethe Dwxg ; Butthen it muft be Friable firft, by
Raine,or Lying : As for Earth, it Cempaffeth it Selfe ; For I knew a Great
Garden, thathad a Field (ina manner) powred vpon it; And it did beare
Fruit excellently the firft yeare of the Planting: For the Surface of the
Earth is euer the Fruitfulleft, And Earth fo prepared hatha double Sar-
face, Butitis true, as lconceiue, that fuch Earth, as hath Sale- Petreo
bred in it, if you can procure it without too much charge, doth excell,
The way to haften the Breeding of Salt-Petre, is to forbid the Sunne,and
the Growth of Vegetables. And therefore, if you make alarge Houell,
thatched, ouer fome Quantity of Ground ; Nay if you doe but Plancke
the Ground ouer, it wil! breed Salt-Petre, As for Pend-Earth, or Riwer-
Earth, it isa very good Compoft ; Efpecially if the Pomd bauc beene long
ynckanfed, and fo the Water be nottoo Hungry: And I iudge it will
be yet better, if there be fome Mixture of Chalke.

The Third Helpe of Ground, is, by fome othe: Swhfances, that haue a’
Vertue to make Grownd Fertile ; though they be nor meercly Earth:
wherein Ajbes excell; In fo muchas the Countries about Aitwa, and
Vefanius, have a kinde of Amends made them, for the Mifchicfe the E-
ruptions (many times) doe, by the exceeding Frait/alnafe of the Sople,
caufed by the Afhes, fcatteredabout, Seat allo, though thin {pred, ina
Field, or Garden, is tried to be a very good Compe/?, For Salt, itis too
Coftly : Butit is tried, that mingléd with Seed-Corne, and {owen toge-

| ther, ir doth good : And I am of Opinion, that Chalke in Powder,ming-
| led with Seed-Corne, would doe good ; Perhaps as much as Chalking the
Ground all oucr, As for the Steeping of the Seeds, in feucrall Mixtures
with Water,to giue them Vigour; Or Watring Grounds with Compoft-Wa-
ter; Wehaue{poken of them before,
The Fourth Helpe of Ground, is, the Suffering of Vegetables to dse into
the Grounds And {oto Fatten it,As the Stabole ot Corne, Elpecially Peafe.
| Brakes caft vpon the Gronnd, in the Beginning of Winter, will mall itve-
ry Fruitfull, Itwere good (alfo) to try, whether Leawes of Trees fwept
together, with fome Chalke and Dung mixed, to giuc them more Hear,
would not make a good Compo/f: For there is nothing loft, fo muchas
Leawes'of Trees; Andas they lycfeattered, and without Mixture, they
rather make the Grewad foure, than etherwife.

SS

eee

The

> —

Century. VI. | 17

| pp

The Fifth Helpe of Ground, is Heat and Warmth, Ichathbeene anci-| 5.99
ently practifed to burne Heath, and Ling,and Sedge, with the vantage of |
the Wiad,vpon the Groand: We fee,that Warath of Halls and Enclofures, |
mendeth Growmd: Wee fee alfothat Lyixg open tothe South, mendeth |
Ground: We {ce againe, that the Foldsags of Sheepe helpe Greand,as well |
| bythew Warmed, as by their Campoft : And ii may be doubted, whether |
| the Cowering of the Grosnd with Brakes, in the Beginning of the Water, |
(whereof we {pake in the laft Experiment,) helpeth it not, by reafon of |
theWarmth. Nay fome very good Husbands doc fufpea, that the Gathe- |
ring vp of Flints, in Flinty Ground, and Laying them on Heapes, (which
ismuch vfed,) isno good Husbandry ; For that they would keepe the
Ground Watme, \
The Sixth Aalpe of Ground is, by Watering, and Irrigation 3 which is in 600
two Manners: Tie one by Letting in, and Shwtting out Waters, at {eafo-
nable Times: For Wter,at fome Seafons,and with reafonable ftay doth
good; Butatfome other Scafons, and with too long Stay, doth hyrt.
And this ferueth only for Meadowes, which are along fome Riser, The
other way is, to bring Water, from fome Hanging Grounds, where there
ate Springs, into the Lower Grounds, cariy:ng it in fomelong Farrewes ;
And from thofe Farrowes, drawing it trauerfe to {pread the Water, And |
this maketh an excellent Improuement, both for Corne, and Gra/e, Ic is
the richer, if thofe Hanging Greunds be fruitfull, becaufe it watheth off
fome of the Fatneffe of the Barth: But howfoeuer it profiteth much,
Generally, where there are great Oucrflowes, in Fess, or the like, the
drowning of them in the Water, maketh the Summer following more
fruitfull: The Ca#/e may be, for that it keepeth the Growsd warme, and
nourifheth it: But the Fes-A¢es hold, thatthe Sewers muft be kept fo,as
the Water may not ftay too long in the Sprigg,till the Weeds and Sedge be
growne vp ; For then the Gresnd will be like a Wood, which kee-
peth out the Sunne; And focontinueth the Wer; Whereby
it will neuer graze (to purpofe) that yeare, Tbus much
for Irrigation. Butfor Awoidances, and Draynings of
water, where there is too much, and the Helps
of Grownd in that kinde,we fhall fpeake
of them in another
Place,

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cess) = Fk Bg

VIi. Century.

a] He Differences betwecne Ammateand Inani-
mate Bodies, we {hall handle fully vader.the
Tisle of Life, and Lisiay Spirits, and Powers,
We thall therefore make but.a briefe Men-
tion of them inthis Place, The Maine Di

ferences are two. All Bodtes haue Spirits,
and Pacumaticall Parts within them: But the
Maine Differences betweene Animate and
Inanimate, are two: The firft is, thar the
Spirits of Things Amimate, are all Continued
with themfelues, and are Branched in Veines, and fecret Cawales, as Blowd
is: And in Lising Creatures, the Spirits bauc not only Branches, but ecr-
taine Cells or Seats, where the Principall Spirsts dae refide, and where-
unto the reftdoe rcfort: But the Spircts in Things Inanimate are {hut in,
and cut off by the Taagible Parts ; And are not peruious one re another;
As Aireis in Snow, The Second Maine Difference is, that the Spirits of
Atimate Bodtes, axe all in fome degree, ( more or leffe,) kindled and in-
flamed And hauea fine Commixtare of Flame, and an Aérial Sub/lance;
But Inanimate Bodies haue their Spirits.no whit Inflamed, or Kindled,
And this Difference confifteth not inthe Beat or Cooleneffe of Spirits 5
For Clowes and other Spices, Naphtha and Petroleum, haue exceeding
Hot Spirits, ( hottera great deale than Oyle, Wax, or Talew, &c.)but noi
inflamed, And when any of thofe Weake and Temperate Badses comme
to

Experiments
inConfort tou-
ching the Affi.
nities, and Dif
ferences, be-
tweene Plants
and Inanimate
Bodies.

GOI

602

603

en LATER

606

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Affinities, and
Differences, of
Plants, and Li-
uing Creatures:
Andthe Confi-
ners and Parli-
| ciples of them.

607

|

fg a
to be Inflamed, then they gathcr a much greater Heat,than ot!ers haue
Vieinflamed; befides their Light, and Motion, &c.

The Differences, which are Secandary, and proceed fromthefe two |
Radicall Differences, are ; Firft, Plants areal Figurate and Deter minate, |
which Jpamimate Bodies are not; Fer looke how farre the Spirit is able |
to Spread and Continue itfelfes So farre goeth the Shape, or Figure; |
And then is determined, Secondly Plants doe nourith ; /nanimate Bodies
doenot: They hauean Accretion, butno Alimentation. Thirdly, Plants
haue a Period of Life; which Jmanimate Bodies haue not. Fourthly,they
hauea Succeffiew, and Propagation of their Kinde, which is not in Bodies
Inanimste,

The Differences betweene Plants, and Metalls.or Fofiiles, befides thofe
foure before mentioned, (F or Metals hold Inanimate,)are thefe:Firft,
Metalls are more Derable than Plants:Secondly,they are more Solid and
Hard: Thirdly, they are wholly Swbterrany ; VWhereas Plants are part
aboue Earth, and part vnder Earth,

Therebe very few Creatures, that participate of the Nature of Plants,
and Metals both; Cerall is one of the Neareft of both Kimdes: Another
is Vitrioll, for that is apteft to fprout with Moi/fure.

Another fpeciall affinity is betweene Plants and Mould or Putrefactt-
on: Forall Patrefaction (if it diffolue notin Arefafion ) willin the end
iffue into Plants,or Lining Creatures bred of Putrefaction | account Moffe,
and Mu/bromes,and Agaricke, and other of thofe kinds,to be but Moulds
of the Ground, Walls, and Trees, and the like. As for Fle/b, and Fuh, and
Plants them{elues, and a Number of ether things, after a Moutdine//e,or
Rottemneffe,ot Corrapting, they will fall to breed tvormes. Thele Putrefa-
ions, whiclthaue Affinity with Plants, haue this Dafference from them ;
That they have no Succefion or Propagation, though they Nosri(h, and
haue a Period of Life, and haue likewsfefome Figure.

_ [left once, by chance; a C#tron cut, in a clofe Roome, for three Sum-
mer-Moneths, that I was abfent; And at my Returne,there were grown
forth, out of the Pith cur, Tafts of Haires, an Inch long,with little blacke
Heads, as ifthey would hauc beene fome Herbe,

——

T He Affinities and Differences betweenc Plants and Liwing Creatares,
are thefe that follow. They haue beth of them Spirits Comtinwed,and
Branched, and alfo Jnflamed: But firft in Lining Creatures, the Spirits
haue a Cell or Seat, which Plants haue not; As was alfo formerly faid:.
And fecondly, the Spirits of Liming Creatures hold more of Flame, than
the Spirits of Plants doe, And thefe two are the Radical Differences, For
the Secondary Differences, they are as follow. Firft, Plants are all Fixed
to the Earth; Whereas all Liwsog Creatares are feucred, and of them-
felues. Secondly, Living Creatures haue Locall Motion; Plants haue not.
Thirdly, Lising Creatures nouri(h from their Ppper Parts, by the Month
chiefly ; Plants nourith ftom below, namely from the Roots. Fourthly,
Plants hauc their Seed and Seminal Parts vppermolt; Lisiag Creatures

haue

Century. VII.

| haue them lower-moft: And thetefore it was {aid, not elegantly alone,
but Philofophically; Homo eft Plantatnuer/a; Man is like a Plant turned-up-
wards: For the Reotir: Plants, is as the Head in Lining Creatures, Fifthly,
Lining Createres hauc.a more exact Figsre than Plants. Sixthly, Liwing’

| Creatures haue more Diwerfity of Organs within their Bodies, and (as it

| were) Jaward Figares, chan Plants hauc.Scuenthly ,Ziwing Creatures haue
| Senfe, which Plasts hauc not, Eighthly, Léwing Creatures hauc Voluntary
' Motion, which Plants haue not. ) yots

| For the Difference of Sexes in Plants, they are oftentimes by namé

| diftinguithed; As Male-Piony, Female-Piony , Male-Rofe-mary, Females

| Rofe-mary ; Hee- Holly, Shee-Hollys 8c. but Generation by Copalation (cer- }

| tainly) extendeth not to Plants, Thencereft approach of it, is betweéne
| the Hee-Palme, and the Shee-Palme which, (as they report,) if they
| grow neere, incline rhe Oneto the other: In fo muchas, (that which

ismore ftrange,) they doubt notto report, that to keepe the Trées vp-
| right from Bending, they tye Ropes or Lines, from the one to the other;

thatthe Contac? might be enioyed by the Conta ofa Middle Body. But |

' this may be Baigned, or at leaft Amplified. Neuertheleffe, I am ape
' enough to thinke,that this fame Binarium of a Stronger and a Weaker,
| like vnto Maféuline and Feminine,doth hold in all Lining Bodies.Itis con-
_ founded fometimes ; As infome Creatares of Putrefaction, whercia no
| Markes of Diffinction appeare: And it is doubled fometimes; As in’
Hermaphrodites s But generally there isa Degree of Strength in moft
Species. : Bt to
The Partéciples ot Confiners betweene Plants and Liwing Creatures, ate
fuch chiefly, as are Fixed, and haueno Locall Motion of Remowe; though
they hauea Motion in their Parts ; Such as are Osffers, Cockles, and {uch
like, There isa Fabulous Narration, that in the Northerne Countries,
there fhould bean Herbe that groweth in the ltkenefle of a Lambe, and
feedeth vpow the Gra/fe, infuclifort) as it will bare the Grafferound a-
bout. But] fuppofe, that the Fignge maketh the Fable; For fo we fee,
i there be BeesFlowers, 8eesAnd as for the Grafé; ic feemeth the Plant,
hauing a great Stalke and Top, dothprey vpon the Grafe, a good way
abour, by drawing the Jayce ofthe Barth from it.

tom He Indian Fig boweth his Roots downe fo low, in one yeere, as of it
{elfe it taketh Root Againe : And fo tnultiplieth from Root to Root ;

Making ofane Tree a kiride of Wood; The Caw/e is the Plenty of the Sap,'\ p

and the Softsc(Je of the Stalke, which tnaketh the Bough, being ouer-
, foaden, and nocitiffely vpheld; weigh downe, Ichath Leawes,as broad
i asa@liccle target, burthe Fruit no bigger than Beanes. The Can/? is, for
| chartheG@onginuall Shade increafeth the Leawes, and abateth the Frit;
whichneuertheleffe is oa pleafaneTaftc, And'that (no doubt) is cau-
| fed, by the Suppleneffe and Gentheneffeof the layce of that Plans; being
that whichinaketh the Boughes allo fo Flexible. il
eis reported:by one of the Ascienrs, that there is a certaine JA@dian
O Tree,

i =

608

609

Experiments
Promifcuors
touching:

voy J

610

61

612

613

61

————EeEEE——EE ————

———

Tree, having few, but very great, Leanes, thice Cubits long, and twe |

broad; Andthat the Fruit, being of good Tafte; groweth out of the
Barke, It may be, there be Plants, chat powre outthe Sap {0 falt, as they, |
haue no leifure,cither to diuide into many Leawes,or to purforth Stalks,
to the Fruit. With vs Trees (generally) hauc finall Leases, in compari
fon, The Fig hath the greateft ; And next tt the Hine, Mulberry, and Sy-
camore; And the Leaftarethofe of the plow, Birch, and Therne.- But.
there be found Herbs with farre greater Leawes than any Tree; As the
Burre,Gourd,Cacumber,and Cole-wert. The Canfé is, (liketo that of the |
Indian Fig,) the hafty and plentifull Putting forth of the ‘ap.
There bethree Things in vic for Sweetneffe; Sugar, Honey, Manna.
For Sagar, tothe Asccents it was {carce knowne, and jittle vfed, It is) |
found in Canes : Querc, whether tothe frit Kauckle,or further vp ? And
whether the very Barke of the Cae itfelfe do yeeld Sugar or no?For He-
ney,the Bee maketh it, or gathereth its Buc [have heard from one, thar
was induftrious in Husbandry, thart.chelabour-of the Bee is about the
Wax ; And that he hath koowne in the beginning of Atay, Honey-Combs
empty of Honey; And within a forthnight, when the Sweet Dewes fall, |
filled like a Cellar, It isreported alfo by fome ofthe Avcients, chat there
isa Tree called Occhus,in the Valleyes of Hyrcamia, that diftillech Homey
in the Mornings. Itis not volike, that the Sap and Teares of fome Trees,
may be fweet, It may be alfo, that fome {weet Iuyces, fit for many vies,
maybe concocted out.of Fraits, tothe Thickoefle of Honey, or perhaps.
\of Sugar 5 The likelieft are Raifins of the Sunne, Figs, and Corrass: The.
\Meanes may be cnquited, . jsoyrtod vemtend tr altel oF
| The Ancients report ofa Tree, by the Persian Seavpon the Shore-Sands, |
\which is nourifhed with the Sale Water ; And when the Tide ebbeth;
‘youthallfeethe Rests, as itwere, bare without Berke, (being: as it fee-
imeth corroded by the Salt,) and grafping the,Sands likea Crab; Which
‘\neuertheleffebeareth a Frost. Ir were good totry fome Hard Trees, asa’
| sermice-Tree, or Fir-Tree, by fettingtbem within the Samar) |
| . There be of Plants, whichthey vie for Garments; thefe\rhat follow?
|| Hempe; Flax ; Cottons Wettles, (whereof they make Nestle-Glosh;) Seri .
‘cums, which is a Growsng Silke; Theymake allo Cables of the Barkeoof |
| Lime-Trees, \t is the Stalke that maketh the Filaceeus Matter commen- |
. } a _ \

a

.| lys3 And fometimes the Downe that groweth aboue.

| They, baue, in forme Countries, a Plant of a Rofy Colnar\..w/hidhe fhut-

2) techn the Neght, Opencth.in the Morning, and Openeth wide ar Noomes

which the ehabitants ofthole Cowntries lay is aPlamt chav Sleepeth, There
be Sleepers enow then; For almoftiall Flewersdoe the likesn in! |
SomePlamsthereare, butrare, that haneia Mof7 or Downy Roots |
And likewife that haue a Number of Threds; like Beards; As ddandrakes;
whereof Hitches and Impoftours makean vgly smage,giuing ithe Forme
of a Paceat the Top of the Root, andleauc thofe Strings tomiake abroad |
Beard downe to the Foor, Alfo thereis a Kinde of NardyinCreet, (be2 |
ing Kinde of Pha) that hath a Reet hairy, like a ResghePasted-Dowes

foor,

ey

a

Century, VIL 153

foot. So as you may fee, there are of Roots, Bulbous Roots, Fibrons Roots,
and Hirfute Roots, And, [ take it, inthe Balbous,the Sap hafteneth moft
to the Aire, and Sunne : Ja the Fsbrous, the Sap delighteth more.in the
| Earth, and therefore putteth downward: And the Hir/uteis a Middle
| betweene both; That befides the Purting forth vpwards, and down-
wards, putteth forth in Round, a atie’ ,
There are fome Teares of Trees, which are kembed from the Beards of
Goats: For when the Goats biteand crep them, efpecially. in the Mor-
nings, the Dew being on, the Zeare commeth forth, and hangeth vpon.
their Beards : Of this Sortis fome kinde of Zadapum.,
The /rrigation of the Plaine-Tree by Wine,is reported by the Amcients,| 618
tomakeit Fruitfull, It would betried likewife with Roots; For vpon
| Seeds it worketh no great Effeas. 5
| The way to carry Forraine Roots,along Way, isto veffcllthemclofe | 619
in EarthenVefels. Bucifthe ¥efels be not very Great, you muft make
fome Holes in the Bottome, to giue fome Refrefhment to the Roots;
Which otherwife (as it {eemeth) will decay, and fuffucate,
The ancient Cianamon, was, of all other Plants, while it grew, the 620
Dryeft; And thofe Things,whichare knowne to comfort other Plants,
did make that more Srerill; For in Showers it prefpered worft:Ingrew
alfo amongft Bs/bes of other kindes, where commonly Plats doe not
thriue : Neither did it loue the Sunne: There might be one Gau/e of all
thofe Effects; Namely, the {paring Nourifhment,which that Plant re-
quired, Quare how farre CafZa, whichis now the Subftitute of Céwme-
mon, doth participate of thefe Things, ;
_Itis reported by.oneof the Ancients, that Cafta, when it is gathered, 621
is putinto the Skins of Bea/fs, newly fleyed; And that the Skiss Corrup-
ting, and Breeding Hormes, the Wormes doe deuoure the Pith and Mar-
rew of it,and fo make it Hollow ; But.medd!e not withthe Barke, be
caufe tothem itis bitter.
There were, in Ancient Time, ines, of farre greater Bodies, than we 622
koow any ; For there hauc beene Caps made. of them, and an Jmage of
Jupiter. But itis like they were Welde Ymes ; Por the Vines, that they vie
for Wine, are fo often Cut, and fo much Digged and Deeffed, that their
| Sap {pendeth into the Grapes, and fo the Stalke cannot increafe much in
Balke, The,Weod of V:pes is very durable, without Resting, And that
, ween is range, though no Tree hath the Twgs, while they are greene,
| fo brittle, yet the Wed dried is extreme Tough And was vfed by the
Captaines of Armics,amonght the Romans, for their Cudgels.
Itis reported, chatinfome Places,. Vines are fuffered, to, grow like 623
Heros, {preading vpon.the Groands And that the Grapes: of thofle Vines
are very grear, It were good to maketriall, whether, P/awts that vie co
bebornevp by Props, will.not,put.forth greater.Leawes, and greater
Fruits, ifthcy be laid along the Ground 5 As Hops, Imy, Wood-bime,; 82c,
|. Quinces, ox Apples, &c. 1f. youwill keepe themlong, drowne them} 624
in Honey ; But becaul: Hoaey (perhaps) will giugthem a Tafte Quer ;
ay! : Ow lufhious,

617

—E

SSeS he

| 154. | Nartrall Hiflory :

x ee

luthious, it were good to make Triall in Powder of Sagar , Or in Syrrap
of Wine onely Boyled to Height. Both thefe would likewife be tried in
Orenges, Limons, and Pomgranats ; Por the Powder of Sugar, and Syrrup
of Wine, will ferue for more times than once,

625 The Conferwation of Fruit would be alfo tried in ve/fels, filled with fine
Sand, ot with Powder of Chalke; Or in Meale and Flower ; Or in Daf? of
Oake-woed ; Or in MU,

626 Such Frwits,as you appoint for Lomg Keeping, you muft gather before
they be full Ripe; And im a Faire and Dry Day, towards Noone; And
when the Wiad bloweth not Sosth; And when the Moone is vnder the
Earth; And in Decresfe.

627 Take Grapes, and hang them in an Empty Ve/ell, well Stopped; And
fer the Vefell, not ina Cellar, but in fome dry Place; Anditis faid, they
willlaft long, Butitis reported by fome, they will keepe better, in a
Veffell balfe full of Wine, fo that the Grapes touch not the Wine,

628 It is reported, that the Pre/erwing of the Stalke, helveth to preferue
the Grape; Efpecially ifthe Sealke be put into the Pith of Elder, the Elder
not touching the Frwit.

629 It is reported by forne of the Ancients, that Frait put in Bottles, and
the Bottles let downe into Wells Vnder Water, will keepe long.

630 Of Herbs and Plants, fome are good toeatRaw; As Lettuce, Endine,

Purflawe, Tarragon, Creffe:, Cucumbers, Musk- Melons, Radifb, &=, Others
onely after they are Boyled, or haue Paffed the Fire; As Parley, Clary,
Sape, P arfnips, Tarpips, Afparagus, Artichoakes, (though they alfo bein
young areeaten Raw: ) Buta Number of Herbs, are not E/cwlent ar all;
As Worme-wood, Gralfe, Greene-Corne, Centory, Hyffope, Lawewder, Balme,
| &c. The Gavfes are,for that the Herbs, that are not E/eulest,do want the
two Tajfes, in which Nowrifbment refteth; Which are, Fat, and Sweet; |
And haue (contrariwife) Bitter and Oner-/lrong Taffes, or a layee fo
Crude, as cannot be ripened to the degree of Nowrifhment, Herbs and
| Plants, that ate E/cwlent Raw, haut Fatne(fe, or Sweetne/fe, (as all Efcu-
lent Frvits:) Such até Onions, Lettuce, &c. But then it muft bee fucha
Patne(fe, (fot as for Sweet Things, they are in effect alwaies Efculemt) as
is not Ouer-groffe, and Loading of the Stomach;For Par/nips and Leeks |
hatie Fatpeffe ; But itis too Groffe and Heauy without Boyling, It mutt |
be alfo if a Subftanee fomewhat Tender ; For we fee Wheat, Barley, Ar- |
tichoakes, aréno good Nowrifhment, vill they haue Pafled the Ferre; But |
the Fire doth ripen, and'maketh them foft and tender, and fo they be- |
come E/culent, As fot Radifh and Tarragow, and the like, they are for”
Condiments, and not for Nowrifbment. And euen fome of thofe Herbes, |
whieh are not E/éwlent, are notwith{tanding Poculens; As Hop's, Broome, |
&c, Qwere what Herbs are good for Drinke, befides the two atorena- |
tned ; For that it may (perhaps) eafe rhe Charge of Brewing, if they |
make Beeré to require leffe Mals, or make it laft longer, PEN f
| Parts fit for the Nowrifhment of Mam, in Plants, are Seeds, Roots, and |
| Fraits; But chicfly Seeds, and Roots, Fer Leawes, they give no Nowri/b-

j

3 sb a ‘ ment,

| (Century. VII. 155

|
mscat, acall, or very little: Nomore doe Flowers, or Bloffemés,or Stalkes.
The Reafon is, for that Roots, and Seeds, and Frwéts, (in as much as all
Plants confitt ofan Oyly and Watry Saé/iance commixed,) haue more of
the Oily Swbftance ; And Leaues, Flowers, &c, of the Watry, And fecond- |
ly, they are more Concacfed; For the Root, which conzinueth euer in the |

Earth, is till Concocfed by the Earth ; And Fraits, and Graines, (we fee) |
arehalfe a yeere, or more, in Concocfing ; VWhereas Leawes are out, and |
Perfect ina Moneth,

Plants (for the moft part) are more {trong, both in Za/fe, and Smell,
in the Seed, than in the Leafe,and Root, The Cane is, for thatin Plants, |
thatare norof a Fierce and Eager Spirit, the Vertue is increafed by |
Concoction,and Maturation,which is cuer moft in the Seed; But in Plants,
that are of a Fierce and Eager Spirit, they are ftronger whileft the Spi-
rit is enclofed in the Root;And the Spirits doc but weaken and diffipate,
when they come to the 4ére, and Sunane; Aswe fee it in Onions, Garlicke,
Dragon, &c, Nay there be Plants, thathaue their Roots very Hot, and
Aromaticall; And their Seeds rather Infipide; As Ginger. The Canfe is
(as was touched before,) for that the Heat of thofe Plants is very Diffi-
pable; which vnder the Earth is contained and held in; But when it
commeth to the Aire, itexhaleth.

The Juyces of Fruits are either Watry, or Oyly, I reckon amongft 633
the Watry, all the Frwits out of which Drinke is exprefied ; As the Grape,
the Apple, the Peare, the Cherry,the Pomgranate, &c. And there arefome
others, which, though they be not in vie for Drinke, yet they appeare to
be of the fame Nature; as Plursmes, Serwices, Mulberries, Rafps, Orenges,

Limons, 8c. And for thofe Imyces, that are fo flefhy; as they cannot
make Drinke by Expreflion, yet (perhaps) they may make Driake by
Mixture of Water ;

; Poculag. admi(tis imitantur vitea Sorbis.

And it may bee Heps and Brier- Berries would doe thé like, Thofe that
haue Oyly [uyee, are 5 Olives, Alrsonds, Nuts of ali forts, Pime- Apples, &c.
And their Zuyces are all Inflammable, And you muft obferue allo, that
fome of the Watry Juyces,after they haue gathered Spirit,will Burne and
Enflame; As Wine. There is a Third Kinde of Frat, that is (weet, with-
out either Sharpneffe or Oylineffe : Such as is tlie Fig, and the Date,

It hath beene noted, that moft Trees, and {pecially thofe that beare 634
Majft, are fruitfull but once in two yeeres. The Cau/e (no doubr) is, the
Expence of Sap ; For many Orchard-Trees, well Cultured, will beare di-
uers yeeres together,

There is ne Tree, which befides the Natural Frwit,doth beare fo ma- 635
ny Bafard- Fruits, as the Oake doth: Forbefides the Acorne, it beareth
Galls,Oake- Apples,and certaine Oske-Nuts,which are Inflammable; And
certaine Oske- Berries, fticking clofe to the Bedy of the Tree, without
Stalke, It beareth alfo As/feltoe, though rarely, The Cas/é of all thefe
may be, the Clofene/fe and Solideneffe of the Weed, and Pith of the Oake;

Which maketh feuerall Zayces finde feuerall Eruptions, And therefore,
03 if

632

na

at,

156 XK aturall History: rm |

~ a

| if you willdeuife to make any Swper-Plants, you mutt cuer giue the
Sap Plentifull Rifing, and Hard Iffue.

636 There are two Exere/cences which grow vpon Trees ; Both of them
in the Nature of Mu/bromes: The one the Romans called Boletus;W hich
growethvpon the Roots of Oakes; and was one of the Daénties of their
Table;The other is Medicinal, that is called Agaricke, (whereof we haue
fpoken before) which groweth vpon the Tops of Oates; Though it be
affirmed by fome, that it groweth alfo at the Roots. 1 doe conceiue, that
many Excrefcences of Trees grow chiefly, where the Tree is dead, or fa-
ded; For thar the Waterall Sap of the Tree, corrupteth into fome Preter-
saturall Subffancer.

637 The greater Part of Trees beare Moff, and Be/f, on the Lower Boughs ;
As Oakes, Figs, Wall-Nuts, Peares, &c, But fome beare Be/t on the Top-
Boughes ; As Crabs, &c, Thofe that beare beft below, are fuch, as Shade
doth more good to,than Hurt. For generaily al! Fraits beare beft low-
eft; Becaufe the Sap tireth not,hauiag buta fhort Way: And therefore
in Fruits {pred vpon Walls, the Loweft are the Greateft,as was formerly
{aid ; Soitis the Shade that hindereth the Lower Bonghes ; Except it be

| in fuch Trees,as delight in Shade; Or at leaft beare it well, And therefore,
they are cither Strong Trees,as the Oake ; Or elfe they haue large Zeames,
as the Wallnnt and Fig; Or elfe they grow in Pyramis, as the Peare, But
ifthey require very much Sanne, they beare befton the Zep; As itisin
Crabs, Apples, Plums,8cc.

638 There be Trees that beare beft when they begin to be Old; As Al-
monds,Peares Vines and all Trees that giue Maff, The Caw/e is, for that all
Trees that beare Maff haue an Oyly Fruit, And Young Treeshaue a more
Watry Iuyce, and lefle Concogted ; And of the fame kinde alfo is the Al-
mond, The Pegre likewife, though it be not Osly, yet it requireth much
Sap, and well Concoéted ; For we fee it is a Heauy Frait, and Solid ;
Much more than Apples, Plummes, &c. As for the Pine, it is noted, that
it beareth more Grapes when it is Young; But Grapes that make better
Wine, when itis Old; Forthat the Juyce is better Concogted: And wee
fee that Wine is Inflammable; Soas ithath akinde of Oplinefe, But the

moft Part of Trees, amongft which are Apples, Pluwsmes, 8c, beare beft

| when they are Young.

639 There be Plamts, that haue a Milke in them, when they are Cut; As
Figs, Old Lettuce, Sow-Thiftles, Spurge, 8c. The Cawfe may bean Imcepti-
on of Putrefaction ; For thofe Mélkes haue allan Acrimony; though one
weuld thinke they fhould be Lenitive. For if you write vpon Paper,with
the Milke of the Fig, the Letters will not be feene, vneill you hold the
Paper before the Fire,and then they wax Browne; Which fheweth that
it is a Sharpe or Fretting Juyce : Lettwceis thought Poyfonous, when it
is fo Old, as to haue Milke; Spurge isa kinde of Poyfon in it Selfe; And
as for Sow-Thiftles, though Coneyes eat them, yet Sheepe and Cattell
will not touch them; And befides the Ati/ke of them, rubbed vpon
Watts, in fhortcime, weareth them away: Which fheweth the —_

©

Century. VII.

{$7

of them to be Corrofine. We fee alfo, that Wheat, and other Corne fowen,

if you take them forth of the Grownd, before they fprout, are full of

Milke; And the Beginning of Germination is cuct a Kinde of Putrefaci-

onof the Seed. Enpherbium alfo hath a Milke, though not very white,

whichis of a great Acrimony. And Saladine hatha yellow Milke, which

hath likewife much Acrimomy; For it cleanfeth the Eyes. Itis good alfo
for Cataracts,

Mufhromes arereported to grow, as well vpon the. Bodies of Trees,

as vpon their Rests, or vpon the Earth ; And efpecially vpon the Oake.

| The Caw/e is, for that Strong Trees, are towards fuch Excrefcences, in

640

the Nature of Earth; And therefore Put forth Asoffe, Mufbromes, and
the like.
There is hardly found a Plant, that yeeldeth a Red Juyce, in the Blade,
| or Eare; Except itbe the Tree thatbeareth Saueuis Draconis: Which
| groweth (chiefly) in the Jflawd Soquotra: The Herbe Amaranthus (in.
| deed,) is Redalloucr; And Brafil is RedintheWood: And {fo is Red
| Sanders. That Tree of the Sanguis Draconis, growcth in the forme of a
Sagar-loafe, Iislike, that the Sap of that Plant, concoceth in the Body
of che Zree. For we fee that Grapes,and Pomegranats, are Red inthe luyce,
but are Greene in the Zeare : And this maketh the Tree of Sangwis Draco-
nis, \effer towards the Top; Becaufe the Juyce hafteneth not vp; And be-
fides it is very A/frimgent ; And thereforeof Slow Motion.

It is reported, that Sweet Moffe, befides that vpon the 4pple-Trees,
growcth likewife (fometimes) vpon Poplars; And yet (generally) the’
Poplar is a Smooth Tree of Barke, and hath little Mof/e. The Moff of the
Larix Tree burneth alfo Sweet, and fparkleth in the Burning, Quare of
the Moffesof Odorate Trees; As Cedar, Cypres, Lignums Aloes, &c. |

The Death thar is mott without Paine, hath beene noted to be, vpon ,
the Taking of the Potion of Hemlockeswhich in Humanity was the Forme
of Execution of Capitall Offendersin Athens. The Poyfon of the Ajpe,that
Cleopatra vied, hath fome affinity with it. The Casfe is, for that the Tor-
ments ot Death are chiefly raifed by the Strife of the Spirits; And thefe
Vapours quench the Spirits by Degrees; Like to the Death of an extreme
Old Man, I conceiue it is leffe Painfull than Opium, becaufe Opium bath
Parts of Heat mixed.

There be frais, charare Sweet before they be Ripe; As Mérabolanes ; 644
So Fensell-Seeds ave Sweet before they ripen, and after grow Spicie.

And fome neuer Rapes to be Sweet; As Tamarinds, Berberrics, Crabs, '
Sloes, Sc, The Caafe is, for that the former Kinde haue much and fub-
till Heat, which canfeth Earely Sweetneffe ; The latter hauea Cold and
Acide Inyce,which 30 Heat of the Sunpe can feeten, But as for the 4-
rabolave, it hath Parts of Contrary Natures; For it is Sweet, and yet
Aftringent.

There be few Herbes that haue a Salt Tafte; And contrariwife all 645 |

641

642

643

Blowd of Lining Creatures hatha Saltneffe: The Caufe may be, tor that
Salt, though it be the Rudiment of Life, yecin Plants the Original Ta/te

remaineth
FF 5

Soe ee ae oe

646

647

Natarall Fiflory :

|

remaineth not; For you fhall haue them Bitter, Sowre, Sweet, Biting,brit |

feldome Salt: But in Living Creatures, all thofe High Ta/tes may happen
to be (fometimes) in the Hamours, but arefeldome in the Fle(b, or Sub-
france; Becaufeitis of a more Oily Natare; which is not very Sufceptible
ofthofe Ta/fes; And the Salsne/fe it felfe of Bloud, is buta light, and fe-
cret Salene(fe: And euenamong P/ants, {omedoc participate of Salineffe,
as Alga Marina, Sampire, Scoruy-Graf/e, &c. And they report,there is, in
fome of the Indian-Seas, a Swimming Plant, which they call Salgazus,
fpreading ouer the Sea, in fuch fort, as one would thinke it were a Mea-
dow. Itiscertaine, that out of the Ajbes ofall Plants, they extraka Salt,
which they vie in Medicines,

It is reported by one of the Ancients, that there is an Herb growing in
the Water, called Lincoi#is, which is full of Prickles : This Herbe putteth
forth another {imall Herbe out of the Leafe; which is imputed to fome
Moifture, that is gathered betweene the Prickles, which Putrified by the
Sunne, Germinateth, But[ remember alfo I haue feenc, for a great Ra-
rity, one Rofe grow out of another, like Honey-Suckles, that they call Top
aad Top-gallants.

Barley, (as appeareth in the Malting, ) being fteeped in Water three
dayes, and afterwards the Water drained from it, and the Barley turned
vpon a drie floare, will fprout, halfe an Inch long at leaft: And if it be
let alone, and nor turned, much more ; vntillthe Heart be out. Wheat
willdoe the fame. Try italfo with Pea/e, and Beawes. This Experiment is
notlike that of the Orpis, and Semper-Vine ; For there itis of the old
Store, for no Water is added; But here it is nourifhed from the Water.
The Experiment would be further driven: For it appearcth alreadie, by
that which hath beene faid,that Earth is not neceflary to the firft Sprou-
ting of Plants; And we fee that Rofe-Buds {er in Water,will Blow: There-
fore try whether the Sprowts of {uch Graines may not be raifed toa fure
ther Degree; As to an Herbe,or Flower, with Water only;Or fome {mall
Commixture, of Earth : For if they will, it fhould feeme by the Experi-
ments before, both of the Malt, and ofthe Refs, thar they will come far
fafter on in Water, than in Earth: For the Nowrifbment is eafilier drawne
out of Water, than out of Earth, It may giue fome light alfo, that Drinke
infufed with Fle/b,as that with the Capom,&c.will nourifh fafter and eak-
lier,than Meat and Drinke together. Try the fame Experiment with Roots,
as wellas with Graines : as for Example, take a Turmp, and fteepe it a
while, and then dry it,and fee whether it will {prout,

Malt in the Drenching will fwell; And that in fucha manner, as after
the Putting forth in Sprouts, and the drying vpon theKeele, there will
be gained at leafta Bufhellin eight, and yetthe Sprouts are rubbed

off; And there will be a Buthell of Duff befides the Malt : Which I fup-
pofe to be, not only by the loofe, and open Laying of the Parts, but by
fome Addition of Swbfance, drawne from the Pyater, in which it was
fteeped,

Malt gathereth a Sweetne(fe to the Za/le, which appeareth yet more

in

|
|

eS ee ee

in the Wort, The Dulcoration of Things is worthy to be tried core full; |
For that Dalcoration importeth a degree to Nourifhment : And the Mas |
king of Things Inalimentall, to become Alimentall, may be an Experiment |
of great Profit, for Making new Hiwall,

Moft Seeds in the Growing, leaue their Huske or Rinde abour the Root:
But the Onion will carry it vp, that it will be likea Cap vpon the Fop of
the Young Onion. The Caufé may be, for that the Skin or Huske isnot eafic |
tobreake; As we fee by the Pilling of Onions, what a Holding Sabjlance
the Skinis,

~ Plants, that haue Carled Leaunes, doe all abound with Afei/ure;Which
commeth fo faft on, as they cannot fpread themfelues Plaine, but moft
needs gather together. The Weakeft Kinde of Curling is Roaghefeo ;
Asin Clary, and Burre. The Second is Curling on the Sides ; As m Lets
tuce, and Towng Cabbage: And the Thirdis Folding into an Head, Asin
Cabbage tull growne, and Cabbage- Lettuce, |
Itis reported, that Firre, and Pine, efpécially if they be Old and Patri
4, though they fhine nor, as fome Rottes Weeds doc, yet in the fudden
Breaking they will fparkle like Hard Sugar.

The Roots of Trees doe (fome of them,) put downwards deepe into
the Ground; As the Oake, Pine, Firre, &c, Some {pread moretowards

| the Surface of the Earth; As che A/b, Cypreffe-Tree, Olive, &c. THe Cawfe

of this latter may be, for that fuch Trees as louc the S#ane, doe not wil-
linply defcend farte into the Earth ; And therefore they are (common-
ly) Trees, that (hoot vp much ; For in their Body, their defire of Ap-
proach to he Saane,makéth them fpread the leffe. And the fame Rea-
fon ,vndér Growsd,to auoid Receffe from the Swane,maketh them {pread
the more. And we fee it commeth to pafle in fome Trees, which haue
héene planted tod deepe in the Groand, that for loue of Approach to
the Sanne, they forfake their firft Root, and put out another more to-
wards the Top of the Earth, And wefee alfo, that the Olzwe is full of
Oily Iuyce, And A/h maketh the bft Fire; And Cypre(els an Hot Tree, As
for the Oake, which is of the former fort, it loueth the Earth; And therc-

| fore growethflowly. And for the Pine, and Firrelikewife, they haue fo

much Heat ii themfelues, as they need leffle the Heat of the Sanne, There
be Herbs alfo, that bate the fame difference; As the Herbe they call More

fies Diaboli ; Which putteth the Root downe fo low, as you cannot pull

it vp without Breaking ; Which gaue Occafion to the Name, and Fable ;
For that ic was faid, it was fowholefome a Root, that the Deaill, when it
Was gathered, ‘bit it for Eawy: And fome of the Ascients doercport,
thatthere was a Goodly Fére, (which they defired to remoue whole,)
thathada Rost vadet Groswdcight Cubits deepce; And fo the Root came
vp brdkens |
Ithathbeene obferued, that a Branch of aTree, being Vabarkedfome

fpace at the Bottome,and fo fer into the Groand, hath growen; Buen of
{uch Trees, as if the Braneh were fet with the Barke on, they would not
grow, yercontrariwife we fee;that a Tree Pared round in the ge fee]

ee Ground, |

omens = — a

7 (century. Vii. intent |

159

651

CA

653

654

52

{
4
) gers Se

160 Natural History:

6

| RN SS See ee ee Spee SO
Ground, willdie, The Caufe may be, for that the Vabarkt Part draweth
the Nourifhment beft, but the Barke continueth it only,

655 Grapes will continue Fre/h, and Moz/?, all VWVinter Jong, it you hang
them, Claffer by Cla/fer, in the Roofe of a Warme Roome; Efpecially, if
when you gather the Clw/fer, you take off with the Clu/fer fome of the
Stocker, :

656 The Reed ot Cane isa Watry Plant, and groweth not but in the Water;
It hath thefe Properties; Thatitis Hodow; That it is Knwckled both
Stalke, and Root; That being Drie, it is more Hard and Fragile, than
other Wood; That it putteth forth no Bowghes, though many Stalkes
come out of one Root. It differeth much in Greatnefle; The fmalleft
being fit for Thatching of Houfes; And Stopping the Chinkes of
Ships; Better than Glew, or Pitch. The Second Bigneffe, is vfed for
Angle-Rods,and Staues; And in Chinafor beating of Offenders vp=
onthe Thighes. Thediffering Kisdes of them are; The Common Reed ;

| The Ca/ita Fiftwla; And the Sugar-Reed. Of all Plawts, it boweththe
eafieft, and rifeth againe, Itfeemeth, that amongft Plaats, which are
nourifhed with Méxture of Earth and Water, it draweth moft Nourifh-

ment from Water; which maketh it the Swsootheft of all others in Barkes |

And the Holloweft in Bodie.

657 The Sap of Trees,when they are let Bloud,is of differing Natares.Some

more Watry and Cleare; As thatof Viness of Beeches; of Peares, Some

Thicke ; As Apples. Some Gurmmie ; As Cherries. Some Freathy, As Elwes, |

Some Milkie; As Figs. In Malberries, the Sap feemeth to be (almoft) to-
wards the Barke only ; For if youcut the Zree, a little into the Barke,
with a Stone, it will come forth; Ifyou pierce it deeper with a Todle, it
willbe drie, The Trees, which haue the Moi/fe/f Juyces in their Fras, haue
commonly the Moiffeft Sap in their Bedy ; For the Pines and Peares are
very Moift Apples fomewhat more Spongie : The Mélkeof the Figge hath
the Qualitie of the Renwet,co gather Chee/e: And fo haue certaine Sowre

Herbes wherewithithey make Cheefe in Lent.
658 The Timber and Wood are, in fome Trees, more Cleane, in fome more
Keottie: And it isa good Trial], to trie it by Speaking atone End, and
LayingtheEareat the Other: For if itbe Knettie, the Voyce will not
paffe well. Some haue the Veimes more varied, and chamlotted; As
Oake, whereof Wainfcot is made; Maple, whereot Trenchers are made:
Somemore {mooth, as Firre, and Walnut : Some doe more eafily breed
Wormes and Spiders ; Some more hardly, as itis faid of Jrzfo Trees: Be-
fides, there bea Number of Differences that concerne their Vie; As
‘Oake, Cedar,and Chefnut,are the beft Builders : Some are beft for Plough-
‘Timber; As Afb: Some tor Peeres, that are fometimes wet, and fome-
times dric; As Elme: Some for Planchers; As Deale : Some for Tables,
| Cupboards,and Deskes; As Walnuts : Some for Ship-Timber ; As Oakes that
grow in Moift Grounds ; For that maketh the Timber Tough; and not apt
to rift with Ordsance; VVherein Englifh and Irifh Timber are tho she to
excell: Some for Mafts of Ships As Firres and Pine, becaufe 2 ae]

ength, |

.
bs
4

oe

a)

> ee Pha 6 da ot. 4 et Bee

t

ssa sit

oleae...

PANELED S LS FRIES opts

?

- Century, VII.

Length, Srraightneff,and Lightnefle: Some for J Pale AsOakes Some
for Fuel; As Afb: And fo ofthereft,
The Comming of Trees and Plants in certaine asia and notino-
thers, is fometimes Ca/wall : For many haue beene tranflared, and haue
| | profpered well; As Damaske- Rofes,that haue not beene knowne in Eng-
jane abouean hundred yeares,and now are focommon, But the liking |
| of Plants in certaive Soéles;more thanin others, is meerely Naturals As |
the Férre and Pise love the aensntaines; The Poplar, Willow, Sallow, ‘and
| Alder, louc Riuers,and Most Places: The Afh loucth Coppices; But is bet
| in Standards alone: Juniper loucth Chalke And {0 doe mokt Fruit-Trees :
| Sampire g groweth butvpon Rockes : Reeds and Ofiers. grow where ahay
| are wathed with Water : The Vine loucth Sides of era 4 vpon the
| South. Eaft Sunne, &c.
| The Putting forth of certaine Herbes difcouereth of what hiseas the
| Ground where they put forth, is: As wilde Thyme {heweth good Feeding |
| Ground for Cattell: Betony and Strawberries thew Grounds fit for W ood;
| Camomill (heweth Mellow Grownds fit for Wheat, MuStard Seed, grow-
ing after the Plongh, fhewetha good Strong Ground alfo for Wheat: Bur-
| wet theweth good Meadow : And the like.

There are found, in diuers Countries, fome other Plants, that grow
out of Treesand Plants, befides Miffeltoes As in Syria, there is an Herbe
called Ca//ytas,that groweth out of tall Zrees, and windeth it felfe about
the fame Tree where it groweth ; And famctimes about Thornes. There
is akinde of Polppode, that groweth ouref Trees,though it windeth not.
So likewife an Herbe called Fawnos, vpon the Wilde Okwe. And an Herbe
called Aippophsfton vpon the Fullers rhorae' Which, they fay, is good
forthe Fallsng-Sickne/fe,

It hath beene obferued, by fome ofthe Ancients, thathowfoeuer Cold
and Eafferly Winds, are thought to be great Enemies to Fruit ; yet ne-
uerthelefle South-Winds are alfo found to doe Hurts: Efpecially in the
Bloffoming time ; And the more, if Showers follow. Itfeemeth, they call
forth the ‘Moiure too faft, The We/f-Winds are the beft. It hath beene_
obferued alfo chat Greene and Opem Winters doc burt Trees; In fo much as
if two or three fuch Wiaters:come together, AlrashdeTrees, and fomeo-
ther Trees, willdye, The Casfe is the famewith the former, becaufe the
Lait of the Earth oner{pendeth it felfe ; Howfocucr fome other a the
Ancients haue commended Warme Winters,

Snewes,lying long, caule a Fruitfull Yeare: For firf,they Leet i inthe
Strength of che Earths Secondly, they water the Earth, better than Raines |
Porin Snow, the Earth doth (as it were)\fucke the Water,as out of the |
Teste, Thirdlyy the Moiffare of Snow is the fine AMbifiares For itis the |
Froth of the Cleudy Waterss |

Showers, iSthey come little before rhe Ripeningof Bruits, doe mea |
roall Succulentanid Moiff Rraits; As Vines, Olises,°? omegranatess Yer |
itis rather for Plentie, than for Goodnefie ; For the beft Wimesarein | |
che Drielt vintages :) Smalk Showers arclikewife good for Cerne, fo as

Parching |

|

161

ees

659

660

661

662

663

664

| Te ete.

162
665
f
666
667
Ss
1
| 668
669

N atirall History:

Parching Heats come not vpon them, Generally, Vight Showers arc bet-
ter than Day-Showers ; For that the Sasme followeth not fo faftvpon
them: And wee fee, eucn in Watring by.theHand, 1c is beft, in Summer
time, to water in the Enening,

The Differences of Earths, and the Trial of them, are worthy to be di-
ligently inquired, The Earth, that with Showers doth eafilieft Soften, is
commended ; And yet fome Earth of that kinde will be very Dry, and
Hard before the Showers, The Earth that cafteth vp from the Plough, a
Great Cled, is not fo good, as that which cafteth vpa Smaller C/sd. The
Earth, chat putteth forth Moffe cafily, and may be called Mosldy, is not
good. The Earth, that {melleth well vponthe Digging, or Plowing, is
commended ; As containing the Jayce of Vegetables almoft already pre-
pared, It is thought by fome, that the Ends of low Raine-Bowes, fall
more vpon one kinde of Earth than vpon another: As it may well be; |
For that that Zarth is moft Rofcide: And rherefore it is commended
for a Signe of good Barth, The Pooreneffe of the Herbs, ( it is plaine,) |
thew the Poorene/fe of the Earth;And efpecially if they be in Colowr more
darke; But if the Herbs (hew Withered, or Blaffed at the Top,itfheweth
the Earth to be very Cold: And fo doth the Moffimeffe of Trees. The Earth,
whereof the Grafé isfoone Parched with the Sunne, and Toaffed, iscom- | -
monly forced Earth, and Barren in his owne Nature, The Tender,Che/- |
| fome, and Mellow Earth, is the beft; Being meere Afosld, betweene the
‘two Extremes of Clay, and Samd ; E{pecially if it be not Loamy,and Bin-
ding, The Earth, thar after Raine, will{carce be Plowed, is commonly
Fruitful ; For itis Cleawing, and full of Jayee,

It is ftrange,which is obferued by fome of the Amcients,that Daft hel-
peth the Fruitfulnefe of Trees ; And of Vines, by name; In fo muchas
they caft Duft vpon them of purpofe. Itfhou'd feeme, that that Pow-
dringy when:a Shower commeth, maketh a kinde of Soyling to the
Tree, being Earth and Water,finely laid on, And they note, that Couns |
tries, where the Fields and Wages are Dusty, beare the belt Fines, - |

Iris commended by the Ancients, for an Excellent Helpe toTrees, to
lay the Stalkes and’ Leawes of Lupines about the Rests} Or to Plow
them into the Growad, where you will fowe:Cornme, The Barmitg alfo
of the Cuttinys of Vines,and Cajting them vpon land, doth much Good.
And it was generally received of old,that the Damging of Groands,when
the Weft wind bloweth, and inthe Decreafé of the Meone, doth greatly
helpes The £arth (asitfeemeth) being chen more thirftie, and open, 10
receilic the Dung. ‘ 331 *% wat

The Grafting of Vines vpon Pines, (as I takeit,) is not now in vie: The
Ancientshad it, andthat threewayes : The Fir was'Ja/ition, which is
the Ordinary Manner of Grafting : The Second was Terebration,thorow
the Middle of the Stocke,and Putting in the Ciows there: And the Third
was Paring of rwoVines, that grow cogether;ro the Marrew, and Bin-
dinechenyclofe. 9! ;

The ifeafes and ill Accidents of Cornes are. worthy tobrenquited F |

1% n

ne

Century. VIL.

And would be more worthy tobe enquired, ifit were in Metis Power to
helpe them; Whereas many ofthem‘are not to be remedied. The Mil-
dew is oneof the Greareft ; which (out of queltion) commeth by Clofe-
weffe of Aire; And therefore in Arlls;or large Champargne Grounds, it {el-

died, othetwifethan thatin Countries of Small Enclofure; the 'Groands

eafe is the Saticty of the Ground; For it youfow one Grownd fill with
the fame Corse, (Imeane not the fame Corre that grew vpon-the fame
Groand,) but the fame Kinde of Graine; (As Wheat, Barley, 8c.) it ‘will
profper bur poorely: Therefore befides the Refling of the Growad, you
mutt vary the Seed, Anotherill Accident is, from the Winds, which hurt
at two times; At the Flowring, by Shaking off the Flowers ; And at the
full Ripening, by Shaking ourthe Corme. Another ill Accident is, Drouth,
at the Spssdling of the Carne; VWhich.with vs is rare; But in Hotter
Countyies, conmmon : Infomach as the Word, Calamitas, was firft deri-
ued from Calamus, when the Corse could not get out of the Stalke, An-
other ill Accident 1s, Ower-wet at Sowing-Time; which withvs breedeth
much Dearth ; Infomuchas the Corse neuer commeth vp ; And (many

ter-Corne. Another ill Accident is Bétter Frofts,continued, without Snow;
Efpecially in the Beginning of the Winter, after the Seed is new Sowen.
Another Di/ea/e is Wormes ; which fometimes breed in thé Root, and
happen vpon Hor Swanes, and Showers, immediately after the sowing ;
And anothet Worme breedeth in the Eare it Selfe ; Efpecially when Hoe
Sunnes breake often out of Cloads, Another Difeafeis Weeds ; And they
are fuch, as either Choake, and Quer-(hadow the Corne, and beare it
downe; Or ftatue the Corae, and deceue it of Nourifhment. Another
Difeafe is, Ouer-Ranckneffe of the Corne; Which they vfe to remedy,by
Mowing it after it is come vp; Or putting Sheepe into it. Another ill
Accident is Laying of Corne with ercat Raines, neate, ot ia Harwe/t, Ano-
ther ill Accedent is; if the Seed happen to have touched Oyle, or any
Thing, thacis Fat; Por thofe Swbjtasceshaue ati Antipathy with Now-
rilbosent of Water, LVAD LENG

The Remedies of the Di/eafes of Corne haue beene obferued as fol-
loweth, The Steepiag of the Graige, before Sowing, alittle time in Wine,
is thonght a Prefersative: The Mingling of Seed-Corne with Afbes, is
thought to be good: The Sowing at the Wane of the Moone, is thought
te make thé Corne found : It hath nor beene pra&ifed, but it is thought
to bee of vie, tomakefome Mi/cellewe in Corné; As if you fow a tew
Beanes with Wheat,yout Wheat willbe the better.It hath beeneobferued,
, thatthe Sowrng of Corne with Hoaflecke, doth good, Though Graine,that
| i -~ toucheth

dome commeth; Suchas is with vs York’s Woald. This cannot be reme- |

times) they are forced torefow Sommer-Corne, where they fowed Wis-

beturned into larger Fields: Which I haue knowne to dée good ih |
fome Farmes. Another Difea/e is the Putting forth of Wilde Outi, where-
into Corve oftentimes, (efpecially Barley) doth degenerate, “It happe- |
neth chiefly from the breakse/fe of the Graine that is fowne 3 For ifir be.
either too Old, or Mouldy, it will bring forth Wildeoats; Another Dit |

—

| 164.
671
|

674
675

Naturall Hiflory :

toucheth Ove, or Fat, receiueth hurt, yet the Seeeping of it, in the Dregs
of Oile, when it beginneth to Purrifie, (which they call Ammréa,) is
thought to affure it again Wormes, Icis reported alfo, that if Cores
be Mowed, it willmakethe Graine Longer, but Emptier, and hauing
Moreof the Huske,

It hath beene noted, that Seed of a yeere old, is the Beft; And of
two or three yeeres is Worfe; And that which is more Old, is quire Bar-
ren; Though (no doubr) fome Seeds and Graines laft better than others,
The Corne, which in the Vapning l.eth lowelt; is the beft; And the Corne,
which broken or bitten retaineth a little Yellowme/fe, is better than thar
whichis very White,

It hath beene obferued, that of all Rots of Herbs, the Reot of Sorrell
goeth the furtheft into the Earth; Infomuch as it hath beene knowne to
goe three Cubits deepe; And that itis the Reot that continueth fit (lon-
gett) tobe fet againe, of any Root that groweth., Ie isa Cold and Acide

Herbe, that (as ir feemeth) loucth the Earth, and is not muchdrawne by

the Sanne. °

Ithath beene obferued, that fome Herbs like beft, being watred with
Salt-water; As Radifh, Beet, Rew, Pesnyroyall ; This Triall would beex-
tended to fome other Herbs 5 Efpecially fuch asare Strong; As Tarra-
gon, Muftard-Seed, Rocket, and the like,

It is ftrange that is generally receiued, how fome Peyfoneue Bea/ts
affe& Oderate and Whelefome Herbs; As that the Snake loueth Fesnell;
That the Toad willbe much vnder Sage; T hat Frogs will be in Cinguefesle,
It may be, itis rather the Shade, or other Couerture, that they take li-
king in, than the Vertue of the Herbe.

Itwerea Matter of great Profit, (faue that I doubt it is too Conie-
Gurall to venture vpon,) ifone could difcerne, what Corme, Herbs, or
Fruits,are lke to be in Plenty,or Scarcity, by fome Sigwes and Pregnofticks,
in the Beginning ofthe Yeere: For as for thofe, thatare like to becia
Plenty, they may be bargained for, vpon the Grewnd ; As the Old Rela-
tion was of Thales ; who ro thew how eafic it was for a Philofopher to be
rich,when he fore-faw a great Plenty of Olives, madea Monepoly of them,
And for Scarcity, Men may make Profit in keeping better the old Store.
Long Continuance of Snow is belecued to makea Frwit/wll Yeere of Core:
An Early Winter, or avery LateWinter, a Barren Ycere of Cerne: An O-
pen and Serene Wipter,an ill Yeere of Frat : Thefe we haue partly tou-
ched before: Butother Progneflickes of like Nature are diligently to be
enquired,

There feeme to be, in fome Plants, Singalaritzes, wherein they differ
from all Other; The Ofine hath the Oily Part,only on the Out fide; VWher-
a$ all other Frwits haue icin the Nwt, or Kernel, The Firre hath (in ef-
fe&:) no Stone, Nwt,nor Kernel; Except you will, count the little Graines
Kernels, The Pomegranate and Pine- Apple haue onely, amongtt Fraiés,
Graines diftin in feuerall Cells, No Herbs haue Curled Leawes, but Cab-
bage, ard Cabbage- Lettuce, Nonc haue double Leawes, onc belonging to

the

165

(Century. VAS. |

See ee rr 3)
the Stalke, another to the Fruit or Seed, but the Artichoake : No Flower |
hath that kinde of Spread that the Woodbine hath, This may be a large
Field of Contemplation ; For it theweth thacimthe Franse of Nature,
there is, in the Producing of fome Species, a Compofition of of M steer,
which happeneth oft, and may be much diuerfified : In othets, fuchas |
happenteth rare! ly, and admitteth lictle Varicty; For fo it is. likewife in
Beaffs : Dogs tratuc a Refemblance with Wolues, and Foxes; Hor/es with |
Affes, Kine with Buafles; Hares with Contes; &c. And foin Birds: Kites
andKefirels haue a Refemblance with Hawkes; Common-—Dowes with
Rine-Dowes, aid Turtles; Black=Birds with Torafbes and Mauijfes.; Crowes
with Raaens, Dawes,and ‘Chowehes, Sci Bat Elephants,and Swine amongtt
Beajtss And the Bird of Parads/e, and the Peacocke amongtt- Birds; And
fomefew others; haue {carce any other Species, that haue Affinity with | |
them.

“Wee leattethe De/cription of Plants, and their Vertues, to

Herballs, a: id other like Bookes of Naturiall Hi iffory : Wherein

Mens diligence bath beene great, eucn to Curiofity: For our

| Experiments are only fuch,as doc euer afcenda Degree,tothe
Deriving of Catfes, and Extraéting of Axiomes, which, wee

are hot ignoraat, bur that fume, both of the Ancient, aiid Mo-

derne Writers, haue allo laboured ; But their (aujes, ‘and Axi-

emes, are {0 full of Imagination, and {o infected with theold
Riceiued Theories, as they ate mecre [#quinations = Exper deter
ence, and Concoctit nor.

SS

T hath beene obferued, by fome of the Ancients, thar Skins, (efpeci- Experiment

ally of Rams,) newly pulied off, and applied to the Wounds of Stripes, | sine Digine |
doe keepe them from Swelling ,and Exulcetating ; And likewile Heale | of Wounds.
them,and Clofe them vp; And thatthe Whites of Egs doe thefame.The | 677
Caufe, is a Temperate Conglutination; For beth Bodies are Clammy, and |
Vifeous, and doce bridle the Deflux of Humours to the Hurts, wictiete |

Penning them in too much,

Flefb, and cutit into Peeces, and put the Peeces intoa Gla//ecoue- anon Mt diffe

red with Parchment; And fo let the Glaffe ftand fix or feuen Houres in fed in Fiefh.
Bosline water. Ic tay ibean Experiment ot Profit, for Making of Fat, or l! 678
Greafe for many: {es 3 Butthen it muttbe of fuch Plefh as is not Edible; |
As Horfes, Dogs, Beares, Foxes, peed 8c.

2 Ne may turne (almoft) all Fle into a Fatty Subflance, if you take Experiment

Solitary cou-
well ftopped,and the 72//éls let downe into che Ses, will accelerate | cpihg Ripening

very much, the Makitig of them Ripe and cha The famewould be | gtDreee before
tried in Wort, ; 2
P2 e Beafts | 79

oe

i. reported by one of the dncicaea at New Wine, put into Feels ‘Experiment

166 | Naturall EHiflory:
Sie ae. Bain more Hairy than Men; And Sauage Méw more than Cinill;
ching Pilojiry And the Plumage of Birds exceedeth the Pilofity of Beafts. The Canfe
and Plumage. | @f the Smoothneffe in Men, is not any Abundance of Heat,and Moifture,
680 though that indeed caufeth Pilofity;But there is requifite to Pilofity, not
fo much Heat and Meifture, as Excrementitiows Heat and Moifture: ( For
whatfoeuer affimilateth, goeth not into the Haire: ) And Excrementi-
tious Moifture aboundeth moft in Bea/'s, and A¢en that aremore Sauage,
Much the fame Reafon is there of the Plumage of Birds; For Birds afli-
milate leffe, and excerne more than Bea/fs : For their Excrements ate
euer liquid, and their F/ef (generally) more dry: Befides, they haue
not Jnftruments for Vrine; And foall the Excrementitious Moiftwre goeth
into the Feathers : And therefore it is no Maruell, though Birds bee
commonly better Meat than Beaffs, becaufe their Fle/b doth affimilate
more finely,and fecerneth more fubtilly. Agaige, the Head of Maz hath
Hairevpon the firff Birth, which no other Part of the Body hath, The
Caufe may be Want of Per/iration : For Much of the Matter of Haire, in
the other Parts of the Bedy, goeth forth by Infenfible Per/piration; And
befides, the Skwl being of a more folid Subftance, nourifheth and af-
fimilateth leffe, and excerneth more: And fo likewife doth the Chinne;
| We fecalfo that Hafre commeth not vpon the Palmes of the Hands, nor
| Soales of the Feet; Which are Parts more Perfpirable. And Children
likewife are not Hairy, for that their Skins are more Per/pirable,
ree pene B“ are of Swifter Motion than Beaffs : For the Flight of many Birds
Secie is Swifter,than the Race of any Bea/ts. The Cau/e is, tor that the Spé-
Quicknefeof rits in Birds, arein greater Proportion, in comparifon of the Bulke of
ge their Body, than in Beaffs : For as for the Reafon that fome gine, that
681 they are partly Carried, whereas Bea/s goc, that is Nothing ; Forby
| that Reafon Swimming fhould be fwifter, than Running: And that
Kinde ofCarriage alfo, is not without Labour of the Wing.
Experiment He Sea is Cleerer, when the Nerth-wind bloweth, than when the
how the diffe South-wind, The Caufe is, for that Salt-water hath a little Oilime/fe
rencéleerenefé_ | in the Surface thereof; As appeareth in very Hot daies: And againe,tor
ofr See that the Southerne Wind relaxcth the Water fomewhat; As no Water
682 Boyling is fo Cleere as Cold Water,
Experiment, PCVre burneth Wood, making itfirft Lumsimens ; Then Blacke and Brit-
© Lag ae Fi And laftly, Brokew and Incinerate: Scalding Water doth none of

ching the diffe-
rent Heais of

Fire and Boiling

Wate.

683

thefe. The Cau/e is for that by Fire, the Spirit of the Body is firlt Refined,
then Emvitted, VWWherof the Refining,or Attenuation caufeth the Lights
And the Emifion, firtt the Fragility, and after the Dr/folution into Ahes :

i te TT
-, ae . - ee Cee = ‘ ee aN , =~

Neither doth any other Body enter: But in Waser ce Spirst of the Body |

is not Refined fo much ; And befides Part of the Water entreth; VVhich |

doth increafe the Spirit, and in a degree extinguith it: Therefore we fee
that }

| Century. VIL.

thar Hot Waser'will quench Fire, And againe wee fee, that in. Bodies,

| whereio the Méasendoth not much enter, bur only the Heat palleth, Hot
| Water worketh the Effects of Fire: Asin Eeges Boyled; and Roaffed, (in-
towhich the Mater entrethnot arall) there ts fcarce difference'to be dif

' cerned; Butin-Frait, and Fle(b, swhareinto ae Water entreth, in fume

hg er ‘oo sacalieneae

WIN,

T He Bostome of a Ve fel of one Water, (as hath keene abferwed)i is
| not very much Heated ; So as Men may put their Hand vnder the

Veffelt,and remoue it, The Caw(ei is; for that the Mofture of Waser, asit
| wencheth Coales,whereie entreth; Soit doth allay Heat,where it tau-

| cheth: And thereforenote well,that Moiftere,although it doth nor paffe
| thorow Bodies, without Communication of fome Subftance, (As Heat and
| Cold doe:) yet it workethmanifcft Effe@s; not by Entrance of the Bo-
dyy but by Qualifying of the Hear, and Cold; As wee fee in this a-

| flamce : And we fee likewife, that the Water of Things diftillea in Water,
\ (which they call the Bath) diffcreth not much from the Water of T ings
Diftilled by Fire: We fee alfo, that Pewter-Difhes, with Waser in them,
willnot Melt eafily ; Buc without it ,they will: Nay we fee more, that
Batter, or Oyle, which in themfelues are oN Nie yet by Vertiré of
| their Moiftwre, will doe the like,

[t hath beenenoted by the Ancients,that it is dangerous to Picke ones
Bare, whilett he Tawueths The Can/é is, for tharin Tawaing, the Inner
Parchment of the Eare is extended, by the Drawing in of the Spirit, and
| Breath; For in Yawning, and Sighing both, the Spirit is firft ftrongly
E Drawne i in, and then ftrdngly Expelled.

EE hath beene oblemned: hy the Ancients, that Sneezing doth ceafe the
4 diccough. The Cau/feis, forthat the Motion of the Hiccough, is a Lifting
| up of the Stomacke ; which Sazezingdoth fomewhardeprefic,and divert
i the Motien anigehes: way. For firft we fee, chat theAliccough commeth of
| Fulneffe of Meat, (efpecially in Children) ) which caufeth an Extenfion
| of the Stomacke: Ve feealfo,itis caufed by Acide Méats, or Drinkes,
which is by the Pricking of the Stomacke: And this Motion is ceafed, ci-
ther by Dimerfion, Oc by Detentiomof the Spirits : Dinerfion, as in Smee.
sing ; Detention, as we fee Holding of the Breath, doth helpe fomewhat
taceafe ce Asccough: And putting a Manintoan Earneft Study doth
the like » As ts commonly vfed: And Vinegar put to the Naftbrills, ot

Gargarized, doth it alfu; For amet it is Airings and inhibiteth the
Afotton of e © Spirtts,

5 Dabiog againtt the Sanne, doth aiduce Sneezing, TheCaafeis, not
} the Heating of the Nojthrils; For then the Helding vp of the Nofthrils
againft che Susne, thougitone Winkeswoulddoeit; But the Drawing
downe of the Moifwre of the Braine ; esi it will inahe the Byesrun with
|? JB _ Water;

| t67

="

Experiment
Solitary ton-
ching the Qua-
Lification of Heat
by Maiflure,

684

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Yawning.

685

' Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Hist-
cough,

686

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Sneezing.

687

168

—<—-

Experiment
Solitary tou-

ching the Teme

derno(fe ofthe
Teeth.

688

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the
Tomgue.

689

Experiment
Solitary tou-

ching the Taffe.

690

|

| Experiment

} Solitary tou-

t ching fome
Pragnofiicks of

, Pefiilential

; Seafons.

691

'
} °
| Experimenc

| Solitary tou- |

| ching Special
Simsples for
| Medicines.

692

‘| the Flefh, ob

‘

N atirall:

Water; And the Drawing of Moiffure to the. Byes, dothvdraw ‘into the |
| Noftoriis, by Motion of Confent’. And fo
| crariwife che Tickling of the.Na/thrils wichinydoth draw the-Moifureto:
| the Nofthrils, and to the Eyes by -Con/ent ; Fortheyalfo will Water. Bur

yet it hath beene obferued,thavif-one be aboutro Sweese,the Rubbing’
| of the Eyes, till they rua with Water,will prenent it, Whereof the Camfé' |
is, for that the Humsour, which was defcending to the Noffhrils, is diuer-

ted tothe Byes, 4301 0) |

He Teeth are more, by Cold Drinke, or thelike, affected, than the.
. B other Parts, The Caw/e is double : The One, for tharthe Refiftance:
of Bene to Cold,is greater than of Fle/b ; for thatthe Fle/hfhrinketh, but.
the Bowe refifterh, whereby the Cold becommeth more cager: Phe Other
is, for chat the Teethare Parts without Blowd 5: Whereas Blowd helpetii)
to qualifie the ald « And therefore we fee, that the Ssanewes aremiuclt
affected. with Cold ; For chat they are Parts without Blond «So the Bones
in Sharpe Colds wax Brittle ; And therefore it hath beene feenc, thar all,
Contufions of Bones, in Hard Weather, axc more difficult toCure. *

T hath beene noted; that the Tongue receiueth, motecafily, Tokeasof
Difeafes,than the other Parts;As of Heats within,which appeate moft

/| in the Blackmeffe of the Tongue, Againe, Pied Cattell are {potted in their

Tongues, &c. The Caufe is (no doubtyythe Tenderneffe of the Part; which
thereby receiueth more eafily all Alterations, than. any other Partsof
. on aoe | at
; fs ' i 3G xi yet
V Vie the Afouth is out of Tafe, it maketh Things tafte,fomtimes
Salt;Chiefly Bitter; And fometimes Loath/ome-But neuer Sweet,
The Caufe is, the Cerrapting of the Moiffure about the Tomgae ; Which
many times turneth Bitter, and Saleyand Loath/ome ; But Sweet newer 5
For the reft are Degrees of Corruption, ¢

ie was obferucd in the Great Plagweof che laft Yeere, that there were
| B.feene, indiuers Ditches, and low Grounds about London, many Toads,
chat had-Tailes, ewo.orthree Inches long, artheleaft: Whereas Toads
| (vfually) haueno Zailes at all. VWWhich arguetha great Difpofition to
Putrefaction iu the Sele, and Aire, Ie is reported likewife, that Rosts,
\(fuch asCarrets, and Par/n:ps,) atemore Sweet, and Lufbidasyin Infecti-
ous. Yeeres, than im orher Yeeres, .

; ’ thi)

| Kf le Phyfitians (hould with all diligence inquire, what SiaplesNa-
ture yee!deth,that haue extreme Swbrile Parts, without any Mor-
dication, ot Acrimony: For they Vndermiaethat which is Hard; They
open that which is Stopped, and Shwe And they expel! that which is
Offenfiue, gently, without too much Perturbation, Of this Kinde are
Elder-Flewers, which therefore arc Proper for the Stowe: Of this kin |

| is

oe ee ee =

es . )

, 7
\
Hittos He
~ |
|

oweth Sweexiags As cone)

| -« Ceattryos V UN.

isthe Dwar fe» Pine; whichis Proper forthe Jasndies > OF this Kinde is
Harts-Horne's which is Proper for Agaes, and Infections sOf this kinde is
Piony;whichiis Proper for Stoppings int the Head: Of this kind is Farmitory;
| which is Proper for rhe spletme : Anda Number of Others,"Generally,
| diuers Creatares bred of Putrefacfion; though they be fomewhar loath-
| fome to take, are of this kinde ; As Barth=wormes,Timber-Sowes, Snailes,
| 8c, And I conceiue, thatthe Trochifchs of Vipers, (which are fo much
| magnified, and the Fle of Snakesfome waies condited and corrected,
| (which of late are growneinto fome Credite,) areof the fame Nature;
| Sothe Paresot Beats Putrified; (as Caffereum,and Muske,whichhaue exe
treme Subtill Parts, ) are'to be placed amongft them. We fee alfo that
| Putrefactions of Plants, (as Agaricke,and Iewes- Eare,) are of greateft Vers
| tue, The Canfe is, forthat Putrefactzonis the Subsilleft of all asotions, in
| the Parts of Bodies: And {ince we cannot take downe the Liwés of Living
| Creatures, (which fomevof the Paracelfians fay (if they could be taken
' downe,) would make vs Jemortalls ) the Next isfor Subtilty of Operats-
| om;to take Bodies Putrified; Such as may be fafely taken.

}

T hath beene obferued by che Ancients, that Much V{é of F¢nus doth
Dimme the Sight ; And yet Eunuchs,which are vnable to generate,are
(neuerthelefe) alfo Dimme Sighted. The Canfé of Dirsneffe of Sight, in
the Former, is the Expence of Spirits: In the Latter,the Oser-meiftare of
the Braise: For the Ower-moiftare of the Braine doth thicken the Spirits
Vifwall, and obftrugteth their Paflages; As we fee by the Decay, in the
Sight, in Age; Where alfo the Diminution of the Spérits concurreth as
another Casfe: wee fee alfo that Blindneffecommeth by Rhewmes, and
Cataracis, Now in Eunachs, there are all the Notes of Atoiftare ; As the
Swelling of their Thghes, the Loofeneffe of their Belly, the Smooth-
neffe of their Skinne, &c. oe
The Pleafyre in the AF of Venus is the the greareft of the Ples/ures of
the Seafes : The Matching of it with J¢chis vnproper ; though that alfo
be Pleafing rothe rouch. Bur the Cawfesarc Profound. Firft, all rhe Or-
gansof the Senfes qualifie the Motions of the Spirits ; And make fomany
| {cuerall Species of Motions, and Plea{ures.or Difpleafares thereupon, as
there be Dimer {ities of Orgasms. The Instruments of Sight, Hearing, Tafte,
| and Smell, arcof feuera}iframe; And fo are the Parts for Generation,
| Therefore Scaliger doth well, to make the Pleafwre of Generation a Sixth
| Senfe; And ifrhere were any other differing Organs, and Qualified Per-
| forations, tot (ae Spirits to paffe; there would be more than the Fine Seno
| fes*’Neither doe we well know, whcther fome Beafs, and Birds, haue
| nor Seafes chat apec knownot: And the very Sent of Dagesisalmofta
| Sewfe by it felfe, Secondly, the Plea/wres of the Touch, are greater and
deeper, thanthofe of the orler Sen(es; As we {ce in Warming vpon Cold;
Or Refrigerationvpon Heat: For as the Paines of the Touch, ave greater

| chan the Offercesaf other Sen/er; Solikewifeare che Pleafares. It is true,
that the Affecting ot the Spirits immediately, and (as itwere) without an
a0 Organ,

ee

Experiments }
in Confort tou-
ching Venws.

| 693%.
694

’
4
a

een

—— eee

170

695

eriments —
in@onfort,

touching the
Infetta.

:
a
|

|

|

ee nn eee

— Naturall: History: |

Organ, is of the greateft Plea/wre; Which is;but in two things: Swyect |
Smells; And Wine, and the like Sweet Vapours., Ror Smells, weelee their.
greatand fudden Efe? in ferching Aden againe,when théy fwouue:For |
Drivke,ivis certain that the Pleafure of Drumkénnefe, is next the Plesfure,
of Venus: And Great Ioyes (likewife) make the Spirits moue, and touch,
themfelues; And the Plea/ure of Venus is fomewhat of thefame Kinde;,
Ichath beene alwayes obferued; that Afen ate more inclined to Yemus,
in the Winter,and Women in the Summer, The Can/e is, forthat the Spi-.
rits,in a Body more Hot and dry,(as the Spirits of Men are,)by the Swm-
mer are more exhaled, and diffipated ; And in the Wmter more conden-
fed, and kept entire: But in Bodies that are Cold and Moift, (as Womens
are,) the Swmmer doth Cherith the Spirits, and calleth them forth; the
Winter doth dull them. Furthermore, the Ab/linence, ot Intermifiton of
the V/¢ of Kewus, in Moi/t and well Habitwate Bodies, breedeth a Number:
of Difeafés; Aud efpeciall dangerous Impe/fumations. The Reafonis
cuident ; For that itisaPrincipall Ewacwation, efpecially of the Spirits:
For of the Spirits, there is {carce any Emacuation, but in Venus, and Exer-
cife, And therefore the Oviffion of cither of them, breedeth all Di/eafes |
of Repletion. Nauti eh

The Nature of Viuification is very worthy the Enquiry :
Andas the Nature of Things, iscommonly better perceiued,
in Small, than in Great ; and in vnperfect, than in perfect;and
in Parts, than.in whole: So the Nature of Viuification is belt
enquired.in Creatures bred of Putrefaction. The Contemplation

| whereofhath many Excellent Fruits. Firlt,in Difclofing the O-

riginall of Vinification. Secondly, in Dij¢lofing the Originall of

| Figuration. Thirdly, ia Difclofing many Things in the Nature
| of Perfeét Creatures, whichio them lye more hidden, And
|Fourtlily, in Traducing, by way of Operation, {ome Ob/eruati-

ons in the Infecta, to worke Effects vpon Perfett Creatures.
Notethat the word In/eéta, agreeth not with the Matter,but
we cuer vicit for Breuities fake, intending by it Creatures bred

of Putrefaétion.
The Infea are found to breed out of feuerall Afasters: Some breed
of Mad;or'Dang ; As the Earth.Wormes, Eeles, Snakes, &c, For they are
oth Patrefactions : For Water in Mad doth Putrifie,as not able to Pre-
ferucitfelfes And for Dung,all Excrementsare the Refufe and Putrefach-
ons of Nowrifbment, Some breed in Weed,both Growing,and Cut down,
Querein what Woods moft,and at what Seafons? We fee that the Worms

_|with many Feerswhich round themfelues into Balls,are bred chiefly vn- |

der Logs of Timber, but not in the Timber; And they are faid to be found

alfo, (many timees,) in Gardens, where no Logs are, Burit feemeth their

Generation |

et 5"
i

(Century. VAI. | 7

Eels ety eS

Generation requireth a Cowerture, both from Swsne, and Raine, or Dew; |
As the Timber is;And therfore they are not Vememous,but(contrariwife)
are held by the Phyfitians to clarifie the Bleud.Ic is ob{erued alfo that Cs
wices are tound in the Holes of Bed-Sides, Some breed in the Haire of Li-
wing Creatures; As Lice, and Tikes; which are bred by the Sweat clofe
kept, and fomewhat arefied by the Haire, The Excrements of Lining Crea. |
tares,doe not only breed /nfecfa,when they are Excerned but alfo while |
they are in the Body ; As in Wormes, whereto Children are moft {ubicé, |
and are chiefly in the Guts, And it hath beene lately ob{erued by Phy/- |
tians that in many Peffilent Di/eafés,there are Wormes found in the vpper |
Parts of the Body, where Exerements arenot, butonly Hamours Putri- |
fied. Fleas breed Principally of Straw or Mats, where there hath beene a |
little Moiffwre ;Ox the Chamber and Bed-/fraw kept clofe;and not Aired. |
It is receiued that they arc killed by Strewing Wormewood in the Rooms.
And it is truly obferued,that Buster Things are apt,rather to kill,than en-
gender Patrefaction; And they be Things, that arc Fat, or Sweet, thatare
apteft to Patrifie, There is a Worme,that breedeth in Meale,of the fhape of
alarge white A¢agget, which is giuenas a greac Dainty to Nightingales.
The Aoath breedeth vpon Cloth, and other Lavssfices ; Efpecially if chey
be laid vp dankifh,and wet. It delighteth ro be about the Flame of a Cap-
dle. There is a Worme called a Wewill,bred vnder Ground,and that feedeth
vpon Roots ; As Par/nips, Carrets,&c, Some breed in Waters, efpecially
fhaded,but they mult be Standiag-waters; As the Water-Spider that hath
fix Legs, The Fly called the Gad-fly, breedeth of fomewhat that Swim-
meth vpon the Top of the Water, and is moft about Ponds, There isa
Worme that breedeth of the Dregs of Wine Decayed, which afterwards,
(as is obferued by fome of the Ancients,) turneth into a Gaaet,It hath bin
obferued by the sncients, that there is a Worme that breeds in old Snow,
and is of Colour Reddifh, and duli of Motion, and dieth foone after it
commeth out of S#ew, Which fhould thew, that Sow hath in ita fecret
Warmth ; For elfe it could hard'y Viuifie, And the Reafon of the Dying
of the Worme, may be the fudden Exhaling of thatlittle Spirit, as foone
as itcommeth out of the Cold, whichhad fhutitin, For as Bstterfises |
quicken with Heat, which were benummed with Cold; So Sparsss may |
exhale with Heat, which were Preferued in Cold, It is affirmed both by |
Ancient and Moderne Ob/ferwation,that in Furnaces of Copper, and Brafe,
where chalcites, (which is Vétrioll,) is often caft in,to mend the working,
there rifeth fuddenly a Fly,which fometimes moucth,as ifit tooke held
on the walls of the Fwrsace ; Sometimes is feene mouing in the Fire be-
low ; And dieth prefently, as fooneas it is out of the Furmace. Which is
a Noble Jnffance, and worthy to be weighed; for it fhewcth that as well
Violent Heat of Fire, as the Gentle Heat of Living Creatures, will Viuifie, if
it haue Matter Proportionable, Now the great Axiome of Vinification is,
that thete muft be Heat co dilate the Spirit of the Body; An Adfine Spirit
to bedilated ; Matter Vifcous or Tenactous,to hold in the Spirit ; And that
Matter to be put forth, and Figured; Now a Spirit dilated by fo ardent a
Fire,

———eeEeEEyEeEEeEEE———e

172 | if Naturall Hiflory: ‘|

Fire,asthatof the Farnace, as foone as ener it coolerh neuér fO Tittle,
congealeth prefently, And (no doubt) this -4dfion is furthered by the |
Chalcites, which hath a Spérit, chat will Put forth and germinate, as wee
fee in Chymicall Trials. Briefly, moft Things Patrified bring forth InfecFa
of feuerall Names; But weewillnot takcvponvs now, to Enumerate
them all. eat
697 The /w/ecfa hauc beene noted by the Ancients, to feed little: But this
hath not beene diligently obferued ; For Gra/heppers eat vp the Greene
of whole Countries; And Silke-Wormes deuoure Leawes {wiftly; And
Ants make great Prouifion, [tis true,that Creatures,that Sleepe and teft
much, Eat little ; As Dormife, and Bats,8¢c, They are all without Blond:
Which may be, for that the Jayce of their Bodies, is almoft all one; Not
“Bloud, and Flefh, and Skin,and Bone, as in Perfect Creatures; The Integral
Parts haue Extreme Variety, but the Similar Parts little, Iris true, that
they haue, (fomeofthem,) a Diaphragme, and an Inteftine;' And they
‘haue all Skins ; Whichio moft of the Jn/ec?a are caft often.” They are
not (génarally) of long Life: Yet Bees have beene knowné to lite feuen
“-yeares: Aid Snakes are thought, the tather for the Caffing of their Sporle,
‘\‘to liue till they be Olds And Eeles, which many times breed of Putrefa-
| Mion, will line and grow very long: And thofe that Enterchanige from
|| Wrormes to Flyes in the Summer, and from Flyes to Wormes in the Winter,
‘| hand beene kept in Boxes foure yearesat the leaft. Yer there are certaitic
Flyes, that are called Ephemera, that live buta day. The Caw/é is, the Exi-
| lity of che spérit ; Or perhaps the Abfence of the Swune; For thatif they
“were brought in, or kept clofe, they might liue longer. Many of the Ja-
\ (ecta, (as Butterflies, and other Flies, ) reuine eafily, when they feeme
‘dead, being brought tothe Sune, or Fire. The Caufe whereof is, the
\Diffufion of the Vitall Spivit, and the Eajie Dilating of it by a little Heat.
They ftitre a good while, after their Heads are off, or that they be cut in
Peeces ; which is caufed alfo, for that their Vital Spirits are more Giffu-
fed thorow-out all their Parts, and leffc confined to Organs, thanin Per-
| fect Creatures. )
Sows ‘The Jnfectahaue Voluntary Motion, and therefore Jmagination; And
whetéas fome of the Ancients haue faid, that their Motion is Indetermi-
“nate, and their Imagination Indefinite, it is negligently obferued; For
“Ants goe right forwards to their Hills; And Bees doe (admirably)
know the way, from a Flowry Heath, two or three Miles off, to their
Hiucs, It may be, Grats, and Flyes, haue their Jmsagination more muta-
ble, and giddy, as Small Birds likewife haue. Itis faid by fome of the
Ancients, that they haue only the Sen/e of Feeling ; whichis manifeftly |
vntrue: Pot if they goe torth-right to a Place, they muft needs haue |
Sight:Befides they delight more in one Flewer,or Herb,than in another, |
and therefote haue Ta/fe: And Bees ate called with Sound vpon Brafe, |
and therefore they haue Hearing : Which fhewerh likewife thar though |
_[ their spirit be diffufed, yet thercis a Seat oftheir Seafesin their Head, |
Other Obferuations concerning the Infecta, together with the Enumera-\

tion,

- a eerie ee Se RSE
: i ee ee ee << —

Century, VII,

tion of them, we referreto that Piace, where we meswe to handle the Tile
of Animal's sngenerad,

Man Leapeth betcer with Weights, in his Hands, than without, The
Caufe is,tor that the Height, (if it be proportionable,) trengehucth

the Simewes, by Contracting them, Por otherwife, where no ContradZion |

is needfull, Weight hindereth. As we fee in Horfe-Races, Mem acc curious
to fore-fee, that there be not the leafi Weight, vpon the one Herfe, more
thanvponthe other, In Leaping with Weights, the Armes are fit caft
backwards, and then forwards, with fo mucii the greate: Force:For the
Hands goc backward before they take their Raife, Qaere, if the contrary
Motion of the Spérits, im mediate'y before the Motion we intend, doch nor
caule the Spirits, as it were,to breake forth with more Force: As Breath
alfodrawne, and kept in,commeth forth more forcibly : And in Ca/fing
of any Thtag, he Arms, to make a greater Swing, are iirft caft backward.

F Mujficall Tomes, and Vneqvall Sounds, we haue {poken before; Bur
touching the Pleafure, and Défpleafure of the Senfes, not fo fully.
Har{h Sounds, as of a Sawe, when itis tharpened ; Grinding of one Stone
againft another; Squcaking, or Skriching Noife; make a Shisering or Hor-
rour in the Boay, and fetthe Teesh onedg. The Caw/é is, for that the 06-
sef¥s of the Eare, doe aitect the Spsrits (immediately) moft with Pleafare
and Offence. We fee, there is noColoar that affeGteth the Eye much with
Difplesfwre: Therebe Sights, that are Horrible, becaufe they excite th
Memory of Things that arc Odieus, or Fearful; But the fame Thiags Pain-
ted doclittle affect. As for Smells, Ta/fes,and Touches,they be Things that
doc affeat,by a Participation, ox Impulfion of the Body, of the Obzec#. So it
is Sowad alone, that doth immediately, and incerporeally, affect moft:
This is moft manifeft in Ma/icke 5 and Concords and Difcords in Muficke :
Fora! Soands, whether they de fharpe, or Flat, if they be Sweet, hane «
Roundneffe and Equality ; And ifthey be Harth,are Vmequall : Fora Dif-
cord ic {elfe is but a Harfhneffe of Diners Sounds Meeting, Lc is true,thar Jn-
eqsality, not Stayed vpon, but Paffing, is rather an Encreafe of Sweet-
mefe; As in the Purling of aWreathed String; And in the Rawcity of a
Trumpet; Andin the Nightinghale-Pipe of a Regal; And in a Difeord
ftraight falling vpon a Concord:But if you {tay voon it, itis Offem/iwe; Aad
therefore, there be thefe three Degrees of Pleafing, a: d Dejpleajing in
Sownas ; Sweet Sounds; Difcord: ; and Har/b Sounds, which we
cali by diuers Names, as Skriching, or Grating,fuch as we
now {pcake of As for the Setting of the Teeth on Edge,
we fee plainly, what an Intercourfe there is,be-
tweene the Teeth, and the Orgam of the
Hearin2, by the Taking of the End
ofa Bow, betweene the Teeth,
and Striking vpon
the String,
NATY-

Experiment ©

Solitary tou-
ching Leaping.
699

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Plede
fares, and Dif-
plesfares of the
Sexes, clpeci-
ally of Hearing,

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NATVRALL

2 Wee a bi 0 abel a

VIIL Cetitury.

Here be Minerals, and FofSles, in great Varie- | & cncriment
+ ties Butof eines ot Earth Medicinall, but | Solitary tou-
few; The Chiefeare, Terra Lemmnia, Terra \ shingVeines
Sigillata communis, and Bolus Armsinus | 2 )heddnat

2 2 tS S| Earth,

Whereof Terra Lemnia is the Chiefe, The 701
Vertues of them are, for Curing of Wounds,

Stanching of Blowd, Stepping of Flaxes and
Rhewmes, and Arrejting the Spreading of
Poi fou, lnfection,and Patrefactien: And they
haue,ofall other Sémples,the Perfe@teft and
Purcft Qualzty of Drying, with little or no Mixture of any other Quality,

Yet itis rue, thacche Bole. Armsinicke is the moft Cold of them;And that

Terra Lemniais the moft Hot;For which Caufe,the /flawd Leranes, where

itis digged, was in the Old Fabslows Ages confecrated to Yulcap.

et ona the Bottome of tive Straiphets are gathered great Quantities of | Experiment -
Sponges, which are gathered from the fides of Rocks, being as it | Solitary tou-
werealarge,butcoush, Afoffe, Icisthe more to be noted,becaufe that pas es
thete be but few Subffances,Plant-like,that grow deep within the SeasFor | Sponges.
they are gathered fometimes freen¢Fathom deep; And when they are 7Ou

laid

SSNS ee ee ——— ss

’

OE ele AO Eee Os OTE ETS URLS Ue LA ———— annem)
176. KN aturall History: |
laid on Shore, chey feeme to be of great Bulke ; But crufhed together 3

willbe tranfported ina very fmallRoome, . i

Experiment | Tfeemeth, that Fifh, thatarevfed tothe Salt-water, doe neuerthe- |
fog -Fifh, Jleffe delight more in Frefh. We fee, that Salmons ,and S melts, loueto |
purin Fri | getinto Réwers, thoughit beagainft the Srreame, At the Aanen of Com- |)
Waters. tantinople, you thall haue great Quantities of Fifh that come from the}
703 Ewxine-Sea; that when they come into the Fre(hWater,do inebriate and

turne vp their BeHies;So as you may take them with your Hand,I doubr |
tuere hath not been ufficient Experiment made of Putting Sea-Fifh into |
Frefh Water, Powds,and Pooles, Ivisa Thing ofgrcat Vie, and Picafure:
For fo you may haue them new at fome gocd diftance from the Sea:
And befidessirmay be, the Bé/d willeat the pleafantcr, and maysfall
breed: And itis {aid that Colchefer Oifters, which are pur into Pts
where the Se@gocth and commeth (butyct fo, that thete isa Frefh Wi
ter comming alfo to them, when the Sea voideth,) become by that
meanes Fatter, and more Growne,

= |
“He Turkifh-Bow giveth a very Forcible Shoot ; Infomuch as it hath |
bin known, that the 47row hath pierced a Steele Target, ora Peece
of Braffe of two Inches thicke: But that which is more ftrange, the Ar-
yow, if icbe Headed with Wood, hath beene knawne to pierce thorow a
Peece of Wood, of cight Inches thicke, And it is certaine, that aye had |,
in vfe at one time, for Sea-Fsght, {hort Arrowes, which they called
Sprights, without any other Heads, {ane Wood tharpned ; which were
difcharged out of Muskets,and would pierce thorow the Sides of Sheps, |
.| where a Bullet would not pierce, But this dependeth vpon one of the |
greatelt Secrets in all Nature ; Which is that Similitude of Subffance will
caufe Attraction, where the Body is wholly freed frony the Motion of |
Grasuity: For ifthatwerc taken away, Lead would draw £esd, and Gold |
would draw Gold, and Zros would draw Jron, without the helpe of the |

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Altra(ti-

| on by Similiinde
of Subjlance.

704

| Load-Stone. Butthis fame Motion of Weight or Granity (whichis a meere |

Motion of the Matter, and hathno Affinity withthe Forme, or Kinde,)

‘doth kill che other Motion, except itfelfe beki!led by a violent Motion;

| Asin thefe Ja/tances of Arrowes ; Forthen the Motion of Aptraction by

| Similitude of Sub/tance, beginneth to thew it felfe, But we fhall handle
this Pomncof Watare fully in duc Place, ria

a

| Experiment Hey-hauc in Tarkey, and the Ea/t, certaitee Confections, which they:
ee oescatne ca}h Serwets, which are like to Candied Comférnes; And are madcof
| Drizkesin Tur-
| ko other Blowers;And fome Mixture of Amber for the more delicate Per-
| 1 70§ © fons; And thoferhey diffolue in Water, and thereof make their Drinke,
| | becauferhey are forbidden Wine by their Zaw.ButI doe much maruell,
| that no Emelifhman, or Dutchman, ot German,doth fer vp Brewing in Con-
i | ftantinople; Confidering they hauc fuch Quantity of Barley. For as for,
if '

|
\

nae

Sugar and Limons, or Sugar and Citrons, or Sagar and Fiolets, and fome |

the

(Century. VIII.

the generall Sort of Aven, Frugality may be the Cau/e of Drinking Water;
For that itis no {mall Sauing, copay nothing for ones Driske : But the
better Sort mought weil be at the Coft, And yet I wonder the leffe at ir,
becaufe I fee France, Italy, or Spaine, hance not taken into vie, Beere, or
dle; Which (perhaps) if they did,would better both their Healths,and
their Complexions, Itis likely itwould be Matrer of great Gaine to
any, that fhould begin it in Turkey.

ts Bathing in Hot Water, Sweat (neuerthcleffe) commeth not in the

‘x7

— ———_————

|

| Experiments

Parts vnder the Water, The Ceufe iss Firlt, for that Sweat isaKind of | @ Coors

Colliquation, And that Kind of Colléquation is not made, either by an
Ouwer-Dry Heat, ot an Ouer-Mfoif? Heat. For Ouer-Moiffure doth fome-
whatextinguifh the Heats As wee feethat cucn Hot Water quencheth
Fire : And Ouer-Dry Heat (hutteth the Pores: And therefore Mep will
fooner Sweat coucsed before'the Saane, or Fire, than if they ftood Na-
ked ; And Earthen Battles, filled with Hot Water, doe prouoke, in Bed, a
Sweat moredaintily, than Brick-bats Hot, Secondly, Hot Water, doth
caufe Ewaporation from the Skin ; Soas it {pendeth the Matter, in thofe
Parts vnder the Water, before it iflueth in Sweat. Againe, Sweat com-
meth more plentitully, if the Heat be increafed by Degrees, than if itbe
greateft at firlt, or equall, The Cafe is, for that the Pores are better ope-
ned by a Gentle Heat, than by a more Pielent ; And by their opening the
Sweat iffueth more abundantly, And therefore Phyjitians may do well,
when they prouoke Sweat in Bed, by Bottles, with a Decocfion of Swdori-
ficke Herbs in Hot Water, to make two Degrees of Heat in the Bottles; And
to lay inthe Bed, the /e//e Heated firft, and after halfe an Houre the more
Heated.

Sweat is Sale in Tafte; The Can/¢ is, for that, that Part of the Nouri/h-
ment, which is Fre/h and Sweet, turneth into Blosd, and Flefb ; And the
Sweat is only that Part which is Separate and Exerned, Blond alfo Raw
hath fome Saltse//e,more than Flefh;becaufe the Afimilation into Fle/h,
is not without a little and fubtile Excretion from the Blond.

Sweat commeth forth more out of the Ypper Parts of the Body, than
the Lower; The Rea/on is,becaufe thofe Parts are more replenifhed with
Spirits, And the Spirsts are they that put torth Sweat : Befides, they are
Jefe Flefhy, and Sweat iflueth (chiefly) out of the Parts that are leffe
Flefhy, and more Dry; As the Forebead, and Breaft.

Men Sweat more in Sieepe, than Waking ; And yet Sleepe doth rather
ftav other Flaxiows, than caufe them; As Rhewmes, Loofemeffe of the
Body, &c. The Cafe is, forthat in Sleepe, the Heat and Spirits doc natu-
rally moue inwards, and thetereft. Bue when they arecolle&ted once

touchirg Sweat

706

497

708

709

within, the Heat occommeth more Violent, and Irritate ; And thereby | «

expelleth Swear,

Cold Sweats are (many times) Mortall, and neere Death ; And alwaies
Il, and Supeced; As in Great Feares, Hypochondriacall Paftens, &c. The
Canfe is, tor that Cold Sweats come bya Relaxation or Forfakiag of the

710

Q2 S pirits.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

~

Natural Hiftors :

Spirits, whereby the Moz/lwreofthe Body, which Heat did keepe firme |
in the Parts, feucreth, and iffueth our,
In thofe Difeafes which cannot be difcharged by Sweat, Sweat is ill, |
| andrather to be ftayed ; As in Difea/es of the Lungs, and Flaxes of the |
Belly; But in thofe Difeafes, which are expelled by Sweat, it cafechand |
lightneth;Asin Agues, Peftilences, &c, The Canfe is, tor chat Sweat in |
, the Latter Sort is partly Critical, and fendeth torth the Matter thar of- |
fendeth ; But in che Former, it either proceedeth from the Labour of
the Spirits, which theweth them Opprefféd ; Or from Motion of Confent, |
when Watwre notableto expell the Difeafe, where it is {eated, moueth .

| to an Expulfion indifferent ouer all the Body. /

ec He Nature of the Glo-worme is hitherto not well obferued, Thus
olitary ton-

ching the Glo- much we fees That they breed chiefly in the Hotse/t Atomeths of

| worvie.

712

—

Swmmer; And that they breed not in Champaione, but in Bufhes,and Hed=
ges. Whereby it may be conceiued, that the Spirit of them is very fine, |
and net to he refined, but by Swmsmer Heats: And againc,that by reafon
of the Fineneffe, it doth eafily exhale, In /taly, and the Hotter Conntries,
there is a Fly they call Luccéole, that fhineth as the Glo-worme doth; And |
it may be is the Flying Glo-werme, But that Fly is chiefly vpon Fens, and ,
Marrifhes, But yet the two former Ob/ferwations hold; For they arenot
| feene, but in the Heat of Summer ; And Sedge, or other Greene of the
Fens,giue as good Shade,as Bufhes.It may be the Glo. rrormes of the Cold
Countries tipen not fo farre as to be Winged.

|

poe T He Paffions of the Minde, worke vpon the Body the /mprefions fol- |
touching the lowing. Fesre caufeth Palene//e ; Trembling ; The Standing of the |
| Impreffions, Haire upright; Starting ; and Skritching. The Palene/fe is caufed, for that
ape eg the Blowd runneth inward, tofuccour the Heart, The Trembling is cau-
Mindemake | fed, for that through the Flight of the Spirits inward, the Outward Parts

_ “pon the Body. | are deftituted,and not fuftained Standing Vpright of the Haire is caufed,

713

714

CO A ee

for that by the Shutting of the Pores of the Skim, the Aaire thatlyeth a
floap,muft needs Rife, Starting is both an Apprehenfion of the Thing fea-
red; (And, in that kinde, itis a Motion of Shrinking ;) And likewife an
| Inquifition, in the beginning, what the Matter fhould be; ( And inthat
kinde it is a Motion of Erection ;) And therefore, when a Man would li-
{ten fuddenly to any Thing, he Starteth ; For the Starting is an Erection
of the Spirits to attend. Skritching is an Appetite of Expelling that which
fuddenly ftriketh the Spirits: For it muft benoted, that many Afotions,
though they be vnprofitable to expell that which hurteth, yet they are
Offers of Nature, and caufe Motions by Confent ; As in Groaning, ot Crying
| vpon Paine,

Griefe and Paine caufe Sighing ; Sobbing ; Groaning ; Screaming ; and
| Roaring ; Teares; Diftorting of the Face; Grinding of the Teeth; Sweating.
| Sighing is caufed by the Drawing in of a greater Quantity of Breathto re- |
| freth the Heart that laboureth: like a great Draught when one is thirfly, |
Sobbing |

(Century, VIII.

Sobbing is the fame Thing fironger, Groaning, and Screaming, and Rou-
rimg,are cauled by an Appetite of Expulfion,as hath beenc faid:For when
the Spérits cannot expell che Thing that hurteth,in their Strife to do ir,
by Motion of Confent, chey expell the Voice, And this is, when the Spirits
yeeld, and giue ouer co refift ; For ifone doe conftantly refitt Paine, he
willnot groane, Teares are caufed by a Contraction of the Spirits of
the Braine; VWhich Contraction by confequence aftringeth the Moifure
ofthe Braine, and thereby fendeth Teares into the Eyes. And this Con-
tration, or Comprefiien cauleth allo Wringing of the Hands; For Wring- |
ing is a Geffure of Exprefiion, of Motffwre. The Difforting of the Face 1s
caufed by a Contention, firlt to beare and refilt,and then to expell,Which |
maketh the Parts knit firft, and afterwards open, Grinding of the Teeth
iscaufed (likewife) by a Gathering and Serring ofthe Spirits together to
refift ; Which maketh the Teeth alfo to fet hard one againft another,
Sweating is alfo a Compound Motion by the Labour of the Spirits, firtt to
refift, and then to expell.

day caufeth a Chearefalneffe, and Vigour in the Eyes, Singing ; Leaping,
Dancing ; And fomerimes Teares, Allthefe are the Effeds of the Dilata-
tion, and Comming forth of the Spirits intothe Outward Parts; Which
maketh them more Zisely, and Stirring. We kaow it hath beene feene,
that Exce/itue Sudden Joy,hath cauled Prefent Death, while the Spirits did
{pread fo much, as they could not retire againe, As for Teares, they are
the Effects of Comprefiion of the Moifture of the Braine, vpon Dilatation
of the Spirits. For Compre/Sion of the Spirits worketh an Expreffion of the
Moiflure of thie Braine, by Con(ent, as hath beene faid in Gréefe. But then
in Joy, it workethitdiuerfly ; wiz, by Propulfien of the Mosfture, when
the Spirts dilate, and occupy more Reome.

Anger caufeth Paleneffe in fome, and the Gesng and Comming of ther
Colour in Others: Allo Trembling in fome; Swelling ; Foaming at the
Moath ; Stamping ; Bending of the Fif?, Paleneffe, and Going, and Com-
ming of the €olowr, arecaufed bythe Burning of the Spiritsabout the
Heart ; Which to refteth themfelues call in inore Spirits from the Ont=
ward Parts, And ifthe Paleneffebe alone, without Sending forth the Co.
lour againe, it is commonly toyned with fome Feare; Butin many there
is no Paleneffe at all, but contrariwife Redneffe about the Cheekes, and
Gils; Which is by the Sending forth of the Spirits in an Appetite to Rea |
wenge. Trembling in Anger is likewife by a Calling in of the Spirits; And |
is commonly, when Anger is ioyned with Feare, Swelling is caufed,both |
by a Dilatation of the Spsrits by Ower-Heating, and by a Liquefaction or
Boyling of tlic Hamowrs thereupon, Foaming at the Mouth is from the
fame Caufe, being an Evallition, Stamping, and Bending of the Fif, are
caufed by an Imagination of the AG of Resenge.

Light Difpleafure or Diflske, caufeth Shaking of the Head, Frowning,
and Kwitting ot the Browes, Thefe Effects arife from the fame Caw/es that
Trembling, and Herrowr doe ; Namely, from the Retiring of the Spirits,
but in a lefle degree, For the Shakeng of the Head is but a Slow and

Q3 Definite

179 |

7*5

716

717

———

719

ioe

—-

Naturall Hiflors :

Definite Trembling ; And is aGe/ture of Slight Refufall : Andwefee slfo, |

thata Difléke caufeth (often) that Geflure of the Hand, which wee vie
when we refufe a Thing, or warne it away. The Frowaing, aiid Kuuting
ofthe Browes, isa Gathering, or Serring of the Spirits, to refilt 1a fome
Meafure. And we feealfo, this Knitting of the Browe; will follow vpon
earneft Studying, or Cogitation of any Thing, though it bee without
Diflikes.

Shame caufeth Blufbing ; And Ca/fing downe of the Eyes. Blujhing is
the Refort of Blowd to the Face; Which in the Pafftom of Shame is the

Part that laboureth moft,And although the Bla/bing will be {cene in the |
whole Breaft, ifitbe Naked, yet that is bur in Paffage ro the Face. }

As for the Cafing downe of the Eyes, it proceedeth of the Rewerence 3
Man beareth to other Men; Whereby, when he is afhamed, lie cannot
endure to looke firmely vpon Ochers: And we {ce that Bla/bing, and
the Caffing downe of the Eyes both, are more when we come before Ma-
ny ; Ore Pompei quid mollius? Nunqaam non coram pluribus erubsit:And
likewife when we come before Great, or Rewerend Perfons,

Pity caufeth fometimes Teares; And a Flexion or Caff of the Eyes
afide.. Teares come from the fame Cas/e that they doe in Griefe : for Paty
is but Gréefe in Anothers Behalfe, The Caf of the Eye is a Geflure of
Aver fion, or Lothneffé co behold the Obie of Pity,

Wonder caulcth Aftonifhment, or an Iwsmoucable Pofture of the Body;
Cajting vp of the Eyes to Heawes; And Lifting vp of the Hands, For Affo-
nifhment, it is caufed by the Féxing of the Minde vpon one Obed of Cogt-
tation, whereby it doth not fpatiate and tran{curre, as it vfech; Forin
Wonder the Spirits fly not, as in Feare; Butonely fcttle, and are made
leffe aptto moue. As for the Ca/fing vp of the Eyes, and Liftiag vp of
the Hands, it is a Kinde of Appeale to the Deity; Which is the Author, by
Power, and Pronidence, of Strange Wonders,

Laughing caufeth a Dilatation of the Mouth, and Lips; A Continaed
Expulfion of the Breath, withthe loud Noi/e, which maketh the Jmter-
iection of Laughing; Shaking of the Brea/t,and Sides; Running of the Eies

with Water, ifitbe Violent, and Continued, Wherein firft it is to bee |

vnderftood, that Laughing is{carce (properly) a Pafton, but hath, his
Soarcefrommthe/atellec ; For in Laughing there euer precedcth a Con-
ceit of fumewhat Rediculows,Aud therefore it is Proper to Afaa. Second-
ly, chat the Caw/eof Laughing is but a Light Touch of the Spirits; and not

fo deepe an Jespreffion as in other Pafsons. And therefore (that which

hathno 4ffinity with the Pafsiens of the Minde,) it is moued, and thatin
great vehcmency, onely by Tickling {ome Parts of the Bady: Aud we fee
that Mém cucn inaGriewed State ot Minde, yet cannot fomctitnes for-
beare Laughing. Thirdly, itiseucr ioyned with feme Degree of Delight :
And thetefore Exhilaration hath (ome Affinity with Jey, though ibe a
much Lighter Motion : Res fenerac/! werum Gaudinm, Fourthly, thatthe
| ObieG of it is Deformity, Abfurdity,Sbrew' dTurnes, and the like. Now to
{peake of theCaufes of the Effects before mentioned, whercunto thefe

Generall

4

a

ans

Century. VIII. of a

Generall Notes giuc fome Light, For the Dilatation of the Monthand Lips,

Continued Expulfion of the Breath and Voice, and Shaking of the Bref and

Sides, they proceed (al!) fom the Dilatation of the Spirits; Efpecially bes

ing Sudden, So likewife, the Rasaing of the Eyes with Water, (as hath |

beenc formerly touched, where we {pake of the Teares of Joy and Gricfe,) |

is an Effect of Dilatation of the Spirits, And for Suddenneffe, it is a great |

Part of the Matter: For wefee, thacany Shrew'd Turne that lighteth vp- |

on Another ; Or any Deformitie, &c. moucth Laughter in the Inftants |

Which after a little tine itdoth nos. So we cannot Laugh at any Thing |

after iris Ssale, but whileft ic is Mew: And cuen in Tickling, it you Tickle |

the Stdes,and give warning; Or give a Hard or Continued Touch,it doth |

not moue Laughter fo much, Ree &
Lust cauleth a Flagraneie in the Eyes;and Priapi{me. The Casfe of both 722‘

thefc is, for that in Las#,che Sight,and the Touch, are the Things defired:

And therefore the Spirzts refort to thofe parts, which are moft affe@ed,

And note well in generall, (For that great Vie may be made of the 0b-

[eruation,) that (eucrmore) the Sperits, in all Pafstons, refortmoft to the

Parts, that labour moft, or are moft affe&ed, As in the laft, which hath

beene mentioned,they refort to the Eyes, and Venereows Parts : In Feare,

and Auger, to the Heart: ln Shame to the Face: And in Light Difltkes to

the Head.

T hath beene obferued by the Amciests, and isyet beleeucd, that the | Experiments
Sperme of Drauken Men is Vafruitfull, The Cao/e is, for thatit is Ower- pe hiro
moiftened, and wanteth Spiffitude,, Andqwee haueamenrty Saying, that nefee
they that goe Drunke to Bed, get Danghters. ’ oi 723
Dranken Men arc taken with a plaine Defecf,or Deffitution in Voluntary ;
Motion, They Recle; They tremble; They cannot ftand, nor f{peake cy
firongly, The Can/e is, for that the Spirits ofthe Wine, oppreffe the Spi-
rits Animall, and occuvate Partof the Place, wheretheyate? And fo
make them VVeake to moue,And therefore Drunken Men are apt to Fill
afleepe; And Opiates, and Stupofactives, (as Peppie, ienband, Henslocke, iguodiy
Sec.) induce a kinde of Drumkeaneffe,by the Groffeneffe of their Vapour ; ;
As Wine doth by the Quantitie ot the Vapour Befides,they robthe Spirits
Animall of their Matter, whereby they are nourifhed: For the Spirits of
the Wine prey vpon it,as well as\theys And fo they make the Spirits lefle
Supple, and Apr to moue, RS 4
~ Drunkes: Men imagine cuery Thing ternethroand; Theyimagine al- 925
fothat Things Come upon them; They See not well Things a farre offs
Thofe Things that they See meare hand, they See out of their Place; And
(fometimes) they fee Things double, The Caufeof the Imagination that
Things turne Round, is, for that the Spirits chemfelues turne, being com-
prefled by the Vapour of the Wines (For any Ligaid Body vpon Comprefit-
oa, turneth, as we fee in Water: ) Andi isallone tothe Sight, whether
the ¥ifwall Spirits noue,or the Obie moueth, or the Medium moucth.
And wefce that loug Turning Reund brecdeth rhe fame Imagination,

The

EP aA

182

726

Experiment
Soli tou-
Buen Helpe
or Hart of Wine,

though Mode-
rately vfed.

17

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Catterpil-
lers.

728

Naturall Hiftory:

The Cas/é of the Imagination that Things come upon th:m,is, for that the
Spirits ¥ifwall themfelues draw backe ; whichmaketh the Obsec? feeme
to come on; And befides, when they {ee Things turne Round, and
Moue, Feare maketh them thinke they come vpon them, The Cas/e
thac they cannot fee Things « farre off, is the Weakmeffe of the Spirits; for
in cucry Megrim, ot Vertigo,there is an Obtenebration ioyned with a Sem-
blance of Tarning round; Which we {ee alfo in the lighter Sort of swew-
wings. The Caufe of Seeing things out of sheir Place, is the Refraction of the
Spirits Vifwall ; For the Vapour is as an Vrequall Medinm; And itis,as the
Sight of Things, out of place, in Water. The Cane of Seeing Things don-
ble, is, the Swift and Vnquiet Motion of the Spirits, (being Oppreffed,)
toand fro; For, (as was faid before,) the Motsen of the Spirits ¥i/wall,aud
the Motion of the Obief#, make the fame Appearances; And for the Swift
Motion of the Obie, we fee, that if you fillip a Lute-String, it fheweth
double, or Treble.

Men arefooner Druske with Small Draughts, than with Great. And
againe, Wine Sugred inebriateth leffc, than Wine Pwre, The Caw/e of the
Former is, for that the Wise defcendeth not fo faft to the Botteme ofthe
Stomach ; But maketh longer Stay in the ¥pper Part of the Stomach, and
fendeth Wapours fafter to the Head; And therefore inebriateth fooner,
And, for the fame Reafon, Sops in Wiwe, ( Quantitie for Quantie,) ine-
briate more, than PVéne of it {elfe. The Caw/e of the Latter is,for that the
Swgar doth infpiffate the Spirits of the Wine, and maketh them not fo
eafierorefolue into Ysposr. Nay further, it is thought, to be fome Re-
medic againtt /Jmebriating, if Wine Sagred be taken after Wise Pore. And
the fame Effeét is wroughteither by Oyle, or AMilke, taken vpon much
Drinking.

se Ve of Wine, in Drie, and Confumed Bodies, is hurtfull; In Atosf,
and Fall Bodées, itis good. The Cas/eis, for that the Spirits of the
Wine do prey vpon the Dew,or Radical Meifture,(as they terme it)ofthe
Bodie, and{o deceiue the Animal Spirits. But where thereis Meiffures
Enough, or Superfluous, there Wine helpeth to difgeft, and deficcate
the Meifiwre.

He Catterpiller is one of the moft Generall of Wormes, and ‘bree-
deth of Dew,and Leawes: For we fee infinite Number of Casterpillers,
which breed vpon Trees, and Hedges; By which the Leawes of the Trees
or Hedges, are in great Part confumed ; As well by their Breeding out of
the Leafe, as by their Feeding vpon the Leafe, They breed in the Spring
chiefly,becaufe then there is both Dew,and Lesfe.And they breed com-
monly when the E4/! Winds haue much blowne: The Cas/e whereof is,
the Drineffe of that Wind : For to all Vinification vpon Patrefaction, it is
requifite the Matter be not toe Mei#: And therefore we fee, they hauc
Copwebs about them, which is a figne of a Slimy Drine/fe: As we .. vp-
on theGrewsd, whereupon, by Dew, and Swane, Copwebs breed all oucr,
We

iT

|

:

| Century. V UTI.

}

Ss

Welce alfo the Greene Catterpiller breedeth in the Inward Parts of Ro-
es, elpesially not blowne, where the Dew fticketh: Bur efpecially Cat-

terpillers, both the greateft, and the moft, breed vpon Cabbages, which |
hatie a Fat Leafe, andapt to Putrifie, The Catterpiller towards the End of |
| Summer waxeth Velatile, and turneth to a Butterfly, or perhaps fome o- |

ther Fly, There is a Catterpiller, thathatha Furre, or Dowae vpon him,
| and feemeth to haue A ffinitie with the Silke-wormev,

He Flyes Cantharides are bred of a Worme, ot Catterpiller, but pecu-

liar to certaine Frait-Trees; As are the Fig-tree, the Pine-tree, and
the Wilde Brrar; Allwhich beare Sweet Fruit; And Frute chathatha
kinde of fecret Biting, or Sharpneffe: For the Fig hath a Milke in it, that
is Sweet, and Corrofine: The Pine- Apple hath a Kernell that is Strong and
Abjfterfise: Tie Frait of the Briar is laid romake Childrem, or thofe that
Eat them, Scabbed. And therefore, no maruell though Caatharides haue
fuch a Corrofiwe, and Cauterizing Qualitie; For there isnot any other of
the Jnfec#a, but 1s bred ofa Duller Matter, The Body of the Cantharides is
bright coloured ; Andit maybe, thatthe delicate-coloured Dragon-
Blyes, may haue likewife fome Corrofine Qualiticr,

Afsitude is remedied by Bathing, or Anointing with Oyle, and Warme
Waser. The Caa/éis, for thar all Lafitude is a kinde of Contufien, and
Comprefior of the Parts; And Bathing, and Annointing viuea Relaxation,
ot Emollitiow: And the Mixture of Oyle, and Water, is better than either
ofthem alone ; Becauife Water Entreth better into the Pores,and Oyle>
after Entry foftneth better, It‘is found alfo that the Taking of Tobacco
doth helpe aiid diftharge Lafitwde. The Reafon whereof is, partly, be-
caufe by Chearing or Comforting of the Spirits, it openeth the Parts
Compreffed, or Contufed: And chiefly, becaufeitreftefheth the Spirits
by the Opiare Vertwe thereof; And fo difchargeth Wearine/fe; as Sleeper
| likewife doth, :
* In Goingup a Hill, the Knees willbe moft Weary ; In Going downe a Hill,
the Thighes. The Casfeis, for that, in the Lift of the Feet, whena Man
| Goeth vp the Hill, the Weight of the Bedy beareth moft vpon the Kwees ;
| And in Going downe the Hill, vpon the Thighes,

i ,

| T He Cafting of the Skin, is by the Ancients compared,to the Breaking
of the Secundine, or Call, butnotrightly: For that were to make
| enery Caiting ofthe Skis a New Birth : And befides,the Seswsdine is but
la generall Coger, not fhaped according to the Parts; But the Skia is (ha-
ped according to the Parts. The Creatures,that caft their Skin, are; The

| Snake, the Viper, the Gra/hopper, the Lizard, the Silke-werme, &c. Thofe
that caft thew Shell, are; The Lobffer, the Crab, the Cra}, the Hodman-
dod ot Dedman, the Tortoife, &c. The Old Skinnes are found, but the Old
| Shells nencr: Seas itis like, chey fcale off, and crumble away by de-
| grees, And they are knowne, by the Extreme Tendernefe and Softueffe
: °

}

183

Experiment
Sclitary, tou-
ching the Fijes
Cantharides.

a?

Experiments
in Confort,

touching Lafi-
tude.

73°

731,

Experiment +
Solitary tou-
ching the Ca-
fing of the
skin, and Shell,
in fomie Cred-
tures.

73%

|
|
|

i

Experiments
| inConfort,
! touching the
| Poflures of the
; Bodie.

i 703
|
|
|

Naturall. Eiflory :

of the Vew Shell ; And fometimes by the Frefhneffe of the Colour of it.

The Canfe of the Cafting of Skin, and Shell, fhould feeme to be the great
| Quantitie of Matter in thofe Creatures, that is fitto make Skin, or Shells
| And againe, the Loofene/e of the Skin, or Shell, that fticketh not clofe to
| the Fle/b. For itis certaine, that it is the New Skis, or Shell, that puttech
| off the Old: Sowe fee, thatin Deere, it is the Young Horne, that puttech
offthe Old; And in Birds, the Young Feathers put off the Old: And fo
| Birds, that haue much Matter for their Beake, caft their Beakes ; the Ni

Beake Putting off the Old,

Li% not Ereé#, but Hollow, which is in the Making of the Bed 3 Or
with the Legs gashered vp, which is in the Pofture of the Body, is the
more Wholefome. The Reafonis, the better Comforting of the Stomach,
which is by that leffe Penfile : And we fee, that in Weake Stemachs, the
Laying vp of the Legs high, and the Knees almoft to the Mouth, hel-
peth, andcomforteth, We fee alfo chat Gally-S/anes, notwithftanding
their Mifery otherwife,are commonly Fat and Flefhy; And the Reafon
is, becaufe the Stomach is {upported fomewhat in Sitting ; And is Pen-
file in Standing, orGoing, And therefore, for Prolongation of Life, it is
good to choofe thofe Exerci/es, where the Limbes moue more than the

_| Stomach, and Belly ; As in Rowing, and in Sawémg being Ses,

734

735

——

Experiment
Solitary tou-

ching Peflilen-

tian Yeares.

736

ie criment

| ‘Solitary, ton-
ching the Prog-
nofliches of Hard
Winters.

| 737
}

Pg OG A a

Megrims and Giddine/fe are rather when we Rifé, after long Sétsing,
than while we S#, The Can/eis, for thatthe Yapowrs, which were gathe-
red by Sitting, by the Sudden Masson, fly more vp into the Head,

Leaning long vpon any Part maketh it Nwewe, and, as wee call it,
Afleepe, The Caw/eis, forthat the Comprefien of the Part {uffereth not
the Spirits to haue free Accefle; And therefore, when wee come out
of it, weefeclea Stinging, or Pricking ; VWhich is the Re-entrance of the
Spirits.

T hath beene noted, that thofe Yeares are Peftilentiall, and Ymwhole-
fome, when there are great Numbers of Frogs, Flies, Locu/ts, &c. The
Cauféis plaine; For that thofe Creatures being engendred of Putrefacti-
on, when they abound, fhew a general] Di/po/ition of the Yeare, and Cas
fritution of the Aire, to Difisfes of Patrefaction, And thefame Progne-
ficke, (as hath beene faid before,) holdeth, if you finde Wormes in Oake-
Apples. For theCen/titution of the Aire, appeareth more fubtilly, in any
of thefe Things, than to the Senfe of Mam.

w
T isan Obferuation amongft Comntry-People, that Yeares of Store of
Haws and Heps,do aa portend Cold Wémters;And they afcribe
it to Gods Prowsdence, that, (as the Scréptwre faith ) reacheth cuento the
Falling of 4 Sparrow; And much more is like to reach to the Prefermats-
on of Birds in uch Sea/oms, The Natarall Canfe alfo may be the Wane of
Heat,and Abwudance of Moiftare, in the Sammer precedent; Which put-
| teth forth thofe grasts, and muft necds leauc great Qwaptitie of Cold Va-
peurs,

. Century. wii + eRe:

pours, not diffipate; Which caufeththe Cold ot the inter following,

Hey hauein Turkey, a Drinke called Coffz, made of a Berry of the | Experiment

fame Name, as Blacke asisootand.of a Strang Seneibut not Aroma. | S27 t02-

> ig ’ ching Medi~
ticall; W hich they take,bearen into Powder, in Waterjas Hot as they can cinesthat Cow-
drink: it: And they cake it, abdifitat it; dn their Coffa-Hew/es, whith are | pie ee
| like our Zavernes. This Drivke comforteth the Brazne, and Heats,jand hel. a ge
| peth Difee/tion. Certainly this Berry Coffa;The Root\and Leafe Betel; The 73
| Leafe Tobacco; And the Teare of Poppy, (Opiams,) of which the Tarkes are
| great Takers, ({uppofing it expelleth allPeare; ): doe allCondenfe the
| Spirits, and make them Strong, and Aleger, Bricic feemerts they arc ta-
kenvafter {everall manners ; For Coffa atid Opénm are taken downe 3 To-
| baccobutin Swseake; And Betel is buc champed in the Mouth, witha little
| Lime. Icis like there are more of them, ifthcy.were well found out,and
well corrected. Quere of Henbane-Seed; Of Mandrake; Of Saffron,Root,
and Blower 3Of Feliam Indam ; Of Amber-grice; Of the Af/yrian Amo-
mum, it it may be had; Andof the ScarlesPowder, which they call Ker-
mez; And (generally) ofall fuch Things, as doe inebriate, and prouoke -
Sleeve, Note that Tobacco is not taken in Root, or Seed, which are more

forcible cuer than Lesaes.

{ ay
“THe Tarkes haue a Blacke Powder, made of a Mineral called Alcohole ;| Experiment |
Which witha fine long Pencill they lay vnder their Eye-/ids 3 Which ire eeiect Z .
doth colour them Blacke; Whereby the White of the Eyeisferotf more | ofthe Body, |
White, VVith thefame Powder they colour alfo the Haires of their Bye-| 73.9.
lids, and of their Eye-browes, which»they draw into Embowed Arches.
You fhall finde that Xenophon maketh Mention, that the Aedes vfed to
paint their Eyes, The Twrkes vfe with the fame Tincfure, tocolour the
Haire of their Headsand Beards Blacke: And divers with vs, that are ;
growne Gray, and yet would appeare Young, finde meanes to make their
Haire blacke,by Combing ir, (as they fay, with a Leaden Combe,or the
hike. As for the Chinefes, who are of an ill Complexion, (being Oliua-
fter,) they paint their Cheekes Scatlet;Efpecially their Kémg,and Grandes,
Generally, Barbarous People, that goe Naked, doe not only paint Them-
felucs, but they pownce and raze their Skinne, thatthe Paisting may |
not be taken forth, And make it into Workes, So doe the Weft Indians ;
And fo did the Ancient, Péfs, and Brittons So that it feemeth, Men
would haue the Colours of Birds Feathers, if they could tell how; Or at |
| leaft, they will haue Gay Skins, in ftead of Gay Cloathes,
E is range, thar the Ve of Bathing, as a Parc of Diet, is left, With | Experiment |
the Romaws, and Grectans, 1 wasasvhunall, as Eating, or Sleeping : And ene tou-
fo isit amongft the Turkes at this day: Whereas with vs it remaineth but baling ie
asa Part of Phyficke. Lam of Opinions tharthe Vie of it, as it was with | Anaoinsing.
the Romans,was hurtfuil co Health; For that it tpadethe Body Soft,and | 740
| eafie to Waite, For the Zarkes it is more proper, becaufe that their Drin-

» king

i86 Naturall Hiflory:

king Water, and Feeding vpon Rize, and other Food of {mall Nourifh-
ment, maketh their Bodses fo Solide, and Hard, as you need not feare
that Bathing fhould make them Freathie, Befides, the Turkes are great
Sitters, and feldome walke; Whereby they Sweat lefle, and need i.
thing more, But yet certaine itis, that Bathing, and. efpecially Aanoin-
sing, may be fo vied, as it may be a great Helpe to Health, and Prolonca- |
tion of Life. Buthereofwe thall fpeake in due Place, when we come to
handle Experiments Medicinal,

Experiment He Tarkes haue a Pretty Art of Chamoletting of Paper, which is not
sing bbe. with vs in vfe, They take diuers OyledColours, and put them feue-

lesting of Paper. | rally (in drops) vpon Water; And ftirrethe Water lightly; And then
741 wet their Paper, (being of fome Thickneffe,) withit; And the Paper
will be Waued, and Veined, like Chamolet, or Marble,

Experiment | [TT is fomewhat ftrange, that the Blond of all Birds, and Bea/ts, and Fi-
Solary re | Bfhes, Chould be of a Red Colour, and only the Blond of the Cattle fhould
take be as Blacke as Inke, A Man would thinke, that the Caw/e fhould be the
742 High Concoétion of that Bloud; For we {ce in ordinary Paddings, that the
Boyling turneth the Bloud to be Blacke;And the Cattle is accounted a de-

licate Afeat, and is much in Requeft.

Experiment | [I isreported of Credit, thatifyou take Zarth, ftom Land adioyning
rie tou- | Aro che Riwer of Nile; And preferue itin that manner, that it neither
of ale “| cometobe Wet, nor Wafted ; And Weighit daily, it will not alter
Earth. Weight vorill the feuenteenth of Zwwe, whichis the Day when the Riwer
743 beginnethto rife ; And then it will grow more and more Posderoms, till
| the Riwer commeth to his Heighth. Whichif it be true, it cannot be
| caufed, but by the Aire, which then beginneth to Condenfe; And fo
_turneth within that Small Mow/d into a degree of Moi/iwre; Which pro-
| duceth Weight. So it hath bin obferued, that Tobacco,Cut,and Weighed,
| and then Dried by the Fire, lofeth Weight; And after being laid in the
open Aire,cecoucreth Weight againe, Andit fhould feeme,that as foone
_aseuer the Riwer beginneth to increafe, the whole Body of the Airey
_ thereabouts fuffereth a Change: For (that which is more ftrange,) itis | ”
| credibly affirmed, that vpon thatvery Day, when the Réner firft rifeth,
| great Plagues, in Cairo, vie fuddenly to breake vp.
Experiments | Hofe that arevery Cold, and efpecially in their Feet, cannot get to
ee onrss Sleepe. The Caw/e may be, for that in Sleepe is required a Free RePi-
Sleepes ration, which Cold doth fhutin, and hinder: For wee fee, that in gréat

744 | Colds,onecan fcarce draw his Breath, AnotherCaw/é may be, for that |
Cold calleth the Spirits to fuccour; And therefore they cannot fo well |
clofe, and goe together in the Head; Which is cuer requifite to Sleepe. |
And for the fame Can/é, Paine, and Noifé hinder Sleepe ; And Darkne//e> |

| (contrariwife) furthereth Sleeper.

Some |

(—

Century. VII.

Some Noifes (wherof wee {pake in the r12. Experiment ) helpe
Sleepe ; As the Blowing of the Wind, the Trickling of Water, Hummsing of
Bees, Soft Singing, Reading, &c, The Cas/eis, for that they moue in the
Spérits a gentle Attention ; And whatfoeuer moueth Attention, without
too much Labour, ftilleth the Naturall and difcurfiue Motion of the
Spirits,

Sleepe nouri(beth, or at leaft preferueth Bodies, a long time, without

‘| other Nouri/bmeut, Bea/ts that {leepe in Winter (as itis noted of Wilde»
Beares,) during their Sleep wax very Fat, though they Eat nothing .Bats

| haue beenc found in Quens, and orher Hollow Clofe Places, Matted
| onevpon another ; And thercforeit is lhkely that they Sieep in the Win-

' ter sime,and eat Nothing, Quere, whetiner Bees doe not Sleep all Win-
: ter, and {pare their Howey? Butterflies, and other Flies, doe not onely
Sleepe, but lye as Dead all Wister; And yet witha little Heat of Sunne,or
Fire, rcuiue againe, A Dermonfe, both Winter and Summer will Sleeper
| fome daics together, and cat Nothing.

| Torettore Teethin Age, were Magnale Nature. It may be
thought of. But howfoeuer the Nature of the Teeth deferueth
to be enquired of, as well as the other Parts of Liuing Crea-

tures Bodies.

There be Five Parts inthe Bodies of Lining-Creatures, thatare of Hard
Suflance; The Skull; The Teeth; The Bones; The Horwes; and the Nailes.
The greateft Quantity of Hard Subftance Continued, is towards the
Head, For there isthe Skall of one Entire Bose; There are the Teeth;
There arethe Maxillary Bones; There isthe Hard Bone, that is the Inffra-
ment of Hearing ; And thence iffue the Hormes : So thatthe Building of
Liuing Creatures Bodies, is like the Building of a Timber-Houfe, where the
Walls and other Parts haue Columues and Beames; But the Roofe is, in
the better Sort of Hoa/es,all Tileor Lead,or Stone.As for Birds,they hauc
Three other Hard Subffances proper to them ; The Bil, which is of like
Matter with the Teeth ; Forno Birds haue Teeth: The Shell of the Egge:
And their Quils: Forastor their Spwrre, itis but a Naile. But no Li-
wing-Creatures, that haue Shels very liard; ( As Oiffers, Cockles, Muffles,
Scallops, Crabs, Lobfters,Cra-Filh, Shrimps, and efpecially the Tortesfe,)
haue Bowes within them, but onely little Griffles.

Bones, after full Growth, continue ata Stay: And fo doth the Skull :
Hornes, in {ome Creatures, are caft and renued: Teeth ftand ata Stay ex-

i cepttheir Wearing: Asfor Nailes,they grow continually: And Bis and
Beakes will oucr-grow, and fometimes be caft; as in Eagles,and Parrots,

Moftof the Hard Subftances flye to the Extremes of the Bedy;As Skall,
Hornes, Teeth, Nailes,and Beakes : Only the Bowes are more Jsward, and
clad with Flefh, As for the Entrailes, they are all without Bones ; Saue
that a Bone is (fometimes) found in the Heart ofa Stag; And iemay be
in fome other Creature,

| R ; The

LLL LLL

a a RE a

'
746 |
}

Experiments

in Confort
touching Teeth
and Hard Sab-
Aances in the
Bodies of Lining |

Creatares.
747 |
748

749

— I

188 |; Natural Hiflory:

-_-— —

750 The Skwil hath Braines, as a kinde of Marrow, within it, The
| Back-Bone hath one Kinde of Marrow, which hath ao Affinity with
\the Braine; And other Bones of the Body haue another, The /aw-Bones
\haueno Marrow Scuered, butalittle Palpe of Marrow diffuled, Teeth
| likewife are thought to hauea kinde of Marrow diffufed, which cau-
feth the Sesfe, and Paine : Bu itis rather Sianew ; For Marrow hath no
Senfe; No more than Blowd, Horne is alike thorowout; And fo is the
Natle,
751 None other of the Hard Sub/tances haue Sen/e,but the Teeth: And the
Teeth haue Senfe, not onely of Paine, but of Cold.
But we will leaue the Enquiries of ther Hard Subftances, unto their fe-
aerall Places ; And now enquire only of the Teeth.
752 The Teeth are, in Mem, of three Kindes: Sharpe, as the Fore-Teeth ;
Broad, as the Back-Teeth,which we cali the Molar-Teeth,ot Grinders;And
Pointed Teeth,or Canine,which are betweene both, But there haue beene
fome Aen, that hauc had their Teeth undiwided, as of one whole Bene,
with fome little Marke in the Place of the Diuifion; as Pyrrhws had,
Some Creatures hauc Ower-long, or Owt-growing Teeth, which wee call
Fangs, or Tuskes; As Boares,Pikes, Salmons, and Dogs though leffe. Some
Lining Creatures haue Teeth againft Teeth; As Men, and Horfes;, And
fome haue Teeth, efpecially their A¢a/fer-Teesh,indented one within An-
other, like Sawes; As Lions; And fo againe haue Dags, Some Fifbes haue
divers Rewes of Teeth in the Reofes of their Mosthes ; As Pikes, Salmons,
Trowts, &c, And many more in Salt-Waters. Snakes and other Serpents, |
haue Venomus Teeeh; which are fometimes miftaken for their Sting.
753 No Beat that hath Horses, hath Ypper Teeth; And no rae that |
hath Zeeth aboue, wanteth them below : Buryet if they be of the fame |
| kinde, it followeth not, that if the Hard Matter goeth not into ¥pper |
|
/

| Teeth, it will goe into Hormées; Nor yet econner/e; For Doe's, that haue
no Hornes, haue no Vpper Teeth.

754 Horfes haue, at three yeeres old, a Tooth put forth, which they call
the Coles Tooth; And at foure yeeres old there commeth the Mark-Tooth,

| which hath a Hole,as big as you may lay a Peafe within it;And that wea-
reth fhorter and (horter, euery yeere; Till that at eight yeeres old,the
Teeth is {mooth, and the Hele gone; And then they fay 5 That the Marke
is owt of the Horfes Mouth,

755 The Teeth of Men breed firft, when the Childe is about a yeere and
halfe old: And then they caft them, and new come about feuen yeeres

| old. But diuers haue Back-ward Teeth come forth at Twenty, yea fome
at Thirty, and Forty. Quere of the manner of the Comming of them
forth, They cella Tale of the old Cosmteffe of Defimond, who liued till
fhe was feuen-fcore yeeres old,that fhe did Demtire,twice or thrice;Ca-
fting her old Teeth, and others Comming in their Place,

756 Tecth are much hurt by Sweet-Meats; And by Paiusing with Mercary
And by Things Ower-bot; And by Things Oner-cold;And by Rhewmes. And
the Paine ofthe Teeth, is oncof the fharpeft of Patwes.

Concerning

u~—_—_—————

Century. V ill.

Concerning Teeth, thefe Things are to bee Confidered. 1. The
Preferwing of them, 2. The Keeping of them Waite. 3, The Drawing of |
them with Leaf Paine.4 The Staying and Eafing of tie Tooth- Ach.5.The |
Binding in of Artificial Teeth, where Teeth haue beene ftrucker: our, |
| 6. And laft ofal', that Great One, of Reftoring Teeth in Age, The In- |
| frances that give any hikelihood of Refforing Teeth in Age, ate; The Late.
Pee oa of Teeth in fome; And the Renewing of the Beakes in Birds,

which are Commateriall with Teeth, Quere therefore more particular-
= Si tharcommecth, And againe, the Renewing of Hornes. But yet |

thar hath not beene knowne to haue been prouoked by Art; Therefore
let Trial be made, whether Horwes may be procured to grow in Béa/ts
thatare not Horned, and how ? And whether they may be procured to
come Larger than vfuall; As to make an Oxe, or a Deere, haue a Greater
| Headof Hornes ? Add whether the Head of a Deere, thatby Age is more
Spitted, may ve brought againe to be more Branched ; For thefe Trials,
and the like, will fhew, whether by Art firch Hard Matter can be called,
_ and prouoked. It may be tried alfo, whether Birds may not haue fome
thing done to them, when they are Yowng, whereby they may be made
to haue Greater, or Longer Bils; Or Greater and Loager ‘Tallons? And
whether Children may not haue fome W/h,or Something to make their
Teeth Better, and Stronger ? Coral isin vie as an Helpe tothe Teeth of
children,

| COme Lining Creatures generate but at certaine Seafons of the Tere: As
Deere, Sheepe, Wilde Conneyes, 8c. And moft Sorts of Birds, and
Fifbes : Others at any time of the Yeere, as Mem; And all Domefticke Crea-
tures; As Horfes, Hog ges, Dogges, Cats, 8c. The Casfe of Géneration at
all Seafons feemeth to bee Fulneffe: For Generation is trom 'Redandancer.
This Falue/earifeth from two Cawfes ; Either from the’ Nature of the
Creature, it itbe Hot, and Moei/?, and Sanguise; Or ftom Plenty of Food,
| For the firlt, Mew, Horfes, Dogs, 8c, Which breed ar‘all Seafons, are full
of Heat and Moi/fure’; Doues are the fullett of Heat and Aoifture amonptt
Birds,and therefore breed often; The Tame Dewe almoft continually But
Deere are a Melancholy Dry Creature, as appeareth by their Fearefulne//e,
and the Hardueffe oftheir Fle(b. Sheepe are a Cold Creative, as appearcth

| by their Mildneffe,and for that they feldome Drinke, Moft fort of Birds
| areofa dry Swb/fancé in comparifon of Bea/ts: Fifhes are Cold, For the fe-
| cond Caafe,Fulneffe of Food ; Men, Kine, Swine, Dogs, &¢. feed full; And
| we fee that thofe Creatures, whichibeing Wilde; generate feldome, being
| Tame,generate often; Which is from Warmth,and Fulneffe of Food. We
| finde,that the Time of Going to Rut of Deere} 'is in September; For that
| they need che whole Summers Feed atid Graffe, to take them fit for Ge-
neration, Pind if Raine come Barly abotit the! Middle of September, they
goc to Rut fomewhat tie fooner ; If Drought fomewhar the later,’ So
| Sheepe, in refpe& of their {mall Hear, generate aboire rhe fame time, ‘or
fomewhat before, Bur for the moft part, Créatires chat generate at cer-
R 2 taine

en ne =

Experiments
in Conforc
touching the
Generation and
Bearing of Li-
aing Creatures
in the Wombe.

758

x

Experiments
| in Confort

touching Spe-
\ cies Vifible.

761

| hats no doubt,buc.Light by Refrattion will thew greater,as well

Neaturall Hijflor is |

taine Sea/ons, generate in the Spring ; As Birds, and Fifbes ; For thatthe |
Endofthe Winter, and the Heat, and Comfort of the Spring preparcth |
them, There is alfo another Rea/on,why fome Creatures generate at cer- |
taine Sea(ons: And that is the Relation of their Time of Bearing, to the
time of Generation: For no Creature goeth to generate, whileft the
Female is full, Nor whileft fhe is bufie in Sitting or Rearing her Young.
And cherefore it is found by Experience, that if you take the Egges, or
Young Ones, out ofthe Nea/ts of Birds, they will fall to generate againe,
three or foure times, one after another,

Of Liming Creatures, {ome are Longer time inthe Wombe, and fome
Shorter. Women goe commonly nine Moneths ; The Cow and the Ewes |
about fix Moneths; Do's goe about nine Moneths; Mares elcucn
Moneths ; Bétches nine Weekes ; Elephants arc {aid to goe two Yeeres;
For the Receiued Tradition of ten Y ceres is Fabulous, For Birds thereis
double Enquiry; The Défamce betweene the Treading or Coupling, and
the Laying of the Egge; Andagainc betweene the Egge Layed, and the
Difelofing or Hatching. And amongft Birds,therc is lefle Diwerfity of Time
than amongft other Creatures; yet fome there is: for the Hen fitteth
bucthree Weekes. The Turky-Hem, Goofe, and Ducke, a Moneth, Qaare
ofothers. The Cau/e of the great Difference of Times, amongtt Living
Creatures, is, Either from the Nature of the Kinde; Or from the Con/i-
tution of the Wombe.For the former,thofe that are longer in Comming to
their Maturity or Growth, are longer in the Wombe; Asis chiefly feene in
Men; And{o Elephants which are long in the Wombe, arelong time in
Comming to their full Greweb, But in moft other Kindcs, the Comfitation
of the Wombe, (thatis, the Hardweffe or Drine/fe thereof,) is concurrent
with theformer Cafe, For the Colt hath about foure yecres of Grewth;
And fo the.Fswne; And {othe Calfe. But Whelps, which come to their
Grewth (commonly) within. three Quarters ef a yeere, are but nine
Weekes in the Womsbe, As for Birds, as there is leffe Diuerfity amongft
them, in the time of their Bringing forth; So there is lefle Diuerfity in
the time of their Growth ; Moft of them comming to their Grewsh with-
ina Twelue-Moneth, .. :

Some Creatures bring forth many Young Ones ata Barthen, As Bit-
ches, Hares Conmayes,cc, Some (ordinarily) but One; As Womem, Lie
neffes, &c. This may be caufed either by the Qantity of Sperme. required
to the Producing Onc of that Kinde ; which if leffe,bee required, may
admit greater Number; Ifmore, fewer: Or by the Partitions and Cells
ofthe Wombe, which may feuer the Sperme. 4...

as Things Colowred, For like as a Sbillémg,in the Bottom of the Water,
will fhew greater; So willa Candle in a Lamthorne, inthe Bottomeof the
Water, I haueheard of a PraGtife, that Glo-wormes in Gla/fes were put in
the Water, to make the Fi) come, But] am novyet informed, whether
wheu a Diwer Diueth, hauing his Eyesopen, and fwimmeth vpon his
Backes

Century. VIII.

Backes whether (I fay) he feeth Things in the Aire greater,or leffe, For it

is manifelt, chat when the Eye ftandeth in the Finer Medium, and the
Obieé is in the Grofer,things thew greater ; But contrariwife,when the
Eye is placed in the Groffér Medium, and the O6ieé# in the Finer, how it
worketh I know not, ,

It would be well boulted out, whether great Refracfions may not bee
made vpon Reflexions,as well as vpon Direct Beames, For Example,We
fee that take an Ampty Ba/fen, put an Angell of Gold,or what you will, into
it; Then goe fo farre from the Baféx, tll you cannot fee the Angel, be-
caufeit isnot ina Right Line; Then fill the Bafen with Water, and you
thall {ce it out of his Place, becaufe of the Reflection, To proceed there-
fore, put a Looking-Glaffe into a Bafen of Water ; I {uppofe you fhallnot
fee the Jmage ina Right Line, or at equal) Angles, butafide. I know not,
whether this Experiment may not be extended fo, as you might fee the
Image, and not the Glaffe; Which for Beauty and Strangeneffe, were a
fine Proofe : For then you fhould fee the Zmage like a Spirit in the Aire,
Asfor Example, Ifthere bea Cefferne or Paole of Water,you fhall place
ouet againtt ita Picture of the Desill,or what you will,fo as youdoe not
feethe Water, Then puta Looksng-Glaffe in the Water: Now if you can
fee the Dewils Picfare afide, not feeing the Water, it will looke like a De-
uill indeed, They haue an old Talein Oxford, that Friar Bacon walked
betweence two Steeples: Which was thought to be done by Glaffes,when

| he walked vpon the Grownd,

A TVeighty Body put into Afotion, is more eafily impelled, than at firft
when it Reffeth, TheCau/é is, Partly becaufe Motion doth difcufle
the Torpeur of Sol:d Bodies;W hich befide their Motion of Graasty,haue in
them a Natarall Appetite, not to moue atall; And partly becaufe a Body
that refteth,doth ger, by the Re/i/tance of the Body vpen which it refteth,
a ftronger Comprefiion of Parts, than ithath of it Selfe : And therefore
needeth more Forcetobe put in Motion. For ifa Weighty Body be Pen-
file, and hang but by a Thred, the Percuffion will make an Jmpulfion very
neere as eafily, as ifit were already in Motion,

A Body Ouer-great, or Ouer-(mall, willnot be throwne fo farre, as a
Body of a Middle Size: So that (itfeemeth) there muft be a Commen/ise
ration, or Proportion, betweene the Body Moned, and the Force, to make it
moue well, TheCau/e is, becaufe to the /mpulfiow, there is requifite the
Force of the Body that Moweth, and the Refi/tance of the Body that is Mo-
ued: And if the Body be too great, it yeeldethtoolittle; And if it be too
fall, it refifteth too little,

It is Common Experience, that no Weight will preffe or cut fo ftroxg,
being laid vpon a Body, as Falling, of ftrucken ftom aboue. It may be
the Aire hath fome part in furthering the Percufson:But the chiefe Cawfe
Itake to be, for that the Parts of the Bedy Moued, haue by impalfion or
by the Motion of Grauity continued, a Comprefiion in them, as well down-
wards, as they haue when they are throwne, or Shot thorow the Aire,

191

762

Experinients
in Confort,
touching Im-
pulfion and Per-
cuffien.

763

764

765

R 3 forwards. |

ees

ee emanated |

192 | N aturall FAistory: |
forwards, I concciue alfo, that the quicke Loofe of that Motion, preucn-
teth the Re/iffance of the Body below , And Preority of the Force (alwaies) |
is of great Efficacy; As appeareth in infinite Jmffances.

Experiment 4 lion is moft in the Seles of the Feet, and vnder the Arme-Holes,

ching Palle. and onthe Sides. The Caw/e is, the Thinne/fe of the Skinne in thofe

tio Parts ; loyned with the Rareneffe of being touched there, For all Tick-

766 | ling isa light Motion of the Spirits, which the Thinneffe of the Skin, and |

Suddenneffe,and Rareneffe ot Touch, doe further : For we fee,a Feather,or

a Rufh, drawnc along the Lip, or Cheeke, doth tickle ; VWhereas a Thing

more Obtafé, or a Tesch more Hard, doth not. And for Suddenneffe; We

fee no Man can tickle himfelfe: We fee alfo, thar the Palme of te Hand, |

| though it hath as Ths a Skin, as the other Parts Mentioncd, yet is not |

Ticklith, becaufe it is accuftomed to be Touched, Tickling allo cauferh

Laughter, The Caufe may be, the Emiffion of the Spirsts, and fo of the

Breath,by a Flight from Tstillation;For vpon Tickling we fee there is cucr

a Starting, ot Shrinking away of the Part, toauoid ir; And we fee alfo,

thatif you Tickle the Nefbrils, with a Feather, or Straw, it procureth

Smeezing ; Which is a Suddew Em/Stom of the Spirits, that doc like-

wile expell the Moifwre, And Ticklsng is cucr Painfull, and not well en-
dured.

|

| Experimert T is ftrange, that the Riser of A slus, Oucr-flowing as it doth, the
ching scar. | @Conntry of Aeypt, there fhould be neuertheleffe little or no Raine in
city of Rame in | that Cowntry. The Can/e muft be, Either in the Natwre of the Water; Or
OM. in the Natare of the Aire ; Or of Both, In the Water, it may be afcribed,
797 |eithervnto the Long Race of the Water: For Swift Running Waters va-
pour not fo muchas Standing Waters ; Or elfe to the Concocfien of the
Waser;F ot Waters well Concocted vapour not fo much,as Waters Raw;No
more than Waters vpon the Fire doc vapour fo much, after fome time of
Bowling, asat the firft, And it is truethac the Water of Nélus is fweeter
| than other Waters in Tafte , And it is excellent Good for the Stowe, and
Hypochondriacall Melanchely; Which fheweth itis Lenefyéng: And itrun-
neth thorew a Cowntrey of a Hot Climate, and flat, without Shade, either
| of Woods, ot Hills; VWhereby the S#nne mult needs haue great Power
to Concoct it. As forthe Aire, (from whence I conceiue this Want of
Showers commeth chiefly;) The Cas/é mutt be, forthat the ire is, of
it felfe, Thin and Thirty; And as foone as euer it getteth any Moiffarcy
from the Water, it imbibeth,and diffipaceth it, in the whole body of the
Aire; And fufterethicnot co remaine in Vapowr ; Whereby it might

| breed Raine,

Experiment [¢ hath beene touched in the Title of Percolations, (Narnely fuch as
a mayo ||| Mare Inwards,) that the Whites of Egs, and Milke, doe clarifie ; And itis
hal sas certaine, chat in Aigypt, they prepare and clarifie the Water of Nile, by

768 putting itinto great Jarres of Stowe, and Stirring it about with a few

Stamped

.
ee eis ecanppeitl 7 ee eee

|

Century. VIVI.

Stamped Almonds ; Wherewith they alfo befmeare the Mouth of the
Veffek, And fo draw it off, after ithath refted fome time. It were good,
to tric this Clarifying with Almonds, in New Beere, or Muff, to haften and

perfect the Clarifying.

T Here be {carce to be found any Vegetables,that haue Branches,and no
Leawes except you allow Coral for one, But there is alfo in the De-

farts of S. Macario in eBegypt,a Plant which is Long, Leauelefle, Browne

of Colour, and Branched like Cora/l, faue that it clofeth at the Zep. This

being fet in Water within Houfe,{preadeth and difplayeth ftrangely;And

the People thereabouts haue a Superftitious Bcleefe, that in the Labowr

of Women, it helpeth to the Eafie Delinerance

+a Cryftalline Venice Glafe, is reported to be a Mixture, in equall
Portions, of Stones, brought from Pawia,by the Riser Ticiaum ; And
the Afhes of a Weed called by the Arabs Kall, which is gathered in a De-
fart beeweene Alexandria and Rofetta; Andis by the &gyptians vfed firt
for Fuell; And then they cruth the Afbes into Lumps, hike a Stome ; And

fo fell them to the Venetians for theit Glaffe-workes.
a is ftrange, and well to be noted, how long Carka/fes haue continued
Vacorrupt, and in the former Dimenfiows ; As appearcth in the Afwm-
mies of Agy7t; Hauing lafted, as is concciued, (fomeof them,) three
thoufand yeercs, It is true,they finde Meanes to draw forth the Braéwes,
and to take forth the Entrailes,which are the Parts apteft to corrupt,But
that is nothing to the Wonder: For we fee, whata Soft and Corrup-
tible Swuffance the Fle/h,of all the other Parts of the Body, is.But it fhould
feeme,that according to our Obfersation,and Axiome,in our hundredth
Experiment, Putrefaction, which we conceiue to be fo Naturall a Period
of Bodies, is bucan Accidemt ; And that Master maketh not that Hafteto
Corruption, that is conceived, And therefore Bodies, in Shining- Amber ;
Ia Quick-Silner 5 In Balmes, (whereof wee now {peake; ) In Wax 5 In
Honey; 10 Gamsmes ; And (it may be) in Confernatories of Swow ; &c. arc
pteferued very long. Itneed not goe for Repetition, if we refume againe
that which we faid in the aforefaid Experiment, concerning Aspibilats-
on; Namely, that if you prouide againft three Caufes of Putrefaction,
Bodies will not corrupt : The Firft is, that the Aire be excluded ; For that
vndermineth the Bsdy, and confpireth with the Spirit of the Body to dif-
folus it, The Second is,that the Bedy Adsacent and Awslient benot Com-
material], but meerely Heterogeneall towards the Body that is to be
preferued : For 1f Nothing can be receiued by the One,Nothing can if-
fue from the Other ; Such are Owick-Siluer, and White- Amber, to Herbs,
and Fizes,and{uch Bodies, The Third is that the Body ro be preferued,be
not of that Groffe, that it may corrupt within it felfe, although no Pert
of itiffue into the Bedy Adjacent: And therefore it mult be rather Thin,
and Small, than of Bulke, There is a Fourth Remedie alfo, whichis ;
That

gn
eng

cP

Experiment}
Solitary, tou- ;
ching Plamis
wihout Leawes.

!

769

Experiment |
Solitary tou- |
ching the Ma.

terials of Glaffe.

772

|
}

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Probibi-
tion of Prutrefae
étwz, and the
Long Conferuatir
on of Bedies.

ii

Ty nM essen! Spe ae, Sie
| Natural. Hiftory:

194

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the 4-

bundance of Ni-

tre in certaine
Sea-Sboares.

77*

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Bodies
that are borne
up by Water.

773

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Fuell,

that confumeth
little,or nothing.

774%

That ifthe Body to be preferued be of Bulke, as a Corps is, then the Bady
that Inclofeth it,muft hauea Vertue todraw forth,and drie the Moiffure
of the Jwward Body; For elfe the Patrefaction will play within, though
nothing iffue forth. I remember Ziay doth relate,that there were found,
ata time, two Coffins of Lead, in a Tombe; VWVhereof the one contained
the Body of King Numa; It being fome foure hundred yeares after his

‘| Death: And the other,his Bookes of Sacred Rites and Ceremsonies,and the

Difcipline of the Pontifes,; And thatin the Coffin that had the Bedse,there
was Nothing(atall)to be feene,bura little ight Czmders about the Sides;
But in the Coffin that had the Bookes,they were found as frefh, as if they
had beene but newly Written;being written in Parchment,and coucred
ouer with Watch-Candles of Wax, three or foure fold. By this it feemeth,
that the Romans, in Nawa's time, were not fo good Embalmers, as the
eAzyptians were; Which was the Caa/e that the Body was veterly con-
fumed, But I finde in Plutarch, and Others, that when Anonfhus Cafar
vifited the Sepulchre of Alexander the Great, in Alexandria, he tound the
Body to keepe his Démenfion ; But withall ,that, notwithftanding all the
Embalming, (which no doubt was of the beft,) the Body was fo Tender,
as Cafar touching but the Nofe of it, defaced it, Which maketh mee
finde it very ftrange,that the -Agyptian Adummies fhould be reported to
'beas Hard as Steme-Pitch: ForI finde no difference but one ;. Which
indeed may be very Materiall ; Namely, thatthe Ancient egyptian
Mummies, were fhrowded ina Number of Folds of Zisnem, befmeared
with Gumsmes,in manner of Seare-Cleth; Which it doth not appeare was
practifed vpon the Body of Alexander.

Eare theCaffle of Casie, and by the Wells of Ajfam, inthe Land of
Idumea, a great Part of the Way, you would thinke the Ses were
neare hand, thoughit be a good diftance off: And itis Nothing, but
the Shining of the Nitre, vpon the Sea-Sands ; Such Abundance of Nitre
| the Shores there doe put forth,
He Dead-Sea, which vomiteth vp Bitamen, is of that Craffitude, as
Lining Bodies bound Hand and Foor, caft into it,haue beenc borne
| vps and not funke. Which fheweth, that all Sinking into Hater,is butan
| Omer-Weight of the Bedy, put into the Water, in refpect of the Waser: So |
that you may make Water fo ftrong, and heany, of Quick-Siluer, (per
haps,) or the like, as may beare vp Jron : Of which I fee no Vie, but Im-
| pofture, We fee alfo, that all avetalls, except Gold, for the fame reafon,
{wimme vpon Qaick-Stlaer.

|; is reported, that at the Foot of a Hill,neare the Mare mortuum,therc

is a Blacke Stone, (whereof Pilgrims make Fires,) which burneth likea_

Coale, and diminifheth not; But onely waxeth Brighter, and Whiter. |

That it fhould doe fo, is nor ftrange; For we fee Jrow Red Hot burneth,

| and confumeth not:But the Strangeneffe is,that it fhould continue any |
time |

Century. VIII.

time fo: For Jron, as fooneas it is our ofthe Fire, deaderh ftraight-
waies, Certainly, it were a Thing of great Vic,and Profit, if yowceuld
finde our Fwed, that would burne Hot, and yet laft long: Neither am I
altogether Incredulous, buttheremay be firch Candles, as they fay are |
made of Salamanders Wooll: Being a Kinde of Mineral, which whiteneth |
alfa in the Burning, and confumeth not, The Queftion.is this ; Flames
muft.be made of fomewhat; And commoily it is made of fome. Tangi-
ble Body, which hath Weight: Butit is not impoffible, perhaps, thatic
fhould be made of Spirit or Vapoar, ina Body 3 ( which Spiritor Vapour
hath noWight ;) {uchas is the Matter of Jews Fatuus, But then-you
will fay, that that Papour alfo can laft buta fhort time: To that it may |
be anfwered, That by the helpe of Oile and Wax,and other Candle- Stoffe,
the Flame may continue, and the Heke not burne,

Ea-Coale laftlonger than Char-Coale; And Char-Coale of Roots,being
Geosed into great Peeces, laft longer than Ordinary Char-Coale,
Turfe, aud Peat, and Cow-Sheards,are cheape Fuels, and Jatt long. Small-
Coale, or Briar-Coale, powred vpon Char-Coale, make them laft longer.
Sedge isa cheape Fuell to Brew, or Bake with; the rather becanfe itis
goodfor Nothing elfe, Triallwould be made of fome Mixture of Sea
Coalewith Earth, os Chalke; For if that Mixtare be,as the Sea-Coale-Men
vfe it, priuily, to make the Bulke of the Coale greater, it is Deceit ; Butif
itbe vfed purpofely, and be made knowne, it is Sauing.

[; is, atthis Day, in vfe, in Gaza, to couch Pot-Sheards or Veffels of

Earth, in theit Walls, to gather the Wind fromthe Top, and to paffe it
downe in Spours into Roomes, It is a Deuice for Frefhneffe, in great
Heats: And itis faid, thereare fome Roomes in Italy,and Spaine, for
Fre(bueffe,and Gathering the Winds,and Aire, in the Heats of Summer But
they be but Pennings of the Winds, and Enlarging themagaine, and Ma-
king them Rewerberase, and goe rownd in Circles, rather than this Dewice of

Spouts io the Wall.

bape would be vfed much diligence,in the Choice of fome Bodies,
and Places,(as it were) for the Ta/fing of Aire;to difcouer the Whole-
fomene(fe or Vawhelefomene(fe, as well of Seafons,as of the Seats of Dwel-
lings, It iscertaine, thatthere be fome Hoses, wherein Confitures, and
Pies, will gather Mowld,morc than in Others, And I. am perfwaded,that
a Peece of Raw Flefh, or Fifh, will {ooner corruptin fome Aires, than in
Others, They be noble Experiments, that can make this Difcouery 5 For
they ferue for a Natarall Diwination of Seafons ; Better than the 4/trome-
mers camby their Figsres : And againe, they'tcach Aen where to chife

their Dwelling, for their better Health, . i
T Here isa Kinde of stone, about Bethlee which they grinde to Pew-
der,and put into Water, whereof Catteldtinke;whichanaketh them
gine

195

—_ —___

Experiment
Solitary Qeco-
nomicall rou-
ching €brape
Fuell.

77)

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Ga-
theringof Wind
for Frefbneffe.

776

Experiment
Solitary teu-
ching the Tri- +
alls of Aires,

777

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Increa-

196

| fing of Milke in

|
t
|
|
}
|

Mulch Bealls.

778

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Sand of
the Nature of
Glaffe.

773-

| Experiment
| Solitary tou-
| ching the

; Growth of Co-
| ral.

|
|
|

i
\

789

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Ga-
thering of

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Cor-
recling of Wine,

7oe

—e ——_—— —

Natural Hiftory :

giuc more Milke, Surely, there would be fome better Trialls made of
Mixtures of Water in Ponds for Cattell,co make them more Milch; Orto |
Fattenthem; Or to Keepe them from Murraine, It may be, Chalke, and
Nitre, are of the beft,

[2 is reported, that in the Valley, neere the Mountaine Carmel, in Iudea,
there is a Sawa, which of all other, hath moft Afhnity with Glaffe 5 In-
fomuch as other Minerals, laid in it, turne to a Glaffie Subftance, with-
out the Fire,And againc Gla/e put into it,turneth into the Mother-Sand.
The thing is very ftrange,if 1t be truc:And itis likelieft to be Caufed by
fome Natural Fornace, ot Heat in the Earth: And yetthey doenot {peak |
of any Eruption of Flames, It were good to try in Glaffe-Workes, whe- |
ther the Crude Materials of Glaffe, mingled with Glafe,already made,and
Re-moulten, doe not facilitate the Making of Gla//e with lefle Heat.

N the Sea, vpon the South-Weff of Sicily, much Coral is found, It is a

Sab- Marine Plant, Ichathno Leaues: Irbrancheth only when itis vn~
der Water ; [cis Soft, and Greene of Colowr; But being brought into the
Aire, it becommeth Hard, and Shining Red, as we fee. It is faid alfo,
to hauc a White Berry ; But we finde it not brought ouer with the Coral,
Belike it is caft away as nothing worth: Inquire better of it, for the Dif-
conery of the Wature of the Plant.

He Manna of Calabria is the beft, and in moft Plenty, They gather

it from the Leafe of the samlberry Tree; But not ot fuch Malberrie>
Trees, as grow in the Valley's, And Manna falleth vpon the Leawes by
Neéght,as other Dewes do. It fhould feeme, that before thofe Dews come
vpon Trees in the Valley's, they diffipate, and cannot hold our. It fhould
feemealfo the Mulberry-Leafe, it {elfe,hath fome Coagulating Vertue,
which in{piffateth the Dew, for that ic is not found vpon other Trees:
And we fee by the Sake-Worme, which feedeth vpon that Leafe, whata
Dainty Smooth Juyce it hath; And the Zeawes alfo, (efpecially of the
Blacke Mulberry, ) ate fomewhat Briftly, which may helpe to preferue
the Dew, Certainly,it were not amifle,to obferue a little better the Dews
that fall vpon Trees, or Herbs, Growing on Mountaines; For, itmay be,
many Dewes fall,that{pend before they come to the Valleyes, And I fup-
pofe, that he that would gather the beft May-Dew for Medicine, (hould
gather it ftom the Hills,

] T is faid, they haue a manner, to prepare their Greeke-Wines, to keepe
them from Faming,and /mebriating by adding fome Sulphur,or Alome:
Whereofthe one is sc?ueus,and the other is Afringent, And:certaine
itis, thatthofe two Natures doc beft reprefle Fames, This Experiment |
would be transferred, vnto other Wine, and Strong Beere, by Putting in
fome like Sabfrances, whilethey worke; Which may make them both
to Fume leffe, and to Jaflame lefic, |
It

en

Century. VIII.

es is conceined by fome,(nor improbably,)thar the reafon,why Wilde.

Fires, (whereof the principall Ingredient 1s Bitumen,) doe not quench
with Water, is, for chac the firft Concretion of Bitumen is a Mixture of a |
Fiery, and Watry Subjtance : So is noc Sulphur, This appeareth, for that
in the Place neare Pxteoli, which they cal! the Court of Vulcan, you thal}
heare, vnder the Earth, a Horrible Thundring of Fire, and Warer, con-
fiGing together: And there breake forth alfo Spowts of Bayling Water.
Now that Place yecldeth great Quantities of Bitamen; Whereas e£tna,
and Ve/auius, and the like, which confit vpon Sulpbar, fhoot forth
Smoake,and Afbes, and Pumice, but no Water [tis reported alfo, that Bz-
tumen Mingled with Lime, and Put vader Water, will make,as it were,an
Artificiall Rocke ; The Subftance becommeth fo Hard,

Here is 2 Cement, compounded of Flowre, Whites of Eoges, and Stone

powdred, that becommeth Hard as Marble; wherewith Pifcina mira-
bilis, ncare Cuma, is faid to haue the Walls Plaftered. And itis certaine,
and tried, that the Powder ot Lead-Stone, and Flint, by the Addition of
Whites of Egges, and Gam-Dragen, made into Paffe, willin a few dayes
harden to the Hardnefle ofa Stone,
[t hath beene noted by the Ancients, that in Fall or lmpure Bodies, 1-

cers or Hurts in the Legs,are Hard to Cure; And in the Head more Ea-

fic. The Caufeis, for that Ficers or Hurts in the Legs requite Deficcation,
which by the Deflexios of Hamosrs to the Lower Parts is hindred; Wher-
as Hurts and Vicers in the Head require it not ; But contrariwife Drineffe
maketh them more apt to Confolidate, And in Moderne Obferuation,
the like difference hath been found, betweene French-Men,and Engli(b-

Men; Whereof the ones Confitutio® is more Drie, and the others more
Moif?. And therefore a Hurt of the Head is hardet to cute in a French-

Man,and of the Legge in an Englifh- Man,

[- hath beene noted by the Ancients, that Southerne Winds, blowing
much, without Raine,doe caufe a Femourous Difpo/ition of the Yeare;But

with Raine,not. The Cau/e is,for that Sousherne Winds doe, of themfelues,

qualrfic the Aire, to be apr to caufe Fesers; But when Showers are ioy-

ned, they doe Refrigerate in Part, and Checke the Sulery Heat of the

Sontherne Wind. Therefore this holdeth notin the Sea-Ceafts, becaufe |
the Vapour of the Sea, without Shewers, doth refrefh,

T hath beene noted by the Amcients, that Wounds which are made
with Braff, heale more eafily,than Woasds made with Irom. The Café |
is, for that Braffe hath, in it {elle, a Samatine Vertue; And fo in the very In-
ftanthelpeth fomewhat: But /rom is Corrofive, and not Samative, And
therefore it were good, that the Inftruments which are vfed by Chirure
gians abont wounds, were rather of Bra//e, than Iron,
- In

ee eee

197

Ls
Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Ma
terials of Wilde-
Fires,

783

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching Plafer
growing as
Hardas Marble.

784

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching I bd gee
ment of the
€ure in fome
Viers and
Harts,

785

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the
Healthfulueffe
er Vasbealthful-
nelle ofthe Sex
therne Wind.

786

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Wows,

787

SR ie CS le
198 | N aturall History:
ee | [N the Cald Couwtries, when Mens No/és and Eares are Mortified, and

ching Monif. | * (as it were) Gangrened with Cd/d, if they come toa Fire, they rot off |
cationby Cold. | prefently. The Cau/eis, tor thatthe few Spirits, that remaine in thofe
788 | Parts, are fudden!y drawneforth,and fo PutrefaZion is made Complear,
But Saow Put vpon them, helpeth; For thar it preferueth thofe Spirits
that remaine, till they can reuiue; And bcfides,Smow hath in it a Secret
Warmth : As the Monke proued out of the Text ; Qui dat Niner ficut La-
nam, Gelu ficut Cineres (pargit. VWhereby he did inferre, thar Suow did
warme like Wooll, and Froff did fret like Ajhes. Warme Water alfo doth
good ; Becaufe by littleand lictle it openeth the Pores, without any fud-
den Working vpon the Spérsts, This Experiment may be transterred
vnto the Cwre of Gangrenes, either Comming of themfclues, or induced |
by too much Applying of Opiates : Wherein you muft beware of Drie |
Heat, and refort to Things that are Refrigerant, with an Inward Waresth,
‘and Fertwe of Cherifhing.

awe. the Aqua Forts : And weigh the Dif/olution ; And you fhall finde

789 it to beare as good Weight, as the Bodies did feuerally : Notwith{tanding
a good deale of Watfte,by a thicke Vapoar, that iffueth during the Wor-
king: VVhich fheweth, that the Opening of a Body, doth increafe the
Weight, This was tried once, or twice, but I know not, whether there
were any Erreur, in the Trial,

Experiment W Eigh Iron, and Aqua Fortis, feuerally ; Then diffolue the Jrea in

ae T Ake of 4qua-Fortis two Ounces, of Quick-filuer two Drachmes; (For

ching the Su- that Charge the Agua-Forts willbeare;) The Défolution will not

per-Natation of | beare a Flint, as big as a Nutmeg: Yet (no doubt) the Increafing of the

er Weight of Water, willincreafchis Power of Bearing; As wee {ee Broine,

79° | whenitis Sale enough, will beare an Egge, And I remember well a Phy-

fitian, that vfed to giue fome Minerall Baths for the Goat, &c, And the

| Body when it was put into the Bath, could nor getdowne fo eafily, as in

Ordinary Water. But it feemeth, the Weight of the Qwick-filser, more

| than the Weight of a Stonesdoth not compenfe the Weight of a Stone,more
thanthe Weighs of the Aqua- Fortis.

eect neat ee a ae
nr

Experiment

Ey Et there be a Body of Vnequall Weight; (As of Wood and Lead,or Bone

ching the Fy- |B Uand Lead; ) If you throw it from you with the Light-Exd forward,

ing of Vamqual \it will turnejand the Weightier End will recouer to be Forwards;Volefle

Bediesin the \ the Body be Oucr-long. The Caw/é is, for thatthe more Den/e Body, hath

so, amore Violent Preffare of the Parts, from the firft mpulfiow ; Whichis

79 the Caufe, (though heretofore not found our, as hath beene often faid,)

of all Fiolewt Motions: And when the Hinder Part moucth {wifter, (for

thar itleffe endureth Prefwre of Parts,) than the Forward Part canmake

way forit, it muft needs be, that the Bodyturncouer: For (turned) it

can more eafily draw forward the Lighter Part, Galileus noreth it well;
That if an Opew Trough, whercin Water is,bc driuen fafter chan the Water
can }

a en woe SS eee

te

Century. VIII.

can follow, the Water gathereth vpon an heap, towards the Hinder End,
where the Motion began ; Which he fuppofeth, (holding confidently
the Afotion of the Earth,) to be the Cau/e of the Ebbing and Flowing of the
Ocean;Becaule the Earth ouer-runneth the Water.Which Theory,though
itbefalfe, yet the firit Experiment istrue, As forthe Inequality of the

Preffare of Parts, it appeareth manifeftly in this; That if you take a Body |

of Stone, or Jron, and another of Wood, of the fame Magnitude,and S/ape, |

|and throw them with equall Force, you cannot poffibly throw the |

Wood, fo farre,as the Stone, or ron,

ie is certaine, (as it hath beene formerly, in part, touched,) that 1%- |
ter may be the Medium of Sounds. If you dath a Stone againft a Stone
in the Bottome of the Water, it maketh a Sound, Soa long Pole {truck vp-
on Grasell, in the Bottome of the Wa#er, maketh a Sound, Nay, if you
fhould thinke thatthe Sead commeth vp by the Pole, and not by the
Water, you fhall finde that an Aschor, lec downe by a Rope, maketh a
Sound; And yet the Roape is no Solid Body, whereby the Sowwd can
afcend,

Al Obiecs of the Senfes,which are very Offenfine, do caufe the Spi-
rits to retire; And vpon their Flight,the Parts arc (in fome degree)
deftirute; And fo there is induced in. them a Trepidation and Horrowr.For
Sounds,we fee thatthe Grating of a Saw, or any very Har{h Noi/e, will fet
the Teeth on edge, and makeall the Bedy Shiuer, For Ta/tes, we fee that
in the Taking of a Potion, or Pils, the Head, and the Necke fhake, For 0-
dious Smels, the like Effeé& followeth, which is leffe perceiued, becaufe
there is a Remedy athand,by Stopping of the Nofé : But in Horfes,that
can vieno fuch Help, we {ee the Smell of a Carrion, efpecially of a Dead
Horfé, maketh them fly away, and take on, almoft as if they were Mad.
For Feeling, ifyou come out of the Susne, fuddenly, intoa Shade, there
followeth a Chilne/fe or Shisering in all the Bady. And cuen in Sight,
which hath (in effect) no Odiows Obied?, Comming into Sudden Dark-
neffe,induceth an Offer to Shiver.

Here is, in the City of Ticiswm, in Italy, a Church, that hath Win-
‘RK dowesonely fromaboue: It isin Length an Hundred Feet, in

| Breadth Twenty Feet,and in Height neere Fifty; Hauing a Doore in the

i

Middeft, Itreporteth the Voice, twelue or thirteenc times, if you ftand
by the Clofe £nd-Wab,ouer againft the Doore. The Eccho fadeth and dy-
eth by little and little,as the Eccho at Powt-charenton doth, And the Voice
foundeth, as ifitcame from aboue the Doore, And if you ftand at the
Lewer End, or on either Side of the Doore, the Eccho holdeth ; But if you
ftand in the Doore, or inthe Mésddef iuft ouer againft the Deore, not,
Note that all Eccho’s found better againft O/d walls, chan New ; Becaufe
they are more Dry, and Hollow,

S Thofe

199

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Water,
that it may bee
the Medium of
Sounds.

79%

Experiment
Solitary of the
Flight of the;
Spirits ypon O=
dios Obiets.

793

Experiment
solitary tou-
ching the Si-
per-Reflexion of
Eccho’s.

794

200

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Force
of Imagination,
Imitating that
ofthe Sen/e.

795

Experiment
Solitary teu-
ching Prefer-
nation of Bodics.

796

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the
Growth, or
Multiplying of
Metals.

797

Experiment
Sohury, tous
ching the
Drowning of
the more Bafe
Metall in the

| wore Precious.

| 798

NK aturall Aistory:

Hofe Effects, which are wrought by the Percu fiom of the Senfe,and

by Things in Faéf, are produced likewife, in fome degree, by the
Imagination, Therefore ifa Man fee another eat Sowre or Acide Things,
which fet the Teeth on edge, this Object taimteth the Imagination. So that
he that feeth the Thing done by another,hath his owne Teeth alfo fet on
edge. So if a Man fee another tuirne fwiftly, and long ; Or if he looke
vpon Wheeles that turne, Himfelfe waxeth Twrne-ficke. Soifa Manbee
vpon an High Place, without Railes, or good Hold, except he be vfed to
it,he is Ready to Fall: For /msagining a Fall,it putteth his Spirsts into the
very Acties of a Fall, So Many vpon the Seesmg of others Bleed, or
Strangled, or Tortwred, Themf{elues are ready to faint, as if they Bled, or
were in Sérifer,

——
——$

Bae eee and tie ie gently vpon a Sticke, and put
them both intoa Stoope-Gla/e, full of QO wick-filner, fo that the Flower

be couered: Then lay a little Wesght vpon the Top of the Gla//e,that may |

keepe the Sticke downe; And look vpon them after foure or fiue daies 5
And you fhall finde the Flower Freth, and the Stalke Harder, and leffe
Flexible, than it was, If you compare it with another Flower, gathered
at the fame time, it willbe the more manifeft. This fheweth, that Bodies
doe preferuc excellently in Quick-filwer ; And not preferue only,bur,by
the Coldneffe of the Qaick-filuer, Indorate; For the Frefhneffe-of the
Flower may be meerely Con/erwation; (which is the moreto be ebfer-
ued, becaufe the Quick-filwer preffeth the Flower;) But the Stiffewe/fe of
the Stalke cannot be without Zadwration, fem the Cold (as it feemeth,)
of the Osick-filwer,

be is reported by fome of the Ancients, that in Cyprws, there is a Kinde
of Zron, that being cutinto Listle Peeces, and put into the Grown, if
it be well Watred, 'will increafe into Greater Peeces, This is certaine,

jand knowne of Old; That Lead will multiply, and Increafe; As hath

beene feenc in Old Ssatwa's of Stone, which haue beene put in Cellars;
The Feet of them being bound with Leades Bands; Where (after a time)
there appeared, thatthe Lead did {well ; Infomuch as it hanged vpos
the Stone like Warts.

| Call Drowning of Metals, when that the Befer Metall, is fo incorpo-
rate with the more Réch, as it can by no Meanes be feparated againe:
which is a kinde of Verfiew, though Falfe: As if Silwer (hould be infepa-
rably incorporated with Geld; Or Copper,and Lead,with Silwer. The An-
cient Elec#rwm had in it a Fifth of Silwer to the Geld; And madea Com-
pound Metall, as fit for moftvfes, as Geld; And moreRefplendent, and
more Qualified in fome other Properties; But then that was ¢afily Se-
parated, This todoe priuily, or to make the Compownd pafle for the
Rich Metall Simple, is an Adulteration, or Counterfeiting : But if it bee
done Auowedly, and without Difguizing, it may bea great Sawing om

the

“Contig V TY. a

the Richer Métal. Lremember tohane heardlofi Man, skill vel

uered by any Water of Separation Except you put a Greater Onanthty
of Siluer,co draw to it the Lefle;which (hefaid)yisthe laftRefuge in Se
parstions, Bot thar isatedious wayywhich no\Man (alnioft) wall thinke
on, Thiswould be berrerenquired ;And the Qaanrity of ehé Fifteenth
turnedtaaEwentieth; Aodlikewtfewith fome little sdditionall, that
may furtheathe Jatrinfigue Incorporation, N ote thar Silwer in Gold will be
detected by Wight, compared withthe Dimesifion ; But Lead in Siluer,
(Lead being the Weightéer Metall,) will not bee Were&ed; Ifyou take
fo much the more Silver, as will counteruailé the Oner-Weight of the
Lead. 309

Old is the only Sub/tance, which hathnothing in it Volatile, and yet

melteth without much difficulry, The Meltisg theweth that it is
not [eiunc,or Scarce in Spirit.So that the Fixing of it,is not Want of Spi-
rit co fly our, but the Equall Spreading of the Tangible Parts, and the
Clofe Coaceraation of them: Whereby they haue the leffe Appetite,and
no meanes-(atall) to iffue forth, Itwere good therefore to try, whe-
ther Gla/fe Re- Moulten doe leefe any Weight ? Forthe Parts in Glaffe are
evenly Spred ; Bur they are not fo Clofeas inGold; As wee fee by the
Eafie Admiffion of Light, Heat, and Cold; And by the Swmalneffe of the
Weight. There be other Bodies, Fixed, which haue little or no Spé-
| rit: So as there is nothing to fly out; As we fee in the Stuffe, where-
of Copples are made; WhichWicy put into Furnaces ; Vpon which Fire
worketh not: So that there are three Cas/es of Fixation ; The Even
Spreading both of the Spirits, and Tangible Parts; The Glofeneffe ofthe
Tangible Parts; And the Jeiumene([e or Extreme Comminution of Spirits :
Ofwhich Three, the Two Firft may be ioyned with a Nature Ligquef-
able; The Laftnor,

a Ey

| T isa Profound Comtemplation in Natwre, to confider of the Empti-
i (as we may call it) or Jnfatisfaction of feucrall Bodies; And of their
Appetite to take in Orhers, Aire taketh in Lights, and Sounds,and Smels,
and Vapours ; And itis moft manifeft, that it doth it, with a kinde of
Thirft, as not fatisfied with his owne former Confiftencc ; For elfe ir
would neuer receiue them in fo fuddenly, andeafily. Water and all Zi-
quours, doc haftily receiue Dry and more Terre/triall Bodies, Proportio-
nable; And Dry Bodies, on the other fide,drinke in Waters, and Liquors:
So thar, (as it was well faid, by one of the Ancients, of Earthy and Watry
Sabjfances,) One isa Glue to another, Parchment, Skins, Cloth, &c. drinke
in Ligaors, though themfelues be Emtire Bodies, and not Comminuted, as
Sand,and Afbes; Nor apparantly Porous: Metals themfelues doe re-
ceiue in readily Strong-Waters ; And Strong-Waters likewife doe readily
pierce into Metals, and Stones: And that Strosg-Vater will touch vp-
on Gold, chat will not touch vpon Silwer ; And é conwerfo, And Gold,
: $2 which

that a Fifttenth Part of Silver,incorporare with Gold,will pot be Ree

Experiment
Solitary toa-
ching Fixaticn

of Bodies. ‘

799

Experiment
Solitary ton-
ching the Ref-
leffe Nature of
Things in
Themfelues, and +
their Defire to
Change.

800

202 " Naturall History:

which feemeth by the Weight to be the Clofeft, and meft Solid Body,
doth greedily drinke in Qwsck-Silwer. Andit feemeth, that this Recepti-
ow of other Bodies, isnot Violent: For itis (manytimes) Reciprocal,
and as it were with Confent, Of the Caa/é of this, and to what Axiome
itmay be referred, confider attentiuely; For as forthe Pretty Af
fertion, that Adaster is like a Common Strampet, that defireth
all Formees, itis but aWandring Notion, Onely Flamer
doth notcontent it felfe to take in any other Bo-
‘ ay; Buteither, to ouercome and turne ano-
ther Body into it Selfe, as by Victory;
Or it Selfe to dye, and
gocout,

< (5
- PEO

Zeek
! Sie = ele Ny Bi
fae a oA
(CIA Bile i BHKe & Of

: Py

‘y a om = < .
SEX Coed) RUDE RASS SZ

NATVRALL

HISTORIE.

IX. Century.

\T is certaine, that all Bodies whatfoe- | Experimens

uer, though they haue no Senfe, yet pes oa

they haue Perception: For when one | stn in sedi
Bodyis applied to another, there is a | ding vo Natural
Kinde of Eleétion, to embrace that Sabres.

which is Agreeable, and to exclude
or expellihat which is Ingrate: And
whether the Body be Alterant, or Al-
tered, cucrmore a Pereeption precedeth Operation ; For elfe all
Bodies would be alike Oneto Another. And fometimes this
Perception in {ome Kinde of Bodies, is farre more Subtill chan
the Senjé; So that the Sea/e is but a dull Thing in Compari-.
fon of Wee fee a Weather-Glaffe, will finde the leaft diffe-
rence of the WVeather, in Heat, or Cold, when Men findeit not.
And this Perception alfo, is fometimes at Diffance, as well as
vpon the Touch ; As when the Load-Stone draweth Iron; or
S 3 F lame

204.

Sor

802

N aturall History:

Flame fireth Naphtha of Babylon, a great diftance off. It is
therefore a Subieét of a very Noble Enquiry, to enquire of the | °
more Subtill Perceptions ; For itis another Key to open Na-|_
ture, as wellas the Senfe; And fometimes Better. And be-
fides, itis a Principall Meanes of Natural Divination ; For that
which in thefe Perceptions appearcth carly, in the great Bf-
feéts commeth long after. Ic is true alfo, that it ferueth to
difcouer that which is Hid, as wellas to foretell that which is
to Come; Asit is in many Subtill Trials; Astotry whether
Seeds be old, or new, the Senfe cannot informe: But if you
boile them in Water, the New Seeds will {prout fooncr: And
foof Water, the Ta/te will not difcouer the belt Water ; But
the Speedy Confuming of it, and many other Meanes, which
we hauc heretofore fet downe, will difcouer it. So inall Phy-
fiognomy, the Lineaments of the Body will difcouer thofe Na-
turall Inclivations of the Minde, which DifSimulation will con-
ceale, or Difcipline will {uppreffe. We fhall therefore now
handle only, thofe two Perceptions, which pertaine to Natu-
rall Diuination,and Difconery : Leauing the Handling of Per-
ception in other Things, to be difpofed Elfewhere. Nowit is
true, that Diuination is attained by other Meanes; As if you
know the Caujes; If you know the Comcomitants; you may
indge of the Effect to follow: And the like may bee faid of
Difcouery ; But we tie our Selucs here, to that Diwination and
Difcouery chiefly, which is Caufed by an Early, or Subtill
Perception.

The Aptneffe or Propenfion of Aire, or Water, to Corrupt
or Putrifie, (no doubt,) isto be found beforeit breake forth
‘intomanifeft Effects of Difeafes, Bla/tings, or the like. Wee

will therefore fet downe fome Prognofticks of Peffilentiall
and Vnwholfome Yeeres. .

The Wiwd blowing much from the South, without Raise; And
Wormes in the Oake- Apple; haue beene fpoken of before, Alfo the Plemty
of Frogs, Grafboppers, Flies, and the like Creatures bred of Pwtrefaction,
doth pertend Peffilential Yeeres,

Great, and Early Heats in the Spring, (and namely in May,) without
Winds, portend the fame; And generally fo doe Yeeres with little Wind,
or Thunder,

Great

eo

Century. IX. -

Great Droughts in Summer, lafting till towards the End of Ange/f, and

' fome Gentle Showers vpon them; And then fome Drie Weather againe;
| Doe portend a Pe/tilent Summer, the Yeare following : Por about the
End of Auguff, all the Sweetneffé of the Earth, which goeth into Planes,
and Trees,is exhaled ; (And much morc if the Augaft be dric 5 ) So thar
nothing then can breathe forth of the Earth, but a grofle Vapour, which
is aptto Corrupt the Aire: And that Yapour, by the firlt Showers, ifthey
be Gentle, is releafed, and commeth forth abundantly. Therefore they
thatcome abroad foone after thofe Showers, are commonly taken with
Sickneffe: Andin Affricke, no Bodie will ftirre out of doores , after the
| fit Showers. But if the Showers come vehemently, then they rather
wath and fill the Zart/, than giuc it leaue to breathe forth prefently. But
| if Dry Weather come againe,then it fixeth and continueth the Corruption
| of the Aire,vpon the firft Showers begun ; And maketh it of ill Zeflsence,
| cuen to the Next Summer; Except avery Frofty Winter difcharge it;
| Which feldome fucceedeth fuch Drought.

The Leffer Infections, of the Small Pockes, Purple Feners, Agnes, in the
Sammer Precedent, and houering all Winter, doe portend a great Pe/ft-
lence in the Semmer following ; For Pwtrefaction doth not rife to his
height at once,

Ie were good to laya Peece of Raw Fle/h, or Fifh, in the Open Aire ;
Aud ific Putrefie quickly, itis a Signe of a Difpofition in the Aireto Pu-
trefaction, An@ becaufe you cannot be informed, whether the Pustrefacti-
on be quicke or late, except you compare this Experiment with the like
Experiment in another Yeare, it were not amiffe, in the fame Teare, and
atthe fame Time, to lay one Peece of Flefh, or Fifh, in the Open Aire, and
another of the fame Kinde and Bignefle within Doores: For I iudge,that
if a generall Di/ofition be in the Aireto Putrefie, the Fle/h, or Fi/h, will
fooner Putrefie abroad, where the Aire hath more power, than in the
Honfe, where ithath leffe, being many wayes corredted, And this Expe-
riment would be made about the End of March: For that Seafon is likeft
to difcouer, what the Winter hath done; And what the Semmer follow-
ing will doc vpon the Aire. And becaufe the Aire (no doubt) receiueth
ereat Tincture, and Infufion from the Earth ; Itwere good to trie that
Expofing of Fle(h,or Fifh,both vpon a Stake of Wood,fome heighth aboue
the Earth, and vpon the Flat of the Earth,

Take afay-Dew, and fee whether it putrefie quickly, orno? For that
likewife may difclofe the Qwalitie of the sire, and Vapoar of the Earth,
more or lefle Corrupted.

A Drie March, and a Drie May, portend a Wholefome Summer, if there
bea Showring April betweene : But otherwife, it is a Signe of a Peftilen-
tiak Yearer, ’

As the Difcouery of the Di/pofition of the Aire, is good for the Pro-
gnoftickes of Wholefome, and Vawholefome Yeares ; So itis of much more
vic, for the Choice of Places to dwellin: At theleaft, for Lodges,and Re-
hiring Places fur Health ; (For Manfion Houfes telpect Pronsfions, as well

as

285

893

$34

805

806
807

808

206

809

810

Sir

812

813

814

815

Neaturall Aiflory:

as Health; Wherein the Experiments sbouc mentioned may ferus,,
But for the Choice.of Places, or Seats, itis good to make Triall, not

onely of Aptne/fe of Aire to corrupt, bur alfo of the Meifture and Drineffé |

of the Aire; and the Temper of it, in Heat, ot Cold ; For thar may cons
cerne Health diucrfly, We fee that there be fome Houfes, wherein Sweet
Meats willrelent,and Baked Meats will mould ,more than in others;And
Wain/cots willa'fo fweat more; fe that they will almoft run with Water +
All which, (no doubt.) are caufed chiefly by the Maiffmeffe of the.dire,
in thofe Seats, But becaufe it is better to know it,beforea Man builderh
his Heu/e, than to finde it after, take the Experiments following,

Lay Wool, or a Sponge, or Bread, in the Place you would try, com-
paring it with fome other Places ; And {ee whether it doth not moiften,
and make the Wooll, or Sponge, &c. more Ponderous, than the other?
And ifit doe, you may iudge of that Place, as Situate in a Grofe, and
Moift Aire.

Becaufe itis certaine, that in fome Places, either by the Natwre ofthe
Earth, or by the Situation of Woods, and Hills,the Aire is more Vnequall,
thanin Others; And Jmequality of Aire is cucr an Enemy to Health;
It were good to take two Weather-Glaffes, Matches in allthings, andto
ferthem for the fame Houres of One day, in feuerall Places where no

| Shade is nor Enclofures: Andtomarkewhen you fet them, how farre
the Water. commeth ; Andto compare them, when you come againe,
how the Water ftandeth then; And if you finde them ¥neqguall, you may
be {ure thatthe Plice wherethe Water is lowelt, isin the Warmer Aire,
and the other in the Colder. And the greater the Jnequality bee, of the
Afeent, ox Defcent of the Water, the greater is the /mequality of the Tem-
per ofthe Aire,

The Predictions likewife of Cold and Long Winters, and Hot and Dry

Summers, are good to be knowne; As well for the Di/conery of the Can-
fes, asfordiuers Prowsfions, That of Plenty of Hawes, and Heps, and
Briar-Berries, hath beene {poken of before. If W'ain{coat, or Stone, that
haue vfed to Swear, be more dry, in the Beginning of Winter; Orthe
| Drops of the Eawes of Haufes come more flowly downe, than they vie; it
| portendeth a Hard aid Frofy Winter, The Can/eis, for that it fheweth
| an Inclination of the Aire, to Dry Weather ; which in Winter is euer ioy-
| ned with Froft,

Generally, 9 Moi? and Coole Summer, pottendeth a Hard Wister. The
Caufe is, for that the Vapours of the Earth, arenot diffipated in the Swm-
mer by the Sune; And fo they rebound vpon the Wanser,

A Hot and Dry Summer, and Autumne, and cfpecially if the Heat and
Drought extend farre into September portendeth an Open Beginning of
Winter; And Colds to fucceed, toward the latter Part of the Wimmer, and
the Beginning of the Spring : For till then,the former Heat and Drought
beare the Sway; And the Yapours are not fufficiently Multiplied,

An Open and Warme Winter portendeth a Hot and Dry Summer: For
the Yapours difperfe into the Winter Showers; VVhercas Cold Frofi

cepeth

‘
é

Century. IX.

keepeth them in, and tranfporteth them into the late Spring, and Swm-
mer following.

Birds that vfe to change Countries, at. certaine Seafons, if they come
Earlier, doe fhew the Temperature of Weather, according to that Country
whence they came: As the Wnter-Birds,(namely Woeodcockes,Felaefares,
&c.) ifthey come earlier, and our of the Northerne Countries, with vs
fhew Cold Winters. And ifit bein the fame Cowntrey, then they fhew a
Temperature of Seafon, likeynto that Seafon in which they come: As
Swallewes, Bats, Cackooes, &c, that come towards Summer, if they come
early, fhew a Hot Summer to follow,

The Prognoffickes, more Immediate, of Weather to follow foone af-
| ter, are more Certaine thanthofe of Seafons. The Refounding of the,
| Seavpon the Shoare; And the Murmsar of Winds in the Woods, without

apparent Wind ; fhew Wind to follow : Fat {uch Wirds,breathing chiefly
out of the Earth, are not at the firft perceiued, except they be penr, by
Water, or Wood, And thereforca Marmur out of Caues likewife porten-
| dethas much,
The Ypper Revions of the Aire, perceiue the Coleéfion of the Matter
of Zempei#, and Winds, before the Aire here below : And therefore the
| Obfewring of the Smaller Starres is a Signe of Tempefts following, And
of this kinde you fhall finde a Number of /afances in our Inquifition
De Featis, . : :

Great Mountaines haue a Perception of the Diffofitios of the Airé to Tem-
pefts fooner than the Valley's or Plaines below: And therefore they fay
in Wales, when certaine Hills haue their Night-Caps on, they meane Mif-
chiefe. The Cau/e is, for that Temspe/ts, which are for the moft Part bred
aboue, in the Middle Region, (as they call it,) are fooneft perceiued to
colle& in the Places next it,

The Aire,and Fire, haue Sabtill Perceptions of Wind Rifing, before Men
finde it, We fee the Trembling of a Candle will difcouer a Wind that o-
therwife we doenot feele; And the Flexwows Burning of Flames doth
fhew the Aire beginneth to be yvnquiet; And fo doe Coales of Fire by Ca-
fting off the 4(bes more than they vfe, The Cas/éis, for that no Wind,
at the firft, rill it hath ftrocke and driuen the 4sre, is Apparent to the
Senfe: But Flame is caficr to moue, than Aire: And forthe Afbes, it is
no maruell, though Hind vnperceiued fhake them off; For we vfually
trie, which way the Wind bloweth, by cafting vp Graffe, or Chaffe, or
fuch light Things, into the Aire.

When Wind expireth from vnder the Sea; As it caufeth fome Refoan-
ding of the Water, (whereof wef{pake before,) fo it canfeth fome Light

Motions of Bubbles, and White Circles of Froth. The Cane is, for that the
Wind cannot be percciued by the Senfe, votill there be an Eraptionof a
grat Osantitie, from vnder the Water,; And fo it getteth intoa Bodie:
Whereas in the firt Putting up it commeth in little Portions,

We {pake of the a/hes, that Coales caft off; And of Gra(fe, and Chaffe
carried by the W2md; So any Light Thing that moucth,when we finde no

, Wind,

TT TS

ee

817

818

8I9

823

824

825

$26

eee

| and fouffe in the dire, againft Rainer,

See ee

Wind, Cheweth a Wid at hand: As when Feathers, cr Downe of Thifiles,
fly to and fro inthe Afre, olfoban
For Prognoftickes of Weather from Lining Creatures, it isto
benoted; That Creatures that Liucii the Open Aire,( Sub Dio,)
muft needs havea Quicker Impreffion from the Aire,shan Men
that liue moft within Deores ; And-elpecially Birds, wito liue

in the Aire, freeft, and clearelt; And are apteftby theirPoyeel |

to tell Tales, what they finde; And likewife by the Motion of
their Flightto expreflethefame.

Water-Fowles, (as Sea-Galls, More-Héws, &c.)) when they flocke and |
fly rogether, from the Sea towards the Shares, And contrariwife, Lamd-
Birds, (as Crowes, Swallowes, &c.) when they fly from the Land to the
Waters,and beat the Waters with their Wings ; doe fore-hew Raine, and
Wind, The Cau/e is, Plea/wre, that both Kindes rake in the Moiffneffe,and
Denfity of the Aire: And fodefire to bein Motion, and vpon the Wing,
whither focuer they, would otherwifegoc:For it isno Maruell,chatWa-
ter-Fowle doc ioy moft in that dire, which is likeft Water; And Lavd-
Birds alfo, (many of them,) delight in Bashing, and Meift Aire, For the
fame Rcafon alfo,many Birds doe proine their Feathers ; And Gee/e doe
gaggle; And Crowes {ceme to call vypon Raine : All which is but the
Comfort they feeme to receiue in the Relewting of the Airey,

. The Heron, when thee foareth high, (fo as fometimes fhee is feene to
paficoner a Clomd,) (hewethW4nds: But Kites flying aloft, thew Faireo
and Drie Weather, The Cawfe may be, for that they both mount moft
into the 4ére, of that Temper, wherein they delight: And the Herom,be-
ing a Water- Fowle, taketh pleafure inghe Aire,that is Condenfed: And
befides, being but Heauie of Wing, needeth the Helpe of the Grofer
Aire, But the Kite afte&tethnor fo much the Groffeneffe of the Aire, as
the Cold and Frefbneffe thereof; For being a Bird of Prey, and therefore
Hot,(hce delighteth in the Frefh Aire; And (many times) flyeth againft
theWind ; As Trouts, and Sal»sops {wimme againft the Streame, And
yet itis true alfo, thatall Birds finde an Eafe in the depth ofthe Aires;
As Swimmers doe in a Deepe Water. And therefore when they are a-
loft, they can vphold themfclues with their Wags Spred, {carce mouing
them.

Fifbes, when they play towards the Jop of the Water, doe commonly
foretell Raine, The Can/eis, forthat a Fi/b hating the Drie, willnot ap-
proach the Aire, tillit groweth Moi; And when itis Drie, will fly it,
and Swimme Lower.

Beafts doc take Comfort, (generally) in a Moi Aire; And it maketh
them cat their Meat better: And therefore Sheepe will get vp betimes

in the Morning, to feed, againft Raise: And Cattell, and Deere,and Con-

neyes, will feed hard before Raine : And a Heifer, will put vp his No/c, |

The

ae

Neaturall Hiftory: es | |

Century. IX.

The Trifoile, againft Raine, {welleth in the Stalke ; and fo ftandeth

more vpright; Forby wet, Stalkes doe erect, and Leawes bow downe,
Thereis a Small Red Flower in the Stubble- Fields, which Country Peo-
ple call the Wimcopipe ; Which if it open in the Morning,you may be ture
ofa faire Day to follow.

Euen in Men, Aches, and Harts, and Cornes,doe engricue, either to- |
wards Raine, or towards Freff : For the one maketh the Humours more |
to Abound ; And the Other maketh them Sharper, So we fee both Ex-

tremes bring the Gone.

Wormes, Vermine, &c. docfore-(hew (likewife) Raise: For Earth-
wormes will come forth, and Afosles will caft vp more, and Fleas bite
more, again{t Raine. .

Slide Bodies likewife fore-fhew Raine. As Stones, and Wainfcot, when
they Sweat: And Boxes, and Pegs of Woed, when they Draw; and Winde
bard ; Though the Former be butfrom an Outward Caufe; For thatthe
Stone, or Wainfcot, turneth and beareth backe the Azre againtt it felfe;
Butche latter is an Jnward Swelling of the Body of the Wood it felfc.

A Ppetite is moued chiefly by Things that are Cold, and Drie: The
Cafe is, for that Cold isa Kinde of Indigence of Natwre, and calleth
vpon Supply ; And fo is Drine/e: And therefore all Somre Things, (as Vi
megar, luyce of Limons,Oyle of Vitriell,&c.) prouoke Appetite. And the Di/-
eafe, which they call Appetitus Canimus, confifteth in the Master of an A-
cide & Gla/fie Flegme, in the Mouth of the Stomach, Appetite is alfo moued
by Sowre Things; For that Sewre Things, induce a Contraction in the
Nerwes, placed in the Moath of the Stemach ; Which is a great Canfe of
Appetite. As forthe Cawfe, why Onions, and Salt, and Pepper, in Baked

Meats, moue Appetite, it is by Veliscation of thofe Nerswes ; For Motion

whetreth, As for Worme-woed, Olifes, Capers, and others of thatkinde,
which participate of Bitrerme/Je, they moue Appetite by Abffer ion. So as
there be foure Principall Caw/es of Appetite; The Refrigeration of the Sto-
mach, ioyned with fome Drine/fe , Contraction ; Vellication; And Abfter-
fion : Befides Hunger,which is an Emptine(/e: And yet Ouer-Fafting doth
(many times) caufe the Appetite to ceafe; For that Want of Meas maketh
tlie Stomach draw Hamesrs ; And {uch Hwmowrsas are Light, and Cho-
lericke, which quench Appetite moft,

i hath been obferued by the Ancients, that where a Rain-Bow feemeth
to hang over, ortotouch, there breatheth forth a Sweet Swell. The
Caufe is, for that this happeneth but incertaine Matters, which haue in
themfelues fome Sweetneffe; Which the Gestle Dew of the Raine- Bow
doth drawforth: And the like doe Soft Showers; For they alfo make
the Grounds Swect:Butnonc are fo delicate as the Dew of the Rain» Bow,
where it falleth, Irmay be alfo, that the Water it felfe bach fome Sweet-
neffe: For the Raine-Bow confifteth of a Glomeration of Small Drops,

which cannot poffibly fall, but from the Aire, that is very Lew: And
' there-

209

827

829

830

|

Experiment
Sclitary, tou-
ching the Na-
ture of Appetite
in the Stomach.

$31

Experiment
Solitary, tou- ;
ching Srreet-
meffe of Odour
from the Raime-
bow.

f
832

nn

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Cor-
poreall Sublance
of Smells.

834

Experiment
Solitary tou-

| ching Fetide

‘Fire, As Rofe-Water, &c. Some doe {carcecome forth, or atleaftnotfo

Naturall Hiflors :

therefore may hold the very Sweetneffe ot the Herbs, and Flowers, as a
Diftilled Water : For Raine,and other Dew, that fall trom high, cannot
preferuc the Sinell, being diffipared in the drawing vp : Neither doewe |
kaow, whether fome Water it felfe,may nor hane fame degree of Sweet- |
neffe. It is true, that we finde it fenfibly in no Poole, Riner nor Fountaine ; |
But good Earth, newly turned vp, hath a Frefhmeffe, and good Sent ;
Which water, if it be not too Equal, (For Equall Obied?s neuer moue the
Senfé,) may alfohaue, Certaine 1 is, that Bay-Sa/t,which is bur a kinde
of Water Congealed, will fometimes fmell like Hiolers,

|

O Sweet Smells Heat is requifitesto Concoct the Matter; And fome

Moiftwre to Spread the Breath of them, For Aeat,we fee that Woods,
and Spices, are more Odorate in the Hot Countries, than in the Celd: For
Meifture,we fec that Things too much Dried, lofe their Sweetheffe: And
Flowers growing, {mell better in a Moraing,or Ewening, than at Noone,
Some Sweet Smells are deftroyed by Approach to the Fire; As Violets,
Wall-Flowers, Gilly-Flowers,Pinckes; And generally all Flowers that haue
Coole and Delicate Spirits. Some continue both on the Fire,and from the

pleafantly,as by meanes of the Fire ; as Juniper, Sweet Gums, &c. And all
Smells, that are Emclofed ina Faff Body: But (generally) thofe Smells
are the moft Gratefull, where the Degree of Heat is Small; Or where
the Strength of the Smell is allayed; For thefe Things doe rather wooe
the Sen/é, than Satiate it, And therefore the Smell of Violets, and Rofes,
exceedeth in Sweetme/fe that of Spices, and Gammes ; And the Strongeft
Sort of Smells, are beft in a weft, a farre off,

T is certaine, that no Smell iffueth, but with Ensi/iiew of fome Corpere-

all Subftasce ; Notas it is in Light; and Colours, and in Sounds. For we
{ce plainly, that See doth {pread nothing that diftance, that the other
doe, It is true, that fome Woods of Orenges,and Heathes of Rofe- Mary,will
Smell a great way into the Sea,perhaps twenty Miles; Buc what is that,
fincea Peale of Ordwance will doe as much, which moueth in a final
compaffe? Whereas thofe Meds, and Heathes, are of Vaft Spaces: Be-
fides wee fee that Smellsdoe adhere to Hard Bodies ; Asin Perfuming
of Glowes, &c. which fheweth them Corporeall; And doc Lafta great
while, which Sowmds, and Light doe not, .

i, He Excrements of moft Creatures Smell ill; Chiefly to thefame
Creature that voideth them: For we fee, befides that of Afam, that
Pigeons,and Hor/esthriue beft, if their Houw/es, and Stables be kept Sweet;
And fo ef Cage-Birds: And the Cat burieth that which thee voydeth :
And itheldeth chiefly in thofe Beafs, which feed vpon Fle). Dags (al-
moft) onely of Beaf's, delight in Fetide Odowrs; VVhich fheweth there
is fomewhatin their Sen/e of Smell, differing from the Smells of other
Beafts. But the Cau/e, why Excrements fmell ill, is manifeft ; For that “

Boay

—— SS”

.

» Century. IXY. | 4
Body it{elfereiestedthem ; Much tote the spirits: Andwe fee\‘thax ike
thofe Excrements, that are of the Riff Dige/fion, Sell the warts Asthe |

isnot fobad, as the other two; Efpecially offome Perfons, that are full
of Heat, Likewife mot Patrefactions.are of an Odtous Smell: For they |
{mell either Fetide, or Mouldy, TacCaafe may be, for that Patrefaction |
doth bring forth {uch:aCon/ijience,asis molt Coarrary tothe Con/i/fepee |
ofthe Body, ehilft ic is Sound:Fonirisamecreddldlution af that Ferme. !
Befides, there is another Reafonwhich is. Profoiind: Andiit is thar the
Obied?s thanpleafe any ofthe Sen/ésy haue (all) fae Equality, and (asic)
were) Order, inthcit Campofition : Burwhere thofeare wanting, the Ob~
ieét is cuer Jngrate. So. Mixture of many Difagreeing Colours is evier vns\
pleafantcothe Byes Mixtere of Difcordane Seunds ts vopleafant tothe!
Eare: Mixtare, ot Hotch:Potch of many-Ta/tes, is vnpleafant to. the Tafes
Harlhneffz aed Ruggedneffe of Bodiesyisvupleafant to the Touch: Now it
is certaine,charal]l Putrefaction, being:a Diffolusionof the fick Formeyisa
mere Comfs ion, and Kafermed Mixture of the Part, Neuertheleffe, iris|
ftrange,' and:feemeth to Croffe the farmer O6ferwation, that fome Pas
trefaCtions and Exexements doe yeeld:Exeelleat Odonrs ; As Cinet. and
Muske, And-as fomethinke Amber-Greece: For divers takeit, (though |
vnprobably) ta come from the Sperme of fifo: And the Maffe we fpake'|
offrom Apple-Trees, is little betcercthan an Exeretion, Fhe Reafon may] |
be, for that there paffeth in the Exeremests,and remaincth in the Putre- |
ations, fone good Spirsts ; {pecially wherethey proceed from Crés-
twres, thavate very Hot. : Butitniaybealfo ioynédiwith a further Cau/e,
which ismore Sabtill; Anditiss that the Seufes louenotto be Qucr«
pteafed ; But to hauta Comméixtureoffomewhat that is init felfein—|
grate. Certainly wefee how Difcords in Mu/ieke,falling vpon Concords,
make the. Sweete/t S rainess And we fee againe,what Strange Ta/fes de-
light the Tate; As Réd+Herrings,Cavcary, Parminan,&cc. And it may be,.
the fame holdethin Smels, For thofe kinde of Smels, that we hauc men- |
tioned, are all Strong, and doe Pulland Vellicate the Senfe. And wee |
finde alfo, that Places where Men Kine, commonly haue fome Siell o |
Violets: And Yrine, if one hath eaten Wwtmegz, hath fo roo; »

+ dn
7 aha 2)

EOE

The. Sloathfull, General, and Ind cfinite Comtemplations;
and Notions, of the Blements; and their (oniugations; Of the
Influences of Heauen ; Of Heat,Cold,Moaifture, Drought; Qua-
lities AE ine,Paffine, Aud the like; hauc {wallowed vp the true
Paffages,and Proceffes,and Affects, and Confiftences of Matter,

and Naiurall Bodies. Therefore they areto be ferafide, ins
a fs ut

——_—__. ———$——$——$————

212 | NK aturall. Histor9:

~—

—$————

but Notionall; and ill Limited; And Definite Axiomes are to
be drawnc out of Meafiired Inftances: And {fo Affent to bee
madetothe more Generall Axiomes, by Scale. And of thcfe

Kindes of Proceffes of Natures, and Charaéters of Matter, we
will now fer downefome Infances.

Experiment Ax Putrefactions come chiefly from the Jsward Spirits of the Body;
rng 1 And partly alfo fromthe Assbient Body,bc it Aire,Liqnor,ot what-
jesot Puefe- foeuer elfe, Aind this laft, by two Meanes: Either by Jngre//e of the Sub-
Gon. fiance of the Ambient Body, into the Body Butrified; Or by Excstation and
836 | Sellicitatson of the Bady Putrified, and the Parts thereof, by the Bedy Am-
bient, As for the Receiued Opinion, that Patrefaion is caufed, either
by Cold, or Peregrine and Preternaturall Heat, it is but Nugation: For}
Cold in Things Inanimate, is the greateft Enemy that is, to Putrefaction;
though it extinguifheth Yinéfication, which cuer confifteth in Spirits At |
seswate, which the Colddoth congeale, and coagulate, And asfor the
Peregrine Heat, it is thus farre true; That ifthe Propertion of the Adnen-
time Heat, be greatly Predominant, tothe Natural Heat, and Spirits of
the Bedy, it tendeth te Diffolution, or Notable Alseration, But this is
wrought by EmifSion, or Supprefiion, ot Suffocation, of the Natine Spirits;
And alfo by the Difordimation, and Difcompoftwre of the Tangible Parts; {
And other Paffages of Nature; And notby aConfiid of Heats,
Re |

‘Experiment N-erfions, or Maine Alterations of Bodies, there is a Medium betweene

cae tc. B-the Body, as itis at firftjand the Body Re/ulting ; which Medinm isCor-

Yepefittly pus imperfecte Miftum, andis Tranfitory, and not durable; As Mifts,
Mist, Smoaks, Vapours, Chylusin the Stomach, Lining Creatures in the firit Piws- |

837 | fication: Andthe Atiddle AGtion,which produceth fuch /msperfeét Bodies,

is fitly called (by fome of the Ancients) Jnquination,ox Incencoction,which

isa Kinde of PatrefaftionsFor the Parts arc in Comfafion, till they fertle,

one way, or other. |

Experiment He word Concoction, or Digeftion, is chiefly taken into vf fom Zi- |
Solitary anes wing Creatwres,and their Organs; And from thence extended to Lé-
xa Sc i y. \quors,and Fraits,8c, Therefore they fpeake of Meat ConcocFed;¥rine and
838 Excrements €oncocted; And the Feure Difgeftions,(In the Stomach; In the
Liner ; Inthe Arteries and Nerses ; And in the Sewerall Parts of the Bo-

dy;) arc likewife called Concoctions: And they are. all made to bee the

Workes of Heat : All which Notions are but ignorant Catches of a few

Things, which aremoft Obuious to Asems Obfermations. The Conftan-

| cet Noséom of Concoétion is, that it (hould fignifiethe Degrees of Altera-
| tion, of one Body into another, from Cradity to perfe Concaction;W hich
is the Visimity of that AcHien or Proceffé : And while the Body to be Con-
werted and Altered, is too ftrong for the Efficient, that (hould Conmert, ot
Alter it, (whereby it refifteth and holdech faft in fome degree the firft
: Forme,

—~—-——_-

(Century. 1X. |

Forme, or Confiffence) it is (all that while) Crade, and Inconco#,; Aud’.
the Prace(fe is to be calledCradityand Inconcocfion, Icis true, that Con-
coiFion is, in great part, the Worke of Heat ; Bucnot the Worke of Heat a- |
lone: Forall Things, thar further the Cosner/ion,or Alteration, (as Reff, |
Mixture ofa Body already Concocfed, &c.) are alfo AMeanes to Concoétion, |
And there are of Concoction two Periods ; The one Affimilation, or Abfo-
lute Conuer [ion and Subaction ; The other Maturation: whereof the Fore |
mer is mo{tcon{picuous in the Bodies of Liuing Creatures; In which

there isan Abfolute Conuerfion, and Affimilation of the Nouri{bment into

the Body: And likewife in the Bodies of Plants: And againe in Afetals, |
where there isa {ull Tranfmutation, The other (which is Maturation) is |
feene in Liquors, and Fruits ; wherein there is not defired, nor preten-

ded, an vrter Conuerfion, but en!y an Alteration to that Forme, which is
moft fought, for Maas vie; As in Clarifying of Drinkes; Ripening of
Bruits, &c. But nore, thar therebe two Kindes of Abfolute Conerfions;
The one is, when a Body is conuerted into another Body, which was be-
fore; As when Noazifbment is turned into Fle(h ; That is it which we call
Afimilatien, The other is, when the Conserfion is into a Body meercly
New, and which wasaot before; As if Siluer fhould be turned to Gold;
or Irowto Copper: And this Connerfion is better called, for diftin&tions

fake, Tran/mutation.

Hereare alfo diuers other Great Alserasions of Matter, and Bodies,

befides thofe that rend to Concoction, and Maturation; For whatfo-
euer doth fo altera Bady, as it returneth not againe to that ic was, may
becalled .dleratio Maior: As when Meat is Boiled,or R oafted,or Fried,
&c. Or when Breadsand Meat are Baked; Or when Chee/e is made of
Curds,or Butter of Creame,or Coales of Wood,or Brickes of Earth; And
aNumber of others. But to apply Notions Philofevhicall to Plebeian
Termes; Or to fay, where the Notéons cannot fitly be reconciled, that
there wanteth a Terme, or Nomenclature for it; (as the Ancients v{ed;)
They be but Shifts of Jgnorance ; For Knowledge will be eucr a Wandring
and Indigefted Thing, ifit be but a Commixture of a few Notions, that arc
arhand and occure, and not excited from fufficient Number of Inftan-

ces, and thofe well collated,

}

The Confi/Fences of Bodies are very diuers: Den{e,Rare; Tan- |
gible, Pneumaticall, Volatile, Fixed, Determinate, Not Determi-
nate; Hard,Soft; Cleauing, Not Cleaning; Congealeable, Not Con-
gedleable; Liquefiable,Not Liquefiable; Fragile, Tough; F lexible,
Inflexible, Traétile, or to be drawne forth in length, Intraétile;
Porous, Solid ; Equall, and Smooth, V nequall ; V enous,and Fi-

T2 brows,

213

——

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Alterati-
evs, which may
bee called
Maiors.

839

214 N aturall History:

{brous, and with Graines, Entire; And diuers Others ; =i
| which to referre to Heat,and Cold,and Moi/ture,and Drought,
i a Compendious and Inutile Speculation. But of thele fee

principally our Abecedarium Nature ; And otherwife Sparfim

in this our Sylua Syluarum ; Neuertheleffe in fome good part, |

We fhall handle diuers of them now prefently.

ching Ae ction is cuer caufed by the Detention of the Spirits, which play with-

quefiable, and | in the Body,and Open it. Therefore fuch Bodies as are more Turgide of
not Liguefiable. | Spirit; Or thathaue their Sperits more Straitly Imprifoned ; Or againe
840 that hold them Better Pleafed, and Content; are Liquefiable : For thefe
three Di/pofitions of Bodies, doe arreft the Emifiion ot the Spirits. An Ex-
ample of the firft two Properties is in Metals; And of the Laftin Greafe,
Pitch, Sulphure, Butter, Wax, &c, The Difofition not to Liquefie procec-
deth from the Eafie Emifften of the Spirits, whereby the Groffer Parts
contra&; And therefore, Bodies Jeiune of Spirits ; Oc which part with
their Spirits more Willingly; are not Liquefiable; As Wood, Clay, Free
Stone, &c, But yet, euen many of thofe Bodies, that will not Melt,or will
hardly Mele, willnotwithftanding Soften ; As Jroninthe Forge; Anda
Sticke bathed in Hot Afhes,which thereby becommeth mere Flexible,
Moreouer,there are fome Bodies, which doe Liquefte,or diflolue by Fires
As Metals,Wax, &c, And other Bodies,which diffolue in Water ; As Salt,
Sagar, 8c, The Caufé of the former proceedeth from the Dilatation of
the Spirits by Heat: The Cau/e of the Latter proceedeth from the ope-
ning of the Tangible Parts, which defire. to receiuc the Liquor. Againe,
there are fome Bodies, that diffolue with both; As Guame, &c. And
thofe be firch Bodies,as on the One Side haue good ftore of Spirit; And
on the other Side, haue the Tangible Parts Indigent of Meiffure ; For the
former helpeth to the Délaténg of the Spirits by the Fire; And the Lat- |
ter ftimulateth the Parts to Receiue the Liquor.

er

eee
—————————

Experiment F Bodies, fome are Fragile; And fome are Tongh, and Not Fragile;
Solitary, tous And in the Breaking, {ome Fragile Bodies break but where the Ferce
Stk tod is ; Some fhatter and fly in many Peeces. Of Fragility the Cau/é is an Jm-
Tough. potency to be Extended: And therefore Stone is more Fragile than Metall;

841 |And fo Fidfile Earth is more FragWe than Crude Earth; And Dry Wood
than Greene. And the Canfe of this Vnaptneffe to Extenfion, is the Small
Quantity of Spirits; (For itis the Spirit that furthereth the Extesfiow Or
Dilatation of Bodies;) And it iseucr Concomitant with Porefity, and
with Drineffe in the Tangible Parts: Contrariwife,Tongh Bodies haue more
Spirit, and fewer Pores, and Moiffer Tangible Parts: Therefore we {ee
that Parchment,or Leather will ftretch, Paper will not; Woollen Cloth will
tenter, Léwnen {carcely,

All

= =f sca gitar aa “

Experiment Rive sire and Not Liquefiable, proceed from thefe Cau/es : Liquefa-

.

(Century. IX.

oy LL Solid Bodies confitt of Parts of two feuerall 2 atares ; Prewma-
ticall, and Tangible; Andit is well to be noted, that the Pweamati-
call Subffance is in fome Bedies,the Native Spirit ofthe Body; And in {ome

‘other, plaine Are that is gotten in; Asin Bodies Deficcate, by Heat, or |
| Age: For in them, when the Natine Sperit goeth forth, and the Moiffure |
| with it, the Aire with time getteth into the Pores, And thofe Bodies are |

euer the tore Fragile; For the Natine Spirit is more Yeelding and Exten-
fiue, (efpeciallf to follow the Parts,) than Aire. The Natine Spirits alfo
admit great D.uerfity ; As Het, Cold, Acfiue, Dall, &c. Whence proceed
moft of the Vertwes,and Qualities (as wee call them) of Bodies: But the
Aire Intermixt, is without Vertwes, and maketh Things /a/ipide, and
without any Extimulation,

He Concretion of Bodies is (commonly) folued by the Contrary ; As

Ice,which is congealed by Cold, is diflolued by Heat;Sale and Sugar,
which are Excoéted by Heat, are Diflolued by Cold, and Moiffure, The
Caufeis, for that thefe Operations, are rather Reternes to their former
Nature, than Al:erstions: So that the Contrary cureth, As for Oyle, it
doth neither cafily congeale with Cold, nor thicken with Heat, The
Canfe of both Effects, though they be prodaced by Contrary Efficients,
feemeth to be the Same; And that is, becaufe the Spirit of the Oyle, by
either Meanes,exhaleth little ; For the Cold keepeth it in; and the Heat,
(except it be Vehement,) doth not call it forth, As for Cold, though it
take hold of the Tangible Parts, yet as to the Spirits, it doth rather make
them Swell, than Congealethem : As when ice is congealed in a Cup,
the Jce will Swell in ftead of Contracting ; And fometimesRift,

F Bodzes, {ome (wefec) are Hard, and fome Soft : The Hardnefe is

caufed (chiefly) by the lesaneneffe of the Spirits;And their Imparity
with the Tangzble Parts: Both which, if they be in a greater degree,ma-
keth them notonly Hard, but Fragile, and leffe Enduring of Prefare ;
As Steele, Stone, Glaffe, Dry Wood, 8zc. Softnefe commeth (contrari-
wife) by the Greater Quaatity of Spirtts ; (which euerhelpeth to Induce
Teelding and Cefion; ) And by the more Equall Spreading of the Tangible
Parts, which thereby are more Sliding, and Following; As in Gold, Lead,
Wax, &c, Butnote that Soft Bodies, (as we vfe the word,) are of two
Kinds; The one, that eafily giueth place to another Body, but alrereth
not Bulke, by Rifing in other Places : And therefore we fee that Wx, if
you putany Thing into it, doth not rife in Bulke,but only giueth Place:
For vou may not thinke, that in Printing of Wax, the Wax rifeth vp at
all; But only the depre//éd Part giueth place,and the other remaineth as
it was, The other, that alrereth Balke in the Ceffion ; As Water, or other
Liguors, if you puta Stone, or any Thing into them, they giue place
(indeed) eafily, but then they rife all over: Which is a Falfe Ceffion;For
| itisin Place, and not in Body,

i LL LES LLL LE LL OLLEL

F 3 All

215

—_—_ —_—_—_—__.

Experiment
Solitary tou-

ching the Tyo |

Kinds of Preu-
maticals in B o-
des.

842

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Concreti-
on, and Diffolu.
tion of Bedics.

843

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Hard and
Soft Bodies.

344

— “

|
|
|

|
i
|

216 | Natural Hifory : |

— LL Bodies Ductile, and Tenfil-, (as Metals that will be drawne into
clit ak Wires, Wooll and Tow that wi!l be drawa into Yarne,or Thred) hau |

Duétie,and | inthem the Appetite of Not Difcontinuing , Scroyg ; Which maketh them |
Tenfile. follow the Force, that pullech chem ours And yerfo,as norto Difcon-
845 tinue or forfake their owne Body. Vifcous Bodies, (\ikewife) as Pitch,
| ax, Bird-Lime, Chee/e toafted, will draw forth, and repe, But the
difference betweene Bodies Fsbrous,and Bodies Vifcous, is Plaine ; For all
Wooll, and Tow, and Cotton, and Silke, (efpecially raw Silke) haue, be-
fides their Defire of Comtinuance,in regard of the Teswity of their Thred,a
Greedineffe of Moifture; And by Moiflure to ioyne and incorporate with
other Thred ; Efpecially ifthere bea little Wreathing; Asappeareth by
the Twifling of Thred; And the Pragtife of Twirling about of Spindles,
And wefeealfo, that Goldand Silwer Thred cannot bee made without
Twifling.

Experiment T He Differences of Impreffible and Not 1 mprefible , Figurable and Not
Solitary tou- Figurable, Mowldable and Not Monldable;Scifile and Not Sciffile;And
ching other . : :
Pafins of at. | Many other Paftions of Marter, are Plebeian Notions, applied vato the In-
terand Chara- | (Erwments and ¥/es which Men ordinarily pracifes But they areall but
Glers of Bodics \'the E feds of fome of thefe Cau/es following; W hich we will Enumerate
846 | without Applying them, becaufe that would betoo long, The Firft is
theCefion,or Not CefSton of Bodies, into a Smaller Space or Roome, kee-
ping the Outward Balke, and not flying vp. The Second is the Stronger
or Weaker Appetite, in Bodies, to Continuity, and to flic Difcontivwiticr.
The Third is the Ds/pofitiow of Bodies, to Contract, or Not Contract;
And againe, to Extend, or Not Extend. The Fourthis the Small Quan-
tity, or Great Quantity, of the Pweumaticall in Bodies, The Fifth is the
Nature of the Pucumaticall, whether itbee Natine Spirit of the Body, or
| Common Aire. The Sixth is, the Nature of the Natine Spirits in the Body,
' whether they be 4 é#iwe and Eager, or Dw and Gentle, The Seuenth is
che Emiffion or Detention of the Spirits in Bedies, The Bighth isthe Di-

- latation, or Contraction of the Spirits in Bodzes, while they are detained. |
The Ninth is the Collocation of the Spirits in Bodies ; whether theGolleca- |

tion be Equall, or Vuequall; And againc, whether the Spirits be Ceacer-
uate, or Diffufed. The Tenth is the Demfity, or Raritie of the Tangible>
Parts. The Eleuenth is the Equalsty or Inequality of the Tangible Parts,
The Tweifth is the Difge/tion, or Crudity of the Taneible Parts, The
Thirtcenth is the Natwre of the Matter, whether Sulphwreeus or Merca-
| rial, Watrie or Oile, Drie and Terrefiriall, or Moift and Liquid ; which
Natures of Sulphureous and Mercariall, {eemeto be Natures Radicall, and
Principall. The Fourteenth is the Placing of the Tangible Parts, in Length,
0: Tranfwerfe ; (as it isin the Warpe, and the Weofe of Textiles; ) More
Inward, ot More Outward , &c. The Fifteenth is the Porofitse, or Imporo-
fity bewwixt the Tangible Parts; And the Greatnef/e, or Smalne(fé of the
Pores. The Sixteenth is the Collocation and Poftare of the Peres. There
may be more Can/és; but thefe doc occurre for the Prefent, > '

i]

|

P ass Century. 1X. ae

Ake Lead, and melr it, and in the middeft of it, when it beginneth | Sane
olitary tou-

to cengeale,makea little Dint,or Hole,and put Qusck-filuer wrape | ching Iadurati-
ped in a Peece of Zénnes into that Hole, and the Quick-filwer will fix, | 9% by Sympathy,
and runne no more, and.endure the Hammer, This is a,.Noble Infance 847
| of Induration, by Con(ent of onc Body with another, and Motion of Exci-
tation to Imitate ; For to afcribeitonly to the Vapour of Lead,is Icfle Pro |
bable. Quere whether the Fixing may be in fucha degree, as itwall be
Figured like other Afetalls? For if fo, youmay, make Workes of it for

7

fome purpoles, fo they come not neare the Fire.

thofe Ob/eruations,and Preparations of Honeywhich the Ancients had, cane eae

when it was more in Price, Firft, it feemeth tharthere was, in old time, | and Sugar.
Tree-Honey, as well as BeeeHoney;, VVhich was the Teare or Blond ifluing 848
from the Tree: In fo much as one of the Ancients telateth, that in Trebz«
fond, there was Honey iffuing from the Box-Trees,which made Mea Mad,
Againe,in Ancient time,there was a Kinde of Honey,which either of the
owne Nature, or by Art,would grow as Hardas Sugar ; And wasnot fo
Lufhious as Ours. They had alfoa Wine of Honey, which they made
thus, They crufhed the Honey into a great Quantitie of Water, and then
ftrained the Liquor; After they boyled icin a Copper.to the halfe : Then
they powred it into Earthen Veffels, fora {mall time; And after tunned it
into Ve/fels of Wood, and kept it for many yearesy They hauealfo, at this
day, in Ruffia, and thofe Northerne Countries, Mead Simple, which (well
made,and feafoned) isa good wholef{ome Driak,and very Cleare, They
vfe alfo in Wales, a Compound Drinke of Mead, with Herbs, and Spices,
But meane-while it were,good, in recompence of that wee haucloft in
Honey, therewere brought in vfea Sagar-Mead, (for fo we may call it,)
though without any Méxtwreat all of Honey 3 And to brew it,and keepe
it ftale,as they vfe Mead ; For certainly, though it would norbe fo WT 46-
fer fine, and Opening, and Solutine a Drinke, as Mead; yetit willbemore
gratefull ro the Stomach, and more Lenitine, and fictobevfedin Sharpe
Difeefes : Fot we fee, chat the vie of Swgar in Beere, and Ale, hath good

Effeéts in fuch Cafes,

Ge hath put downe the vie of Honeys In fomuch as wee haue loft | Experiment

ad is reported by the Ameients that there was a Kinde of Steele,infome Experiment
places, which would polith almoft as white and bright as Silwer. And | eae Ue ie
that therewas in India a Kinde of Bra/e, which (being polifhed) could Siri Bale
fcarce be difcerned from Gold, This was in the Natwrall Vre; But I am | “etaHs.
doubrfull, whether Men haue fufficiently refined Metalls, which wee 849
count Bafe; As whether Jron, Bra/fe,and Ti,be refined to the Heighth?

But when they come to fucha Pineneffc, as ferueth he ordinary vie,

they trie no further. ») LD
ae + Experiment

* Solitary, tou-

Here haue beene found certaine Cememtswnder Earthythatare very | ching eements
Soft; And yet,taken forth into the Sa#,harden.as Hardias Marble: \ and Quarries.

There} 856 |

| 218

{(—

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Al-
tering ef the Coe
lowy of Haircs
and Feathers.

851

{

|

|

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Dif-
ferences of Li-
wing Creatures,

|

{

Male and Fe-
male.

852

|
{
|
}

Newall Hiflorys

Thereare alfo ordinary Quarries in SommerfeteShire, which in the Quar-
ry cut foft to any Bigneffe, and in the Basldéag prone firme, and hard,

soa Creatures (generally ) doe change their Haire with Age, tur-
ning to be Gray and White: As is feene in Men, though fome Ear-
lier, fome Later; In Horfés, that are Dappled and curne White ; In Old
Squirrels, that turne Grifly; And many others. Sodoc fome Birds;
As Cyguets, ftom Gray turne White; Hawkes, from Browne turne more
White: And fome Birds there be, thatvpon their Aos/ting, doc turne
| Colour ; As Robin-Redbre/ts, after their Monlting, grow to be Red againe,
| by degrees ; So doe Gold-Finches vpon the Head, The caufeis, for that
Moifture doth (chiefly) colour Hasre, and Feathers; And Drineffe tuts
neth them Gray and White; Now Haire in Age waxeth Drier: So doce
Feathers. As for Feathers,after Moulting, they are Young Feathers, and
foallone asthe Feathers of Young Birds, Sothe Beard is younger than
the Haire of the Head, and doth (for the moft part, ) wax Hoare later,
Out of this Ground, a Mas may deuife the Meawes of Altering the Colour
of Birds, and the Retardation-of Hoare-Haires, But of this fee in the fifth
Experiment.

He Difference betweene Male and Female,in fome Creatures, is not to

be difcerned, otherwife than in the Parts of Generation : As in Horfes

and Mares, Dogges and Bitches, Dowes He and She, and others, But fome
differ in Magastude,and that diuerfly;For in moft the AMdale is the greater;
Asin Man, Phea/ants, Peacocks, Sorkey scat the like: Andin fome few,
as in Hawkes, the Female, Some differ in the Hasre, and Feathers,both in
the Quantitie, Crifpation, and Coloars of them ; As He-Lions are Hir/ute,
and haue great Maines; The She's are {mooth like Cats, Balls are more
Crifpevpon the Fere-head than Cowes; The Peacocke,and Phea/ant.Cocke,
and Gold-Finch-Cacke, haue glorious and fine Colowrs ; The Henn's haue
nor, Generally, the Hees in Birds haue the faireft Feathers, Some differ
in diuers Features;As Backes hauc Hornes, Doe's none; Rammes hauc more
wreathed Hornes than Ewes ;Ceckes haue great Combes and Spurres, Hens
liteleornone 3 Bosreshauc great Fangs, Sowes much lefle; The Zurky-

| Cocke hath great and Swelling Gélls, the Mem hath leffe ; Asem have genc-
rally Deeperand Stronger Yoyces than Women, Some differ in Faculsie ;
As the Cockes amongft Singing Birds, are the beft Singers. The Chicfe
Canfé of all thefe, (no doubr,) is, for that the Afa/es haue more Strength
of Heat than the Females ; Which appcarcth manifeftly in this, that all
young Creatures Males, are like Females; And fo are Ewnuchs, and Gels
Creatures of all kindes, liker Females, Now Heat caufeth Greatneffe of

| Growth, generally, where there is Afosfwre enough to worke vpon: But
| if there be found in any Creature, (which is {eene rarely,) an Quer-great
Heat in proportion tothe Moiftare, in them the Female is the greater;
As in Hawkes, and Sparrowes, And if the Heat be ballanced with the
Moifture, then there is no difference to be feene betweene Male and Fe-
male :

OE TL ee

|

|
}
i
|
’

$e eet ttt CC lO ALL LLL LLL LLL LLL LL LL

22 —————EEE—EEEEE

|

|
|

Century. IX.

male: As in the Inftances of Horfes, and Degges. We fee alfo, that the
Hornes of Oxen, and Cowes, for the moft part, are Larger than the Bulls;
which is caufed by abundance of Moifure, which in the Horses of the
Bull faileth. Againe, Heat caufeth Prlofity, and Crifpation ; And fo like-

wile Beards in Men, It alfo expelleth finer Moi/ture, which Wantof Heat |

cannot Expell: And that is the Cas/e of the Beauty and Farierie of Fea-
thers: Againe, Heat doth put forth many Excrefcences,and much Solide
Matter, which Want of Heat cannor do: And this isthe Caufe of Hornes,
and of the Greatne/fe of them; And of the Greatne/fe of the Combes and
Spurres of Cockes, Gills of Tarky-Cockes, and Fangs ot Boares, Heat alfo di-
lateth the Pipes, and Organs, which caufeth the Deepeneffe of the Voice,
Againe, Heat refineth the Spérits, and that caufeth the Cock-Singing Bird,
to Excell the Hen,

T Here be Fi/hes greater than any Bea/fs; As the Whaleis farre greater
than the Elephart. And Bea/s are(generally)greater than Birds.For
Fafhes, the caufe may be, that becaufe they Liue not in the dire, they
hauc not their Moz/fure drawn and Soaked by the Aire,and Sun-Beames,
Alfo they reftalwayes, ina manner, and are fupported by the Water;
whereas Motien and Labour doc coufume.As for the Greatne/fe of Beajfs,
more than of Birds, itis caufed, for that Bea/ts ftay Longer time in the
Wombe,than Birds ,and there Nourifh,and Grow; Whereas in Birds,af-
ter the Bege Lay’d, there is no further Growth, or Nowrifbment from the
Female: For the Sitting doth Viwifie,and not Nourifh,

WE haue partly touched before the Meames of Producing Fruits,
without Coares, or Stones. And this weadde further, that the
Caufe mult be Abundance of Moiffure; For that the Coare, and Steve are
made ofa Drie Sap: And we fee that itis poffible, to make a Tree put
forth only in Bloffome, without Fruit; As in Cherries with Double Flow-
ers; Muchmore into Fruét without Stone, or Coares. [tis reported, that
a Cions of an Apple, grafted vpon a Colewort-Stalke, fendeth forth a grear
Apple without a Coare, Itis not volikely,that ifthe Jeward Pith of a Tree,
were taken out,fo that the Iuyce came only by the Barke, it would work
the fed, For it hathbeene obferued, that in Polards, if the Water get
in on the Top, and they become Hollow, they put forth the more. We
adde alfo, that it is deliuered for certaine by fome, that if the Cions be
grafted ,the Small End downwards, it will make Fraét hauc little or no
Coares, and Stones.

<§ Obaccois a thing of great Price, if it be in requeft. Foran Acreofit
will be worth,(as is affirmed,) two Hundred Pounds,by the yeare,
towards Charge, The Charge of making the Ground, and otherwile,
is great, but nothing co the Profit. But the English Tobacco, hath {mal]
| credit, as being too Dall, and Earthy: Nay the Virginian Tobacco, though
| that be in a Hotter Climate,can gct no credit,for the fame Café : So that

a Trial]

|

| Sclitary, tou-

| ching the Com-
paratine Magni- |

| inde of Lining |

| Creatures.

853

}
!
!
|
j
|
| Experiment |

{

)
Experiment :
Solitary, tou-
ching Exoffati

on of Fruits.

854

Experitment
Solitary cou-
ching the Me-
oration of Te-
bacco.

855

220 | Natural Ai fory :

a Triall to make Tobacco more Aromaticall, and better Concoéted here
in Eagland,were a Thing of great profit. Some hauc gone about tedoc |
it by Drenching the Englifh Tobacco, ina Decoction ot Infusion of Indian |
Tobacco : But thofeare but Sophiitications, and Toycs; For Nothing |
that is once Perfe@,and hath run his Race, can receiue much Amend- |
ment. You muft ever refort to the Beginnings of Things for Melioration.
The Way of Maturation of Tobacco mult, as in other Plants, be, from
the Heat, Either of the Earth, or of the Sanne: VVe fee fome Leading
of this in Musk-Melons ; which are fowen vpon a Hot Bed, Dunged be-
low, vpona Bancke turned vpon the Soush Sanne, to giue Heat by Re- |
flexion ; Laid vpon Tiles, which increafeth the Heat ; And Couered with
Straw tokeepe them from Cold. They remoue them alfo, which addeth
fome Life: And by thefe Helpes they become as good in England, asin
Italy, or Prowence, Thefe,and the like Meanes, maybe tried in Tobacco.

Enquire alfo of the Steeping of the Roots, iafome {uch Liquor, as may |
giue them Vigour to putforcth Strong,

‘Experiment Eat of the Sun,for the Maturation of Fruits; Y ca and the Heat of ¥i-
eae uification of Lining Creatures,are both reprefented and fupplied, by
Heals, working | the Heat of Fire; And likewife,the Heats of the Sumue,and Life,are repre-

= fame Ei fented onc by the other, Trees, fet vpon the Backes of Chimneyes, doc ri-

- 856 a Kitchen, haue fent ferth Grapes ripe a Month (at leaft) before others,

Stones, at the Backe of Walls, bring forth Ovenges here with vs, Egges,as
| is reported by fome, haue beene hatched in the warmth of an Owen, It
| isreported by the Ancients, that the Es#rich Layeth her Egs vnder Sand,
where the Heat of the Sunne difclofeth them,

|

Experiment B“ in the Boyling {welleth not much; Wheat fwelleth mores Rize

cing hae extremely ; [a fo much as a Quarter of a Pint (vnboyled) willarife

and Dilatation ta Pint boiled, The Cafe (no doubt) is, for that che more Clofe and
im Boyling. _ Compaé the Body is, the more it will dilate: Now Barley is the moft |

857 | Hollow ; Wheat more Solide than that ; and Re mot Solide of all, Ie

_ may be alfo that fome Bodies hauc a Kinde of Lemtour, and more Deper-

| ible Nature than others; As we fee it cuidentin Colowration;For a Small

| Oantitie of Saffron, will Tin& mere, than avery great Quantitie of Bre-

|
fil,or Wine,

| 1
| “hese | groweth Sweet by Rowling, or Prefing them gently with the
“une the Dale & Hand: As Rowling-Peares, Damafins,&c. By Rostennefe; As Medlars,
coration of Seruices, Sloe’s, Heps, &c. By Time ; As Apples, Wardens, Pomgranats, Sic.
Fras. | By certaine Special Matwrasions ; As by Laying them in Hay,Straw,&c. |
858 | And by Fire; As in Roafling, Stewing, Baking, &c. The Caufeofthe
| Sweetneffe by Rowling, and Prefing, is Emollitios, which they properly
| enduce; Asin Beating of stock-Fs/h,Flefh, &c. By Rottenne/fe is, for that |

the Spirits of the Frast, by Putrefaction, gather Heat, and thereby difgeft |

the |

| pen Fruit {coner. Vines, that haue beene drawne in at the Window of |

a ee ee
i”

Century. IX,

the Harder Part:For in all Putrefactions, there isa Degree of Heat, By
Time and Keeping is, becaufe the Spirits of the Body, doc ener feed vpon |
the Tangible Parts, and attenuate them. By Seucrall Afatarations is, by
fome Degree of Heat, And by Fire is, becaufe it is the Proper Worke of
Heat to Refine, and to Incorporate; And all Soarenefe confifteth in |
fome Groffenefeof the Body: And all J#corperation doth make the Agix- |
tare of che Body, more Equall, in all the Parts; Which ever induceth a |
Milder Taffev, vane

F Flefbes,fome are Edible; Some, except it be in Faniine, not.For
thofe thar are not Edible,the Caé/e is,for that they haue(common>
ly) too much Bitterneffe of Ta/Pe; And therefore thofe Creatures, which
| are Fierce andGholericke, are not Edsble; As Lions, Wolnes, Squirrels,
| Dogs, Foxes, Horfes, &c, As for Kine,Sheepe, Goats, Decre,Swine Conneyes,
| Hares 8cc. Welee they are Milde, and Fearefall, Yer itis true, that Hor-
fes, which are Bea/is of Courage, haue beene, and are eaten by fone
Nations; As the Scythians were called Aippophagi ; And the Chinefes cat
Hor/e-flefhat thisday ; And fome Glutsons haue vied to haue Colts-flefh |
baked. In Birds,fuch as are Carninora,and Birds of Prey, are commonly
no Good Meat ; But the Reafon is, rather the Cholericke Nature of thole
Birds, than their Feeding vpon Fle/h; For Paits, Galls, Showelers, Duckes,
doe feed vpon File), and yetarc Good Meat: And we fee, that thofe
Birds,which are of Prey, or feed vpon Fle, are good Afest, when they
are very Young ; As Aawkes,Rookes out of the Neaft, Owles, &c. Mans
Flefh isnot Eaten. The Reafons are Three : Firft, becaufe Men in Hama-
nity doe abhorre it : Secondly, becaufe no Liwing Creatwre, that Dyeth of
it feife,is good to Kat: And therefore the Caniballs (themfelucs) earno
Mans-flefh, of thofe that Dye of Themfelues, but of fuch as are Slainé, The
Third is, becaufe there muft be(generally) fome Diparity,berweene the
Nourifhment,and the Body Nowrifbed; And they muft not be Ouer-neere,
orlike: Yet we fee,that in great Weakneffes, and Con/wmptions, Men haue
| beenefuftained with Womans Milke : And Ficinus fondly (as I conceiue)
aduifeth, for the Prolongaties of Life, that a Yeine be opened in the Arme
of fome wholefome Young Man; And the Bloud to be fucked. Itis faid,
that Witches doc greedily eat Mans-flefh;whichifit be true, befides a Dé-
wellifh Appetite in them, itis likely to proceed, for that Afams-fle/h may
fend vp High and Pleafing Yapears, which may ftirre the Jmagination;
And Witches Felicitie is chiefly in Jewagination, as hath beene faid.

221

~—

Experiment
Solitary; tou»
ching Flefh E-
dible, and nor
Edible.

859

ueth in the Fére, and hath force alfo to extinguifh the Fére. It muff | Solitary, rou-

haue two Things, ifit be true;to this Operation : The One a very Clofe
Skin, whereby Flame, which in the Midft is not fo hor, cannot enter:For
we fee that if the Palme of the Hand be annointed thicke with White of
Egge, and then Aquauste be powred vpon it,and Enflamed, yet one may
endure the Flamea pretty while, The other is fome Extreme Cold and

Quenching

ane

|
j

Here is an Ancient Receiued Traastion of the Salamander, that it li- | Experiment
sso |

ching the Sela-
mander.

ers Natural Hifiary :

———_—___+—_—-—

Qnenching vertwe, in the Body of that Creatwre, which choaketh the Fire, |
We fee that Milke quenchethWild-Fire, better than Wistery becauferit |
_entreth better. i ties atte" Savgantad:

pT Wi 0

Experiment Ime doth change Frait, (as Apples, Peares, Pomgrawats, Sac.) fron
a pal T more Sowre,to more Sweet: Buc contratiwife Liquars (euen thofe
Sty Gycrations that are of the Zayce of Fruit) from more Sweet to more Sewre; As Wort;
of Time,vpon | Afuft, New Verinyce, 8c. The Canfe is, the Congregation of the Spirits to-
sees and l= | Sether: For in both Kindes,the Spérie is attenuated by Time ; But in the
361 | firftKinde, itis more Diffufed,and more Mafered by the Grofer Parts,
which the Spirits doe but difgeft : But in Dréskes the Spirits doeraigne,

and finding lefle Oppofition of the Parts, become themfelues more

Strong Which caufeth alfo more Strengthin the Liquor; Such, asif

the Spirits be of the Hotter Sore, the Liquor becommerh apr to Burae;

Burin Time, itcaufeth likewife, when the Higher Spirits are Euapora=

ted, more Sowrene/fe. | |
Experiment | ie hath»beene obferued by the Ancients, that. Plates of Metall, and
Bie seme efpecially of Braffé, applied pre{ently toa Blow, will keepe it downe

andBruijis. | ftom Swelling. TheCaufeis Repercuffion, without Humectation, or Ew-'
862 — tranceof any Body: forthe Plate hath only a Virtual Cold, which doth

| notfearchinto the Hart; Whereas all Plafers, and Ointments doenter,

| Surely, the Camfe, that Blowes\and Braifesenduce Swellings, is, for. that.
the Spirits reforting to Succour the Part that Laboureth, draw alforhe |
| Humoars with them: For we fee, that it isnorthe Repulfe, and the Re
\turne of the Hamsour in the Part Struken, that cauferlvit; For thar
Gouts, and Tooth-Aches caufe Swellisg, where there is no Percufian

at all,»

; ‘ ‘ gs 0
Experiment | He Nature of the Orris Raot, is almoftSingular; For there beefew- :
ae. | Odoriferous Roots ; And inthofe that are,in any degree, Sweet, it is |,
ey but the fame Sweesneffe with the Wood, or Leafe: But the Orris is not

863 Sweet inthe Leafe; Neither is the Flower any thing fo Sweet as the Root. :
The Root {cemeth to haue a Tender dainty Heat ; Which when it com-

| meth aboue Ground, to the Swnme, and the Aire, vanifheth: For itis a |

| great Malléfier ; And hatha Smelllike a Violet, tsa]

Experiment | T hath beene obferued by the Ancients,that a great Pefell full,drawne

onda ‘ow. Linto Botiles; And then the Léquor put againe into the Vefell; will not

prefiwot i” fillthe¥efell againe, fofull as it was, but that it may take in more Zs-

quors. quor: And that this holdeth more in Wine, than in Water. The Caufes

864 may he Triuiall, Namely, by the Expence of the Ziquer,in regard fome

may fticke to the Sides of the Bottles: But there may be a Can/e more |
Subtill; Whichis, that the Liquor in the Vefell, is not fo much Com.
prefjed, as in the Bottle ; Becaute in the Yefell, the Liquor mecteth with
Liquor chiefly; Butin the Botsles a Small Quantity of Liquor, a, Ib
tet

-————. $ ————— — — ee!

' Century, IX. [ 2a

tethwith the Sides of the Bottles, which Compreffe it fo, that it doth
not Openagaine.

V 7 Ater, being contiguous with 4ére, Cooleth it, but Moifteneth it Experiment
nor, except it Vapour, The Cas/e is, for that Heat, and Cold hauca Pi ean

Virtual Tranfition, without Communication of Subftance; but Merffure ace :

not: And toall MadefaiFior there is required.an Jmbibition = Buc where vpon dire Con-

the Bodées are of fuich feuerall Leuity,and Grauiry, asthey Minglénor, “

there car follow no Jmbibition, And therefore ,Ozlelikewife lyeth atthe , 865

Top of the Pater, without Commixture: And a ‘Drop of Water; running |

fwiftly ouera Straw, or Smooth Body, wetteth not: ) we

Solitary tou-

Cloudy Nights, The Canfeis, the Drineffe and Finene/fe of the Aire,’ camels:
which thereby becommeth more Piercing, and Sharpe : And therefore | jy: a ae
| Great Continents are colder than I/lands : And as tor the Moone, though| g66
it felfe inclineth the Aire to Moiffare, yet when it fhineth bright, it ars
gueth the 4ire is dry, Alfo Clofé Aire is warmer than Opes Aire ; which
' (it may be) is, for thar the true Caw/e of Cold, isan Expiration from the
| Glabe of the Earth, which in open Places is ftronger; And againe, Aire

SZ. light Nights, yeaand bright Moone-fhine Nights; are Colder than Experiment

eret Degree of Heat As it is not likewife without fome Secret Degree of
ight : For otherwife Cats, and Owles, couldnot fee in the Night ; But
that dire hath a little Light, Proportionable to the Hifwall Spirits of

thofe Creatures,

‘a He Eyes doe moue one and the fame way; For when one Eye mo- | Experiments
ueth to the Vo/thrill,the other moueth from the No/fhrill. The Canfe | 1 Conforc
is Motion of Confent, which in the Spirits, and Parts Spiritwall, is Strong. pp, <3
But yet fe will induce the Contrary : For fome can Sqasat, when they 867
will: And the Common Tradition is,that if Childres be {et vpona Table;
with a Gindle behind them, both Eyes will moue Outwards ; As affe-
Ging to fee the Light, and fo induce Squiwting.
Wee fee more exquifitely with One Eye Shut, than with Both Open, 868
The Caufeis, for charthe Spirits ¥i/ual vnite themfelues more, and fo

you fhut one Eye, the Pap: of the other Eye, that is Open, Dilateth,
The Eyes, ifthe Sight incet not in one Angle, See Things Dowble. The 869

Canfe is, for that Seemg two Things, and Seeing one Thing twice, wor-

keth che fame Effec? : And thereforea little Pellet, held betweene two

Fingers, laid a-crofie, feemeth Double,

Pore-blinde Men, {ec belt in the Dimmer Lights; And likewife haue 870
their Sight Stronger neere hand,than thofe tharare not Pore-bliad;And
can Reade and Write {aller Letters, The Caaféis, for that the Spirits
Vifuall, it thofe that are Pore-blinde, are Thinner, and Rarer, than in o-
thers ; And therefore the Greater Light difperfeth them. Forthe fame

: V Casfe

-

become Stronger, For you may fee, by looking ina Glaffe, that when
=

—$——— — - =

it felfe, ifit be not altered by that Expiration, is not without fome Se-

| 224 NK aturall History:

Canfe they necd Contracting ; But being Contracted, are more ftrong, | ~
than the Vi/wall Spirits of Ordinary Eyes are ; As when we feethorow a
Lenell, the Sight is the Stronger: And fo is it, when you gather the Bye-
lids fomewhat clofe : And itis commonly feene iw thofe that are Pare-
blinde, that they doe much gather the Eye-lidstogether. But Old Men,
when they would fee to Reade, put the Paper fomewhat afarre oft, The
Caafe is,for that Old Mens Spirits Vi/wall,contrary to thofe of Pore-blimde
Men, vnite not, but when the Obied# is at {ome good diftance, from
their Eyes,

871 Men {ce better, when their Eyes are ouer-againft the Sanne, or aCan-
dle, itthey put their Hand a little before their Eye. The Rea/on is,for that
the Glaring of the Sanne, or the Candle,doth weaken the Eye; whereas the
Light Circumfafed is cnough for the Perception, For we {ce,that anOuer-
light maketh the Byes Dazell; Infomuchas Perpetual! Looking againft
the Swune, would Caufe Blindnefe, Againe, if Mes come out of a Great
Light, into.a Darke Reome ;, And contrariwile, if they come out of a
Darke Reome, into a Light Roome, they {eemeto haue a Mi/ before their
Eyes, and {ee worfe, tnan they thalldoe, after they haue ftayed a little
while, either in the Light, or in the Darke, The Can/e is, for thatthe Spé-
rits Vifwal, are vpona Sudden Change, difturbed, and put out of Or-
der; And till they be recolleGted, doc not performe their Fun@ion well.
For when they are much Dilated by Light, they cannot Contract fudden-
lys;And when they are much Comtracfed by Darkueffe, they cannot Dilate
fuddenly, And Excefle-of both thefe (that is, of the Dilatation, and
Contraction of the Spirits ¥i(aall,) ifitbelong, Deftroyeth the Bye. For
as long Looking againft the Sux, or Fire, hurteth the Eye by Dilatation ;
So Cariows Painting in Small Volumes, and Reading of Swall Letters, dot |
hurt the Eye by Contraction, ’

872 Ithath beene obferued, that in Aager, the Eyes wax Red; And ia
Blufbing, not the Eyes, but the Eares, and the Parts behinde them, The
Can(e is, for that in Anger, the Spirits afcend and wax Eager; \WVhichis ;
moft cafily feene in the Eyes, becaufe they are Tranflucides; Though | 5
withall it maketh both the Cheekes, and the Gills Red; But in Blufbing, it

is true, the Spirits afcend likewife to Succour, both the Eyes, and the
Face, whicharethe Parts that labour: But then they are repulfed by
the Eyes, for that the Ayes, in Shame doe put backe the Spirits, that af-
cend tothem, as vawilling tolookeabroad : For no Man, in that Pa/f-
on, doth looke ftrongly, but Deieftedly; And that Repwlfion from the
Eyes, Diuerteth the Spirits and Heat more to the Eares, and the Parts by
them,
873 The Objeé#s of the Sight, may caufea great Pleafare and Delight in
the Spirits,but no Paine,or great Offence;Except it be by Memory,as hath
beene faid, The Glim/es and Beames of Diamonds that {trike the Bye; In-
dian Feathers, that haue glorious Colours ; The Comming intoa Faire
Garden ; The Comming into a Faire Roome richly furnifhed ; A Beawsifall
Perfon; And the like; doe delight andexhilarate the Spirsts much, The
Reafon,

Century. 1X.

Rea(on, why it holdeth not in the Offence,is for that the Sight is the molt
Spiritusll of the Senfes; whereby it hath no Obie Groffe enough to of-
fend it. But the Caw/e (chiefly) is, for that there be no Aine ObieéFs to
offend the Eye, For Harmonicall Sounds, and Difcordant Sounds, are both
Aéfine,and Pofitive: So are Sweet Smells, aud Stinkes : So are Bitter, and
Sweet, in Taffes : Soare Oner-Hot,and Oner-Cold, in Touch: But Black-

neffe, and Darkne/fe,are indeed but Prisatives; And theretore haue little |

or no Aéfinitie, Somewhat they doe Contriftate, but very little,

W “2 of the Sea, or otherwife, looketh Blacker when it is moued,
and Whiter when it refteth. The Cau/eis, for that by meanes of
the Motion, the Beames of light paffe not Straight,and therefore muft be
darkened : whereas, when it refteth, the Beames doc paffe Straight.Be-
fides, Splendour hath a Degree of Whitene(fe;, E{pecially if there be a lit-
tle Repercuffien: Fora Looking-Glaffe with the Steele behinde, looketh
Whiter, than Gla/fe Simple. This Experiment deferucth to be driven fur-
ther, in Trying by what Meanes Motion may hinder Sight,

Hell-Fifh hauebeene, by fome of the Axcients compared and forted
Swit the Jnfecfa; But I {ee no reafon why they thould; For they haue
Male, and Female, as other Fi/ haue: Neither are they bred of Pwtrefa=
éien ; Efpecially fuchasdee Moue, Neuertheleffe itis certaine, that
Oifters, and Cockles, and Mufles, which Moue not, haue no difcriminate
Sex : Quere in what time, and how they are bred ? It feemeth that Shells
of Oiffers are bred where none were before; And it is tried,that the great
Her/e-Mufile, with the fine fhell, that breedeth in Posds,hath bred with-
in thirty yeares : But then,which is ftrange, it hath bene tried,that they
doe not only Gape, and Shut, as the Oifers doe,but Remoue from one
Place to Another,

3 He Senfes arc alike Strong,both on the Right Side,and on the Left;
But the Limbes onthe Right Side are Stronger. TheCaw/e may be,
for that the Braine, which is the Jeframent of Sen/e, is alike on both
Sides; But Motion, and Habilities of Mowing, are f{omewhat holpen from
the Liwer, which lieth on the Right Side.It may be alfo, for that the Sen.
fesare putin Exércife, indifferently, on both Sides, from the Time of
our Birth ; Butthe Zimbes are vfed moft on the Right Side, whereby Cw-
frome helpeth ; For we feethat fome are Left-Handed : Which are fuch,
as haue vfed the Left- Hand mott.

Riétions make the Parts more Flefhie, and Fall: As wee fee bothin
Men; And in Currying of Horfes, &c. The Canfe is for that they draw
greater O wamtitie of Spirsts and Blowd to the Parts; And againe, becaufe
they draw the Aliment mere forcibly from within : And againe,becaufe
they relax the Pores, and fo make better Paffage tor the Spirits, Blowd,
and Alimsent:Laftly, becaufe they diffipate and difgeft any Jmatsle or Ex-
2 SE crémentisious

225

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Co-
loxr otthe Sea,
orother Water.

874

Experiment
Solitary ron-
ching Skel-
Fifb.

875

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Right
Sidey andthe
Left.

876

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Friétiens.

877

226 N aturall Fistors:
crementitious Moifiure, whichlicth in the Flefh: Allwhich helpe 4fami-
| lation, Bricitons alio doe more Fill, and Japinguate the Body, than Exer-
\ ale The Canjfeis, forthatin Frictious, the Jwward Parts are at ref;
| Which in Exercife are beaten(many times)too much: And for the fame
| Reafon, (as we haue noted heretofore) Gally-Slaues are Fat and Fle/hy,
| becaufe they ftirre the Limsmes more, and the Jwward Parts lefTe,

Experiment Ace Globes afarre off appeare Flat. The Cau/e is,for that Diffance be-
oe ing a Secundary Obiect of Sight, is not otherwife difcerned,than by
ee ing Flat | More oF lefle Light; which Diparity when it cannot be difcerned,all fee.
atDifiance. | meth Owe: As itis (generally) in Obsec#s not diftinélly difcerned ; For
878. | fo Letters, if they be fo farre off, as they cannot be difcerned, thew but
asaDuskifh Paper: And all Engranings and Emboffings, (afarte oft) ap- |
peare Plagne. bt

Experiment | @ ‘ * He Vtmoft Parts of Shadowes f{eerne cuer to Tremble, The Canfe is;
Senaya for that the little Moats, which we fee in the Sunne,doc euer Stirre,

ic mags though there be no Hind; And therefore thofe Mouing,in the Meetin
°79 | ofthe Light and the Shadow, from the Light to the Shadow, and from
the Shadow to the Light, doe thew the Shadow to Moue, becaufe the
Medium Moucth. +
Fine Hallow, and Narrow Seas, breake more than Deepe, and Large. The
oO; itary tou-

ching the Row- | SCau/e is, for that the Jepulfios being the fame in Both; Where there |
lingandBrea- | 1S greater Quantity of Waser, and likewife Space Enough; there the Wa-
kingofthe Seas. | rey Rowleth and Moueth, both more Slowly, and witha Sloper Rife; '
880 | and Fail : But where there is lefle Water, and leffe Space, and the Water
dafheth more againft the Bottome;there it moueth more Swiftly, and
more in Precipice;F or in the breaking of the Wanes there is cuer a Precipice. |

Experiment [i hath beene obferued by the Axcients, that Salt Water Boyled, or
aoe pa. | & Beyled and Cooled againe, is more Potable, than of itfelfe Raw: And
Taeen of Sale| yet the Jaffe of Salt, in Dé/tillations by Fire, rifethnot ; For the Diftélled
| water. | Water will be Fre(h, The Caufe may be, forthat the Salt Part of the Wa-

881i ter, doth partly rife into.a Kind of Scamme on the Top; And partly go-
| eth intoa Sediment in the Bottome: And fois rather a Separation, than
an Ewaporation, But it 's too groffe to rife into a Vapour : And fo isa Bia-

| ter Tafle likewife ; For Simple Déftilled Waters, of Wermewood, and the |

like,are not Bitter.

se leew om | BS hath beene fer downe before, that Pits vpon the Sea-Shere, turne
“ching there» | SL into Frefb Water, by Percolation of the Salt through the Sand : Burisis

| turne of Salt-

| twneofSilt- | furcher noted, by fome of the Ancients, that infome Places of affricke,
cee sce. alter atime, the Water in fuch Pits will become Bracki(h againe. The
| Shores | Can/e is, for thatatcer a time, the very Sands, thorow which the Salt-
| 882 | Water paffeth, become Sak; And fo the Strainer it {elfe is tindéted ith |
t.

Century. TX,

Sale. TineRemedy therefore is, to digge fill New Pits; when onan | aay

wax Bracki{b; Asaf you would change your Strainer,

[t hath beene obferucd by the Ancients, an Salt: wis! er, wil! difolie
Salt put into 1t,ia Iefle time than Frefh Waoter will diffalue ir-The Caufe
may be, for that the Salt in the Precedent Water, doth, by Similitadeof
Swbflance, draw the Salt new put in, vnto it; Whereby it diffuferh in the
Liquormore {pecdily, Thisisa Noble Experiment; ifiebe trucy F 9
fheweth Meanes of more Quicke and Eatte dafufiqns;And.at is Hike

agood Inflance of Attraction, by Similitude of Subftance, Try it with Si |

gar put into Water, formerly Sagred ; And into bea Raped to

cit

Ve Sugar into Vine, part of it aboue, part vnder rhesiee, 3 And =s |

fhall finde, (that which may feeme ftrange,) thatthe Sagaraboue
the Winewili foften and diffolue fooner,than that wichirthe 47e, The

i the Wine, by Simple Jnfafios, or Spreading; But thar \Part aboue the
Wine is likewife forced by Sucking: For all Spusgie Bodies expellthe
Aire,and draw in Ligaor, ifitbe Contiguous: As we fecitalfo in Span.

ges, put part abourthe Water. Iris worthy the Inguiry, to fee how be

nay inake more Accurate be by Helpe a Assrattion,

V 7 Ater in Welsis warmers Winter, tliat in Suse And naive

in Caués,.TheCds/e is, forcthat in the HicherwPayts, vnder'the-

Earth, there isva Degree of {dine Heat; (As appearethin Sulphireons
Veines, 8c.) Which (hut clofe iv, (asin thinten) is the uted Bursfi it
Perfpire, (as it doth in Summer) ivis bbe Lalit ; bosul

Tis reported, thatam ongft the Lencacians, i in Ancienit time, vpoma
“A Superftition;they did vfe to Precipicatea Man, from a High ch iffe inte
the Sea; Tying aboutbim, with Strings, at fome diftance, many great
Fowles; And fixing voto his Body diuers Feathers, (pred; to. breake the
Fall, Certainly. many Birds of good Wise, (As Kites, and the like) wou!d

bearevpa good Weight as they flics Aud Spreading of Feathers, thin and | *

clofe, and in great Bredth, will likewile beare vp a great Weght ;Being
euen laid without Tuting vpon the Sides. The further Eeation of this,

Experiment for Fling may be thought vpon,

"Here is, in fome Places) (namely in Cephalonia) a little Shrab,

which they call Holy-Oake, ot Dwarfe-Oake : Vpon the Leawes
whereof there rifeth a Tumour, likea Blifter ; VWWhich they gather,and
rub outof it,acertaine Red Duff, that conuerteth (after awhile) into
Wormes, waich they kill with Wine, (as is repotted,) when they beginne
to Quicken: With this Daft it dic Scarlet,

Is Zant, itis very ordinary, to make Mes Bepacns, to accompany
V3

| 237

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Attraéti-
on by Similitude |
of SubRance,

383

»
Expériment
Solitary rou-

‘ ching Ajtra-
| iow,
Can/e is, for thar the Wiae entreth that Part of the Sagarjwhichisvader | ”

884

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Heat yn-
der Earth, }

885

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Fly: Wag in
the Ait:

886

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Dye
of Scarlet,

837

Experiment
h | Solitary tou-

| ———
| 228 |
—EEEE

| ching Malefi- |
| ciating.

888

|
|

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Rife

[ of Water, by

, Meanes of

| Flame.

i 889
|
|
{

|
}

Experiments
in Confort,
| touching the

Influences of
the Moone,

re

~~ Natural Hiflory:

with their Wiwes. The like is Practifed in Gafconie ; Where it is called
Nouér | egusllette. Ivis practifed a!wa:es vpon the Wedding Day, And in

| Zant, the Mothers themfelues doe it, by way of Preuention ; Becaufe ,

thereby they hinder other Charmes, and can vadoe their Owne. Itis a
Thing the Ciwill Law taketh knowledge of; And therefore is of no Light
Regard.

T is a Common Experiment, but the Cau/fé is miftaken. Take a Pot,

(Or better a Glaffe,becaufe therein you may fee the Motion,) And feta
Gandle lighted inthe Bottome of a Bafen of Water ; And turne the Mouth
of the Pot,or Glafe,oucr the Candle,and it will make che Water rife. They
afcribe it, to the Drawing of Heat ; Whichis not true: For itappeareth
plainly to bebtita Motion of Nexe, which they call Ne detur vacuum ;
And it proceedeth thus. The Flame of the Candle, as fooneas it is couc-

_ | red, being fuffocated by theClofé Aire, leffeneth by little and little: Du-

ring which time;there is forse little Afcent of Water,but not much: For
the Flame Occupying leffe and leffe Roome, as it leffeneth, the pater
fueceedeth, Bat vpon the 7affant of the Candles Going owt, there is afud-
den Rife, of great deale of Waser; For that the Bedy of the Flame filleth
nomore Place; And fo the Aire, and the Water ficceed. It worketh rhe
fame Effed, ifin ftead of Water, you put Flower, or Sand, into the Bafen:
Which fheweth, tharit is notthe Flemes drawing the Liqueur, as Now-
rifoment; As iris fuppofed ; For all Bodjes are alike ynto it; As itis euet
in Afotion of Nexe; Infomueh as I hauefeene the G/a/fe, being held by
the Hand, hathiifted vp the Bs/en, and all: The Cvtotion of Nexe,didfo
Clafpe the Botsomse of the Baféw, That Experimest, when the Bafes was
lifted vp,was made with Oile, and not with Water : Neuerthelefie this is
true, thatat the very firft Sesting of the Mouth of the Gla/fe, vpon the Bet-
tome of the Ba/em, it draweth vp the Water alittle, and then ftandeth ata
Stay almoft till the Camdles Going ows, as was faid. This may thew fome
Attraion at firft: But of this we will fpeake more, when we handle Ae-
trattions by Heas,

Of the Power of the Celeftiall Bodies, and. what more Se-
cret Influences they haue, befidesthe two Manifelt Influences
of Heat, atid Light, We thall foeake, when we handle Experi-
ments touching the Cele/fiall Bedies : Meane-while, wee will
give fome Directions for more certaine Trials, ofthe Vertue,
and Influences of the Moone; which is our Neeref# Neigh-
bour.

The Influences of the Moone, (moft obferued,) are Foure.
Tlic Drawing forth of Heat : The Inducing of Putrefattion :
The Increafe of Moiffure ; ihe Exciting of the Motions of
Spirits. .

For

{
|
|
!

en I LL —e
ET 4 7

t

(century. I X.

4

For the Drawing forth of Heat, we hauc formerly preferibed,torake | 890 |

Water Warme, and co fec Part of iragaintt the Moone-Beames,and Part of |
it with a Skreeme betweenes And to fee whether that which ftandeth Ex: | |
fed tothe Beames, will not Coole fooner. But becaufe this ‘i bur a |
Small isterpe/ition, (though in the Sam we fee a Sma} Shade dothmuch,) |
it were good to trie it, when the Moone thineth,and when the Meome thi- |
neth notatall; And with Water Warme io a Glaffe- Bottle, aswel!asin a
Difh ; And with Cénders ; And with Zrom Red-Hot; Bcc, |
For the Jmducing of Patrefactio, itwere good to trie it with Fl /b, or
Fifh, Expoted tothe Mooue-Beames; Andagaine Expofed tothe Aire,
when the Moone fhineth not, for the likerime ; To fte whether willicor-
ruptfooner: And trieit alfo with Capon, or fomeOther Fowle, Jaid'a-
broad, ro fee whecher it will mortifie, and become tender fooner ? Trice
it alfo wich Dead Flies, or Dead Wormes, hauing a jietle Water caft vpon
them, to fee whether will Pwsrifie fooner, Tric italfo with an Apple, or
Orenge, hauing Holes made in their Tops, to fee whether will Rot or}
Mould foener ? Try italfo with Holland-Cheefe, hauing Wine put into it,
whether will breed Mites fooner, or greater?
For the Zucreafe ot Moiffure, the Opinion Receiued is; That Séeds Boz
will grow fooneft; And Hatre, and Wailes,and Hedges, and Herbs, Cut,
&c. will grow fooneft, if they be Set, or Cut,'in the Jncrea/é of the
| Meone, A!fo that Braines in Rabsts, Wood-cockes, Calwes, 8c. are fulleft in
_ the Fwllof the cone: And io of Marrow inthe Bowes : And fo of Offers,
and Cockles, which ofall the reft are the cafiefteried, if you hatie them
in Pits, ; aa mi

Take fome Seeds, or Roots, (4s Onions, Sec.) and fer fome of them im- 893
mediatcly after the Chamge; And others of the faine kinde immediately
afterthe Fal. Lec thembeas Likeas can be: The Earth alfo the Same
asneareasmay be; And thereforebeftin Pets: Let the Pots alfo ftand,
whereno Raine, ot Susve may comerothem, left the Differesce of the
Weather confound the Experiment: And chen fee in what T ime,the Seeds
Set inthe Jscreafe ofthe Moene, cometo a certaine Height; And how
they differ from thofe that are Set in the Decresfe of the Moonew:

Ic is like, chat the Braine of Mas waxeth Meifter, and Faller, vpon the 894
Full of the Moone: And therefore it were good for thofe that have Moif?
Braines,and are great Drinkers,to take Fume of Lignum Aloés, Refe-Mary,
Frankincenfe,&c, about the full of the Moone. Ic ts like alfo,that the Ha-

| mours in Mens Bodies, Increafe, and Decreafe, asthe Meomedoth; And
therefore it were good to Purge, fome day, or two, after the Fw; For
that then the Aumoars will not replenifh fo foone againe,

As for the Exestzng of the Motion of the Spirits, you mutt note that the 895
Growth of Hedges, Herbs,Haire,&c, is caufed from the Moone, by Exciting
of the Spirits, as well as by Imereafe of the Moire, But for Spirits in
particular, the great Juffance is in Lamacies, .

; . There may be other Secret Effets of the Influence of the Btooncr,} 896
| which are not yet brought into Ob/erwation, It may be, that if it fo fall
out,

|

LLL LC (eT Ce eet

x

230 | Natural: Fifiory:

ee

out, thatthe Wind be North, or North-Ea/t, inthe Full of the Afooue, it
increafegh Cold; And if South, or South Weft, itdifpofcth the wire, fora
good while, to Warmth, and Raine; VV ich would be obferued. ‘
897 Itmay be, thatChildrés,and Young Cattell, thaviare Brought forth in the
Full of the Moene,ate fttonger, andlarger, than thofe that are brought
forthin the Wane: And thofe alfo which are Begottes in the Fall of the
Moone: So that itmight be good Husbandry, toput Rams, and Bulls to
their Female, fomewhat. before the Fab of the Moone. It may be alfo,
that che Eyges lay'din the Fall of the Moone; breed the better Bird: And
a Number of thelike Effects, whichmay bebrought into Ob/ermation:
Quere allo, whether great Thunders, and Earth-Quakes, be not moftin
the Fall of-the Adoone? , t

Experiment 1 He Turning of Wine to Vinegaryis a Kinde of Putrefaction: And io
aoe Pee | Making of Vinegar, they vie.to fet Veffels of Wine over againft the

898 Noone-Swnne;, which calleth our.the more Oily Spirits, and leaueth the
Liquoar more Sonre,and Hard. We:fee alfo, that Burnt-Wine is more
Hard,and Affriagent,than Wine Vabarnt, I is faid,that Cider in Nawigati-
ons wader the Line ripeneth, when W4ne or Beere foureth, It were good
to feta Rumdlet of Veriayce oucr againit the Sumne,in Summer,as they doc
Vinegar, to fee whether, it will Ripen,and Sweeten,

Experiment | “J” Here be diucrs Greatwres, that Slecpe all Winter; As the Beare, the
Fig ge Hedge-bogge, the Bat, the Bee, &e. Thefe all wax Fat when they
chat Sleepe all | Sleede, and egeft not, The Caw/é of their Fastening, during their Sleeping |
Winie.- time, may be the Want of Affimilating; For whatfocuer 4/fimilateth not

899 to Flefh, turneth either to Sweat,or Fat. ThefeCreatures,for part of their
Sleeping Time,hauc beene ebferuednot to Stirreat all; And for the other
part, to Stérre, but not to Remene,, And they get Warme and Clofe Places
to Sleepein,, When the Flemmings WV intred in Nena Zembla,the Beares,
abourthe Middle of 2owember, went to Sleepe And then the Foxes be-
gan to come forth, which durft not before. It is noted by fome of the
Ancients, that the Shee- Beare breedeth, and lyeth in with their Young,
during thattime of Ref: Andthata Beare, Bigge with Young, hath {el-
dome beene feenc.

Experiment Qe Lining Creatares arc Procreated by Copslasson betweene Male>,
ae pal and Female; Some by Patrefadion; And of thofe which come by Pa-
nerating of | brefactton,mavy doc (nevertheleffe) afterwards precreate by Copwlation)
creatwres by Co- | Bor the Can/é of both, Generations: Firft, it is moft certaine, tharthe
canal ” | Caufe of all Vinéfication, is a Gentle and Proportionable Heat, working vp-

900 on a Glasinous and Yeelding Subftance: For the Heat doth bring forth Spi |

rit in that Sabftance: And the Swbffance, being Glutinous,produceth Two |

Effects: The One, that the Spirit is Desaibel and cannot Breake forth: |

The Other,that the Matter being Gentle,and Yeelding, is driven forwards |

by the Afotion of the Spirits,after {ome Swelling into Shape,and Members, |

There- |

a

Century. IX.

j

s

_ | Therefore all Sperme, ll Men/fruous Sub/fance, all Matter whereof Crea-
i

vi

J

tures are produced by Patrefac#on, hauc eucrmore a Clofeneffe, Lentour,
and Sequa/ity. It feemeth therefore, that the Generation by Sperme enly,
and by Putrefaction, haue two Different Cas/es, The Firftis, for thar
Creatures, which haue a Defizite and Exac# Shape, (as thofe haue which
are Procreated by Copalation,) cannot be produced by a Weake, and Ca-
Swall Heat ; Nor out of Matter, which is not exactly Prepared, according
} tothe Species. The Second is, for that there is a greater Time required
for Maturation of Perfect Creatures ; Forif the Time required in/ia:fica-

tion be of any length, then the Spirit will Exhale, before the Creature be
Mature: Except it be Enclofed in a Place where it may haue Continuance

| of the Heat, Acceffe of fome Neusrifoment to maintaine it, and Clofeneffe

; g : E

| that may keepe it from Exhaling, And fuch Places are the Wembes, and
Matrices, of the Females, And therefore all Creatures, made ot Putrefa-

- tion, arcof more Vucertarne Shape; Andare madein Shorter Time,And

| need not fo Perfe& an Exelofure, though fome Clofeneffe be commonly
required. As for the Heathen Op:nion, which was,that vpon great Auta-
} tions of the World, Perfect Creatures were firft Engendred of Con-
f cretion; As wellas Frogs, and Wormes, and Flies, and {uchlike,
\ arenow; WVce know it tobe vaine: Bucif any fuch
. Thing fhould bee admitted, Difcourfing accor-
ding to Senfe, it cannot be, except you ad-
mit a Chaos firft, and Commixture of
Heawen, and Earth. For the
Frame of the Werld,once in
Order,cannor effet it
by any Exce/fe,or
Cafualties,

aS «<1 et te

NATV-

| 238

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BE Ss AIS EQOD PCBS 19):

ATVRALL

tS Teri rt.

X. Century.

1

aa} He Philofophie of Pythagoras, ( which

| was full of Superftition,) did firlt
planta Monftrous Imagination;Which
afterwards was, by the Schoole of
Plato, and Orhers, Watred and Nou-
rifbed. It was, that the World was
One Entire, Perfect, Lining Creature ;
In fo much as Apollonius of ‘Lyana,a
Pythagorean Prophet, affirmed, that the Ebbing and Flowing
of the Sea, was the Re/piration of the World, drawing in Wa-
ter as Breath, and putting it forthagaine. They wenton,and
inferred; Thacif the World werea Lining Creature, ithad a
Soule, and Spirit; Which alfo they held, calling it Spiritus
Mundi, The Spirit or Soule ofthe World: By which they did
notintend God ; (forthey did admit of a Deitie befides,) But
only

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Tran{miffion,
and Influx of
immateriate :
Vertues,andthe
Force of imagi-
nation.

234. | Naturall Hiflory: |

| only the Soule, or Eifentiall Forme of theVniner/e. This Foun-
dationbcing laid,they mought buildvpon it,what they would,
Forin a Lining Creature,though neuer fogrear,( As for Exam-
plein a great Whale, )the Senfe,and the Affects of any one Part
of the Body, inftantly make a Tran/curfion thorowout the
whole Body: Sothat by this they did infinuate, that no Di-
ftance of Place, nor Want or Indifpofition of Matter,could hin-
der Magical! Operations ; But that, (for Example,) we mought
herein Europe,haue Senfe and Feeling of that,which was done
in China; And likewife, we mought worke any Effect, with-
out,ad again{t Matter : Aud this, not Holpen by the Coopera-
tionof Angels, or Spirits, but only by the Mnity and Harmony
of Nature. There were fome allo, that ftaid not here; but
went further, and Held; That if the Spirit of Man, (whom

they call the Mécroco/me,) doe giuca fit touch to the Spirit of |

the World, by {trong Imaginations,and Beleefes,it mightcom-
mand Nature ; For Paracel/us,and fome darkfome Authors of
Magicke,doe alcribeto Imagination Exalted,the Power of Mi-
racle-working Faith. With thefc Vaft and Bottomleffle Follies,
Men hauc beene (in part) entertained.

But we, that hold firme to the Workes of God; Andtothe |

Senfe, which is Gods Lampe ; (Lucerna Dei Spiraculum Homi- |
nis ; ) will enquire with all Sobrietie, and Seucritic,_whether |
there be to be found, in the Foor-fteps of Nature, any fuch |
Tran{mifionand Influx of Immateriate Vertues ; And what the |
Force of Imagination is ; Either vpon the Body Imaginant, or
‘| vpon another Body; Wherein it will be likechat Labour of |
| Hercules,in Purging the Stable of Augeas, to {eparate from Sw- |
| perfitiow,and Magical Arts,and Obféeruations,any thing thatis |
clean, aud pute Natural; Andinot to be cither. Conremned, |
or Condemned. And although wee {hall haue occafion to |
{peake of this in more Places than Onc, yet wee will now
Experiments | Makefome Entrance thereinto; |

in Confort, ,

Monitory,tou- ; 5 P
ching Tran Ea arc to be Admonithed, that they doe! not withdraw Credit,
winner: tl from the Operations by Tran/miffiow of Spirits, and Force of Imagina- |
vils, and the

}

Force of Imagi- \tiom,beca ule the Effects faile fometimes. For as in Jnfection,and Contagion
nation. from Body to Body, (as the Plague, and thelike,) itis moft certaine, that
gol the

7

Century. X.

the JnfecFion is receiued (many times) by the Body Paffine, but yet is by
| the Strength, and good Dipo/itson thereof, Repulfed,and wrought our,
before it be formed into a Difeafe ; So much more in Jmprefiions from
| Minde to Minde, or ftom Spirit to Spirit,the Japrefiton taketh, but is En-
, countred, and Ouercome, by the Ménde and Spirst, which is Pafiiue be-
| fore it worke any manifelt Efe. And therefore, they workemoft vp-
on Weake Mindes, and Spirits : As thofe of Women ; Sicke Perfoms;Super-
| fitious, and Fearefull Per(ons ; Children, and Young Creatures.
| Nefcio quis teneros Oculus mihi fafcinat Agnos: |
| The Poet fpeaketh not of Sheepe, but of Lambs, As for the Weaknefe of
| the Power of them, vpon Kings, and Magi/frates ; It may be afcribed(be-
fides the maine, which is the Protection of God, ouer thofe that Execute
his Place) to the Weakne/fe of the Jasagénation of the Jesaginant : For it is
hard, fora Witch, or a Sorcerer, to put on a Beleefe, that they can hurt
| fch Perfons, % .
Men are to be Admonifhed, on the other fide, that they doe not ea-
: fily giue Plice and Credit to thefe Operations, becaufe they Succeed many
times ; For the Cane of this Succeffe, is (oft) to be truly afcribed, vnto
the Force of Affection and Imagination, vpon the Body Agent; And then
| by a Secondary Meanes, it may worke vpon a Diners Body: As for Exam-
ple Ifa atamcarry a Planets Seale;or a Ring, ot forme Part of a Beaft, be-
| leening ftrongly, thacit will helpe him to obtaine his Lowe; Or to keep
| hiarfrom danger of hurtin Fight ; Or to preuaile in a Swit 5 8ec. it may
| make him more acHwa, and Yndujirioass Atid againe, more Confident,
| aad Perfifting, than otherwife he would be Now the great Effed?s thar
may come of Indafiry, and Perfewéravice, (éfpécially in Ciwsl Bafine/fe,)
who knoweth not > Forwee fee Mudacitie doth alinoft bindeand mate
the weaker Sort of Minds; And thé State of Humane Actions is fo varia- |
ble, that to try Things oft, and never to giteoner, doth ‘Wonders:
Therefore, it were a Meere Fallacie and Mi/faking, to afcribe that tothe
Force of Imapination,y Son antothet Body, whichis but the Farce of Ima-
ginationvpon the Proper Body: For thereis no doubt, but that Jmagina-
| idm, anid Vebement Affection, worke greatly vpon the Body of the sasagi-
| gant : Asive fhalltheiw in due place, gc Pod :
_ Men areto be Admonithed, that 4s they are not to miftake the Caufes
ofthefe Operations ; So, much hele; they are to miftake the Fac, or Ef-
| fed; Andrathly to take that fordone, which istiot done, And there-
| forep asdliners wife Indeed have! preferibed, and cautioned, Mew may
; notrod Fathly beleeie, the Confefftons of Witches, nor yet the Ewsdence
againfithem, ‘For the Witches thetnfeluts ate Lmaginatine, and belecue:
oft-titties}they dod tht, which théy doe tot: And People are Credulons
in that point, and ready to impute Accidents, aid Natarall Operations, to
Witch-<craff, Wis worthy the Obfetuing, chat bork in Aacient, and Late
times; (Asiniithe Theffaian Witches, and the Meetings of Witches that
hauebeené recorded by fo many late Conféfiens ;) the great Wenders
which they tell, of Carrying in the Aire; Transforming themfelucs sie
D3 : r other

902

993

236

oo

904

9°§

906

KN aturall History:

other Bodies; &c, arc ftill reported to be wrought, not by Trcaniations,
or Ceremonies ; But by Ointments, and Anointing tem{clues all oucr, |
This may ify mone a Man to think, thatthefe Fables are the Effects of
Imagination : For it is certaine, that Ofstments doe all, (if they be laidon
any thing thicke) by Stoppéag of the Pores, (hut in the Vapours, and fend
thern to the Head extremely And for the Particular Jagredseats of thofe
Magical Ofntments,it is like they are Opiate and Soporiferous For Anoin-
ting of the Fore-Head,Necke, Feet, Back-Bone,we know is vfed for Procu-
ring Dead Sleepes: Aind if any Mam fay, that this Effect would be better
done by Inward ‘Potions; Anfwer may bee made, that the Medicines,
which go to the Ont ments,are fo ftrong,that ifthey were vied Inwards,
they would kill thofe that vfe rhem : And therefore they worke Potent-
ly,though Outwards,

Wee will diuide the Seuerall Kindes of the Operations, by
Tran{mifion of Spirits, and Imagination ; Which will give no
{mail Light tothe Experimentsthat follow. All Operationsby
Tran[mifvion of Spirits, and Imagination hauc this ; That they |
Worke at Diftance, and not at Touch; And they are thefe be-
ing diflinguifhed. |.

The Firft is the Tran/maiffion.or Emiffion, of the Thinner, and more
Airie Parts of Bodies; As in Odowrs,and Infections ; And this is, ofall the
reft, the moft Corporeall. But you muft remember withall, that there be
a Number of thofe Ewsifians, both Whol/ome,and Vawbel/ome, that giue
no Smell at. all: For the Plagwe, many times, when it is taken, giuethno
Sent atall: And there be many Geed and Healthfuil Aires, that dee ap-
peare by Hahstation, and other Proofes, that differ not in Smell from o-
ther dires, And vnder this Head,you say place all Zombibitions of Aire,
where the Swb/tance is Maseriall, Odowr-like;, WVhereot fome neuerthe-
leffe are ftrange, and very fuddenly diftufed; As the lseration, which
ithe dare receiucth in «Aigypt, almoftimmediatly,vpon the Réfiag of the
Riwer of Nilus, whereof we haue fhoken, . sbvians
The Second is. the Tran/mifSion ox EsnifSon of thofe Things thatwe call.
Spiritual Species; As Vifibles, and Seusds : The onc whereof wee hauc,
hagdled;”ind the other we fhall bandle in duc place, Thefe moue fwift-
ly,and atgreardiftance; But then they require a Medinm well difpofed,
And their Yran/msfion is eafily topped. bt

The Third is the Evoifiions, which caufe Attraction of Certaine Bodies,
\at Diftance; Wherein though the Load/tone be commonly placed in the
\Firft Ranke, yet we thinke good toexceptit, and referre it to anorher,
| Head; But the Drawing of Amber, and let, and other, Bleftricke Boaies 5
| And the dterac7ion n Gold ofthe Spirit of Quick-Siluer,at diftance,; And
| the Attraction of Heat 41 diftance ; And that of Fére.to Naphtha; And)
| that affome Herbs io Water,though at diftance; Apecings others;WVe.

fhallhandle, butycrnot ynder this prefent Zisley but vnder the Téthe of

Altraction in general). i ' loy.varh

he The

—__—_

| Century. X.
|
|
:

The Fourth isthe Emiffiom of Spirits, and Immateriate Powers and
Vertwes, in thofe Things, which worke by the Vazuer/all Configuration,
and Sympathy of the World, Not by Formes, or Cele/ftall Inflaxes, (as is
vainly raughe and receiued,) but by the Primitiue Nature of Matter, and |
the Seeds of Things. Of thiskinde is, (as we yet {uppofe,) the Working of |
the Load-Stone, which is by Confent with the Globe of the Barth: Of this |

_Kindeis the Motion of Gramity, which is by Confent of Denfé Bodtes,with |
the Globe of the Earth: Ot this kinde is fome Difpofition of Bodtesto Ro-

| tation, and particularly from Ea/f to Weft : Of which kinde we conceiue

| the Maine Float and Re-float of the Seais, whichis by Con/ent of the Yui-

| werfe,as Part of the Diurnal Motion, Thefe Immateriate Vertes hauc this
Property differing from Others; That the Diser/ity of the Medinm hin-
‘dreth them not; But they paffe through all Atediums; yet at Determinate

| diffances, And of theft we hall fpeake, as they are incident to feue-
vrall Titles,

The Fifttvis the Bmifions of Spirits; And this is the Principallin our

Intention to handle now in this Place: Namely,the Operation of the Sps-
| yits ofthe Minde of Mas, vpon other Spirits: And this is of a Double Na-
| gare: The Operations of the Affections, it they be Vehement; And the
| jon OF the Imaginatien, ifitbe Strong. But thefe two are fo Con-
| pled, as we fhall handle them togethet: For when an Ewsiows, or Amo-
‘vous Afpedt, doth infe& the Spirits of Another, there is loyned both
Affection, and Imagination. wish hes
The Sixthiis, che Influxes of the Heawealy Bodies, befides thofe two
Manifeft Ones, of Heat, and Zight, But thefe we will handle, where we
‘| handle the Celefzall Bodies, and Motions, pe pay,
The Seventh is the Operations of Sympathy ; Which thé Writers of
Natural Magicke haue brought intoan Art ot Precept : And it is this;
| That if you defire to Super-induce, any Vertwe or Dé/pofities,Vpon a Per-
| fon, you fhould take the Lisisg Creature, in which that Vertwe is moft E-
gninent, and in Perfection : Of that Créatare you mutt take the Parts,
wherein that pertae chiefly is Collocate : Againe, you mouft take thofe
Parts, in the Time, and AG, when that Vertue is moft in Exercife; And
then you mouft apply it to thar Partiof Man, wherein chat Vertue chiefly
Conjifteth. As if you would Super-induce Comrage and Fortithde, takea
‘Lion, or a Cocke, And take the Heart, Tooth, or Paw of the Liow ; Or the
Heart, ot Spurre of the Cocke: Take thofe Parts immediatly after che
Lion, or the Cocke haue beene in Fight; Andilet them be worne, vpon a
| Mans Heart, or Wre/t. Of thefeand fuch like Sympathies, we thall fpeake
| vader this pre{<nr Title. nae
The Bighth and laft is, an Emsifftow of Immateriate Vertaes ; Such as
we area little doubrfill to Propound; It is fo prodigious: But that it
is fo conftantly atiouched by many: Andwee haue fer itdowne, as a
Law toour Selues, to examine thifigs to the Borrome ; And nor ro re-
ceiue vpon Credit, or reiet vpon Improbabilies\vnrill there hath paf-
is a duc Exemination. This is, che Sympathy of Indinidwals: For as
X2

there

$97

'gO8

1909

910

911

238

Experiments

in Confort

touching Emif-

fion of Spwits

in Vaporr,or ~

Exhalation, O-
giz

913

914

915

916

Natural Hiflory:

there is a Symspathy of Species; So (it may be) therc is a Sympathy of Indi-
widwals : That is, that in Things, or the Parts of Things, that haue beenc
once Contigwous,or Entire,there fhould remaine a Tran{mifiion of Vertae,
from the One tothe Other: As betweene the Weapon and the Wound.
Whereupon is blazed abroad the Operation of Fnguentum Teli: And fo
ofa Peece of Lard, or Sticke of Elder, 8c, that if Part of itbe Confumed
or Putrified, it will worke vpon the other Part Senered. Now wee will
purfure the Ja/tances themf{clues,

Sgt Plague is many times taken, without Manife/? Senfé, as hath bin
faid, And they report, that where it is found, it hath a Sent,ofthe
Smell of a Mellow Apple ; And (asfome fay) of May-Flewers: And itis
alfo received, that Smels of Flowers, that are Mellow and Lufhious, are ill
for the Plague ; As White Lillies, Cow/lips, and Hyacinths,

The Plague is not eafily receiued by fuch, as continually are about
them, that haue the Plague; As Keepers of the Sicke,and Phyfitians; Nor

| againe by fuch as take Ansidgtes, cither Inward, (as Mithridate ; Zwniper-

Berries; Rue, Leafe and Seed ; &c.) Or outward, (as Angelica, Zedoary,
and the like,in the Mouth; Terre, Galbanum, and the like, in Perfumes)
Nor againe by O/d People, and fuchas are ofa Dry and Cold Complexion,
On the other fide, the Plagwe taketh fooneft hold of thofe, that come
eut ofaFrefh Aire; And of thofe that are Fa/fing; And of Children; And

| it is likewife noted to goe in a Blowd, more than to a Stranger.

The moftPernicious Jnfeétiow, next the Plague, is the Smell of the

‘Jayles When Prifeners haue beene Long, and Clofe, and Naftily kept;

Whereof we haue had, in our time, Experience,twice ot thrice; when
both the /wages that fate vpon the /ayle, and Numbers of thofe that at-
tended the Bufineffe, or were prefent, Sickned vpon it,and Died. There-

| fore it were good wifdome,that in fuch Cafes, the Jayle were Aired,be-

fore they be brought forth,
Out of queftion, if fuch Fowle Smels bee made by Art, and by the
Hand, they confift chiefly of Mams Fle(b, or Sweat, Patrified; For they

| arenot thofe Stinkes, which the Neffrils freight abhorre, and expel,
| thatare moft Persiciowe ; Bat fuch Aires, as hauc fome Similitude with
| Mans Bodys And foinfinuate themfelues, and betray the Spsrsts, There

may be great danger, in vfing fuch Compofitions,in great Meetings of
People, within Houfes; As in Churches; At Arraiguments; At Playes and
Solemnities; And the like ; For Peifoning of Aire isno leffe dangerous
than Posfoming of Water; Which hath beene vfed by the Tarkes in the
Warres ; And was vfed by Emanuel Commenus towards the Chriffiams,
when they paffed thorow his Cosmérey co the Holy Land, And thefe Ens-
poifonments of Aire, arethe more dangerous in Meetings of Pesple; Be-
caufe the much Breath of Pesple, doth further the Reception of the Infe-
étion: And therefore, where any fuch Thing is feared, it were good, |
thofle Publique Places were perfumed, before the A/emblies,

The Empoy/anment of Particular Perfows, by Odewrs, hath beenc re-

ported) ,

0 Century. XS

| ported co bein Perfiened Gloues, ot the like : And it is likesthey Mibgle

the Poifowthat isdeadly, with {ome Smels that are Sweet, which alfo
maketh it che fooner recciued. Plagues alfo haue been raifed by 4noin-
tings of the Chinkes of Doores, and'the like ; Not {o miich by the Touch,

as tor chanivis common for Mes;when they finde any thing Wet vpon
their Fingers,to put them to their Nofe ; Which Men therefore fhould

‘| cakeheed itow they doe, The beftis,that thefe Compofitions of Infectious
| Mires, cannot be made without Danger « of Death; to them that make
|ahem, Bur'thenagaine, they may hate fome Antidotes to fue’ theni-
(felues; Sothat Memought not to be fecureofir.

There have beene sindiuers Countries, otcat Plagues, by che Putrefa-

ion, of great Swarmes of Graffe-Moppers, and Locu/fs, when they haute
| beene dead, and caft vpen Heaps,

Iehapneth oft in vines, thar there are Damps,'which kill, either i

| Suffocation, or by the Peifonous Natmre of thc Minerall: And thofe that

deale much in Refining, orother Workes about Aetalls, and Aineralls,

| haue their Bratmes Hurt and Stupefied by the Aetalline Vapors. Amonett
‘|wwhich, ic is noted,that the Spirits of Quick-Silaer either fly to the Skall,

Teeth, or Bones; In fo much as Gilders vfe to haule a Peece of Gold in
their Aloxth, to ’ draw the Spiritsof the Quick-Siluer ; Which Gold af-

| werwards they finde tobe Whitened, ‘There aréalfo certaine Lakes,and
| pits, fuchas that of Auernus, that Poifon Birds (asis faid) wate fly ouer

them ; Or Mea, that ftay too long about them,’

The Vapour of Char-coale, or SeasCoale, in a Clofe Rodale! hath kil
led many: And itis the more dangerous, becanfe it comnieth without
any 14 Smell ; But ftealecth on by little and little; Enducing only a Paint-
neffe, without any Manife/t Strangling. VWhen the Dutch Men ‘Wintred

at Nowa Zembla, and that they could gathetno more Sticks; they fell to,

make Fire of fome Sea-Cole they:had, wherewith (at firft)’ they were
much refrethed; Buta little after they ‘had fitabout the Fire,therc grew
a Generali Bilence, and lethneffe to fpeake amongft them And im-
mediatly after, One of the Weakeft of the Company, fell downe in a
Swone ; Wiereupon they doubting whatit was, opened their doore,
to let in 4ire,and fo faued themfeélues.The Effet ( no doubt)is wrought
bythe Injpifjation of the Aire; And fo of the Breath and Spirits. The like
enfacth in Roomes newly Plaftered, ifa Fire be made in them’; Whereof
| no leffe M442 than the Emperour Jonsntana Died,
Videthe Experiment, 803. touching the Infectious Nature of the Aire,
| vponithe firlt S bowers, ofter a lone Drought.
| Ithath come to pafie, that fome sbparbediries vpon Stamping of Ce
loquintida;hauc beene put into.a great Skosring, by the Vapour only,
Irhath beene a Praice ro burne'a Pepper, they call Ginny- Pepper ;
| Which hath fuch a ftrong Spirit;"thar it prodioketh a Continual Snee-
zinz,in thofe that are in the Roome: ¥
Ic is an Ancient Tradition, that’ Bleare-Eyes infect SoundByes And
thatia Men/iruous Womas, looking vpon a Glaffe, doth rnftit. Nay they

[gt IS IHS calaeen haue

24.0 ie Naturall Hiflory :

have an Opinion, which {eemeth Fabulous; That Menfiruous Women, g0-
ing ouera Field, or Garden, doc Corne and Herbs good by Killing the

Wormes.,

924 The Tradition is no lefle Ancient, that the Bajiliske killeth by -
[ped 5 And thatthe Wolfe, ifhe {ec a Man firft, by Apect ftriketh a Mam
hoarfe,

925 Perfumes Conuenient doe dry and ftrengthen the Braine; And fay

Rheumes and Defluxions ; Aswe finde in Fume of Rofe-Mary dryed, and
Liguwm Alsés,and Calamus, taken at the Mouth, and Nefthrils; Andno
doubr there be other Perfames,that doe moiften and refreth ; And are
fitto be vfed in Burning Agues, Con{wmptions, and too much Wakeful-
seffe ; Such as are, Rofe-Water, Vinegar, Limon-Pils, Violets, the Leawes of
Vines {puinckled with alittle Rofe-Water, &c, / a

926 They doevife in Suddew Faintings, and Sweusings, to puta Hasdker-
chiefe with Rofe Water, ora Little Vinegar, to the 2ofe ; Which gathe-
reth together againe the Spirits, which are vpon point torefolue, and
fall away.

927 Tobacco comforteth the Spirits, and.difchargeth Wearinefe ; Which
it worketh partly by Openiag ; Bur chicfly by the Opiate Vertue, which
condenfeth the Spirits, It were good therefore to try the Taking of
Fumesby Pipes, (as they doe in Tobacce,) of other Things; As well to
dry and comfort, as for other Jptentions. I with Triall be made of the
Drying Fame, of Refé-Mary,and Ligaum Alsés before mentioned, in Pipes
And fo of Nutmeg, and Folium Indum ; 8c.

928 The Following of the Plough, hath beeneapproued, for Re/re/bing the
Spirits, and Procuring Appetite : But to doe itin the Ploughing for Wheat,
ot Rie, isnot fo good ; Becaufethe Earth hath fpent her Sweet Breath,
in Vegetables, put forth in Sussmer. Ic is better therefore to doe it, when
you fow Barley, But becaule Ploughing is tied to Sea/ans, it is beft to
take the Aére of the Earth, new turned vp,by Digging with the Spade; Or
Standing by him that Diggeth, Gentlewormes may doc themfelues much
good by knecling vpon.a Cufhion, and Weeding, And thee Things you
may practife in the beft Sea/oms , Which is cuer the Early Spring, before
the Earth puttcth forth the Vegetables; And in the Sweeteff Earth you
can chufe, Icwould be done alfo,when the Dew is a little off the Grewnd,
left the Vapour be too Moift. I knew a great Mas, that lived Long, who
had a Cleane Clod of Earth, broughttohim eucry Morwing, ashe fate in
his Bed; And he would hold his Head ouer it, a good pretty while, I
Commend alfo, fometimes, in Digging of New Earth, to powre in fome
Malmefey, or Greeke Wine ; That the Vapewr of the Earth, and Wine tege-
ther, may comfort the Spirits, the more ; Prouided alwaies, it be not ta
ken, for a Heathen Sacrifice, or Libation to the Earth.

929 They haue, in Phyficke, Vie of Pomanders, and Knots of Powders, for |
Drying of Rhewmes, Comforting of the Heart, Prowoking of Sleepe, 8c. For |
though thofe Things be not fo Strong as Perfumes, yct you may haue
them continually in your Hand, whereas Perfumes you can take but at

Times ; H

~ (century. =X.

Times ; Aud befides, there be divers Things, that breath better of them-
felues, than when they come to the Fire; As Nigella Romana; the Seed of
Melanthium, Amomum, Sc. F , wi

There betwo Things ,which(inwardly vfed)do@Coole and condenfe
the Spirits; And I with the fame to be tried outwardly in Yapours. The
One is Nitre,which I would hauediffolued in Malme/ey, or Greeke-Wine,
and fo the Smell of the Wine taken; Or if you would haue it more fore!
ble, poure of it vpon a Fire-pan, well heated,as they doe Rofe-Water,anid
Vinegar, The other is, the Di/filled Water of Wilde Peppy; which! with
to be mingled, ar halfe, with Rofe-Water, and foraken with fome Mix-
ture ofa few Clowes, in a Perfuming-Pan. The like would be done with
the Difislled Water of Saffron Flowers. Tad porn

Smells of Muske, and Amber, and Ciait, are thought to further vene-
reous Appetite : Which they may doe by the Refre(bing and: Calling forth
ofthe Spirits.

Incenfe,and Nidorous Smells, (fuch as were of Sacrifices, were thought
to Intoxicarethe Braine, and todifpofe Memto Deuotion Which they
may doc, by a kinde of Sadne(/e, and Comtriffation of the Spirits: And
partlyalfoby Heating, and Exaltingthem. Wefee, that amongft the
Jewes, thé Principall Perfume of the Sanfuary, was forbidden all Common

;

939

Solon
There be fome Perfumes, preferibed by. the Writers of Natwrall Ma
gicke, which procure Pleafant Dreames; And fome others} (as they
fay,) that procure Propheticall Dreames; As the Seeds of Flax, Flea-
wort, &c. “ + * 5
"Iciscertaine, that Odowrs doc, ina {mall Degree, Nourith’; Efpecial-
ly the Odowr of Wine: And we fee Mew a hungred,doelonete finell Hot
Bread. Itis related, that Democritus, when he lay a dying, heard a We
man, in the Houfe, complaine, that fhe fhouldbe kept from being at a
| Feaft, and Solemnity, ( which thee much defired to fee, ) becaufe there
would bea Corps inthe Houfe,; Whereupon he caufed Lowes of New
Bread to be fent for, and opened them 3 And powreda little Wéme into
them ; And fo kept himfelfe aline with the Odowr of them, till the Fea
was paft, I knew a Gewtlemsan, that would faft ({ometimes) three of
foure, yea fiue dayes, without Mest,Bread, or Drinke; But the fame Map
vied to hauecontinually,a great Wipe of Herbes, that he{melled on;
and amoneft thofe Herbes, foe E/culent Herbes of ftrong Sem; As Oni-
ons, Garlicke, Leekes,andthelike, =
They doe vfe,for the Accident of the Mather, to burne Feathérs,and o- 935
ther Things of 1 Odour: And by thofe 1) Smells, the Rifing of the Me-
ther is putdowne, $
There be Aires, which the Phyfitians aduife their Patiewts to remoue 936
vnto,in Con/weptions or vpon Recowery of Long Sickne(fes: Which (come
monly) are Platne C hampaiones,but Grafing, and not Quer-growne with
Heath, or the like : Or elfe Timber-Shades,as in Forrefs,and the like, It is
noted alfo, that Growes of Bayes doc forbid Peftilent Aires; VWhich was
acceunted

933

934

N aturall History:

accounted.a great Cawfe of the Wholefome direof Antiochia, Therebe
alfo fome'Soyles that putforth Odorate Herbes of themfelues ; As Wildes,
Thyme ; Wilde Matoram: Penny-Roiall ; Camomill;And in whichthe Briar-
Rofes {nell almoft like Muske- Rofes, VWhich (no doubt) are Signesthat
doe difeoucran Excellemt Aire, > Tif WRB
937 aeItwere good for Men, to thinke of hauing Healthful. aire, in their
Houfes; VV hich will neuer be, ifthe Roomes be Low-roofed,or full’ot Win-
dowes, and Doores; For the one maketh the Aire Clofe, and not Fre/h 5)
And the other maketh it Exceeding Vnequall ; Which is a great Enemy,
co Health, The Windowes alfo fhould not be high vp to the Roofe,which,
is in vfefor Beauty, and Magnificence,) but Low. Allo Stone-Walls are
not wholefome ; But Timber is more wholefome; And efpecially Brick.
Nay. ithath beene vfed by fome, with great Succefle, to makexheir |
Walls thicke ; Andto puta Lay of Chalke betweene che Brickes,to take

away all Dampifhnefeo.

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the E-
miffiens of Spi
rituall Species
which Affect
the Senfes.

948

Hefe Emiffions, (as we {aid befote;) are handled,and ought to be

handled, by themfelues, vnder their Proper Titles : Thatis, Vifibles, |
and Awadibles, each a-part: In this Place, it fhallfuffice to giue fome ge-
nerall O6/erwations, Common to both, Firft, they {feemeto be Jacorpe-
reall, Secondly, they Worke Swiftly. Thirdly, they Worke at Large»
Diftances; Fourthly, in Carious Varieties, Fifthly, they arenot Effectine
of any Thing; Nor leaue'no Worke behindethem;But are Energies mecre-
ys) For their Working vpon Mirrowrs; atid Places of Ecche,deth not alter
any Thing in thofe Bodies ; But it is the fame Adtien with the Osiginal,
only Repercuffed. And as for the Shaking of Windowes, or Rarefying the
\ Aire by Great Noyes; And the Heat caufed by Barning-Glaffes ; Theyare
rather Concomitants of the Audible,and vifible Species, than the Effects of
them, Sixthly, theyfeerne to be of fo Temder, and Weake a Nature, as.| a
they affect only {uch aRare, and Attenuate Subjfamee, as is the Spirit of, tt, 3
Lining Creatures.

7 Ry Tis mentioned infome Stories, that where Children haue beene Ex-
onioit,

couchingthe | Mpe/edj or taken away young from their Paremts; And that afterwards
Emifion of Im- | they hau¢\approached to theit Parents prefence, the Parents, (though |

0 Rater”. \ they havenot knowne them,) hae had a Secret Joy, or Other Alteration |
| minds, and | thereypony,

| Spivits of Men, s Tr 4 ;
\ erage There was an egyptian Sonth-Sayer, that made _Amthenius belecuc,

|| ins, ovby _ \that Ihis-Gemiwe, (which otherwifewas Brave, and Confident,) was, in |}

|| Imaginationsor the Prefence of OfanianusCafar, Poore, and Cowardly : And therefore,
‘| vines. im 'hee aduifed him, to abfenthimfelfe, (as muchas hee could, ) andre- ,
| Bag |moue farre from him. This Sowth-Sayer was thought to be fuborned

1 40 by Cleepatra, to make him line ineZgypr, and otherRemote Places from |
9
|

Rome. Howfoeuerthe Conceit of a Predominant or Mastering Spirit, ‘
of one Ma ouer Another, is Ancient, and Receiucd ftill, eucmin Fel- ;
gan Opinion. ’ :
1 There ,o

ge ene

(Century, X.

There are Conceits, that fome Men, thatate ofan 7, and Melancholy
Nature, doc incline the Company, into which they come, to be Sad, and
Zl dipoféed ; And contrariwife, that Others, that are of a Joaiall Nature,
doe difpofe the Company tobe Merry and Cheerefud, And againe, that
fome Men are Luckie to be kept Company with and Employed; And Others

fome Light Efflaxions trom Spirit to Spirit, when Menare in Prefence,
one with another, as wellas ftom Body to Body, At

It hath beene obferucd, that O/d Men, who haucloued Young Compa-
ay, and beene Conuerfant continually with them, haue beene of Long
Life; Their Spirits, (asit feemeth,) being Recreated by {uch Company,
Such were the Ancient Sophi/ts,and Rbetoricéans ; Which ever had iy oung
Anditonrs, and Difciples ; As Gorgias, Protagor as, Ifocrates, &c. Who lt-
ued till they were an Hundred yeares Old, And fo likewife did many of
the Grammarians, and Schoole-Maffers ; {uch as was Orbilius, &c.

Andacitie and Confidence doth, in Ciuill Bufinefle, fo great Ef-
fects, asa Man may (reafonably ) doubr, that befides the very Da
ving, and Earnefineffe,and Perfifting and Importanitie, there fhould be
fome Secret Binding, and Stooping of other Mens Spirits, to fuch
Perfons.

The Affections(no doubt) doe make the Spirits more Powerfull, and
Aéfine ; And e{pecially thofe affections, which draw the Spirits into the
Eyes: VWhich are two : Lowe,and Enwy,which is called Ocw/us Malus, As
for Lowe, the Platoni/?s, (fome of them,) goe fo farre, as to hold that the
Spirit of the Louver, doth paffe into the Spirits, of the Perfo Lowed;
Which eaufeth the defire ofReturne into the Body,whence it was Emit-
ted: Whereupon followeth that Appetite of Contact, and Coniunction,
which is in Zowers. And this is obferued likewife, that the ec? that
procure Lone, are not Gaszings, but Sadden Glances,and Dartings of the
Eye, As for Enuy, that emitteth fome Maligne and Poifoneus Spirit,
which taketh hold of the Spirit of Another ; And is likewife of greareft
Force, when the caf of the Eye is Ob/ique. It hath beene noted alfo,that
it is moft Dangerous, when an Eswious Eye is caft vpon Perfons in Glory,
and Triwmph,and Joy. The Reafos whereof is, for that, at fuch times, the
Spirits come forth moft, into the Ostward Parts, and fo meet the Perem/-
fiow of the Enuteus Eye, more at Hand : And therefore it hath beene no-
ted, that after great Triwmpbs, Men hauc beene ill difpofed, for fome
Dayes following. Wee fee the Opinion of Fsfcinatiowis Ancient, for
both Efeds; Of Procuring Lowe; And Séckneffe caufed by Essy: And
F4/cination is cuer by the Eye. But yet if there beany fuch Infection from
Spirit to Spirit, thereisno doubt, but that it worketh by Prefemce, and
not by the Eye alone; Yet moft forcibly by the Eyes;

Feare, and Shame, atc likewife Infecfise; for wee fee that the Star-
-\ ting of one will make another readie to Start: And when one Man
is out of Coustenance in a Company, others doc likewife Blu/b in his be-

halfe.
Now

Valuckie. Certainly, itis agreeable to Rea/ow,that there ate,at the leaft, |

941

942

944

945

244. || DN aturall. History:

Now we willfpeakeof the Force of Imagination vpon o-
ther Bodies; Atnd of the'Meanes to'Exalt aud Strengthen it.
Imagination, in this Place, I vnderftand tobe, the Reprefenta-
tion of an Indiuiduall Thought. Imaginatien is of three Kinds:
The Firkt Joyned with Beleefe of that which is to Come: The
Second Ioyned with Memory of that which is Past: And the
Third is of Things Prefent, or as if they were Prefent ; For 1
comprehend in this, Imaginations F aigned, and at Pleafures;
Asif one fhould Imagine{uch a Maa to bein the Veffmentsot
a Pope; Or to haucWings. I fingle out, for this time, thar
which is with Faith, ot Beleefe of that which isto Come, The
Inquifition of this Subieé, in our way, (whichis by Inducti-
o,) is wonderfull hard; forthe Things that arereported, are

\fallof Fables; And New Experiments can hardly be made,but
with Extreme Caution, for the Reafon which we will hereaf-
leer declare. — ;
sa. | <The Power-of Imagination is in three Kindes ; The Firft, vp-
ut jon theBody of the Imaginant; Including likewife the (bilde,
in the Mothers Wombe ; The Second is, the Power of it vpon
Dead Bodies, as Plants,W ood, Stone, Metall, &c. The Third is,
|the Power of it, vpon the Spirits of Mem and Lining (reatures:
Aid with this laft we will only meddle.

The Probleme thetefore is, whether a Man Conftantly and
Strongly Beleeuing,chat {uch a Thing fhall be;( As that {uch aa
One will Loue Him,Or that fach an One wil Grant bim his Re-
quest ; Or tbat fuch an One thall Recouer a Sickneffe; Or the
like; ) ledoth helpe any thing to the Effeéting of the Thing it

ifelfe, And here agate we mult warily diftinguifh; For it is
aot meant, (as hath beene partly faid before, ) that it fhould
helpe by Making a Man more Stout, or more Induftrious ; (Lu
which kinde a Con/fant Beleefe doth much; ) But meerely by
a Secret Operation, or Binding, or Changing the Spirit of Ano-
ther ; Andin this itis hard, (as we begamto fay,) to make any
New Experiment; For I canyot command my Selfeto Beleewe
what will, and fo no Trial’can be made. Nay itis worle;
For whatfocuer a Man Imagineth doubtingly, ot with Feare.,
mutt needs doe hurt, if Imagination haue any Power at all;
' For

ty

Century. X. | ong

For a Maz reprefenteth thatoftner, that he feareth, chan the
contrary. Nest 1

The Helpe thereforeis, fora Manto workeby Another, in
whom fe may Create Beleef2, and not by Fimfelfe; Vautill
Himjelfe bauc found by Experience, that Imagination doth
preuaile; Forchen Experience worketh in Him/elfe Belvefe;
If the Belzefe, that {uch a Thing hall be, be ioyned with a Be-
leefe, that his Imagination may. procure it.

For Example; Trelated one rime to a Maa, that was Curious, and
Vaine enough in thefe Things ; That 1 faw 4 Kinde of lugler, that hada
Paire of Cards, and would tella Man what Card he thonght, This Preten-
ded Learned Man told me; It wasa Miftaking in Me; For (faia hee ) it
was not the Knowledge of the Mans Thought, (for that s Proper to God,)
but it was the Loforcing of a Thought pos him, and Binding his Imagi-
nation by 4 Stronger, that be could Thinke no other Card. And thereup-
onhe asked mea Question, or tWo,which I thought he did but cunning-
ly, knowing before what vfed tobe the Feats of the Zugler. Sir,(faid he,)
doe you remember whether he told the Catd, the Man thought, Himt{clfe, or
bade Another to tell it. Tanfwered (as as true; ) That he bade Another
sellit, VWWhereunto he faid; S01 ass : For ([aidhe) Himfelfe could net
bawe put on fo ftronz an Tmagination ; But by telling the other the Card, (who
beleened that the lugler was fome Strange Man, and could doe Strange
Things;) that other Man caught a ftrong Imagination. I hatkened vnto |,
him, thinking fora Vanity hefpoke prettily, Then heasked me another
Que ftion : Saith he ; Dee pou remember; whether he bade the Man shinke the.
Card fir/, aud afterwards told the other Man in his Bare, what hee (bould
thinke, Or elfe that be dia whifper firft inthe Mans Eare,that fhowld tell theo |
Card, tebing that (uch a Man fhould thipke fuch a Catd,and after bade shes)
(Man thinkes Card? Lrold him, as was true; that he did fir t whifper theo
(Maninshe Bare, that fuch a Man fhould thinke [uch a Card: Vpon this the }
Learsed Man did much Exult, and Pleafe himfelfe, fayine 5 Loe, you may
fee that my Opinion wright: Fur if theMav had thought firft, his Thought
bad beene Fixed ; But the other Unagining firf,bound bes Thought,Which
though icdid fomewhat fioke with mée, yer I made ir Lighter than I
thovght, and {aid 1 thodzht 2t was Confederacic, besweene the Lugler,
and the to Setuanis ! Though (deed) Thad'no Reafon fo ta thinke :
For they were both my Faehers Seruants ; And he had neuer plaid in the
Houfebefore. The Jugler ailo did caufe a Garter to beheld vp; And
tooke vpon him, td know, thar fiich a One, (hou'd point in fucha Place,
of the Garter; As it (hould be neare fo matly /aghes to the Longer End,
and fo many tothe Shorter; And ftilthe did it, by Fér/? Telling the Imsa-
giner, and after Biddimg the Ador Thinkeo,

_ Hauingsold this Redution, not for the Weight thereof, but

946

becaufe

———
ea

a

947

Se eS ee

No aturall Eitstory:

becaufe it doth handfomely open the Nature of the Queftion ;
I returne to that Ifaid ; That Experiments of Imagination, mult
be practifed by Ochers, and not by a Mans Selfe. For rhere be
| Three Meanes to fortifie Beleefz : The Firftis E xperience : The
| Second is Reafon: And the Third is Autboritie : And that of
thefe, which is farreche moft Potent,1s Authoritie : For Beleefe
vpon Reajon, or Expertence, will Stagger.

For Aashoritie, it is oftwo Rindes ; Belecfe in an Art ; And Beleefe in
a Man. And for Things of Beleefe in an Art; A Man may excrcife them
by Him/elfe ; But for Beleefe ina Man, it muft be by Amother. Therefore,
if a Man belecue in A/frolegie, and finde a Figwre Profperous; Or be-
leeue in Naturall Magicke,and that a Ring with fuch a Stone, or {uch a
Peece of a Lining Creature, Carried, will doe goods It may helpe his
Imagination : But the Beleefe in a Manis farre the more Actiwe, But how-
foctier, all Aushoritie mult be out of a Mans Selfe, turned (as was faid,)
either vpon an Art, orvpona Man: Andwhere Awthoritie is from one
dan to another, there the Second mull be Jgnorant, and not Learmed, or
Full of Thoughts ; And fuchare(for the moft part) all Wétches,and Super-
ftitious Perfons ; Whole Beleefes, tied to their Teachers, and Traditions,are |
no whit controlled, either by a i or Experience: And vpon the fame,
Reafon, in Atagicke, they vfe (for the moft part,) Beyes, and Towng People; |
whofe Spirits caliliclt take Beleefe, and Imagination, vic
_ Nowro fortifie Imagination, there be three Wayes:. The |
Autboritie whence the Belecfeis deriued ; Meanes to Quicken'|
and Corroborate the Imagination sAnid Meanes to Repeatit,and |
Refrefoit, seit : aay
For the Awthoritie, wechauealready fpoken; As for the Second $) |
Namely the Meases to Onicken, and Corroborate the Imagination; We flee)
what hath beene vfed in Adagick; (If there be in thofe Practifes any thing.)
that is purely Natwrall;) As Vefments , Characters ; Words; Seales;Some }
Parts of Plants, ox Lining Creatures; Stones ; Chaice ofthe Howre; Geflures
and Motions ; Alfo Incenfes, and Odonrs ; Choice of Society, which increas
feth lmsapination; Diets and Preparations for fome time before, And for |
Words, there haue beene euer vied, either Barbarous Words, of no Sen{c,,
left they fhould difturbe the Jemagination ; Or Words of Similitude, that |
may fecond and feed the Jwsagimation : And this was cucr as well in Hea-
thes Charmes, as in Charmes of latter Times, There are vfed alfo Script,
Words; For that the Belecfe,that Religious Texts,and Words, hauc Power,
may ftrengthen the Jmsagimation, And for the fame Reafon, Hebr.
Words, (which amongft vs is counted the Holy Tongue, andthe Words
more Myfficall,) are often vfed, _, | He
For the Refrefhing of the Jmsagination, (which was the Third Meanes
of Exalting it;) Wee fec the Practices of Mapicke, as inYmages 0 —
an

'

(entur). xu

and the like, that fhould Melt by little,and little ; Or fome other Things
| Buried in Mucke, toat thould Putrifie by little and little; Or the lke:
For {0 oft as the /emaginant doth thinke of thofe Things, fo oft dotkhe
reprefent to his Jasagination, the Effect ofthathedefireth.

If there be any Power in imagination, it is lef{e credible, that it fhould
be fo Incorporeall and Jmmsateriate a Vertue,as to worke at gteat Di/fances;
Or through all Mediums ; Or vponall Bodies : But that the Difance mutt
be Competent; The Mediam not Aduerfe ; And the Bedy Aptand Pro-
portionate, Therefore if there be any Operation vpon Bodies, in Ab-
fence,by Nature; it is like to be conneyed from Manto Man,as Fame is;
Asifa Witch by Imagination, thould hurt any afarre off, it cannot bee
naturally, but by Working vpon the Spsrit offome, that commethro
the Witch; And from that Party vpon the /magivation of Another; And
fo vpon Another ; till it come to onethat hath refort to the Party Inten-
ded; And fo by Him to the Party intended himfelfe, And although they
{peake, that it {ufliceth, to take a Point, ora Peece of the Garment, or the
Name of the Party, or thelike; yer there is leffe Credit to bee giuen to
thofe Things, except it be by Working of cuill Spirits.

The Experiments, which may certainly demonftrate the
Power ot 'Iisagination, vpon other Bodics;are few, or none:
For the Experiments of Witchcraft, are no cleare Proofes,
For thatthey may be, by.a,Tacite Operation of Maligne Spi-
rits : We hall therefore be forced, in this Enquirie, to relort to
New Experiments : Wherein wecan giue only Direéions of
Trials, and notany Pojitime Experiments. And if any Man
thinke, that wee ought to hauc ftaied, till wee had made Ex-

periment, of fome of them, our felues,(as wee doe com-
monly in other Titles) the Truth is, thatthcle'E fects of Ima-
gination vpon other Bodies,hatie fo litle Credit with vs, as we
thal] try chem at leifure: Butin the meane Time, we will lead
others the way. i .

When you worke by the mapination of Anather, it is neceflary, that
He, by whom you worke, haue a Precedent Opinion of you, that you
can doe Strange Things ; Or that you are a Manof Art,as they call it;
For elfe the Simple 4ffirmsation to Another that this or that fhall bee,
©an worke but a weake Jesprefiton, in his Imagination.

It were good, becaufe you cannot difcerne fully of the Strength of
Imagination, in one Man more than another, that you did vie the Zmsags-
nation of more than One; That foyou may light vpon a Strong One. As
ifa Phyfitéan fhould sell Three, or Foure, of his Patients Seraants, that
their Maffer thall furcly recouer.

The Inssgination of One, that you fhall vfe, (fuch is the Variety of

Mens Mindes,) cannot be alwaies alike Comfant,and Strong ; And if the
¥ us Succetfe

247

ee

95°

951

95%

953

248 | Naturall Fiflory: }

Succefle follow not {peedily, it will faint and lecfe Stremoth, To remedy
this,you muft pretend to Him, whofe Jmsagination you vie, feucrall De-
grees of Meanes, by which to Operate; As to preferibe him, that cuery
three Daies, if he finde not the Succeffe Apparanr, he doc vie another
Root,or Part of a Beaft, or Ring,&c, As being of more Force, And ifthat

\faile, Another; And if that, Another; rill Seuen Times, Alio you mutt

prefcribea good Large Time for the Effec# you promife; As if you }

| thould cella Sersant of a Sick-man, that his Maffer (hall recouer, but it

| will be Fouifteene daies, ere hee findeth it apparantly, &c, All this to

' entertaine the Jmagination, that it waucr leffe,

954 It is certaine, that Potions, or Things taken into the Body: Incenfes and |
Perfumes taken at the Nofthrils; And Oistments of fomc Parts; doe
(naturally) worke vpon the /msagination of Him thattaketh them, And
therefore it inuft needs greatly Cooperate with the Imagination of him,
whom you vfe, ifyou prefcribe him, before he doe vie the Recest, for the
Worke which he defireth, that he doe take fuch a Péll, or a Spoonful of
Liquor, Or burne fuch an Incenfe; Or Anoint his Temples, or the Soles
ot his Feet, with fuch an Oittment, or Oyle : And you muft chufe, for the
Compofition of fuch Pill; Perfume, or Ointment, {uch Ingredients, as doe

| make the Spirsts, a little more Groffe, or Muddy: VWhereby the Jmaginae
' tow will fix the better,

The Body Pafiwe, and to be Wrought Ypem, (I meane not of the Jma-

ginant,) is better wrought vpon (as hatlybeene partly touched) at fome

Times, than at others: Asif you fhould prefcribe a Serwant, about a Sick

Perfow (whom you haue poffefled, that his Mfa/fer fhallrecouer) when

his Maféer is faft afleepe, to vfe fuch.a Root, or fucha Root. For Imagina-

tiomis like to worke better vpon Sleeping Men, than Men Awake. As we

(hail Chew when we handle Dreames, ' ;

Wee finde inthe Art of Memory, that Images Vifible, worke better
thaniother Conceits : As ifyou would remember the Word Philofephy,
you fhal! more {urely doe it, by Jmsagining that {uch a Man, (For Mes are
beft Places) isreading vpon Ariffetles Phyfickes; Than if you fhould
| Imagine him to fay ; le goe ffudy Philofephy, And therefore, this Ob/ér-
| gation would be tranflaced to the Subiec? wee now fpeake of : For the
| more Luftrous the Jmsagination is, ic filleth and fixeth the better, And

therefore lconceiue, that you thall, in that Experiment (whereof wee
{pake before) of Binding of Thoughts, lefie faile, it'you tell One,that fuch
| an One fhal name one of Trenty Men, than if it were Owe of Twenty Cards.
| The Experiment of Binding of Thoughts, would be Diuerfified, and tried
| to the Fall: And you are to note, whether it hit for the meft part,
| though not alwaies.

957 | Ir is good to confider, vpon what Things, Imagination hath moft

Force: And the Rule (as I conceive) is, that it hath moft Farce vpou

Things, that haue the Lighte/f, aud Eafief! Motions, And thereforeaboue

‘}a!l,vpon the Spirits of Mew: And in them, vpon fuch Affeéfions, as

mouc Lighteff; Asvpom Procuring of Lone; Binding of Luft, which is

cuer

~-—_—_———————

955

956

a

(Century. Xe.

cucrwith Jmagination; vpon Men in Beare; Or Men in irre(olution; And
the like. Whatfocueris of this kinde would be throughly enquired, 7ri=
alls ikewife would-be made vpon Plants, and that diligently : As ifyou
fheuld tell a fan, that {uch a Tree would Die this yeere; And will him,
at thefeéand thefe times, to goe vnto it, to fee how it thriueth. As for
Inanimate Things,itis truc that the Motions of S bufflzng of Cards,ot Cafing
of Dice; are very Light Motions ; Andthere is a Folly very vfuall, that
Gamefters imagine, that {omerhat ftand by them, bring them ill Lucke,
There would be Triall alfo made, of holding a Ring by aThreed ina
Glaffe,and telling him that holdeth ir,before, that it thall ftrike fo many.
times againft the Side of the Glafe, and no more 5 Or of Holding a Key
betweenetwo Mens Fingers, without a Charme; And to tell thofe-that
hold it, tharat fuch a Name, it {hall goe off their Fingers: For thefe two
are Extreme Light _7/otions, And how{ocuerI haue no Opinion of thefe |
things,yet fo much I conceiueto be true; That Strong Imagination hath
more Force vpon Things Lining; Or that haue beene Liwing, than Things
meerely Jnanimate: And more Force likewife vpon Light, and Swbtil
Motions, than vpon Mottons Vehement, ox Ponderous.

Iris an vfuall Ob/ermation, that if the Body of One Murthered, bee
brough tbefore the Aturtherer,the Woands will bleed a-frefh. Some doe
affirmeythat the Dead Body, vpon the Prefence of the Adurtherer, hath
opened the Ayes; And thar there haue beenefuch like Asotions, as well
where the Party Murthered bath beene Strangled, or Drowned, as where
they have beene Killed by Wounds, It may be, thar this patticipateth of
a Miracle, by Gods Iuft ludgement, who-vfually bringeth Atwrthers to
Light: But ifitbe Natarall, it muft be referred to Imagination.

The Tying of the Point vpon the day of Marriage, to make Mex Impo-|
tent towards their Wises, which (as we haue formerly touched,) is fo
frequent in Zant and Ga/cony, if it be Natwral, muft bee referred to the
Imagination of Him that Tieth the Point. I conceiue it to haue the leffe
Affinity with Witchcraft, becaufe not Peculiar Perfons enely, (fuch as
Witches are) but any Body may doc it.

Pe

958

959°

Here be many Things,that worke vpon the Spirits of Man,by Secret Experiments
Sympathy, and Antipathy : The Vertwes of Precious Stowes, worne, i pro
haue bin anciently and generally Receiued ; And curiouflyafligned to Seoreporncof
worke feverall Efecs. Sa much is true ; That Stones haue in them fine | Sympathy, and
Spirits; As appeareth by their Splendor: And therefore they may worke | 4*/?#7-
by Con/ent vpon the Spirits of ven, to Comfort, and Exhilarate them. 960
Thofethatare the bet, forthat Effec?; are the Diamond, the Emserald, the
Zacinth Orientall,and the Gold-Stene, which is the Yellow Topaze. As for
their particular Preprieties, there is no Credit to be giuento them, But
itis manifeftjehat Zight,aboueall things,excelleth in Comsforting the Spé-
rits of Men: And it is very probable, that Light Varied doth the fame Bf-
fe@, with more Nouelty. And this is one of the Cafés, why Pretiows

Stones comfort. And therefore it were good to naue Tinted Lambornes,
72 or

250

961

962

963

964

| XN aturall History:

or Tincted Skreenes, of Glaffe Coloured into Greene, Blew, Carnation,Crim-

| fon, Purple, 8cc. And to vi them with Candles in the Wight. So likewife |

ro haue Round Gla//es, not only of Gla//e Colowred thorow, but with Co-
fours laid betweene Cry/tals,with Handles to holdin ones Hand, Prifmes
arealfo Comfortable Things, They haue of Paris-Worke, Looking-Gla/-
/es, berdered with broad Borders of {mall Cry/tall,and great Counterfeit

hold; Efpecially in the Night, The Pictures of Indian Feathers, are like
wife Comfortable, and Pleafantto behold, So alfo Faire and Clecre
Pooles doe greatly comfort the Eyes and Spirits;E{pecially when the Sua
is not Glaring, but Ower-ca/? ; Or when the Moone fhineth,

. There be diuers Sorts of Bracelets fic to Comfort the Spirits; And they
be of Three Jatentions : Refrigerant, Corroborant ; and Aperient, For Re-

Pretious Stones, of all Colours,that are moft Glorious and Pleafant to be-

beene noted that Coral, if the Party that wearcth it be ill difpofed, will
wax Pale: Which I belceue to betrue, becaufe otherwife Diffemper of
Heat will make Corall lofe Colour.I Commend alfo Beads,or little Plates
of Lapis Lazuli; And Beads of Nitre, cither alone, or with fome Cordial
Mixture.

For Corroborasion and Confortation, take fuch Bodies ae are of Affrin-
gent Quality, without Manife/t Cold. 1 commend Bead- Amber 5 which is
full of Affriction, but yet is VacFuous, and not Cold; And is conceiued to
Impingnate thofe that weare fuch Beads: | commend alfo, Beads of Hartse

frigerant, Lwith them tobe of Pearle, or of Coral, as is vied: And ithath

‘Horne, and Iuory, which are of the like Nature; Alfo Orenge-Beads; Alfo |.

Beads of Lignum Aloés, Macerated fittt in Rofe-Water, and Dried,

For Opening, 1 Commend Beads, or Peeces ofthe Roots of Carduws Bg-
nedit us: Alfo of the Roots of Piony the Male; And of Orris;And ofCals-
mus Aromaticus, And of Rew.

The Crampe, (10 doubt,) commeth of Comtraétion of Sinnewes
Which is Manifeft,in chat it commeth cither by Cold or Drineffe; As af-
ter Con/umptions, and Leng Agues: For Coldand Drineffe doe (both of
them) Contrad?, and Corrugate. We {ec alfo, that Chafing a little aboue
the Place in paine,eafeth the Crampe;VV hich is wrought by the Dilatati-
on, of the Contracted Sinnewes, by Heat, There are in vie for the Preuen-

tion of the Cramp,two Things; The one Rings of Sea-Hor/e-Teeth,worne
|vpon the Fingers; The other Bands of Greene Periwinkle (the Herbe) tied
about the Calfe of the Zeg, or the Thigh, Sc, where the Crampe vfeth to
come, I doe finde this the more ftrange, becaufe Neither of thefe hauc
any Relaxing Vertwe,but rather the Contrary. I iudge therfore,that their
Working is, rathervpon the Spirits, within the Nerwes, to make them
iftriue leffe; Than vpon the Bodily Sub/tance of the Nerwes.
| LIwouldhaue Trial! made of ewo other Kindes ot Bracelets,for Comfor-
ting the Heart, and Spirits; The onc of the Trechifch of Vipers, made into
little Peeces of Beads; For fince they do great Good Inwards(efpecially
for Peftilent Agwes) it is like they will be Effectuall Outwards ; Where
they may be applicd in greater Quantity, There wold be Tro¢hifh likewife

made
_

——_ +_—-

Century. X. 251
made of Snakes; Whole Fle(h dried, is thought to haue a very Opening,
and Cordial Vertue. The other is, of Beads made of the Scarlet Powder,

| which they call Kermes ; Which is the Principal /ngredient in their Cor-

| diall Confection Alkermes: The Beads would be made vp with Amber-
| Grice, aud fome Pomander.

| Ithath beenclong receiued, and confirmed by diuers Tréalls; That, 966

| the Root of the Atale-Piony, dried tied to the Necke, doth helpe the Fal-
ling-Sickne(je,; And likewile the incubus, which wee call the Mare, The
Canfe ot both thefe Difeafes, and efpecially of the Epilepfie from the Sto-
mach, is the Groffene/fe ot the Vapours, which rife and enter into the Cells

| of the Braine : And therefore the Working is, by Extreme,and Subtill At-

-tenwation ; Which that Simple hath. I dge the like to be in Cafforewm.,

Muske, Rew-Seed, / gnus Caftus Seed, 8:4,

| Thereis a Stose, which they call the Blowd-Stome, which worne is 967

| thought to be good forthem that Bleed at the Nofe: Which(no doubt)

| is by 4ffridion and Cooling of the Spirits. Quware, if the Stone taken out
of the Toads Head, be not of the hke Vertue ? For the oad loucth Shade,
and Cooleneffe,

Light may bec taken from the Experiment of the Hor/e-Tooth-Ring, | 968
and the Garland of Periwinckle, how that thofe things, which aflwage
the Strife of the Spzrits, doc helpe difeafes, contrary to the Jntestion de-
fired : For in the Caring of the Cramspe, the Intention is to relax the Stn-
newes ; But the Coatraction of the Spirits,that they ftriue leffe; is the beft
Helpe: Soto procure eafie Tranailes of Women,the Intenfion is to bring
downe the Childe ; But the beft Helpe is, to ftay the Comming downe too
Faf? : Whereunto they fay, the Toad-Stone likewife helpeth, So in Pe-
fiilent Fewers, the Iatention is to expell the Infection by Sweat, and Ewa-
pouration; But the beft Meages to doit, is by Nétre, Diafcoraium, and o-
ther Coole Things, which doe fora time arreft the Expalfion, till Natare>
can doe it more quigtly, Foras one faith prettily; Zs the Quenching of

the Flame of a Peftilent Ague, Nature is like People, that come to quench thes

| Fire of a Houfes which are fo bufie, as one of thems letteth another. Surely, it

| isan Exccllent Axiome, and of Manifold V(e, that whatfoeuer appea- |

' ferh the Contention of tie Spirits, furthereth their Action,

The Writers of Natural Magicke, commend the Wearing ofthe Spoile| 96m
of a Snake, for Preferuing of Health, I doubt it is but a Comce#t ; For that
the Snake is thought to renuc her Youth, by Cafting her Speile, They

| might as well take the Beake of an Eagle,or a Pcece of a Harts-Horne,be-

| caufe thofe Renue, |

It hath beene Anciently Recefwed, (For Pericles the Athentan vied it,) 970

and itis yet invfe,to weare little Bladders of Qurck-Silwer, or T. ‘ablets of

| Arfinicke, as Preferwatines agairft the Plague : Notas they conceiue,for
any Comfort they yeeld to the Spirits, but for that being Poéfows them-
felues, they draw the Venome to them, from the Spirits.

Vide the Experiments 95.96. and 97. touching the Sewerall Sympa-| 971
thies,and Antipathies, for Medicinal Vfe.

=. t2 ac: 4 ae

973

974

975

976

977

978

979

_ —~—~- -——

Naturall Aiftors.

Iris faid, that the Gats or Skin of aWolfe being applied co the Belly,
doe curethe Cholicke, [tis tiue, that the Wolfe is a Bea/t of great Eda- |
city, and Di/geftion, And fo, it may bee, the Parts of him comfort tne |
Bowels, )

We fee Scare-Crowes, are fet vp to keepe Birds from Corne,and Frait;

It is reported by fome, that the Head ofaWoife, whole, dried, and han- |

ged vpin a Dowe-Houfe, will {care away Vermine, Suchas are Weafils,Pol-

cats, and the like, It may be, the Head of a Dog will doe as much ; For |

thofe Vermine with vs, know Dogs better than Wolues,

The Braines of fome Creatures (when theit Heads are roafted) taken |
in Wine, are faid to ftrengthen the Memory: As the Braines of Hares;

Braines of Hens ; Braines of Deeres, &c. And it fecmeth, to bee incident
to the Braines of thofe Creatures, that are Fearefull,

The Ointment that Waches vie, is reported to be made, of the Fas of
Children, digged out of theit Grawes; Of the Juyces of Smallage, Wolfe-
bane, and Cingucfoile; Mingled with the Meale of fine Wheat, But I fup-
pole thatthe Soporiferous Medicines are |ikeft todoc it; Which are Hen-
bane, Hemlocke, Mandrake, Moone-Shade, Tobacco, Opium, Saffrom, Poplar-
Leaues, &C.

Itis reported by fome, that the ffections of Beaffs, when they are
in Streagth, doe adde fome Vertue, vito Imasimate Things; As that the
Skin of a Sheepe, deuoured by a Wolfe,moueth dtching ; That a Stone bit-
ten by a Dog in Anger, being throwne at him, drunke in Powder, pro-’
uoketh Choler,

It hath beene obferued, that the Déet of Women with Childe, doth
worke much vpon the /mfamts As ifthe Mother cat Quinces much, and
Cortander-Seed (the Nature ofboth whichis to repreffe and ftay Vapours,
that afcend tothe Brasme) it will make the Childe Ingenious: And on
the contrary fide, ifthe Mother cat (much) Onions, or Beanes,ox fuch Va-
powrous Food; Or drinke Wine,or Strong Drinke,immoderately ; Or Fa/t
wnuch; Or be giuen tomuch Mafing; (All which fend, or draw Vapoars
to the Head,) It endangereth the Childe to become Lwnaticke, or of Im-
perfect Memory: And] make the fame ludgement of Tobacco, often taken
by the Afother,

The Writers of Naturall Magicke report,that the Heart of an Ape, worne
neere the Heart, comforteth the Heart, and increafeth Audacity. It is
true, thatthe Ape is a Merry and Bold Bea. And that the fame Heart.

| likewile of an Ape, applied to the Necke, or Head, helpeth the Wi ; And

_is good for the Falling-Sickne/fe: The Ape alfo is a Witty Beaff,and hath

_ a Dry Braine; VVhich may be fome Canfe of Attennation of Vapours in the

| Head, ¥cvitis {aid to moue Dreamesalfo, Ic may be, the Heart of a Map

| wou!d doe more, but that it is more again{t Mews Mindesto vie it; Ex-
cept it.be in fuch as were the Reliqwes of Saints,

| The Fle/h of a Hedge-Hog,Drefled,& Eaten, is faid to be a great Drier: |
Ic is true,that the Jwyce of a Hedge-Hog,mult needs be Har(b and Dry, be-
caufe it purteth forth fo many Prickles : For Plants alfo, that are full of |

| Prickles,

;

- ws
= a i

(Century. X. | 253

Prickles, are generally Drie : As Briars, Thornes, Berberries: And there- :

ae the Afbes of a Hedge-Hog ate faid to be a great Deficcatine of Fi-
wla’s, t
Mummy hath great force in Stanching of Blouds which, asitmaybe|} 980
| afcribed to the fixture of Balmes,that are Glutinoxs ; So it may alfo par- |
take ofa Secret Propriety; In that the Blowd draweth Afans Fle/h, Andi |
isapproued, that the Moe, which groweth vponthe Skall of a Dead |
Man, vuburied, will ftanch Blowd potently, And fo doe the Dregs, or |
Powder of Bloud, {cuered from the Water,and Dried, |

It hath beene practifed, to make White Swallowes, by Annointing of |
the Egges with Oyle, Which Effect may be produced, by the Stopping of |
the Pores of the Swell, and making the /ayce, that putteth forth the Fea-
thers afterwards, more Penurious, And it may be, the Asnoinbing of the
Egges, willbcas Effectuall, as the Aamointing of the Body ; Of which Vide
the Experiment 9 3.

It is reported, that the White of an Egge, or Bloud, mingled withSalt-| 982
Water, doth gather the Saltneffe,and maketh the Water {weeter, This may
be by Adbefion; Asin the 6. Experiment of Clarification : It may bealfo,
that Blowd, and the White of an Egge, (which is the Adatter of a Liming
Creature,) hauc fome Sympathy with Salt: For all Life hath a Sympathy
with Sale, We fee that Sale, laid toa Cat Finger, healcthit; Soas it fee-
meth Salt draweth Bloud,as well as Blowd draweth Salt,

It hath beeneancicatly receiucd, that the Sea-Hare, hathan Antipa- 983
thy with the Langs, (if it commeth neare the Body,) and erodeth them,
Whereof the Cau/e is conceiued tobe, a Quality ithath of Heating the
Breath, and Spirits; As Cantharides haue vpon the Watrie Parts of the
Body; As Vrine ana Hydropicall Water, And it is a good Rule, that what.
foeuer hath an Operaties vpon certaine Kindes of Matters, that, in Mags
Bodie, worketh moft vpon thofe Parts, wherein that Kinde of Matter a-
boundeth,

Generally, that which is Dead, or Corrupted, or Excerned, hath An- 984

| sipathie with the fame Thing, when itis Alswe, and when it is Soand ; And
with thofe Parts which doe Excerne: As a Carkaffe ot Manis moft Infe-
| Gieus, and Odious to Man; A Carrion of an Herfe to an Horfe, &c. Pura-
| lent Matter of Wounds, and Vicers, Carbuncles, Pockes, Scabs, Leprofie, to
; Sound Fle(h; And the Excrement of euery Species to that Creature that
| Excerneth them, But the Excrements are leffe Pernicious than the Cor-
| puptions.
| It 18a Common Experience,that Degsknow the Deg-KilersWhenas| 98 5
in times of Infection, fome Petty FeDowis fent out to kill the Dogs; And
that, thongh they haueneuerfcene him before, yet they will all come
forth, and barke, andfly at him,
The Relations touching the Force of Imagination, andthe Secret In-| 9 86
finds of Nature, are fo yncertaine, as they require a great deale of Exa-
mination, ere we conclude vponthem. I would haue it firft throughly
inquired, whether thete be any Secret Paflages of Syaspathy, betweenc
Perfons

981

254.

987

938

jis true, that Yectory had a Sympathy with his Spirit; Por it was meerely

KN aturall History:

————_---———_—- -
Perfons of mcare Blosd; As Parents, Children, Brothers, Sifters, Nur{e-
Children, Husbands, Wiwes, &c, There be many Reports iv Avifory, that r
vpon the Death ot Perfons of {uch Neareneffe, Meshaue had an inward

| Feeling of it. I my Selfe remember, that being in Parés, and my Father )

| dyin in London, two or three dayes before my Fathers death, I had a |

| Dreame, which I told to diuers Englifh Gen:lemen, That my Fathers
Honfe, in the Conntrey, was Plaftered al| ouer with Blacke Mortar, There i
isan Opinion abroad, (whether Idle or no I cannot fay, ) That louing ’
and kinde Husbands, haue a Senfe of theit Wiues Breeding Childe, by fome
Accident in their owne Bodie,

Next to thofe that are Neare in Blond, there may be the like Paffage,
and Jn/lindts of Nature, betweene great Friends,and Enemies: And fome-
times the R euealing is vnto Another Perfon, and not to the Party Him-
felfe, I remember Philippus Commineus, (a graue Writer, ) reporceth;
That the Arch- Bifbop of Vienna, (a Reuerend P relate,) {aid (oneday) after
Majffe, to King Lewis the eleucnth of France; Sir, your Mortall Enemie w
dead ; What time Dake Charles of Burgundy was Slaine, at the Batsell of
Granfon, againit the Switzers. Some triall alfo would be made, whether
Pact or Agreement doc any thing ; As if two Friends fhould agree, that
{uch a Day in cucry Weeke, they being in farre Dé/famt Places, fhould Pray
one for Another; Or fhould put ona Ring, or Tablet, one for anothers
Sake; Whether if one of chem fhould breake their Yow and Premife,the
other fhould haue any Feeling of it,in Abfence.

If there be any Force in Jmsapinations and Affections of Singular Per- |
fons ; Ic is Probable the Ferce is much more in the Joymt /nsavinations and
Affections of Multitudes: Asif a Victory (hould be won, or lc ft, in Remote
Parés, whether is there not fome Sen/é thereof, in the People whom it
concerneth ; Becanfe of the great Joy, or Griefe,that many Mew are pof-
feft with, atonce ? Pius Qnistws, at the very time, when that Memors- }
ble Kséfory was won, by the Chriffians, againft the Tarkes, at the Nawal
Battell of Lepanto, being then hearing of Caufes in Con/iffory, brake off
fuddenly, and faid to thofe about him ; /¢ % mow more time, we /bould gine

| thankes to God, for the great Victory be hath granted vs, againft the Tarkes. Ir

his Worke, to conclude that Leagwe. It may be, that Rewelation was Di-
wine But what (hail we fay then, tea Number of Examples, amongtt
the Grecians, and Romans ? Where the People, bein g in Theaters at Playes,
hauc had Newes of Viéferies, and Owerthrewes, fome few dayes, before
any Mée(fenger could come,

It is true, that that may hold in thefe Things, which is
the generall Root of SuperStition : Namely, that Men obferuc
when Things Ait, and not when they Mifé: And commit
to Memory the one, And forget and pafle ouer the other.
But touching Diuination, and the Mifgiuing ot Mindes, fs

a

a

reek
“ r! 7

pe Fa aaa Raa ina Raa Ti ce ne

Century. X.

thall {peake more, when we handlein gencrall, the Nattireot

Mindes,and Soules, aud Spirits.

We haue given formerly fome Rales of Imagination, And. touching
the Forsifying of the Same. We haue fet downe alfo fome few Infances,
and Directions, of the Force of Imsagination, vpon Beafts, Birds, &c. vpon
Plants; And vpon Ivanimate Bodies: Wherein you mutt fel obferuc,

| chat your Trials be vpon Swbsill and Light Motions,and not the contrary;
For you will {ooner,by /msagination,binde a Bird from Singing than from
| Bating, or Flying: And I leaueit to cuery Man, to choofe Experiments,
which himfelfe thinketh moft Commodious; Giuing now but a few
| Examples of cucry of the ThreeKindes.

Vic fome Jmaginant, (obferuing the Rales formerly prefcribed, ) for
Binding of a Bird {rom Singing ; And the like of a Dag trom Barkéng. Trie

| alfo the Imagination of fome,whom you thal accommodate with things

tofortifici-, in Cocke-Fights, to make ane Cacke more Hardy, and the o-
ther more Cowardly, It would be tried alfo, in Flying of Hawkes ; Orin
Coarfing of a Deére, or Hare, with Grey-Honnds 5 Orin Hor fe- Races And
the like Comparatiue Motions : For you may fooner by Imagination, quic-
ken or fla¢ke a Motion, than raife or ctafe it; As it 1s eafier to makea
Dog goe flower, than to make him ftand fill thache may notrunne,

In Plants alfo, you may trie the Force of Imagination, vpon the Lighter
Sort of Motions : As vpon'the Sudden Fading, or Liuely Comming up of
Herbes; Or vpon their Bending one way, or other 5 Or vpon their C/e-
fing, and Opening ; 8c.

For Inanimsate Things, you may trie the Force of Imagination, vpon
Staying the Working ot Beere, when the Barme is putin; Or vpon the
Comming of Butter, or Cheefe, after the chermrinde or the Rennet bee

utin,

: Itis an Ancient Tradition, euery where alleaged, for Example of Secret
| Propricties and Influxes, that the Torpedo Marina, if it be touched with a
| long Sticke, doth ftupefic the Hand of him that roucheth it.It is one de-
| grecof Working at Distance, to worke by the Continuance ofa Fit Medi-
| wm, As Sound wilibe conueyed to the Eare, byftriking vpon a Bow-
String, ifthe Horne of the Bow be held to the Eareu.

The Writers of Natwrall Magicke, doe attribute much to the Fertues,
thatcome from the Parts of Living Creatures; So as they be taken from
them, the Creatures remaining ftillaliue : As if the Creasure til living
did infufe fome Jasmateriate Vertue, and Vigour, into the Part Sewered. So
much may be true 5 that any Part, taken from a Liwing Creatare, newly
Slaine, may be of greater force, than if it were taken from the like Crea
ture, dying of it Selfe, beeante it is fuller of Spirit.

Triall would be made, of the like Parts of /ndiwidaalls, in Plants, and
Lining Creatures; As to cut offa Stotke of a Tree; And to lay that,which
you cucoff, to Putrefie, to {ee whether it will Decay the Reft of the
Stocke: Or if you fhould eut off part of the Zaile, ot _ ee ee tk et of a saan

990

991

99%

993

934

995

6 | Na fiory :
256 | Natirall Eiifiory
or a Caf, and lay itto Patrifie, and fo fee whether it will Fe/fers or keepe
from Healing, the Part which remaineth. : 2
996 Ic is recciued, that it helpeth to Continue Loue, ifone weare a Ring, ot

a Bracelet, of the Haire of the Party Belewed, But that may be by the Ex-

citing of the Imagination : And perhaps a Glone,or other like Fawour,may

as well doe it, LOS ' ‘ Mt bi

997 The Syrpathie of Indénidualls, that haue beene Entire, or haue Toa-
ched, is of all others the moft Incredible: Yet according ynto our faith-
full Manner of Examination of Nature, we will make fome little mention
ofit, The Taking away of Warts, by Rubbing them with Somewhat that
afterwards is put to wafte,and confume,is a Common Experiment: And

I doe apprehend it the rather, becaufe of mine owne Experience,

from my Childheod,'a Wart ypon one of my Fingers: Afterwards when
I wasabout Sixteene Yeares old, being then at Pars, there grew vpon
both my ands a Number of Warts, (at the leaft an hundred,) in a Mo-
neths Space. The Englifh Embaffadours Ladie, who was a Woman {arte
from Super/tition, told me, one day; Shee would helpe mec away with
my Warts: VVhereupon thee gota Peece of Lard, withghe Skin on, and
rubbed the Warts all ouer, with the Fat Side; And amongft the reft that
Wart,which I had had from my Childhood ; Then fhee nailed the Peeres
of Lard, with the Fat towards the Sanne, vpon a Poaft of her Chamber
Window, which was tothe Soath, The Succefle was, that within fiue
weckes {pace, all the Warts went quite away : And that Wart, which I
had folong endured, for Company, Burat the reft I did little maruell,
becaufe they came in a Short time, and might goe away in a Short
Time againe; But the Going away of thatswhich had ftaid fo long,doth
yet fticke with me, They.fay the like is done, by the Rubbing of Warts
witha Greene Eldet Sticke, and then Barying the Sticke to Rot in Mucke,
It would be tried, with Cornes, and Weas, and fuch other Excre/cences.. I
would haucit alfo tried, with fome Parts of Liwing Creatares, that are
neareft the Nature of Excre/cences; As the Combes of Cockes, the Spurres
of Cocks,the Horwes of Beaf?s,8c. And I would haucit tried both waies;
| Both by Rebbing thofe Parts with Lard,or Elder, as before ; And by Cat-
| ting off Lome Peece of thofe Parts, and laying itto Confume ; To fee whe-
ther it will Worke any Effect, cowards the Con/wmption of that Part,
which was once Joywed with it,
998 | Iris conftantly Recciued, and Auouched, that the Asointing of the
Weapon, that maketh the Wound, will heale the Wownd it felfe, In this Ex-
periment, ypon tie Relation of Mes of Credst, ( though my felfe, as yet,
am,not fully inclined to belecue it,) you fhall note the Pormts following,
Firft, the O#mtment, wherewith this is done, ismadc of Diuers Jngreas-
| ents; whereof the Strangeft and Hardeft to comeby,are the Mee ypon
the Skwll of adead Man, Vaburied And the Fats of a Boare, anda Beare,
killed in the A of Generation, Thefe two laft] could cafily fufpe& tobe
prefcribedias a Starting Hole; Thacif the Experiment proucd not, it
mought be pretended, thatthe Beas were not killed inthe due Time ,
* For

——
:

Eee

oe ae tea ee eee eee eee a= — Se i ear oe ee oe ee

257

~—e

(Century. X.

Foras forthe Moff, it is certaine,chere is great Quantity of it in Ireland,
vpon Stazne Bodies, laidon Heapes, Vnburied, The other ingredients ate,
the Blowd-Stone in Powder ,and {ome other Things, which feeme to hauea
Vertue to Stanch Bloud; As allo the Mofehath, And the Defeription of |
the whole Ointment 1s to be found in the Chymsicall Dé/penfatory of Crollius.
Secondly, the fame Kinde of Omtment, applicd co the Hert it felfe, wor-
keth nor the Effec? ; buronly applied to the Weapon. Thirdly, (which 1
like well) they doe not obferue the Cosfeéfing of the Ointment ynder any
certaine Con/fellation ; which commonly is the Excufe of Afagicall Medi-
cines, when they failc, that they were not made vnder a fit Figure of Hea-
sen, Fourthly, it may be applied to the Weapom, though the Party Hurt
beat great Deffance, Fifthly, itfeermeth the Imagination of the Party, to
be Cxred, is notnces!fullno Concurre; For it may be done,without the
Knowledge, of the Partie Wounded ; And thus much hath beene tried,
chat che Oiutment (for Experiments fake,) hath beene wiped off the Wea-
pon, without the knowledge of the Partie Hart,and prefently the Party
Hart, hath beene in great Rage of Paine, till the Weapon was Reannointed.
Sixthly, it is afitmed, tharit youcannot get the Weapon, yet if you put
an lafframent of Irom, or Wood, tefembling the Weapan, into the Wound,
whereby it blecdcghythe Asaeinting of that Jnftrament will ferue, and
worke the Efe. Tnis [doubt thould be a Deuice,to keepe this ftrange
Forme of Cure, in Requeft, and Vie; Becaufe many times you cannot}
come by the Weapon it {elfe.Scuenthly,the Wound mutt be at firft Wafhed),
cleane, with White Wine, or the Parties owne PVater ; And then bound vp }
clofe in Fise Linnen, and no more Drefing renewed, tillit be whole,
Eightly, the Sword it felfe muft be Wrapped vp Clofe,as farre as the Oint-
ment gocth, tharit taketh nol¥7ed, Ninthly, the Ointment, if you wipe
itottttom the Sword,and kecpe it, will Serwe againe ; and rather /ncreafe
in vertue, than Diminifh, Tenthly, it will Cure in farre Shorter Time,than
Ointments of Wounds commonly doe, Laftly, it will Cure a Beaff, as well
as a Man; which I like beft of all the reft, becaufe it fubieGeth the as-
ter, toan Eajfie Trial,

|

Would haue Mes know, that though I reprehend, the Eafe Pafing |

ower, of the Canfes of Things, by Afcribing them to Secret and Hidde
Vertues, and Proprieties; (For this hath arrefted, and laid aflcepe, all
true Enquiry, and Indications ;) yet I doe not vnderftand, but that in the
Practical Part of Knowledge, much willbe left to Experience, and Proba-
tion, whereunto Inditation cannet fo fully reach : And thisnotonely in
Specie, but in Jadiniduo. So in Phyficke, if you will cure the Jasndges, it is
not enough to fay,that the AMediciue muft not be Cooling ; For that will
hinder the Opening which the Défeaferequireth: That it muft not be Hes;
For thar will exafperate Choler : That it muft goe to the Gall ; For there
is the Obffruétion which caufeth the Difeafe, &c. But you muft receiue
from Experience, that Powder of Chamepytis, or the like, drunke in Beere,
is good for the Jawndies : So againe,a wile Phyfitian doth not 7

Sn

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Secret

Propwieties.
999

—_—

258

——

Experiment

Solitary, tou-
ching the Ge-
nerall Symspathy

of Mens Spits.

1000

Natural Hiflory:

{till che fame Medicine, to a Patient; But he will vary, if the fick Medicine
doth not apparently fucceed: For of thofe Remedies, thatare good for
the Jawndies, Stone, Agues,8cc. that will doe good in one Body, which will
| not doe good in Another; According to the Correfpondence the Me-
dicine hath to the Jadimidwall Bodie,

|

dyes Delight which Aden haue in Popularitie, Fame, Honour, Sabmsifvion,
and SabieéFion of other Mens Mindes, Wills, or Affections, (although
thefe Things may be defired for other Ends) feemeth to be a Thing, in it
{elfe, without Contemplation of Confequence, Gratefull and agreea-
ble to the Nature of Man. This Thing (furely) is not without fome Sig-
nification, as if all Spirits and Soules of Men, came. forth out of one Di-
wine Limbws; Elfe why fhould Mem be fo much affeGed with that, which
others thinke, or fay > The beft Temper of AMindes defireth Good
Name; and True Honosr : The Lighter, Popalarity, and 4p-
plaufe; The more depraued, Sabiection, and Tyranny ;
Asis feenein great Comqucrours, and Trowblers of
the World: And yet more in Arch-Heretickes ;
fer the Introducing of new Doé#rines, is

likewife an Affectation of Tyrannie,
ouer the Vaderfiandings,
and Beleefesof =
Men. ;
*
ey
» S
| Deaton’:
| i img
} i Wy
—_ t —— -— — —- TLVUNERSLED TT x
Qy Tu '
t 17 insu ) tt
) oth aobnid
wiedD 53 ! ;
: o\! whe

| |

GO Ue |
ENE RCH NGS ICED ek ENG neindt
BS a ee Be

A EABLE OR
the Experiments.
|
|

Century. IL

yay

RR F Strayning or Percolation, Ontoard, and Inward: Expl

a\\5 ments 8. - . af page 1 I

ok Of Motion opom Preffare. Expebihents yn pipes

Ae ofS eparations of Bodies\Liquid by weight. Pe 3. pag. 4

BS Of Infufions, in Water and-Aive; Exp. im pag. 5

of the. Appetite of Continuation in Liquids, Exp. 1. i da pag.6
Of Artificial Springs, Exp. 1. . pag.7
Of the Fenemcous Quality of Mans flefh, Exp. Lo wget ibid,
Of Tarning Aire into Water. Exper. prelienc Rie me oC
Of Helping of Altering the Shape of the Body. Exp. 4, ibid,

Of Condenfing of dire, to yeeld Weight, or Nourifhment. Exp.1. pag.9

Of Flame and Atre Commixed, Exp.t. pag. Io
Of the Sccrct Nature of Flame, Exo, zs nt ibid. |.
| Of Flame, inthe Midff,and onthe Sides. Exp, E: pag. 11.
Of Motion of Grawity. Exp.t. : E ibid.
: Of ContraZion of Bodies in Balke. Exp, I. pag. 12
Of making Vines more frurtfall,. Bxpy Bo Sst ibid,
Of the Seueralt Oper aston: of Purging Medicines. _ gn 3 ibid,
OF Heats and Drinkes malt Nowri{bing. Exp. sf “SAS paglrs
| Of Medicines applied in Order, Exp. t. pag. 19
| of Care by Cullome, Exp. Ls ae MAIISE “pag. 20
| Of Care by Exceffe. Exp. 1. 1% + ’ " ibid,
Of Cure by Motion of Confent. Exp. 1. : “ ibid,
Of Cure of Difeafes contrary to Preaifpofition. Bip. I; ~pag.2t
Of Preparation before and after Purging. — Te ibid,
ed Stanching Bloud. Exp.t. ‘* pag.22
Z 0

ES

|

aS

|

|

The Table. |

of Change of Aliments and Medicines. Exp. 1. ibid."
of Diets, Exp.t ibid.
of Produition of ‘Cold. Exp. 7. ibid,

| Of Turning Airc into Water, Exp. 7. p2g.24
Of Induration of Bodies, Exp. 8, peg, 26
Of Preying of Aire vpos Water, Exp. 1. pag. 28
Of the Force of Vnion, Exp. t. pag.29
Of making Feathers and Hatres of déuers Colours. Ea I. ibid.
Of Nourt/hment of young Creatures in the Boge, or Wombe. Exp.1, pag-30
Of Sympathy and Antipathy. Exp.3.. ibi

| Of the Spirsts, or Pneumaticalls in Bodies, Exp. 1. = wt
Of the Power of Heat. Exp, 1. ' pag.32 |
Of Impofibilisy of Annibilation, Exp.1, Pag. 33

et:

F Mujicke. Exp. 14 - pag. 35.

©); the Nallity and fo ae Sounds, Exp. 9. _ | pag. 39
; Of Prodnction,Con/ernation,and Delation of Sounds, Exp.t4.p.41 ,
of. Magnitude, Exility, and Damps.of Sounds, Exp.25. pag.45 ue
Of Leadue/feand Softuclfe of Sounds, Exp.3. -_ pag.49 ¢
f Communication of Saunas, Exp. 3y ~ «ibid, :
ear and Inequality of Sounds, Exp. 9s pag. 50 4
Of more Treble and Bafe Tones, Exp. 6. az, pag. 52- v
Of Proportion of Treble and Bafe. Exp.g. > _ pag. 53 f
Of Exterionr and Interiour Sounds. Exp, pag. 54 :
‘| Of Articulation of . iti BERRI Ye she! ibid, :

ery 1 ee |

Century I TH.

a ee

/ F the Lines in which Sounds mene, Exp. 6, pag. 57-
oO, the Lafting or Perifhing of Sounds, Exp. 5. pag. 5

| > Of the Pa(fage or Interception of Sounds. Exp. 5. . pag. §9 ‘
| Of the Mediam of Sounds.. Exp. 4. xs

\ Of the Figures of Bodies yeelding Sounds, Exp. 3. 64

of Mixture of Sounds. Exp. 5. pag. 62-
Of Melioration of Sounds. Exp.7. pag. 63
|| Of imitation of Sounds, Exps6. se 64

|
j

| Of Reflexion of Sounds, Exp. 13. 65.
Of Confent and Diffent betweeme Audibles, and Vifibles, Exp, okay: “st

’ *
EE Se

ao,

Se he

Thellable.

Of Sympathy and Antipathy of Sounds. Exp.5.
| Of Hindering or Helping of Hearing. Exp. 4.
| Of the Spiritwall and Fine Nature of Sounds, Exp. 4.
| Of Orient Colours in Diffolutions of Metals, Exp. 1.
| Of Prolongation of Life, Exp. t.
| Of the Appetite of Vaton in Bodiesy Exp. 1.
| Of the like Operations of Heat and Time, Exp. .
| Of the Differing Operations of Fire and Time, Exp. ¥.
| of Motions by Imitation, Exp. 1,
Of Infectious Difeafes, Exp. 1.
Of the !ncorporation of Powders and Liquors. Exp. 1.

Of Meats foone Glatting, er Not Glutting, Exp. 1.

— ++—_ 54 —__— —

Century, IV.

on of Drinkes,and Fruits, Exp.15,.
of making Gold. Exp. 1.
Of the Senerall Natures of Gold, Exp. I.
Of Inducing and Accelerating Putrefaction, Exp. 12.
Of Probibising and Prewenting Putrefaction, Exp, 11.
Of Rotten Wood Shining. Exp. 1.
Of Acceleration of Birth, Exp.t
_Of Acceleration of Growth and Stature, Exp. I.
Of Bodies Sulphureows and Mercurial, Brn 5.
Of the Chameleon, Exp.t.

1% Subterrany Fires, Exp. 1.

Of NitrousWater, Exp. 1.
Of Congealing of Aire. Exp. 1,
4s Of Congealing Water into Cryftall. Exp. L.

Of Preferuing the Smell, and Colour,in Rofe-Leaues. EXp.t.

| Of the La/ting of Flame. Exp. to.

Of Infos fio 0 or Burials of diners Bodies in Earth, Exp. 5.
| Of the Affects of Mens Bodies from fenerall Winds, Exp. 1.
}; Of Winter and Summer Sickneffes, Exp. 1.
| Of Peftilentiall Teeres, Exp. 1.

Of Epidemicall Difeafes. Exp. 1.

o Preferuation gf Liquors in Wells,er deepe Vaults. Exp. I..

/pag-72

Pag.73

ibid.
Pag. 74
Pag. 75
ibid,

pag. 76 |

ibid,
ibid,
ibid,

P38..77
Of Exercife of the Body, And the Benefits, or Ewits thereof, Exp. ts” ibid. |

ibid,

QO’ Clarification of Liquors, and the Accelerating thereof, Exp, 11.
P38. 97
Of Maturation, and the Accelerasing thereof; And of the Maturats

pag. 81
pag. 84
pag. 86
ibid,
pag. 83
pag.ot
pag.g2
ibid.
Pag. 93
pag. 94
Pag. 95
ibid.
ibid.
ibid.
pag.96
iid,
pag.99
pag.Joo
ibid.

\ ibid.
ibid.
ibid:

Bae sg Ohl oe

ee

ee

Ate Pables

Of Stusting. Exp. f. pag.tor.
Of Sweet Smels, Exp. 4. ibid. |
Of the Goodne/fe, and Choice of Waters. Exp. 7. pag.102
Of Temperate Heats under the quinoctsall. Exp. 1. pag.10 3-+
Of the Colouration of Blacke and Tawney Moores. Exp. t. ibid,
Of Motion after the Inflant of Death, Exp. 1. Pag.104.
Century. V.
;

pag. 105
Of Retarding or putting backe Germinination,Exp.9. pag. 108
Of Melior ating, or making better, Fruits,and Plants.Exp.55. pag.110

‘@) Accelerating or Haftening forward Germination. Exper. 12.

Of Compound Fruits, and Flowers. Exp. 3. pag.118
Of Sympathy and Antipashy of Plants.Exp. 19. pag, 119-
Of Making Herbs and Fruits Medicinable, Exp, 2. pag. 124

_—

Century, V I. -

>
i<o.9 ;
| ; F Curiofitiesabout Fruits, and Plants, Exp. 17. pag? t2 7
Of the Degenerating of Plants; And ef their Tranfmuatation one
into another. Exp. 14. RE, pog. £31
Of thé Preceritie and Lowne(fe of Plants, And of Artificiall Dwarfing.
them, Exp. 5. pag. 134
Of the Rudiments of Plants ; And of the Excre/cences of Plants, or Super-
| Plants. Exp. 26. ibid,
| Of producing Perfect Plants without Seed. Exp. x1. pag. 139
Of Forraine Plants, Exp. 3. / pag. 140
| Of the Seafons of fenerall Plants. Exp. 6. pag. 141
| Of the Lafting of Plants. Exp. 5. pag, 142
| Of fewerall Figures of Plants, Exp. 3. pag. 143
Of fome principal Difference; in Plants. Exp. 4. pag. 144
Of all Manner of Compofts and Helps for Grownd.Exp. 6. pag. 145
2
| _ Century, VII.

mate, Exp. 6. paB 149
| of A and Differences betweeme Plants, and Lining ¢ rea- |
| tures; Andof theConfiners and Participles of Boh,Exp.3. pag. 150

of

| ‘@) the Affinities and Differences betweene Plants and Bodies Inani

a a ee .
——

The Table.

Of Plants Experiments Promifcuows, Exp. 67. pag.Ist
Of Healing of Wounds. Exp, 1. pag.165
Of Fat diffufed in Flefb, Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Ripening Drinke pecdily. Exp. 1. pag-166
Of Pilofitie and Plamage, Exp.1. ibid,
Of the Ouickneffe of Motion in Birds. Exp... ibid,
Of the Clearneffe of the Sea, the North Wind blowing. Exp. 1. ibid,
Of the Different Heats of Fire and Boyling Water. Exp. 4. ibid,
Of the Qualification of Heat by Moifture. Exp. 1. pag.167
Of Yawning. Exp.t. ibid.
Of the Hiccough. Exp. 1. ibid,
Of SneeXing. Exp. 1. pag.168
| Of the Tenderneffe of the Teeth, Exp. 4. ibid.
Of the Tongue. Exp.t. ibid,
Of the Mouth ont of Taffe, Exp. 1. ibid.
Of fome Prognofticks of Peftilential Seafons, Exp. 1. * ibid.
Of Speciall Simples for Medicines. Exp.1. ibid.
Of Venus, Exp, 3.. pag. 169
Of the Infects, or Creatures bred of Patrefaction, Exp. 3. pag.170
Of Leaping. Exp.1. pag.173
Of the Plesfures and Difpleafures of Hearing , and of the esher Sen{es,
Exp. 1. ibid.

Century VIII.

FE Veines of Earth Medicinal, Exp.t. pag.175
C) Sponges. Exp. I. ibid.
4 Of Sea-Fifh in Frefh waters. Exp. 4. pag.176
| Of Attraction by Similitude of Subftance, Exp. 1. ibid,
\f Certaine Drinkes sa Turkey, Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Sweat. Exp. 6. pag.177
Of the Gle-Worme. Exp. 1. pag.t78
Of the Impreffions upon the Body,from fenerall Pafitens of the mcs
ibid.
| Of Drunkenneffe. Exp. 4. ag.185
A the sec Sr Wine, takes moderately, Exp, 1. vag ite
' | of Catterpillers. Expst. ibid,
| of the Klyes Canthartdes, Exp. Se pag.18
| Of Laffitude, Expe2. ibid,
+ Of Cafting the Skis, and Shell,im fome Creatures, Exp. 1, ibid.
Of the Poftwres of the Body, Exp. 3, pag.184
Of Peftilential Yeares. Exp.1. ibid,
| Of fome Prognofticks of Hard Winters. Exp. 4. ibid.

| Of Certaine Medicines that condenfeand releene the Spirits. Expet.pag. 185

Z 3 of

ee Ea eee se ro See Ne ES
et eat

|
|
|
|
|

eee

The Table. |

Of paintings of the Body, Exp.t. ~» ibid.
of thevfe of Bathing,and Annointing. Exp. 1. » ibid,
Of Chamoletting of Paper. Exp. t. pag.186
Of Cutile Inke.Exp. 1. “ibid,
Of Earth increafing in Weight, Exp. 1. ibid
Of Sleepe. Exp. 3 ibid.
Of Teeth, and Hard Sabftances inthe Bodves of Linimg Creatures, Exp, = I.
Pag-107
Of the Generation, ana Bearing of Lining Creatures in theWombe, Exp,
Pag. toy
Of Species Vifible. Exp.2. pag.190
Of Impulfion, and Percafson. Exp. 3. pag. 19
Of Tittllation, Exp. 1. pag. 192
Of Scarcitie of Rainein Agypt. Exp.t. ‘ibid.
Of Clarificatton. Exp.1. ibid.
Of Plants without Leawes, Exp. 4 Pag.193

Of the Materials of Glaffe. Exp. ibid.
of Prohibition of Pasenaas tal the long Cael Passe of Bodies.Exp. 1...
ibi

of Abundance of Nitre in certaine Sea-Shoares. Exp. 1, pag. 194
Of Bodies borneup by Water, Exp. t. ibid,
Of Ewell confaming little or nothing. Exp.t. ibid..
Of Cheape Fuel. Exp.t. pag.295-
Of Gathering of Wind for Frefbneffe, Exp. 1. ~~ ibid.
Of Trealls of Aires, Exp. t. ; ibid.
Of Increasing Milke in Milch-Beaffs. Exp. 1. ia
Of Sand of the Nature of Glaffe. Exp. 1. pag.296-
Of the Growth of Corall, Exp.1. 4 ibid.
Of the Gathering of Mavna, Exp.1. _ ibid.
Of Correcting of Wines, Exp.1. “ibid,
Of Bitwmen, one of the Matertalls opwilde:t Fire, Exp. 1. paig.257
Of Plafter growing as hard as Marble, Exp.1. . ~~ ibid.
Of theCure of fome Vicers and Harts, Exp, 1. ibid,
Of the Healthfulne/fe or Vnbealthfulneffe of the Southerne Wind, Exp.1. ib.
Of Wounds made wsth Braffe, and with Iron, Exp.1, ibid
Of Mortification by Cold, Exp. 1. pag.298
Of Weight, Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Super-Natation of Bodies, Exp.t: x -» ibid
Of the Flying of Vnequall Bediesimthe Aire. Exp. 1. ibid,

Of Water that it may be the Medium of Sounds, Exp.t. pag. 299.
Of the Flight of the Spirits upon odious Obiets. Exp. t. ibi
Of the Super-Keflexton of Eccho's, E
Of the Force of Imagination imitating t that o of the Senfe, Exp. t. Peg. tg

Of Preferuation of Bodies, Exp.1.
Of the Growth, or Multiplying of Metals. Exp, 1. VAS ind. |
Of the Drowning the more bafe Metall in the more Pretious, Exp. 1. e

of

ee

os

The Table. bis | tl

Of Fixation of Bodies. Exp, t. 2.201
Of the Reflefe Nature of Things mane lwes,andtheir Defire to site.

Exp, t. ibid,

Cencary. IX.

F Perception in Bodies tnfenfible, ye ta Reidel Disivation,
Oo and Subtill Trials, Exp.30. . pag.203
Of the Caufes of Appetiteinshe Stomach, ti I, pag. 209
Of Sweetne(fe of Odour from the Rain- Bow, Exp. rig ibid,
Of Sweet Smells. Exp. t. \; PaB—_2 Lo
Of the Cerporeall Subftance of Smells, Exp.t. . ibid.
Of Fetide and Fragrant Odours. Exp, 1. ; ibid,
+-Of the Causes of Putrefaction. Exp.1.° - my pag, 212
Of Bodies ymperfectly Mext, Exp,t,\ .. ic rmeteey Xe ibid,
Of Concoction and Cradity. Exp.t. Ad vo, ibid.
Of Alterations, which may becaled Maiors. Ep. 3 res » pagi243
Of Bodies Liquejiable, and Not Liquefiable,. Exp: 1. pag.244
Of Bodies Fragile and Tough. Exp,1,.. - ibid,
Of the two Kimdes of Pnewmaticalsin Bodies, Exp. 1 I. pag.215
Of Concretion and Diffelution of Bodies, Exp. te ibid,
Of Bodies Hard and Soft, Exp.1. «- “y ibid, | ,
Of Bodies Ductile, andTenfile. Exp.t. pag.216
Of Senerall Paffions of Matter, and Charactersef Bo Pages ee 1, ibid.
Of Induration by Sympathy, Expsts. ods wpagian7
Of Honey and Sugar. Exp... var i Ate ibid.
Of the Finer fort of Bafe Metals, Bars ve . ~ ibid.
Of certsine Cemenis and Quarries. EXD.1. ibid.
Of the Altering of Colours in Hatresand Feathers. iEve. I. > oo pag.218

Of the Di ifjerences of Liming Creatures, Male and Bensale, Exp.1. ibid.
Of the Comparatine Magnitude of Lising Creatures, Expit. |. pag.219

Of Producing Fruit without Coare or Stone, Exp. D Se .dbid.,
Of the Meltoration of Tobacco, Expe 1.’ ibid.
Of Seuerall deats working the fame Effects. Exper. pag. 220
| Of Swelling and Dilatation it Boiling, Exp. 1. ibid,
| Of the Dulcoration of Fruits. Exp. t. ibid,
ft Flefh Edible, and not Edible, Exp.1. pag.221

| of the Salamander. Exp.t. ibid,
Of the Contrary Operations of Time,wpon Frutis and Liquors Exp.1.pag.222
Of Blewesand Brasfes, Exp. 1. ibid,
Of the Orris Root, Exp.1.7 ibid,
Of the Comprefiion of Liquors, Exp. 1. ibid,
Of the working of Water upon Aire Comsignoxs. Exp. 1. pag.22 3
Of the Nature of Aire. Exp.1. ibid,

of

a rr

| Sa i The Table. |

| of she Eyes and fj ht, Exp.7. “ ibid.

Of the Colowr of the Sea, or other Water. Exp. 1. pag.225
Of Shell-fifh. Exp.t. “1 Ibid.)
Of the Right Side, ial the Left. Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Frictions. Exp.t. ibid,
Of Globes appearing flat at diftance, Exp.t. pag. 226
Of Shadowes, Exp. 1. ibid,
Of the Rowling and Breaking of the Seas, Exp.t. ibid,
Of the Dulcoration of Salt Water, Exp. t. ibid,
Of the Returne of Saltneffe in Pits by the SeaeShoare, Exp. t. ibid,
Of Attrattion by Similitude of Subjtance, Exp. 1. pag.227 /-
Of Attraction, Exp. r. ibid.
Of Heat under Earth, Exp... ibid,
Of Flying inthe Aire, Exp.1. * * ibid.
‘Of the Scarlet Dye, Exp.1. ibid.
| Of Maleficiating. Exp.1 ibid,
| Of the Rife of Liquors, or Pieidies byk imeanes of Flame, Exp.1. pag.228
Of the Inflences of the Moone, Exp.8. ibid.
| Of Vinegar. Exp.t. * pag. 230
‘Of Creatures that fleepe all Winter, EXp.1. ibid.
; eA the snes of sie: ds y a speed by Putrefaction. Exp. i. Se
I. Ca ntury. xX.
ibe 9 j
y F the Th a pe Influx of Immateriate Vertues,ana the Force
O of Imagination; whereof there be Sa Monitory three,
tn ali, Exp. | ange? pag. 233
| Of Emiffion of Spirits in Vapotr,or Echalstion,O donr-ike, Exp.26)pag.234 |
Of Emifsions of Spiritwall Species, which affect the Senfes, Exp.t. pag.242 -
| Of Emt{ion of Immatertate Vertues, from the mindes, and Spirits of Men, by 5
Affections, Imagination, or other Imprefiions, Exp. 21. ~ «ibid,
| Of the Secret Vertwe of Sympathy, awd: eis gece ‘Exp. 39. pag. 249 ;
| Of Secret Vertwes and Propreetses. Exp.t. pap. 257 }
Poe the Geuerall Sympathy of Mens git ue tw -pag.258, ;

NEVV

ATLANTIS.
~A VVorke vniinished.

VVritten by the Right Honourable, Francis
Lord Verulam, Vifcount Se. Alban.

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r® His Fable my Lord deuifed, to the
4 end that He might exhibite there~
@ in, aeModell or De/cription of a
28 29 Colledge, infticuted for the Futer-
SENSE preting of Nature, and the Pro-
ducing of Cun and Marueilous Workes for the
Benefit of Men; Vnder the Name of Salomons
Howe, or the (olledee of the Sixe Dayes Works.}
And even fo farre his Lordfhip hath proceeded,
as to fintth that Part. Certainely, the Modell 1s
more Vatt, and High,then can pofsibly be imita-
ced in all things. . Notiwithftanding moft Things
therein are w alle Mens Power to effect. His
Lordfhip thought alfo in this prefent Fable, to}
haue compofed a Frame of Lawes, or of the bef}
State or Mould of a Common-wealth. But fore-}
feeing it would be a long Worke, his Defire off
Collecting the Natur al Fiiflory diuerted him, |}
which He preferred many degrees before it.

This Worke of the New eAtlantis ( asi

a2 much}

—_s

To the Reader.

much as concerneth the Engli/h Edition) his Lord-
ip defigned for this Place; In regard it hath fo}
neare Affinity (in ene Part of ir) with the Pre-}

ceding Natural Hiftory.
| W: Rawley.

i

,
|
7
a

.

NEV ATLANTIS.
26) EE {ayled from Peru,( wher wee had conti-
“lf nued by the {pace of one whole yeare, ) for
59 China and Japan, by the South Sea; taking
AA with vs Victuals for twelue Moneths; And
wea had good Windes from the Eaft, though
{oft and weake,for fiue Moneths {pace and
more, But then the Winde came about,and
fetled in the Weft formany dayes, fo as we could make litele
orno way, and were fometimes in purpofe co turne back.
But then againether arofe S:rong and Great Windes from the
South, with a Point Eaft; which carried vs vp, ‘(for all chat
wecould doe}towards the North : By which imeour Vidtu-
alls failed vs, though we had made good {pare of them. So
that finding our felues, inthe Midit of the greateft Wilder-
nefle of Waters in the World, without Vidtuall,we gaue our
Selues for loft Men,and prepared for Death. Yet we did lift
vp our Harts and Voices to Gop aboue, who fheweth bis Won-
ders inthe Deepe; Befeeching him of his Mercy, that as inthe
Beginning He difcouered the Face of the. Deepe, and brought
forth Dry- Land ; So he would now dilcouer Land to vs, that
we mought not perifh, And it came to paffe, thatthe nexc
Day about Euening,we faw within a Kenning before vs,to-
wards the North, as it were thick Cloudes, which did put
vs in fomehope of Land; Knowing how that part of the
South Sea was vtterly vaknowne ; And might haue I{lands,
or Continents, that hitherto were not come te light. Where-
fore we bent our Courfe thicher, where we {aw the Appea-

a3 rance |

————————

| of DiftruS atall. And when he faw one of our Number;pre-

Scroule of Parchment,(fomewhat yellower then our Parch-

New Atlantss.

rance of Land, all that night; Andin the Dawning of the
next Day,we might plainly difcernethatit was 4 Land Flatc
to our fight, and full of Bofcage; which made it fhew the
more Darke. And after an Houre 4 halfs Sayling, we en-|
tred into» good Hauen, being the Port of a faire (sty 5° Not

great indeed, ‘but well built, and that gauea pleafant view
from theSea: And we thinking cuery Minute long, till we
were on Land,came clofe to the Shore,and offtedto land. But
ftraightwaies we faw diuers of the People, with Baftons in
their Hands (as it were ) forbidding vs to land ; Yet without}
any Cries or Fiercenefle, but onely'as warning vs off by
Signes that they made.Wherevpon being nota little d;
forted, we were aduifing with our felues, what we fhe
doe. During which time,ther made forth tows a {mall Boate,
with about eight Perfonsin it; wherof One of them had in
his Hand a Tipftaffe ofa yellow Cane, tipped at both ends
with Blew,who came aboard our Shipp, without any fhew

fent him(felfe fomewhat afore the reft, he drew forth alittle

ment. and fhining like the Leaues of Writing Tables, but o-
therwife foftand Hexible,) and deliuereditto our foremoft
Maui In which Scroule were written in Ancient Hbrew,and
in Ancient Greeke, and in good Latine of the Schoole, andin
Spanifh,thefewordes ; Land yee not, none of you ; Aid prouide to
be gone from this Coaft, within fixteene dates except you hane farther
time ginen you. Meanewhile,if you want Fre{h Water or Vietuall,or
helpe for your Sick, or that your Ship needeth repatre, write done
your Wants and you fhall have that which belongeth to Mercy. This
Scroule was Signed with a Stampe of (herabixs Wings, not
fpred, but hanging downwards, And by thema Croffe-This
being delivered, the Officer returned, and left onely a Seruant}
with ys to receyue our Anfweare. Confulting hereupon a-}
mongft our Selues, we were much perplexed. The Deniallo
Landing and Hafty Warning vs away ,troubled vs much,On
the other fide, to finde that the People had Languages, and
were fo full of Humanity, did comfort vs nor alitile. And a-
boue

Se

a

5

New Atlantis.

SS
boue all che Signe of the (ye/fe to that Inftrument,was to vs
a great Reioycing,and as it werea certaine Prefage of Good
Our Aafwer was in the Spanifh tongue ; That for our Shipp, it
was Well; For we bad rather mett with Calmes and contrary Wwindes,
then any Tempe/ts.For onr Sick, they were many and in very ill Cafe ;
Su that if theyawere not permitted to Land, they ran danger of their
Lives.Our other Wants we lett downe in particular,adding ,
| That we had fome little lore of Merchandize, whach if it pleafed
them to deale for it might fupply our Wants, without being chargea-
ble vuto them. We offred fome Reward in Piftoletts vnto the
Seruant, and apeece of Crimfon Veluett to be prefented to
the Offices : But the Seryant tooke them net, nor would
{carce looke vpon them; -And fo left vs, and went back in
another little Boate, which was fent for him.

About three Houres after we had difpatched our Anfwear,
ther came towards vs,a Perfon(as it feemed) of place. He had
on him aGowne with wide Sleeues, of a kinde of Water
Chamolett, ofan excellent Azure Colour, farre more gloffy
then ours: His ynder Apparell was Green ; And fo was his
Hatc being in the forme ofa Turban, daintely made, and
not fo huge as the Turkifh Turbans, And the Lockes of his
Haire came downe below the Brimms of it. A Reuerend

{

Man was he to behold.Hee came in a Boate, gilt in fome part
of it,with foure Perfons more onely in that Boate; And was
followed by another Boate, wherein were fome Twenty.
‘When he was come within a Flight-fhott of our Shipp,
Signes were made to vs, that we fhould fend forth fome to
meet him vpon the Water ; which we prefently did in our
Shipp-Boate, fending the principall Man amongft vs faue|
one, and foure of our Number with him. When we were
come within fixe yards of their Boate, they called to vs to
ftay,and not to approach further; which we did. And ther-
vpon the Man,whom I before defcribed, ftood vp,and with
a loude voice,in Spanifh,asked; Are yee (hriftians? We anlwe-
red; Wewere; fearing theleffe, becaufe of the Croffe we had
{een in the Subfcription. At which Anfwear the faid Perfon

lift vp his Right Hand towards Heauen, and drew it foftly
aN to

——= - ——— =

————

eo

4 New Atlantis.

tohis Mouth, (which is the Gefture they vfe, when they
thank Gop;) And then faid : If yee will /weare, (all of you, by
the Meritts of the Saviove,that yee are no Pirates; Nor haue fhed
blond, lawfully, nor vnlawfully, within fourtie daies paf? ; you may
haue Licenfe to come on Land. Wee laid ; Wee were all ready to take
that Outh.Wherupon one of thole that were with him bein;
(asitfeemed) a Notary, made an Entry of this A&t. Which |
done,another of the Attendants of the Great Perfon, which
was with him in the fame Boarte, after his Lord had fpoken
alittle to him,faid aloud , My: Lord would bane you know, that st
is not of Pride,or Greatnes, that he commeth not aboard your Shipp;
But for that,in your AnfWwear, you declare, that you hane many Sick
among ft you, he was warned by the Conferuator of Health, of the
Citty, that he fhould keepe adiftance. we bowed our felues to-
wards him,and an{wered, Wee were his humble Seruants, And
accounted for great Honour, and fingular Flumanity towards vs,
that which was allready done ; But hoped well, that the Nature, of
the Sicknes,of our Men,%Was not infe€tious. So he returned; Anda
while after came the Notary to ys abosrd our Ship; Holding
in hishand a Fruit of that Cuntry, like an Orenge, but of co-
lour between Orenge-tawney and Scarlet; which caft a
moft excellent Odour.He vied it (as it feemeth )for a Prefer-
uatiueagainft Infetion. He gavevs our Oath; By the Name of
Tefus, and his Merits: And after told vs,that the next day, by
fixe of the Clocke,in the Morning, we fhould be fent to,and
brought co the Strangers Houfe, ({0 he calledit,) wher we
fhould be accommodated of things, both for our whole,and
for our Sick. Sohe left vs; And when he offred him fome
Pifoletts, he fmiling faice; He mu/? not be twice paid, for one
Labour , Meaning(as | take it)that he had Salary fuficient of
the State for his Seruice. For (as ] after learned ) they call an
Officer that taketh Rewards, Twice-paid.

The nex: Morning earely,ther came to vs the fame Officer,
that came to vs at fir't with his Cane,and told vs, He came to
conduét ys to the Strangers Houle; And that hee had prinented the
Houre, becaufe we might haue the whole day before vs, for our Ba
fineffe. For (aidhe) Ifyou will follow my Aduice, ther fhall firft

£5

oom
Mey

New Atlantis.

goe 2 ith me fome few of yau,and fee the place,and how it may be made

| conuenienc foryou ; And then you may fend for your Sick,and the reft

of your Number, which yee will bring on Land. we thanked him,
and {aid ; Phat this Care, which be tooke of de/alate Serangers,Gop
would reward, And fo fixe of vs wenton Land with him:
And whenwve were on Land, he went before vs and turned
| covs,and jaid; A wasbut our Seruant,and our Guide. Hee ledd
vs through three faire Streers, And all the way we went,ther
were gathered {ome People on both fides,ftanding in a Row,
But in fo ciuill a fafhion, as if ic had beene,not co wonder at
vs, but to welcome vs : And diuers of them, as we pafled by
them, puc their Armes a little abroad; whith is their Gefture,
when they bid any welcome. The Strangers Houfe isia faire
and {pacious Houle, buikc of Brick, of fomewhat a blewer
Colour then our Brick ; And with hondfome windowes;
forme of Glaffe, fome of a kinde of Cambrick oyl’'d. He
brought vs firftinco a faire Parlour aboue ftaires, and then
asked vs; Wiat nunber of Perfons we were ? And bow many fick ?
we an{wered, We were inal, (fick and whole,) one and fifty Per-
Sons, whereof our fick were feuenteene. He defired vs to haue pa-
tience a little, and to ftay rill he came back to vs; which was
aboutan Houre after, And then hee led vs to fee the Cham-
bers,which were prouided for vs, being in number nineceene.
They hauing caft it( as ic feemeth) that foure of thofe Cham-
bers,which were better then the reft, might receiue foure of
the principall Men of our Company ; And lodge them alone
by themfelues ; And the other 15. Chambers were to lodge
ystwoand twotogetber. The Chambers were handiome
and cheerefull Chambers. and furnifhed ciuilly. Then he
ledd vs to a long Gallery, like a Dorture, where hee fhewed
ys all along the one fide( for the other fide was but walland
Window, feuenteen Cells, very neat ones, hauing partitions
of Cedar wood. which Gallery,and Cells being in all four-
ty, (many more then we needed, )were inftituted as an [nfir-
mary for fick Perfons. And he told vs withall, thatas any of
our Sick waxed well ,he might be remoued from his Cell,to
a Chamber: For which purpofe, there were fect forth ten

|

a

| Bi {pare

New Atlantis ©

fpare Chambers, befides the Number, we fpake. of before,
This done, he brought vs back to the Parlour, and lifting yp
his‘Cane alicrle, (asthey doe when they giue any Charge or
Commaund){aid tovs ; Yee are to know, that the Cuflome of the
Land requireth, that after this dzy and too morrow, ( Which we gine
ou for remooning of your people from your S. hipp,) yourare to kvepe
within deres for three dates. ‘But lett it not trouble you, nor doe not
think your.felues reftrained, but rather left to your Reft and Eafe.
You fhall want nothing, and there are fixe of our People appointed to
attend youy for any Bujines you may haue'abroad. VVee gave him
thankes swith all Affection and Refpedt,and faid; Gop furely
is manifefted in this Land. VV ee oftred ‘him alfo twenty Pifto-
letts;But he{miled,and onely faide; What ¢ rvice paid ! And fo
he left vs. Soone after our Dinner was ferued in, Which was
right good Viands, both for Bread, and Meate : Betterthen
any Collegiate Diettsthat { haue knowne in Europe VVe had
alfo Drinke of threeforts,allwholefome and good; Wine of
the Grape;A Drink of Graine;fuch as is with vs our Ale,but
morecleare: Arid \a kinde of Sider made of a Fruit of that
‘Cuntry ; A wonderfull pleafing and Refrefhing Drink. Be-
fides, cher were brought in to vs, great {tore of thofe Scarlett |
Orengés;for our Sick; which (they faid)were an aflured Re- |
medy for ficknes taken at Sea,T her was giuen vs alfo,a Boxe
of {mall gray,or whitifh Pills, which they wifhed eur Sicke
fhould take,one of theP ills euery night before {leepe,which
(theyfaid )would haften their Recowery. The next day, after |
thatour Trouble of Cariage, & Remouing of our Men,and |
Goods, out of our Shipp, was fomewhat fetled and quiett; I
thought good to call our Company together,and when they
were aflembled,faid vnto them; My deare Friends; Let vs know
our felues,and how it Randeth w:th vs. We are Men caft on Land,as
Ionas was, out of the Whales Belly, when we Were as buried tn the
Deepe: And now we areon Land, wee are'but between Death and
Life; For wwe are beyond,both the Old World,and the New, And whe-
ther ener wee fhall fre Europe,Gon onely knoweth. It is a hindeof
Miracle hath brought vs hither : And it muf} bee little leffé, that
hall bring vs hence. Therefore in regard of our Delinerance pa/t and

our

a ng

EE a ee a

ee Fr a EP ae Fes Ps

ae. oS

Sg EOE

New Atlantis.

our danger prefent, and to come,let vs looke yp to Gop, and enery
man veforme his owne Wwayes. Bofides wee are come here amongft a
Chriftian People, full of Piety and Humanity: Let vs not bring
that Confufion of face wpon our felues, as to fhew our vices, or Uns
Worthineffe before them. Yet there ts more. For they haue by Comman-
dement, (ihvugh in forme of (Courtefie) Cloiftered vs within thefe
Walls for three dayes s Who Anowe th, whether it be not,to take fome
taf? of our manners and conditions? And if they finde them bad, to
bani[h vs fRreight-wayes ; If good,to give vs further time, For thefe
Men, that they bane ginen vs for Attendance, may Withall haue an
eyevponys. Therefore for Gonos louc, and as we loue the weale of
ovr Soules and Bodies, let-vs fo bebaue our felues, as ee may be at}
peace With Gon, and may finde grace inthe Eyes of this People.Our
Company with one voice thanked me for my good Admo-
nition, and promifed me to line foberly and ciuilly, and
without giuing any theleft occafion of Offence.So we fpent
our three dayes ioyfully, and without care, in expectation
what would be done with ys,when they were expired. Du-
ring which time, we had euery houre toy of the Amend-
ment of ovr Sick; who thought themfelues caft into fome
Diuine Poole of Healing, They mended fo kindely and fo faft.
‘T he Morrow after our three dayes were paft, ther came to
vs anew Man,that we had not feen before,clothed in Blew
as the former was, faue that his Turban was white witha |
{mall red Crofle onthe Topp. He had alfo a Tippet of fine
Linnen. AthisComming in, he did bend to vsa little, and
put his Armes abroad. Wee of our parts faluted him in a very
lowly and fubmifsiue manner, Aslooking that from him,

wee fhould receyue Sentence of Life,or Death. He defired to

{peak with fome few of vs:Wherupon fixe of vs onely ftaied,
and the reft auoyded the Roome. He faid , I am by Office Gow
uerner of this Houfe of Strangers and by Vocation I am a Chriftian
Prieft , And therfore am come to you,to offer you my feruice, both as
Strangers, and chiefly as Chriftians. Some things I may tell you,
which Ithinke you will not be ynwilling to heare. The State hath gi-
wen you Licence to ftay on Land,for the {pace of fixe weekes : And let
it not trouble you, if your.occafions aske further time, for the Law in

| bz this

8

Goel

New Atlantis.

this point s not precife, And I doe not doubt,but my felfe [hall be able,
to ebtaine for yeu Juch further time,as may be conuenient.Yee fhall al- |
fo vnderftand, that the Strangers Houle, is at this time Ruch, and
much aforchand ; For it hath layd up Renenew thefe 47. yeares :
For fo long it is, fince any Stranger arrined in this part: And there
fore take yee no care ; The State will defray you all the time you ftay:
Neither fhall you flay one day the le/Se for that. As for any Merchane
dixe yee haue broughtyec fhall be well vfed,and haue your returne,ei-
ther in Merchandize, orin Gold and Siluer : For toys it is all one.
And if you bane any ether Requeft to make,bide it not. For yee fhall |
finde, we will not make your Countenance tofall, by the Anfwer ye
fhall receine. Onely this I muft tell you,that none of you muft goe a-
boue a Kaxan,(that is with them a Miie and an halfe )from the
walles of the Citty, without efpeciall leane We an{wered, after we
had looked awhile one vpon an other, admiring this graci-
ousand parenc-like viage; That we could not tell what to fay:
For we wanted words to expreffe our Thankes ; And his Noble free
Offers left vs nothing to aske.It feemed to vs,that we had beforevs
a piétureof our Saluation im Heauen : For wee that were a while
Jince in the Iatwes of Death were now brought into a place,where we
found nothing but (onfolations. For the Commandement laid cvpon
wus, we would not faile to obey it, though it was impofsible, but our
Hearts {hould be enflamed to tread further vpon this Happy and
Holy Ground. Wee added , ‘That our Tongues fhould firft cleaue to
the Roofes of our Mouthes ere we fhould forget, either his Reuerend
Perfon,or this whole Nation,in our Prayers. Wee alfo mofthum-
bly befought him, to accept of vs as his trueferuants, by as
iuft a Right,as euer Men on Earth were bounden, laying and
prefenting, both our Perfons, and all we had,at his feete. He
faide, He was a Prieft, and looked for a Priefts reward; which was
our Brotherly loue, and the Good of our Soules and Bodies. So he
went from vs,not without teares of Tenderneffe in his Eyes,
| And leftvs alfo confufed with loy and Kindneffe, faying a-
mongft our felues; That Wee were come into a Land of Angels,
Which did appeare tovs dayly,and preuent vs with Comforts, which
we thought mot of, much leffe expeéted.
The next day about 10. of the Clocke, the Gouernour
came

New Atlantis.

came to vs againe, and after Salutations, {aid familiarly, That
he Was come tovifit vs; And called for aChaire, and fatt him
downe ; And we being fome 1 0. of vs,(the reft were of the
meaner ort; or elfe gone abroad; ){ace down with him.And
when we were fett,he began thus. Wee of this I/land of Ben/a-
lem (for {o they callicin their Language) bane this; That by
meanes of oxr folstary Situation , and of the Lawes of Secrecy, which
we haue for our Trauelers: and our rare Admiffion of Strangers ,
we know well moft part of the Habitable World,and are our felues
cunknowne. Therefore tecaufe be that knoweth leaft, is fitte/? to
aske Qucftions, it is more Reafon, for the Entertainment of the time,
that yee aske mee Queftions, then that Laske you. Wee anfwered;
That wee humbly thanked him, that hee would gine vs leane fa to
doe: And that wee conceiued by the taft wee had already, that ther
was no Worldly thing on Earth, more worthy to bee knowne, then the
State of that happy Land. But aboue all (wwe faid) fince that wee
were mett from the feucrall Ends of the world; and hoped affuredly,
that wee fhonld meete ene day inthe Kingdome of Heauen ( for
that wee were both parts Chriftians ) wee defired to know in rez
fpe& that Land was foremote, and fo diuided by vaft and vn-
knowne Seas, from the Land, wher our SAviovR walked on Earth)
who was the Apoftle of that Nation, and bow it was connerted to
the faith?[t appeared in his face, that he tooke great Content-
ment in this our Queftion: He faid, Yee kxitmy Heart to you,
by asking this Quefion in the firft place; For it fheweth that you
Firft feeke the Kingdome of Heauen; 4nd I/hall gladly, and
briefly, fatisfie your demaund.

About twenty Yeares after the Afcenfion of our SaviovR, it came
to paffe, that ther was feen by the people of Renfula, (aCitty vpon
the Eafterne Coaft of our Ifland,)within Night, (the Night was
Cloudy and Calme, )as it might be fome mile into the Sea,asreat Pil.
lar of Light ; Not fharp,but in forme of a Colamne,or Cylinder, ri-
fing from the Sea, a great way vp towards Hleauen ; and on the topp
of it was /eenea large Croffe of Light, more bright and refplendent

then the Body of the Pillar. Vpon which fo ftrange a Speétacle, the

People of the (itty gathered apace together vpon the Sands, towon-

ins And fo after put ual number of {mall Baates to goe
3

nearer

New Atlantis.

nearer to this Marucilons Aght.But when the Boates were come with-
in (about ) 60. yeards of the Pillar they found themfelues all bound,
ana could goe no further . yet fo as they might moue to goe about, but
might not approach nearer: So as the Boates ftosd all as ita Thea-
ter, bebolding this Light, as an Feauenly Signe. It fo fell out, that
ther mas inone of the Boates, one of the Wife Men, of the Society o
Salomons Houle,which Houle,or Colledge (my good Brethren)
is she very Eye of this Kingdome ; Wig hauing a while attentigely
and deuoutly viewed, and contemplated this Pillar and Croffe, fell
downe ypon his face;And then ray/ed him/elfe vpon his knees and lift
ting vp bis Hands to Heauen,made hs prayers in this manner,

Ord God of Heauen and Earth; thou haft
vouch/afed of thy Grace,to thofe of our Order, to
know thy H’orkes of Creation,and the Secrets of them,
And to difcerne (as farre as appertaineth to the Ge-
nerations of Men) Between Dinine Miracles, We orks
of NC ature,W orkes of Art, and Fmpoftures and Illu-
fins of all forts. Ldoe here acknowledge and teftife
before.this People; that the Thing which we now fee
before our eyes,tsthy Finger,and atrue Miracle. And
for-as-much,as we learne in our Bookes, that thoune-
uer workeft Miracles, but toa Diuine and Excellent
End, Cfor the Lawes of Nature are thine avne
Lawes, and thou exceedeft them not but vpon great
caufe) wee moft humbly befeech thee, to profper this
reat Signe ; And to gine vs the Fnterpretation and
vfe of it in Mercy, Which thou doft in fome part fe-
cretly promife, by fending it unto ys. |

When he had made his Prayer, hee prefently found the Boate he
was in,moneable and vnbound, whereas all the ref? remained flillfaft,
And taking that for an afSurance of Leaue to approach, he caufed the}
Boate

NCew Atlantis.

| Boate to be fa aft send with filence,rowed towards the Pilla, But ere
i he came neere it,the Pillar and Crofle of Light brake sup, and cafP | .
| it felfe abroad,as it were,into a Firmament of many Starres ; which
| al/o-vanifhed foone ifoanis dnd ther»was nothing left to be foen, but a
Jmall Arke,or Chet? of Cedar dry, and not wett at al with water,
though it foam tdi the Heargland of it, which Was towards him,
grew a fmal! greene Branch, of Palric . And: when the wife Man had
taken it, with all reuerence,into his Beste, it opeited of it felfesand ther
Tere Fates init,aBooke,and a Letter, Both written in fine Parch-
ment, and wrapped inSindons of Linen. The Booke conteined all
| the Canonicall Bookes of the Old aud New Teltamtntsaccor-
| ding asyou hane thems (For we know Well what the Churches with
jou receine; )Andthe Apocalypfe we felfe; And fome other Bookes of
the New Teftament\ which were'not at that time written, were ne-
eet in the Book. 4 And for the aie it Was in mc words. |

WOOD

Batthivloriew: a » Sera of the High? ya

Apoftle of TESY s Ca RIST, was warned by
an Angell, that appeared tome, ina, vifion of Glory, |
that] ould commit this Arke.to the flouds of | the Sea.
| Therefore, Idoe teftifie and declares unto that Peo
ple, where Gov ‘hall ordaine this Arke tecome to
Land, that in the fame day, 48 come vnto thent Salua-
tion and Peace,and Good Kill from the ‘Rather sand

fromtheLon D: les Vs.

There was alfo in both the/e writings, as vel 2 eBoeka as the
Letter, wrought a great Miracle, (oafornie to that of the Apofiles,
in the Originall Gift of Tongues. For there being at that time, in
this Lani, Hebrewes, Perfians, aud Indians, hefides the Natines,
“euery ene redd vpon the Booke,and Letter,asif they had been write
ten in bis owne Language. And thus Was this Land faued from In-
fidelity, (as the Remaine of the Old World was from Water) ‘by an
Ark,through the Apoftolicall ¢* Miraculous Euangelifme of Saint |
Bartholomew. And here hee pauled;and a Melenger came, |

12 New Atlante.
and called him from vs. So this was all that pafled in that
Conference,

The next Day, the fame Gouernor came againe to ys, im-
mediately after Dinner,and exculed himfelfe,taying; That the
Day before, he was called from rs, fomewhat abruptly, but now he!
Would make vs amends, and {pend time with vs, if we held his Com-
pany and Conference agreabl’. Wee anfwered; T hat wee bel it fo
agreeable and pleafing to vs as wee forgot both Dangers paft, and
Feares tocome, for the time wee heard lim fpeake; And that wee
thouglt an Floure [pent with him, Was worth Yeares of our former
life. He bowed himtelfe alittle to vs,and after we were fet a-
gaine, he faide ; Well,che Queftions are on your part. One of our
Number faid, after a little Paufe; That there as a Matter, wee
were no leffe defirous ta know, then frarefull to aske, leaf? wee might
prefum: too farre. But encouraged by his rare Humanity towards ys,
(that could fcarce thinke our flues Strangers, being Lis vowed and
profeffed Seruants,) wwe would take the Hardinzs to propound it:
Humbly bef eching him yf hee thouyhe it net fit to bee anfwered, that
hee would pardonit though he reie€ted it. Wee {aid ; Wee well obfere
ued thofe his words which hee formerly fpake,that thts happy I/lind,
where we now flood, was knowne to few, and yct knew mof of the
Nations of the World’, which we found to Le true, confidering they
had the Languages of Europe, and knew much of our Sate and Bu-
fines; And yet we in Europe, (notwith/landing all the remete Difco-
neries and Nauigations of this laft Age neuer beard any of the leaf?
Inkling or Glimje of this Ifland. This we found wonderfull frrange;
For that all Nattons haue Enterknowledge one of another, either by
Voyage into Forraigne Parts,or by Strang:rs that come tothem: And
though the Tranailer into a Forreine Countrey, doth commonly know
more by the Eye, thnhe that flayeth at home can by relation of the

Travail; Yet both wayes fuffice to make a mutuall Knowledge, in
Some degree, on bath parts. But for this I/land, wee newer heard tell
of any Shipp of theirs, that had been feene to arrive vpon any fhore of
Europe ; No, nor of either the Eatt or Weft Indies, nor yet of any
Shipp of any other part of the World, that had made returne from
them. And yet the Maruell refted not in this. For the Situation of tt
(45 bis Lordfhip faid, ) in the fecret (onclaue of fuch a vaft Sea
, mought

—— ee

Pare a a i i ace a

al li =

New Atlantis.

monght caufe it. But then, that they fhould haue K nowledge of the
Languages, Bookes, Affaires, of thofe that lye fuch a diftance from
them, it was a thing wee could not tell what to make of ; For that it
Jecmed to vs a condition and Propriety of Dinine Powers and Be-
ings, to bee hidden and vnfeene to others, and yet to hane others open,
and 4s ina light to them, Atthis (peach the Gouernour gaue a

gracious file, and fayd ; That wedid well to aske pardon for

this Queftion we now asked; ae that it imported, as if we thought
this Land, a Land of Magicians, that fent forth Spirits of the 4s lyre
into all parts, to bring them Newes and I ntelligence of other Coune
tries. It was anfwered by vs ail, in all pofsible humblenes,
but yet with a Countenance taking knowledge, that wee
knew that he {pake it but merrily; That we were apt enough to
think, ther mas fomewhat fupernaturall in this Ifland, but yet rather
as Angelicall then Magicall. But to let bis Lordfhip know truly, what
it was, that made vs tender and doubtful toaske this Queftion,it was
not any Such conceit, but becaufe wee remembred, he had giuena
Touch in his Sainet Speach, that this Land had Lawes of Beeieey
touching Strangers. To this he faid; You remember it aright: And
therefore t in that I fhall fay to you, I muft referue fome particulars,
which it is not lawful for mee to reneale; but there will bee enough
left, to gine you /attsfa€tion.
You [hall vnderftand (that which perhaps you will [carce think cree
dible) that about three thoufand Yeares agoe, or fomewhat more,the
Nauigation of the World ( {pecially for remote Voyages ) was greater
then at this Day. Doe not thinke With your felues, that 1 know not
how much it is encreafcd with you, within thefe fixe [core Yeares : I
know it well; And yet I fay, greater then, thannow: Whether it
was, that the Example of the Ark, that faued the Remnant of Men,
from the vniuerfall Deluge,gaue Men confidence to aduenture yp-
onthe Waters ; Or what it was ; but fuch is the Truth. The Phoeni-
ceans,and pecially the Tyrians, had great Fleetes. So had the Car-
chaginians their Colony which ts yet further We/t. Toward the Eaft
the Shipping of Egypt, and of Paleftina was likewife great. China
alfa, and the great Atlantis, (that you call America) which have
now but Iunks and Canoa's abounded then in tall Ships. This Iflind,

(as appeareth by fathfall Reser of ‘thofe times ) bad then fifteene
ee a mdred he ed

14. New Atlantis.

hundred ftrong Ships, of great content. Of all this, there is With yon
Jparing Memory, or none ; But we hane large Knowledge thereof.
At that time,this Land was knowne and frequented by the Ships

and Veffells of all the Nations before named. And (as st commethto|
paffe) they had many times Men of other Countries, that were na
Saylers that came with them ; As Perfians,Chaldeans,Arabians
So as almoft all Nations of Might and Fame reforted hither, O,
whom we haue fome Stirps, and little Tribes with vs, at this day.
And for onr owne Ships, they went fundry Voyages , as Well toyour
Streights, which you call the Pillars of Hercules, As to other parts|
ia the Atlantique and Mediterrane Seas, As to Paguin, (which)
is the fame with Cambaline) and Quinzy, upon the Orientall

Seas, as farre as to the Borders of the Eaft Tartary.
At the fame tinc,and an Age after,or more,the Inhabitants of the
great Atlantis did flourifh. For though the Narration and De/crips
tion, which is made by a great Man with you, that the Defcendents
of Neptune planted there ; and of the Magnificent Temple,Pallace,
Citie, and Hill ; And the manifold ftreames of goodly Nauigable
Riners, (which as fo many Chaines enuironed the fame Site, and
Temple, ) And the feuerall Deorces of Afcent,wherby Men did climb
vp tothe fame, as if it had bin a Scala Celi ; be all Poeticall and Fa-
bulous : Yet fomuch is true, that the faid Country of Atlantis; As
| well that of Peru then called Coya, as that of Mexico then named)
Tyrambel »were mighty and proud Kingdomes,in Armes, Shipping,
and Riches : So Mighty,as at one time, (or at leaf? within the fpace
of 1.0. Yeares,) they both made two great Expeditions . They of
Tirambel through the Atlantique to the Mediterrane Sea, and
they of Coya through the South Sea vpon this our Ifland : And for
| the former of thefe, which was into Europe, the fame Authour a
| mong/Ryou, (asitfcemeth,) had fime relation from the Egyptian
Prieft whom he citeth For affuredl {uch athing ther was. But whee
ther it were the Ancient Athenians, that had the glory of the Ree
pulfe,and Refiftance of thofe Forces I can fay nothing : But certaine
it #5, there neuer came backe, either Ship, or Man, from that Voyage.
Neither had the other Voyage of thofe of Coya vpon vs, had better
fortune, if they had not met with Enemies of greater clemency. For
the King of this I land, (by name Altabin, Ja wife Man, and a great
Warrier ;

- ~ io

New Atlantis.

Warrier ; Knowing well both bis owne firength, and that of his Ene-
mies ; bandled the matter [o, ashe cut off their Land-Forces, from
their Ships , and entoyled bath their Nauy, and their Campe, with a
greater Power then theirs beth by Sea and Land: And compelled them
to render them/elues without ftrikung ftroke : And after they Were at
his Mercy,contenting bimfelfe onely with their Oath, that they fhould
nomare beare Armes againf? him, difmiffed them all in fafety, But
the Diuine Reuenge onertaoke not long after thofe proud Enters
prifes. For within lefse then the {pace of one Flundred Yeares, the
Great Atlantis was vtterly loft and deftroyed: Not by.a great
Earthquake,as your Man faith ;(For that whole Tract és little fube
ie&F to Earthquakes; ) But by aparticular Deluge or Inundation ;
Thofe Countries hauing, at this Day, farr greater Riners, and farr
bigher Moyntaines, topoure downe waters, then any part of the Old
World. But it ts trae, that the fame Inundation was not deepe , Not

paft fourty foote in moft places from the Ground; So that although tt
_deftroyed Man and Beaft generally, yet omefew wild Inhabitants
(of the Wood efcaped Bird? alfo were faued by flying to the high Trees
and Woods.For as for Men, although they bad Buildings in many plaz
ces shigher then the Depth of the Water ; Yet that Inundation,though
it were fhallow, bad a long Continuance ; whereby they of the Vale,
that were mot-drowned, pert{hed for want of Food, and other things
‘neceffary.So as maruaile you not at the thin Population of America,
nor at the Rudeneffeand Ignorance of the People , For you muft ac-
‘count your, Inbabitants of America as a young People . Younger a
thoufand yeares,at the leaft, then the reft of the World . For that ther
was fo much time, betweene the Vniuerfall Floud, and their Parti-
| cularInundacion, For the poore Remnant of Humane Seed, which
remained intheir Mountaines, Peopled the Countrey againe flowly,by
little and little; And being fimple and fauage People, ( Not like
Noah ard bis Sonnes,. which was the chiefe Family of the Earth )
they were not able to-leane Letters, Arts, and (iusllity, to their
Pofteritys:And haning likewife in their, Montanous Hlabitas
tions. beene wfed , (in refpet. of the extreame Cold of thofe
|Regions;:):to cloath themfelues with the Skinns of Tygers,
| Beares, and gréat Flsiry Goates , that they have in thofe Parts;
When after. they came downe into the Valley, and faund a
,] c2 Intel-

5

Se eee

| antt People Flappy. He therefore eaking> into Gonfide

New Atlantis.

Intolerable Heates which are there, and knew no meanes of lighter
Apparell ; they were forced to beerin the Cuftome of Going Naked,
which continueth at this day. Onely they take great pride and de-
light, in the Feathers of Birds ; And this alfothey tooke from thofe
their Aunceftours of the Mountaines, who were muited ~nto it,
by the infinite Flights of Birdes, that came up tothe high Grounds,
while the Waters ftood below.So you fee, by this maine Accident o
Time, wee loft our Traffique with the Americans, with whom, o
all others, in regard they lay neareft to vs, Wee had moft ( ommerce.
As forthe other Parts of the World, it 1 moft manifeft , that in
the Ages following, (whether it were inrefpect of Warres, or by a
naturall Renslution of Time, ) Nanigation did every wher greatly
decay, And {pecially farre Voyaces,( therather by the vfe of Callies,
and fuch Veffells as could hardly brooke the Ocean, ) were altogether
deft and omitted. So then, that part of Entercaurfe, which could bee
sfromother Nations, to Sayle to vs, you fee how it bath long ince
ceafed' Except it were by fome rare Accident; as this of yours. But
now of the CefSition of that ot/er Part of Entercourfe, which monghe
be by our Sayling toother Nations Imujt yeeld you fome other Caufe,
For I cannot fay,( if I [hall /ay truely, ) but our Shipping, for Nuwms t
ber, Strength, Marriners, Pylets, and all things that appertaine to
Nanigation, is as great asener, And therefore why we fhould fitat |
home, I hall now give you an account by it felfe; And it Will draw |
nearer; tu gine you fati: faétion, to your principal Queftiony . 8 |
There raigned in this Iflindy about 1-900. yeares"agoe, a |
King; whofe memory: of all others we ‘moft adores» Not Sia}
perftitionfly, butasa Dinine Jufiriment, though a Moreall Man’: |
His Name was Solamona: And we eftieme him asthi Law-gis
uer of our Nation. This King »had a large heaves) inforutas |
ble. for good’; And was Wholly “bent to make: eae
ton,

how fufficient and fubjtantine this Land was 5 tovnaintainerit felf

without any and ( at all ) of the Forrainer > Being 6 OO.
Miles in circuit, and: of rare) Fertility of Sayle, in che ereuteft
part thereof And findmg alfo the Shipping of this: Country |
monyht bee plentifully fit on\worke, both by \Fifbing; and by
Tranfportations from Port: to Port, and likewise by Sayling

yn

Neew Atlantis.

conto fome fmall Iflands that arenot farre. from vs, and are onder
| the Crowne and\Lawes of this State; And recalling into bis Me
mory, the bappy and flourifhing Bftate wherein this Land then was,
So as it moaght beea thoufand Wwayes altered to the worfe, but fcarfe
any one Way to the better; thought nothing wanted to his Noble and |
Hleroicall Intentions, but onely (as farr as,.Flumane forefight |
|. mought reach ) to gine perpetvitie te that, which Wasi bis time |

0 happily eftablifhed. Therefore amon ft bis other Fundamental |
| Lawes of this Kingdome, be did ondaine the Inter dééts. and Probi- |
| Eitions, which wee haue’ touching Entrance of Strangers, which at
that time ( thonzh it as after the Calamity of America) as fre-
quent, Doubting Nomelties, and, Commixture of Manners. It is
true, thelike Law, againft the AdmifSion of Strangers without Li-
}cenfe, isan Ancient Law, in the Kingdome of China, and yet con-
| tinued in. fe. But ther it is 4, poore Thing And bath made them a
‘curious, ignorant, fearefull, foolifh\Nation..., But our Lavy-giuer
jimade his Law of anether tempers, For finft; bee hath preferued all
| points of Eddmanity, in taking Order, and making Prousfion for. the
| Reliefe of Strangers -difixeffed whereof you bane tafteds > At
| which Speach (as xeaion was} wee all rofe vp, and\ bowed
jour felues.| Hee went 09. ThatKing alfe /iill defiring to ieyne
| Eumanity and Pollicy togethers, And, thinking it againft Humani-
ty, to detaine Strangers here againft thew wills ; And againf? Pol-
| ligy,, that they fhouid returne, and,difCouer'their Knowledge of this
iL Efftate,, he tooke this (surfe : Fie did ordame, that of the Strangers,
that fhould.be permitted to Land, .as many. (at all times) monght
depart \as Would; Bat as-many-as Would flay, fhould haue ve-
ry ,g00d Conditions, and Meanes;to lines. from the State. Wherein
bee far Jo farre, that now in jo niany Ages fine the Prolubition, wee
-hane memory. not of one Shipp that-ewer returned) and bit of tha~
teene Per fons only, at fuerall times, ‘that chofeto returne in our
Begomes, What thofe feo. thatreturned may bane reported abroad I)
knopnot. Bat youmrft thinke, Whatfacuer they: hane faid, could '
bee.taken where. they.came, but. for a. Dreame. Now. for our
Tranelling from, hence into Parts. abroad, our Lavyy-giuer
| chought fit altogether to reftraine it. So is.it not in China. For
the, Chinefes /ayle where they will, or can; tehich fheweth, ae
t al? C3 theiv

\

~~

NOew Atlantis.

oe smmjuinicasaiehdsttbiertae racial hie ua tiiete tain 5 cia
their Law of Keecping out Strangers, ts a Law of Pufillanmity, and} -
| feares But this reftravit of ours, hath one onely Exception, which
| is. admirable ; Preferuing the good which commeth by communica.
ting with Strangers,and anoyding the Hurt; And I wall now openit
toyou And bere Lfhall feemea little to digreffe, but you will by and
by finde it pertinentsYee fhall vnderfland, (my deare Friends, ) that
among /tthe Excellent A&s of that King, one aboue all hath the pres
heminenceoIt was the Ereétion, and Inftitution of an Order, or So-|
| ciety, which wee call Salomons Houle; The Noble/t Foundati-
on, (as Wee think”,)that ener Wasvpon the Earth, And the Lantherne
of this Kinedome. It is dedicated to the Study of the Works, and
Creatures of Gop. Some thinke it beareth the Found.rs Name a
| little corruptedy as if it fhould be Solamonass Hovle. But the
| Records write st; as it is fhoken.. So as Itake it to bee denominate of
| the King of the Hebrewes, which is famous with you, and ne
Strangersta vs. For wee baue fome Parts of bis workes, Which wi
you are lofts ‘Namely that Natorall Hi (tory, which he Wrote of |
Plants, fron the Cedar of Libanus, to the Mofle that growe
our of the wall; And of ali things that haue Life and Motion.
Thismakethme thinke,thabaar King finding him/elfe to Symbolixe,
inmany thrgs, With that Kine of the Hebrewe:s ( which lined maz
nyyeares before bim ) honoured him with the Title of this Foundation,
| And Dannrhe rather induced to be of this Opinion, for that I finde
| in ancient Records, this Order or Societie is fometimes called
Salomons Houfe; And fometomes the Colledge of the fixe
Daies Workes: wherby I am. fatisficd, That our Excellent
King bad learned fron the Hebrewes; That Gov had created
the World; and all that therin is, within jixe Dayes. And therefore
hee inftituting that Houle, for the firding one of the tre Nature
-of all; Things, ( whereby Gov wmought haue the more Glory
inthe Workemanfhip of them, \and Men the more fruit in theofe
of them, .) did gine st alfp ‘that’ fecond Name. But weib to
come to.ourprefent parpofe, When the King had forbidedonys ta
| all his People, Nauieation into’ any Party that was rot onder
bis Crome, heomade nevertheleffe this Ordinance ; That enery
twelve yeares thersfhould be fet forth, out of this Kingdome; two
Shipps, appointed to. fenerall Voyages , That in either-of thifé
Vey Hop Shipps,

i

—— eee

New Atlantis.

Shipps, ther fhould be a Mi/sion of three of the Fellowes, or Bre-
thren of Salomons Houle ; whofe Errand was onely to gine zs
Knowledge of the Affaires and State of thofe Countries to which they
Were defigned ; And e/pecially of the Sciences, Arts, Manufaétures,
and Inuentions of all the World ; And withall to bring vntowvs,
Bookes ,Inftruments, and Patternes,in euery kinde : That the Ships,
after they had landed the Brethren, fhould returne , And that the
Brethren /hould ftay abroad till the new MifSion. Thefe Ships are not
otherwifefraught,then with Store of Viétualls and good Quantitie of
Treafire toremaine with the Brethren, for the buying of fuch
Things,and rewarding of [uch Perfons as they fhould thinke fit. Now
for me to tell you, bow the Vulgar fort of Marriners are contained
from being difcouered at Land; And how they that muft be put on [here
for any time, colour themfelues vnder the Names of other Nations ;

And to what places thefe Voyages haue beene defigned, And what

places of Rendez-Vous are appointed for the new Mi/Sions ; And
the like Circumftances of the Praétique ; I may not docgt ; Neither

ts it much to your defire. But thus yon fee, wee maintaine a Trade,

not for Gold, Siluer, or lewels ; Nor for Silkes ; Nor for Spi-

ces; Nor any other Commodity of Matter ; But onely for Govs

firft Creature, which was Light: To haue Light (I/ay) of the

Growth of all Parts of the World. And when hee had {aid

this, he was filent ; And fo were wee all. For indeed’
wee were all aftonifhed, to heare fo ftrange things

fo probably told. And hee perceiuing, that wee were

willing to fay fomewhat, but had it not ready, in

great Courtefie tookevs off, and defcended to aske vs Que-

ftions of our Voyage and Fortunes, and inthe end conclu-

ded, that wee mought doe well, to thinke with our {elues,

what Time of {tay wee would demand of the State, And

bad vs not to {cant our felues; For he would procure fuch

time as wee defired. Wherevpon wee all rofe vp, and pre- |

fented our felues to kifle the skirt of his Tippet; But he
would not fuffer vs; and fo tooke his leaue. But ——
came once amongft our People, that the State vfed to offer
Conditions to Strangers, that would ftay, wee had Worke
enoughto get any of our Men to looke to our Shipp ; And

| to

19

New Atlantis.

tokeepe them from going prelently tothe Gouernour, to
craue Conditions. Sut with much adoe wee refrained them,
till we mought agree what Courle to take.

We took our felues now for free men, feeing ther was no
danger of our vtter Perdition;And liued moft ioyfully going
abroad,and feeing what was to be {een,in the Citty,and pla-
ces adiacent, within our Tedder; And obtaining Acquain-|
tance with many of the Citty, nor of the meaneft Quallity ,
At whofe hands we found fuch Humanity, and fuch a Free-| _
dome and defire,to take Strangers, as it were, into their Bo-
fome, as was enough to make ys forget all that was deare to}
vs,in our owne Countries: And continually we mett with
many things,right worthy of Obferuation, & Relation : As
indeed, if ther be a Mirrour in the World, worthy to hold
Mens Eyes, it is that Countrey. One day there weretwoo
our Company bidden to a Feaftof the Family, as they callit,
A moft Naturall,Pious, & Reuerend Cuftome itis, fhewing
that Nation to be compounded of all Goodnes. Thisis the |
manner of it, Itis granted to any Man, that fhallliue to fee
thirty Perfons, defcended of his Body, aliue together, and all
aboue 3. yeares old, to make this Fea/?, which is done at the
Coft of the State. The Father of the Family, whom they call
the Ti/an, two dayes before the Fea/?, taketh tohim three of
fuch Friends as he liketh to chufe, And is alsifted alfo by the
Gouernour of the Cirty, or Place, where the Fesf is celebra-
ted ; And all the Pe»/ons of the Family, of both Sexes, are fum-
moned to attend him. Thefe two dayes the /ir/an fitteth in
Confultation,concerning the good Eftate of the Family. Ther,
if ther be any Difcord or futes betweene any of the Family,
they are compounded and appeated. ‘Ther, if any of the
Family bee Diftrefled or Decayed, order is taken for their
Reliefe, and competent meanes to liue. Ther. if any bee
fubieét to vice, or take ill Courfes, they are reproued and
Cenfirred. So likewife, Direction is giuen touching Mar-
riages, and the Courfes of life, which any of them fhould
take, with diuers other the like Orders and Aduifes. The
Gouernour afsifteth, to the end, to put in Execution, by his

Publicke

New Atlantis. 21

i

Publicke Authority, the Decrees and Orders of the Tir/an,
ifthey fhould bee difobeyed ; Though that feldome nee-
deth , Such Reuerence and: Obedience they giue, to the
Order of Nature. The Tirfan doth alfo then, euer chufe|
one Man from amongft his Sonnes, to liue in Houfe with |
‘him: Who iscalled, euer after, the Sonne of the Vine. The
| Reafon will hereafter appeare. On the Fea/? day, the Fae
ther or Tir/an comameth foorth after Divine Seruice, intoa
large Roome, where the Feaft is celebrated ; Which Roome
hath an Halfe-Pace at the vpper end. Again{t the wall,
inthe middle of the halfe-pace, is aChairé placed for him,
with a Table and Carpet before it. Ouer the Chaire is
aState, made Round or Ouall, and it is of lay; An Tuy
fomewhat whiter then ours, like the Leafe of a Siluer
Aspe, but more fhining; Forit is greene all winter. And
the State is curioufly wrought with Siluer and Silke of di-
uers Colours, broyding or binding in theIuy; And is euer
of the worke, of fome of the’ Daughters of the-Family ,
‘And yailed ower at the Topp, with a fine Nett of Silke
and Siluer. But the Subftance of it, is true Iuy , wherof,
after it is taken downe, the Friends of the Family, are
defirous to haue fome Leafe or Sprigg to keepe. The Tir-
fan commeth forth with all his Generation or Linage, the
Males before him, and the Females following him ; And
if there bea Mother, from whofe Body the whole Linage
is defcended, there is a Trauerfe placed in a Loft aboue,
on the right hand of the Chaire, with a priuy Dore, anda
catued Window of Glafle, leaded with Gold and blew,
Wher fhee fitteth, but isnot feene. When the Tir/an 1s
come foorth, he ficteth dewne in the Chaite, And all che
Linage place themfelues againft the wall, both at his back,
and ypon the Returne of the Halfe-pace, in Order of their
yeares, without difference of Sexe, and ftand vpon their’
Feete. When hee is fetr, the Roome being alwaies full of
Company; but weil kept and without Diforder, after
fome paule, there commeth in from the lower ende of
‘the Reome, a Taratazx, (which isasmuch as an Herald. )
; And

———— lo anne

22

ee ee

Nee» Atlanta. )

And on either fide of him two young Lads; Wherof one
carrieth a Scrowle of their fhining yellow Parchment,
And the other a Clufter of Grapes of Gold. witha long
Foote or Stalke. The Herald, and Children, are cloathed
with Mantles of Sea-water greene Sattin; Buc the ee!
rals Mantle is ftreamed with Gold, and hath a Traine.
Then the Herald with three Curtefies, or rather Inclinat-
ons, commeth vp as farre as the Halfe-pace; And ther
firft taketh into his Hand the Scrowle. This Scrowle is
the Kings Charter, containing Guift of Reuencw, and
many Priuiledges, Exemptions, and Points of Honour,
granted tothe Father of the Family; And it is euer filed
and direfted; To fuch an one, Our wWelbeloued Friend and
Creditour : Which isa Title proper onely to this Cafe. For
they fay, the Kingis Debter to no Man, but for Propaga-
tion of his Subieéts, The Seale fet to the Kings Charter,
isthe Kings Image, Imboffed or moulded in Gold; And}
though fuch Charters bee expedited of Courfe, and as of
Right, yet they are varied by difcretion, according tothe
Number and Dignitie of the Family. This Charter the
Herald readeth aloud ; And while it is read , the Father
or Tirfan, ftandeth vp, fipported by two of his Sonnes,
fuch as heechoofeth. Then the Herald mounteth the Hal&
Pace, and deliuereth the Charter into his Hand: And with
that there is an Acclamation, by all that are prefent,
in their Language, which is thus much ; Happy are the peos
ple of Benfalem. Then the Herald taketh into his Hand
from the other Child, the Clufter of Grapes, which is of
Gold; Both the Stalke, andthe Grapes. But the Grapes]
are daintely enamelled ; And ifthe Males of the Famsly be
the greater number, the Grapes are enamelled Purple, with
a little Sunne fett on the Topp; Ifthe Females, then
they are enamelled into a greenifh yellow, with a Cre
fanton the Topp. The Grapes are in number as many
as there are Defcendents of the Family. ‘This Golden
Clufter, the Herald deliuereth alfo to the Tir/an; \Whopre-}
fently deliuereth it ouer, to that Sonne, that hee had for-

merly}

Sitetietentadialll
Sal

New Atlantis.

merly chofen, to bee in Houfe with him: Who bea-
reth it before his Father,.as an Enfigne of Honour, when
he gocth in publicke euer after; And is thereupon called
the, Sonne of the Vine. After this:Geremony ended, the
Father\or Tixfan retireth.-And after fome time commeth
forthagaine to Dinner, where he fitreth alone vnder the
State, \as before; And\none of his Defcendants fic: with
him, jof what Degree or’ Dignitie foeuer, except he hap
to. beof Salomons Honfe. Hees ferued onely by his owne
Children, fuch'as are Male ; who performe vnto himall
feruice,of the Table vpon the knee; And the Women
only ftand about him, leaning again the wall. The
Roome belowe the Haife-pace, hath Tables on the fides
for the Ghefts that are bidden, Who are ferued with
greatand comely order; . And towards the end of Din-
net (which in the greateft Feafts with them, lafteth neuer
_aboue an Houre and an halfe) there isan Hymne tung, va-
ried according to the Inuention of him that compofeth it;
(forsthey have excellent Poefie,) But the Subie& of it is,
(alwvayes,). the prayfes. of Adam, and Noah, and Abraham:

was the Father of the Faithfull : Concluding euer witha
Thankefgiuing for the Natinitie of our Sauour, in whofe
Birth the Births of all are onely Bleffed. Dinner being
done, the 7 irfan retireth againe , And having withdrawne
himfelfe alone into a place; where hee maketh fome pri-
uate Prayers, hee commeth foorth the third time, to giue
the Blefsing ; with all his Defcendants, who ftand about
him, asat the firft.. Then he calleth them forth by one
and by one, by name, as he pleafeth, though feldome the
Order of Age bee inuerted. The perfon that is called,
(the Table being before remoued, ) kneeleth downe be-
fore the Chaire, and the Father layeth his Hand, vpon
bis Head, or her Head, and giveth the Blefsing in thefe
Wordes ; Sonne of Benfalem, (or Daughter of Benfalem, ) thy
Father faith it; The-Man by whom thon haft Breath and Life
peaketh the word ; The Blefsing of zhe Euerlafting Father,
gels d2 ae the

Wherof the former two Peopled the World, and the laft}

23

tee

A ete

New Atlantis,’

the Prince of Peace, and the Holy Doue bee opon thee, anill
make the dayes of thy Pilgrimage, good, and many. This he
faith to eueryofthem: And that done, if there be any
his Sonnes, of eminent Meriteand Vertue, (fo they be not
aboue two, ) hee calleth for them againe;' “Aind faith, lay-
ing his Arme ouer their fhoulders, they ftanding ; Sonne’,
it is well yee are borne, gine God) the prayfe; and perfeweve't
the end. And withall deliuereth toeither of them a lew
made inthe Figure ofan Eare of Wheat, which they ever aft
ter weare in the frontof their Turban; or Hate. This done, }

they fall to Muficke.and dances, And other Recreations, af ,

ter their manner, for the reft of the day. This is the full or:
der of that Fea/?. 100 ¢
By that time, fixe or feuen Dayes were fpent, I was fallen
into ftraight Acquaintance, with a Merchant of that City}
whofe Name was Joabin, Hee was a Iew and (ircumcie
fed : Forthey haue fome fewe Stirps of Jewes, yet remai-
ning among them , whom ‘they leaue to their owne Reli-
gion, Which they may the beter doe, “becaufe they are
of a fatre differing Difpofition ‘from the Jewes in other
Parts. For whereas they hate chename of Curist; And
haue a fecret inbred Rancour againft the People amongft
whomthey liue ; Thefe (contrariwile) give vnto our Sa-
viove many high Attributes, and loue the Nation of Ben-
Jalem, extreamely. Surely this Man, of whom I fpeake,
would ever acknowleage, that Curist was borne of a
Virgin; And chat hee was more thena Man; And hee
would tell how G op made him Ruler of the Seraphims,
which guard his Throane ; And they call himalfo the
Milken Way, and the Eliah of the Me/siah; . And many o-
ther High Names ; which though they bee Inferiour to his
Diuine Maieftie, Yet they are farre from the Language of
other Jewes. And forthe Countrey of Benfalem, this Man}
would make noende of commendingit ; Being defirous
by Tradition among the [owes there, to haue it beleeued,
that che People thereof were of the Generations of Abra-
ham, by. anocher Sonne, whom they call Nachoran; And
that

oe

Neew Atlantis. 25

| that Mo/es by afeccret (abala ordained the Lawes of Ben/a-

| lew which they now vie; Aad. that when» the .Mé/sah
fhould come, and fit.in his Throne.at Fyiern/alem , the
King of Benfislem, fhould fit.2t his, feete., whereas other
Kings, fhould keepe a great diftance, . But yet fetting a-
| fide thete Iewi/h\ Dreames, the. Man was a wile Man; and
learned; and of great Pollicie, and excellently {eeneinthe
Lawes and. Cuftomes\ of that Nation. Amongft other
Difcourfes, one day, [ told him, [ was much affeted with
the Relation} had, from {ome of the Company, of their
Cuftome, in holding the Fea/? of the Family, For that (me
thought) I had neuer heard of a Solemnity, wherein Na-
ture did fo much prefide. And becaule Propagation of Fa-
| milies, proceedech from the Nuptia}l Copulation, I defired
to know of him, what Lawes) and .Cuftomes they..had
concerning Marriage; And whether they kept Matciage
well; And whether they were tyed to.one,Wite; For, that
‘wher Population is fo much affected, and fuch as.with
them it {eemed to be, ther 1s comimonly Permifsion of Plu-
rality ot Wines, To this he faids You bane, Reafou for,to com:
mend that excellent Inftitution of the Fealt of the Family. And
indeed wee hane Experience, that thofe Fami.tes, that are partakers
of the Bleffing of that Feaft, doe flourt/h and profber ener after,
aA ext ga diary ROGET MRM E ME Boe 5 $d Ty anid
tell you what 1 know. You fhall onder ftand; that there is not
under the Heauens, fo chaft a Nation, as this of Benfalem;
Nor fo free from all Pollution, or foulencffe. It is the Virgin of
the World, 1 remember, Ihaue redd in one of your European
Bookes, of an holy Hermit among/t you, that defired to fee the
Spirit of Fornication, and there appeared to him, a littl» foule
ugly Acthiope But ifhe had defied to fee the Spirit of Cha-
ftitie of Benfalem, st would bane appeared to him, in the lskee
nes of a faire beautifull Cherubin. For there is nothing, amongft
Mortall Men, more faire and admirable , then the Chaft Mindes
of this People. Know therefore, that with them ther are’ no
Stewes, nodiffolute Houfes, no Curtifans, nor any thing of that
kind. Nay they wonder ( with dete/tation).at.you in Europe, which
d3 permit

26

brupt will, Marriage is almof? expilfed. And therefore ther’ are
‘with you Jeene infinite Mens that marry not, but chufe ratheP a

New Atlante.

permit fuch things. Theyfay ye haue put Marrsage out of office :
Fer Marriage ts ofdained a’ Remedy for vnlawfull Concupifceriee ,
And Natural (oncupifetnice feemeth as'a [purr to Marriage. Bit
when Men hatie at hand a\ Remedy, more agreeable to their’ core

libertine and imipure'fingle Life, then’to be yoakéd in et
‘And’ many that doe marry, marry late, When the Prime’
Strength of thetr Yeares ts paft. And when they doe marry, ‘what
is Marriage 'to'them, but avery Bargaine ; Wherin ts fon he
Alliance, or Portion, or Reputation, with fome defire ( almoft in-
different) of 1ffué; And not the faithfull Nuptiall Vniow of Man
and Wife, that was firft inflituted, Neither is it pofSible, that
thofe that haue caf? away’ fo bafely, fo much of their i
fhould greatly efteeme Children, (being of the fame Matter.) as
ChaftMen doc. So Likewife during Marriage is the Cafe much
amended, as it ought to bee if thofe things were tolerated oneh
for necepfitie? "No, but they remiime fill as avery Affront t
Marriage: < The ‘Haunting of thofe diffolute places, ar refort to
Curtizans, ‘are'xto mere punifhed 'in Married Men, then in Bat-
chellers, And the depraned Cuftome'of change, and the Delight in
Meretricious Embracements, (wher finne is.turned into Art,)
maketh Marriage a dull thing, and a kind? of Impofition, or Taxe.
They heare you defend thefe things, as done to auoyd greater Buills ;
As Aduontries, Deflouring of Virgins, Vnnaturall luft, aud the
like. But they fay, this 1s a prepofterous Wi/dome , And they callit
Lot’s offer, who to faue his Guefts from abufing, Offired his
Daughters: Nay they fay further, That ther is little gained inthis ;
For that the fame Vices and Appetites, doe ftill remayne and a-
bound ; Vnlawfull Luft being like a Furnace, that if you Popp
the Flames altogether, it Will quench; But if you cine i
any vent, it Will rage. As for Mafculine Loue, they iad
touch of it; And yet ther are not, /o faithful and inniolate Frien
Shipps, in the world againe, as are ther: And to Speake gene
rally, (as I faidbefore,) I haue not read’ of any fuch Chaftity,
in any People, as theirs. And their vfuall fayme is, Thatwho-
foeuer is vnchaft cannot reacrence himielfe: Land they [ay ;
That

| : New Atlaniis.

That the Reuerence of a Mans felfe, is, nexe Religion, the
chiefelt Bridle of all Vices. And when hee had faid
this, the good Jew pawfed a little ; Whereupon, I farr more
willing to heare him {peake on, then to fpeake may felfe; yer
thinking it decent, that vpon his paufe of Speech, I fhould’
not be altogether filent, laid onely this ; Tae 1 would fay to
him, as the Widow of Sarepta faid to Elias . that hee was come
to bring to Memory our Sinnes; And that 1 confeffe the Righte-
oufnefle of Benfalem, was greater then the Righteoufnelle of
Europe. At which fpeech hee bowed his Head, and
went oninthismanner. . They bane alfamany wife and excel»
lent Lawes. touching Marriage. They allow no Polygamy.
They baue ordained that none doe intermarry or contra, vntill a
Moneth bee paft from thetr firft Inter-viewe. Marriage with-
out confent.of Parents they; doe not make veyde, but they mul it
in the Inheritours : For the (hildren of fuch Marriages, are not
admitted toinherst, ‘aboue athird Pare of ther Parents Inheri-
| tance. Thane read ina Booke of one of your Men, of a Faig-
ned Common-wealth , wher the Married Cougle are permit
ted , before they Contract, to fee one another Naked... This'thzy }

diflike: For theythinke it 4 Scorne; to gine a Refu/all after fa
Familiar Knowledge: But becaufe of many hidden Defeéts in Me
and Womens Bodies, they haue a more Cinill Way: For they h
neare enery I owne,a Couple of Pooles, (which they call Adam a
Eues Pooles, ) wher it ts permitted to one of the friends of the |

Man, and another of the friends of the Woman, to fee them feueral-
ly bath Naked. Are :
And as wee were thus in Conference, ther came one
that feemed to bea Meflenger, in arich Huke, that {pake
with the Jew: whereupon hee turned to mee, and faid,
You will pardon mee,-for am I commanded away in haft. The
next Morning he came to mee againe, ioyfullas it feemed,
and faid ; There is word come to the Gouernour of the (itty,
that one of the Fathers of Salomons Houle, wll bee here this
day Seacn-night : Wee haue feene none of them this Dozen
Yeares. His Comming ss in State ; But the Caufe of bis com-
ming is fecret. Iwill preuide you, and your Fellowes; of a good
» Standing

New Atlantis:

Standing, to fee bis Entry. Athankedhiay, andtoldhim, J
was nioft glad of the Newes. The Day being come he made
his Entry. Hee was a Man of middle Stature, and Age,
comely of Perfon, andhad an Afpeét as if he pictied Men,
"He was cloathed in a Roabe of fine blacke Cloath , with
wide Sleeues , and a Cape. His ‘vnder Garment was
of excellent white “Linnen, downe\to the Foote ,. girt
with a Girdleof the fame, And a Sindon or'Tippett
of the fame about his Necke. Hee had Gloues, that
were curious , and fete with Scone ; And Shoes of Péeach-
coloured Veluet: * His Neck was baré to the Shoulders.
His Hatt was like a Helmet, or Spanti/h Montera Andhis
Locks curled’below it decently : They were of Colour
brownie. His Beard was ctitt round, and of the fame co-
Jour with his Haife, fomewhat lightet.’ He was carriedin
a rich Chariott without Wheeles, Litter-wile; With twe
Horfes at either'end, richly trapped’in blew Vellete Em-
broydered ,'and two Fogtmen on éach fide inthe likeAt-
tire. ‘The Chariott was ‘all of Cedar, gilt, and adorned
with Chry tall, Saue thattheFore-end had Pannells of Sap.
hires, fet in Borders of Gold; And the Hinder-end he
¢ of Rmerauds of the Peru Colour. Ther was alfoa Sunn
of Gold, Radiant vpon the Topp,in the Midit, And onthe},
Topp before, afmall Cherub of Gold, wich Wings difplayed,
The Chariot was couered with Cloath of Gold tiflued-vp-
onblew. He had before him fifty Attendants, young Men}
all, in white Satten loofe Coates tothe Mid Legg; And Stoc-
kins of whice Silk;And Shoes of blew Veluet; And Hatts of
blew Veluett ; with fine Plumes of diuerle Colours, fete
round like Hat-bands. Next before the Chariott,wenttwo
Men, bare headed, in Linnen Garments downe to the
Foote, air and’ Shoes of blew Veluett. Who carried the
one a Crofier, the other a Paftorall Staffe like a Sheepe-
hooke:: Neither. of them of Mectall, -bat the Crofier of
Balme-waood, the Paftorall Staffe of Cedar. Horfe-Men
he had none, neither before, nor behinde his Chariote : As
it feemeth to auoyd all Tumult and Trouble. — Behinde
/ poke! his

—

New Atloutes:

his: Chatiott, went all the Officets :and Principalls ofthe
Companies of the Citty.»: He fate alone, -wpon Cufhions,
of a kinde of excellent Plufh, blew; And vnder his Foote
| curious Carpetts of Silk of diuerfe Colours , like the Per-
fian , but farr finer. He held vp his bare Hand, as ‘he
went, as blefsing the People, but in Silence. TheStreet
was wonderfully well kept; So that ther was neuer. any
Army had their Men ftand in better Battell-Array, then
the People ftood. The Windowes likewife were not
crouded, but cuery one f{tood in them, asif they had been

laced. When the {hew was paft , the Jew faid to me;
I fhall not be able to attend yon as I would, in regard of fame
charge the (itty hath lay'd upon me, for the Entertaining of thes
Great Perfon. Three dayes after the ew came to. me)
againe, and faid; Yee are happy Men ; ‘for the Father of Salo-.
mons Houle taketh knowledge of your Being here, and commai-
ded me to tell you, that he will admitt all your Company to bis pre-
fence, and bane prinate Conference with pre.of you, , that. ye [ball
choofe; And for this hath appomted the next day after too Mor-
row. And becaufe he meaneth to giue you lis Bleffing, be hath ap.
pointed it in the Forenoone. Wecameat our Day, and Houre,
and I was chofen bymy Fellowes forthe priuace Acceffe.
We found him ina faire Chamber, richly hanged, and caf-
petted vnder Foote,; without any Degrees to the. State.
He was fett vpon a Low Throne richly adorned, and a)
rich Cloath of State ouer his Head, of blew Sattin Em-'
\broidered. He was alone, faue that he had two Pages of
Honour, on either Hand one, finely attired in White.
His Viader Garments were the like that we faw dimyweare |
inthe Chariott; but in ftead of his Gowne, he had on
him a Mantle with aCape, of the fame fine Black, faftned |
-abouthim. When we camein, as we were taught, we.
bowed Lowe at our firft Entrance; And when sve were
come neare his Chaire, he ftood vp, holding forth, his
Hand vngloued , and in Pofture of Blefsing ; And we eue-
ry one of ys ftooped downe, ‘and kiffed the Henrtine of his
Tippet. That done, the reftdeparted; a.
Sh} e + then

29

30 Neew Atlantis. |
EDL RRR I AN iS RRS REE
Then hee warned the Pages forth of the Roome,and caufed
mee to fit downe befide him, aad {pake to me thus in the

Spanifh Tongue.

; OD bleffe thee, my Sonne; I will gine
Be the greateft lewell I haue. For 1 will
impart unto thee, for the Lone of Gow and
Men, a Relation of the true State of Salomons
Houle. Sonne, to.make you know the true ftate
of Salomons Houle, f will keepe this order.
Firft I will fet forth unto you the End of our
Foundation. Secondly, the Preparations and
Inftruments we hane for our VVorkes. Thirdly,
the feuerall Employments and Functions wher-
to our Fellowes: are afsigned. And fourthly the
Ordinances and Rites which we obferue.

The End of our Foundation the Knowledge
of Caules, and Secrett Lotions of Things : And
| the Enlarging of the bounds of Humane Empire, |
tothe Effetting of all Things pofsible. :

The Preparations and Inftruments are thefe
We haue large and deepe Caues of feuerall Depths:
The deepest are funke 600. Fathome: And fome
of them are digged and made vnder great Hills
and Mountaines : So that sf you reckon together
the Depth of the, Fill, and the Depth, of the
Caue, they are Cfome of them), absne three
! Miles

et re

Neew Atlantis.

Liles deepe. For wee finde , that the Depth
ve Fill, and the Depth of a Caue from the
Flat, 1s ‘the Jame Thing; Both remote alske,
from ‘the Sunn and Heauens Beames, and from
the Open Aire. Thefe Caues we call the Lew-
er Region; And wee vfe them for all Coagu-
lations, Indurations, Refrigerations, and Goa,
Burana of Bodies. We vfe them likewife for
the Imitation of Naturall Mines. dud the Pro-
ducing al/oof New Aruficiall Mettalls, by Com-
pofitions and Materialls which we vfe, and lay
ther for many yeares. Wee v/e them alfa fome-
times, (vhich may feeme Strange, ) for Curing g of
fome Difeafes, and for Prolongation of Life, i
fome Hermits that choofe to line ther, well accam-
niodated of all things neceffarie, and indeed line
very long ; By whom alfowe learne many things.

Wee have Burialls in feuerall Earths, wher we
put diners Cements, as the Chineles doe their
Porcellane. Butwe haue i cea | in greater Uartetie,
and fome of them more fine. We haue alfo great va-
ricty of Compotts, and Soils , for the iakeag gy
the Earth Fruttfull.

We haue High Towers; The Higheft about
halfe_a Mile in | Heigth And Some of them tke-
wife fet vpon High Mountaines: So that theUan-
taye— of the Hillwith the. Tower, win the high-
eft of them. three Miles at leaf. eAnd thefe
Places wee call the Vpper Region ; Accoun-
ting the Aire betweene the High Places, and the

e2 Lowe,

_—_—-_- —

31

New Atlant.

Lowe, as a Middle Region. Wee v/e thefe_
Towers, according to their feuerall Heights, and|
Situations, for \nfolation, Refrigeration, Con-|
feruation; And for the View of diners Meteors;
As VVindes, Raine, Snow, Haile, nd ome
of the Fiery Meteors alfo. eAnd upon them, in
Jome Places, are Dwellings of Hermits, whom
wee vifit fometimes, and inftruct what to ob-
ferue. |

We haue great Lakes both Salt, and Freth,|
wheref we hanevfe for the Fifh, and Fowle. We
vfe them alfo for Burialls of fome Naturall Bo-
dies: For we finde a Difference in Things buri-
ed inEarth, or in Aire below the Earth ; and things
buriedinV Vater. We haue alfo Pooles, of which
Jome doe Straine Frefth V Vater out of Salt; And
others by Art doe turne Frefh VVater into Salt.
We haue alfo fome Rocks in the <M idt of the Sea;
And fome Bayes vponthe Shore for fome V V orks,
wherin is required the Ayre and Vapour of the
Sea. We haue likewife Violent Streames and}
Cataracts, which ferue vs for many Motions:
And hkewife Engines for Multiplying and En-
forcing of VVindes, to fet alfo on going dinerfe
Motions.

We haue alfo a Number of Artificiall V Vels,
and Fountaines, made in mutation of the Na-
turall Sources and Bathes; As tinéled vpon Vi-
trioll, Sulphur, Steele, Braffle, Lead, Nitre, and
other Mineralls.. And againe wee haue little

VVells

Neew Atlantis.

| VVells for Intufions of many Things, wher the
V Vaters take the Vertue quicker and better, then
in Vetlelis, or Balins. And among/t them we haue
aVVater, which wee call VVater of Paradife,
being, by that we doe to it, made very Soueraigne for
Health, and Prolongation of Life.

We haue alfo Great and Spatious Houles, wher
we imitate and demonftrate Meteors ; As Snow,

Haile, Kaine, fome Aruficiall Raines of Bodies,

and not of VVater, Thunders, Lightnings ; Al/o}

Generations of Bodies in Aire ; As Froggs, Flies,
and diner[e Others.

We haue alfo certaine Chambers, which wee call

Chambers of Health, wher wee qualifie the Aire as
we thinke good and proper for the Cure of diuerfe
Diteafes,and Preferuation of Health.
_ Wee haue alfo faire and large Baths, of feuerall
Mixtures, for the Cure of Dileales, and the Refto-
ring of Mans Body from Arefaction: And Others
for the Confirming efit in Strength of Sinnewes,
Vitall Parts, and the very luyce and Subftance of
the Body.

We baue alfo large and various Orchards, and
Gardens. Wherinwe donot fa much refpect Beauty,
as Variety of Ground and Soyle, proper for dinerfe
Trees, and Herbs: And fome very [patious, wher
Trees, and Berries are fet, wherof we make dinerfe

Kinds of Drinks, befides thes Vine-yards. Fn
thefe wee prattife likewife all (oncluftons of Graf-
ting, and Inoculating, as well of V Vilde-Trees,

e2 as

33

\ turne into another.

New Atlanta.

pI RE AARNE AAR AMEN NED:
as Fruit-T ees, which produceth many Effetts. And
we make (by Art) in the fame Orchards, and
Gardens, Trees and Flowers, to come earlier, or
later, then their Sealons ; And to come vp and
beare more fpeedily then by their Naturall Courfe
they doe. We make themaljo by Art greater much
then their Nature, And their Fruit greater, and
Jweeter, and of differing Tait, Smell, Colour,
and Figure, from their Nature. And many 9
them we [o Order as they become of Medicinall
Vie. |

Wee hane alfo Meanes to make diuerfe Plants,
rife by Mixtures of Earthes without Seedes ; And
likewife to make dinerfe New Plants, differing

from the Vulgar; andto make. one Tree or Plant

We haue alfo Parks, and Enclofures ofall sorts,
of Beafts, and Birds; which wee vfe not onely for
View or Rareneffe, but likewifes for Diflections,
and Trialls - That therby we may take light, what
may be wrought upon the Body of Man. Wher-
in we finde many flrange Effetts ; As Continu-
ing Life in them, though dinerfe Parts, which you
acount V tall, be perifbed, and taken forth » Re-
fufsitating of fome that feeme Dead in Appea-
rance; And the like. We try alfo all Poyfons,
and other Medicines vpon them, as well of Cliy-
rurgery, as Phificke. ‘By Are hkenife, we make
them Greater, or Taller, then their Kinde is, And
contrary-wife Dwarte theni and /tay their Grouth:

Wee

New Atlantis.

Wee make them more Fruittull, and Bearing then
their Kind is ; And contrary-wife Barren and nat
Generatiue. ¢///o we make them differ in Colour,
Shape, Actiuity, many wayes. Wefinde Meanes
tomake _oramuxtures and Copulations of dinerfe
Kindes; which haue produced many New Kinds,
and them not Barren, as the generall Opinion 1s.
We make. a eS wae of Kindes, of Serpents,
| Wormes, Flies, Fithes, of Putrefaction ; WV hereof
ome ave aduanced (1n effect) to be Perfect Crea-
| tures, /ike Beaftes, or Birds - e4 nd bane Sexes, and
doe Propagate. Neither doe we this by Chance,
| but wee know before hand, of what Matter and
Commuxture, what Kinde of thofe Creatures
will arife. |

Wee haue alfo Particular Pooles,; wher we make
Trialls upon Fithes, as we hawe fard before of Beatts,
and Birds .

Wee haue alfo Places for Breed and Generati-
on of thofe Kindes of Wormes, and Flies, which
are of Speciall Vie; Such as are with you your Silk-
wormes, and Bees.

F will not hold you long with recounting of our
Brew-Howles, Bake-Howles, and Kitehins,
wher are made dinerfe Drinks, Breads,and Meates,
‘Rare, and of fpeciall Effetts. V Vines we haue of
Grapes; And Drinkes of other Tuyce, of Fruits,
of Gratnes, and.of Rootes; And of Mixtures
with Honey, Sugary Manna, and Fruits dryed,

and decoéted:. Alfo of the Teares or VVoun-

dings

35

_——~—

36

| dings, of Trees; And ofthe Pulp of Canes. And

New Atlanta.

thefe Drinkes are of fenerall Ages, fome.to thea}
Age or Laft 0 oe yeares. We haue Dri
alfo brewed with fenerall Herbs, and Roots, and
Spices, Yea with feuerall Flefhes, and V Vhite-
Meates. Wherof fome of the Drinks are fuch,
as they are in effett Meat and Drinke both: So
that Dinerfe, efpecially in Age, doe defrre to line
with them, with little or no Meate, or Bread. And
aboue all wee ftrine to haue Drinks of Extreame
Thin Parts, to in/uate into the Body, and yer
without all Biting, Sharpeneffe, or Fretting ; Fnfo-
much as fome of them, put vpon the Back of your
Hand, will, with a little flay, pafe through to the|
Palme, and yet tafte Milde to the Mouth. Wee
haue alfoW Vaters, which weripen in that fafhion,}
as they become Nourifhing ; So that they are in-
deed excellent Drinke; And Many will vfe no
other. Breads we haue of feverall Graines, Roots,
and Kernells- Yea and fome of Fleth, and
Fith, Dryed, With dinerfe kindes of Leaue-
nings, and Seafonings: So that fome doe ex-
treamely mone Appetites ; Some doe NCourifh fo,
as diner fe does hue. of them., without any other
Meate ; Who line very long. So for Meates,
wee haue fome of them. fo beaten, and made ten-
der, and mortified, yet without all Corrupting,
as a VVeake Heate of the Stomach will turne
them.» into good Chylus. As well as a Strong
Heate sould Meate otherwife prepared. We hane

fome

New Atlantis.

| fome Meates alfo, and Breads, and Drinks, which,
taken by Men, enable them to Fatt long after .
And fome other, that vfed make the very Fleth of
‘Mens Bodies, /2n/ibly, more Hard and Tough.
And their Swength farre greater > then otherwife
\ it would bee. |

|. Wee-haue Dilpenfatories, or Shops of Medi-
{cines.' JV herein you may eafely thinke, if we hane
|fuch Variety of Plants, and Liuing Creatures,
more then you haue in Europe, (for we know what
you bane,) the Simples, Druggs, and Ingredi-
entsof Medicines, mu/t likewife be info much the
greater Variety. Wee hane them hkemife of di-
uerfe Ages, andlong Fermentations. «4nd for
their Preparations, wee haue not onely all Manner
of Exquifite Diltillations; and Separations , and
efpectally by Gentle Heates, and’ Percolations
through dinerfe Swainers, yea and Subftances;
But alfo exact Formes of Compofition , srberby
they incorporate allmoft, as they were Naturall
Simples.

Wee haue alfo diuers Mechanicall Arts, which
you baue not; eAnd Stuttes made by them, Ay
Papers, Linnen; Silks, Tiflues; dainty VV orkes
| of Feathers of wonderfull Lujire ; excellent Dies;
and'many others : And Shops likewife as well |
for fiichas are not brought’ into Vulgar vfe amongft |
ys, as for thofe that are: For you muft know, that |
of the Things before recited, many of them aré\
growne into vfe throughout the Kingdime. But
P2710 3 ar ger.

iio.

New Atlantis.

| yet, if they did flow from our \nuention, wee haveof
them alfo for Patternes and Principalls. ey
Wee baue alfo\ Fournaces of great. Diverfi-
ties, and that keepe great Diuerfiue of Heates:
| Fierce, and Quicke ; Strong and Conftant;
Softand Milde; Blowne, Quiet, Dry, MJouift;
And the like. But aboue. all we haue Heates, wm
Imitation of the Sunnes and Heauenly Bodies
Heates, that pafve dinerfe Inequalities, and (as it
were) Orbs, Progreffes, and Returnes, wherby
we produce admirable effects. Befides wee bane
Heates of Dungs; and of Bellies and Mawes 9
Liuiug Creatures, and of their Blouds, and Bo-
dies. and of Hayes and Herbs layd vp moist . of
Lime vnquenched; and fuch like. (nftraments
alfowhich generate Heate onely by Motion. And) —
further, Places for Strong Infolations , And a}
gaine Places ynder the Earth, which by Nature,|
or Art, yeeld Heate. Thefe diners Heates wee
vfe, As the Nature of the Operation, which wee
intend, requireth. oa
Wee baue alfo Perfpecttue-Houles, wher wee} -
make Demonftrations of all Lights, end Radiati-}
ons: Aad of all Colours : And out of Things
vncoloured and Tranfparent, wee can represent
unto you all fenerall Colours ; Not in Rene. |
Bowes, (as itis in Gems, and Prifmes, ), but
themfelues Single... Wee reprefent alfo all Mulue}
plications of Light, which. wee,carry to great\Die
Mtance, and make fo Sharp , a3 to\di/cerne mall}
' Points

New Atlaniss. re yy 39

Points and Lines. eAdfo all Colourations of
Light ; Ai/Delufions and Deceits of the Sight,
Figures, Magnitudes, Motions, Colours: e4//
Demonftrations of Shadowes. Wee finde alfo
dinerfe Meanes yet ynknowne to you, of Producing
of Light, ortginally, from dinerfe Bodies. Wee
procure meanes of Seeing Obiects a_farr oft ; As in
the Heauen, and Remote Places: And reprefent
Things Neare as A-farr oft . And Things A-farr
oft.as Neare , eA aking Kaigned Diftances. Wee
haue alfo Helps for the Sight, farr aboue Spectacles
and Glafles in vfe. Wee haue alfo Glafles and
Meanes, to fee Small and Minute Bodies; per-
feélly and diftindly ; ds the Shapes and Colours
of Small Flies and VV ormes,Graines and Flawes,
in Gemmes which cannot othermi/e be feene, Obfer-
uations in Vrineand Bloud not otherwife to be feen.
Wee make Artificall Raine-Bowes, Halo’s, and
Circles about Light. Wee reprefent alfoall man-
ner of Reflexions, Refractions, and Muluplicatt-
onsof Vifuall Beamesof Obiects.

Yi’ee haneal/o Pretious Stones of all kindes, ma-
ny of them of great Beauty. and to you unknowne :
Chyftalls likewife ; And Glaffes of dinerfe kindes.
And amougftthem fome of Metials Vitrificated, and
other Materialls, befides thofe of which you make
Glafle. Alfo a Number of Folliles, and Inaper-
fect Mineralls , which you haue not. Likewife
Loadftones of Prodigtous Vertue: And other rare
Stones, borh Naturall, and Artificiall, |

f2

Wee

40

Neew Atlantis.

Wee haue alfoSound-Houles. wher wee prattife
and demonftrate allSounds, and their Generation.
Wee hanue Harmonies whichyou haue not, of Quar-
cer-Sounds, and leffer Slides of Sounds. Dinerfe
Inftrumentsof Muaick likewi/e to you vnknowne,

Jome {weeter then any you haue ; Together with
Bells and Rings that are dainty and fweet. Wee
reprefent Small Sounds as Great and Deepe; Like-
wife Great Sounds, Extenuate and Sharpe » Wee
make diuerfe Tremblings and WV Varblings o

Sounds, which in their Originall are Entire. Wee
reprefent and imitate all Artuculate Sounds and
Letters, and the Voices and Notes of Beats and
Birds. Wee hane certaine Helps, which fett to the

Eare doe further the Hearing greatlh. Wee haue\

allo diuerfe Strange and Aruficiall Eccho's, Re-
flecting the Voice many times, and as itwereTol-
fing it: And fome that giue back the Voice Low-
derthen it came, fome Shriller , and fome Dee-
per; Yea [ome rendring the Voice, Differing in
the Letters or Articulate Sound, fonr that they
receive. Wee haue alfo meanes to conuey Sounds

in Trunks and Pipes , in ftrange Lines, andDi-}

{tances.

Wee haue.alfo Perfume-Houles . wherewith we
ioyne alfo Practifes of Taft. Wee Multiply
Smells, which may feeme flrange. Wee Imitate
Smells, making all Smells to breath out of ether
Mixtures then thofe that gine them. Wee make
diuerfe Imitations of Taft likemife, _fo that they

o3 will

— OT —_—_ ~

New Atlanws.

will deceyue any Mans IL att. And in th rioule
wee contane alfo a Confiture-Houfe, wher wee
make all Sweet-Meats, Dry and Mout » e4nd
dinerfe pleafant V Vines, Milks, Broaths,and Sal-
lets, farr in greater variety, then you bane.

Wee hane alfo Engine-Houles , wher are pre-
| pared Enginesand Inftraments | for all, Sorts of
| Motions.. Lher wee imitate:and prattife to make
| Swifter Motions,» themany you haue’ , either
}out of your Musketts , ‘orsany Engine that you
haue : And to Make thems, and “Multiply
thems more Eafily> -and with Small Force 5 by
| VVheeles:;\ and opher Meanes': vind to'make
them Swonger and more Violent; then yours are.
Exceeding..your greate/t Cannons, and Bafilisks.
Kee reprefent alfo-Ordnance\ and Inftruments
of VNVarr;: and Engines of al Kindes > And
‘likewise New Mixtures and:\Compofitions of
Gun- Powder, V Vilde~Fires barnin © in V Vater,
and Vnquenchable. Al/o Fireliworkes of all.
Variety , both for: Rleafuress and View Kee imi-
tate alfo Flights of Birds ; Wee baue fome'De-
grees of Flying inthe Ayre. Wee haue Shipps
_and Boates for Going vader V Vater, and Broo-
king of Seas + #foSwinuning-Gircles and Sup-
porters. \\ Meechanediners curious Clocks. And
‘other bke Mouonsof Returne: “And fome Per-
petuall Motions..." Weeimitate alfo: Motions of
‘Liming Gredtuies,. by Images of Men Beatts,

Birds, Fithes,\\nd\Serpents..: /Kee bane alfo a \

3 oe great No ae

u PO teehee ai ees

| in a VVorld of Particulars deceiue the Senfes, 7

Neew Atlantis.

great Number of other Various Mouons, flrange
jor quality, Pineneffe, and Subtilty. will

WV ee have alfoa Mathematicall Houle, wher are}
-veprejented all \nftruments, as well of Geometry,
as Aftronomy, exquifitely made.

Wee haue alfo Houles of Deceits of the Sen-
fes ; wher we reprefent all manner of Keates of lug-
ling, Falfe Apparitions, Impoftures, and IIluti-
ons; And their Fallaces. ednd furely you will
cdfily belecue, that wee, that haue fo many Things
iruely Naturall, which induce Admuration, could

wee would difguife thofe Things, and labour to make
them feeme more Miraculous. . But wee doe hate all
Impottures, and Lies: Fnfomuch as wee bauefe-
uerely forbidden itto all our Fellowes, under paine
of Fenominy and Fines, that they doe not fhew any
Naturall worke or J hing, Adorned or Swelling ;
but onely Pure asitis, and without all Afteation
of Strangenefle.

Lhefe are (my Sonne) the Riches of Salomons
Houle.

For the feuerall Employments. and Offices
of our Fellowes ; Vi ec hane Tivelue that Sayle
into Forraine.Countries , under the Names of
other Nauons., ( for our owne wee conceale .)
Who bring vs the Bookes, and Abftracs, and
Patternes of , Experiments of wall other’ Parts.

\

N

New Arlantis,

T he/e wee call Merchants of Light.

Wee haue Three that Colled the -Experi-
ments which are in all Bookes. Thefe wee call De-
predators.

VV ee haue Three that Collec the Experi-
ments of all eALechanicall Arts ; And alfo of
Liberall Sciences ; And alfo of Practiles which
are not Broughtinto Arts. Thefe weecall My-
ftery-men. ~ .

Wee haue Three that try New Experiments
uch as themfelues thinke good. Thefewee call Pi-
oners or Miners. |

Wee hane Three that Drawe the Experiments
of the Former Foure into Titles , and Tables, to
gine the better light for the drawing of Oblerua-
tions and Axiomes outof them. Thefe wee call
Compilers.

Wee haue Three that bend themfelues, Looking
into the Experiments of their Fellowes, and caft a-
bout how to draw out of them Things of Vie, and
Practife for Mans life, and Knowledge, as well
for VVorkes, as for Plaine Demonftration of
Caufes, Meanes of Naturall Diuinations, and
the eafie and cleare Dilcouery , of the Vertues
and DP arts of Bodies. YZ hefe wee call Dowry-men
or Benefactors. :

Then after diverfe. Meetings and Confults of
our whole Number, to confider of the former La
bours aad Collections, wee haue Three thattake
care, out of them,to Direct New Experiments, of 2

Hicher

I SY
New Atlantis. , /
{ Higher Light, more Penetrating into Nature then
the Former. “Lhefe wee call Lanips. *
Wee haue Threeothers that doe Execute the
| Experiments /o Directed,and Reportthem.Thefe
wee call noculators.
Lajfily, we haue Three that raife the former Dif
_ | coueries by Experiments, ito Greater Obferua-
|_| tins, Axiomes, and Aphorifmes.’ Thee wee call
j Interpreters of Nature.° ue
> Wee hauealfo, as youmuft thinke, Nouicesand
Apprentices, that the SuccefSion of the former Em-

a } ployed Men doe not fale; Befdesvacreat Num-
¥ bersof Seruants and Attendants, Men and V Vo-

q men... And this wee doe alfo > We have Confultae
tions, *hichof theinuentions'and Experiences,
iwhich-wee haue difcouered, hall: be Publifhed , and
which not : And take all an Oath of Secrecie; for|

| the Concealing of thofewhich wee thinke fitt to keepe |
Secrets. Though fome of thofewe doe reueale fome~|
times tothe State, and fome not. 7 We

oy For our Ordintinces aad’ Rites® Wee haue\

| tworvery. Long, and: Faire Galleries : fn ong o

thefe wee place Patternes and Satples of all
manner of ahs more Rare and Excellent Inuen-
ons: Fn'\the other wee place the Statua’s of ull)

Principall Tnuentours? 2 here wee hav? the Sal |

|
|
'

tua) 0 ‘your Colunibts, ‘that’ difeouered theo\
pbs. V Vett

os = =

Pay

f New Atlant.

VVelt-Indies,;.. Ai/o the, Inuentour of Shipps :
Your Monke that wus the {nuentour of Ordnance,
and of Gunpowder: The Inuentour of Mu-
Hicke: Zhe Inuentour of Letters :. The Inuen-
tourof Printing: The-Lnuentour of Obferua-
tionsof Aftronomy : The Tnuentour of VVorks
| in Mettall.: . Zhe lnuentour of Glafle : The In-
}uentour of Silke of the Worme :.The Inuen-
}tour of VVine-:. Zhe lnuentour of Corne and
|Bread : Lhe Inuentour of Sugars : And all
| thefe, by more certaine Tradition, then you haue.
Then haue we diuerfe \nuentours of our Owne,
| of Excellent VV orkes ; Which fince you haue not
ene, “it Were, too long to make. Delcriptions of
them, And befides, in.the right Under [landing
of thofe Defcriptions; you might eafily erve. > For
vpon exerylnuention of Ualew, «wee erett 2 Sta-
tua tothe luuentour, and gine him a Liberall and
Honourable Reward. Thefe Statua’s are, ;/ome
of Braffe ; fome of Marble and. Touchftone
fome of Cedar and other fbeciall VVoods guilt
and adorned ; fome of Iron; fome of Siluer ; fome
of Gold. |

Wee baue certaine Hymmesand Seruices, which
wee fay dayly, of Laud and Thanks to Gop, for’
his Marueillous VVorks : And Formes of Pray-
ers, imploring bis Aide and Blefling, for the Ulu-
mination of our Labours, and the turning of them
into Good and Holy Vfes.

Laftly, wee bane Circuites or Vifits, of diverfe
Principall

=

oe, ee FPR:

Die New Atlantis. :
| Principal Citties of the Kingdome; wher, asit
| commeth to paffe, we doe publifh fuch New Profi-
table Inuentions, as wee thinke good. And wee
doe ‘alfo declare: Natural ‘Diuinations of Difea-
fes, Plagues, Swarmes of Hurtfull Creatures,
| Scaréety, Tempefts, Earthquakes, Great Inun-
| dations , Cometts, Temperature of the Yeare,

;

4 |.and ‘diuer[e other Things, And wee gine Coun
| | fell thereupow,' what the People fhall doe, for the
i ey | Preuention and Remedy of them. > DENG |
j= ¢ Toh

we wath |
| f And when Hee had fayd this, Hee ftoed vp ; And I, as
i | Thad beene taught, kneeled downe, and He layd his Right

| Hand vpon my Head, and faid, GOD bleffe theemy Sonne,
Aral G OD ple ffe this Relation, which Thane made..' I gine thee}
leape to Publifh ity for the Good of other Nations ; For wee bere.are
inGODS Bofome,a Land ynknowne, And {fo hee left mee;
Hauing alsigned a Valew of abouttwo Thoufand Duckets,
uly | fora Bounty to mee and myFellowes. For they giue great
| | Largefies, whete they come, vpon all occafions. *

tl
4 4

4 The reft was not Perfected. |

“y 4 ‘ 10'3 , f US hs \
he &

fe) s .

- + }

Oy

J

e J

‘eo ’

oy 0 i

io MAGNALIA NATVR&|
| PRACIPVE QVOAD .
VSVS HAVMANOS.

£% He Prolongation of Lite.
4 The Refticution of Youth in fome_
—& Degree.
we8 T he Retardation of Age. |
Lhe Curing i Difeates counted

&
Incurable.

The Mitigationg/Paine:..0 becthws!

AL ore Eafie and leffe Loathfome Purging!

The Encreafing of Strength and Autry.

The Encreafing of Ability to /u fer” Torture or

aine.

The Altering of Complexions + > And Paine

and Leanneffe. 50. 3

The Altering of Statures.

The Altering of Features.

The Encreafing and Exalting of the Intellectuall
Parts.

| Verfionsof Bodies into other Bodies.

Making of New Species.

| Tranfplanting of one Species into another.

\ Inftruments of Deftraction, as of VVarre, and

- Poyfon. 7 _Ex}

ee

; | |
ve the. Teor either upon mt }Be

Bagh aly, or vponthe Body i¢/e elfe.
0 Acceleration of Time in Maturations.
ee TESENFOR YA: inae 11; Hae DAN
| Acceleration of Putrefaction. ~

-| Acceleration of Decoction. «0
| Acceleration of Germination.
| Making Rich Compotts for the Earth. )\\ |
Imprefsions ofthe Aire, and Railing of Tempells
| Great Alteration; As in tpdukauon, Emolli
On, &c,
! Lurnin Crude and Wate SubftancesinteOyl
E i OR aions Ay abcde /
oe of New F oodes out of | Sulbiiagecssioeayl |

il
Making ale Threds- hes ‘Apparel And New|
Stuftes} Such as are Paper,Glafle, &e. 9)
Biaturall Diuinations. / of

Deceptions of i the Senfes.
reater Pleafures of the Senfes.

Artificiall Mineralls and [Cemene,

-