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4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
_ 254.0 ——________

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or

AMERICAN WASPS.

BY
Dr. HENRI DE SAUSSURE,

OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND.

SOLITARY WASPS.

) WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

DECEMBER, 1875.

d

i ein eA eee oa

rn

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tue present publication is the first part of a Synopsis of
American Vespide or Wasps, prepared by Dr. Henri De Saus-
sure of Geneva, Switzerland, one of the highest living authorities
on the subject.

This work relates to the ‘‘ Solitary Wasps,” and has been the
result of many years of careful study and patient investigation.
Unforeseen events have occurred to delay its publication, in addi-
tion to the loss of time occasioned by the necessity of transmit-
ting the proofs and revises to the author in Europe.

In the introduction will be found suggestions by the distin-
guished author as to the philosophy of points of natural history,
well worthy the attention of the general students of this branch
of science, and the whole work will doubtless be considered a
valuable addition to the sources of knowledge on entomology.

The Institution acknowledges the important aid rendered in
the translation of the work into English, its careful preparation
for the press and the revision of the proof-sheets, by Mr. Edward
Norton of Farmington, Conn., whose services have also been
acknowledged in the annexed dedication by the author.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Wasuineton, December, 1875.

PHILADELPHIA
COLLINS, PRINTER.

(il )

DEDICATION.

To Mr. Epwarp Norton.
Sir :—

I am desirous of dedicating to you this first attempt to draw
up a Hymenopterological Fauna of North America. The un-
flagging interest you have kindly taken in this work emboldens
me to hope that you will accept my offering.

The readiness with which you placed at my service your col-
lections, and the assistance of your valuable instructions, were
already sufficient claims to my gratitude. Your kindness in
taking upon yourself the task of translator makes me feel more
strongly the extent of my obligations to you.

It is for me a subject of regret that my imperfect acquaint-
ance with the English language has not permitted me to relieve
you from the trouble of this work. Had I been capable of
composing this book’ in the idiom in which it is to appear
before the public, the many hours of enjoyment I have had in
writing it would not be contrasted with the many tedious hours
it is likely to occasion you.

Beside the peculiar charm which the study of nature ever
possesses, the drawing up of this monograph has wafted me in
thought to those regions of the New World which have, since I
was a child, allured me with an irresistible spell. While conning
over my insects, many a remembrance has loomed before my
mind, and transported me to those thought-inspiring and soul-
stirring scenes of your magnificent country. As a Swiss, I felt

( iii )

iv DEDICATION.

a secret pride in reflecting that its institutions are analogous
to those of my own dear country, and that the grandeur of its
physical scenery and the intellectual life which animates all
classes of its people, have their counterpart in Helvetia.

For me it is a source of satisfaction to be able to contribute,
in my humble sphere, to the extension of the physical knowledge
of that part of the American continent, whose natural riches
we are daily more and more able to appreciate, thanks to the
untiring zeal of its scientific men.

I trust, sir, you will deign to read these lines with an indul-
gence equal to the sincerity with which they are addressed to
you, and that you will see in them a pledge of my gratitude and

devotedness. :
HENRI De SAUSSURE.

GENEVA, SWITZERLAND, 1 May, 1863.

PREFACKH.

I PUBLISHED in 1852 my Monograph on the Solitary Wasps;}
which forms the first volume of my Studies on the Family of the
Vespide.? As soon as that work was printed, I perceived that
it was very imperfect.

T was still a mere student when I composed the greater part
of this book; it bears too evident marks of its premature publi-
cation. I consequently felt the necessity of correcting and com-
pleting it by means of a Supplement which occupies the greater
part of the third volume of the Studies on the Family of the
Vespide. This, however, was insufficient.

To the imperfections in the MS. of the work, attributable to my
inexperience, were added those of the form. I had the misfortune
to fall into the hands of a printer who not only delayed for years
the publication of the work, but who also executed it in a shame-
ful manner, neglecting to make proof corrections, and printing
the notes in the midst of the text.

Having lost all patience with the delay and errors of the work,
I turned my back on the social wasps and started for America,
leaving to the care of my excellent and worthy friend, Dr. Siebel,
who had often aided me with his skill and advice, the task of
superintending the impression. Two years after, on my return
to Hurope, I found that only three or four sheets had been printed,
and that the third volume was only on the eve of being finished,
and it was not until 1857 and 1858 that the volume on the social
wasps was completed, by the appearance of the general part, in
which were developed the facts concerning the nidification of these
insects, of which a summary alone had appeared in 1853 and 1854,
in the explanation of the plates, and in a special paper. But

— ———$_______— ~ a —,

' Monographie des Guipes Solitaires. Gendve, Paris.
2 Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides, 3 vols. and atlas.

(v)

vi PREFACE.

during the three years, while the manuscript had lingered in the
hands of the printer, there had appeared a memoir, by Dr. Mobius,
on Wasps’ Nests, so that my work, at the time of its publication,
was in arrear of science.*

To these contingencies I must add the death of the artist M.
Vaillant,’ of so interesting memory, during the publication of the
first volume. The succeeding draughtsmen, by whom I replaced
him, were far from equalling him, and have often produced infe-
rior, sometimes even bad drawings.?®

It will be easily understood that all these vicissitudes have not
a little contributed to render the work defective. From the very
first, I have felt the necessity of recasting it. But as I could not
undertake fresh journeys to visit the collections in distant
centres, Paris, London, etc., I have adopted another method,
which consists in correcting and completing my studies on the
Family of the Vespide by means of successive memoirs, result-
ing from the study of collections, which are kindly communi-
cated to me.* All these works, together, will perhaps enable

me one day to recompose a general work. An excellent oppor-

1 When, at length, the work was completed by the tardy appearance
of the general part of the 2d volume, Mr. Gerstacker spoke of this general
part in his annual report on the progress of Entomology (Troschel’s
Archives), calling it, 1 know not for what reason, the commencement of a
fourth volume. He reproached it disparagingly for not noticing recent
works. True it is, he could not guess that it was an old laggard which
had been some years in press.

2 Mr. Vaillant was the artist attached to the scientific exploration of
Algeria.

3 ‘The drawings of the Pl. XVI, of Tome I, are in particular very bad.

4 I have thus composed the following memoirs, forming, as it were, a
supplement to my Studies on the Vespide :—

1. Description de quelques nouvelles Especés de Vespides du Musée de Lon-
dres. (Revue de Zoologie, VII, 1855.)

2. Nouveaux Vespides du Mexique et de l’ Amérique septentrionale. (Revue
de Zoologie, IX, 1857.)

2, Note sur la Famille des Vespides. (Ibid., X, 1858.)

4, Note sur les Polistes Americains. (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1857.)

5. Description de quelques Vespides nouveaux. (Ibid., 1857.)

6. Bemerkungen tiber die gattnug Vespa. (Entomol. Zeitung von Stettin,
1857.)

7. Sur divers Vespiaes Asiatiques et Africains du Musée de Leyden. (Ibid.,
1862.)

PREFACE. Vil

tunity of extending my studies on the Wasps offered itself when
the Smithsonian Institution was pleased to commission me to
establish the,fauna of the Hymenoptera of North America. I
was already in possession of numerous materials for the drawing
up of such awork. J had brought from that continent considerable
collections, the fruits of my explorations in West India, Mexico,
and the United States. I had likewise acquired collections of
Hymenoptera in my passage through this latter country, of Mr.
Rathvon (Lancaster, Pa.), Mr. Fuch (Tennessee), and others.
Prof. Haldemann kindly made me a present of the remnants of
his splendid collection, unfortunately almost destroyed. ‘To these
materials which I had got together as I went along, there came
to be added later, the collections which the Smithsonian Institu-
tion forwarded me from different regions of the United States.’
But I owe a special mention to my friend Mr. Edw. Norton, of
Farmington, Connecticut, an excellent entomologist, who afforded
me the most valuable assistance for the work to which these
lines serve as an introduction, and who with extreme kind-
ness offered to undertake the translation of this volume himself.
Finally, I have, moreover, received some parcels of insects direct
from divers friends, especially from Tennessee, from Engineur de
Freudenreich Falconnet, Engineer on the Nashville Railroad,
and since then Major in the Confederate Army; from California,
through Mr. Berton, Swiss trader at St. Francisco, and by Mr.
Sutter.

Notwithstanding all these contributions, the collections which
I myself brought from America still form the staple of my mate-
rials; but these subsequent additions are very useful complements.
I, therefore, avail myself of this opportunity to thank publicly

1 Hymenoptera from Rock Island, South Illinois, collected by Kennicott.
i u from Illinois, collected by Walsh.
es s from Lake Superior, collected by L. Agassiz.
ae ne from Williamstown, Massachusetts, collected by S. H.
Scudder.
Ut Mt of the Cape St. Lucas, California, collected by Jolin
Xantus.
ue sf from Rio Peros River, collected by Capt. Pope, U.S. A.,
and various other Hymenoptera collected at Fort
Tejon, California; English River, ete.
The first five collections had been formed by individuals in the interest
of science; the others by explorations carried on by order of government.

Vill PREFACE.

all the above-mentioned persons for the assistance which they
have kindly afforded me. Among them I ought to name espec-
ially, Prof. Henry, as director of the Smithsonian Institution, and
Prof. Baird, who have always shown me the greatest kindness.

I ought, however, to inform the reader that, notwithstanding so
much help, the work does not contain all the species of America.
I myself possess divers individuals, which, without offering
characteristics distinct enough to be described from one indi-
vidual, nevertheless betray the existence of species yet unknown.
Moreover, the larger part of the smaller species seem till now to
have baffled the researches of collectors. I do not hesitate to
affirm, that, had I been able to collect undisturbedly in the United
States, I should very likely have brought back from that country
a number of small species as considerable as that which I have
brought from Mexico.

But it is in the natural progress of science to advance gradu-
ally towards completeness; and consequently, it is the lot of
books of science to grow old and become obsolete; and thus, in
their turn, to give way to more complete works. I do not, there-
fore, consider this monograph, incomplete as it may be, without
its use. I am not one of those who suppose it possible to
exhaust a subject of investigation. On the contrary, I am of
opinion that in entomology, as well as in the other branches of
science, nothing perfect, nothing absolutely complete, ean he
accomplished, seeing that everything in nature is undefined. The
naturalists who think the contrary, and who are induced constantly
to put off the publication of their labors from believing they
shall wholly complete them, sueceed but too often in losing the
fruits of their studies; either because their writings grow oid
while lying by, or because the authors are overtaken by death.
The proper method in the study of nature is not that of per-
fection, but, on the contrary, that of approximation. Because
from approximation to approximation, we are always getting
nearer exactness and completeness, without ever attaining extreme
perfection. In that precisely consists the progress of science, and
that also it is which gives to its horizon the depth of infinitude.

PREFACE. ix

The foregoing was written some years ago. In 1865 the
manuscript of the memoir was sent to the Smithsonian Institu-
tion.

Its publication was at first delayed by the pressure of other
matter, then by an unfortunate fire which embarrassed the finances
of the Institution, and lastly the slow delays below mentioned.

The book has been in the press several years, in consequence
of the great loss of time caused by the transmission of the proofs
from Kurope to America, and vice versa.

In consequence of this long period of waiting, I have been
obliged to make a review of the manuscript in reference to the
writings of various entomologists, especially those of Mr. Cresson,
which have been published from year to year, and have changed
the names of the species which I had described and have adopted
the names given by this author. I have not been able, however,
to take account of the more recent writings of Mr. Cresson, on
the Hymenoptera of Texas, which only came to my knowledge
when the printing of this book was almost finished.

The reader will excuse certain irregularities, consequent upon
the difficulty of putting a work into perfect symmetry which was
to be printed on the other side of the Atlantic. Hence the author
has never had but a part of his work before his eyes at a time,
during the long course of this publication. For example, it will
be noticed in the synonymy that my work, ‘‘ Etudes sur la Famille
des Vespides” is sometimes cited “‘ Ht. Vesp.,” sometimes only
“Vespides.” So with the ‘Revue et Magazine de Zoologie,” it
is sometimes cited ‘Rev. et Mag. de Zoolog.,” and sometimes
simply “ Rev. de Zool.”

The larger part of the book was written in French, and has
been translated and corrected by Mr. Edward Norton. I owe
to this naturalist also various communications and frequent send-
ings of insects, which have been of great use to me.

H. De SAUSSURE.

INTRODUCTION.

I Propose in this volume, not to give a general history of the
Wasps of America, but only to lay the foundations of the fauna
of the Vespide of that continent, principally of North America.
I leave aside whatever concerns the habits of these insects, on
which we have but insufficient information, and I shall confine
‘ myself to speaking of them with respect to the genera or species
which offer salient peculiarities.

This work is not to be taken for a mere catalogue of species,
of no further use than to satisfy curiosity. I think that modern
zoology ought to tend towards another aim. The existence of
species, the composition of fauna, their relations with the parts
of the globe which they populate, are not merely accidental facts.
In my opinion, we must therein detect the last material and tan-
gible manifestation of physiological forces, elucidating the study
of which belongs to the domain of the highest natural philosophy.
By him who adopts this view of the subject, a far-searching study
of species ought to be considered as one of the bases from which
the search after the origin of species may start.

It would seem that in zoology we should take for a startine-
point the actually existing forms in which life manifests itself, and
to ascend from them up to the primitive stock; just as in geology,
we start from the actual existing structure of rocks and from the
external configuration of the soil, to follow up the concatenation
of the ancient events which have brought about as a last result
the present state of the earth’s crust.

The study of species ought especially to serve as a means of
revealing to us their variations and the affinities between them.
These affinities point to a common relationsh ip, which is to be
explained only by a direct affiliation of the types. The study of

| | (xi )

xii INTRODUCTION.

forms combined with that of their geographical distribution, comes
afterwards to throw light on the cause of the filiation which the
graduated resemblances of the species serve to reveal to us. It
shows that this filiation obeys laws which have also their regu-
larity, in so far as they are intimately connected with the physical
laws which hold sway in every region of our globe.

Toward these grand philosophical queries, zoology ought
in our time to tend, and species should be studied with a view
to the solution of such questjons. As in geology, the study of
the actual existing state of the earth’s crust, and the appreciation
of the phenomena that there take place, of the intimate trans-
formation of rocks, of the mechanical disturbance of the layers,
of their reconstruction under new forms, allows us to draw an
inference by analogy as to the more aucient transformations, and
the agents which have produced them; so the study of species,
and of their actual existing transformations seems likely to enable ~
us to follow up the chain of these transformations to a point more
or less close to their origin.

The definition of the first divergences observable in the perma-
nent varieties which may be considered as nascent species, in
order to ascend afterwards to the relationship of species separated
by divergences more and more profound, such is, we deem, the
point of view under which we should never neglect to study
species.

Zoology, only when considered from this point of view is
philosophical. It has not its aim in itself; it serves only as a
means to sift questions of a higher order. Now entomology is
precisely the one of the branches of zoology, in which the study
of the filiation of species may become the most fruitful in results,
either on account of the multitude of ramifications of general
types and of the multiplicity of forms under which each type
appears, or on account of the smallness of the breaks which sepa-
rate genera and species, or also on account of the immense variety
of forms and of the facility with which species seem to become
modified in proportion as they spread over the surface of the
globe in diverging ways. Thanks to all these causes, it is not
difficult to find examples of every kind of filiation, not difficult
either to follow over latitudes certain still recent modifications
which allow us to draw an inference by analogy as to other

INTRODUCTION. xiii

modifications more profound because they are more ancient, than
as to others of a degree still more advanced.’

As may be anticipated from what precedes, my principal pur-
pose in producing this work is to study the American fauna with
a view to its origin. But this is a work of time which can-
not be completed off-hand. ‘The first thing to be done is to
study the species carefully, to arrange them according to a good
classification, and to describe their affinities. That is the funda-
mental preparatory labor. Ido not pretend to overstep those
limits in this monograph. The knowledge of the American
fauna is not yet enough advanced to allow us to draw an infer-
ence with certainty as to the affinities of the species among
themselves so as to prejudge their filiation. However, I have
made more than one remark on this topic, and I will hazard a few
words on the matter when speaking of genera and species. But
I reserve for another work the statement of comparisons which
seem to me to cast some light on the dispersion of the Vespide
on the surface of the globe and on the modifications which have
been worked off under diverse latitudes; in other terms, on the
origin of actual existing fauna.

The complex affinities of species, and still more the filiations
which arise from these affinities, become obvious to the eye only
when one has acquired a perfect knowledge of the species and
genera of a fauna. ‘To seize them in all their extent, it is neces-
sary to know, as it were, all the species of the group by heart
in order to be able to take it in at a glance, or to examine at
pleasure each part in the picture that one has formed in one’s
memory. Only when one has attained this point in the study of
a group, is it possible, from the inspection of a species, to feel
its affinities; for they do not always appear in the more easily

1 Unfortunately, in our times the greater number of entomologists have
deviated too far from this philosophical path. They have turned ento-
mology into a sort of amusement which has for object the discovery of
new species; which loses itself in minutie, and at the bottom of which
there exists no thought. Thanks to this tendency, collecting has ceased
to be the means, and has become the object. In becoming an amusement
entomology has gradually lost caste; it has fallen into the hands of daw-
Alers, and thus lost a part of its scientific character. This transformation
has led men, who aim at reaching an elevated rank in science, to be too
much inclined to withdraw from the field of entomology.

XIV INTRODUCTION.

appreciable characteristics. They often discover themselves in
certain characteristics of appearance, which are at times of great
importance, but which are not setzed at a glance, or in certain
relationships of form, which a long practice teaches one to dis-
tinguish easily, though they can scarcely be defined.

The first basis of philosophical zoology is the profound knowl-
_edge of the detail of fauna. To give as complete an idea as
possible of the fauna of the Vespipz of America is the purpose
of this volume.

PLAN OF THE WORK.

The plan which I have decided on, in drawing up this work, is
the following :—

I give, as much as possible, a complete description of the
species which belong to the fauna of North America, considering
as such all those which people the new continent to the north
of the isthmus of Panama, including likewise the Antilles. This
work is, therefore, more especially a monograph of the Vespidz
of the United States, of Mexico, and of the Antilles. Besides, I
have added, as a complement, a catalogue of all the species
known till now in the rest of America, and have found it a great
advantage in the classification, the method thus becoming more
complete. Moreover, this plan allows me to enunciate views on
the geography of insects, on the dispersion of the species, and on
the modifications which take rise under the influence of diverse
latitudes.

I have confined myself, among the species of South America,
to cataloguing them, not having sufficient materials to make a
monograph. However, for those of which I had the types
beneath my eyes I have given Latin diagnoses, in order to
describe them in a comparative manner with respect to the
surrounding species, and, also, in order to complete my anterior
studies on these insects, to review them and render the use more
easy. ,

I think myself bound to add here, that, as to my method of
description, I describe the species as far as possible in a relative
manner. Descriptions made in an absolute sense have always
appeared to me less useful, because they insist on many useless
characteristics and often omit the most important. The reader

INTRODUCTION. XV

will not be surprised, therefore, at my not repeating, with respect
to genera, the characteristics peculiar to every species or to the
greatest number of them. In short, there are still other charac-
teristics which I pass over, considering them rather useless either
on account of their constancy (such as the presence of silky hairs
on the tibise) or on account of their variableness, such as the color
of the lower surface of the abdomen.

Descriptions are often made prolix by means of these super-
fluous indications, and thus the essential characteristics are
drowned in useless developments. In this way, precision. is
diminished instead of being increased. Doubtless, here again
nothing is.absolute. Certain isolated species may be sufficiently
characterized by some salient traits, while others surrounded by
very closely connected species, require minute descriptions.* The
first condition of good comparative diagnoses resides in a wise co-
ordination of the species which by way of exclusion may lead to
choosing only between a small number of species. Though I do
not like to find fault, I cannot, however, on this score, help com-
plaining of the works in which the species, though described in
an absolute manner (that is, by themselves and not comparatively
with others) are jumbled up together without order, without
division of genera, often in defiance of the most salient character-
istics.

Such works, got up in a hurry, the plans of which are laid
down with a view to the convenience of the authors and not for
that of the readers, cause the latter to lose much valuable time
with no great result. They do not come up to the precision now
required by the progress of science, and they are therefore behind
their time. The reader cannot occupy his mind with incomplete
works, nor can he waste his time in striving to find out species
which are notto be found out; for there is no doing impossibilities.

In most of my descriptions, I have been especially attentive to
the forms and characteristics of the forms and carving, attributing

1 Absolute and very detailed descriptions ought, in my opinion, to be
employed, when one describes species isolatedly, without knowing the
most closely connected types (for instance, in the publication of geogra-
phical expeditions). It isthe monographer’s duty to eliminate, from these
descriptions, both the commonplace and the useless. But in a mono-
graph, the species are to be examined in a comparative manner, and rela-
tively to the adjacent types.

xvi INTRODUCTION,

to the color only a secondary importance, on account of its fre-
quent variableness. However, there is nothing absolutely fixed
in nature; the forms and the sculpture likewise vary within
certain limits. Therefore the descriptions can be only averages
deduced from a certain number of individuals. The description
should represent, as it were, the algebraical formula of the
species, or its ideal type. It is not required that this should tally
with the individual, but, on the contrary, that it should represent
the average of the characteristics of the ensemble of individuals.
But in practice, the description can never be so perfect, since it
is drawn from a certain number of individuals and not from the
ensemble of the individuals that represent the species. It is for
the reader to know how to seize the connection that exists between
the description and the heterogeneous individuals which he
may have beneath his eyes. Ina word, my method of description
aims above all at generalizing, and requires that the reader should
generalize likewise. It can hardly suit the amateur inclined to
lose himself in a multiplicity of details, for whom the collection
takes the place of nature, and for whom the determination of an
individual is the final purpose of the study of a species.

From the principles just laid down, it follows that in the extreme
subdivisions of genera, I have usually preferred the characteristics
taken from the form to those taken from the color. Undoubtedly
it is less convenient for the reader, for the natural method is
always less easy to follow than the empirical systems; never-
theless, I think that it is preferable to proceed in that wise, for
whatever may be done to seek the natural method, a large portion
of empiricism is sure to remain, as I shall endeavor to show in
the study concerning the filiation of the species. We cannot,
therefore, abstain too carefully from classification of empirical
elements.’ .

1 It is necessary to observe on this head that no absolute rule can be
laid down as to the subordination of characteristics. To be sure, forms
varying less than colors, they offer, in general, characteristics more im-
portant than the latter; but there is, however, now and then a case in
which the colors are more fixed than certain forms, and assume a real
importance—for instance, as being the stamp peculiar to a certain geo-
graphical zone. Thus, the division Hypodynerus (genus Odynerus), which
depends greatly on the colors and facies, and which eomprises the most
divergent forms. In this case, the livery becomes the stamp of a fauna,

INTRODUCTION. XVii

DIVERSE OBSERVATIONS
CONCERNING THE

STUDY OF HYMENOPTERA IN GENERAL AND THAT OF THE
VESPID& IN PARTICULAR.

Observations relative to the Synonymy.

Ist. [ make it a rule always to respect the most ancient name;
however, if it is wrongly constructed and if it can be rectified
without inconvenience, I do not seruple to correct it. Thus I
spell Rhynchium instead of Rhygchium Latr.—Odynerus Bus-
tellost instead of O. Bustellos Sauss., ete.

2d. When two different names have been affixed at the same
date to the same species, I prefer that of the two which has been
employed by the next subsequent author.

ad. I add the name of the author of a species only to tts specific
mame. Consequently when the genus changes, I nevertheless
maintain for the species the name of the author who first named
it. Thus, I write: Odynerus 4-dens Lin., although Linnzus has
described this species under the name Vespa 4-dens.

Montezumia Leprieurw Spin., although Spinola has described
the species under the name of Odynerus Leprieurit.

Otherwise no author’s name would long keep its ground;
besides those who act differently do so in order to substitute
their own names for that of the primitive describer. Such a
proceeding cannot be too strongly censured.

Let it not be said that there are drawbacks to the advantages
of that nomenclature, for if it be desirable to know the complete
name as given by the first author, it will be found, such as it is,
in the synonymy.

4th. I admit neither collection names, nor manuscript names,
nor ¢ dedéeris names, I admit for author’s name only the name

“of him who has first described the species or genus.

Any other manner of acting becomes the source of profitless
research and of waste of time. Whoever is anxious to aflix his
and is very important. In the succession of species it is generally observed
that the colors vary much, even when the forms remain fixed (or vary

less); but there are other cases in which it is color that remains stationary
whilst the forms vary.
B

XVill INTRODUCTION.

name to a species that another has the task of describing, may
for this purpose publish previously a short diagnosis under his
name in any journal.

Observation relative to the Types in Description.

In insects in general, the female represents the type of the
species. Though, in exceptional cases, the male may be the
larger, the more beautiful, and at times with unusual appendages,
he remains always more variable than the female. Among the
Hymenoptera, the males have hardly any other part to play than
a passive one; the other sex it is, which alone develops that
remarkable activity which manifests itself in the interesting
habits of these insects. The females are larger and more
stable in their forms and colors. The slightest examination
renders it apparent that it is among the females the type of the
species is to be sought for, and by no means among the males.
In the Vespide, especially among the Solitary Wasps, the males
are small and variable; at times, one would be inclined to con-
sider them as abortions; they do not offer as good differential
characteristics as the females, and they are to be determined
only by the tentative method in referring them ‘de visu” to their
Tespective females.

There exists a number of species of which the males resemble
each other so far as not to be distinguishable. This may be seen,
for instance, among certain Odynerus, but it is especially among
the Scor1a that this phenomenon appears in all its intensity.
There is a whole category of species in the genus Zlis of which
the females offer differences the most extreme, but of which the
males are so confounded that they cannot be distinguished from
each other. What is most remarkable on this score is, that these
species are to be found spread over every continent, and that
each continent numbers several of them. Thus:—

America: lis plumipes, limosa, trifasciata, dorsata, ete.

Africa: Elis collaris, capensis, elegans, africana, fascia-
tella, ete.

Asia? Elis thoracica, annulata, marginella, limbata.

Australia: Elis radula, Z-cincta, etc.

Europe: iis villosa.

INTRODUCTION. xix

Some of these species may doubtless be distinguished by their
size (27. villosa), or by the examination of their wings (ZH. Z-
cincta); but in most cases, if it is not known where they come from,
there is no possibility of determining them, not even of referring
by sight to their females.

The same fact may be noticed in a very developed state among
other species of Klis which present another system of coloring,
and which forms a part of the subgenus Triznis. Thus the

Elis interrupta (Kurope)—texensis (Texas)—Xantiana (Cali-
fornia),

though offering females very different from each other, coincide
in the males.

I do not pretend to affirm, however, that all these males are
perfectly identical. I only mean that they are so close neighbors
that I have not succeeded in finding between them differential
characteristics which appear to distinguish them.

The preceding will suffice to show that the femaie ought, at
all events, to be taken as type of the species.

Preparation.

In a great many collections, it is usual to spread the wings
and legs of the hymenoptera. This is mere amateur’s work, of
no utility for study, sometimes even quite opposed to the purpose
in view, by dissimulating the character of the insects instead of
exposing it to view. ‘This practice is to be regretted, moreover,
by its increasing the value of the insects, on account of the time
and expense wasted thereby, so that one is loath afterwards to
place them in the softener when it becomes necessary to dissect
the mouth.

It is usual with me to prepare each of my insects only when
about to study them, because by so doing I can, after having
softened them, give them whatever arrangement may be best cal-
culated for bringing into relief such special characteristics as are
particularly useful in the group to which it belongs. As the use-
ful characteristics are not the same in each group, the preparation
ought to vary according to the species. Of the Hpipona % the
mandibles are to be opened, the legs to be stretched downwards,
so that it may be possible to examine distinctly the haunches and
thighs; of the Odynerus $, approximate to the group of Q.

XxX INTRODUCTION.

nasidens, the antenne are to be lengthened out, in order to judge
of their terminations, ete.

For almost all the Solitary Wasps, but particularly for the
Odynerus, it is essentially necessary to be able to distinguish
clearly the characteristics of the metathorax. Now this cannot
be effected otherwise than by separating the wings in @ trans-
verse direction or rather downward, and by bending the abdomen
downward as far as possible, the basis of which will, by this
means, become at the same time easy to study. This posture is,
evidently, very different from that given to the insects by spread-
ing them out. I can affirm, that, whenever one has neglected to
give the insect this posture, the metathorax and the abdomen
present themselves under the most delusive aspect, and may give
rise to the most serious misconceptions. As to describing an
Odynerus properly without having taken this precaution, it is an
impossibility. One may, if need be, bend downwards the abdo-
men without softening the insect; but then, if the wings are
directed backwards, even obliquely, they are enough in the way
to produce delusive appearances when the magnifying glass is
used.

These observations, true especially for the Odynerus, apply
likewise to all the sessile ventrated or semi-pedicellated Vespide.

On the Determination of insects.

There are two manners of proceeding, for the determination of
insects. One is analytical, the other synthetical, the former
employed by amateurs, the latter by naturalists. The first method
consists, when having taken an individual insect, in turning over
the leaves of a book in search of the name of the species till one
supposes to have hit on the description. This method seldom
leads to certainty, often to error.

The second method requires a collection as numerous as possi-
ble in individuals. To procure it, the entomologist ought before
all things to devote his efforts to a persevering and active chase
after specimens. The greater the number of the representatives
of each species, the more certain the determination will become.
In difficult performances, we must always begin with the more easy
and proceed from the simple to the complex. We must, there-
fore, start by separating the most salient and most easy genera to

INTRODUCTION. xxi

study them first. Afterwards we must continue by way of climi-
nation. As it is for the difficult genera, that it is especially
important to adopt a good method, let us choose, for instance, the
genus Odynerus and its approximates; it surely will answer our
purpose thoroughly. Let us suppose that the pedunculiventrated
genera have already been separated and that we have remaining
only the sessiliventrated, say the genera Alastor, Monobia, Plero-
chylus, Odynerus. 3

First we will exclude the Alastor, by the process of viewing
of the wings. Scarcely any other will remain than the Odynerus
and the Monobia; their species will at first appearance strike
one as an inextricable jumble.

For the moment, we will not trouble ourselves about the
Monobia, which are rare and southerly species. We will, there-
fore, begin by confining ourselves to setting aside the Ancistro-
cerus and the Symmorphus, characterized by the suture of the
first abdominal segment, and we can then enter directly on the
study of the species. But even here we will advance as far as
possible without the assistance of books.

The next operation consists in sorting out the males and females
in order to occupy ourselves exclusively with the latter. With
a little practice this separation proceeds rapidly, since the males
of the northern regions are distinguishable mostly by their
entirely yellow clypeus. For whatever may concern the excep-
tions (either from the females offering the same character, or from
the males not offering it) one has still as object of consultation,
the form of the antenne, organs which in most males are more
generally terminated by a hook or a spiral. At last, as a final
resource, and as an infallible means, we remove all doubts by
counting the number of abdominal segments. The % have only
1, the 2 only 6.

We will first occupy ourselves only with the ? and will group
the individuals by species on small boards. This is a work of
time and patience. ‘l’o succeed, we will make use of every
appreciable characteristic, even of the most empirical ones. In
sorting out in this manner, the colors are always of the greatest
assistance because they are obvious to the eye. One must, as
much as possible, subordinate the importance of the spots to ¢
graduated order, in beginning with the most fixed and character-

xxii INTRODUCTION.

istic, as for instance the spots on the scutellum and of the post-
scutellum. Thus :—

Range together all the species with post-scutellum alone yellow.
: és “ és ‘“ scutellum alone spotted yel-
low.

scutellum and post-scutellum
both spotted, ete.

ce / se te c “ce

Then come the anterior and posterior borders of the prothorax;
then the stripes of the abdomen, the spots of the metathorax, ete.

Thus you come to form more species than are really existing,
every variety becoming a species; but, no matter, the work of
reducing will at last arrive and will be easily carried through
when species shall have been studied and known, as it were, by
heart.

Then we may look into books and try to determine each species’
while having, beneath one’s eyes, the ensemble of individuals.

Here we can get on only by groping about a long time in
uncertainty. Often after comparing these similar individuals we
shall detect two species which at first had been confounded.

The determination can be carried on by two inverse proceed-
ings. After having sorted out apart by one’s own observations
the greater number of species, the entomologist often knows them
already sufficiently to guess to what species such and such a
description belongs. He can, therefore, either start from a species
and seek the description which suits it, or start from a description,
and in passing in review his series seek to what species this de-
scription is adapted. Moreover, these two manners of proceeding
verge into each other repeatedly, when one has beneath one’s
eyes, a large ensemble of well-separated species. Indeed, when
making use of the first proceeding, one often falls into the second,
for one is often struck with the description of such and such a
salient character which one recollects having observed in a species.
Thus the search after one species leads to the determination of
another. The work hastens along with accelerated motion and
leads to results the more certain as each species is represented
by a larger number of individuals comprising most of the possible

1 For this purpose short descriptions, i. e., diagnoses, which may at
once be committed to memory, are very useful.

INTRODUCTION. XXill

varieties. In this entirely empirical labor, any process, even
expedients are allowable.

Nevertheless, when one gets to the groups, in which the species
lie close together, one is often puzzled, and there remains no way
of exclusion.

Once the females determined, proceed to an analogous: sorting
out and grouping of the males by species. Attribute to each
female species its respective male, beginning by the more easy
and proceeding always by way of exclusion. ‘This is a tentative
work, in which one succeeds satisfactorily only when familiarized
with a group which is being studied.

As to separating at the outset the Monobia from the Odynerus,
the Symmorphus from the Ancistrocerus, the Odynerus from the
Epipona, that cannot be done without being well acquainted with
these groups so as to place therein at once the insects according
to their facies. If one is not far enough advanced to do so, this
separation will result quite naturally from the work of determi-
nation; nevertheless, to distinguish the Jonobia, it will be neces-
sary to dissect the mouth.

With that operation, we may finish, because we shall have no
more to seek but among a small residue of species, whereas had
we begun by establishing that distinction, we should have been
obliged to dissect the mouths of all the Odynerus which have been
excluded from this operation by the mere fact of their determina-
tion. A work of determination made according to this manner
of proceeding will afford synoptical views that alone will permit
one to appreciate the true relations of species. Better than any
other, it will prepare the entomologist to give comparative
descriptions taken from a general point of view which will not
lose itself in worthless details.

ee

ANALYTICAL TABLE.

Faminry VESPIDZ . : 6 ¢ ‘ : 4 5 :
Tribe MASARINE . 3 6 A é : A é
Gen. Trimeria Sauss. . , d ;
Gen. Masaris Pub. 3 C 4 C
Tribe OpYNERINZ . “ 5 ; : A ;
I. The Anomalipennes . : ; ; ; . - F
Gen. Gayella Spin. . : : : - : “ ‘
II. The Normalipeunes . : anata
Legion I. The Zethites . 7 ° - °
Gen. Zethus abr... : : F 3
Division Zethus (sensu strictiore) . :
Division Heros : C
Division Zethusculus 5 , 4

A. Antenne of the males terminated by a rolling-up
spiral 6 : : ° . . .
a. Petiole presenting a nodulous or ovoid expansion
b. Swelling of the petiole cylindrical
* Metathorax not excavated . : .
** Metathorax excavated; the excavation mar-
gined with sharp carine
{ Thorax short, quadrate or rounded
tt Thorax elongate, attenuated anteriorly, ellip-
tical . : ° : : : :
B. Antenne of the males terminated by a hook .

a. Species having the appearance of the true Zefhus.
Head more wide than high; thorax short, not
being one anda half times longer than wide;
dilatation of the petiole elliptical or cylindrical,
a little contracted behind ; the second segment of
the abdomen in form of a globular bell

RB. Species which have more the appearance of Fu-
menes or Discelius. Head less inflated, less hol-
lowed out at the occiput; thorax of moderate
length ; petiole more as in the Humenes of Divi-
sion « .

( xxv )

29

39

Xxvi

ANALYTICAL TABLE.

y- Petiole quite linear, filiform, depressed, very much
elongate, as in Humenes of Division @. Facies

of a Calligaster . : . ° .
C. Species which I do not know, an of which the
antenne (% ) have not been described . :
Division Didymogastra Perty d : °

A. Antenne of the males terminated by a rolled spiel
B. Antenne of % terminated by a hook .

C. Species of which the section remains undetermined

Gen. Labus Sauss. : : : ‘ , : 3
Gen. Disecelius Lair. . : : ; : 4 : -

Legion II. The Odynerites . : ° : . ° :
Gen. Eumenes Fabr. . -

Division Pachymenes . : - , ;
1. Form rather lengthened; thorax longer than wide;
abdomen hardly depressed, the 2d segment not
campanular : . . ° . .

A. Petiole campanular, Eriniant above beyond the
middle, humped, the boss divided by a groove;

its extremity bordered by a salient band

a. Thorax rather compressed, lengthéned .

6. Thorax not compressed, moderately wide .
B. Petiole pyriform, depressed, less inflated above,
not divided by a groove . ° . . :

Division Omicron . : : . ° :

A. Thorax quite short, ae globular, larger:than the
pear of the abdomen; the 2d segment of this
wider than long (asin genus Tatua), wide-globular

B. Thorax a little more long than wide. The 2d seg-
ment of abdomen sometimes rather elongate

C. Thorax not so wide; longer than broad; not larger,
or even smaller than the pear of the abdomen.
(Form very much as in Division Alpha.) . :

Division Beta . ‘ . : ; : :

a. Mandibles short, pointed in si males; “|
rounded at tip, with separated small teeth in the
females : . : ° . : . °

b. Mandibles more elongate, not truncate, rather hooked
at tip, with strong teeth on the interior margin .

Division Alpha (Eumenes proprie dicti) . : : :
A. Large species, with black wings. The pear of the
abdomen rather depressed . ‘ 7 - :

B. Smaller species, with the abdomen more globular
or compressed. (Regular type of Division Alpha)

PAGE

42

43
45
45
50
51
56
58
59
59
60

61

61

62

63

66

68

69

75

§3

88

88

96
92

93

95

ANALYTICAL TABLE. XXxVil

a. Wings smoky, with violet iridescence ° 5
b. Wings transparent or yellowish . , : ;
* Second abdominal segment without lateral yel-
low spots . . ; . . . °

** Second abdominal segment with a yellow spot
on each side (sometimes wanting ip variety)

*** Second abdominal segment having on each
side a yellow fascia, or a complete transverse

yellow band on its middle . °
c. Species of uncertain origin . : . : ;
Division Zeta . 5 é ° 5 : . :
Gen. Montezumia Sauss. . : ° C - ; :

Division Antezumia. Head flattened before. Abdomen
pediculate. (Appearance nearly like some Pachy-

menes ) 3 “ ° : . ° . -
Division Metazumia “ ; : - ° A :
Division Montezumia (propr. dict.) - : - :

1. Abdomen pediculate é 6 : : .

2. First segment of the abdomen subsessile ‘ :

A. Thorax moderately lengthened, first abdominal
segment funnel-shaped, convex, divided by a
feeble groove. Vertex somewhat swollen

a. Wings transparent or ferruginous . : :
b. Wings obscure, smoky, fuscous or black . -
* Body more or less ferruginous : : °

** Body quite black . : : - . -
B. Head strongly dilated on the vertex behind the
eyes. Thorax much lengthened. First segment
of the abdomen depressed or flattened above

and divided by a very distinct groove . .

Division Parazumia : : : é 3
Division Pseudozumia . : 3 : ° : -
Gen. Monobia Sauss. . ; : : 7 : : A
Division I 4 : : : ° : . . :
A. Metathorax bispinose . : . < . .
B. Metathorax rounded, unarmed 5 : . :
Division II : : . : : : A -

A. Abdomen conical; the first segment wide and trun-
cate. Hinder portion of the metathorax bordered
by trenchant ridges and armed on each side with
a dentiform angle , ¢ : : .

B. Abdomen ovalo-conical; the first segment more
rounded, less truncate, less sessile. Metathorax
rounded; its concavity not bordered above by
trenchant ridges . , . ‘ ; .

—_
wy)
ho

XXVlii ANALYTICAL TABLE.

a. On each side of metathorax a dentiform angle .
b. Metathorax without distinct spiniform angles.
C. Abdomen slightly fusiform, enlarging as far as the
extremity of the 2d segment; the lst segment a
little funnel-shaped, divided by a feeble longitu-
dinal groove. Thorax lengthened .

Gen. Nortonia Sauss. . . . : . 2 : .
Gen. Rhynchium Lair. “ . - : : :
Gen. Odynerus Lair. . . : ° : , : :
Definition of the subgenera. - ° ° ° ;
Subgenus Symmorphus Wesm. . : : ; : ;

a. Segments 1-4 of the abdomen bordered with yellow
b. Segments 1, 3, 4 of the abdomen bordered with yellow
c. Segments 1, 2 only, of the abdomen bordered with

yellow . : : .
Subgenus Ancistrocerus Wesm. . 7 : : ;
Division Ancistrocerus (properly speaking) . . :
Table to assist in the determination of the species of
Ancistrocerus . : . . . =
I. Metathorax having its concavity angulate, bondage
all around by trenchant ridges. .
A. Form lengthened, slender - °

B. Form still lengthened, but less slender

C. Body more gathered, normal, but the thorax
still sensibly longer than wide .

a. Metathorax destitute of strong spines .
5b. Metathorax having two strong spines . .

D. Form very stubbed. Thorax cubical, nearly

as long as wide. ; . : :
II. The concavity of the metathorax for ms no distinct
lateral angles . 2 : . ‘

A. Posterior face of metathorax remaining mar-
gined, but without distinct angles. Body
slender, elongate . ° . . :

a. Post-scutel strongly truncate : - .
b. Post-scutel not truncate, angulate posteriorly

B. Metathorax not distinctly marginate. Body

not slender, of normal form
a. Abdomen nearly conical. The border of the
2d segment not reflexed. Body velutinous

PAGE
134
137

137
139
142
143
149
151
152
153

155

6. Abdomen more ovalo-conical; the border of ;

2d segment rugose orreflexed . . ;

ANALYTICAL TABLE,

c. Abdomen not as sessile; its first segment
distinctly narrower than the second, which

* ig in the shape of a hawk’s bell, with a
reflexed margin. Metathorax not excavated

in the form of a wide cavity, but of a wide

channel . r : 2 - : z

Division Stenancistrocerus , , ; ; :
Table to assist in the determination of the species of
Division Stenancistrocerus 3 ‘ ;

1. Formlengthened. Metathorax prolonged norizon-
tally behind the post-scutel, then truncate ver-
tically, etc. C 2 é : : F ;

2. Form very slender. Metathorax not so distinctly

produced behind the post-scutel; its con-

cavity large, etc. . C C - ; :

A. First segment of the abdomen rather funnel-

shaped or bell-shaped, truncate anteriorly .

B. First segment of the abdomen in form of a pro-

longed bell, rather squarely-rounded, about

as wide as the second segment, not con-

tracted before . ° ° ° ° °

a. First segment sharply truncate anteriorly .

b. First abdominal segment more rounded ante-
riorly, rather like a square bell

3. Form slender, but the abdomen: sometimes slender,

sometimes ovoid, especially among the %.

The first segment cupuliform, narrower than

the 2d, having the suture indistinct, often
presenting a transverse fluting bordered by

two traces of sutures. Concavity of the
metathorax generally small, its borders in-
distinct . : : : : : :

a. Suture of the first abdominal segment rather
strong; excavation of the metathorax some-
what distinctly margined . . ‘ ;

b. Suture of the first abdominal segment not so
, Strong. Excavation of metathorax having

its edges rounded, without precise limits .

Division Hypancistrocerus : : ; - ‘
Division Ancistroceroides : : ; . :

Subgenus Odynerus Zatr. (sensu strictiore) . :
Division Hypodynerus . ‘ : ;

Table to assist in distinguishing the species of the Divi-
sion Hypodynerus . . . . ° .

XXIxX

PAGE

188
189
191

192

206

XXX ANALYTICAL TABLE.

PAGE
I. First segment of the abdomen bell-shaped, pyri-
form, uniformly a little comb-shaped. Appear-
ance of Montezumia : F : : . 218
II. First segment of the abdomen offering an ante-
rior and a superior face separated by a sort of
transverse ridge or swelling (the true Hypo-
dynerus) : : : : : : s a
A. Form lengthened; first abdominal segment
small, nodiform or pedunculiform, very much
narrower than the 2d; its anterior face in a
lengthened triangle. : . ° - AD
B. Form shorter, wider; first segment wide on its
posterior border; its anterior face in the
form of an equilateral triangle and a little

pedicellate; its superior face large . . 222
a. Wings rufous along the anterior band . - 222
b. Wings fuscous, with violet iridescence . 224

C. Form very wide, short and depressed, first seg-
“ment very wide; its anterior face sessile, in
the form of a wide triangle; its superior face _
very short, 3-4 times as wide as long - 225
D. Form also quite chubby, but not so much
depressed ; metathorax rounded, flat or con-
vex behind, smooth, without marginal edges;
first segment of the abdomen very short; its
superior face transverse-linear. (Appearance
of a Vespa.) : : : : - ee
Division Pachodynerus . ‘ : : : . 228
Table to assist in distinguishing the species of the
Division Pachodynerus : - : : . 229
Ist Section.—Thorax cubical (at least among the
males) or square, lengthened. Abdomen coni-
cal; the first segment very large, as wide as
as second . : : 230
A. All the segments except An first border with
yellow ‘ ’ ‘ : ; < oe
a. Metathorax forming a lateral angle on each
side . . ; : : ; : .. aon
6. Metathorax rounded, not forming on each side ;

a dentiform angle . - 3 236

B. All the abdominal segments aaaiiaed with yel-
low orrufous . ‘ ; q ; . 237
a. Superior edges of metathorax not sharp . ST

6. Superior edges of metathorax sharp. . 238

ANALYTICAL TABLE,

C. Only the first two abdominal segments margined
with yellow. (The 3d and 4th sometimes
indistinctly marginate. ) ‘ ° ‘

2d Section.—Form more lengthened; thorax length-
ened square or retracted behind. Abdomen
less conic, more cylindrical or depressed ,

a. All the segments of the abdomen, except the

first, bordered with yellow :

b. Abdomen varied with black and rufous

Division Odynerus . ; : , ° - é C

Table to assist in distinguishing the Division Odynerus
and Stenodynerus, with regard to Pachodynerus

Table to assist the determination of the species of Divi-

sion Odynerus . : : : : :

Section I.—Post-scutel sharply ikniiates its trans-

verse edge often crenulate. Abdomen conical

or ovate-conical; the second segment not

strangulated at base; the first segment in-

cluding it very naturally . . ° °

1. Posterior plate of metathorax angulate, forming

on each side a lateral dentiform angle-

A. Concavity of the metathorax polygonal, mar-
gined with straight or arcuate ridges,
which form at their meeting a sharp angle.
The superior lateral edges superiorly ter-
minating in a tooth or eminence, sepa-
rated from the post-scutel by a deep
fissure, or by anotch . ° eee ae

a. Ridges of the metathorax very salient; its
posterior face excavated

* Posterior margin of 2d and 3d apaapntial
segments reflexed : ° :

** Posterior margin of 2d and 3d mbar
segments not reflexed, but impressed
and rough . s : = -

6. The hinder face of metathorax more flat-
tened; its superior edges not so salient

* The superior ridges forming two elevated
spines behind the post-secutel

** The superior edges of metathorax very
slight, only forming behind the post-
scutel two very small teeth ‘ .

KXKI

PAGE

240

252

252

XXXll ANALYTICAL TABLE.

B. Metathorax as in Section A, but the superior
edges of its hinder plate not so much
elevated, no longer forming, in the
females, distinct teeth behind the post-
scutel, etc. “

a. Metathorax excavated ; one straight

b. Metathorax more flattened; the superior
edges roughened, not acute

C. Hinder plate of metathorax no longer mar-

gined superiorly by sharp edges; lateral
angles still existing . ° ° : :
2. Posterior plate of metathorax orbicular or more
or less rounded, not forming on each side
a distinct dentiform angle. . . :

A. Posterior plate of metathorax still margined
with sharp edges, salient in its superior
part, and forming on each side at the
summit a tooth or elevation, separated
from the post-scutel by a fissure (some-
times very small). : 5 5

a. The concavity deep, excavated, with sali-
ent ridges. Abdomen conical; its base
sharply truncate . - . .

6. Posterior plate of metathorax less exca-
vated; its marginal edges but slightly
salient, although still sharp. Abdomen
ovate-conical, slightly attenuated at base

B. Posterior plate of metathorax no longer mar-
gined with sharp ridges, and not forming
post-scutellar teeth = : :

a. Posterior plate of metathorax much exca-
vated, margined with salient, blunt, and
rough edges . . 5 5 °

b. Posterior plate of wietathorae more flat-
tened; its margins rounded and pune-
tured. : ; . ° é

Section II.—Body yet stubbed, not slender, nor jie
drical. Abdomen not conical, but still ses-
sile; the lst segment smaller than the 2d,
as strongly or more strongly punctured than
the 2d; the 2d constricted at base to fit into
the first and more or less deformed; having
its margin very strongly canaliculate and
reflexed, and more or less swelled before
the channel . : : : : .

PAGE

265
265

281

281

281

285

290

290

292

ANALYTICAL TABLE. XXXlii

PAGE
A. Metathorax not narrowed below, much exca-
vated, with very sharp edges; post-scutel
bituberculate; abdomen quite deformed . 297
B. Metathorax triangular, narrowed posteriorly,
not so much excavated, with sharp supe-
rior ridges. Post-scutel not crested. Second
abdominal segment channelled and reflexed,
scarcely swollen : ; ‘ ; « 299
Division Stenodynerus . F . p mau
Table to assist in the deeariuinaltion of the Stenodynert 304
I. Metathorax having its posterior plate superiorly
terminated by two erect teeth, or by au erect
crest . : ° : : -. 3809
A. Metathorax not prolonged tewelia the post-
scutel, but truncate at its apex, posteriorly
excavated, angulate on each side; the supe-
rior edges of the posterior plate terminating
in two erect spines, which are separated from
the post-scutel by deep fissures. é - 309
B. Metathorax truncate, excavated; superiorly
margined by an arcuate ridge, rather crenu-
late, separated on each side from post-scutel
by a fissure . é ° ° ° - + oLG
C. Form not very slender. Metathorax produced
horizontally beyond the post-scutel; then
vertically truncate; the post-scutel quite
enveloped by it posteriorly, not reaching up
to the edge of the posterior face of metathorax ;
the posterior face of metathorax superiorly
terminating in an erect crest, parted by a
fissure. Vertex in 9 having two pilose tu-
bercles . . . : . . ; a eee
II. Metathorax not forming erect spines or crests
behind the post-scutel. Its superior face not
produced behind the post-seutel. This last
not posteriorly truncate, but angular, Post-
scutel generally yellow, scutel usually black 312
1. Body slender, cylindrical. Concavity of the
metathorax wide, sometimes rather dis-
tirctly limited. First abdominal segment
bell-shaped, rather elongate,widely rounded
anteriorly, sessile or subsessile. Thorax
rather elongate, vaulted, subcylindrical . 312

XXXIV . ANALYTICAL TABLE.

PAGE
A. Metathorax slightly prolonged under the post-
scutel beyond it, being truncate before;
its concavity margined with sharp edges,
nearly angulate on each side
Abdomen slender, cylindrical; first seg-
ment as wide as the second. Body vel- -
vety . : : . . . .
B. Metathorax scarcely, or not distinctly pro-

oo
part
Co

duced under the post-scutel, beyond it .
Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, with the lst
segment as wide as the 2d, elongate; or .

ovoid-elongate with the lst segment a
little narrower, rounded : 2 : solo

* The Ist and 2d abdominal segments each

adorned with two yellow spots, or
fasciz beside their marginal fascia . 9513

** Only the second abdominal segment

adorned with two yellow spots which

are often wanting, principally in the

males : - : : : pred
*** No free yellow spots on the first two
abdominal segments : . mars 1

2. Form less cylindrical, not much elongated, the
thorax often short, and wide anteriorly,
contracted posteriorly. Metathorax more
convex, rounded; its fossette generally
small, but always distinct. Abdomen ovoid
or irregular, the first segment narrower than
the second, not truncate anteriorly, not as

sessile; second segment more swelled than
in the preceding, short and convex, con-
tracted at base to fit into the first . . doa
A. Form rather stouter, abdomen rather wide in
the middle, but yet attenuated before.
The fossette of the posterior face of meta-
thorax rounded, always distinct . - dad
a. Thorax but slightly adorned with yellow;
(sometimes quite black, with a yellow
spot under the wing); post-scutel quite
black or adorned with two yellow dots . 333
4. Anterior margin of prothorax adorned with
yellow, but not the posterior margin ;
the yellow fascia often bilobed or inter-
rupted. Fossette of metathorax large,
rather triangular, occupying nearly the
whole width of the metathorax . . 3o34

ANALYTICAL TABLE. KEKV

* Sometimes there are two little free spots
on the 2d abdominal segments

** No lateral yellow spot on the abdomen .

ce. Posterior margin of prothorax, and often

also the auterior margin bordered with
yellow. (Insects often velvety.) .

d. Prothorax quite yellow above. Scutel and
post-scutel yellow . ; ‘ :

3. Body elongate, slender ; the abdomen especial-
ly, veryslender. Metathorax convex, having
no longer a distinct excavation, but sooner
parted by a large groove, which separates
its two cheeks. Abdomen slender, spindle-
shaped; the first segment elongate, funnel-
shaped, sometimes subpedunculate - .

III. Metathorax not produced superiorly beyond the
post-scutel, convex; its hinder face parted
by a deep groove. Post-seutel truncate—
having a sharp edge . : - : :

A. Metathorax quite unarmed superiorly .
B. Metathorax armed superiorly with two tuber-

cles, sometimes very small : ; :

Subgenus Epiponus 5 : : : 2 ; : :
Division Antepiponus . : 5 : : A

Division Epiponus . : : : : - -

Appendix to the genus Odynerus : - . . < :

Gen. Leptochilus Sauss. . : : : : <a :

Gen. Pterochilus Alug. 4 " : : : : -

Gen. Ctenochilus Sauss.. ‘ _ ; : : ; :

Gen. Alastor Lepel. St. Farg. . : : : , . -
Gen. Smithia Sauss. . : : : . : : :
Appendix : - : x ; - ° ‘ . :

Index . : : : : : ° . ° . : ‘

Explanation of Plates. ° 7 R . 2 ° : :

346

oy
II ~i oS

(es)

Ww hk @

Co OO

Sh]

———E————

VESPIDE

OF

AMERICA.

Famity VESPIDA.

CHARACTERS.— W ings folded longitudinally when at rest.
Prothorax extended backward as far as the origin of the
wings.

Mouth. Mandibles variable. Lip quadrifid or quadrilobed,
sometimes only bifid; labial palpi not having more than
four articles; maxillary not more than six articles.

Antenne elbowed, forming either a lengthened or a sub-
filiform club, composed of twelve articles in the females,
and thirteen in the males.

Hyes emarginate (except Paragia).

Abdomen sessile (without apparent peels, or pedicellate,
composed of seven segments in the males and of six in the
females, and armed with a retractile sting.

Legs slender, without hairs.

Wings always presenting. two recurrent nervures and
three or four cubital cells. Both sexes are always winged.

The Vespidz are easily recognized by their folded wings (when
at rest). It is true, this character is not always very distinct,
especially among the Masarinx and Raphiglossine, but in this
case one identifies them with certainty: Lst, by their elbowed
antenne; 2d, by their prothorax, which, instead of forming a
knobbed or transverse collar, offers a distinct upper surface, pro-
longed on each side as far as the wing scales;' 3d, also by their
! As among the Pompilide and Pepside, from which they are distin-
guished especially by their elbowed antennx, prolonged into clubs, by
their folded wings, ete.

I | (1)

2 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

general appearance, which is much more easily detected than
described. |

The habits of the Vespide are quite different; some being
social, some solitary, liying by rapine, and some parasitic.

These three moral tendencies correspond to the special forms
which characterize the groups, into which we have separated the
following subfamilies :—

2

I. MAsarina, or Parasitic Wasps.—Wings having an indistinct duplica-
tion. Antenne sometimes enlarged into a club, their last articles often
soldered together. Prothorax generally convex before. Scutel superposed
upon postscutel. Claws of tarsi generally unidentate; posterior and inter-
niediate tibiz terminated by two articulate spines. Lip quadrifid or bifid.

Wings having but three cubital cells. Eyes slightly emarginate.

II. Eumentny#z or Opyneriy#,! or Solitary Wasps.—Wings having a more
distinct duplication, always offering four cubital cells. Antenne subfili-

form, with the articles distinct. Lip lengthened, quadrifid. Claws of the
tarsi unidentate. .

III. Vespinz, or Social Wasps.—Having the same characters as the
Eumenine, but the claws of the tarsi not toothed; the wings always
having a very distinct duplication; the lip short, quadrilobed.

The Masarine can easily be distinguished by the inner neura.
tion of their wings, etc. ; but the solitary and social wasps pre-
sent so few distinctive general characters, that they are always
puzzling. It will hardly be deemed superfluous to give here a
table of empirical characters which may assist in distinguishing
them in every case. . |

1 In my “Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides’’ I have given to this tribe
the name of Humeniens (Eumenine), after the oldest genus of the tribe.
But as the genus Odynerus is much more importaut, and as the tribe
Vespine is named after a sessile genus, I have thought best to adopt in
preference that of Odyneriens (Odynerine) for the sake of conformity in the
names o: both tribes.

VESPIDA. 3

Soli‘ary Wasps. (Odynerinz.) Social Wasps. (Vespine.)

Mandibles often long and sharp, or | Mandibles always short and obliquely

having lateral teeth. Wabial palpi truncate, with the teeth rather ter-
with three or four articles. Maxil- minal. Labial palpi always with
lary palpi with three, four, five or four articles. Maxillary palpi with
six articles. five or six articles.

Eyes always extending to the base | Sometimes an open space between the
of the mandibles. base of the mandibles and the eyes.

Thorax always wide and truncate | Thorax sometimes strongly contract-
before. ed before.

The second abdominal segment al-|The second segment sometimes fun-
ways the largest, widening like a nel-sheped. The third segment
bell, and like a socket to those; in that case the largest and a sort
following. of socket for those following.

Clypeus variable, emarginate, biden- | Clypeus often cordiform, terminated
tate, truncate or rounded on its by an angle or sort of tooth or by
inferior border; never terminated a rounded lobe.
by a tooth.

Second cubital cell always narrowed | Second cubital cell sometimes

toward the radial. square.

The second recurrent nervure some- | The second cubital cell always re-
times received by the third cubital cviving the two recurrent nervures.
cell.

Tre MASARIN ~&.

(Parasitic Wasps.)

Among these insects one notices in the antenne a tendency to
consolidation of the articles and to a rudimentary condition of the
maxillary palpi, as in general among parasitic insects. The
abdominal segments among some species are constricted at the
base so that one cannot receive another within it.

The wings often fold with difficulty; they offer but three cubital
ceils, and the two recurrent nervures always terminate upon the
second.

The lip is at times quadrifid, and sometimes bifid. When bifid
it is also extensile by virtue of a peculiar mechanism.'

We know as yet but two representative genera of this tribe in
America—one of which forms a genus limited to this continent.

' See: Saussure, Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides, III, 23, ete.; and
Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1857, VIL.

4 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Gen. TRIMERIA Savss.!

Antenne clubbed, lengthened ; the last articles very indistinct.
Lip not extensile, tongue shaped, bifid. Labial palpi composed
of three articles; maxillary apparently of none. Mandibles
tolerably sharp. Abdominal segments constricted at their base ;

not retractile.

1. T. americana Savss.

Erinnys americana Sauss. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 3d ser. I, Bull. xx, 1853.—
Trimeria americana Sauss. Vespides, III, 1854, 81, Pl. iv, fig. 2, 9.

Hab. Brazil.

Gen. MASARIS Fas.

Antenne of % long, of 2 short, composed of twelve articles,
of which the five last are soldered into a single bare mass
(leaving but cight articles apparent). Articles 4—7 long in the
males, short in the females, and incompletely soldered; the
terminal mass (8th article) forming an oval club in the male,
variable among the females. Zip extensile; the tongue bifid,
inclosed in a contractile sheath, in the form of a lamina, placed
edgewise: labial palpi short.2 Jaws short; maxillary palpi
rudimentary. Mandibles short, arcuate, bidentate. Clypeus
notched like the are of a circle. Metathorax flattened behind
(bispinose). Abdomen flattened beneath, the segments contracted
at the base, the third and following not retractile into the second;
the abdomen equally wide and rounded at tip in the 2; lengthened
in the 4, attenuated toward the end, bifid at the anus, and seg-

ments 2~3 armed beneath with a salient process.

' T at first named this genus Hrinnys in commemoration of a discussion
upon the antenne of Masaris which for a long tine occupied the Entomo-
logical Society of France (see /oc. cit.); but finding this name already
employed, I changed it to Trimeria, which seems scarcely better, as there
are already two genera Trimera. Nevertheless I think it better to retain
the new name, since it is not identical with the last.

2 See for the composition of the lip, Sauss. Vespides, III, 23, and
Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 1857, VIL.

MASARIS. 5

This remarkable genus counts as yet but five representatives,
of which two are African, the others were recently discovered in
North America.

The American Masaris differs from the African by having the
labial palpi much longer. The Ist joint long; the 2d very short,
about one-third or one-fourth the length of the first; the 3d
arcuated, a little shorter than the first, and ciliated at tip. The
Ath is quite rudimeutal, soldered to the inner face of the extremity
of the third. The tongue is quite extensile as in the African
type. The maxillary palpi are also quite rudimental, only appa-
rent as a little tubercle. The American Masaris are also distin-
guished from the African by the antenne of the 2? which are
more globularly clubbed, nearly as in Celonites. The males
which I can only judge by the figure given, have also the terminal
part more globular or at least less elongated than in JZ. vespi-
Sornis.

1. Antenne of 2 clubbed, having 5 soldered terminal articles,
slightly dilated, not forming a distinct knob; the first article
very long. Labial palpi very short
M. vespiformis Larr. (North Africa.)

2. Antenne of ? terminated by a knob, as well as those of %;
the five last articles forming an oval dilated mass. Labial
palpi moderate.

i. M. vespoides Cress.—Nigra, flavo variegata, abdominis segmentis
late flavo-fasciatis; fasciis 2-5 utrinque nigro-maculatis; 6° segmento
flavo-bimaculato; alis flavescentibus; scutello planato metanoto bis-
pinoso; antennis % elongatis, articulo primo brevi, globoso, ultimis 5
in clavam ovalem glutinatis ; 9 brevibus, primo articulo tertio breviore,
3° elongato, 4°, 5° mediocribus, ultimis 5 in clavam subglobosam
glutinatis; abdomine % apice fisso, segmentis 2-3 subtus processibus 2
instructis.

Masaris vespoides Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. II, 1863, 69, Pl. iv;
Hil, 673.
*. Total length, 9 lines; expanse of wings, 15$ lines.
Q. Total length, 8 lines; expanse of wings, 14 lines.

Male.—Clypeus subquadrate, deeply emarginate, with the
angles rounded; mandibles somewhat obtuse, with two indenta-
tions near the apex. Antenne a little longer than the head and

6 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

thorax; Ist joint short and thick, 3d to 6th about equal, some-
what flat; 7th shorter, the 5 apical joints soldered into a broad
oval knob, slightly concave beneath; the sutures somewhat
distinct beneath. Metathorax forming on each side a somewhat
flattened square angle, armed with an acute spine. Anterior
femora rather curved and tibie dilated; posterior tibiz armed .
with two spurs, one of which is elongate and deeply bifid. Tarsal
claws simple. Abdomen elongate, convex above, gradually
narrowed posteriorly ; apical segment subquadrate, deeply emar-
ginate at the apex, with two longitudinal caring, each bearing a
small obtuse tubercle on the posterior third of the segment; 2d
and 3d segments beneath with a bifid projection at their base ;
that of the 3d very prominent and arined posteriorly with an
acute spine.

Body black; clypeus, apex of the labrum, middle of the mandi-
bles, a transverse dilated line between the antenne and the inner
and outer orbit of the eyes above the antenne, yellow; antennz
above, with the base of the first and second joints black; the
apex of Ast, inner side of 2d, and the 4 following joints, yellow;
the anical joints yelléwish, varied with fuscous, blackish beneath.
Anterior margin of prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, wing
scales and a spot above, apex of scutellum and angles of meta-
thorax yellow. Legs yellow, at base black. Each segment of
the abdomen above with a submarginal yellow indented band ;
apical segment with a quadrilobed yellow spot. Wings stained
with yellowish, nervures honey yellow about the base, fuseous
toward the apex.

Female.—Form shorter. Clypeus widely and deeply emar-
ginate, very coarsely punctured, roughly folded and reticulate at
the top. Labrum carinated, elongated and rounded at tip.
Forehead carinated transversely between the antenne. Head
and thorax densely, metathorax finely punctured; scutellum
polished. Mesothorax carinated. The thorax depressed; the
angles of metathorax flattened and depressed, terminating in an
acute spine. Abdomen finely punctured; the segments very
little constricted at base. First joint of the anterior tarsi rather
dilated. |

Black, with fulvous pubescence. Antenne fulvous; the Ist
and 2d joints blackish, the Ist yellow at tip; the club obscure
on the upper side, blackish at tip. Palpi, the middle of mandi-

MASARIS. 7

bles, borders of labrum at base, a transverse line at top of clypeus
and orbits of the eyes behind and over the emargination, yellow.
Anterior border of prothorax and sometimes also the posterior
edge, tegule, a spot under the wings and the angles of the meta-
thorax, yellow. All the abdominal segments bordered by a wide
yellow band, the first beneath interrupted ;‘ the three follow-
ing more or less emarginate in the middle, and with a black
transverse spot on each side. Anal segment with two yellow
macule. Feet yellow; black at base. Wings a little grayish,
with basal and costal veins ferruginous. Madial cell having its
ereater width in the middle of its length; 2d recurrent vein in-
serted after the middle of the border of the 2d cubital cell.

The yellow ornaments of % vary much in form and extent;
still more in ?, the bands being of very different width, emargina-
tion, spots, ete. The bands are sometimes emarginated in midale,
and even interrupted on each side by the emargination. Some-
times the fascia at head and thorax are divided into several dots.

Var. a. Sides of clypeus and labrum not margined with yel-
low; no spot on the mandibles; a yellow spot at top of clypeus.

b. No yellow spot beneath the wings, no spots on mesothorax.

ce. Metathorax with posterior angles slightly produced and
tipped with yellow.

This insect differs from I. marginalis by its very rough clypeus,
by the carina of the forehead, its depressed thorax, by the spines
of metathorax, ete.

It has much resemblance to IL vespiformis; but the knob of
the antennee of the % is shorter; the projections of the 2d and
3d ventral segments are also differently constructed, that on the
2d segment of the American species being less developed and
bifid, while that of the 3d segment is strongly developed, bifid,
and bearing an acute spine behind. The antenn of the ? are
very different ; the Ist joint being shorter than in JZ vespiformis,
and the apex more swollen, as in Celonites. The color and dis-
tribution of the markings of 2 is also very different, JZ vespi-
formis 2 having its ornaments rufous and much more developed.
Nevertheless the two species are so closely allied, that it is im-
possible to separate them generically.

Inhabits Rocky Mountains, Pike’s Peak. (Coll. Ent. Soe.
Phila. )

8 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

This fine insect was discovered by W. J. Howard, and described
by E. T. Cresson. Numerous individuals were taken by Ridings
in Colorado Territory on a plant allied to Lobelia.

2. M. zomalis Cress.—Nigra, fusco-hirta; antennarum articulis 4, 5
brevibus; clypeo arcuatim emarginato; thorace parum depresso;
scutello carinato ; metanoto utrinque canthum compressum longe spi-
nosum efficiente; corpore valde sulfureo-variegato; abdomine fasciis
completis 5; ano bimaculato; alis subferrugineis. 9.

M. zonalis Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. III, 1864, 674,2. 9. 4%.
?. Total length 15 mill.; wing 8-9 mm.

9. Clypeus notched in arc of circle, convex, finely punctured.
Labrum triangular, rounded at tip, pubescent, with fulvous
hairs. The whole insect very finely sculptured. Thorax but
little depressed. Metathorax flattened behind, but not depressed ;
the angles compressed into strong carine, armed on each side
with a long spine, as in J. vespoides.

Black, with brown hairs. Antenne fulvous; scape black, with
a yellow spot; 2d joint black; 3d yellow; those following very
short; the club blackish above. Mandibles, a spot in the fore-
head, the whole orbits, the hind margin of prothorax, and (partly
or completely) the fore margin, a spot under the wing, tegule,
post tegule, margin of scutellum and the angles of metathorax,
sulphur-yellow. A complete and regular submarginal fascia on
all the segments of the abdomen; beneath, only lines of macule ;
6th sezment above, with two yellow spots. Feet black at base,
vellow from the knees to the end. Wings as in the preceding,
with ferruginous veins; radial cell rather brown; Ist recurrent
vein inserted nearly at the inner angle; the 2d about in the
middle of the 2d cubital cell. |

Var. A yellow spot on the clypeus; 2 spots on the forehead ;
antenne more black; a yellowish tip on the coxe. Fasciz of
the abdomen a little emarginated ; the band of the 6th complete.

%. A larger subquadrate spot beneath the insertion of the
antenne, and the clypeus and labrum pale yellowish-white.
Clypeus shaped like that of WM. vespoides %, but more flattened
and less deeply emarginate at tip; antenne rather longer than
head and thorax, proportioned as in Vespoides $, except that
the club is not at all flattened beneath ; the joints pale yellowish-

MASARIS. ; )

white above or rather exteriorly, the two basal joints more or less
black above at base, the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints at tip
beneath, and the whole of the remaining joints beneath, pale ful-
vous; the club above at tip, more or less black; the five articu-
lations of the club are closely soldered together, the sutures
indistinct. Wings asin I. vespoides %. Legs shaped as in
Vespoides %, except that the anterior tarsi are scarcely ciliated,
and the basal joint of the posterior tarsi is scarcely as long as the
four remaining joints together, shaped like that of Vespoides % ;
shining black; all the segments except the terminal one, with a
continuous pale lemon-yellow band; those on the five basal seg-
ments more or less emarginate on each side anteriorly ; the band
on the sixth seement generally entire; apical segment. black,
polished, deeply bifid or forked at tip when viewed from above ;
when viewed in profile the tip. is rather broad and obtusely
emarginate, the lower process being the shortest and stoutest ;
when viewed endwise the tip has a subtriangular shape, concave,
more or less lemon-yellow, with the lower process rather deeply
emarginate; venter flattened, shining black, most of the segments
with a lateral yellowish spot; the second segment with a more
or less developed fold anteriorly, obtusely emarginate on the
middle; on the disk of the third segment a large, robust, well-
developed process, obtuse at tip, but with a short, stout, subacute
spine posteriorly, similar to that of Vespoides %, but less
developed. Length 5 lines; expanse of wings 9 lines.

This species is nearly the miniature of Vespoides, but is never-
theless a very true species.

The male differs from that of JZ vespotdesin several points of
structure, viz., the club of the antenne is rounded and not flat-
tened beneath, the basal joint of the posterior tarsi is scarcely as
long, while in Vespoides % it is almost twice as long as the re-
maining joints; the apical segment of the abdomen differs much
from Vespoides %, in having no carine on the disk, and in the
tip being much more deeply bifid, both above and beneath, and
the projection on the third ventral segment more robust, and not
compressed or emarginate at tip as in Vespoides %.

In the 9 the thorax is less depressed, but a little more than in
marginalis. The yellow ornaments are more abundant; the
abdominal fasciz entire.. The scutellum is carinated, while it is

10 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

not in Vespoides; the fore part of the mesothorax is also carinated,
but the hind part is depressed, while in Vespotdes it is rather
elevated. The 4th and 5th joints of the antenne are quite short,
while in Vespotdes the 4th is longer than broad.

Hab. Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory.

Mr. Ridings discovered this species in August on a plant most
likely to be of the genus Phacelia.

3S. M. margimalis Cress.—Nigra, tenuissime punctulata; thorace
quadrato, haud depresso, angulis metanoti compressis, haud spinosis ;
macula frontis, marginibus pronoti, tegularum abdominisque segmento-
rum 1-5 margine luteo; tibiis et tarsis luteis. 9.
M. marginalis Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. III, 1864, 677, 9.

9. The whole insect, including the head and clypeus very
finely punctured, coriaceous. Thorax quadrate, a little longer
than wide, not depressed asin M. vespozdes, very finely punctured,
a little rougher along the anterior margin of mesothorax. Clypeus
convex, not carinated, not so much emarginate as in Vespoides.
Labrum triangular, with the tip truncate and rounded; its margin
and pubescence fuscous. The angles of metathorax not depressed,
but compressed, not spined. Pubescence black (or grayish, when
not fresh). Palpi, tip of mandibles, a line along the orbits behind
and on the upper part of the sinus in front, a transverse line or 2
spots at the insertion of the antenne, luteus. Antenne fulvous;
the 1st joint and upper part of the club, blackish; the other joint
rather obscure on the upper side. Border of anterior and posterior
edge of prothorax (more or less), and outer half of teguiz, whitish.
Abdominal segments 1-5 adorned above with a narrow whitish
band, not quite marginal, sometimes interrupted; at least the
first. Tibiz luteus, tarsi fulvous. Wings hyaline, with ferru-
vinous veins; radial cell pear-shaped, narrowly produced at its
inner extremity; both recurrent veins inserted before the middle
of the 2d cubital cell.

Var. The bands of head and thorax replaced by mere dots;
clypeus with a white line; a macula on the pleura beneath the
wing; anal segment with 2 white dots; the 3d segment beneath
with a row of white dots.

Differs from JL vespoides by the finer punctuation, not rough
clypeus, not carinated labrum, by its forehead without carina, ete.

Hab. Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory.

MASARIS. Bt
This insect, like the preceding, was discovered by Mr. Ridings.

I have a specimen of each of the three species here described
through Mr, Edw. Norton

Tre ODYNERIN TZ.’
« (Solitary Wasps.)

Nails of the tarsi unidentate. Clypeus never terminated by a
tooth; mandibles long, prolonged in the form of a sharp beak,
or truncate, trenchant or dentate ; lip lengthened, often very long,
always quadrifid, its lateral lobes forming long prongs separated
even to its base and articulate.

In general, each of the four divisions of the tongue has at its
extremity an opaque horny point; but in some cases these points
disappear, and the lobes become very long, linear and plumose
(Synagris).

Antenne scarcely clubbed, lengthened, simple in the 9° ; ter-
minated in the & by a hook, or twisted spirally at the extremity,
or simple. Hyes strongly emarginate; thorax always wide
before ; metathorax not prolonged.

The abdomen is quite variable, but the second segment is
always the largest; those following are retractile, and can easily

be forced back into the second.

The solitary wasps have not the nabit of living in soviety, and
it is this characteristic which establishes the principal difference
between the Odynerine and Vespine; for those distinctions which
are drawn from their organization are not of much consequence,
and can be reduced to the difference of elaws, which in the soli-
tary wasps are armed with one tooth, and are simple among the
social. The solitary wasps have, in fact, more carnivorous in-
stincts. Although nourishing themselves by sucking flowers, they
attack very many larve, spiders or other animals, to provide food
for their offspring. Their larve are carnivorous, although the per-

! See on page 2 and 3 the table to aid in distinguishing the Odynerine
and Vespine.

12 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

fect insects sustain themselves by sucking vegetation. The Ody-
nerine establish their nests in holes in walls, in the hollow interior
of the stems of certain plants, or in habitations which they con-
struct in the open air, of clay or of some vegetable and gummy
substances. The eggs deposited in these nests are abundantly
provided with larve or insects stupefied and reduced to a state
of living mummies by the effect of the poison of the mother.
These animals so inclosed are incapable of defending themselves,
but retain sufficient life to prevent decomposition, and serve for
the support of the larve of the wasps. The nests, after having
been provisioned, are carefully closed by the mother with clay,
with just sufficient covering that the young insect can pierce it to
escape when it has undergone its last transformation.

Certain species of Odynerine (Zethus) appear to manifest a
tendency toward social habits; they form small agglomerations
of nests which resemble a little the irregular nests of humble
bees (Bombus), but grouped yet more confusedly. But there
always prevails this difference between the cells formed by the
social and those made by the solitary Hymenoptera that the first
have a cylindrical inner space, while the second are rather ex-
tended masses which are not in regular juxtaposition, so that they
seem more like spheres and ellipsoids joined together, than cells
constructed side by side on a general plan. In-other words, the
solitary species never seek to form a comb, although they some-
times form agglomerations of cells. The most part of them do
not construct these rough cells one upon another, but disperse
them into different positions. - ,

I. THE ANOMALIPENNES.
The first recurrent nervure received by the second eubital cell;
the second recurrent nervure received by the third cubital cell.
I. Lip extremely lengthened, bent back under the sternum ; man-
dibles truncated obliquely, having terminal teeth.
Genera: Raphiglossa Saunp. —Silenog/ossa Sauss.

Not known to be represented in America.

II. Lip shorter; Mandibles moderately long, sharp.

GAYELLA—ZETHUS, ie

Gen. GAWELLA Sprivn

Mandibles forming a beak by their union; labial palpi com-
posed of four articles; maxillary, of six. First segment of the

abdomen contracted in the form of a knob or an inflated disk.

1. Gayella eumenoides Spry.

Gayella eumenoides Spinou. Gay’s Fauna Chilena (Hist. fisica de Chile),
Zool. VI, 1851, 333, 1, pl. ii, fig. 2.—Sauss. Vespides, I, 1852, 6, pl.
viii, fig. 4,

Hab. Chili.
Il. THE NORMALIPENNES.

The two recurrent nervures received by the second cubital
cell.

Legion I. The Zethites.

Mandibles short, obliquely truncated at the extremity, with
teeth placed on the oblique border of the truncation, and so rather
terminal than lateral (vide Saussure, Vespides, I, pl. ii, 1c, 3c;
pl. ili, lc, 8c); forming by their union an obtuse beak.

Gen. ZETHWS Farr.

Mandibles short, obliquely truncated, and in seneral armed
with teeth placed on the oblique terminal border. Lip and jaws
lengthened ; labial palpi composed of 3-4 not feathery articles;
the maxillary, of 6. |
" Head large, expanded, in general wider than the thorax, dis-
coidal or wider than long, swelled behind the eyes and emarginate
like an are of a circle on its posterior face. Antenne inserted
in the middle of its height. Clypeus rounded or in a large
Square, in general wider than long.

Thorax slightly contracted before, sharply truncated on its
anterior extremity, so that there is a space in the form of a
circle between the head and anterior border of the prothorax ;
this last generally flanged, carrying a crest in form of a sharp

plate or edge.

14 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Abdomen pediculate; the first segment in the form of a petiole,
linear at its base, next inflated, and finally more or less con-
tracted at its extremity, which renders the inflation globular or
elliptical. The second segment, in form of a rounded bell, is
often pediculate.

Sexual differences.—The males have the clypeus transverse,
qaadrate, broad. Their antenne are terminated either by a hook,
or by a spiral... The females have the antenne simple and the
clypeus discoidal, often convex or lozenge-shaped, transverse.

Insects American.

This genus is easily recognized by its peculiar face, its trans-
verse clypeus, large head, and the singular form of its abdomen.?

Among the Zethus the mandibles are quite short, overlapping
beneath the clypeus; their triturating edge is terminal, not lateral
as among the Humenine.

The size of the head is such that the eyes dd not entirely
eover the cheeks. The metathorax has such variable forms that
it recalls what one sees in the Odynerus; one can always here
distinguish two lateral ridges, which extend from the base of the
wing to the insertion of the petiole, as in certain Odynerus
(Hoplopus or E'pipone). ,

The petiole is quite variable. Its expansion produces a form
sometimes globular, sometimes more lengthened. The 2d abdomi-
nal segment, whether subsessile or long pediculate, has the form
of a bell or compressed oval. It is dilated suddenly (globularly),
or gradually (like a pear). Its posterior border always presents
two distinct foliations, the inferior projecting remarkably. This

1 It is not possible to establish a definite limit between these two forms:
for often, with the hook, there also commences a spiral. When the spiral
is very distinct, the 13th article, in place of terminating in a point as when
it forms a hook, is lengthened, curved and obtuse. (See Saussure, Vespi-
des I, pl. ii, fig. 3, d.)

2 The Zethus were mostly confounded with the Eumenes up to the time
when I reunited the species in one genus, of which the buceate characters
and the general form are too distinct to admit of any confusion. But I
could not entirely separate from the genus Humenes, some species which
I had not seen, and of which, even as wasps, the descriptions were incom- -
plete (Z. rufinoda Lep.; £. substricta HAup., etc.).

~

ZETHUS. 15

form of the two first segments recalls specially that of Icaria
(Social Wasps).

In general with Zethus, above all among the small species, the
head and thorax are cribrose with coarse punctures. These some-
times extend upon the petiole, but commonly the metathorax is
less punctured and the abdomen very smooth.

Most of these insects are colored black and yellow; but the
yellow markings are often wanting, and the variations are very
numerous.’

The genus Zethus is particularly interesting in view of its
zoological affinities. In fact, here the head becomes large and
excavated posteriorly, as in the Vespine; the mandibles are short
as among them; and one remarks a certain relationship in the
appearance or some resemblances which seem to establish an
affinity with the Social Wasps ;? while in the construction of the
parts of the thorax, one recognizes some traces of the forms of
the Odynerine sessiliventres.

Zethus seems also to establish a lien between the Odynerine
and the Social Wasps by their habits; for the Zethus, although
certainly solitary insects, construct nests composed of irregular
cells, few in number but agglomerated, which is probably a pre-
liminary step in the series toward the construction of numerous
serried and regular cells. (See Zethus Romandinus.)

Even with all the gradations of form which we observe in
passing from one to another in this genus, we do not think that
one can divide the Zethus into more genera. Even the Asiatic
type Calligaster seems so intimately attached to Ze/hus that we
ean scarcely keep it separated now that more numerous Asiatic
Species are known.

In conclusion, the genus Zelhus is a very numerous American
group, peculiarly abundant in the intertropical parts of this con-
tinent. In the United States it is represented by but one known
Species; while in Mexico we find a very great number, whieb
seem to be but an indication of a very much greater number which
must exist in the other parts of tropical America.

' From my ignorance of this fact, I regret having published in my Mono-
graphie des Gnepes Solitaires, descriptions of a certain number of species
of Zethus, the distinctions of which are founded especially on the distribu-
tion of colors.

2 See below, the division Zethus.

16 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

This circumstance promises to render the study of the species
exclusively difficult.

Division ZETHUS! (sensu strictiore).
(Sauss. Vespides I, 9, III, 115.)

Second abdominal segment subsessile ; expansion of the petiole
globular, lengthened. Thorax moderately lengthened. Meta
thorax convex, presenting two rounded convexities, separated by
a groove. Antenne of the males terminated by a spiral. The
6th abdominal segment bearing underneath two lamellar appen-
dages (copulative’?). Species large, having a feeble sculpture,
but not polished and with a dull metallic color.

It is impossible not to be struck with the resemblance of these
insects to the Synoeca. The same form of head, indented be-
hind, the same dull metallic color, great size, pediculate abdomen, °
mandibles almost the same form, ete.

The representatives of these two genera inhabit also the same
countries of America. There is, in their color and appearance,
one of those analogies which we sometimes find impressed upon
insects of the same regions of our globe,’ and this seems especi-
ally one of those openings that modern zoology should carefully
mark as suitable to cast some light on the relationship of species.

1. Z. coeruleopennis® Fase.
Vespa caruleopennis FaBr. Ent. syst. Suppl. 263, 1798.
Zethus ceruleopennis Fasr. S. P. 282, 1.—Larr. Gen. IV, 137; Encycl.
pl. 393, fig. 12, 13.—Sauss. Vespides, I, 9,1: Revue Zool. X, 1858, 64.
Zethus brasiliensis Sauss. Vespides I, 10,2, 9; III, 115, & (prob. variety
of this species).
Zethus magnus Sauss. Vespides I, 11, 4, pl. viii, fig. 5, 4.

Abdominis petiolo globoso-clavato, sulco tenuissime partito.

Hab. South America, Cayenne, Para, Brazil, Quito.

! T have separated from this division a certain number of small species,
which have very much the same form of abdomen, but which, by their
clypeus and the angular form of the metathorax, find a more natural
place in the division Zethusculus. :

2 The Vespides of Chili present a yet more striking example of this.
See below Hypodynerus.

3 The Vespa surinama Lixn. (Gmel. V, 2759, 23), is either this species
or a Synoeca,

ZETHUS. an |

2. Z. recurvirostris Dr Grrr.
Vespa mexicana Linn. 12, Kdit. 953, 6.—Oxtv. Encycl. Meth. Ins. VI, 673.
Vespa recurvirostris De Geer. Mém. III, 579, pl. 29, fig. 4, 1773.
Vespa cyanipennis Fasr. Ent. syst. Il, 277, 86,1793; Polistes cyani-
pennis, S. P. 275, 30.
Zethus cyanipennis Latrr. Genera, IV, 138.—Ericus. Faun. et Flor. Brit.
Guiana, ILI, 590.—Sauss. Vespides, I, 12, 6; III, 116; Revue Zool.
*X, 1858, 63.
Eumenes eyanipennis Lar. Hist. Crust. et Ins. XII, 345.
Zethus lugubris Perty, Delect. An. Artic. 144, pl. 27, fig. 4, 1830.—Sauss.
Vespides, I, 11,5; Revue Zool. X, 1858, 63.
Clypeo 9 lato, satis rotundato, truncato; petiolo ovato-clavato, nigro vel
rufo.

Hab. Brazil. Does not seem to inhabit Mexico.

3. Z. Chalybeus Sauss.
Zethus chalybxus Sauss. Vespides, I, 10, 3; Revue Zool. X, 1858, 63.

Clypeo 2 transverso, rhomboidali, utrinque acute angulato, apice trun-
cato, bidentato.

Hab. Brazil.

4.2. Carbomarius Smiru.
Zethus carbonarius Surry, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespid. 10, 5.

Hab. Brazil, River Amazon.

Division HEROS.
(Sauss. Vespides, III, 115.)

Clypeus lozenge-shaped, transverse, forming on each side a
sharp lateral angle; abdomen depressed, its second segment sub-
sessile, enlarging gradually. Head swollen at vertex, and con-
vex. Ocelli arranged upon a very oblique, almost vertical plane.

5. Ze SISAS SPIN.

Zethus gigas Srivoza, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. X, 1841, 129, 80.—Savss. Ves-

pides, I, 12, 7; Is. If, 115.

Calligaster heros Sauss.' Vespides, I, 23, 1, 2, pl. ix, fig. 6, 1852.
1 This name was given by De Haan; but it is a collective name, and
after having cited Haan, for satisfaction, in the deseription of the species,
we here suppress the name; considering that we do not recognize the col-
lective naine, as we have said elsewhere, and do not wish, by setting an
example, to preserve it.

2

18 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Hab. South America. Cayenne.

This type has very much the form of Zethusculus, on the part
of its clypeus, and yet this form of clypeus appears in Z. spinipes.

Division ZETHUSCULUS Savuss.
(Sauss. Vespides, I, 15; III, 118.)

Second abdominal segment subsessile, or briefly pediculate (the
pedicle having at most a quarter the length of the segment).
Petiole lengthened, its inflation variable.

Species small, ornamented with black and yellow.

The insects of this group often have the clypeus armed with
two little separated teeth; this part is in general moderately
rounded, but is at times lozenge-shaped, as in the division Heros,
with the lateral angles sharp (Z. spinipes); the head and thorax
are cribrose with great punctures, often rugose—the vertex offer-
ing frequently a corrugation which includes the antenne. The
thorax is generally short, and at times strongly angulate; the
metathorax in particular is sometimes convex as with the true
Zethus, and at times becomes angulate. The lateral ridges are
very distinct and the flanks beneath are smooth, compared with
the rest of the thorax. The posterior face of the metathorax is
convex, having two convexities or moderately flattened eleva-
tions, always velvety, Jess punctured than the rest of the thorax,
and in general covered with striz or wrinkles, silky upon the
dividing groove. Sometimes the posterior face of the metathorax
is concave and offers under the post-scutel a little excavation,
which recalls what one sees among certain Odynerinz. *One
often perceives, aiso, two longitudinal carine which start from the.
angles of the post-scutel.1_ When these carine become enlarged,
they produce ridges which border the cavity (Z méniatus).

The petiole is quite variable; sometimes the knob is elliptical
and depressed, but more often the swelling is moderately cylin-
drical; at first somewhat large, it then diminishes in size gradu-
ally to the extremity. In fine, it inclines to the campanular form,
whether lengthened pyriform, or clubbed and calling to mind the
Humenes or even tubular; but the other characters always suffice

1 When I say: metathorax bicarinate, it is meant that the carine exist
on the posterior face of the metathorax; for as the /ateral edges or ridges
are found on all the species, I do not mention them in the descriptions.

ZETHUS. 19

to enable one to distinguish these exceptional species from the
Humenes (viz.: the clypeus transverse and not longitudinal, the
mandibles truncate and not tapering, the head emarginate behind).
The petiole is, in general, less strongly punctured than the thorax,
more strongly than the abdomen.

Among the species of this division the antenne of the males
are terminated, sometimes by a rolled-up spiral, sometimes by a
hook. They form, in this way, two parallel series, based upon
this character; in each one of them one sees the second abdominal
segment at one time subsessile and at another becoming more and
more pediculate. ‘These two series continue in the Didymogastra.
The two forms of antennee combine with all the degrees of pro-
longation of the abdomen, thus showing that the character drawn
from the manner of termination of the antenne is not of any
generic value.

As the most of the insects of this genus are not well described
in my “Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides” I will here give a
diagnosis of the species of Meridional America which I have
before my eyes :—

A. Antenne of the males terminated by a rolling-up spiral.

a. Petiole presenting a nodulous or ovoid expansion.

G. Z. arietis Fasr.—Niger, capite et thorace valde cribratis. Clypeus
cribratus, integer, apice subtruncatus. Pronotum vix carinato-margi-
natum; metanotum minus rugosum, sericeum, in medio excavatum,
striatum. Petioli tumor haud nodosus, elongatus ut in Z. Westwoodi
at angustior, nitidus, tenuiter punctatus ; abdominis 2m segmentum
paulum (sed distincte) petiolatum, elongatum, ovato-dilatatum (non
globoso-dilatatum ut in Z. spinipede, Westwoodi, ete.). Petiolus et pedes
rufi; ale infuscatew cyanee; % antennis subtus apicem versus fulvis.
Longit 0.017.

Vespa arietis Fasr. Ent. Syst. Il, 1793, 282.—Oniv. Encyel. Meth. Ins.
II, 676.

Polistes artetis Far. Syst. Piez. 280, 50.

Zethus arietis Sauss. Vespides, I, 14, 11; Revue Zool. X, 1858, 64.

Hab. Brazil.

?

%. @. rufinodus Larr.
Eumenes rufinoda Larr. Genera, IV, 1809, 187, pl. xiv, fig. 5.—Sauss.
Vespides, I, 42, 19.
Zethus rufinodus Sauss. Vespides, III, 118, 4, pl. vi, fig. 3, 2.

20 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [ PART i.

May be a variety of the preceding.

Hab. Autilles.

§. Z. piriformis Sriv.—?. Ater, nitidus, punctatus, sed nihilominus
politus ; clypeo et fronte planatis; illo apice subemarginato, margine
punctato, de reliquo levi, substriato; pronoto valde cristato-marginato,
sed haud bidentato, postscutello et metanoto velutinis, argenteo-sericeis,
hoc parum striato, supra utringue levi; petiolo ovato-inflato, nitido,
punctulato, margine flavo-limbato; secundi segmenti margine subja-
cente producto; reliquis valde punctatis ; antennis subtus apicem versus
ferruginescentibus; alis hyalinis, costa anguste nigra; cellula 2?
cubitali trigonali. Longit 0.017.—Variat secundo segmento flavo-limbato.
Zethus piriformis Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. X, 1841, 135.—Sauss. Vespides,

Tedd, 2:
Zeihus binodis Sauss. (per errorem) Vespides, I, pl. viii, fig. 8.

Hab. Cayenne.

This species is remarkable for its body appearing smooth,
although punctured, having the punctures apparently effaced. I
cannot say with certainty if this is really the species described
by Spinola. The 2d segment of the abdomen is swelled suddenly,
and globular, a.character which distinguishes this Zethus from Z.
Sraternus.

9. Z. fratermus Savss.—Niger, punctatus; punctis 2 frontalibus
fiavis. Pronotum paulum cristato-marginatum. Seutellum convexum,
suleo partitum. Metanotum minus punctatum, sericeum, elunibus
2 convexis, sulco profundo sejunctis et utrinque carina verticali spatium
striatum marginante instructis (non sunt ille carine laterales metanoti,
sed faciei postice). Petiolus ovatus, sat brevis, punetatus, margine
flavo; abdominis secundum segmentum distincte petiolatum, ovato-dila-
tatum. Ale infuscate, costa nigra, apice et postice parum obscure.

©. Clypeus in dimidia parte inferiore flavus margine infero recto, dentibus
2 distaniibus nigris; antenne subtus, apicem versus flave. Longit 0.016.

Zethus fraternus Sauss. Vespides, I, 16, 14, 1852; Revue Zool. X, 1858,
163.

Hab. Brazil (lower provinces). Typus in museo Saussuriano.

The swelling of the petiole is a little flattened, and wider than
in Z. piriformis; the second segment is more briefly pediculate,
more gradually swelled and less globular. The body is more
strongly punctured.

ZETUUS. 1) |

0. Z Westwoodi Savss.—Niger, capite et thorace grosse foraminato-
cribratis, metanoto argenteo-sericeo; abdomine valde aureo-sericeo;
petioli ampliatione ovata, elongata, haud clavata; secundo segmento
petiolato; pronoti margine, macula subalari, scutellis, et abd. segmen-
torum 1-2 margine, flavis; alis infuscatis; 9 clypeo integro utrinque
margine flavo; % clypeo flavo, antennis subtus et cochlea fulvis.
Zethus Westwoodi Sauss. Vespides, 1, 1852, 16, 15; ILI, pl. vi, fig. 2, 9.

Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 13 mm.

2. Clypeus polygonal, entire, covered with coarse punctures ;
its inferior border a little truneated and rétroussé. Head and
thorax covered with coarse cribriform punctures; on the forehead
a feeble transverse depression, and above the insertion of each of
the antenne a vertical medial depression extending to the clypeus.
Prothorax angulate; its anterior border edged by a crest in form
of a vertical lamina. Post-scutel unarmed. Metathorax rounded,
smooth, hairy, with little or no punctuation, and covered with a
silky down, in color strongly silvery or a little golden; its exca-
vation has its upper edges moderately distinct; the lateral edges
of the metathorax prominent. Petiole smooth, shining, golden,
like the abdomen: the linear part almost naked, the expansion
much lengthened, oval, occupying most of its length, a little
swelled above. The remainder of the abdomen shining, distinctly
golden, garnished with a silky pile, having cupreus reflections.
Second segment ovate-globular, pediculate, the pedicle occupying
a fifth of the length of the segment; the part swelled (or the
bell), wider than long, but less wide than the length of segment;
the second leaf of its border very prominent.

Insect black; on each side of the elypeus an oval spot, two
dots above the insertion of the antenne, margin of the prothorax,
a spot under the wing and scutels, yellow or orange. A border
of this color occupies the margin of the two first segments; that
of the first extending along the sides of the petiole (these mark-
ings. are liable to be wanting, particularly on the head and the
prothorax). The remainder of the abdomen and the second
margin of the second segment, ferruginous. Antenne and legs
black. Wings smoky, the anterior borders brown with a violet
reflection. Wing scales yellow or brown.

The % as large as 2; clypeus yellow, slightly bidentate (a
third hardly perceptible tooth between the two laterals). Fla-
gellum of the antennz yellow beneath, especially under the

22 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

terminal bend, which is sometimes entirely tawny. The yellow
or tawny border of the prothorax is interrupted by some black
points in both sexes.

Var. Size small, 13 mill. Prothorax black.

Ress. a. diff—Approaching to Z aztecus, but very distinet
by the pedicle of the second segment being sensibly longer; by
the petiole, of which the inflation is more lengthened, which does
not form any prominence above and which is not strongly punc-
tured.

Hab. The hot regions of the gulf side of Mexico. Tampico.

N. B.—The type from which I first described this species, J. L.,
has the “etiquette” Pefion de los Baiios, a locality of the valley
of Mexico (cold region). This should be an error of the
“etiquette,” for I have myself taken this species in the region
approaching the hotter zone of Mexico.

Li. Z. Jurimei Savuss.—Gracilis, niger, nitidus ; capite et thorace tenni-
ter punctatis (punctis quasi obliteratis) ; hoc nitido, metanoto brevi, albi-
-dosericeo, planato. Petiolus ovatus, valde dilatatus et maxime depressus,
nitidus, vix punctatus ; secundum abdom. segmentum basi petiolatum,
dein globoso-dilatatum, ut petiolus nitidissimum; segmenta reliqua
punctata. Pronoti margo, macula subalaris et tegularum limbus posti-
cus, puncta 2 in scutello, macule 2 rotundate in metanoti parte imma,
flava; abd. segmentorum limbus tenuissime albidus vel flavus. Ale
infuscate.. Longit, 0.015 mm.

*,. Clypeus flavus, sericeus, superne niger, et margine tenuissime nigro,
subbidentato; antenne subtus apicem versus fulve.

Q. Clypeus integer subtruncatus, niger, sublevis.

Zethus Jurinei Sauss. Vespides, I, 1852, 15,13; III, 118; Revue Zool. X,
1858, 162.

Hab. Antilles? South America. Caracas. (Typus in museo
Genevensi et Saussuriano. )

12. Z. migricornis n. sp.—Nigerrimus, nitidus, punctulatus; meta-
thorace et abdomine cinereo-sericeis ; abdominis petioli margine et linea
submarginali angusta 2' segmenti, sulfureis; alis infumatis, costa nigra ;
? antennis et clypeo planato nigris, % clypeo albido, margine tenuiter
nigro; antennarum flagello subtus albido-annulato; tibiis intermediis
linea albidaornatis.

@ %. Total length 15 mill.; wing 10 mm.

The same form and sculpture as Z aztecus. Jet black, im-
maculate, having only the yellow border of the petiole and a very

,

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f i Ww

5 RS > el FI

2 f
Bs es RS oe
vie OF ta -

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ay

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7.

?
a

— 5 : P ae, e ul
: = wv," - : = = —* 4

ee

tm

pe)

7
?

he

Exminia erbrraceneg Ouse. 9 Black; then clivaty Oth ith a

eee ofan 4 Hype, tere th gee abete mv —iffrr—
i att), evra afurd-

VY apr, SES Dea hey Pee) feel nit fence a

fone, ; Ge fore aU, pe ee

fe egret of CO ED, CUR ae OE mo.

: A ere anol
ARETE AIS la, RSE OG Pera J asf
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ZETHUS. 23

fine submarginal sulphur-yellow line on the 2d segment. The
antenne quite black.

%. Clypeus flattened, only delicately punctate-strigate, a little
trilobed in the middle of its inferior margin; metathorax not so
much hollowed posteriorly ; a little strigate on sides; the exca-
vation not margined at top; the lateral carine very sharp and
prolonged nearly down to the end, not obsolete beyond the angle ;
the lateral faces polished. The swelling of the petiole not so
oval, but more attenuated posteriorly; the second segment more
pediculate, so that it might be almost classed in the Division
Didymogasira.

The body is not clothed with golden silky hair, but only with
a little grayish pubescence on the metathorax and abdomen; the
face or clypeus not silvery as in Z. azlecus.

%. Antenne black; all the joints of the flagellum annulated
beneath at their base with pale-yellow; the first joint having its
macula near the end; the scape black. Clypeus broad, quad-
rangular, transverse, whitish-yellow, not silvery; its inferior edge
black, widely emarginate, with 2 distant teeth. ‘The intermediate
tibiz ornamented before with a white line, running over tlie first
joint of the tarsi.

Hab. Mexico, the eastern Cordillera. Orizaba (Mr. Sumi-
chrast).

This species has the appearance of Z Jurinez, because of its
oval petiole being posteriorly attenuated; and its black shining
color, but it is smaller; its petiole is not impunctate, polished,
ete.

b. Swelling of the petiole cylindrical.

* Metathorax not excavated.

1s. Z. Meydeni n. sp.—Niger, punctatus, tomento aureo ubique ves-
titus ; pronoto cristato-marginato, sed angulis haud spinosis; petioli
tumore cylindrico, subdepresso; corpore maxime fiavo-variegato;
abdominis segmentis omnibus tenuiter flavo-limbatis ; pedibus flavis,
femoribus nigro-variis ; alis pellucidis, venis ferrugineis.

*,. Mandibulis et clypeo flavis ; hoc in medio margine producto-truncato ;
antennis fulvis sub seapo fascia flava, apice cochleatis.

Total length, 16 mm. ; wing, 11 mm.

2. Insect slender. Head wider than high, densely cribrose.
Thorax densely cribrose; prothorax strongly flanged, but the

24 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

angles not spiny; post-scutel feebly bilobate; metathorax con-
vex, slightly divided by a simple furrow, strongly wrinkled—its
lateral edges sharply carinate. Petiole of moderate length, its
enlargement not being oval but in form of a tube slightly flat-
tened, a little compressed behind, punctured; the remainder of
the abdomen pear-shaped, the 2d segment bell-shaped, a little
pediculate, slightly funnel-shaped, offering a second distinct
border, not turned up at edge.

The whole insect of a shining black, everywhere garnished with
a pile of tawny hair; a transverse spot on the forehead, sinus of
the eyes, a spot behind each eye, a large border on the prothorax,
a spot under the wing, wing scales, two spots on the scutellum,
a band on the post-scutel, and two large spots on the posterior
face of the metathorax, vellow. Segments of the abdomen all
narrowly bordered with yellow; legs yellow, thighs varied with
black. Wings transparent, nervures ferruginous.

%. Clypeus yellow, convex, terminated by a truncate projec-
tion; mandibles yellow; antenne entirely orange or ferruginous,
only a little dull above; the scape marked with a yellow line;
the 3 last articles forming a rolled spiral.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is distinguished by the color of
its antenne, and especially by the form of its petiole. This form
resembles a little that of Z miniatus, but that has the angles of
the prothorax dentiform and the petiole more cylindrie and
coarsely cribrose.

The Z Heydent is much less coarsely cribrose than the Z.
Aztecus, Westwoodi, or chrysopterus, which it slightly resembles ;
and the exceptional form of the clypeus, %, also distinguishes it
clearly: for with these species the clypeus is large, quadrate, the
same as with the Z Jurinez, which is less punctured and has the
wings obscure. The enlargement of the petiole is also very much
more globular than among all these species.

Finally, this Zethus might be confounded with some one of |
those species described by Smith, and which we cite at the end
of the genus; but the author having omitted to indicate divisions
into which these species enter, or the characters which permit one
to classify them with precision, it is not possible to recognize
them with certainty. The 7 curinatus presents much the same
appearance, but it is very much smaller.

Hab. Brazil. (Museum of Senkenberg.)

ZETHUS. 25

This charming insect was communicated to me by Mr. de
Heyden.

%* Metathorax excavated ; the excavation margined with sLarp caring.

| Thorax short, quadrate or rounded,

14. Z. Olmecus n. sp.—Niger, thorace crasse, metanoto crassissime
foveolato-punctato; metanoto valde excavato, acutissime carinato ;
petioli tumore cylindrico, rugosissimo, carinato; mandibulis, clypeo,
punctis 2 frontalibus, 2 scutelli et 2 post-scutelli, margineque segmen-
torum 1', 2‘, flavis; pronoto rufo-maculato; femoribus posticis subde-
formibus.

Total length, 11 mill.; wing, 8 mm.

2. Smaller than most of the preceding. Head moderate,
covered with scattered moderate punctures. Mandibles widened
to beyond the middle; the cutting border oblique, having an
acute point, a rounded tooth, and an obtuse lobe. No transverse
carina above the antenne. The vertex having a little arcuate
depression behind the ocelli. Thorax short; prothorax attenuated
anteriorly ; its anterior border crested, the crest forming on each
side a little acute but not marginal angle, the anterior margin
being much narrower than the rest of the thorax; the lateral
parts of. pronotum not margined. Scutel rather salient; post-
scutel destitute of tubercles, quite truncate, having a posterior
face, punctate along its superior arcuated margin. Metathorax
quite angular in shape, as in some Odynerus ; its whole posterior
face occupied by a large and deep sericeous excavation margined
by very sharp and prominent carine, starting from the angles of
the post-scutel; the top of the carine separated from the post-
scutel by a fissure; the inferior extremity of the posterior carine
meeting the lateral sharp carine, and forming with them a sharp
angle; the upper side of metathorax divided into two triangles
included between the carinew. The thorax covered with very large
but not deep punctures; still larger on the metanotum, where they
are nearly little grooves. Petiole having its swelling cylindrical,
extremely coarsely punctured, the punctures very large and con-
fluent; the middle somewhat carinated by the rough sculpture,
the extremity a little contracted and with a large groove; on
each side in the middle an obsolete sort of a tooth; the anterior
extremity of the swelling truncate, polished. Second segment
subsessile, convex beneath at base, but not tuberculous; tenuously

26 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

punctured, but not more on its margin than elsewhere; the third
segment densely punctate; the following impunctured ; the first
margin of the 2d a little arcuate and depressed in the middle ;
the second lamellar margin of 2d and 3d segment growing a little
wider on the sides; that of the 3d rather transversely cut out in
the middle third. Posterior tibiz arcuated, a little deformed.

Black, with a very dull silky reflection, rather fulvous. Mouth,
mandibles, and clypeus, yellow, a little orange, or reddish at top
of clypeus. Scape and the end of flagellum beneath, yellowish
or tawny. ‘Two spots over the antenne, two lines on the vertex
starting from the eyes, and two lines behind the eyes, not marginal,
tawny. Both margins of prothorax and two spots on the lateral
margins of scutellum, yeliowish-tawny ; two spots on the edges
of post-scutel, the margin of petiole and a narrow yellow sub-
marginal line on the second segment, yellow; anterior feet more
or less ferruginous or yellow-tawny beneath. Wings subhyaline ;
veins brown; 2d cubital cell lengthened at base (on the side
looking to the base of the wing).

@. Clypeus rounded, densely and strongly punctured; a little
velutinous ; its inferior margin arcuate, not truncate nor emargi-
nate; its summit a little carinate. The head beneath and around
the mouth, post-sternum and anterior coxe, sulphur-yellow.

%. Clypeus a little wider, having the same shape and color as
in the 9. The oblique cutting border of mandibles with but 2
little notches. Antenne tawny beneath; the last two joints obtuse,
forming nearly a hook. Anterior tibix, tarsi, and thighs beneath
ferruginous; intermediate tibiz beneath and Ist, 2d, and 3d joints
of the tarsi beneath yellow; the 3d segment slightly margined
with yellow.

Var. Prothorax black, with its angles and two marks, tawny.

Hab. Mexico. The Oriental Cordillera. Orizaba (Mr. Sumi-
chrast).

Ress. a. diff.—This is a very distinct species in the remarka-
ble form of its metathorax and the rugosities of its petiole; quite
different from all other Mexican Zethus, except from clypeatus.
It differs by its more excavated metathorax, the excavation being
polished and more carinated, and by its prothorax, more rounded
anteriorly, not square shaped nor crested on the sides; by its
rougher petiole, carinated in the middle, ete. It has such
an extraordinary resemblance to Z. miniatus that it might be .

ZETHUS. 27

considered a Mexican variety of this; but it has the mandibles a
little less indented, the petiole a little thicker and shorter; the
lamella of 3d segment less cut out; and a less high coloration.
It approaches in the same way toward Z. lobulatus.
It differs from Z. toltecusby its short thorax, the carine of
metathorax which converge on each side to a sharp angle, ete.
Its appearance is that of a true Zethus.
Hlab. Mexico. ‘The Oriental Cordillera, Orizaba (Mr. Sumi-
chrast).

45. Z. minmiatus! Savss.—Parvulus, niger, caput et thorax mediocriter
profunde punctata; pronotum cristato-marginatum, angulis spiniformi-
bus ; mesonoti discus sulcis 2 profundis brevibus e scutello emergenti-
bus notatus; post-scutellum angulatum, margine postico subconcavo, et
in lateribus cristulis 2 (ut dentibus e seutelli angulis emissis) in-
structum; metanotum ferrugineum mazime exrcavatum, utringue crista
verticali e post-scutelli angulis emissa instructum ; petiolus cylindricus
rugosissime cribratus; secundo segmento globoso-dilatato, subsessile.
Caput fulvo sericeum, aurantiacum, fronte nigro; mandibulis et anten-
nis aurantiacis; pronotum, macule subalares et scutellares, aurantiaca;
abd. segmenta tenuissime flavo-limbata; ale secundum costam infus-
cate ; pedes antici et intermedii aurantii. Longit, 0.011 mm.

Clypeus 9 discoidalis, 4 subtruncatus; in utroque sexu aurantiacus.
Antenne % apice vix cochleate.

Zethus miniatus Sauss. Revue Zool. X, 1858, 64.

Hab. Para. (Typus in museo Saussuriano. )

16. Z. Lobulatus Savss.
Zethus lobulatus Sauss. Vespides, II, 116, 2, pl. vi, fig. 4, 9, 1854.

Hab. Brazil. Amazon.

tt Thorax elongate, attenwated anteriorly, elliptical.

1%. Z. Voltecus n. sp.—Niger, cinereo-sericeus, punctulatus; thorace
elongato, depresso, antice attenuato; metanoto crassissime foveolato-
punctato, 4-carinato, foveold quadrata inter carinas instructo; petiolo
cylindrico, rugosissimo ; 2° segmento subtus basi tubereulato; clypeo
transverso, rotundato; antennis subtus, mandibulis, capite subtus, linea

1 Perhaps a variety of the following, with the second eubital cell less
. retracted. In this the excavation of the border of the second segment
was probably due to an accident of nature.

28 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PARY I.

post-oculari, punctis 2 pronoti et scutelli, margine abdominis segmen-
torum 1°, 2°, coxis pedibusque anticis, flavis. 9.

Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 8} mm.

Head moderate, moderately punctured; the trenchant margin
of mandibles very obsoletely lobed. Thorax elongate and
depressed, polished, covered with delicate punctures, having a
tendency to strie, but the pleur covered with stronger scattered
punctures, much attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly ; its ante-
rior margin short, margined; the disk of the mesothorax flattened,
with two sulcose places at base; scutellum flattened, not divided by
a Sulcose basin, post-scutellum very small; metathorax elongate,
oblique, triangular, very coarsely punctured (or rather reticulate-
rugose); its lateral caring very sharp, the sides under the carine
polished, but a little reticulated near the carinz, posterior face
having two strong carine, starting from the angles of the post-
scutel, the extremities of which do not meet the lateral carine ;
the space between the middle carinz forming a square excavation,
rather widened posteriorly, polished, furnished with gray seri-
ceous hair, as also the terminal acute angles of metathorax,
behind the end of the middle carine.

Petiole (as in Olmecus) cylindrical, truncate and polished in
front, extremely coarsely punctured, very rugose, a little carinated
at base, the extremity marked with a semicircular groove, and
also constricted on each side. Second segment of abdomen
rather elongate, a little depressed, with quite delicate oblique
punctures ; the punctures beneath stronger, on the base swelled
tuberculously ; the first margin above slightly angular in the
middle, the subjacent lamina very salient on the sides but very
little in the middle; margin of the 38d segment arcuate, the
lamellar edge strongly and broadly cut out in the middle.

Black, furnished with silvery hairs (except on the head, where
they are yellowish); a line of them behind the eyes (but not
marginal) and a line or the scape, yellow; the flagellum of 2 be-
neath yellowish-ferruginous; two dots on the prothorax, two on the
scutel, margin of petiole and a filiform line on the upper margin
of the 2d segment, yellow; prosternum, anterior coxe, and legs,
yellow; intermediate knees and tibiz annulated with yellowish-
brown. Wings washed with brownish, with a golden reflection.

2. Clypeus in a rounded lozenge-shape, truncate at the top and ©

ZETHUS. 29

extremity, but without angles, delicately punctured-strigate.
Clypeus, mandibles, and the under part of the head, yellow.

Ress. a. diff.—This species has just the same form of head and
clypeus and just the same system of coloration as Z. olmecus ;
the petiole is also the same, but the thorax, lengthened, flattened,
very delicately punctured, the metathorax less excavated, with
not so salient earine, make it easy to distinguish. ‘The middle
earine of metathorax stop before reaching the lateral carine.
The appearance of the insect is quite different, and it looks more
like a Discelius (D. zonalis) than like a 4ethus; and this
appearance, due to the elongate thorax, distinguishes it also from
4. niniatus and lobulatus.

Hab. Mexico. Oriental Cordillera (Mr. Sumichrast).

B. Antenne of the males terminated by a hook.

a. Species having the appearance of the true Zethus. Head wider than high;
thorax short, not being one and a half times longer than wide; dilata-
tion of the petiole elliptical or cylindrical, a little contracted behind ; the
second segment of the abdomen in form of a globular bell.

18. Z. spimipes Say.—Medius, niger, nitidus, densissime et grosse
cribrato-punctatus; punctis 2 frontalibus flavis; clypeo lato, 9 nigro,
subbidentato, rugose cribrato; % punctato, albido, surpra nigro; antennis
© atris, % linea in scapo albido; abdominis secundo segmento minus
conspicue punctato, subpedunculato; petiolo inflato, campanulato, grosse
punctato, apice flavo-marginato.—Variat 9 % pronoto, lateribus, scu-
tellis, albido variegatis et abdominis secundo segmento margine albido.

Zethus spinipes Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 387, 9.—Sauss. Vespides, III,

er iee| 10.

Humenes substricta Haup.! Proc. Acad. Phila. II, 1844, 54.—Sauss. Ves-
pides, III, 152, 42.

Zethus variegatus' Sauss. Vespides, I, 13, 9, 09,1852; Revue Zool. X,
1858, 66.

Eumenes pensylvanica Hany. Proe. Acad. Phila. 1853, 365, 4%.

Zethus bicolor Sauss. Vespides, I, 17, 16, 4.

2. Insect of medium size; ocelli disposed in a wide triangle.
Clypeus having the form of a transverse lozenge, twice as wide
as long; having the lateral extremities very sharp, and its ante-

' The collection, with bad locality marks, of M. de Rom&nd, has led me
into very many errors.

30 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

rior border armed with two little distant teeth. Head extremely
dilated at the vertex, strongly excavated behind, wider than the
thorax. Thorax very short, not being one and a half times
longer than wide. Prothorax slightly retracted before, its ante-
rior margin bordered by a sharp projection, which forms on each
side an indistinct angle. Mesothorax carrying on its posterior
part four longitudinal furrows, and upon its anterior part one
middle groove. Scutellum divided by a sinus. Metathorax
offering a feeble concavity, wrinkled and striate. Petiole moder-
ately short, its expansion globular, having almost the same form
as in the Z. cwruleipennis, but less contracted behind and trun-
cate; the second segment globular-ovate, but depressed.

Insect black, polished and shining. The metathorax garnished
with a grayish pile. Clypeus, head, thorax, and petiole densely
cribrose with great punctures: this last carrying near its terminal
border a large sunken place. Abdomen sown with finer punctures,
sometimes very fine. ‘There is often a slight depression toward
the middle of the border of the second segment. A frontal dot at
the insertion of each of the antenne, the border of the prothorax
or only two spots upon the shoulders, often a spot below the
wing, a band or two spots upon the scutellum and the anterior
border of the post-scutel, and also two spots at bottom of the
metathorax, of a pale yellow. Margin of the petiole, and a
narrow border along the margin of the second segment, of the
same color. Feet black. Wings brown, with violet reflections.

%. Smaller. Clypeus wide, moderately rounded, not having
a lozenge shape, its inferior border straight, hardly bituberculate.
This part either wholly or only in its inferior moiety, whitish.
The seape of the antenna before, is ornamented with a whitish
mark; the terminal hook black; on the face is often a little
yellow dot at the side of the insertion of each of the antenne.
The third abdominal segment is often adorned with a whitish
border. This is the Z. substricta Hald. The female presents
the same variations.

Var. a. Scutels, prothorax, and two great spots on the meta-
thorax yellow (Z. variegatus, bicolor).

b. Often the scutels have hardly any spots, and the second
segment is scarcely edged with pale yellow (Z substrictus).
Markings sometimes ferruginous. '

c. Certain specimens are entirely black, with a little yellow

ZETHUS. 31

about the end of the petiole. These are the Z. spinipes Say ( ),
and the Humenes pensylvanica Hald. (% ).

d. Quite black; the clypeus margined with yellow (% ) (Mis-
souri; Edw. Norton).

The punctures vary quite notably among this species. The
head and the thorax are very coarsely cribrose; with the ?, the
clypeus is strongly rugose; the vertex often becomes shining
from use. Among the 9, the clypeus is less strongly cribrose.
The second segment is sometimes hardly at all, sometimes quite
strongly punctured. A specimen from Florida has the swelling
of the petiole very coarsely cribrose.

Ress. a. diff.—Wasily recognizable by its size, which is superior
to that of all the following species, and by its violet wings.

Hab. United States. Conn., Pa., Ill., Tenn., Ind., Fla. (14 &,
6%).

Nota.—As J have already said (loc. cit.), the description given
by Say is very defective, and calls for an interpretation. When
this author says: ‘‘Peduncle rather slender,” it is without com-
parison with the other species, the most of which he did not
know. The “piceous dentate band of the margin of the peduncle”
is but the subjacent double margins, which do not make it dentate
except in the color. The “posterior margin abruptly and
smoothly impressed of the 2d segment,” alludes to the subjacent
lamina on the border of the segment which are salient in almost
all the insects of this genus, and which appear like a more dis-
tinct border than the veritable margin of the segment, which has
the yellow band. By “ tibiz spinous behind,” the author means
without doubt the posterior extremity (which offers a very short
border) armed with stylets common to all the Vespides. (From
this the name spinipes.) Finally, the author says that the second
segment “has a distinct neck at base,” which signifies a very short
neck, for if it had been long, the word distinct was out of place.
This species is not then a Didymogastra, but really a true Zethus
(or Zethusculus), which makes us think, that it really is, without
any doubt, the present species

19. Z. spimosus Sauss. (Fig. 2, 2a.)—Parvulus, niger; capite, tho-
race et petiolo grosse percribratis ; clypeo integro, 2 nigro-sericeo, §
flavo; fronte carina transversa et linea flava; pronoti margine crista-
tissimo postscutelloque spinoso fascia flava; petiolo cylindrico, rugoso,

32 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

flavo-marginato; segmentis tenuiter flavo-limbatis ; secundo sericeo,
nitido, punctato; alis subhyalinis.
Zethus spinosus Sauss. Revue Zool. IX, 1857, 270.

Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

2. Small, excessively rugose. Head large, dilated and con-
vex, densely cribrose with great pits; face carrying a transverse
ridge, which covers the insertion of the antenne. Clypeus almost
transverse, convex, punctured, but much less rugose than the
head; covered with a pile of dull gray silky hair; its inferior
border entire; the middle of this border a little arched.. Thorax
all cribrose with large sunken pits resembling a sieve. Its ante-
rior border carrying a transverse rim in the form of a quite pro-
minent lamina, which prolongs itself a little at the sides, descend-
ing along the margin of the prothorax. Post-scutel armed in the
middle with a spiniform sharp and raised tooth, or rather, with a
spine. The concavity on the posterior truncated face of the
metathorax is divided by a furrow. The metathorax is very
angulate; its lateral ridges very sharp; its posterior concavity
very distinct, striate, bordered by two parallel longitudinal
ridges, beyond which the metathorax is again quite rugose.
Petiole as rugose as the thorax; its base alone smooth; its
expansion lengthened, cylindrical, but little contracted behind,
and cribrose with very large confluent punctures. Seeond seg-
ment globular-ovate, a little pediculate, its pediele hardly equal-
ling a sixth the length of the segment. This segment is polished,
shining and sericeous, although punctured, and appearing as wide
as long when examined from above.

Insect black, with a transverse line on the face, a little dot
behind each eye, margin of prothorax, post-scutel, two pyriform
lines on the metathorax and a line on the border of segments 1,
2, 3, yellow. Sometimes also all the segments are bordered by a
yellow or ferruginous band, and the last segments now and then
ferruginous. Legs black; tarsi and tibie garnished with silky
ferruginous hair; anterior knees spotted with yellow; interme-
diate tibiz with a yellow line; the femora with a spot at end.
Wing scales black, terminated behind by a yellow point by the
side of which is a little yellow process. Wings sub-smoky, with
brown nervures; the 2d cubital cell triangular, quite contracted
anteriorly. |

ZETHUS. 33

%. Clypeus transverse quadrate, either wholly pale-yellow, or
only its lower part; inferior margin entire and arcuate; the last
two articles of the antenne tawny beneath.

Var. a. Two yellow spots on the scutellum.

b. The yellow mark of the frontal ridge and that on the post-
scutel, interrupted; the face presenting but two yellow points.
The border of the prothorax is sometimes sprinkled with black
dots.

ce. The yellow markings hardly visible. Prothorax black.
Legs black; wings a little smoky, with some ferruginous tints and
the nervures brown.

d. The spine of post scutel yellow or black.

e. In small specimens, principally %, the spine is obliterated,
or replaced by a little longitudinal carina.

jf. The peduncle of the 2d segment rather longer; the spine
of post-scutel obliterate.

g. The extreme edge of the clypeus % black, or partly black,
‘which causes very fallacious appearances.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is very distinct, by its ridges,
prominences, and rugosities, by the very large punctures of its
petiole, and especially by the long spine of its post-scutel.

Hab. The gulf side of Mexico, in the warm parts. Tamaulipas,
Huasteca, ete. Verycommonin Tampico. I have taken a score
of specimens in view of the town of Pueblo-Viejo, against posts
exposed to the sun. Various specimens also from Orizaba.

Fig. 2. The insect seen in profile, enlarged. 2, 6. Its natural size. Fig.
2, a. The abdomen more enlarged.

20. Z. imitator n. sp.—Niger, crasse, dense punctatus: metanoto
Le) ? 1
minus erasse punctato; petiolo ovato-cylindrico, crassissime cribrato ;
punctis 2 clypei; 2 frontis, pronoti margine, macula subalari, tegularum
limbo, scutelli fascia interrupta, post-seutelli fascia, maculis 2 metanoti,
, pta, p ,

abdominis segmentorum 10-39 limbo anguste, tibiisque intermediis basi
extus, flavis. 9.

Total length, 12} mm.; wing, 9 mm.

2. Form and sculpture about the same as in spinosus. Head
small. Clypeus much rougher, very coarsely and confluently
punctured, not broad, but rounded, more prolonged and truneate.
A earina between the antenne, prolonged on the elypeus. The
rest of the punctuations about the same, very rough. Prothorax

3

34 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

a little more elongate; its angles very prominent; the post-
scutellum quite destitute of a spine. Metathorax triangular, not
earinated and not so rough. Petiole a little less eylindrical,-a
little more swollen, coarsely cribrate; the beginning of the
swelling punctate like the rest, not polished (as if smelted) as in
spinosus ; 2d segment less globular, more pyriform, only punctate
along its margin.

The ornaments more numerous than in spinosus, having a spot
on each side of the clypeus, two on the face, the scape beneath,
the border of prothorax, a macula under the wing, edges of the
tegule, an interrupted fascia on the scutel and on the post-scutel,
two macule on the metathorax, margin of petiole and a submar-
ginal line on the edge of the 2d and 3d segments, yellow. The
rest of the abdomen brownish; an abbreviated yellow fascia on
the intermediate tibiz. Wings hyaline, a little brownish along
the anterior margin; the 2d cubital cell not anteriorly contracted,
having a distinct radial border.

Ress. a. diff.—This species slightly resembles Montezume but
is very distinct by the rest of its coloration, by its swollen, not
depressed, and more coarsely cribrose petiole; and by the second,
more globular, less elongate segment of the abdomen.

It differs from aztecus and Westwoodi by its more sessile 2d
segment, its more coarsely cribrose and more cylindrical petiole,
its maculated metathorax, without excavation, only parted by a
suleosity ; smaller head, rough clypeus, ete.

It is nevertheless an embarrassing species, intermediate between
spinosus and Montezume.

Hab. Mexico; the Oriental Cordillera (Mr. Sumichrast).

21. Z. clypearis n. sp.—Niger, crassissime dense cribrato-punctatus ;
pronoto acute angulato; metanoto 4-carinato, post-seutelli angulis
dentiformibus; petiolo ovato tumido; punctis 2 frontalibus, pronoti
margine, punctis 2 scutelli et 2 post-scntelli margineque petioli, flavis ;
margine 2' et 3" segmenti sinuato, — premarginali flava; alis
fumosis. 4%.

.

Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

Form and punctures as in Z spinosus. The head very little
wider than the thorax; the thorax short, crested in front, very
square anteriorly ; its angles sharp, a sort of crest bordering the
sides of pronotum up to the wing-scale. Scutel rather salient;

ZETHUS. oD

post-scutel truncate, somewhat emarginate ; its angles seen from
before, elevated as two triangular tecth: Head and thorax quite
densely cribrose with very coarse confluent punctures; the scutel
divided by a flat line. Metathorax coarsely but not so deeply
cribrose, short; its lateral edges very sharp; the posterior face
having two strong vertical carine, starting from the angles of
the post-scutel, but not going down to the extremity ; the channel
between them punctate; the sides of thorax as cribrose as the
dorsum, those of the metathorax not quite so rough. Petiole
quite coarsely cribrose, rather bidentate, with the anterior side
polished, impunctate (as if smelted) as in azlecus, but the swelling
not cylindrical (as in aztecus) but oval, thick, and truncate as in
olomitus. The 2d segment subsessile (its form being a half
sphere), and punctured; its second lamellar edge wide, getting
wider on the sides. The first border of the 3d segment advanced
in the middle; the 2d lamellar border sinuate, advanced in the
middle, and emarginate on each side; getting wider outside of the
emargination. The other segments very delicately punctate.

Black; the pilosity brown; that of the abdomen long and ful-
vous on the 2d and 8d segment. A line on the anterior margin
of the mandibles, two spots over the antenne, anterior border of
prothorax ; two dots on the angles of scutel, two on the post-
scutel, posterior border of petiole, and submarginal border of 2d
and 3d segments, yellow. The posterior margin of prothorax and
the margin of the tegule, brown; the second border of 2d and
ad segment piceous. Knees and tarsi brownish; a yellow macula
at end of the Ist femora; a yellow line on the Ist and 2d tibize
outside; this sometimes tawny. Wings clouded with brown,
with yellowish reflection.

%. Clypeus rather rounded, black, very coarsely cribrose, its
inferior margin with three indentations in the middle, two little
earine terminating in the external teeth; its surface very convex,
having a very prominent transverse swelling, somewhat like a
very obtuse carina; a yellow triangle with the angle turned
downwards extends from that swelling to the end, and terminates
in the middle indentation of the inferior margin. Antenne
rather thickened, terminated by a short biarticulate ferruginous
obtuse hook.

Ress. a. dif/.—This very remarkable species comes quite near
to Z. spinosus, from which it differs by its bidentate, not spined

36 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

post-scutel and by its square, angled, not contracted prothorax ;

by its metathorax and petiole, ete. The very coarse punetation

and very particular details of form of all the parts of the body

distinguish this species from all the other Mexican Zethus, except

from Olmecus with which it must be compared. |
Hab. Mexico. The Oriental Cordillera, Orizaba.

22. Z. Aztecus Sauss. (Fig. 1, 1e.)—Niger, rugose punctatus; pronoto
antice valde cristato; fronte transversim in lineam elevato, flavo-
bipunctato; petiolo ovato-inflato, crasse punctato; secundo secmento
subpetiolato, fulvo-sericeo; pronoti margine, macula subalari, scutelli
maculis 2, post-scutelli fascia abdominisque segmentorum 1-3 limbo,
flavis; alis subhyalinis.

Zethus aztecus Sauss. Revue Zool. IX, 1857, 270.

Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

2. Head, thorax and petiole cribrose with coarse crowded
punctures, but less rough than with Z. cristatus and Z. spinosus.
Clypeus polished, cribrose with more distant oblique punctures,
and hardly notched on its inferior border; the emargination
divided by a little middle tooth; a little wavy transverse carina
on the vertex, forming a sort of extension upon the insertion of
the antennz. Clypeus and orbicles rather silvery. Prothorax
bordered by a vertical Jamina in form of a crest, but which does
not prolong itself upon the sides. Metathorax furrowed, with the
coneavity bordered above and furnished with a pile of gray hairs,
having a slight tawny reflection. Post-scutel unarmed. Swelling
of the petiole neither cylindrical nor globular, but oval, and, as
seen in profile, dilated above. Second segment ovate-globular,
not enlarging itself as suddenly as in the Z cristatus; but it has
no more length of pedicle, and the same silky, golden reflection.

Insect black; two dots on the forehead, border of prothorax,
a spot under the wing, two on the scutel, the post-scutel, and the
border of segments 1, 2, 3 orange-yellow. Wing-secales often
touched with yellow. These colors offer the same variation as in
the species cited; the crest of the vertex being often adorned with
a yellow line, while the metathorax has no spots of this color.?

1 At least in my specimens. It will not do, however, to accept this as
a constant character.

ZETHUS. BE

Feet black; tarsi rather ferruginous. Wings transparent, clouded,
yellowish-brown, with the nervures brown—their reflection
golden-gray.

%. Anterior border of the clypeus notched as in the female ;
the angles of the indenture in the form of teeth, the middle tooth
smaller than the lateral. All the clypeus covered with a silvery
downs; its lower moiety of a yellow color, as well as a line upon
the scape of the antenne. Mandibles yellow in front, the end of
the antenne black, the hook elongate, edged, and sharp; the
terminal joints sometimes a little rolled up.

Ress. a. diff.—It is a little smaller than Z. Westwoodi, and is
distinguished from it by its more swelled and more coarsely punc-
tured petiole, by its more indented, more strongly punctured
elypeus, ete. It has the form of Z. spinosus, but it has no post-
scutellar spine, ete.; and although rather coarsely punctured,
that is really less so than this species.

Hab. Mexico, on the gulf side. Tampico.

Fig. 1. The male enlarged. Fig. 1, a. The head of the male seen from
before. |

Observation.—The figure 1 is not entirely satisfactory: the head not
sufficiently thick, and the second abdominal segment with the pedicle a
little too long.

23. Z Otomitus n. sp.—Niger, dense punctatus; capite et thorace
cinereo-, abdomine fulvo-hirto; antennis nigris, scapo linea flava;
punctis 2 frontalibus, pronoti margine, fascia post-scutelli, abdominisque
segmentorum 1-3 linea marginali, flavis; petiolo ovato-tumido nitido,
punctato, apice truncato, superne impressione transversali; genibus et
tarsis fuscescentibus; alis fusco-aureo nebulosis.—% elypeo trapezino,
fascia submarginali flava.

Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

%. Quite the same form and punctuation as Z. aztecus. But
the clypeus not square, more triangular, wide inferiorly, narrowed
at the summit, or rather in the form of a half cirele, a little con-
vex, densely punctured; the inferior margin wide and transverse;
with a wide transverse emargination and two little teeth. A pale
yellow band oceupies the inferior part, but the extreme margin
is black. The flagellum of the antenne quite black; only the
hook is sometimes brown beneath. The lateral carinwe of the
metathorax a little more pronounced ; the petiole not so coarsely
punctate, a little wider behind, more truneate, somewhat as in

38 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART i,

spinipes; the 2d segment without any impression before its
border; scutel black; no macula under the wing. The interme-
diate femora have no yellow fasciz. The wings are washed with
brown, with a golden reflection; the 2d cubital cell generally
triangular; its radial side wanting or quite short.

Clypeus and head gray-silky; abdomen golden-silky as in
Z. aztecus. °

Hab. Mexico; the Oriental Cordillera. Orizaba. (6 %
sent by Mr. Sumichrast.)

It is not without hesitation that I separate this species from Z.
aztecus; but the clypeus is decidedly of a different form, and the
coloration is quite the same in my six specimens, seeming to in-
dicate a decided species.- The end of the antenne is quite black
as in Az/ecus.

24. Z chrysopterus Savss.-—Niger, ferrugineo-hirtus, stature Z.
Westwoodi; capite latiore quam longiore, dense—punctato. Thorax
valde punctatus, reticulato-rugosus ; pronoti margine cristato, angulis
prominentibus ; scutello sulco partito; metanoto levi, hirsuto, postice
foveola distincta, carinis longitudinalibus 2 marginata instructo. Petio-
lus ovato-cylindricus, inflatus, parte lineari basali brevissima ; secun-
dui segmentum globoso-dilatatum, vix pedunculatum, fulvo-velutinum.
Puncta 2 frontis et pronoti angulorum abdominisque segmentorum .
limbus anguste flava; tarsi ferruginei; ale subferruginee, tegulis piceis
vel flavo-marginatis. Longit. 0.017.

*. Clypeo punctato, dimidio inferiore aurantiaco, margine tenuiter nigro,
bidentato.

Zethus chrysopterus Sauss. Vespides, I, 13, 8, pl. viii, fig. 7, 4%, 1852;
Revue Zool. X, 1858, 66.
Hab. Probably from South America. (Typus in auctoris
museo. )

25. Z. ferrugimeus Satss.
Zethus ferrugineus Sauss. Vespides, I, 14, 10, 1852.

Hab. South America. Para.

26. Z. cimerescems Savss. 9.—Niger, cinereo-sericenus; eclypeo
plano, punctato-striato, bideutato; capite dense punctato; thorace eri-
brato, striato-rugoso, antice cristato, angulato; post-scutello truncato;
metanoto postice producto, rugoso, lateraliter cristato-carinato; in medio
foveolato sed haud bicarinato; petiolo brevi, globoso-clavato, haud
cribrato; abdom. secundo segmento subsessili, sed piriforme-dilatato
(haud globoso), sericeo.—Puncta 2 frontis, pronoti margo, post-scutellum

ZETHUS. 39

et petioli limbus frequenter flava; tarsi fusci; ale infuscat#, secundum
costam nigre, tegulis ferrugineo-marginatis. Lougitudo, 0.015.

Zethus cinerascens Saugs. Vespides, III, 117, 3, 1554.

Hab. Brazil. (2 2 in museo auctoris; typus in museo Tau-
riueuse. )

Z. fraterno affinis, at differt pronoto cristato et angulato,
thorace rugose, petiolo minus punctato et globosiore.

The male is not known; some doubt still exists about the place
this species must occupy.

23. Z. Dighwumnis SPin.

Zethus biglumis Srixoua, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. X, 1841, 135, 83.—Saoss.
Vespides, I, 19, 20.

Hab. Cayenne.

28. Z. discoelioides Savss.—Niger, capite et thorace valde cri-
brato-punctatis, punctis confluentibus rugosis; clypeo rugoso, cri-
brato, subbidentato; pronoto cristato-marginato, biangulato; scutello
sulco partito ; metanoto supra foveola striata instructo, cujus margines
laterales fere cariniformes sunt; abdominis primo segmento brevi, ovato-
campanulato, inflato, truncato, valde punctato; secundo segmento piri-—
formi, sericeo.—Tegule ferruginee; frons et post-scutellum fiavo-bipune-
tata; petiolus flavo limbatus; pedes fuscescentes ; ale paulum infuscate,
aureo-nitentes. 9.—Longit. 0.013.

Zethus discelioides Sauss. Vespides, I, 17,! 17, 1852.

Hab. South America. Para.

Species moderately stout—viewing its short form and strongly
inflated petiole—and resembling to some extent Z. cinerascens,
though its 2d abdominal segment is less pyriform and the elypeus
more strongly punctured and not distinctly striate.

This species, in view of its petiole, campanulate and truncate
rather than contracted behind, might almost be placed in section 8.
(This form shows itself also among the Z. spinipes.)

B. Species which have more the appearance of Eumenes or Discelius. Head
less inflaled, less hollowed out at the occiput; thorax of moderate length;

petiole more as in the EHumenes (f Division a.

' Last line of this page (of Vespides), instead of Zethus, read Disewlius.

40 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

29. Z. Montezuma Sauss. (Fig. 3, 3a.)—Parvulus, rugosus, niger
et pilosus; abdomine ovato ut in genere Humene; petiolo elongato
perrugoso; religua parte abdoiminis piriformi, depressa; pronoti, post-
scutelli et abdominis segmentorum 1, 2, margine, flavo vel ferrugineo ;
scapo, macula subalari et seutelli, margineque clypei, flavis.

Zethus Montezuma Sauss. Revue Zool. IX, 1857, 270.
Z. Guatemolzin Sauss. ibid. (var. Q ).

@. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
*%. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

©. Insect small, slender; head but little inflated. Ocelli ina
regular or even lengthened triangle. All the head rugose, crib-
rose with coarse punctures; clypeus entire, also cribrose, convex
and rugose. Thorax lengthened, one and a half times longer than
wide, cribrose with large punctures, rugose; on the disk of the
mesothorax two arcuate grooves leave the scutellum, and extend
to the anterior suture. Angles of the prothorax spinose; its
margin relatively little prominent. Metathorax attenuated, con-
vex, rugose, but with a lateral, very distinct truncation. Petiole
quite lengthened, its anterior third, at least, linear; the remainder
enlarged, pyriform, much lengthened and truncate, rugose, cribrose
with very large punctures (larger than those of the thorax) ; its en-
largement but little raised, hardly contracted behind, its marginal
depressions forming a transverse groove. ‘lhe remainder of the
abdomen depressed, regularly pyriform, lengthened as in the
Eumenes, at the base sub-pediculate, gradually swelling; the
second segment shining, polished, silky-gray, delicately punctured,
more coarsely along its border.

Insect black, very hairy, even its abdomen being covered with
a pile of erect hair in fresh specimens; hair of the head and
thorax obscure; that of the metathorax and of the abdomen gray.
Inferior and lateral border of the clypeus often ferruginous ; a
line under the scape of the antenne, two dots at their insertion,
inargin of the prothorax, a point under each wing, two at the
scutellum, two on post-scutel, and the border of the first two
abdominal segments yellow or ferruginous. ‘These markings are
variable, the scutellum being often black and the post-scutel yel-
low; or the markings are entirely wanting. Wing-scales brown
or ferruginous. Wings hyaline, nervures brown, and often a
brown cloud in the radial cell.

%. Smaller. Clypeus transverse, black, covered with silky-

ZETHUS. 4]

gray hair; its inferior margin carrying in the middle a very small
notch, above which is a little yellow. Antenne a little tawny at
the extremity, terminated by a hook and by a slight rolling up.
Metathorax spotted with yellow; anterior border of prothorax
often black.

Var. a. Clypeus and scutel black; no spot under the wing.

b. At bottom of metathorax two yellow spots.

c. A yellow line in front of the mandibles.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is recognizable by the particular
form of its abdomen. The lengthened petiole, longitudinally
linear, becomes suddenly campanular; the second segment gradu-
ally swelled, so that the abdomen is pyriform rather than globular-
ovate. The lengthening of the thorax and the head a little en-
larged, recall the forms of the Humenes.'. The metathorax, also,
presents no concavity; the position of the furrow is, however,
indicated, and it is ragose and striate, but is convex in place of
being excavated.

This insect appears to be allied to Z. discelioides.

Hab. The temperate regions of Mexico: Ihave taken it in the
valleys of Cordova, of Orizaba, and of Mextitlan (four females,
five males).

I possess one specimen, a §, as small as the %, and which is ¢
little more strongly punctured, which has the petiole shorter in
the linear part, and is sensibly more coarsely punctured in its
enlarged part. The scutellum and post-scutel each have two
yellow spots. Length, 0.010; wings, 0.008.

Is this a variety of Z Montezuma, or a species? I have taken
it on the banks of the Rio Panuco, in the Huasteca.

Fig. 3. Zethus Montezuma, 9, enlarged. Fig. 3, a. The head 9 seen
from before.

30. Z. parvullus Savss.— 9. Parvulus, gracilis, niger; clypeo con-
vexo, apice truncato, late subemarginato; pronoto cristato-marginato,
utringue angulato; post-scutello carina arcuata antrorsum convexa in-
structo, metanoto anguloso, supra carinulis 2 sinuatis e post-scutelli
angulis emergescentibus et postice convergescentibus, instructo ; petiolo
gracili, in medio campanulato, punctato; secundo segmento paulum in-
fundibuliformi.—Caput et thorax dense punctata, argenteo-sericea ; an-
tennarum articulis 1-3 subtus, genibus, tibiis et tarsis, ferrugineis ;

1 And slightly also those of the genus £limus.

42, HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART i

petioli margo flavo-notatus; ale secundum venas infuscate. Longit,
0.011.

Zethus parvulus Sauss. Vespides, III, 119, 5, pl. ii, fig. 1, 9,1 1854.

flab. Brazil. South of the Province of Goyaz. (Collected
by the savant botanist Auguste de St. Hilaire.)

This species approaches to the form of Z. Montezuma; but it
is much less coarsely punctured, smaller, and very clearly recog-
nizable by the arcuate ridge of the post-scutel, which in com-
tinuation of the carinz of the metathorax, forms a prominent
horseshoe.

y- Petiole quite linear, filiform, depressed, very much elongate, as in Eumenes
of Division. The appearance of a Calligaster.

3. Z. strigosus n. sp.—lNiger, fulvo-sericeus, parum flavo-ornatum;
pro- et mesonoto valde oblique strigatis ; metanoto rugoso; petiolo lineari ;
20 segmento basi breviter pedunculato; pedibus nigris, flavescenti-
pilosis; alis subhyalinis.

Q. Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
%- Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 8} mm.

?. Slender. Head strigate-punctured. Prothorax sharply
margined, angular on each side, but not spined, obliquely strigose.
The whole disk of mesothorax strongly obliquely strigose and
wrinkled; the strise converging against the middle carina.
Scutellum shining punctate, a little sulcate in middle, as the post-
scutellum. Metathorax rugose, velutinous, wrinkled on each
side, at base parted by a channel; the lateral cauthi carinated
on the sides. Petiole very long and slender, not globulously
swollen, but quite linear (as in Humenes of Division Zeta) flat-
tened, shining, and parted by an impressed line, punctate on the
sides. Collar of the 2d segment distinct; the hinder margin of
this segment very slightly reflexed.

Black, furnished with a yellowish-silky, or rather golden
pubescence; the metathorax and pleura with cinereous pubescence.
A line on the base of the inner margin of mandible, a line on the
scape, two dots on the front, a very narrow line on both margins
of prothorax, the post-tegula, angles of post-scutellum, and two

1 The male of this species is not known. It is possible that it should
be placed in section d.

ZETILUS. 43

fascise on metathorax yellow. Scales margined with brown; a
narrow yellow submarginal line bordering all the segments of
the abdomen; the 6th segment yellow. Feet black, knees a little
fulvous; tibia furnished with silky-golden hairs. Intermediate
tibize with a yellow line. Wings subhyaline, with brown veins.
On each side of the clypeus is a very dull, obsolete, yellow macula.

?. Clypeus rounded, a little truncate at tip, punctured, rugose,
black.

%. Clypeus broad-quadrate, strongly punctured, slightly
truncate in the middle of its inferior margin, with two hardly
sensible edges; black; the lateral yellow spots often distinct.
Antenne rather thick; the whole terminal hook and the last three
joints of the flagellum beneath, yellowish.

Var. &.—a. Clypeus yellow, with the top part and extreme
margin black; sometimes also with two black dots on the yellow.

b. Clypeus more or less margined with yellow.

Var. & .—a. The spots of the forehead wanting.

b. The posterior margin of the prothorax not margined with
yellow.

c. The anterior margin having only the angles yellow, or also
a little line in the middle.

d. Prothorax black.

Hab. The Gulf side of Mexico. Orizaba. (Sumichrast. )

This species, although very variable in its coloring, is very
distinct by its filiform pedicule and by the strong strigze of its
dorsum. It has the facies of an Llimus.

C. Species which I do not know, and of which the antenne 3,
have not been described.!

32. Z. albopictus Smirn.— 9.. Niger, sat tenuiter punctatus; cinereo
Sericeus; antennis subtus apice ferruginescentibus ; clypeo utringue
flavo-notato; pronoti margine, macula subalari, punetis 2 in tegulis,
scutelli margine interrupto, punctis 2 post-scutelli tibiisque extus,
albidis; abd. segmentorum 1-3 limbo et lineola (utrinque?) in basi

secundi, albidis; alis pellucidis, secundum costam fuscis. Longit, 43 lin,

' As the form of the abdomen has not been described, I presume that it
offers nothing remarkable, and that in consequence all these species per-
tain to the division Zithusculus,

44 HYMENOPTERA OF AMER‘ICA. [ PART iF
Zethus albopictus Smrru, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 1857, 15, 32.

Hab. St. Domingo.

So. Z. gracilis Smira.—Niger, capite et thorace grosse punctatis;
fronte sulco transverso inter antennas et carina verticali ad medium
clypeum producta instructo; metanoto in lateribus striato; petiolo
Sparse punctato ; abdomine sericeo ; punctis 2 frontalibus abdominisque
segmentorum limbo anguste, flavis. 4% antennarum scapo antice flavo.
Longit, 43 lin.—Affinis videtur, Z. Wontezume.

Zethus gracilis Smitu, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 1857, 17, 43.

Hab. Mexico.
Small species, of the size of Z Montezume.

o4. Z. laevimodus Smiru.—. Niger, capite grosse, vertice sparse,
punctato; clypeo rugose striato, apice subemarginato; thorace polito,
punctis distantibus aliquot; pronoti margine acute marginato, acute
angulato; mesonoto antive carina abbreviata, et sulcis 2 e scutelli
angulis emergentibus ad pronotum ductis; metanoto velutino, bi-
convexo. Thorax maculis 2 in pronoti angulis, macula-subalari, post-
scutellique fascia interrupta, flavis; abdomine polito; alis fusco-cyaueis.
Longit, 9 lin. \

Zethus levinodus Smita, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 1857, 17, 44.
Hab. Mexico.
By the fuscous wings this species comes near to Z spinipes,

but is separated from it by its distinctly polished mesothorax, and
by its remarkably large size.

oo. Z. pallidus Smiru, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 1857, 11, 10.
Hab. Brazil. (Num Zethusculus?)

36. Z. scuipturalis Smiru, ibid. 11,11, %.
Hab. Brazil.

Ze Ze aubius SMITH, ibid. 13, 19; °) % .
Hab. Brazil.

38. Z. carimatus Smirz, ibid. 13, 20, 4.
Hab. Brazil.

ZETUUS. 45

Division DIDYMOGASTRA Perry.
(Sauss. Vespides, I, 18; ILI, 120.)

Second segment ef the abdomen lengthened pediculate ; its
pedicular part forming at least a fourth of the length of the seg-
ment. The other characters as in Zehusculus.

These insects have very slender forms on account of the extra-
ordinary length of their abdomen, by the double articulation of
which, they enjoy the singular faculty of folding the abdomen
beneath the thorax, and of placing the terminal pear against the
face of the head.

The Didymogastra inhabit the hot regions of America.

One cannot establish any line of demarcation between the
Zethusculus and the Didymogastra; these last form the continua-
tion of the same genera and only represent the more lengthened
modification of the type. The two series, based on the form of
the antenne of the males, continue themselves in the Didymo-
gastra. So this division is wholly empirical, and should not be
preserved except to facilitate the determination of species.

A. Antenne of the males terminated by a rolled spiral.

29. Z Poeyi Sauss. (Fig. 4, 4a.)-—Niger, rugose punctatus, metanoto
vix striato, velutino; petiolo polito, tenuiter punctato, gibboso ; secundo
abd. segmento levi, nitido, pedunculo mediocriter elongato; mandibulis,
frontis fascia, orbitis bis interruptis, pronotoantice, maculis 2 subalaribus,
tegulis, scutello et post-scutello antice, maculis 2 metanoti, petioli apice
pedibusque, aurantiacis; his rufo vel nigro variis ; abdomine ultra peti-
olum rufo; alis flavescentibus, apice grisescentibus.

*%,. Fronte earinato; clypeo aurantiaco, emarginato, bidentato; mandibulis
flavis; antennarnm articulis 1-2 rufis, fascia flava; flagello subtus flavo-
annulato, apice cochleato, flavo.

Zethus Pocyi Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. 1857, 270.

Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

b

Head and thorax quite densely cribrose (moderate and a little
irregular often, in form of an oblique prick of pin). Ocelli pro-
minent, arranged in a rather large triangle. Vertex $ forming
a ridge in form of a T, of which the vertical limb touches the
clypeus. The posterior part of the vertex a little more elevated
than the ocelli. Thorax contracted before, its margin little

46 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

salient. Scutellum punctured with coarse points, ane divided by
a groove. Metathorax punctured on each side of its summit,
neither punctured nor striate on its posterior face, but velvety.
Enlargement of the petiole convex; its swelling, seen in profile,
is more salient near its base, and is depressed and contracted
behind; on its extremity is an excavation. This enlargement,
seemingly smooth and polished, is quite finely punctured. Second
segment very shining and polished, its pedicle equalling a third
of its length and widening posteriorly; the globular bell, as long
as wide, enlarging gradualiy. Seen in profile, it is much more
swelled above than beneath.

Insect black, with orange markings, which are in general
arranged as follows: sinus of the eyes, the transverse bar of the
frontal T, a point on the summit of each eye and the orbit behind
the eyes; the prothorax, wholly or in part, a spot under the
Wing, wing-scale, the anterior portion of the scutellum and of the
post-scutel, two spots on the metathorax and the extremity of
the petiole, orange. These markings are more or less developed;
they may be more extended, or in part wanting. The remainder
of the abdomen is of a beautiful red or ferruginous, with the
base of the pedicle black. Scape of the antennz ferruginous.
Feet yellow, varied with ferruginous. Wings ferruginous, with
the end lightly gray, carrying a little reflection of violet.

2. Clypeus rounded, black, with two oblique yellow bands at
the superior margin; 2d joint of the antenne ferruginous; a
whole band of yellow under the wing; the margin of the 2d abd.
segment narrowly yellow.

%. End of the antenne rolled spirally. Clypeus orange, finely
punctured ; its inferior border armed with two separated teeth,
with an arcuate border between them, in the middle of which is a
little salient tooth, often hardly visible. The first two and the
last two articles of the antenne orange; the flagellum annulate
with this color beneath; the terminal spiral orange; the last
article obscure.

Var. The specimens of other localities possess, without doubt,
more of black on the abdomen and antenne. ,

Ress. a. diff.—Vhis Didymogastra is easily distinguished from
Z. Chicotencail, by the rugose aspect of its head and thorax, by
its much less striate metathorax, by its petiole more swelled

ZETHUS. 47

above, distinctly punctured; by its second segment with its less
extended pedicle, and by the yellow markings of all the body.

It differs from 7. Matzicatzin, in its smaller size, in its much
more lengthened thorax, having a mesothoracic disk longer than
wide; in its metathorax, devoid of middle carine and of smooth
spaces at the superior angles; in its scutellum, simple, depressed,
angular (not emarginate) posteriorly; in its less enlarged and
more punctured petiole, and in its head smaller, without swelling
of the vertex.

The % differs in its celypeus, quadrate, large, convex and notched
as in the Z Poeyt, not flattened and advanced in the middle as
with the Matzicatzin; by the antenne terminating in a spiral, by
the ocelli placed upon a scarcely oblique plane, etc.

Hab. The island of Cuba. This beautiful insect was given me
yee roel. Ioey. |

Observation.—In the figure, the thorax is too large and the form of the
abdomen is not perfectly natural.

40. Z% Romamdimus Savss.—Niger, cinereo-sericeus, capite lato,
dense punctato; thorace grosse cribrato, antice cristato-marginato ;
scutello convexo, sulco, bipartito; metanoto convexo, haud foveolato,
velutino, tenuiter punctato, supra utrinque spati» nitido levi; petiolo
dense punctato, nitido, postice paulum attenuato, flavo-marginato,
secundo segmento sat breviter pedunculato tanqnam in Didymogasira,
piriformiter dilatato, marginem versus tenuiter punctato, tenuissime
flavo seu ferrugineo-limbato ; reliquis punctatis, piceo-limbatis; tegulis
ferrugineo marginatis, pedibus, fuscescentibus; tibiis intermediis flavo-
variis; alis diaphanis, subfuscescentibus.

?. Clypeo transversim quadrato, flavo, tenuiter bidentato; antennis sub-
tus apicem versus flavo-annulatis et apice cochlea fulva.

Longitudo, 14 mm.; ale, 10 mm.

Zethus Romandinus Sauss. Vespides I, 20, 22, pl. ix, fig. 1, 9, 1852.
Revue de Zool. X, 1858, 164. °

Hab. Cayenne. (Typus in auctoris museo. )

This Zethus constructs with woody fibres and gummy materials
several rounded cells, with thick walls toward the bottom and
irregularly united, recalling a little those of Bombus (see Sauss.
Vespides, I, pl. ix, fig. 1, ¢). The instinets of these insects appear
to progress toward the habits of the Social Wasps.

|

48 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

4i. Z. aurulentus Savss.

Zethus aurulens Sauss. Vespides, III, 121, 8, pl. vi, fig. 5, 9, 1854.
Hab. Brazil.

42. Z. Matzicatzim Savuss.—Niger; capite discoidali, lato, facie
cribrata, vertive supra inflato, minus cribrato; ovellis in deelivitate
frontis sitis; thorace grosse cribrato, postscutello truncato, postice ex-
ciso, carinato; metanoto sulco conspicuo, at foveola nulla; infra valde
striato, supra levi, in medio bicarinato; petiolo polito impunctato, vaide
inflato, apice puncto maximo impresso; secundo segmento longe pedun-
culato, medio margine impresso, cum reliquis rufo; tertio punctato, in
medio producto; punctis frontalibus et post-ocularibus 2, pronoti
margine, macula subalari et maculis 2 scutelli, limboque segmentorum

4

i, 2, flavis; tibiis rufis; alis fusco-flavescentibus.
*%,. Secutello plano, tenuiter punctato, infra macula levi et margine in
medio subproducto; antennarum scapo subtus flavo.

Zethus Matzicatzin Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. 1857, 271.

Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

Mandibles obliquely truncate, trenchant, without teeth, but
with a single lobe. Head very large, much wider than thorax;
face flattened; ocelli arranged in a broad triangle and placed,
not on the summit, but on the slope of the vertex. Vertex
strongly enlarged transversely behind the ocelli, but swelled
upward. Face-offering between the antenne two little vertical
carine. Thorax very short, quadrate, depressed; the margin of
the prothorax little prominent. Disk of the mesothorax wider
than long; its anterior curve describing a semicircle, not an
ellipse as in all the preceding species. Scutellum divided by a
channel. Post-scutel truncate, angulate; its posterior border
offering a concavity and carrying an arcuated ridge interrupted in
the middle (which especially distinguishes it from the preceding
species, which has the post-scutel whole rounded above). Meta-
thorax very angulate, haying four sharp ridges, so to speak: Ist,
the two ordinary lateral ones, which here form two sharp crests ;
2d, two other very short ones, which start from the angles of the
post-scutel; the middle divided by a strong channel, but, properly
speaking, without any concavity. The summit of the metathorax,
especially the space situated on each side between the two ridges,
is smooth, shining, not punctured (or very finely striated), the
remainder wrinkled. The flanks under the lateral ridges smooth

ZETHUS. 49

and shining. Petiole quite lengthened-pediculate; its elliptical
enlargement is globularly swelled above, as high as wide (sub-
compressed), having on its posterior extremity above, a large
excavation, and on each side a large transverse groove, which
compresses the end of the petiole, hut without coalescing with the
middle groove. Second segment lengthened-pediculate, almost as
in the Z. Chicotencati; its globular part very flat beneath, and
much swelled above from its base; its first posterior border a
little sinuous, preceded in the middle by a vague depression—its
second border not being at all reflected. Margin of the third
segment formed in the same way, but the first border more
sinuous, Head coarsely punctured; the face cribrose, but the
vertical inflation very much less. Thorax cribrose with sunken
points, except the metathorax. Petiole and abdomen smooth
and shining, while the last is very finely punctured. The third
segment punctured. .

Insect black, garnished with a gray or slightly golden pile; two
spots on the face, one behind each eye; margin of the prothorax,
a point under the wing, two spots on the scutellum, and the borders
of the Ist and 2d segments, yellow. The abdomen, except the
petiole, of a brown purple or ferruginous. Feet black, varied
with ferruginous. Wings washed with brown-yellowish, nervures
brown; wing scales bordered with brown or yellow.

%. Clypeus very flat, punctured; its inferior margin advanced
in the middle, entire ; a smooth lozenge or triangle in the middle
of its inferior extremity ; this piece is black, covered with gray
hair—its lozenge-shaped part smooth, often yellow. Antenne
black, with front of the scape yellow and terminated by a little
ferruginous hook.

Ress. a. diff.—See the affinities of Z. Chicotencatl and Poeyi.

The Z. niger offers also two metathoracic carine starting from
the angles of the post-scutel; ‘but in this species the post-seutel
is not crenulated, and there is between these carine a concave
pit, while here the two moieties of the metathorax remain convex
and are separated by a deep furrow. The thorax and the head
are also smaller, ete.

Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. Tampico. I have taken but
one specimen (4%).

By the very remarkable form of its clypeus and its mandibles,

4 .

50 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART T.

this species deserves to be noted as fit to serve as the type of one
section of this genus.

B. Antenne of % terminated by a hook.

43. Z. Milariamus Savss.—Gracilis, niger; capite dense punctato,
supra et pone oculos tumefacto; thorace minus dense punctato; pro-
noto valde cristato-marginato, sed angulis haud acutis ; mesonoti disco
carinis 2 levibus trajecto; post-scutello medio subdentato; metanoto
velutino, rugoso, striato, in medio canaliculato; abdominis petioli
tumefactione ovata, sat globoso-inflata punctulata; secundo segmento
globoso, sericeo, basi sat longe petiolato (petiolus tertiam partem longi-
tudinis efficiens); segmentis reliquis punctatis. Corpus omnino velu-
tinum, argenteo-sericeum; puncta frontalia 2, macule 2 post-oculares,
antennarum articuli 1-3 et apex, thorax, petioli latera et pedes, rufa;
petioli apex et lineola utrinque in secundi segmenti petiolo, flava; seg-
mentorum limbus tenuiter piceus vel rufus. Ale infuscateg, costa nigra.
Longit, 0.016 mm.

Q. Clypeo convexo, punctato, apice late subexciso, tridentulato; maculis
2 lateralibus rufis.

%. Clypeo truncato, rufo vel flavescente macula media et basi nigris, vel
nigro margine infero rufo et laterali flavo; anteunis apice ultimo
minuto rufo.

Var. Color variabilis, plus minusve rufescens vel nigrescens; disco
mesonoti obscuro vel nigro, carinis rufis; etc.

Zethus Hilarianus Sauss. Vespides, III, 120, 7, pl. vi, fig. 6, 9, 1854.

Varies in having the margin of pronotum and the post-scutel
yellow, and in the distribution of colors, the reddish and black
passing one to the other; but, nevertheless, a distinct species
by its mesothoracical carine.

Hab. Brazil. Middle of the province of Goyaz. (The type
is in the Paris museum.)—Venezuela, Caracas.

44. Z. gemiculatus Serv.

Didymogastra geniculata Spin. Mem. Acad. Turin, XIII, 1853, 80, 60.
Zethus geniculatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 22; III, 120, 6.

Metanoto postice bicarinato; colore affinis Z. nigro.

Hab. Brazil. Para. (Typus in mus. Taurinense.)

45. Z. dicomboda Srin.—Niger, gracilis, dense punctatus, cinereo-
sericeus; pronoto autice cristato-marginato, angulato; mesonoti disco
bicarinato; metanoto convexo, velutino, haud rugoso, in medio striato.

ZETHUS. 51

Abdomen gracile, petiolo elongato, parum inflato, punctato, apice puncto
impresso nullo; secundo segmento sat longe pedunculato, ovato-dilatato,
depresso et tenuiter punctato.—Puncta 2 frontis, pronoti et tegularum
'margo, post-scutellum, fascie 2 metanoti et abd. segmentorum 1-2
margo, nee non fascia utrinque petioli secundi segmenti (vel petioli
apicis) albida; femora intermedia subtus albido varia; ale# hyaline,
venis ferrugineis, apice grisco-nebulose. Longit, 0.015 mm.
©. Clypeo nigro, rugoso, truncato, sub-bidentato (vel sub-tridentato).
%,. Clypeo albido, supra nigro, margine infero bidentato, tenuissime nigro
limbato; antennis nigris, uncinatis.
Epipona dicomboda Spinoua! Gay’s Historia fisica de Chile (Fauna Chi-
lena), VI, 1851, 250.
Zethus discomboda Sauss. Vespides, I, 21, 25.

Hab. Chili. (Typi in museo Parisiense et in auctoris servantur. )

C. Species of which the section remains undetermined.

AG. Z@ Chicotemcatlh Savss. (Fig. 5, 5a.)—Niger, politus, fulvo
hirtus, clypeo convexo, capite dense punctulato, thorace levigato, in
medio disco nitido, impunctato; pronoto antice et pone angulos in
lateribus cristato-marginato; metanoto haud excavato, ubique rugose
striato, petiolo parum inflato, impunctato, nitidissimo, secundo segmento
longe pedunculato, sericeo, secundum marginem punctato, margine sub-
jacente reflexo; antennis subtus flavis; punctis 2 frontalibus, maculis
2 metanoti, et abdom. segmentorum limbo (aliquandoque pronoti),
tibiisque supra, flavis; alis ferruginescentibus. Q.,

Zethus Chicotencatl Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. 1857, 271.

Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 12 mm.

2. Mandibles strongly tridentate. Clypeus rounded, very
convex, but finely punctured, truncate or sub-bilobed on its in-
ferior border, in the middle of which is a smooth space. Head
densely punctured, but not rugose. Ocelli salient, placed in a
regular triangle on the vertex, the head a little contracted behind.
Thorax shining and polished, not being punctured above the
middle; margin of prothorax forming a salient lamina; this
margin reflexes upon its angles and prolongs itself behind, along
the lateral border of the prothorax over a moiety of the distance
from the wing seale. Mesothorax punctured along the seutellum,
without groove on its hinder part, but carrying a double longi-
tudinal groove on its anterior moiety; seutellum convex and
shining, feebly punctured. Metathorax a little flattened behind,

52 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

having a very small groove, strongly striated transversely or
rather channelled in all its superior and posterior surface (situated
above the lateral ridges). Some striz, but less distinct, also
cover entirely the lateral faces of the metathorax, beneath the
angles. Enlargement of the petiole in an oval form, much
lengthened, depressed, without. any globular swelling above; its
linear portion short, equal to a third the length of the petiole,
smooth, shining, without punctures. The posterior depression
not having an excavated point, but a transverse shining channel.
Second segment much lengthened, pediculate; its pedicle form-
ing almost the moiety of the length of the segment, which offers
a zone of fine punctures along its posterior border; the second
lamina of this margin a little reflected. The whole insect is
covered with a tawny pile almost woolly on the thorax, gray on
the metathorax, a little golden on the abdomen, but the body is
polished and shining, especially the petiole, which does not show
any punctures.

Color black; antenne ferruginous beneath, obscure above.
Two dots on the face, two spots on the metathorax and often the
post-scutel and the margin of the prothorax, yellow or tawny.
Petiole having a yellow interrupted border; the abdominal
segments wholly or in part margined with a very narrow yellow
line. Feet black. Tibix yellow before. Wings transparent,
washed with yellowish-gray.

Ress. a. diff.—This species appears to me very near to Z.
tubulifer. It may even be identical; which I dare not say posi-
tively, not having the type of this last before my eyes, and being
without a sufficient description.

It is very recognizable hy its back as well as its petiole, being
without punctures and shining. The Z. Chicotencail is not diffi-
cult to distinguish from the Z. Matzicatzin, by its metathorax,
rugose even to the summit and without middle carine, by its post-
scutel, which is not notched behind, by its much less enlarged
petiole, by the border of its second segment, which is punctured,
and by the second Jamina of its border, which is turned up; _per-
haps also by its thorax, which is not cribrose, and by the ocelli,
which occupy the summit of the vertex.

Hab. The gulf shore of Mexico. I have taken it at Tampico.
(The Z. tubulifer comes from Orizaba in the Cordilleras.)

A,
2

Or

ZETHUS.

/

Observation.—In the figure the petiole is not quite suddenly enough
enlarged, aud the profile of the pedicle of the second segment is a little
too short, as also in the linear part of the petiole.

4%. Z tubulifer Savuss. Vespides, I, 18, 19, 9.—Niger: clypeo
rotundato; antennarum scapo subtus ferrugineo-notato ; pronoto angu-
lato; punctis 2 frontalibus, pronoti margine, tegulis partim, maculis 2
scutelli, fascia interrupta post-scutelli, maculis 2 metanoti, margine
lineolaque laterali utrinque petioli apicis, segmentorum margine punc-
tisque coxarum, flavis; pedibus flavo-variis; alis fumosis. Longit,
0.017-18.

Hab. Mexico. Oriental Cordillera.

48. Z Zemdalus n. sp.—Niger, punctulatus, capite et thorace
griseo-sericante; metanoto tenuissime strigato; pronoti fascia, macula
subalari, maculis 2 scutelli, 2 metanoti, petioli apicis lineolis 2 laterali-
bus, et lineolis 2 lateralibus 2' segmenti basis, citrinis; segmentis reli-
quis late rufo-marginatis; ano rufo. 9

©. Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10-11 mm.

Head and thorax densely and delicately punctured. A little
compressed brilliant point between the antenne. Prothorax
margined, but not angulated. Metathorax velutinous, very
delicately strigate, divided by a channel. Petiole ovate, narrow,
very delicately punctured like the abdomen, destitute of an im-
pression at the end. Peduncle of the 2d segment rather long.

Black, with grayish hair; the margin of prothorax, a spot
under the wing, two on the scutel, two elongate maculz on the
metathorax, and a sinuous lateral line on each side of the extremity
of the petiole, a line on each side of the peduncle of the 2d seg-
ment, and two dots at its base, lemon-yellow; a broad fascia on
the margin of segments 2d—5th, and the 6th segment, orange-
yellow or rufous. The apex of the petiole has no yellow margin
and no groove, but the base of the peduncle of the second seg-
ments has two yellow dots, which can be easily taken by error
for a yellow marking of the apex of the petiole. Feet black.
Wings smoky with a golden reflection, the nerves black.

2. Clypeus rounded, densely punctate, black like the antenne
and mandibles.

Ress. a. dif?.—Distinet from Matzicatzin by its moderate head,
absence of impression at the end of petiole, and absence of

54 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

carine on the middle part of the metathorax. Differs from Chi-
cotencall by its prothorax not crested on the sides, its petiole
narrower, etc. It comes very near to Romandinus, but the thorax
is shorter anteriorly, more narrowed posteriorly; the petiole
narrower, less inflated, ete.

Hab. Mexico. The Oriental Cordillera (Mr. Sumichrast).

49. Z%. miscogaster Savuss.—Q. Minutus, niger, dense punctatus,
cinereo hirtus; clypeo integro, rugoso, piloso; fronte inter antennas
transversim carinato; ocellis in summo fronte sitis. Thorax antice
cristatus, carinatus, humeris haud spinosis; postscutello et metanoto
haud rugosis, velutinis, hoe tenuiter. striato, nec carinato, nee distincte
foveolato, sed sulco profundo diviso. Abdomen politum, sericeum ;
petiolo elongato, parum inflato, supra parum gibboso; secundo segmento
longe pedunculato, ovato-dilalato subdepresso. Caput immaculatum ;
pronoti margo, macula subalaris, macule scutelli et 2 metanoti, lineola
utringue, petioli apex, limbus secundi segmenti, lineolaque utrinque in
basi pedunculi, flava. Ale subpellucide, venis fuscis.—Longit. 0.015.

Z. discombode similis at minor, et pronoto haud angulaso differt. A Z.
Romandino differt statura graciliore, petiolo minus punctato et minus tume-

facto.

Zethus miscogaster Sauss. Vespides, I, 18,18, 9, 1852.
Zethus microguster (per errorem) Sauss. Revue Zool. X, 1858, 163.

Hab. South America. (Typus in auctoris museo.)

&O8. Z. bimodis Fasr.—Gracilis, niger, dense punctatus. Caput Jatum,
dense cribratum; clypeo rugose cribrato, integro. Thorax eribratus,
cristato-marginatus, clypeo convexo, nitido, eribrato; postscutello haud
cribrato, postice truncato, sed cantho acuto nullo; metanoto in medio
foveolato, carinis prominentibus duabus e postscutelli angulis emergen-
tibus ; spatio extra carinam sito utrinque valde striato-plicato ; usque ad
canthum lateralem acutum. Abdominis petiolo polito, tenuiter pune-
tato, sat ovato-tumefacto, apice utringue flavo-notato; secundo segmento
globoso, longe pedunculato, ubique tenuiter punctato, sericeo seteso, in
medio margine impresso; tertio, in medio margine paulum producto;
2° et 3° tenuissime flavo-marginatis; reliquis piceis vel ferrugineis.
Tibie 1, 2, ferruginee. Ale subhyaline. Longit, 0.017.

Vespa binodis Far. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 1798, 264.—Coquzs. Iust. Icon.
Ins. pl. xv, fig. 2.

Eumenes binodis Fasr. 8. P. 287.

Zethus binodis Sauss. Vespides, I, 20, 23.1

! Typus in museo Parisiensi.

=

ZETHUS. 55

Zethus niger Sauss.'’ Vespides, I, 1852, 21, 24, pl. viii, fig. 9.2

A Z. Romandino differt metanoto carinato, foveolato et plicato; petiolo
globosiore et minus valde punctato; secundo abd. segmento globosiore,
magis pedunculato, et punctatiore; segmentis 3-5 minus punctatis; tertil
margine in medio producto.

Hab. Cayenne.

ol. Z didymogaster Srin.
Zethus didymogaster Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1841, X, 133, 9.

Hab. Cayenne.

This species differs from Z. binodis in its very wide clypeus,
having a straight border, armed with two distant teeth. (Has
not the author taken a male for a female? Only the males have
the clypeus twice as wide as long.)

o2 BZ. fuscwus Perry.

Didymogastra fusca Pury, Delect. Anim. Artic. 145, pl. XXVIII, fig. 5,
2 , 1830.
Zethus fuscus Sauss. Vespides, I, 19, 21; III, 120.

Hab. Brazil. Amazon.

5d. Z. Sumitiaii Savss.
Zethus Smithii Sauss. Vespides, III, 122, 9, 9.

Metanoto striato; alis fusco-cyaneis.

Hab. South America.

SPECIES WHICH I DO NOT KNOW.

The following species of the genus Zethus, all from Brazil,
have been described by Fred. Smith in the Catalogue of the
Vespidx of the British museum, page 11-18.

4. pallidus
Z. carinatus—albopictus

seulpturalis—dubius.

gracilis—levinodus.

! Typus in auctoris museo.
2 Errata. Fig. 8, pl. viii, Vespides, I, does not represent this species,
but Z. piriformis.

56 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Gen. LABUS Saoss.
Labus Sauss. Reise d. Oesterr. Fregat. Novara. Hym., p. 3.

Mandibles short, obliquely truncate, with 3-4 terminal teeth.
Maxille elongate; their palpi elongate, 6-jointed. Labiwm
elongate, quadrifid, its palpi 4-jointed. Head rounded, swelled
at the occiput; clypeus rounded or truncate.

Thorax elongate; its anterior angles sharp.

Abdomen very slender; its petiole elongate, linear. Wings
somewhat as in Humenes and Zethus.

As the forms of the insects of this type are becoming various,
one could well think that the genus Zabus might be fused into
G. Elimus, which only differs from this by another form of thorax
and petiole. Such differences occur under the species of the
genus Zethus.

A. Petiole filiform at base, a little widened posteriorly; its
extremity margined by a transverse rounded cordon pre-
ceded by a transverse channel (as in Eumenes of Division
Omicron). Second segment sessile, elongate. Metathorax
attenuated. Head inflated. Second cubital cell much pro-
longed at the basilar extremity; the second recurrent vein
inserted after the middle of its posterior border. (Asiatic
type.) i. Spiniger Sauss., L. Humbertianus Sauss.

B. Petiole linear, slender, prismatic; 2d segment subpedicu-
late. Thorax elungate; metathorax short; prothorax
crested anteriorly. Second cubital cell equally dilated at
both extremities; second recurrent vein inserted in the
middle of its posterior border. (American type.)'

=

1 The genus Elimus would make a third type :—

C. Petiole linear, rather thick (very elongate, somewhat pyriform), biden-
tate; its extremity marked with an impressed point; head moderate ;
thorax oval, not acute angled anteriorly; metathorax rounded; the
2d segment elongate, rather attenuate posteriorly ; 2d cubital cell in
a regular truncate triangle; second recurrent nerve inserted in the
middle, or a little before the middle, of its posterior border.

LABUS. 5Y

1. UL. Sicheliamwus n. sp. (Fig. 20, 14a.)—Niger, gracilis, thorace
elongatiusculo, antice eristato-marginato, superne crassiuscule punctato;
petiolo lineari-prismatico; 20 segmento basi subpedunculato; capitis
maculis, pronoti margine antico, maculis 2 scutelli et 2 metanoti ab-
dominisque segmentorum marginibus, flavis.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

©. Antenne rather clubbed. Head quite orbicular, rather
swelled and rounded at the occiput, densely punctured; a little
carina between the antennz. Mandibles short truncate, armed
with three terminal teeth, tricarinate at end. Clypeus ovate, as
wide as long, a little truncate at tip, covered with coarse
punctures, substrigate. Ocelli disposed in an equilateral triangle.
Thorax a little depressed, flattened above, rather ovate (that is,
elongate), rounded posteriorly, a little contracted anteriorly,
truncate and margined with a crest; the angles of prothorax
salient. The thorax above strongly punctured, not so strongly
on the sides; the metathorax a little shagreened; the lateral
faces of this not punctured. Metathorax having its posterior face
vertical, somewhat truncate, triangular, but quite arcuate at the
summit, and margined by a little arcuate ridge, rough and obso-
lete; the hind face parted by a depression and a little strigate in
the groove. Disk of mesothorax elongate, having two arcuate
furrows. Petiole elongate, quite linear; only its base filiform ;
the rest depressed and compressed, making it prismatic, with a
dorsal, two lateral faces and an inferior face; the faces having
scattered punctures; the superior one not parted by a furrow,
but with a round impression before the border; the inferior one
earinated; the lateral faces having the margin a little salient
because of their compression; the compression being more
sensible behind the middle of petiole, so that the anterior part of
the swelled portion is a little wider than tlte rest and a little
ovate. The rest of the abdomen nearly impunctate; the second
segment globular, but its base a little funnel-shaped and articu-
late by a very short neck as in the Zethusculus. Anterior tibiz
very short.

Black, with short gray pile. Antenne a little ferruginous at
the extremity beneath; a spot in the middle of the mandibles, a
line on the scape, a spot on each side of elypeus, two dots over
the insertion of the antenne, and one in the sinus of each eye,

58 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

yellow. The anterior margin of prothorax, two marginal spots
on each wing scale, post-tegule, two spots on post-scutel, two
longitudinal fasciz on the metathorax, the end of petiole and the
margin of the abdominal segment, yellow; the lamellar margin
of these also yellow or ferruginous, as well. as the margin of the
anus. A spot at the end of the femora and a line on the tibie
of the first two pair, yellow. Wings subhyaline with brown veins;
the 2d cubital cell subtriangular ; its radial tip very little trun-
cate; the second recurrent nerve inserted in the middle of the
posterior margin.

Less. a. diff.—This remarkable type has a certain resemblance
to the Humenes of Division Zeta, because of its elongate linear
flattened petiole; but this is not so much flattened, nor parted by
a furrow, but prismatic, and the head with its short mandibles is
quite that of a Zethus.

It has a very near relationship to the Asiatic Zabus but differs
essentially by its prismatic petiole, a form which I have not yet
met with in the Wasp.

Hab. Chili. (This insect was given to me by the celebrated
oculist and remarkable entomologist, Dr. Sichel, to whom it is
dedicated. )

Gen. DISCGELIUS Latr.

Lip moderate. Labial palpi composed of four articles. Maz-
illary palpi composed of six articles. JJandzbles short, obliquely
truncate. Head often enlarged and a little emarginate behind.
Thoraz lengthened, often angulate before. Abdomen pediculate;

the first segment transformed into a campanular or linear petiole.

This genus differs from Zethus by its labial palpi composed of
four articles, and from Humenes by the mandibles which are not
prolonged in the form of a beak.

This genus connects itself to Zethus by its mandibles, and to
Eumenes and to Odynerus by its complete palpi; the forms of
its representatives are also intermediate, in some degree, to Zethus
and to Humenes, and somewhat to Nortonia and Zethus by the
subpediculate abdomen. The form of the thorax, often bordered
and angulated before, especially assimilates it to that which one
sees in the Zethus.

EUMENES. 59

i. D. merula Corris.
Discelius merula Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI, 325, 1834.—Saovss.
Vespides III, 124.
Epipona chilensis Spin., Gay’s Mist. fisica de chile, Zool. VI, 248, 1851.
Discalius chilensis Sauss. Vespides, I, 25, 1, 1852.
Discalius Spinola,! Sauss. Vespides, I, 25, 2, 1852, III, 124.

Hab, Chili.

2. D. pulchelius Savss.—9Q. Parvulus, punctulatus; elypeo piri-
formi; apice truncato; pronoto antice biangulato, metanoto rotundato ;
petiolo brevissimo, campanulato grosse punctato; apice puncto impresso ;
abdominis secundo segmento nitido, supra inflato.—Insectum nigrum,

» mandibulis puncto basali, clypei apice macula nigra, fascia frontali,
puncto post-scutellari, scapi fascia antica, flavis; antennarum flagello
subtus ferrugineo; pronoto antice, tegulis, scutellis et metanoto, flavis,
(sed puncto in tegulis et matanoti sulconigris;) abdominis segmentorum
li 2' limbo et secundi maculis 2 lateralibus, flavis; pedibus flavis,
fusco-variis; alis hyalinis, stigmate et areola radiali fuscis, costa fus-
cescente.

*%. Mandibulis et clypeo flavis; hoc apice subbidentato, antennarum
uncino minuto ferrugineo.

Discelius pulchellus Sauss. Vespides, III, 127, 15.

Hab. Mexico; Jamaica.

Legion il. The Odynerites.

Mandibles more or less lengthened, terminating in a point,
forming generally by their union a long sharp beak, or when
crossed, an X. Their teeth placed on their inner border ( Vide
Saussure, Vespides, I, p. 27, 11).

Gen. EUMENES Fasr.

Organs buccate, very long. Tongue long, a little plumose.
Galeas (or appendices) of the jaw very long. Palpi lengthened;
labial composed of four articles; the maxillary of six. Mandibles
very long, sharp pointed, having a triturating lateral border and
forming by their union a lengthened beak. (In exceptions the

mandibles are sometimes shorter.)

a - - eet

1 A variety of Chilensis.

60 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Head much compressed transversely, that is, wide, but not thick,
nor enlarged; the eyes very convex and entirely covering the
cheeks. Clypeus always longer than wide, with a variable
termination (bidentate, indented, truncate, or rounded).

Thorax variable, globular, or long quadrate, rarely compressed,
but always without spiniform angles.

Abdomen lengthened pediculate. The first segment forming a
linear or subcampanulate petiole, about as long as the thorax;

the remainder of the abdomen pyriform.

This genus is very abundant in species, and is found over all
the surface of our globe. It is broken up into peculiar types, of
which one (Division Alpha) is represented everywhere, and the
others solely on one part of our planet. These types are con-
nected by natural transitions which embarrass one in assigning
them very fixed limits.

The Lwmenes are well represented on the new continent. Of
six divisions' into which I have divided the genus, four are found
on the Western Continent, but the divisions Pachymenes,
Omicron, and Zeta, are only represented in the tropical parts of
America. The insects, peculiar to the Division Omicron, inhabit
all the equinoctial parts of the continent; and those which belong
in the Division Alpha, extend themselves over the two American
continents within their most extended limits.

Division PACHYMENES.
(Sauss. Vespides I, 73, III, 153.)

Abdomen much depressed, never compressed, petiole widened
or campanular, parted by a groove; its hinder margin having
usually a transverse groove; clypeus generally bidentate ; body
smooth, silky, and chatoyant or velvety; wings large. (American
type.) |

These insects have the appearance of Polybia, as the Monte-
zumia have that of Syneca. It is especially by this appearance
that one recognizes them and the semblance holds good in the
depressed form of the petiole and in the pyriform abdomen as
well as the silky appearance of the body.

! IT do not count the Division Pareumenes, which is worthy to form a
genus (Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides, III, 133).

EUMENES. 61

Among certain species, the thorax becomes narrow, lengthened,
compressed, and the metathorax is sometimes lengthened, so that
the resemblance to the Polybia increases. Although the Pachy-
menes present a series of forms corresponding to those which one
sees among the Polybia; yet one can easily distinguish them from
these social insects by their truncate or bidentate clypeus, which
is not angularly terminated by a sort of tooth.’

This group is not as yet well studied; most. of its species,
which appear to be rather numerous, are only known by rare
specimens scattered about in collections which have much simi-
larity among themselves, all having a silky body and colors pale
or variable, so that one can easily confound them.

Unfortunately it is impossible for me here to establish good
differential characters between these insects, from only knowing
some of them by unique specimens and not having under my eyes
the types of all species heretofore described.

I established the genus Pachymenes in the monography of
solitary wasps to receive those Humenes of which the clypeus is
bidentate, the abdomen depressed, and of which the smooth and
satin-like body recalls the appearance of Polybia. But I have
now renounced this section, so difficult to define, although includ-
ing insects of a very peculiar appearance; for since that time I
have found many American Humenes having the clypeus biden-
tate at the end, while certain Pachymenes have a bidentate
petiole, which destroys one of the differences on which the genus
Pachymenes was founded. I have, therefore, undertaken to
reduce the consideration of this generic group to that of a sim-
ple division of genera, and this division itself goes over into the
division Omicron so that it is impossible to fix a refined limit
between them. (Hx. &#. Santa-Anna goes over to division Omi-
cron and is quite close to LH. levis.)

1. Form rather lengthened ; thorax longer than wide; abdomen
hardly depressed, the 2d segment not campanular.

A. Petiole campanular, enlarged above beyond the middle,

' In my Monographie des Guepes Solitaires, I have confounded certain
species of Polybia described by Fabricius with the Pachymenes. See
Vespides, III, p. 158. (On the line before the last of that page, for chry-
sothorax, read pallipes.)

62 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

humped, the boss divided by a groove ; its extremity bordered
by a salient band.

a. Thorax rather compressed, lengthened.

4. E. sericeus Sauss.—Gracilis, fusco-niger; thorace compresso;
pedibus, petiolo et thorace supra ferrugineo-fulvis ; hoc valde fulvo- .
velutino; alis subhyalinis, costa fusca. Q.

Pachymenes sericea Sauss. Vespides, I, 74, 1 (Syn. excl.) ; pl. xii, fig. 5;
Til, 153. /

Total length, 19 mill.; wing, 15 mill.

2. Slender; thorax compressed, rather narrow anteriorly.
Head black; clypeus bicarinate at the extremity, bidentate or
notched; the inner orbits and a line behind the eyes rather yel-
lowish. Antenne at tip a little ferruginous beneath. Thorax
blackish, but having its upper parts ferruginous or ornamented
with yellowish, and all covered, as well as the sides, with velvety
fulvous hair, rather woolly, which makes it quite fulvous. Petiole
slender, ferruginous velvety; its base brown, its extremity a little
obscure with a more yellowish border; the rest of the abdomen
of a brown-olivaceous color. Feet ferruginous, more or less
brownish or yellowish.

Ress. a. diff—Very much resembles auratus, from which it
differs principally by its quite woolly, velvety hairy thorax and ~
by its less bidentate clypeus.

Hab. Brazil. Bahia. (Paris museum.)

2. E. auratus n. sp.—Fulvo-olivaceus ; capite fusco; clypeo biden-
tato, apice testaceo-marginato; thorace aureo-sericeo, compresso, meta-
noto valde angusto, sed pronoto antice haud coarctato, petiolo campa-
nulato, gibboso, suleo subpartito, apice puncto impresso, basi nigro;
mandibulis, orbitis, prunoti marginibus, mesonoti et metanoti fasciis 2,
scutellis, tegulis et macula subalari, frequenter testaceis ; alis paulum
ferrugineis. ©,

Total length, 17 mill.; wing, 13 mill.

2. Insect slender, of an olive-brown, rather velutinous. Head
blackish, with the orbits somewhat bordered with testaceous;
clypeus flattened, a little bicarinate, toward the end strongly
bidentate ; its teeth spiniform, separated by a triangular notch;
its extremity and its inferior border yellow-testaceous, as weil as
the mandibles. Antenne ferruginous beneath, especially toward

EUMENES. 63

the end. Thorax convex, strongly compressed, strongly con-
tracted toward metathorax, but not on the prothorax, which is
squarely truncate. All the corselet covered with a silky golden-
yellow pile; the posterior border of the prothorax and its anterior
margin about the angles, two bands on the mesothorax, two on
the metathorax, scutels, wing scales, and a spot under the wing
testaceous. Abdomen olive-brown, silky, having an olivaceous
reflection; petiole campanulate in the middle; its dilated part
carrying a boss terminated by a groove, its border limited by a
rim or rounded band. Its linear part black at the base and a
little testaceous, second segment oval, lengthened, depressed.
Legs varied with testaceous; wings transparent, ferruginous, with
the extremity griseous.

fess. a. dif/,—This species resembles the ZH. olivaceus in the
form of its head and of its abdomen, but its thorax is more com-
pressed, more narrow and lengthened in proportion; the meta-
thorax is much compressed and is not bicarinate.

It may be that this is a variety of the ZH. sericeus of which the
woolly hair of the thorax has been rubbed off?

flab. Brazil. Bahia.

&. KH. chrysothorax Savss.
Pachymenes chrysothorax Sauss. Vespides, III, 153, 43.

Hab. Brazil. (Typus in museo Parisiensi. )

This species, of which I cannot again examine the type, is most
likely a var. of 7. sericeus. It is proper to notice that the forms
should be those of LZ. pallipes.

b. Thorax not compressed, moderately wide.

4. BH. pallipes Savss.—Fusco-olivaceus ; capite nigro; antennis apice
subtus ferrugineis; clypeo bicarinato, apice bispinoso, testaceo; orbitis
partim, mesonoti fasciis 2, scutellis, metanoto superne pleurisque, flavo-
testaceis ; pedibus ferrugineis; alis ferrugineis, apice fusco-nebulosis ;
petiolo sat dilatato, superne tumido, ante marginem canaliculato. 9°.
Longit. 17 mm.

Pachymenes pallipes Sauss. Vespides, I, 75, 3 (Syn. excl.) ; III, 153.

This species is not so slender as the preceding ; the petiole is
wider. he insect is probably sericeous when living.

Var. Prothorax bordered with testaceous

The colors are certainly very variable.

Hab. South America. (Paris museum.)

64 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

5. E. olivaceus n. sp.—Olivaceo-fuscus, clypeo valde bidentato, apice
flavo-testaceo; thorace aureo-sericeo, antice quadrato, metanoto superne
bicarinato ; petiolo tumido sulco partito; ‘antennis subtus, tegulis et
tarsis, ferrugineis ; orbitarum maculis fascia interrupta post-scutelli
tibiisque extus testaceis; alis diaphanis, ferrugineis. 9.

Total length, 20 mill. ; wing, 15 mill.

Brown-chocolate or olive. Head and antenne blackish. Head
and thorax very delicately punctured, sericeous; prothorax broad
and square; metathorax narrower, short, having in its superior
part two carine which start nearly from the angles of the post-
scutel. The whole thorax with a golden reflection, velutinous
principally on the metathorax. fPetiole pyriform-campanular,
swelled above, parted by a delicate groove, bordered by a cordon
preceded by a transverse groove. The rest of the abdomen
depressed—pear-shaped ; the 2d segment rather elongate.

Antenne ferruginous beneath, principally at the extremity ;
wing scales and tarsi ferruginous. Mandibles, a line behind each
eye, and often the inner orbits testaceous. ‘Tibiw, knees, and
cox varied with pale yellow; an interrupted line of this color
margining the post-scutel. Borders of prothorax often ferrugi-
nous owwith golden reflections. Wings transparent, ferruginous.

?. Clypeus oval, black, scarcely punctate, ending with two
carine in two long teeth, separated by a triangular notch; its
extremity and inferior margins yellow-testaceous.

Ress. a. diff—This species much resembles #. obscurus and
ater, but differs by its metathoracic carine. It differs from £.
brunneus by its scrolled, swelled, and bordered petiole.

Hab. Surinam. This species has been communicated to me
by Capt. Von Heyden from the Senkeaberg Museum at Frank-
furt (Germany).

6. E. obscurus Smirx.—Validus, niger, sericeus; clypeo apice biden-
tato; mandibulis, flagello, pedibus anticis subtus, pronoti margine
postico tegulisque, ferrugineis; alis hyalino-ferrugineis. 9.

Pachymenes obscura Smitu, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespid., 34, 7 (1857).
Total length, 22 mill.; wing, 18 mm.
2. Black. Clypeus pyriform, having a triangular notch at its

extremity, and bidentate; often two little carine terminating in
the apical teeth. Mandibles long, slender, a little arcuated at

EUMENES. 65

tip. Thorax rather square shaped anteriorly, not margined.
Petiole campanulate, rather short; its dilatation broad, swollen
superiorly; the longitudinal channel quite obsolete, only distinct
on the anterior part of the dilatation. The rest of the abdomen
depressed.

The whole body very smooth; head and thorax very finely
punctured, covered with a fine fulvous silky pubescence. Man-
dibles, flagellum of the antenne, fore legs beneath, posterior
margin of the prothorax and wing scales, ferruginous; the borders
of the abdominal segments often brownish or ferruginous. Wings
transparent-ferruginous with brown nervures; their apical part
griseous. |

Var. a. Legs, knees, etec., rather ferruginous.

b. Abdomen quite black.

c. A little ferruginous spot under the wing; two dots on base
of antenne.

d. An interrupted ferruginous line on the post-scutel and two
obsolete lines on the mesothorax.

e. Metathorax and scutels marked with ferruginous (obscura
Smith),

Jj. The general color brownish.

g. The emargination of the clypeus more or less pronounced ;
the eclypeus not bidentate, only a little emarginate at tip.

h. A yellow mark on each side of the clypeus.

Ress. a. diff.—This species much resembles LZ. ater, but the
thorax seems to be shorter and thicker. It differs from Aztecus
by its shorter petiole, of which the dilation is more triangular,
less elongate, and by its clypeus destitute of spines. Compare
Ef. ater.

Ilab. The temperate parts of Mexico. Orizaba. 6 9.

“%. KE. ater Savuss.—Niger, obscure-sericans ; clypeo bidentato, sul fureo-
marginato; orbitis partim, post-scutelli fascia interrupta et petioli
margine, sulfureis vel ferrugineis.—% tibiis flavo-variis.

Pachymenes atra Sauss. Vespides, I, 75, 2; III, 153.

Total length, 20 mill. ; wing, 15 mill.

Form nearly as in 2. obscurus ; clypeus bidentate in the same
way; the same punctuation, but a little smaller in size. The
metathorax clothed with gray pile. The petiole not quite so

5

66 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

much dilated posteriorly, having on its hinder part a very obso-
lete wide channel. The thorax shorter, more convex; the ante-
rior margin a little bordered.

Black, with a fine sericeous reflection; flagellum of ile antenne
beneath, principally at tip, Pra cine an interrupted line. on
the post-scutel and on the hind margin of the petiole, yellow.
The end of the femora and the tibie a little tinged with yellow.
Wings ferruginous.

2. The emargination and the lateral borders of the clypeus, a
line along the orbits inside and at top outside, sulphur-yellow ;
mandibles in part and the tarsi, ferruginous.

Var. The mesopleure marked with ferruginous; the end of the
clypeus not yellow. Margin of segments brownish.

%. Antenne terminated by a little brown hook. The yellow
ornaments of clypeus more extended. Mandibles black; tibiz
with a yellow band.

Var. No yellow border at the petiole.

Ress. a. diff.—This species differs from Olivaceus by its
metathorax, which is not carinated.

Hab: Brazil. Bio Janeiro. 2,2, 2 %.

B. Petiole pyriform, depressed, less inflated above, not divided
by a@ groove.

S. E. Samta-Anna. (Fig. 6, 6a.)—Niger, politus, vel punctulatus,
argenteo-sericeus;clypeo bidentato; metanoto brevi, convexo, abdomine
depresso ; puncto frontali, pronoti margine postico, et antice fascia inter-
rupta, scutelli margine, post-scutello, maculis subalaribus, et segmen-
torum abdominis 1, 2 limbo tibiarumyue fascia, luteis; alis fusco-
venosis.—Valde variabilis species.

Eumenes Santa-Anna Sauss. Revue. et Mag. de Zoolog., IX, 1857, 272.
Total length, 16 mill.; wing, 11 mm.

Of medium size. Body polished, nearly impunctate. Ocelli
arranged on. an arcuate line. Clypeus bidentate; its teeth
spiniform. Thorax wide and quadrate before; very slightly
bordered anteriorly; its angles a little rounded. Metathorax
short, convex, as among the true Humenes, polished and punctate.
Abdomen much depressed. Petiole nearly of the length of the
thorax, campanulate, smooth, and shining, its posterior moiety
very wide and strongly depressed, its posterior border thickened

EU MENES. 67

in a marginal cordon, which is preceded by a transverse groove ;
the convexity not divided by a longitudinal furrow. Second
segment short above, nearly wider than long; its posterior border
not turned up. The metathorax has its lateral faces plane and
obliquely cut.

Insect black, little or not at all punctured, but smooth, shining,
and garnished with a silky pile of gray hair, which gives it a
satin-like or silvery appearance. A line on the scape, a little dot
on the face, a line behind each eye, posterior border of prothorax
along the curve of mesothorax, an interrupted border on the
anterior margin of prothorax, two spots under the wings and a
point on each side of the summit of the metathorax, anterior
border of the scutellum, post-scutel, and border of segments 1, 2,
of a sulphur-whitish color, generally a lateral yellow spot smelted
with the border of the petiole. Antenne black, ferruginous
beneath. Legs black, the tibis marked with a yellow line.
Wings transparent, with the nervures, the costa, and the radial
cell brown. Wing scales red or brown; their appendicular scale
yellow at the extremity.

2. Clypeus margined with yellow on each side.

Var. Clypeus black; the scape only tawny beneath.

%. Hook of the antenne long and ferruginous. Clypeus black,
argenteous.

Var. a. No spots on the metathorax. The spots of the thorax
more or Jess complete. This part of the body often passing into
brown. ‘The flagellum ferruginous beneath.

Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. Tampico. Orizaba, Cordova.

SUS ee

2. Thorax short, globular. Petiole somewhat funnel-shaped,
much lengthened; 2d segment almost the shape of a globular
bell. Body velvety, bristling with hair.

9. E. vemtricosus Savss.

Pachymenes ventricosa Sauss. Vespides, I, 77, 5, pl. xii, fig. 7.

Var. a. Second ‘abdominal segment not margined with yellow.
b. Wings very dark with brown reflections.
Hab. South America. Sante Fé de Bogota (not Carolina, as

a false ‘étiquette” made in print). Venezuela,

68 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART 1.

Division OMICRON.
(Sauss. Vespides, I, 71; IL, 133, 148.)

Body sericeus. Clypeus @ bidentate, often bicarinate. Thorax
very short, cubical before, globular behind. Petiole very elongate
—pear-shaped, not campanulate in the middle, swollen into a
polished boss at the extremity; its margin bordered by a polished
cordon, preceded by a transverse channel or constriction, but
without impressed point at the extremity; the marginal cordon
forming a simple yellow (or black) line, without indentations as
in Division a. ‘The rest of the abdomen more or less depressed,
never compressed, often polished. Second abd. segment having
its colored border followed by a second lamellar margin; second
cubital cell short. Antenne of males with a very small terminal
hook, or even quite destitute of hook, as in the females.

Ornaments.—The colored border of the posterior margin of
prothorax more pronounced than the anterior one; fasciz gene-
rally not wide. The petiole often ferruginous in the middle and
on the sides, its hind margin with a yellow band, and often also
ornamented on each side by an oblique yellow line fused with the
yellow border.

This section only contains species of small size. The head
and the thorax are very large compared with the abdomen; they
are sometimes cribrose with great punctures and covered with a
silvery pile, in place of being hairy, sub-woolly as most species of
the Division Alpha. The clypeus is more or less bidentate, never
distinctly truncate, and the ocelli have a tendency to arrangement
in a straight or arcuate transverse line. The emargination of
the eyes is situated very low, almost in the middle of their height,
and these organs entirely cover the sides of the head, which is
short. The antenne are inserted very low, sometimes below the
middle of the head.

The thorax is drawn together so as to become at times wider
than long. In front it holds in effect to the cube, being squarely
cut; behind it is rounded, tending rather to the globular form.
The part situated before the scutellum is always sensibly wider
than long, and the prothorax is not in the least attenuated; on the
contrary, it is angulate, squarely cut, and forms the wider part of
the thorax. The scufels are quite driven back upon the slope of
the metathorax, which is completely drawn together, having its

EU MENES. 69

inferior part almost retracted before; its posterior face is con-
vex, not at all or hardly divided by a channel into two ridges:
its lateral faces are oblique, and form at their meeting with the
hinder part two trenchant vertical edges. Behind the wing scale
there is a little process The petiole, at first slender, expands
at the extremity more like a small funnel than in a pyriform
shape.

The clypeus of the males is generally not colored yellow as in
the division Alpha, but resembles that of the female.

The most perfect type of this little group is the /. globicollis
Spin.

The characters which call for enumeration are on each side more
and more effaced among the species which by their form approach
to the type of Division Pachymenes and of the Division Alpha.
(For example the 4. callimorpha holds almost middle ground
between the Division Omteron and Alpha; E. Sumichrasti has
a sort of impression at the end of petiole, as in Division Alpha;
Li. infernalis has the second segment swelled, subecompressed,
etc. )

One must not be too particular about the indefinable limits of
the divisions.

A. Thorax quite short, cubic-globular, larger than the pear of
the abdomen; the 2d seqment of this wider than long (as in
genus Tatua), wide-globular.

10. E. globicollis Spix. 9.—Niger, cano-sericeus, dense-cribrato-
punctatus; capite latiore qnam longiore; clypeo pentagonali, levi,
punctulato, apice subfisso; thorace globoso, penelatiore quam longiore,
superne valde convexo, antice truncato, vix perspicue marginato; petialo
antice lineari, postice trigonali. parum marginato; 2° abd. segmento
depresso, truncato, cum sequentibus valde cano-illudente: antennis
subtus, macula frontali, pronoti marginibus, scutellis pedibusque,
petiolo subtus, nee non abd. segmentorum margine, plus minus obscure
fusco-ferruginescentibus ; orbitis postice, post-tegulis, margineque peti-
oli, flavis; alis basi fuscescentibus, Long. 9 mill.

Variat. fere omnino niger, vel 2° abd. segmento flavo-limbato.

Zethus globicolis, Sprroua Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr., 1841, X, 150, pl. xiii, fig. 6.
Eumenes globicollis Sauss. Et. Vespides, IIT, 151, 40, pl. viii, fig. 6, Ga.

=

Hab. Brazil. Para. (Typus in museo Spinole (mus, Tauri-
nense) et in auctoris museo. )

70 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Li. E. regulus Sauss. (Fig. 7, 7a, 7b.)—Minutus, niger, subsericeus;
thorace minore, sparse cribrato-punctato; abdomine polito; clypeo
subemarginato; antennis subtus et prouoti margine antico, ferrugineis;
puncto frontali, margine postivo pronoti, post-scutelli et abdominis seg-
mentorum 1-2, flavis; alis infuscatis, stigmate opaco; tegulis ferru-
gineo-marginatis.

Eumenes regulus Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool., IX, 1857, 272.

Total length, 7} mill.; wing, 6 mill.

°. Very small. Head densely punctured. Ocelli placed in a
line very little bent, not forming a triangle. Clypeus delicately
punctured, convex, having its extremity pointed, hardly notched
and bidentate. Thorax strongly cubical, offering all tke charac-
ters of the division, cribrose with large deep scattered punctures;
angles of the prothorax a little raised. Metathorax flattened
convex, only divided by a line, cribrose like the rest of thorax.
Petiole as long as the thorax, polished, not cribrose, linear as far
as the middle, then enlarged triangularly, bossed, swelled above
at the extremity and finally bordered with a salient yellow cordon,
which is preceded by a transverse channel; the pyriform part
of the abdomen very small. Second segment globularly bell-
shaped, depressed, wider than long, flattened beneath, convex
above, polished, offering a satin-gray reflection; its hinder border
rather concave, cut out.

Insect black, clothed with a silvery pile: mandibles, the scape
and extremity of the antennz beneath and a point between their
insertion, ferruginous; posterior border of the orbits and a point
in their sinus, yellow or ferruginous; anterior border of the pro-
thorax ferruginous; the posterior one margined with a yellow
band, which makes an angle with a ferruginous or yellow fascia
placed on the sides before the wing scale. Anterior margin of
scutel, post-scutel, and a line on each side on the edge of the
metathorax, or only a spot on each side on its summit, yellow;
wing scale ferruginous or bordered with brown, the post-tegular
process yellow. Often there is on the thorax something of brown.
Petiole often having its middle and a line on each side ferrugi-
nous; its hinder margin adorned with a yellow border, fused with
a yellow spot on each side of its extremity. The second segment
margined with yellow. The other segments black, or bordered
by a yellow or testaceous submarginal slightly sinuous band. Feet

EUMENES. Tk

black, varied with ferruginous; tarsi and tibiew Ist, 2d, brown or
ferruginous. Wings transparent, smoky; brown along the ante-
rior margin; the brown extending as far as the end of the radial
cell. Stigma very large, black, often opaque, surrounded by a
transparent zone. First discoidal cell almost rectangular; third
cubital wider than long; the second small.

%. Thirteenth article of the antenne very variable, sometimes
rudimentary, not forming a hook, but only a little tubercle, some-
times forming a very small black hook; sometimes more elongate,
ferruginous. Sometimes the antenne are simple, as in the females.
Clypeus as in the ¢, hardly emarginate, shining, black; its infe-
rior extremity only presenting two small approaching projections,
or a little parted by a channel; black, as in the 2, or with two
yellow dots near the summit. ©

Var. a. Markings of the thorax often ferruginous and the little
process situated behind the wing scale, not yellow; the yellow
fasciz of the last segments of the abdomen dull, sometimes fer-
ruginous.

b. Head entirely black. Scutel scarcely marked with yellow.

c. The scape of the antenne ferruginous, obscure above.

d. Wing scale ferruginous.

e. Petiole quite black.

J. The yellow ornaments changing into ferruginous.

g. Metathorax quite black.

h. No yellow fascia before the tegule on the sides.

Common varieties.—A. The 2d segment a little shorter; its
margin a little more concave. Hinder margin of prothorax
honey-yellow or fulvous; scutel and post-scutel dull rufous, meso-
pleuree dull rufous. (10 2,2 %.)

Var. Scutel rufous, post-scutel yellow. J cannot consider this
as a different species.

B. Prothorax quite black, with the hinder margin yellow;
scutel black; post-tegule and post-seutel,yellow; two yellow
dots on top of metathorax, or two lines on its angles.

Ress. a. diff.—Differs from the #. microscopicus (its near
neighbor) by the arrangement of the ocelli, which do not form a
triangle, but only an areuate line.

It is distinguished from 2. Meaicanus by its small size; by its
yet: shorter thorax, more analogous to that of the 2. globicollis;

by its abdomen, longer and smaller in proportion; by its elypeus

72 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

not distinctly bidentate at the end; by the opaque stigma of the
wing; and by the much coarser puncture of the thorax. It differs
from “. aviculus by its smaller thorax, polished, impunctate
abdomen; from (thoracicus by its smaller, regularly convex
thorax; from TYotonacus by its grayish-silky body, its pale yellow
ornaments, its narrow abdominal bands, and its wings in which
the 2d recurrent nerve is not interstitial, but falls into the 2d
cubital cell. This Hwmenes much resembles Polybia occidentalis,
parcvula, ete., but differs by its clypeus not angular and by the
punctures of the body.

Hab. The hot and temperate regions of Mexico. Tampico,
Cordova, Orizaba. (I have taken several specimens, 9 %, at
Tampico and at Cordova, 44 2; 27 %.)

Fig. 7 represents the male enlarged; the petiole is a little too short, and
its pyriform part too large. In the fig. 7a, the clypeus is not sufficiently

prolonged at the extremity, and tootruncate. In the fig. 7b, the abdomen
is too large.

312. E. Fotomacus n. sp.—Minutus, niger, nitidissimus; thorace
punctato, petiolo elongato, lineari, apice trigonaliter dilatato; pronoti
margine postico, post-scutello, metanoti strigis 2, abdominis segmentorum
li, 2i margine sat late, lete flavis, petiolo medio ferrugineo; alis infu-
matis, 2" vena recurrente interstitiali.

©. Total length, 8 mill.; wing, 63 mill.
*%,. Total length, 7 mill.; wing, 53 mill.

2. Quite similar to #. regulus; only differing by the follow-
ing: Body more brilliant black, less grayish-silky. Clypeus
shining, delicately punctured, and its extremity parted by a groove,
subbidentate. Head finely punctured. Scutel convex, parted by
a strong groove. Metathorax parted by a groove up to the top
as in Regulus, or still more strongly; more polished, punctures
more scattered. fPetiole a little longer; all of the abdomen very
much polished.

Black: A spot at base and extremity of the scape, and the
extremity of antenne beneath, tawny; a spot in the sinus of the
eye and one behind the summit, yellow or tawny; posterior mar-
gin of prothorax, post-tegule, post-scutel, and angles of meta-
thorax, bright yellow; the middle of the petiole ferruginous ; its
margin vellow; on each side a transverse line fused with the
yellow border; the second segment with a rather broad yellow

EUMENES. 73

fascia; those following with a piceous border. Tibis and tarsi
more or less ferruginous. Wings cloudy, the 2d recurrent nerve
quite interstitial, or even falling a little into the third cubital
cell. ,

%. Hook of the antenne very small.

Var. a. Metathorax without yellow fascie.

b. A spot under the wing and the anterior border of prothorax
in part, yellow or tawny.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is an example of the difficulty of
the study of these numerous little Mexican species, which is not
possible but with numerous specimens. It quite resembles ZL.
regulus, but the body is very much polished (like glass), very
black, not grayish, and the more elongate filiform part of the
petiole gives it a peculiar appearance; the yellow ornaments also
are bright yellow, not citron; the yellow fascia of the 2d segment
is wider, and nearly double; the tip of petiole has a fascia; lastly
the character of the wing is a very sure guide in distinguishing
this species.

mgueeexico, Banos, 3 9, 1%.

13. E. aviculus n. sp.—Parvulus, thorace valido, globoso, convexo,
dense cribrato-punctato; aldomine punctato; petiolo postive trigonali
obscure rufo-variegato, scutellis et pedibus partim rufis; alis nebulosis ;
variat scutello nigro, post-scutello flavo.

@. Total length, 8-9 mill.; wing, 6.3 mill.
*,. Total length, 7.5 mill.; wing, 5 mill.

2. Form much the same as in #. regulus. But the thorax
much larger, cubic; the petiole wider, more triangular posteriorly,
and more inflated. Head a little more strongly punctured, thorax
more densely, quite densely cribrose; the petiole and abdomen are
also densely punctured, but not so coarsely as the thorax. Clypeus
a little wider, cribrose, its apex also subbidentate, or divided by
a little groove. Disk of mesothorax more wide than long, parted
anteriorly by a little suleosity; secutels quite oblique, forming
altogether with the metathorax the convex hind face of the
thorax. Second segment depressed.

Black, very slightly sericeous. Tips of mandibles, antenne
beneath, a frontal spot, a line behind the eyes, borders of pro-
thorax, mesopleure, tegule, scutels, sides of metathorax and of

the abdomen, berders of all the segments, tibix, and tarsi, dull-

74 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

rufous. Wings cloudy, iridescent; nerves and stigma blackish;
2d cubital cell as in #. regulus, as long as wide; its radial
margin broad.

Var. a. Mandibles more ferruginous. Antenne dull ferrugi-
nous with an obscure line on the scape, and blackish on the
flagellum.

b. Head black without ferruginous spots.

c. Prothorax ferruginous.

d. Post-scutel and tegule blackish.

e. Prothorax black, only the posterior border ferruginous.

jf. Angles of post-scutel, post-tegule, and border of petiole
yellow.

%. Smaller. Clypeus grayish-silky. Antenne with a little
ferruginous hook. ‘The frontal spot, scape beneath, margin of
petiole yellow.

Var. Prothorax black; its hinder margin yellow; post-scutel
yellow ; margin of the abdominal segments yellowish.

Common -variety.—Generally of small size. Body quite black;
scape and apex of the antenne beneath ferruginous. Posterior
border of prothorax, post-scutel, border of abdominal segment,
Ist, 2d, yellow; of the others dull-yellowish. Tegule fuscous ;
feet partly ferruginous. Petiole not so much dilated posteriorly,
more pyriform than triangular. (5 9, 2%. Cordova.)

Ress. a. diff.—A very distinct species by its large convex
thorax and strongly punctured abdomen. The head and thorax
are much as in Zhoracicus, but the dorsum of the thorax is regu-
Jarly convex, not deformed. In the little varieties, the thorax
gets smaller, and the petiole narrower than in Regulus, but the
punctured abdomen always enables one to distinguish the species.

Hab. Mexico; the Oriental Cordillera; Orizaba, Cordoba,
Moyoapam. (12 2, 6% )

14. E. thoracicus pn. sp.—Parvulus, niger fulvo-velutinus: thorace
sat valido, globoso, superne deformi, mesonoti disco subbicarinato,
utrinque foveolato et subgibberoso, sparse cribrato-punctato; abdomine
impunctato, petiolo postice piriformi; corpore obscure rufo-variegato ;
seutellis rufis; petiolo flavo-limbato: alis nebulosis.

@. Total length, 10 mil’. ; wing, 8 mm.
%. Total length, 9 mill.; wing, 7 mm.

2. Head and thorax as in Z. aviculus. Clypeus punctured,
but not bicarinate, and parted by a groove at tip; having the tip

EUMENES. 1a

flat, a little truncate, or sub-emarginate. The head a little more
unequal; the grooves of the antennex stronger, etc. The thorax
not quite so large nor so cubic anteriorly ; the disk of the meso-
thorax somewhat gibbous, having two longitudinal caring: in the
middle and on each side before a sort of sinking or excavation,
behind which is an eminence next to the wing scale; two sulco-
sities continue the excavation up to the scutel; the scutellum
oblique, parted by a groove; the metathorax still more divided
by a groove. The thorax covered with strong, rather scattered
punctures; on the metathorax not so strong. Abdomen polished,
not punctured, or only indistinctly ; petiole more elongate, not
so broad, behind more pyriform-truncate than triangular, not
much inflated.

Black, with a fulvo-sericeus pile. End of mandibles, antenne
beneath, a frontal spot, a line behind the eyes, and a spot in their
emargination, dull ferruginous. Both borders of prothorax,
tegula, post-tegule, scutels, and sides of the abdomen, obscure
ferruginous ; border of petiole with a yellow margin; the other
segments with an obscure ferruginous marginal band; that of
the third and following segments twice notched. Feet ferrugi-
nous, black at base. Wings cloudy, nerves blackish.

%. A little smaller, but quite identical with the female. The
clypeus might be a little more bidentate; the hook of antenne
small, blackish.

Var. a. Antenne, prothorax, and mesopleure more or less
ferruginous.

b. The disk of mesothorax not bicarinate.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is very much like #. aviculus, having
nearly the same coloration, but differs principally by its not
strongly punctate abdomen, and narrower, longer petiole. It is
easy to distinguish from all neighboring species by its deformed
mesothorax; in other things quite close to BE. regulus.

Hab. Mexico. Oriental Cordillera. (20 2, 3 %, Mr. Suni-
chrast. )

B. Thorax a little longer than wide. The 2d segment of abdo-
men sometimes rather elongate.

15. EH. Mexicanus. (Fig. 8, 8a.)—Sat minntus, niger, dense pune-
tatus ; scutello crassius cribrato; elypeo plano, nitido, apice bispinoso;

utrinque antennis subtus et pronoti margine antico, ferrugineis, puneto

.

76 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

frontali, pronoti margine postico et abd. segmentorum 1, 2' limbo, flavis ;
pedibus obscure ferrugineis, basi nigris; alis subinfuscatis.
Eumenes Mexicanus Sauss. Rev. Zool., 1857, VI, 272.

2. Total length, 11 mill. ; wing, 8 mm.

*%. Total length, 10 mill.; wing, 7 mm.

Not so small as the preceding; head wide, densely punc-
tured. Clypeus pyriform, flattened, terminated by two sharp,
spiniform teeth ; a frontal carina between the antenne continued
hy a delicate sulcosity up to the middle ocellus. ‘Thorax cubical
before, rounded behind, nearly as wide as long; densely punc-
tured throughout; its anterior margin a little turned up.

The punctures a little finer on the metathorax, those of scutel-
lum coarse and more distant or scattered. Disk of mesothorax
parted by a delicate sulcosity. Abdomen shining and polished ;
petiole punctured but shining, at first linear and then truncate,
pear-shaped, bossed, somewhat bidentate, rimmed at the extremity ;
the rim preceded by a strong constriction; the pyriform part of
the abdomen shining and satin like; very finely punctured; the
second segment a little contracted behind, slightly depressed; that
is, wider than high, somewhat wider than long; truncated a little
from above downward and from before backward; that is, the
inferior face is a little longer than the superior; the posterior
border slightly sinuous in the middle; the subjacent lamina not
sinuous.

Body black, clothed with a silvery-falvous pile Mandibles
ferruginous at the extremity and sometimes tinged with that color
at base. A yellow or ferruginous spot between the antenne;
these last black above, ferruginous beneath; often the scape is
chestnut-bay beneath and at base. Posterior border of the pro-
thorax marked with a narrow yellow line; the anterior and lateral
borders rufous. Scutellum often bordered with yellow or tawny
anteriorly, or with two yellow marks; post-scutel yellow, with
the anterior border black; petiole a little ferruginous on the sides
and on its narrow part; the two first segments of the abdomen
bordered by a yellow cordon; the lamellar border of the second
and the margins of the following testaceus-rufous. Feet sombre
ferruginous; black at the base. Wings smoky. Wing scales
ferruginous, marked with a yellow dot on their posterior margin.

9. Clypeus black, with a yellow macula on each side near the

EU MENES. vO

top, or bordered with yellow on its lateral margins, or entirely
black.

%. Clypeus yellow, covered with a silvery pile ; the flagellum
of the antenne more ferruginous at base, black in its second
part, with a moderate ferruginous hook. Thorax a little more
elongate.

Var. Clypeus bordered all round with black.

Var. In both sexes, the teeth of the clypeus are more or less
spiniform, sometimes the notch between them is filled by a little
arcuated border, which makes the teeth short and not spiniform.
The dilated part of the petiole is more or less wide; more or less
bidentate, or not bidentate; the frontal and mesothoracic sulcosity
not distinct.

a. Clypeus and head entirely black. Anterior border of the
prothorax and scutellum black.. Petiole without ferruginous.

b. Clypeus margined on both sides with yellow.

c. Mesothorax with two rufous lines; scutels bordered with
yellow.

d. The metathorax and mesopleure passing to ferruginous.

e. The end of petiole mixed with brown,.or with two transverse
lines, smelted with the yellow border.

f. Abdomen passing to brown.

g. The yellow marking of the thorax more or less wanting ;
no spot on the wing scale,

Ress. a. diff.—This species is very near to the LZ. callimorphus
Sauss., but is distinguished from it by certain characters difficult
to describe. The clypeus is flatter; its teeth are a little shorter;
the o¢elli are placed upon a less arcuate line, and the vertex has
two transverse grooves between the summit of the eyes and the
external ocelli. The thorax is more coarsely and less densely
punctured and above all wider and larger in proportion; its
angles are a little upturned at the shoulders. The petiole is
shorter; its dilatation is more funnel shaped, less pyriform. The
second segment seen from above is a little more sinuous, which
renders the lamellar edge more salient. The abdomen is more
distinctly punctured. The coloration, finally, is strongly analo-
gous. Distinct from 4. regulus and totonacus by its larger
size, and its flattened, bidentate clypeus, ete. Differs from JZ.
olmecus by its smaller size, punctate, not velutinous thorax, more

78 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

inflated petiole, shorter 2d segment, with rather sinuated margin,
etc. See also the Z. Nortoniana and Cressoniana.

Hab. The Gulf side of Mexico. (LI have taken some specimens
of it at Tampico.) The Oriental Cordillera, Banio (Mr. Sumi-
ehrast). 9 9315 62

Nota.—Mr. Sumichrast attributes to this insect a most interest-
ing nest. It is formed of a mass of cellules or habitations com-
posed of a black bark which seems to be agglutinated by some
gummy material. These habitations are more or less cylindrical
and gummed one against another. But although they form a
double row, they are not always parallel like the cells of social
wasps, but a little oblique the one upon the other, which renders
their arrangement quite irregular. This nest is fixed upon a
little branch of the oak. It greatly resembles in its system that
of Zethus Romandinus, which I have cited as apropos of this
species. But its surface, instead of being fibrous, is here cellulous-
rugose; one remarks here some little rounded or polygonal cells,
the borders of which form a sort of reticulation, which is, how-
ever, but a simple sculpture; the fossettes are too small to be
compared to basal sockets, and have absolutely nothing in common
with the outlines of cells which one often finds on the borders of
wasps’ nests. I should not be surprised if this nest should be
rather that of a Zethus than of the ZH. mexicanus, and that it
should prove to be an error in the “ etiquette” mark.

16. KE. Sumaichrasti n. sp.—Crassiusculus, niger; clypeo bidentato ;
thorace quadrato, tenuissime ruguloso; abdomine nitido, petiolo sparse
punctato, campanulato, incrassato-marginato ; apice sulco diviso; frontis
macula, margine postico pronoti, abdominis segmentorum li, 2‘ limbo,
post-scutelloque, flavis. Q.

Total length, 11 mill.; wing, 8.3 mill.

2. Quite closely related to H. Mexricanus. <A little larger.
Clypeus bidentate, not so much flattened. Thorax a little longer,
not so distinctly punctured but quite delicately shagreened all
over. The petiole more campanulate, wider, truncate; much
swelled, also bordered by a salient cordon, but parted by a groove
with a shallow impression before the border; 2d segment rather
elongate, the lamellar edge very narrow, hardly distinet, although
the first edge is not thick.

Black, with grayish-silky reflection; abdomen silky-shining,

EUMENES, 79

very delicately punctured; the petiole distinctly punctured.
Mandibles in part, antenne beneath, tegule, knees and tibiz partly
rufo-fuscous; a dot between the antenne, a line behind the eyes,
hind border of prothorax, post-scutel and border of segment Ist,
9d, yellow; the rest of the abdomen, even the lamellar edge of
%d segment, quite black. Wings cloudy.

Ress. a. diff —Resembles very much L. Santa-Anna and levis,
in the form of its petiole, but this is parted by a groove at the
end, and the thorax is shagreened ; the petiole is also shorter.

Hab. Mexico; the Oriental Cordillera. Orizaba (Mr. Sumi-

chrast).

1%. E. Brasilamus n. sp.—Niger; clypeo nigro, apice bidentato;
thoraee punctato, quadrato, pronoti margine postico ferrugineo vel flavo,
tegularuim margine ferrugineo; abdominis segmentorum margine 1—5
flavo limbato; mandibulis, tibiis et tarsis antice ferrugineis, reliquis
ferruginescentibus; alis subinfusecatis. ©.

®. Total length, 10} mm.; wing, 84 mm.

?. This insect is exactly like the #. mexicanus, and only
differs from it in certain characters.

The clypeus is less flattened, and is not shining but dull; there
is hardly any frontal carina. The punctuation of the body is
apparently the same or a little more dense. The scutellum is a
little less strongly cribrose. The antenne are scarcely ferrugi-
nous beneath. The clypeus and the scutels are entirely black; the
segments 3-5 have their borders delicately ornamented with yel-
low above and beneath.

This species may be but a variety of the ZH. mexicanus. In
both species the 2d cubital cellule of the wing is quite large, tra-
peziform, with straight borders; the radial border is large.

Hab. Brazil. (The author’s collection.)

18. E. laevis Mini.—Niger, cinereo-sericeus, levis, fere impunctatus;
clypeo acute bidentato; thorace antice quadrato; abdomine depresso ;
petiolo depresso-gibbosog; mandibulis et antennis subtus, ferrugineis;
linea scapi antennarum, lineola pronoti marginis postici et tenuissima
marginis antici, fascia scutelli, lineis 2 metanoti et margine petioli,
flavis; abdominis segmentis rufo marginatis, fascia premarginali flava;
tibiis flavo-variis; alis fusceseentibus. 9.

Variat. abd. segm, margine 30-5° ferrugineo.

E. cingulatus Sauss. Et. Vesp., IT, 151, 41 (Syn. exel.).

Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

80 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

This species has not been sufficiently well described.

?. Clypeus flattened, polished; its apex carinated into two very
acute teeth, separated by a shallow notch. Thorax globular,
polished, square anteriorly, with its angles insensibly raised.
Metathorax very delicately punctured, parted by a channel.
Abdomen polished, much depressed; the second half of the
petiole rather wide, although swelled above; the hind margin of
the second segment straight ; not sinuous.

Insect black, with an argenteous reflection. Antenne slender,
ferruginous below at the apex; frequently a yellow line oa the
scape. A spot on the forehead and in the sinus of the eyes,
yellow. A narrow interrupted line on the anterior border of the
prothorax, a line on the posterior margin, a spot before the wing,
two dots on the anterior angles of the scutellum, a band on the
post-scutellum, and two lines on the metathorax, yellow; the
margin of the first two abdominal segments also bordered with a
yellow line; that of the petiole smelted with two lateral spots;
the lamellar borders of segments 2d and following, rufo-testace-
ous; this color preceded by a fine yellow line. Coxe and tibiz
ornamented with yellow. Wings cloudy, with golden reflection.

Ress. a. diff.—This species approaches very much to £. calli-
morpha, but its abdomen is much depressed; the petiole not so
long, more dilated; the clypeus less notched. The thorax,
although more polished, has just the same form. In its appear-
ance this Hunenes quite resembles LH. mexicanus, but it is larger,
the clypeus is more ovoid, not so pyriform; the body is not
punctured, and the thorax is a little longer than wide. In its
depressed abdomen and its impunctured body, it quite resembles
EF. Santa-Anna, but it is more slender, less depressed; the thorax
has another appearance, etc. Nevertheless, it annoys me much
to separate ZH. levis from EH. Santa-Anna, but the first seems to
be a smaller Brazilian representative of the last.

Hab. Brazil; Para. (The type in the collection of Spinola,
Turin mus., and in the author’s collection. )

Observation.—The Fabrician synonym is very doubtful; I first
adopted it according to the collection of Spinola, but the deserip-
tion given by Fabr. does not fit our insect, which, as we think,
must be considered a different one.

EUMENES. 81

19. BE. Novaree Savss.—Gracilis, niger, flavo et badio tenniter varie-
gatus; antennis subtus ferrugineis; clypeo bidentato; abdomine de-
presso, segmentis anguste flavo-limbatis ; petiolu elongato, piriformi.
HE. Novare Sauss. Reise d. Oesterr. Fregat. Novara, Zool., Il, Hymen. 6,

ie figs os
Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 103 mm.

?. Black, sericeous. Thorax short, globular, very convex.
Petiole elongate, not campanular, bordered by a cordon. Body
very delicately punctate, the metathorax a little more strongly,
argenteo-sericeous. The extremity of the mandibles, teeth of the
clypeus, antennze beneath, a spot on the forehead, fulvo-ferrugi-
nous; base of mandibles, lateral border of clypeus, a dot in the
sinus of the eye, and a line behind their summit, yellow; a line on
the hind margin of prothorax and a line on each angle and border
of tegule, ferruginous; two spots on the angles of scutel, a line
on post-scutel, a dot and a line on the sides of thorax, and a little
line on the margins of the segments of abdomen, yellow. Feet
black with the coxe maculate with yellow; knees and tibiz out-
side yellow. Wings hyaline, with black nerves and the anterior
margin narrowly brown. )

Var. All the ornaments more or less yellow or ferruginous.

fess. a. diff.—This species has a depressed form; it resembles
Hf. Santa-Anna, although it is not so much depressed, and more
slender. It comes very close to LZ. levis, but with a shorter
thorax. Not having the type, I dare not give a more approxi-
mate composition. It is a little larger than Z. olmecus, and a
little smaller than 4. Santa-Anna.

fab. Brazil, Rio Janeiro. (Museum of Vienna.)

20. E. minutus Fasr.—F. regulo paulo major, niger, punctatus,
aureo-sericeus ; clypeo convexiusculo, punctulato; antennis subtus fer-
rugineo-variis; pronoti margine postico, post-scutello abdominisque seg-
mentorum limbo, flavis; pedibus nigris, tibiis et tarsis obscure ferrugi-
neis; alis subinfuseatis. 9.

? Eumenes minuta Fawr. Syst. Piez., 291, 23 (1804).

Total length, 9 mm. ; wing, 7 mm.

2. A species extremely near to #. mexicanus. Size a little

smaller; body a little more slender; clypeus slightly convex

] v ? . N « i

punctured and ovoid, subemarginate at tip (not strongly biden-
6

82 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

tate); no frontal carina. ‘Thorax smaller, a little shorter; the
angles of the prothorax not upturned ; the petiole more slender; the
second abdominal segment a little shorter and with a less sinuous
border. The scutel having about the same punctuations as the
rest of the thorax.

Insect black, clothed with a golden pile; antenne slightly
varied with ferruginous beneath; a yellow line behind the summit
of the eyes; posterior margin of the prothorax and post-scutel
marked with a honey-yellow cordon; anterior border of the pro-
thorax on each side a little tawny; a feeble dot under the wing
and the post-tegulz yellow, as well as a narrow border on all the
segments of the abdomen. (The second lamina of the border of
the second segment, also yellow.) Wing scale black, bordered
with brown. Feet black, tibiz outside and tarsi ferruginous.
‘Wings slightly smoky, stigma opaque.

Ress. a. diff.—It is larger than H. regulus, the thorax not
covered with strong punctures but finely and densely punctured;
the end of petiole not so much canaliculate before the margin.
It comes quite near HL. totonacus, but is a little larger, the thorax
more densely punctured; the scutel not gibbous and not parted.

Hab. Brazil.

21. E. cingulatus Fasr.
Eumenes cingulata Fasr. S. P., 287, 13 (1804).—Sauss. Vespides, III,
151, 41.

Hab. Cayenne. (Typus Saussurii in mus. Svinole, Tauri-

nensi. )

22. E. parvulus Savss.
Eumenes parvulus Sauss. Vespides, III, 149, 37, pl. viii, fig. 5, 5a (1854).

Hab. Brazil. (Typus in museo Parisiensi. )

23. E. pusillus SAvss.
- Eumenes pusillus Sauss. Vespides, III, 149, 38 (1854).

Hab. Brazil. (Typus in museo Parisiensi.)

24. E. microscopicus Savss.
Eumenes microscopica Sauss. Vespides, I, 72, 62 (1852).

Hab. Brazil. (Typus in museo Parisiensi.)

Se

HUMENES. $3

‘These species are imperfectly known; I do not possess them
in my collection, and it may be possible that our 4. minutus
proves to be one of them.

C. Thorax not so wide; longer than broad; not larger, or even
smaller than the pear of the abdomen. (Form very much
as in Division Alpha.)

25. K. callimorphusSavss.—Niger, levis, gracilis; clypeo valde
bidentato; thorace tenuiter dense punctato, mesonoto haud sulcato;
abdomine gracili, petiolo subelongato, angusto; antennarum articulis
1-4 plus minusveferrugineis; corpore ut in L. Mericano flavo-ornato,
petiolo utrinque linea flava.

Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

E. callimorpha Savuss. Et. Vesp., I, 71, 61, pl. xiii, fig. 4; ibid. III, 148.
2? LE. campanulate Fase. 8. P., 291, 22, 9.

Clypens terminated by two spiniform teeth. A more or less
distinct frontal carina., Thorax quadrate before, delicately punc-
tured; its angles slightly reflexed. Petiole elongate; its pear-
shaped part slender, truncate, bordered, and channelled as in
the other species. The abdomen depressed.

Black, covered with a very short silvery pile; the abdomen
quite polished; the pile making it appear tenously strigate.
Antenne beneath, a part of the mandibles, and teeth of clypeus,
ferruginous. A spot on the forehead, one in the sinus of each eye,
a line behind the eyes, yellow:tawny; both borders of prothorax,
(the anterior one interrupted), a spot under the wing, post-
tegule, anterior border of scutels; posterior border of the abdo-
minal segments, a line all along the sides of the petiole and an
oblique spot smelted on each side with its border, yellow or
rather ferruginous. The extreme margin of the segments 2-5,
brown. Knees, tibie, and tarsi most ferruginous. Wings
smoky. 7

2. Clypeus black, with two yellow spots near the top; its
teeth spiniform, carinated.

%. Clypeus yellow, argenteous; its teeth not so sharp, not
carinated.

Var. The colors are more or less developed, as in other species.
The legs more or less ferruginous, at times entirely red; the
petiole beneath and on the sides is of the same color; no yellow
line upon the seutellum. The clypeus is more or less strongly

84 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

bidentate, the teeth are at times long, sharp, separated by an
angular notch; often less long and separated by a shallow notch
like the arc of a circle; a little carina often parts the anterior
margin of the scutel. Wings with some violet reflections.

fess. a. diff,—This is larger and more slender than all the
preceding, butsmallerthan Z. olmecus. It makes the transition
to the Division Alpha. It has the same coloration as most of
the species of the same division, except that it possesses all along
each side of the petiole a yellow line. The petiole and the pear
of the abdomen are also more elongate, the 2d segment longer
than wide.

Hab. Brazil. 2 9,1% from Bahia. 2 ? (coll. Spinola), from
Rio Janeiro.

The description which Fabricius has given of his #. campa-
nulata does not mention the two lateral yellow lines of the petiole,
nor the spots of the clypeus, nor does it accord well in the
antenne with the Z. callimorpha, for which reason we do not dare
to assert positively that this is the #. campanulata of Fabr.

There are probably more than one species very closely allied
to this which might be easily confounded with it; f. 2., the fol-
lowing description which I find in my notes seems to indicate a
different species with sulcate mesonotum.

26. E. incertus.—E. callimorpho simillimus, at clypeo minus biden-
tato, mesonoti disco 2- vel 4-suleato; corpore nigro; antennis subtus et
tibiis extus, ferrugineis ; pronoti marginibus, petioli lineis literalibus 2
et margine, segmentorumque 29-40 linea premarginali tenuissima, sul-
fureis. 9.

2. Figure, size, and form the same as that of Z. callimorpha,
but differs in the clypeus, shining, offering also two carinz, but
less strongly bidentate; its latero-inferior borders sinuate.
Thorax a little more distinetly punctured; the disk of the meso-
thorax offers four longitudinal furrows.

Insect black, shining, with silvery reflections. Antenne ferru-
ginous beneath; a fine line bordering the two margins of the
prothorax, ferruginous or yellowish. The bordering of the
petiole, a little mark on each side of the middle of it, and a spot
above toward its base, sulphur-yellow, as well as a fine submar-
ginal line upon segments 2-4, both above and beneath; the
extreme border of these last, black. Tibiz Ist, 2d, ferruginous
before; wings a little smoky.

EUMENES. 85

Hab. Para. (Collect. of Spinola. Collected by Mr. Ghiliani.)
May be a variety of the H. callimorpha?

2%. E. miles n. sp.—Niger, punctulatus, cinereo-sericans ; mandibulis
pedibusque partim rufis; clypeo apice bispinoso, utrinque fascia auran-
tia; corpore valde aurantio-variegato; alis nigrescentibus. 9.

Length of the wing, 10 mm.

. Size of ZL. pomiformis, smaller than fraternus.

Black, grayish-silky, shining, delicately punctured. Head
rather broader than Jong. Mandibles very long, arcuated at tip,
reddish, with a yellow spot at base. Clypeus flattened, ending
in two sharp spines, in which fall two short carine. The borders
of clypeus yellow; antenne blackish; fulvous beneath up to the
4th joint. A spot on the forehead, one in the emargination of
each eye, a line behind the eye, a fascia on the fore and on the
hind margin of prothorax, a spot under the wing, the anterior
margin of scutel and post-scutel, and two fasciz on the meta-
thorax, orange yellow. Margin of the wing scales, knees, tibiz,
and tarsi, ferruginous; the latter rather obscure above. Wings
smoky, rather blackish on the costal margin, with violet reflec-
tions; 2d cubital cell broad at its hinder margin, narrow at its
faci@ieside: (Abdomen ..... 7).

Hab. Guiana, Surinam. (Hamburg museum.)

By the form of its clvpeus and its silky-pubescence this species
fits in this Division, but the inneuration of the wing assimilates
it more to Division a.

28. E. Oimecus nt. sp.—Niger, punctulatus ; clypeo apice bispinoso;
thorace supernue convexo, metathorace angustiore in clunis 2 per sulcum
profundun diviso; petiolo elongato-piriformi, apice truncato, marginato ;
antennis subtus pedibusque partim, obscure-ferrugineis ; capitis macu-
lis, pronoti limbo postico et utrinque antico, abdominis segmentorum
margine subtus obscure-ferrugineis vel flavescentibus ; post-scutelli
linea, margineque segmentorum 1‘, 2', flavis; alis costa nigra. Q.

Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

©. Antenne slender. Clypeus bidentate at tip; the labrum
large, truncate; ocelli disposed in an arcuate line. Thorax
quadrate anteriorly, short, convex, delicately punctate and velu-
tinous ; behind the angles of the prothorax an obsolete depression.
Metathorax compressed, angulated; parted by a deep groove ;

86 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

its lateralridges sharp. Petiole as in I/urbide, elongate-pyriform,
truncate, convex, not parted by a channel; the hind margin
bordered, the border preceded by a transverse channel. The
rest of the abdomen depressed.

Black, with a fulvous or purple-silky reflection. The extremity
of the labrum, the lateral borders of clypeus, a spot between the
antenne, a dot in the emargination of the eyes, the antenne
beneath, the end of mandibles, and a line behind the top of the
eyes, tawny. The hinder margin of prothorax, an interrupted line
on the anterior margin, or only on its angles, a line over the
middle cox, tawny ; wing scale brown or ferruginous; two dots
on the anterior angles of scutel, a line on the post-scutel, and the
margin of segment Ist, 2d, yellow; the lamellar margin of 2d
segment and of those following, brownish. Beneath, the margin
of the segments fulvous. [eet ferruginous and blackish. Wings
hyaline, smoky, with iridescent reflection; the anterior margin
blackish.

Var. The spots on the head and hiader margin of prothorax,
yellow; two yellow dots on the clypeus; scape of antenne almost
whoily ferruginous.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is quite intermediate between the
Divisions Pachymenes, Alpha, and Omicron; or between £.
Santa-Anna, Iturbide, and callimorphus. The clypeus is biden-
tate and the abdomen elongate depressed as in the Pachymenes ;
but the thorax is not depressed, but on the contrary convex, not
polished as in EH. Santa-Anna, but densely punctured, and the
petiole not so widened, not campanulate but gradually widened.

It differs from EH. Iturbide by its depressed, not globular or sub-
compressed 2d abdominal segment; its flattened clypeus with
spiniform (not lamellar) teeth; its compressed triangular meta-
thorax ; its petiole without impressed point at tip, but with a
transverse submarginal channel. From Z. callimorphus and the
other species of Division Omicron by its large size; its more
depressed and elongate abdomen; its compressed, prominent
metathorax parted by a deep groove, and by its general resem-
blance to Division Alpha.

Hab. Mexico. The Oriental Cordillera. I caught 3 2 in the
neighborhood of Cordova.

29. E. infernalis n. sp.—Gracilis, niger rufo-ornatus ; clypeo biden-
tato; thorace dense foraminato-punctato; abdomine polito, segmentis

EUMENES. 87

1,° 2° flavo-limbatis; 2° superne gibbo crasse cribrato-punctato in-
structo. 9,
Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

®. Form almost like that of H. callimorphus. Head dotted
with punctures. Ocelli in a slightly arcuate line. Clypeus quite
flat, pyriform, notched and terminated by two sharp lamellate
teeth. Thorax very convex, especially behind; the wings inserted
behind the middle; all the surface densely cribrose with pit-like
punctures, more strong than those of the head; these punctures
become more strong upon the scutellum and very dense on the
metathorax. Abdomen smooth, shining, without punctures.
Petiole quite long and slender; almost filiform in its first moiety,
then swelled pyriform, truncate, convex, shining; the posterior
border preceded by a transverse groove. The 2d segment before
the middle of its dorsal face strongly elevated in form of a boss,
slightly compressed and cribrose with punctures; a sort of shin-
ing canal passes around behind this gibbosity. The other seg-
ments shining, black. Mandibles and antennz ferruginous ; these
last, obscure above, with the scape a little yellowish before. The
two lateral borders of the clypeus as far as the end of the teeth
yellow, as well as a little spot on the front and the posterior
border of the prothorax. Wing scales reddish or brown. Seg-
ments of the abdomen all ornamented with a yellow border.
Petiole offering on its middle two little yellow or reddish marks;
its posterior border yellow or reddish, at least in the middle; its
lower side more or less reddish. Legs reddish; coxe black;
femora brown; the two anterior spotted with yellow toward the
end. Wings slightly washed with brown-ferruginous, having
brown nervures. |

Var. a. The thorax more or less varied with ferruginous.

b. Posterior border of prothorax, ferruginous; the borders of
segments 3—5, ferruginous or brown.

ce. The anterior border of prothorax, a spot under the wing,
two spots or a band on the scutellum, two spots on the meta-
thorax, ferruginous or yellowish; legs brownish or ferruginous
in part.

Ress. a. diff—This species has the thorax a little more
lengthened anteriorly, and the head and thorax much more
strongly punctured than the L. callimorphus, It is very distine’

88 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

in the strongly cribrose boss of the second abdominal segment.
It differs from 4. mexicanus in its much larger size, in its less
strongly cribrose, less globular metathorax. In fact, the form,
swelled and cribrose above, of the 2d abdominal segment, distin-
guishes the Z. infernalis from all others of the Division Omicron.
This character is a transition to the Division Alpha, which con-
stitutes an exception in the Division Omicron.

Had. Brazil. Para. (Coll. Spinola.) Guiana. (Maus. of
Hamburg. )

Division BETA.

Mandibles rather hooked at end, or truncate. Head in form
of a transverse oval, not rounded-triangular; the eyes very large
in their inferior part. Thorax not larger than the pear of the
abdomen, globular or cubic. Petiole elongate, filiform, cylindrical,
only very little dilated at the end in a funnel shape, its posterior
border marked with an impressed point. The 2d segment not
depressed, not compressed.

These insects slightly resemble in form the Pareuwmenes; but
they are much more slender. The thorax has quite another
shape, not being widened and depressed, but cubic, more as in
Division Omicron, although smaller. The abdomen also is not
depressed, but the petiole quite recalls the form it has in Pareu-
menes, although much more slender.

The mandibles are rather hooked, strongly dentate as in
Pachymenes, but by exception short and blunt (2) more as in
Zethus.

This Division is intermediate between the Pareuwmenes and the
Eumenes of Division Omicron.

a. Mandibles short, pointed in the males, blunt, rounded at tip, with separated
small teeth in the females.

30. E. Nortomianus n. sp.—Niger, dense crassiuscule punctatus ;
oculis infere valde inflatis; mandibulis brevibus, 9 apice rotundatis;
clypeo pentagonali, bidentulo; carina frontali nulla; petiolo elongato,
filiformi, apice tenuiter, cylindrico-infundibuliformi, puncto apicali
impresso; abdomine dense punctato; puncto frontali, marginibus pro-

1 Not campanulate, more pear-shaped as in Division Alpha or Omicron,
but filiform, widened at end somewhat like a clarionet. Seen from above,
the sides of the petiole are not arcuate-convex but rather arevate-concave.

EUMENES. 89

noti et post-scutelli, rufis; pedibus et antennis partim ferrugineis ;
abdominis segmentorum 1’, 2' margine flavo; alis fumosis.

Q. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm,
*. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.

Very similar to HZ. mexicanus in its appearance, but a very
different type. Head transverse-oval; eyes very much inflated.

Head more strongly punctured over the antenne; no frontal
vertical carina, but the space between the antenne flat. Thorax
small, more densely and coarsely shagreened; roughish; the
metathorax as coarsely shagreened as the mesothorax. Post-
scutel with a little arcuate crest on its anterior margin.

Petiole elongate, as long as head and thorax, arcuate, more
filiform and cylindrical; not at all campanulate or pear-shaped,
but only a little funnel-shaped in the last third' (the lateral
margins forming not a somewhat convex line but a somewhat
concave one). Its extremity not rimmed nor canaliculate
transversely, but having a marginal impression above only, which
forces backward the middle of the border. The 2d segment not
depressed nor compressed. Petiole and second segment densely
and rather coarsely punctured ; the following polished.

Black, grayish-silky; antennee beneath, margin of the tegule,
and feet partly, dull-ferruginous; a spot in the sinus of the eyes,
a frontal spot, both margins of prothorax, a little line under the
wing, post-tegulx, two spots on scutel and post-scutel, dull ferru-
ginous; the margin of segments Ist, 2d of the abdomen, yellow.
Petiole beneath and above in the middle, brown-ferruginous. The
lamellar margin of the second segment, piceous; the margin of
the following, testaceous or yellowish. Feet ferruginous, brown
against the base. Wings subhyaline or smoky; nerves brown.

2. Clypeus black, rather pentagonal, not elongate, delicately
punctured ; its inferior border arcuate, scarcely bidentate; the
teeth small, not distant, or formed by two little parallel marginal
carine ; its superior margins brownish. Mandibles short, rather
dilated at the extremity, rounded (or the outer margin arcuate,
the inner one obliquely truncate), with small teeth. When rest-
ing, they retract themselves behind the border of the elypeus,
crossing their teeth one into the other.

%. Clypeus black, argenteous, with a rufous or yellow line on

1 Somewhat like a straight trumpet or a clarionet.

90 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

each side; hook of the antenne ferruginous. Mandibles short,
but triangular, acute, with four little teeth.

Ress. a. diff.—This insect, although having quite the general
appearance of an Humenes, approaches Discelius in the form of
its mandibles, short and widened towards the tip in the female.
But it is very easy to confound it with Z. mexicanus and ealli-
morpha. It differs by its rather convex clypeus, not so bidentate,
by the absence of frontal carina, by its head transverse-oval, not
oval-triangular, because of the great enlargement of the under
part of the eyes, which is wider transversely than longitudinally,
and by its shagreened abdomen. The exceptional form of the
mandibles, truncate and rounded at the end, with the external
side very arcuate, as also the particular form of petiole, will dis-
tinguish this species from all its neighbors.

This is quite an exceptional type, remarkable by the unequal
form of mandibles in both sexes.

Hab. Mexico. The Oriental Cordillera. Cordova. 29,1%.

b. Mandibles more elongate, not truncate, rather hooked at tip, with strong
teeth on the interior margin.

31. E. Cressonianus pn. sp.—Niger, cinereo-hirtus, valde punctatus;
clypei marginibus lateralibus, puncto frontali et orbitarum ‘sinus, mar-
ginibus pronoti, lineaque pre tegulis, post-scutello, margineque petioli
et 2' segmenti, flavis; petiolo medio flavescente, puncto apicali impresso,
haud in marginem producto; segmentis 20-5° fusco-marginatis. 9.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

©. Quite the same form as in Nortonianus, but the mandibles
elongate, not truncate, arcuate at tip; the interna] border armed
with four strong lobular teeth; the clypeus emarginate in a
little are of a circle. The thorax not so rugose; not roughly
shagreened, but more polished and cribrose with coarse punctures;
the metathorax not so coarsely punctured ; the post-scutel with-
out any crest. The extremity of the petiole a little margined;
its impressed point not intrenching upon the margin. The second
segment a little depressed, a little more strongly and less densely
punctured.

Black, with the same ornaments as in Nortonianus, but of yel-
low color; the antenne beneath and tip of mandibles ferruginous.
Feet ferruginous, blackish at base; the tibie yellow outside.
Wings smoky. The scutel not spotted.

EUMENES. 91

Ress. a. diff.—Differs from Mexicanus and all the species of
Division Omicron by the form of its petiole.
Hab. Mexico; the Oriental part. Cordova.

$2. E. simulams n. sp.—Niger, sulfureo multipictus, histrionicus ;
thorace crasse cribrato-punctato, mesonoto fasciis 2 flavis; abdomine
punctato, petiolo lineari, apice tenuiter infundibuliformi; secundo seg-
mento faciis 2 transversis flavis. 9.

?. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

2. Head transverse-elliptic, very punctate. Mandibles elon-
gate, rather hooked at the tip, and armed with three strong
lateral teeth. Clypeus polygonal, a little longer than broad, a
little emarginate and bidentate at tip. Eyes very large inferiorly,
their sinus deep, rather triangular. Thorax small, globular,
metathorax ‘quite rounded. Petiole moderately long; its second
part funnel-shaped, with an impressed point at end. The petiole
and 2d segment of abdomen punctate; this is neither depressed
nor compressed.

Black, with yellow hair. The head beneath, clypeus, mandi-
bles, the orbits all round, their sinus, a transverse line on the
vertex, sulphur-yellow. Antenne orange-ferruginous, obscure
above; the scape yellow. Thorax beneath and on the flanks,
both margins of prothorax, two lines on mesothorax, tegule,
scutel partly, post-scutel, and metathorax more or less, yellow;
this with a sort of black T. The middle of the petiole, posterior
margin, and sides, yellow; 2d segment with two yellow fascia;
the first placed on the middle of the segment, the second being
submarginal; both fused together on the sides; the other seg-
ments with sinuous yellow margins; anus and abdomen beneath
quite yellow; the lamellar margin of 2d segment, brown. Feet
yellow; the femora brown above. -Wings hyaline, washed with
amber, a little gray at the extremity.

Var. The black and yellow colors are more or less extended.
Pleure and metathorax only maculate with yellow.

Ress. a. diff.—A quite distinct species. By its forms only it
resembles 4. Nortonianus and Cressonianus. The petiole is a
little more widened behind, and the body much more coarsely
punctured. It might be compared with 2. Smithi?, americanus,
ete., which have also two fascizw on the 2d segment, but the petiole
in these is pyriform and the second segment compressed, ete.

92 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Hab. Mexico. Oriental Cordillera. Moyoapam.

This is a sort of mimic species. It bears the coloration and
rather the form of some Polybia, f. 7, P. fasciata Lep. We
know a Cerceris of the same country' which shows the same
peculiarity. HEntomologists ought to study whether these insects

of mimic resemblance do not have some Telationship in their
habits.

Division ALPHA (£umenes proprie dicti).
(Sacss. Vespides, I, 28; III, 128, 137.)

Mandibles long, dentate. Clypeus pyriform, notched or trun-
cated at the extremity. Antenne generally inserted above the
middle of the head. Ocelli arranged in a broad triangle. Thorax
generally longer than wide; squarely truncated before, but with-
out salient angles; metathorax convex, but not prolonged, rounded
and having two distinct convexities separated by a channel.
Petiole of the length of the thorax, linear at its base; about the
middle rather suddenly swelled into the form of a club or of a
truncate pear, or campanulate; feebly bidentate (or bituberculate)
in the middle, generally bordered by a salient cordon; the swell-
ing generally parted by a groove, and having an impressed point
before the margin. Pyriform part of the abdomen globular or
compressed, or at least not much depressed. Antenne of the
males terminated by a hook.

The body of these insects is in general densely punctured and
covered with thick sub-woolly hair, and the clypeus of the males
is usually yellow, clothed with a silvery pile, while among the
females it is only marked with yellow. But these characters suffer
certain exceptions among the American species.

As it was said, there is no regular limit between this group and
the Division Omicron, but if we compare ‘the extreme forms of
both, as for instance £. globicollis or aviculus with Z. globulosus,
there will be an easy distinction of both types, which exists no
longer if we compare all the species. In general terms we can
say that here the thorax is often more lengthened; the metathorax
more parted; the petiole more campanulate ; the extremity of this

1 Cerceris simulans Sauss. Reise d. Oesterr. Fregatte Novara. Hymenopt.,
p. 81, No. 1, fig. 53. In this, even the forms of Cerceris are so modified as
io approximate to those of Polybia, the abdomen becoming elongate-peti-
olate.

EUMENES. 93

is sometimes not margined, sometimes margined by a little
cordon; this is not preceded by a regular channel as in Division
Onuicron, but rather by three impressions, which makes the salient
margin appear somewhat bidentate before; the impression of the
middle is always the most distinct.

A. Large species, with black wings. The pear of the abdomen
rather depressed; that vs, not compressed.

a. Body smooth, shining, not punctured. (Thorax clongate, petiole strongly
campanular ; its swelled part convex, not parted by a groove, its margin
preceded by a channel as in Division Omicron.

33. E. Aztecus Savss.—Validus, ater, nitidus, haud punctatus; pro-
noti margine postico medio, post-seutello, petioli margine, et abd. secundi
segmentf limbi fascia interrupta, pallide ochraceis; antennis et tarsis
anticis subtus ferrugineis; alis nigro-cceruleis. Q.

Total length, 22 mm.; wing, 17 mm.
_ Eumenes Aztecus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool., IX, 1857, 272.

2. Large, black, smooth, and polished, without punctures: the
body throughout smooth, shining, and satin-like, nearly glabrous,
with neither punctures nor distinct striex, even on the metathorax
or the petiole. Clypeus bidentate at the extremity, smooth and
polished like the remainder of the body. Its emargination angu-
lar. Thorax long; disk of mesothorax lengthened. Pyriform
part of petiole wide, strongly campanulate; little swelled, convex
above; its posterior border formed by a salient cordon preceded
by a channel. Second abdominal segment depressed; but the
end of thé abdomen a little compressed (without this last cha-
racter this insect would have the appearance of a Pachymenes).

Antenne long and slender, black, ferruginous beneath. Feet
black ; tibiae and anterior tarsi with golden hairs, appearing yel-
low. <A little arcuate line in the middle of the posterior border
of the prothorax, two dots on the scutellum, post-scutel, and a
narrow edging on the margin of petiole, pale tawny; second seg-
ment generally marked with a pale-tawny submarginal border,
narrow and widely interrupted in the middle. Wings black, varied
with very deep-violet reflections.

Var. Only the post-scutel and the petiole marked with pale
tawny.

94 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

fess. a. diff.—This handsome species has no. similarity to any
but the L. flavicornis, and to the £. Wagneriana, from which it
is easily distinguished by its notched clypeus and its body with-
out sculpture.

Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. Tampico.

Observation.—One can discover with a strong magnifier, a fine
sculpture on the thorax and elsewhere; the scutellum in particu-
lar is very finely punctured, but we only speak here of characters
easy to discover and relative to those of other species.

b. Body punctured. Petiole elongate; its dilatation flattened-elongate, parted
by a groove, not sensibly margined. (Passage to the Division Zeta.)

34. E. flavicormis Savss.—Validus, carbonarius, £. Wagneriano
Ssimillimus, at clypeo truncato, haud bicarinato; antennis, clypeo,
orbitis, macula frontali mandibulisque apice, aurantiis; antennis %
apice haud uncinatis, sulco minuto subtus notatis. Long. 25 mm.

E. flavicornis Sauss. Et. Vespid., III, 141, 27; pl. vii, fig. 4, § (Syn.
excl.).

Hab. Venezuela. (Museum auctoris. )

35. E. Wagmerianus n. sp.—Niger,sericeus; thorace dense punc-
tato, petiolo depresso, sulco partito; clypeo 2 valde bicarinato, apice
subexciso; alis nigro-violaceis.

Total length, 23-24 mm.; wing, 21 mm.

?. Large, black, shining; head and thorax finely punctured.
The whole body clothed with a fine grayish pile. Clypeus rather
rugose, punctured and striate, lengthened and widely truncate at
its inferior border and slightly notched, its anglés rounded,
receiving two strong parallel distant carine which cross the
clypeus for about two-thirds of its length. Prothorax slightly
retracted, rimmed; its angles a little salient. Abdomen de-
pressed, smooth, and silky, with silvery reflections; enlargement
of petiole flattened, wide, and lengthened, divided by an impressed
line. The whole body of a deep black. Wings of a deep brown,
with violet reflections.

Ress. a. diff.—This species very much resembles—

Ist. The EL. azlecus, from which it is distinguished by its dis-
tinctly punctured thorax, by its much longer clypeus, rugose,
more flattened, not bidentate; by the enlargement of the petiole,

EUMENES. 95
more lengthened, not bossed and divided by a strong groove; by
its angulate prothorax, ete.

2d. The L. flavicornis, of which it has the form and the punc-
tuation.

3d. The ZL. niger Brullé, from which it differs by its emarginate
clypeus, in the 2; by the more lengthened, less dilated enlarge-
ment of the petiole, ete.

Hab. The Isthmus of Panama. (My collection.) This bean-
tiful insect was sent me by the celebrated traveller, Maurice
Wagner, of Munich.

The flattened and sulcated petiole of the H. Wagnerianus and
flavicornis forms an exception to the species of the Division
Alpha, and approximates it somewhat to the Division Ze/a,
although the petiole is too wide to allow it to be classed with that
Division.

B. Smaller species, with the abdomen more globular or com-
pressed. The border of the petiole a little margined ; the
margin preceded by an impression. (Regular type of
Division Alpha.)

a. Wings smoky, with violet iridescence.

36. E. Ghilianii SPIN.

Eumenes Ghilianii Sprvoua Hymen., rec., par Ghiliani, No. 61 (Mém.
Acad. de Turin, 1846).—Sauss. Vespides, III, 140, 26.

flab. Brazil. Para. (Mus. Spinole, Taurinense.)

$7. E. fratermus Say.—Niger, dense punctatus, cinereo-hirtus;
abdomine nitido; lineola verticali inter antennas, clypeo summo, pro-
noti margine, post-scutello, metanoti summi maculis 2, abdominisque
segmentorum 1, 2 vel 1-3, margine, secundo maculis 2 lateralibus, sul-
fureis; % clypeo toto luteo; segmentis abdominalibus 1-4 flavo-lim-
batis ; metanoto impunctato.

2. Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 12 mm.
%,. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

Eumenes fraterna Say, Long’s Sec. Exped., IT, 344 (Append., 77), 1, 4
(1825).—Say’s Entomol. (Le Conte), I, 232, 2.—Sauss. Vespides,
ha0,17, O O.

E. fervens Sauss. Vespides, I, 40, 15, 9 5 (1852).

E. macrops Sauss. ibid. I, 41, 18, § (var. ? 1852).

BH. minutia Savuss. ibid. I, 39, 14, 4 (Syn. exclus.).

96 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [ PART I.

?. Clypeus convex, punctured, the tip flattened, notched, and
bidentate; the teeth lamellar. Head short, not dilated behind the
eyes, cribrose with punctures, as also the thorax, which is large,
short, globular; the metathorax convex and more densely pune-
tured; the scutels convex, much inclined, continuing the convex
surface of the metathorax. Petiole at first linear, then pyriform,
lengthened, and truncate, covered with punctures, insensibly bi-
dentate in the middle and bordered posteriorly by a hardly salient
cordon, before which are three depressions, of which the middle
one often forms a large hollow. Second segment compressed, flat
beneath, very convex above, covered with punctures, but yet
smooth and shining; toward the middle of the posterior border
of the second segment they are so gathered together as to form
a depression (which, however, is often wanting); its posterior
border with double leaves; the upper leaf thick, a little sinuous,
slightly concave in the middle; the second border not being bent
upward. All the body covered with a short, gray pile, not cha-
toyant.

Insect of a shining black; two oblique spots at the summit of
the clypeus, the carina between the antenne and two dots behind
the eyes, border of the prothorax, post-scutel, often a spot under
the wing, often two spots at the summit of the metathorax and at
times two dots on the middle of the same, two variable dots on the
sides of the second segment and along the margin of the same a
scalloped border, sulphur yellow; legs black, tibize varied with
yellow; wings brownish with violet reflections. Wing scales black,
bordered with brown or spots of yellow or red. % clypeus biden-
tate, entirely yellow or with a black dot, covered with a silvery
pile; scape of the antenne marked with a yellow line and the
hook of the same ferruginous.

Var. 2 &. The second abdominal segment more or less com-
pressed, the third and fourth segments often wholly or in part
bordered with yellow. Wing scales shining, often black, or
marked with a yellow dot. A yellow dot under the wing. The
yellow dot behind the eye often wanting.

This is a very distinct species from its large size, its strong
puncturing in the form of pin holes, from its slender form and
its violet wings: from its shining black color, generally but little
changed by the very short hair of the insect.

EUMENES. 97

I possess some specimens, especially males, which, without
exactly resembling the others, do not yet seem sufficiently different
to constitute another species :—

Ist. Petiole shorter and wider, with a longitudinal indistinct
‘groove; second segment short, and all the segments bordered
with whitish; wing scales ferruginous; the thorax quite villose.
Size smaller. (Iowa.) |

2d. Wing scales black or marked with a yellow dot; wing
entirely bluish, as if steeped in pale ink, with some violent
reflections, without any reddish or brownish tint; seen by their
transparence, they have this same gray-violet color, while in the
type they appear brown. Hooks of the antenne blackish; the
second segment seen in profile less dilated above, smoother, and
less punctured. Size smaller. (New York.)

Hab, The eastern part of the United States. Very common..

This insect extends from New Orleans to Canada. I have
more than forty specimens, which I have collected in Louisiana,
in South Carolina, in New York, or which have been sent me
from Tennessee, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania (Haldeman), Illinois
(B. F. Walsh), Connecticut (E. Norton). |

The species is very distinct in its appearance. Though pre-
senting a great similarity in form and coloration to the small
Kuropean Humenes (2. coarctatus), it can easily be distinguished
from it by the much greater size, by the black, shining, not
pilose body, on which the markings are little extended, and the
color straw-yellow or whitish; by its black scutellum, with the
post-scutel always yellow and often presenting two dots at the
summit of the metathorax; by its smoky or violet wings; finally
by its body, strongly cribrose, even on the abdomen.

These characters, as well as the but little variable markings
of this insect, form a peculiar appearance which enables one to
recognize it at first sight. It is a species really special to
America, and which cannot well be taken for a variety of Z.
coarctatus Lin. Although the males, of which the size is often
less and among which the characters of the species are generally
less well developed, resemble closely those of the 2. coarctatus,
one can, nevertheless, distinguish them by these characters and
the much stronger punctures of the abdomen.

This Humenes has habits analogous to those of the Eumenes
of Europe. It constructs with argillaceous earth a nest which,

7

98 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

resembles a sphere terminated by a little bell-mouthed neck,
which it obliterates after filling. One often finds these nests in
the country, joined to the upper surface of leaves, or stuck to
little branches, or fastened against a wall. The insect places its
eggs in it with a provision of caterpillars which can serve for the ©
nourishment of the young larve According to Say (Long’s
Sec. Exp., I1, 346), it chooses the larve of nocturnal lepidoptera,
but the Eumenes are not particular in their choice. Harris also
saw the same species collect larve (canker worms).! The larva
occupies about a month in its development, and the perfect insect
makes its exit by piercing the walls of the cradle which is then
no more to it than a prison.

6. Wings transparent or yellowish. (Body generally clothed with short woolly
pile.)

* Second abdominal segment without lateral yellow spots.

38. E. ferrugimeus Cress.—%,. Pallide ferrugineus; orbitis, clypeo,
margine auntico pronoti, maculis 2 mesonoti, scutello, post-scutello,
macula subalari, maculis 2 metanoti, pedibus partim, abdominis seg-
mentorum 1,2 margine apicali, obscure flavescentibus ; antennis mediis
nigrescentibus; alis pallide hyalino-flavidis; clypeo bidentato, % ar- .
genteo. Long. 43 lin.

E. ferruginea Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc., Phila., 1865, 158. 9.

Hab. Cuba.

39. E. Iturbide Savss.—Eum. pomiformis statura, niger, dense punc-
tatus, fulvo-hirsutus; secundo abd. segmento supra maxime gibboso,
margine canaliculato; pronoto lato, subdepresso; antennis omnino
nigris; clypeo bidentato, 4 9 nigro, cum macula in summo flava;
macula frontali, pronoti et abd. segmentorum margine, post-scutello et
macula subalari, sulfureis; tegulis, tibiis et tarsis, ferrngineis; alis
subhyalinis.

Eumenes Iturbide Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool., IX, 1857, 271.

Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 93 mm.

2. Clypeus deeply notched, very convex on its upper part; the
teeth of the emargination long and triangular, slender and lamel-

1 T have seen one of this species with the green larva of a Diurnal lepi-
dopter. Mr. Walsh writes that he has found its nests stored with green
larve. E. N.

EUMENES, 99

late. Thorax wide, a little depressed, that is, less high than wide;
eribrose with thick punctures. Petiole pyriform, a little less
strongly punctured than the thorax, bordered by a salient rim
before which is a hollow space. Second segment covered with
quite fine and dense punctures; flattened beneath, very convex,
and much dilated above, into a prominent boss of an almost
tubercular form; behind this boss is a species of transverse
channel which forms a submarginal depression ; finally the border
is sensibly turned up in the middle.

Insect black, very pilose, bristling with tawny or fulvous hair,
which is short and chatoyant on the abdomen. Antenne entirely
black; a spot on the middle of the summit of clypeus, a point
on the face and two behind the eyes, one under the wings, post-
scutel and border of all the segments, yellow; the border of the
last a little scalloped. The prothorax is also ornamented witb a
narrow margin, twice interrupted or with three transverse spots,
yellow. Wing scales red: Legs black, tibie and tarsi ferrugi-
nous. Wings transparent, sullied with brownish-ferruginous, or
yellow often passing into ferruginous. ‘The spots of the head
and of the thorax are often wanting wholly or in part; the middle
only.of the prothorax bordered with yellow.

%. Hook of the antenne ferruginous. The remainder exactly
as with the female, but the clypeus covered with a silvery pile
among fresh specimens and marked at the summit with a large
yellow spot.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is very well characterized by the
singular deformity of the second abdominal segment, which has
no yellow lateral spots; by its red wing scales and by its very
velvety appearance (even the scape of the antenne is quite brist-
ling with hair in fresh specimens), by its black clypeus, spotted
with yellow in both sexes, which is different in most other species
(among which the clypeus of the male only is yellow). Compare
Lf, olmecus.

Hab. The temperate regions of Mexico. I have taken it in
the Michoacan and in the deep baranca of Meztitlan. One
specimen, @, having the clypeus entirely black, was taken in
Mechoacan, near Tuxpan. (Temperate region.)

Observation.—-One peculiarity is worthy of remark in this
species, that, contrary to the habitual rule, the male is stouter
than the female.

100 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

40. E. consobrinus Sauss.—\Niger, fulvo hirsutus, valde punctatus;
thorace depresso; abd. 20 segmento supra compresso et inflato, margine
medio transversim impresso; tegulis, tibiis et tarsis rufis; pronoti fas-
ciola et punctis 2 humeralibus, post-scutello et abd. segmentorum mar-
gine sulfureis.

*,. Clypeo bidentato, in summo flavo-maculato.

E. consobrianus Sauss. Et. Vesp., III, 140, 25.) 4%.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

%. Clypeus punctured, velutinous, lengthened, triangular, sepa-
rated by a triangular incision. Thorax a little depressed, more
wide than high, but short, almost square, distinctly punctured
throughout, the metathorax very densely so. Petiole punctured,
‘pear-shaped, lengthened, and truncate, not campanulate, offering
at the extremity, before the border, a sunken place; 2d segment
flattened beneath, but compressed above, forming a salient boss,
and presenting in the middle before its border a transverse
depression, so that the border is a little elevated in the middle;
this segment, above, very densely’ punctured, but less strongly
than the thorax. A testaceous lamina extending beyond the
border of all the segments.

Insect black, all the body clothed with a long yellow pile.
Wing scales, hook of the antenne %, tibiew, and tarsi red; an
oval spot on the summit of clypeus %, a point on the front, two
little dots behind the summit of the eyes, two dots on the angles
of the prothorax, a little line in the middle of its posterior border,
post-scutel and a regular and narrow border on the segments 1-5
of the abdomen, sulphur-yellow. Tibiz often brownish at the
end. Wings subsmoky. .

Hab. Brazil. (Collection of Sen. the Marquis Spinola, at
Turin.)

This species, which is of the smallest size, approaches very
much to the . compressus Sauss. |

Al. E. Uruguyensis Savss.
Eumenes Uruguyensis Sauss. Vespides, III, 139, 24, pl. vii, fig. 6, 1854.

Hab. Uruguay. Monte-Video. (Typus in mus. Parisiensi.)

1 L. c. 3me ligne de la description, au lieu de: base, lisez basse.
Ibid. 6me ligne de la description, au lieu de: bout, lisez haut.

EUMENES. 101

42, E. placidus Smiru.—Niger, antennis, pronoto, metanoto utrinque,
petiolo partim pedibusque, rufis; antennis superne partim nigris; pro-
noti margine postico abdominisque segmentoruin 1', 2! limbo, 3'-5' fascia
abbreviata, flavis. (/. Uruguyensi affinis species.) Longit. 47 lin.
Eumenes plucidus Smiru Trans. Ent. Soc., London, 3d series, I, p. 37,

(1862).

Hab. Panama.

** Second abdominal segment with a yellow spot on each side (someimes wanting
in v riety).

As. E. globulosus Savss.—Niger, dense punctatus, subferrugineo-
hirtus; abdomine nitido, fulvo-subsericeo; petiolo breviore; clypeo
summo, lineola inter antennas, punctulo pone oculos, pronoti margine,

_ macula subalari, scutelli maculis 2, post-scutello, maculis 2 in summo
metanoto, abd. segmentorum marginibus, secundique maculis obliquis
2 lateralibus, flavis: tibiis et tarsis ferrugineis, seu flavis; alis sublya-
linis ; tegulis flavis puncto rufo. Q.

Eumenes globulosus Sauss. Vespides, III, 139, 23, 9. (1854.)

Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

?. This species differs from EH. fraternus: By the clypeus
being less bidentate, much less notched; by its smaller size, and
a little shorter petiole; also in the part of the same enlarged and
so much divided by an obsolete channel; by its finer punctures,
especially on the abdomen; by its more ferruginous pile, which
is longer and gives the insect a sub-woolly appearance. Also by
.a@ more complete marking; the clypeus often presenting two yel-
low spots, the wing scale bordered with yellow and having a red
dot in the middle; and the abdomen shining upon the quite wide
borders of segments 2-5; that of the 2d being scalloped and its
lateral spots often lengthened ; finally by the transparent wings,
slightly washed with ferruginous along the side. It is fitting to
add that the yellow border of the prothorax, in place of being
enlarged at its two extremities as in the #. fraternus, is narrow
and is at times bi-interrupted.

Var. a. Clypeus black, or with two yellow marks at the sum-
mit; no subalary spot.

b. The yellow band of the post-scutel interrupted. Scutel
black.

e. Clypeus yellow, bordered with black below and marked with
a black trident.

d. Prothorax black, or only with a little yellow in the middle.

102 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Var. (probable). Posterior margin of the prothorax also bor-
dered with yellow?

I have never seen the males.

Ress. a. diff.—This species recalls the European £. pomifor:
mis much more than the Z. fraiernus, by its smaller size, by the
body being a little velvety, and by its transparent wings, also by
its petiole being shorter and more enlarged than in the Z. fra-
ternus, and at times also divided by a groove. One might ask
whether £. globulosus may not be a type derived from the
European £. pomiformis, which may have transmigrated to
America, :

It differs from the £. americanus by having different mark-
ings and by its black antenne ; from EZ. Iturbide by its abdomen,
which has not the rimmed border on the second segment, and by
its differently marked clypeus, for it has all the superior part,
especially laterally, marked with yellow, while in the Z. Iturbide,
the yellow upper spot is in the middle, not marginal; the clypeus
is also more shining, less strongly punctured, ete.

Hab. The interior of the United States. Illinois, Wisconsin,
prairies (6 $). Great Slave Lake (British America, 2).

44. E. auropilesa Ssirs.—Niger, aureo-pilosus; thorace c¢rasse
punctato; clypeo submarginato; antennis subtus ferrugineis; puncto
frontali et oculari, macula utriinque et limbo postico pronoti, macula
subalari, post-tegulis, linea scutelli et post-scutello maculisque 2 meta-
noti, flavis; petioli margine et puncto utrinqne apicali, segmentornm
reliquorum margine, fasciaque laterali utrinque 2'segmenti cum margine
covjuncta, flavis; pedibus rufis basi nigris; alis subhyalinis. %§—
Longit. 4 lin.
E. auropilosa Surru Cat. Brit. Mus. Vesp., 30, 71.

Hab. Brazil. (Villa Nova.)

**% Second abdominal segment having on each side a yellow fascia, or a con plete

transverse yellow band on its middle,

45. E. Cubensis Cress.—Fuscns, fulvo, metanoto cano, pilosus; clypeo
emarginato; corpore valde punctato; orbitis, clypeo, macula frontali,
margine antico pronoti, macula subalari, maculis 2 mesonoti. tegulis
partim scutelli margine antico, post-scutello, metanoto partim, tibiis et
tarsis, abdominis petioli apice, fasciisque 2 secundi segmenti, flavis;
antennis ferrugineis, basi flavescentibus, apice nigrescentibus; alis
fusco-hyalinis, apice fuliginosis. 9<.—Long. 7 lin.

E. Cubensis Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. of Phila., IV, 1865, 157.

Hab. Cuba. Seems to approach very near to £. Smithit.

EUMENES. 193

46. EE. Americamus Savss.—Niger, dense punctatus, ferrugineo-
hirtus; petiolo gracili; antennis ferrugineis, apice nigris; pronoto,
tegulis, scutelli margine, metanoti et petioli lateribus, ferrugineis ; post-
scutello, abdominis segimentorum marginibus, secundi fascia utringue
laterali et pedibus, rufis vel aurantiacis; alis subferrugineis.

HE. Americanus Sauss. Vespides, I, 39, 13 (1852).

Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

Form of H. fraternus, but smaller and a little more slender.
All the body feebly shagreened or rather cribrose; the thorax
with confluent punctures; not very rough. Clypeus bidentate,
yellow, covered with a silvery pile, in both sexes. Thorax sliort,
quadrate. Petiole lengthened, slender, gradually enlarging,
insensibly bidentate in the middle, cribrose with slightly separated
punctures, and bordered at its posterior extremity with a salient
cordon, parted by a middle groove. Second segment compressed,
flattened beneath, very convex abovey densely punctured, and
carrying toward the middle of its posterior margin a transverse
depression.

Insect black, covered with an abundant ferruginous pile; the
black passing much into ferruginons; mandibles ferruginous,
black at base; a spot between the antennz, margin of the notch
of the eyes and a line behind them, yellow; the prothorax, wing
scale, sides of metathorax, and a spot under the wing, the post-
scutel, the anterior border of the scutellum and the sides of the
petiole ferruginous or rufous. The second segment ferruginous-
brown. The two borders of the prothorax and ‘that of the
petiole, in general marked with a yellow edging; post-scutel, a
wide border on all the segments of the abdomen, and often two
spots on the petiole, orange; the border of the second segment
very wide in the middle (not emarginate) being narrower at the
sides and often confounding itself with two yellow oblique spots
or lines, which oceupy the sides of the segment. The abdomen
ferruginous beneath; legs ferruginous, with the tibie and the
tarsi yellow and the thighs above sometimes blackish. Antenne
Ferruginous, black above on the six last articles. The seape
yellow beneath. Wings transparent, with ferruginous nervures,
at the end grayish.

?. Clypeus marked with an orange spot at base and in the
middle; its teeth acute.

%. Clypeus narrower, sulphur-yellow; hook of the antenne
ferruginous.

104 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. | PART I.

Var. The whole ‘insect covered with fulvous woolly pubes-
cence. Thorax and'petiole rufous ; second abd. segment fulvous
with a transverse black band produced to the base, separating
on each side a yellow macula. Wings obscure, with rufous costa.

Ress. a. diff—This species sometimes offers a resemblance to
the E. globulosus Sauss., which also has the markings yellow
rather than whitish and which is covered with ferruginons hair;
but it differs essentially from it in its compressed abdomen, in its
petiole, narrow, elongate-pyriform, not campanulate in the middle ;
in its antenne ferruginous at the base, etc. It is quite approxi-
mate to H. Smithti, but smaller; the petiole more slender; the
metathorax more triangular; the punctuation of the body not so
strong.

Hab. The hot regions of Mexico. I have taken it in the
valley of Mextitlan between Mexico and Tampico. °

.

49. E. Smithii Sacss.—Ferrugineus, corpore crasse et densissime
punctato, etiam in abd. secundo-segmento; antennis ferrugineis ;
vertice, mesonoti disco et petioli basi, nigris; postscutello, pronoto et
abd. segmentorum 1’, 2', limbo flavis; secundo segmento fusco, fascia
transversa rufa vel aurantiaca.

*,. Clypeo argenteo.

Var. Niger, rufo et flavo varius.

Eumenes Smithit Sauss. Vespides, I, 43, 21; pl. x, fig. 1 (1852).

Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

2. Of moderate size. In size and in form, resembling £.
fraternus. Prothorax slightly retracted before; petiole a little
longer than in the species cited. Abdomen compressed. The
whole insect densely cribrose with strong punctures; the second
segment of the abdomen a little less coarsely so, but yet strongly
cribrose. All the body clothed with a grayish pile. Clypeus
black, satin-like, notched. Head black; mandibles and antenne
ferruginous ; these last obscure above; margin of the eyes and
a spot on the front often ferruginous. Thorax red, with the
sutures black; the mesothorax at times black with two red stripes
and something of black on the flanks and in the furrow of the
metathorax. Border of the prothorax, of the wing scale, and the
post-scutel often yellow; abdomen black, segments 1, 2 bordered
_ with a yellow cordon; the second marked with a red transverse
band; the other segments red, shaded with black at their base.

EUMENES. 105

Feet red or varied with yellow. Wings washed with ferruginous-
brown, with golden reflections; the radial cellule a little brownish.

%. Clypeus lengthened, bidentate, red or yellow, with a silvery
pile; fore part of scape of antenne yellow.

Var. The ground color is often red throughout, and the only
black is on the vertex, the disk of mesothorax in part, and the
base of petiole. The second segment then has an orange band
mingling on its margin with the red or the brown which borders
it. It is probable that the highly-colored specimens have the
scutellum, the prothorax, and wing scales yellow.

Riess. a. diff.—This species is easily. recognized by its colors,
especially by the transverse band of the second abdominal seg-
ment and also by its strong puncturing. It has the abdomen
very densely punctured and this character would be sufficient to
show its difference from £. fraternus, if its markings did not
already suffice to distinguish it. It.is also very similar to Z.
americanus. Compare this species.

Hab. The Southern United States. Florida. (I possess two
males. )

c. Species of uncertain origin.

AS. E. COMMpressUS Dauss.
Eumenes compressa Sauss. Vespides, III, 142, 28; pl. viii, fig. 5, 5a (1854).

This species has the form of LZ. fraternus, but the petiole is
a little longer, and the 2d segment of the abdomen has no yellow
spots.

Its origin is not known.—America??. (Mus. of Paris.)

Tt would fit next to #. Jturbide, in the section B, a, the wings
being rather cloudy iridescent.

Division ZETA.
(Sauss. Vespides I, 67; III, 132, 146.)

Petiole very long, linear at its base, there depressed and
widened in form of a ribbon; generally divided upon its dorsal
face by a longitudinal groove. The remainder of the abdomen
pyriform, compressed at the end; the second segment subpedi-
culate; its base in some degree a short continuation of the petiole.

In this group the mandibles are very long, having indistinct
teeth; the head is flattened before; the thorax has a velvety
surface. It is wide before and its anterior angles are very dis-
tinct. The abdomen is quite lengthened.

106 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART }

This division is more distinct than the preceding, but, never-
theless, it joins itself to Division Alpha by the &. Wagnerianus
and flavicornis.

49. E. abdominalis Drury.—Validus, gracilis; corpore velutino;
clypeo apice parum emarginato, deutibus rotundatis; petiolo deplanato,
sulco partito; alis ferrugineis; antennis ferrugineis, apice supra nigris.
(Colorum distributio maxime variat in hoc insecto, a corpore omnino
ferrugineo, ad nigro- et flavo-variegatum ; varietas maxime abhorrens
videtur esse thorace nigro, pronoto et scutellis flavis. Sepius petiolus
niger permanet, margine flavo, et abdomwine ferrugineo.) Q %.

Total length, 21 mm.; wing, 17 mm.

Sphex abdominalis Drury, Illust. of Ins. I, tab. 45, fig. 2 (1770).

Vespa attenuata Outy. Encyc. Meth. VI, 674 (1791).—Fasr. Ent. Syst.
II, 282.

Sphex extensa Curist, Hymen. ibid, XXXII, fig.

Polistes attenuatus Fapr. 8. P. 279 (1804).

Eumenes abdominalis Sauss. Vespides, I, 70, 58, et in La Sagra, Hist. de
Cuba Ins. 768.—Cresson, Hymen. of Cuba, Proc. Eut. Soc. Philad.
IV, 1865, 157.

Eumenes colona SAusE . Vespides, I, 70,59 (1852), et in La Sagra, Hist. de
Cuba Ins. 768, pl. 19, fig. 1.

Eumenes versicolor Sauss. ibid. I, 71, 60.

Eumenes ornatus Sauss. Vespides, III, 147, 35, pl. vili, fig. 3 (1854), et
in La Sagra Hist. de Cuba Ins. 768.

Eumenes picta Smita, Catal. Brit. Mus. Vespide, 32, 79 (1887).

I

°%. Large. Mandibles forming a long beak by their union,
presenting two lines of punctures. Clypeus a little emarginate
at its extremity; the notch placed between two rounded projec-
tions. Head and thorax punctured, velvety. The angles of pro-
thorax a little salient. Petiole arcuate, shining; of the length
of the thorax; divided by a groove. The remainder of the
abdomen pyriform, almost fusiform, subvelvety, or even silky.
The body clothed with a gray pile.

Antenne ferruginous, with the extremity of the scape of %
ornamented with a yellow line. Mandibles ferraginous. Wings
transparent, of a yellow ferruginous along the side. * Nothing is
more variable than the distribution of the colors on the remainder
of the body.

One can arrange the following principal varieties :—

a. Color in the main black; a frontal spot, border of the orbits,
an interrupted transverse line before the ocelli and clypeus, yellow;
this last marked with a black spot at its summit. Prothorax, a

EUMENES. 107

spot below the wing, scutellum, and post-scutel, extremity of
the petiole, a large scalloped border on the second segment and
the following segments, yellow. Legs yellow, with the thighs
in part black. (7. ornatus Sauss. )

Hab. Isle of St. Thomas,

b. Two yellow spots on metathorax. The border of second
segment so wide that no"black remains but a tricuspid basilar
spot. Sometimes there are two yellow smooth spots on the
second segment. Two yellow spots appear on the disk of meso-
thorax. The clypeus and legs are without black, but often
present some ferruginous color. (. versicolor.)

Hab. Jamaica. Venezuela.

e. The pyriform part of abdomen ferruginous, with its segments
more or less distinctly bordered with yellow. (4. abdominalis.)

Hab. Jamaica. Cuba.

There is often a yellow line on the scape of the antennz and
the yellow original markings reappear on the ferruginous color
of the thorax. (L. picta.)

Hab. Saint Domingo.

d. Thorax almost entirely yellow, presenting only a black spot
on the extremity of the disk of the mesothorax, a band before the
seutellum, and an oblique one on the flanks. Abdomen ferrugi-
nous; the petiole black, bordered with yellow or orange, with the
base black and the border yellow. (Z. colona.)

Hiab. Hayti. Jamaica. )

e. The whole insect ferruginous, a little varied with yellow on
the head and thorax, not offering more of black than the thoracic
sutures, aud a frontal and vertical line.

Hab, Cuba.

Its form also varies. Specimens which I have taken at St.
Thomas are stout; they have the petiole wide; those which I
have captured in Jamaica are slender and lithe; their petiole
is remarkably narrower.

In conclusion; these variations are not only dependent upon
the localities, but probably, also, on the seasons and diverse for-
tuitous circumstances.

50. E. camaliculatus Oniv.
Vespa canaliculata O1iv. Eneye. Meth. VI, 672 (1791).
Vespa diadema Fann. Ent. 8. Suppl. 263 (1798); S. P. 285 (2umenes).
Eumenes canaliculata Sauss. Vespid. I, 68, 56; pl. xi, fig, 5.—DeGess
Mem. Ins. III, 579, Tab. 29, fig. 3.

108 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. TPART I.

Var. a. Wholly ferruginous, with the wings obscure.

b. Abdomen black, with the end ferruginous; petiole ferrugi-
nous, with a black margin.

Hab. South America.

51. E. Orbigmyii Savss.
Eumenes Orbignyt Sauss. Etudes sur la Fam. Vespides, I, 69, 57 (1852).

Hab. Bolivia. Probably a variety of the preceding.

o2. E. Chalicodom2 n. sp.—Niger; capite et thorace ferrngineis,
fronte et mesonoto nigris; tuberculis 2 obsoletis ferrugineis in fronte;
clypeo lato, emarginato; abdomine fere impunctato; petiolo mediocri,
levi, vix sulcato, apice puucto-impresso et margine flavo; alis infus-
catis. 9.

Total length, 15~20 mm.; wing, 12-16 mm.

°. Head orbicular, longer than wide. Clypeus large, widely
but not deeply emarginate at its inferior border and a little bicari-
nate; the carine distant. Between the antenne an elongate
tubercle parted by a sulcosity, and over this, next to the top of
the eyes, two frontal rounded tubercles; vertex arcuate. Thorax
elongate, compressed, anteriorly margined by a feeble crest.
Scutel convex, parted by a groove; metathorax parted by a
channel, nearly to the top. Head and thorax delicately punctate.
Disk of mesothorax with two or four sulcosities at base. Petiole
moderate, polished, impunctate, as long as the thorax, a little
gibbous in-the middle; its sulcosity very obsolete; the end
without elevated margin, but with an impressed point. The rest
of the abdomen elongate, pear-shaped, not compressed, nearly
impunctate, except along the edge of the margins; the second
edge obsoletely separated from the first.

Head ferruginous ; the forehead black, with its three tubercles
ferruginous; antenne ferruginous; the flagellum black above.
Thorax ferruginous, beneath and in the grooves of the sides,
black; disk cf mesothorax black. Abdomen black; the petiole
margined with yellow. Feet ferruginous, varied with fuscous.
Wings washed with brown; the costa more obscure.

Ress. a. diff.—Nearly of the same coloration as Z. canalicu-
latus, but smaller; the head less broad, not so triangular, distinct
by its two frontal feeble tubercles; the thorax much narrower,.
more margined anteriorly, more canaliculate posteriorly; the

EUMENES. 109

scutel not flat nor entire; the petiole shorter, not so distinctly
suleate.—Very distinct from jiliformis by the same characters
and by its nearly impunctate abdomen.

Hab. Brazil. Pernambuco, This insect was bred in a nest
of Chalicodoma; if as a parasite I could not ascertain.

53. BH. filiformnis Savss.—Niger, antennis subtus et abd. apice, fer-
rugineis ; clypeo elongato, flavo-marginato, apice obtuse emarginato, et
flavo-bimaculato ; thorace brevi, dense punctato, postscutello et meta-
noto crassius punctatis, petiolo valde elongato, punctato, tenuiter sul-
cato, pone medium subcoarctato; secundo abd. segmento punctatissimo,
rugoso, margine subreflexo; margine postico pronoti, petioli et secundi
segmenti, flavis ; alis infuscatis, apice subhyalinis. 9.

E. jiliformis Savuss. Ut. Vesp. II, 146, 34, 2.

Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 13 mm.

Antenne long and slender. Thorax shorter than that of Z.
canaliculatus, almost globular, squarely eut before, densely
punctured ; the post-scutellum and the metathorax cribrose with
punctures, stronger and less serrate, while in the species cited
the thorax is everywhere velvety and finely punctured. The petiole
is a little longer than the thorax, very narrow, a little enlarged
from before backward, arcuate, flattened, irregularly punctured.
Its groove but slightly distinct. The second segment compressed,
very densely shagreened, appearing rugose above; the punctures
much more dense, but not as large as on the metathorax; the
first posterior border of this segment slightly turned up and pre-
ceded by a transverse depression in the middle; the 2d border
narrow, profoundly sunken.

Var. The ornaments of the thorax and of the abdomen are
generally of a sombre ferruginous rather than yellow, indistinct ;
the border of the 2d abdominal segment is sometimes yellow,
sometimes ferruginous.

Black, fulvo-velutinous; flagellum of the antennx beneath, edge
of wing scales, knees, and margin of the abdominal segments
ferruginous; posterior margin of prothorax and. an interrupted
fascia at the extremity of the petiole, yellow. Wings washed
with brown in the basilar half, subhyaline at the extremity.

2. Clypeus black, smooth, lengthened, narrow above; its
greatest width is in its lower third, carrying two little bosses in
the middle (of its height), the terminal border notched at a very

110 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L

obtuse angle, anc forming two slightly diverging salient or obtuse
angles.

Two spots at the extremity of clypeus, the lateral margins,
and the frontal carina, yellow.

Ress. a. diff.—A very distinct species from all the others of
this Division by its very punctate compressed abdomen, and by
the much impressed edge of the 2d segment, which renders the
first edge very sharp. ‘The other species have this edge flat, so
that the first edge is hardly distinguishable.

Hab. Brazil. (Author’s collections and Spinola’s at Turin.)

Gen. MONFEZUMEA Savss.

Mandibles very long, terminating in a point, channelled, and
forming by their union a long beak. Lip and jaw very long;
labial palpi presenting but three articles and often terminated
by long hairs.1. Maxillary palpt composed of five articles.

Head normal; generally dilated behind the eyes, and a little
concave behind; between the antenne is a little carina which
reaches the clypeus. Clypeus 2 longer than wide, pyriform
(that is, rounded at the summit, diminishing downward) ; emar-
ginate and bidentate; % polygonal, generally as wide as. long,
and terminated by a nearly straight border placed between two
distant side teeth.

Thorax generally lengthened, convex (at times wide) hardly
retracted before; prothorax very sharply truncate; metathorax
rounded, offering two convex faces, separated by a channel or by
a cavity, which are not bordered by sharp, but rounded, effaced
edges.

Abdomen generelly fusiform; the first segment enlarges

1 Although the 3d article has a parabolic form, one’sees very distinctly
that it is the 4th which is wanting, for the 5d preserves at its extremity
the long stiff hairs which arm the 3d among the types which have the
labial palpi composed of four articles (.Vorfonia). Furthermore, one often
discovers that the extremity of the 3d article is formed by a rudiment of
the 4th article soldered upon it. This disposition becomes more distinct
among the Monobia.

+
7
4
&

MONTEZUMIA. 111

gradually, is funnel like, pediculate or sessile, at times campanu-
late, but when the pedicle exists it only occupies the anterior
part of the segment and does not compose the entire segment ;
it carries above, near the extremity, a longitudinal groove or a

rounded excavation. °

Most of these insects have an appearance very easy to grasp,
thanks to their fusiform abdomen of which the first segment is
funnel-shaped. Their principal distinctions are found in this form
of the abdomen, combined with the length of the mandibles and
the reduced number of the articles of the palpi. The mandibles
are long and form a beak as with the Humenes, although less
sharp; in the females these organs have four teeth or lobules;
in the males the inner edge is more entire or with three notches.
The elypeus, in general more long than wide in the females,
recalls the Hwmenes also, but its narrow extremity has a trian-
gular notch, separating two triangular teeth; in the males it
offers the polygonal form, a quite different type, which by the
separation of its terminal teeth has a sort of analogy to the
Zethus. The head and body are almost equally and always
strongly punctured; the abdomen is also wholly punctured, but
less strongly. All the body moreover is covered with a velvety
pile which often conceals the sculpture. The anterior border of
the prothorax is subconcave, but the angles, although at times
distinet, are never spinose as with certain Zethus.

The form of the abdomen recalls, in the normal types, the torm
of Polistes; it is also fusiform, the Ist segment being funnel
shaped, much narrower than the second; but the first segment
being larger, and always convex (not completely funnel shaped)
suffices always to distinguish this genus, even though the head,
with its long mandibles and clypeus, should be wanting. Also
the strong puncturing of the thorax and the always short, chubby
and wide metathorax assist-in marking its differences.

~The genus Montezumia also includes several types and
numerous forms which are slight marks of distinction.

The first segment of the abdomen is often narrow, campanulate
and strongly bossed, in such case presenting the form which
appears in certain Odynerus, having the pediculate abdomen;
or, even the thorax becomes wide and flattened ; the metathorax

113 ‘ HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 6

carinate, and hence we. have established separate divisions to
receive these types.

Let us add that these insects have wholly the appearance of
the Nortonia, and that one cannot distinguish them but by the
dissection of the mouth. If then we separate these two genera,
it is that they seem to us to form a deviation from the genus
Odynerus in two different ways; the Nortonia conducting to the
Humenes, and the Montezumia forming rather a detached rami-
fication which seems more to direct toward the Polistes or Zethus.

In fine the Montezumia have nearly the same buccate organi-
zation as the Monobia, and are distinguished from these insects
by their slender forms; by their abdomen pediculate or fusiform,
not distinctly sessile; and by the form of the metathorax, which
is convex, divided by a groove, but not excavated as with the
Odynerus, or which always at least offers two salient enlargements
rather than a posterior excavated surface.’

The genus Montezumia is almost exclusively American, but
it does not extend into the cold latitudes of this continent. It
appears only in Mexico, and extends southward as far as the
borders of Patagonia. It has not yet been met with in the
United States. It also appears to be limited to the eastern face
of the Andes, at least it has not yet been found upon the western
side of- America. ,

The habits of these insects remain to this day entirely unknown,
although the structure of their mouth does not leave any doubt
that they lead a solitary life. Now, however, we may throw
some light upon this question, thanks to the kindness of Mr. G.
Claraz, who has been willing to send us the nests of Montezumia
Serruginea described below.

These structures very much resemble the nests of Pelopaus.
They are of agglutinated masses of earth, in which one finds the
cells disposed in a parallel order, in which the insect imprisons

' Jt is true that certain JMJontezumia having the pediculate abdomen
offer a sort of concavity of this kind on the metathorax (Jf. Lepriurii,
HIuasteca) but the types with the non-pediculate abdomen, which alone
could be confounded with the Monobia, have always the metathorax con-
vex, clubbed, and unarmed. Constantly here, as elsewhere, one finds
transitory types, but we have allowed that the genus Monobia is not
entirely decharacterized in the genus Montezumia (see the Monobia egregia
and especially the J/onobia variabilis).

MONTEZUMIA. 113

”

its prey with the eggs which she has deposited in it. Each one
of these Jumps contains about ten of the cells. Unfortunately we
could not discover what composes the prey of the insect which
constructs these, the little cells being found occupied by the
nymphes already quite prepared to hatch or even by insects
already hatched.

This observation becomes exccedingly interesting by reveal-
ing among the solitary wasps a different mode of nidification
which is allied to that which one knows among other genera and
which recalls the architecture of the Sphegides. So we know
that the Humenes establish for their offspring separate and dis-
tinct cells likewise formed of earth; the Zethus build their nests
composed of aggregated cellules, established commonly in vege-
{able matters and fixed upon little branches of trees. The Ody-
nerus nidify in holes in walls, in the stems of plants, ete. The
Montezuma, finally, construct their houses of many rooms, a little
like those of Zethus, but very much more massively built of earth
and stuck against walls or rocks as are those of the Sphegides
and some of the mason bees.

Division ANTEZUMIA.

Head flattened before (Eumenoide). Abdomen pediculate;
the petiole composed of the first segment, of which the first
moiety (or the base only) is linear; the second moiety being cam-
panular, not receiving the 2d segment. (Appearance nearly like
some Pachymenes).

a. Head very flat; clypeus entire ; abdomen but little pediculate.
I. M. chalybea Sauss.
Montezumia chalybea Sauss. Vespides, III, 161, 49; pl. ix, fig. 2, 9.
Hab. Brazil.

6. Head less flat; clypeus truncate or notched ; abdomen more lengthened

pediculate.
2. M. petiolata Savuss.
*
Montezumia petiolata Sauss. Vespides, III, 161, 50; pl. ix, fig. 1, 9.

Hab. Brazil.
8

114 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

c. Head less flat ; clypeus truncate or notched ; petiole rather flattened
i! triangular.

3 M. brumea Savss.—Velutino-sericea, punctata; clypeo punctato,
margine apicali late truncato, biangulato; thorace valde velutino, haud
compresso; métanoto brevi, striato, aureo-sericeo; 1° abd. segmento
petiolari, companulato, apice sulco partito; capite et antennis nigris;
his subtus ferrugineis ; thorace et petiolo rufis; pronoti margine postico,
tegulis, postscutelli maculis 2 petiolique linea marginali, flavescentibus ;
pronoto, thorace subtus et petiolo ante marginem frequenter fuscis ;
abdomine fusco-olivaceo; pedibus rufis; alis infumatis, costa fusca.

Variat. Secundo segmento ferrugineo-limbato.

*,. Clypeo lato, sericeo.

Pachymenesbrunnea Savss. Vesp. I, 76, 4; pl. xii, fig. 6 (1852).

Total length, 16 mm.; wing, 12 mm.

This species has rather the appearance of an Humenes, because
of its narrow Ist abdominal segment, campanulate as in Pachy-
menes, but quite flattened, and not bordered at end.

The clypeus % is polygonal, as wide as long, broadly truncate;
its inferior margin having a tooth on each side; it is black, silky,
with the inferior part yellow.

The body is velutinous; the thorax very much so, rufo-ferru-
ginous with golden reflections; anteriorly blackish; the petiole,
broadly club-shaped, parted by a groove, is ferruginous, with the
extremity blackish, and the hind margin finely bordered with
yellow. The rest of the abdomen brown-olive, with golden
reflections. The feet of the color of the thorax.

Ress. a. diff.—It has much the livery of VM. infernalis, but is
very different by the petiolar form of the lst segment of the abdo-
men, and by its shorter thorax.

Hab. Cayenne. Venezuela.

Observation.—L. c. I have mentioned that the 2d cubital
cell of the wing is triangular in 9, but this seems to be a mere
accident; it is not so in %.

Division METAZUMIA.

Head more or less dilated; metathorax convex at summit, a

little prolonged and presenting a distinct fossette, but unarmed.

Abdomen pyriform, but the first segment retracted, subpediculate
at the base, then suddenly campanulate; dilated nodulously

MONTEZUMIA. 115

above by the meeting of the anterior and superior faces of the
segment. The second segment widening toward its base in an
ovoid form.

The insects of this division have somewhat the appearance of
Discelius, on account of the form of their abdomen, but the
labial palpi are distinctly composed of three articles only and the
maxillary of five.

4. M. Muasteca Savuss. (Fig. 9 $4, 9a 9.)—Nigra, nitida, dense
punctata ; pronoto cristato-marginato; metanoto et abdom. 1° segmento
grosse cribratis; mesonoto et abdom. 2° segmento tenuiter punctatis ;
clypeo longiore quam latiore, bidentato striato-punctato ; metanoto
rotundato, in medio excavato, foveola striata, haud acute marginata

¢ instructo; abd. primo segmento angusto, campanulato, supra nodoso
inflato; scutelli et postscutelli fascia interrupta, abdominisque seg-
menti 1'-2' (yuandoque 3‘) margine, fulvis; alis hyalinis costa nigra;
antennaruin flagello subtus ferrugineo.

®". Clypeo flavo, antennis uncinatis.

Montezumia kuasteca Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, 271.
Total length, 16 mm.; wing, 13 mm.

Appearance of a Discalius; clypeus more long than wide,
bidentate; the teeth distant, separated by a straight or concave
margin; ocelli large, approaching ; a deep groove on the vertex.
Prothorax strongly rimmed, angulate; scutels flattened, divided
by a feeble line, separated by a strong sulcus. Metathorax
forming two convex cheeks behind the post-scutel, but its poste-
rior face occupied by an almost round fossette, regularly execa-
vated, shining and striate, slightly punctured, garnished with a
gray pile, but without decided border or limiting marks. Lateral
ridges effaced. First segment having its anterior fourth pedicu-
late in form and the remainder campanulate, quadrate, nodulously
swelled above; (seen in profile this segment has the appearance
of carrying a great tubercle, which results from the meeting of
the superior with the anterior face at a right angle): this segment
less than half the width of the second and offering above a
depressed point; second segment rounded, depressed, flat
beneath, convex above, enlarging gradually. Head, thorax, and
petiole densely punctured ; the prominences of the metathorax
and the first abdominal segment cribrose with large punctures;
the mesothorax not strongly punctured; the bead punctured,

116 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART T.

even striate before; the second and the following abdominal seg-
ments densely and finely punctured.

Insect of a shining black; antenne black, the flagellum ferru-
cinous beneath, both scutels ornamented with a band or with two
obscure yellow points. The two, often the three, first segments
of the abdomen, equally bordered with a submarginal edging of
the same color; that of the first segment continuing itself upon
the sides. Legs black. Wings transparent, with the antcr.or
edge blackish.

2. Clypeus black or more or less tawny or yellow.

Var. End of the abdomen slightly ferruginous ; often two
tawny dots at the summit of the pro- and of the metathorax.

%. Clypeus yellow, a little margined with black, strongly bi-
dentate; the teeth sharp, separated by a notch on the arc of a
circle. Hook of the antenne pointed, black or ferruginous. No
groove on the vertex.

Ress. a. diff.—This species has some resemblance to the JL
sepulchralis Sauss. Its form is quite like that of 7. Leprieuri;
one might be inclined to take it for a black variety of this species,
but the disk of the mesothorax is less strongly and the metatho-
rax less densely punctured in Huasteca than in Leprieurz.

Hab. The Gulf side of Mexico. I caught several 2 % near
Tampico; some others have been taken near Orizaba. )

In this species the third joint of the labial palpi is almost as
long as the second and the form distinetly parabolie-pointed ;
this article is very abruptly terminated and has no appendix.

The maxillary palpi have their first article dilated ; the two fol-:

lowing slender and long, the others smaller and smaller.

5. M. Leprieurii Spiv.—Nigra; capite, thorace abdominisque primo
segmento, valde cribratis; abdomine de reliquo tenuiter punctato;
clypeo elongato, bidentato, scutellis, metanoto, abdominis primi seg-
menti limbo, aurantiacis; alis subinfuscatis, costa nigra.

*. Clypeo, anrantio; supra et lateraliter nigro-marginato; pronoti mar-
gine postico et macula in basi mesonoti disci, aurantiis.

Variat autennis subtus ferrugineis ; secundo abdominis segmento, flavo-
limbato; reliquis margine pice». Longit, 0.015.

Odynerus Leprieurii Sprvoua, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. X (1841), 127, 78.
Montezumia pelagica Sauss. Vespides, I, 93, 11, pl. xii, fig. 10, 9 (1852).
Montezumia Leprieurti Sauss. Vespides, III, 160.

Hab. Brazil. Cayenne.

MONTEZUMIA. LZ

Observation.—The specimen described by Spinola has the
wings faded, ferruginous.

Division MONTEZUMIA (propr. dict.).

Head dilated. Clypeus truncate or bidentate. Metathorax
offering two convex cheeks, unarmed, separated by a furrow.
Abdomen fusiform; the first segment funnel-shaped, but enlarged
above, capable of retracting more or less of the following one.

In this division the forms are rounder; the first segment is
Jess enlarged above, it does not present a superior and anterior
face; it becomes more funnel-shaped and wider, which gives to
these inseets the appearance of Polistes with which they have
often been confounded.

1, Abdomen pediculate. The first moiety of the first segment
linear.

Division ALPHA.
(Savss. Vespides, I, 88; III, 160.)

G. M. coerwilea Savuss. 9.—Valida, nigro-ccerulea; abdomine ceruleo, ©
clypeo piriformi, punctato, apice subemarginato, subbidentato ; capite
et thorace densissime granulato-punctatis, fulvo-hirtis; metanoti
sulco striato; pronoto angulato, cristato-marginato ; abdomine fusiformi ;
tenuiter dense-punctato, primo segmento basi petiolato, in primo dimi-
dio lineari, dein infundibuliformi, in medio subbidentato, supra sulco
profundo punctiformi canaliculato; pedibus ferrugineo-sericeis ; antennis
subtus ferrugineis; alis nigro-cyaneis. Longit, 0.023.

Variat. clypei margine, tarsorum articulo ultimo, scutelli fascia, rufis.

*. Clypeo truncato; antennis ferrugineis uncinatis.

Montezumia cerulea Sauss. Vespides, I, 90,5; pl. xii, fig. 8, 9 (1852);
III, 160.

M. rubritarsis Sauss. ibid. I, 90, 4.

M, rufipes Sauss. ibid. I, 89,3; pl. xv, fig. 1, 9 (1852); IIT, 160.

Odynerus azurescens Spinot, Mém. Acad. Turin, xiii, 1853, 82, 62, 4.

Hab. Brazil. Para. Rio Janeiro. Guyana. Cayenne.

4. M. azureipemmis Saoss.
nigro; primo segmento sulco parum profundo et utringue linea angu-
lata flava instructo; alis nigro-ceruleis.

%,. Clypeo rubro, truncato, subbidentato, antennis uncinatis.

M. cerulee simillima, at abdomine

118 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Variat ore, tarsis apice, scutellorum fasciis, rnfis.

Montezumia azureipennis Sauss. Vespides, I, 89, 2 (1852); III, 160.
Montezumia rufidentata Savuss. Vespides, I, 88, 1 (1852).

This insect is most likely a mere variety of JZ. ewrulea.

Hab. Brazil. Mexico.

In this section one might nearly place also JL Ghilianii, and JL.
azteca. (See below, No. 16 and 18.)

2. First segment of the abdomen subsessile.

Division BETA.
(Savss. Vespides, I, 90; III, 162.)

A. Thorax moderately lengthened, first abdominal segment
Sunnel-shaped, conver, divided by a feeble groove, vertex
somewhat swollen.

a. Wings transparent or ferruginous.

&. M. migriceps Srix.—Niger; abdominis 19 segmento infundibuli-
formi, brevissime petiolato, latitudine ? secundi; mandibulis ferrugineis ;
thorace et pedibus rufis; illo paulo nigro-vario; post-seutello flavo-
binotato; abdominis primo segmento basi rufo, anguste flavo-limhbato ;
alis hyalinis, venis testaceis.

*,. Clypeo polygonale, albido, margine antico truncato, integro; antennis
apice uncino obtuso testaceo instructis. .Long. 5-6 lin.

Eumenes? nigriceps Spixoua, Ins. rec. 4 Cayenne par Leprieur, Ann. Ent.
Fr. X, 1840 3228, 7954;
Montezumia nigriceps Sauss. Vespides, III, 162, 51.

Hab. Cayenne.

\- +7 9. M. infundibuliformis Fasr.—Gracilis, elypeo piriformi, trun-
} 1 N\1 ) . cato, punctato-striato; corpore punctato; pronoto marginato, angulato; ©
~ mesonoto nitido, sparse punctato; metanoto dense punctato, velutino,

hirto, in medio tantum canaliculato; capite, thorace et pedibus nigris,
tomento aureo rariore sericeis ; abdomine ferrugineo, vel badio: primo
segmento infundibuliformi, fasciis 2 nigris et utrinque dente laterali
instructo; segmentis 3-5 punctatis; tarsis apice rnfis; mandibulis
ferrugineo-variis ; antennis subtus obscure ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis,
venis nigris.

Var. Segmentis 1°, 2° limbo flavescente; tarsis et tibiis fuscescentibus. —

Longit, 18 mm.

i

MONTEZUMIA. 119

9. Clypeo apice truncato vel subemarginato, infere ferrugineo vel albido

marginato.
*,. Clypeo truncato, frequenter albido-marginato. >

Fs

Eunenes infundibuliformis Fasr. Syst. Piez, 288, 14 (1804).
Montezumia dimidiata Sauss. Vespides, I, 91, 13 (1852); (Syn. Olivieri
_exclus), ibid. III, 160.

Hab. Brazil. (Author’s collection.)
This species has a remarkable resemblance to Polybia because
of its hyaline wings. It must not be confounded with Polybia
dimidiata Ol., or Polistes bicolor Sss.

LO. M. Cortesiama Savss.—Carbonaria, velutina, nigro-fulvo hirta, |
purpureo-sericea; clypeo punctato, apice truncato, subexciso; capite
densissime punctato; pronoto, post-scutello et metanoto densissime
grosse punctatis; mesonoti disco et scutello sparse, abdomine tenuiter,
punctatis ; pronoto angulato, cristato-marginato; abdominis primo seg-
mento elongato-campanulari, supra sulco foveolato; tarsis anticis apice,
clypei marginibus lateralibus et mandibularum margine interno, rufis ;
antennis ferrugineis, basi nigris; alis pallide flavo-giiseis, venis anticis
fusco-ferrugineis. 9. Longit, 0.020 m.

Montezumia Cortesia Savuss. Vespides, I, 92,10, 9; pl. xv, fig. 2, 9 (1852).

Hab. Mexico. (Typus in auctoris museo.)

Hi. M. sepulclaralis Savss. %.—Precedentis statura et facie, illi
simillima; clypeo et mandibulis nigris, vel clypeo utrinque puncto
rufo; primo segmento obscure ferrugineo-limbato; alis ferrugineis.
(Anne precedentis varietas ?.)

Montezumia sepulchralis Sauss. Vespides, III, 163, 54 (1854).
Montezumia mortuorum Savuss. Vespides, III, 164, 55 (1854).

Hab. South America.

12. M. amalis Savss.

Montezumia analis Sauss. Vespides, III, 103, 53.

Hab. South America.

b. Wings obscure, smoky, fuscous or black.
* Body more or less ferruginous.
13. Mi. Spimola Savss.—Sat gracilis, omnino velutina; capite et

thorace dense punctatis; metathorace crassissime rugato, late plane

foveolato; seutellis convexis, sulco longitudinali divisis; antennis,

-

120 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

capite, mesonoto, abdominis segmentis 20-79, nigris; pedibus, pronoto,
scutellis tegulis et pleuris, metanoto et abdominis 1° segmento, rufis,
aureo-velutinis ; frequenter pronoti margive postico, tegulis partim,
metanoti maculis 2 et canthis, primique segmenti margine, flavis ; alis
fusco-violascentibus, costa nigra, apice pallidiore.

*,. Clypeo punctulato polygonali, fere latiore quam longiore, late exciso ;
macula genarum flava; antennarum uncino et scapo subtus, ferrugineis.

_Vuriat. a. Clypeo flavo-maculato. )

b. Abdomine omnino nigrescente, apice fere ferrugineo.

c. Mesonoti disco ferrugineo-bilineato; 1° abd. segmento fascia flava
interrupta.
Montezumia Spinole Savuss. Et. Vesp. I, 93, 12; pl. xii, fig. 9, 9 var.

(1852).

Odynerus infernalis Sprxota, Mém. Acad. Turin, XIII, 1°53, 84, 64, 4.
Montezumia infernalis Sauss. Et. Vespides, ILI, 162, 52.

Total length, 16-18 mm. ; wing, 14-15 mm.

Strongly and densely punctured. Front a, little channelled
transversely above the antenne, vertex a little swelled behind in
a transverse pad. Prothorax angulate, truncate before, following
a slightly concave trenchant line. Clypeus and post-scutel
divided by a groove. Metathorax short, vertically wide, rugose,
punctured and velvety; its concavity almost in the form of an
angle, plane, a little bordered at summit. First abdominal seg-

ment campanular subsessile, finely punctured, with a gruove

above toward the extremity. The 2d segment notably more
enlarged, with scarce punctures clothed with a velvety pile, as if
striolate. The other segments densely and finely punctured.

Black; labrum very long, ferruginous; a little yellow line bor-
dering the eyes below and another upon the scape of the antennae,
%. Thorax of a velvety ferruginous; disk of the mesothorax
black ; prothorax and flanks brownish, with the borders of the
first and some spots on the second reddish ; wing scales spotted
with yellow; post-scutel adorned with a yellow line; metathorax
having some silky golden-yellow reflections and two yellow spots
upon the summit. First segment red, with a yellow border.
Legs ferruginous, with golden reflections. Wings of a black
violaceous, with the extremity more pale. (Surinam.)

The color of the thorax varies very much, from ferruginous to
obscure brownish. The border of prothorax and the sides of the
thorax under the wing, ornamented with yellow.

.

ea

MONTEZUMIA. 121

%. Clypeus rather convex at the top, flattened below, termi-
nated by two distant teeth, separated by a straight border; its
color obscure like that of the head, or having in its inferior part
a yellow mark or triaugle.

Var. a Clypeus and antenne entirely black, without yellow.

b. Thorax entirely ferruginous except the disk of the mesono-
tum, which is blackish.

ce. The first segment of abdomen blackish (Spinolz, Sss.).

d. The first segment ferruginous, margined with yellowish; the
yellow fascia preceded by a fuscous stain.

Ress. a. diff.—I have joined M. infernalis to Spinole, for it
is very likely to be the same species. These velvety, partly
ferruginous insects are so variable that-only the examination of
humerous specimens can settle the entomologist as to the value
ofthe species. Compare this species with IZ Ghilianiti, Mexicana,
and ferruginea.

Hab. Brazil, Para; Surinam. (Type of Spinola in Turin
museum; the author’s type in his own collection. )

Observation.—The name WM. infernalis was given by my
excellent friend Marquis Max. Spinola before I gave the species
the name of Spinolx, but the manuscript of Spinola having taken
a long time to print, the name Spinole was published first, so
that I was obliged to preserve it.

14. M. Ghilianii n. sp.—Velutina, nigresceus vel fusca; metanoto,
scutellis, pedibus et abdominis primo segmento, rufis ; hoc flavo-margi-
nato; thorace lato; abdominis primo segmento depresso, subpetiolato.

Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 15 mm.

Size and livery as in JL Spinolx, but the thorax much wider,
dilated, and the prothorax not quite so angular. The scutel and
post-scutel not parted by a longitudinal groove, but rather by a
sort of indication of a carina. The metathorax shorter than in
the said species, less chubby, more angular. The first abdo-
minal segment a little more petiolate; its dilatation shorter,
depressed, not so convex, bell-shaped.

Body quite velvety, covered with golden hair. Wead black:
antenne ferruginous beneath. Thorax black; hind margins of
prothorax bordered by a rufous line; tegule, scutels, metathoray,
legs, and various spots under the wings rufo-ferruginous. Abdo-

122 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

men blackish ; the first segment rufous, margined with yellow and
blackish before the yellow band. Wings brownish, dark along
the costa.

%. Clypeus black, terminated by two distant teeth as in the
other species.

Ress. a. diff—This certainly very variable species is quite
similar to MW. Spinolz in its size and livery, but the thorax is not
so slender, the head is more inflated, the 1st segment more flat-
tened. It has nearly the facies of a Pachymenes because of the
exceptionally depressed form of this segment, which forms nearly
a campanular petiole.

Hab. Brazil.

I have described the specimen in the Turin museum; it is also
a species of the rich collection of Spinola.

15. M. Mexicama Satss. (Fig. 11.)—Obscure ferruginea; alis dilute
fuscis; capite et thorace valde punctatis; clypeo bidentato; pronoto
haud angulato scutellis sulco partitis; post-scutello carinato-crenulato,
flavo; metanoto rugoso, per sulcum vel foveolam haud marginatam
diviso; abdomine sericeo; primo segmento infundibuliformi, apicem
versus linea impressa notato; alis infuscatis, cyanescentibus. 9.

Variat. Omnino ferruginea, alis fuscescentibus.

Montezumia Mexicana Savuss. Vespides, I, 94, 14 (1852).

Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 15 mm.

2. Insect slender. Head and thorax densely cribrose, sha-
greened, rugose. Clypeus pyriform, convex, strongly punctured,
terminated by two little subcontiguous teeth. Between the
antenne is a little carina in form of a T. Thorax lengthened;
prothorax slightly retracted anteriorly, very finely rimmed, not
angulate. Scutellum and post-scutel divided by a longitudinal
groove; the post-scutél separated from the scutellum by a deep
furrow and forming a ridge, transverse, crenulate, divided by the
medial groove. Metathorax offering two convex cheeks much
more rugose than the remainder of the thorax, divided by a striate -
fossette, which has no distinct margin; the lateral ridges effaced
by the rugosities. Abdomen smooth, shining, sericeous, or vel-
vety; the first segment at the base subsessile, then funnel-shaped,
convex, having a lengthened depression above; the second seg-
ment moderately larger than the first, its border a little upturned.
The abdomen finely punctured beneath its velvety pile.

©)

MONTEZUMIA. 1%:

\

Insect ferruginous. The thorax often varied with black in the
sutures and upon the mesothorax. Antenne ferruginous, with
the flagellum blackish above, beyond the third article ; post-scutel
orange; (probably often also the wing scale, the posterior border
of the prothorax and that of the first two abdominal segments
sometimes of the same color; the yellow border of the first seg-
ment, when it exists, is often interrupted.) Legs ferruginous ;
wings brown, slightly darkened, with violet and golden reflections.

Var. The thorax is sometimes less lengthened than in the type.

Ress. a. diff.—I think this species nearly related to JZ ferru-
ginea Sauss., which does not appear to have violet wings. It is
near to Mexicana, but the abdomen of this last is a little pedi-
culate and the head more swollen. It is also closely related to
M. Spinole, but it differs from it by its thorax without angles,
with little margin, by its metathorax slightly attenuate, less
truncate vertically, less excavated, more rounded, less quadrate.
It is very similar also to ML infernalis Sp., with which I cannot
compare it, the sexes not being the same in the two types; the
metathorax is more rugose in Mexicana ?, and not so excavated.
It resembles also the Nortonia tolteca, but is perfectly distinct
from it by its lengthened thorax, as high as wide and not
depressed and widened; by its violet wings, by its strongly
divided scutels, by its crenulate post-scutel, ete.

Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. I have found a female near
Tampico.

16. M. ferrugimea Savss.—Gracillima, ferruginea dense punctata,
subvelutina; capite pone oculos producto; paulo altiore quam latiore ;
thorace valde elongato, compresso, angusto, metanoto postice producto,
sulco profundo diviso; abdomine gracili; primo segmento elongato,
depresso; sulco valde impresso partito; antennarum flagello superne
vel omnino nigro; clypeo et capite flavis, vertice ferrugineo-notato;
abdominis segmentorum marginibus lituris subinterruptis flavis ornatis 5
alis infuscatis purpureo-nitentibus, costa, previpue in apice, ferruginea.
Longit, 19 mm.

Q. Clypeo piriformi, apice bispinoso; mandibulis crenulatis.

Variat. Omnino ferruginea, seu pedibus flavo-variis, vel thoracis suturis
nigris.

Montezumia ferruginea Sauss. Vespides, I, 91, 7 (1852).

Hab. South America. Uruguay. La Plata. Patagonia 1 &.
(G. Claraz.)

124 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

This is a distinct species, remarkable by its slender body. Its
nidification hus been indicated befure in the description of the
genus.

** Body quite black.

17. Mi. maorosa Savss.—Nigro-cinerea; capite et thorace dense punc-
talis; pronoto tenuiter marginato; scutelli parte postica et post-seutelso
sulco partitis; metanoto haud attenuato, valde excavato, argenteo-hirto,
utringue convexo, rugato; abdomine dense punctulato, cinereo seri-
caute ; pedibus anticis partim, mandibulis, clypeo antennarumgue scapo
subtus obscure ferrugineis ; alis fusco-violaceis custa obscuriore. Long.,
18-22 mm.

Q. Clypeo late piriformi, apice dentulis 2 invicem propinquis instructo.

%. Clypeo breviore, longitudine latitudivi subequali, late emarginato

deutibus 2 invivem distantibus instructo; antennarum uncino rufo.

Montezumia morosa Sauss. Vespides, I, 90, 6 (1852).

This species is characterized by its black body, with gray-silky
changes, but without violet-green reflections. The wings are
more or less obscure, with more or less of violet changes. The
metathorax is rather broad, not attenuated; the prothorax not
much angulated. The abdomen is subsessile, the first segment
bell-shaped with a little groove on its superior side.

A male specimen from Mexico, which I cannot separate from
this species, has the thorax a little larger than the specimens
from South America.

The inner edge of the mandibles of the male is not lobed nor
indented, but only a little unequal.

Hab. The eastern part of South America. Brazil. Guyana.
Mexico. (I caught a male on the eastern coast of the gulf, near
San-Andrés-Tuxtla. )

ES. M. Marthe n. sp.—Nigra; post-scutello, metathorace abdomi-
nisgue 1° segmento basi sulfureis; alis fusco-violascentibus. 9.

Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 15 mm.

2. Head and thorax much as in JZ morosa. Clypeus covered
with longitudinal punctures; its inferior end formed by two little
teeth separated by a straight border. Head and thorax very
densely shagreened; metathorax short, much rounded. Abdo-
men very finely punctured, not so regularly fusiform as in morosa;
the first segment somewhat narrower compared with the second

MONTEZUMIA. 125

one, but having the same form as in morosa and marked with a
subapical sulcosity.

Jnsect black, furnished with a short grayish pubescence. Post-
scutel, metathorax, and first abdominal segment sulphur-yellow ;
the latter margined with a biack band. arsi furnished with a
eolden-silky pile having a brownish reflection; tibial spines rufous.
Wings dark fuscous with dark violet midescedeen the apex yee

Hab. Santa-Martha, Antilles.

19. M. Platemsis.
Montczumia platinia Sauss. Vesp., I, 92,9; pl.xv, fig. 3, 9.

Hab. La Plata.

20. M. amceps Savss.—W. morose affinis, at corpore paulo magis
tenuiter punctato; clypeo longiore, minus rugoso, apice truncato, bian-
gulato; thorace paulo breviore; pronoto angulato; mesonoto breviore,
metanoto minus obliqno; alis apice et postice pellucidis, basi et in costa
Higris... .O'

Variat. Primo segmento utrinque lineola submarginali fulva.

Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 12 mm.

Montezumia anceps Sauss. Vespides, I, 92, 8 (1°52).

Much resembles JZ morosa, but in this the clypeus is in form
of a short and wide pear and terminates in a point, parted by a
little notch; in JZ anceps it is more lengthened, truncate, and
bicarinate, the carine forming a tooth on each side of the little
inferior border. The wings are hyaline with the costa up to the
stigma dark-brown, this color very soon becoming faint; the
second cubital cell is also less contracted in JZ anceps, which is
also a smaller species.

. Hab. South America. Rio Janeiro.

Qi. M. Azteca n.sp. (Fig. 10, 10a.)—Viridi-ceerulea, cinereo-sericea ;
capite et thorace valde punctatis; abdomine punctulato, nigro; alis
fusco-violaceis.

%. Clypeo infere fulvo-binotato, margine truncato subbidentato; anten-
narum articulo ultimo deplanato, ferrugineo.

Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 14 mm.

%. Head short, the width of thorax. Thorax long, neither re-
tracted before nor behind. Prothorax sharply truncate, rimmed,

126 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

with the angles rather sharp. Metathorax quite rounded, offer-
ing two large dilated cheeks, strongly separated by a wide
channel; the lateral ridges effaced, rounded. Abdomen having
the same form as in JL. cerulea, funnel-shaped, but its petiole
much shorter, forming hardly the third or the fourth of the first
segment; this retracts the second as in the Polistes, and carries
a distinct groove above; the second segment having its border
insensibly subreflexed. Head and thorax very densely and
coarsely punctured throughout, of an elegant bluish-green violet,
having metallic reflections and garnished with a whitish pile,
especially distinct on the metathorax. Abdomen shining, black,
with some iridescent reflections; densely punctured, but with a
silky pile, of gray hairs. Legs black; the anterior tarsi at times
ferruginous. Wings brownish, with violet reflections; the ante-
rior edge darker.

%. Clypeus polygonal, widely truncated, covered with a silvery
pile, offering toward the bottom two little arcuate carine, which
end at the two distant teeth, limiting each side of the anterior
margin. The color of clypeus is bluish, like that of the head, but
it is marked on its anterior border with a double, pale, orange
spot; the margin delicately black. Antenne black, rolled spi-
rally at the extremity, with the last article flattened, obtuse, and
ferruginous. Mandibles almost without teeth, offering only some
feeble notches.

Ress. a. diff.—This species approaches the JZ. morosa, althoagh
it is easily distinguished from it by the blue, not black, color of
the thorax and the head its punctures are larger, not so dense ;
the metathorax is more channelled and not so excavated; the
scutellum more flattened and parted in its length by a delicate
groove. The first abdominal segment is less dilated above; its
base is linear, pediculate for the length of a half line or less,
while with the JZ morosa this segment is more sessile.

One might confound it also with JZ. cewrulescens, of which it
has much the appearance, except that its petiole is much shorter.

Hab. The gulf side of Mexico. I have taken-but one specimen
near Tampico.

Observation.—This species is quite intermediate between Sect.
Ist and Sect. 2d, its abdomen being rather pediculate.

MONTEZUMIA. 127

B. Head strongly dilated on the verter behind the eyes, having
(so to speak) an anomalous form. Thorax much lengthened ;
abdomen often large. The first segment depressed or flai-
tened above and divided by a very distinct groove.

22. WH. IBwasiliemsis Savuss. %.—Precedentium stature vel paulo
major; occipite maxime producto, thorace eodemmodo elongato, sed
antice magis rotundato et metanoto paulo latiore, truncatiore, foveolato ;
abdomine latiore, segmentis, 19, 2°, depressis; primo lato, sulco pro-
fundo diviso. Insecti color omnino castaneus; metanoto, lateribus et
antennarum flagello, nigris. Alis fusco-cyaneis, stigmate ferrugineo.
Longit, 19 mm.

Variat: Pedibus flavo-variis ; abdominis primo segmento flavo-marginato ;
corpore plus minusve ferrugineo.

*,. Antennis apice uncino parvulo fulvo instructis; clypeo ferrugineo
apice emarginato, valde bidentato.

Montezumia Brasiliensis Sauss. Vespides, III, 164, 56 (1854).

Hab. Brazil. Province of the mines. (Typus in museo Pari-
siensi. )
23. M. macrocephala Sauss.

Montezumia macrocephala Sauss. Vespides, III, 165,157; pl. iv, fig. 3, 4
(1854).

Abdomine maxime dilatato.

In this species the male has the abdomen squat or flattened,
strongly dilated and depressed; its first segment is parted by a
strong groove, sometimes continued on the 2d segment. In the
female the abdomen is not so flattened down but is slender and of
the normal form. The clypeus ? is terminated by two small,
rather distant teeth.

Var. Often the clypeus 9, the face, tarsi, and margins of the
abdominal segments become yellowish. On the contrary, the
whole insect often becomes uniformly ferruginous.

Hab. Brazil. (The type in the Paris museum.)

Division PARAZUMIA.
(Sauss. Vespides, III, 166.)

Head much dilated behind the eyes; thorax wide and strongly

depressed; metathorax prolonged’ behind obliquely; its lateral
> Lrrata.—10th line of the description, instead of “ dessous des antennes,”
read; “dessus des antennes,”

128 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART I.

ridges very sharp. Abdomen sessile, depressed; the first seg-
ment wide, sessile, funnel-shaped.

24. M. carimulata Sprix.—Niger, mandibulis, tarsis et abdomine fer-
rugineis ; corpore polito, fulvo-sericeo; capite nigro, vervice impressione
post-oculari notato; clypeo biangulato, angulis rufis et utrinque supra
angulos dentulo instructo; thorace depresso, latiore quam abdomen,
Superne convexo, polito; scutello post-scutellogue deplanatis, hoe
postice angulato, haud truncato, per metanotum involutum; metatho-
race superne convexo, utrinque cantho laterali acuto, in medio incisura
elongato-quadrata strigataque exarato; ejus marginibus acutis, tenuiter
flavis; abdomine gracili, primo segmento elongato-piriformi, superne
carinula longitudinali partito; alis hyalinis, succineo-subinquinatis,
venis fuscis. 9.

Odynerus carinulatus Spiyota! Acad. de Turin, XIII, 1853, 83, 63.
Montezumia carinulata Sauss. Vespides, III, 166, 58, 9 (nec %).

Total length, 16 mm.; wing, 14 mm.

In this species the clypeus is terminated by a little margin,
truncate, with the angles rather salient, but there is somewhat
higher, a sort of depression imitating a fase truncature, forming
also on each side a little tooth-like eminence. The thorax is
wide, depressed, very large if compared to the slender abdomen.
Its upper surface forms a sort of flattened vault, without gibbo-
sities; the scutel and post-scutel are flattened, making the con-
tinuation of this vault with the upper face of metathorax, which
is not to be distinguished from the posterior face. The latter is
canaliculate with a sort of square notch, bordered with sharp
ridges.

The body is not velvety, but much polished, although garnished
with fulvous hair. (Type of Spinole.)

Hab. Brazil. Para. (Typus iu museo Spinole, Taurinis. )

Division PSEUDOZUMIA.

Body depressed. Thorax wide; lateral ridges of metathorax distinct. —
First segment of abdemen in the form of a lengthened triangle, flattened and
longitudinally striate.

Insects Asiatic.

M. indica Sauss. Vespides, III, 167; pl. ix, fig. 4.—India.

MONOBIA. 129

Gen. MONORIA Sa

Lip moderate. Labial palpi composed of three or four articles,
the fourth rudimentary and soldered when it exists.. Maxillary
palpi composed of five articles.

Mandibles lengtherfed, channelled, lobulate toward the end on
the inner border and terminating in a point as in the Odynerus.

Metathoraa excavated. Abdomen sessile, conical or ovoid, not

fusiform.

The Monobia are Odynerina among which the number of
articles of the palpi is diminished and which for this reason
approach the Montezumia and Synagris. Their bodies offer
different forms, peculiarly varied. like the Odynerina, such as:
metathorax rounded, or marginate or bidentate, the abdomen
more or less conic or even rather ovoid, ete.

The buccal organization of the Monobia is evidently the same
as with the Montezumia; however, the labial palpi are more
variable, and one sees in these organs the rudiments of the 4th
article more clearly developed.

The Monobia differ from the Montezumia by their wide and
excavated metathorax and by their abdomen, conical or at least
sessile and not pediculate nor fusiform. Yet here also one meets
intermediate types which form the transition from one genus to
the other; (see the Monvbia egregia and variabilis. )

Nevertheless the greater number of species have wholly the
forms of the Odynerus and cannot be distinguished from this
genus but by the dissection of the mouth.

Division I.!

Labial palpi composed of three article, the 3d elongate.

A. Metathorax bispinose.

a. M. Califormica Savss.—Gracilis, ferruginea, sparse punctata;
metanoto foveolato, utrinque spinoso; antennis superne ultra medium
nigrescentibus ; macula frontali flava; vertice nigro, fascia arcuata et
' Perhaps this division should not be separated from the second, but

not having the insects before my eyes, it is impossible for me to decide.

9

130 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

orbitis ferrugineis ; mesonoti disco nigro, signaturis 2 rufis; abdominis
segmentis basi nigris; pronoti et abdominis segmentorum 1-2 margine,
tegulis, scutellis, tibiis et tarsis, flavis; alis fumosis.

Montezumia Californica Sauss. Revue de Zool., xv, 1863.

Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 13 mm.

%. The slender and lengthened form of Montezumia, but the
abdomen more truncate at its base. Head rather small. Thorax
very little retracted before or behind; metathorax squarely cut,
scarcely prolonged behind the post-scutel; its posterior face
truncate, excavated in almost all its width, occupied by a vertical
furrow, smooth and shining, slightly striate from the middle
downward; armed on each side with a strong spiniform tooth;
the inferior borders of the concavity quite trenchant, but the
superior, situated above the spines, completely rounded and
effaced. Scutellum and post-scutel separated by a deep groove
and divided by a longitudinal groove; the post-scutel rather
carinated. Head and thorax smooth, covered with finely punc-
tured spots, the metathorax more strongly punctured. Abdomen
lengthened, but subsessile; the first segment wide, rounded-
truncate at its base, but still less wide than the 2d, which is longer
than wide. All the segments having their posterior border
divided by a little longitudinal groove.

Insect of a bay-ferruginous, with satin-like, slightly glaucous
reflections. Clypeus (%) convex, polygonal, a little notched in
the arc of a circle and armed with two angular teeth. Front and
vertex black, but a spot above the insertion of the antenne yel-
low. A space behind the eyes and the complete border of the
orbits orange-ferruginous; the two lines which border the summit
of the eyes unite on the posterior part of the vertex, forming a
horseshoe. Mouth and antenne ferruginous; these last a little
obscure above in their second moiety and nearly to the end.
Thorax varied with black beneath and along its sutural lines;
disk of the mesothorax black, with a double ferruginous spot; a
little black at the bottom of the concavity of the metathorax and
at the base of the abdominal segments. Wing scales, post-scutel,
and margin of the first two abdominal segments, yellow; the
border of the second a little festooned and narrow in the middle;
the border of prothorax and of the other segments also a little
yellow. Legs ferruginous, with the tibie and tarsi yellowish.
Wings smoky, with slight vioiet reflections.

MONOBIA. 131

This doubtless varies much. Its yellow markings are proba-
bly often more developed and the body partly encroached upon
by black.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is remarkable from its slender form
and its metathorax puffed or chubby at the summit. By this
character it establishes itself in the genus Monobia and marks the
transition from the Montezumia.

In its colors it recalls certain Odyneri of the old world (0.
multicolor and allies), and also certain Odyneri of its own country,
such asthe O. annulatus, pratensis, and in fine some Mexican
species, such as the O. Jturbide. But it differs from all—Ist,
by its abdomen lengthened, not conical; 2d, by its metathorax
which is chubby at its summit on each side of the post-scutel,
because that is a little prolonged behind; 3d, by its labial palpi
distinctly composed of only three articles and the maxillary
clearly of five.

It differs from the M. egregia by its metathorax, chubby at the
summit and truncate, not in a line with the post-scutel, but more
behind; having a smaller concavity and of another form, more
inclosed, and of which the spiniform angles are placed above the
middle.

It approaches .more to the IZ. variabilis in its form, but is
more slender, and the body is not strongly cribrose nor velvety,
as with this species, but smooth, satin-like, with glaucous reflec-
tions,

Hab. Lower California. Taken at Cape St. Lucas by T.
Xantus.

Observation.—With this species the buccal organs are but
little lengthened ; the tongue, the galea, and the maxillary palpi
are quite short; the labial palpi are slender, the articles long.

2. M. cyamipemmis Gurr.

Odynerus cyanipennis GuEer. Voy. de la Coquille, Ins., 264; pl. ix, fig. 5,
* (1830).
Monobia cyanipennis Sauss. Vespides, I, 96, 2.

Hab, Chili. (Typus in mus. Dom. Guerin Méneville.)

132 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

B. Metathorax not bisprnose.

a. Metathorax with rough angles.

3. M. silwatica Savuss.—Nigra, punctata; clypeo apice truncato,
inetathoracis canthis rugosis haud acutis ; abdomine sessili, basi trun-
cato, primo segmento secundo equilato, secundi margine subeanaliculate
et valde punctato; mandibulis, macula, frortali et post-oculari, clypeo,
antennis basi, pronoto, tegulis maculisque 2 scutelli, ferrugineis; abd.
1° segmento repande flavo-limbato; pedibus flavis, basi nigris; alis
fusco-violascentibus. 9.

Variat. Corpore plus minusve flavo-variegato.

Monobia sylvatica Sauss. Vespides I, 95,1; pl. xv, fig. 7, 9.

Hab. Brazil. (Typus in mus. Parisiense.)

This insect closely resembles Rhynchium (Odynerus) dorsale,
but it is somewhat smaller. The species seems to be distinct
from this, and I made some confusion with it in my Vespides III,
p. 168.—Compare Odyn. dorsalis, page 260, Obs.

b. Metathorax rounded, unarmed.
4. M. amomata Sacss.

Monobia anomala Sauss. Vespides, I, 96, 3; pl. xv, fig. 4 (1852).

Hab. Brazil. (Typus in mus. Dom. Guerin Méneville.)

Division II:

Labial palpi composed of three articles; the 3d carrying at its
extremity a 4th rudimentary article, soldered to the 3d, difficult
to distinguish, embodied with it, and armed with stiff hairs like
the extremity of the 3d.

A. Abdomen conical; the first segment wide and truncate.
Hinder portion of the metathorax bordered by trenchant
ridges and armed on each side with a dentiform angle.

This type establishes the transition to Odynerus from the
subgenus Odynerus, properly called, to Rhynchium, by its
quadrate thorax and its conical abdomen.

5. M. quadridems Liyy.—Valida, nigra, capite et thorace valde
punctatis; clypeo piriformi, apice % bidentato, 9 biangulato; abdo-
mine conico; pronoti maculis 2, post-scutello et abd, primo segmento
supra, albidis; % ‘minor, clypeo albido.

MONOBIA. 133

Vespa 4-dens Lixy. Syst. Nat. II, 95, 15.(1767).—Ame@n Acad. VI, 413.—
Mvewuer, Ed. Lin. Il, 881, 15.—Curisr Hymen., 234.—Ituicer,
Comp. Ins. rarior., 30, 92. °

Vespa uncinata Fasr. Syst. Ent., 367, 22 (1775).—Syst. Piez., 259, 31.!
Oxtv. Encycl., VI, 685.

Vespa cincta-nigra Ducrer. Mem. Ins. III, 583, 8; tab. xxix, fig. 12.

Odynerus uncinatus Ler. St. Farg. Hym., I, 619, 9.

Odynerus quadridens Say, Bost. Journ., I, 386, 3; Ed. Le Conte, II, 766, 3.

Monohia quadridens Savuss. Vespides, I, 97, 4; III, 168.

Monobia uncinata Sauss. Ibid. 1; pl. xvi, fig. 1 (bad figure).

Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 17 mm.

Large. Head densely punctured, often presenting on the
vertex a little depression. ‘Thorax densely punctured; prothorax
with a slender margin; mesothorax offering above the scutellum
two distinct grooves; scutellum feebly convex, but little divided,
post-scutel subdivided, not crenulate; metathorax slightly re-
tracted, offering on its posterior face a subconcave furrow, very
finely striate, distinctly margined (at least at bottom) and armed
on each side with a spine. (The upper ridges are often a little
effaced by the punctures.) Abdomen smooth, ovalo-conical,
covered with fine scattered punctures; the first segment perfectly
sessile, truneated before, punctured on its anterior face, as wide
as the 2d and divided by a groove on its upper face; the 2d
quite strongly punctured with separated points, more and more
dense toward the posterior border.

Insect black, shining; two great spots on the prothorax, the
post-scutel and the first segment of the abdomen above, whitish.
Wings of a black violet.

- 2. Clypeus black, pyriform, punctured, terminated by two
dentiform, diverging, carinated angles.

%. Clypeus whitish, margined with black, terminated by two
separated teeth, divided by a wide slightly concave border.
Antennx terminated by a hook.

1 The description of Linnéus is incomplete, that of Fabricius touched
with error, and the name has two typographical faults in the Syst. Piez.
Yet there can be no doubt regarding the species. Linné has counted as
teeth the two angles at bottom of metathorax which receive the articulation
of the abdomen. Fabricius does not notice the metathoracic teeth,
doubtless because the abdomen, raised and pressed against it, concealed
them from his sight.

134 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Var. Scutel and metathorax with two whitish spots.

Ress. a. diff—The Monobia 4-dens is very difficuit to distin-
guish from the Odynerus bidens; however, one can always
recognize it—Ist, by its clypeus armed with two teeth $, with
two salient angles 2; 2d, by its abdomen, punctured more ~
strongly and throughout, especially on the anterior face of the
first segment and upon the second which does not offer an arcuate
band of strong punctures along its border; 3d, by its maxillary
palpi which have but five articles and the labial having the 4th
article rudimentary and soldered upon the third. Compare also
Odynerus quadrisectus.

Hab. The United States. A species common in all the
eastern part of the country.

I possess a great number of specimens taken in all the Eastern
States, in New England (Norton), in Illinois (Walch, Kenni-
cott), in Tennessee (Freudenreich-Falconnet, Fuchs), in South
Carolina, Louisiana (author), Florida (Norton).

B. Abdomen ovalo-conical ; the first segment more rounded, less
truncate, less sessile. Metathorax rounded; its concavity
not bordered above by trenchant ridges.

a. On each side of metathorax a dentiform angle.

6. M. amgulosa Savss.—Valida, nigra, punctata; clypeo 9 piriformi,
punctato, imfere striato, subbicarinato, apice biangulato, % apice
truncato; metanoto velutino, bidentato, excavatione punctata instructo,
nullomodo acute marginata; abdomine ovato-conico, sericeo, metanoti
angulis utrinque fascia laterali aurantiaca; genibus, tibiis et tarsis
precipue anticis, testaceo-variis ; alis fusco-cyaneis.

* . Antennis subtus ferrugineis, scapi fascia flava ; tarsis subtus sulfureis.
Monobia angulosa Savss. Vespides, I, 98, 6; pl. xv, fig. 5 (1852) ; III, 169.

Total length, 23 mm.; wing, 18 mm.

Large. Clypeus strongly punctured, almost in strive; pyri-
form, at the extremity truncate, almost biangulate. Between the
antenne is a kind of tubercle, grooved above. Metathorax form-
ing on each side a compressed tooth; the concavity a little striate
and punctured, but the superior edges effaced; roughly punctured.
Head and thorax densely punctured; the metathorax very rugose
above. Abdomen conical as among the true Rhynchium, shining,
punctures scattered; the border of the 2d segment and the fol-
lowing on the contrary very densely punctured, dull.

MONOBIA. aD

Body black with gray-silky reflections. Two spots on meta-
thorax prolonged as lines on the inferior ridges, pale orange-yel-
low, or yellow. Wings black, with violaceous reflections. (Mexico. )

Var. a. Tarsi and anterior tibie rather ferruginous. The first
_abdominal segment adorned on each side with a yellowish margin.
(Brazil.)

b. Mandibles and extremity of clypeus brown ferruginous.

c. Metathorax black; only its inferior ridges yellow. (Surinam.)

d. The metathoracic cavity more or less punctured.

%. Smaller. Clypeus black, punctured, rather short; its infe-
rior border broadly truncate, or a little concave with its angles
rather projecting. Antenne slender, armed with a terminal
hook; beneath ferruginous; the scape with a yellow line. Often
a yellow spot between the antenne. Anterior margin of pro-
thorax rather concave. The angles of the metathorax blunt.
Wing scales brownish. ‘Tarsi sulphur-yellow, with a brown line
on their superior face. (Brazil.)

Ress. a. diff.—This is sufficiently distinguished from M. bian-
gulata by its more rugose clypeus and the punctuation of its
abdomen, for in this the border of segments 2d and 3d is
shining, testaceous; and the segments 3d—5th are not more
punctate than the Ist and 2d.

Hab. Mexico (Orizaba) and South America.

%. M.biamguiata n.sp. (Fig. 12, 12a.)—Valida, nigra, punctata; J.
angulose affinissima; metanoto valde excavato, foveola nitida tenuiter
punctata instructo et utrinque angulato; macula frontali et subalari,
puncto post-oculari, maculis 2 metanoti fasciaque interrupta in pronoto
et abdominis segmentorum margine 1, 2, fulvis; alis fusco-cyaneis.

Total length, 19 mm. ; wing, 16 mm.

2. Laree. Head and thorax cribrose with punctures; meta-
thorax velvety, offering a circular eoncavity, deep, smooth, and
finely punctured, but which is not bordered at the summit except
by some depressed ridges; on each side a sharp dentiform angle
is placed without the concavity. Abdomen smooth, sericeous,
ovalo-conical ; the first segment a little narrower than the second,
rounded ; the 2d and 8d segments both offering along their border
a line which forms a separation like a second border.

Insect black, clothed with a fine gray pile. Scape of the
antennze more or less ferruginous beneath. A spot on the face,

136 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

a point behind the summit of each eye, two spots or an incomplete
border on prothorax, a spot under the wing and two on meta-
thorax, pale yellow; first abdominal segment ornamented with a
border of the same color, interrupted in the middle and extending
along the sides; the 2d and 3d having their border brownish, the
2d beyond being ornamented with a pale yellow border, inter-
rupted and submarginal. Cox 2d and 3d spotted with yellow;
anterior tibiz and tarsi varied with ferruginous; the hair of the
legs a little golden. Wings brown, with violet reflections. |
Ress. a. diff.—This Monobia differs from M. angulosa by its
clypeus, which presents a flat surface, bordered by two litile
arcuate, convergent ridges, which end in meeting the two denti-
form terminal angles of the elypeus, which approach nearer than
with the IW. angulosa, where the ridges are straight; 2d, by
the deeper concavity of the metathorax; 3d, by the structure of
the border of segments 2, 8, of which one sees no trace in the
M. angulosa. ;
Hab. The torrid parts of Mexico.

S. M. migripenmis n. sp.—Valida,. nigra, valde cribrata; clypeo Q
apice bidentato, fulvo-marginato; metanoto rugoso, bidentato, foveola
punctata, sed haud acute marginata instructo, alis nigris.

Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 15 mm.

°. Large. Appearance of a Rhynchium. Clypeus pyriform,
convex, cribrose with coarse pits, terminated by two dentiform
angles. Head and thorax densely and coarsely cribrose ; back
convex; anterior margin of prothorax crested; post-scutel punc-
tured above; its posterior face coinciding with the truncation of
the metathorax. This last rugose; its concavity distinct, punc-
tured, but not inclosed; its upper edges effaced by the rugosities;
on each side is a spiniform tooth. Abdomen conical, very densely
punctured, velvety; the first segment nearly as wide as the second,
anteriorly truncate, but not presenting any distinct edge; the 2d
moderately long; those following not being more strongly pune-
tured.

Insect entirely black, velvety; its hairs black; the feet only a
little grayish; a spot on upper part of mandibles and a line along
the latero-inferior borders of clypeus, tawny. Wings black, their
terminal border only, a little whitish. )

Ress. a. diff—This insect much resembles the Monobia apv-

MONOBIA. Lot

calipenni¢ and is distinguished from it by the two spines of the
metathorax, by the post-scutel without any crest, by its wings
of which the extremity has but very little white, ete.

Hab. The hot regions of Mexico. I have taken a specimen
near ‘Tampico.

b. Metathorax without distinct spiniform angles.

9. M. apicalipemmis Sauss.—Nigra, capite et thorace densissime

punctatis; abdomine ovato, velutino, tenuiter punctato, segmentoram
margine paulo distinctius et densius punctato; capite satis minuto;
clypeo truncato, subbidentato ; thorace antice paulo coarctato, biangu-
lato; post-scutello paulum transversim cristato, postice truncato;
metanoto levi, truncato, lato, rugoso, in medio foveola levi instructo,
sed ubique rotundato, canthis nullis, et nullomodo bidentato; clypeo,
mandibulis, spatio post-oculari, antennarum scapo subtus, tibiis anticis
antice, tarsis anticis apice ungnibusque, rufis; alis nigris, apice albidis.
@. Longit, 16 mm,
Monobia apicalipennis Sauss. Vespid., 1, 98,5; pl. xv, fig. 6 (II, 168, var.?)

Hab. South America. (Typus in actoris museo.)

This species differs: from the JZ nigripennis, by its strongly
angulate prothorax and by its rounded metathorax.

(I found in Mexico one of the Apidez which could very easily
be confounded with this JZonobia. )

©. Abdomen slightly fusiform, enlarging as far as the extremity
of the 2d segment; the 1st segment a little funnel-shaped,
divided by a feeble longitudinal groove. Thorax lengthened.

These insects have the appearance of Montezumia and one
would readily confound that with those of this genus, were it not
for the rudiment of the 4th article of the labial palpi. They form
the transition from Montezuwmia, and one can almost class these
with that genus from the formation of their body; however, the
structure of their palpi, their sessile abdomen having the first
segment in form of a bell rather than funnel-shaped and above all
their metathorax excavated and bidentate, assigns them their
place among the JMonobia.

10. M. variabilis n. sp.—Ferruginea, dense punctata; clypeo subbi- *

dentato; metanoto ferruginoso, foveold striata et utrinque dente instrueto;
abdomine basi angustiore, segmento primo flavo-limbato; capite et
mesonoto nigro-variis; alis obscuris, violascentibus.

Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 15 mm,

138 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

2. Forms of a Montezumia. Clypeus pyriform, strongly
punctured, bicarinate laterally, terminated by two angles or teeth.
Head and thorax very densely punctured; vertex offering a
depression on its hinder part. Thorax rather elongate, slightly
velvety ; metathorax extending a little beyond the scutellum,
very coarsely and densely punctured above, wrinkled, velvety ;
its concavity striate, limited by edges, not very apparent, because
of the convex form of the two superior cheeks of the metathorax ;
and offering. on each side a dentiform angle. Abdomen silky,
almost velvety, punctured; its width augmenting as far as the
extremity of the 2d segment; first segment narrower than the
second, slightly funnel-shaped, and divided above by a groove;
margin of the 2d a little bordered and densely punctured, as also
those following.

Insect ferruginous. Antenne black above in their second
moiety ; face varied with black; forehead and vertex black, with

a ferruginous are. Thorax varied with black beneath; mesotho-

thorax varied with black above on a red ground (or black varied
with ferruginous); abdomen fulvo-velutinous, silky; base of 2d
segment obscure; border of the 1st yellow. Wings brown, with
golden and violet reflections.

fess. a. diff.—This species much resembles the JZ. egregia, but
the Ist segment of the abdomen is longer and the metathoracic
concavity is smaller and less flattened. The metathorax is more
convex at summit and the thorax is more punctured. The colors
are, without doubt, variable. It has much the same form as JV.
californica, but the body is much more punctured; the abdomen
densely so.

Hab. Mexico. Oriental part. I caught a @ in the valley of
Cordova.

1. M. egregia Savss.—Stature WZ variabilis et illi conformis ; dense
punctata; metanoto supra minus convexo, foveola latiore, valde striata
utringue dente armata; abdominis primo segmento breviore, antice
truncato; capite, thorace et abd. primo segmento, nigris; segmentis

reliquis rufis; clypeo, mandibulis, antennis, orbitis et in vertice fascia ~

arcuata, pronoto, scutellis, tegulis, lineolis 2 mesonoti, macula subalari,
lineolis 2 in metanoti canthis, tibiis, tarsis abdominisque segmentorum
limbo, aurantiacis; alis ferrugineis. 9.

Variat. Pronoto flavo-marginato.
Monobia egregia Sauss. Vespides, III, 168, 60; pl. iv, fig. 5, 9 (1854).

Hab. The Antilles?

ee

NORTONTIA. 139

Gen. NORTONZIA (Min1).

Mandibles lengthened, dentate or lobate.

Lip and jaws lengthened; labial palpi composed of four
articles; the first three armed with long hairs; maxillary palpi
composed of six articles.

— Olypeus pyriform, truncate or emarginate.

Abdomen having its first segment retracted, funnel-shaped or
subcampanulate, subbidentate in the middle.

Metathorax short, convex, its groove shallow, flattened behind,
its lateral edges distinct.

The remainder as in the Montezumia.

This type establishes the transition of Odynerus to Humenes.

The organs of the mouth are almost the same as in Humenes
and Odynerus, but the body has the form to which it inclines in
Montezumia, the first segment being funnel-shaped, not sessile, as
in Odynerus, but not contracted into a petiole as in Humenes.

1. N. imtermedia Saoss.

Odynerus intermedius Sauss. Vespides, I, 155, 39; pl. xvii, fig. I, III, 224
(1852). | ,

Hab. Southern Europe.

2. N. symmorplha Savss.—Nigra, nitida, dense punctata; clypeo ?
subemarginato, % integro flavo; antennis subtus ferrugineis, scapo 4
fascia flava;* mesonoto bisulcato, metanoto medio foveolato, pronoto
medio abdominisque segmentorum limbo 4 1-3, 9? 1, 2, limbo, flavis;
segmentis 2, 3 margine subreflexo; tibiis et tarsis flavis; alis fusco-
violaceis.

Odynerus symmorphus Sauss. Vespides, III, 246, 119 (1854).
Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 14 mm.

@. Clypeus black; oval, convex, punctured; its inferior border
channelled, terminated by a slender and shining, subemarginate,
subbilobate lamina; between the antennx a little transverse
tubercle or carina. On the vertex is a transverse depression.
Thorax moderate, ovate. Head and thorax punctured and
clothed with a ferruginous pile; mesothorax marked on the
posterior part of its disk with two or four longitudinal grooves;

140 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART T.

metathorax small, very strongly and densely punctured, offering
in the middle a little excavation, distinctly striate. Abdomen
smooth, shining; the first segment funnel-shaped, subcampanu-
late, subpediculate, bidentate, strongly punctured and divided
above by a distinct groove; border of the second and following
segments densely punctured; the margin of the second and third
slightly upturned.

Insect black, shining. Antenne ferruginous beneath. Wing
scales ferruginous, at times marked with yellow. A point behind
each eye, a mark on middle of prothorax and border of segments
1, 2, yellow; the border of the first enlarged in the middle;
border of third segment piceous; tibiz and tarsi yellow. Wings
of a transparent brown, with beautiful violet reflections.

%. Clypeus wide, truncate, yellow. A mark on the front and
a line on the scape of antenne, yellow; their hook ferruginous;
the third abdominal segment often bordered with yellow.

Var. No spot on the front, nor yellow border on the second
abdominal segment (Florida).

Hab. The eastern United States, Florida, New York, Con-
- necticut (38 9, 3%, E. Norton). |

3. N.Volteca n.sp. (Fig. 13, 13a.)—Ferruginea, fulvo-hirsuta, sparse
punctato-cribrata; clypeo bidentato; thorace Q dilatato, latissimo,
maximo, depresso; % normali; abdomine velutino, punctato, primo
segmento infundibuliformi, supra linea impressa partito; secundo duplo
latiore, margine reflexo; antennis ultra 4™ articulum supra nigris; alis
ferrugineis, frequenter cyanescentibus.

Variat. Vertice, mesonoto, thorace subtus, abd. segmentis basi, nigris ;_

segmentis flavo-limbatis; corpore flavo maculato.
*%. Minor; clypeo polygonali, flavo; antennarum uncino ferrugineo.

@. Total length, 22 mm.; wing, 17 mm.
*%,. Total length, 18 mm.; wing, 13 mm.

2. Insect very stout, wide and depressed. Labial palpi com-
posed of four articles; the fourth quite small; the maxillary, of
six articles, the 2d and 3d long and slender; the last three small.
Clypeus pyriform, wide, punctured, offering two little obtuse

mammille; its inferior margin thinned, armed with two little

separated lamellate teeth. Between the antenne is a transverse
carina, almost forming a little tubercle. Thorax strongly de-
pressed, very wide, much wider than high, wider than the abdo-
-men. Scutellum and post-scutel flat and depressed; metathorax

NORTONIA. 141

rounded; its cheeks, not dilated, separated by a cavity without
distinct margin; on each side of metathorax, the lateral edge is
quite distinct. ead narrower than thorax. Abdomen strongly
retracted at the base of the second segment; the first subpedicn-
late at the base, and suddenly enlarged, parted by a feebly exca-
vated line near its border; second segment and often the third.
having their border feebly upturned. Head and thorax shining,
wholly cribrose and throughout bristling with a thick tomentose,
orange, or ferruginous pile. The punctures are a little separated
and the metathorax hardly rugose, but shining and punctured,
like the rest of the thorax. Abdomen velvety, satin-like.

Insect ferruginous; some varying black colors in the sutures
of the thorax andvon the vertex. Antenne black above, beyond
the fourth article. Mesothorax often black with two ferruginous
lines, either arcuate or terminating with a hook. Base of the
abdominal segments often blackish and their border often yellow.
Legs ferruginous with the tarsi yellowish. Wings ferruginous,
washed with gray, with their terminal border margined with
brown, and brilliant with beautiful golden reflections. Wings
ferruginous or grayish, with purple reflections.

%. Smaller; offering nothing very striking’in form, the thorax

not being inordinately wide as in the 9; puncturation a little
stronger. Face offering a little vertical carina, which extends to
a little frontal tubercle on the clypeus ; metathorax more rugose,
garnished with a pile of gray hair; body a little Jess hirsute,
thorax shorter; abdomen more slender; the first segment more
lengthened, almost pyriform; more strongly punctured.
. Clypeus yellow, polygonal; its inferior border with two little
separated teeth. Hook of the antenne ferruginous; orbits often
bordered with yellow, scape of the antenne often yellow beneath.
Face, vertex, mesothorax, and middle of metathorax often black;
border of the second and third segments strongly upturned ; all
the abdominal segments bordered with yellow. Wings subhya-
line or amber colored or smoky, with violet reflections.

Var. 9%.—a. The thorax underneath black; abdomen either
ferruginous or having the segments bordered with yellow.

b. Black; mandibles, lip, a spot beneath the antenne, and a
line behind the eye, yellow; prothorax ferruginous, with a yellow
mark in the middle; two dots on the-scutel and post-scutel yel-
low; metathorax ferruginous on both side, with its inferior edges

142 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. {PART I.

yellow; border of segments 1-3 yellow, the following ferruginous;
the sides of the second segment chestnut-brown or ferruginous.
(Cordova.) The colors are very variable.

ce. (Highly-colored livery.) Forehead and vertex black with a
yellow spot between the antennz. Thorax blackish or black,
with the prothorax, two lines on the mesothorax, two spots or a
band on the scutel, and the sides of metathorax, rufous; post-
scutel yellow. The first abdominal segment blackish, with two
rufous spots, or a band, and the hind margin yellow; the rest
of the abdomen brown-rufous, with yellow margins. Feet black
at base. Wings smoky, of a blackish-yellow with a golden
reflection.—%. Clypeus yellow, with a rufous shading.

fess. a. diff.—The females are remarkable for the flatness of
the scutels and of metathorax ; for the separated punctures and
the body hirsute with tawny bier almost as among the hairy
insects. As regards color this exactly resembles the Odynerus
tuberculiceps, and approaches very much the Montezumia Brasilt-
ensis and macrocephala in form and in the ferruginous color.

Hab. The hot and the temperate regions of Mexico. I have
taken diverse specimens of this interesting insect in the valley of
Meztitlan (eastern Cordillera), at Morelia, and at Pazcuaro
(Michoacan).

Gen. REEWNCHIEUM Larr.

Rygchium Sprnoua, Latr., Say, Lep., St. Fare.
Rhynchium Savss.

This genus is so unnatural, that if one did not feel the necessity
of separating as many species as possible from the large genus
Odynerus, I should have abandoned it.

Indeed the Rhynchium only differ from the Odynerus by their
large size, in the conical form of the abdomen, and in the length-
ening of the maxillary palpi, of which the second and third joints
are long and slender, while the last three taken together are not
longer than the third. But this latter character seems to accord
rather with the large size of the insect than with its peculiar
form Several Odyneri have a tendency to this, as for instance
the O. luctuosus, which, however, differs in having the first seg-
ment shrunken and the abdomen not conic. We cannot say,
therefore, where the genus is to be limited.

As to the conic form of the abdomen, it is met with in a great

ODYNERUS. 143

number of species of true Odynerus, of which, however, the pal-
pular articulations diminish quite regularly in size from the first
to the fifth (O. truncatus, O. nasidens, etc.), so that this forma-
tion is not sufficient to characterize the genus.

The true Rhynchium belong especially to Africa. I know in
America but one species which can figure in this group ; it is the
Rh. dorsale Fab., but even this species has not entirely the same
palpi with the Rhynchium, for the last three articles are too large
and the third is relatively too short. The Odynerus luctuosus
might from its palpi figure as well in the genus Rhynchium, as
the Lh. dorsale. |

Beside this, if the smallness of the last three and the lengthen-
ing of the second and third palpular joint should separate
generically the insect so distinguished, it would be necessary to
form quite a corresponding genus of the great African and Asiatic
Humenes (vide Saussure Vespide, I; pl. iv, fig. 2, b), and sepa-
rate generically, f. 7., the ZH. conicus from the HL. coangustatus,
which would be an impossibility. I see, therefore, no need of
adopting the genus Rhynchium in the description of the Ameri-
can fauna, the utility of doing which appears the less as it would
only free the genus Odynerus from one species. I have conse-
quently left this species in the latter genus.’

I. Rh. dorsale Fasr.—(Vide Odynerus dorsalis, p. 257).

Gen. ODWNERUS Larr.

Abdomen sessile or subsessile. Labial palpi 4-articulate.
Maxillary palpi 6-articulate. Mandibles elongate, as in Hu
menes, more or less toothed. The second cubital cell not petio-
late. |

This genus may be distinguished by its elongated mandibles and
sessile abdomen. In numerous species, however, the abdomen is
subpedunculate, that is, the first segment is rather funnel-shaped,

' In my Studies on the Families of the Vespide I also described as an
American Rhynchium the Rh. limbatum, p. 117, 27; pl. xv, fig. 10 (not 9).
But this type, now in my possession, in consequence of the acquisition of
the collection of the late M. de Romand, appears to me incontestably
Asiatic. Like many others in this collection, it bore a wrong label.

144 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART YT,

but never as much petiolated as in Humenes, the base only of the
first segment being slender, if at all, while its extremity always
envelops the base of the 2d segment. The form of the different
parts of the body is quite variable. The thorax is short or elon-
gate, angulate or rounded, the abdomen may be thick or slender,
quite conical and sessile or sessile and not conical, but ovate and
cylindrical ; it becomes also subpetiolate, the first segment being
more cup-shaped or campanulate. The abdomen is also often
attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly, which makes it spindle-
shaped, etc. Several of these forms make transitions to other
genera. In Odynerus, as in all the genera with more or less
sessile abdomen, the styliform appendages at the end of the poste-
rior tibiz are not as much developed as in the petiolate genera.
The exterior spine of the hinder femora is always small. The
Odynerus are distinguished: from Alastor by their wings, which
have the 2d cubital cell not petiolate upon the radial cell; from
Pterochilus by their labial palpi, comparatively small and not
pectinate or feathery; from Dontezumia by a different facies and
by the composition of their palpi; from MMonobia only by the
formation of the palpi.

It is to Nortonia that these insects have the most similarity.
They differ by their less petiolate abdomen (really not petiolate)
and by the emarginate or variable metathorax, which in Norionia
remains as in Humenes, convex and stubbed.

Nevertheless it would be difficult to set a distinct limit between
Odynerus and the most closely allied genera. = Ex.:—

Transitions to Alastor.—In most species of Odynerus the 2d
cubital cell has a little radial edge which makes it very distinct
from Alastor, but in some intermediate types the 2d cubital cell
becomes quite triangular, only touching the radial cell with its
anterior angles. This is really quite a transition to Alastor, but
we keep the intermediate types in the genus Odynerus, reserving
for the genus Alastor only the species in which the 2d cubital
cell is distinctly petiolate upon the radial cell.

Transitions to Pterochilus.—In the subgenus Lpipona, the
thorax becomes short and rounded, the abdomen oval and de-
pressed. The whole insect assumes quite the appearance of a
Plerochilus and can only be distinguished by its normal labial
palpi.

Transitions to Monobia.—As said above, the two genera can

ODYNERUS. 145

only be distinguished by the composition of the palpi, which are
not 4- and 6-jointed in Monobia, as in Odynerus.

Transitions to Montezumia.—A few Odyneri take the appear-
ance of Montezumia, the first abdominal segment becoming quite
funnel-shaped (QO. tapiensis, etc.). In this case they can only be
distinguished by the examination of the palpi. But in general
the facies is very different in Odynerus.

Transitions to Nortonia.—A number of Odynerus have the
abdomen subpetiolate, the first abdominal segment becoming
elongate. This is especially the case in the species of the sub-
genus Odynerus, Division Hypodynerus. These form a regular
transition to Norlonia, and are only distinguished by their
appearance and more angulate metathorax ; the first segment has
also a more triangular, depressed, and gibbous form, not being
funnel-shaped in the same way. In WNortonia it is properly
funnel-shaped. In Hypodynerus a sort of petiole only is formed
by the anterior face of the first abdominal segment. Norionia is
quite intermediate between Odynerus and Lumenes, while Hypo-
dynerus quite connects itself with Odynerus.by decided transi-
tions, and has the thorax very different from Humenes. Indeed
in Nortonia the petiole cannot be doubted when the abdomen is
elevated; while in Hypodynerus, when the abdomen is raised,
the anterior face of the first segment is applied against the meta-
thorax and fits against it, and one can only see the upper face of
the segment, which is quite transverse and which causes the
abdomen to appear quite sessile.

Though it is not possible to define a trenchant limit between
Nortonia and Odynerus, yet as the most changeable types are
not American, it would be superfluous to insist upon this point.

Geographical distribution.—The genus Odynerus is much the
greatest among the Vespide, and, in a philosophical point of view,
one might take it for the stem of the family.

_ Judging by the numerous species which have been found in the
countries already explored; by the number known in North
America and in Europe; by the numerous. species which have
resulted from my researches in Mexico (although I could only
give to it very little time), and by what other travellers have
brought from various parts of the world, it is beyond doubt that
there exist more than a thousand species of Odynerus, and

10

146 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I

perhaps nearly double this number, for there is no region of the
globe which does not offer an abundance of these insects.

Therefore the prospect of the future leads us to sce riches
which by their very abundance will bring the entomologist to
desperation in keeping the genus Odynerus out of a general chaos.

Among the so various forms of this group,.some are charac-
teristic of general zoological groups, which form natural subdivi-
sions of the genus. ‘These forms present themselves on several
continents and are not peculiar to all the species of one continent.
Other forms are, on the contrary, so to speak, mere geographical
impressions, which belong to particular regions of the globe,
which stamp their character upon all the species of those locali-
ties, through all the genera, but are not to be found in other
countries.

Examples of modification in the first way.—(General zoologi-
cal modification, special to one or several genera, but not peculiar
to one country.)

a. The modification of the first segment of the abdomen, taking
a transverse suture (subgenus Ancistrocerus and Symmorphus)
is to be found on the whole globe. It forms quite a zoological
group, repeated in Odynerus and in Alastor.

b. The modification of the antenne of the males simple, not
taking a terminal hook. Thisis to be found amid the Odyneri
with a sutural first segment, in Symmorph us. The Symmorphus
are spread over the northern hemisphere, mixed up with Odyneri
having hooked antenne.

c. This same character of the $ antenne destitute of a hook
appears also in the true Odyneri, where it forms the division
Pachodynerus, but in those insects it is already a more geogra-
phical character, for the Pachodynerus is a special American type
spread over the new continent, and is particularly abundant in
the central parts. But, though quite American, it is not exclu-
sively a geographical group, for in America it is mixed with
Odyneri of other groups.

This same character also presents itself and much in the same
way in the genus Humenes where it forms the Division Omicron,
resuming the species with simple % antennze and has just the
same geographical type as Pachodynerus, being only American,
but also mingled in America with the’ hooked Humenes. This

ODYNERUS. 147

character is a regular zoological one, for it advances together with
a thick and short thorax in both genera.

Luaamples of the second modification.—(Local geographical
modification, not peculiar to one or several geuera, but quite
special to one country.)

a. As avery striking example in this way, one could not choose
better than in the group of Chilian Vespide. This forms quite
a remarkable collection of species, all having the same very
striking appearance. Indeed, all the Chilian Vespidz, to what-
ever genus, they belong, have the same peculiar livery; black,
with long black hair and whitish ornaments; with rufous or black
feet, rufous wings obscure at the apex. This livery (with its
varieties) is so striking, that one may at the first look distinguish
a Chilian species, and this facies is to be found in all the genera,
Odynerus, Gayella, Clenochilus, Alastor, etc. The forms of the
body, although quite variable, are also very characteristic in their
appearance. In the Chilian true Odynerus they even become so
very peculiar that we have been forced to make for them the
_ Division Hypodynerus. Nevertheless this is not properly a
zoological group, as it is again found in all the genera, but is
evidently only a stamp of the country which every species of any
genus seems to receive when it has the citizenship of that
country.

6. The species which populate the continuation of the same
region in the north, that is, the occidental side of the Andes of
Ecuador and New Granada, have also a peculiar facies, still
similar to that of Chili, but more approximate to the common
type of Odynerus. They are still hirsute with long black pile,
black-velutinous, but the ornaments are golden-yellow; the wings
are no longer ferruginous. The same character is also apparent
in other genera (f. i. Pachymenes ventricosa).

ce. In the Antilles the Odyneri are more marked, and have
common forms. They take a rich livery, with numerous orange-
yellow bands and spots. ‘The same modification may be noticed
in all the other genera of Vespidx in this region, even in the
social wasps.

d. In the Mexican region there are to be found types, with
dull rufous colors and with the margin of the 2d abdominal seg-
ment channelled and reflexed; the Sfenodynerus become quite
abundant, with a velutinous body (OQ. huastecus, olomitus, ete ),

148. HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

or very elongate, naked, with white ornaments (fofonacus, chi-
chimecus, etc.). But numerous species have also the normal
forms.

e. Inthe United States, oriental side, the Odyneri and all the
Vespide take the same characters as in Europe, as to forms and
coloration; except that the wings are more obscure.

f. In the prairies of the southwest, the colors grow pale; the
black passes into ferruginous.

g. On the occidental coast the yellow ornaments become
bright sulphur-yellow and extend over a great part of the body.

These considerations of the geography of the species, and con-
‘ versely on the modifications which follow their distribution, have
been too much neglected up to this day. They have a high
importance in the study of the origin of species, and they require

the attention of. entomologists, who alone can fix them, for only —

those who have much to do with numerous insects can make the
frequent and minute observations which enable one to generalize
‘rules of any value. And if entomology does not do its share in
helping to elucidate the questions of natural philosophy, it will
be a mere amusement of amateurs and will fall to the lowest rank
of the science.

Classification.—N otwithstanding the vastness of the genus
Odynerus and the various forms which it offers, one cannot well
arrange its species according to Sections, which are easy to dis-
cover. This results, first from the multiplicity of the transitions
which almost insensibly ally each form with several others, and
often conduct from one form to another in various ways; it results
also from the multitude of details of form which make their appear-
ance in the same series, creating a great perplexity in subordi-
nating the characters to a system. Far from being able to
establish large divisions, to be subdivided according to a regular
succession, one gets lost in numberless details and exceptions
which quite disorganize the subdivisions, so that it can only be
defined by loose indications in which the reader becomes lost.
This I must say for excuse, if I have not given better character-
istics.

The evil would be perfectly irremediable in a general system
of the Odyneri, in which the complication would become quite a
sort of chaos, as each continent possesses its series of special
forms, with numerous ramifications, beside the general series

ODYNERUS. 149

common to most parts of the globe. The evil is much less if
the fauna of one continent only is considered.

wie The only groups which can be well defined are the four
subgenera which Wesmael has indicated and which we have
adopted in our Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides.*| These sub-
genera we are obliged to subdivide again to justify the arrange-
ment of the species, but it is prudent to say that these subdivisions
are very artificial, and that one must not trust too much to the
definitions of them, because of the difficulty of involving in them
all the exceptional forms, as well as of giving a true description
of the details of the forms.

Definition of the subgenera.

A. First abdominal segment parted by a transverse suture.
a. First abdominal segment rather funnel-shaped, parted by a deep
longitudinal groove; Ponisi of the males simple, that is, without
a terminal hook. Symmorphus.
b. First abdominal segment truncate at base, not parted by a deep
longitudinal groove; antenne of the males terminated by a hook.
Ancistrocerus.
B. First abdominal segment with no transverse suture.
c. Thorax more or less square anteriorly ; abdomen conical, oval-conical
or spindle-shaped. Odynerus.
d. Thorax more globular or oval, rounded posteriorly, not very square
anteriorly. Abdomen oval, subsessile, more or less depressed, having
the same form as in Pterochilus (sublenticular). Epiponus.

The last two sections rather overlap each other; those preced-
ing are more defined and easier to distinguish. All of the four
subgenera are represented in North America. The 4th is the
only one which has not yet been discovered in South America.
Although these groups are not sharply defined, their respective
representatives can be easily distinguished by the eye, if one is
thoroughly familiar with their facies. The only very embar-
rassing types are those which unite Odynerus with Epiponus,but
they are not American.

Determination of the species.

We must here say, that, the most important specific characters
of ‘the Odyneri being in the metathorax, the insects must be pre-
pared with the abdomen bent downward, so as to leave the hinder

eS

1 Comp. this work, vol. I, p. 118-121.

150 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

face of metathorax quite free, and with the wings removed side-
wise. If not prepared in this way, it is impossible to determine
them with certainty. Before all things, one must thoroughly
acquaint himself with the characters of the metathorax, which I
will briefly repeat for this purpose.’ nite

In the most characteristic type, the metathorax is truncate,
together with the post-seutel; its hinder face is excavated, and
the excavation or hinder plate is angulate, forming on each side
a lateral dentiform angle.* The concavity is also margined with
sharp ridges.—The ridges running from the lateral angles up to
the angles of the post-scutel are the superior edges; the ridges
running from the lateral angles down to the articulation of the
abdomen, are the inferior edges.—Deside these, there is a third
sort of edge placed on the lateral faces of metathorax, running
from the lateral angles to the base of the posterior wing; these
are the lateral edges. There should be no confusion between
the superior ridges, which, seen from behind, may also be taken
for lateral ridges. ‘The superior edges are often rather elevated,
and at their superior extremities are separated from the post-
scutel by a little fissure or by anotch. These characters become
more and more effaced in the series of species until the meta-
thorax becomes quite convex, rounded, destitute of ridges, except
on the lateral edges, which nearly always continue, more or less.
The superior ridges become less salient, no longer making a sort
of tooth behind the post-scutel; they then become blunted (0.
dorsalis); or quite effaced (O. sulfureus, pratensis); finally,
also, the lateral angles disappear. In another series the mar-
gins of the hinder plate of mesothorax are quite arcuated, and
there are no-lateral angles, although the margins are yery sharp
(O. Megera, turpis, etc.); but, nevertheless, the same names can
be applied for the superior and inferior part of the marginal
ridges. These circuJar margins also become more and more
blunted (O. molestus), until the metathorax becomes quite con-
vex, rounded, as in the preceding case (O. leucomelas). In some
cases the lateral ridges are continued with the inferior ridges,
the superior ones being effaced, etc. (Numerous Stenodyneri.)

1 I have noticed this in my Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides, vol. III,
p. 184; pl. xii, fig. 1, 2, 3.
2 Compare Odyn. Hidalgi, Boscii, dorsalis, nasidens, Cubensis, eapra, ete.

ODYNERUS. 151

In conclusion, J must add, that in most cases it is impossible
to determine a species in this large genus with certainty, if it is
not represented by more or less numerous specimens, because the
forms of the mesothorax are more or less variable in the same
species. One must also make the determination upon females,
the males being less distinctly characterized. They must be
separated by the eye to their respective females.

Subgenus SYMMORPHUS! Wesm.

Body lengthened. Abdomen subsessile, the first segment funnel-
shaped, carrying a strong, transverse suture, and divided
on its superior face by a deep, longitudinal groove. Antenne
thick ; those of the males simple, with no terminal hook.

The insects which enter into this group inhabit Hurope and
America. They all present quite a similarity in form, which is
the reason of their name. Their body is more or less slender;
the clypeus is rounded, a little hollowed; the thorax is lengthened,
smooth, but traversed 2n all ats length by two arcuate grooves ;
the post-scutel, the metathorax, and often the first segment of the
abdomen are rugose; this last, while it is funnel-shaped, is also
truncated anteriorly before the suture and is, in consequence, less
petiolate than in the Nortonia. One notices among these insects
a particular marking; the 3d abdominal segment often loses its
bordering, while the 4th preserves it, and among the females the
elypeus, while it does not become wholly black, takes at the
summit a yellow medial spot and not two lateral spots as mostly
in Ancistrocerus.

The insects of this group are very easily distinguished by their
first abdominal segment provided with a suture and divided by
a longitudinal groove. They share this character with the
Nortonia only—the short thorax, the rounded metathorax, the
more pediculate abdomen, and the absence of the suture of the
first segment of which, suffice for a distinction.

‘In my Etudes sur la Famille des Vespides (T. III, p. 186), I have
substituted the name of Protodynerus for that of Symmorphus, under the
belief that the name Symmorpha had been employed during the same
year. But as the two terms are not absolutely identical, it seems best to
me to preserve the so-well-chosen name which Mr. Wesmael proposes.

152 HYMENOPTERA. OF AMERICA, [PART 1.

One finds in America and in Europe some corresponding
species, so to speak, which reproduce in each couutry the same
forms and the same distribution of colors.

a. Segments 1-4 cf the abdomen bordered with yellow.

1. S. Wakshianus pb. sp.—Niger, punctatus, gracilis, postseutello et
metanoto rugosis ; mesonoto sparse, scutello crassius, abdominis primo
segmento grosse, punctatis; puneto frontali et post-oculari, maculis 2
pronoti, 2 scutelli et utrinque 1 subalari, tegulis abdominisque segmen-
torum 1-4 limbo, flavis ; tibiis et tarsis flavis ; alis fusco-nebulosis.

Q. Macula in summo clypeo flava.

Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

?. Of a larger size than the O. Philadelphiz, but of a similar
form. Clypeus bidentate, punctured, and rugose toward the
base. Thorax less lengthened than in the species cited above.
Prothorax finely rimmed but not bidentate. Head and thorax
quite densely punctured; the punctures effaced on the summit
of the mesothorax, which bears only some scarce punctures and
which is traversed by two grooves in its whole length. Clypeus
eribrose with points which are coarser, but separated and few,
indistinctly divided by a groove. Post-scutel and metathorax
very rugose; the first presents, on its anterior border, a feeble,
rugose, divided projection, which does not extend as far as the
angles. Plate of the metathorax strongly rimmed but not biden-
tate. Abdomen shining. The first segment coarsely cribrose
above with large punctures and divided by a groove; its suture -
very strong; the first moiety of the 2d segment, its extremity,
the 8d, and the 4th, punctured.

Insect black, clothed with a short ma pile. A spot on
the summit of the clypeus, a mark between the antenne, a little
point behind the summit of the eyes, an interrupted line on the
seape of the antenne, two spots on the prothorax, one beneath
the wing, two on the scutellum, and the border of the segments
1-4 yellow; the bordering of the first two a little festooned,
especially that of the first, which is a little enlarged in the middle.
Wing scale yellow, with a testaceous point. Legs black; knees,
tibiz, and tarsi yellow; the last article of the tarsi brownish.
Wings smoky, with light violet and golden reflections.

The markings are of a golden yellow.

%. Unknown.

ODYNERUS. 153

Ress. a. diff.—This species differs from the O. Philadelphiz
in its greater size, its more complete marking, the 3d segment
of the abdomen being bordered with yellow; in its yellow wing
scales, tibisee, and tarsi, in its thorax, less lengthened, and not
bidentate upon its anterior angles; in a slightly different punc-
turation.

One could say that the O. Walshianus is the American repre-
sentative of the O. gracilis Wesm., an entirely corresponding
species of Europe, although smaller, and more ornamented with
yellow, having a more slender thorax and a bidentate prothorax.

The O. Walshianus is quite intermediate between the O. cras-
sicornis and the O. gracilis, both in the forms and size, but its
yellow markings are less extended, as may be observed in general
of the American species.

It differs from the O. pumilus in its greater size, in its less
slender form, in its prothorax which is not bidentate, in its first
abdominal segment neh has the superior face twice as wide as
long, etc.

Hab. The United States, Illinois.

I possess but one female, sent by Mr. Benj. D. Walsh, to whom
I dedicate the species.

b. Segments 1, 3, 4 of the abdomen bordered with yellow.

2. §. Philadel piniae Savss.—Niger, punctatus, gracilior, post-scutello
et metanoto rugosis ; abdominis primo segmento valde punctato; reliquis
nitidis ; puncto frontali et post-oculari, maculis 2 pronoti, macula sub-
alari, maculis 2 scutelli et abdominis segmentorum 1‘, 2%, 4‘ limbo, flavis ;
tegulis nigris; tibiis flavo-variis.

©. Clypeo nigro frequenter macula flava; %. Clypeo flavo, mandibulis,
linea in scapo antennarum, et 5! segmenti limbo, flavis.

Odyn. Philadelphie Savss. Revue Zool., 1X, 1857, 272.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.

©. In form very slender and lengthened. Clypeus rounded,
convex, punctate, hollowed, and distinctly bidentate. Thoray
mth lengthened; prothorax rimmed, its angles a little salient;
mesothorax traversed in its whole length by two strong grooves;
its anterior part punctured, like the prothorax; the remainder of
the disk smooth, finely punctured; scutellum smooth, divided by
a large groove; post-scutel and metathorax very rugose; the

154 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 5.

first forming a little rugose crest; the trench of this last bordered
with trenchant andsrugose ridges. Abdomen very slender; the
first segment lengthened, funnel-shaped; its upper face as long
as wide, rather coarsely punctured, divided by an indistinct
groove; the suture strong, arcuate. The other segments smooth.

Insect black. A spot at the summit of clypeus, another
between the antenne, a dot behind each eye, two spots on the
prothorax, one below the wing, two on the scutellum, and the
border of segments 1, 2, 4, yellow. ‘Tarsi ferruginous beneath ;
tibiee marked with yellow at the summit; the anterior pair yel-
low. Wings transparent, a little washed with brown. Wing
scales black.

Var. a. Spot on the clypeus very small.

b. Clypeus wholly black.

%. A little smaller. Clypeus, rounded and. bidentate, pale
yellow; mandibles yellow before, bordered with black; a yellow
line on the scape of the antenne; extremity of the flagellum a
little ferruginous beneath. The yellow dots of the head and
thorax small; that under the wing sometimes wanting. A yel-
low border upon the 5th segment. Tibiew yellow; tarsi yellow,
gray at the extremity. Groove of the first segment deeper.

Ress. a. diff.—This species greatly resembles the O. sinuatus
Fabr., although its markings are less rich. But its first abdomi-
minal segment is much less coarsely punctured and the dividing
groove much less pronounced. It differs from the O. pumilus in
its much greater size, in its first segment being less rugose, and
in its different ornamentation.

Hab. North America. Pennsylvania. New York. Canada.
Prairies. Fort Tejon. California. 6 9,1 %.

3. 8S. albomarginatus Savss.—Niger, punctatus; metanoto rugoso;
abdominis primo segmento grosse punctato, sutura elevata; puncto inter
antennas et frequenter altero in summo clypeo, maculis 2 pronoti, 2
scutelli, puncto subalari abdominisque segmentornm 1-4 taarginibus,
albidis; tibiis albido-variis; tarsis subtus ferrugineis. Alis hyalinis.
Lougit, 9 min.

Variat. Abdominis tertio segmento haud marginato.

Odynerus albomarginatus Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 1854, 195, 90, 9.

Hab. America borealis, Hudson’s Bay. (Typus in Mas. Lon-
dinensi,) Connecticut. (Ed. Norton.)

ODYNERUS. 155

c. Segments 1, 2 only, of the abdomen bordered with yellow.

4M. & debilliis n. sp.—Niger, punctatus, maxime elongatus, gracillimus;
postscutello et metanoto rugosis; hoc maxime pone post-scutellum
producto; abdominis primo segmento elongato, grosse punctato, sulco
valde diviso; puncto frontali et post-oculari, punctis 2 scutelli, macula
subalari sulfureis; abdominis segmentorum l', 2! fascia marginali sul-
furea, secunda interrupta; tibiis basi sulfureis; alis hyalinis, tegulis
fusco-nigris. 9.

Total length, 8.5 mm.; wing, 7 mm.

®. Small and extremely slender. Form much lengthened.
Head large, higher than wide; antenne inserted notably below
the middle of its height. Clypeus widely and not deeply hol-
lowed, subbidentate, a little rugose toward the bottom. Head
finely punctured. Thorax very long; prothorax punctured,
finely rimmed, forming on each side a very small tooth. Meso-

thorax and elypeus little punctured; this last divided by a very

large groove. Post-scutel and metathorax very rugose; the first
flattened obliquely, bordered before; the second strongly pro-
longed behind; its concavity oblique, strongly hemmed, especially
toward the top a little striate.

Abdomen very long and slender. The first segment of a
lengthened funnel-shape, longer than wide, its suture very strong,
a little angulate in the middle; its surface very coarsely punctured
and divided by a wide and strong groove. The remainder
smooth. Insect of a shining black; a spot between the antenne,
a dot behind each eye, two spots on the prothorax, one beneath
the wing, two dots on the scutellum and the marginal belt of the
first segment of the abdomen, sulphur-yellow; the 2d segment
ornamented with a yellow border (sometimes interrapted), which
is almost wanting beneath. Legs black. Tibie and anterior
tarsi and the superior moiety of the tibiae of the other pairs, yel--
low; tarsi ferruginous. Wings transparent, a little brown on
the side about the stigma. Wing scales brown or black.

Var. On the 4th segment a trace of a border and at times a
dot at the summit of the clypeus, yellow.

%. Unknown. |

Ress. a. dif/-—This little species differs essentially from the O.
Philadelphiz in its more slender form, in the head being higher
than wide, in its much prolonged metathorax, in its more rugose
first segment, its very much more decided suture, and in the yel-

156 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L

low livery of its abdomen. It closely recalls the O. bifasciatus
Fabr , although its head is narrower and its clypeus more emar-
ginate. It also closely approaches the O. debilitatus Sauss.,
which has nearly the same form of head, but which is less slender
and has the thorax especially, much more strongly spinose.

Hab. United States. Connecticut. Wisconsin. Illinois.

I owe this interesting species to the kindness of Mr. Edward
Norton and Mr. B. D. Walsh.

5. S. Pumaisus Savuss.—Gracilis, niger, nitidus, tenuiter punctatus ;
pronoto biangulato; post-scutello et metanoto ruyosis; illo -postice ex-
cavato, antice paulum altiore et utrinque in lateribus carinula longi-
tudinali marginato; hoc profande excavato, foveola elevato-marginata
instructo; mesonoto valde sulcato; seutello sulco valde partito ; abdomi-
nis primo segmento elongato, sutura valde prominula instructo, superne
yugosissime punctato et sulco obsoleto diviso; segmentis reliquis niti-
dissimis; puncto frontali et post-oculari, maculis 2 pronoti, 2 scutelli,
puncto subalari, limboque segmentorum abdominis omnium, flavis ;
(segmentorum 3-5 fascia undulata submarginali); pedibus nigris, tibils
tarsisque flavis; alis hyalinis, venis ferrugineis. %. Clypeo rotundato,.
bidentato; mandibulis et scapo antice fascia flava. Longit, 9 mm.

Odgn. pumilus Sauss. Vespides, III, 1854, 197, 93.
Hab. Peru. (The author’s collection. )

G6. S. cristatus Savss.—Sat parvus, niger, O. murario formis. similis;
metanoto rugoso; abdominis primo segmento sat grosse punctato, sutura
elevata, secundo latiore, basi punctato; puncto frontali, maculis 2 pro-
noti, fascia interrupta scutelli, macula subalari, flavis vel rufis; abdo-
minis segmentis 1, 2,4 sulfureo limbatis ; tibiis tarsisque ferrugineo-
variis; alis hyalinis, venis fuscis, radio ferrugineo. 9. Long. 9 mm.

Odynerus cristatus Sauss. Vespides, III, 196, 92, 9.

Hab. North America.

This species appears to me to be very nearly, if not wholly
identical with O. Philadelphiz. d

7.8. Camadenmsis Savuss.—Parvulus, niger, gracilis, ragosus; puncto
frontali, maculis 2 pronoti, 2 scutelli, macula subalari, abdominisque
limbo segmentorum li, 2i, 4i, flavis; tegulis fuscis; capite inflato,
antennis infere insertis; abdominis secundo segmento angusto, vix
latiore quam primum; alis hyalinis, apice fuscescentibus. 9. Longit,
8 mm.

Odynerus canadensis Sauss. Vespides, III, 196, 91, 9.

Hab. Canada.

ODYNERUS. 157

This species, like the preceding, has not been described with
sufficient precision to be recognized with certainty, until the
number of species has been augmented. It appears to be very
near to the O. debilis in the form of its head and abdomen.

Subgenus ANCISTROCERUS Wesm.

The first abdominal segment divided by a transverse suture ;
its superior face (situated behind the suture) not divided by
a deep groove. Antenne of the males terminated by a hook.

This subgenus includes insects of variable forms, in which,
although they are very hard to define, we can distinguish four
principal types. These are mere divisions of the subgenus.

A. The second cubital cell of the wing having a distinct radial side.
a. Form rather depressed, more chubby; the upper face of the Ist
abdominal segment transverse. Ancistrocerus.!
b. Form rather cylindrical, more slender.
* The hinder face of the metathorax more or less excavated; the
border of the excavation rough or rounded. Stenancistrocerus.
** The hinder face of the metathorax having a deep round cavity,
surrounded by a very sharp circular ridge. Hypancistrocerus.
B. The second cubital cell of the wing triangular, quite contracted on i's radial
side, but not petiolate. Ancistroceroides.

Division ANCISTROCERUS (properly speaking).

Saussure Et. Vespides, I, Section 1, a, p. 135; b, p. 139.
Vy Decale.

III, Section

Abdomen quite depressed, sessile; its first segment truncate
anteriorly so as to show two faces, one .anterior and one
superior; its two faces distinctly separated by the suture; the
superior one forming a wide square or a transverse band. This
segment short and wide. Thorax flattened above; disk of the
mesonotum offering at its base two longitudinal grooves.

The insects of this series have their form rather depressed than
cylindrical. They are generally rather wide, but are sometimes
Slender; the thorax is somewhat cubical, although generally

! The division Anctstrocerus is also to be distinguished by the fact, that
the yellow margin of the first segment is a band, either regular, or widened
on the sides, while in the others it is generally either regular or narrowed
on the sides.

158 ' ‘HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

lengthened and rather flattened above. The clypeus is pyriform
among the females, but is usually wide or wider than long; its ex-
tremity terminates in a little border, channelled by a small trench
which often makes it appear bidentate; among the males it is
polygonal and bidentate. The disk of the mesothorax offers two
or four grooves on its hinder part. Above all the metathorax is
very characteristic. It is a little oblique. Its posterior plate
always presents an excavation, which is divided by a vertical
carina. The post-scutellum is truncate, at times subcrenulate,
but its trench never coincides with that of the metathoracic
fossette. The abdomen, always depressed and sessile, has an
ovalo-conic, never flatly conic form. It is at times velvety, never
coarsely punctured, except perhaps on borders of the segments.
The first segment is wide, cut squarely and shortly above.

In fine, even when the form is much lengthened (0. tigris), the
general appearance is preserved, the body being rather flattened
than cylindrical. In this group the males are quite variable.
Among certain species they nearly assume the size of the females.
Among others they are very much smaller and vary endlessly in
form, so that one can scarcely refer them to their females, but
by a series of groupings.

Table to assist in the determination of the species of ANCISTROCERUS
(principally based upon the females).

1. Wings fusco-violaceous.
2. Margin of second segment smooth; post-scutel black.
: 11. Spinole.
2,2. Margin of second segment rough ; post-scutel yellow. —
24. unifasciatus.
1,1. Wings subhyaline or smoky.
2. Margin of the second segment reflexed

-3. Color rufous, vertex tubercalate. 26. tuberculiceps.
3, 3. Color black, argenteous. 29. Ariste.
2,2. Margin of the second segment not reflexed.
3. Abdomen and antenne mostly yellow. 27. Sutterianus.

3,3. Abdomen and antenne mostly black.
4. Metathorax with two long spines; angle of prothorax dentate.
19. Clarazianus.
4,4. Metathorax with short spines or not dentate.
5. Thorax black, body velvety. ;
6. The first abd. segment not margined with yellow.
23. Parredesi.

eS bm

.

ODYNERUS. 159

6,6. The first abd. segment margined with yellow.
7. Twoyellow fascieonthe abdomen. 28. pilosus.
7,7. Five yellow fascigontheabdomen. 18. Sylveira.
5.5. Thorax black, with yellow or luteous ornaments ; body
sericeous or shining, not velvety.
6. Abdomen-with 2 yellow or luteous fascia.
7. Body very coarsely punctate, posterior margin of pro-
thorax luteous. 21. conspicuus.
7,7. Body not very coarsely punctate; anterior margin of
prothorax yellow.

8. Post-scutel black. 9. ambiguus. |
8, 8. Post-scutel yellow. 22. cingulatus.
6,6. Abdomen with 3 yellow fasciz.
7. Post-scutel black. 16. Santa-Anne.
7, '7. Post-scutel yellow. 25. campestris. p.1d3

6, 6,6. Abdomen with 4 or 5 vellow fascie.
7. Thorax eubic, short.
8. Two yellow spots on the second segment.
: 20. birenimaculatus.
8,8. No yellow spots on the second segment.
20. ¢ birenimaculatus.

17. | Bustamenti.
7,7. Thorax more elongate.

8. Metathorax with sharply defined border.
9. Post-scutel black.
j 10. f capra.

14. ‘i adiaubatus.
10,10. Ornaments white. 12. albophaleratus.

_ 9,9. Post-scutel more or less yellow
10. Body normal.
11. Color gray, sericeous. 18. Sylveire.
11, 11. Color black, shining. i . PS eS Me
10,10. Body slender, elongate. 8. tigris.
8,8. Metathorax rounded behind. 25. campestris. p-183.

10. Ornaments yellow

I. Metathorax having tts concavity angulate, bordered all around
by trenchant edges (Sect. I, a, Sauss. Vespides, I, 135).

(Group of O. partetum Linn.)

Among these insects the metathoracie cavity has a polygonal
form, determined by its angulate edges. The medial carina
divides the fossette into two equal parts, which can be compared
in form to two coupled pentagons. Their angles often make on
each side a sort of tooth (which is variable among individuals of

160 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

the same species, as it happens to be more or less developed) ;
and at the summit two other teeth separated at the post-scutel
by a sort of groove or wide fissure. ‘The concavity is in general
punctured, but is often striate in the middle or toward the base.

The Anczistrocerus of this division are very common, both in
Europe and North America; one can even find corresponding
types among the species analogous to the two countries. How-
ever, I have never met the same identical species upon the*two
continents. .

Here, as in other solitary wasps, the American species are
generally less ornamented with yellow than the European; the
bands are narrower and the wings have a much greater tendency
to pass into brown-violet. In short, the American types have a
more sober appearance.

A. Form lengthened, slender.

S. A. tigris Savss.—Sat minutus; niger, punctatus, gracillimus; meta-
noti foveola subrugosa, acute marginata, utrinque in dentem excurrente,
marginibus rectis ; puncto in basi mandibularum, 9 maculis 4 in clypeo,
puucto frontali et post-oculari, linea in scapo, fascia bilobata pronoti,
macula subalari, 2 scutelli, post-scutello et abdominis segmentorum
marginibus anguste, tibiis tarsisque, flavis; antennis subtus ferrugi-
neis; alis hyalinis, apice fusco nebulosis.

?Odyn. dedaleus Harris Cat., 1833, p. 589, undescribed.
Odyn. tigris Sauss. Revue Zvol., IX, 1857, 273.
?Odyn. pertinar! Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 1854, 216, 108, 4.
Odyn. cervus Sauss. Rev. Zool., X, 1858, 165.

Q. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

*%. Total length, § mm.; wing, 6 mm.

2. Small. Form very slender, much lengthened, but de-
pressed, not cylindrical. Clypeus pyriform; coarsely punc-
tured, terminated by a little border, hardly concave, but appear-
ing at times as if bidentate, because of a black and shining
depression. Thorax much lengthened, prothorax scarcely re-
tracted before, edge delicately upturned; its angles not spinose.
Anterior portion of mesothorax often presenting a little smooth
line and the posterior part two grooves. Scutel flat Post-
scutel arcuate on its posterior border. Metathorax having its
hinder plate clearly marked, its surface dull subrugose, formed of
two plane inclosures of a pentagonal shape, very angulate,

! Small male, not easy to determine.

ODYNERUS. 161

bordered by very sharp and trenchant ridges, not arcuate, but
straight and forming on each side an acute spiniform angle. The
latero-superior borders of the plate are straight, salient, terminated
above by an elevation which is separated from the post-seutel by
a kind of notch or feeble fissure. Upon the sides of the meta-
thorax, the ridge is prolonged by a wide and indistinet furrow
(in other words, the latero-superior faces of the metathorax are
feebly and widely channelled along the edge which borders thie
posterior side); the superior medial ridges which form the
re-entering angle are less strongly pronounced. Abdomen
depressed. Head and thorax densely cribrose. Superior face
of the metathorax very rugose.

Insect black. A spot at the base of the mandibles,. another
upon the front, a point behind the eyes, the anterior border of
the prothorax, a spot below the wings, the posterior border of
the post-scutel and two spots on the posterior border of the
scutellum, yellow. Clypeus either with four yellow spots, or
yellow with a black square, or bordered with yellow. Antenne
black, ferruginous beneath, with a yeilow line upon the scape.
Seements of the abdomen all ornamented with a regular yellow
border; the borders of 3d and 4th often very narrow and the 5th
wanting. Feet black, tibisc and tarsi yellow, these last often
orange. Wings transparent, washed with brown-violet toward
the end; wing scales yellow, with a brown dot.

%. Smaller, having the form equally slender, although the
thorax may be shorter. Coloration the same, but in general the
border of the scutellum presents but two yellow dots, while the
post-scutel is black, or also marked with two yellow points.
Head large; eyes much swollen; clypeus lengthened, pentagonal,
terminated by two teeth, entirely yellow, as well as the mandibles.
Angles of the prothorax dentiform. Legs entirely yellow, the
femora at times marked with black above; coxe spotted with
yellow. Antenne very large and very thick, orange beneath,
terminated by a ferruginous hook, or they are wholly ferruginous
upon the last two articles.

Observation.—There exist some quite singular differences in
the form of the males. In general, the thorax is less length-
ened than in the 2. The teeth and metathoracic ridges are
also subject to vary within certain limits, being often blunted.
When the last segments of the abdomen are retracted, the insect

Tl

162 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

loses its slender appearance. The first segment of the abdomen
is often quite strongly punctured and even sometimes divided by
a groove. We possess many males of very small size (length
6-7 mm.) and quite slender, taken by Edward Norton in the
environs of New York and in Massachusetts, which offer very
slender yellow markings, and in which the metathoracie ridges
are quite blunted. One, however, recognizes them by their
enlarged antenne, yellow beneath at the extremity. With, this
species the bordering of the prothorax is narrow, a little bilobed,
terminating in a point on each side. Sometimes the metathorax
is but little angulate, while the superior ridges are also more
arcuate.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is recognized by its form, very
slender and elongate, but yet different from that of O. fulvipes,
in that the thorax is flattened above and the abdomen beneath,
as with the O. capra and its congeners, not cylindrical as with
the O. fulvipes and its neighbors. In its livery it resembles the
O. campestris, but is distinguished from it by its very much more
slender form, by the very sharp ridges bordering the metathorax,
by the first segment having the border not enlarged upon the
sides, etc. The very small males could be easily confounded with
those of the O. Philadelphiz, but can be easily distinguished
from them by the wide and short form of the superior face of the
first segment and by the absence of its great longitudinal groove.

Hab. The United States. Canada. (Lake Superior.) Con-
necticut. New York. Pennsylvania. Illinois. Louisiana. The
Prairies. (Fort Tejon.) (14 2, 10%.)

> 9. A. ambiguus Spin.—Niger, punctatus; metanoto rugoso, excavato,
acute marginato, utrinque angulato; antennis subtus rufis ; pronoti mar-
gine antico, macula subalari, et scutelli, abdominis segmentorum 1‘, 2!
margine postico, luteis; secundo subtus basi tuberculato; alis rufes-
centibus, apice griseis, tegulis flavo-marginatis; % clypeo flavo, tibiis
et tarsis rufis; scutello et pleuris nonnunguam immaculatis.

Odyn. ambiguus Spin., Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool., VI, 264, 9 (1851)
© .—Sauss. Vespides, I, 140, 23, >.

Odyn. Bustillosi Sauss., Gay’s, Chili, ibid. 567,10, %.—Sauss. Vespides,
I, 141, 25, 4; III, 205.

©. Total length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.
*,. Total length, 7 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm,

ODYNERUS. 163

Small, black; head and thorax densely punctate. Head
rounded; the antennz inserted a little lower than the middle of
face. Clypeus rounded, convex, slightly bidentate at the apex;
angles of prothorax sharp. Post-scutel transverse, a little
elevated, rounded and rough. Metathorax roughened above; its
posterior face excavated, with sharp edges, and bidentate on each
side; the lateral tooth or angle placed rather lower than the
middle of the metathorax; the excavation smooth. Abdomen
very little punctured; the first segment anteriorly truncate and
smooth; the suture angulate; the upper face with shallow punc-
tures and parted by a slight groove; second segment slightly
constricted at base, tuberculate at base beneath.

Antenne ferruginows beneath. A little dot behind the eye,
anterior edge of prothorax, a spot below the wing, the posterior
margin of scutel, and of the first two abdominal segments,
sulphur-yellow or whitish. Wings sebhyaline; the costal part
and base washed with ferruginous.

2. Clypeus more triangular, strongly cribrose, black. Wing
scale yellow, with a brown spot. Feet black; tarsi and anterior
tibize rather ferruginous beneath.

Var. Clypeus with an interrupted yellow band and two yellow
spots or with yellow spots only.

%. Clypeus yellow, tenuously margined with black. Hook of
the antenne very small, Knees, tibie, and tarsi ferruginous.
Spot under the wing small. Wing scales black, margined with
yellow. The yellow fascie of scutel narrow or interrupted.

Var. No spot under the wing; scutel entirely black, mandibles
passing into a pale color.

Ress. a. diff.—The male rather differs from the female, so that’
I first thought them to be different species; however I have no
doubt as to their identity, having been able to compare 8 2, 9 8.

Hab. Chili. In the woods.

B. Form still lengthened, but less slender.

10. A. Capra Savss.—Validus, gracilis, niger, punctatus; antennis Nats ~ candy 1,
‘ s.. e . : ; Pig COOL OO
subtus terrugineis, scapo fascia flava; metanoti foveola polita, punctata, vate. eeees tN aa
. : cos : ; lana ok. Ue
-acute marginata, per carinam divisa, angulata, § utringue in dentem | Catling Man .

red e
lateralem excurrente;clypei maculis 2 vel 4, puncto frontali et post-

164 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

oculari, macula subalari, punctis 2 scutelli, pronoti margine et abdomi-
nis vittis 4 vel 5, 4 6, tibiisque sulfureis.
Q. Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 13 mm.

*%,- Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
Odynerus capra Sauss. Rev. Zool., IX, 1857, 273.

Form quite slender as with the O. uwnifasciatus, but of larger
size. Head and thorax cribrose with moderately dense pune-
tures. Clypeus widely pyriform, convex, punctured, terminated
by a border almost straight, but impressed and smooth in the
middle, so that it even appears a little bidentate. Head and
thorax densely punctured. Vertex offering at times a double
impression toward the middle of the posterior border. Thorax
lengthened; angles of the prothorax feebly indicated ; metathorax
having two or four longitudinal ¢rooves. Post-seutel large, a
little truncate, but without any sharp ridge, slightly bossed, and
cribrose with punctures as far as the trench; metathorax rugose;
its posterior part wide, shining, punctured, and bordered all
around by a salient cordon which forms at the summit two
distinct angles and upon each side an angle, at times subdenti-
form; this plate beyond divided by a medial carina into two
pentagons. Abdomen a little depressed, finely punctured, more
distinctly upon the Ist segment and on the border of those fol-
lowing, but the borders not channelled nor upturned; the first
segment distinctly truncate, its suture very salient; its superior
face trapezoidal, as with the O. wnifasciatus, but wider and
shorter. : |

Insect black, clothed with a grayish or ferruginous pile. A
spot at the base of the mandibles, two arcuate spots on the
summit of the clypeus, a dot on the front, and another behind
each eye; two triangular spots forming’a bilobate border on the
prothorax terminating in a dot upon each side; a spot beneath
the wing and two upon the scutellum, yellow. Antenne black,
with the flagellum beneath ferruginous or yellow, and carrying a
yellow line upon the scape before. Wing scale spotted with
black, with brown and with yellow. Abdomen shining; its seg-
ments 1-4 or 1-5 regularly bordered with yellow. Feet black;
tibiz yellow, at least above; tarsi brown or ferruginous. Wings
transparent, feebly washed with brown along the nervures and in
the radial.

*

ODYNERUS. 165

Var. Two yellow spots at the base of the clypeus. Clypeus
yellow with a black dot in the middle.

%. Clypeus strongly bidentate, polygonal, and with the la-
brum and the mandibles before, yellow. Hook of the antenne very
small, black. Border of the concavity of the metathorax much
more salient; its superior angles elevated into two pyramids
separated from the post-scutellum by two fissures. Lateral
angles of the metathorax prolonged in the form of a spine-like
tooth. Segments 5 and 6 adorned with a narrow yellow edging;
knees, tibia, and tarsi yellow.

Var. %. No yellow spots beneath the wing nor on the scutellum
(Illinois, Wisconsin).

- Observation.—The markings upon this species are of a sulphur-
yellow. The first two segments of the abdomen have a regular
border; that of the first is at times a little enlarged in the middle.
The bordering of the segments 3-5 is but a narrow edging.

This Odynerus is literally the American representative of the
O. antilope of Europe. It has the same form, the same sculpture,
the same design, and cannot be distinguished but by the less
developed yellow ornaments and by a little larger size.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is especially characterized by the
form of the metathorax, the plate of which is shining as with the
O. antilope, and has the inferior borders more salient. It is
distinguished also by its great size, by its form, lengthened but
not narrow, by the regularity of its abdominal bands, and by its
livery of yellow ornaments, but little developed and constant.
It differs from the O. unifasciatus by its large size, by its 2d
abdominal segments having the border not upturned, by its
numerous yellow bands.

Hab. North America, the eastern portion, where it is very
common. I possess 20 of the 2? and 4 $, which have been taken
in Canada, Lake Superior (Agassiz), Connecticut (Norton),
Pennsylvania (Rathvon), Tennessee (Fuchs), Illinois (Walsh),
Missouri, Louisana (Norton).

Qi. A. Spimoltae Savss.—Validus, niger, nitidus, punetatus, statura et
formis O. capre simillimus, at metanoti disco 9 magis acute marginato
supra angulosiore; clypeo, seutello et thoracis lateribus immaeulatis ;

166 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

abdomine tantum fasciis 2 flavis; prima latissima, nigro emarginata,
secunda angusta; alis fusco-violaceis. 9.

Odynerus Spinole Sauss. Vespides, III, 216, 107 ¢1854).

Total length, 16 mm. ; wing, 12 mm.

2. Large, clypeus widely pyriform, coarsely cribrose, termi-
nated: by a little, almost straight, and appearing bituberculate,
border. Ocelli large and approaching; upon the vertex a little
woolly space. Thorax lengthened. Prothorax neither angulate
nor rimmed, having the shoulders only lightly defined. Disk of
the mesothorax wide, bearing four longitudinal grooves and a
fifth quite feebly marked which occupies the middle of its anterior
part. Post-scutel short and truncate, cribrose, and rugose,
almost forming a ridge. Concavity of the metathorax surrounded
by a salient and trenchant border, forming on each side a sharp
spiniform angle and on the summit two yet more distinct angles,
separated from the post-scutellum by a groove; the posterior
plate divided into two pentagons by a medial carina. Suture of
the first abdominal segment very decided; border of the second
segment smooth, having no larger punctures than upon the
remainder of it; those of the following segments strongly pune-

tured. Head aa thorax shining, cribrose, with separated punc-.

tures, metathorax rugose.

Insect of a shining black, clothed with a gray a pile ;
a spot at the base of the mandibles, one between the antenna, a
dot behind each eye, and two triangular spots on the prothorax,
yellow. Antenne black, ferruginous, or yellow beneath, their
scape marked with a yellow line. First abdominal segment
entirely yellow above, behind the suture, with a black depression
of variable form in the middle; second segment ornamented above
by a narrow yellow border, at times badly limited, slightly
mingled with the black, a little interrupted or passing into brown.
Feet black; tibie and tarsi yellow. Wings of a transparent
brown ; with dark violet reflections; wing scales brown or black,
with a yellow dot. The ornaments are of a lively yellow.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is easily recognized by its large
size, its violet wings, the wide border of its first segment, and
that of the second segment at times retracted in the middle and
its black clypeus. It is easily distinguished from the O. unifas-
ciatus by its very angulate metathorax and by the border of the
second segment, which is not rugose.

ODYNERUS. 167

It has exactly the size and form of the O. capra, but is dis-
tinguished from it by its metathoracic plate having sharper angles,
by its more truncate post-scutel, and by its second abdominal
segment being less punctured along the border; perhaps also by
its violet wings and the absence of spots beneath the wings and
on the secutellum, and by the absence of yellow bands upon the
3d and 4th segments. It is distinct from the O. unifasciatus by
the border of the 2d segment, which is neither channelled nor
rugose.

Hab. The United States. Connecticut. Pennsylvania. Indi-
ana lilo, Tennessee: (6°2.)

C. Body more gathered (not so elongate), normal, but the thorax
; ' is still sensibly longer than wide.

c. Metathoraz destitute of strong spines.

12. A. albophaleratus Savuss.—Medius, niger, punctatus; puncto
frontali et post-oculari, pronoti et abd. segmentorum margine, maculis 2
scutelli, 1 subalari, tegulisque, niveis; 2 clypeo albido-bimaculato, et
antennarum scapo subtus testaceo ; *%, mandibulis, clypeo bispinoso
lineaque scapi et pedibus albidis; pronoto et metanoto bidentato.

Odynerus albophaleratus Sauss. Vespides, III, 217, 109.

©. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
*. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

®. Size moderate. Head and thorax densely punctured.
Clypeus widely pyriform, punctured, terminated by a little
straight or subemarginate border. Thorax mediocre; prothorax
moderately wide; its angles distinct; mesothorax marked with
four grooves at its base, with two across the whole; metathorax
rugose; its posterior plate finely shagreened; bordered by a
cordon which marks ont the usual pentagon, which is but little
aneulate, without lateral teeth. Abdomen ovalo-conit; the first
segment wide and truncate with a very distinct suture; the whole
abdomen quite finely punctured; the Ist segment most strongly.

Insect black. A spot upon the front, another behind each eye;
a slender border on the prothorax, two dots on the scutellum, and
a regular border on every segment of the abdomen, whitish.
Antenne black; the scape testaceous beneath. Legs black, the
tibie white above; tarsi slightly ferruginous. Wings transpa-

168 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

rent, with the radius and the stigma brown, except a little wash-
ing of brown ferruginous about the nervures.
$. Clypeus lengthened, bidentate; the teeth permitting between

them a narrow emargination. Mandibles, labrum, clypeus, and

a line on the scape of the antenne, white. Extremity of. the
antenne beneath and the hook, ferruginous. Angles of the
metathorax dentiform; marginal ridges of the metathoracic plate
very trenchant, forming on each side a spiniform tooth; seutellum
parted by a groove; post-scutel rugose, offering on the summit
of its posterior trench a sort of interrupted rugose ridge. Knees,
tibiz; tarsi, and often the femora, whitish.

Var. Scutellum bordered with whitish.

fess. a. diff.—This species is very well characterized by its
white ornaments, and it has the appearance of. the European
species of the subgenus Epipona. One might easily err in
ranging it with this group in spite of the anteriorly truncated
abdomen. The clypeus (%) in particular is cut exactly as with
these insects. See the affinities of the O. Cafskilli.

Hab. North America. I took this Odynerus in abundance in
the environs of New York in the month of April, but I met none
except the males. I finally received 12 ? from Connecticut,
Illinois, and Pennsylvania.

Odbservation.—We possess one individual 9, having the form
sensibly more stubbed, whieh has the clypeus white, with a black
spot and the scutellum almost entirely white; the borders of the
segments quite wide. (Illinois.) Is it a simple variety?

13. A. Catskilfemsis Sauvss.—Niger, punctatus, crassus; O. albo-
phalerato statura et O. campestri picturaé similis; corpore flavo-picto ;
metanoti foveola acute marginata, frequenter utringue macula flava ;

-seutellorum limbo interrupto, flavo; antennarum seapo flavo-lineato.

Odynerus Catskilli Sauss. Vespides, I, 136.!
Odyn. Catskillensis Sauss. Et. Vespid., II, 204.

©. Total length, 11.5 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.
*,. Total length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

' The fig. 8, pl. xvi, which is named as representing this species in the
work cited, does not represent it at all. It is a lapsus to be regretted,
without considering that the figure is very bad. One should not take it
into account at all.

7 |

ODYNERUS. 169

2. Form stout. The size and shape of the 0. albophuleratus,
but the thorax is shorter. Clypeus wide, quite triangular, trun-
cated at the extremity or appearing lightly bidentate, strongly
punctured. Body densely punctured and clothed with a gray
pile. Concavity of the metathorax dull, finely wrinkled, strongly
bordered ; its marginal ridges arcuate and quite strongly salient
at the summit, where they almost form two little teeth separated
from the post-scutel by a fissure; on each side there is formed
another dentiform angle, at times not very decided. Abdomen
short; the first segment short ; almost as wide as the 2d.

Insect black, much resembling in coloration the O. campestris.
Antenne ferruginous beneath, with a yellow line upon the scape.
A dot upon the mandibles, four spots upon the clypeus, one on
the front, one behind each eye, a narrow border on the prothorax,
a spot beneath the wing, an interrupted bordering on the scutel,
and two arcuate spots upon the lateral ridges of the metathorax,
yellow. All the segments of the abdomen adorned with a narrow,
regular border; knees, tibie, and tarsi yellow; these last often
ferruginous. Wings transparent, washed with brown in the
radial and along the nervures. Wing scales yellow, touched
with brown.

Var. a. Clypeus yellow, with a black spot.

6. Only four yellow borders upon the abdomen.

ce. Spots of the metathorax very small, occupying the base of
the ridges.

d. No spots on the metathorax.

$. A little.smaller, stubbed. Mandibles, labrum, and clypeus
yellow; this last wide, rounded, and bidentate. Hook of the
antenne ferruginous, as well as the extremity of the flagellum
beneath. Border of the Ist abdominal segment often blended
upon the sides with a yellow dot; femora yellow; feet almost
entirely yellow. ‘Two yellow dots on the sides of the 2d segment.

Var. a. No separate yellow dots upon the 2d segment.

b. Scutels black.

fess. a. dif?.—This species can be recognized by the short first
abdominal segment, as wide as the 2d, and by the two yellow
spots on the metathorax. But this last character being subject
to be wanting, it is not advisable to give it too much importance,
One can distinguish this Odynerus from the O. capra by its very
much smaller size and by its stubbed form: from the O. Spinole

170 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

by its snialler size, its less angulate metathoracic plate, by the
narrow border of the first segment, by the transparent wings and
quite different livery: from the O. albophaleratus by its yellow
ornaments; its shorter thorax, a little less strongly panctured,
its abdomen having more punctures, its antenne more colored,
and the size a little larger: from the O. unifasciatus and cam-
pestris by its metathoracic plate bordered throughout by sharp
ridges and by the border of the 2d segment which is not rugose.
But above all it might be confounded with the O. birenimacu-
latus. It is distinguished from it by the less rich livery, by the
regular border of the first segment, by the very much less gross
form, by the much smaller size, etc. Compare these two species
carefully. |

Hab. The United States. New York. Connecticut. Illinois.
(LOD, OSH)

Observation.—This species is the American representative of
the O. renimacula and it appears to me to differ from this species
only by the rather less defined angles of the prothorax and by the
metathoracic plate, which is not striate.

I possess a very small individual, 9 (long. 8 mm.), which per-
haps indicates the existence of another allied species. The thorax
is a little more lengthened, the first segment of the abdomen is
divided by a feeble groove, the clypeus offers but two yellow
dots toward the base, and the metathoracic ridges are marked by
two little yellow lines. (Connecticut, Mr. Edw. Norton.)

I possess also many more little males which I cannot but
ascribe to this species and which, in fact, do not present any
difference from the males of the normal size, but in being much
smaller, and that some of the punctures of the first segment of
the abdomen are a little stronger. Length, 8.5 mm.; wing, 7.

These specimens have no separate spots on the 2d abdominal
segment. The Ist segment carries a regular border, not enlarged
upon the sides. The scuteilum offers two yellow spots; the post-
scutel is in general black, at times bipunctate.

I do not doubt but that these little males really belong to this
species, just as one often meets variations among the insects of
this group. These males greatly resemble those of the O. tigris,
but they are however larger, and above all, wider and more stubbed
in form. Connecticut. New York. Illinois.

ODYNERUS. Jey:

14, A. adiabatus Savss.—Minutus, niger; clypeo 4, tenuiter biden-
tato; metanoto bispinoso, superne rugoso, haud acuto; abdomiue gracili;
primo segmento elongato; clypeo, mandibulis, scapo antice, puncto
frontali et post-oculari, pronoti linea antica, tegulis, puncto subalari
abdominisque segmentorum marginibus anguste, flavis. Pedibus flavis,
femoribus nigris; alis subhyalinis. %.—Long. 8 mm,

Odynerus adiabatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 138, 26, % (1852).

Hab. North America. Carolina. (Type in the Paris Museum. )

isd. A. fastidiosusculus Savss.—Niger, clypei summi fascia arcuata
utrinque, macula frontali et post-oculari, scapo subtus, pronoti margine,
tegulis, fascia interrupta scutelli, fascia post-scutelli, raacula subalari
abdominisque fasciis 4, flavis ; fascia primi segmenti utrinque dilatata;
pedibus basi nigris; alis subhyalinis. Long.10mm. 9.

Odynerus fastidiosusculus Sauss. Et. Vespid., I, 137, 19, 9.

Hab. Brazil. (Type in Paris Museum.)

1G. A. Samta=-Ammee Savss.—Niger, densissime punctulatus, clypeo
grosse cribrato; pronoto subangulato; metanoti foveola acutissime
marginata, bidentata; abdomine subvelutino, ovato; puncto frontali et
post-oculari, litura angusta pronoti abdominisque vittis 3, flavis; alis
ferrugineis;—Q clypeo atro flavo bipunctato, antennis atris, macula
subalari et 2scutelli, flavis;—‘% clypeo, subbidentato, flavo, scapo flavo
lineato.

Odynerus Santa-Anna Sauss. Revue et Magas. de Zool., IX, 1857, 273.

Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

¢. Clypeus pyriform, truncate, or feebly subbidentate, very
coarsely punctured. Prothorax not retracted before; its angles
distinct. Mesothorax with a little smooth carina before; its
grooves moderately pronounced. Post-scutel truncate, offering
a fecble ridge at the. summit of its posterior face; this ridge
interrupted and finely crenulate. Plate of the metathorax
triangulate, very clearly bordered all around by very trenchant
straight ridges, which inclose the two pentagons in a very distinet
manner. ‘The lateral angles dentiform ; the superior ones acute.
Abdomen punctured, ovate; the first segment narrower than the
2d, punctured, having a very strong suture. Border of the 2d
and the following segments densely punctured, but neither rugose
nor channelled. That of the first offering a punctured line.

172 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Head and thorax finely and very densely shagreened ; abdomen
punctured, a little velvety.

Insect black, covered with gray hair. Two lateral spots on
the summit of the clypeus; another between the antenne, a dot
behind each eye, a narrow border on the prothorax, a spot beneath
each wing, two on the posterior border of the scutellum, two dots
on the wing scales, and the border of segments, 1, 2, 3 of the
abdomen, sulphur-yellow; there is often a yellow dot at the base
of the scape of the antennz and upon the anterior tibia. The
yellow bands of the abdomen are regular; the first often slightly
enlarged at the two extremities, the two others at times retracted
in the middle, and complete beneath. Wings transparent, washed
with brown ferruginous. Wing scales black, spotted with yellow.

Var. Clypeus and antenne black.

%. Size same as the female. Clypeus yellow, armed with two
short teeth separated by a semicircular emargination; its inferior
margin finely bordered with black; mandibles and labrum black.
Scape of the antenne in general marked with a yellow line; hook
black. Wing scales, scutellum, and the flanks, in general, black,
without yellow spots; the fourth segment carrying a narrow yel-
low band interrupted above. Tibiz yellow before. Post-scutel
divided by a little medial groove. The superior angles of the
metathoracic plate pronounced.

Ress. a. diff—This species is peculiar in its wholly black
antennee and in a very marked tendency to lose its yellow orna-
ments. Its thorax is short and little arched. Its abdomen has
a velvety appearance. It has the form of the O. Caiskillensis, but
the first abdominal segment and the thorax are a little less wide ;
its size is a little greater. The % has the clypeus sensibly less
bidentate than the North American species of this group. It is
closely allied to the O. Bustamente. (See the description of this
species. )

Hab. The hot and temperate regions of Mexico. Cordova.
Jalapa, the Michoacan.

17. A. Bustamemnti Savss.— 0. Santa-Anne simillimus, niger; clypeo
integro maculis 4 flavis ; thorace latiore, pronoto latissimo, tenuiter flavo
marginato, metanoto angustiore, canthis inferis flavo-ornatis ; macula
subalari et scutelli fascia interrupta, flavis; abdomine velutino, basi
lato, segmentis 1-5 flavo-marginatis; tegulis flavo-bipunctatis. 9.
Odynerus Bustamente Savuss. Revue et Mag. de Zool., IX, 1857, 273, 9.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

ODYNERUS, 173

9. A species closely allied to the O. Santa-Annex, having
exactly the same appearance and the same sculpture; the abdo-
meu being also of a deep velvety black.

Clypeus wider than long, its anterior border truncate, straight,
or a little concave, not bidentate. Thorax very short, sensibly
wider than with the species cited; the prothorax less angulate,
but very wide, the disk of the mesothorax wider than loug; its
grooves indistinct; metathorax a little retracted, so that the thorax
increases in width from behind forward. ‘The posterior plate of
the metathorax a little striate, wider and less strongly bordered.
The yellow ornaments more abundant than in the preceding
species; clypeus carrying four yellow spots, or yellow with the
scutellum black on the summit; scape of the antennez adorned
with a yellow line; border of the prothorax very narrow. Thorax
with a spot beneath the wing, an interrupted band on the scutel-
Jum, and with two spots upon the inferior edges of the metathorax.
Segments of the abdomen all regularly bordered with sulphur-
yellow; the last ones very narrowly; the first ones very short,
as wide as the second. Feet black, tarsi and tibizw ferruginous.
The remainder as with the O. Santa-Anne.

Var. Two yellow dots on the scutellum.

%. Unknown.

This species very much resembles the O. Catskilli, but differs
from it by the very punctate border of the abdominal segments,
the first segment being also wider and shorter.

Hab. The cold regions of Mexico. I have taken this Odynerus
upon the Coffre de Perote.

18. A. Syiveiree Savss.

Odynerus Sylveire Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 217, 110; pl. x, fig. 8, 9
(1854).

Hab. Brazil. Sylveird. (Type in the Paris Museum.)

b. Metathorax having two strong spines.

19. A. Clarazian us Savuss.—Niger, sericeus; capite rufo vel obseuro;
capite et thorace superne rugose punctatis ; pronoti angulis emarginatis,
lobatis; post-scutello valde cristato, emarginato; metathorace postice
excavato, canthis peracutis marginato, utrinque spina et infere dente
armato; antennis nigris; pronoti margine postico, macula subalari,

174 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

tegulis, fascia scutelli et post-scutelli, metanoti angulis adominisque
segmentorum 1-3 margine, pallide flavis; alis antice fusco-marginatis.
%. Clypeo bidentato luteo.

Anc. Clarazianus Sauss. Rev. de Zool., 1870, 55, 3, 9 %.

?. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
%- Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

2. Body stubbed. Head rather large, the vertex transverse,
not convex; ocelli set in depressions. ‘Thorax slightly convex;
prothorax having each of its angles extended into a lamellar
rounded process, which is separated from the anterior margin by
a wide notch. Disk of mesothorax parted by a longitudinal
groove, and posteriorly bicarinate; the carine sinuous, terminating
at the angles of the scutel. Scutel parted by a groove and
separated from the mesothorax and post-scutel by deep furrows.
Post-scutel truncate, elevated into a high crest, rather concave
behind; the crest broadly emarginate, forming two nearly trian-
gular lamellar teeth. Metathorax much excavated, margined
with very sharp edges; the lateral angles produced iuto strong
spines, the upper arcuated edges very salient, rather crested; the
inferior edges forming on their lower part, each a triangular
tooth. Head and thorax above coarsely and roughly punctate ;
thorax on the sides and behind finely punctate and covered with.
silky, silvery pile. Abdomen short, finely punctured, silky, with
gray-golden reflections, the first segment nearly as wide as =
second, short, its suture transverse, very distinct.

Black. Antenne black, the 1st and 2d joints rufous beneath ;
head and mandibles rufous or orange-red, about the antenne and
a little on the vertex black. Anterior margin of the prothorax
very delicately rufous; posterior margin of prothorax, a spot
beneath the wing, a band on the scutel and one on the hinder
part of post-scutel, the angles of metathorax, and the inferior
edges, pale yellow; the crest of post-scutel also yellow, finely
margined with black on its hinder face. Tegule rufous, margined
with pale yellow; the process next to them yellow. The first
three abdominal segments adorned with a regular yellow margin;
the first narrow, fusing on each side into a little lateral spot; the
second widest, the third narrowest. Feet brown or passing into
ferruginous ; tibie, the 1st and 2d anteriorly, and the extremity
of 2d femora, marked with yellow. Wings hyaline; anterior
margin and radial cell brown.

ODYNERUS. 175

Var. The head more or less obscure, passing into black or
quite brick-red.

2. Clypeus pyriform, coarsely punctate, terminating with two
small brown approximating teeth.

*%. Head blackish or black; orbits rufous; inner margin of the
eyes, a frontal spot, and a line on the mandibles, pale yellow;
the scape at times with a yellow line; clypeus polygonal, strongly
bidentate, pale yellow. Anterior femora and tibie yellowish
before (Bahia Blanca).

* The male is described from a southern specimen, which may be
the reason of its black head. Specimens from Buenos Ayres may
have the head red like the females?

Ress. a. diff.—This is a quite distinct species in the form of
the thorax. It has also a different appearance from all other
Ancistrocerus.

Hab. The Argentine Republic, 5 9, 4 %. Buenos Ayres
(Meyer Diirr),1°,3%. Bahia Blanca (G. Claraz).

D. Form very stubbed. Thorax cubical, nearly as long as wide.

20. A. Diremimaculatus Savss.—Crassus et brevis; tenuiter
punctatus; clypeo flavo, 9 truncato, % bidentato; thorace brevi,
quadrato; metanoti foveola acutissime marginata, utrinque et superne
angulos dentiformes efficiente; macula frontali et post-oculari, fascia in
scapo antennarum, pronoti limbo late, tegulis, seutello, post-scutello
macula subalari et utrinque metathoracis pedibusque, flavis; abdomine
lato, conico, segmentorum margine punctato, late flavo-limbato, secundo
sepius utrinque macula flava; primi fascia utringue antrorsum dilatata.

Odynerus birenimaculatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 135, 16, 9, var.

Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

2. Large and very stubbed. Form very short and very wide.
Clypeus wider than long, truncate, finely punctured. Thorax
stout, very wide, cubical, a little longer than wide. Prothorax
not angular; mesothorax marked posteriorly with two profound
grooves. Post-scutel short, truncate, having a sort of ridge,
blunted in the middle. Metathorax very wide; its posterior
plate wide, quite flat, finely shagreened, very angulate, and
bordered all around by some very trenchant ridges, which form
on each side a spiniform angle and on the summit two sharp
teeth. Head and thorax very densely and jinely punctured.

176 HYMENOPTERA UF AMERICA. [PART I.

Abdomen wide and conical; the first segment short, as wide as
the 2d, elevated at the suture; its superior surface often longi-
tudinally striate along the suture; the border of the segment
distinctly punctured ; that of the 2d insensibly reflexed.

Insect black, strongly mingled with yellow. Mandibles brown
at the extremity. Clypeus yellow, at times adorned with a little
brown dot. Antenne black, with the scape yellow before and the
flagellum ferruginous beneath at its base. A spot on the front,
one behind each eye, a wide border on the prothorax, a spot
below ‘the wing, wing scale, scutel, post-scutel, two arcuate spots
occupying the angles of the metathorax, and a wide border on
every segment of the abdomen, yellow; these borders regular;
that of the Ist segment joined to two oblique lateral spots; the
2d ornamented on each side by an oblique spot, sometimes
separated, sometimes confounded with the border. Anus yellow.
Feet yellow, thighs obscure at their base; cox spotted with
yellow. Wings transparent, a little smoky along the side and
toward the end, with a light violet reflection.

Var. a. Seutellum having but one yellow interrupted band.

b. No yellow lateral spots on the 2d segment.

c. The border of the 2d segment festooned in consequence of
the fusion with the lateral spots.

d. The yellow ornaments passing into orange.

*%. Same size as the 9. Extremity of the antenne and their
hook ferruginous; clypeus bidentate. Mandibles yellow. Scu-
tellum divided by a groove. Yellow ornaments narrower, often
interrupted on the scutel; lateral spots of the first two segments
small. Anus only spotted with yellow. (The border of the first
segments in general regular, only confounded on each side with a
yellow dot.)

Var. Size small, length 11 mm.; wing 8 mm.

Ress. a. diff.—This beautiful species is very distinct in its very
stubbed form, in its size, in its cubieal and jinely punctured
thorax, not cribrose with holes, in the exceptional width of its
yellow markings. It can, however, be confounded with the Ody-
nerus Catskillensis, from which it may be distinguished by the
yellow clypeus of the female, by the much richer ornamentation,
by the notably more stubbed form, and by the two oblique yellow
spots of the first segment which mingle themselves with the border;
by the elevated and truncate post-scutel and by its superior size,

ODYNERUS. LT

The O. birenimaculatus differs from the O. Spinolz by its
very much more densely punctured and not smooth body, by its
transparent wings, by the margin of the 2d segment which is
densely punctured, by the first segment which ts wider, by its -
stubbed form, etc.; from the O. campestris and unifasciatus by
the very much more densely and less coarsely punctured thorax,
by the form. of the metathorax, by the less coarsely punctured
margin of the 2d segment, etc.

Finally, the O. birenimaculatus offers a great resemblance also
to the 0. renimacula of Kurope, although its form is very much
more stubbed than that of this last species.

Hab. New England. New York. 24 9, 3 %.

II. The concavity of the metathorax forms no distinct lateral
angles.

Here the posterior plate is often rugose. It is at times still
bordered at the summit by some ridges or one double arch;
sometimes it is not limited, especially not on the sides, where it is
effaced and lost in the sides of the metathorax. The concavity
is often formed by the meeting of two convex facettes.

A. Posterior face of metathorax remaining margined, but with-
out distinct angles. Body slender, elongate.

a. Post-scutel strongly truncate.

2. A. comspicuus Savss.—Gracilis, niger, ubique punctatus; capite
et thorace crassissime et rugose punctatis ; prothorace antice cristato,
angulato, post-scutello valde truncato, facie postica polita ; metathorace
utrinque haud angulato, foveola levi, tenuiter marginata, abdomine
dense punctato; primo segmento minuto, acute suturato; antennarum
scapo subtus, puncto frontali et subalari, pronoti abdominisque segmen-
torum 1, 2 limbo postico, fascia interrupta scutelli, fascia post-scutelli,
lineaque femorum intermediorum, luteis. ©.

Ancistrocerus conspicuus Sauss. Rev. et Mag de Zool., IX, 1857, 247.

Total length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 7 mm.

®. As slender as a Stenancistrocerus. Head and thorax very

roughly punctured. Clypeus very coarsely punctured, finely bi-

carinate at tip and minutely bidentate. Head margined poste-

-riorly. Vertex having a tubercle garnished with an erect brush

of hair. Thorax scarcely contracted posteriorly, very square
12

178 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

anteriorly; the prothorax with a crested margin, its angles
dentiform, acute. Post-scutel very short, strongly truncate; its
posterior face flat, polished; its superior face rough, transverse ;
its posterior ridge very finely crenulate, the middle with a very
small compressed tubercle. Metathorax coarsely cribrose, silky-
grayish, its hinder face widely excavated, as polished as the
posterior face of post-scutel, somewhat punctate, finely margined;
the margins forming behind the post-scutel two quite small erect
teeth (not easy to distinguish); no distinct lateral angles.
Abdomen slender, slightly depressed; the first segment small,
shortly and quite sharply truncate anteriorly; the suture elevated ;
its superior face short, rather strongly punctured; 2d segment
not quite so strongly punctured, its hinder margin with a line of
punctures, the following segments densely punctured.

Black; grayish-silky. Mandibles partly fulvous; antenne
ferruginous beneath, scape yellow beneath. Two dots on the
summit of clypeus, a frontal spot, and post-ocular line, pale yel-
low. Hinder margin of prothorax with a narrow luteous band;
its angles, appendix of wing scale, a spot under the wing, an
interrupted fascia on scutel, a transverse line on the hinder face
of post-seutel, and two large macule on the hind face of meta-
thorax, pale yellow. The first two abdominal segments narrowly
margined with luteous. Intermediate femora with a luteous line.
Anterior tibiz and tarsi brown or ferruginous. Wings hyaline,
smoky, nerves and anterior margin of the apex fuscous; the 2d
recurrent nerve falling nearly upon the 2d transverse cubital vein.

Var. Anterior margin of prothorax also margined with luteous.

Ress. a. diff—This is quite a distinct species and a peculiar

type, making a sort of transition to Stenodynerus by its slender

form, and its punctate abdomen, having the Ist segment more
punctured than the second. The form of the scutel, post-scutel,
and metathorax is quite unusual, and the very coarsely punctured
thorax makes it at once distinguishable.

Its livery much resembles that of the A. Fariasi, but it differs

from this in all its form and its punctures; in the first segment’.

being very short and truncate, its superior face quite transverse ;

the scutel trancate, not triangular; the punctures of thorax and .

head being much coarser, etc. It has also a resemblance to O.
(Stenodynerus) totonacus.

|

ODYNERUS, 179

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. I caught a ? near
Cordova.

b.. Post-scutel not truncate, angulate posteriorly.

This type has the post-scutel formed much as in Stenancistro-
cerus, but the form of the abdomen remains as in the division
Ancistrocerus, and the appearance remains also as in this group,
so that we have to leave it in the division Ancistrocerus, prop.
dict. .

22. A. cimgulatus Savuss.—Gracilis, niger, nitidus, sulfureo-pictus,
pronoti angulis in processus 2 productis, antennis subtus et basi flavis;

' abdominis segmentis 1, 2 late flavo-marginatis; primo antice truncato,
sutura prominula, fascia flava utrinque aucta marginato.—? %. Cly-
peo truncato, flavo.

Odynerus cingulatus Cresson, Hymen. of Cuba, Ent. Proc., Phila., II,
1865, 162, ?.
*. Total length, 9 mm.; wing,.7.5 mm.
more Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

Rather small. Form slender, elongate. Head and thorax
punctured. Angles of prothorax strongly produced into blunt
processes. Scutel and post-scutel flattened, the former parted
by adeep groove. Metathorax rounded, rather roughly punctate;
its concavity strigose; bordered by a rather distinct salient line,
but its angles obsolete and destitute of teeth. Abdomen delicately
punctured, most distinctly on the first segment and the border
of the others; 2d segment somewhat swelled above; the first
segment narrower than the second; its suture elevated.

Shining black. Antenne black, with their first two joints and
the under side yellow. A triangle on the forehead, a line behind
the eye, a broad fascia on the edge of prothorax, a spot under
the wing, the scutel, and post-scutel, yellow. The first two
abdominal segments with a broad yellow margin; the fascia of
the first widened on each side. Feet yellow; coxe and hinder
femora except at tip, black, intermediate cox yellow anteriorly.
Wings clouded, principally at the end; the anterior margin as
far as the stigma ferruginous.

2%. Clypeus polygonal, longer than wide, yellow; its inferior
border narrowly truncate, tenuously margined with black. Man-
dibles dentate; ferruginous, or yellowish, black at base and tip.

180 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Hab. Cuba. Sent to me by Dr. Gundlach.
This species is very distinct, but by its appearance might be
confounded with O. Havanensis, which has quite a differently -

formed abdomen, having the angles acute, but not so much pro-

duced, and the clypeus notched.

‘ Its slender form makes it resemble O. tigris, although it is
very different in the produced angles of prothorax and rounded
metathorax.

B. Metathorax not distinctly marginate. Body not slender, of
normal form.

a. Abdomen nearly conical. The border of the 2d segment not reflexed. .
Body velutinous.

23. A. Parredesi Savss.—Niger, velutino-hirsutus, argenteo-sericeus ;
antennis subtus ferrugineis ; puncto frontali, pronoti medio et tegulis
in margine, ferrugineis; abdominis segmentis 2-5 flavo-marginatis ;
secundo in margine valde punctato; alis ferrugineis, apice griseo-nebu-
losis. —Q. Clypeo infere ferrugineo-maculato.

Odynerus Parredes Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool., IX, 1857, 273.

Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 10.5 mm.

Appearance of the O. nasidens. Clypeus convex, quite finely
punctured ; its inferior border truncate, short, and bordered with
a salient rim. Prothorax angulate: its angles almost dentiform.
Metathorax having its posterior plate punctate and striate,
bordered by slightly salient ridges; its superior ridges arcuate
in the form of the end of an arch, not forming any superior angle,
and on each side only a blunt, indistinct angle. Post-seutel
blunted, punctate. Abdomen conical; . the first segment wide,
anteriorly truncate; its suture distinct. .

Insect black, finely punctured, rather more strongly on the
metathorax; all the body covered with a thick velvety pile,
silvery and a little golden; the abdomen shining velutinous, with
silky and golden reflections, the 2d segment quite strongly pune-
tured along its border, but not channelled. The antenne ferru-
ginous beneath, as also a spot toward the base of the clypeus. A
dot between the antenne, a line in the middle of the prothorax,
and the border of the wing scale fawn-colored or ferruginous.
Segments of the abdomen, all except the first, adorned with a

ODYNERUS. 181

regular yellow border. Legs black, varied often with ferruginons.
Wings ferruginous with the end gray.

Var. The yellow passing into ferruginous and the ferruginous
into yellow.

ess. a. diff.—This species wonderfully resembles those which
form the group of the O. nasidens, but it is sufficiently distinct
from it in the presence of the suture of the first segment of the
abdomen. It is also more slender.

Hab. The temperate climes of Mexico. Valley of the Mex-
tillan. 4 9: 3

b. Abdomen more ovalo-conical ; the border of the 2d segment rugose or
reflexed.
(Section I, b, Saussure Vespides, I, 139.)
Group of the Odynerus unifasciatus.

24. A. wumifasciatus Savss.—Gracilis, niger, cribri instar punctatus;
abdominis secundi segmenti margine canaliculato, subreflexo, perru-
goso; antennissubtus ferruvineis ; puncto frontali et post-oculari, macula
biloba pronoti, post-scutello et abdominis primi segmenti margine, flavis.
—?. Clypeo flavo-bipunététo.— % . Clypeo, mandibulis et abd. secundi
segmenti, limbo, flavis.

Variat. 9 secundo % tertio et quarto abd. segmento flavo-limbato.

Odynerus uncinatus! Say, Boston Journ., I, 1837, 286, 4. Say’s Entom.
(LE Corte), II, 766, 4.
Odynerus unifasciatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 138, 21; III, 205.

©. Total length, 14-15 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*%,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8. ~

?. Form slender. Head and thorax cribrose with great
separated punctures. Clypeus convex, strongly punctured, widely
pyriform, terminated by two very small, near together and diverg-
ing teeth. Head strongly and densely punctured. Thorax quite
lengthened, a little retracted posteriorly, éverywhere strongly
eribrose with foraminiform punctures. Prothorax finely bordered,
without angles. Mesothorax presenting two grooves on its hinder
part. Metathorax very rugose above, reticulately shagreened,
corrugated; its concavity quite flat, indistinctly striate and
Peaiate, without spines on the sides, superiorly bordered by an

tit. is Evidently not the 0. untfasctatus Which Fabricius described
under the name of Vespa uncinata, which is rather the JJonobia 4-dens,
because he says that all its markings are snowy-white, and that the size
is that of the Vespa maculata.

182 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

arcuate trenchant ridge. Abdomen slender; first segment a little
narrower than the 2d, distinctly truncate anteriorly, subpedicu-
late at the base, with the anterior face smooth; the superior face

slightly widened behind, bounded before by a strong sutural ~

ridge, very distinct. The abdomen very finely punctured, but
the 3d and following segments rather strongly so, and especially
the border of the 2d segment offering a wide zone, very strongly
eribrose, rugose, subchannelled, with subturned up border. Near
the margin of the Ist segment one sees also a line of punctures.

Insect black, clothed with gray-ferruginous hair. Two lateral
dots on the clypeus, one behind each eye, a mark on the front,
yellow or ferruginous; a bilobate spot in the middle of the pro-
thorax and post-scutel, wholly or partly yellow. Wing scales
brown. Abdomen wholly black; only the first segment adorned
with a yellow border, suddenly widened on the sides (or joined
with two lateral spots). Tibi and tarsi ferruginous or yellow;
antenne ferruginous beneath, black above, with the scape at times
wholly ferruginous at the base. Wings of a transparent brown,
with violet reflections, particularly obscure along the nervures.

Var. A spot beneath the wings and a border on the 2d abdo-
minal segment, yellow.

%. Smaller. Antenne very large, terminated by a little
hook; clypeus yellow, with a triangular notch; labrum and man-
dibles before, yellow; post-scutel yellow, or only bipunctate with
yellow; the 2d abdominal segment a little compressed at the
base, bordered with yellow; its margin a little sinuate, concave
arcuate in the middle above, more or less rétroussé, compressed ;
the 3d and 4th segments often adorned with a fine yellow edging.
The border of the Ist segment often presents a little of red; some-
times a little widened on the sides. With this species the orna-
ments are yellow-golden or sub-orange.

Var. a. A yellow dot under the wing. Border of the prothorax
entire, bilobate. j

b. %. Post-scutel black. On the abdomen only two narrow
borders. (Illinois.) :

c. %. Head and thorax entirely black; mandib.es margined
with yellow; Ist abd. segment narrowly, 2d very narrowly bor-
dered with yellow. (Florida.) ,

Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus is quite easy to recognize by the
very rugose and channelled border of the 2d segment; by the

ODYNERUS. 183

unique bordering of the first segment, although certain females

possess a second band like the males; by its obscure face; by its

slender form, by its abdomen which is not briefly sessile, and the
thickness of the border of the first segment of the abdomen, which
causes the 2d segment to appear so subcompressed at its base.

See the O. campestris, to which it is closely allied.

Hab. The United States. Connecticut. Illinois. Iowa.

Prairies (Rio Pecos). Tennessee. North Carolina. 10 9; 12%.

Observation.—Among the dried specimens one generally finds
the abdomen extremely swelled, as if the segments had been
violently distended. ‘This peculiarity belongs especially to this

Species and gives it an unusual appearance.

25. A. campestris Sauss.—Niger, grosse punctatus; metanoti foveola
haud acute marginata, inermi, striata et grosse punctata; abdominis
segmentorum 2i-5i margine rugose punctato; antennis subtus fulvis,
-scapo flavo-lineato; clypeo Q fiave, macula atra, % emarginato, flavo;
puncto frontali et post-oculari, pronoti et abd. segmentorum 1i—34 limbo

(primi utringue aucto), post-scutello, maculis 2 seutelli maculaque sub-
alari, tibiis et tarsis, flavis; alis fusco-nebulosis.

Odynerus campestris Sauss. Vespides, I, 137, 18; III, 204, %.

Q. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

?. Head and thorax cribrose with great pits, quite visible to
the naked eye. Clypeus pyriform, as wide as long, cribrose with
great punctures; its anterior border small, bordered, subconcave,
upon the vertex often a little fossette. Prothorax unarmed, finely
bordered. Mesothorax marked with two grooves; scutel flat;
post-scutel short, sloping. Metathorax rounded, rugose; its eon-
cavity pronounced, but not limited; divided by a vertical carina
which bifurcates at the summit to form two ares which indistinetly
border the cavity at the summit; the middle and the bottom of
the coneavity wrinkled; the summit coarsely punctured. Abdo-
men ovalo-conic, punctured; the first segment large, almost as
wide as the 2d; borders of the segments 2—5 presenting a wide
coarsely punctured zone, rugose, but not turned up; the border
of 2d segment sinuous, forming & concave are.

Insect black, clothed with a grayish pile. Antenne ferrugi-
nous beneath. Clypeus yellow, with a triangular black spot.
A line on the scape of the antenne, a spot on the front, one
behind each eye, border of the prothorax, a spot beneath the
wing, wing scales, two dots on the scutel, post-scutel, and a

184 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

border upon segments 2-5 of the abdomen, knees, tibiz, and
tarsi yellow; the first segment of the abdomen having its border
widened upon the sides, or rather, confounded with two lateral
spots; border of the 8d much narrowed. Wings transparent,
but washed with brown-violet especially along the borders.

Var. Clypeus black with four yellow spots, segments 4 and 5
of the abdomen with no yellow border.

%. Clypeus emarginate, yellow; mandibles yellow.

I possess a male very closely allied to A. unifasciatus %,
having also the margins of the 2d and 3d segments sinuous and
coarsely punctured. But it differs from this species in the smaller
hook of the antenne, in the metathorax, wholly rugose; even on
its concavity, which is less defined and not striate; in the first
abdominal segment, which is parted by a quite strong longitudinal
groove, and in the 2d segment more compressed at its base. It
has the same markings, unless the prothorax has a little less of
yellow in the middle. As this $ has the metathorax rounded and
the wings slightly washed with brown, it seems that it cannot
but belong to the O. campestris, unless it represents a species
which may have escaped us.

It differs sometimes from the O. campestris in its scutellum
deprived of spots and in the groove of the first segment which
approaches to it, as well as the smallness of the antennary hook
of the Symmorphus.

Ress. a. diff.—This species has the appearance of the O.
parietum. It can be confounded not only with the Ancistrocerus
of this group, but with different Odyneri, properly speaking.

It differs from the O. unifasciatus in its more stubbed form, its
less violet wings, the less upturned border of the 2d abdominal
segment, and in its livery, more rich in yellow (spot beneath the
wing, spots on the scutellum, ete.); from the O. capra in its
metathoracie excavation without border, in its smaller size, its
more obscure wings, and the strong rugosities of the border of
the 2d and 3d segment, etc.; from the O. Spinole, in the same
characters, except that the wings of this last species are darker.

Hab. The United States. Pennsylvania. Illinois. Carolina.
Connecticut (7 2).

26. A. tuberculiceps Savcss.—Niger, grosse punctatus, piloso-velu-
tinus ; mandibulis, clypeo, oculorum marginibus, pedibus, pronoto,
tegulis, seutellis, maculis subalaribus et metanoti, rufis ; antennis rufis,
superne apicem versus nigris; abdomine rufo, segmentis flavo margi-

ODYNERUS. 185

natis, 19 et 20 basi nigrescentibus ; secundi margine perrugoso, maxime
canaliculato, et reflexo; alis ferrugineis apice inquinatis.—%. Clypeo
flavo, bidentato; vertice tuberculo nitido instructo.

Odynerus tuberculocephalus! Sauss. Vespides, I, 139, 22; pl. xvi, fig. 9,
10a.
Odynerus tuberculiceps, Ibid. III, 205.
?. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*,. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

Clypeus pyriform, strongly punctured, truncate, and subbiden-
tate at the extremity. Head strongly and densely punctured.
Behind the ocelli is a little, indistinct tubercle, shaped like a 4th
ocellus. Anterior ocellus very large. Thorax cribrose with large
distinct points. Angles of the prothorax a little prolonged, sub-
dentiform; scutellum divided by a groove. Concavity of the
metathorax appearing punctured or rugosely striate, according
to the way in which it is seen, with the borders perfectly rounded;
there is only a little border at the summit in a feeble arch.
Abdomen punctured; the Ist segment narrower. than the 2d,
bordered by a slightly salient cordon; the 2d having its margin
very strongly annulate, very strongly upturned, and very rugose,
a little sinuate in the middle.

Insect clothed with long gray or ferruginous hair, abdomen
velvety. Head and thorax black. Mandibles, clypeus, a dot
upon the front, border of the eyes, interrupted at the summit,
prothorax, scutel, wing scales, two spots beneath the wings and
two others on the metathorax, of a ferruginous red. Mesothorax
with two red lines. Abdomen ferruginous, with the base of the
second segment and the anterior face of the first, blackish.
Posterior border of all the segments margined with yellow, but
this color often passing into ferruginous on the last segments.
Legs ferruginous; femora black or spotted with ferruginous.
Antenne red, with the second moiety black above. Wings
washed with ferruginous, with the end brownish.

%. Notably smaller. Clypeus bidentate, notched, yellow, as
well as the mandibles and a line on the scape of the antenne ;
the flagellum with more of black; hook very small, ferruginous.
Tubercle on the vertex very much larger than that of the female,
distinct and shining. Concavity of the metathorax punctured,
with little or no superior border. Abdomen a little more com-

1 Nomen mendvosum,

186 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. | [part i.

pressed at the base of the second segment, the middle of segments
Ist, 2d generally black, the red less developed. Legs often varied
with yellow.

Var. The middle of the prothorax a little yellow. The black
encroaching upon the red. The scutels often black, bordered
with zed; the metathorax also often wholly black; the sculpture
of this last appears also to vary somewhat; at times the red is
more developed. Metathorax red; flanks varied with red.

Ress. a. diff.—V arious Odynerus, properly speaking, are often
identical in color with this. Such are the O. Moreliz and Guer-
reri, but they may be sufficiently distinguished from it by the
absence of the tubercle on the vertex and of the suture upon the
lst segment.

The O. tuberculiceps hardly differs from the O. Sutterianus,
but by a less brilliant livery and by its prothorax slightly retracted
and angles less salient.

Hab. The temperate regions and the plateau of Mexico. I
have found this Odynerus common in the. most various localities.
In the eastern Cordillera; in the valleys of Orizaba and of Jalapa,
of Uvero; in the Sierra Madre; in the valley of Mextillan; in
Huasteca on the Pacific slope, and in the province of Mechoacan,
about Morelia, Tuxpan, Zinapecuaro, Patzcuaro, and finally on
the plateau in the valley of Mexico. 169,18 %.

23. A. Sutterianus n. sp.—Niger, O. tuberculicipiti simillimus; ver-
tice tuberculato, pronoto valde biangulato; abdominis secundi segmenti
margine canaliculato, rngoso, reflexo; antennis aurantiis, apice supra
nigris; ore, clypeo, fascia post-oculari, frontis macula et lineolis 4,
pronoto antice; tegulis, macula subalari, post-scutello, maculis 2 seu-
telli, tibiis tarsisque, sulfureis; abdomine sulfureo, segmentis 19, 29,
basi nigris; alis ferrugineis, apice griseis.

Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

9. Form and punctures exactly like those of the O. tubercu-
liceps ; ciypeus pyriform, finely bidentate. The same tubercle
on the vertex, appearing like a fourth ocellus, but the prothorax
not retracted before, more square; the angles alone very salient,
diverging and prolonged, perhaps bluntly terminated, not forming
a sharp spine; the abdomen a little more slender; the margin
of the 2d segment a little less strongly upturned; the border of

i Seadillipee Ss ratings

—

ODYNERUS. 187

the first segment preceded by a little stronger zone of punctures
and its suture a little more salient. Border of segments 2-4
sinuate in the middle.

Insect black, clothed with yellowish hair. Mandibles and
elypeus yellow; this last very finely bordered with black and
often offering on the summit a vertical black line. A line behind
the eyes, a spot on the front, and a little vertical line on their inner
border beneath the ocular sinus; these are black. Anterior
border of the prothorax widely yellow; the yellow often
encroaching upon the surface and extending along its hinder
borders. Tegule, a spot beneath the wing, post-scutel, two
spots on the scutel, yellow. Abdomen wholly yehow; the arte-
rior face of the first segment black, as well as « depression at the
base of the second and often a widened mark behind, on the first,
Legs yellow, coxe and femora black. Antenne orange; the
scape before yellow and the last third black, or obscure above.
Wings ferruginous, with the end gray. The markings are of a
sulphur-yellow.

Var. Scape of the antenne yellow with a black line above.

%. Smaller. Clypeus yellow, bidentate. Antenne large,
terminated by a small hook. Angles of prothorax very salient ;
border of 2d segment very rugose, more strongly reflexed; Ist
and 2d segment with a great black square notch (variable), the
following segments black, bordered with yellow. Anus black.

Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus may be almost considered as a
California variety of the O. tuberculiceps, in which the red
markings have passed into yellow, all becoming reduced; the
metathorax being black, ete. This insect presents, like the O.
sulfureus and like the Californian Polistes, a striking example of
the local influence of California which tends to give to insects a
uniform sulphur-yellow color by the augmentation in extent of
the yellow ornaments and the reduction of the deeper color.

Hab. California. I owe twenty individuals to the kindness of
Mr. Sutter and of Mr. Berton.

* 28. A. pilosus Savuss.—Niger, longe nigro-pilosus, hirsutus ; pronoto
angulato, metanoto utrinque tenuissime bidentato; primi abdominis
segmenti sutura in facie antica sita; 2'segmenti margine valde punctato ;
puncto frontali, pronoti margine, fascia interrupta in scutello et in post-

188 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

scutello, tegulis, abdominisque segmentorum 1’, 2! margine, albidis; alis
vix infumatis.—%. Clypeo albido truncato.

Odynerus pilosus Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 218, 111 (1854).

Hab. Peru. (Type in the museum of Paris.)

c. Abdomen not as sessile; its first segment narrowed, distinctly narrower than
the second, which is in the shape of a hawk’s bell, with a reflexed margin.
Metathorax not excavated in the form of a wide cavity, but of a wide
channel.

29. A. Aristae Savss.—Medius, niger, argenteo-sericeus; puncto frontali
et post-oculari flavo; thorace punctato; pronoto valde biangulato, in
medio flavo-notato; metanoto convexo, in medio canaliculato-diviso ;
abdomine haud sessili, primo segmento late infundibuliformi sutura
angulata, secundo ventricoso, margine maxime canaliculato, rngoso et
reflexo; segmentis omnibus flavo-marginatis; alis ferrugineis.—%.
Clypeo flavo, bidentato; antennis subtus ferrugineis, scapo flavo-fasciato.
Odynerus Ariste Sauss. Revue Zool., IX, 1857, 274.

*%,. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm..
Size moderate. Form wide, stubbed. Prothorax armed on

each side with a strong tooth, its anterior border wide and turned
up. Post-scutel blunt. Metathorax forming two convexities,

_ swelled, separated by a profound striate furrow, which is divided

by a vertical carina; the convexities bordered exteriorly by the
lateral edge of the metathorax which is prolonged as far as its
inferior extremity. Abdomen quite misshaped; the first segment
widely bell-shaped, the suture very distinct, not being straight,
but forming in the middle an angle directed backward; its
superior face short and wide, the posterior border formed by a
cordon, along which is a line of punctures. Second segment
widened and a little retracted posteriorly in the form of a hawk’s
bell; its posterior border very strongly canaliculate, very strongly
upturned, undulating in the middle. Head densely, thorax more
strongly but less densely punctured. First segment of the
abdomen slightly punctured near its border; the second segment
very much so toward its hinder part, and cribrose with rugose
punctures in its strong flutings; the following segments having
the borders punctured, especially in the middle.

Insect black; all its body covered with a beautiful silvery
velvet pile, above all on the abdomen which has beautiful reflec-

ODYNERUS. 189

tions. A spot on the front, one behind the eye, a little line in
the middle of the prothorax, yellow. Tegule black, bordered
with brown. All the segments of the abdomen regularly margined
with yellow; the first carrying but one narrow yellow band; the
second widely bordered. Legs black, knees, tibie, and tarsi
varied with ferruginous. Wings washed with yellowish, with the
end grayish.

%. Clypeus yellow, wider than long, notched in a half circle
and strongly bidentate; its teeth quite removed. Labrum and
mandibles yellow. Antenne black, terminated by a little hook,
ferruginous beneath, with a yellow line on the scape.

Ress. a. diff.—A species very distinct by its form, by the
angular suture of the first segment and by the very deep flutings
of the second; by its slightly sessile abdomen and its watery
reflections. By its velvety reflections, this species recalls the O.
Parredesi, but its forms are entirely different.

Hab. The temperate regions of Mexico. I took two males
about Yautepec in the south of the province of Mexico.

Division STENANCISTROCERUS.
SAUSSURE Vespides, I, Sect. 1, c, p. 140; III, Sec. 2, p. 129.

Form lengthened; body slender and cylindrical, rather than
depressed. Prothorax little retracted or none, angulate ;
abdomen cylindrical or campanulate, often little sessile.
First segment bell-shaped, rounded before, or cupuliform,
or inthe form of a truncate or subpediculate bell; ‘often
lengthened, its two faces frequently not being distinctly
separated, but passing from one to the other convealy ; the
suture variable, often irregular, etthér a little salient or
followed by a transverse fluting, often placed on the anterior
face. The whole insect strongly punciured; the abdomen
in most cases coarsely punctured.

The insects of this division are remarkable by their elonga-
tion, and by their cylindrical or compressed form. The elypeus
is generally narrower than in the Ancistrocerus, properly
speaking. The thorax is arched above, cribrose with great pune-
tures, and the grooves of the mesothorax, in general, wholly
wanting. The tegule are large and closely fitted, containing the
arch of the back, and behind these one sees an apophyse or

190 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L

appendix, and on each side of the scutel is a distinct depression.
While in the true Ancistrocerus the post-scutel is nearly always
truncate posteriorly, having a posterior face (with rare execep-
tions),’ in Stenodynerus it is not truncate but angulate posteriorly ;
the metathorax being produced a little beyond the post-scutel and
not so sharply truncate posteriorly, from which circumstance the
posterior angle of the post-scutel is not cut off. The posterior
plate of the metathorax never offers a basin regularly bordered
as in the true Ancistrocerus, and with spiniform angles. The
abdomen is in general strongly punctured;? the first segment
being also as much or more strongly punctured than those follow-
ing. This segment is sometimes convex, rounded, at times divided
into two distinct faces by the suture as with the true Odynerus;
but the superior face is often narrow and lengthened, not short
and wide as in the true Ancistrocerus.

The suture is often placed at once on the declivity of the ante-
rior face of the first segment. It is subject to become indistinct,
so that one does not know whether to consider it as a suture or
a simple line of rugosities. Among certain species one perceives
a double rugose line and between the two lines a sort-of fluting,
so that the segment appears to have two sutural lines.

The Sienancistrocerus have an appearance, which, when it is
known, permits one to distinguish them quite easily from the true
Ancistrocerus, the form being wider and more flattened. But
they resemble in so striking a manner certain Stenodynerus, that
one can confound them with these last, and there are very many
species of each group with forms so correspondent, that without
the presence or the absence of the suture at the base of the
abdomen, one would confound them specifically. (See the Ody-
nerus of the Division Stenodynerus.)

In fine, I will indicate as an empirical guide, what may serve
to distinguish the Ancistrocerus, properly called, from the
Stenancistrocerus; in the first the band on the 1st abdominal
segment is in general either regular or widened on the sides,
while in the second it is either regular or retracted on the sides.

1 Ancistrocerus cingulatus Cress.
® The species of South America, particularly those of Chili, often have
the abdowen feebly punctured.

ODYNERUS. 191

Table to assist in the determination of the species of Division
STENANCISTROCERUS.!

1. Wings fuscous.
2. Body black, ornaments luteous or yellow.

3. No separate spots on the second segment. 30. { Axtecus.

31. | quadrisectus.
3,3. Two separate spots on the second segment. 39. dejectus.
2, 2. Body black and rufous. 36. histrio.
1,1. Wings smoky or subhyaline.
2. The first abdominal segment rufous. 36. histrio. p14

9.A-f. Insect black and yellow (the fascia sometimes rufous).
4. Second abdominal segment with a yellow spot on each side.
5. Segments Ist and 2d only, margined with yellow.
6. Scutel yellow; first abdominal segment without separate
yellow spots, narrow. 33. obliquus.
6,6. Scutel black; segments 1 and Z with yellow spots, about
i 38. { secularis.p-2°%
cana ‘an 39. dejectus.
5,5. More than two segments margined with yellow.
Segments 1, 2,4, margined with yellow. 42. occidentalis.
Segments 1, 2,5, margined with yellow. 39. dejectus.
Segments 1-5 margined with yellow. 43. Paraensis.
4,4. Second abdominal segment without yellow spots.
5. First abdominal segment with a lateral spot on fascia ante-
37. ation p20!
40. ‘ Bravo. Us
5,5. First abdominal segment without lateral separate spot.
6. Only the first two abdominal segments margined with
yellow or luteous.
7. Anterior margin only of prothorax adorned with yellow.
Species of South America. 34. incommodus.
Species of Mexico. 40. Bravo.
{ ambiyuus.®

riorly.

Species of Chili.

f 35. \ scabriusculus.
7,7. Posterior margin of prothorax adorned with yellow.
32. Fariast.
6, 6. More than two yellow fascia.
7. Anterior margin of prothorax yellow. 41. Guzmani.
7. Posterior margin of prothorax yellow, or prothorax quite
black. 44. Sumichrasti.

7,

ene Sak Pe OA Le eee

' Compare also the tables of Division Ancistrocerus, prop. dict. (page
158), and of Division Stenodynerus.
® Vide supra, Division Ancistrocerus, prop. dict. p. 159, 9, et 162, 9.

192 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

1. Form lengthened. Metathorar prolonged horizontally behind
the post-scutel, then truncate vertically; offering above, in
the rear of the post-scutel, a sort of cavity limited poste-
riorly by a vertical plate divided by a fissure. First abdo-
minal segment entirely sessile, wide, distinctly truncate
anteriorly, so as to form a sharp transverse ridge, its
suiure indistinct, especially in the middle. Vertex of the
Semales offering two little mamme filled with hair. Males

‘nearly as large as the females.*

(Group of the O. guadrisectus.)

(Sauss. Vespides, I, p. 145, Sect. 24.—Division Pseudodynerus.
J Ibid. III, 220.) ;

30. A. Aztecus Sacss.—Gracilis, niger, nitidus, grosse foraminato-
punctatus; vertice arcubus duobus penicillatis instructo; metanoto
pone post-scutellum producto, postice foveolato, superne cristulam per
fissuram divisam ferente; abdomine dense punctato; antennis subtus
ferrugineis, scapo flavo-lineato; mandibulis, tibiis anticis, puncto fron-
tali; clypeo 9 lineolis 4, 4 omnino, pronoti et abd. segmentorum 1, 2
margine, post-scutello, macula subalari, metanoti punctis 6, et primi
segmenti puncto utringue, luteis; alis infuscatis violaceis.

Odynerus Aztecus Sauss. Revue de Zool., 1857, 275.

Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 15 mm.

9. A species closely allied to the O. 4-sectus, having the same
form, but smaller. Clypeus pyriform, very coarsely punctured,
with a depressed point, and carrying toward the apex a vertical
groove. Head and thorax polished, cribrose with great holes.
On the vertex, behind the ocelli, one sees two tubercles of brown
hair; or a double bush of hair surrounding a smooth space.
Anterior border of the prothorax slightly concave; its angles
sharp. Metathorax not retracted behind; its superior face
cribrose with strong punctures like the remainder of the thorax.
Its concavity smooth, excavated, finely punctured, with blunted
borders, except at its superior extremity, where it is terminated
by a little vertical plate. Abdomen quite slender; its first seg-

1 In the third volume of my Etudes sur la Fam. de Vespides, p. 220, I
have placed in this Division the O. luctuosus, but it would be better placed ~
in the Subgenus Odynerus. (See below the corresponding Section formed
by this species )

ODYNERUS. 195
ment cribrose with punctures of a little less size than those of the
thorax, its suture distinct; near to its border, a badly marked
depression. The remainder of the abdomen less strongly and
densely punctured; the punctures throwing forth some short,
gray hairs.

Insect black. Antenne ferruginous above. Mandibles before,
borders of the summit of the clypeus, two little lines toward its
base, a dot on the forehead, scape of the antenne before, border
of the prothorax, a large spot beneath the wing, a dot on the
wing scale and its posterior appendix and post-scutel, of a pale
yellow. One sees in addition, six yellow spots on the metathorax,
two at the sides of the post-scutel, two on the angles of its
posterior plate, and two lines at the top of its concavity. Segments
1, 2, ornamented with a border of the same color, narrow, sub-
marginal, and at times interrupted on the 2d segment; the first
adorned in addition with two lateral dots which at times join
themselves to the border. Legs black, tarsi brownish, anterior
tibize yellow before. Wings of a transparent brown with beauti-
ful violet reflections. .

%. Clypeus bidentate, yellow, with a very fine black edging

all around it. Vertex with no hairy tubercles. <A pale yellow
spot on the front. Hook of the antennee brownish.

Var. The yellow markings more or less extended; the border-
ing of the prothorax interrupted, and the concavity of the meta-
thorax bordered with whitish. |

Hab. The coast of Mexico. I caught 2% near Tampico.

31. A. quadrisectus Say.—Validus, gracilis, grosse foraminato-
punctatus; clypeo apice truncato; corpore albido-variegato; maculis
2 magnis pronoti, macula subalari, post-scutello, maculis 2 magnis

metanoti, abdominisque segmentorum, 1, 2' limbo, albidis; primo
superne albido, macula nigra; alis nigro-violaceis.

Odynerus quadrisectus Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 385, 1.—Sauss. Et.
Vespides, III, 206.!—Say’s Entom. (Lr Contr), II, 765, 1.

Odynerus Bellone Luren St. Farg. Hymen. II, 660, 40 (1841).—Savss.
Et. Vespid., I, 146, 82, pl. xvi, fig. 10, 2.

Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 16 mm.

' The variety fig. 1. c. pl: ix, fig. 9, e is quite a different species. Comp.
Monobia maxillaris.

13

'

194 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I

2. Of a shining black, closely allied to the form of the O.
Aztecus, but larger, and with the whitish markings more
developed. Upon the vertex two tubercles of brown hair. Body
equally cribrose with great punctures, but the metathorax insen-
sibly retracted behind; and its vertical plate a little more elevated.
The second segment a little more swelled above, so as to imitate
a sort of indistinct tubercle. Mandibles often spotted with
yellow at their base. Clypeus black, ornamented toward the top
with two lateral yellow lines, its inferior extremity truncate and
cut out into a furrow rather than a groove. A line on the scape
of the antennz, a spot on the forehead, two great triangular spots
on the prothorax, a spot beneath the wing, two dots on the wing
scales, post-scutel, two great slashed spots on the metathorax and
the border of the first two segments of the abdomen, whitish.
The first segment yellow above, with a triangular black spot or
having at least two lateral spots reunited with the bordering.
Wings brown with violet reflections.

%. Clypeus of the same form with that of the female, offering
at the summit a white are and below two white lengthened spots
(or almost entirely white); this color terminates toward the
bottom in four teeth and often presents in the middle a black dot.
Hook of the antenne ferruginous. No little hairy mamme on
the vertex.

Var. a. Two yellow spots on the scutellum.

b. Post-scutel black. Two yellow spots on the prothorax and
two on the metathorax; only two yellow spots on the border of
the second segment of the abdomen (Sauss. Vespides, IIT, pl. ix,
fig. 9). This last variety may be noted as like that of St. Marte
in Columbia, in South America. It may very well be a distinct
species from the O. 4-sectus.

Hab. The United States, especially at the South. I possess
specimens taken in Louisiana, Florida, Carolina, Tennessee,
Pennsylvania.

Ress. a. diff.—This species differs from the O. Aztecus, by
the entire border of the clypeus, by its black antenne and feet,
by its greater size, and by its always more extended ornaments.
These are in general whitish, at times of a pale golden. It bears
a great resemblance at times to the O. luctuosus.

ODYNERUS. 195

2. Form very slender. Metathorax not so distinctly produced
behind the post-scutel; its concavity large, limits rather
well defined. First abdominal segment elongate, bell-shaped,
having a distinct suture.

(Group of O. histrio.)

A. Kirst segment of the abdomen rather funnel-shaped or bell-
shaped, truncate anteriorly.

32. A. Fariasi Savuss.—Sat minutus, gracilis, foraminato-punctatus ;
pronoto bidentato, metathoracis foveola grosse punctata, angulata; ab-
dominis primo segmento infundibuliformi, basi truncato, secundo
angustiore; antennis et tarsis subtus ferrugineis; pronoti marginibus
tenuissime albido-limbatis, post-scutelli limbo antico, macula subalari,
lineolis 2 in metanoti canthis abdominisque vittis 2, albidis.—%. Cly-
peo albido, elongato, bidentato.

Odynerus Farias Sauss. Rev. de Zool., 1857, 1X, 274.

® %. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

?. Slender, lengthened. Head densely cribrose with great
punctures. Clypeus bearing some great shallow punctures,
strongly bicarinate toward the bottom. An impressed point on
the vertex. Thorax smooth, cribrose, with holes slightly sepa-
rated; metathorax rugose above. Prothorax scarcely retracted
before; its anterior border concave; its angles spiniform.
Metathborax retracted and slightly prolonged behind the post-
scutel, then truncate; its posterior plate forming rather a
truncation than a concavity; this plate a little triangular;
widened at the summit, retracted below, its form sharply defined,
although with little or no border; having its latero-inferior
borders armed with a trenchant edge directed backward, and which
terminates inferiorly in two strong teeth between which fits the
base of the abdomen; the contour of the cavity angulate, forming
on each side a sharp angle, but which is not detached in the form
of a tooth; the summit of the plate cribrose with great pune-
tures, but the lower portion is excavated into a striate furrow,
punctured, and divided by a. vertical carina. The whole plate
defined in a manner comparable to a double pentagon, character-
istic of the Ancistrocerts, properly called (comp. p. 157, ex. O.
capra), but here the pentagon is lengthened, higher than wide.
Abdomen lengthened, the first segment prolonged, bell-shaped,

196 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

but truncate before, narrower than the 2d segment; its superior
face lengthened trapezoidal, offering at times a trace of a longi-
tudinal groove; the suture distinct, placed on the anterior fourth
of the segment, but clearly separating the anterior and superior
faces. Second segment prolonged, slightly retracted at its base ;
its surface cribrose with great, ‘slightly separated, punetures,
more crowded toward the posterior extremity; the following
segments finely punctured. Border of the 2d segment not chan-
nelled.

Insect black, with some gray reflections. Antenne ferrugi-
nous beneath. A dot on the front, an edging ornamenting the
anterior and the posterior border of the prothorax, a line on each
side on the ridges of the metathorax, the anterior border of the
post-scutel and a spot beneath the wing, whitish, or pale-fawn
color. Posterior border of abdominal segments 1 and 2 orna-
mented by a whitish cordon; that of the 2d segment very slender.
Knees and tarsi slightly ferruginous. Wings hyaline or washed
with brown. Tegule bordered with ferruginous; their appendix
very wide, squamiform, yellow.

Var. Two spots or yellow lines on the summit of the clypeus.

%. Abdomen more rugose, also more of venter; the 2d seg-
ment more swelled, and more compressed at its base; no little
excavation on the vertex. Clypeus prolonged, terminated by
two blunt teeth, whitish; the carina of the front, the scape
beneath, and a line bordering the orbit as far as the bottom of
the sinus, whitish. Antenne fawn-colored beneath, with the last
articles black; the hook black, lengthened and arcuate.

ess. a. diff.—This species is very remarkable in the structure
of its metathorax. It approaches in its form to Symmorphus,
the first segment being narrower than the second and campanu-
late, and the metathorax being truncate as in the Symmorphus;
but it belongs distinctly to the subgenus Ancistrocerus, as is
evident from the absence of the distinct dividing groove of the
first abdominal segment, the cylindrical form of the thorax, the
prothorax not retracted, the kind of punctures, the pyriform
clypeus, and the presence of a large hook on the antenne of the
male ; the mesothorax offers no more longitudinal grooves; the
post-scutel is not rugose, nor the 2d segment smooth as with the
Symmorphus. It has quite the form of the O. incommodus, but

}

ODYNERUS. 197

is distinct from it in not having the border of the 2d segment at
all turned up.

Hal. The Mexican coast. Tampico and the barrancas of the
Cordillera. 15 9,128.

2s. A. obliquus Cress.—Niger, nitidus, sulfureo-multipictus ; anten-
nis basi flavis; pronoti angulis in dentem productis ; metanoto postice
planato; abdominis segmentis 1° 2° late flavo-marginatis; 2° basi flavo-
bimaculato; 1° valde punctato, valde angustiore quam secundum ; sutura
distincta; alis rugulosis, costa et stigmate ferruginescentibus; macula
radiali fusca.

Odynerus obliquus Cress. Philad. Ent. Proc., IV, 1865, 163.

Total length, 8.5 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.

%. Small, punctate, very shining. Head circular. Thorax
rather attenuated behind; prothorax square, polished; its angles
rather dentiform; scutels flattened, polished; metathorax polished,
but slightly punctate, flattened behind, destitute of lateral angles,
with the lateral carine not very sharp. Abdomen slender; the
first segment small, half as wide as the second, rather elongate-
bell-shaped, punctate like the thorax; bearing an obsolete
depression ; its suture very distinct. Second segment ovate, as
long as wide, with effaced or delicate punctures, subtuberculate
above.

Black, Antennee fulvous beneath; the first two joints yellow,
mandibles vellow; the forehead between the antenne, sinus of
the eye, and a broad margin behind them, sulphur-yellow; a
broad anterior margin on the prothorax; the large tegule, a
large spot beneath the wing, scutel, post-scutel, angles of meta-
thorax, a broad marginal fascia on the border of the first two
abdominal segments, and a spot on each side at the base of the
second segment, sulphur-yellow. Feet yellow; cox black, the
Ist and 2d pair yellow anteriorly ; posterior cox and femora
black. Wings subhyaline, cloudy, principally at the extremity,
with a dark cloud in the radial cell; the anterior costa and the
stigma rather ferruginous; sometimes the wing is ferruginous
With its apex smoky.

2. Clypeus pyriform, punctate, bidentate, yellow, with its apex
black.—%. Clypeus yellow, rounded-pentagonal, terminated by
two little triangular teeth, separated by a triangular notch. The
yellow margin of the second segment is wide and regular; that
of the first not so wide and rather narrowed on the sides.

198 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Ress. a. diff.—In its size and colors, this has rather the
appearance of O. cingulatus, but is very distinct from it in its more
slender body; its metathorax, without bordered cavity ; its narrow
first abdominal segment, with the yellow margin narrowed, not
widened at the sides, and in the two yellow spots of the 2d seg-
ment. These spots and the partly ferruginonsly tinged wings
distinguish it from all the other Stenancistrocerus.

fab. Cuba (Dr. Gundlach).

34. A. incommodus Savss.
Odynerus incommodus Savss. Vespides, I, 143, 29, $, 1852.

O. tolteco affinis species at diversa.

Hab. America meridionalis. Columbia (Typus in mus. Pari-
siensl).

B. First segment of the abdomen in form of a prolonged bell,
rather squarely-rounded, about as wide as the second seg-
ment, not contracted before.

a. First segment sharply truncate anteriorly.

35. A. scabriuscuius Spin.—Parvulus, niger, gracillimus, elongatus,
cylindricus, valde punctatus; clypeo 9 convexo, punctato, apice trun-
cato; thorace elongato, antice lato, bidentato; postice angustiore ; ubi-
que grosse punctato; metanoti rugosi foveola punctata marginibus rugo-
sis, superne canthis prominulis acutis marginata; his a post-scutello
per fissuram sejunctis; avdomine gracillimo, cylindrico; primo seg-
mento basi distincte truncato, supra grosse punctato; secundo elongato,
deuse punctato; haud latiore quam primum, margine hand rugoso ;
antennis subtus ferrugineis ; puncto frontali et oculari, pronoti marginis
antici fascia sinuata, macula subalari, tegulis, post-scutello, abdomi-
nisque segmentorum 1‘, 2: limbo albidis; tibiis extus albidis, Allis
hyalinis. Longit. 7.5 mm.

*,. Clypeo emarginato, albido; fascia in scapo et orbitarum margine in-
terno, albidis.

Odynerus scabriusculus Sprnoua, in Gay’s Hist. fisica de Chile. Zool., VI,
262.—Sauss. Vespides, I, 140,! 24; III, pl. xi, fig. 1,4.

Fab. Chili.
This Odynerus is remarkable by its very slender form and by
its first abdominal segment being sharply truncate, in such a

1 Page 141, in place of: ferrugineur, read fortement ponctyé.

ODYNERUS. 199

manner that there exists one anterior and one superior face, dis-
tinctly separated by a trenchant ridge which bears the indistinct
suture. This segment is not campanulate, but almost as wide
before as on its posterior border. The 2d segment is hardly
wider than the first.

b. Kirst abdominal segment more rounded anteriorly, rather like a square bell.
(Metathoraz slightly prolonged behind the post-scutel ; then truncate ; ‘ts
concavity rounded. Body rugose.) ;

36. A. Ihistrio Ler.—Gracillimus, rugosissime punctatus; metanoto
rugosissimo profunde foveolato, foveole canthis valde prominentibus
et acutis; niger, antennis, macula frontali et oculari, pronoto antice,
tegulis, macula subalari, post-scutello, metanoto utrinque, abdominis
primo segmento pedibusque rufis; alis cyanescentibus.

Variat. Post-scutello et abdominis segmentorum 1', vel 1‘, 2 margine,
amantiacis.

Odynerus histrio Lepr. St. Farg. Hyménopt. II, 638, 23? (1841).—Sauss.
Vespides, I, 208, 112; III, 242.
?Odynerus ammonia Sauss. Vespides, I, 144, 30 (1852).

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

2. Form very slender and lengthened. Clypeus pyriform,
rugose, terminated by a little biangulate border, appearing bi-
dentate, because of a terminal fossette. Head densely and strongly
punctate; thorax coarsely cribrose, with very large depressed
points; the punctures a little separated; prothorax slightly
retracted before, subangulate; metathorax retracted, rounded,
but its hinder plate very strongly excavated, offering a fossette,
punctured, rugose, bordered all around by very salient and
trenchant ridges, of which the summit is notched and sometimes
separated from the post-scutel by two grooves. First abdominal
segment lengthened, a little narrower than the 2d; its superior
face very rugose, as strongly cribrose as the thorax, but more
densely ; covered like the metathorax with enormous reticulate
rugosities, and offering a vague depression on its anterior part;
its irregular suture, placed but a little on the anterior face and
often followed by a fluting. Second segment prolonged and
slender, strongly punctured ; its border very coarsely punctured.

1 In the fig. cited, this segment is badly represented ; it has not this
rounded form,

2 Page 639, in place of 3 lines, read 5 lines.

200 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

Insect black. Mandibles, summit of the clypeus, the first two
or three articles of the antennz, a spot on the forehead, the inner
border of the orbits, or a spot in their sinus, a spot behind the
summit of the eye; two spots on the prothorax, tegule, a spot
under the wings, post-scutel, angles of the metathorax, first seg-
ment of the abdomen, and feet, red; bordering of the first two
segments of the abdomen, yellow. Wings brownish, with violet
reflections.

Var. a. Clypeus wholly red.

b. Second segment entirely black; only presenting an inter-
rupted border.

ce. The ridges which border the fossette of the metathorax
blunt, interrupted on the summit. The suture of the first seg-
ment effaced by the punctures. Punctures notably less coarse.
(In general, some small females with the 2d segment bordered
| malls yellow.) Wings only smoky toward the end.

. Sculpture very coarse. Clypeus punctate, shortly biden-
me pale yellow or orange. Scape of the antenne often adorned
with an orange line; the flagellum like that of the female, or
wholly black, or ferruginous beneath in its first moiety; hook
black. Size as with the female.

Var. A. Post-scutel yellow. The ornaments of the head and
those of the anterior part of the corselet, orange or yellow. Their
size variable.

B. Metathorax entirely red.

C. No yellow band on the first segment; its base black.

D. The prothorax almost entirely red.

E. Second segment adorned with two yellow dots. (The O. ~
ammonia. )

Ress. a. diff.—This species is distinct by the coarseness of the
punctures, by the strength of the ridges of the metathorax, and —
by the red ornaments of the body.

Hab. The Southern United States. Carolina. Florida, ete.
5 9,4 % (EH. Norton)..

Observation.—We have not before our eyes a specimen which
corresponds to our description of the O. ammonia Sauss., in which
the 2d abdominal segment is ornamented with two yellow spots
and the suture of the first very indistinct or wanting. We think,
however, that this Odynerus is but a variety of the O. histrio.

ODYNERUS. 201

3%. A. fulwipes Savss.—Niger, elongatus, cylindricus, crassissime
punctatus, flavo vel rufo multipictus, frequenter 9 macula wmesonoti
jlava; abdominis segmentis valde punctatis 19, 2°, limbo flavo; primo
insuper utrinque fasvia flava, et sutura elevata distincta; secundi
margine paulum canaliculato, paulum reflexo.

Odynerus flavipes Sauss. Vespides I, 142, 27 (Syn. excl.); pl. xvi, fig.
oe eo, LIT, 209;
Odynerus fulvipes Sauss. Vespides, III, 205 (1854).

Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

?. Form very slender, lengthened, cylindrical. Clypeus py-
riform, slightly truncate at the extremity, very coarsely cribrose,
_ especially toward the bottom. Head coarsely punctured. Thorax
quite cylindrical, arched, very coarsely cribrose. Prothorax
finely rimmed; its angles a little dentiform, directed forward.
Metathorax slightly prolonged behind the post-scutel ; its hinder
plate strongly concave in all its width, strongly punctured; its
borders a little trenchant or blunted by the very large reticulate
holes which occupy the superior face of the metathorax, forming
sometimes at the summit two ridges separated from the post-
scutel by a fissure. Abdomen cylindrical, the first segment bell-
shaped, lengthened, as wide as the second; its suture distinct,
but placed upon the declivity of the anterior face, and often
followed by a groove; 2d segment cylindrical, not swelled, nor
wider than the Ist. The first two segments strongly punctured
throughout the length of their posterior border, the border of the
2d lightly reflexed. The 2d segment offers some very large
sparse points beneath. The 3d segment is cribrose with immense
depressions, especially in the middle.

Insect black; a spot on the mandibles, an are on the summit
of the clypeus, a line on the scape of the antenne, a spot on the
forehead, one in the sinus of the eyes, one behind each eye, an
interrupted border on the prothorax, a spot under the wing,
another at the base of the disk of the mesothorax before the
seutel, post-scutel, angles of the metathorax, regular border on
the 1st and 2d segments of the abdomen, and two oblique lines
on the sides of the first, orange. Tegule red, spotted with yel-
low; their appendix yellow. Legs black, knees, tibie, and tarsi
orange. Wings transparent, smoky, a little violet toward the end.

Var. a. No yellow spot before the scutel.

b. Clypeus, metathorax, and femora black.

202 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PAR7 I.

ce. The markings pale yellow; no spot before the scutellum.

d. Some individuals from Florida have all their markings
orange or blood red. The wings are a little more smoky.
These specimens are also more strongly cribrose, more rugose;
the first moiety of the antenne is reddish with a black line on the
scape. One sees on the first segment a transverse fluting which
passes along the suture, especially distinct upon the sides, at
times effaced in the middle. As one finds all the transitions of
our type in these individuals, I have concluded that it is but a
simple variety, formed by a more perfect development of indi-
viduals under the influence of the heat of the climate of the
southern districts. These individuals have no mesothoracic spot
before the scutellum.

%. Almost as large as the female. Clypeus prolonged, poly-
gonal, bidentate, yellow or whitish; its teeth slightly variable,
at times black; inner border of the orbits yellow; spots of the
metathorax small or wanting. Second segment of the abdomen
a little wider.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is difficult to distinguish from the
O. secularis and the O. pedestris. (See the description of these
species.) In other things it closely approaches the O. vagus,
O. conformis, which have almost the same marking, but do not
offer any suture on the Ist abdominal segment; a little less
similar also to the O. collega and Xantianus, which have, how-
ever, the 2d segment more swelled and which finally offer no
suture on the first abdominal segment.

One often sees the suture in this variety become feeble, seeming
then to form a transition to the O. vagus; nevertheless, the
metathorax is always more rugose than in this species, and the
punctures of its thorax are stronger also.

Hab. The Southern United States, Louisiana, Florida, Ten-
nessee, Illinois. 59, 6%.

38. A. szecularis Savss.—Niger, elongatus, gracilis, cylindticus,
grosse punctatus ; flavo-multipictus ; O. fu/vipedi simillimus, sed meta-
noto rotundatiore, abdominis primo segmento grossius punctato, supra
valde punctato, antice levi, sutura vix perspicua; segmentis 1-4 flavo-
limbatis, primo insuper fascia interrupta flava et secundo macula
utrinque flava. P

Odynerus secularis Sauss. Et. Vesp., I, 142, 26.

ODYNERUS. 203

Form, sculpture, livery, almost identical with that of the O.
fulvipes. he size may be a little less. In fact it cannot be
distinguished from this species but by the following characters.

Prothorax not having its angles dentiform. Concavity of the
metathorax having its borders perhaps a little more coarsely
punctured, more rounded. First abdominal segment more
strongly cribrose; its punctures as strong as those of the thorax.
The suture feeble, but yet distinct. (The anterior face of the
segment is smooth and the superior face is very coarsely cribrose
with little or no channel along the suture.)

The livery differs by the yellow being a little more extended
on the head, a wider yellow are on the clypeus, and the yellow
of the scape much extended at the base. Segments 3-4 also are
bordered with yellow and the 2d segment ornamented on each
side near its base with a yellow spot; the two oblique spots of
the first segment forming an interrupted band.

Var. Mesothorax above with or without yellow spot.

%. The metathorax is notably more rounded than with the 0.
fulvipes, and does not form two lateral angles. Clypeus, man-
dibles, inner bordering of the orbits, and the legs, yellow, as well
as the femora. The remaining livery as with the female; the
Ist segment ornamented with an interrupted band, and the 2d
with two lateral spots, yellow. No yellow spots on the disk of
mesothorax.

In spite of these differences the O. secularis may be but a
var. of the O fulvipes.

Ress. a. diff.—Naturally, this species has a very great resem-
blance also to the O. conformis and vagus, but is distinguished
above all by its first abdominal segment, of which the great
punctures are suddenly arrested on meeting the anterior face of
the segment so as to define the suture. It differs from the OQ.
anormis by its more cylindrical abdomen, more strongly pune-
tured, with the lst segment more lengthened, adorned with two
oblique bands and not with two yellow dots. Compare also the
O. dejectus.

Hab. The Southern United States. 9% % from Tennessee.

Observation.—The O. fulvipes, secularis, vagus, conformis
are types which appear almost to pass from one to the other and
of which it is difficult to trace the precise limits. One should
take notice of the first two for the variations of the same species

204 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

in which the suture tends to disappear or has itself well developed.
See also the A. collega and Xantianus.

29. A. dejectus Cresson.—Niger, clypeo valde emarginato, superne

flavo; capitis maculis, anteunarum scapo, pronoti margine antico,

macula mesonoti et subalari, tegulis, post-scutello, metanoti canthis,
abdominis segmentorum 1‘, 2i, 5‘, margine tibiisque, flavidis; primo
abdominis segmento valde punctato, utrinque fascia obliqua flavida;
2° utringue macula flava; alis fusco-hyalinis. 9.

Odynerus dejectus Cresson, Philad. Ent. Proceed. IV, 1865, 164, 9.

Total length, 4.5 lin.

2. Opaque black, deeply and closely punctured; a line behind
the eyes near their summit, the sinus in front, a spot between the
insertion of the antenna, and the basal half of the clypeus, deeply
and squarely emarginate before, obscure yellowish; antenne
black, the basal joint, except the apical half above, yellow.
Thorax; the anterior margin of the prothorax slightly interrupted
on the disk, a small quadrate spot on the disk of the mesothorax
posteriorly, tegule, a minute spot on each side just behind the
tegulz, a round spot on each side of the pleura, the post-scutellum,
and an elongate mark on each side of the metathorax, yellowish.
Legs black; tips of the four anterior femora, their tibiw, and the
posterior tibie, except tips, yellowish. Abdomen robust, not
much contracted at base; basal segment roughly punctured, with
a faint transverse suture at base, its apical margin bordered in
the middle, continued along the lateral margin, and then produced
to within about one-fourth the width of the segment, yellowish ;
second segment large, convex, shining, finely punctured, more
strongly at the tip; the apical margin above and beneath, and a
rounded spot on each side near the base, as well as the apical
margin of the fifth segment, not quite reaching the sides, yellow.
Legs black, tips of the four anterior femora, their tibiz, and the
posterior tibiz, except their tips, yellowish. Wings fusco-hyaline,
darker along the costa, darkest in the radial cell.

Ress. a. diff.—Closely allied to A. bacuensis, but it is distin-
guished by its more robust form, the spot on the disk of the
mesothorax, the absence of bands on the fourth and sixth seg-
ments of the abdomen, its black scutel, ete.

It is still more closely allied to A. swcularis, if not the same.

Hab. Cuba.

ODYNERUS. 205

40%. A. Bravo Savss.—0O. fulvipedi affinissimus, punctatissimus, niger,
fulvo-pictus; abdominis segmentis 1°, 20 margine grosse punctato,
fulvo; primo frequenter flavo-bipunctato, sutura distincta, 9-

Odynerus Bravo Sauss. Rev. de Zool., 1X, 1857, 274.

Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.

2. The slender and Jengthened form of O. fulvipes; size and
puncturing the same. Clypeus pyriform, rugose, joined to the fore-
head by a vertical carina; its inferior extremity subemarginate.
Angles of the prothorax acute. Concavity of the metathorax
rugose, coarsely punctured; its border quite trenchant. Abdo-
men quite cylindrical; its first segment very great, as wide as the
second; its suture distinct, at times elevated and followed by a
groove. All the body cribrose with deep punctures forming
regular pits; abdomen almost as strongly punctured as the
thorax; the border of the first two segments insensibly depressed
and more strongly punctured, but neither channelled nor reflexed.
The following segments finely punctured.

The insect black. Mandibles brown; antenne ferruginous
beneath with scape below yellowish. A dot on the forehead,
one in the sinus of each eye, and another behind each eye, often
a spot or an arc at the top of clypeus, the anterior border of the
prothorax, a spot under the wing, the post-scutel, and the lateral
edges of the metathorax, whitish (or changing into tawny).
Segments 1, 2 of the abdomen adorned with a regular whitish
border; first segment in addition on each side with a little oblique
line, or a spot, of the same color; one sees also a spot on the
mesothorax, before the scutellum Legs black; tibix and tarsi
ferruginous. Wing's transparent, washed with brown, above all
in the radial and along the side. Tegule large, ferruginous or
pale, as well as the apophyses placed behind them.

Var. Mesothorax, metathorax, and first segment without spots.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is very near to the O. fulvipes.
But this is a little smaller in size; and the thorax appears to me
a little more densely punctured. The markings are also less
abundant. However, one might consider it as a Mexican variety
of the same species, a little smaller, as in general the Odynerus
are smaller within the tropics, than in the north.

Hab. The coast of Mexico. I took 2? at Pueblo-Viejo near
Tampico; 29 taken near Cordova (Sumichrast).

206 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

3. form slender, but the abdomen sometimes slender, sometimes
ovoid, especially among the %&. The first segment cupuli-
form, narrower than the 2d, having the suture indistinct,
ofien presenting a transverse fluting bordered by two traces
of sutures... Concavity of the metathorax generally small,
its borders indistinct.

(Group of the O. occidentalis.)

The insects of this category offer at times two sutural lines on
the first segment of the abdomen (the second usually interrupted )
so that one feels the need of classing them in my Division Sub-
ancistrocerus (Vespides, III, 206; I, 126). But as all their
affinities tend toward the group of the O. fulvipes, I think best
to leave them in the same division. The sutures become wholly
double in certain species or indistinct, so that one does not know
whether or not to take them for simple rugosities and class the
insects which carry them in the subgenus Odynerus (Division
Stenodynerus).

a. Suture of the {-st abdominal segment rather strong; excavation of the
metathorax somewhat distinctly margined.

41. A. Guzmani Saoss.—Parvulus, niger, dense cribratus; pro-
noto bidentato; metanoto perrugoso, foveola orbiculari punctata, sub-
marginata instructo; abdomine valde punctato; primo segmento bisu-
turato; secundi margine maxime cribrato, subcanaliculato; prothoracis
segmentorumque li, 2' limbo, post-scutello, puncto frontali et frequenter
subalari, flavis; pedib.:s fulvo-variis; tegulis maximis, flavo-marginatis.

Odynerus Guzmani Sauss. Rev. de Zool., IX, 1857, 275, %.

Total length, 7 mm.; wing, 6 mm.

%. Small. Prothorax wide; its anterior border concave,
turned up, forming on each side a little tooth directed obliquely
forward. Head and thorax before coarsely cribrose throughout.
Scutel divided by a groove. Metathorax feebly prolonged behind
the post-scutel, then vertically truncate, extremely rugose; its
middle occupied by a circular concavity, shining and cribrose
with punctures; a little rimmed, especially at the summit. First

—- — a ~

1 Sometimes the two sutures are feeble and difficult to distinguish. It
is necessary in that case to turn the insect into the proper light to per-
ceive them.

ODYNERUS, 207

abdominal segment cupuliform, notably less wide than the 2d,
coarsely punctured and rugose; offering two irregular sutural
lines, between which is a fluting or transverse furrow, apparently
interrupted in the middle. Border of this segment thick. Second
segment ovoid, swelled, but longer than wide, strongly punctured
above, especially toward the border, which is a little retracted
and channelled.

Insect black, clothed with a short grayish pile; a spot on the
front, anterior border of the prothorax, post-scutel, a little dot
under the wing, and a regular border on the first two segments,
tawny-yellow. Tegule ferruginous, bordered with yellow, or
yellow with a red dot. Legs black, tarsi and tibize varied with
ferruginous or yellow. Wings sub-transparent, radius and radial
cellule brown. |

%. Clypeus yellow, punctured, terminated by a split beak (or
by two little separated teeth); bordered with black laterally.
Antenne black, with a yellow line on the scape.

Ress. a. diff.—This little Odynerus is easily recognized by its
first abdominal segment fortified with two sutural lines. These
sutures are but little salient and the second above all (posterior)
can be known by the border of the fluting, rather than by a
suture. Nevertheless I think the insect well characterized by
the configuration of this segment.

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. Mextitlan.

I dedicate this pretty species to Don Jose Mariano Guzman,
the Mexican naturalist whose amiable hospitality permitted me
to explore the beautiful valley of Mextitlan.

A2. A. occidentalis Sauss.—Parvulus, niger, punctatissimus, meta-
noti rugosi foveola rotundata, superne vix marginata; abdominis valde
punctati secundi segmenti margine paulum canaliculato grosse punctato ;
puncto frontali et post-oculari, pronoti margine interrupto, macula sub-
alari, tegulis, post-scutetlo, abdominisque limbo segmentorum supra 1,
2, 4,5, 6 et subtus 2, 3, flavis.—‘%. Clypeo bidentato, antenuarum scapo
antice, litura oculorum et pedibus, flavis.

Odynerus occidentalis Sauss. Rew. de Zool., IX, 1857, 274.
Total length, 6.5 mm.; wing, 5 mm.

Size very small. Head circular. Ocelli large, urranged in a
regular triangle. Antenne inserted below the middle of the head
Thorax wide before; its angles quite sharp, cut at a right angle.
Scutel parted by an indistinct longitudinal groove. Coneavity

208 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L

of the metathorax regular, in the form of a concave, punctured
sculleap; its borders wholly rounded and punctured, without
any spiniform angle; the superior part slightly bordered by an
arcade. The latero-superior parts of the metathorax quite
swelled and prolonging themselves a little behind the post-
scutellum. Abdomen wholly oval. First segment small, regu-
larly cupuliform; the suture feeble, placed (about) on the anterior
third of the segment; behind the suture an insensible fluting can
be distinguished. Margin of the segment thick, followed by a
little compression at the base of the second. Thorax densely
cribrose with great points. Metathorax very rugose. Abdomen
strongly punctured; the second segment carrying along its border
a zone of great punctures and rather narrowly channelled.

Insect black. A spot on the front, another behind eacl- eye,
the interrupted border of the prothorax, a spot under the wing,
post-scutel, tegule, their apophyse annexed, and a spot on the
mesothorax before the scutel, yellow. Segments 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, of
the abdomen bordered with yellow above; the third being only
beneath, the second equally bordered beneath; this last carrying
in addition on each side a yellow spot near its base; segments 4-7
brown beneath, without bordering. The borders regular. Legs
yellow, black at the base. Wings a little smoky, having a great
brown stigma. i

%. Clypeus yellow, higher than wide, strongly punctured,
polygonal, terminated by two long separating teeth. Mandibles,
along spot between the antennae, the inner border of the orbits
as far as the bottom of the sinus of the eyes, yellow; antennz
large and long, black, with the scape before yellow, the’ hook
black; the haunches before, yellow. Extremity of the abdomen
brown, a little ferruginous beneath.

Var. Tegule red. No spot on the disk of the mesothorax.

Ress. a. diff_—This little species is remarkable in the singular
distribution of the borderings of the abdomen.

Hab. Western Mexico. Sonora, Michoacan (3 %).

43. A. Paraemsis Savss.

O. Paraensis Sauss. Vespides, III, 207, 95 (1854).1

Hab. Para (typus in Mus. Parisiensi).

' In the description, p. 203, line Ath, instead of: huitiéme cubitale, read:
troisiéme cubitale.

ODYNERUS. 209

b. Suture of the first abdominal segment not so strong. Lxcavation of meta-
thorux having its edges rounded, without precise limits.

44. A.Sumichrasti Saoss. 9 .—Gracilis, niger, grosse foraminato-crib-
ratus; at metanoto parum punctato, huud rugoso, foveola parvula rotun-
data, haud marginata, post-scutellum attingente, instructo; abdomine
valde punctato; primo segmento utrinque ad suturam parum perspicuam
subcanaliculato ; antennarum scapo subtus et pedibus partim, ferrugi-
neis ; puncto mandibularum, frontis,summi clypei et post-oculari, fulvis ;
post-scutelli fascia flava; abdominis segmentis omnibus late flavo-
marginatis. 9.

Odynerus Sumichrasti Sauss. Rey. de Zool., 1X, 1857, 275.

Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7 mm.

?. A species very near to the O. huastecus. Clypeus a little
wider than long, bearing toward the bottom two salient carinz
which appear like two teeth, between which is a little slightly
arcuate border. Thorax lengthened. Angles of prothorax dis-
tinct. Metathorax offering very trenchant lateral ridges; its
concavity small, rounded, punctate, and striate, without defined
borders, but extending as far as the post-scutel. Head and
thorax very densely, strongly, and regularly punctured; the
metathorax being notably less strongly so; the same offering a
smooth space on each side of the post-scutel. Abdomen quite
lengthened, the first segment cupuliform, almost bell-shaped, quite
large, although smaller than the 2d, nearly as grossly punctured
as the thorax, but smooth at its base, and offering an irregular,
hardly sensible suture (especially visible when one regards the
insect from before), which is not formed by a crest, but which is
rather the result of the coarseness of the sculpture. Behind this
suture the segment is creased on each side bya groove which
makes a portion of the sculpture and of which the posterior border
figures as a second interrupted suture. Second segment a little
swelled above at its base, strongly punctured, above all toward
its posterior border, which is not channelled but bordered by a
light cordon. The following segments more finely punctured.

Insect black, covered with a gray pile, especially on the meta-
thorax; a spot at the top of the mandibles, a dot at the summit
of clypeus, another on the front, another in the sinus of each eye,
and one behind the eyes, ferruginous ; these dots often wanting

14

210 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

or very small. Scape of the antennz beneath, tawny. Anterior
border of the post-scutel, yellow; the rest of the thorax black,
except a yellow dot on the appendix of the wing scale, and a
rudiment of an edging on each side before the wing scale along
the posterior border of the prothorax. All the segments of the
abdomen widely and regularly bordered with yellow-golden ; the
_first bordering more narrow, feebly notched in the middle.
Legs black, tibiz and tarsi varied with ferruginous. Wings
transparent.

Var. The posterior border of the prothorax edged with yellow.

Ress. a. diff. —A species very distinct by its metathorax, smooth
or at least more smooth than the rest of the thorax. Very near
to the little species of the group of O. huastecus; particularly
above all by its thorax to the O. Peyroti, from which it hardly
differs but by its narrower thorax and by the feeble suture of the
first segment. It differs from the O. Fariasi, by its first abdo-
minal segment cup-shaped, not truncate-funnel-shaped, and de-
prived of the crest-shaped suture; by its metathorax less rugose
than the rest of the corselet, by its less slender form, ete.
These last characters distinguish it also from the A. occidentalis,
Guzmani, and the O. fulvipes, which have a more pronounced
suture.

Hab. The temperate lands of Mexico. One female from the
hot regions of the province of Mexico, near Cuautla (Morelos)
taken by my friend Mr. Sumichrast.

Division HYPANCISTROCERUS.
(Hypancistrocerus Sauss. Et. Vesp., III, 222.)

Head swelled. Antenne inserted low upon the face. Superior
face of metathorax produced horizontally a little beyond the
post-scutel, then vertically truncate, the posterior face having
a deep orbicular cavity, with very sharp margins. Suture
of first segment very salient.

This type presents the extreme form of the elongate and
cylindrical Ancistrocerus. It forms a group corresponding to
Hypalastoroides, by its slender body and the peculiar shape of
its metathorax.

= APs Gt @*«

ia eatin al

ODYNERUS. 211

45. A. advema Savss.—Gracilis, cylindricus, punctatus, niger, thorace
antice lato, angulato, postice attenuato; metathorace paulum ultra post-
scutellum producto, truncato, foveola superne semicirculariter acute
marginata, margine utrinque infere angulato; 1° segmento angustiore
quam 2um, antice truncato; 2° superne basi coarctato, subtuberculato;
antennis fulvis, flagello superne nigro; capitis maculis, pronoti margine
antico et postico, macula subalari et prescutellari, tegulis partim,
metanoti abdominisque segmentorum marginibus anguste, flavis ; primi
segmenti fascia utrinque lateraliter continuata; pedibus flavis, nigro-
variis; alis infumatis. Q. Longit. 9 mm.

Odynerus advena Sauss. Et. Vesp. II, 222, 117; pl. xi, fig. 3, 4, 9.

Hab.—Brasilia (Typus in Mus. Londinensi).

Division ANCISTROCEROIDES.
(Ancistroceroides Savss. Et. Vesp. III, 221; I, 146, III* Divis.)

Second cubital cell of the anterior-wing subpedunculate. (Me-
tathoras excavated, armed on each side with a spine.) °

4G. A. alastoroides Sauss.—Gracilis, niger; capite et thorace punc-
tatis; clypeo % bidentato; pronoto antice lato, quadratim secto, post-
scutello bituberculato; metathorace valde excavato, acute marginato,
utrinque spinoso; abdomine sericante, in basi 2' segmenti constricto;
1° segmento superne sulco partito; clypeo, puncto mandibularum,
puncto frontali et post-oculari, orbitis internis, linea seapi, pronoti
margine postico, macula subalari, linea utringue metanoti infere et
fascia scutelli, flavis; antennis subtus et tegulis fuscis; abdominis
~segmentis 10-30 flavo-limbatis ; pedibus fuscis, flavo-lineatis; alis in-
infumatis. % Longit. 10 mm.

Odynerus alastoroides Sauss. Et. Vesp. I, 147, 33, %.

Hab. Montevideo.

This species might almost be placed in the genus Alastor (sub-
genus Alastoroides), where it would form a section, characterized
by the 2d cell of the wing being subpedunculate only, and by
the presence of spines on the metathorax,

212 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

Subgenus ODYNERUS'! Larr. (sensu strictiore).
Leionotus Savss. Et. Vesp. 1, 151.—Odynerus propr. dict. SAuss.
ibid. III, 223.

First segment of the abdomen without any transverse suture.
Antenne of males terminated by a hook, or simple (or a
little turled at the extremity, only tn HYPODYNERUS).
Mandibles of the males simple.

This subgenus contains insects of the most varied forms; types
stubbed or elongate, with the abdomen sessile and conical or
subpetiolate with the first segment funnel-shaped.

The species with a quite sessile abdomen have been detached
into the genus Rhynchium, and that with the most petiolate
abdomen into the genus Nortonia.

The limits between this subgenus and the subgenus Hpipona
are not clearly defined. In subgenus Odynerus the abdomen is
conical, ovate-conical or’ subpetiolate, spindle-shaped. In sub-
genus Lpipona it is depressed oval, lenticular as in Plerochilus.
In Odynerus the thorax is more square, its anterior margin being
straight or concave, its angles often sharp, and the metathorax is
generally excavated in the middle. In Hpzpona, the thorax is
short, ovate; its anterior margin rather convex; the metathorax
convex and rounded.

The two groups can be easily distinguished by the appearance,
but not readily by the description alone. We separate the sub-
genus Odynerus into four divisions for the better. arrangement
of the species. Unfortunately the transitions from one form to
another are so gradual, that it seems impossible to define them
clearly enough. But this is the greatest difficulty in all the
divisions of the genus Odynerus.

These four divisions are as follows:—

1. Hypopynerus.—Body depressed or stubbed. Thorax not
angulate before. Abdomen rather petiolate or sessile, depressed ;
the first segment either quite funnel-shaped as in Montezumia
or peculiarly cut, so that its triangular anterior face fits against
the metathorax and its superior face is transverse, very short,
parted by a groove; the separating ridge rounded or swelled like
a transverse pad. Post-scutel not distinctly truncate.

1 Consult, at the end of the genus, the list of the species incerte sedis and
of the species dubia.

ODYNERWUS. 213

Body hirsute with a long pile. Antenne of males terminated
by a long hook or spirally curled at the extremity.

These are insects of Chili or the occidental side of the South
American Andes, adorned with sulphur-white and often with
rufous bands, having the wings obscure or ferruginous with the
extremity obscure.

2. PAcHODYNERUS.—Body stubbed. Thorax quadrate. Abdo- p.a23.
men quite sessile, very conical, truncate at base. Post-scutel
truncate. Antenne simple in the males, not terminated by a
hook,

3. ODYNERUS.—Form about the same as in Pachodynerus;
abdomen sometimes more ovate-conical, the first segment being a
little contracted. Post-scutel generally truncate. Antenne of
the males terminated by a hook. |

4. STENopYNERUS.—Form slender. Abdomen cylindrical,
slender, subsessile; or spindle-shaped, attenuate at base, the first p-3ol.
segment small, cup-shaped or funnel-shaped, not very sessile.
Post-scutel entire or truncate. Antenne of the males terminated
by a hook. —

p24

The separation of these Divisions being difficult, they will be
defined more fully hereafter.

Division HYPODYNERUS.
(Sauss. Vespides, III, 225; ibid. I (2d division), p. 160.)

Forms of insects depressed, velvety, bristling with long hair.
Thorax little or not at all angulate. Abdomen pedicellate or
sessile, with the 2d segment wide, depressed; the first vari-
able but almost always formed according to the same system,
offering a triangular anterior face which fits itself against

‘the metathorax anda superior face, very short, divided by
a groove; the meeting of these two faces forming a boss or
a transverse saddle-back. Sometimes, however, the first
segment is simply depressed bell-shaped. The abdomen ts
not conic, but oval, depressed.

These insects which represent the fauna of Odynerus of certain
regions of South America, offer an appearance very easy to define,
in view of the variety of their forms.

Above all, one can distinguish them by their velvety or long

214 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

black hair with which they are bristling, and by their exceptional
livery. They have the wing for the most part strongly reddened,
with the end of a brown-viclet or entirely brownish ; the feet red
or black, often also the antenne, tegule and the elypeus 9, red;
sometimes even the prothorax. Almost all carry some yellow-
white markings, and have two bands of the same color on the
abdomen. Among these insects the posterior face of the meta-
thorax is neither more smooth nor more rugose than the rest of
the thorax; it offers the same appearance, which is quite excep-
tional among the Odynerus.

Very many of these Odynerus have at the base of the 2d seg-
ment beneath, a fold, which seen in profile, appears like a tubercle,
some specimens presenting even an acute tubercle. The clypeus
of the females is pyriform, truncate, or subemarginate at the end,
black or red. That of the males is narrow, lengthened, biden-
tate, and of a pale yellow color.

The form also is generally very characteristic. The posterior
face of the metathorax is not shaped like that of a true Odynerus,
but in a sort of pentagon, growing larger from its inferior extremity
as far as the middle, where are the lateral angles, then finely re-
tracted as far as the post-scutel, forming with it some latero-superior
ridges which converge from below upward (the post-scutel forming
the 5th side of the pentagon); here the posterior face of the
metathorax 1s generally triangular; it widens as far as the sum-
mit and the marginal ridges, at which place they are distinct,
straight, and oblique, converging toward the bottom. There
remains then only the latero-inferior ridges of the metathorax.
(O. humeralis.)

This conformation of the metathorax involves an analogous
configuration in the 1st abdominal segment, for this is always
such, that it in a manner conforms itself to the metathorax so
that it places, or exactly fits its anterior face against the posterior
face of the metathorax (and this results from the fact that the
two pieces are applied against each other during the period of
the metamorphosis so that they are in reality moulded against
each other).

The first abdominal segment has also its anterior. face tri-
angular, and the depressed form of the abdomen causes the supe-
rior border of the triangle to be but a little arcuate.

As the metathorax is quite vertically truncate, the first segment

ODYNERUS. 915

applies itself exactly against it, and it results that the superior
face of this segment meets the anterior face almost at a right
angle. ‘I'his face is very short, sometimes four or five times wider
than long (sometimes, however, it has but little width):

This structure is always the same, theoretically speaking, but it
becomes less and less marked in the extreme types. So, when
the first segment is petiolate and narrow, it only fits itself against
the middle of the metathorax which offers then a sort of furrow
to receive it, while the lateral borders of the metathorax, remain-
ing disengaged, become rounded (0. arcuatus, tuberculatus).
When the form becomes very club-shaped and the abdomen sessile,
the first segment is wide, triangular, sessile (O. Antucensis,
villosus), and fits itself exactly upon the whole width of the meta-
thorax; then this is flattened or excavated in its whole width,
and its lateral borders become quite trenchant. Finally, when the
first segment becomes rounded and sessile and when it no longer
fits itself as strongly against the metathorax, the borders of the
metathorax become blunted and rounded (O. vespiformis) and
one sees it produce a form quite similar to that of the Vespa.

It is easy to understand from what precedes, that the abdomen
will have two forms according to the way in which one regards
it. If it is fitted against the abdomen it will appear sessile, for
one sees only its very short superior face; if it is open it will
appear more or less pediculate, for, the anterior face being tri-
angular, it forms, when it is let down, a sort of petiole having a
bell-shaped form, which would not happen if the anterior face
was more or less circular.

One sees then that the petiole is only the result of a deceitful
appearance of the abdomen placed in an abnormal position,’ very
different in this from that which the Humenes offers, where the
petiole exists separately and cannot be disguised by any position
of the abdomen whatever. It proceeds from this fact that the
lengthened types of the Division Hypodynerus belong truly to
Odynerus, and not to Humenes, as Spinola decided, nor to Nor-
tonia, as one might be tempted to judge at first sight.

The Hypodynerus offers all degrees of prolongation of body

1 Take, for example, the O. dabiatus or the O. humeralis as average types.
£ The normal position of the abdomen is when it is applied against the
metathorax.

216 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

from the more slender types which form a passage from Nortonia
up to the more blunted species which seem to form a transition
from Vespa (O. vespiformis).

These singular Odyneri form the fauna of Chili and of the
western face of the Andes. They continue, however, to overleap
the chain of the Andes, to show themselves in the Argentine

Republic, for the O. albocinctus is proved to inhabit that country

on the western slope of South America.

Some analogous types extend upon the side of the Equator and
of New Grenada, and appear to pause toward the direciion of
Venezuela. But yet these offer some altered characters, the

markings become golden-yellow (O. Romandinus), and the forms.

are generally more like those of the Division Odynerus.

If the Hypodynerus form the foundation of the fauna of the
Odyneri of the southern coast of the Pacific, they are not, how-
ever, the unique type of that region. One finds there, also, the
Ancistrocerus (O. scabriusculus, ambiguus, etc.) and the true
Odynerus (O.Gayi, O. Peruensis, etc.). But as we have indicated
above, the characters of the livery which are so marked among
the Hypodynerus, reproduce themselves more or less among all
the solitary wasps of Chili,’ although they do not continue among
the hymenoptera of other families which inhabit the same countries.

In the arrangement of species, I have here followed the series
created by the modification of forms, commencing with the more
lengthened, and finishing with the more blunted.

I give the complete diagnosis of the species which I possess,
but I must limit myself to some short diagnostic phrases for those
which I have not before my eyes.

Table to assist in distinguishing the species of the Division HYPODYNERUS.

1. Wings fuscous with violet or cloudy reflections.
2. Body and antenne quite black; Ist abd. segment funnel-shaped.
47. Tapiensis
2,2. Body ornamented with luteous bands; abdomen sessile.

3. Antenne and feet rufous. 59. villosus.
3,3. Antenne black, the scape rufous; feet rufous, obscure, passing
into black. 60. obscuripennis.

1,1. Wings ferruginous, with the extremity fusco-violaceus.
2. Prothorax rufous.
3. Antennz rufous, with the extremity black.

1 Compare the former page 13, gayella; 50 No. 45; 162 No. 9, ete.

a ———n

teen.

ODYNERUS. DA ee

4, First abdominal segment tuberculate before its groove.
51. tuberculatus.
4,4. First abdominal segment not tuberculate.
56. humeralis.
3,3. Antenne entirely rufous. 63. ruficollis,
2,2. Prothorax black or bordered with luteous,
3. Antenne black on the superior face.
4, Their first joiut rufous. 57. Tarabucensis.
4,4. The whole antenne black above.
5. The 2d abd. segment tuberculate above. 49. excipiendus.
5,5. The 2d abd. segment not tuberculate above.
6. Abdomen rather petiolate; hinder margin of prothorax
yellow; 2d abd. segment not tuberculate beneath.
48. arcuatus.
6,6. Abdomen more sessile; anterior margin of prothorax yel-
€ low; 2d abd. segment tuberculate beneath.
55. vestitus.
3, 3. Antenne rufous, or black only at the extremity.
4. Second abdominal segment tuberculate beneath, at its base.
5. Metathorax without sharp edges, not bidentate.
6. Small, post-scutel luteous ; clypeus Q black.
52. tuberculiventris.
6,6. Larger, post-scutel black.
7. Two luteous bands on the abdomen.!
8. The hinder margin of the prothorax bordered with
luteous; clypeus ? black. 65. vespiformis.
8, 8. Prothorax not margined posteriorly with luteous.
9. Abdomen rather petiolate, the Ist abd. segment
much narrower than the 2d; protherax anteriorly

margined with luteous. 54. labiatus.
9,9. Abdomen sessile; the Ist abd. segment sessile,
wide; prothorax black. 64. Maypinus.
7, 7. Only one luteous band, placed on the Ist segment; this
as wide as the 2d, sessile. 61. Aniucensis.
5,5. Metathorax sharp, biangulate. 62. Chiliotus.
4,4. Second abdominal segment without distinct tubercle beneath.
5. Clypeus 9 rufous. 53. Moline.

5,5. Clypeus 9 black.
6. Pronotum and segments 1, 2, margined with luteous.
50. subpetiolatus.
6,6. Only the first segment margined with luteous.
58. albocinctus.

1 Wanting in some varieties.

218 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

Description of the species.

I. First segment of the abdomen bell-shaped, not offering two
faces separated by a ridge, but pyriform, uniformly a little
comb-shaped. Appearance of MONTEZUMIA.

These insects can also nearly figure in the genus Nortonia, but
the concave form of the metathorax brings it rather nearer to the
Odynerus of this Division.

47. O. Tapiensis Savuss.—Omnino niger; capite et thorace punctatis
velutinis, nigro-hirsutis; thorace depresso; metathorace utrinque later-
aliter, superne, valde carinato, et in foveola velutino; abdomine nitido
depresso, primo segmento infundibuliformi; pedibus rufis, basi nigris;
alis nigro-chalybeis. 9?.—‘%. Clypeo argentato, bidentato, femoribus
intermediis subtus in medio dilatatis, basi excisis.

Odynerus Tapiensis Sauss. Revue de Zool., XXII, 1870, 56,5 4.

Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 17 mm.

%. Facies of a Montezumia. Mandibles slender and styli--
form. Ocelli large, disposed in a very wide triangle. Thorax
wide and strongly depressed. Prothorax widely truncate and a
little turned up. Post-scutel not truncate. Metathorax having
its lateral ridges very salient and trenchant toward the summit ;
its posterior face triangular, widening upward; the concavity
quite plain, but rugose and velvety; its superior ridges not dis-
tinct. Abdomen wide and depressed; the first segment pyriform
bell-shaped, depressed, subpediculate at its base and posteriorly
divided by a strong groove; the 2d segment depressed, almost
discoidal; offering beneath, at its base, an elevated wrinkle.

Insect of a deep black; head and thorax densely punctured
and velvety; strongly pilose, woolly and bristling with long black
hairs. Abdomen smooth, shining, wooily at its base. Legs
ferruginous with the base black. a black, with violet or
greenish reflections.

%. Clypeus almost as wide as long, polygonal, clothed with
silvery hair, arched in its superior moiety; its latero-inferior
borders a little concave; its extremity terminated by two spini-
form teeth, between which is an arcuate notch. Antenne strong;
the first article short, large, and arcuate; those following, strongly
pronounced, the articulations almost nodulose above; the last
article forming a large compressed and arcuate hook. Thighs of

ODYNERUS. 219

the 2d pair slightly bent in the first third, offering beneath in the
middle a dilation, lamellate, oblique, preceeded by a wide notch
and channelled on its anterior face.

Ress. a. diff.—This little species is very distinct in its numerous
characteristics. One cannot confound it with any Hypodynerus,
in view of its uniform black color and its infundibuliform first
abdominal segment, which does not offer an anterior and posterior
face, separated by a transverse ridge, etc. Its appearance is that
of Monlezumia and of Nortonia. It is distinct from these genera
by the triangular form of the metathorax which recalls the form
of the thorax of Hypodynerus. The maxillary palpi are strongly
6-articulate, the 6th article being longer than the 5th; the labial
palpi have but three large articles; the 4th is very small, almost
rudimentary, which indicates a passage from Jlontezumia and
from JMonobia.

Hab. The elevated regions of the Republic of Ecuador. It
was taken by Dr. Maurice Wagner on the plateau of Tapia at
- the foot of Chimborazo. (In collection of the author and collec-
tion of the Museum of Munich. )

Observation.—The silvery hair of the clypeus is subject to fall
off, especially in the middle of this piece. The clypeus is often,
for this reason, only bordered with silver.

IJ. First segment of the abdomen offering an anterior and a
superior face; these two faces separated by a sort of trans-
verse ridae or swelling (the true HypoDYNERUs).

A. Form much lengthened; first abdominal segment small, nar-
row, nodiform or pedunculiform, very much narrower than
the 2d; its anterior face in a lengthened triangle.—Meta-.
thorax with rounded angles; its excavation forming a wide
vertical furrow.

48. O. arcuatus Savss.—Niger, velutinus, nigro-pilosus vel levis,
punctulatus; metanoto medio late canaliculato, polito; abdomine
depresso ; primo segmento trigonali, petiolato-campanulato, paene duplo
angustiore quam secundum, supra transversim tumido, apicis puncto
valde impresso; secundo nec supra nec subtus tuberculato; antennis
nigris, subtus basi ferrugineis; punctulo frontis luteo; pronoti et
abdominis segmentorum 1', 2' margine postico, albido; tegulis pedi-
busque ferrugineis, his basi nigris; alis ferrugineis, apice fusco-cyaneis.
—Longit. 15 mm.

220 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

. Clypeo subconvexo, nigro, apice recte-bicarinato, submarginato.

%,. Clypeo luteo, argentato, bidentato, lineola post-oculari albida ; anten-
narum uncino et articulo precedenti, ferrugineis.

Variat. Thoracis et abdominis lituris rudimentariis, incompletis, paene
nullis, vel pronoto nigro.

Odynerus arcuatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 160, 45 (1852) ; III, 326.

This species can be regarded as the Chilign type of the genus
Nortonia, and places itself in this genus, since all its characters
attach it to the Odynerus of this division, but with a particular
prolongation of the first abdominal segment.

It is most closely allied to O. vestitus and eaxcipiendus (Comp.
these species).

Hab. Chili.

49. O. excipiendus Spry.
sed metanoto postice magis punctato ; abdominis primo segmento superne
minus tumido; secundo segmento medio in tuberculum producto; seg-
mentis 19, 20 luteo-marginatis, vel fere omnino nigris; antennis nigris ;

pedibus rufis, basi nigris; alis ferrugineis, apice fusco-cyaneis.—Longit. °

14 mm.
Q. Clypeo nigro, planato, apice bidentato et carinulis 2 sinuatis instructo.
4. Clypeo emarginato, Iuteo, nigro-piloso, utrinque nigro-marginato ;
antennarum uncino nigro.
Eumenes excipienda Spin. in Gay’s Hist. fisic de Chile, Zool. VI, 256,
1 (1851).
Odynerus excipiendus Sauss. Vespides, I, 161, 47; IL, 227,
Odynerus colucolo Sauss. ibid. I, 161, 46 (1852); III, 227.—Gay’s Hist.
fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl. 566, 8 (1852).

In this species, the clypeus 9 is black, flattened, with two
sinuated carine, terminating in two apical teeth; the clypeus %

is luteous, bordered with black on the sides and superiorly ; the.

antenne % are terminated by a sharp black hook. The thorax
is quite black, excepting at times a little yellow line in the middle
of the prothorax; the first two segments of the abdomen have
often only a very narrow yellow line, which is sometimes wanting
or only indicated by an incomplete line on the margin of the 2d
segment.

Hab. Chili.

5O. O. subpetiolatus Sarss.— 0. arcuato affinis; formis simillimus,
sed minor; abdomine subpetiolato, secundo segmento haud tuberculato;
primo segmento postice sublatiore ; antennis, tegulis, pedibusque rufis ;
antennis apice griseis; puncto frontali Inteo; pronoti margine antico

|
|

ODYNERUS. 221

(haud postico) luteo-limbato; abd. segmentis, 19, 20 luteo-marginatis ;
alis ferruginescentibus, apice infuscatis.—Longit. 13 mm.

2. Clypeo nigro, apice bicarinato, subemarginato.

*%,. Clypeo elongato, emarginato, luteo, utrinque nigro-marginato ; anten-
narum scapo superne nigro vel obscuro uncino minuto, rufo.

Odyn. subpetiolatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 162, 43 (1852).—III, 227, 9%.
Odyn. coarctatus Sauss. Gay’s Hist. fisica de Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl. p.
565, 7, 9 (1852).!

fab. Chili.

ol. © tuberculatus Savss.—Major quam O. arcuatus eique formis
affinis, sed thorace latiore ; abd. primo segmento paulo latiore, supra
postice sulco partito, et ante sulcum in cantho transverso tuberculo
parvulo instructo; secundo segmento nec supra nec subtus tuberculato;
post-scntello tantum in apice truncato. Niger, rugulatus, velutinus,
hirsutus. Antennis ferrugineis, apice nigris; ore, pronoto, tegulis rufis ;
lineola post-oculari, pronoto medio frequenter, post-scutello et abdominis
segmentorum li, 2i margine, luteis; alis ferrugineis, apice fusco-viola-
scentibus.—Longit. 16 mm.

®. Clypeo nigro, piriformi, satis planato, bicarinato, apice truncato, vel
subemarginato.

%. Clypeo elongato, paulum bidentato, luteo; antennarum uncino apicali
nigro; post-scutello nigro.

Odynerus tuberculatus Sauss. Vespides, I, 163, 50 (1852).—Gay’s Hist.
fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl. 564, 6, 1852.—Vespides, III, 228.?

This species differs from O. humeralis in its smaller size; its
antenne © terminated by a sharp black hook, not by a rufous
spiral or a blunt hook. The clypeus is more narrow; in 9
flattened, bicarinate; in $ not so sharply bidentate.

Hab. Chili.

52. O. tuberculivemtris Spix.—Minutus, O. arcuato formis simil-
limus; sed pronoto lato, angulato; post-scutello haud truncato, postice
angulato, vel arcuato; abdominis secundo segmento subtus basi tuber-’
culo acuto instructo. Niger, velutinus ; antennis, tegulis et pedibus
rufis; his basi nigris; macula frontali, punctulo post-oculari margine
antico, macula subalari, postscutelli et abd. segmentorum 1‘, 2'; margine
postico, luteis. Alis subhyalinis, venis ferrugineis, apice griseo.—Longit.
8 mm,

1 This supplement appeared after my book I on Vespides; and hence I
preserve the name srbpetiolatus as being the older.
2 In this paragraph of Vol. III, the affinities are not well given.

222 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART I.

2. Clypeo nigro, apice biangulato.

% . Clypeo fere pentagonali, luteo, bidentato; antennarum scapo superne
nigro, subtus flavo; flagello apice flavescente; pedibus fiavo-variis.—
Variat. Antennis supra nigrescentibus.

Eumenes tuberculiventris Spiy., Gay’s Hist. fisica de Chile, Zool. VI, 267,
2 (1851).
Odynerus tuberculiventris Sauss. Vespides, I, 162, 49; III, 227.

In the male, the femora are black, with rufous knees and with
a yellow line; the tibiz are yellow on their anterior side.

Ress. a. diff.—Differs from O. labiatus, in its luteous post-
scutel; its black -clypeus 2; its polygonal shaped clypeus 9,
terminating in two small teeth; and its small size.

Comp. also O. Chiliotus.

Hab. Chili.

B. Form shorter, wider; first segment wide on its posterior
border; its anterior face in the form of an equilateral
triangle and a little pedicellate; its superior face large.
Metathorax excavated, offering a trace of a polygonal plate
surrounded with ridges.

a. Wings rufous along the anterior margin.

oo. O. Molimee Savss.—Niger, hirsutus; antennis, clypeo, mandi-
bulis, tegulis pedibusque, rufis; pronoto medio et fasciis 2 abdominis,
luteis ; abdominis primo segmento satis elongato, postice sat lato, secundo
subtus basi paulum plicato; alis ferrugineis, apice fuscescentibus. 9
Long. 14 mm.

Odynerus Moline Sauss. in Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, 562, 3,
Q (1852). |
Odynerus Molinius Sauss. Vespides, III, 251, 126 (1854).

Hab. Chili (Type in the Paris Museum).

54. O. labiatus Harim.—Sat validus, depressus; postscutello depresso,
truncato, metanoto excavato; abdominis primo segmento superne lato,
basi parum petiolato, facie antica trigonali, facie supera brevi, -lata,
sulco profundo partita, antice cantho hebetato, subprominulo marginata ;
secundo segmento subtus basi tuberculato. Niger, velutinus, pilis
nigris hirsutus; thorace tenuiter punctato, etiam in metanoti excava-
tione equaliter rugoso; mandibulis, antennis, tegulis pedibusque rufis ;
pronoti margine antico (noununquam tantum in medio) et abdominis

segmentorum li, 2i margine, luteis; alis ferrugineis, apice violascen- .

tibus.—Longit. 16 mm.
©. Clypeo rufo, apice truncato vel subemarginato.
*,. Clypeo elongato, ovato, polygonali, luteo, apice sat late subemarginato.

ODYNERUS. 223
Odynerus labiatus Hauipay, Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII, 323 (1837).—Sauss.
Vespides, ILI, 228.
Odynerus Lachesis Luv. St. Farc., Hymenopt, Il, 667,44 (1841).—Savss.
Vespides, I, 164, 51, pl. xvii. fig. 5, 9; III, 225.
Odynerus marginicollis Spin. in Gay’s Hist. fisica de Chile, Zool. VI,
256, 2 (1851).

Ress. a. diff.—Differs from O. humeralis in its coloration ;
in its narrower form, in its finely punctured thorax, not rugosely
shagreened, and in the little ventral tubercle which is not only a
wrinkle like that of the O. humeralis, but is quite tuberculiform
in the middle. In size itis much smaller. Differs from the O.
tuberculiventris in its triple size; in the clypeus, 9 rufous, %
prolonged, narrow. (almost an ellipse, lengthened and notched at
the end).

Hab, Chili.

55. ©. westitus Savss.—Niger, nigro-hirtus; metanoto hebetato ;
abdomine sessili; secundo segmento subtus tuberculato; pronoti mar-
gine antico et vittis 2 abdominis, luteis ; antennis nigris; alis subfus-
cescentibus, costa basi subferruginea. Longit. 13 mm.

@. Clypeo nigro, biangulato.

%,. Clypeo elongato, planato, luteo, apice arcuatim emarginato; antennis
apice uncino rufo.

Odynerus vestitus Sauss. Vespides, III, 252, 127, 9 (1854).

fess. a. diff.—Closely allied to O. arcuatus and excipiendus,
but differs clearly in its 2d abdominal segment, tuberculate
beneath, and wider and longer than the first. In one specimen
the wings are slightly smoky and ferruginous.

Hab. Chili.

56. O. humeralis Haum.—Validus, corpore lato, depresso, velutino,
thorace ubique rugose granulato, etiam in metanoti excavatione ; primo
segmento latiore, basi paulum petiolato; dehine trigono-infundibulifor-
miter dilatato, valde punctato; facie supera lata, sulco profundo partita ;
secundo segmento subtus basi transversim plicato-tubereulato.—Corpus
nigrum, pilis fulvis vel fuscis longissimis hirsutum ; mandibulis partim,
pronoto, tegulis pedibusque rufis; abdomine fasciis duabus luteis; an-
tennis in dimidio basali rufis, in dimidio apicali nigris, tarsis apice ob-
scuris. Alis fusco-violaceis, costa et basi ferrugineis.—Longit. 20 m m.

2. Clypeo nigro, subconvexo, levi, apice subemarginato.

%- Clypeo luteo argenteo-piloso, ovato, valde bidentato; }abro fusco,

224 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. — ‘[PARTI.

antennis apice subcochleatis uncino arcuaio, obtuso, compresso, rufo, vel

nigro-vario.

Odynerus humeralis Haumway, Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII, 324 (1837).—
Sauss. Vespides, III, 228.

Odyn. chilensis Ler. St. Fare. Hymen. II, 643, 28 (1841).—Sprvota in
Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, 255, 1.—Sauss. Vespides, I, 166,
54, pl. xvii, fig. 6; III, 228.

This large species has some very salient lateral ridges upon
the metathorax ; the superior ridges of the concavity are saliently
indicated, especially among the males, but the rugosities which
cover the metathorax as well as the remainder of the thorax
render them obtuse and indistinct. The antenne % terminate in
a blunt rufous hook or in a longitudinal spiral; the clypeus % is
terminated by two rather long spines, and in the male the tarsi
are mostly blackish. It is, however, closely allied to O. tuber-
culatus. Comp. this species.

Hab. Chili, and the western coast of South America.

57. O. Tarabucensis Savss.—Validus; O. humerali similis; niger;
pronoti margine antico et abdominis fasciis duabus, luteis ; antennis
nigris, scapo rufo; tegulis nigris; mandibulis et pedibus, rufis; alis
ferrugineis, apice violascentibus.— Q ?.

%,. Clypeo luteo, apice dentibus 2 distantibus armato.

Odynerus Tarabucensis Sauss. Vespides, III, 250, 125, 4 (1854).

Hab. Bolivia (I do not possess this species. Type in the Mus.
of Paris).

b. Wings fuscous, with violet iridescence.

58. O. albocinctus Pris.—Niger, velutinus, nigro-hirsutus. Clypeo
piriformi nigro, apice valde bidentato; antennis, mandibulis et labro,
rufis; metathorace rotundato; abdomine pilis nigris longis sparso,
tantum primo segmento anguste albido-limbato; secundo segmento
subtus haud tuberculato; pedibus rufis, femoribus postice nigris; alis —
fuscescentibus, violascentibus precipue apice ; tegulis nigris. 9. Long.
20 mm.

Odynerus albocinctus Puts a. StRoBEL, Atti della Soc. Italiana de Se. Nat.
XI, 1868, 256, 9. :

Hab. The Argentine Republic. Province of Mendoza.

This is the only species of the type Hypodynerus found as yet
on the Oriental side of the Andes.

The form not having been described, I cannot assign to this

>

ODYNERUS. OO5

species its place with perfect certainty in the subdivisions of this
group.

C. Form very wide, short and depressed, first segment very wide ;
ils anterior face sessile, in the form of a wide triangle; is
superior face very short, 3-4 times as wide as long.

a. Wings wholly obscure, violet.

59. O. villosus Savss.—O. Antucensi statura, formis et facie affinis, sed
pronoto et capite angustioribus ; crassus, ater, velutinus, valde nigro
hirsutus; metanoti excavatione polita; abdomine sessili; primo seg-
mento lato, breviter truncato; secundo subtus basi eminente plicato ;
mandibulis, antennis et pedibus rufis; his basi et fere usque ad genua
nigris; tegulis nigris, rufo-maculatis ; abdominis vittis 2 luteis angustis ;
alis infuscatis, violascentibus.—Longit. 15 mm.

©. Clypeo nigro, levi, apice punctato, paulum emarginato.—%....?

Orlyn. villosus Sauss. Vespides, I, 165, 53, 9 (1852).—Gaw’s Hist. fisic
de Chile Zool. VI, Suppl. 563, 4 (1842).

This may be a variety of O. obscuripennis.
Hab. Chili.

60. ©. obscuripemmis Srin.—O. villoso similis, sed major, thorace
rugoso, granulato; ater, villosus; antennis nigris, scapo rufo; pedibus
rufis vel nigrescentibus, basi nigris; abdomine fasciis 2 luteis.—Long.
15 mm.

Odyn. obscuripennis Spin. in Gay’s Hist. fisic de Chile Zool. VI, 259, 4,
@ (1851).—Sauss. Vespides, I, 165, 52; III, 228.

Odyn. Coquimbensis Sauss. in Gay’s Hist. fisic de Chile Zool. VI, Suppl.
561, 1 (1852).

Hab. Chili (Type in the Paris Museum).
This species not being in my possession, I cannot give a com-
plete diagnosis of it.

b. Wings ferruginous with the apex fusco-violaceus or fuscous, and the

anterior margin rufous.

Gi. O. Amtucemsis Savss.—Crassus, velutinus, pilis nigris longissimis
valde hirsutus. Corpus depressum; thorace quadrato, tenuiter pune-
tato; post-scutello et metanoto verticaliter truncatis, hujus facie postica
trigonali, fere plana, parum late excavata, ut reliquus thorax velutino-
rugulosa, canthis obtusis marginata. Abdomine lato, depresso, sessili ;
primo segmento antice valde truncato, faciem anticam trigonalem et
faciem superam brevissimam et latissimam praebente; facierum illarum
concursus canthum transversum efliciens; facie supera sulco partita;

15

226 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

2° segmento paulo latiore quam primum, subtus basi plicato-tuberculato,
Niger; mandibulis, tegulis, pedibus et amtennis, rufis; his apice supra
griscescentibus; abdominis primo segmento luteo-marginato ; alis ferru-
gineis apice fusco-violascentibus.—Longit. 15 mm.

2. Clypeo elongato, rufo, apice bicarinato submarginato, utrinque nigro-
imarginato.—f ?.
Odyn. Antuco Sauss. Et. Vespides, I, 167,55, 9 (1852).—Gay’s Hist. fis.

de Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl. 562, 2 (1852).

Odyn. Antucensis Sauss. Et. Vespides, III, 228.

fess. a. diff.—This species is closely allied to villosus, but its
body is thicker; the thorax is quadrate and wide anteriorly ; the
color of the wings and clypeus is different.

Hab. Chili.

62. O. Chiliotus Savss.—Niger, velutinus, nigro-hirtus; O. Antucensi
affinis; thorace brevi; metanoto late excavato, canthis marginato,
utringue angulato ; abdominis secundo segmento subtus valde tubercu-
lato ; segmentis 19, 20 margine luteo; antennis et pedibus rufis; tegulis
nigris ; alis fusco-violascentibus, costa ferruginea.—Longit. 11 mm.—

??.—%. Clypeo elongato, bidentato, luteo.

Odyn. chiliotus Sauss. Vespides, I, 167, 56, 4 .—In Gay’s Hist. fis. de
Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl., 566, 9.—Vespides, III, 229.

I do not possess this species, which seems much like O. Antu-
censis. But I cannot think it the male of that, because of its
biangulate metathorax. The first abdominal segment seems to
have on its anterior face something like a suture, which allies it
to the subgenus Ancistrocerus.

Hab. Chili (Paris Museum).

63. O. ruficollis Sprix.—Ater, velutinus, nigro-hirsutus, crassus et
brevis; abdomine basi valde truncato, lato; metanoto rotundato; ab-
dominis 20 segmento subtus basi plicato-tuberculato; antennis, pronoto,
tegulis, pedibusque, ferrugineis ; abdomine fasciis 2 luteis; alis ferru-
gineis, apice fusco-nebulosis.—Longit. 11 mm.

©. Clypeo biangulato, rufo, nigro-marginato.—% ?.

Odyn. ruficollis Spin. 1. 1. VI, 259.— Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 168, 57, 9.

{ do not possess tnis species. By its livery, it would seem a
miniature of O. humeralis, but the abdomen is more sessile, the
clypeus @ is rufous; the metathorax is rounded, not sharp, on
its margins, ete. The form is more that of O. Antucensis.

Hab. Chili (Type in the Paris Maseum),

ODYNERUS. iy ed |

G4. O. Maypimus Savuss.—Niger, hirsutus; antennis, tegulis, pedi-
busque rufis; abdomine fasciis 2 luteis, primo segmento sessili, lato et
brevi; alis ferrugineis, apice violascentibus.—Longit. 13 mm.— ? 7—
%. Clypeo paulum bidentato, luteo.

Ab Odyn. Antucensi differt, metanoto rotundato, marginibus hebetatis
(num ejus masculus ?).

Odyn. Maypinus Sauss. Vespides, I, 169, 58, % (1852).—In Gay’s Hist.
fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, Suppl. 564, 5 (1852).—Vespides, III, 229.

Hab. Chili (Type in the Paris Museum).

D. Form also quite chubby, but not so much depressed ; meta-
thorax rounded, flat or convex behind, smooth, without mar-
ginal edges; abdomen arched (vespiform) ; first segment
very short; its superior face transverse-linear. (Appear-
ance of @ VESPA.)

G5. ©. vespiformis Hauip.—Niger, parum depressus, nitidus, pilis,
longissimis nigris hirsutus ; capite et thorace nitidis, tenuiter punctatis ;
post-scutello breviter truncate; metanoto rotundato, convexo, punctato ;
thorace quadrato-globoso; abdomine perfecte sessili (ut in genere
Vespa) superne convexo; primo segmento brevissimo, antice excavato,
subexciso; secundo subtus basi valde tuberculato; punctulo frontis
luteo; antennis pedibus et tegulis rufis; pronoti margine postico et
abdominis segmentorum 1‘, 2' limbo, luteis; alis ferrugineis apice sub-
infuscatis.—Longit. 13 mm.

©. Clypeo nigro, apice rugoso, punctato, bicarinato, truncato ;

*%. Clypeo luteo, punctato, bidentato; mandibulis antice fascia flava ;
antennarum uncino minuto.

Variat. Thorace et abdomine fere omnino nigris, fasciis rudimentaris vel
nullis.

Odyn. vespiformis Harp. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII, 523 (1837).
Odyn. hirsutulus Spin. in Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, 257, 3 (1851).
—Sauss. Vespides, I, 212, 118; III, 244.

Ress. a. dif/.—This species is rendered very distinct by its less
depressed ‘forni, and its quite sessile abdomen, which gives it the
appearance of a Vespa. The first. segment is so short, that the
superior face is almost wanting; its anterior face presents as in
Vespa a sort of obsolete notch at its summit, which is an impres
sion of the post-scutel. The anterior face has not the triangular
form, its superior margin being arcuate as in the Vespa.

Hab. Chili (A common species).

bo
bo
172)

HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Division PACHODYNERUS.

Saovss. III*, Divis. Sect. I*, Vespides, I, 169.—Divis. Epsilon, Sect. I,
ibid. III, 229, 252.

form relatively blunted (stubbed). Antenne of males simple,
not bewng terminated by a hook. Thorax short, in form of a
long or even cubical square, truncate posteriorly. The post-
scutellum transversely truncate, offering for this reason a
superior horizontal and transverse face and a posterior
vertical face, which makes a division of the posterior con-
cavity of the thorax; these two faces being separated by a
transverse ridge formed by their meeting. Abdomen always
sessile, conical, truncate at its base. (The first abdominal
segment less coarsely punctured than the 2d, more smooth.)

Among the insects of this division the forms are very thickset,
short, and stabbed. - The elypeus of the females is widened and
rounded at the summit, as wide as long, pear-shaped, and truncate
at the extremity; the angles of the truncation are often a little
salient, dentiform, and sometimes the clypeus appears bidentate
by reason of a little fossette which occupies its extremity.
Among the males this piece is most often polygonal, truncate, as
wide as long. .

The thorax is very cubical, with little or no retraction behind.
The metathorax never prolongs itself beyond the post-scutel, but
is briefly truncate; its truncation eneroaches strongly upon the
post-scutel and gives birth to a smooth plate which occupies most
of its width; this plate is polygonal, often armed with two lateral
teeth, and bordered by some sharp or blunted ridges, which
become especially salient. upon the latero-superior borders, where
they form on each side a sort of arcade, and are often terminated
by a projection, separated from the post-scutellum by a fissure.
Among these species having a thorax very square and widened
behind, this character is well developed, but the ridges do not
bend at the middle to form a re-entering angle under the angle
of the post-scutel (as among the Ancistrocerus), but are effaced
at the entrance.

The post-scutellum seen above is almost linear, truncate verti-
cally, and its posterior face makes a division of the posterior plate
of the thorax; its ridge is sharp and often crenulate. The

ODYNERUS. 229

abdomen is perfectly sessile, conical; its first segment is wide,
often quite as wide as the 2d, squarely truncate at its base, which
permits the distinction of an anterior and a superior face; the
transverse ridge which results from this truncation is sometimes
blunted, sometimes sharp. ‘The superior face is always transverse,
wider than long. The abdomen is sometimes velvety, sometimes
smooth, shining, not rugose, and the first segment is wholly
smooth, less punctured than the 2d.

It is fitting to say that for each one of these characters, there
may be met some exception among this and that species,

Of all the Odynerus, the species of this Division have the most
cubical thorax and the most conical abdomen. Yet they have
almost the same form as a great part of the species of the Division
Odynerus which follows, and are only distinguished from them
by the antenne of the males, which are destitute of the terminal
hook. Owing to this circumstance the Pachodynerus occupy
among the Odyneri a sort of typical position like that of the
Humenes of Division Omicron, these being also distinguished
from the other Humenes by the simple flagellum of the antennz
of the males. The Pachodynerus are also, like the Humenes of
the Division Omicron, peculiar to tropical and temperate America.

The Pachodynerus cannot easily be confounded with the S/eno-
dynerus, because of their thick body and conical, thick abdomen.
But, to make certain, one should consult the tables of the spe-
cies of the Division Odynerus, which are placed before these
Divisions.

Table to assist in distinguishing the species of the Division PacHoDYNEROS.

1. Ornaments of the body all yeilow.
2. Abdominal segments all margined with yellow, except the first,
3. Thorax wholly black.
4. Metathorax rounded, destitute of lateral angles,
69. argentinus.
4,4. Metathorax forming an angle on each side.
5. Thorax elongate, metathorax with four spines; insect black.
80. diabolicus.

5,5. Thorax cubical; metathorax with two angles; insect vel-

vety, grayish. 66. brevithorax.
66. ¢ brevithorazx.
3,3. Thorax with yellow ornaments, 6

: } nasidens.

—
]
68. * simplicornis.

230 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

2,2. The first abdominal segment margined with yellow.
3. All the segments margined with yellow
4. Prothorax all yellow. 72. Guadulpensis.
4,4. Prothorax margined with yellow.

72. ¢ Guadulpensis.
5. The posterior margin of prothorax yellow. 73. zonatus.
76. \ La Plate.

5,5. Only the anterior margin of prothorax yellow.
6. Thorax wholly or nearly black; abd. much truncate at
base. 70. Peruensis.
6, 6. Thorax slightly ornamented with yellow; abdomen more
ovate. 71. brachygaster.
3,3. Only the first two segments margined with yellow or luteous.
4, The following segments rufous. 78. cubensis.
4,4. The following segments black.
5. The posterior margin of prothorax, or both margins, yellow.
74. { Gayi.
79. \californicus.
75. { preeor.
76. (La Plate.
5,5. Only the anterior margin of protlrorax yellow.
6. Ornaments whitish.
7. Insect short, thorax cubical. 74. Gayi.
7, 7. Insect more slender, thorax longer than wide.
79. californicus.
6, 6. Ornaments yellow, insect notsostout. 77. tibialis.
1,1. Body more or less adorned with rufous.
2. Prothorax and first abdominal segment, etc., rufous.
, 81. Erinnys.
2,2. Only the extremity of the abdomen rufous. 78. cubensis.

6. Ornaments whitish.

6,6. Ornaments yellow.

Description of the species.

Ist. Section.— Thorax cubical (at least among the maies) or
square, more lengthened. Abdomen conical; the first seg-
ment very large, as wide as the second.

In this group one finds the most thick-set forms in the whole
tribe of solitary wasps (O. nasidens, O. Gayi), the thorax
becoming perfectly cubical, as in the Nectarinia, among the social
wasps. However, among the most part of the species the forms
do not differ essentially from those of the insects of the division

Odynerus.

~~ >

ODYNERUS. Jt

A. All the segments except the first, bordered with yellow.

These Odynerus have the body silky and adorned with beautiful
golden reflections, or they are covered with a velvety satin which
often conceals the punctures. They have a close resemblance
among themselves, so that, without comparing numerous speci-
mens, one easily confounds all under the same description, taking
them for the O. nasidens of Latreille. This happened to me at_
the beginning of my studies. When new specimens arrived, I
thought to distinguish many more species, and I have established
differences in the diagnoses which are far from satisfying me.
In fine, the increase of my collections has revealed to me such
differences of size, of color, and of details of form, that, after
having believed for a time that some species were distinguished
with clear precision, I have perceived that nothing is more
obscure than the limits of these species. A new examination of
my very numerous specimens, far from clearing up the chaos, only
results in filling me with new doubts; for, contrary to what one
usually observes, the species do not appear to class themselves
according to their geographical distribution ; in lieu of finding
one species from Mexico and another from Brazil, I find two
species equally diffused in the two divisions of the American
continent. In the midst of this confusion I think, however, that
I can distinguish the O. brevithoraxz quite clearly, as there is
here quite a difference from other species, in the form of the
clypeus, ete.

The appearance of these insects recalls very much that of
certain other Vespids which have also their bodies velvety and
silky and which inhabit the same hot regions. Such as certain
Ancistrocerus (A. Ariste, Parredesi); certain Nectarinia (N.
mellifica), and even certain Chartergus (Ch. chartartus); with
which one should be careful not to confound the Odyneri
described below.

a. Metathorax forming a lateral angle on each side.

66. O. brevithorax Savss.—Niger, punctatus, ubique tomento velu-
tino aureo-sericeo indutus; thorace cubico, latitudine longitudini
quali; metanoto in tota latitudine excavato; ejus excavatione levi,
sericea, canthis acutissimis marginata, utringue in dentem lateralem
excurrentibus ; abdomine perfecte conico, sericeo ; primo segmento bre-

232 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

vissimo; antennarum flagello subtus et scapo apice, ferrugineis ; tegulis
testaceo-maculatis ; abd. segmentorum 2-5 margine late flavo, et valde
punctato; primo nonnunquam etiam tenuiter flavo-marginato; tibiis an-
tice flavo vel fulvo-variis; alis ferrugineis, apice griseis.—Longit. 10 mm.

Variat. Metanoti canthis flavis.

Q. Clypeo punctato apice, dentibus 2 acutis, inter se distantibus armato;
punctis 2 fulvis in dentibus et 2 in angulis superioribus ornato.

*. Clypeo in marginibus argentato; apice fere ut in 9 bidentato, vel
emarginato, dentibus 2 trigonalibus terminato; apice lineis 2, in summo
fasciis 2 lateralibus, flavis; labro favo; mandibularum margine externo
et scapo, linea flava instructis.

Vuriai. Clypeo in lateribus flavo-marginato; oculis intus flavo-marginatis,
pedibus nigris.

Odynerus brevithorar Sauss. Vespides, I, 172, 62' (1852); III, 231.—
Rev. Zool. X, 1858, 166.

The teeth of the clypeus ? are spiniform and separated by an
arched margin, not angularly notched. The thorax is cubical,
not longer than wide; the disk of metathorax is much broader
than long, in the form of a half circle; its margins are arcuated
anteriorly, not sinuated. The scutel is square, rather elevated,
and the post-scutel is situated a little lower, while in auratus,
the scutel is more flattened and the post-scutel is on the same
plane. —

Ress. a. diff.—Compare O. nasidens and simplicornis, O.
diabolicus, and also Ancistrocerus Ariste and Paredesi.—This
species, as well as the following, must be carefully distinguished
from different species of Nectarinia ;? this may easily be done,
from their very wide first abdominal segment, not very small and
shortly petiolate; from their distinct post-scutel, and the truncate,
not angulate, apex of the clypeus. :

Hab. South America. Brazil. Bahia, 2 9, 3 $.—Vene-
zuela 2 %.

67. O. nasidens Latr.—O. brevithoraci simillimus; statura varia-
bili; thorace longiore quam latiore; pronoti margine postico, post-
scutello, abdominisque segmentornm 2-6 margine ochraceis; alis ferru-
gineis, apice griseis.

Q. Clypeo.apice latius bidentato, magis biangulato; dentibus fulvis ;
interdum superne maculis 2 fulvis vel omnino flavis,

1 The figure which bears the same name belongs to the O. nasidens.
® Social wasp.

ODYNERUS. 233

*. Clypeo polygonali, late truncuto, margine utrinque flavo, vel omnino
flavo, macula nigra.
Odyn. nasidens Latr. Voyage de Humboldt, Zool. IT, 112, pl. xl, fig. 1, 2,
© .—Saoss. Vespides, I, 171, 61, 1852; III, 230.—Rev. Zool. X, 1858,
165, 1.—Packarp Kep. Peabody Acad. 1869, 5.
Odyn. auratus Sauss. Rev. Zool. X, 1858, 166.
Odyn. brevithoraz Savss. Vespides, I, pl. xvii, fig. 9,

Q. Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*,. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
Var. minor.— 9. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.
*. Total length, 7 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.

Of variable size, sometimes larger than the O. brevithoraz,
sometimes of the same size. Head densely punctured. Thorax
longer than wide, densely cribrose ; post-scutel linear above,
finely crenulate, metathorax very squarely truncate; its concavity
occupies the whole width, is smooth, silky, and a little striate,
bordered above by some arcuate, very trenchant ridges, which
abut upon the two extremities of the post-scutel within, but
which are not as well separated from it by fissures as the O.
brevithorax; from each side a dentiform angle turns downward.
Abdomen perfectly conical; the first segment very large; quite
long, being notably more so than in the O. brevithoraz, where it
only forms a cup, not a bell.

Insect black, clothed in a beautiful velvet, of silky hair, having
olden reflections, which are only distinct among the well-pre-
served specimens. Mandibles ferruginous at the end, spotted with
yellow at the base. ‘Two spots at the extremity of the clypeus
and one at the extremity of the scape, post-scutel, ridges of the
metathorax, and a regular border upon segments 2—5 of the
abdomen of a yellow-ochre, a little golden; border of these
segments strongly punctured; anus bordered with yellow; wing
scales marked or bordered with testaceous; knees and end of tarsi
a little ferruginous; anterior tibia marked with yellow before.
Wings ferruginous with the end gray.

2. Clypeus pyriform, rugose, strigose-punctate, terminated by
two diverging or biangulate teeth.

Var. a. Clypeus yellow, or margined with yellow, or with two
yellow spots on the top.

b. A yellow line on the seape.

1 Only the figure, not the description.

234 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

c. A yellow spot on each side between the eye and the clypeus.

d. Prothorax slightly bordered with yellow on its anterior
angles.

e. Prothorax not bordered with yellow, with quite golden
reflections.

Jj. Antenne quite black. (Bahia.)

g. Tibiz with yellow lines or wholly black.

%. Clypeus polygonal, argenteous, widely margined with yellow
on both sides; its anterior margin widely truncate. Antenne
fulvous beneath; the scape with a yellow line; lower part of the
eyes bordered with yellow.

Var. Clypeus quite yellow, with a black spot or line in the
middle.

Mexican variety. 2?.—Mandibles black to the end. Antenne
ferruginous beneath, except at the extremity, and becoming
brown ferruginous. Tibiz all ornamented with yellow. There
are often two yellow dots on the front; the teeth of the clypeus
only, red.— Mexico.

Small variety. ?.—Of the size of the O. brevithorax, but offer-
ing the same characters as the above variety. Borders of the
metathorax more rounded.—%. Antenne and legs. as in the ?
variety.— Mexico.

Ress. a. diff.—This species differs from the O. brevithoraz,
in its greater size, in its thorax longer than wide although very
square, in its clypeus @ less wide, but strongly bidentate, in the
disk of the mesothorax a little attenuated before, having the
latero-anterior borders a little sinuate. The male differs, by its
polygonal eclypeus, truncate, not bidentate.

' It approaches yet more closely to O. simplicicornis.—Com-
pare these species.

Hab. Tropical America. I possess a great number of speci-
mens. Ist. From the hot parts of Mexico (Huasteca, Oriental
Cordillera, Michoacan, ete.); 2d. From Colombia and Venezuela ;
3d. From Bahia and Brazil. They do not appear to me to differ
specifically. ;

Although the description given by Latreille of his O. nasidens
does not agree well with our specimens, we do not retain any
doubt as to the identity of the species. The description of Lat-
reille is evidently a hybrid description, being partly of a female,
partly of a male. When he said that the clypeus was bidentate,

ODYNERUS, 235
he had seen the female of it; when he said “bordered with yel-
low,” he had seen the male, which he may have taken for a female,
because the antenns do not possess a hook.

According to Latreille, the prothorax is ornamented with yellow
on the anterior border, and it has a yellow dot behind the eyes,
but we suppose that he was rather troubled about the golden
reflections.

This unfortunate description of Latreille has caused me to
lose infinite time in vain researches, without the least result,
so that I have finally brought myself to announce the above
opinion which I think to be the only correct one.

68. O. simplicicormis Savuss.— 0. nasidenti simillimus, sed thorace — \
paulo breviore et clypeo in utroque sexu truncato, haud distincte
emarginato, P apice flavo-bipunctato, % flavo-marginato.

Odynerus simplicicornis Sauss. Vespides, II, 253, % (1854);Id. Sagra’s
Hist. de Cuba, Ins. 771, pl. 19, fig. 5.—Rev. Zool. X, 1858, 166
(faulty).—Cresson, Philad. Ent. Proceed. II, 1865, 165.

2. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
*,. Total length, 8 mm.; wing, 7 mm.

2. A little smaller than the large variety of the O. nasidens ;
the same color, the same velvety and silky aspect. Clypeus a
little striate, less strongly punctured, truncate at the extremity,
but biangulate, often a little bidentate. Thorax a little longer
than wide; shorter than with the O. nastdens, longer than with
the O. brevithorax; metathorax as with the nasidens, finely
striate. Abdomen as with the O. nasidens. Antenne ferrugi-
nous beneath in their first moiety; a yellow dot on the summit
of the mandibles, two at the base of the clypeus, and often two
more on the front; posterior border of the prothorax, often the
anterior also, post-scutel, superior ridges of the metathorax, and
border of the segments 2-6 yellow; tibiw often ornamented with
yellow. Wings ferruginous, with the end gray.

$. Smaller; clypeus polygonal, truncate, offering at the two
extremities of its inferior border a marked angle, more decided
than in the O. awratus $3; its lateral and inferior borders, yellow;
a yellow line on the scape and in the sinus of the eyes. Yellow
ornaments of the thorax indistinct.

Ress, a. diff.—Diflers from the O. brevithorax by its elypeus,
which is not strongly bidentate, and by the yellow ornaments of

236 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART i.

the thorax. One should perhaps consider this species as a variety
of the O. nasidens? yet it appears to us to constitute a local
species.

Hab. The isle of Cuba. 6 9, 3%.

“The nest of this species is somewhat of an oblate spheroidal
shape, constructed of fine earth, of a beautiful fawn-color. It is
attached to a slender twig and measures 43 by 6 lines; sometimes
two nests are attached close together, to the same twig; the
outer surface is uneven, and on the upper side there is a stout
peduncle, by which the nest has been attached to another body.
The opening made by the imago in its escape is large and always
on the side of the nest.” (Cresson, 1. c.)

b. Metathorax rounded, not forming on each side a dentiform angle.
GS. ©. Argemtimus Savss.—Niger, confertim punctatus; metanoto
postice rugoso, rotundato, utringue angulo nullo; superne utrinque
acute-marginato, canthis a post-scutello fissura sejunctis; pronoti
abdominisque segmentorum 2'-5i margine postico flavo-limbato; alis
hyalino-ferrugineis, apice grisescentibus ; tegulis ferrugineis.—%. Cly-
peo truncato, flavo; puncto frontali; scapo subtus, tibiis antice, flavis.

Odyn. Argentinus Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. XXII,1870, 56, 6 9.

2. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.
*,. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

?. Head and thorax densely and rugosely punctured, sha-
greened; the punctures small. Thorax a little longer than wide.
Post-scutel truncate, very short and transverse, crested and a
little crenulate. Metathorax posteriorly excavated, rugose, but
with arcuate edges, circular, forming no lateral angle whatever ;
the lateral ridges sharp in their upper half, each terminating in a
tooth separated from the post-scutel by a deep fissure. Abdomen
of equal width from base up to the end of the second segment, its
base truncate and rounded; the whole very finely punctured, with
very short hair and with sericeous gray pile; the hinder margin
of 2d segment sometimes slightly depressed or very slightly cana-
liculated, and a little more strongly punctured than the base.

Insect deep black, with very short gray hair. Antenne black;
a line on the hinder margin of prothorax and a regular band on
the hinder margin of segments 2-5 yellow; beneath only a mark
on each side of the margin of the 2d segment; tegule margined
with yellow or ferruginous. Anus black. Legs black; articu-

en

ODYNERUS. 237

jations and hooks a little rufous. Wings subhyaline or smoky ;
the anterior margin rather ferruginous.

Var. a. A little yellow mark on the forehead.

b. A little yellow line in the middle of the margin of the Ist
segment.

c. The post-scutellar metathoracic eminences indistinct or not
developed. |

2. Clypeus convex, strigate, bicarinate, terminated by two
angles or teeth, sometimes ferruginous.

%. Clypeus rounded, polygonal, pale yellow, widely truncate,
its inferior angles almost toothed. A line on the mandibles and
on the scape of the antenne, a spot between the antenne, inner
orbits, a line on the anterior side of the tibia, pale yellow or
ferruginous. Antenne without a terminal hook.

Var. a. Only the 2d, 3d, and 4th abd. segments margined with
yellow.

fess. a. diff.—This insect has the appearance of O. diabolicus,
but it is a little larger and is easily distinguished from it by its
metathorax, destitute of lateral angles, but having elevated ridges
separated by fissures from the post-scutel. The clypeus % is more
truncate ; its inferior margin being wide.—It differs also from O.
brachygaster, by its metathorax without angles, and by its deep
black, not grayish color—velutinous as in O. nasidens and its
allies.

Hab. The Argentine Republic. Buenos Ayres. 72,5 %.

B, All the abdominal segments margined with yellow or rufous.

a. Superior edges of metathorax not sharp.

“0. © Werwemsis Savuss.—Niger, cinereo-sericeus; thorace antice
latiore quam postice; metathorace excavato, strigato, inferis tantum
canthis acutis ; abdomine conico, basi lato, truncato, 2' segmenti margine
crasse punctato; post-scutelli et metanoti punctis 2 minutis, abdominis-
que segmentorum limbo late, pallido-flavis ; 2' fascia utrinque aucta ;
femoribus tibiisque obscure rufis; alis subhyalinis, costa subferruginea.
Longit, 11-12 mm.

@. Clypeo rotundato, emarginato, valde punctato, dentibus 2 distantibus
terminato.—%. Clypeo truncato.

Odyn. Peruensis Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 253, 129, pl. xii, fig. 4, Q (1854).

flab. Peru. (Typus in Mus, Parisiensi.)

238 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

b. Superior edges of metathorax sharp.

71. O. brachysgaster Savuss.—Niger, valde punctatus, omnino fulvo-
velutinus ; metathoracis excavatione lata, levi, argenteo-sericea, utrin-
que obtusangulata, superne canthis arcuatis acutis marginata; his a post-
scutello per fissuram utrinque sejunctis ; abdomine ovato, basi truncato;
capite omnino nigro; pronoti marginibus obselete, tegulis partim, post-
scutello, puncto subalari et punctis 2 in angulis scutelli, metathoracis
canthis superioribus abdominisque segmentorum 1-5‘ limbo, fulvis ;
primi fascia angusta, 2' lata; 2' margine late crasse punctato; pedibus
nigris, artibus, tarsis et mandibularum apice obscuro-rufescentibus ;
tibiis anticis fulvo-variis; alis subhyalinis, basi et costa subferrugineis
apice griseis.— 9. Clypeo bidentato, dentibus inter se distantibus,
rufis.—% ?.

Odyn. brachygaster Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 173, 63, pl. xvii, fig. 8 (1852).
—Rev. Zool. V, 1858, 167, 5.

Var.2 Margins of the abdominal segments narrow; antenne
ferruginous beneath ; wings hyaline, with fuscous veins.

Very similar to O. nasidens ; but also very distinct, the abdo-
men not being as conical and the 2d segment more elongate; the
antenne are also more slender.

Hab. Brazil. (Paris Museum and coll. of author.)

This can be well distinguished from Chartergus chartarius
(social wasp) by its truncate or bidentate clypeus (not engulate),
its long mandibles, its wider first abdominal segment, ete.

72. O Guadulpensis Savss.—Niger, valde punctatus; jeapite et
thorace rugosis, abdominis segmenti 2' margine et sequentibus valde
punctatis; linea mandibularum et scapi, macula frontali, pronoto omnino
Superne, tegulis, macula subalari, maculis 2 scutelli, post-seutello
metanoto utrinque, flavis; abdominis segmentis 19, 20 flavo-marginatis,
primi fascia utrinque aucta; segmentis 8-5 superne fulvo, subtus flavo,
tenuiter limbatis; tibiis et tarsis flavis; alis flavescentibus apice infu-
matis.—?. Clypeo flavo, nigro-maculato.—%. Clypeo truncato, poly-
gonali, flavo.

Variat. Pronoti angulis posticis nigris.

O. cubensi affinissimus ; ab illo distincte differt: statura panlo minore ;
mandibulis nigris, flavo-notatis; pronoto frequenter omnino flavo;
antennarum scapo nigro, linea flava ornato; coxis et femoribus nigris ;
abdominis primo segmento haud acute truncato!; segmentis 3-6 nigris
tenuiter flavo-marginatis.

Odyn. Guadulpensis Savss. Et. Vespides, I, 182, 76 (1852).

! In our % specimen the first segment offers a sort of suture, but this,
I think, may be a mere accident of puncturation.

—

ODYNERUS. 939

Ress. a. diff.—tin this species the clypeus % is hexagonal, as
broad as long, truncate, while in O. cubensis % it is longer than
broad, bidentate, and its greatest width is situated lower than
the middle. The abdomen is not as coniéal, not sharply truncate
at base; the hinder margin of the 2d segment and the following
are more roughly punctate, ete.

45. © zomatus Savss.—Niger, punctatus; thorace quadrato, paulo
longiore quam latiore, metanoto excavato, acute marginato, biangulato;
puncto frontali, pronoti margine antico et postico, macula subalari,
tegulis, scutelli punctis 2, post-scutello, metanoti canthis, abdominis seg-
mentorum margine, tibiisque partim, flavis; alis nebulosis.—%. Clypeo
polygonali flavo, argentato; antennis subtus ferrugineis, scapi linea
flava.— ? ?. ea
Odyn. zonatus Sauss. Revue de Zool. XXII,1870, 57, 8, 4.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

Head and thorax cribrose. Thorax square, a little longer than
wide. Its anterior margin concave, its angles rather produced,
but not acute. Post-scutel truncate. Metathorax much exca-
vated; its edges very sharp, forming on each side an angulated
tooth. Abdomen conical, truncate anteriorly (but not sharply);
the margin of 2d segment and those following strongly punctate.

Black, with short fulvous, but not velutinous hair; a spot on
the mandibles and a dot between the antenne, a narrow band on
the anterior margin of prothorax, a wider one on the posterior
margin, a spot under the wing, wing scales, a spot on each side
of the scutel, post-scutel, and the ridges of the metathorax, yel-
low; all the segments of the abdomen margined with yellow, the
fascie of the first two segments the widest; that of the first a
little wider on the sides. Knees and tibix outside and the first
tarsi, yellowish. Wings cloudy.

%. Clypeus polygonal, truncate or submarginate, yellow, sil-
very; labrum and scape beneath, yellow; the remainder of
antenne ferruginous below; emargination of the eyes argenteous.

Ress. a. diff.—This species comes very near to O. precox
Sauss., and may be a local variety, with all the segments margined
with yellow, or even a variety of O. guadulpensis, with the orna-
ments reduced.

Hab. Cayenne, (Author’s collection. )

Observation.—The extremity of the antenne being broken off,

240 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

we are not sure that this insect belongs to this group, although
the appearance is quite that of O. cubensis and neighbors. It
might possibly go to the group of the Odyneri with hooked %
antenne ?

C. Only the first two abdominal segments margined with yellow.
(Lhe 3d and 4th sometimes indistinctly marginate.)

@4. O. Gayil Spin.—Crassus, thorace quadrato, postice late excavato
obtusangulato; abdomine brevi, lato, conico, basi truncato, primo seg-
mento secundo equilato; macula frontali, orbitis internis, scapo subtus,
pronoti margine antico, margine postico tenuiter, macula subalari, post-
scutello, maculis 2 metanoti summi abdominisque segmentorum 1‘, 2i
limbo, albidis; alis subhyalinis antice subferrugineis, apice griseis.

*%,. Clypeo subemarginato, luteo.— ??.

Odyn. Gayi Spiyoua, in Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool. VI, 260 (1851).
— Savss. Vespides, I, 170, 59; pi. xvii, fig. 7, 4.

Hab. Chili. (Type in the Paris Museum.)

30. ©. przcox Savuss.—Niger, capite et thorace confertim punctatis ;
abdomine ‘sericante, conico, basi lato; macula mandibularum, linea
frontis verticali, pronoti margine postico, nec non antico tenuiter,
macula subalari, punctis 2 in scutelli angulis, post-scutello, maculis 2
metanoti abdominisque segmentorum 1‘, 2' margine, flavis ; reliquorum
margine fusco; tibiis flavo-lineatis ; tarsis fusco-ferrugineis ; alis sub-
hyalinis, costa obscuriore.

Q. Clypeo apice dentulis duobus rufis.—% ?.

Odyn. precor Sauss. Et. Vesp. III, 254,1 130; pl. xi, fig. 9, 9, (1854).

Hab. The southern parts of Brazil and Uruguay. (Paris
Museum. )

Observation.—This species may possibly belong to the Division
Odynerus with hooked male antenne? but its peculiarities bring
it nearer to the species of Division Pachodynerus.

76. 0. La Pilate Savss.—Niger, punctatus ; abdomine sericeo, basi
truncato; clypeo Q apice den‘ulis 2 ferrugineis terminato, seapo subtus
rufo; pronoti margine postico, signatura subalari, punctis 2 tegularum,

1 The note intercalated in the text of the description of this species
referred it to the heading A (Group of the O. M/egera). One more of the
chefs d’ceuvre of the printer, who is the cause of all other more grave
faults introduced by his negligence into my work on the Vespides.

ODYNERUS. 241

flavis; abdominis segmentorum li, 2' margine flavo, 3', 4' tenuiter
flavescente; tibiis 1'*, 2's linea flava; alis ferrugineis macula radiali
fusca.

Odyn. La Plate Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 52, 2 2.

9. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm,

9. Form rather slender, very much as in O. cubensis and
tibialis. Clypeus pyriform, stvigate-punctate, terminated by two
little ferruginous teeth. Head and thorax densely punctate.
Post-scutel truncate, ridged but not crenulate. Metathorax
excavated in its whole width, forming on each side an indistinct
angle; its superior edges convex, very sharp, their superior
extremity hardly separated from the post-scutel by a fissure, not
forming salient teeth; the inferior edges straight or a little arched
concave. Abdomen polished, silky, the first segment as wide as
the 2d, almost sharply truncate.

Black; scape ferruginous beneath; a fine line along the poste-
rior edge of prothorax and a very slender one along the anterior
margin, on each side, two spots on the tegule, a mark under the
wing, a line on post-scutel, and the superior edges of metathorax,
yellow. Segments 1, 2 of the abdomen narrowly margined with
yellow; the extreme margin of the Ist brown; segments 3-5
narrowly margined with brown or yellowish. Knees and claws
ferruginous. Tibie 1st and 2d anteriorly with an indistinct yellow
line. Wings ferruginous along the anterior margin; the radial
cell brown.

Ress. a. diff.—This is possibly the same as O. precox, and I
should not have distinguished this from it, if in the description of
precox it was not said that the metathorax was rounded, while
here the superiot edges are very sharp.—It much resembles
tibialis, but the livery is rather different and it varies also in its
metathorax not sharply bidentate, its abdomen not as conical, its
first segment nof as sharply truncate, shorter, ete. —From zonatus
it differs in its livery and the same changes in the form of the
prothorax. .

Hab. The Argentine Republic. Buenos Ayres.

77. O. tibialis Savss.—Niger, cinereo-hirtus; dense prnetatus ; thorace
quadrato, 9 longiore quam latiore, % cubico, depresso ; metanoto bi-
dentato, acutissime marginato; abdomine valde conice basi acute trun-
cato et canthum acutum transversum efiiciente : Segmentorum 2-5
margine punctato, Macula mandibularum, pronoti margine, tegulis,

wo

942 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART i¥

macula subalari, post-scutello, metanoti maculis 2 superne abdominis-
que segmentorum limbo 1, 2 flavis; tibiis extus flavis; alis ferrugineis,
apice nubecula fusca.—Longit, 11 mm.; ale, 9 mm.
Q. Clypeo piriformi, grosse punctato, apice subbidentato superne flavo.
*%,. Clypeo ovato, flavo, apice submarginato; antennarum scapo flavo
fasciato; flagello apice haud uncinato.

Odyn. tibialis Savss. Et. Vespid. I, 183, 78 (1852), 9

Ress. a. diff.—This has the form of O. cubensis, from which
it differs by its black forehead, antenne, scutel, and feet; by its
thorax not so strongly punctured, by the edges of metathorax not
so much separated from the post-scutel, and by the elypeus 9
more coarsely punctured and not distinctly bidentate, while the
male has the apical margin of the clypeus a little concave, with
acute anglés.

Hab. Venezuela. Caraccas 9°. (Hayti %.)

Observation.—The 2 comes from the collection of De Romand,
whose etiquettes, are not always exact. The male is labelled as
caught by me at Hayti. This male is certainly of the same spe-
cies as the female. The species may come from St. Domingo. .

78. O. Cubemsis Savuss.—Niger; capite et thorace dense cribri instar
punctatis; pronoto antice subcoarctato; post-scutello truneato, trans-
versim tenuiter carinato; metanoto verticali, excavato, utrinque dente
instructo, superne canthis acutissimis marginato, his a post-scutello
fissura sejunctis ; abdomine conico; primo segmento antice acute trun-
cato canthum transversum efficiente; secundi segmenti margine punec-
tato. Mandibulis, macula frontali, antennarum articulis 1°, 2?, pro-
noti margine antico late, tegulis, macula subalari, scutelli maculis 2,
post-scutello, metanoto summo utrinque, abdominis segmentorum 1-2
margine (primi fascia in lateribus aucta), et pedibus, flavis ; abdominis
segmentis 4-6 rufis, et frequenter tertio rufo-limbato; alis ferrugineis,
apice fusco-nebulosis.—Longit, 11 mm.; alw, 9.5 mm.

@. Thorace longiore quam latiore; clypeo piriformi, punctato, flavo,
macula nigra, apice bidentato dentibus angulatis.

*,. Thorace magis cubico; clypeo ovato, flavo, levi, apice truncato, bian-
gulato; oculorum sinu flavo-marginato. Antennis apice simplicibus.

Odyn. cubensis Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 181, 75,! pl. xviii, fig. 8 (1852).

Hab. Cuba. (2 9, 2%.)

! In this description I have mingled the form of the clypeus 9 with the
description of the $, doubtless because the simple antenna of the 4 led
me to take a § fora 9.

ODYNERUS. 243

79. ©. Califormicus Saoss. (PI. 1II. fig. 17, 17a)—Medius, niger,
fulvo-tomentosus; clypeo @ piriformi valde punctato; thorace levi,
tenuiter punctato ; metanoto haud rugoso, biangulato, sed canthis obli-
teratis, nec acutis, nec rugosis; abdomine conico, segmentis 29 et sequen-
tibus in margine rugose punctatis ; fascia arcuata summi clypei, pronoti
et abdominis segmentorum 1', 2! limbo, macula subalari, punctis 2 in
tegulis, post-scutello et metanoti canthis, luteis; autennis fronte et
pedibus immaculatis ; alis diaphanis, venis fuscis. 9.

Odyn. Californicus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 57, 9, 2.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

?. Size and form of the O. foraminatus, clypeus pyriform,
strongly punctured, terminated by a little border channelled by
a fossette and appearing bidentate. Head finely punctured.
Thorax not retracted before, its surface smooth, shining, bearing
some quite fine, separated punctures (at times effaced, especially
in the middle of the mesothorax and of the scutel); post-scutel a
little pad-shaped, finely crenulate (or smooth); metathorax not
rugose above; its concavity wide, smooth, and shining, finely
striate; it occupies the whole width, but its ridges are rounded,
or at least blunted, not salient on the summit (although delicately
formed), but smooth, not rugose, nor cribrose ; on each side an
angle, blunt or even rounded, according to individual specimens.
Abdomen quite conic; the first segment truncate, but without
sharp ridge; the second offering along its border a flat impressed
band, carrying a narrow band of very coarse punctures, but the
extreme border smooth. The following segments strongly punc-
tured.

Insect black, clothed on the head and thorax with a strong pile
of tawny or grayish hair; its hair very abundant on the meta-
thorax. A spot on the mandibles, an arcuate band (or two spots)
on the summit of the elypeus, a regular border on the prothorax,
a spot under the wing, post-scutel, ridges of the metathorax, and
a border on the first two segments of the abdomen (the first
widened on its sides), of a pale yellow; antenne and legs entirely
black; the tarsi ferruginous toward the end only. Wings trans-
parent, a little smoky; nervures brown. Wing scales having two
yellow spots; their middle oceupied by a brown spot.

Var. a. Two yellow spots on the extremity of the clypeus.

b. Inner border of the orbits, a spot on the front, a dot behind
each eye, two dots on the angles of the scutel, a spot on the

244 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

knees, whitish; anterior tibie ferruginous or whitish; 3d and
4th segments of the abdomen bordered with whitish beneath; 3d
finely edged above with this color.

Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus resembles the 0. Megzra in its
whitish ornaments, but itis smaller. Its smooth thorax, its meso-
thorax without longitudinal grooves, its metathorax, smooth,
biangulate and without little teeth behind the post-scutel, its
immaculate front, and its transparent wings distinguish it super-
abundantly.

The same characters distinguish it from the O. foraminatus
and the O. leucomelas.

Hab. Lower California. I have received divers specimens 2
collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus and others from
Southern California (Berton).

Observations.—This species has much of the form of the 0.
cubensis, but the male being unknown to me I place it with
hesitation in this division. If the male proves to have antenne
terminated by a hook, the species will find its place in the Divi-
sion Odynerus, next the O. Alvaradi. With the O. Erinnys it
is the only Pachodynerus yet known to inhabit the boreal °
temperate zone.

_ 2p. Section.—Form more lengthened ; thorax lengthened square
or retracted behind. Abdomen less conic, more cylindrical
or depressed.

a. All the segments of the abdomen, except the first, bordered with yellow.

SO. O. diabolicus Savss.—Gracilis ; capite et thorace dense rugose
punctatis; pronoti margine antico concavo, subcristato, angulis sub-
acutis ; post-scutello truncato, transverse cristato-crenulato, metanoto
excavato, utrinque bispinoso, marginibus excavationis acutis vertica-
libus, superne evanescentibus; abdomine subdepresso, antice rotundato-
truncato; segmento satis elongato. Omnino niger, abdominis segmentis
2-6 fiavo-ochraceo limbatis ; tarsis apice fuscescentibus; alis nebulosis.

Q. Clypeo bicarinato, apice bidentato, vel acute biangulato.

*,. Clypeo polygonali, apice truncato, luteo-argentato; labro, antennarum
scapo subtus, macula frontali, fascia in sind oculari, luteis.

Q. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.
%,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.

Odyn. diabolicus Sauss. Vespides, I, 171, 60 (1852); III, 230.—Rev.
et Mag. de Zool. X, 1858, 167, 6.

ODYNERWUS. DAD

A very distinct species in the form of its metathorax. The
lateral tooth of metathorax is formed principally by the lateral
ridge, and placed quite outside of the margin of the excavation,
which is situated more inside, and rather distant from the tooth.
There is, in addition, a very long spine on each side, on the
inferior edges near the articulation of the abdomen. It has much
the appearance of O. argentinus, but the metathorax is without
lateral angles.

Hab. South America; Brazil, Venezuela (author’s collect. ).

b. Abdomen varied with black and rufous.

Si. O Erimmys Leper.—Niger, valde punctatus, gracilis; thorace
postice attenuaio; metanoto longe bispinoso, canthis acutissimis mar-
ginato; abdomine basi truncato; in marginibus valde punctato; ore,
macula frontali et antennarum articulis 1-5 rnfis; pronoto, tegulis,
post-scutello, metanoti angulis, abdominis primo segmento superne et
secundi margine pedibusque, rufis; alis infuscatis, costa subferruginea.

©. Clypeo piviformi, crasse punctato, bicarinato, apice biangulato, apice
et basi, rufis.

*. Clypeo polygonali, luteo, argenteo-sericeo, subbidentato; antennis
apice haud uncinatis.

Vuriat. Primo et secundo abd. segmentis flavo-marginatis.

Odyn. Erynnis Ler. Sr. FArceaAv, Hymén. II, 645, 30 9 (1841).—Saoss.
Vespides, I, 178, 70.

Total length, 16 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

?. Form slender, moderately lengthened. Head and thorax
coarsely cribrose; this last quite lengthened, retracted behind ;
post-scutel finely crenulate; metatnorax having its posterior face
a little retracted; strongly excavated, a little oblique, smooth,
finely striate; bordered with abrupt very trenchant ridges, which
are armed on each side with a long spiniform tooth, prism-shaped,
and prolonged obliquely backward; it is placed sufficiently low
for the inferior ridges of the metathorax to be almost horizontal ;
these last offer beyond on each side of the valves of articulation
with the abdomen, a second distinct spine. The superior ridges
are sinuous and terminate under the post-scutel by an are or
nearly a right angle; seen in profile their summit terminates ina
pyramidal, although but little acute, angle, placed quite behind
the post-scutel and separated from it by a triangular notch.

246 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART I.

Abdomen of little width; finely punctured, the first segment
long, almost as wide as the 2d, and boldly truncate on its ante-
rior face; the 2d cylindrical; its posterior border and the follow-
ing segments strongly punctured. ;

Insect black, clothed with a short grayish pile. Mouth,
extremity and summit of the clypeus, a spot on the front, articles
1-5 of the antenne, red. Prothorax, wing scales, superior
angles of the clypeus and legs, equally red. First abdominal
segment above, wholly of a sombre-red; the second bordered with
red; the border of 3d and often the anus slightly ferruginous.
Wings brownish, with violet reflections ; the side a little ferru-
ginous. .

Var. The Ist segment adorned with an orange border; the
border of 2d passing also into orange.

2. Clypeus pyriform, very coarsely eribrose, bicarinate toward
the base, prolonged and strongly truncate at the extremity ; its
little border biangulate but straight.

%. Clypeus polygonal, a little longer than wide; pale yellow,
covered with silvery hair; its anterior border subconecave, sub-
bidentate. Antenne simple, terminated by a very small sharp
nipple. Inner border of the orbits yellow or ferruginous; the
frontal spot yellow. Ridges of the metathorax still more tren-
chant, terminated superiorly by a more acute angle of a pyramidal
form.

Var. Clypeus orange.

Ress. a. diff.—This species, although similar in colors with O.
Boscii and QO. arvensis, differs essentially from them by its
lengthened thorax, strongly retracted behind, by its little meta-
thorax, by its long metathoracic spines, its much more trenchant
and elevated ridges, its slender form, its clypeus longer than
wide, and the simple antenne of the males.

The form of the abdomen slightly recalls that of the O. 4-sectus;
the livery that of O. dorsalis, variety.

Hab. The Southern United States. Carolina. Florida. 3 2
1% from Florida (H. Norton).

ODYNERUS. QAT

Division ODYNERUS.
Savss., III* divis., Sect. I14 (Ht. Vesp. I, 177); Divis. Epsilon,
. Sect. II4 (ibid. II], 254).

Forms as in Division PACHODYNERUS, but often more elongate ;
the thorax more cubical, always in shape of an elongate-
square, often rather narrowed behind. Abdomen conical as
in PACHODYNERUS, or ovale-conical, BUT THE FIRST SEGMENT
ALWAYS FULLY INCLUDING THE BASE OF THE 2D. (by excep-
tion, irregularly contracted at base of the 2d segment, the first
seyment being smaller, rather cup-shaped.—O. MOoRELII. )—
Antenne of the males terminated by a hook.

The Odyneri of this Division have forms quite approximating to
those of Division Pachodynerus, forms which have been described
above, and they differ from these principally in the antenne of
the males which have the 13th joint recurved into a little hook:

As these forms are not exactly alike in all, we arrange the spe-
cies in a Series in which we can follow the thorax as it becomes
more elongate, and rather contracted behind, with the metathorax
becoming more and. more rounded, losing its sharp edges, while
the abdomen is less conical and more and more ovate-conical.

This Division includes quite varied types, principally charac-
terized by the modifications of the metathorax (which is sharp,
spined or rounded, and blunt), and by the form of the abdomen,
quite conical or elongate and more ovate. The more elongate
species pass into the forms of the Division Stenodynerus. As
these distinctions are difficult to establish, I have prepared a
tabular statement of them.

Table to assist in distinguishing the Division OpyNERUS and STENODYNERUS,
with regard to PACHODYNERUS.

{ Pachodynerus.

{ Post-scutel truncate; abdomen conical.
\ Odynerus.
| Post-scutel truncate; abdomen spindle-shaped, the
1 first segment rather subpetiolate or funnel-shaped. Stenodynerus.
Post-seutel not truncate; oblique, posteriorly angulate,
punetate. Stenodynerus.
Thorax cubical. Pachodynerus.
Pachodynerus.
Thorax more lengthened. Odynerus.
Slenodynerus.

248 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L

{ Superior face of metathorax produced behind the
post-scutel. Stenodynerus.

Superior face of metathorax not produced behind the
post-scutel.

| a. Truncate, with the post-scutel. Packet
Odynerus.

b. Truncate, without the post-scutel, which is not
L truncate. Stenodynerus.
; Abdomen elongate, its base widely truncate. ae
' : Pachodynerus.
4 Abdomen conical. Odynerus.
Abdomen spindle-shaped, contracted at base, the first
| segment funnel-shaped or cup-shaped. Stenodynerus.
{ First abdominal segment longer or as
| long as wide. Stenodynerus.
4 First abd. segment having its superior
| Pachodynerus.
| face wider than long. | Odynerus.

Stenodynerus (by exception).

{ First abd. segment more strongly punc-
tured than the second. Stenodynerus. :
First abd. segment not so strongly punc-

Pachodynerus.

tured as the second, smooth.
Odynerus.

{ Stenodynerus.

Odynerus.

}
| First and second segments equally
i \ exceptionally.

punctured.

The insects of this group have a marked tendency to become
rugose, and the border of the 2d abdominal segment is cribrose
with strong punctures; in general, at any rate, it offers a zone,
rugose and a little impressed or channelled.

But there is a set of species which offers, on the contrary, a
smooth, shining body, with a tendency to omit the punctures.
This type is represented here by the O. bidens only, but is met
again in other genera.

The species presenting a rugose body offer a great similarity
to the European species, and this similarity goes so far that one
might attempt to indicate with certainty among them the Euro-
pean type from which they seem to be derived. So, for example,
the O. (Rhynchium) dorsale, derived from the Rhynchium ocu-
latum; the O. foraminatus from the O. simplex, ete., while those
having a smooth body which have been identified, are of a type

ODYNERUS. Q49

exclusively American. The O. bidens in particular, with its great
size, its black-violet wings, its white ornaments, forming large
spots, its smooth body, is a type of which the form has uo simi-
larity either in Europe or elsewhere, while it recalis other
Species peculiar to North America (Monobia uncinata, Ancistro-
cerus 4-sectus).

The species which form the Division Odynerus occupy in
America principally the northern temperate zone. They appear
to be yet more numerous in North America than in Europe.

Table to assist the determination of the species of Division Odynerus.

Nota.—Compare O. Crypticus (No. 95), which could not be introduced
into this table, not being sufficiently well known; and at the end of the
genus, the list of species incerte sedis.

1. Second abdominal segment having a particular form.
2. Second abdominal segment deformed.
3. Swollen posteriorly, forming two gibbosities, its margin very
deeply canaliculate and much reflexed. 110. cluniculus.
3,3. Without strong gibbosities ; the margin only strongly canalicu-
late. 111. Morelii.
2,2. Second abd. segment produced in the middle, forming a sharp
angle or tooth. productus.!
I, 1. Second abd. segment not deformed, normal, not swollen.
2. Wings black or fuscous, with violet iridescence.
3. Ornaments of the body. white or luteous.
4, Metathorax black, 2d segment margined with luteous.
101. Megera.
4,4. Metathorax maculate with luteous ; 2d segment not margined
with lutecus. * 90. bidens.
3,3. Ornaments of the body yellow or rufous.
4. Metathorax angulate.
5. First abd. segment sharply truncate at base.
82. Hidalgi, var.
5, 5. First abd. segment not so sharply truncate, more rounded.
84. { dorsalis.2
93. | annectens.
4,4. Metathorax rounded ; insect velutinous. 109. Romandinus.
2,2. Wings subhyaline or clouded or ferruginous.
3. Body much adorned with rufous; prothorax often rufous.
4. Metathorax not forming on each side a lateral dentiform angle.

1 Compare at the end of Genus Odynerus, the species incertae sedis.
2 Compare also O. Boscit and arvensis, sometimes with rather obseure
wings.

250 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

5. Insect black and dull rufous, with yellowish ornaments;
body velutinous, hairy.
6. Second abd. segment not canaliculate. 108. Guerreri.
§. Second abd. segment having its margin strongly canali-
culate. 111. Morelii.
5,5. Insect ferruginous and black, with bright yellow ornaments;
94. { annulatus.
106. pratensis.
4,4. Metathorax forming on each side a dentiform angle.
5. Size very large.
6. Wings smoky. 84. dorsalis.
$5. { proctus.
86. \ consors.

6,

abdomen polished, not velutinus.

6,6. Wings ferruginous.

5,5. Size medium or small.
6. Superior angles of prothorax not prominent.
— 99. ¢ apicalis.
7. Wings smoky. 94. + annulatus.
92. ‘ arvensis.
7, 7. Wings ferruginons.
8. Second abd. segment not canaliculate.
9. Size smaller. 98. spectabilis.
94. § annulatus.
99. Lapicalis.
8, 8. Second segment more or less canaliculate.
9. Post-scutel crenulate; abdomen conical.
89. Lturbidi.
9,9. Post-scutel not crenulate; abd. not conical.
111. Morelii.
6,6. Superior angles of metathorax prominent, separated from
post-scutel by a fissure or a notch. Size medium.
7. Margins of segments 2d, 3d, refiexed ; post-scutel ~ellow.
8. All the segments margined with yellow.
; 82. Hidalgi, var.
8, 8. Segments 1-3 margined with yellow. . f
82. Hidalgi, var.
, 7. Margins of segments 2, 3 depressed, but not reflexed;
post-scutel black. 83. Boscii.
3, 3. Body black, adorned with yellow or luteous.
4. Ornaments luteous.
5. All the abd. segments margined with luteous.
103. leucomelas.
5,5. Only 2d segment margined with luteous. 101. Megera.
4,4. Ornaments yellow.
5. Post-scutel black.
6. Segments 1, 2 margined with yellow; wings cloudy,
brownish. 83. Boscii.
6, 6. Segments all margined with yellow; wings ferruginous.
91. Alvaradi.

9,9. Size larger.

7

5,5. Post-scutel adorned with yellow.

ODYNERUS. yA |

6. Very large species. ENN Sas
86. ' consors.
6,6. Species of medium or small size.
7. Metathorax forming on each side a lateral angle.
8. Superior angles of metathorax separated from post-
scutel by a fissure or a notch.
Superior angles produced into erect spines ; scutel
yellow. 87. scutellaris.
9,9. Superior angles not spined.
10. Lateral angles acute; margin of 2d segment
reflexed; scutel black. 82. Hidalygi.
10, 10. Lateral angles obsolete; margin of 2d segment
not reflexed ; scutel inaculate.
11. Metathorax very sharp; 1st segment broadly
margined with yellow. 100. turpis.
11, 11. Metathorax not sharp; lst segment not mar-
gined in the middle. 88. Cordove.
8, 8. Superior angles of metathorax not produced.
9. Scutel yellow or maculate; clypeus 9 yellow; wings
ferruginous.
10. Second segment margined with yellow.
11. Smaller; more slender; scutel yellow.
98. spectabilis.
11,11. Larger, less slender, scutel maculate.
: 91. { apicalis.
; 97. \ formosus.
10,10. Second segment mostly yellow.
96. su/fureus.

9,9. Seutel black; clypeus 9 rufous or black and yellow.
10. Ornaments of the body bright yellow.

11. Wings smoky. 92. arvensis.
11,11. Wingssmoky-ferrnginous. 94. annulatus.
10,10. Ornaments dull yellow; wings ferruginous;

body rather pubescent. 91. Alvaradi.
7,7. Posterior face of metathorax more or less orbicular, not
forming two lateral angles.
8. Superior edges of metathorax sharp, produced, separa-
ted from post-scutel by a distinct fissure ora notch.
9. Segments 1, 2 margined with luteous.
101. AMegera.
9,9. Segments 2, 5 margined with yellow or luteous.
10. Second segment without yellow macule.
ll. First segment only maculate on the sides.
88. Cordove.
11,11. First segment margined with yellow.
12. Seutel maculate with yellow.
13. Edges of the concavity of metathorax very
sharp. 100. turpis.

252 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.
13,15. Edges of the concavity of metathorax
more blunted. 105. molestus.
12,12. Scutel black.

_ 13. Fascia of the first abd. segment narrow;

ornaments pale. 103. leucomelas.
13,13. Fascia of the first abd. segment wider;
yellow. 102. {a
107. ‘ flavopictus.
10,10. Second segment with lateral yellow macule on
fascia. 104. blandus.

8, 8. Superior angles of metathorax not produced behind
the post-scutel or scarcely produced.
9. Second segment without lateral yellow spots.
10. Metathorax strongly excavated, rough; all the
segments margined with yellow.

105. molestus.
10,10. Metathorax not strongly excavated, not rough;

2,3 segments margined with yellow.

109. Romandinus.
9,9. Second segment with lateral yellow spots or fasciz.

104. blandus.
Description of the species.

Section J.—Post-scutel sharply truncate; its transverse edge
often crenulate. Abdomen conical or ovate-conical; the

second segment not strangulated at base; the first segment
including wt very naturally.

1. Posterior plate of metathorax angulate, forming on each side
a lateral dentiform angle. (Thorax square, angulate, poste-
riorly wide, not contracted. Abdomen very conical.)

A. Concavity of the metathorax polygonal, margined with straight
or arcuate ridges, which form at their meeting 4 sharp angle.
The superior lateral edges superiorly terminating in a tooth

or eminence, separated from the post-scutel by a deep fissure,
or by a notch. :

These teeth are more distinct in the males than in the females,
sometimes obsolete in the females.1 Comp. Sec. B.

a. Ridges of the metathoraz very salient; its posterior face excavated.
* Posterior margin of 2d and 3d abdominal segments reflexed.

S2. O. Midalgi Savss.—Niger, crasse cribri instar punctatus; clypeo
in utroque sexu truncato; metanoto valde concavo, biangulato, canthis

! Principally in Odyn. Boscti and dorsalis.

ODYNERUS. 953

maxime acutis marginato; abdomine conico, basi acute truncato; seg-
mentorum 2i-4i margine grosse punctato; 2' et 34 reflexo; scapo subtus,
macula frontali, oculari, post-oculari, pronoti margine antico, post-
scutello, tegulis, macula subalari et utrinque metanoti summi, abdominis
segmentorum 1-3 marginibus, flavis; primi fascia utringue aucta;
pedibus et mandibulis ferrugineo- et flavo-variis; alis infuscatis violas-
centibus. 9. Clypeo nigro, flavo-binotato; % clypeo flavo.

Variat signaturis plus minusve fulvis (Am. borealis).

Varietas Mexicana.—Nigro et rufo-variegatus, vertice nigro; antennarum
articulis 1°, 20 ferrugineis ; pronoto, macula subalari, tegulis, scutellis,
metanoti lateribus, rufis vol flavo-variis; abdomine rufo; segmentorum
limbo fiavo-vario; 14, 2' basi nigro-angulato, pedibus rufis.— % . Clypeo,
capitis signaturis et scapi fascia, flavis ; pronoti limbo, scutellis, macula
subalari et: tibiis aurantiacis.

9. Total length, 13-14 mm.; wing, 10-11 mm.
*,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

Odyn. Hidalgi Savss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 275 (var).

Appearance of a Rhynchium, but the mouth quite as in Ody-
nerus ; the joints of the maxillary palpi becoming regularly shorter
from the first to the last.

Clypeus punctured, widely truncate, its inferior part rather
flattened and laterally bicarinate. Thorax in the form of an
elongate square, not contracted posteriorly, densely and coarsely
punctured. Post-scutel sharply truncate, strongly crenulate.
Metathorax very rough on its superior and lateral face; its
posterior concavity occupying its whole width, shining, strigose,
margined with very sharp edges, which form on each side a very
strong dentiform angle, and which terminates superiorly in two
eminences separated from the post-scutel by two deep fissures.
Abdomen silky, quite conical, not ovate ; its first segment large,
as wide as the second, sharply truncate anteriorly; the margin
of 2d and following segments quite coarsely cribrose; the border
of the 2d and 3d reflexed but not channelled. Mandibles, a
frontal mark, inner orbits, post-ocular fascia, scape of the antenne
beneath, anterior margin of prothorax, a spot beneath the wing,
tegule, post-scutel, a mark on each superior angle of metathorax,
yellow or rather fulvous; segments 1-3 margined with yellow,
the fascia of the first much widened on the sides or fused with an
oblique fascia, often rufous. Legs ferruginous, black at base;
tibiz with a yellow line, or entirely yellow. Wings infuscated,

254 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

brown with violet iridescence, or fusco-violaceous ; the base paler
or a little ferruginous.

Var. Prothorax often with some rufous color; the yellow
changing to fulvous.

%. A little smaller. Macule of metathorax larger; its supe-
rior ridges very salient, more arcuate, terminated superiorly by a
sharp tooth. Mandibles and clypeus yellow; this last polygonal,
wider than long; the angles of its inferior wide margin somewhat
toothed, the inferior part not prolonged as in O. arvensis.

Mexican variety 2?.—Insect rufous and black. Head black ;
mandibles, clypeus, margins of the orbits complete or interrupted
at the vertex, a spot on the forehead, and at base of antennae,
rufous; prothorax, tegule, a spot beneath them, rufous; scutel

rafous, notched, with black at base; their margins all yellow;

the margin of the first segment widened on the sides. Anus
yellow. Feet rufous, varied with yellow. Wings smoky, mixed
with ferruginous (O. Hidalgi Sss., 1. c.).

Var. Clypeus, scape of the antenne, and forehead, ete., varied
with yellow.

%. Mandibles, orbits, a triangle on the forehead, a line on the
scape of the antenne, yellow; flagellum often ferruginous beneath ;
the hook ferruginous. Margin of prothorax, scutel, a spot under
the wing, and tibix, often yellow.

Ress. a diff.—This species is peculiar in having its first segment
sharply truncate in a right or even more acute angle. It differs
from the O. Boscw and arvensis in its reflexed 2d and 3d abdo-
minal segments, its more sharply truncate Ist segment; in its
more elevated metathoracic post-scutellar eminences, its more
truncate clypeus. .

The type (northern variety) differs from O. Bosczz in its yellow
post-scutel and black scutel.

The Mexican (rufous variety) recalls O. Guerrert and Liurbidt.
It differs from the first in its form and its not bidentate post-

scutel; from the second in its metathorax, superiorly very sharp, |

in the reflexed margin of the 3d segment, the abdomen being
sharply truncate at base, not rounded, ete.

Hab. United States. New York. Louisiana (E. Norton).—
The temperate part of Mexico. I caught 2 ?, 1 %, var., in the
hot part of the province of Mexico, near Cuautta and Cuerna-
cava. Tamaulipasl ?.

bd
sy
nr

ODY NERUS.

** Posterior margin of 2d and 3d abdominal segments not reflexed, but impressed
and rough.

83. O. Boscii Leret.—Medius, rugosus, clypeo late piriformi, dentibus
2 distantibus terminato; O. arvensi simillimus at clypeo minus grosse
punctato, metanoti canthis superioribus acutissimis, crenatis; niger,
rufo et flavo variegatus, sed pronoto sxpius rufo, flavo-marginato,
scutello flavo- vel rufo-bimaculato, post-scutello nigro; abdominis seg-
mentis 9 19-29, % 19-49 flavo-limbatis; primo quandoque ante mar-
ginem rufo.

Odyn. Boscit Leren. St. Farg. Hyménop. II, 637, 22 % (1841).—Saoss.
Vespid.\l, 177, 69;! pl. xvii, fig. 10, 4; III, 231, 9.
Odyn. castigatus Sauss. Vespid. I, 178, 71 (1852).

Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

2. Size, form, and puncturing of the O. arvensis, or a little
less coarsely punctured. Clypeus widely pyriform, punctuate-
striate, terminated by two little separated teeth. Post-scutel
strongly crenulate. Metathorax laterally bidentate; its spini-
form angles situated a little lower than in the species cited; the
posterior plate strongly concave, striate throughout and distinctly
bordered with very sharp and trenchant ridges, above all between
the spiniform angle and the post-scutel; these ridges a little
crenulate and terminating superiorly in a sort of tooth or rather
a crenulate angle separated from the post-scutel by a notch; their
inner face a little rugose, punctured.

Insect densely and rugosely punctured; the metathorax above
very rugose. Abdomen conic; the first segment truncate at base,
at_ a right angle, but the transverse edge rounded, not sharp.
Border of the 2d abdominal segment depressed, coarsely punc-
tured, but not reflexed; those following strongly punctured.
Insect black. Mouth, clypeus, spots behind the eyes, red or
orange ; an are or two spots at the summit of the clypeus, one on
the front, and inner border of the orbits, orange ; articles 1, 2 of
the antenne red or orange, with an obscure line above. Prothorax
red; the anterior border orange; tegule red, spotted with yellow;
spot under the wing orange or red; clypeus black, with some-
what of red and two yellow spots; two orange spots at the summit
‘of the metathorax ; segments 1, 2 of the abdomen bordered with
yellow; the border of the first widened on the sides; this widen-

' In place of Long. = 0.018, read: = 0.012.

256 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

ing varied with red or often almost entirely red. Legs yellow or
red, with the base of the thighs obscure. Wings of a brown-
reddish, slightly darkened, with some violet reflections (Carolina).

Var. a. Edges of metathorax a little blunted by the rugosities.

b. Prothorax black, slightly bordered with red and very slen-
derly with yellow ; ornaments of the head red ; borders of the abdo-
men narrow. Clypeus black, with a yellow band on the summit.

e. Clypeus black, with two yellow spots.

d. Clypeus black, with two red points (New England). The
yellow and the red take each other’s places and are more or less
developed. Base of legs black.

e. Prothorax black, ornamented with yellow, without red.

f. The 3d segment bordered with yellow.

g. Insect distinctly black and yellow, without red. The orna-
ments of a sharp yellow. Clypeus black, with a yellow arcuate
band on the summit; a yellow line on the scape (New York,
Tennessee).

h. Spots on the scutel very small or none.

%&. Clypeus yellow, but little notched; post-scutel red or
yellow; first abdominal segment red, bordered with yellow.
Segments 3, 4 adorned with a yellow edging.

Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus differs from the O. dorsalis @
by its wider clypeus, and by the trenchant and elevated ridges
which border the concavity of the metathorax above the spiniform
angle, also by its smaller size, etc. From the O. arvensis by
these same metathoracic ridges, which are more salient and
crenulate, which one may perceive especially in profile; by its
black post-scutel and its scutel spotted with yellow; by its 3d
segment, a little less strongly punctured; its final segments not
bordered with yellow. Nevertheless these two species are allied.
—From the 0. Hidalgi by the absence of the reflexed border of
segments 2, 3, by the black post-scutel, the lst segment not so
acutely truncate, etc.

Hab. The United States, at the South. Florida, 19. South
Carolina, 2 9. Tennessee, 3 9. New York and Connecticut,
3 2 (E. Norton).

The specimens coming from the South are especially marked

with red; those of the north become black and yellow.
Observation.—Lepel de St. Fargeau has described a male, and
I unfortunately possess only females. He was evidently mis-

ODYNERUS. 257

taken in saying that the post-scutel is slightly crenulate ; how-
ever, one finds under this description some variations according
to specimens.

S4. ©. dorsalis! Fasr.—Validus, niger, valde punctatus; clypeo
integro, metanoto postice striato, utrinque dente armato, marginibus
rugosis, obliteratis, nullomodo acutis, canthis ? nullis, % elevatias-
culis ; ore, clypeo, antennarum articulis 1-3, maculis post-ocularibus,
pronoto, scutello, tegulis, rufis ; pronoto medio, post.scutello et abdo-
minis primi segment margine, flavis; margine secundi et tertii rugo-
sissime punctatis:—‘% antennis basi, maculaque subalari rufa; abdo-
minis segmentorum margine 20, 3° flavo, secundo reflexo, subcanali-
culato; pedibus flavis, basi nigris; alis fusco-cyaneis.

Variat a fusco et ferrugineo-variegato ad omnino ferrugineum; primo
segmento flavo-marginato.

Vespa dorsalis Far. Syst. Ent. 367, 25 (1775). Ent. Syst. 265, 44.—
Ouiv. Eneycl. Meth. VI, 685, 81.

Polistes dorsalis Fasr. Syst. Piez., 273, 19.

Rhynchium baltcatum Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 383, 1.—Say’s Entom. Lz
Conte, II,764, 1.

Monobia sylvatica Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 168.2

Rhynchium Louisianum Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 106, 7; pl. xiii, fig. 93 (1852).

Rhynchium dorsale Sauss. Et. Vespid. II, 171.

Q. Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 14 mm.
*,. Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 12 mm.

2. Large. Clypeus wider than long, but pyriform, terminated
by a truncation or even a little rounded; its surface covered with
quite fine punctures. Mandibles long, hooked; armed in the
middle of their inner border with 3 or 4 oblique teeth, but their
final portion simply cutting, not dentate. Head and thorax
densely cribrose with strong punctures; prothorax retracted
before. Scntel briefly truncate, bearing a crenulate crest, inter-
rupted in the middle. Metathorax very coarsely punctured, very
rugose upon its borders; quite variable according to specimens ;
its hinder plate quite flattened, striate, forming on each side a
dentiform angle (at times blunted); its superior borders some-
times quite trenchant, sometimes effaced, scareely offering tren-

1 Compare Rhynchium dorsale, page 143.

2 Compare page 132, No. 3, most likely a different species.

3 On the inscription upon this plate, in place of: 9. Rh. dimbatum, read :
10. Rh. limbatum; and in place of: 10. RA. Loutisanum, read: 9. Rh. Loutsi-
anum,

17

258 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

chant ridges, but rounded and rugose, rarely elevated so as to be
separated from the post-scutel by a fissure, so that the post-scutel
appears very salient. The concavity striate, its borders rugose.
The superior crest salient or effaced. Abdomen wide, conical ;
the first segment truncate, but rounded, without a ridge; the 2d
segment finely punctured, offering along its posterior margin a
wide rugose band, a little depressed, garnished with coarse punc-
tures; this band a little widened in the middle, but the little
border (the very edge) smooth; following segments strongly
punctured, with the extreme margin smooth. ;

Black Variety.—Insect biack; mouth, clypeus, a spot on the
front, inner border of the orbits, a great spot behind each eye, arti-
cles 1-3 of the antenne, rufous; prothorax, tegulz, scutel, equally
rufous; in the middle of the prothorax a double spot and on the
post-scutel a line or two dots, yellow; first abdominal segment
ornamented with a yellow border widened on the sides. Legs
black, knees, tibize, and tarsi, yellow. Wings of a deep brown
violet.

Var. a. Scutellum black.

b. Border of 2d and 3d abdominal segments brown.

c. Border of 2d and 3d segments narrowly yellow.

d. Clypeus black, spotted with ferruginous. Scutel black, with
two red spots. ,

e. Disk of mesothorax with two hooked rufous macule.

f. The ferruginous more extended; two ferruginous spots on
the mesothorax; scutel and metathorax ferruginous; abdomen
ferruginous with the first two segments notched with black at the
base and their border yellow (Louisiana) (Polistes dorsalis Fabr.
Rh. Louisianum Sauss.).

g. Almost entirely ferruginous, with the border of the first
segment yellow. Legs, mandibles, orbits, varied with orange
(Illinois).

h. The two metathoracic teeth blunted, not very distinct.

Rufous Variety.—The whole insect rufo-ferruginous; scape
beneath, hinder margin of prothorax, tegule, a line on the post-
scutel, border of the lst segment of the abdomen, yellow; feet
mostly yellow, and the flagellum only of the antenne black.—
Mexico.

—a. A spot on the vertex, anterior part of mesothorax, base
of the first two segments of the abdomen black (Tennessee),

ODYNERUS. 959

—b. All the intermediate degrees between the black and the
rufous variety (Illinois, Tennessee).

%. Metathorax less blunted on the latero-superior borders of
the concavity, the superior edges more elevated, forming lines of
salient rugosity, and separated from the post-scutel on each side
by a fissure ; often exhibiting two slightly crenulate salients; the
two lateral teeth very sharp. Abdomen more conical.

A little smaller; clypeus as long as wide, yellow. Mandibles,
inner borders of orbits, spot on the front, and a line on the scape
of the antenne, in general, yellow; hook of the antenne ferru-
ginous. A red spot under the wing. Borders of abdominal
segments 2, 3 adorned with yellow; the 2d reflexed, strongly
channelled; rugosities of these two borders excessively strong.
Wing not so deeply colored as in female.

Var. a. Angles of metathorax red; a little red bordering the
yellow within the black notch of the first segment, especially on
the right and the left.

b. wo yellow dots on the superior face of the metathorax and
two beneath the wings.

c. The whole anterior border of the prothorax red, widely
margined with yellow.

d. Wings transparent. Scutellum black.—Illinois (Walsh).

e. Body more and more rufous.

This species seems to become more rufous as it goes southward.
It is also rather variable in the strength of the punctures.

Ress. a. diff.—The O. dorsalis is remarkable for the inequality
of the metathorax in the different sexes, from whence it results
that the males are well placed in this section, while the females
seem by their effaced ridges to go better into the Divisions B. or
©. The species greatly resembles the O. Boscii and arvensis,
but above all it differs from them by its greater size, by its trun-
cate, not bidentate clypeus, and by its more obscure wings. It
differs from the O. Boscié by the less elevated ridges of the meta-
thorax, and from the arvensis by the more elevated ridges. The
ferruginous individuals resemble the O. Zturbidi. Finally, the
species is clearly different by its maxillary palpi, which are those
of a Rhynchium.

' With the O. dorsalis, the maxillary palpi have the Ist article large;
the 2d and 3d slender and long; the last three quite small. The 3d

260 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART ..

Hab. The United States, especially the South. I possess divers
individuals taken in Pennsylvania (Rathvon), Illinois (Walsh),
Tennessee (Fuchs), Louisiana (Norton), South Carolina (author).
I have taken the red variety in Mexico.

Observation.—I am not entirely certain whether my Monobia
silvatica should be fused into this species or whether it is a true
Monobia, the label of it being uncertain and the palpi having been
found in an imperfect state. The type I cannot examine again.

$5. 0. proctus Cresson.—Pallide ferrugineus ; orbitis, clypeo, margine

\ antico pronoti, scutellis, macula subalari, pedibus partim abdominisque
segmentorum li, 2‘, marginibus, obscure-flavidis; antennis mediis
nigrescentibus ; alis pallide flavescentibus. 9°.

Odyn. Proctus Cresson, Phila. Ent. Proceed. IV, 1865, 159.

Total length, 8.6 lines; expanse of wing, 15 lines.

9. Head dull-ferruginous, dusky above the insertion of each
antenne, around the ocelli and on the occiput; inner orbits of
the eyes, filling up the deep sinus, a small subcordate mark
between the antennx, the clypeus, and most of the mandibles
yellowish; clypeus large, closely punctured, flattened on the disk,
and slightly and obtusely emarginate at tip; mandibles black at
tip; palpi pale ferruginous ; antenne yellowish-ferruginous, the —
scape yellowish beneath. Thorax fusco-ferruginous, closely and
rather deeply punctured, covered with a very short, fine, dull
yellowish, subsericeus pile; broad anterior margin of the pro-
thorax above, continued in a narrow line to the tegule, and a
large spot on each side of the pleura, yellowish; mesothorax
fusco-ferruginous, tinged with blackish on the anterior and poste-
rior margins, the disk, with.two distant, very faint, longitudinal,
ferruginous lines, confluent behind the middle; scutellum and
post-scutellum yellowish, the apical margin of the former blackish,
and the yellowish portion divided down the middle by a faint
fuscous line; metathorax yellow, the. suture between it and the
post-sentellum, as well as a large spot on the apical middle, fusco-
ferruginous; posterior face rather suddenly depressed, with a
small tubercle on each side at the angulation; pleura fuscous

article is not longer than the last two taken together, but yet the species
may be placed in the genus Rhynchium.—Compare what has been said
apropos of the genus Rhynchium, page 142.

\

ODYNERUS. 261

beneath ; tegula dull yellowish, with a ferruginous stain on the
middle. Abdomen oblong ovate, the basal segiment dome-shaped,
obtusely rounded at base, without transverse suture at carina,
distinctly punctured, the remaining segments indistinctly so;
apical margins of all the segments above narrowly yellowish,
almost divided on the disk by a narrow line, those of the second
and third segment broader and dilated on the extreme sides,
especially on the first segment, where there is a rather large
triangular mark; the bands on the remaining segments more or
less emarginate on each side anteriorly ; apical segment with a
large, broad, angular, dull yellowish mark on the middle; beneath
marked as above, except that the apical segment is immaculate,
and the second segment is almost entirely yellowish, with three
ferruginous spots arranged transversely near the apical margin.

Legs deep yellowish, the femora above and at base beneath
pale yellowish and pale ferruginous. Wings deep yellowish-
hyaline, faintly dusky. at tips; nervures honey-yellow.

Var. This species certainly varies much into black, rufous aud
yellow.

Ress. a..diff.—I do not know this species, and I can only copy
the good description of it given by EH. T. Cresson, so that I can
not be perfectly sure it should be placed in this section. It is
very distinct by its enormous size, still larger than O. dorsalis;
being the largest North American Odynerus. It is most likely a
Rhynchium, as well as O. dorsatis. I quite agree with the
presumption of Mr.Cresson, that O. consors may be its male.

Hab. Cuba.

86. O. comsors Cresson.—Niger; puncto frontali, orbitis, clypeo, pro-
noto antice, tegulis, macula subalari, scutellis, metathorace partim,
pedibus, abdominisque segmentorum limbo, flavidis ; abdomine fusco,
segmentis 1° et 30 nigrescentibus ; alis ferruginescentibus apice griseis.

Odyn. consors Cresson, Phila. Ent. Proceed. IV, 1865, 160.

Total length, 7 lin.; expanse of wing, 11 lin

%. Head black, deeply and closely punctured; the orbits, fill-
ing up the sinus in front, a spot between the antenna, dilated
above, clypeus, labrum, and mandibles, except tips, yellow (in
one specimen more or less ferruginous); antenne nearly as long

262 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

as the thorax, terminating in a hook, black, tinged with ferrugi-
nous at base and tips, scape yellowish beneath. Thorax dull
blackish, densely punctured, slightly pubescent; broad anterior
margin of prothorax continued in a narrow line to the tegule,
sometimes interrupted, a large spot beneath the tegule, scutellum,
except its apical margin, and post-scutellum, yellowish, sometimes
tinged with ferruginous; pleura slightly sericeous in certain lights,
with an oblique dull yellowish stain on each side beneath; meta-
thorax mostly yellowish, the extreme sides spotted or sfained with
fuscous, the posterior face deeply and broadly excavated, covered
with fine transverse striz, more or less distinct, and with a large
blackish mark, covering the disk and spreading out on each side
at base; lateral angles prominent and obtuse; tegule yellowish,
with a ferruginous spot on the middle. Abdomen shaped and
marked as in the preceding species, but the general color fuscous,
with the third and sometimes the first segments, except their
apical margins, blackish, and the spot on the terminal segment
above, scarcely defined.

Legs yellow, the femora tinged with ferruginous above. Wings
yellowish-hyaline, more deeply yellowish along the costa; the
apex, especially about the marginal cell, dusky; nervures honey-
yellow.

Hab. Cuba.

This is most probably the male of O. proctus, as E. T. Cresson
supposes. But not having the insects before my eyes, { cannot
safely decide it, nor make one description answer for both.

b. The hinder face of metathorax more fiattened; tts superior edges not
so salient.

* The superior ridges forming two elevated spines behind the post-scutel.

$7. @ scutellaris Savss.—Niger, thorace valde punctato, postice
attenuato; post-scutello acute truncato; metanoti facie postica planata,
valde angulata, utrinque dentata, canthis rectis marginata, supra pone
post-scutellum bispinosa; abdomine gracili, punctato; primo segmento
basi truncato; segmentis sequentibus margine fortius pnnctato ; macula
frontali, post-oculari, pronoti margine, tegulis, macula subalari, seutelli
margine, post-scutello, metanoti dentulis, abdominisque segmentorum
li_4' margine pedibusque, flavis ; alis fusco-ferrugineis, nebulosis.

%,. Clypeo ovato-elongato, flavo, apice breviter bidentato.

Odyn. scutellaris Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 58, 11, 4.
Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

ODYNERWUS. 263

%. Form quite slender, a little depressed as with the Ancistro-
cerus tigris. Thorax slightly prolonged, wide before, retracted
behind. Post-scutel very freely truncate, offering a very sharp,
finely crenulate ridge. Metathorax vertical; its truncation quite
flat, wide, occupying all its width, forming a plate of a very
angulate shape, as with the Ancistrocerus, notched at the
summit by the post-scutel (in the form of a double pentagon or a
double trapezium); this plate, surrounded by small, straight,
little salient ridges, which at their meeting form very sharp angles,
forming thus on each side an angle armed with a tooth; their
superior angles forming two teeth, wholly spiniform, directed
vertically and placed behind the angles of the post-scutel. Abdo-
men slender; tlie first segment quite long and as wide as the 2d,
distinctly truncate at its base and offering on ws anterior face a
trace of a suture. Head and thorax rugosely, abdomen finely
punctured; the border of 2d segment more strongly punctured,
offering, however, but one depressed band, only becoming thinner
as far as the end. Following segment rather strongly punctured.

Insect black, clothed with a tawny or grayish pile; a dot on
the front, another behind each eye, anterior border of prothorax,
tegule, a spot beneath the wing, posterior border of the scutel,
post-scutel, and the four little spiniform teeth of the metathorax,
orange; segments 1-4 of the abdomen bordered with orange;
bordering of the first wide and notched; that of 2d wide and
regular; that of 3d and 4th narrow, often shortened at the sides.
Legs yellow, black at base. Wings washed with ferruginous.

%. Clypeus ovoid, notably wider than long, a little notched
and bidentate, yellow. Mandibles spotted with yellow. On each
side of the frontal spot. a place of golden hair. Antenne long
and thick, black, with a terminal ferruginous hook; scape very
short, yellow beneath. Fifth segment ornamented with a yellow
incomplete border. Legs yellow; thighs varied with brown.

2. Unknown.

fess. a. diff.—This species described simply from one male, is
necessarily incompletely characterized, but it is very easy to
recognize, from the form of the metathorax, of which the poly-
gonal and flattened plate recalls those of the true Ancistrocerus,
but with this difference, that it is still more angular, the latero-
superior ridges not being arcuate. Despite the vestige of a
suture of the first segment, this Odynerns incontestably appertains

264 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 3.

to the true Odynerus, considering the form of the lateral angles
of the metathorax and the presence of the post-seutellar teeth.
It resembles them more in the strongly punctured border of the
2d and following segments.

This species has the thorax built up upon another system from
the O. Boscii and its neighbors; it is less excavated; the superior
ridges are more convergent and the teeth which terminate them
at the summit are spiniform and almost applied to the post-scutel.

Compare with the O. spinifer, which presents similar characters
(Divis. Stenodynerus).

Hab. California (Berton).

** The superior edges of metathorax very slight, only forming behind the post-seutel
two very small teeth.

88. ©. Cordovwee Sauss.—Niger, sericeus; capite et thorace rugose
punctatis; post-scutello crenulato; metanoto utrinque obtuse subangu-
lato, foveola subplanata, superne acutiuscule marginata; abdomine
ovato-conico, segmentorum 2-5 margine crassiuscule punctato; clypeo
summo, scapo subtus, capitis et pleuraram maculis, pronoti margini-
bus, tegulis, punctis 2 scutelli; post-scutello, metanoti angulis, abdo-
minis segmentorum 2-5 margine, primi utrinque macula, ano, tibiis
tarsisque, flavis; alis subferrugineis apice griseis. Q.

Odyn. Cordove Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 58 10, Q.

Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

°. Head and thorax densely and roughly punctate. Forehead
a little suleate. Prothorax having its anterior margin convex,
reflexed, subangulate ; post-scutel crenulate. Metathorax very
coarsely punctured above, rather flattened behind; its convexity
not deep, strigose, not margined, except superiorly, where there
exists a little oblique ridge, produced by the rugosities, forming
a little tooth behind the post-scutel; this is separated from the
post-scutel by a sort of fissure. Lateral angles of metathorax
distinct, but blunt. Abdomen ovate-conical, truncate at base,
smooth and sericeous. Second segment very finely punctured ;
its margin and the following segments strongly punctured.

Black; mandibles rufous; scape beneath, frontal, ocular, and
post-ocular macula, yellow. Anterior and posterior margins of
prothorax, a spot under the wing, tegulx, two spots or the scutel,
post-scutel, and angles of metathorax yellow; segments 2-5 of
the abdomen regularly and rather widely margined with yellow;

ODYNERUS. 265

the first having on each side a lateral emarginate yellow spot.
Anus, knees, tibie, and tarsi, and a spot on the intermediate
coxe, yellow. ‘The yellow ornaments rather orange-yellow.
Wings ferruginous at the base, smoky at the extremity.

Var.? The first abdominal segment narrowly margined.

2. Clypeus broad, a little bidentate at tip, strigate punctate,
black, with a yellow are on the summit, and two rufous lines
over the teeth.

fess. a. diff.—Resembles O. nasidens, diabolicus, argentinus,
and neighbors, but the abdomen is not so conical, the first seg-
ment not so broad, the body not velutinous as in the first, the
metathorax not spined as in dzabolicus, the thorax not so square,
short, and ‘wide as in argentinus, the head concave behind, the
prothorax rather convex anteriorly. It has also something of
the hook of O. La Platx, but the metathorax is not so margined
superiorly by arched ridges. In its livery it differs from all of
these. This recalls more O. zonatus, which differs from it in the
same characters as O. La Platx, etc.—Comp. O. formosus.

Hab. Mexico. The Cordillera of Cordova (1 9, Sumichrast).

B. Meltathorax as in Section A, but the superior edges of its
hinder plate not so much elevated, no longer forming, in the
Jemales, distinct teeth behind the post-scutel, nor even eleva-
tions separated from post-sculel by two fissures. Ils edges
still rather distinct, linear.

a. Metathorax excavated; edges straight.

$9. ©. Iturbidi Savss. (Fig. 15, 15a.)—Validus, valde punctatus;
post-scutello crenulato, metanoto perrugoso, utrinque angulato, margi-
nibus superis rugosis, canthis obliteratis, vix perspicuis; abdominis
secundi segmenti margine profunde canaliculato, et valde rugoso.
Caput et thorax nigra; ore, clypeo, orbitis partim, macula frontali,
antennarum articulis 1-4, pronoto, macula subalari, scutellis, tegulis,
metanoti angulis pedibusque, ferrugineis; abdomine ferrugineo, seg-
mentis ochraceo-marginatis; primo et secundo basi incisura nigra; alis
ferrugineis.

*. Clypeo polygonali, truncato, integro; frequenter flavo.

Odyn. Iturbidi Sauss. Rev. Zool. IX, 1857, 276, %.

Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 12 mm.

Size and form of O. Bosct?. Head and thorax eribrose with
coarse punctures. Post-scutel strongly crenulate. Metathorax

266 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

very rugose, its posterior face concave and striate; its borders
not trenchant but coarsely punctured, rugose, and forming on
each side a dentiform angle rather than a tooth; its superior
ridges hardly indicated, especially upon the summit, where they
describe on each side a little arc, but without being at all termi-
nated by a pyramidal point. Abdomen silky; the lst segment
bell-shaped, not being abruptly terminated anteriorly, but rounded,
so that its anterior and superior faces are not separated by a ridge.
Second segment short, having its border very strongly canali-
culate, a little reflexed and very coarsely punctured; the canal
rugose, and slightly widened: angularly in the middle. Margin
of the following segment very coarsely punctured, but not cana-
liculate.

Head black. Clypeus, mouth, and border of the orbits, ferru-
ginous. Antenne black, with the first three articles ferruginous.
Between their insertion a ferruginous triangle. Thorax black.
Prothorax, a spot under the wing, tegule, scutelli, angles of
metathorax, and legs, ferruginous. Abdomen ferruginous; all the
segments bordered with obscure yellow; the Ist and 2d having a
little of black at their base; this color profoundly notched with
ferruginous, and forming on the 2d segment a triangle, and on
the Ist a lengthened spot in the form of a bottle, or variable.
These colors are in fact quite variable; in certain specimens one
sees some yellow appear on the clypeus, on the border of pro-
thorax, on the post-scutel, and on the tibiz ; among other things,
the abdominal segments hardly offer a yellow cloud. Wings fer-
ruginous.

%. Clypeus polygonal, as wide as long, truncate, not biden-
tate, ferruginous. Hook of the antennz ferruginous.

2Var. The ferruginous parts of a pale red. Clypeus, mouth,
frontal spot, a line on the scape of the antenne, yellow. Ridges
of metathorax a little less effaced; the canal of the border of 2d
segment very wide and shallow. (Mesothorax offering two
laterai red spots a little before the tegule. Articles 2 and 8 of
the maxillary palpi slender.) Cordova.

The maxillary palpi of this Odynerus have their last three
articles small, but not small enough to cause it to be placed in
the genus Rhynchium, to which it bears, in fact, a resemblance.

_ Ress. a, diff.—It is very near to the O. Guerreri and Hidalgi

ODYNERUS. 267

Mexican var. (See the description of these species.) In coiors
it wholly resembles the Ancistrocerus tuberculiceps.

It has a greater relation in form to the O. arvensis, but it is a
little larger, and it differs from it by the border of the 2d segment,
which is not only depressed, but very subcanaliculate; and by
the clypeus & which is entire, not bidentate, but rather rounded
on its anterior border.

Finally, it differs from the O. dorsalis % by its wings, which
are not violet; by the border of the 2d segment, which is not as
distinctly reflexed as in the O. dorsalis, and by the summit of
the metathorax, which does not offer post-scutellar crenuiate
eminences. ‘The palpi are also a little more slender.

Hab. The hot parts of Mexico. I have taken 4 % of this
species in the valley of Mextitlan, and the var. in Cordova.

90. O. bidems Sauss. (Fig. 14, 14a.)—Validus, niger, nitidus ; meta-
noto postice late excavato, acute marginato, bidentato; clypeo 9 4%
apice truncato, haud bidentato; abdomine conico, sparse punctato,
margine segmentorum 2i-5! densius punctato; pronotiet metanoti macu-
lis 2, post-scutello abdominisque primo segmento superne, albidis ; alis
fusco-cyaneis.

*. Clypeo albido, puncto mandibularum, scapi et frontis, maculisque 2
transversis in secundi abdominis segmenti basi, albidis ; pedibus albido-
variis.

Odyn. bidens Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 58, 12.

Total length, 20 mm.; wing, 17 mm.

®. A large species. Clypeus covered with separated points;
its extremity abruptly truncate, not bidentate, and without
depression. Head large, swelled at the vertex, shining, and
covered with separated punctures. Thorax long, square, shin-
ing, finely punctured; prothorax hardly reflexed, not angulate,
slightly retracted before; mesothorax marked with four grooves;
post-scutel bent, transverse, joining in the truncation of the meta-
thorax, but not crenulate. Metathorax presenting a great striate
concavity, which occupies the ‘whole width, bounded by very
sharp ridges, which are separated from the post-scutel by a groove,
and form on each side a dentiform lateral angle. Abdomen quite
conical, the first segment wide, truncate before; the 2d quite long;
its border carrying a wide, not very strong band of punctures;
this band not channelled, but flat, as if planed; following seg:
ments punctured, with a similar band.

268 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Insect of a shining black, clothed with a fine grayish pile; a
spot behind each eye, two great spots on the prothorax, two on
the metathorax, post-scutel, and the superior face of the first
abdominal segment, of a whitish yellow (the band of the first seg-
ment often notched with black); wings of a deep violet-brown.

%. Thorax more strongly cribrose. Clypeus white, wider than
long, polygonal; its inferior border straight truncate, not biden-
tate, finely bordered with black, a spot on each mandible, a mark
on the front, another on the scape of each antenna, a dot under
the wing, whitish. Antenne terminated by a brown hook, a little
rolled at the end. -Second abdominal segment adorned on each
side near its base with a transverse whitish spot. Haunches,
tibie, and knees spotted with white. First abdominal segment
wholly white above.

Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus astonishingly resembles the
Monobia quadridens, and it is rare to find two as distinct species
which offer so close a likeness. The O. bidens differs from the
Monobia quadridens, by its maxillary palpi composed of six
articles,! and its labial palpi of four distinct articles; the fourth
being articulate; by its clypeus, which is abruptly truncate in
both sexes, and neither a little notched nor bidentate, and which’
is not excavated at the extremity with the female; by the post-
scutel, more truncate, not bimammelonate, and by the very dis-
tinctly punctured flat band of the 2d segment; by the white spots
of the metathorax (a character probably of little stability).

The OQ. 4-sectus has a livery similar to the O. bidens, but it
possesses neither the metathoracic teeth, nor the sharp lateral
ridges.

Hab. The southern United States. 1 2 from Florida (E.
Norton); a % from Tennessee (KE. Falconet, Freudenreich).

Observation.—As this description is based solely on one indi-
vidual of each sex, it may not apply to all specimens brought from
localities distant from each other. It is probable that the male
does not always offer the*very singular lateral spots of the 2d
segment.

b. Metathorax more flattened; the superior edges roughened, not acute.

91. O. AlWaradi Savss.—Niger, velutinus, confertim punctatus ;
abdomine conico, aureo-sericeo, marginibus crasse punctatis ; metanoti

1 The maxillary palpi have here the ordinary form which they assume
among the Odyneri; the articles 2, 3 are not slender; the 6th is lengthened.

ODYNERWUS. 269

marginibus hebetatis at supra tenuiter prominulis, a post-scutello per
emarginationem sejunctis; capitis maculis, linea in scape, pronoti mar-
gine postico, post-scutello, tegulis, macula prealari et puncto utringue
ractanoti summi, margineque regulari segmentorum omnium abdoiminis,
fulvo-ochraceis; tibiis et tarsis ferrugineis ; alis ferrugineis; 92 clypeo
late piriformi, nigro vel superne fascia fulva; ©% late truncato, bidentato,
fulvo-tlavescente. .

Odyn. Alvarado Sauss. Rev. de Zool. 1X, 1857, 276.

®. Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*%,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.

Size moderate. Clypeus 2 wide, terminated by a little truncate
or bituberculate point; cribrose with strong punctures. Head
and thorax rugosely punctured. Post-scutel very short, truncate,
crenulate. Metathorax very rugose above; the strie specially
distinct in the inferior moiety, the superior moiety being more
smooth and punctured; the inferior moiety forming a fossette,
separate and slightly margined superiorly. Lateral border of
the concavity rounded, not at all trenchant, the latero-superior
parts coarsely punctured, rugose; nevertheless one sees on each
side a little spiniform angle directed laterally and on the summit
a trace of an arcuate ridge, placed a little within, especially among
the males; superior angles $ forming two salients, rugose and
blunted, separated from the post-scutel by a notch. Abdomen
conical, like satin, with golden reflections, having the border of
all the segments, save the first, quite strongly punctured; but the
punctured band of the second quite wide and slightly impressed.

Insect black, clothed with tawny hair. Two spots on the
summit of the clypeus, another behind each eye, a dot on the
front, and a line under the scape of the antenne, tawny. The
summit of the clypeus is often entirely of this color, as well as
the inner border of the orbits. Posterior margin of the prothorax,
wing seales, a dot before the wing, post-scutel, and a dot on each
side, on the summit of the metathorax, ferruginous or tawny.
All the segments of the abdomen regularly bordered with yellow-
tawny; the first more narrowly than the second. Legs black;
tibie and tarsi ferruginous. Wings washed with ferruginous, a
little grayish at the end,

%. Clypeus as long as wide; its inferior margin widely trun-
eate and armed with two little teeth separated by a wide straight
border, in the middle of which is often a third indistinct salient.

270 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Clypeus, a line on the mandibles, and the line on the scape of
the antenne, of a pale tawny.

Var. No spots on the front nor on the metathorax.

ess. a. diff—This Odynerus is easily recognized by its livery
and its velvety aspect.

It differs from the O. Guerrerz by its conical abdomen and by
the superior salients of the metathorax; from the O. foraminatus,
by its metathoracie concavity, not nearly so well limited, and by
the salients of the superior angles, which are not sharp, but rugose,
obtuse, and separated from the post-scutel, not by a little fissure,
but by a wide notch. By its livery it recalls the O. otomztus,
which is near to it, but differs in its conical, sessile abdomen,
having the first segment wide and truncate, in its great size, etc.

Hab. The hot and temperate parts of Mexico. (I caught 4 3,
2 2 in the valley of Mexlitlan.)

s

C. Hinder plate of metathorax no longer margined superiorly
by sharp edges; the superior edges blunted and effaced by
the rugosities of the latero-superior faces, which continue
over the edges down on to the posterior face, and lose them-
selves in its concavity, instead of being separated from the
hinder face by the sharp edges. (Lateral angles stil
existing.)

92. ©. arvensis Sauss. (Fig. 16, 16a.)—Medius, niger, grosse punc-
tatus; O. dorsali simillimus at mivor; ore, macula frontali et post-
oculari scapoque subtus, rufis vel flavis; pronoti margine, post-seutello,
maculis,2 metanoti abdominisque segmentis 10-30 vel 10-49 ‘fiavo-
limbatis, 20-49 crassissime punctatis ; primi margine utrinque aucto et
rufo-vario, pedibus flavis, basi nigris, alis fumosis.

Q. Clypeo valde latiore quam longiore, truncato, grosse punctato, nigro
vel rufo; superne fascia flava.

*,. Clypeo polygonali paulo latiore quam longiore, flavo, truncato, apice
dentulis 2 distantibus instructo.

Odyn. arvensis Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXI, 1869.

?. Total length, 14,12 mm.; wing, 11, 5-9 mm. °
*%,. Total length, 12, 5-9 mm.; wing, 9-7 mm.

2. Form rather near to that of O. Bosciti, but smailer. The
abdomen a little more conical; the 2d segment shorter and
more coarsely punctured; its inferior border a little lamellate

ODYNERUS, pag!

and truncate, but often appearing slightly bidentate. Thorax
widened before, retracted little or none. Post-scutel crenulate.
Metathorax very coarsely rugose; its concavity striate, but
eribrose in its superior moiety from the punctures which continue
with those of the superior face; the latero-superior ridges blunted,
effaced; on each side a dentiform angle at the meeting of the
lateral and inferior ridges. First abdominal segment silky,
smooth, truncate, and a little rounded at the base; the 2d short,
densely punctured; its posterior border offering a wide depressed
zone, widened in the middle, very coarsely cribrose, as well as
the following segments; at times a little channelled, but the
border not turned up.

Insect black. Mouth red, with a yellow spot at the base of
the mandibles; superior moiety of the clypeus yellow or red;
inner border of orbits and a spot behind each eye, red or yellow;
scape of the antenne red, with a black line above; a spot on the
front, yellow or red. Anterior border of prothorax yellow, often
followed with red; tegule yellow or red, post-scutel and a spot
on each side of metathorax above, vellow; segments 1—4 of the
abdomen regularly bordered with yellow; the first having its
border on each side widened or confounded with a spot or oblique
band, yellow surrounded with red, which leave above a black
trilobed or square notch; often of red on each side or bordered
with yellow. Legs yellow, black at the base. Wings smoky or
a little reddened with a light violet reflection.

Var. a. Clypeus red, with a yellow band on the summit.

b. No red on Ist abdominal segment.

c. Two yellow or red dots on the scutellum (Tennessee).

d. Prothorax red, bordered with yellow (Missouri).

The crest of the post-scutel varies; sometimes finely crenulate
and continuous, sometimes dentate and notched in the middle.

%. A little smaller. Clypeus polygonal, yellow, wider than
long, truncate on its anterior border, offering a very small tooth
on each extremity of this border; its apical margin a little pro-
longed, so that the polygon is not regular, the inferior borders
forming thus a larger are than the superior; hook of the antenne
black or ferruginous; mandibles and ornaments of the head yel-
low or orange; a red dot on the flanks before the tegule ; often
the posterior border of the prothorax red and a little of red about
the scutels; latero-superior borders of the concavity of the

272 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

metathorax very rugose, coarsely cribrose. Fifth segment often
bordered with yellow. With the male especially, the fossette of
the metathorax does not reach the lateral borders, but is sepa-
rated from them on each side by a band hunched and cribrose with
great pits; the superior ridges are often quite well defined.

In this species the yellow is clear; often almost orange.
The red, the black, and the yellow are susceptible of changing
places in the varieties.

Ress. a. diff.—This species greatly recalls the O. dorsalis and
differs from it by tls clypeus 2 much wider than long and more
grossly punctured; by the clypeus % wider than long, not pro-
longed at its anterior extremity, and finely bidentate; by its
smaller size; by its less obscure wings; by its metathorax less
widely concave, becoming rounded and convex on the sides of
the posterior plate, while, as with the O. dorsalis, the concavity
occupies the whole width; the % differs by the absence of pyra-
midal post-scutellar eminences formed by the superior termination
of the ridges of the metathorax, and which exist in the dorsdlis
%. It has greater relationship to the O. Boscit and Hidalgi. It
differs from this last by its blunted metathoracic borders, without
salient ridges; by the border of segments 2d, 3d, which is im-
pressed, rugose, but not turned up; from tlie first by the scutellum
without spots; by the shorter 2d segment; the 3d and 4th more
coarsely punctured ; the 4th and 5th without any vellow border.

Hab.. The United States, particularly the south. I possess
some individuals from Tennessee, some also from Kansas, from
Illinois (Kennicott), and from New York (E. Norton), 7 2, 10%."

93. G. ammectems Savuss.—Validus, niger, fulvo-pilosus, clypeo piri-
formi flave 4 maculato, apice emarginato; orbitis partim, pronoti margine
antico, tegulis, punctis 2 scutelli, 2 metanoti, tibiis et tarsis, flavis;
abdominis segmentis, 10 superne flavo, nigro-emarginato, 2‘, 3' margine,
crassissime punctato, anguste flavo-limbato;: alis nigro-violaceis. 9.

Odyn. annectens Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 59, 14, Q.

Total length, 17 mm.; wing, 15 mm.

The following description applies to an insect which seems to
indicate a species different from O. dorsalis, but is certainly very
embarrassing by its similarity.

2. Size and form of O. dorsalis ; the same sculpture, but not
quite so rough. Clypeus pyriform, more prolonged than in O.

ODYNERUS. DE

dorsalis; its apical margin emarginate, concave. Metathorax
perhaps a little more depressed, without any superior ridges; its
lateral angles very pronounced, compressed horizontally. first
abdominal segment shorter than in O. dorsalis; the second rather
velutinous, scarcely punctate, its margin more coarsely punctate
(the punctures being rather holes), but not so- evidently canali-
culate as in O. dorsalis.

Insect black, with fulvous, velvety hair. Aper of mandibles
and base of scape beneath, ferruginous. A spot on base of the
mandibles, an ovate mark on both sides of the clypeus, and two
others near the apex, inner orbits of the eyes and a line behind
them, two triangular macule, forming the anterior border of
prothorax, tegule except their base, two spots on scutellum and
two on mesothorax, yellow; 1st abdominal segment yellow above
with a trilobate black emargination; a narrow border of segments
20. 3d, of the same, yellow. Knees, tibie, and tarsi, yellow.
Wings dark fusco-violaceous. The mandibles and palpi are
formed as in O. dorsalis. |

Hab. United States (Florida, 1 9, E. Norton).

94. O. ammullatus Say.—0O. arvensi affinis, 9 gracilior, % capite
majore, valde punctatus, secundo abdominis segmento dense punctato,
margine impresso, crasse punctato. Niger vel ferrugineus, mesonoto et
abdominis segmentis 3-6 nigris; tegulis, pedibusque rufis; pronoti et
abdominis segmentorum margine, post-scutello metanoti marginibus,
subfureis; primo abd. segmento utrinque rufo et flavo ornato; alis
nebulosis: —Q. Scapo, clypeo, frontis maculis, rufis.—Vuriat clypei
fascia nigra, macula subalari maculisque 2 secundi segmenti, rufis vel
flavis.— % . Clypeo polygonali; fronte, scutellis, maeula subalari flavis.

Odyn. annulatus Say, Long’s Sec. Exp. Append. 29 (II, 348).—Say’s
Ent. (Le Conte), I, 235.—Sauss. Et. Vesp. I, 252.—Cresson, Amer.
Ent. Trans. I, 1867, 380, 21.

Rhynchium annulatum Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 351, 4.—Say’s Ent. (Le
Conte), II, 765, 3.—Savss. Et. Vesp. III, 184.

Odyn. Bairdi Sauss. Revue Zool. X, 1858, %.
| ©. Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 12 mm.

*%. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

2. Rather slender, densely and coarsely punctate. Clypeus
broadly pyriform, strigate punctate, terminating in two approxi-
mate little teeth, separated by a small lamellar edge. Thorax
Subelongate. Post-scutel truncate, very tenuously crenulate.

18

2714 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Metathorax vertically truncate; concave, but its margins not
ridged, the edges being quite blunted by the dense punctuation.
Abdomen subconical, rather slender. The first segment smooth
and silky ; the second very short, densely punctate everywhere,
but its posterior margin having a broad excavated band of very
coarse punctures ; segments 3-4 very coarsely punctured.
Black; mandibles, clypeus, scape of the antenne, a frontal
mark, and a large spot behind the eyes, rufous. Clypeus often
with a transverse black line or with three black spots in a trans-
verse line. Anterior margin of prothorax broadly, the posterior
narrowly rufous, or partly sulphur-yellow; tegule yellow and
rufous, often a yellow spot under the wing; post-scutel yellow ;
lateral margins of metathorax rufous or yellow. Abdomen having
its first four segments margined with yellow; this color often pre-
ceded. by a little of rufous. First segment black in middle ; its
sides rufous, with a yellow spot fused with the yellow band.

Second segment often adorned with two separate rufous spots. ~

Legs ferruginous; coxe blackish. Wings grayish ferruginous,
a little clouded or sometimes even with violet iridescence.

Rufous Variety.—Head rufous, except the vertex. Prothorax
and feet rufous. Scutels yellow, or rufous, tinged with yellow;
mesothorax black, with a rufous spot; metathorax rufous, marked
with yellow. First and second abdominal segments rufous,
margined with yellow; the second with two yellow macule; 3-5
segments rufous, margined with yellow; 6th rufous. Wings
clouded (Kansas, New Mexico). .

Various Varielies.—This is quite a variable species, the three |

colors interchanging, which gives numerous combinations. The
seape is more or less obscure above. The spots on the clypeus,
under the wing, on the second segment, are often wanting, etc.
The yellow ornaments are of a pale sulphur-yellow.

I consider, as the male of this species, specimens from Texas
and Louisiana, which last constitutes a still more rufous variety.

%. Head large, wider than high, rufous, with black vertex.
Clypeus broader than high, regularly octagonal; its anterior
margin straight, having two insensible, distant teeth at its
extremity. Mandibles, clypeus, a triangle on the forehead and
sinus of the eyes, a line on the scape, bright yellow; hook of

Nh te a ee

ODYNERUS. 275

the-antenne and flagellum beneath rather ferruginous; macule
behind the eyes, orange. Thorax shorter, more cubical. Pro-
thorax rufous margined with yellow anteriorly. Post-scutel and
angles of metathorax yellow. First abdominal segment rufous
above, surrounded with yellow; the mandible often black. Second
segment having its marginal impressed band much impressed and
broad; segments 1-5 margined with yellow. Coxe and feet
adorned with yellow (Louisiana).

Texan Variety.—Prothorax, scutels, metathorax, feet, segments -
1, 2 of the abdomen, rufous. Disk of mesothorax rufous on each
side. Border of prothorax, a dot under the wing, two spots on
the tegule, scutel, post-scutel, edges of segments 1-6, bright
yellow; the first segment having on each side a yellow spot
smelted with the marginal fascia (Texas).

Mexican. Variety ?.—Smaller. Length, 13 mm.; wing, 10.5 mm.

2. Black; mandibles, scape of the antenne, forehead and the
parts behind the eyes, prothorax, a lateral spot, tegule, two
macule on disk of mesothorax, scutel, feet, and coxex, rufous.
Post-scutel yellow. Angles of metathorax rufous and yellow;
abdomen rufous; first and second segment with a black portion
in the middle and at base; all the segments margined with
yellow; the first band fused on each side with a lateral square
yellow spot, and the 2d segment having on each side a yellow
spot, either free or confounded with the margin. Anus yellow.
‘Wings washed with fuseous, with a golden, rather violet reflee-
tion; the radius ferruginous. The metathorax, although forming
two lateral angles, is not toothed; the superior part of its poste-
rior face is not margined on each side by an oblique ridge.

Var. Of course the ferruginous varies into yellow and vice
versd, and the black is more or less developed.

Ress. a. diff.—This species resembles O. arvensis, but it is
more slender 2; the male has also a more transverse, very regular
polygonal clypeus, while in a7vensts it is more prolonged at its
extremity; in the female, the clypeus is on the contrary narrower
than in arvensis. The post-scutel is not as strongly but quite
delicately crenulate. The metathorax is not so sharp, and it has
altogether another appearance. It approaches quite closely to
pratensis, has the same look, but differs: by its 2d abd. segment
not smooth, but densely and strongly punctured throughout; by

276 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART 1.

its rather bidentate metathorax; by its clypeus ? flattened, not
so convex, % shorter, not more prolonged below than above.

In the Mexican variety, the form is much as in O. Cordove,
but it is larger; the clypeus 2 a little produced at its apical end;
head and thorax very coarsely shagreened; the second segment
of the abdomen shorter, its margin having its coarsely punctured
band impressed and widened in the middle.—This var. differs
from O. formosus by its larger size, its clypeus more prolonged
at tip, metathorax not bidentate, and darker wings; from O.
Hidalgi and Jturbidi by its smaller size and metathorax not
acutely margined superiorly.

Hab. The prairies from Missouri to Texas and New Mexico.
Mexican Cordillera (the variety) 5 9, 2%.

95. O. crypticus Say.—Rufus; abdomine flavo-trifasciato; alis in-
fuscatis. |
Odyn. crypticus Say, West. Quarterly Reporter, II, 1, 1823, 80.—Say’s
Entom. (LE Conte), I, 168.
Rhygchium crypticum Say, Bost. Journ. I, 1837, 384, 3.—Say’s Entom.
(LE Conte), 765, 3.—Sauvss. Et. Vespid. III, 184.

Total length, 5 lines.

Body rufous, much punctured; vertex and origin of the
antenne, black; antenne dusky at tip; thorax with a black spot
before the middle; scutel bilobate, with a longitudinal, deeply
impressed line; metathorax concave; wings dusky, paler at tip;
tergum With three yellow bands, the anterior one smallest and
subconcealed. |

Hab, Arkansas.

This is most likely a pale variety of O. annulatus.

96. 0. sulfureus Sauss. (Fig. 18, 18a.)— 9 O. arvensi simillimns, at
metanato minus excarato; niger, sulfureo-multipictus ; ore, clypeo et
facie sulfureis; oculis flavo-, supra rufo-marginatis ; antennis fuscis,
scapo rufo; pronoto flavo, angulis posticis rufis ; scutello flavo-bimacu-
lato; post-scutello, tegulis maculis pleurarum et metanoti angulis,
sulfureis, abdomine sulfureo, segmentis 1°, 20 basi et in medio nigro-
signatis ; pedibus ferrugineo et sulfureo pictis ; alis ferrugineo-griseis. Q.

Odyn. sulfureus Sauss. Revue de Zool. X, 1858, 170, 9.

Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

ODYNERUS. 271

Thorax much shagreened ; post-scutel finely crenulate. Meta-
thorax forming two lateral angles, its excavation only occupying
the middle, rounded, strigose; the rest shagreened, strongly
punctured, rounded, without sharp edges. Abdomen conical,
scarcely contracted at base, truncate anteriorly, but without a
sharp ridge, rounded at base. Second segment densely punc-
tured; its margin having a wide impressed band, cribrose with
coarse punctures; the following segments similarly cribrose.

Black: mandibles, clypeus, forehead, and orbits, sulphur-yel-
low; the upper part of orbits black or brown-rufous; frontal sulci
black. Antenne blackish;.the first segment yellowish or rufous
obscure above. Pronotum widely marginate with yellow; its
posterior angles rufous or black; a spot and various marks under
the wing, tegule, two spots on the scutel and sides of metathorax,
yellow. Abdomen almost wholly sulphur-yellow; the base of
first segment black or brown on its anterior face, with a black
pyriform notch on the superior face; the 2d having at its base a
black macula, constricted in the middle; the following segments
twice notched with black or brown. The coarse punctures of the
margins having their ground-color brown. Anus ferruginous or
yellow. Feet yellow and ferruginous. Wings tinged with ferru-
ginous, cloudy at the apex.—@. Clypeus broad, pyriform, wider
than long, its apex a little produced, truncate, biangulate.

Var. The black part of the body brown or rufous.

Probable Variety.—The yellow ornaments not so much ex-
tended; segments 1, 2 black, with a wide sulphur margin, widened
on the sides; the 2d with two lateral triangular macule, as in
O. blandus.

Ress. a. diff.—It has quite the form of O. arvensis; the meta-
thorax is a little more flattened, principally on the sides of the
excavation, which is a little narrower. It differs from O. cingu-
latus in its livery; these species are much the same in their forms.
—lIt differs from O. pratensis by its biangulate metathorax. In
the livery it resembles O. blandus, but is very distinct by its not
angulate metathorax, its not crenulate post-scutel, its smaller and
strongly punctured first abdominal segment, its narrower clypeus
and its small size.

Hab, California (2 Berton).

278 . HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

97. ©. formosus Savuss.—O. Cordove conformis, at metathorace dis-
tincte bidentato; abdomine magis conico; niger, mandibulis, clypeo,
Scapo, capitis maculis, fulvis; pronoto, tegulis, macula subalari, maculis
2 scutelli, post-scutello, metanoti angulis, abdominis segmentorum
marginibus (primi limbo utringue cum fascia obliqua conjuncta), pedi-
busque, flavis vel aurantio-variis; alis subferrugineis, apice griseis.
Odyn. formosus Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 59, 15, 9.

Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

°. Size and form nearly as in O. Cordove, but the metathorax
has its angles on each side produced into a distinet tooth; the

cavity not at all limited, not margined superiorly on each side’

by a little oblique ridge; the abdomen quite conical, the first
segment as broad as the second, and more sharply truncate at
base; the punctured marginal band of the 2d segment decidedly
impressed, a little widened in the middle.

Black ; mandibles and feet rufous or orange. Clypeus, frontal,
ocular and post-ocular macule, yellow or rufous. Antenne
black ; scape yellow, a little obscure above. Prothorax, a spot
under the wing, tegule, two spots on the scutel, post-scutel,
angles of metathorax, and margin of all the abdominal segments,
yellow or rather orange; the fascia wide; that of the first seg-
ment fusing into two oblique lateral bands, which make nearly
an anterior interrupted fascia, sometimes rufous. Anus rufous
or yellow. Wings rather ferruginous; the apex clouded.

- Var. A.black spot on the posterior angles of prothorax.—A
yellow fascia on scutel.

Ress. a. diff.—This does not seem to be a variety of O. Cor-
dove. It has the same livery as O. Boscii, turpis, molestus,
but a quite differently shaped metathorax; it is also smaller and
more slender, nearly one-half smaller than the first. It resembles
O. sulfureus, but its livery is not so rich nor so pale; the clypeus
is not so much produced, the size smaller. It is allied closely
also to O. annulatus, although smaller and with a metathorax
not so much flattened behind. Comp. also O. annulatus (Mexi-
can variety).

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. Oriental Cordillera 4
Q (Sumichrast).

98. O. spectabilis Savss.—Niger, gracilis; capite, thorace abdomi-
nisque segmentorum 2i-5' margine dense punctatis; metanoto rotun-
dato, utrinqgue valde angulato; abdomine subconico; clypeo, antennis

ODYNERUS. 279

basi, capitis maculis, thoracis margine antico late, macula subalari,
tegulis, scutellis, metathorace utringue, abdominis segmentorum mar-
ginibus, ano pedibusque, flavo-aurantiis, fascia 1' segmenti utringue
aucta °.

Odyn. spectabilis SAUSS. Revue de Zool. XXII, 1870, 60, 18, ge

Total length, 9 mm.; wings, 7 mm.

Slender. Head and thorax rather coarsely and densely sha-
greened. Thorax square. Post-scutel crenulate, metathorax
rather flattened behind, forming on each side a strong, acute
angle looking outward, which makes the posterior part of thorax
square, thé middle of the hinder face a little excavated, rather
rugose, but the cavity not margined; the rest quite rugosely
punctured, reticulate. Abdomen nearly conical, smooth, silky;
the 2d segment finely punctured, but its margin and those follow-
ing strongly punctured.

Black. Antenne black-ferruginous, with the first three joints
ferruginous. Mandibles rufous. Clypeus, a frontal triangle, an
ocular and post-ocular large macula, prothorax anteriorly, spot
under the wing, tegule, scutel, post-scutel, angles of mesothorax
and margin of all the abdominal segments, yellow, rather orange ;
the yellow margin of Ist segment fused with two large, lateral
angular yellow macule; anus, feet, even the coxe, orange-yellow.
Wings washed with ferruginous; the radial cell cloudy.

2. Clypeus wide, rather lozenge-shaped, with its apex truncate,
biangulate. |

Var. The last abdominal segments rufous.

Ress. a. diff.—Recalls the O. bacuensis by its appearance, but
is very distinct by its broad clypeus 2, its crenulate post-scutel,
angulate metathorax, and conical abdomen, ete. From O. cubensis
and allies it differs by its more slender form and metathorax with-
out acute superior edges.—From O. formosus, by a larger size
and less slender form. If it was not as: small again, it would
agree perfectly with the description of O. apicalis Cress. It
may be a small variety of this?

Hab. Cuba (1 ¢, Dr. Gundlach).

99. 0. apicalis Cresson.—Niger; clypeo, mandibulis, fascia frontali,
antennis basi, pronoto, tegulis, macula subalari, scutellis, metathorace
utringue; pedibus abdominisque segmentorum 1-3 margine, flavis ;

280 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART Jf

primo segmento superne flavo, disco nigro; segmentis 4-6 rufis; alis
fusco-hyalinis.
Odyn. apicalis Cresson, Philad. Ent. Proc. IV, 1865, 161.

©. Total length, 6 lines; expanse of wings, 10 lines.
*%. Total length, 4.5 lines ; expanse of wings, 7.5 lines.

@. Opaque-black. Head and thorax deeply and closely pune-
tured, the former broader than the thorax, rather short; a broad
transverse band on the front, filling up the sinus of the eyes and
deeply indicated above the insertion cf each antenna; the broad
posterior orbit and the clypeus, yellow, sometimes strongly tinged
with ferruginous, sometimes yellowish at the base; clypeus
depressed, ‘rhomboidal, the extreme tip truncate. Antenne
black, the two basal joints ferruginous. Thorax: prothorax yel-
low above, tipped with dull ferruginous just before the tegule ;
pleura somewhat sericeous, with a large, rounded yellow spot
beneath the tegulz; scutellum with two large, quadrate, yellowish
marks, nearly confluent; post-scutellum yellowish; metathorax
finely and transversely striated, deeply excavated on the disk,
with a large yellowish mark on each side, covering the lateral
angles, which are rather prominent and obtuse; tegule yellowish,
with a ferruginous dot on the middle. Abdomen ovate, basal
segment nearly equal in width to the second; remaining segments
gradually tapering to the tip, and more deeply and densely punc-
tured than the basal segments; first segments rounded at base
without suture or carina, the apical margin confluent, with a
large angular mark on each lateral margin, yellowish; apical
margin of the second and third segments (broader on the second
segment), yellow; that on the third somewhat tinged with ferru-
ginous; remaining segments, above and beneath, dull ferruginous;
beneath, the apical margins of the second and third segments are
narrowly yellowish, more or less sinuate on each side anteriorly.

%. Smaller, the markings of the face tinged with ferruginous;
the basal joint of the antenne yellow within, with a black line
above, the apical joint ferruginous and hooked; the yeilow of
the prothorax not continued all the way to the tegule, being
interrupted with black; fourth segment of abdomen black, with
the apical margin above and beneath, narrowly yellowish ;
remaining segments obscure yellowish-ferruginous, more or less
dusky at base; beneath, the second segment with a yellow spot

ODYNERUS. 281

on each side of the middle. Legs yellowish; the femora except
tips beneath, the tibiee beneath, and most of the tarsi, pale ferru-
ginous. Wings subhyaline, faintly tinged with fuscous; honey-
yellow along the costa, with the marginal cell almost entirely
fuscous. 7
Ress. a. diff—Allied to O. cubensis, by its livery, but the face
is much broader, and the basal segment of the abdomen is
differently marked, rounded anteriorly, not truncate, with a sharp
edge. It differs also by its hooked antenne, in the male.

I do not know this Odynerus, which seems most closely allied
to O. spectabilis, but much larger. Compare this species.

Hab. Cuba (Mus. of the Am. Ent. Soc., Philadelphia).

2. Posterior plate of metathorax orbicular or more or less
rounded, not forming on each side a distinct dentiform
angle.. (Thorax rather attenuate posteriorly, abdomen
conical or ovate-conical. )

A. Posterior plate of metathorax still margined with a sharp
edge, salient in its superior part, and forming on each side
of the summit a tooth or elevation, separated from the post-
scutel by a fissure (sometimes very small).

a. The concavity deep, excavated, with salient ridges. Abdomen conical; its
base sharply truncate.

100. O. turpis Savuss.—Niger, thorace crassissime punctato; clypeo
lato, piriformi; metanoto attenuato, extus rugosissimo, postice in fove-
olam ovalem valde excavato, levi, haud biangulato, sed canthis areuatis
acutis marginato, nonnunquam supra paene dentem post-scutellarem
efficientibus ; abd. 2' segmenti margine punctato sed haud impresso ;
clypeo summo maculis 2 vel fascia, orbitarum marginibus partim,
macula frontali, scapo subtus, pronoti et abd. segmentorum 1i-4i margine,
macula subalari, tegulis, scutelli et metanoti magulis 2, post-scutello
pedibusque, aurantiacis ; alis ferrugineo-fusco nebulosis.

Odyn. turpis Sauss. Revue, Zool. XXII, 1870, 60, 17, 9.

Total length, 13 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

1 Sometimes there is still an indication of two angles or even a small
tooth (O. foraminatus, O. leucomelas), in the species in which the poste-
rior plate of metathorax is more or less angulate,

282 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART I.

?. Insect very coarsely punctured, recalling the O. Boscii, but
more coarsely cribrose and more retracted on the metathorax.
Clypeus pyriform, wide, punctured, rather wider than long.
Post-scutel feebly crenulate. Concavity of the metathorax occu-
pying all its width, rounded, notably wider than high, excavated,
finely striate and smooth as far as the borders; these are
extremely trenchant, but not forming spiniform lateral angles;

-* thes2 ridges above all very salient on the summit, where they

often terminate in a dentiform or lamellar salient, separated from
the post-scutel by a strong notch. The external lateral surfaces
of the metathorax very rugose. Abdomen conical truncate, at
the base having a sharp ridge; the border of the second and fol-
lowing segments quite strongly punctured; but that of the 2d
not sensibly depressed.

Insect black, clothed with tawny hair. Mandibles and at times
the end of clypeus, red. Two spots or an are at the summit of
clypeus, 2 spot on the front, another behind each eye, and the
inner bordering of the orbits, as well as a line on the scape of the
antenne, yellow. Border of the prothorax, a spot under the
wing, tegulz, two spots on the scutel, two others on the summit
of the metathorax and post-scutel, yellow; segments 1-4 of the
abdomen bordered with the same color; the first border widened
on the sides; legs yellow, the base black. Wings transparent,
washed with brown-ferruginous. The yellow of the ornaments is
almost orange; it often passes, without doubt, into red.

Var. One-specimen has its ridges blunted at the beginning or
where the lateral angles would be, if they existed, but their
summit always forms a trenchant prominence.

$. Unknown.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is allied to the O. Boscii, arvensis,
Hidalgi, by the distribution of the colors. It has like the 0.
Boscii the scutel spotted with yellow, and like the other species
the post-scutel yellow. But it is distinguished clearly from these
species: Ist, by its retracted metathorax, not laterally bidentate,
in consequence of the rounded posterior plate (not squarely cut),
of which, however, the ridges are very sharp and quite arcuate
(and not more or less straight or oblique as in the species cited) ;
2d, by the border of the 2d segment, which, although punctured,
is not depressed, and less reflexed.

Z a oe

ODYNERWUS. 283

From other allied species with similar livery, or adorned with
red, it always differs by its very sharp metathoracic ridges. (See
especially the O. molestus. )

The great number of these species all having similar livery
renders their distinction very difficult, so that one needs to be
familiar with the details of the forms, above all with those of the
metathorax, which furnish certain very distinctive characters.

Hab. The United States. 2 9 taken in Tennessee. Sent by
EK. Fr. Falconnet.

104. ©. Megzera. LrrEen.—Niger, valde punctatus; metanoti foveola
rotundata, striata, utrinque inermi, sed canthis elevatis acutissimis mar-
ginata; his supra in dentes 2 excurrentibus, a post-scutello per fissuram
sejunctis ; nacula frontali et post-oculari, pronoti et abdominis segmen-
torum 1i, 2i margine, primi utrinque aucto, macula subalari et post-
scutello, luteis ; alis fusco-cyaneis.— 9. Clypeo piriformi nigro, fascia
arcuata, vel maculis 2 luteis.—%. Clypeo lato, albido, margine trun-
eato, atro; scapo fascia albida.

Odyn. Megara Lrpzu. St. Farg. Hymen. II, 636, 21 (1841).—Sauss. Et.
Vespid. I, 181, 74; pl. xvii, fig. 11, 9!; III, 232.
©. Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 12 mm.
%,- Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

©. Clypeus pyriform, longer than wide, cribrose with coarse
points, terminated by a very small border, at times smooth and
lamellate, and appearing a little bidentate. Thorax retracted
on the metathorax. Head and thorax densely cribrose. Post-
secutel truncate, offering a subcrenulate ridge. Metathorax
rugose, having its lateral ridges blunted; its posterior plate
concave, striate, and a little punctured on its borders; form
rounded, but wider than long; bordered with sharp ridges, but
not forming any lateral spiniform angles. .

These ridges a little crenulate; their summit separated from
the post-scutel by a narrow fissure. Abdomen densely punctured,
abruptly truncate: at its base a sharp ridge; the border of the 2d
and the following segments very coarsely cribrose, but the border
of the 2d without any depressed zone,

Insect black, clothed with a grayish pile. A spot on the

1 The ornaments are too yellow on this figure in a number of the
copies of this work,

284 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

mandibles, an are or two spots on the summit of the clypeus, a
dot on the front and another behind each eye, the border (retracted
in the middle) of pronotum, a spot under the wing, post-scutel,
often a dot at the wing scale, and the border of the first two
segments of the abdomen, of a whitish-yellow; the border of the
first segment widened on the sides; often tri-emarginate. Wings
of a brown-violet; tarsi brownish.

Var. a. Beneath the scape a ferruginous or whitish line; the
3d abdominal segment adorned with a whitish edging.

b. Clypeus and antennee wholly black.

c. Tibie marked with white on their outer border (Illinois).

%. Smaller. Clypeus polygonal, slightly prolonged at the end
and truncate, subbidentate, its color whitish, with the inferior
borders black; hook of the antenne great; on the scape a white
line. Metathoracie ridges salient on the summit, terminated
behind the post-scutel by a more elevated pyramidal tooth.

Var. The ornaments passing into sulphur-yellow.

Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus is easily recognized by its whitish
ornaments. In likeness it resembles :-—

1. The O. bidens and the Monobia 4-dens, from which it is
distinguished easily by its small size, by the absence of lateral
teeth on the metathorax, by the cribrose thorax, and the rugose
metathorax, ete.

2. The O. 4-sectus, from which it separates itself by its livery
and its quite differently formed metathorax.

3. The O. leucomelas, from which it differs by the livery of
its abdomen, by the whitish band of its Ist segment, widened on
the sides, by its abdomen truncate, with a sharp ridge at the base;
by its metathorax with elevated borders; by its violet wings.

4. The Ancistrocerus albophaleratus ; from which it differs by
its livery and by the absence of a suture on the first abdominal
segment.

In the distribution of colors it approaches the O. foraminatus
and allies.

Hab. The United States. Carolina, Tennessee, Illinois (Ken-
nicott), Florida (Norton), 8 2,11 %.

ODYNERUS. 285

b. Posterior plate of metathoraz less ercavated; its marginal edges but slightly
salient, although still sharp. Abdomen ovate-conical, slightly attenuated
ae vase, -

102. ©. foramimatus Savss.—Niger, confertim punctatus; metanoti
rugosi foveola rotundata, striata, utrinque inermi, marginibus rotun-
datis, hand acutis, superne tantum in dentem verticalem excurrentibus,
a post-scutello per fissuram sejunctum ; macula frontali et post-ocnlari,
linea in scapo, pronoti et abdominis segmentorum marginibus, tegulis,
post-scutello, macula subalari, tibiis tarsisque, sulfureis ; alis diaphanis
fuscescentibus.— 9. Clypeo piriformi, biangulato, nigro, supra fascia
arcuata flava.—‘%,. Clypeo polygonali, vix emarginato, flavo.

©. Total length, 13 mm. ; wing, 11 mm.
*,. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

Odyn. foraminatus Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 180, 73, 9! (1852) ; III, 232.
Odyn. rugosus Sauss. Ibid. 1,.179, 72, § (1852).

®. Smaller than the O. Megera. Clypeus pyriform, longer
than wide, strongly punctured, terminated by a little straight
border, the angles of which are formed like two little teeth.
Thorax having almost the same form as in the O. Megera,
although a little narrower; ‘the head and the thorax strongly
punctured. fPost-scutel finely crenulate. Metathorax rugose ;
its concavity striate, rounded, being scarcely bordered, but its
borders blunted by punctures which are continued with those of
the superior face of the metathorax; one sees, however, the
superior ridges slightly defined on each side; all on the summit
forming a little vertical and sharp tooth placed on each side
behind the post-scutel and separated from this last by a fissure.
Lateral faces of metathorax finely rugose, becoming coarser
toward the posterior border. Abdomen densely punctured, not
being conical as in the preceding species, but rather ovalo-conie,
widening slightly as far as the extremity, or as far as the middle
of 2d segment; the first segment rounded, though truneate; a
little widened behind. . The border of 2d and the following seg-
ments very coarsely punctured; that of the 2d a little depressed,
but not offering a clearly defined impressed zone; the punctures
gradually augmenting in size; the following segments cribrose
with great pits.

er — _————$ =

1 Erratum. Line 7th from the bottom, in place of: écusson, read: post-
ECUSSON,

286 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

Insect black, clothed with a brownish or grayish pile. A spot
on the summit of the mandibles, an arcuate band or two spots on
the summit of clypeus, a spot on the front, another behind each
eye, a line on the scape of antenne, a narrow line on the anterior
border of prothorax, tegule, a spot under the wing, post-scutel,
knees, tibize, and tarsi, yellow. ‘The first four or five segments
of the abdomen regularly bordered with yellow; the border of
the first confounded on each side with a spot or an oblique lateral
line. Wings transparent, smoky, with some violet reflections;
nervures brown. A red or brown dot on the wing scales. (The
wings are at times slightly ferruginous.) The last article of the
tarsi at times brown. *

Var. a. Two yellow dots on the superior faces of metathorax,
placed on each side of the post-scutel (Tennessee). ,

b. Often two yellow dots on the s¢cutel and the lateral spots
of the first segment lengthened, oblique (Illinois).

%. Smaller. Clypeus yellow, polygonal, as long as wide,
terminated by a slightly concave border, appearing bidentate if
looked at beneath. A yellow line on the mandibles. Hook of
the antenne ferruginous beneath. . Last article of tarsi often
black. The intermediate thighs often varied with yellow.

Var. Frontal and post-ocular spots almost nothing. Border-
ings of fhe abdomen very narrow. Wings hyaline. In the two
sexes the superior teeth of the metathoracic ridges are often but
little developed, indistinct, or even wanting. One also remarks
variations in the punctuation of the border of the concavity of
the metathorax. The extremity of the clypeus is often hollowed
by a fossette which gives it the appearance of being notched and
bidentate.

Ress. a. diff.—This species has the same distribution of colors
as the O. Megera, but its ornaments are of a lively yellow and
not whitish. Besides, the abdomen is less conical; the celypeus
2 has its angles more salient and the metathorax is not bounded
by distinct and trenchant ridges without. The two superior
teeth of the metathorax are as strong as they are well developed.
The wings are less obscure.

The O. foraminatus somewhat recalls also the Ancistrocerus
campestris,

Finally, it resembles in so striking a manner the O. trilobus

Fabr., that one will be tempted to take it for an American variety

a tage es

ODYNERUS. 287

of this species so common in Asia and Africa; but the clypeus
is always wider, the abdomen is less coarsely and more densely
punctured, the first abdominal segment does not offer the spot
trilobate with black peculiar to this species, and the border of
the 2d segment is more coarsely cribrose.

Hab. The United States, from Tennessee as far as Canada.
Tennessee (H. Fr. Falconnet), Illinois (Walsh. Kennicott), New
York (E. Norton), Pennsylvania (Rathvon, Haldeman), Connec-
ticut (H. Norton), Wisconsin. 17 2, 20 %.

103. ©. iewcomelas Satss. (Fig. 19, 19a.)—Niger, punctatus, cine-
reo-hirtus; thorace postice attenuato ; abdomine ovato-conico ; metanoti
foveola sat planata, striata, utrinque subangulata, marginibus superis
tenuiter acutis, rectis, supra in dentem acutum terminatis, a post-scu-
tello per fissuram sejunctum; clypei 9 maculis 2 vel fascia, puncto fron-
tali et post-oculari, pronoti et abdominis segmentorum limbo anguste,
post-scutello, tegulis tibiisque extus, albidis ;. alis subhyalinis.—‘% . Cly-

‘peo bidentato, ore, antennarum scapo subtus pedibusque partim, sul-
fureis.

Odyn. leucomelas Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 225,! 131 (1854).

9. Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
*. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.

9. A little larger than the O. foraminatus, but the abdomen
is a little more ovate-conic, the first segment a little narrower.
Clypeus pyriform or rounded, strongly punctured, terminated by
a very little biangulate border. The whole insect finely punc-
tured; thorax slightly depressed, widened in the middle, retracted
behind; post-scutel finely crenulate. Truncation of metathorax
occupying its whole width, but the posterior plate slightly
concave, quite flat, in form angulate-rounded, equally striate
throughout, forming on each side a rounded angle, at trmes slightly
salient in the form of a tooth. Latero-superior ridges straight,
fine and trenchant, although very little salient, each terminated
superiorly by a sharp tooth, directed upward, and separated from
the post-scutel by a narrow fissure. Abdomen quite ovate,
especially among the males; the 2d and following segments
quite strongly punctured on the border.

Insect black, clothed with a grayish pile. A spot on the

1 In the description of this species, all that which treats of the thorax
is omitted. Another of the numberless negligences of the printer!

288 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

summit of the mandibles, two on the summit of the clypeus, a
dot on the front, another behind each eye, a narrow border on
the prothorax, wing scales, a dot under the wing, post-scutel, a
quite regular narrow bordering of the segments of the abdomen,
and 2d and 3d tibiz without, whitish. Tarsi and knees ferrugi-
nous. Antenne wholly black. Wings transparent, or subsmoky;
a brown spot on the wing scale.

Var. a. Clypeus ornamented with a whitish arcuate band on
the summit. The bordering of the first segment mingled with a
white lateral dot. |

b. The last segments without border.

c. No spots under the wing.

%. Clypeus bidentate, yellow; labrum, mandibles, the frontal
spot, a line on the scape of the antenne, the hook of antenne,
tibize, tarsi, intermediate thighs beneath, and coxe 2, 3, yellow.
No spots under the wing.

Ress. a. diff —This species resembles above all—Ist the O.
Joraminatus, from which it is distinguished by its less concave
metathorax, the concavity less rugose, having the superior ridges
straight and pronounced, its antenne black, its ornaments white, °
etc.—2d, from the Ancistrocerus albophaleratus, which is almost
identical in form and livery, but from which it is clearly distin-
guished by the absence of the suture on the first abdominal seg-
ment, and which has the scutel spotted with whitish, with the
post-scutel black.—3d, from the O. Megera, which has the
posterior plate of the metathorax much more concave, and of a
rounded not angulate form, the wings black, and only two whitish .
bands on the abdomen.

Hab. The northern United States. Connecticut (E. Norton),
Illinois (Kennicott),3 2,1 %. (1 2 from Fort Tejon. Latit.
35°, longit. 119°; altit. 4600 feet.)

Observation.—This species, so very near by the form and livery

to the Ancistrocerus albophaleratus, approaches very much also
' in the form of the metathorax to the Ancistrocerus group of the
species cited. One would say that these tv7o species issue from
the same stock, of which the form of the Ist abdominal segment
is bifurcate, while the livery has continued the same.

ODYNERUS. 289

104. O. blamdus Savss.—Niger, nitidus, dense punctatus; metathorace
inermi, rotundato; abdomine ovato-conico; antice truncato, sessili;
corpore sulfureo-multipicto; abdominis segmentis 1-5 sulfureo-limbatis,
1° et 2° insuper utrinque fascia trigonali sulfurea (vel fascia antica
interrupta); pedibus flavis; alis subhyalinis.—Q. Clypeo et orbitis
partim flavis.

Odyn. blandus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII,1870, 105, 27, 9.

Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7 mm.

2. Clypeus pyriform, flattened, rather strigose, truncate at tip
and rather rounded. Head and thorax densely punctate ; post-
seutel quite shortly truncate, quite linear, transverse, but rounded,
not crested; its hinder face rather oblique, punctured; this form
being the transition to the Stenodynerus. Metathorax small,
short, and rounded, not angulate, shallowly punctured; its
excavation strigose, not sharply margined, except superiorly,
where it forms a little ridge or tooth behind the post-scutel.
Abdomen ovate-conical; the first segment not quite as wide as
the second, scarcely truncate anteriorly, but without a sharp ridge,
sessile ; its superior face slightly depressed, as punctate as the
thorax; 2d segment densely punctate, but not quite as strongly,
its hinder margin more strongly so, and densely punctured,
slightly and widely depressed; the following punctured.

Black, shining; a line on the mandibles, clypeus, inner orbits,
frontal spot, a line behind the eyes, the scape beneath, a wide,
but interrupted anterior margin of prothorax, a spot under the
wing, tegule, a dot on mesothorax before the scutel, post-scutel
above, and sides of metathorax, sulphur-yellow. All the segments
of the abdomen margined with sulphur-yellow. The first, in addi-
tion, with two oblique yellow bands or maculee, fused with the yel-
low bordering laterally ; the 2d adorned on each side with a large
triangular macula, forming a wide interrupted fascia beneath ;
this segment has similar yellow ornaments. Anus black. Feet
yellow; coxe black; the 2d and 3d pair margined with yellow
and spotted at tip. Wings subhyaline, nerves brown.

Var. 2. Clypeus with a central black spot.

Ress. a. diff—In its rather stubbed form it recalls the form
of O. Catskillensis, but its abdomen is still more sessile, more
truncate anteriorly, and more square. By its rich livery it recalls
O. sulfureus, but is very distinct from it by its non-angulate

19

290 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

metathorax, more slender form, ete. This is rather an interme-
diate type between Division Odynerus and Stenodynerus, by the
quite linear form of its post-scutel, not flattened above and ridged
posteriorly ; and by its abdomen, although sessile and truncate
at base, having the Ist segment more punctured than the 2d at
base.

Hab. California (H. Norton).

B. Posterior plate of metathorax no longer margined with sharp
ridges, but having its edges blunted by the rugosities or the
punctures (or not rugose); and the summit of the ridges no
longer forming post-sculellar teeth, although still separated
from the post-scutel by a groove.

a. Posterior plate of metathoraz much excavated, margined with salient, blunt,
and rough edges. Abdomen conical, its base sharply truncate.

105. ©. molestus Sauss.—Niger, tomento cinereo hirsutus ; thorace
nitido grosse punctato; metanoto perrugoso, haud bidentato, foveole
striate marginibus prominulis sed perrugosis, haud acutis; abdomine
conico, segmentorum 2-5 margine percrasse cribratis; macula frontali
et post-oculari, pronoti et abdominis segmentorum 14! limbo, macula
subalari, tegulis, scutelli maculis 2, post-scutello, metanoti summi
punctis 2 pedibusque, flavis.—‘%. Clypeo latiore quam longiore, flavo,
valde punctato, antice attenuato, truncato; mandibulis, oculorum
margine intus, scapo subtus, flavis.— Q?.

Odyn. molestus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 61, 19, 4.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

%. Size and appearance of the O. arvensis, but the thorax

shining and more coarsely cribrose with more separated punctures.

Post-scutel crenulate. Metathorax but little retracted, very
rugose; its posterior face not bidentate, strongly excavated, the

borders very salient, but not at all trenchant; being .on the.
contrary blunted, rounded by very coarse punctures. At times the.

borders are a little channelled because of these punctures; their
summit is separated from the post-scutel by a fissure, but does not
form any salient angles. Abdomen conical, having the same form
as the O. arvensis; the first segment truncate, having a sharp
angle; the 2d very short, its posterior border impressed and very
coarsely cribrose, as are also the following segments.

ee ee eo

ODYNERUS. 291

Insect black, bristling with grayish hair (among fresh specimens
the abdomen is almost velvety). A spot on the front, another
little one behind each eye, anterior border of prothorax, tegule,
a spot beneath the wing, two on the scutel, post-scutel, and a
spot on each side of this on the summit of metathorax, yellow or
a little red. The first two segments of the abdomen bordered
with yellow; the border of the first joined on each side with an
eblique red or yellow spot; the segments (? 3-4), $ 3-5 bordered
with a fine yellow edging. Legs yellow, at the base black
Wings transparent, a little smoky; nervures brown. Wing scales
spotted with red or brown,

%. Clypeus yellow, strongly punctured, wider than long; its
inferior extremity slightly prolonged and truncate in middle.
Mandibles, scape of antenne beneath, inner border of orbits, and
femora above, yellow. Hook of the antenne ferruginous.

Ress. a. diff—This resembles divers species, particularly the
O. arvensis %, but the clypeus is much more coarsely punctured,
wider in proportion, with the extremity narrower and not biden-
tate. It differs from others: from 0. arvensis, Boscit, Hidalgi,
and Iturbidi by its metathorax, which is not bidentate and very
much more excavated.—It is easily distinguished from the 0.
foraminatus % by the form of its clypeus, by its more coarsely
punctured thorax, by the metathorax surrounded by more salient
borders, and very much more rugose, not forming behind the
post-scutel the two little separating teeth; by the two yellow
spots of the scutel; by its very conical abdomen, truncate at its
base, with a sharp ridge. But it offers an appearance wholly
similar to the O. turpis; the same size, the same form, the same
livery, so far that one would readily take it for the male of that
species. However, it differs from it essentially by the borders of |
its metathorax, which are blunted, rugose, and not at all tren-
chant, while in the species of this group the ridges are in general
more’ trenchant at the summit among the males than in the
females. Yet the resemblance is such between these two in-
sects that I remain in doubt if they are not the two sexes of the
same species, the rather that with the O. turpis (2) the ridges
are often blunted toward the base.

Hab. The United States. 2% from Tennessee.

292 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

b. Posterior plate of metathorax more flattened ; its margins rounded
and punctured.

* Abdomen conical, principally among the females.

106. O. pratemsis Savss.—Pallide-ferruginens, citrino multipictus ;
thorace polito, grosse et sparse punctato; metanoto rotundato, dense
punctato, velutino, utringque inermi, superne canthis nullis, foveola
striata minuta orbiculari; abdomine conico, segmentorum 2'-5' 9°,
2i-6i § margine punctis fuscis crassis sparse eribrato; clypeo paulo
latiore quam longiore, truncato; antennis basi aurantiis, in dimidio
terminali superne nigris vel fuscis; abdominis segmentorum 1}, 2! fascia
marginali citrina utrinque dilatata.

Odyn. pratensis Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 61, 20, 9 4-

@. Total length, 15 mm.; wing, 11 mm.
*%,. Totai length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

2. Size a little superior to that of the O. foraminatus. Punc-
tures of body of little depth, but quite coarse. Scutel smooth,
with some coarse, separated, irregular punctures. Post-scutel
crenulate. Metathorax rounded, offering a little circular, striate
concavity; but its circumference is perfectly rounded, densely
punctured, without any spiniform angle, nor any ridge; not form-
ing behind the post-scutel any kind of teeth, and velvety. Abdo-
men 9 very conical, truncate anteriorly, but without sharp ridge.
Border of segments 2'-5' (2'-6!, $) cribrose, with very gross
impressed points, a little separated, brown in their depth, and
forming on the 2d segment an impressed zone.

Insect of a ferruginous orange, garnished with yellow or gray
hair; mandibles, clypeus, the whole face, and a little post-ocular
space, sulphur-yellow; a brown band on the vertex; antenne
red, clouded with yellow, with their second moiety black above,
and the scape adorned with a yellow line. Middle of the pro-
thorax, a spot under the wing, tegule, post-scutel, and sides of
metathorax, yellow; scutel orange, varied with yellow; disk of
mesothorax red, clouded with brown. All the segments of the
abdomen widely bordered with yellow; bordering of Ist and 2d
squarely widened on the sides; anus yellow; femora and tibie
varied with yellow. Wings transparent, gray at the end, a little
ferruginous along the side.

Var. a. Mesothorax obscure, with two Fabia ioe lines.

6. Yellow bordering of prothorax complete.

ODYNERUS. 293

. Clypeus yellow, coarsely punctured, a little wider than
long, terminated by a little lamellar border; mandibles yellow or
red.

%. Smaller. Head wide. Clypeus polygonal, more widely
truncate. Legs yellow. (Antenne ?.)

‘Ress. a. diff.—This species varies without doubt infinitely in
its colors, passing probably in one place to brown or to black in
its deeper color, or preserving its yellow ornaments more or less
reduced; in another place changing from yellow, by the paling of
its deeper color, and the extension of its ornaments, as we have
shown above for the O. annulatus. It will not do then to seek
its distinctive characters elsewhere than in its form.

It is easily confounded with the O. annulalus, which has almost
the same livery and the male of which also presents a great head.
It is distinguished from it by its greater and less dense punctures,
the thorax remaining smooth for this reason; by the absence of
lateral dentiform angles on the metathorax; by the punctures of
borders of sezments 2—4, which are greater, and separated, and
of a brown color; the % also by its shorter clypeus, which is not
regularly octagonal, the inferior borders not being identical with
the superior, the inferior being a little more prolonged.

The O. pratensis differs from the O. foraminatus by its meta-
thorax, having a smaller concavity, less surrounded by swellings,
with more rounded borders, more -circumscribed, less extended,
as far as the borders of the posterior face; and by the absence
of little teeth behind the post-scutel; by.a shorter and wider
clypeus, ete.

It differs from the O. Guerreri by its more conical abdomen,
by its less densely cribrose, and not velvety body, ete. Other-
wise, its color is of a gay orange-red, common to insects of the
western coast of North America, and not of the brownish-red
peculiar to the Mexican insects.

Hab. Lower California and the prairies of New Mexico. @
from Cape St. Lucas (Lower California, G. Xantus); % from
New Mexico.

** Abdomen more ovate-conical, slightly contracted anteriorly.

107. © Mawvopictus Savuss.—O. foraminato simillimus, sed meta-
thoracis dentibus superioribus nullis; clypeo latiore, flayo, nigro-margi-

294 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

nato, in medio signatura nigra; abdominis secundi segmenti margine
crasse punctato sed nee impresso, nee rugoso, 2.

Odyn. flavopicius Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 276. ]

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 9.5 mm.

Very similar to O. foraminatus ; a little smaller, and differing
by its clypeus being a little more triangular, and principally by
its metathorax, destitute of sharp edges superiorly, not forming
behind the post-seutel two teeth separated by a fissure.

?. Rather slender. Clypeus wide, its apex narrowly produced,
a little excavated, bidentate. Post-scutel not crenulate. Con-
cavity of metathorax finely striate; its edges roughly punctured,
not margined superiorly by any sharp edges. Abdomen a little
more contracted anteriorly. The whole body more finely ptnc-
tured ; the margin of the 2d abd. segment strongly punctured,
but not rngose; more impressed.

Black, with the same ornaments as O.foraminatus; all the
abdominal segments margined with yellow; the border of the
first segment widened on the sides, with three black notches.
-Clypeus yellow, with a central black spot, and its apex margined

with black. Wings washed with fuscous, with bronze reflections. ©

_Hab. United States. Tennessee.
This may be a variety of O. foraminatus, with imperfectly
developed form.

108. ©. Guerreri Savss.—Obscure rufus et niger, rngose punctatus,
fulvo-hirsutus; clypeo truncato; post-scutello 9 bigibboso, % 2- vel
4-dentato; metathorace ubique obtundato, dense punctato, foveola
striata minore, nullomodo acute-marginata canthis nullis; abdomine
ovato-conico, marginibus segmentorum 2' et sequentium grosse punc-
tatis; secundi valde impresso; antennis rufis, apice nigris; capite
nigro, orbitis 9 omnino rufo-marginatis nec non in vertice summo;
vertice 9 fascia rufa transversa ornato; thorace rufo-maculato, pronoto
rufo; abdomine rufo; segmentis omnibus flavo-marginatis, 19, 20 basi
nigro-variis ; alis fusco-nebulosis, costa ferruginea.

Odyn. Guerrert Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 277.

Q. Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
*%- Total length, 9.5 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

?. Insect quite slender, of an obscure red, velvety. Head and
thorax densely cribrose; scutel divided by a longitudinal groove;

ee

ODY NERUS. 295

erest of post-scutel insensibly bitubereulate. Concavity of meta-
thorax quite small, the strisze parted in the middle by a carina;
its borders completely rounded and punctured, forming no trace
of a salient behind the post-scutel. Abdomen truncate anteriorly ;
second segment rather wider than long, a little wider than the
first; its border offering a wide impressed zone, roughly cribrose
with separate punctures, insensibly crenulate. Borders of the
other segments very coarsely punctured.

Insect black, velvety, garnished with an abundant woolly, tawny
pile. Clypeus, mandibles, a spot on the front, and the complete
border of the orbits, as well as the vertex, ferruginous; one sees
beside on the vertex a transverse band of this color which joins
the summit of the two eyes. Antenne ferruginous, with their
second moiety black. Prothorax, tegule, a spot under the wing,
scutel and post-scutel, wholly or in part, and angles of metathorax,
of an obscure ferruginous; there is often a ferruginous spot at
the base of mesothorax also. Abdomen silky or woolly, ferrugi-
nous, with the border of all the segments, yellow; the base of the
first two black, which forms variable designs. Legs ferruginous.
Wings ferruginous along the side, a little smoky in the rest of
their extent, the radial cellule obscure.

Var. a. The little channel of second segment almost null in
certain specimens.

b. Metathorax black; scutel black, with two red spots; the
black strongly extended on the first two segments of abdomen.

c. The scape blackish above; vertex without red transverse
band; legs black and yellow.

d. Olypeus, ornaments of the head, scutel, tegule, spots under
the wings, passing into yellow.

2. Clypeus wide, strougly punctured, its inferior margin
truncate, the angles forming two little salients.

%. Clypeus polygonal, truncation almost straight, yellow.
Post-scutel bidentate or 4-dentate, or denticulate; 2d segment
very short, concave, its border very rugose, at times a little
channelled. Vertex generally black, bordering of orbits incom-
plete at the summit,

Var. The first segment black, bordered with yellow; the
bordering joining with two red lateral spots; the 2d black, red
‘on the sides. .

fess. a. dif/.—This species has rather nearly the same colora-

996 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

tion as the O. Iturbide and Hidalgi (var. Mex.); but it differs
by its smaller size, by its bidentate post-scutel, by its smaller
concavity which only occupies the middle. The male greatly
resembles the O. molestus, but is distinct from it by the meta-
thorax having its borders more regularly rounded, regularly
punctured, not rugose, not angulate at the summit, nor quite so
_elevated as to be separated from the post-scutel by a fissure; by
the more oval abdomen, by its antenne, red in their first moiety, ete.

The species closely approaches also to the colors of the O.
Morelvi, and the Ancistrocerus tuberculiceps. (See the descrip-
tion of these species.)

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. I took 4 9 and 9 % in
the beautiful valley of Mextitlan; one ? onthe confines of
Morelia, in Mechoacan; and 2 2, 3% in the hot parts of the
province of Mexico (Cuautla).

109. ©. Romamédinus Sauss.—Sfatis gracilis, nigro-velutinus, pilis
longis fulvis hirsutus; post-scutello haud acute truncato; metanoto
haud angulato; puncto post-oculari, pronoti, tegularum, abdominisque
segmentorum 1-3 margine, flavo; post-scutello fascia flava; alis infus-
catis, fusco-purpureo nitidis.—Clypeo ? nigro; % aurantio, basinigro.

Odyn. Romandinus Sauss. et Vespides, I, 184, 79.

©. Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
*. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

Rather slender, very finely punctured and velutinous throughout.
Post-scutel depressed, not sharply truncate. Metathorax very
slightly excavated, not angulate; the excavation not margined ;
superiorly, continued without limits from the superior part; the
lateral edges continued with the inferior edges. Abdomen ovate-
conical, a little depressed ; the first segment not as wide as the
second, bluntly truncate anteriorly, and more strongly punctate.
Second segment having at base beneath a transverse tubercle.

The whole insect of a deep velvet black, and all bristling with
long fulvous hair. Antennee and head black; a little yellow spot
behind the eye. Anterior margin of prothorax with a narrow
yellow band; margin of wing scales, a fascia on the post-scutel,
and the margin of the 1-3 abd. segments narrowly yellow; the
3d margin quite narrow. Wings fuscous, with brown and violet
iridescence. The ornaments are of a golden sulphur-yellow.

|

ODYNERUS. 297

Var. Post-seutel black, without yellow band.

2. Clypeus pyriform, truncate, bidentate or biangulate at tip,
coarsely punctured near the extremity; adorned with two yellow
lines at its apex. .

%. Clypeus elongate, a little bidentate at the apex, the inferior
part occupied by a large orange macula; its teeth and apical
edge black. Hook of the antenne small, black.

Var. The orange macula of the clypeus much extended.

Ress, a. diff—A very distinct species, having quite the
characters of the Odyneride of the northern Andes of South
America, velutinous, grisly with long black hair. This insect
forms somewhat a transition to the Hypodynerus ; it lives also
quite on the northern limits of the distribution of this group of
insects.

flab. New Granada. Sta Fé de Bogota, 2 9,2 %.

SEcTION II.—Body still stubbed, not slender, nor cylindrical.
Abdomen not conical, but remaining sessile ; the 1st segment
smaller than the 2d, as strongly or more strongly punctured
than the 2d; the 2d constricted al base to fit into the first
and more or less deformed; having its margin very strongly
canaliculate and reflexed, and more or less swelled before
the channel.

This group is formed for exceptional types, still belonging to
the Division Odynerus by their general aspect, but passing to
Stenodynerus by the form of the abdomen, which is no longer
conical or ovate-conical, but more narrow anteriorly, and by the
scutel, which is not so distinctly truncate, nor ridged on the line
of the truncation. The two species which follow are approximate
in the form of the abdomen, but very different in that of the
clypeus %.

A. Metathorax not narrowed below, much excavated, with very
sharp edges; post-sculel bituberculate; abdomen quite de-
JSormed.

110. O. Chumiculus Savss.—Niger, crassissime cribri instar pune-
tatus; pronoto cristato, post-scutello bimamillari; metathorace valde
excavato, superne acute marginato; 20 segmento postice cluninm
duarum instar turgente, margine profundissime canaliculato et maxime

298 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

reflexo; macula frontali et subalari, tegulis, maculis 2 seutelli et 2
metanoti, pronoti abdominisque segmentorum 1-4! margine, tibiis et
tarsis, pallide-flavis.—%. Clypeo polygonali flavo; scapo subtus flavo.

Odyn. cluniculus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 60, 18, 4.

*. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.

Body cribrose, with very large, deep punctures; head rugose,
sharply margined behind. Prothorax anteriorly crested, angu-
late. Post-scutel bearing a sort of emarginate crest or two
bidentate eminences; its hinder face elevated, flattened; meta-
thorax vertically truncate, much excavated, rather polished, very
sharply margined superiorly by two angulate prominent ridges,
separated by a sort of channel, being the continuation of the
ground of the cavity; the superior cheeks rather separated from
post-scutel by a sulcosity, and having a polished space; the
inferior part rather angulate inferiorly, but the angles quite
rounded; the inferior edges nearly horizontal. ‘Abdomen quite
deformed. First segment short, truncate anteriorly ; its trans-
verse edge blunt, although a little salient because of a depression
of the superior face. Second segment slightly ovate; quite
swelled above into two large, salient, rounded tubercles, sepa-
_ rated by a deep excavation, resembling two brushes; the margin
forming a rather broad, extremely deep channel, with the poste-
rior edge reflexed into a very much elevated crest, slightly
undulating in the middle. Third segment cut a little concavely
behind. - The first three segments quite as strongly cribrose with
enormous punctures as the thorax (also the tubercles of the 2d
segment). Those following not as strongly punctured.

Black. A frontal and post-ocular spot, anterior margin of
prothorax, a macula under the wing, tegule, two spots on the
scutel, two spots on the metathorax and its blunt angles, and the
margins of the first four abd. segments, pale yellow; margins of
1, 2 segments moderate; 3, 4 very narrow. Feet black or brown;
knees, tibiee, tarsi, and coxe 2, 3, pale yellow; tibie rather ferru-
ginous. Wings subhyaline, anterior margin narrowly brown.

%. Clypeus polygonal, as wide as long, coarsely punctured,
truncate, pale-yellow, as well as a line on the scape of the
antenne; hook ferruginous.—§?. |

Ress. a. diff.—A species quite distinct by the unusual form of

ODYNERUS. 299

its abdomen, recalling, with exaggeration, the African. O. canali-
culatus.

Hab. The temperate part of Mexico. Orizaba (1 %, Sumi-
chrast). :

B. dMetathorax triangular, narrowed posteriorly, not so much
excavated, with sharp superior ridges. Post-scutel not
crested. Second abdominal segment channelied and reflexed,
scarcely swollen.

Zit. O Morelia Savuss.—Niger, dense punctulatus, fulvo-tomentosus ;
pronoto angulato; metathorace haud angulato, foveola postica canthis
acutis superne marginata; abdominis primo segmento minore, margine
elevato; secundi margine rugoso, valde canaliculato valde reflexo;
antennis basi ferrugineis; ore, orbitis et verticis fascia arcuata, pronoto,
macula subalari, tegulis, scutelli margine, metanoti canthis, pedibus
abdomineque, ferrugineis; segmentorum margine obscure flavo; seg-
mentis 19, 20 basi nigris;. alis dilute infuscatis, in costa ferruginea.—
*. Clypeo rotundato, transverso, flavo; argenteo-tomentoso; vertice
tuberculo polito obsoleto instructo.—%,

Odyn. Morelos Savss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 276, 4.

Total length, 9,12 mm.; wing, 4, 10 mm.

$. Head rather swelled transversely at the occiput or behind
the eyes. Vertex a little hollowed, or with a double, polished
low tubercle behind the ocellz, and between this and the ocellx,
a sort of arcuate depression, often obsolete. Thorax short; pro-
thorax quite squarely cut, its angles sharp, but not produced.
Post-scutel quite shortly truncate, linear, transverse, iusensibly
depressed in the middle; but not edged nor crenulate; its hinder
face elevated. Metathorax rather narrow; its upper face on each
side convex; its hinder face rather triangular, forming each side
almost a blunt lateral angle; the excavation margined superiorly
on each side under the post-scutel by a sharp areade or arcuated
edges, very salient, like a sharp crest, but not erect, forming no
teeth whatever behind the post-scutel. Abdomen constricted at
base of the second segment; the first segment very small, much
narrower than the second, truncate and rounded at base; its
margin a little edged. The second segment very strongly cana-
liculate along its margin; the channel widened in the middle and

300 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

the serment slightly swelled into two little cheeks before the
channel; the edge strongly reflexed; the edge of the 3d also a
little reflexed; the 2d beneath as tuberculate at base. The
whole insect finely and densely punctured, on the abdomen as
well as on the thorax; more coarsely on the margin of 2-4 seg-
ments. The body woolly, furnished with gray-fulvous hair.

Black. Mandibles, the 2-3 first joints of antenneg, a frontal
longitudinal line, an elongate large post-ocular spot, not touching
the eyes, and an angulate line on the vertex parted by the
tubercle, and continuing along the inner orbits of the eyes,
rufous. Prothorax, tegule, a spot under the wing, post-scutel,
hinder part of scutel, and often the angles of metathorax, rufous.
Abdomen rufous; the base of the first two segments black, and
the margin of all segments yellowish. The black of the base is
often prolonged on the middle of the segment. Feet rufous.
Wings smoky, with the anterior edge ferruginous.

$. Clypeus wider than long, fulvous or yellowish, with argen-
teous reflections, although having some black hair; its inferior
margin rounded, with a little notch and bidentate in the middle.
Hook of the antennz large, arcuate, black

Var. a. The head not much variegated with ferruginous.
Orbits and vertex nearly black. A black spot near the edge of
the 2d abd. segment. .

b. Metathorax black.

Ress. a. diff.—The coloring of this insect is what I should like
to call the Mexican livery; this dull ferruginous fulvo-velutinous
livery being quite a Mexican type. This coloration is quite that
of Ancistrocerus tuberculiceps, and much also that of Odynerus
Guerreri. From this it differs, by its abdomen, not conical, the
first segment being much narrower than the 2d; by the margin
of the lst segment which is hemmed, and that of the second, much
more canaliculate; by its pogt-scutel not sharp nor crenulate, and
by its very large, wide clypeus.

This is quite an exceptional type by the form of its abdomen,
post-scutel, and its wide % clypeus.

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. I caught two males in
the fine valley of Mextitlan.

ODYNERUS. 301

Division STENODYNERUS.

(Sauss. Vespides I, Divis. IV, 206.—III, Divis. Lpsilon, Il° Sect., p. 255.
Stcnodynerus, Melang. Hymenopt. II° fasc., p. 58.)

Body elongate, generally slender ; often cylindrical. Abdomen
slender and cylindrical, or ovate, not quite sessile, or spindle-
shaped, subpedunculate. Its first segment variable, having
the shape of rather an elongate bell, rounded anteriorly or
cup-shaped, subpedunculate, or funnel-shaped, often longer
than wide.—Post-scutel generally entire, not truncate,
angular posteriorly; but yet sometimes truncate when the
abdomen is spindle-shaped and subpedunculate.

This is a type very richly represented in America.

The Odyneri of this division constitute a special type, remark-
able by the elongation of their forms, which is among the Odynert,
quite a corresponding similarity between the Slenancistrocerus
and the Ancistrocerus.

The parallelism is so complete that one may even designate in
both groups some corresponding species of which some are quite
approximate, merely differing by the presence or absence of a
suture on the Ist abdominal segment,? others very analogous,’
although not quite so similar. This very difficult group is not
distinguished by any one special character, but by the combina-
tion of several, which are not all general to all the species, each
‘Species uniting only a certain portion of them, which partly oecur
in other Odyneri, but are combined in other ways. This makes
the Stenodyneri very difficult to recognize, for one not very
familiar with the genus Odynerus.

1 0. conformis. A. fulvipes.
A. secularis.
O. vagus.
A. Bravo.
2 a. Abdomen elongate, cylindrical.
O. Enyo. A, histrio.
O. totonacus. A. Mexicanus.
b. Abdomen more ovate, 1st segment cup-shaped.
O. speciosus. A, militaris.
O. Peyroti. A. Sumichrasti.

ce. Metathorax produced posteriorly ; wings black, ornaments white.
O..luctuosus. A. quadrisectus, eto.

302 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

The difficulty in distinguishing the Stenodynerus from the
Pachodynerus and the true Odynerus obliges us to make a review
of the characters which are peculiar to each.

The clypeus is not characteristic in any. Generally pyriform
truncate, and biangulate at tip; in 2 sometimes rounded; in %
polygonal-truncate and bidentate.

The thorax is cylindrical when -the abdomen is elongate-
cylindrical, vaulted above, anteriorly not contracted, biangulate
(O. conforms, toltecus, perennts, etc.). When the abdomen is
more ovate or spindle-shaped, the therax is not so elongate,
more triangular, contracted behind. It is nearly always more
or less coarsely punctured, the metathorax being less strongly
punctured.

The post-scutel is very peculiar. It has two different forms:

Ist. Not truncate; that is, angulate behind, not forming a
superior transverse punctate face and a posterior vertical polished
face, but on the contrary entire; rather horizontal or oblique,
falling into the hinder face of metathorax, more elevated anteriorly

‘than posteriorly, as if it had been a little squeezed from behind |

forwards, so as to accumulate it somewhat along the anterior
margin; when crested, the crest is placed on this elevated part
near the anterior margin, and not, as in the Divis. Odynerus, on
the posterior edge formed by the truncation. When not trun-
cate, it is punctured on its whole surface.

2d. Truncate posteriorly and crested on the ridge of the trun-
cation, nearly as in Divis. Odynerus. But in this ease the trun-
cation is more oblique, as if impressed from behind, and the crest
rather pushed forward against the anterior margin. The trunca-
tion also is not as straight transversely, but is rather arcuate.
In case the scutel is truncate, the Stenodyne*us are yet quite
distinct from Divis. Odynerus, in having the metathorax quite
convex, not widely excavated, so that the posterior face of the

post-scutel does not, as in Odynerus, make a part of the posterior.

concavity of the metathorax, and besides, the abdomen is quite
slender, spindle-shaped, the first segment being funnel-shaped,
rather pediculate, not wide and sessile as in the Divis. Odynerus.

The metathorax is quite variable. Ist. Sometimes produced
horizontally, farther than the post-scutel, including it behind
(O. luctuosus), as in some Ancistrocerus (A. 4-seclus). 2d. Gene-
rally not produced superiorly, but somewhat produced under the

ODYNERUS 303

scutel before it becomes truncate, which is such that the post-
scutel is not touched by the truncation; quite rounded, without
lateral angles, with a rounded, free, not limited fossette ; some-
times produced triangularly, convex, only parted by a longitudinal
or suleate channel. 3d. Truncate or biangulate, with a very sharp
cavity and lateral angles (O. spinifer), but the post-scutel not
truncate. Even when quite rounded posteriorly, the metathorax
does not lose its lateral ridges, which extend from the posterior
wing to the articular valves of the abdomen, and which must not
be confounded with the superior and inferior edges which con-
stitute the lateral margin of the concavity, when existing.

The abdomen has also various forms: Ist. In the elongate-
cylindrical type it is elongate and cylindrical, sessile, but the first
segment. is bell-shaped, elongate, rounded, not or but slightly
contracted anteriorly, but not truncate; as long as wide. This
form is very different from that of Divis. Odynerus, where the Ist
segment is wide, truncate anteriorly, its superior face being
always wider than long. 2d. Elongate, slender, but more
depressed; the lst segment short, truncate, as in Odynerus, but
the post-scutel not truncate (O. spinifer). 8d. More ovate, con-
tracted anteriorly, the first segment being small, cup-shaped,
rounded, not quite sessile, often subpetiolate ;° the 2d segment
more swelled. 4th. Elongate spindle-shaped, quite slender,
attenuated anteriorly the same as posteriorly; the first segment
funnel-shaped, sometimes elongate and subpetiolate.

The abdomen has a tendency to be more produced than in
Divis. Odynerus; and the Ist segment is always more coarsely
punctured than the 2d, which is just the contrary in Divis. Ody-
nerus. These various forms make quite insensible transitions
from one to another, and their various combinations make it very
dificult to define the subdivisions of the group, so that one must
pardon me if I have not succeeded in rendering them distinct
enough.

The table of species, based on empirical characters, will perhaps
help the reader out of the chaos of the very numerous species,
better than the diagnosis of the subdivisions, and the following
table will assist in distinguishing the Stenodynerus from the
Divis. Pachodynerus and Odynerus pr. dict.

304 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [ PART I,

A. Upper face of thorax prolonged beyond the post-scutel, involving it

behind. Stenodynerus.
B. Thorax not prolonged superiorly behind the post scutel.
a. Post-scutel entire, angulate behind. Stenodynerus.

b. Post-scutel truncate posteriorly, having a posterior face.
{ First abdominal segment short, truncate anteriorly, its superior

face wider than long. Odynerus.
tt First abd. segment subpedunculate, funnel-shaped or cup-shaped.
Stenodynerus.

C. Abdomen thick, conical, widest anteriorly. Odynerus.

D. Abdomen not so conical.
a. First segment truncate anteriorly.
a. Its superior face wider than long.

* Post-scutel truncate; abdomen ovate-conical. Odynerus.
** Post-scutel not truncate; abdomen slender 1st segment more
punctured than the 2d. Stenodynerus.
2. Its superior face about as long as wide. Stenodynerus.
b. Abdomen slender, cylindrical; first segment bell-shaped, sessile,
rounded anteriorly, as long as wide. Stenodynerus.
ec. Abdomen more ovate, first segment smaller, cup-shaped.
Stenodynerus.
d. Abdomen slender, spindle-shaped ; first segment funnel-shaped.
Stenodynerus.
E. First abd. segment less punctured than the 2d, or equally punctured
with it. Odynerus.
F. First abd. segment more punctured than the 2d or equally with it.
} Stenodynerus.
G. Post-scutel entire, angulate behind. Stenodynerus.
H. Post-scutel truncate posteriorly.
a. Abdomen sessile, or subsessile, truncate at base. Odynerus.
b. Abdomen subpedunculate, lst segment funnel-shaped.
Stenodynerus.

It is almost superfluous to say that-these distinctions are not
mathematical, nature always forming transitions which oblige us
to admit a certain latitude in the exceptions and in the meaning
of the definitions.

Table to assist in the determination of the Stenodyneri.

1. Wings black, with violet iridescence. 114. luctuosus.
1, 1. Wings cloudy, ferruginous, or subhyaline.
2. A crest or two erect spines behind the post-scutel.
3. Metathorax strongly biangulate, and bidentate superiorly.
112. spinifer.
3, 3. Metathorax superiorly margined with a semicircular ridge.

: : 113. araucanus.
O.GSt) Cnrpifrrna Var (0?) wmpoue wAR 6. terrbidi Sais, (mux) fi o 0. (tdyal.

ODYNERUS. 305

2,2. No erect spines on metathorax, behind the post-scutel.
3. Scutel, metathorax, and first segment orange, wings ferruginons,
with the apex brown. 115. Enyo.
3, 3. Insect black, with yellow or luteous ornaments.
4. Post-scutel black, truncate or crested; scutel adorned with
yellow. Small species very slender.
5. Metathorax unarmed.
6. Quite small; antenne and pleure maculate.
149. acolhuus.
6,6. Larger. Antenne and pleure 9 immaculate.
150. zendalus.
5,5. Metathorax having superiorly two small tubercles; quite
small species.
6. Tubercles large, dentiform; post-scutel truncate, not
crested. 154, tepanecus.
6,6. Tubercles small. Post-scutel crested.
7. Tubercles rounded, punctured ; post-scutel crested ante-
riorly. 151. nahuus.
7, 7. Tubercles sharp, compressed, very small.
8. Post-scutel crested anteriorly. 152. olmecus.
8, 8. Post-scutel crested posteriorly. 153. chichimecus.
4,4. Post-scutel triangular or not distinctly truncate, generally
with a yellow fascia.

5. Scutel and post-scutel orange. 142. columbaris.
5,5. Scutel always black. . oe
6. Post-scutel crested, yellow. 124, Xantianus. as ohare fo
6,6. Post-scutel not crested.
7. Post-scutel black.
8. Thorax quite black.
9. Only the first segment margined with yellow.
132. Nortonianus, var.
9,9. Segments 2-5 margined with yellow.
140. similis.
8, 8. Thorax adorned with yellow.
‘9. Only the first segment margined with yellow.
132. Nortonianus.
9,9. The first two segments adorned with yellow.
10. Second segment with two yellow spots.
132. Nortonianus.
10, 10. Second segment without yellow spot.
144. coyotus.
7, 7. Post-scutel adorned with yellow; the 2d segment mar-
gined with yellow.
8. Anterior margin of prothorax adorned with yellow,
not its posterior margin,
9. Margin of 2d segment very strongly canaliculate
and reflexed. a8. J toltecus.
120. | ?Toas. a
90 veal Ver (8)
Papagoeuere “Ver Cot)

auttotlita Ver Co +)
ancoowepansntufies Wir Loe)

306 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

9,9. Margin of 2d segment not canaliculate, or only
slightly reflexed.
10. Second abdominal segment with two free yellow
spots.
11. First segment with two yellow spots.
o bie 12. The spots elongate or oblique’ fascie.
O.Gtrer?) Ldonrlea a oo Naame ent ec 13. Smaller, very slender, cylindrical.
0. (Ting) poareraua Vir Co) mmr YG Jove, ies 117. conformis.
eS one Os as 13, 13. Larger, notslender. 116. vagus.
Bea 12,12. The spots rounded, or small, or triangular.
OG Ered) provecusa Vin (02 ) pi ek cai 13. Margin of 2d segment slightly reflexed.
View DlOdn) aprctatilitrrro Veo (22). 121. { collega.
6 (Stes) semen Ven Ga) ernden te taser bab- 120. & Toas.
amt ald. ay, flac. 13,13. Margin of 2d segment punctured, not sen-
sibly reflexed. 119. anormis.
a Ss sateen adenine ee 11,11. First abdominal segment without yellow spots.
Verne OCS tee a) ieee | 12. Post-scutel bipunctate with yellow.

wt. ald run
132. Nortonianus.

et Ieee Satie eee y area 12,12. Post-scutel with a yellow band.
; 13. Margin of 2d segment slightly reflexed.
0 (Stew 2) wrewratictin Nun (ob) © refuted a 19%: Gcottene
. . ga.
a ‘ 190. U Tous:
13,13. Margin of 2d segment not refiexed.
14. Ornaments rufous, feet rufous, body
velutinous. 126. propinquus.
14,14. Ornaments yellow or pale; feet black
‘and yellow, or yellow.
15. Small; ornaments luteous.
* 125. Kennicottianus.
15,15. Ornaments yellow.
16. Segments 1-4 margined with yel-
low. Abdomen ovate.
119. { anormis.
126. propinguus, var.
16,16. Segments 1, 2, 4 margined with
yellow. Abdomen slender.
17. Body much variegated with
orange-yellow ; femora yellow.
122. bacuensis:
17,17. Body passably variegated with
sulphur-yellow ; femora black.
123. pedestris.
10,10. Second abd. segment without free yellow spots.
11. First abd. segment with two yellow spots or
fascie.
12. With two oblique fasciz.
116. vagus, var.

ODYNERUS. 307

12,12. Wi'h two free spots. 121. collega, var.
13. Fossette of metathorax rather angulate
superiorly. 129. Terensis.
13,13. Fossette of metathorax rounded.
121. collega, var.
11,11. First and second segments without free yel-
low spots.
12, Only the first two abd. segments margined
with yellow or luteous.
13. Tibiz and tarsi quite yellow or ferrugi-
nous.

14. Rather large; margin of 2d segment

reflexed. 121. collega, var.
14,14. Smaller, slender; margin of 2d segment
not reflexed.
15. Ornaments wide, deep yellow; 2d
segment strongly punctate.
128. perennis.
15,15. Ornaments narrow, pale sulphur-yel-
low; 2d segments finely punctate.
145. ( Tacubaye, var.
148. | Mohicanus. .
147. Huro.
136. | Catlepetlensis.
13,13. Tibize and tarsi black, or maculate with
yellow or luteous.

14. Insect not very slender; ornaments yel-
low; abdomen ovate, margin cf first
segment wide, widened on each side;
feet black. 135. mystecus.

14,14. Insect slender.
15. Ornaments pale.

16. Abdomen truncate at base; meta-
thorax superiorly margined by
an arcuate crest.

138. Araucanus.
16,16. Abd. spindle shaped ; metathorax
not crested superiorly. Yellow
margins quite narrow.

146.

143.

15,15. Ornaments yellow; first abd. seg-
ment rather sessile, square above,

pruinosus.

144. coyolus, var

totonacus, var,

rugose. 131. fiyulus.
12,12. More than two segments margined with
yellow.
13. Segments 1, 2, 4 margined with yellow.

2808

HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PART Es

14. Metathorax rough, rather angulate; 5th
segment margined with yellow.
129. Yexensis, var.
14,14. Metathorax rounded, rather rough; 5th
segment not margined.
127. Pennsylvanicus.
13,18. The third segment margined with yellow.
14. The following segments margined with
147. | Huro.
135. | mystecus.
14,14. Segments 1-4 margined with yellow.
15. Margin of 2d segment rather refiexed.
121. collega, var.
15,15. Margin of 2d segment not reflexed.
16. Only the segment 14 9°, 1-5. 4
margined with yellow.

yellow.

17. Body elongate ; abdomen eylin-
drical ; metathorax depressed,
flattened. 130. fascicu/latus.

17,17. Body not so slender; abdomen
more ovate, contracted at base;
metathorax short, rounded.

133. Victorie.
16,16. All the segments margined with
yellow.

17. Ornaments luteous; anus black.

125. § Aennicottianus.
134. | Inea.
17,17. Ornaments yellow.
18. All the margins wide; anus
yellow. 137. mayus.
18,18. The last margins narrow; anus
hises Victoria.
134. | Inca.
8,8. Posterior margin of prothorax adorned with yellow,
and often also its anterior margin quite black.
9. A free spot on each side of the 2d abd. segment.
126. propinquus.
9,9. No free spot on the 2d segment. :
10. Quite slender; only the first two segments mar-
gined with pale sulphur-yellow.
11. Feet black; tibie often maculate with yellow.
Small. 143. totonacus.
Very small. 144. coyotus.
11,11. Tibiz and tarsifulvous. 145. Tacubaye.
10,10. Not so slender, abd. more ovate; all the seg-
ments margined with yellow.
11. Metathorax rugose, reticulately rugose or
punctate.

ODYNERUS. 309

12. Body fulvo-velutinous ; prothorax and first
seginent posteriorly well margined with
yellow ; wings ferruginous on the anterior
edge. 139. otomitus.

12,12. Body argenteo-sericeus ; prothorax and Ist
segment very narrowly margined, or quite
black; 2d segment widely margined ;
wings cloudy. 141. Peyroti.

11,11. Metathorax punctate, not so rugose; wings
smoky. ° 138. huastecus.

Description of the species.

I. Metathorax having its posterior plate superiorly terminated
by two erect teeth, or by an erect crest.

A. Metathorax not prolonged beyond the post-sculel, but truncate
at its apex, posteriorly excavated, angulate on each side ;
the superior edges of the posterior plate terminating in two
erect spines, which are separated from the post-scutel by
deep fissures.

This type establishes the passage from the true Odynerus to
the Stenodynerus. The metathorax continue to be formed as in
the Odynerus propr. dict., angular and sharp, but the post-seutel,
instead of being transversely truncate and crested, advances
angularly between the spines of metathorax, and is not sensibly
truncate. The first abdominal segment is short and truncate
anteriorly. The other characters are quite those of Sfenodynerus:
Head rounded and convex; body slender, rather cylindrical, the
first abdominal segment more punctate than the rest of the
abdomen.

Liz. O. spimifer Savss.—Gracillimus, elongatus; clypeo piriformi,
punctato, apice arcuato-truncato, biangulato. Caput, thorax et abdo-
minis primum segmentum, tenuiter dense punctata. Thorax convexus,
antice haud coarctatus, tenuiter eristato-marginatus ; scutellis deplanatis ;
post-scutello trigonali, apice haud vel obsolete truncato; metanoto
postice oblique excavato, canthis /atera/ibus valde acutis, utrinque
dentem eflicientibus; foveola strigata, rugosa; canthis inferis acutis,
valvis articulationis latis ; canthis superis obsoletis, superne pone post-
seutellum in spinas 2 erectas elongatas excurrentibus. Abdomen sub-
velutinum , primo segmento brevi, latitudine fere secundo wequali, an-
tice rotundato, truncato, superne per suleum partito ; seeundo elongato;

310 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART T.

segmentis 2-6 tenuissime punctatis. Corpus nigrum; mandibularum
apice, tegulis, tibiis tarsisque, ferrugineis; punctis 2 in summo clypeo,
puncto frontali, puncto utringue post-oculari, et altero in oculorum sinu,
pronoti linea antica interrupta, macula subalari, puncto utrinque in
metanoti dentibus lateralibus abdominisque segmentorum 1i, 2! fascia
angusta, flavis vel luteis. Alis fusco-nebulesis; venis fuscis, tegulis
flavo-punctatis 9.—Longit. 10 mm.; ale, 7.5 mm.

Odyn. spinifer Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. X, 1858, 168, 9.

fiess. a. diff.—In this species the distribution of the colors is
very characteristic. The scutel and post-scutel continue black,
although there is a yellow spot under the wing. The yellow
spots are all quite small and the bands quite narrow. These
ornaments are whitish on the head and thorax, more yellowish on
the abdomen.
_ This Odynerus resembles O. scutellaris by its metathoracic
erect spines, but the forms are quite different; the post-scutel is
not transversely truncate; the abdomen is more cylindrical; and
it is the Ist segment which is the most strongly punctate, just
the contrary of what appears in scutellaris; the head is more
rounded, more convex; the metathorax more excavated, but its
concavity is smaller; the livery is quite different.

Hab. Brazil, Para.

B. Metathorax truncate, excavated; superiorly nargined by an
arcuate ridge, rather crenulate, separated on each side from
post-scuiel by a fissure.

113. O. Araucamus Savss.—Parvulus, niger, gracillimus, cribri in-
star punctatus ; pronoto valde angulato; metanoto superne cristulato;
linea scapi, puncto frontali et subalari, tegularum marginibus, litura
angusta pronoti marginis antici et post-scutelli, nee non fasciis 2 abdo-
minis, albidis. 9.

‘Odyn. Araucanus Sauss. Reise. Oester. Fregatte, Novara. Hymenop. 14,
13, fig. 8, 9.

Total length,8 mm.; wing,5mm.

2. Small, slender, cylindrical; head and thorax densely punc-
tate; abdomen rather more finely punctate. Head excavated
posteriorly. Prothorax having its angles very sharp. Meta-
thorax almost vertically truncate, rugose on its superior part;
its hinder face much excavated; the excavation almost polished,

ODYNERUS. 311

nearly forming on each side a‘sort of angle, acutely marginate
superiorly in an are of a circle; the margin rough, slightly
elevated behind the post-scutel, crenulate, separated from post-
scutel by a fissure. Abdomen cylindrical; the first segment
rather elongate, anteriorly rounded-truncate. |

Black, shining; mandibles, apex of the tarsi, and antenne
beneath, ferruginous; a line on the scape beneath, a frontal and
post-ocular spot, anterior margin of prothorax, two spots on the
margin of the tegule, post-tegule, one or two spots under the
wings, a line on post-scutel, and the margin of the first two abdo-
minal segments, luteous. Feet black. Wings subhyaline, the
nerves brown. |

Ress. a. diff.—It much resembles Ancistr. scabriusculus, but is
distinct by its abdomen, without suture.

flab. Chili (Museum of Vienna).

C. Form not very slender. Metaithoraxz produced horizontally
beyond the post-sculel ; then vertically truncate; the post-
scutel quite enveloped by it posteriorly, not reaching up to
the edge of the posterior face of metathorax ; the posterior
Jace of metathorax superiorly terminating in an erect crest,
parted by a fissure. Verlex in 9 having two pilose tubercles.

This type is in the Stenodynerus, the corresponding represen-
tative of the type of A. 4-sectus, in the Slenancistrocerus. It
has also the metathorax prolonged and the vertex armed with
two pilose tubercles. But the abdomen, although polished in the
same way, is much contracted at base.

Lid. O. huctuosus Savss.—Validus, ater, rugosus, nigro pilosus;
clypeus piriformis, paulum punctatus, apice paulum emarginatus, bi-
dentatus. Caput et thorax crasse punctata, rugosissime secundum
longitudinem elevato-strigata; vertice cirris 2 piloram nigrorum in-
structo, pronoto cristato-marginato, angulato; scutello levi, nitido,
Sparse punctato; post-scutello depresso, integro; metathorace rugo-
Sissimo, transverse elevato-striato, nec non utringue subtus arcnato-
Strigato, velutino et longe nigro- vel cinereo-piloso, pone post-scutellum
producto, dein truncato; postice tantum in medio foveolato, grosse
Strigato; sed in summo, supra foveolam in cristulam producto, trans-
versam crenatam, in medio divisam. Abdomen nitidissimum, sparse
punctatum; primo segmento Lasi truncato valde angustiore quam se-
cundum; secundo supra in tuberculum tumescente.—Linea mandibu-
larum, macule 2 laterales clypei, linea in antennarum Scapo el macule

312 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

2 magne in basi secundi abdominis segmenti, albide. Ale nigre-
violacee.—Longit. 20 mm.; ale, 17 mm.

Odyn. luctuosus Sauss. Et. Vespid. Ili, 220, 114 (1854).

This Odynerus has many characters in common with the 0.
4-sectus ; tubercle of 2d segment (here much m re developed) ;
form of clypeus, brush of vertex, superior termination of meta-
thorax ; but it differs from it by the strong rugosities, by the form
of the striz of the head and thorax, and by its metathorax which
offers no trace of latero-superior ridges, so that the lateral ridges
are continued with the inferior ridges, in forming lateral trenchant,
but not acute angles.

The first abdominal segment is a little funnel-shaped, truncate.
The maxillary palpi have the 2d article long and slender, and the
- last three quite small, although longer taken together than the 3d.

The two spots of the abdomen might cause this Odynerus to
be taken for the O. bidens, if its form and punctuation were not
wholly different. |

Hab. America. Which part, not known.

II. Metathorax not forming erect spines or crests behind the
post-scutel. Its superior face not produced behind the post-
scutel. This last not posteriorly truncate, but angular.
Post-scutel generally yellow, scutel usually black.

The great number of species composing this group, and the
intimate relations which they bear to each other, make me
doubtful of my success in defining them with certainty.—The
species are all of moderate or small size.

1. Body slender, cylindrical. Concavity of the metathorax
wide, sometimes rather distinctly limited. First abdominal
segment bell-shaped, rather elongate, widely rounded ante-
riorly, sessile or subsessile. Thorax rather elongate,
vaulted, subcylindrical.

(Group of O. conformis.)

This group represents the true Stenodynerus with elongate,
slender, cylindrical forms Among the Stenancistrocerus this
has quite a corresponding facies in the group of A. fulvipes, so that
one may find it difficult to distinguish some of the corresponding

ODYNERUS. 313
species- of both series. Thus O. vagus seems nearly of a form
with A. fulvipes, in which the suture of the first abd. segment
should disappear.

A. Metathoraxz slightly prolonged under the post-scutel beyond
it, being truncate before;' tts concavity margined with
sharp edges, nearly angulate on each side.

a, Abdomen slender, cylindrical; first segment as wide as the second, Body
velvety.

115. 0. Emyo—Gracilis, elongatus et angustus, ommino velutinus ;
clypeo ° piriformi, punctato, apice biangulato ; capite et thorace grosse
eribratis ; pronoto biangulato ; metanoto granuloso, pone post-scutellum
foveolato-truncato ; ejus foveola rotundata marginibus arcuatis, hebet
atis punctatisque circumdata; canthis inferis utringue dente duplice
instructis ; abdomine valde elongato, angusto; dense punctato et velu-
tino; primo segmento magno, elongato, basi truncato, supra fere pariter

. longo quam lato, grosse cribrato et in longitudinem per canaliculum
obsoletum partito.—Niger; ore, capite abdominisque segmentis 3-6,
obscure ferrngineis ; clypeo, thorace et abd. secundo segmento nigris ;
tegulis, post-scutello, metanoto, abdominis primo segmento et pedibus,
aurantiis ;autennis aurantiis ; basiferrugineis ; alis flavis, parte apicali
nigra. Longit. 12 mm.

%. Minor; metanoti canthis paulo distinctioribus macula frontali et
clypeo, flavis; hoc anguste polygonali, bidentato; antennis uncinatis,
aurantiis.

Odyn. Enyo Ler. St. Fara. Hymen. II, 648, 33 (1841).—Sauss. Et.
Vespid. I, 185, 81.—Sacra’s Hist. de Cuba, Ins. 770.—Cresson,
Philad. Entom. Proceed. IV, 1865, 165.

Odyn. elegans Gur. Icon. Regu. Anim. Ins. 446, pl. 73, fig. 5 (1842).

Hab. Cuba.

B. Metathorax scarcely, or not distinctly produced under
the post-scutel, beyond tt.

a. Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, with the Ist segment as wide as the 2d,
elongate; or ovoid-elongate with the 1st segment a little narrower, rounded.

* The 1st and 2d abdominal segments each adorned with two yellow spots, or fascia
beside their marginal fascia.
( Observation, —These spots are often wanting, particularly in O. toltecus.)
_! This type finds in the Stenancistrocerus its corresponding type in
Stenanc. histrio.

314 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

Neat Se Ramer Lic. ©. wagus Savss.—Elongatus, gracilis, punctatissimus; flavo-
e ifara, Mech Pacha. variegatus ; abdominis segmentis 1-2, vel 1-4, flavo-limbatis; primo
11, 1703). insuper fascia interrupta flava} secundo punctis 2 liberis flavis, mar-
gine subcanaliculato, crassius punctato, ?.
Odyn. vagus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 277, 9.

Total length, 11-12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

©. The whole insect coarsely punctured. Head wider than

high. Clypeus pyriform, subbidentate. Prothorax slightly

angulate. Metathorax not very rugose superiorly, presenting on
each side of post-scutel a little flat place; its posterior face
excavated, but the fossette not margined by ridges; the margins
quite rounded and rugose. First abdominal segment rounded
anteriorly, cribrose with coarse punctures, which continue at some
distance on the anterior face; 2d segment very little wider than
the first, quite cribrose with punctures, not quite so coarse as on
“s | the first segment, except on the margin, where they become just
as coarse; the margin is also very slightly canaliculate. Beneath,
the 2d and 3d segments are cribrose with large punctures, which
are variable or effaced.

Black. Antenne black, with a yellow line on the scape. An
arcuate line on the summit of clypeus, a macula at base of man-
dibles, a frontal spot, a spot on the sinus of the eyes, and a post-
ocular line, yellow. Two spots on prothorax (or a submarginal
interrupted bi-arcuate band), a spot under the wing, tegule, and
their appendix, a band on the post-scutel, and the edges of meta-
thorax, bright yellow. The 3d—4th abdominal segments narrowly
margined with yellow, the 2d more broadly; the Ist segment
adorned in addition with two oblique lateral lines (or an inter-
rupted transverse fascia on its middle, near the base), and the 2d
with two lateral yellow or rufous spots. ‘The margin of the first
wider in the middle, narrower on the side.

Legs black; knees, tibie, and tarsi yellow or ferruginous.
Wings subhyaline or smoky. |

Var. a. Clypeus black, with two yellow dots on its summit and
often two at its apex, or yellow, with a black triangle.

b. All the abdominal segments margined with yellow.

e. Only the first two segments margined with yellow.

d. The edge of 2d segment a little reflexed.

ODYNERUS. 315

e. The yellow macule of metathorax quite variable, forming
two lines or four spots, or only marking the inferior edges.

f. A yellow spot on the mesothorax before the scutel.

g. Prothorax with a complete yellow margin or with four spots.

h. The spots on the 2d segment very small (or wanting 7).

7. Ornaments passing into ferruginous,

&. Unknown.

Ress. a. diff.—This species has quite the appearance of Ancis-
irocerus fulvipes and secularis, although without suture on the
Ist segment. But these two species must not be taken as acci-
dental varieties of the same. QO. vagus has the thorax not so
cylindrical, shorter, a little wider anteriorly, and in the middle,
narrower behind; the Ist abdominal segment is more rounded,
more depressed at base; the 2d segment is also a little wider,
which makes the abdomen not so cylindrical; the whole insect is
not so coarsely punctured in vagus, especially on the clypeus;
and the 2d segment is more finely punctured than the 1st, while
in fulvipes and secularis, the clypeus and 2d segments are
generally as coarsely punctured as the rest, although there exist
some differences in the various specimens. It greatly resembles
_O. oculatus ‘in its livery, but the 1st abdominal segment is larger,
with more elongate yellow dines, not spots, etc. —It approximates
‘still more to O. conformis (Comp. this species).

Hab. United States, New York (EH. Norton), Illinois (B. D.
Walsh), Tennessee (H. F. Falconnet).

11%. 0. comformis Savss.—0O. vago simillimus, at minor, gracilior, pjsaty aawa 4 pen

magis cylindricus, crassius punctatus ; clypeo 9 crassissime cribrato- Dee ee oN
coe «Off aN ,

punctato, metanoto valde rugoso, primo abdominis segmento basi trun- ms

cato, in cantho rugoso; 20 segmento crassius punctato, margine rugo- :

sissimo, reflexo; niger, flavo-variegatus ; clypeo flavo-4-punctato, vel

fascia aut lineolis 2 flavis; abdominis segmentis 19, 29 solis flavo-mar-

ginatis, 1° utrinque insuper fascia obliqua, 2° utrinque macula flava. 9.

Odyn. conformis Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 219, 112, 9 var. (1854).

Total length, 10 mm. ; wing, 7 mm.

©. A species quite approximating to O. vagus, but smaller,
more slender, more elongate, quite cylindrical, and the first abd.
segment longer than wide. The punctures coarse; the ornaments
nearly the same.—This species still more resembles the O. /ul-
vipes; it has much of its elongate-cylindrical form and rugose

316 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [ PARTI.

punctures, but the lst abdominal segment has no suture and is
smaller.

Head orbicular or even theties than wide; the antenne inserted
almost below its middle. Clypeus shining, very coarsely cribrose.
Head and thorax coarsely punctate; metathorax a little elongate,
very rough; its concavity deep; the upper cheeks more convex
and prominent than in vagus; the lateral ridges not so much
pronounced. Abdomen elongate and cylindrical, very coarsely
punctured, especially the edge of the 2d segment, which is rather
strongly reflexed; the first segment truncate at base, not so much
rounded as in O. vagus, forming a transverse rugose edge; the
rugosities sometimes resembling a vestige of a suture.

The livery is just the same as in O. vagus, but the segments
3-5 of the abdomen have no yellow margin; the clypeus generally
has two yellow lines near the top and the disk of metathorax a
basal yellow spot. In the southern provinces the wings become
rather cloudy.

%. Unknown.

Ress. a. diff.—This should he oe with O. pedestris,
perennis, Kennicotianus, and anormis.

Hab. The United States, New York (4. Norton), Pokdsse
(Fuchs).

AIS. O. Toltecus Savss.—Nicer, gracilis, cylindricus, erasse punctatus,
fuivo-pictus ; abdominis segmentis 1°, 2° flavo-limbatis, utrinqne flavo-
bipunctatis ; secundi margine maxime canaliculato, maxime reflexo.—
* vertice tuberculato.

Odyn. Toltecus Sauss. Revue et Mag. de Zool. IX, 1857, 277. ;

Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 7 mm.

-Form as in 0. vagus. Body elongate, slender, and cylindrical.

Head orbicular. Clypeus finely punctured, pyriform, termi-
nated by a very small edge. Thorax elongate, convex; prothorax
slightly angulate; post-scutel slightly carinated transversely.
Metathorax narrow, excavated; the tavity strongly punctured,
margined inferiorly by two little converging carine; the edges
rounded, not sharp superiorly. The upper lateral spine of the
articulation elongate; the inferior one triangular on the margin
of the articular cavity. Head, thorax, and first segment of the
abdomen, cribrose with coarse punctures; the following segments

ODYNERUS. a1}

more finely punctured. Abdomen cylindrical, the first segment
in form of an elongate bell, as wide as. the second, rounded ante-
riorly, with a feeble depression above; the second constricted at
base; its posterior edge very deeply and suddenly canaliculate,
with its margin very strongly reflexed, like an erect lamella; the
very deep channel very coarsely punctured. The other segments
finely punctured, not reflexed.

Black. <A ferruginous spot at base of the antenne; a frontal
spot, a dot in the sinus of the eyes at a post-ocular spot, a.sub-
‘marginal fascia on the anterior edge of the prothorax, a spot
under the wing, margin of tegule, a spot on mesothorax before
the scutel, post-scutel, and inferior edges of metathorax, dull
‘erruginous or yellowish. The first. two abdominal segments
margined with a regular yellow band, and adorned near the base,
each with two lateral yellow or ferruginous spots; the spots of
the first segment a little oblique. Feet black; knees and tarsi
beneath ferruginous, or yellowish. Wings subhyaline, nerves
fuscous.

Var. a. Prothorax with only two yellow spots; disk of meso-
thorax not spotted.

b. The free spots of the 1st and 2d segments of the abdomen
wanting. 7

%. Smaller. Vertex having a large double tubercle; this is
flattened and polished, parted by a groove. Clypeus polygonal,
longer than wide, yellow, terminated by two acute teeth. Scape
of antenne beneath, inner orbits and frontal spot, yellow. Hook
of the antenne black. Mandibles with a yellow line. Second
abdominal segment slightly swelled; the free spots of the first
two segments often wanting in the small specimens, especially
those of the 2d segment. Tibiz and tarsi yellowish-ferruginous.
Metathorax generally black, except the valves of the articulation.

Var. In small specimens the tubercles of the vertex are quite
obsolete. —The males are sometimes very small. Length, 7 mm. ;
wing, 5 mm.

Ress. a. diff.—This species has intermediate forms between O.
vagus and O. conforms ; it is a little more elongate and slender
than the first; a little less than the second. It is very neatly
characterized by the strong difference of form of its 2d abd. seg-
ment, the edge of which is extraordinarily deeply and narrowly
canaliculated as in no other species, except dneistrocerus Arisle -

Mek . (Rockows p 76 1908)
Neat tg (i, packed acta

318 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

the margin being quite a high crest. In O. conformis it is only
slightly reflexed and a little canaliculated, but not making a sharp
deep channel as in O. Bravo. The tubercle of the head of the
males is also very characteristic. (We notice that such are found
in other species with strong canaliculate 2d segment as Ancistro-
cerus tuberculiceps.)

Hab. The temperate Mexico. I caught 13 specimens in the
valleys of the Sierra’ Madre and near Mextitlan.

LiS. © amormnis Say.—Niger, valde punctatus, abdominis 20 seg-
mento satis elongato, margine fortius punctato; primo eupuliformi ;
capitis punctis, pronoti margine antico, tegulis, macula subalari, post-

scutello, metanoti angulis, abdominis segmentorum limbo, nee non

secundi maculis 2, flavis.—%. Clypeo, mandibulis, antennis subtus,
flavis.

Lumenes anormis! Say, Long’s 2d Exped. 1824, Append. 78 (II, 346, 3),

2 (non %).—Say’s Entomol. (Le Core), I, 234, 3 9 (non % ).—
Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 232; III, 340, 225.

Odyn. anormis Say, Boston Journ. I, 1837, 387, 5.—Say’s Entomol. (Lr
Conte), II, 767; 5.

Lhynchium anorme Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 184.

Odyn. oculatus Say, Boston Journ. I, 1837, 385, 2 4 .—Say’s Entomol.
LE Conte), II, 766, 2.—Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 219, 113, 4 .—Cresson
Amer. Ent. Trans. I, 1867, 387, 23.

Odyn. persecutor Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 256, 133, pl. xiv, fig. 1, 92 (1854).

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 7} mm.

Pronotum wide, its angles sharp; post-scutel not elevated;
metathorax having its lateral ridges sharp, but its cavity not
bordered by sharp edges, nor with well-defined limits. Abdomen
ovaio-conical ; its first segment cup-shaped, not so wide as the

1 There can be no doubt, whatever, about the identity of this species
with O. oculatus 9, it being very well described by Say. He called it
anormis, because it has not the form of Humenes, and he only classed it in
this genus because of the similar structure of its mouth, being unaware
that these two genera are not to be separately distinguished by the mouth.
And further he says (Bost. Journ.), “It is like the Oculatus Say.’’ Besides,
he took his female specimen for a male, which made him find some differ-
ence from Oculatus, which was described from a male.

2 In some copies the anteune have been painted all yellow, by mistake.
The yellow color is only to be seen beneath when developec under the
flagellum. |

ee

ODYNERUS. 319

9d; itis longer than wide. The whole insect strongly punctured;
the thorax roughly punctured; the edge of the 2d segment having
a line of strong punctures beneath, as well as on the dorsal side.

Black; a spot on the forehead, inner border of the orbits, a dot
behind each eye; an interrupted border on the anterior edge of
prothorax, a spot under the wing, post-scutel, tegule, and post-
tecule, aud the ridges of metathorax, yellow; the tegule with a
brown spot; all the segments of the abdomen bordered with
yellow, the first fascia fused with a lateral spot; the 2d segment
adorned on each side with a clear yellow spot; beneath black ;
feet black at base ; knees, tibiae, and tarsi yellow. Wings hyaline,
nerves brown, with a brown cloud in the radial cell.

%. Clypeus very slightly emarginate, yellow; mandibles and
antennee beneath, yellow. Femora and coxe anteriorly yellow.

Ress. a. diff.—Very closely allied to O. conformis, but not as
eylindrical.—Compare also the following species.

Hab. North America. Baltimore, Ohio, New York, Con-
necticut (EH. Norton), Illinois (B. D. Walsh), Missouri (Say),
New Mexico. ;

120. ©. Woas Cresson.—Niger; clypei summi fascia, punctis capitis,
Seapi fascia, pronoti maculis 2, tegulis, macula subalari, post-scutello,
maculis 2 metanoti, abdominis segmentorum limbo, nec non maculis 2
basalibus 2' et maculis 2 confluentibus primi, albidis; secundo seg-
mento margine reflexo; pedibus rufis, genibus flavidis.

Odyn. Toas Cresson, Amer. Ent. Trans. I, 1867, 381, 24.

Total length, 4 lin.

?. Black, densely and deeply punctured; a lunate line at base
of clypeus, spot at base of mandibles, another above insertion of
antenn, another in the emargination of eyes, and a short line on
posterior orbits, pale yellowish-white ; elypeus with longitudinal
punctures, narrowed at tip, which is subemarginate; apical half
of mandibles ferruginous; palpi pale; antenne with the scape
whitish on the outside; two transverse spots: on prothorax,
tegule, except a dusky medial dot, a large spot beneath and a
small spot behind tegule, post-scutellum, and a transverse mark
on. each side of metathorax, pale yellowish-white ; metathorax
rugulose, truncate, and subexcavate behind. Apical margin of
all the abdominal segments, except the last, yellowish (that on
the basal segment confluent, with a lateral subtriangular spot;
that on the second sinuous anteriorly), and sub-basal, transverse

320 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PARY I.

spot on each side of second segment, pale yellowish-white; apical
margin of latter segment reflexed; the second segment beneath,
with a yellowish apical margin and the third with a lateral spot
of the same color. Legs ferruginous; coxe and part of tro-
chanters, black; tips of femora and base of tibie, yellowish.
Wings subbyaline, dusky along the costa, stigma and costal
nerve reddish-brown.

%. Clypeus, upper surface of mandibles, a line between
antennex, dilated and sub-bilobed above, and the anterior orbits,
almost filling up the emargination, but not extending above it,
yellowish-white ; the clypeus smooth and emarginate at tip; the
antenne black above, the scape yellowish-white beneath, the
flagellum fulvous beneath; the apical joint gradually thickened,
the eleventh joint emarginate beneath; the next suddenly
smaller, and the apical joint hooked and subacute; the lateral
spots on first and second segments of abdomen smaller and more
oblique; beneath, the third segment has an entire apical yellowish
margin.

Ress. a. diff.—This seems to be very closely allied to O.
anormis, from which it differs by its pale, whitish ornaments, and
the reflexed margin of 2d segment.

Hab. New Mexico. (Museum of the Am. Ent. Soe. of Phila-
delphia. )

I do not know this species, and I cannot be perfectly sure of
having assigned it the right position.

U21. O. collega Savss.—O. anormi affinissimus, at minor; differt
insuper metanoti foveola punctata, velutina; marginibus rotundatis ;
clypeo % latiore quam longiore, longe bidentato, dentibus spiniformibus,
distantibus. Niger; clypeo (% ), puncto frontali et post-oculari, orbitis
internis, scapo subtus, pionoti fascia minuta submarginali, post-scutello,
abdominis segmentorum 1i, 2! margine punctoque minuto utrinque
primi segmenti, flavis vel fulvis; mandibulis, tegulis pedibusque ferru-
gineis ; alis infumatis, violascentibus, 4%.

Odyn. collega Savss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 61, 21, %.

Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
Det
%. Quite approximating to O. oculatus. But the size is a
little larger; % as large as O. anormis 9; the punctuation is
stronger, as strong or stronger than in anormis 2, except on the
metathorax, which is less rugose, velutinous. The excavation

ODYNERUS. 321

of metathorax small, rounded, with edges quite rounded as in 0.
propinquus. The 2d segment is shorter, with its marginal zone
more coarsely punctured and the edge more reflexed.

The livery is the same, but the prothorax has a waved sub-
marginal yellow or fulvous fascia; no spot under the wing; tegule
ferruginous. Segments 1-2 margined with yellow; 3 and 4 very
obsoletely tipped with fulvous; the first sezement adorned with
two very small lateral fulvous spots; the 2d without such spots.
Feet ferruginous; at base black. Wings smoky, rather iridescent.

Clypeus (%) transverse, wider than long, yellow, terminated
by two long spines separated by a semicircular notch. Mandibles
ferruginous, partly yellow.

Var.? Two small spots on the 2d segment.

fess. a. diff.—It has the same form of abdomen as in O. Xan-
dianus, from which it differs by its 2d segment, more swelled,
bell-shaped, with a little reflexed edge. It is larger than 0.
pedestris, perennis, etc., and is especially distinguished by the
form of its clypeus, short and long-spined.

Hab. New England. Connecticut (HE. Norton).

Observation.—We are in possession of a % specimen nearly
identical with the described type, having the first two segments
adorned with very small lateral spots (probably liable to be
wanting), but the clypeus is triangular, more elongate, terminated
by two long spines separated by a narrower deep notch.—Is it
another species ? (New York).

**® Only the second abdominal segment adorned vith two yellow spots which are often
’ wanting, principally in the males.
Observation.—As in the preceding species, the spots of first segment are
often wanting, and one must compare also the species of Section *.

122. O. bacwemsis Sauss. (Fig. 28, 28a.)—Niger, crasse-punctatus,
flavo-multipictus; metanoto utringue haud angulato, foveola crasse
punctata, superne infra seutellum canthis angulatis acutis terminata;
20 abd. segmento tenuiter punctato ; clypeo, antennis basi, capitis macu-
lis, pronoto antice, tegulis, macula subalari, post-scutello, metanoti
lateribus, tegulis, pedibus, abdominis segmentorum I’, 2', 4', 5! margine
et ano, flavis; 20 segmento insuper utringue macula flava; alis subfer-
rugineis apice nebulosis.

Odyn. bacu. Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 185, 80 (1852).—O. bacuensis Sauss.
Ibid. Il], 232.—Cressox, Hymen. of Cuba, Proc. Ent. Soc., Philad.,
IV, 1865, 64.
Total length, 9 mm. ; wing, 6 iin.

21

322 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Slender. Head and thorax coarsely cribrose. Prothorax
slightly contracted and angulate. Post-scutel short, having no
ridge, but its posterior part receding backward making for it a
sort of hinder face. Metathorax a little produced backward
beneath the post-scutel and sharply truncate vertically. Its
hinder face excavated, coarsely cribrose; the concavity margined
superiorly by an angulated edge under the post-scutel; no lateral
angles. : |

First abdominal segment bell-shaped, anteriorly rounded-trun-
cate, quite coarsely punctured, anteriorly roughened, reticulate ;
second segment very little wider than the first, shallowly and
more finely punctured.

Black. Mandibles rufous. Antenne orange; the scape yellow
anteriorly, extremity of flagellum black. Clypeus, a triangle on
the forehead, inner orbits of the eyes, and a macula behind them,
yellow. ;

Antenne yellow at base (probably black at tip?). Anterior
part of metathorax yellow. First segment of the abdomen yellow
above, with a tridentate black emargination. Second segment
broadly margined with yellow and adorned with two free yellow
spots. Segments 4, 5 above with an incomplete yellow fascia.
Anus yellow. Feet yellow, or partly ferruginous, coxe black or
spotted with ferruginous. Wings washed with ferruginous; the
apex cloudy; the radial cell with a brown cloud.

2. Clypeus pyriform, its apex slightly truncate, excavated.

%. Clypeus slightly bidentate, yellow; mandibles yellow.

Ress. a. diff—This much ornamented species is characterized
by the peculiar form of its metathvrax; its livery recalls various
species of the Antilles: such as O. spectabilis, which is distinct
by its strongly angulated metathorax; Ancistrocerus Poeyi and
obliquus, both distinguished by the abdominal suture; O. cubensis,
distinct by its conical abdomen, not slender cylindrical-ovate as
in O. bacuensis, and by its metathorax truncate on the same plane
with the post-scutel, ete.

Hab. Cuba. 1 2 sent to me by Dr. Gundlach.

123. O. pedestris Sauss. (Fig. 22, 22a.)—O. conformi simillimns, at
primo abdominis segmento minore, utrinque immaculato.

ODYNERUS. 323

Odyn. fuscipes! Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 143, 28 (1852).

Odyn. pedestris Sauss, Ibid. Il, 143, 28, 4 (1854).

Odyn. proximus Sauss. Revue de Zool., 1X, 1857, 274.
@. Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.
%,. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7 mm.

?. Form as in O. conformis, or a little less elongate, but
rather more Jengthened than in O. vagus. Clypeus ecribrose with
large punctures. JHead circular, strongly punctured, as is also the
thorax; metathorax not so roughly punctured, velutinous; its
concavity superiorly margined with rugosities. First abdominal
segment strongly punctured, slightly elongate, becoming more
rugose anteriorly. Second segment not as strongly punctured,
elongate, constricted at base; its margin coarsely punctured, a
little canaliculate.

Black, shining ; scape beneath, a spot on the mandibles, a
frontal dot, two spots or an arcuate line on the summit of the
clypeus, a post-ocular spot and a spot in the sinus of the eyes, an
interrupted band or two maculz on the prothorax, a spot under
the wing, another before the scutel, post-scutel, and inferior edges
of metathorax, yellow. Tegule ferruginous, spotted with yellow.
Abdominal segments 1-4 regularly margined with yellow; the 2d
adorned with two separate yellow spots near the base. Knees,
tibie, and tarsi, yellow. |

Var. a. No yellow spots on the disk of mesothorax.

b. Only the segments 1-2 margined with yellow; metathorax
immaculate.

c. Segments 3-4 partly margined with yellow.

d. Metathorax more rounded.

e. Two very small free spots on the 1st sezment.

%. Clypeus polygonal, a little bidentate, as broad as long,
yellow; inner orbits yellow. Hook of antennex black. Disk of
mesothorax and metathorax generally quite black. Margin of
2d seement often more reflexed.

Var. The tip of clypeus black ; spots of the 2d segment very
small, - |

Ress. a, diff—This may be a mere variety of O. con formis?.
The same size, same punctures, same livery, except the two
oblique yellow lines of the first segment, which are wanting

' This name had been previously employed by Herrich-Schaeffer

~

394 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART @

Still I find a difference. Ist, in the form of the head, not so
circular, a little broader, giving it another appearance; 2d, in the
Ist abd. segment, evidently smaller, not so broad at its base,
but a little more funnel-shaped, a little depressed, a little longer,
not quite as sessile. This becomes very evident when the abdo-
men is bent downwards.’ It is also not quite as wide as the 2d
segment; this being longer than in conformis and a little con-
stricted at base, to fit into the lst segment.

These characters of the abdomen seem to me to indicate a
species different from O. conformis, but which can only be dis-
tinguished by a very experienced eye.—I can only compare the
females, the male of O. conformis being unknown to me. Com-
pare O. Pennsylvanicus. !

Hab. The United States. New York, 2 9,3 %, taken by me.
Connecticut, 9 2, 6 & (EH. Norton).

124. ©. Xamthiamus Savuss. 9.—Niger, clypeo punctato, thorace
levi, impunctato; metanoto solo rugoso; post-scutello transverse obtuse
cristato; metathoracis foveola superne subacute marginata; abdomine
punctato; secundi segmenti linea marginali crasse punctata; tertio in
medio perrugose punctato; reliquis tenuiter punctatis; secapo antice,
puncto mandibularum, frontali, oculari et post-oculari, fasciaque arcuata
in summo elypeo, maculis 2 obliquis pronoti, macula subalari, post-
scutello, fasciis 2 metanoti, abdominis vittis 2, maculisqne 2 parvulis
lateralibus segimentorum 1', 2‘, flavis; pedibus rufis, luteo-maculatis,
basi nigris; tegulis rufis, flavo-maculatis.

Odyn. Xantianus Savss. Revue de Zool. XXII, 1870, 103, 22, 9.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm.

©. Size, form, livery nearly as in O. anormis, but differing
from it by the following characters. Clypeus a little more
coarsely punctured and more truncate. Thorax smooth, not
sensibly punctured, except on the upper face of metathorax.
Seutel parted by a groove. Post-scutel elevated into a sort of
blunt crest, flattened behind (seen from behind the edge is arcuate
or rather trapezoidal, nearly bi-mamillated). Metathorax having
its superior face a little prolonged behind the post-seutel, includ-
ing it on both sides; widely truncate; its hinder face or excava-

1 This position is a quite indispensable condition for the good study of
Odynerus, and should be given to all the specimens.

ODYNERUS. 320

tion smooth or a little punctured, superiorly margined by (almost)
an edge, making an M or W reversed.

Abdomen having its first segment more rounded, narrower
and a little longer; the second short and more strangulated at
base, to fit into the first, its hinder margin with a more simple
line of punctures; the 2d segment as coarsely cribrose in the
middle as the edge of the 2d, but only in the middle.

The arcuate yellow fascia of clypeus wider; the macule of
prothorax more approximate; tegule ferruginous, with two yel-
low spots; lateral spots of the Ist segment quite small or wanting;
knees, tibiz, and tarsi ferruginous, spotted with yellow. Segments
3, 4 very narrowly margined, the 5th black. Wings cloudy.

fiess. a. diff.—This species is easy to distinguish by its not
punctured thorax, and elevated post-scutel.

Hab. Lower California. Cape St. Lucas (T. Xantus).

125. O. Kennicotiamus Savss.—Niger, nitidus, punctatus, O. Penn-
sylvanico affinis, at brevior; dense punctatus, metanoto et abd. primo
Ssegmento grosse punctatis; corpore albido-variegato; macula mandi-
bularum, clypei, frontis et oculorum, linea in scapo, maculis 2 prouoti,
2 metanoti, 2 subalaribus, post-scutello, tegulis abdominisque segmen-
torum limbo, secundi puncto utrinque tibiisque, albidis 9.

Odyn. Kennicotianus Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 104, 23.

Total length, 8 mm.; wing, 6 mm.

A species allied to O. pedestris. <A little smaller; forms the
same; the prothorax also finely angulate, but the thorax shorter;
the metathorax a little less retracted and more open, that is, its
concavity is a little wider... Abdomen less lengthened, first seg-
ment shorter, cupuliform, the 2d as wide as long, a little more
densely and finely punctured. The metathorax and the first
segment shorter, cribrose with large punctures, almost as in the
O. perennis. Scutel divided by a longitudinal groove.

. Clypeus black. A spot at summit of mandibles, three dots
or an arcuate line on summit of clypeus, a spot on the front,
another in the sinus of the eyes and one behind their summit, a
line on the scape of the antenna, two spots on prothorax, one
under the wing, post-scutel, tegule, and two spots on the summit
of metathorax, whitish; all the segment of the abdomen adorned
with a white border, wide and regular; the 2d ornamented with

326 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

two dots of this color on its sides. Tibiz whitish, spotted with
black behind. Wings transparent, nervures brown.

Var. No lateral spots on the 2d segment.

fiess. a. diff.—TVhis Odynerus differs from O. pedestris and
Pennsylvanicus, by the coarse punctuation of first segment, ete. ;

from the O. perennis, by its thorax, shorter, less strongly pune-.

tured than the first segment, by its less elevated head, its less
prolonged form, etc.; from the O. texensis, by its less angulate
and less rugose metathorax ; by its first segment more coarsely
and more equally punctured throughout; by the 2d less strongly
punctured, especially along its posterior border, etec.—From all
by its whitish, not yellow ornaments.

Hab. United States. One ¢ taken in Illinois by Mr. Robert
Kennicott. i

/ 4126. OG propinguus Savss.—Gracilior, ubique dense punctatus,
fulvo-velutinus, aurantio vel rufo variegatus ; pronoto antice et postice
rufo-limbato; macula subalari, tegulis, post-scutello, metanoti canthis,
segmentorum limbo, macula utrinque in secundo segmento pedibusque
rufis 2.

Odyn. propinquus Sauss. Revue de Zoolog. XXII, 1870, 104, 24, 9.

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

2. Very similar to O. oculatus. Clypeus not so produced,
more truncate, very coarsely punctured, very obsoletely bicari-
nate below and biangulate at tip. Aa impressed point on the
vertex. Thorax a little narrower. Cavity of the metathorax
rounded, smaller, punctured; its margins quite rounded. Abdo-
men more cylindrical, the 2d segment not much wider than the
first, as in O. vagus. The whole insect densely and almost
equally punctured ; the second abdominal segment as strongly
punctured as the Ist, and like the thorax, but its hinder margin
and the 3d more coarsely punctured ; the base of the 2d above
subtuberculate.

Black, grayish-velutinous, with a rather fulvous, hairy clothing;
head and metathorax with a grayish reflection. A spot on
mandibles, a fascia on the top of the clypeus, a frontal spot, a
dot on the sinus of the eye, and a post-ocular spot, orange or
pale; antenne black, joints 1-2 rufous, a little obscure above.
Both edges of prothorax, the anterior with a wide bilobed inter-
rupted fascia, the posterior with a narrow line, a spot under the

ODYNERUS. 327

wing, post-scutel, ridges of metathorax, tegula, the margin of all
the abdominal segments, and two free spots on the 2d segment,
orange or brick-red; feet ferruginous ; coxe maculate with fer-
ruginous. Wings a little smoky. The rufous margin of the
second segment is wide and regular; that of the first fused on
each side with a little spot; the fascia of the last segments some-
times pale or yellow.

fess. a. diff.—This species is noticeable for its velutinous
body and rufous ornaments; by its 2d segment as strongly punc-
tured as the Ist, and the thorax, with its margin not channelled,
scarcely reflexed at all, which distinguishes it from O. collega.
It differs from O. Xantianus, by its more cylindrical abdomen,
its 2d segment not short, and post-scutel not elevated.

Hiab. Mexico. I caught this species in the ‘“‘tierras templadas,”
South of Mexico.

*k* No free yellow spots on the first two abdominal segments.
Observation.—Compare also the Sections * and **, for the varieties
destitute of spots which the reader may be inclined to confound with the
species of this group.—Comp. principally O. collega, O. Kennicottianus,
toltecus.

12%. O Pennsylwanicus Savuss.—O. pedestri affinissimus, gracil-
limus ; niger, punctatus ; fascia scapi, pronoti et abdominis segmentorum
li, 2', 4i margine, post-scutello maculaque subalari, tibiis tarsisque
flavis; tegulis rufis.— 2. Clypeo bidentato flavo.

Odyn. Pennsylvanicus Sauss. Et. Vespid., III, 257, 134 (1854).

—

©. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
*,. Total length, 8mm.; wing, 6 mm.

Quite approximating to O. pedesiris. The size a little smaller;
but the same form, only more slender. Head orbicular. The
punctures about the same, but the clypeus more finely pune-
tured. The concavity of metathorax not margined superiorly by
wrinkled rugosities; its summit sooner occupied by reticulate
large punctures. The abdomen very slender, cylindrical; the
Ist segment having the same form as in O. proximus, rather
small, elongate, a little depressed, having often merely a vestige
of a suture. The margin of the 2d coarsely punctured, but only
narrowly suleate, or not at all channelled, only slightly depressed.

2. Black. Clypeus quite black. A spot on the mandibles,
labrum, a line on the scape of the antenna, a spot in the sinus of

328 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. | PART I.

=

the eye, a post-ocular dot, an interrupted fascia on the prothorax,
a spot under the wing, post-scutel and margin of segments 1, 2,
4, tarsi, and tibie, yellow. Tegule ferruginous; wings subhya-
line; nerves brown ferruginous ; the radial cell smoky.

%. Antenne ferruginous beneath; clypeus punctured, poly-
gonal, shortly bidentate, yellow.

Var. a. The yellow margin of the 4th segment incomplete.

b. Segments 5, 6 margined with yellow.

c. The 3d obsoletely margined.

d. Only two yellow dots on prothorax.

e. Wing scales % black.

j. Anterior tibiz maculate with black.

g. Ornaments % luteous.

h. Clypeus % black on its inferior part. Flagellum of the
antenne % quite black. (Louisiana. )

Ress. a. diff.—May be a variety of O. pedestris ?.

Hab. United States. New York, Illinois, Wisconsin, Louisiana.

l Mpa teia/ sabes 128. O. peremmis Saoss. (Fig. 25.)—Sat minutus, niger, elongatus,
Pabag cn Meth: Pechow gracilis, crassissime punctatus, secundo segmento angusto, elongato ;
o 140) heels corpore flavo-variegato ; capite paene altiore quam latiore; metanoto et
eda -aep abdominis primo segmento grosse foraminato-punctatis; abdominis

fanare. E geie
segmentis 19, 2° late flavo-marginatis.

Odyn. perennis Sauss. Revue Zool., 1X, 1867, p. 277.

Total length, 9 mm.; wings, 7 mm.

Form almost precisely as in O. pedestris, but the body more
coarsely punctured. |

?. Head a little higher than broad, not so densely, but more
coarsely punctured. Punctures of clypeus larger. Those of
thorax very coarse. Those of metathorax and the first abdominal
segment still larger, very rough. Those of the top of metathorax
somewhat reticular. First abd. segment not quite as wide as
the 2d, rather depressed above. Second segment yet strongly
punctured, but much less than the lst segment; its margin more
coarsely, but not so strongly punctured as the Ist segment, not
canaliculate; its base rather constricted, making it seem almost
tuberculate.

Black. A spot on mandibles, the top of clypeus, scape
beneath, a frontal spot, a spot in the sinus of the eyes and a
post-ocular dot, a wide marginal band on prothorax and on the

ODYNERUS. 329

first two segments of the abdomen, post-scutel, a spot under the
wing, knees, tibiee, and tarsi, bright yellow (or rather orange).
Wings a little smoky ; tegule and their appendix yellow.

Var. Wing scale rufous.—Apex of clypeus ferruginous.

%. A little smaller. Head as wide as high. Clypeus poly-
gonal, longer than wide, bidentate, yellow; mandibles almost
yellow. Antenne ferruginous beneath; hook black. Interme-
diate cox yellow before; posterior coxe margined with yellow
on the inner border.

Ress. a. diff.—VDiffers from O. pedestris by its wide yellow
bands and by the absence of free yellow spots on the 2d segments ;
by its more rugose metathorax aud 1st abd. segment.

Compare also O. ltexensis and Kennicottianus.

Hab. North America. Tennessee §, New York %.

129. ©. TWexemsis Savss.—Sat minutus, gracilis, niger, grosse punc-
tatus; metanoto subangulato, rugosissimo, puncto frontali et oculari,
pronoti margine, post-scutello, macula subalari et preescutellari, tegulis,
abdominis segmentorum 1, 2, 4, 5 limbo, tibiis tarsisque, flavis ; abdo-
minis primo segmento basin versus rugoso; secundo sat brevi. 4%.

Odyn. Texensis Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 104, 25, 4.

Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.

%. Quite approximate to O. Pennsylvanicus. Same size, but
not quite so slender; the thorax a little shorter, but little
attenuated posteriorly, more coarsely punctured. The form
almost exactly as in O. perennis, but the lateral edges making
nearly two blunt angles; the excavation rugose. Abdomen as
in perennis, but more densely and not so coarsely punctured ; the
2d segment shorter, not so constricted at base; its base flat
above, not subtuberculate; its margin coarsely punctured, slightly
margined, not canaliculate.

Black. A frontal spot, a spot in the sinus of the eyes, a post-
ocular line, a bilobed fascia on the margin of prothorax, tegule,
a spot under the wing, post-scutel, a spot on the disk of meso-
thorax, yellow. Abdominal segments all margined with yellow
except the 8d. Knees, tibie, and tarsi yellow. Wings a little
smoky.

%. Antenne fuscous beneath; the scape with a yellow line.
Clypeus yellow; its teeth spiniform; mandibles, inner margin of
the orbit, and of the posterior coxe, yellow or luteous.

330 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART He

hess. a. diff—This species resembles by its livery O. Pennsyl-
vanicus, but it differs by its stronger punctures, its thorax and
abdomen shorter; the former being more square behind. It is
in the nearest relationship with O. perennis.. It recalls also
Ancistrocerus Sumichrasti.

Hab... Texas;4d 3.

130. ©. fasciculatus Savss.—Niger, gracilis, cylindricus, ubique
dense punctatus ; prothorace biangulato; metathorace transverse depres-
So-compresso, Superne rugoso; canthis lateralibus acutis, lamellaribus ;
foveola rhomboidali; primo abdominis segmento secundo latitudine
equali; capitis maculis, scapo subtus, pronoti margine antico, tegulis,
post-scutelli fascia, metathoracis cauthis inferis, abd. Ssegmentorum -

10-49 margine, tibiis, tarsisque, flavis. Fine Clypeo fascia arcuata et
maculis 2 apicis, fiavis.

Odyn. fasciculatus Sauss. Revue de Zoolog. XXII, 1870, 104, 26, 9.

Total length, 10.5 mm.; wing, 8 mm,

?. Form slender and cylindrical. Head as high as wide;
vertex with an angulate groove. Thorax elongate, convex, and
cylindrical. Prothorax wide, its angles finely dentiform. Meta-
thorax rather compressed transversely, somewhat lamellate on
the sides, oblique and posteriorly produced. Its concavity not
vertical, but oblique, wider than long, having somewhat of a
lozenge form, scarcely strigose; not margined, limited superiorly
by the rugosities of the upper face; its inferior edges compressed,
continued with the lateral edges. Abdomen cylindric-depressed,
the Ist segment as wide as the second; anteriorly truncate-
rounded, the 2d elongate. Head, thorax, and abdomen densely
punctured; the metathorax more rugose than the rest; the Ist
segment a little more strongly punctured than the mesothorax ;
the 2d segment having its margin widely and very slightly cana-
liculate, and a little more coarsely punctured than the rest of the
segment.

Black. A line on the mandibles and on the scape of the
antenne, a double frontal spot, a dot between the eyes and the
antenne, a post-ocular spot, a double spot occupying the anterior
margin of prothorax, a little dot under the wing, tegule, a line
on post-scutel, and inferior ridges of metathorax, golden-yellow ;
abd. segments 1-4 adorned with a yellow marginal band; the
first two bands rather wide and regular, but having the anterior
side rather lacerated; the 3d not so wide; the 4th narrower,

' ODYNERUS. 33

incomplete. Feet black. Knees, tibie, and tarsi yellow. Wings
subhyaline, nerves fusco-ferruginous.

2. Clypeus broadly pyriform, black, with a superior fascia or
two spots near the apex, yellow; the apex truncate, subdeutate.
Var. Clypeus yellow, with a black spot.

Ress. a. diff.—This species is particularly distinguished by the
form of its metathorax, which recalls O. conformis, the thorax
being elongate, convex-cylindric, the prothorax not contracted
anteriorly. The abdomen has the first segment shorter, not as
long as wide above, more as in O. conformis. It has some
similarity to O. perennis, but it is larger; the Ist segment is as.
wide as the 2d, the body not so coarsely punctured, etc.

ffab. Cuba, &.

131k. @. figulus Savss.—Niger, nitidus, gracillimus, pronoto suban-
gulato; abd. 1° segmento antice truncato, supra rugoso; capite, thorace
et pedibus, luteo-signatis; pronoti et post-scutelli margine antico linea
lutea; abdominis segmentis 1i‘-2' margine luteo; alis hyalinis, in costa
subinfuscatis. Q.
Odyn. figulus Sauss. Et. Vespid., III, 247, 120 (1854).!

Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

An insect having a slender, cylindrical, lengthened form.

2. The clypeus is rugulose, pyriform, and seems to terminate
in two sharp little teeth ; but these are only marked out by a
fossette on the border. The thorax is wide before, its anterior
margin is straight bordered, and the angles are distinct; before
these angles the prothorax is slightly retracted. The scutel is
notched on each side by a fossette. The metathorax has its
lateral ridges horizontal; it forms on each side an angle blunted
by the meeting of long inferior ridges; the posterior plate is
triangular, occupied entirely by the concavity, which is bordered
on each side by the infertor ridges, while posteriorly they lose
themselves in the rugosities of the summit. The abdomen is
slender and shining; the first segment is truncated anteriorly,
following a ridge quite distinctly; its superior face is very
coarsely punctured before and behind, always rather less toward

' It is probably in consequence of a transposition, that this species is
found placed |. ¢c. in the division Purodynerus, Iam not wholly sure of
the place it should occupy, not having the type before me.

332 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

the posterior border. The border of 2d and following segments
offers a very much weaker punctuation. The lead and thorax
are densely, but quite finely punctured. The abdomen does not
offer any swelling at the base of 2d segment beneath.

Black; a dot on the mandibles, a frontal and post-ocular dot,
scape beneath, anterior margin of prothorax, a spot under the
wing; two dots on tegulx, post-scutel, a line on each side of
metathorax below, and the margin of segments 1, 2, luteous;
tibia with a yellow line; femora 1, 2, spotted with yellow at
the apex. Wings dusky, margined with gray.

Hab. Guadaloupe. Collection of the Marquis of Spinola.

2. Form less cylindrical, not much elongated, the thorax more
crowded together, often short and wide anteriorly, con-
tracted posteriorly. Metathorax more convex, rounded ;
its fossette generally small, but always distinct. Abdomen
ovoid or irregular, the first segment narrower than the
second, having no longer the shape of an elongate-bell,
widened anteriorly, which receives the second segment, but
és not truncate anteriorly, not having an anterior and a
superior face, but the two faces lost in a continued curva-
ture; this segment not as sessile; second segment more
swelled than in the preceding, short and convex, contracted
at base to fit into the first

Insects in general strongly punctured; often velutinous.
(Group of O. Huastecus, otomitus, etc.)

The type of this group is not easily defined, because each
species unites only a part of the characters above indicated, the
group being composed of an agglomeration of very divergent
species Among the Stenancistrocerus this type is reproduced®
by a A. Sumichrasti, Guzmani, ete.

All the species are of small size; they seem to be very numerous
in the southern part of the northern continent.

It becomes more difficult to distinguish the numerous little
wasps, because the species are quite approximate to each other,
and the character of their punctures and forms varies between
certain limits, so that one can only feel sure about them, by

9
3D

co

ODYNERUS.

comparing numerous specimens. It seems nearly impossible to
determine single specimens upon simple descriptions.

The details of form and livery upon which I have endeavored
to build the subdivisions of the arrangement of the species, are
of a very doubtful profit, because of the difficulty of defining
them clearly, so that they must not be absolutely relied upon.

A. Form rather stouter, abdomen rather wide in the middle, but
yet attenuated before. The fossette of the posterior face of
metathorax rounded, always distinct. (KFossette of meta-
thorax sometimes margined superiorly. )

a. Thorax but slightly adorned with yellow; (sometimes quite black, with a
yellow spot under the wing) ; post-sculel quite black or adorned with two
yellow dots.!

132. 0. Nortomiamus Savss.—Niger; clypeo antice anguste pro-
ducto, subbidentato; metanoto rngoso, foveola striata, marginibus
punctatis, obtusis; abdomine ovato, primo segmento valde punctato,
cupuliformi, basi subtruncato, sessili, secundo magis tenuiter punctato;
puncto mandibulari, frontali, post-oculari, lineola in oculorum sinu,
macula subalari, punctis 2 post-scutelli et abdominis, segmentorum li,
2i margine tenuiter, flavis; 20 segmento utringue flavo-punctato et
partim flavo-marginato; genibus et tarsis ferrugineis; tibiis anticis
flavis. 9.

Var. a. Thorace omnino nigro, macula flava subalari.—d. Secundo abd.
segmento haud flavo-marginato.

Odyn. Nortonianus Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 105, 28, 9°.

Total length, 9 mm.; wings, 7 mm.

2. Rather small. Clypeus somewhat triangular, rather narrowly
produced and subbidentate. Prothorax somewhat angulated.
Post-scutel short, forming on its anterior (or superior) part a
rounded transverse carina, with a little insensible medial tubercle;
its hinder face slightly convex. Metathorax rugose, punctured,
quite rounded, its concavity strigose, not marginate. Head and
thorax not very coarsely cribrose. Abdomen cylindrical, ovoid;
the first segment short, truncate, and rounded anteriorly, as
eribrose as the thorax, the 2d slightly constricted at base, more
finely punctured, becoming more coarsely punctured on its hinder
part.

' Comp. also A. Peyroti, var.

304 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I,

Black, shining. A little mark at base of mandibles, and of the
scape, a frontal spot, a little line in the sinus of the eyes, a post-
ocular dot, a spot under the wing, and a narrow marginal line
on the first abd. segment, yellow; knees and tarsi ferruginous ;
anterior tibiz yellow, especially anteriorly. Wings transparent.

Var. a. Black. A spot on the mandibles, scape beneath, frontal
and post-ocular spot, a little line in the sinus of the eyes, and
one on the summit of the clypeus, yellow; the two spots of pro-
thorax quite narrow; a spot under the wing, only two quite
small dots on the post-scutel, a narrow margin on the segments
1, 2 of the abdomen, and two free spots on the 2d segment, yel-
low. Feet black; knees yellow; tarsi ferruginous; anterior and
intermediate tibie anteriorly yellow.

6. The margin of the 2d segment with only a small lateral yel-
low mark.

Ress. a. diff.—This Odynerus is well characterized by its quite
exceptional livery, the thorax being quite black, with a yellow
spot under the wing. It slightly recalls the description of O.
Tisiphone, but the post-scute] is not yellow, and the metathorax
not ridged on its margin. ce

Hab. New England, Connecticut. Taken by EH. Norton.

b. Anterior margin of prothorax adorned with yellow, but not the posterior
margin; the yellow fascia often bilobed or interrupted. Fossette ef meta-
thorax large, rather triangular, occupying nearly the whole width of the
metathorax.

* Sometimes there are two little free spots on the 2d abduminal segments. (These very
small spots are very often warting, and do not constitute serious characters.)

- 1338. O. Victorize Savuss.—Niger, tenuiter dense punctatus; metanoti
foveola parum excavata, marginibus inferis subacutis; corpore sericeo-
sublanoso; puncto mandibularum, puncto frontali, oculari et post-
oculari, scapo subtus, pronoti margine antico, macula subalari, post-
scutello, metanoti canthis, abdominis segmentorum marginibus, tibiis
et tarsis, flavis; tegulis rufis.—Variat. puncto mesonoti et puncto utrin-
que 2i segmenti, flavis.

Q. Clypeo crassins strigato-punctato in summo, fascia arenata flava.—
%. Clypeo flavo, hidentato; striga mandibulorum et orbitis internis,
flavis ; metanoto sepius immaculato.

Odyn. Victoria Sauss. Revue de Zoolog., IX, 1857, 279, 9.

Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

ODYNERUS. 335

®. Form and size as in O. anormis, clypeus coarsely strigate-
punctate. An impressed point behind the ocelli. Thorax shorter.
Metathorax rather flattened behind ; its concavity not distinctly
strigate; the lateral and inferior edges sharp. ‘The first segment
of abdomen not so sessile, nor so short, more rounded, funnel-
shaped or cup-shaped; the second constricted at base, to fit into
the first. The whole insect finely punctured, more finely and
more densely than in O. anormis; the 2d and 3d segment more
strongly so than the first; the margin of second more coarsely
cribrose; its edge smooth, very slightly reflexed.

Black, silky, rather woolly. Ornaments of the body yellow,
just the same as in O. anormis; but the lateral spots of the first
two segments are quite small or wanting, and the marginai fascia
of prothorax complete. Tegule rufous. Wings cloudy, prin-
cipally in the radial cell.

Var. a. Extremity of clypeus with two yellow marks; 5th abd.
segment not margined.

b. Ornaments and feet, except at base, ferruginous.

¢. No yellow spots on the 2d segment.

%. Clypeus yellow, bidentate; a line on the mandibles and
inner orbits yellow. No spots on the 2d segment.

Var. Metathorax quite black.

Ress. a. diff.—A very difficult species. Most resembles OQ.
Mayus; differs from it by its more triangular posterior face of
metathorax, somewhat larger size, antennz not fulvous beneath,
etc.—(Nevertheless it may be a variety of O. mayus.)

From 0. anormis it differs by its velutinous body and its less
cylindric thorax, wider anteriorly.

Hab. Mexico. I caught 2 2 in the mountains of Angangueo
(Michoacan); % 2 near Cuernavaca; 9 in the barranca of Mex-
titlan; 4%, 4 % from Orizaba (Sumichrast).

** No lateral yellow spot on the abdomen.)

t Excavation of metathorax rather large.

AS4. O. Imca Savss.—Parvulus; niger, ubique equaliter punctatus,
metathorace rite foveolato, foveola punctata; capitis punctis, pronoti
margine antico, macula subalari, tegulis, post-seutello abdominisque

1 Compare also O. Victorie, which is very often destitute of lateral yel-
low spots on the 2d segment of the abdomen.

336 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

segmentorum limbo, pallide-flavis; pedibus nigris, genibus, tibiis
antice tarsisque subtus luteis.—%. Clypeo emargiuato, flavo; antennis
subtus fulvis; scapi fascia flava; alis infumatis.

Odyn. Inca Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 105, 29, 9%.

Total length, 7 mm.; wing, 5.5 mnx

9. Small. Thorax convex, narrowed posteriorly, margined
and angulate anteriorly. The whole insect densely and about
equally punctured, the abdomen as well as the thorax. Meta-
thorax velutinous, truncate a little behind the post-scutel, having
a rather wide cavity, which is punctate, rather margined; the
lateral ridges salient, forming nearly a blunt angle on each side.
First abd. segment small, cup-shaped, slightly depressed above,
its punctures not stronger than on the 2d; this is constricted at
base, subtuberculate at base above, quite cribrose; the punctures
a little stronger behind than anteriorly.

Black, grayish-silky. A frontal and post-ocular spot, anterior
margin of prothorax, a spot under the wing, tegule, a fascia on
the post-scutel, and the margin of all the abdominal segments
pale-sulphur yellow ; the fasciz of the segments 1-2 the widest.
Anus black. Feet black; tibiz, knees, 1, 2, and tarsi, pale yel-
low; tibie black behind; tarsi obscure above. Wings smoky.

%. Clypeus polygonal-pyriform, notched and bidentate, pale
yellow. Mandibles black. A little carina between the antenne.
Sinus of the eyes margined with yellow. Antenne fulvous
beneath; the scape yellow beneath; the hook fulvous.

Ress. a. diff—This approaches the O. Kennicottianus, by its
form and its pale ornaments, although not as pale; but the scutel
is not parted by a groove, the metathorax not so rough; the first
segment is smaller, not so coarsely punctured, and the 2d is as
coarsely cribrose as the first.

Hab. Peru (E. Norton. Taken by H. Edwards).

++ Excavation of metathorax smaller and rounded,

135. O. Mystecus Sarss.—Niger, flavo-pictus ; clypeo, thorace et 1°
abd. segmento crasse cribrato-punctatis; secundo segmento polito,
sparse et magis tenuiter punctato, margine impresso et crasse punctato;
capitis maculis, pronoti maculis 2, post-scutello abdominisque segmen-
torum 1i-3i margine, flavis; primi fascia latiore utrinque aucta, 2° subre-
panda, 3° tenuissima, % incompleta; pedibus nigris artubus subferru-

ODYNERUS, 33’
gineis ; clypeo %, flavo, apice nigro, bispinoso ; alis subhyalinis, tegulis
nigris flavo-bimaculatis.

Odyn. Mystecus Sauss. Revue de Zool., 1X, 1857, 279.

Total length, 8 mm.; wing, 6 mm.

2. Clypeus pyriform, very coarsely punctured, nearly reticu-
lately rugose, prolonged into a sort of beak, subemarginate at
tip. Head, thorax, and first abdominal segment densely and
strongly punctured. Edge of prothorax finely ruptured, its
angles subdentiform. Metathorax vertical, convex, very rugose,
rather velutinous; its concavity very small; the rough superior
faces prolonging themselves on the posterior side, leaving but little
place for the concavity; the lateral edges sharp and hairy.
Abdomen rather short; the first segment rounded, not short, bell-
shaped, strongly cribrose, rugose at base; 2d segment somewhat
in the form of a hawk’s bell, rather short, polished, and more finely
punctured; its base a little constricted, although the Ist segment
is but little narrower than the 2d; its margin having an impressed
zone of coarse punctures; this zone having anteriorly an undu-
late form; 3d segment densely punctured.

Black, shining, not velutinous like O. Huastecus, Mayus, and
other Mexican species, but garnished with a sericeous gray pile,
rather argenteous on head and metathorax. Mandibles brown
or rufous; there are often two yellow spots on the top of clypeus;
a frontal spot, a spot in the sinus of the eyes, and a post-ocular
line, yellow. Antenne black; the scape below yellow. Two
spots in the middle of prothorax, touching its posterior edge, a
quite small spot under the wing (or none), post-scutel and ridges
of metathorax, yellow; tegule brown, margined with ferruginous,
maculate with yellow; the margin of the first the widest, fused
on the side with a lateral spot, making it emarginate on each
side; the yellow fascia of the second segment having two wide
notches, or rather undulate, complete beneath; the 8d margin
quite narrow. Feet black; knees and tarsi beneath rather ferru-
ginous. Wings subhyaline, not ferruginous-brown.

%. Hook of the antenne ferruginous. Clypeus squarely poly-
gonal, longer than wide, produced inferiorly triangularly, and
terminated by two separating teeth or spines; its surface quite
coarsely punctured, yellow, with its extremity black.

The spots of the head larger, the sinus of the eyes quite yellow.

22

338 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

The anterior edge of prothorax with a nearly complete submar-
ginal yellow band; no spot under the wing; the yellow band
of the 3d segment incomplete. The cavity of metathorax Meee,
more limited superiorly.

Var. %. Clypeus with its lower half black; metathoeae black.
Ornaments of the head pale.

Var. 2 %. Flagellum slightly ferruginous penpals Tegule
blackish; border of 3d segment wanting, or incomplete or com-
plete.

Ress. a. diff—A small species, rather distinct by the very
coarse punctures of the clypeus, the coloration of the male, the
colors of abdomen and coarse punctures of the first segment, and
its clothing more sericeous than velutinous. The coarse rugosi-
ties of metathorax must not cause it to be confused with 0.
otonuitus; this is a velutinous insect not as small, with a different
livery and more angulate metathorax.

Hab. Mexico. I caught 2 9, 3 $ near Cuautla, in the hot
part of the province of Mexico, and 1 % in the Mechoacan.

136. ©. Catepetiemsis Sauss.—Minntus, niger, capite elevato; an-
tennis inferius insertis; metathorace foveolato; mandibulis apice
rufis ; clypei apice, puncto frontali et post-oculari, maculis 2 pronoti,
tegulis, puncto subalari post-scutelloque, flavis; abdomine valde pune-
tato, segmentis 1°, 20 flavo-limbatis ; pedibus fulvis, basi nigris. Alis
subhyalinis in costa fusco-ferrnginescentibus.—Long. 9 mm.—Q. An-
tennis nigris.— 4%. Clypeo paulum bidentato, flavo; mandibulis antice
et scapo subtus flavis; flagello subtus ferrugineo.— Variat. signaturis
luteis.

Odyn. Catepetlensis Sauss. Et. Vesp. III, 255, 132.

I did not find this species in Mexico, and have not seen it again
since I described it. The type in Spinola’s collection has been
destroyed. It seems to approach closely to 0. mystecus.

Hab. Mexico.

137. ©. mayus Savss.—Niger, cinereo-sericeus, flavo-multipictus ;
pronoto antice, post-scutelli fascia, abdominisque segmentorum margi-
nibus, ochraceo-flavis ; tibiis antice flavis; tegulis ferrugineis.— 9.
Clypeo truncato, superne macula fulva.—‘%. Clypeo bidentato, vel sub-
bidentato, flavo; antennarum flagello subtus fulvo; pedibus partim
flavis.

Odyn. Maya Sauss. Revue de Zool. IX, 1857, 279.

?. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 6.8 mm.
*%,. Total length, 8 mm.; wing, 6 mm.

sew

ODYNERUS. 339

2. Clypeus rather bicarinate, polished, cribrose, truncate at
tip. On the vertex a small impression. Prothorax squarely
cut, its angles not promineut. Metathorax rounded, punctured
a little Jess than thorax; its cavity small, rounded, punctured.
The lateral ridges argenteous. Abdomen ovate; nearly as
strongly punctured as the thorax; the first segment cup-shaped,
a little margined; the second rather wide, its margin having a
wide zone of more coarse punctures; not channelled, its extreme
edge very finely margined; the 3d and 4th rather strongly pune-
tured.

Black, silky, with the metathorax argenteous. A spot on
mandibles, a transverse spot on the summit of the clypeus, frontal,
ocular and post-ocular dot, and scape beneath, yellow. Anterior
margin of prothorax adorned with a moderately wide yellow
fascia, Sometimes narrowed on the sides, bilobate in the middle.
A yellow fascia on post-scutel; wing scales ferruginous, margined
with yellow. All the segments of the abdomen regularly margined
with yellow (rather ochraceus); the first rather narrowly, the
second very widely; anus yellow at the extremity. Feet, black;
wings subhyaline, nerves subferruginoas, the apex somewhat
smoky.

Var. Metathorax black, or with two lateral yellow lines.

%. Clypeus pyriform, yellow, terminated by two little triangular
teeth (sometimes blunted). A line on the mandibles and a
vertical line between the antenne, yellow. Flagellum of the
antenne fulvous beneath. Yellow margin of prothorax narrow.
Metathorax a little more triangular. Second abd. segment not
so widely margined. Knees, tibix, and tarsi yellow, obscure on
their posterior face.

Var. Wing scales ferruginous.

Var. 2 &.—a. Form narrow; anus black; margins of segments
3, 5, 6 narrow; anterior margin of prothorax narrow. |

b. Mctathorax quite black.

ce. Margin of the abdominal segments wide; anus yellow (O
Maya Sauss).

d. A spot under the wing or no spot.

e. The abdomen blacker, with argenteous reflection; iis yellow
ornaments more golden.

Ress. a. diff. —It differs from O. mystecus by the livery of its
abdomen; by its metathorax, not rough; by the yellow band of

\

540 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Ist segment not widened on the sides, but on the contrary nar-
rowed; 2d segment without an impressed marginal band ; elypeus
2 not as coarsely punctured and bicarinate; size somewhat
larger, ete.

From OQ. Victoriz it is distinguished by its shorter form, and
metathorax not so triangular, and antenne of % fulvous beneath.

Hab. Mexico. I caught several 2? % in the temperate terrace
of Cuernavaca, near Yautepec; and in the valley of Mextitlan.

c. Posterior margin of prothorax, and often also the anterior margin bordered
with yellow. (Insects often velvety.)

‘138. O. Huastecus Savss.—Crassiusculus, fulvo-velutinns, densis-
sime punctatis, metanoto argentato, minus distincte punctato quam
mesonotum; ¢lypeo apice et superne fulvo-maculato; pronoti margine
antico et postico, macula subalari, post-scutelli fascia, metanoti canthis
abdominisque segmentorum limbo, fulvis; 2' segmenti margine et tertio
grosse punctatis; tibiis antice fulvis; alis subfuscescentibus, tegulis
fulvo-inarginatis.— 4. Clypeo ovato, flavo-bidentato ; secundi abd. seg-
menti margine paulum refiexo.—Variat. 9. Clypeo et metathorace
nigris.— %. Antennis subtus fulvis.

Odyn. Huastecus Sauss. Revue de Zool., IX, 1857, 278.
Odyn. sobrinus Sauss., ibid., 278, 4 (var.).

Total length, 11 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

The size of O. anormis. A little impression behind the ocelli.
Clypeus triangular, pyriform, coarsely punctured, truncate and
biangulate at tip. Prothorax upturned, subbiangulate. Head
and thorax densely punctured, velutinous; metathorax smoother;
its hinder face triangular; having a small concavity, finely strigate
and punctured, not margined; superiorly terminated by a double
arch, but not ridged. The lateral edges (extending from the
hinder wing to the articulation of the abdomen), compressed and
Sharp, covered with shining silvery hair.

Abdomen ovoid; the first segment rather elongate, enp-shaped
or rather shortly convex funnel-shaped; the 2d rather in form
of a hawk’s bell, constricted at base to fit into the first. The
whole abdomen silky-velutinous with fulvous reflections, densely
but a little less strongly punctured, than the thorax; the second
segment not quite as strongly as the first; its margin coarsely
punctured, with the edge very little reflexed; the 3d not quite
so coarsely, the 4th finely, the 5th and 6th not at all punctured.

ODYNERUS. 34]

Black, fulvo-velutinous. The extremity of clypeus and a spot
at its summit; a frontal and ocular spot, a post-ocular line, a
line under the scape, fulvous-yellow ; the anterior and posterior
edge of prothorax narrowly bordered with the same color. <A
spot under the wing, edge of wing-scales, a line on post-scutel,
and the edges of metathorax margined with fulvous; segments
1-5 of the abdomen regularly margined with fulvous-yellow ;
fascie of Ist and 2d segments broader; of the others narrow.
Feet black; tibiz yellow anteriorly; tarsi fuscous. Wings
smoky.

Var. a. Last abdominal segments without yellow margin.

b. Ornaments of the body more yellow.

c. Clypeus truncate or subbidentate.

%. Of the same size or smaller; not so much of fulvo-veluti-
nous, head argenteous before. Clypeus ovate-polygonal, longer
than wide, bidentate, argenteous-yellow. The hook of antenne
black. Inner orbits fulvous. Metathorax generally quite black.
The margin of 2d abd. segment more reflexcd, more or less cana-
liculate; its base above somewhat subtuberenulate. Var. No
spot under the wing. Var. sobrinus Sss.—Somewhat more
slender. The ornaments of the body bright yellow; no spot
under the wing. Metathorax quite black. The abdominal seg-
ments all well margined with yellow, the fascis of medium width.
—?. Clypeus black or with a vellow spot at its summit; antenne
black, the scape yellow beneath. Knees, tibiz, and tarsi yellow;
tibiz blackish beneath._—%. The flagellum of the antennz orange
beneath; knees, tibize, and tarsi yellow.

Ress. a. diff.—In livery and size this is just like O. ofomitus,
but differs by both margins of prothorax being bordered with
yellow and its metathorax not rngose, but only finely punctured.
It has, like this species, the anus often margined with yellow and
the antenne yellow beneath, but the wings are not ferrwginous
as in this species.

It resembles O. propinquus, but differs in having the prothorax
shorter and the 2d segment too much swelled, with the margin
more reflexed.—Compare also 0. Peyroti which is a quite allied
species, but with black feet and narrow borders of first sezment,
and a wide bordering on 2d segment.

O. Totonacus is a much more slender and naked species.

Hab. The temperate and elevated parts of Mexico. I caught

342 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

a % in the valley of Mexico; and several other specimens in the
temperate regions of Cuernavaca, of the Huasteca, and in the
valley of Mextitlan.

Observalion.—I have joined O. sobrinus with O. Huastecus,
because new specimens seem to establish the transition between
the two presumed species. Nevertheless, O. sobrinus hasa some-
what different metathorax. It is extremely difficult to decide .
upon the species of these small Odyneri, all quite variable.

“139. ©. Gitomitus Sauss. (Fig.21.)—-0. Huasteco similis, paulo minor,
argenteo- vel fulvo-velutinus ; pronoto bidentato; meta. -tomazrime rugoso,
valde foveolato; pronoti margine postico et angulis, fascia post-seutelli,
tegulis, abdominis segmentorum limbo, ovhraceis; macala subalari
nulla; metanoto immaculato; tibiis fulvo-maculatis ; alis ferrugineis,
apice griseis.— 9. Clypeo truncato, nigro, in summo macula fulva.—
%. Clypeo bidentato, albido vel niveo; antennis subtus pallide fulvis.
Odyn. otomitus Sauss. Revue de Zool., IX, 1857, 278.

Total length, 9, 9 mm.; wing, 4, 7 mm.

Very similar to O. Huastecus; having the same appearance,
and the same kind of livery; differing principally in the following
characters.

2. Size rather smaller. Clypeus less elongate, truneate at
tip. The impression of the vertex more distinct. Angles of
prothorax quite dentiform. Metathorax truncate; its hinder
face occupied by a large and deep concavity, punctured and
rugose, but not margined by sharp edges; the upper face of the
metathorax and the edges of the excavation extremely rough,
occupied by very large punctures, or rather by little reticulate
dimples, which occupy the superior margin of the exeavation.
First abd. segment punctured, much like the head; the second
densely punctured, and having on its posterior margin a little
stronger zone of punctures, but this margin not canaliculate,
nor reflexed; the 3d still rather strongly punctured ; those fol-
lowing densely but not strongly punctured. The whole insect
rather velutinous, elothed with grayish or fulvous pile. Meta-
thorax argenteous. A spot or a band on the summit of the
elypeus, a frontal spot, a line on the seape, a very little spot in
the sinus of the eves, and a spot or line behind their summit, dull
yellow, Posterior margin of prothorax, its angles, and a line on
post-seutel fulvous or dull yellow. Tegule ferruginous. No spot
under the wing nor on the metathorax.

ODYNERUS. 343

All the abdominal segments regularly margined with ochre-
yellow; the anal segment yellow or margined with yellow. The
fasciee rather wide; the first being the narrowest. Feet black ;
tibiee a little spotted with yellow, often yellow anteriorly ; tarsi
slightly ferruginous. Wings ferruginous with the extremity
smoky.

Var. a. The body grayish-velutinous or fulvo-velutinous.

b. Clypeus quite black.

ce. Angles of prothorax scarcely dentiform.

d. A little yellow marginal line on both sides of the lower
part of the excavation of the metathorax.

e. Anus black.

%. Clypeus rather pyriform-elongate, bidentate, white or lute-
ous, as also the frontal spot and the inner orbit of the eyes.
Antenne beneath yellow or fulvous; the hook arcuate, black.
The 7th abd. segment only, margined with yellow.

Var. a. Clypeus obtusely bidentate.

6. Anus not margined with yellow. |

An examination of numerous specimens has shown notable
differences in the form of metathorax: 1°. Sometimes it is quite
widely excavated, the lateral parts forming very salient borders,
or it is even rather angulate on each side. The strong rugosities
form sometimes a sort of arched edge, margining the fossette
superiorly; sometimes they have a tendency to delineate angular
ridges margining the cavity, making this bipentagonal as in the
true Ancistrocerus (A. capra, etc.).—2°. In other specimens the
metathorax is not so angulate, nor so excavated ; its side margins
are not so produced, but it. is more rounded; the fossette is
smaller and rounded, more closed and confined by the rugosities.
This is more frequent in the males.

These various forms greatly embarrassed me until I could com-
pare numerous specimens. It is important to notice that the
principal character of this species is thesvery rugose sculpture of
the metathorax, its form being variable. It is still more rugose
and excavated than in O. mystlecus.

Ress. a. diff.—-A distinct species, well characterized by its
metathorax, as just indicated; by its bidentate prothorax, and
the abundant yellow margination of the abdomen, and anus, often
yellow.

In the malesthe antenne, yellow beneath, recall the O. Huas-

344 | HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

tecus var., and Peyrotti, which have the same livery, but not the
rough metathorax, and differ also & by the reflexed margin of
its 2d segment and the first having both the margins of prothorax
yellow. |

(Compare with O. mystecus, which has also a rough meta-
thorax. )

Hab. The hot and temperate parts of Mexico. I caught 5 9,
4 % near Tampico, and in the temperate part of the province of
Mexico, near Yautepec.—Numerous specimens were caught by
my companion, Mr. Sumichrast, in the Oriental Cordillera, Cor-
dova, Orizaba, ete.

140. O. similis Smirxa.—Niger, fulvo-velutinus; puncto frontali et
clypei apicis, abdominisque segmentorum 2'-6! margine, flavis; alis in
costa ferrugineis. Q.

Odyn. similis Smita, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vespid. 80, 202, 9.
Total length, 43 lines.

°. Black, covered with ochraceous pubescence, and having
also a clothing of changeable golden pile. Clypeus truncate at
the apex; the lateral angles acute, subdentate. A yellow spot
between the antenne and another at the apex of the clypeus.
Thorax slightly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; the ante-
rior margin of the prothorax not raised or sharply truncate.
Metathorax rounded at the sides and truncate posteriorly, and
slightly coneave. Abdomen: first segment much narrower than
the second, strongly punctured; its apical border marginate ; the
apical border of the 2-5 segment with a broad yellow fascia, the
apical segment yellow, with a black spot in the middle of its
base ; the fasciz of the segments continued beneath. Wings hya-
line; the anterior margin of the superior pair yellowish; nervures
ferruginous.

Hab. Mexico.

This species by its golden velutinous clothing and ferruginous
wings seems to approach very nearly to O. ofomitus, and mayus,
but differs by its quite black antenna, thorax, first segment, and
feet. This should separate it more from O. Puyroti var., although
differing in several characters, this species having more argente-
ous pile, antenne not quite black, ete.

ODYNERUS. 345

41. © Peyroti Saouss.—Niger, argenteo-sericeus, confertim puncta-
tus; abdomine magis tenuiter punctato; pronoto bidentato, postice
tenuiter fulvo limbato; scapi fascia, post-scutelli fascia abdominisque
segmentorum 2'-6' marginibus late, ochraceis ; primo segmento trigonali-

‘cupiliformi, tenuiter fulvo-limbato; pedibus nigris, anticis antice flavis
vel fulvis. —9. Clypeus superne macula flava, punctis capitis flavis.—
*,. Clypeo bidentato, orbitarum inargine interno, luteis; antennis subtus
fulvis.

Odyn. Peyroti Sauss. Revue de Zoologie, IX, 1857, 278.

%. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.

2. Clypeus bicarinate. Thorax short. Angles of prothorax
dentiform. Metathorax rounded; its concavity small, rounded,
strigate-punctate. Head and thorax densely punctured; the
metathorax more velutinous, not so strongly punctate. Abdo-
men not sessile; the first segment not truncate anteriorly, but
triangularly rounded, cup-shaped, nearly funnel-shaped, about as
wide as long. The second rather short, its margin more strongly
punctured, the rest more finely punctured than the thorax; the
first sezment scarcely more strongly punctured than the 2d.

Black, grayish-silky, with a strong reflection on head and
metathorax. A spot on the superior part of clypeus, a line
under the scape, a frontal ocular and post-ocular spot, a very
narrow line on the posterior margin of prothorax, and its angles,
fulvous; a line on post-scutel, edges of metathorax, the narrow
margin of the lst abd. segment, and a broad one on the 2d—6th,
ochre-yellow; anus black, or margined with yellow. Feet black,
the anterior pair fulvous anteriorly. Wings hyaline, brown at
the extremity, slightly ferruginous at base; nerves brown or fer-
ruginous,

Var. a. Both edges of prothorax margined with yellow.

6. A yellow spot under the wing.

c. Anterior edge of prothorax black.

d. Metathorax immaculate.

e. Wings somewhat ferruginous.

%. Clypeus longer than wide, bidentate, pale-yellow, argenteous.
Antenne black, fulvous beneath; the scape and inner orbits with
a yellow line. Metathorax quite black. The first segment
‘smaller, more triangular. The edge of the second segment a
little reflexed.

Var. a. The first segment scarcely margined with fulvous.

b. No frontal nor post-ocular spots.

346 HYMENOPTERA CF AMERICA. [PART I.

Ress. a. diff.—This is a very difficult species. The yellow
margin of the 2d segment is rather bi-emarginate as in O. mys-
tecus.—The body is not fulvo-velutinous as in Huastecus and
Olomitus, but more black, with silky argenteous reflections; the
metathorax is not rough asin Otomitus, nor so widely excavated.
—It differs also from Huastecus, by its acute prothoracie angles
and smaller size, its deeper and more rounded metathoracic
cavity, the yellow margins of abdomen, especially the 2d, wider;
the Ist being much narrower, and its feet black. It can be easily
distinguished by the wide margin of 2d segment. Sometimes,
especially in the males, the head, prothorax, and first segment are
almost wholly black. é

Hab. Mexico. This was caught in the temperate district of
Cuernavaca, south of Mexico, by my companion, H. Peyrot, to
whom it is dedicated; 9 % also have been taken near Orizaba,
4 9,2 % (Sumichrast).

d. Prothorax quite yellow above. Scutel and post-scutel yellow.

142. O. columbaris Sauss.—Niger; metathoracis foveola submar-
ginata; abdominis 2! segmenti margine subreflexo; clypeo 9 superne,
puncto frontali, oculari et post-oculari, flavis; scapo subtus flavo;
pronoto, macula subalari, scutello, post-scutello, metathoracis canthis,
abdominis segmentorum limbo, tibiisque antice, fiavis; alis subhyalinis,
costa subferruginea, apice griseo; tegulis ferrugineis. 9.

Odyn. columbaris Sauss. Et. Vesp., I, 158, 42: pl. xvii, fig. 3 (1852).

Hab. South America,; Columbia, (type in the Paris Museum.)

3. Body elongate, slender; the abdomen especially, very slender.
Metathorax convex, having no longer a distinct excavation,
but sooner parted by a large groove, which separates its
two cheeks, somewhat as in EUMENES. Abdomen slender,
spindle-shaped ; the first segment elongate, funnel-shaped,
sometimes subpedunculate.

(Group of O. Totonacus.)

These insects are all small, shining, not velutinous; black, with
luteous ornaments. They have quite the same appearance as
those of Section III (see below), but the scutel is black, the pro-
thorax has its hinder margin bordered with pale colors, and the
post-scutel is not truncate.

A UP tl et

ODYNERUS. 347

(Among the Stenancistroceri this type is represented by Sten-
anc. Fariasi.)

£43. 0. Votomacwus Savuss. (Vig. 23.)—Sat minutus, gracilis, niger,
nitidus, *cinereo-subsericeus, cribrato-punctatus; metanoto convexo,
tenuissime punctulato, foveola vel potius sulco striato diviso, canthis
argenteo-pilosis ; abdominis primo segmento convexo-infundibuliformi ;
capitis punctis, pronoti margine postico, post-scutello, metanoti fasciis 2,
macula subalari segmentorumaque li, 2i margine, sulfureis vel albidis! ;
tibiis antive sulfureo-notatis ; tegulis nigris.—%. Antennis subtus fer-
rugineis ; clypeo subemarginato, luteo, nigro-marginato,
Odyn. Totonacus Sauss. Revue de Zool., IX, 1857, 278.

Total length, 10 mm.; wing, 8 mm.

2. Form slender, elongate, narrow. Head as high as wide;
the notch of the eyes opened, triangular; clypeus rather strongly
punctate, rather widely truncate, biangulate, or having a little
concave apical margin. An impressed point on the vertex.
Prothorax squarely cut, angulate, slightly bidentate. Head and
thorax densely cribrose; the flanks more finely punctate; meta-
thorax narrowed, triangular, slightly biconvex, smooth, very
finely punctured only, not cribrose, like the rest of thorax; its
excavation being rather a wide groove than a fossette; delicately
strigate-punctate; the lateral ridges very sharp, garnished with
whitish hair. Abdomen slender, elongate; first seement convex,
triangular, cribrose like the thorax; the second finely punctured,
contracted at base or subtuberculate; its margin a little more
coarsely punctured than the rest, but without a distinct zone, not
canaliculate ; the following less and less strongly punctured.

Black, shining, with sparse grayish down. Scape beneath
fulvous; a spot on the mandibles, a frontal spot, ocular and post-
ocular spot, pale yellow; posterior margin of prothorax and its
angles, a spot under the wing, appendix of tegule, anterior margin
of post-scutel, two elongate marks on the inferior extremity of
metathorax, and a narrow margin on the 1, 2 abd. segments, pale
sulphur-yellow; the yellow fascia of the second generally still
narrower than that of the first; both a little prolonged on the
lateral angles of the segments. Tegule black or margined with
brown, Feet black; tibia anteriorly with a sulpbur-yellow line;
tarsi slightly brownish, or rather ferruginous. Wings smoky.

1 Vel potius stramineis.

348 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Var. a. Clypeus with a yellow spot at summit.

b. Head immaculate.

c. Angles of prothorax black; its posterior margin nearly all
black.

d. Metathorax black; only the articular valves yellow.

e. The fascia of post-scutel interrupted.

J. Segments 3-5 narrowly margined with brown.

g. Tibis anteriorly obscure.

%. Not quite as slender; thorax shorter. Second segment
more tuberculate at base. Clypeus pyriform, truncate, its apical
edge concave, hardly bidentate; its surface white, margined with
black. Antenne orange beneath; the scape luteous beneath.
Mandibles immaculate ; head often immaculate; metathorax but
little maculate; coxze 2-3 anteriorly lateous.

Var. a. The femora with a yellow line near the apex.

b. No spot under the wing.

c. Clypeus quite yellow.

d. Segments 3-6 narrowly margined with fulvous (only one
specimen).

Var. 2 %. Ornaments dull yellow (from alteration ?).

Special Variety.—The margin of the second abdominal seg-
ment a little depressed or slightly canaliculate, more coarsely
punctured, and even a little reflexed in $. In this variety the
yellow margin of the 2d segment is as broad as that of the first.
The anterior edge of prothorax is margined with yellow, and the
posterior one incompletely margined. (2 %, Orizaba.)

Ress. a. diff.—A species distinct by its elongate slender form,
its black shining body, cribrose with punctures like fine strings,
and smooth metathorax; as also by its scarce ornaments, straw-
yellow and with only two abdominal fascie, the hinder margin
of prothorax being bordered with yellow. It is very similar
to O. Tacubayex, but much larger, and more strongly punctured ;
the abdomen is not so elongate, the 2d segment is scarcely longer
than broad, posteriorly truncate, not arcuate, ete.

144. O. coyotus Savss. (Fig. 26.)—Niger, rainutus, abdomine gracili ;
corpore subrugose punctato ; metanoto tenuissime punctato ; abdominis
segmentis 19, 2° valde punctatis ; secundo basi constricto ; scaposubtus,
puncto frontali, oculari et post-oculari, pronoti margine antico et postico
tenuissime, punctis 2 post-scutelli abdominisque segmentorum l', 2!

.
ee

oe erty es

ODYNERUS. 349

limbo anguste, sulfureis ; tibiis antice tarsisque ferrugineis.— % . Clypeo
albido, apice subemarginato; antennis subtus ferrugineis.
Odyn. coyotus Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 106, 30, %.

Total length, 8 mm.; wing, 6 mm.

Form the same as in O. totonacus, but the size quite small as
in O. Tacubaye. Head and thorax very densely and rather
rugosely punctured, shagreened; post-scutel triangular, but
having at its summit a very delicate little arcuate sharp line ;
looking backward, metathorax not so oblique even as in ¢oto-
nacus, more vertical, not rugose, very finely punctured, convex,
with a little fossette on its inferior part; its edges hairy, grayish.
The superior articular valves of the apex spiniform. Abdomen
slender; the first segment arcuate, funnel-shaped, longer than
wide, very slightly petiolate, and with a depression above.
Second segment about as wide as long, strongly constricted at
base, which makes it subbidentate above and beneath. ‘The first
two segments almost equally punctured, as strongly as the thorax,
but shining; the following less and less strongly so.

Black. The dots on the head nearly imperceptible or want-
ing; the hinder margin of prothorax and its angles quite finely
bordered with pale yellow; only two little yellow dots on the
extremities of post-scutel, and the first two segments with a
narrow sulphur-yellow margin, which is not continued on the sides
. of the first segment. Feet black; tibiz and tarsi somewhat varied
with brown or ferruginous. Wings but very little smoky.

%. Clypeus white, its extremity with an arcuate subemarginate
notch. Mandibles with a white line. Flagellum fulvous beneath.

Ress. a. diff.—This insect has just the same size and appearance
as O. acolhuus, but yet is very different, having the post-scutel
triangular, not flat above, truncate behind, not crenulate. From
O. Tacubaye it differs by its strongly punctured abdomen, and
its shorter 2d segment, without an arcuate margin, shorter meta-
thorax, ete.

Hab. Temperate Mexico. I caught two males in the valley
of Mextitlan ; one from Orizaba (Sumichrast).

145. O. Tacubaye@ Sauss. (Fig. 27.)—Minutus, niger, gracillimus,
tenuiter punctatus, metanoto depresso, postice producto; abdominis 1°
segmento infundibuliformi: secundo valde elongato, margine postico
arcuato ; scapo subtus, frontis macula, pronoti marginibus, fascia post-
Scutelli et margine abdominis segmentorum 1O-2°, sulfureis; tibiis et

390 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

tarsis ferrugineis.— % . Clypeo piriformi, nigro et flavo- variegato ; flagello
subtus fulvo.

Odyn. Tacubaye Sauss. Revue de Zool., 1857, 279, 4.

Total length, 8 mm.; wing, 6 mm.

Quite small. Form quite slender and elongate, particularly
the abdomen, which is longer than head and thorax (%), more
elongate than in QO. totonacus. Head and thorax finely cribrose ;
the former circular. Scutel parted by a groove. Metathorax
smooth, quite finely punctured, triangular, obliquely produced
posteriorly, convex, rather flattened, parted superiorly by a
groove, inferiorly having a very shallow flattened obsolete
fossette; the laleral edges sharp, arcaate, clothed with argenteous
pile. The articular valves of the apex not produced into long
spines. Abdomen cylindrical; 1st segment convex-funnel-
shaped, narrow, longer than wide, as strongly punctured as the
thorax; having an obsolete transverse depression before its edge;
2d segment much longer than wide, constricted at base, subtu-
berculate above at base; its posterior margin arcuate, convex,
having a line of stronger punctures; beneath near the base it
has a sort of transverse wrinkle.

Black, shining, grayish-silky. Scape beneath, a spot on the
forehead, a post-ocular spot, anterior and posterior edge of pro-
thorax, a line on the post-scutel, and inferior ridges of metathorax

sulphur-yellow. Margin cf the tegule and a tubercle under the

wing, ferruginons. fPost-tegular appendix black. Articular
valves of metathorax yellow. The first two abdominal segments
narrowly margined with sulphur-yellow; the yellow margin of
the first continued on the sides along the lateral edges of the
segments (rather inferiorly); that of the 2d complete beneath.
Feet black; tibie and tarsi ferruginous. Wings very slightly
smoky.

%. Clypeus pyriform, rather bidentate, black, with two longi-
tudinal yellow bands, or vellow, with a central irregular black
band, and inferiorly margined with black. Scape of the antennez
fulvous beneath; hook fulvous. Intermediate coxe spotted with
yellow.

Var. Segments 3-6 margined with brown; the 3d beneath
with a little yellow.

fess. a. diff.—Resembles O. coyotus and totonacus, but not |

linda ee
a

ODYNERUS. 351

as strongly punctured, and very distinct by its metathorax being
more flattened and produced posteriorly, and by its long second
abd. segment, with an arcuate edge. It is also much smaller
than the last.

Hab. I caught only males in the valley of Mexico, near
Tacubaya.

146. O. pruimosus Smitu.—Niger, sericeus; capite, thorace et abd.
1° segmento valde punctatis; fascia clypei summi, puncto frontali et
post-oculari, pronoti margine antico, macula subalari, tegulis partim,
post-scutello, metanoti canthis, abdominisque fasciis 2, albidis ; pedibus
1°, 2° albido variis; alis subhyalinis. 9.

Odyn. pruinosus Smitu, Cat. Brit. Mus., Vesp., 79, 200, 9.
Length, 6 lin.

2. Black; in certain lights, covered with fine silvery pile; the
metathorax truncate, slightly concave, with a central impressed
line, on each side of which it is obliquely striate; a stripe at the
base of the clypeus, a minute spot between the antennae, and
another behind the eyes, white; the head, thorax, and base of
the abdomen strongly punctured; the anterior margin of the pro-
thorax, a spot beneath the wings, the anterior and posterior
margins of the tegule, a spot behind them, the post-scutellum
and lateral margins of metathorax, a spot on the apex of anterior
femora behind, and the anterior and intermediate tibie outside,
‘white; the Ist and 2d segments of the abdomen with white
fascie on their apical margins; that on. the second continued
beneath. Wings hyaline, with their margins clouded.

Hab. St. Domingo.

The peculiar forms of this species not being very fully indi-
cated, I cannot be certain of its position. I place it near to
O. totonacus, to which it is allied by its livery, which is an indica-
tion of the group.

Here probably comes the position of two species of which I
have no longer the types under my eyes, and which are not
described with sufficient detail.

147. O. Muro Savss.'—Parvulus, elongatus, gracilis, rugosus, niger;
clypeo discoidali, subbidentato; pronoto elongato, grosse punctato ;

1 Perhaps this might figure better in the subsection of O. pennsy/vantcus,
perennis, etc. ?

352 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART L

abdomine gracili, punctato; antennis et clypeo omnino atris; puncto
frontali, maculis 2 pronoti, tegulis partim, post-scutello et abdominis
segmentorum 1', 2i margine sat late, flavis; tertii fascia flava abbre-
viata; pedibus nigris, tibiis flavis, tarsis fuscis; alis subinfuscatis.
Q .—Longit. 9.5 mm.

Odyn. Huro Sauss. Et. Vespid., III, 297, 185, 9 (1854).

Hab. United States.

148. O. Mohicanus Sacss.—Minutus, gracilis, punctatns, niger;
puncto frontali et post-oculari, maculis 2 pronoti, post-scutello abdo-
minisque segmentorum 1i, 2' limbo, flavis. Tibiis flavis, tarsis fuscis.
Alis hyalinis venis fuscis.—Longit. § mm.

%. Clypeo discoidali, flavo, subemarginato ; puncto in labro et fascia in
scapo flavis ; antennis subtus ferrugineis.

Odyn. Mohicanus Sauss. Et. Vespid., III, 297, 185, § (1854).

Hab. United States. State of New York.

Ill. Metathorax not produced superiorly beyond the post-scutel,
convex; its hinder face parted by a deep groove. Post-
SCUTEL TRUNCATE; having a superior transverse face and
a posterior vertical or oblique face; the two faces separated
by a sharp edge.

Form quite elongate, exactly the same as in the last subdivision
(II, 3),' very slender, elongate; the abdomen slender,
spindle-shaped ; its first segment funnel-shaped. Post-
scutel always black; scutel often marked with yellow.—
Insects small, black, shining, with pale ornaments.

These insects have much the appearance of those of the group
of O. Totonacus, but the prothorax is marginate anteriorly and
the scutel is maculate, not the post-scutel.

A. Metathorax quite unarmed superiorly.

149. O. Acolhuus Sacss.—Parvulus, gracillimus, elongatus, niger,
cribrato-punctatus; pronoto antice cristato-bidentato; post-scutello
truncato, elevato-cristato; metanoto tenuiter punctato, inermi, bicon-
vexo, per sulcum partito; abdominis primo segmento infundibuliformi,
valde punctato, basi paulum petiolato, utrinque subdentato, supra tumido,
anve mMarginem transversim subcanaliculato; secundo paulo depresso,
basi coarctato; reliquis vix punctatis; pronoto, scutello abdominisque
segmentis 19, 20, vel 19, 20, 4°, flavo-marginatis; macula subalari

| Page 346.

Pe
OF

ODYNERUS. 353

tibiisque basi, flavis.—%. Clypeo flavo-bidentato; antennarum scapo
subtus flavo.
Odyn. Acolhuus Sauss. Revue de Zool. IX, 1857, 280.

Total length, 7 mm.; wing, 5 mm.

Very small. Head circular or slightly wider than long, rather
thick, emarginate behind. Sinus of the eyes not much opened
on the inner side ‘Thorax wide anteriorly; prothorax having
its anterior margin a little concave, crested, its angles spiniform
or at least sharply angulate. Scutel flat above, vertically trun-
cate; the truncation making a hinder face, transverse, a little
rounded on the lateral angles; the sharp edge separating the
superior and posterior face quite crested; the crest erect, trans-
verse, very finely crenulate (sometimes not well developed).
Metathorax rounded-triangular, a little prolonged backward,
convex, parted by a groove or a channel. Its apex with pro-
duced bifid articulate valves, but not spined. Head and thorax
densely punctate, the metathorax more finely punctate than the
rest, silky; the lateral ridges garnished with argenteous hair.
Abdomen elongate, fusiform (spindle-shaped), subpetiolate ; the
first segment longgr than wide; its base shortly petiolate, the
remainder funnel-shaped, swelled above, a little toothed on each
side; sometimes transversely channelled before the edge. Second
segment not much elongate, bell-shaped, a little depressed. First
segment cribrose like the thorax; 2d more finely punctured,
except on its hinder margin; 8d and following segments not
sensibly punctured.

Black. Head quite black; orbits silvery; a yellow spot at
base of the scape. Anterior margin of prothorax, a spot under
the wing, posterior margin of scutel, articular valve of meta-
thorax, and the margin of the first two abdominal segments,
yellow. Tegule ferruginous. Feet black; tibize maculate with
yellow at base; their apical spine vellow. Wings smoky, prin-
cipally on the anterior margin.

Var. a. Segments 3-5 margined with fuscous.

6. Fascia of scutel wide or narrow.

ce. Segments 4, or 4 and 5 incompletely marginate with yellow.

2. Clypeus ovate-circular, black, punctate, rather bidentate.

$. Clypeus yellow, nearly heart-shaped, but reversed; the
inferior part widest, with a little notch in the middle, forming

23

304 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

two small triangular teeth ; scape of the antenne beneath with a
yellow line.

Ress. a. diff.—A distinct, small species, well characterized by
its truncate, crested, black post-scutel, which distinguishes it from
QO. coyotus, tacubaye, totonacus, and by its smooth metathorax,
which separates it from chichimecus and tepanecus.—Comp. with
O. zendalus.

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. Several specimens were
caught by me in the valley of Mextitlan, others were sent to me
from Orizaba by Mr. Sumichrast (5 $, 13 2).

150. ©. Zemdalus Savss. (Fig. 24, 24a.)—Niger, nitidus; capite et
thorace crasse punctatis; abdomine minus crasse et parum profunde
punctato; scutello postice acute truncato, cristato ; primo abdominis seg-

mento trigonali-cupiliformi, superne tumido, pre margine constricto ;.

pronoti margine antico, scutelli fascia, abdominisque segmentorum 1, 2i
margine, sulfureis. Alis fusco-nebulosis.— 9. Clypeo rugoso; antennis
immaculatis.

Odyn. Zendalus Sauss. Revue de Zool., XXII, 1870, 140, 31.

Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm.

Form and appearance very much as in O. Totonacus. Head
and thorax coarsely cribrose. Thorax wide anteriorly, narrowed
posteriorly. Prothorax finely crested, angulate. Post-scutel
strongly truncate and sharply crested; its superior face very
short; the posterior elevated face finely punctured; the crest
forming the separation of the two faces finely crenulate, its angles
well marked. Metathorax finely punctured, clothed with argen-
teous pile. Its cavity smooth, rather square. Abdomen spindle-
shaped; the first segment cup-shaped, subtriangular, swelled

above and constricted before its margin. The first three seg-

ments with very shallow punctures, rather large; the following
finely punctured.

Black, shining. Head quite black. Anterior margin of pro-
thorax, a fascia on scutel (or two spots), and the margin of the
first two abdominal segments, yellow. Tegule and feet black;
tarsi rather ferruginous. Wings clouded with brown.

2. Clypeus rounded, rough, scarcely emarginate; antenne
quite black

Ress. a. diff.—Quite the appearance of O. totonacus, but very
distinct from this by its crested aud black post-scutel, anterior

ee

-

Cyr

ODYNERUS. 3D

yellow margin of prothorax, and strong punctures. It has much
the form of O. acolhuus, but differs by its size (twice as large),
its stronger punctures, its higher head, its first abd. segment, not
petiolate at base, its rather different livery, its immaculate
antenne, flanks and tibia, ?.

Hab. The temperate part of Mexico. Oriental Cordillera
(Sumichrast).

B. Metathorax armed superiorly with two tubercles, sometimes
very small.

151. O. Nahwus Sauss.—Niger, gracilis, elongatus, crassissime cribri
instar punctatus; pronoto bidentato; post-scutello antice transverse
cristato, postice cribrato; metathorace producto, rotundato, foveola
punctata instructo, superne bituberculato; abdominis 1° segmento
subpetiolato, 20 elongato; reliquis tenuissime punctatis ; pronoti mar-
gine antico, tegularum limbo, fascia scutelli, abdominis segmentorum
li, 2i margine maculaque tibiarum, sulfureis.—Q. Clypeo nigro, rotun-
dato, subbidentato.

Odyn. Nahuus Sauss. Revue de Zoolog., XXII, 1870, 140, 32, 9.

Total length, 8.5 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm.

2. Small. Very slender and elongate, having much the form
of O. Tacubayx. Head a little higher than. wide, not much
swollen behind. Thorax elongate; anterior margin of prothorax
crested, its angles spiniform. Scutel having on its anterior part
a fine transverse crest, finely crenulate; its hinder part behind
the crest transverse, cribrose, transversely square, very obtusely
angulate. Metathorax prolonged, rounded, having a distinct
concavity, nearly reaching the post-scutel ; this cavity cribrose
like the rest of metathorax, its margins quite rounded, effaced,
but having on the superior part two little rounded tubercles,
punctured like the rest. Articular valves of the apex of the
metathorax not spiniform, more flattened. Head and thorax
exceedingly coarsely cribrose; the metathorax not as coarsely
so, but yet strongly. Abdomen elongate. The first segment
eribrose like the thorax, funnel-shaped, a little petiolate ; about
as wide as long, convex, and a little constricted before its margin.
Second segment cylindrical, much elongated, though not strongly
tribrose. The following segments quite finely punctured.

Black, a little silvery sericeous. Head and antenne quite

306 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

black. A narrow margin on the anterior border of prothorax,
margin of tegule, a transverse band on the middle of scutel, and
a narrow line margining the first two abd. segments, sulphur-
yellow; that of the 2d complete beneath. Tibiz marked with
yellow. Wings smoky.

2. Clypeus rounded, very coarsely punctured; its apex with
two quite approximate, very small teeth.

Ress. a. diff.—This is an elongate species like O. Tacubaye,
very distinct by its quite coarse punctures, even on the 2d abd.
segment; much coarser even than in chichimecus.

It differs: from Yacubaye by its sharply angulate prothorax,
crested scutel, bituberculate metathorax, and wider Ist segment,
as also by the margin of 2d segment which is truncate, not
arcuate; from QO. olmecus, by its thorax, not triangular, not so
wide anteriorly, not so attenuated posteriorly, its wider eup-
shaped Ist segment, and by the tubercles of metathorax which
are not sharp, but rounded and punctate: from tepanecus by
most of the preceding characters. So also from O. chichimecus,
except by its lst segment which is shaped as in this species; the
post-scutel also is not vertically truncate; its edge being an
anterior ridge, not a posterior one. This last character distin-
guishes it also from O. acolhuus.

Hab. The temperate part of Mexico. Oriental Cordillera
(Sumichrast).

152. O. Olmecus Savss.—Minutus, gracillimus, niger, punctatus;
prothorace bidentato; post-scutello medio transverse cristato; meta-
thorace infere foveolato, superne tenuissime bituberculato, apice bi-
spinoso; abdominis 1° segmento elongato, infundibuliformi; capite
omnino nigro, pronoti margine antico, macula subalari, tegulorum -
limbo, scutelli abdominisque segmentorum Ii, 2: (vel 1i, 2', 4‘) margine
postico, flavis; spinis metathoracis apicis tibiisque extus, flavis.

*. Macula mandibulorum, clypeo, scapo subtus, flavis; flagello subtus
fulvo; clypeo latissime truncato.

Odyn. Olmecus Sauss. Revue de Zool., XXII, 1870, 140, 33, %.

Total length, 7 mm.; wing, 5.7 mm.

Small and slender, elongate. Having much the form of 0.
acolhuus. Head circular, rather swollen and concave behind.
Antenne inserted rather low. Thorax not very elongate, tri-.
angular, wide exteriorly, attenuated posteriorly. Prothorax

ODYNERUS. 357

sharp, its angles dentiform. Post-scutel truncate, but its poste-
rior face not so vertical, more oblique, its middle occupied by a
transverse crenulated crest; the crenulations blunt. Metathorax
triangular, prolonged, convex, with laferal sharp edges, clothed
with white silvery pile; the middle occupied by a polished, punc-
tured cavity, not reaching the: top, but continued to the post-
scutel by a groove. The superior margin of this cavity armed
on each side with a very little, compressed, sharp tubercle (or a
quite short ridge). The articular valve of the apex of the meta-
thorax each bidentate, the superior tooth of which is prolonged
into along spine. Abdomen very elongate. The first segment
longer than wide, funnel-shaped; with a sort of transverse depres-
sion before its margin. Second segment a little depressed bell-
shaped, rather long,

Head, thorax, and Ist segment above, densely cribrose, not
quite as strongly as in chichimecus; the metathorax and the 2d
segment quite finely punctured, except on the posterior part of
the latter.

Black, sericeous. Head quite black. Anterior margin of pro-
thorax, margins of the tegule, inferior spines of metathorax, pos-
terior margin of scutel, and of the first two abdominal segments,
yellow. Often the 4th segment also, more or less marginate.
The crenulation of post-scutel, and the two little tubercles of the
summit of metathorax finely punctate with yellow.

Feet black; knees and tibize outside, in their total length (%)
yellow; tarsi ferruginous beneath. Wings hyaline, smoky along
the anterior margin.

%. Clypeus having a quite exceptional form; square-rounded ;
as broad as high, or broader; its superior margin rounded ; the
inferior margin quite widely truncate, subconcave; its angles
blunt, but the inferior extremity of the lateral margin rather
swelled, somewhat tubercular. A spot on the mandibles, clypeus,
a line under the scape, yellow; flagellum fulvous beneath.

Ress. a. diff—This differs from O. chichimecus, by its larger
size, its head as wide as high; its prothorax much wider}; its
metathorax much more elongate and triangular, with a smaller
cavity and quite small tubercles ; its post-scutel shorter, with its
crest placed near the anterior margin; by its first abd. segment
much more elongate, funnel-shaped; by the 2d, quite finely
punctured.—_F rom QO. tepanecus it is sufficiently distinet by its

308 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA, [PART I.

metathorax, destitute of large tubercles, its crested post-scutel,
and not spined clypeus (4%).

From O. acolhuus, it differs by its post-scutel not truncate so
as to have a vertical posterior face, its crest being more anteriorly
placed, not on the posterior ridge; by its metathorax, bituber-
culate superiorly and bispined at the posterior end. The Ist
segment is also more elongate, and the clypeus % is not angular-
bidentate on its inferior margin Comp. also 0. nahuus.

From QO. coyotus and totonacus it differs sufficiently by its
crested truncate post-scutel.

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. One % from the valley
of Orizaba (Sumichrast). .

153. O. Chichimecus Savss.—Minimus, gracillimus, niger, cribri
instar punctatus ; prothorace bidentato; post-scutello truncato, cristato ;
metanoto superne bituberculato; capite et antennis 9 omnino nigris ;
prothoracis margine antico, scutelli et abdominis segmentorum 1‘, 2%
margine postico, flavis; tibiis et tegulis flavo-ornatis.

Odyn. chichimecus Sauss. Revue de Zoolog., IX, 1857, 280, 9.

Total length, 6 mm.; wing, 4.5 mm.

®. The smallest species. Head a little higher than wide.
Antenne inserted below its middle. Sinus of the eyes very open.
Thorax slender, not contracted anteriorly; its anterior margin
finely crested; its angles toothed. Post-scutel truncate; its ridge
arcuate, crested, but not very strongly. Metathorax convex,
prolonged, having a polished shallow cavity, not extended supe-
riorly to the post-scutel; superiorly this cavity is margined on
each side by a little compressed sharp tubercle. Extremity of
metathorax with two little spines, next to the two teeth which
make the articulation. Abdomen elongate; the first segment
triangular funnel-shaped, swelled and a little constricted before
its margin, which is rather thick. Second segment cylindrical ;
head, thorax, and first abdominal segment polished and cribrose
with strong punctures; metathorax and second segment not quite
as strongly cribrose, and with a line of stronger punctures along
its margin. Metathorax finely punctured. Segments 3-6 quite
finely punctured. Black. Anterior margin of prothorax, poste-
rior margin of scutel, and of the first two abdominal segments of
the abdomen, yellow; wing scales marginate with yellow; tibiz
yellow on the superior face, at least at base.. Wings subhyaline.

ODYNERUS, 35D$

Var. The yellow band of scutel interrupted.

9. Head and antenne quite black. Clypeus cribrose like the
head; having the shape of a square lozenge, its inferior margin
arcuate, imperceptibly bidentate.

Ress. a. diff.—This species has much resemblance to O. Tacu-
bayx, because of its elongate 2d abd. segment, but it is quite
distinct from it, as also from O. coyolus and tolonacus, by its
truncate, crested post-scutel, and its bidentate melathoraz. ‘This
last character only separates O. tepanecus, olmecus, and nahuus.

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. I caught one ? in the
valley of Mextitlan.

154. 0. tepamecus Savss.—Parvulus, gracilis, niger, tenuiter punc-
tatus; post-scutello truncato; metathorace valde bituberculato; abdo-
minis 10 segmento infundibuliformi, subpetiolato; apice puncto impresso
notato, capitis punctis, pronoti, scutelli, abdominisque segmentorum 1',
2: (vel 1i, 2', 4'), margine, flavis; tibiis basi flavo-variis.—%. Clypeo
flavo, apice spinis 2 nigris, antennis nigris.

Odyn. Tepanecus Savuss. Revue de Zool., 1X, 1857, 280, 4

Q. Total length, 7.5 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm.

Very small. General form very much as in O. acolhuus,
slender. Head circular or a little higher than wide. Antenne
inserted rather low. Notch of the eyes very open. Prothorax
not having its angles dentiform. Scutel truncate, transverse, not
crested, but having a transverse edge. Metathorax triangular,
a little prolonged; its lateral edges arcuate, sharp, hairy; its
hinder face parted by a deep channel and armed on each side
under the angles of post-scutel with a strong, sharp, dentiform
tubercle, looking backward; these tubercles compressed, having
a sharp, lateral salient ridge, extending to the angles of post-scutel
(very evident, when viewed in profile). Apex of metathorax with
two wide articulate, not spined valve. Abdomen slender, spindle-
shaped; first segment small and narrow, subpetiolate, funnel-
shaped, but swelled above, gibbous, as if truncate anteriorly; an
impressed point before its posterior margin. Second segment
rather oval, narrowed but not constricted at base, rather depressed,
but not all tuberculate. The whole inseet finely punctured.

Black, sericepus. A frontal, ocular, and post-oeular spot,
yellow. Anterior margin of prothorax, posterior margin of
scutel, articular valyw of the metathorax, and the first two seg-

360 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

ments of the abdomen, yellow. The 4th segment (often ?) with
an incomplete yellow band. Wing scale brown, margined with
yellow or ferruginous. Feet black; tibiz at base outside and
their apical spines, yellow. Wings smoky.—9. Clypeus yellow,
widened below, terminated by two very strong, blunt, black
spines. Mandibles and antenne wholly black. A yeilow line
between the insertion of the antenne. }

fiess. a. diff.—This small species is quite distinct by its
strongly tuberculate metathorax. It could only be confounded
with O. chichimecus, but it is not so small, nor as slender; the
thorax is not as cylindrical; the body not as strongly punctured ;
the scutel is not crested; the metathoracie tubercles are much
stronger and the direction of the sharp external ridge of these is
convergent downward, while in chichimecus the tubercles are on
the contrary a sort of superior margin of an indicated cavity of
the metathorax.

Compare also O. olmecus and nahuus.

Hab. The temperate parts of Mexico. I caught only one
male in the valley of Mextitlan.

Subgenus BPIPONUS! Suuck.

Epipona Suucx. ; Sacss.—Oplopus Wxsm.; Savss. Vespid., I, 217.—
Oplomerus WeEstwoop.—FPterochilus ex. p. HERR.-SCHZFF.

Abdomen quite ovate, depressed; the first segment cup-shaped,
sessile, or subpedunculate at base, sensibly narrower than
the 2d, but not constricted at base. Thorax short, rather
globular. Metathorax rounded, destitute of angles and of
sharp edges, without rugosities. Second recurrent nerve
of the anterior wing falling upon the 2d transverso-cubial
nerve or very close to it.—(Appearance of the genus
Pterochilus.)

$%. Antenne having at times the last joint recurved like a hook ;
these organs being more often elongate, thick, with their
last goints compressetj, flattened, curled up to a spiral.—
Clypeus generally wider than long; very strongly bidentate.

This type quite recalls the appearance of Pterochilus and it
forms the intermediate step between these insects and the true
Odynerus. The characters of the Division Epipona are princi-
pally to be found in the males, but the appearance of these insects

1 "emsmovec, laborious.

ODYNERUS. 361

is sufficient to distinguish them; it is even so striking that one
would be tempted to raise it to a genus, did there not exist,
principally in Europe and in Africa, a series of intermediate
types which allies them by very gradual and natural transitions
to the true Odynert. These transitions are even so complete
that one is much perplexed to know how to limit the subgenus
Epiponus.' But as the intermediate types are principally inhabi-
tants of the old world, the difficulty with the American species is
much diminished, although it appears in the case of some Ante-
piponus.

The EL piponusseem to be peculiar to the boreal hemisphere and
to Africa; the true Hpiponus are the northern type, the Ante-
prponus the southern type, as well in America as in Europe.

Division ANTEPIPONUS.
(Sauss. Et. Vespid., ILI, 244.)

Mandibles of the males not notched, nor armed with a spur.
Antenne of the males either armed with a hook, or curled
up into a spiral at the extremity. First abdominal segment
cup-shaped, sessile or rather subpedunculate at base. As
said above, I at first placed this division in the subgenus
Opynerus, but the appearance of its representatives being
quite that of the Epiponus, it will better find its place in
this division.

1. Antenne of the males terminated by a hook. (Sauss. Vesp.,
I, 213, Sect. C.)

No representative yet found in America.

2. Antenne terminated by a spiral curl. (Sauss. Vesp., I, 216,
ect. wr)

This section only differs from the true Zpiponus by the mandi-
bles of the males being simple, and the clypeus not so much

' In my Htudes sur la Fam. des Vespides, l have included these transitory
Species in the division Antepepona (IIT, 298), but this division is only
an expedient to help in the determination of the Species; it is not a
natural division—no more than any section one must form in a continu.
ous series, conducting from one form to another by gradual transitions,

(Comp. Et. Vespid., Vol. I, 213, C, and 216, IlL—Ibid., Vol. III, 298.)

362 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART i.

notched, It quite approaches Pterochilus in its general forms
and in the shape of the clypeus. It only differs from these by the
labial palpi being small, 4-jointed and not pectinate.

It has the same geographical distribution as the Pterochilus,
being the southern type of the genus. In America it has only
been found in Mexico as yet; in the old world it is spread over
the southern part of Europe and the temperate part of Africa,
north and south

155. E. denticulatus Savss. (Fig. 30, 30a.)—Validus, niger, fulvo-
hirtus; pronoto, post-scutello, abdominisque segmentis flavo-limbatis;
secundo segmento, utrinque macula rufa; antennarum basi et pedibus
badiis.—%. Clypeo flavo, apice nigro; femoribus intermediis emargi-
natis; tibiis posticis dilatatis.

Leptochilus denticulatus Sauss. Rev. de Zool., VII, 1855, 373.1

Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 11 mm.

Appearance of a Pterochilus, but the labial palpi small, quadri-
articulate, not pectinate. Mandibles knife-shaped, with three
little notches. Thorax ovate, round; first abdominal segment
cup-shaped, or widely spoon-shaped, not very sessile; its base
subpedunculate. Second segment short. The whole insect
densely punctured and hirsute with long fulvous hair.

Black. Anterior margin of prothorax and post-scutel sulphur-
yellow. Wing scales ferruginous or yellowish. The abdominal
segments all adorned with a sulphur-yellow margin, rather wider
on the 3d, 4th segments than on the 2d; the margin twice notched
with black on the segments 3-6; the 2d segment adorned besides
with two large ferruginous lateral spots. eet ferruginous or
yellowish, black at base. Wings subhyaline, soiled with gray-
ferruginous.

Var. Post-scutel black; tegule maculate with yellow.

_ %. Clypeus wide below; attenuated at its summit; its apex
but little prolonged, truncate, biangulate. The surface yellow,
clothed with silvery hair, except on its extremity which is black
and strongly punctured. Antenne very long, black, with the first
two joints ferruginous, yellow anteriorly; the last joints quite
compressed, annulate with yellow, principally below. Inter-
mediate femora of rather different form, strongly canaliculate

1 Erratum.—Page 373, line 19th, instead of Tvbias, read Facies.

-— Se

Pirin

ODYNERUS. 363

beneath, and strongly notched beyond the middle, on their anterior
face; the notch almost forming three-quarters of a circle; its
angles quite sharp, dentiform. Posterior tibiw strongly dilated,
somewhat as in the Mellifere, terminated very widely; the inner
angle forming almost a process.

fess. a. diff.—This insect has quite the appearance of Plero-
chilus aztecus, but it differs by its small and not feathery labial
palpi. |

ffab. Mexico. I caught but one specimen in the Cordillera
of Coscomotepec.

Division EPIPONUS (proprie dicta).

Mandibles of the males having beyond the middle a large notch,
followed by a tooth or spur. Antenne elongate, thick ;
their extremity curled wp into a spiral. Clypeus & wider
than long, very strongly bidentate.—The second recurrent
nerve of the anterior wing falling upon the 2d transverso-
cubital nerve, or very near tt.

The true Hpiponusseem to be peculiar to the temperate and
northern parts of the southern hemisphere ; they are abundant in
Kurope, rare in America; in the lower latitudes they give place
to the Antepiponus,which, with the same appearance, approach
more nearly to the true Odynerus.

In regard to the distinction of the species one must notice that,
contrary to the usual case, in this group it is not the female, but
the male, which offers the most distinctive characters.

Beside the subgeneric characters, peculiar to the total number
of the males, there are others specially belonging to a part of the
species; some have the coxe or intermediate femora indented;
others have the clypeus curiously shaped. But the females are
far from being so well characterized, and the distribution of the
colors must be strongly relied upon in distinguishing the species.

156. E. dilectus Savss. (Fig. 29, 29a.)—Niger, punctatus, fusco-
hirsutus ; frontis macula, puncto post-oculari, tibiis, tarsis abdominisque
segmentorum limbo, sulfureis; ultimis segmentis tantum fascia abbre-
viata flava; alis subhyalinis, tegulis fusco et flavo maculatis.—%. Cly-
peo flavo, valde bidentato, ore et antennis subtus flavis; femoribus in-
termediis tridentatis.

Odyn. dilectus Sauss. Revue de Zool., XXII, 1870, 141, 34, %.
%. Total length, 9 mm,; wing, 8 mm.

364 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1.

Head very densely punctured; thorax eloseiy shagreened.
Post-scutel truncate, having an elevated posterior face; meta-
thorax quite rounded, posteriorly more flattened than excavated,
strigose. Abdomen quite ovate, polished; the first segment cup-
shaped, anteriorly somewhat rounded truncate.

Black; the body all bristling with long fulvous hair, especially
on the head and thorax; that of the abdomen shorter and more
eray. A frontal transverse mark, a post-ocular spot, and the
inargin of the middle of prothorax, sulphur-yellow. Wing scales
testaceous, black at base. A regular yellow fascia on the seg-
ments 1-5 of the abdomen; the fasciz 3-5 abbreviated. Feet
black ; knees, tibiee, and tarsi, yellow (%). Wings subhyaline.
The 2d recurrent nerve falling nearly into the 3d cubital cell.

9. Unknown.

%. Mandibles yellow, having near the extremity a ‘strong
notch, followed by a stout tooth. Labrum yellow. Clypeus
wider than long, yellow, terminating in two long teeth, separated
by a wide notch in the form of an arch.. Antenne very large,
thick, black above, yellow beneath; the last six joints flattened
and rolled up into a spiral, quite black. Intermediate femora
strongly bidentate beneath; their first tooth slender and elongate,
in form of a broken spine; the intermediate shorter and more
widely compressed, the third forming a sort of lamella attenuated
up to the extremity of the femur, these teeth separated by wide
notches. Intermediate tibiz apparently notched at base and
tumefied from the middle. The 6th segment slightly margined
with yellow.

Ress. a. diff.—This is the only American representative known
of the subgenus Lpiponus. Compared with the European species,
it quite resembles O. spinipes, except that the 3d tooth of the
intermediate femora is not quite so much developed. It might
be O. spinipes, transmigrated and modified.

APPENDIX TO THE GENUS ODYNERUS.

1. Species sedis incertz.

The following species I cannot introduce in the classification
of the genus, their forms not having been sufficiently described.

APPENDIX TO THE GENUS ODYNERUS. 365

1. O. rufimodwus Cresson.—Niger, valde punctatus, albido variegatus ;
metathorace rufo, utrinque dentem efficiente ; abdominis segmentis 1-3
luteo-limbatis ; 19, 20 margine reflexo; pedibus rufis; alis nebulosis.

O. rufinodus Cress. Amer. Ent. Trans., I, 1867, 381, 22, 9.
Total length, 3.5 lines.

?. Black, densely and deeply punctured; head large, face and
base of clypeus with glittering pubescence, the latter subconvex ;
mandibles rufous, black at tips, the inner edge with three obtuse
teeth; palpi honey-yellow; antennee short, clavate, entirely black-
ish; a transverse line, interrupted medially on prothorax, a round
spot on each side of pleura, tegule, except a brown medial spot,
and two spots on scutellum, white; metathorax rufous, silvery on
the sides, deeply excavated posteriorly, the extreme lateral apical
angles produced into a subacute spine; wings subhyaline, the
costa narrowly fuliginous; legs entirely rufous, the posterior
tarsi slightly dusky; abdomen with the apical margins of the
first and second segments reflexed and narrowly whitish, as well
as that of the third; basal segment campanulate, convex, without
any transverse carina and suture at base, rufous; second segment
suddenly swollen, convex, its posterior whitish, margin sinuous
anteriorly, and continued, narrowly, beneath; fourth and following
segments entirely black.

Hab. New Mexico. 1.9.

This species is most likely very variable in its colors. It may
prove to belong to Division Odynerus.

2. O productus.—Niger; capite thoraceque flavo-guttatis et valde
punctatis ; abdomine fasciis duabus flavis ornato.

O. productus Smita, Lond. Ent. Trans., 3d Ser., I, 1862, 37, $.
Total length, 3.5 lines.

%. Black, the head and thorax strongly punctured ; the clypeus
and a small spot above it, a minute spot in the sinus of the eyes and
another behind them, the scape in front and a spot on the mandibles,
pale yellow; the flagellum fulvous beneath. The posterior mar-
gins of the prothorax, a spot beneath the tubercles, the tegule,
post-scutellum, the metathorax behind, and a spot on the anterior
and intermediate tibiz, yellow; the anterior tibiew and tarsi fer-
ruginous; the wings hyaline, with a dark fuscous stain in the
marginal cell; a ferruginous spot on the tegule. Abdomen finely

366 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

punctured, the first and second segments with a broad yellow
margin, which is continued beneath; the second segment produced
in the middle, forming a sharp angle or tooth; the following
segments very narrowly bordered with yellow; the first segment
entirely pale beneath.

Hab. Panama

This species is very likely to be classed in Division Sfeno-
dynerus.

2. Species dubia.

The following species I first thought by its facies to be a North
American one, but as it never occurred to me in any American
collection, I must deduce from this fact that it did not originate
on this continent.

It would find its place in the Division Odynerus.

®. Tisiphome Ler.—Omnino niger, sat gracilis; clypeo vix emargi-
nato, carinato-subdentato; metanoti marginibus superne paulum ele-
vatis, acutis; post-scutello flavo; abdominis primo segmento anguste,
secundo tenuissime sulfureo-limbatis ; alis nigro-violaceis. 9.—Long.
15 mm.

Odynerus Tisiphone Ler. St. Fare., Hymen. II, 646, 31, 9 (1841).—
Sauss. Vespides, I, 183, 77.

Gen. LEPTOCHILUS Savss.
Leptochilus! Sauss. Etud. Vespid., I, 233, III, 320.

Appearance of genus Odynerus (Stenodynerus), but the abdo-
men is subpedunculate; its first segment more or. less funnel-
Shaped.

Labial palpi very slender. Maxillary palpi slender.

This genus should evidently be united with the genus Odynerus,
and will most likely find its place in the Stenodyneri, next to the
group of O huastecus. Unfortunately, not possessing the types,
I cannot exactly decide how the species should be placed.

The abdomen is constricted between the Ist and 2d segments,
more than in the Stenodynerus; nevertheless, this is only a
provisional genus which cannot well be preserved.

Asm7ds, thin; xetAog, lip.

ae

LEPTOCHILUS. 367

1. Masillary palpi quite slender. First abdominal segment
subpedunculate, much narrower than the second.

i. L. faliax Savss.—Sat minutus, niger, pronoto autice lato; sub-
angulato, scutello subquadrato; metanoto postice valde excavato,
marginibus rotundatis, rugosis ; abdominis primo segmento convexo,
infundibuliformi, minus lato quam secundum; hoc basi subconstricto,
margine reflexo, valde rugoso ; capite, thorace et abd. 19 segmento valde
punctatis; puncto frontali et post-oculari, sulfureo; antennis subtus
et basi, ferruygineis; pronoto, tegulis, macula subalari, post-scutello,
pedibus et nonnunguam metanoti lateribus, rufis; pronoto insuper
antice flavo marginato; abdominis primo segmento rufo, basi uigro,
margine flavo; secundo flavo-marginato; basi rufo-bimaculato; 39 et
40 (%) tenuissime flavo-marginatis ; alis hyalinis.—Long. 11 mm.

%,. Clypeo rotundato, flavo, subbidentulato; scapo antice fascia flava;
orbitis intus flavo-marginatis.

Leptochilus fallax Sauss. Et. Vespid., I, 234, 2, pl. xx, fig. 6, 3 (1852).

Hab. America?

Obser vation.—Unfortunately, I do not find this species again
in the collection of De Romand, in which I described it. As the
insects of this collection were very Ree labelled, it may
not be an American species ?

2. Maxillary palpi moderately slender, the first joint rather
swelled. First abd. segment rather wide posteriorly,
although still not funnel-shaped.

2. LL. ormatus Savss.—Niger, valde punctatus ; clypeo latiore: quam
longiore; post-scutello truncato, cantho acuto instructo; metanoto
excavato, marginibus rugosis, rotundatis; abdomine basi subpeduncu-
lato; primo segmento valde punctato, margine subreflexo; secundo
brevi et latissimo, basi valde coarctata, margine subinerassato.; ore et
Scapo fuscis; clypeo flavo, margine nigro; pronoti margine, Betis,
macula subalari, fasciaque interrupta in watlvetes aurantiacis ; primo
abdominis segmento obscure rufo; segmentis 10-39 tenuiter aurantio-
marginatis ; pedibus flavis, basi nigris; alis subhyalinis.

%. Clypeo et antennarum scapo fere omnino flavis.

Longit. 9mm.

Leptochilus ornatus Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 236, 6, pl. xx, fig. 4, 9.

Hab. United States. Carolina (Paris Museum).

368 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Gen. PTEROCHILUS Kiva.

Pterochilus Kive.; Latr.; Say; Sauss.

Buccal parts elongate.

Labium very much elongate; palpi very large, thick, and
much elongate, composed of three joints, of which the first is
swelled at the extremity; the 2d and 3d strongly compressed
and bipectinate, with very long piiosity; the 3d joint very
elongate.—Jlaxillary palpi normal, composed of six joints.—
Mandibles large, elongate, trenchant, in the form of a knife
blade; the internal edge trenchant, lobed, or notched; the
external edge ciliated with long hair.—Clypeus wide, often
lozenge-shaped or trapezoidal, more or less transverse.— Thorax
rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, globular or ovate. —Abdomen
ovate, depressed, the first segment cup-shaped, subsessile.—
Antenne of the males terminated by a hook or by a curved
spiral.

These insects have much the same appearance as the E’pzpona,
but they are very distinct by the extraordinarily large labial
palpi, which are feathery, with very long hair.

The American species belong to the group of Pt. phaleratus and
- biglumis, characterized by their indented mandibles and rounded
metathorax.

i. Pt. Lewisii Cresson.—Validus, niger, fulvo-pubescens; clypeo,
antennis basi, capitis maculis, pronoti macula subalari, maculis 2
scutelli et 2 metanoti pedibusque ferrugineis ; tegnlis et post-scutello
flavescentibus; abdominis segmentis 1°, 2° rufis, basi nigris, omnibus
flavo-limbatis ; alis inquinatis.

Pterochilus Lewisii Cresson, Amer, Entom. Trans., I, 1867, 382, 25, 9.
Total length, 8.5 lin.

2. Robust; head and thorax clothed with a pale fulvous
pubescence ; abdomen silvery-sericeous in certain lights. Head
black, densely punctured; posterior orbits broadly, anterior
orbits narrowly, from the emargination down, the clypeus entirely,
the mandibles, except the tips and base and lower margin

Pires csi nis 28

PTEROCHILUS. 369

beneath, bright ferruginous; clypeus subconvex, sparsely pune-
tured, pubescent, the tip produced and truncate; mandibles
large, long, acute at tip, with four obtuse teeth on the inner
edge before the tip; the outer surface with two oblique caring,
the lower margin fringed with long yellow hair; maxille blackish,
their palpi fulvous, the apical joints fringed with very long hair ;
antenne black, the two basal joints bright ferruginous. Thorax
very densely punctured, black, the upper half of prothorax, spot
beneath anterior wing, two large, almost confluent spots on
scutellum, and the sides of the metathorax, bright ferruginous ;
post-scutellum and tegule, except a central darker spot, yellow-
ish-ferruginous; metathorax short and very abrupt. Abdomen
robust, sessile, very densely punctured ; first and second segments
dull-ferruginous, with their apical margins bright yellow, and a
larger black spot on their basal middle; that on the first segment
longitudinal and even, that on the second transverse, angular on
the sides and acutely pointed behind; the yellow posterior margin
of the second segment is slightly and squarely emarginate on
each side anteriorly ; remaining segments bright Jemon-yellow,
the third and fourth more or less black at. base; the two apical
segments are tinged with orange and the third to fifth segments
have a transverse orange spot on each side; beneath ferruginous,
with a lateral yellow spot at tip, and a large semicircular black
mark on the base of the second segment. Legs ferruginous;
coxe and trochanters black; the four posterior tibie and base
of tarsi covered with short spines. Wings subhyaline varied
with fuliginous; the costa and base stained with yellowish, sub-
violaceous.
Hab. New Mexico (Museum of the Am. Entom. Society).

2, Pt. Mexicamus Savss. (Fig. 31, 3la).—Validus, niger, fulvo-hir-
sutus; ore, clypeo, macula frontali, orbitis partim, antennis basi, pro-
noto, lineis 2 mesonoti disci, tegulis, maculis pleurarum, scutellis,
metanoto utrinque, pedibusque rufis; abdomine rufo, segmentis flavo-
limbatis, 10, 20 basi nigris; alis infuscatis, violascentibus. °.
Pterochilus mexicanus Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 141, 36 9.

Total length, 16 mm. ; wing, 14 mm.

®. Large. Labial palpi very large, ciliated with very long

biack hair, Clypeus strongly punctured, truncate; its extremity

rather excavated in the middle, with oblique submarginal lateral
24

370 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

carine below, terminating in its angles. Thorax not globular,
rather elongate, ovate. Scutel convex, parted by a groove;
post-scutel not parted. Metathorax rounded, divided by a
channel. Abdomen a little more elongate than in Pt. azlecus,
the first segment not so short, subangular posteriorly.

The whole insect densely punctured and clothed with fulvous
woolly hair.

Black. Mandibles, elypeus, the first two joints of the antenne,
frontal spot, inner orbits and a large post-ocular band, rufous;
the clypeus above and scape beneath, yellow. Prothorax above,
two spots or a band on the flanks, tegule, two lines on the disk
of mesothorax, scutel, post-scutel, and two large macule on the
metathorax, rufous. Abdomen rufous, with a central band on
the Ist segment, and a triangular part at base of 2d segment,
black ; all the segments more or less margined with yellow; anus
yellow. Feet ferruginous, black at base; coxe spotted with
ferruginous ; tibiz of the two posterior pair covered with small
spines. Wings pale fuscous, with violet iridescence.

' Var. This species certainly varies greatly in the distribution
of its three colors, the black and yellow being more or less
extended.

Ress. a. diff.—It differs from O. aztecus by its coloration and
particularly by its thorax, not globular, but ovate, much longer
than wide. It is very likely to be a Mexican variety of Pi.
Lewisit Cress. I cannot be sure of this without an examination
of the type. It has the wings more violaceous, not ferruginous
along the costa; the disk of mesothorax is adorned with two
rufous lines and the abdomen may not be as sessile.

Hab. Mexico. One’? I caught in the valley of Mexico, on
the high plateau.

3. Pt. Aztecus Savss.—Validus, niger, tenuissime punctatus ; capite
et thorace fulvo-lanosis ; abdomine ovato; ore, antennarum basi et pedi-
bus rufis; clypeo flavo, apice grosse punctato, bicarinato, infra medium
nigro-bimaculato ; puncto post-oculari, maculis 2 pronoti, post-scutello
et abdominis segmentorum limbo, flavis; segmentis 1°, 2° utrinque
macula rufa; alis subinfuscatis, costa basi ferruginea; tegulisrufis. 9.
Pteroehilus aztecus Sauss. Rev. de Zool. XXII, 1870, 141, 35 9.

Total length, 16 mm. ; wing, 12 mm.

2. Mandibles large, armed with three lobiform teeth, beside
the apical point; their external sides strongly ciliated with

Sof Pterochilus §-fasciatus Say from Colo. , Cresson,
im p- 719; 1875, Oresson.

PTEROCHUILUS. A |

long hair. Labial palpi very large, strongly pectinate with long
hair.

Clypeus convex, punctate, truncate and rather bituberculate at
tip. The whole body densely punctured and clothed with woolly
ferruginous hair. Thorax globular, scutel and post-scutel parted
by a groove, anteriorly rather carinated; metathorax quite
rounded, finely strigate in the middle. Abdomen regularly
ovate, subsessile; second segment beneath with a transverse
carina at base.

Black. Mandibles and the first two joints of the antenne,
ferruginous. Clypeus yellow or ferruginous, with two black
marks below, laterally. A post-ocular line, two spots on pro-
thorax and a line on post-scutel, yellow or rufous; tegul rufous.
Abdominal segments all margined with yellow; the margins
twice notched; that of the 2d segment narrower, rather sinuous.
The 2d segment having on each side also a large rufous separate
spot, and the lst segment two similar lateral spots, but placed
on the yellow margin. Anus marked with yellow. Feet ferru-
ginous, black at base. Wings smoky; the anterior margin as far
as the stigma, ferruginous.

Var. Post-scutel with an interrupted yellow line, or black.

Ress. a. dif/.—This differs from the African species by its not
salient post-scutel, its metathorax not excavated, but small,
rounded, convex, only slightly channelled in the middle; even
its lateral ridges quite blunt. It most resembles Pt. biglumis
Sauss., but the clypeus is more convex and not notched. It
differs from Pi. mexicanus by its globular thorax, nearly ag wide
as long.

Hab. Mexico. I caught one ? near Orizaba.

4. Pt. quimque-fasciatus Say.—Niger, mandibulis emarginatis,
clypeo, antennarum seapo, prothorace, tegulis ; metanoto utrinque pedi-
busque, ferrugineis; macula subalari maculis 2 seutelli, post-scutello
et ahdominis fasciis quinque, flavis; segimentis 19, 20 utrinque macula
ferruginea.

Pt. 5-fasciatus Say, in Long’s Exp. to the sources of the St. Pet. Riv.
II, Supp. 70 (1824).—Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 248, 13; III, 323.—
Say’s Entomol. (Le Cone), I, 234.
Rhygchium 5-fasciatum Say, Bost. Journ. 1, 1857, 385.—Savss. Et. Vespid.,
I, 118.—Say’s Entomol. (Le Conrer), I, 765, 2.

Total length, 20 mm.

372 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

“®,. Head black, dilated; posterior and anterior orbits, to the
emargination of the eyes, ferruginous; hypostoma, scapus of the
antenne, and mandibles, ferruginous; flagellum black-brown ;
labial palpi testaceous, very long, ciliate with long hair, three-
jointed, terminate joint much compressed, flat, obtuse at the tip;
stethidium black; collar and wing scale ferruginous; scutel with
two large yellow spots; metathorax, with a transverse yellow
line, and at the base on each side, a Jarge ferrnginous spot; wings
a little fuliginous; pleura with a yellow spot beneath the superior
wings; feet ferrnginous; tergum black, with five broad, bright
yellow, somewhat dentated bands, the posterior one abbreviated ;
first and second segments each with a large ferruginous spot on
each side; venter black, ferruginous at its base.”

Hab. Missouri. | 7

I do not know this species. It seems to be very near to Pé.
aztecus, but with a richer coloration.

Gen. CTENOCHILUS' Sarss.
Epipona Spin.—Pterochilus Sauss.— Clenochilus Sauss. Vespid. III, 323.

Labial palpi pectinate as in Plerochilus.

Mandibles rather short, nearly obliquely truncate, strongly
indented.—Prothorax angulated.— Abdomen petiolate; the first
segment quite contracted in its whole length into a petiole as in

Eumenes.

This genus represents the petiolate Pierochilus, and it bears
the same relationship to this genus as Humenes to Odynerus.
It presents, however, this difference; the prothorax is angulated
and crested, which is not the case in Plerochilus. It has some-
what the facies of Zethus in the form of the petiole, the transverse
clypeus, the rather short mandibles (and the labial palpi, proba-
bly formed of three joints only, which I cannot verify). °

The Ctenochilus occupy an intermediate group between Zethus
and Pterochilus.

Ct. pilipalpus Sprrm.—Gracilis, capite magno, postice excavato;
clypeo transverso, apice tridentulato, fimbriato ; pronoto cristato-margi-
nato; scutellis prominulis; petiolo lineari, apice globoso-inflato ; clypeo

1 K-rels, xrevas Comb; yetros, lip. ©

ALASTOR. 313

rufo, nigro-marginato et utrinque punctulo albido; antennis rufis, apice
nigris ; pronoto, macula subalari, fascia scutelli, post-scutello, punctis
2 in summo metanoto tegulisque, luteis; petiolo apice, luteo-marginato;
abd. segmentis 29, 39 luteo-limbatis, secundo insuper basi fascia lutea;
pedibus rufis; alis ferrugineis, apice griseis, 9.—Longit. 13 mm.
Epipona pilipalpa Spinoua, in Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool., VI, 252
(1851). :
Pterochilus pilipalpus Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 247, 12, pl. xx, fig. 8.

Hab. Chili (1 ? in the Paris Museur:).

This insect is a native of Chili, and has the same sort of livery
as most of the Hypodynerus, the Gayella and Alastor from Chili;
that is, black, hirsute, with rufous feet and white fascie and
rather ferruginous wings, fuscous at tip. This livery of the
Chilian. Vespidee is one of the most characteristic to be met with
in the geographical distribution of insects.

Gen. ALASTOR Lepe.. Sr. Fare.

Alastor Ler.; Sauss.; SMITH.

The same characters as in Odynerus.—Abdomen sessile.— The
second cubital cell of the anterior wing petiolate upon the radial

cell.

The Alastors are only, so to speak, but Odyneri, in which the
2d cellule of the wing becomes petiolate. This modification can
produce itself in every section of the Odyneri; so one finds
among the Alastor some types corresponding with the Odynerus,
reproducing the same modifications of form.

The genus Alastor in effect offers, like the genus Odynerus,
types of the metathorax angulated or blunted, with ridges tren-
chant or without salient borders; types with a suture on the first
abdominal segment or without suture, and forms the most varied,
appear also in the shape of the first segment.

These insects present themselves as if forming a series parallel
to the Odyneri, of which the diverse varieties of form seem to
be almost born of similar types, taken from the series of Ody-
nerus, types which are changed by the modification of the alary
venation.

In this genus, as.in all others, one finds transitions to neigh-
boring genera. The second cubital cellule sometimes becomes

374 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. | PART i

very slightly pediculate (or even triangular), terminating toward
the radial in a point or a subpediculate point, which constitutes
an insensible passage to the Odynerus. So the Odynerus Alas-
toroides might figure indifferently in the one or the other of the
two genera.

The Alastor is met with on all the continents, but it is rare
or in all cases very much less numerous than the Odynerus. It
is in Australia that it attains its maximum development, and in
that region of our globe it appears almost to balance the Odynerus
by the number of its species. In Europe but one species is
known. .America furnishes a small number of species, but doubt-
less more will yet be collected. It is probable that the United
States possess their Alastor as well as Europe, although it has
' not yet been met with.

The species of the new continent form a peculiar type with a
form lengthened and cylindrical, recalling the Stenodynerus and
the Stenancistrocerus, but with the peculiar characteristic of
having the metathorax notably prolonged beyond the post-seutel,
and then abruptly truncate, and offering a circular concavity,
bordered by a ridge, very trenchant and of a circular form.

Subgenus ALASTOROIDES.
(Savss. Vespides, III, 327.)

First abdominal segment parted by a transverse suture.

The American species form the
Division HYPALASTOROIDES.

CSavss. Vespides, III, 328.)

Metathorax superiorly. produced behind the post-scutel ; then
truncate. Its margins sharp.

i. A. Mexicanus Savss.—Gracilis, niger, crasse punctatus; pronoto
lato, biangulato; metanoto valde rugoso, pone post-scutellum producto,
postice valde foveolato; foveole marginibus superne semicireulariter
arcuatis, acutissimis, denticulatis, marginibus inferis horizontaliter in
lamellam bilobatam productis; abdomine basi acute trumeato; pronoti
et abd. segmentorum 1i, 2! margine, sentelli margine interrupto,
metanoti canthis inferis, fasciaque tibiarum, fiavis; alis nebulosis

ALASTOR. 375

venis nigris.—%. Clypeo grosse cribrato, superne flavo, apice late
emarginato.— Vuriat: Tertio segmento flavo-marginato.

Alastor mezicanus Savuss. Revue de Zoolog., XXII. 1870, 141, 37, 2.

*,. Total length, 9 mm.; wing, 7.5 mm. (var. length, 8 mm.; wing, 6 mm.)

Body slender and cylindrical. Head rather thick. Thorax
convex, widest anteriorly, rather attenuated behind. Prothorax
having its anterior margin crested ; its angles rather spiniform.
Scutel and post-scutel quite flattened, not at all salient, continuing
the surface of the thorax, which is further continued behind the
post-scutel by the metathorax. Head and thorax densely and
coarsely cribrose. ' Metathorax narrower, quite rugosely sculp-
tured, vertically truncate; its hinder face quite excavated,
polished and sparsely punctured; its margins quite sharp, forming
superiorly a semicircle, not interrupted in the middle, trenchant
and acutely denticulate; the denticles forming a sort of erect
crest; inferior margins transverse, forming on each side a kind
of rounded lamella, having a species of tooth at its base, or
bilobed. Abdomen quite sessile, shallowly punctured, the first
segment not as wide as the second, short, sparsely truncate
anteriorly, its anterior and superior face separated by the suture,
which makes a transverse ridge, almost a crest, the second seg-
ment having its margin smooth, but this is preceded by a line of
strong impressed punctures. he following segments having
their margins smooth also, the base punctured, and the two zones
separated by a transverse impressed punctate line.

Black. A dot behind the eye, a narrow line on the anterior
margin of prothorax, an interrupted margin on the scutel, inferior
edges of metathorax, a narrow marginal fascia on segments 1-2
of the abdomen, yellow. Feet black; tibiz with a yellow line.
Wings subhyaline, smoky; nerves black; 2d cubital cell much
petiolate. Wing scales black.

Var. Smaller. Superior margin of metathorax not denticulate.
Third abd. segment marginate with yellow; the 4th with twe
lateral yellow bordering marks. Wing scales preceded and fol-
lowed by a yellow dot.—No yellow dot behind the eye.

%. Clypeus rounded, black, coarsely punctured, its inferior
border widely, but not deeply emarginate. The superior part
yellow. Antenne black, the scape with a yellow line; the hook
black,

376 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART I.

Hab. The hot parts of Mexico. 3 spy caught the type in
Pueblo Viejo, near Tampico; the variety is from Orizaba.

2. A. Brasiliemsis Sauss.—A. Mezicano affinissimus; at clypeo et
thorace immaculatis; abdominis segmentis 30-5° tenuissime flavo-
marginatis, lituris 4' et 5' interruptis; tarsis ferrugineis.

Alastor Brasiliensis Sauss. Et. Vespid. III, 329, 211, pl. xvi, fig. 1, 4

5 (1854).

Hab. Brazil.

Subgenus ALASTOR proprie dict.
(Sauss. Vespides, III, 328.)

First abdominal segment without transverse suture.

The American species form the

Division HYPALASTOR.
(Savss. Vespid. III, 328.)

Form slender and cylindrical. Metathorax superiorly pro-
duced behind the post-scutel, then truncate; its margins
sharp. (A group quite corresponding to Hypalastoroides.)

‘S. A. amguiicollis Spryx.—Niger; pronoti margine antico, macula
subalari, tegulis, fascia scutelli, margine postico abdominis segmentorum
li, 2', luteis; antennis pedibusque ferrugineis, his basi nigris; alis fer-
rugineis, apice griseis.—Long. 11 mm.
Q. Clypeo nigro, antennarum scapo nigro, flagello superne conapeEIIE
—%,. Clypeo luteo; scapo rufo superne puncto obscuro.

Odynerus angulicollis Spixou. in Gay’s Hist. fis. de Chile, Zool., VI, 261,
7 (1851).
Alastor angulicollis Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 258, 14, pl. xxi, fig. 7, 4.

Hab. Chili.

4. A.melanosoma Savss.—Omnino ater, gracilis, cylindricus ; elypeo
? grosse punctato, apice /ate subexciso,subbidentato; capite et thorace
grosse punctatis ; thorace antice latiore, pronoto biangulato, in margine
antico et in lateribus marginato, metanoto valde rugoso, coaretato, valde
pone post-scutellum producto; postice valde foveolato; margine cireu-
Jari acutissimo superne fisso; margine infero bidentato (seu quadri-
dentato) ; abdomine antice acute truncato. ,

Alastor melanosoma Sauss. Et. Vespid. I, 259,15, pl. xxi, fig. 2, 9 (1852).

Total length, 14 mm.; wing, 10 mm.

ALASTOR. STL

Form slender and cylindrical. Forehead rather tumefied,
parted by an obsolete groove; between the antenne a vertical
carina. Thorax much arched above, anteriorly. Prothorax
rather concavely cut anteriorly, its margin hemmed; the hem
forming a right angle on each side, along the lateral margin; the
angles lamellate, inferiorly excavated. Scutel flattened, included
behind by the metathorax, which is narrower than the rest of
thorax, cylindrical or rather truncate-conical, being slightly
narrowed posteriorly, much produced behind the post-scutel and
sharply truncate vertically, and parted by a groove superiorly.
Its posterior face circular, strongly, spherically excavated, smooth
and finely punctured, parted by a fine groove; its superior and
lateral margins forming together a sharp edge in the form of a
very regular circle, not complete inferiorly and notched superiorly
by a fissure; this sharp circular edge slightly reflexed in a sort
of crest, but not crenulate; the inferior margins oblique, making
by their conjunction with the circular margin on each side a
lateral tooth, often notched so as to form a second inferior angle.’

Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, quite sessile. First segment a
little narrower than the second, rather elongate, very sharply
truncate anteriorly, fitting into the concavity of the metathorax.

Head and thorax coarsely punctured; the metathorax very
coarsely; abdomen quite finely and shallowly punctured; the
‘second segment quite obsoletely channelled near its posterior
margin, but not rugose.

Quite black; feet rather silky with fulvous reflections. Wings
black, violaceous.

?. Clypeus polished, very coarsely cribrose, widely emarginate
at the extremity, rather bidentate; the teeth subcarinate.

Ress. a. diff.— Very closely allied to A.singularis.

Hab. Brazil (type in the author’s collection).

Observation.—lI first characterized this species as having its
metathorax quadridentate, but the teeth in the lower part of
metathorax are often obsolete, so that it is sometimes only
bidentate.

o A. Simgularis Savss.—Niger, capite et thorace crasse punctatis;
A. melanosome aflfinissimus, at clypeo 9 latiore quam longiore, apice
truncato, haud emarginato; metanoti cantho acuto, orbiculari, infra

1 Notched on one side and not on the other, in one specimen.

378 HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA. [PART 1

utringue dente spiniformi armato, supra vix fisso, subdeuticulato;
abdominis primo segmento tenuissime flavo-marginato; tarsis rufis;
alis infuscatis, costa obscuriore.

Alastor singularis Sauss. Vespides, I, 259, 16, 9 (1852).

Total length, 12 mm.; wing, 9 mm.

Closely allied to A. melanosoma; having the same form, but
yet differing by the following characters :—

Head much swelled behind the eyes. The forehead not so
convex, nor parted by a groove; no high carina between the
antenne, but rather an obsolete transverse wrinkle over their
base. Metathorax not quite so rough; its circular ridges making
nearly three-quarters of a circle; a little crenulate superiorly; its
inferior ridges straight, forming, at the meeting of the circular
ridge on each side, a distinct spine.

Black; first abdominal segment narrowly eee with yellow
or futons. Tarsi ferruginous. Wings washed with fuscous;
dark along the anterior margin, transparent, smoky posteriorly ;
the reflection more golden than violet.

Var. Second abdominal segment with a narrow submarginal
yellow line, anterior margin of pronotum with a very narrow
yellow margin (Rio).

2. Clypeus rather transverse, nearly lozenge-shaped, more
coarsely punctured, its apical margin truncate, not emarginate.

Hab. Brazil (1 2 in my collection).

Gen. SMETHIA Saoss.
(Revue Zool. VIi, 1855, 371:)

Abdomen petiolate; the first segment contracted in its whole
length into a linear petiole.—Second cudital cell of the wing

petiolate. (Forms slender; thorax elongate.)

This genus is formed from the petiolate Alastor. It bears thy
same relation to Alastor as Humenes to Odynerus, as Ctenochilus
to Pterochilus. :

The only known species, Sm. natalensis Sauss, is from South
Africa. The existence of this type in America has not yet been
pointed out. I mention it here only to complete the classifica-
tion of the solitary wasps.

—

AEP END AX.

SPECIES DUBIZE.

THE following species I cannot discover, and it is very doubtful
if they are solitary wasps.

i. Eumenes atrata Fasr. Syst. Piez., 287, 12.—America meridio-
nalis.

If this species has the same form as &. arcuatus, to which
Fabr. alludes, it may be the black variety of this from India,
but Fabr. says; ‘“primo segmento infundibuliformi,” which is
in entire contradiction with “forte mera varietas” of EL. arcuatus.
—It may be 9 Montezumia; M. mortuorum? or some allied

species. ‘The color of the wings is not given.
2. Eumenes formicaria Fasr. Syst. Piez., 288, 15.—Amer. merid.

This may be a Montezumia or a Polistes.

3S Vespa emarginata Gmeu. Ed. Linn., 2759, 26.—Mvuetuer Ed.
Linn. Ins., II, 886, 26.—Clypeus emarginatus. Abdomen nigrum, petiolo
utrinque dente instructo.—America—(Eumenes ?).

4 WV. cimeraceus Fasr. Syst. Piez., 260, 37.—America (? Alastor
melanosoma ??) :

5. V. atrata Fasr. Syst. Piez. 260, 36.—Americe insulis (a male),
seems allied to Alastor melanosoma, but with hyaline wings.—J/onte-
cumia ?

6. V. Dimotata Fasr. Syst. Piez., 266, 71.—America meridionalis.
Has some similarity to Odynerus erypticus Say.

“ZY. V. dwdala Licurenstein, C. M. H. 203, n. 173—Wessr. Observ.
Entom., 103, 8.—Nigra, odynero parietum paulo major; thoracis mar-
gine liturisque basi coeuntibus flavis ; scutello flavo; abdomine cingulis
5 flavis; alis albis venis margineque antico fuscis.—America.

(379 )

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ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

abdominalis, 106
Acolhuus, 352
adiabatus, 171
advena, 211
Alastor, 373
Atastor, 376
ALASTOROIDES, 374
alastoroides, 211
albocinetus, 224
albomarginatus, 154
albophaleratus, 167
albopictus, 43
Alvaradi, 268
Alvarado, 269
ambiguus, 162
americana, 4
americanus, 103
ammonia, 199
analis, 119
anceps, 124

anceps, 125
ANCISTROCERUS, 157

ANCISTROCEROIDES, 211

angulicollis, 376
augulosa, 134
annectens, 272
annulatum, 273
annulatus, 273
anomala, 132
anorme, 318
anormis, 318
ANTEPIPONUS, 361
AntTEzuMIA, 113
Antucensis, 225
Antuco, 226
apicalipennis, 137
apicalis, 279
Araucanus, 310
arcuatus, 219
argentinus, 236
arietis, 19
Arist, 188
arvensis, 270
ater, 65

atra, 65

atrata, 379
attenuata, 106
attenuatus, 106
auratus, 62
auratus, 233
auropilosus, 102
auropilosa, 102
aurulens, 48
aurulentus, 48
aviculus, 73
Azteca, 125
Aztecus, 36, 93, 192, 370
azureipennis, 117
azurescens, 117

bacu, 321
bacuensis, 321
balteatum, 257
Bairdi, 273
Bellone, 193
biangulata, 135
bicolor, 29

bidens, 267
biglumis, 39
binodis, 54
binodis, 20
binotata, 379
birenimaculatus, 175
blandus, 289
Boscii, 255
brachygaster, 238
Brasilianus, 79
Brasiliensis, 127, 376
Brasiliensis, 16
Bravo, 205
brevithorax, 231
brevithorax, 233
brunea, 114
Bustamenti, 172
Bustillost, 162

crerulea, 117
cxruleopennis, 16

082

Californica, 129
Calitornicus, 243
Calligaster, 17
callimorpha, 83
campanulata, 83
campestris, 183
Canadensis, 156
canaliculata, 107 |
eanaliculatus, 107
capra, 163
carbonarius, 17
carinatus, 44
carinulata, 128
carinulatus, 128
castigatus, 255
Catepetlensis, 338
Catskillensis, 168
Cautskilli, 168
cervus, 160
chalicodome, 108
chalybea, 113
chalybeus, 17
Chicimechus, 358
Chicoteneatl, 51
chilensis, 59, 224
Chiliotus, 226
chrysopterus, 38
chrysothorax, 63
cincta-nigra, 133
cinerascens, 38
cineraceus, 379
cingulata, 82
cingulatus, 82, 179
cingulatus, 79
Clarazianus, 173
cluniculus, 297
clypearis, 34
coarctatus, 221
collega, 320
Colocolo. 220
colona, 106
columbaris, 346
compressa, 105
compressus, 105
conformis, 315
vonsobrinus, 100
consors, 261
conspicuus, 177
Coquimbensis, 225
cordove, 264
Cortesia, 119
Cortesiana, 119
coyotus, 345
Cressonianus, 90
cristatus, 156
crypticum, 276
crypticus, 276

INDEX.

Ctenochilus, 372
| Cubensis, 102, 242
cyanipennis, 17, 131

dedalea, 379
dedaleus, 160
debilis, 155
dejectus, 204
denticulatus, 362
diabolicus, 244
diadema, 107
dicomboda, 50
didymogaster, 55
DipymocastrRa, 45
| dilectus, 363

| dimidiata, 119

| disccelioides, 39
Disccelius, 58
dorsale, 143
dorsale, 257
dorsalis, 257
dubius, 44

egregia, 138 ,
elegans, 313
emarginata, 379
Enyo, 313
Epipona, 360, 372
Epiponus, 360, 363
Erinny=, 245
Erinnys, 4
Eumenes, 59
eumenoides, 13
excipiend., 220
excipiendus, 220

‘| extensa, 106 ©

fallax, 367
Farias, 195
Fariasi, 195

fasciculatus, 330

fastidiosusculus, 171
ferruginea, 123
| ferruginca, 98
ferrugineus, 38, 98
Servens, 95
figulus, 331
filiformis, 109
flavicornis, 94
flavipes, 201
| flavopictus, 293
foraminatus, 285
formicaria, 379
formosus, 278
fraterna, 95
fraternus, 20, 95
fulvipes, 201

Jusea, 55
Suscipes, 323
fuscus, 55

Gayella, 13
Gayi, 240
geniculata, 50
geniculatus, 50
Ghilianii, 95, 121
gigas, 17
globicollis, 69
ylobulosns, Lui
gracilis, 44
guadulpensis, 238
Guatemotzin, 40
Guerreri, 294
Guzmani, 206

Heros, 17

heros, 17

Heydeni, 23

Hidalgi, 252
Hilarianus, 50
hirsutulus, 227

histrio, 199
Hoplomerus, 360
Hoplopus, 360
Huasteca, 115
Huastecus, 340
humeralis, 223

Huro, 351
Hypauastor, 376
HyPALASTOROIDES, 374
HYPANCISTROCERUS, 210
Hypopynerus, 212, 213

imitator, 33
Inca, 335
incertus, 84
incommodus, 198
indica, 128
infernalis, 86
infernalis, 120

infundibuliformis, 118°

intermedia, 139
intermedius, 139
Iturbide, 98
Iturbidi, 205

Jurinei, 22
Kennicotianus, 325
labiatus, 222
Labus, 56
Lachesis, 22:

levinodus, 44
- levis, 79

INDEX. 383

La Plate, 240
Leionotus, 212
Leprieurii, 116
Leptochilus, 366
leucomelas, 287
Lewisii, 368
lobulatus, 27
Louisianum, 257
luctuosus, 311
lugubris, 17

macrocephala, 127
macrops, 95
magnus, 16
marginalis, 10
marginicollis, 223
Marthe, 124
Masaris, 4
MASARINA, 3
Maya, 338
Maypinus, 227
Mayus, 338 .
Megera, 283
melanosoma, 376
merula, 59
Merazumia, 114
Matzicatzin, 48
Mexicana, 122
Mexicana, 17
Mexicanus, 75, 369, 374
microgaster, 54
microscopica 82
microscopicus, 82
miles, 85
miniatus, 17
minuta, 81. 95
minutus, 81
miscogaster, 54
Mohicanus, 352
molestus, 290
Moline, 222
Molinius, 222
Monobia, 129
Montezuma, 40
Montezumia, 110
Montezomia, 117
Morelii, 299
Morelus, 299

| morosa, 124
mortuorum, 119
Mystecus, 336

Nahuus, 355
nasidens,
niger, 55
nigriceps, 118
/nigricornis, 22
| Nigripennis, 136

bo
~~
be

384

Nortonia, 159
Nortonianus, 88, 333
Novare, 81

obliquus, 197
obscura, 64
obscuripennis, 225
obscurus, 64
occidentalis, 207
oculatus, 318
ODYNERINGA, 11
Odynerites, 59
Odynerus, 143
Opynerus, 212, 247
olivaceus, 64 9
Olmecus, 25, 95, 3&6
Oplomerus, 360
Oplopus, 360
Orbignyi, 108
ornatus, 106
ornatus, 367
Otomitus, 37, 342

PAcHoDYNERUS, 213, 228
PACHYMENES, 60
pallidus, 44
pallipes, 63
Paraensis, 208
Parazumia, 127
Parredes, 18C
Parredesi, 180
parvulus, 41, 82
pedestris, 322
pelagica, 116
Pensylvanica, 29
Pennsylvanicus, 327
perennis, 328
persecutor, 318
pertinax, 160
peruensis, 237
petiolata, 113
Peyroti, 345
Philadelphia, 153
picta, 106
pilipalpa, 373
pilipalpus, 372
pilosus, 187
piriformis, 20
placidus, 101
Platinia, 125
Poeyi, 45
precox, 240
pratensis, 292
proctus, 260
productus, 365
propinguus, 326
proximus, 323

INDEX.

| pruinosus, 351
PsEupDozumia, 128
Pterochilus, 368 _
Pterochilus, 360, 372
pulchellus, 59
pumilus, 156
pusillus, 82

quadridens, 132
quadrisectus, 193
quinque-fasciatum, 371
quinque-fasciatus, 371

recurvirostris, 17
regulus, 70
Rhynchium, 142
Rygchium, 142
Romandinus, 47, 296
rubritarsis, 117
ruficollis, 226
rufidentata, 118
rufinoda, 19
rufinodus, 19, 365
rufipes, 117
rugosus, 285°

secularis, 202
Santa-Anna, 171 ©
Santa-Anna, 66
Santa-Anne, 171
scabriusculus, 198
sculpturalis, 44
scutellaris, 262
sepulchralis, 119
sericea, 62

sericeus, 62
Sichelianus, 57
silvatica, 132
similis, 344
simplicicornis, 235
simulans, 91
singularis, 377
Smithia, 378
Smithii, 55, 104
sobrinus, 340
spectabilis, 278
spinifer, 309
spinipes, 29
Spinole, 59, 119, 165
spinosus, 31
STENANCISTROCERUS, 189
STENODYNERUS, 213, 301
strigosus, 42
subpetiolatus, 220
substricta, 29
sulfureus, 276
Sumichrasti, 78, 209

Sutterianus, 186
sylvatica, 257
Sylveire, 173
symmorpha, 139
Symmorphus, 15i
symmorphus, 139

Tacubaye, 349
Tapiensis, 218
Tarabucensis, 224
tepanecus, 359
Texensis, 329
Thoas, 319
thoracicus, 74
tibialis, 241

tigris, 160
Tisiphone, 366
Toas, 318

Tolteca, 140
Toltecus, 27, 316
Totonacus, 72, 347
Trimeria, 4
tuberculatus, 221
tuberculiceps, 184
tuberculiventris, 221
tuberculocephalus, 185
tubulifer, 53
turpis, 281

uncinata, 133
uncinatus, 133, 181

25

INDEX.

unifasciatus, 181
Uruguyensis, 100

vagus, 314
variabilis, 137
variegautus, 29
ventricosa, 67
ventricosus, 67
versicolor, 106
VESPIDGZ, 1
vespiformis, 227
vespoides, 5
vestitus, 223
Victoria, 334
Victorie, 334
villosus, 225

Walshianus, 152
Wagnerianus, 94
Westwoodi, 21

Xantianus, 324
Xantianus, 324

Zendalus, 53, 354
Zethites, 13
Zethus, 13
Zetuus, 16
ZeTHUscoULUS, 18
zonalis, 8
zonatus, 239

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Zethus (Zethusculus) Aztecus Sauss., 4.
la. Its head % enlarged.

Fig. 2. Zethus (Zethusculus) spinosus Sauss., 9.
2a. Its abdomen enlarged.

Fig. 3. Zethus (Zethusculus) Montezuma Sauss., Q.
3a. Its head 9 enlarged.

Fig. 4. Zethus (Didymogastra) Poeyi Sauss., >.
4a. Its head 4 enlarged.

Fig. 5. Zethus (Didymogastra) Chicotencatl Sauss., >.
5a. Its abdomen enlarged, profile.

Fig. 6. Eumenes (Pachymenes) Santa-Anna Sauss., 2.
6a. Its head 9 enlarged.
Obs. By error this figure is marked 4 on the plate.

Fig. 7. Kumenes reguilus Sauss., Q. (Div. O.)
7a. Its head % enlarged.’
7b. The profile enlarged.

Fig. 8. Eumenes Mexicanus Sauss.,9. (Div. 0.)
8a. Its head 9 enlarged.

( 386 )

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL.

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g.9. Montezumia Huasteca Sauss., %.
9a. Its head 9 enlarged.

Fig. 10. Montezumia Azteca Sauss., 4.
10a. Its head % enlarged.

Fig. 11. Montezumia Mexicana Sauss., 9.

Fig. 12. Monobia biangulata Sauss., 2.
12a. Its head 9 enlarged.

Fig. 13. Nortonia Teolteca Sauss., 9.
13a. Its head 9 enlarged.

( 388 )

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL.

. 14. Od¥nerus bidems Sauss., % , var.

14a. Its head % enlarged.

dD Odynerus Iturbidi Sauss., 4%.

l5a. Its head % enlarged.

16. Odymerus arvensis Sauss., 9.
l6a. Its clypeus 9 enlarged.

17. Odynerus Californicus Sauss., 9.
17a. Its clypeus 9 enlarged.

18. Odynerus sulfureus Sauss., O.
18a. Its head 9 enlarged. |

19. Odymerus leucomelas Sauss., 2.
19a. Its head ? enlarged.

( 390 )

Omeritecaw Ves pron

OPYNERUS

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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IY.

ig. 20. Labus Sicheliamus Sauss., 2.

20a. Its head enlarged.

g. 21. Odynerus Otomiitus Suuss., 2.

. 22, Odymerus (Stenedynerus) pedestris Sauss., 9.

22a. Its clypeus enlarged.

. 23. Odymerus Totonacus Sauss., >.

. 24. Odymerus Zendalus Sauss., 2.

24a. Its clypeus enlarged.

. 25. Odynerus (Stenodynerus) perennis Sauss., 9.
. 26. Odymerus coyotus Sauss., 4.
ig. 27. Odymerus Tacubay@ Sauss., 4.

. 28. Odymerus bacuensis Suuss., 4.

28a. Its head % enlarged.

ig. 29. Odynerus (Epiponus) dilectus Sauss., %.

29a. Its clypeus % enlarged.

ig. 30. Odynerus (Epiponus) denticulatus Sauss., 4.

30a. Its clypeus % enlarged.

fig. 31. Pterechilus mexicanus Sauss., 9.

3la. Its clypeus 9 enlarged.

(392)

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