te eat ‘al Haunts quartet i i a Bt erosaa tit aeataht ait wii at f) Retin a ie fh a aie a ty 1th te Abit i rh HH tisha Ceol 2 thet is fut ihe tt _. ita vin ee i ae ae fa hs tlete sti ae oo any He ih a. iG hy iati i A att Bi {aie Wee 1S atta He ty ecu ata ah Thins aay tate at alate Pas is ee qa o Ha i i hae tits 7 ; if abt a i ie . Sui oes: aes =e ae DEES es #5 Bae ioseseres = lei ee tease Sasera Saas! seid: iti ( it si Bai aaa sn a a Hi not ie Hie a3) hos i sh ee Hit) aia a See =a Pte Bat Foo = ores. 34 me ae na crue SPesSiis Saag hiss oi ity ae Bei in te Fe i v3 Ni . ae Ay ay ati pasar Be cs Shee ‘ ae tat its ait no De Hy He ae ih ae ig iit He rae oe aees sii ei a z fas Hid Hi % Ea Pl - ase ae it : mt ¥ rH vigiiegi inde Lapa Ha pie ss aie pit roots William Healey Dall Division of Mollusks Sectional Library k-2--A LEA Division of Mollusks Sectional Librory ah ror EE ; y SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY UNIONID. BY ISAAC LEA, LL.D. VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 5 LATE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA ; MEMBER OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, ETC. ETC. FOURTH EDITION, VERY GREATLY ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. PHILADELPHIA: 16t Jm INT 1 0% (Oy 1 1H} AN 1870. PHILADELPHIA: ‘ 4 ri COLLINS, PRINTER. EN: eh test eae ea IGG) HOA eS Me De LATE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, ETC. My VERY DEAR FRIEND:— I have already dedicated one of my volumes of Observations on the Genus Unio to you; still, as this is the most important of all my works, I cannot resist the inclination to offer it to you, who have been my lifelong companion, associate, and friend. For over fifty years we have been united in labors to promote the cause of Science, by the ties of friendship and the congeniality of tastes and pursuits. In my particular branch you have always aided me by your sympathy and advice. All medical men know what eminent services you have rendered in the advancement of the healing art. These are claims which induce me to ask you to accept this, the fourth edition of my Synopsis, which is almost a new work. Always your constant and sincere friend, ISAAC LEA. “ ut Th PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION. Ir is now eighteen years since the last edition of this “Synopsis” was published. The advancement of the knowledge of Natural History has been accelerated during that period by the labors of many men of science, the younger of whom haye embraced the study with great earnestness and energy. ‘The effect of this progress has been felt very sensibly in that interesting group of Mollusca which embraces the Family Unionide. Consequently the additions of species and synonyms have been largely increased, resulting, in fact, in more than doubling the lists of the last edition. The labor required for this portion of the work has been very great. The same principles of arrangement of the tabular system which were used in the previous editions have been retained in this. After the experience of thirty-four years since the first edition was issued, I have had no reason to believe that any better arrangement could be devised in the present state of our knowledge. The tables have therefore been extended to the present time, and have been so much en- larged with new matter as almost to entitle the work to be considered a new one. This has been done with a faithful desire to recognize every fellow-laborer in this group, and to render to each one full justice. Some may have been omitted, for want of access to their works—none intentionally. The present edition is greatly improved and enlarged by additions to the geo- graphical distribution tables, and by the habitat of each of the species; and the Index referring to the tables of species and synonymy has had the exact references fully made to the works where they were originally announced. These two very important additions to the previous editions will facilitate the use of reference to all the works on the subject which this “Synopsis” embraces. B vi PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION. These tables were originally made for my own use. Subsequently I was induced to print them, and they have now expanded toa large volume. With all the care which has been bestowed on them, I do not present them as a perfect and complete work, and I trust that any omissions and errors may be pointed out to me. The Bibliographical List of the Unconzde at the end of the volume will surprise the general student by its enormous extent, comprising, as it does, about eleven hundred references, and yet I am perfectly aware that many works will be found to exist which have never come under my notice. PHILADELPHIA, June, 1870. CO Ne Eons: Corrigenda et Addenda SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY UNIONID Division of the Family Unionidee Genus Margaron’ Subgenus Triquetra Subgenus Prisodon Subgenus Unio. Subgenus Margaritana Subgenus Plagiodon . Subgenus Monocondylea . Subgenus Dipsas Subgenus Anodonta . Subgenus Columba Subgenus Byssanodonta Genus Platiris . 5 Subgenus Iridina Subgenus Spatha . Subgenus Mycetopus ; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE Sema OF THE Rane Tienonmn Genus Margaron . Subgenus Triquetra Subgenus Prisodon . Subgenus Unio Subgenus Margaritana Subgenus Plagiodon . Subgenus Monocondylea . Subgenus Dipsas . 9 Subgenus Anodonta . Subgenus Columba Subgenus Byssanodonta Genus Platiris . : Subgenus IJridina Subgenus Spatha Subgenus Mycetopus Index of Species . 6 : Alphabetical List of Works Tefen ring o ie Unionide i in this Sarai F Chronological Bibliography of the Unionidee Appendix PAGE viii ix . XXVi 25 25 27 xiii., 28 67 71 72 74 75 86 87 88 88 89 90 93 93 93 93 93 103 104 104 104 104 107 107 108 108 108 108 109 149 157 183 PaGE 25 27 QT LINE 20 14 11 14 BD Ww ew CORRIGENDA ET ADDENDA. add Triquetra obliqua. Adams. and in note, for Crossiana read Orossetana. insert below Dupret, Castalia Dupret. Recluz as a synonym. under delphinus insert as syn. Hyrta delphi- nus, Trosch. for Vondembushiana read Vondembuschiana. for Nyassensis read Nyassaensis. for crespisulcatus read cripisculatus. in 2d column, insert NODULOUS. for Grundlachi read Gundlachi. for Demararaensis read Demeraraensis. for habetetus read hebetatus. after favidens insert asa synonym JU, triros- tris. Reeve. for caridiacea read cardiacea. last line in first column, add Sumatrensis.” Dunk. for turdigulus read turgidulus. place Con. before Han. for Lea read Con. after tenerus add tenebrosus, Con. as a syn- onym. 2 add delumbis, Con. as a synonym to modio- liformis, Lea. for Blan. read Lea. insert Bourg. before Parr. insert rasus, Lea, after Mosulensis, Lea. for Vandembuschiana read Yondembuschi- ana. for legubris read lugubris. Pace Ling 62 17 63 18 64 12 64 13 64 22 65 5 65 12 65 15 66 19 66 27 val 4 72 11 72 6 72 3 75 16 76 2 78 22 81 21 84 17 84 15 84 32 & 33 118 42 121 43 150 5 105 & 106 for Laonensis read Laosensis. for Dumbo read Dumbezx. strike out U. Pugio. Ben. Reeve. for Terheri read Zeyheri. strike out Schwerzenbachii. Bourg. for aqualina read aqualinus. for Bronn. read Goldfuss. for Bronn. read Sowerby. for tumulatis read tumulatus. transfer Unio Vere-Pacis to page 64. under isocardioides Lea, place Unio isocar- dioides Reeve. for Monge read (Monoc.) for Salmeniania read Salweniana. for Mechonti read Michonit. for Math. read Meth. after cygnea insert Lin. under An. MeNielii place An. Anth. for Napotalensis read Nopalatensis, for Leotandi read Leotaudi. for opilina Aust read opalina. for Kiust. read Kutschig. after Vid. insert Fauna Dalmatiens by Frauenfeld in Zool. bot. Vereins 1856. for Drap read Dup. and for 41 read 65. for Chirriet read Cirrhipes. A. atrovirens and cornea, Nicaragua. In- adyertently put in So. Am. list instead of No. Am. opalina SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF UNIONIDA. Some students of the Mollusca have treated the Family Unionide as of little importance or interest. This has evidently arisen from the fact that they are com- mon and generally not attractive to the eye as the marine species are. But when we consider that over 1000 books and papers are inserted in the list herein presented, we must acknowledge that most of the best writers on Malacology have given space and attention to the importance of the subject. Deshayes very properly remarks : “Aussi il est peu de genres dans le grand ensemble des Mollusques qui ait été plus fréquemment mentionné que celui-ci.”* _ And Swainson in his Malacology very properly remarks that “The Unionide, of all the groups of Diruyria (Conchifera), is that which contains the greatest modifi- cations of form; insomuch that it becomes almost impossible, in some of its minor divisions, to determine which are species and which varieties,” &ce.—P. 290. The following table of arrangement and synonymy was undertaken purely with the view, and in the hope of clearing away the difficulties which had encumbered one of the most interesting families of the Mollusca. In this attempt I met, while pursuing the task, with obstructions and difficulties which I little anticipated at its commencement. The want of some of the books of reference, and the confusion which reigned throughout many of them, sometimes presented obstacles which seemed almost insurmountable. The extensive and admirable library of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has greatly aided me in this and the previous editions. In attempting to establish the synonymy, I have endeayored to render the strictest justice, and if, in any case, it be found that I have failed to do this, it will be a matter of sincere regret. All corrections will be gratefully acknowledged. 1 Traité Llémentaire, T. xi. p. 195. xX SYNOPSIS OF In the following tables there will be found in the Family, 1069 recent species as admitted, 224 unknown to me or doubtful, and 183 fossil; in all 1476; and the synonymy according to my views is enormous, being 891. Of the subgenus Zriquetra (Klein),' there are 4 species and 25 synonyms. Of the subgenus Prisodon (Schumacher),’ 3 species and 13 synonyms. Of the subgenus Unio (feetzius), there are 833 species in a recent state and 501 synonyms. In addition there are 141 which I have not been able to admit as certain; of fossil species 169. Of the subgenus Margaritana (Schumacher), there are 29 admitted species, and 6 which are unknown to me. ‘There are 66 synonyms. Of the subgenus Plagiodon (Lea), there is 1 species. Of the subgenus Monocondylea (D’ Orbigny), there are 26 species, and 4 un- known tome. There are 27 synonyms. Of the subgenus Dipsas (Leach), I know of but 2 species, both of which are recent. There are 20 synonyms. Of the subgenus Anodonta (Cuvier), there are 148 admitted species, and 68 which are unknown tome. Of fossil species there are 14. Of synonyms there are ee Of the subgenus Columba (Lea), there are 2 species, and 15 synonyms. Of the subgenus Byssanodonta (.D’ Orbigny), 1 species. Of the subgenus Jridina (Lamarck), there are 4 species, and 3 unknown to me.* There are 6 synonyms. Of the subgenus Spatha (Lea), there are 9 species, all recent, and 2 unknown tome. There are 22 synonyms. Of the subgenus Mycetopus (D’ Orbigny), there are 8 species, and 8 synonyms. Most of the distinguished authors who have written on the subject of the division of this Family, have acknowledged the extreme difficulty they have encountered in separating it into natural groups. This difficulty is not peculiar to the Unionide. In most of the Families where a great number of species has been observed, we find 1 Tentamen Methodi, 1753. 2 Nouveau Systeme, 1817. >To Anodonta cygnea alone I make 106 synonyms, and I believe that many in my doubtful list will be found to be mere synonyms to this prolific species, which has been a mine to ambitious species makers. 4 Mr. Gray, in his List of Genera, Pro. Zool. Soc., 1847, gives priority to Scopoli, Intro. ad Hist. Nat., 1777, under the name of Mutela. Scopoli adopts Adanson’s name of JJutel, and adds the a to it. THE FAMILY OF UNIONIDS. el these species so merging, and, in some of their characters, so fading away into each other, that we scarcely know how—indeed, in some instances it is impossible—to make the separation with precision. ‘Natura non facit saltum.” A writer in the Edinburgh Review, No. 212, p. 494, says some German and French botanists “content themselves with calling species any collection of individuals which resemble each other more than they do any other set of individuals, without any limitation to the degree of resemblance or difference which shall determine whether they belong to the same or distinct species.” “But the more rational definition adopted in substance by all the great masters of the science of the present day is that of ‘a collection of individuals which, by their resemblance to each other, or by other circumstances, we are induced to believe are all descended or may have descended from one indiyidual or pair of individuals.’ The various modifications of this definition enumerated by De Candolle consist chiefly in the more or less detailed enumeration of the other circumstances, such as hereditary constancy of character, facility of intermixture of breeds,” &c. In the vegetable kingdom, the same obstructions to a system are encountered. The observations of Lindley’ are so just and philosophic, that I cannot refrain from quoting them here :— “Species are created by Nature herself, and remain always the same, in whatever manner they may be combined: they form the basis of all classification, and are the only part of it which can be considered absolute. For although, in a natural system, all other combinations—whether genera, tribes, orders, or by whatever name they may be known—comprehend species agreeing much more with each other than with anything else, and haying a positive general resemblance in the majority of their features, yet no fixed limits can be assigned to any of them; on the contrary, they pass, by means of various intermediate species, into the other genera, tribes, orders, &c., to which they are most nearly allied. For this reason, viz., that no fixed limits can be assigned to orders, genera, &c., we find the ideas about them fluctuating with the degree of our knowledge; which is the true cause of those changes in the limits of genera, &c., which persons unacquainted with the subject are apt to consider arbitrary, but which, in skilful hands, are dependent upon a progressive advance in the knowledge of science.” Linnzeus defines species thus: “Species tot sunt quot diversas formas ab initio produxit Infinitum Ens; que forme secundum generationis inditas leges, produxere plures, at sibi semper similes.”— Phil. Bot., 99, 157. 1 See Introd. to Botany, p. 307. xil SYNOPSIS OF According to St. Hilaire a species is a collection or succession of individuals characterized by a combination of distinctive features, the transmission of which is natural, regular, and indefinite in the existing order of things.” MM. Ray and Drouet (Revue et Mag. de Zoologie, 1849) give their views of what forms a species in the following terms: “ Généralement on entend, par se mot (espéce), un type d’organisation de forme et d’activité, rigoureusement déterminé, qui se perpétue suecessivement par génération directe et d’une maniére indéfinie avec la méme constance de caractéres.”” Milne Edwards’s definition of species, I think, is less clear. He says: “On donne le nom d’espéce a la réunion des individus, qui se reproduisent entre eux avec les mémes propriétes essentielles.” Cuvier considered that the fact of the succession and of the constant succession, constituted alone the validity of the species. Dr. Morton comprised his view of species as “a primordial organic form.” Neither of these definitions fulfils my own idea of what forms a species. It seems to me that a species must be considered to be a primary established law, stamped with a persistent form (a type), pertaining solely to itself, with the power of suc- cessively reproducing the same form and none other. Blainville, in his Manuel de Malacologie, divides the Unionidae (his Sub-Mytilacea) into Anodonta and Unio, but thinks that species will be found which will make these to be united.’ Dana® says “a species corresponds to a specific amount or condition of concentred Sorce, defined in the act or law of creation.” Sowerby says: “The difficulty of ascertaining to which genus of Lamarckian Naiades certain species belong, arises from the very general similarity of form,” &e. ; “in fact, an examination of a sufficient number of species will prove that no depend- ence can be placed upon the characters by which authors usually attempt to discrim- inate between these genera, and that the transition from one to another is so gradual in some instances, and so strongly marked in others, that it is not surprising that authors, who, having only met with certain species, and not being aware of such intermediate links, should have considered them as the types of new genera.” And further: “We think we have already said enough to prove that, unless it be thought 1M. Drouet, in his Ltudes sur les Nayades de la France, 1854, has given valuable observations on the anatomy, function, diagnosis, &c. of Anodonta. * See page 540. * Thoughts on Species.. Am. Jl. of Science, 1857. * Zool. Journ., vol. i. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID&. X1li wise to elevate each of the peculiar sorts we have mentioned, and many more, into distinct genera, it will be positively necessary to unite them altogether under one generic appellation.” Deshayes, in his edition of Lamarck’s Animaux sans Vertebres, says it is impos- sible to separate the genera of the Unionidw. “ Nous pourrions prendre pour exemple celui des genres qui est consideré comme l’un des mieux caractérisés. Le genre Symphynote (Lea) est fondé sur ce caractére remarquable que les deux valves sont soudées entre elles le long du bord supérieur,” etc. “Nous concluons que tout ce grand ensemble ne peut et ne doit former qu’un seul genre constituant a lui seul la famille des Nayades.”" In his admirable work Traité Hlémentaire de Conchyliologve, not yet finished, he continues to consider that his twenty-fifth Family, Nayades, is filled by one genus, viz., Unio of Retzius. He makes, however, four divisions, which, he says,’ “différe a peine de celle de M. Lea.” Unto Unio § A. Symphynotes. ‘( Hyria | B. Non-symphynotes. : A. Hspeces symphynotes. Margar Pe Maren Genre Eierocsiana B. Hspéces non-symphynotes. Unio, Retzius |Dipsas : Symphynotes. Mycetopus Dapacionis eee. ae ae eee lean . Hspeces non-symphynotes. Tt might be expected that some attempt of the application of M’Leay’s cireular system should be made in regard to this family. Swainson says that “the progres- sion of every natural series is in acirele.”’ In my attempts to verify this, I have 1 Vol. vi. p. 526.—I shall be excused in taking this opportunity to correct an erroneous impression on the mind of M. Deshayes. He says that I was not able to examine the collection of the Museum of Paris. ‘ Maleré cette imperfection qwil ne pouvait empécher, le travail de M. Lea se recommende a Vattention des naturalistes par ces observations judicieuses, des descriptions exactes,” etc. It would be strange, indeed, if, after spending so many years in the study of this family, that I should neglect, while in Paris, to see the collections from which Lamarck made so many descriptions. I was frequently at the Museum, and on one particular occasion, by appointment of MM. Blainville and Ferussac, arranged, in the presence of these and other gentlemen, all the species of the Unionide that were in the Museum, and named them; and also presented to the Museum about fifteen species which were new to that great national institution. I also did the same thing for Baron Ferussac, having designated every specimen in his cabinet belonging to this family. 2 Traité Elém., vol. ii. p. 213. 8 Swainson, in Lard. Cycl. Nat. Hist., p. 247. In his Treatise on Malacology the same author keeps this idea in constant view, and thus invalidates his groups. Besides, he was little acquainted with foreign species. D XiV SYNOPSIS OF not been successful. That the same idea exists in the construction of species is evident through a great number, but that this idea is returned to the point at which it commenced I am not prepared to admit. The arrangement of the system adopted in this Synopsis, whatever may be said to the contrary, is eminently natural as regards the exo-skeleton or shelly covering of the included soft parts. Although I have examined critically and published descriptions of the soft parts of 254 species of this family, and often dissected 50 to 100 of the same species, I cannot see, as yet, any useful division that could satisfy the student or the adept, which can be made by systematic difference in the organic forms of the soft parts. With a knowledge of the soft parts of about only a fourth part of the family, is it not unwise to attempt a division for the whole? And again, will it not be a very long time before it will be possible to obtain the complete animal of most of the species? Some of them perhaps never will be obtained by the American or European Malacologist. I am satisfied that eventually, when we shall become sufficiently acquainted with the soft parts of most of the Unionide, the best division into genera will be founded on the diverse forms of the branchial utert. I have now examined carefully 254 species, mostly with charged uteri, and I have come to the conclusion that any safe division, founded on the characters of the functional soft parts, must be based on this very important organ, which shows so distinct and varied a conformation, often involving, as it does, the form of the massive envelope. In regard to the making of species a few remarks may be made here. That there has been great abuse of it there can be no doubt. Think of the nearly 250 synonyms for the seven or eight species of the Family Unionide living in Hurope! Many very able writers have deprecated this folly and ignorance, but it still goes on. In the United States we have such an extraordinary development of this form of shell life, that many European writers find it difficult to give us credit for our real disposition—at least I speak for myself—of keeping down our species as much as possible. The nomenclature is becoming truly embarrassing, and there seems to be no avoidance of it. We have by no means exhausted the discoveries of these forms in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, which States seem to be, and particularly Georgia, the centre of this form of Malacological life." No species has ever been described by me without the greatest care and all examination used that was possible. When not well satisfied of distinctive characters, I have laid the specimen aside in hopes of better light, and I have by me now many of which I am uncertain as I gut, 1'The late Bishop Elliott, who did so much to develop the Unionide of Georgia, observed to me in one of his letters, that almost every stream seemed to afford him new species. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID &. XV to their identity, and therefore I hesitate. Some of these I have had for more than twenty years.’ It should be remembered that many of the diagnoses of my new species were made from single specimens, and these sometimes imperfect. The various aspects and the differences of the characters of the old and young as well as that of males and females, are often very imperfect, and necessarily therefore some are omit- ted. The important character of the undulations of the beaks is often omitted on account of the imperfection of the part. Too much stress cannot be laid on the importance of keeping down the species ‘in all branches of Zoology. Prof. Owen has well remarked that “the coining of names for things glanced at and imperfectly understood, the falsification of signs without due comprehension of the thing signified, becomes a hindrance instead of a furtherance of true knowledge.” And Prof. Carpenter, in one of his lectures in 1859, said “there are too many who are far too ready to establish new species upon variations of the most trivial character, without taking the pains of establishing the value of these differences, by ascertaining their constancy through an extensive series of individuals; thus, as was well said by the late Prince of Canino, ‘describ- ing specimens instead of species,’ and burdening science not only with a useless nomenclature, but with a mass of false assertions. It should be borne in mind that every one who thus makes a bad species is really doing a detriment to science, while every one who proves the identity of a species, previously accounted distinct, is contributing towards its simplification, and is therefore one of its truest benefactors.” Dr. Arnott, in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, very forcibly says that “to indicate many apparently new species, is the work of an hour; to establish one on a sure foundation, is sometimes the labor of months or years.” To form a systematic, and, so far as possible, a natural arrangement of this family, has long occupied my serious attention. I was, from my first knowledge of the Family, struck with the very different aspect of the winged species, and, taking the hint of Lamarck,’ I thought that an important division could be made by separating the connate from the free shells, and proposed the name of Symphynota for such as were connate. I was not satisfied at that time in separating a genus of this family by a character differing from that of the teeth, but presumed that the family would be taken up by some one, if not by myself, and that the first division of it would be symphynote and non-symphynote 1 The observation of a late French writer that not more than three in one hundred of my species will stand, is too flippant to need much notice. Time will prove that very few will be eliminated. 2 Vol. vi. p. 76. Xv1 SYNOPSIS OF Unionide. The numerous new species which haye been made known since, haye satisfied me that this character cannot be so extensively and usefully applied as I then thought it could, and that it is not, in fact, free from the same objection which pervades so many generic characters as adopted by the most intelligent naturalists, viz., that perfect fading and mingling of character which interferes with all the sys- tems yet formed. Sowerby, after examining into the propriety of dividing the Family into genera, came to the conclusion of keeping but one genus, viz., Unio: this he divided into A without teeth, B with teeth. These he subdivided into winged and not winged. Another subdivision followed these, on the presence, form, and absence of teeth. There is evidently much merit in this division, but it is not perfect; nor ought we to expect perfection, I believe, in any system. Ferussac informed me, when in Paris, that he proposed to consider the Family Nayades to consist of one genus, Margaritifera, which genus he divides into the following subgenera: 1. Anodonta; 2. Iridina ; 3. Dipsas; 4. Triquetra ;* 5. Alas- modonta; 6. Unio. Swainson, in his Malacology, divides the Nayades of Lamarck into several sub- Families and a great number of genera, which do not seem to me to possess charac- teristics sufficiently different to be adopted. They are as follows :— Unio. lLam., represented by Unio sulcatus. lea. OCunicula. Swain., nm “Unio rubiginosus. Lea. Ligumia. Swain., tt “Unio rectus. Iam. Theliderma. Swain., is “Unio laerymosus. Lea. Megadomus. Swain., ts “MM. gigas. Swain. Aiglia. Swain., e “Unio ovatus. Say. Naida. Swain., at “Unio ater. Lea. Canthyria. Swain., nt “Unio spinosus. Lea. Mysca. Turton, Ky “ Unio pictorum. Lam. Potomida. Swain., ot “Unio sinuatus. Lam. Lymnadea. Swain., “Umi alatus. Say. Iridea. Swain., f “Unio granosus. Lam. Castalia. lLam., e “Castalia ambigua. Lam. Naia. Swain., is “Unio corrugatus. Lam. Hyria. Lam., a “ Hyria syrmatophora. Lam. Hyridella. Swain, he “Unio australis. Lam. Tridina. Tam., " “ Tridina exotica. Lam. Calliscapha. Swain, % “ Tridina Nilotica. Sow. Mycetopus. D’Orb., i Mycet. soleniformis.. D’Orb. 1 Klein. This, it would appear, Baron Ferussac intended should embrace my genus Symphynota, as he included all he knew of them except S. bialata. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID®. XViL Lamproscapha. Swain. represented by Anodonta siliquosa. Spix. Symphynota. Lea, i“ ‘© Unio levissimus. lea. Anodonta. Lam., y “An. cygnea. lam. Hemiodon. Swain, “An. areolatus. (edentula. Say.) Swain. Patularia. Swain., x «An. rotundus. Spix. / Calceola. Swain., ue “ Unio calceolus. Lea. Alasmodonta. Say, ae “Alas. undulata. Say. Uniopsis. Swain., s “ U. mytiloides. Raf.? Margaritana. Schum., e “ M. margaritifera. Lin. Complanaria. Swain., i “Alas. rugosa. Barnes. Retzius, Nova Testaceorum Genera,’ 1783, established the genus Unio, of which he makes two divisions, viz. :— * Without lamellar teeth— 1. Unio margaritiferus. Represented by Mya margaritifera. Lin. ** With lamellar teeth— x 2. Unio crassus. 2 = Unio ecrassissimus. Fer. 3. Unio tumidus. “Unio ovalis, of British Zoologists. 4. Unio pictorum. . “Unio pictorum. Lin. 5. Unio ovalis. “ e Unio tumidus. Retz. 6. Unio corrugatus. ae es Unio corrugatus. Lam. Mr. Gray, in his excellent List of Genera (Zool. Soc. Proceedings, 1847), divides Lamarck’s Nayades into three Families, viz.:— Family 9th. Untonip#. 10th. Murenap#. 11th. Mycrropopip. The Unionide consists of nine genera, viz.: Anodonta, Cuv.; Margaritana, Schum.; Monocon- dylea, D’Orb.; Unio, Retzius; Barbala, Humph.; Lamproscapha, Swain.; Anodonta, Lam.; Byssano- donta, D’Orb; Glabaris. Family 10th. MureLAD# consists of five genera, viz.: Mutela, Scopoli; Leila, Gray; Plecodon,* Con.; Paxyodon, Schum.; Prisodon, Schum. Family 11th. Myceroropip# consists of one genus, viz.: Mycetopus, D’Orb. M. D’Orbigny, in his Voyage Am. Merid., vol. v. p. 594 (1835 to 1843), divides 1 T have never been able to examine this rare work until recently, it being now in the Library of the Academy of Natural Sciences. The establishment of the genus Unio has been usually given, by French authors, to Bruguiére, but the English and German writers give it to Retzius so universally, that I have followed them. ‘The author of this dissertation would appear from the title-page to be L. M. Philipsson,; - Retzius being the presiding officer of the institution. But it is understood to be a fact that papers writ- ten by officers of the Universities in Germany have been sometimes published under the names of students as Theses, and it is said that this is one of such cases. 2 I do not see any reason for throwing out Iridina and taking in its place the name of Plecodon, which was unnecessarily given to a shell well known and figured long before, and described both generic- ally and specifically, viz., the Iridina ovata, Swain. E XVI1L SYNOPSIS OF the family into genera according to the form of the mantle, the form of the foot, and according to the character of the shell.’ “Qui se divisent zoologiquement en plusieurs genres d’aprés la forme du manteau, la forme du pied, et d’aprés les caractéres seuls de la coquille. On pourrait les diviser ainsi qu’il suit.” 1. Manteau fermé jusqu’au tiers inférieur de la coquille, pourvue des deux tubes distincts, “c. = TIridina, Lam. 2. Manteau fermé seulment sur la région anale, ou il y a deux tubes distincts, &c. = Castalia, Lam. 3. Manteau ouvert sur toute sa longeur, une ouverture anale seule distincte, &&. = Mycetopus, D’Orb. 4, Manteau ouvert sur toute sa longeur une ouverture anale seule distincte. A. Coquille pourvue des dents variables 4 la charnicre = Unio, Retz. B. Coquille pourvue d’une seule dent = Monocondylea, D’Orb. C, Coquille sans dents a la charnicre = Anodonta, Lam.- Prof. Troschel, in Wiegmann’s Archives, vol. xiii. 1847, divides the family, by their anatomical structure, into nine genera, viz.:— j Unto (Retzius). The mouth lips are wider than long, united as far as the middle on the pos- terior margin. The margin of the mantle entirely open; the outer branchia united to the mantle to its very extremity; the inner branchia not united to the foot; the foot is tongue-shaped, thick, somewhat produced anteriorly. (Unio tumidus, Retz., and Unio Hopetonensis, Lea.) MARGARITANA (Schumacher). (Alasmodonta, Say.) The mouth lips are wider than long, united along two-thirds of the posterior margin. The mantle entirely open; the outer branchia is free posteriorly, and lies in a fold of the mantle; the interior branchia is united to the foot anteriorly, but along the greater part of the foot it is free; the foot is tongue-shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly. (Mya margaritifera, Lin.,) Tab. 6, Fig. 1. HyriA (Lam.) The mouth lips as wide as long, not united. The mantle margin inferiorly is open, posteriorly closed, so as to make a branchial and anal aperture. The outer branchia united to the mantle to its extremity; the interior branchia is united to the foot; the foot tongue-shaped, thick, somewhat produced anteriorly. (4. syrmatophora, Lam.,) Tab. 6, Fig. 3. CasTaLiA (Lam.). The mouth lips a little wider than long. The margin of the mantle infe- riorly is open, posteriorly so united that the branchial and anal apertures are closed; the branchial aperture is surrounded with cirri; the anal aperture smooth; the outer branchia united to the mantle all the way to its extremity; the inner branchia———(?); the foot tongue-shaped, thick, somewhat produced anteriorly. D’Orbigny, Voy., &e. (Castalia ambigua, Lam.) Dipsas (Leach). Animal unknown, Shell closed entirely (Dipsas plicatus, Leach). Awoponta (Lam.). The mouth lips are broader than long, united to the middle of the poste- rior margin; the mantle margin is entirely open; the outer branchia united to the mantle to its 1M. D’Orbigny, in his Voy. dans ’Am. Mer., v. 5, pt. 3, p. 502, says that the eleven genera made by Agassiz out of the My may all be placed in existing genera. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID A. XIX extremity; the inner branchia not united to the foot; the foot is thick, tongue-shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly. (An. eygnea, Lam.) Tripina (Lam.). Mouth lips longer than wide, not united; mantle margin united as far as the foot, so that the branchial and anal apertures are closed; the outer branchia united to the mantle as far as its extremity; the inner branchia entirely united to the foot; foot thick, tongue-shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly. (/. cxlestis, Lea.) SparHa (Lea). The mouth lips are longer than wide, and not united. The mantle margin is closed behind, so that the branchial and anal apertures are closed; on the under margin the mantle is entirely open; the outer branchia is united to the mantle all the way to its extremity; the inner is not united to the foot; the foot is thick, tongue-shaped, somewhat produced anteriorly. (S. rubens, Lea,) Tab. 6, Fig. 2. Mycetopus (D’Orbigny). The mouth lips longer than wide; the mantle margin is open to the anal aperture, which is closed; the outer branchia is entirely united, or grown together; the inner (?); the foot is very much produced and widened into a knob. (IZ. soleniformis, D’Orb.) In The Shells of New England, by W. Stimpson, Boston (1851), he states that, in the MSS. of Prof. Agassiz, the following divisions into genera are made (of the New England species) on anatomical differences, viz.:— Unio, Retzius, emend. Gills free from the abdominal sac, their posterior extremity attached to the mantle; eggs, in the female, filling the whole extent of the outer gill; mantle fringed at both siphonal openings. (Unio complanatus, lea.) HurYNEA, Rafinesque, emend. Gills attached to the abdominal sac, leaving no communication between the pedal and the upper gill cavities; eggs received in the saes of the posterior part of the outer gill; mantle fringed at the posterior half of its ventral edge, and at the branchial and anal siphons. (Unio prelongus, Bar.) LAmpsiuis, Raf., emend. Gills attached; eges in the posterior part of the outer gill; mantle fringed at both siphonal openings, und having fleshy thickenings and processes at its posterior ventral edge. (Unio radiatus, Lam.) Meraprera, Raf, emend. Gills attached; eggs in posterior part of gill; a broad expansion of mantle upwards; superanal opening long; both siphonal openings fringed. (Unio alatus, Say.) CoMPLANARIA, Swain, emend. Gills free, united to the mantle to its margin; outer gill filling entirely with eggs; superanal opening long; both siphonal openings fringed; palpi united along their posterior edge for two-thirds of their length. (Alasmodonta rugosa, Bar.) MARGARITANA, Schum. Gills free from abdominal sac, their posterior extremity not united to the mantle; anal opening or region of mantle not fringed; branchial fringed. (Alasmodonta arcu- ata, Bar.) ALASMODONTA, Say, emend. Gills attached to abdominal sac, attached also to the mantle to their extremity; branchial siphon fringed; anal large, not fringed; eggs ———(?). (Alasmodonta marginata, Say.) xX Srropuitus, Raf., emend. Gills attached; eggs received in the whole extent of the outer gill; SYNOPSIS OF anal opening not fringed. (Anodonta undulata, Say-) ? Anoponta, Brug. Gills free; eggs throughout the gill; anal opening not fringed. (Anodonta Benedictensis, Lea.) Soon after the appearance of Dr. Stimpson’s publication from Prof. Agassiz’s MSS. I tabulated his divisions and those of Prof. Troschel for my own use. To these I occasionally added notes, and I produce the tables here for reference. TROSCHEL’S DIVISIONS OF THE FAMILY UNIONID 4.1 DIAGNosIs OF THE FAMILY OF Unton1pD2.—Shell with epidermis; without emargination in the mantle; two muscles, the anterior of which makes commonly three impressions in the shell; one exterior ligament; mantle without branchial and anal tubes, and without retractile muscles; two external and two internal mouth lips which are large and rounded, and internally perpendicularly striate; two branchiz on each side, united to each other behind the foot for the whole length; branchial filaments not separate. 2Unio. Retz. tumidus. Margaritana. Sch. margaritifera, Hyria. Lam. syrmatophora. Castalia. Lam. Dipsas. Leech. 2Anodonta. Lam. cellensis, Iridina. Lam. celestis. Spatha, Lea. rubens. Mycetopus. D’Orb. Mouth Lips. Wider than long, united to mid. post. margin. Wider than long, united to 2s post mar- gin. Wide as long, not united. Little wider than long. Animal unknown. Wider than long, united to middle of posterior margin. Longer than wide, not united. Longer than wide, not united. Longer than wide, 1 Wiegman's Archives, 1847, v. 13. Mantle. Margin entirely open. Entirely open. Margin inf. open. Post. closed to make branchial and anal aperture. Margin inf. open. Post. closed to make branchial and anal apertures. Margin entirely open. Margin united as far as the foot, so that branchial and anal apertures are closed. Margin closed behind, so that the bran. and anal apertures are closed; entirely open on the under margin. Margin open to anal aperture, which is closed. All live in fresh water. Branchia. Outer united to mantle to ex- tremity. Inner not united to foot. Outer is free posteriorly. In- ner united to foot anteriorly, but free the greater part. Outer united to the mantle to extremity. Inner united to the foot. Outer united to mantle to ex- tremity. Inter ? Outer united to mantle to ex- tremity. Inner not united to foot. Outer united to mantle to ex- tremity. Inner entirely unit- ed to foot. Outer united to mantle to ex- tremity. Inner not united to foot. Outer entirely united. The inner 2 Foot. Tongue-shaped, thick; pro- duced anteriorly. Tongue-shaped, thick; some- what produced anteriorly. Tongue-shaped, thick; some- what produced anteriorly. Tongue-shaped, thick; some- what produced anteriorly. Tongue-shaped, thick; some- what produced anteriorly. Tongue-shaped, thick; some- what produced anteriorly. Tongue-shaped, thick; some- what produced anteriorly. Produced and widened into a knob. 2? The genera Unio and Anodonta are described exactly the same!! THE FAMILY OF UNIONID &. XOXGII AGASSIZ’S DIVISION OF UNIONID &.! 2Unio, Retz. Emended. U. complanatus, Lea, Eurynea.* Raf. Emen- ded. U. prelongus. Bar. nasutus. Say. Lampsilis.5 Raf. Emended. U. radiatus. Lam. Metaptera.® Raf. Emended. U. alatus. Say.1 Complanaria. Swain. Emended. Palpi. United along the pos- Mantle, Fringed at both siphonal open- ings. Fringed at posterior half of ventral edge, and at branch. and anal siphons. Fringed at both siphonal open- ings, having fleshy thicken- ings and processes at post. ventral edge. Broad expansion upwards. Su- peranal opening long. Both openings fringed. Superanal opening long. Both siphonal openings fringed. Gills, *Free from abdominal sack, post. extremity attached to mantle, Eggs filling extent of outer gill. Attached to abdom’l sack. No opening between pedal and upper gill cavities. Eggs in posterior part of outer gill. Attached. Eggs in posterior part of outer gill. Attached. Eggs in posterior part of gill. Free. United to the mantle to its margin. Outer gill filled Fuot. edge 33 the length. entirely with eggs. Alas. rugosa. Bar.® Free from abdominal sack. Post. extrem. not united to mantle. Attached to abdominal sack ;® Anal opening of mantle not fringed; branchial is fringed. Margaritana. Schum. Alas. arcuata, Bur. Alasmodonta. Say. Branchial opening fringed. Emended. Anal opening large, not attached also to mantle to the Alas. marginata, fringed. extremity. Say. : Strophitus. Raf. Anal opening not fringed. Attached. Eggs received in the Emended. whole extent of outer gill. An. undulata. Say.'° Anodonta! Brug. Anal opening not fringed. Free. Eggs throughout the gill. An. Benedictensis, Lea. 1 Shells of New England, 1851, by Wm. Stimpson. 2 U. infuecatus, Con. seems in the alcoholic specimen not to have the anal opening fringed. Also, Unio metanever, Raf. and lacrymosus, Lea, 7U. multiplicatus. Out of five large ones, three were attached the whole length, and two open for a short distance. U. Berlandierii had four out of five attached; the fifth slightly open. “ Rafinesque gives no anatomy. This is his generic description of the genus: “ Valves very transverse or very large. Axis almost lateral.’? 5 Raf. says: ‘‘Molluse like that of Unio, but has apparent short syphons.”’ 6 Raf. says: ‘‘Mollusc like that of Unio.”’ 7 There is no essential difference in the diagnoses of these three genera. § Alas. rugosa, Bar. has not the anal opening fringed. * Alas. marginata. Six specimens from Muhawk River were all more or less open; some a mere point at posterior end of the foot! See U. Novi- Eboraci; Obs. x. 55. Some attached, some not. 10 Prof. A. says: ‘‘Anal opening not fringed, but it is very minutely fringed.” it An. Ferussaciana, Lea, has papille on the anal opening. Unio lzvissimus, Lea, has no papille on the anal opening. Unio pustulosus, Lea, has no papille or crenulations on the anal opening. Unio Blandianus, Lea, has no papillx on the anal opening. Unio Kleinianus, Lea, has no papille, but has slight crenulations. Unio Houstonensis, Lea, has no papille. Unio Forsheyi, Lea, has no papille. Unio verrucosus, Bar. has no papille. Unio Tappanianus, Lea, has no papille, but has slight crenulations. The very uncertain characters by which Prof. Agassiz proposed to divide this Family induced me to make notes of many species in which the anatomy did not His principal character is the opening or “Gills free from abdominal sac,” and seem to me to accord with his views. closing of the pedal and upper gill cavities. “Gills attached to abdominal sac.’* Another important character is the possession ? Shells of New England, by W. Stimpson, p. 13. XXil SYNOPSIS OF or absence of “fringes on the siphonal openings.” I have frequently observed, in different individuals of the same species, that this condition—freedom and attachment— was found. It does not, therefore, seem to be worthy of a specific difference, much less a generic one. Thus in five large perfect specimens of U. multiplicatus' (nobis), I found three to be united the whole length of the branchia, while two were opened for a short distance.” In U. Novi-Hboract some were attached and some free. U. Berlandierti has branchie free and not free. Alasmodonta marginata, as emended by Prof. A.: “Gills attached to abdominal sac.” Six specimens from Mohawk River, N. Y. I found to be all more or less open. As regards the generic character of Unio emended, the “mantle fringed at both siphonal openings.” I found the following Uniones without fringe (papille) on the anal opening, viz.: triangularis, cylindricus, pressus, ligamentinus, levissimus, verru- cosus, metanevra, lacrymosus, dehiscens, and some others. The following have slight crenulations on the anal opening, viz.: multiradiatus, rectus, retusus, irroratus, ovatus, purpuratus, asper, declivis. The generic character of Anodonta, “anal opening not fringed.” The An. Ferussaciana has papille on the anal opening.®? -A. Oregonensis and A. fragilis have crenulations on the anal opening. Complanaria, Swain, emended: Alasmodonta rugosa, Bar. Prof. A. says: “both siphonal openings fringed.” Specimens from Mohawk, N. Y., had not the anal opening fringed. Subsequently to the publication by Dr. Stimpson of the MS. diagnoses of Prof. Agassiz, he in Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, in 1852, divides the “Najades” into two large groups:— First Group has exterior gills joined the whole length of the foot, having no direct communi- cation between the lower free cavity and the upper portion, as in U. Sowerbyanus, triangularis, &e. Second Group. Those which have a free communication between the cavity of the gills and the lower cavity of the belly, as in ‘‘Unio irroratus, U. lineolatus, Raf.” The genera of the First Division are:— Dysnomia. Ag.. . . foliatus. Hild. and perplexus. Lea. Scalenaria. Raf. (Ag.) sulcatus. Lea. Truncilla. Raf. (Ag.) triangularis. Bar. and arcaformis. Lea. Lampsilis. Raf... . radiatus. Canthyria. Swain.. . spinosus. Lea. CA GS Go fo i 1 Two very remarkable characters of some species of Unio seem not to have been noticed by Prof. Agassiz: rubiginosus, Kleinianus, multiplicatus, and subrotundus have all the four leaves of the branchiz pervaded by the uterus, and the first and last have red ova. 2 See note in Obs. vii. 40. 8 Obs. x. 87. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID &. XXill 6. Hurynia. Raf. . . . rectus. Lam. 7. Metaptera. Raf. . . alatus, gracilis, &c. 8. Alasmodonta. Say. . Alas. marginata. Say. Marg. Raveneliana. Lea. 9. Obovaria. Raf... . . retusus. Lam. 10. Micromya. Ag. . . fabalis. Lea. 11. Crypogenia. Ag. . . irroratus. Lea. dromas. Lea. 12. Placiola. Raf. . . . U.securis. Lea. 13. Orthonymus. Ag.. . cylindricus. Say. 14. Tritogonio. Ag. . . tuberculatus. Bar. 15. Quadrula. Raf. . . . metanever. Raf. 16. Rotundaria. Raf. . . verrucosus. Bar. 17. Complanaria. Swain.. Al. complanata, &c. 18. Pleurobema. Raf. . . U.clava. Lam. 19. Uniopsis. Swain. . . Al. edentula. Say. 20. Margaritana. Schum.. Al. arcuata. Bar.! 21. Hemilastena. Raf.. . U.dehiscens. Say. oriens. Lea. 22. Unio. Retzius. . . . U. nasutus, &c. In these generic divisions, by D’Orbigny, Troschel, and Agassiz—all founded on anatomical structure—it will be observed that they do not differ essentially in their modes of division; and I do not hesitate to express the opinion that our know- ledge of the structural differences of the soft parts of these animals is not yet suffi- ciently advanced to found a perfect or permanent system. That such a one would be instituted I have not doubted, and I so expressed myself in 1838, in a note on Anodonta Blainvilliana (nobis), in my Synopsis, 2d ed. p. 31,’ and I trust that the surviving able physiologists whom I have cited above, will continue to give their labors to an investigation which cannot but produce rich results; but I am disposed to think that, until malacologists have examined carefully the soft parts of most of 1 Prof. Agassiz says that Al. arcuata, Bar. and Marg. margaritifera, Shum. differ, in which I do not agree with him. * Aware of the great importance of a knowledge of the soft parts of the species of this family, some of which present very different and well-marked characteristics, I have since the publication of the 2d and 3d editions given much time and laborious attention to their careful dissection and diagnoses, sometimes examining more than a hundred individuals of a species. These descriptions of the soft parts have been published in various papers in the Trans. Am. Ph. Soc. and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci., and in my Observations on the Subgenus Unio, vols. 1, 2, 6,7, 8,9, 10,11, and 12. These descriptions consist of the Subgenus Unio, 211; Margaritana, 14; Anodonta, 26; Monocondylea, 2; Mycetopus, 1—in all, the soft parts of 254 species. Many embryonic forms, which have also-had my particular attention, and which present such diverse and peculiar forms, have been described and figured by me in the Jl. Acad. Na. Sci., vols. iv. and vi., and Obs. v. 6 and 12, so far as I have been able to obtain them. Very recently I have received from Dr. F. A. Forel, of Morges, Switzerland, his very able Memoir* on the development of the Unionide. The anatomy of the embryos, with the illustrations, is worthy of great praise, and cannot fail to be appreciated as an important advance in this direction. * Beitrage zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Najaden. Wurzburg, 1867. XXiV SYNOPSIS OF the existing numerous species—the exo-skeletons' (so to call them) of which have only come under our notice—the facilities which a good system ought to afford can- not be reaped by a partial anatomical knowledge, which does not now embrace, probably, one-fifth of the ascertained species of the family. Besides this, I am not at all disposed to think that we can entirely dispense with the aid we find in the various characters of the exo-skeletons, in making our sub-groups. ‘They often, in fact, afford striking and obvious differences, which the eye schooled with but little experience can with facility and certainty detect, and which, if happily grouped by an experienced eye, may greatly aid the student. These considerations have induced me still to retain nearly the same divisions in this which I used in the third edition, with a few additional divisions. Messrs. H. and A. Adams, in The Genera of Recent Molluscs, vol. ii. 1858, adopt the following Subgenera of Unio:— Banosta. Raf. Naidea. Swain. Obovaria. Raf. Nida. Swain. Hyridella. Swain. Lampsilis. Raf. Canthyria, Swain. Iridea. Swain. Rotundaria. Raf. Quadrula. Raf. Diplodon. Spix. Dysnomia. Agass. Metaptera. Raf. In vol. ui. of the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 398, Mr. Nicklin expressed the opinion “that the seven genera, now referred to the Family of Unionide, are founded in arti- ficial distinctions, and not in nature; and that, in fact, the family contains but one g@enus.’” g : In consequence of the enormous extent to which the Family Unionide is expanded, it is absolutely necessary to establish many groups and sub-groups, so as to make a systematic arrangement accessible to the student of this branch of zoology. I there- fore divide the family into two genera, Margaron’ and Platiris. The first is divided into ten subgenera, and the latter into three subgenera. ‘These are again divided * Forming the calcareous coverings and fulera for muscular fibres, as well as protection from exterior forces. * The entire uncertainty of the divisions of Mr. Rafinesque, or their multiplied, useless, and incom- prehensible groups, are not deemed important to insert here. Nor the synoptical tables of Mr. Conrad, which differ so much from each other, the last being founded very much on that of Rafinesque. * In the second edition, I proposed the name of Margarita, but, this name being pre-occupied by Dr. Leach for a genus separated from Turbo, I substituted in the third edition that of Wargaron (uapyapoy, Unio). THE FAMILY OF UNIONID #&X. XXV into symphynote and non-symphynote, which groups are again divided into plicate, nodulous, spinous, suleate and smooth shells. Hach of these is subdivided into nine groups dependent on the outline of the plane of the valve, viz., into quadrate, triangular, oblique, oval, oblong, subrotund, wide, obovate, and arcuate, as in the following table :—* ? In regard to priority of claims of date, I have never considered that the old rule of dating the discovery of a species at the time it was read before a scientific society, should have been altered as it has been by many bodies of science. My experience has satisfied me that justice to the discoverer could best be rendered by retaining the old rule. In all cases I adhere to this, and date my papers in accord- ance, and accord the same to others. It is the custom with the two leading societies of Europe, the French Academy and the Royal Society, as well as the American Philosophical Society in this country, the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and others. The Report of the Committee of the British Association, Aug 1856, recommends a Catalogue of Huropean and American Philosophical Memoirs to be made, and, where published in Transactions, the date of reading to be stated. Under the cover of the rule of printed issue, Mr. Conrad* and Mr. W. G. Binney have misstated dates of many of my species, which dates are erro- neous even under the rule of printed issue. Thus Mr. Binney, in the publications of the “Smithsonian Collections,” Bibliography of North American Conchology, Part I. 1863, gives the dates which he finds in the imprint of a volume, although he knew that parts of the volume were issued printed, perhaps years before. I therefore protest against the manifest errors which arise from such proceeding. This is in accordance with the fact that while he published in this volume the erroneous dates of Mr. Conrad’s Syn- opsis regarding my species of Unionidx, he omitted my tables of rectification of these dates, which of course rendered the Bibliography incomplete and was an act of injustice to the science of the country. When the omission was pointed out by me to Prof. Henry, Sec. of the Smithsonian Institution, he kindly promised it should be remedied in an appendix. In the following year, when Part II. came out, in Appendix to Part II. Mr. Binney inserted a simple list of little more than a page of my species without a single date! This list was a mere mockery, and the observation that ‘Mr. Lea having requested that the whole of his ‘Rectification’ should be published, IT add a list of the species to which he refers in that paper, in addition to those quoted by me on p. 384, Part I.” is not the fact.f I never requested Prof. Henry to have the whole of my “ Rectification” published in this Bibliography; I wished only the tables of species with dates of the time read and the time issued printed, and I sent a copy marked as requested by Prof. Henry, to be so inserted. Mr. Binney had given Mr. Conrad over eight pages, double column, for his Synopsis, and to my ‘* Rectification” four lines!! Addressing Prof. Henry on this second wrong, he requested another marked copy with the tables I wished to be inserted, and in Appendix iv. 1866, under his own name, I obtained this very slow partial justice. * Mr. Conrad in his ‘‘ Catalogue of the Eocene and Oligocene Testacea of the United States,” in Am. Jl. of Sei., vol. i., makes some of my species synonyms to his, by dating mine in ‘‘1834,’’ while my ‘‘ Contributions to Geology” was on sale about the first of Dec. 1833, and has the imprint of 1833! It had an extended notice in the Jan. No. follow- ing of Silliman’s Journal. + “I send you at once the part of my ‘ Rectification’ which should have been inserted to neutralize the poison of the ‘Synopsis’ of Mr. Conrad.’’—H tract of Letter of I. Lea to Prof. Henry, Noy. 20, 1863. And in my letter of Feb. 8, 1866, to Prof. Baird, who was attending to the ‘‘Smithsonian Collections,’’ I said, ‘‘ You must be aware that I never requested to have my ‘Rectification reprinted.’ It was only these important tables of facts and not the argument,’”’ &c. Mr. Tryon, in his excellent ‘‘ American Journal of Conchology,” vol. i. p. 270, commenting on these errors of dates says, ‘‘ Mr. Lea, however, immediately proved the time of publication (printed) of some of these parts of the voltmes of Transactions, and, consequently, the prior date of certain of his species by evidence which has never been questioned. Yet Mr. Binney has not deemed it advisable even to mention the dates stated by Mr. Lea, exceptin regard to four species only, and thus those who in future times depend, as they certainly will, on the Bibliography, for the synonymy of these species, will be misled into the perpetration of a wrong.”’ G XXV1 SYNOPSIS OF ( 1. Subgenus Triquetra,’ Having a cardinal and lateral tooth, and |e mphy note—Hy ria corrugata. Lam. furnished with two siphons. | 2. Subgenus Prisodon,? Having a cardinal and lateral tooth trans- Non-Symphynote—Castalia ambigua. versely striate, and furnished with two Lam. siphons. 9 ° 3. Subgenus Unio, Symphynote—Unio alatus. Say. Having a cardinal and lateral tooth. Non-Symphynote—U. pictorum. Lam. as 4, Subgenus Margaritana, | Symphynote—A las. complanata. Barn. oC Having one tooth (cardinal). Non-Symphynote—A1. undulata. Say. =|2 is E 5. Subgenus Plagiodon, { Non-Symphynote—Plag. isocardi- = eS Having a double transverse cardinal tooth | oides. Lea. fS) = bl 5 6. Subgenus Monocondyleea, Non-Symphynote—Mono. Paraguay- iS 3 Having a simple callus. ana. D’ Orb. rape r= 3 | ~ . = 7. Subgenus Dipsas, ey Having a linear tooth under the dorsal Symphynote—Dipsas plicatus. Leach. margin. | \ ” 8. Subgenus Anodonta, Symphynote—An. magnifica. Lea. Having no teeth. Non Sprmpiernotte tn, fluviatilis. Dell. 9. Subgenus Columba ay ; Non- eypmole—Colmube Blainvil- Without teeth, but having an inflected liana. Lea. palleal cicatrix. : 10. Subgenus Byssanodonta,® a y x Non-Symphynote—Byssanodonta Pa- Having no teeth, but is always attached ranensis. D’Orb by a byssus. a : 1 Since the publication of the second edition of this Synopsis, the soft parts of Triquetra (Hyria, Lam.) have been obtained, and Mr. Gray, in the An. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi., gives us the anatomy. “The mantle lobes of the species of this genus brought from British Guiana by Mr. Schomburgh are united together behind, and furnished with two short, separate, contractile siphons, like the animals of Tridina and Leila, though the submarginal impression of the shell does not show indications of any inflections behind.” 2M. D’Orbigny, in his Voy. Am. Mer., vol. v. p. 597, gives a description of the soft parts of Prisodon (Castalia, Lam.), Mantle open the whole length, except at the anal region, where it is closed, and pre- sents two short distinct tubes, of which one—branchial—is larger and furnished with cilize round its edge. Buccal appendages rounded, very large. Foot much compressed, thicker and bent behind. 8 This very remarkable fresh-water bivalve, Byssanodonta Paranensis, by D’Orbigny (Voy. dans THE FAMILY OF UNIONIDS. XXVIL 1. Subgenus Ivridina, . A Ni ean = ° Having a granulate dorsal margin, and Non-Symphynote I. exotica. Lam. furnished with two siphons. se) 2. Subgenus Spatha, Having a dorsal margin non-crenulate, and furnished with two siphons, Non-Symphynote—I. rubens. Desh. Il. GENUS PLATIRIS ! ge cubgenus Myceropus, [ Non-Symphynote—Mye. soleniformis. Having a straight, smooth, dorsal margin, D’ Orb. and furnished with a long extensile foot. FAMILY UNIONID A. re After the divisions of Symphynote and Non-Symphynote shells, we have the four conditions in which the outward surface of the shell is found, viz.:— 1. Plicate,’ 4. Sulcate.’ 2. Nodulous.’ 5. Smooth.° 3. Spinous.* Hach of these subdivisions group according to the form of their outline, thus:— 1. Quadrate.’ 6. Subrotund.” 2. Triangular.® te Wide 3. Oblique.’ 8. Obovate." 4. Oval.” 9. Arcuate.” 5. Oblong.” Vv Amér. Mérid.), was observed by him in the Rio Parana above Corrientes. It resembles an Anodonta, but remains always attached by a byssus proceeding from the foot. It has anterior and posterior adductor muscles. The interior is not nacrée. The inner posterior portion is violet-brown; the anterior is white. It is attached to rocks below low-water mark. It has not been as well observed in regard to its habits and anatomy as it deserves to be. M. D’Orbigny places it among the Unionide, in which family it no doubt will be found properly to belong by its anatomical structure. Unfortunately the soft parts were destroyed before an examination was made. The genera Htheria, Mulleria (Acostxa, D’Orb.), Galatea, Cyclas, and Dreissena, also inhabit fresh water, and have their affinities. 1 Agassiz, in Nomenclator Zoologicus, changes this name to Platyiris as being more correct, but Herrmannsen, in Generum Mallacozorum, says Platiris is correct. 2 Unio plicatus. Lesueur. > Unio Kraussii. Lea. * Unio pustulosus. Lea. ° Unio complanatus. Solan. * Unio spinosus. Lea. No regard, of course, is paid in this division to the folds or undulations of the beaks, as all the spe- cies are more or less disposed to this character, which is very valuable in discriminating the species. ™ Unio asperrimus. Lea. ® Unio circulus. Lea. § Unio triangularis. Barnes. 8% Unio rectus. Lam. ® Unio clavus. Lam. ™ Unio modioliformis. Lea. 1 Unio ligamentinus. Lam. © Unio crassus. Leézius. u Unio complanatus. Solan. XXVIILL SYNOPSIS OF In regarding these outlines, the shell is supposed to be lying on its side with the ligament furthest removed from the observer, and the beak to the right of it. The base will, of course, be nearest to him, and the anterior margin will be to his right, while the posterior margin will be to his left. This is my mode of arranging my whole cabinet, which contains over 9500 specimens of this family, each differing in sex, age, some characteristic, or in geographical distribution. In attempting to make a complete synopsis of the Unionide, much labor has necessarily been expended. Ido not present this as a perfect work, but it has been made as nearly so as the opportunities in my possession permitted. Errors may have arisen from two sources: first, default of judgment; second, from accident, owing to the mass of research necessary to accomplish the object, considering the crude state the subject has been in. I shall be most agreeably disappointed if there be not parts pointed out as erroneous which are substantially correct. It will be observed that the works of M. Rafinesque are but little quoted. This has arisen from the utter impossibility of satisfying myself as to his species, causing me at an early period to abandon the task of making out his very imperfect descriptions. His own discrep- ancy in the names sent to Ferussac,’ and those which are attached to specimens here, together with the want of accordance in the tables made out by his friends, have induced me to regard his claims as being too slender to rely upon the decisions, so contradictory, of the several parties, in the absence of the individual specimens noted. In the absence of these specimens, which no naturalist has, I believe, ever seen but the Professor, I feel myself compelled to prefer other authorities, which are now almost universally received by our malacologists. I am the more fortified in this conclusion, when I see that Mr. Conrad, his most ardent advocate, acknowledges that he (Rafinesque) has made six species from a single one;* and the absurdity is still stronger when we turn to M. Rafinesque’s monograph, and find that this single species has furnished several genera, and is placed, in fact, in two different sub-families ! 1 How far M. Rafinesque ought to be considered worthy of authority at home and abroad may be understood by the opinions of the following distinguished writers. The late Dr. Binney, in his admirable work on “Terrestrial Mollusques of the United States,” says the papers of Rafinesque “are not deemed worthy of any con- 1 “Ties erreurs involontaires qui échappent a M. Rafinesque dans ses envois augmentent aussi la difficulté de reconnaitre ses especes. Nous avons regu de lui les mémes coquilles sous différents noms, et d’autres avec des noms évidemment autres que ceux qu’elles portent dans sa Monographie. I] en est résulté une difficulté inextricable pour la détermination de ses especes, et pour pouvoir établir une syno- nymie exacte entre lui et les autres qui, depuis, se sont occupés des Mulettes.”—Magasin de Zoologie, 1835, Class v., Nos. 59 et 60, p. 13. 2 U. triangularis. Conrad’s Synoptical Table of New Fresh Water Shells of the United States, p. 72. THE FAMILY OF UNIONID &. XXIX sideration:” vol. i. p. 36: “that they are considered to be destitute of authority, and entirely unworthy of notice.” p. 48. Prof. Asa Gray considered Mr. R. as entirely unworthy of authority, stating that “half his genera and species do not exist at present,” and that he described in ‘“‘ Natural History style twelve new species of thunder and lightning.”—Am. Jl. Scv., 1841. Deshayes, Traité B lémentatre, vol. ii. p. 198, says that Mr. R. has fallen into a deplorable excess, inspiring no confidence, giving descriptions of that which he did not know. The following note is from one of the very best of authorities among recent writers :— “Tt is much to be regretted that some modern naturalists have tried to find out and bring into use the obscure genera of Risso and the worthless fabrications of Montfort and Rafinesque, which had better have remained unknown.”— Woodward’s Rudimentary Treatise, p. 136. Did any naturalist ever believe in Mr. R.’s Zremesia patteloides, a trivalve shell of the Ohio river? (Monographie, p. 54, pl. 82, f. 22 and 24,in An. Gén. des Sev. Phys. & Bruxelles, 1820) the three valves of which, with the soft parts, he describes and figures in three views without pretending to have seen it, as he stated in the Am. Monthly Mag. ; and that he described it from the information of Mr. Audubon, who, it is believed, practised some joke upon him at Louisville, as appears in Mr. Audubon’s Memoirs. In regard to the Catalogue published last year by Baron Ferussac, in which he gives precedence to many of Mr. Rafinesque’s names, it must be remembered that this has been done on the authority of others, and not from his inspection of the specimens themselves. Had he known the manner in which these claims had been brought for- ward, he certainly would have admitted them with doubt, if he admitted them at all. The observation of Prof. Agassiz in Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1852, that “if the American Naturalists had followed Rafinesque’s track, instead of despising him we should have gained a good while ago a treasure of important additions to the anatomy of this family,” will surprise most students of American Natural History. T am not aware that a single cotemporary writer considered him worthy of authority or reliance of any kind. I so far disagree from Prof. Agassiz that I believe with some of our most distinguished naturalists that if Mr. Rafinesque had never written a word on the subject of American Malacology and other branches of Natural History, we should have been more advanced than we are now; for even Prof. Agassiz himself has been troubled to exhume Mr. Rafinesque’s genera, as he states in this paper that H xXx SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF UNIONIDA. the genera Amblema and Hllipsaria “are good for nothing,” that we can neither make use of these names nor of his Obliquaria : and further, “there are several other genera of Mr. Rafinesque’s, indeed, that I know not how to dispose of.”! If Prof. A. finds it so difficult to follow Mr. Rafinesque’s tracks, how can he blame the early American naturalists, who had so much less light than himself?’ The prejudice expressed above against “American Naturalists” is not warranted, and the whole career of the unfortunate Mr. Rafinesque in this country was not such as to excite the sympathy and the universal good feeling which existed among our early naturalists. When I commenced the study of our Fresh Water Shells I found that my predecessors, Messrs. Say and Barnes, did not credit him with a single species; they could not be satisfied of the identity of one. Other naturalists—Griffith, Hyde, Peale, Green, and Stew- art—thought three or four could be relied on, and these I adopted. I believe I was the first writer to allow him one. I studied his works faithfully, without prejudice, and certainly without profit, losing much time ineffectually. In 1836 the Ohio naturalists, Dr. Hildreth, Dr. Kirtland, Dr. Ward, Judge Tappan, Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Clark, after much consultation, made out a list for western naturalists to be finally adopted. They made out 119 species, of which they gave Mr. Rafinesque one, and that with doubt. Subsequently, when jealousies arose, Mr. Say and Mr. Conrad in 1834 published synoptical tables with the specimens of the North American Unionide before them, which it was said Mr. Rafinesque had labelled, but they could not with this light give any certainty to Mr. R.’s species, as these tables differ so much as to types and synonyms as to neutralize what their authorities might otherwise have been. The animus of Mr. Say’s synopsis may be understood in the fact that in it he did not give me a single species! while Mr. Conrad gave me twenty, and those evidently with reluctance. The first entry of Mr. Conrad’s Synopsis is U. abruptus, Say=cyclips, Raf., and calendis, Raf. Mr. Say’s Synopsis does not claim this species, nor does he enter Mr. Rafinesque’s two names at all. Mr. Conrad gives ater, Lea=lugubris, Say. Mr. Say reverses this, and makes my ater the synonym. Mr. Conrad gives cyphius, Raf.= cicatricosus, Say. While Mr. Say claims for himself cicatricosus as a type, &e. &e. 1 Prof. Leidy has been more fortunate in another line of investigation, as he has shown in ‘Haxtinct Mammalia of North America,” p. 876; that he found, in the examination of Mr. Rafinesque’s fossil mammals that he had made three fossil genera from the bones of the common recent deer, Cervus Vir- ginianus. THE FAMILY UNIONIDA. FAMILY NAIAD ES,.—Zamarek. GENUS MARGARON. I. SUBGENUS TRIQUETRA.'* All the species preceded by an * are in my Cabinet. The inner column forms the Synonyms. TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. *corrugata. Lam. Hyria avicularis. Lam. Child. Ayria corrugata. Lam. Sow. Chenu. Crouch. Desh. Guerin. Chenu. 4 Hyria rugosa. Cuv. 4 Han. || Hyria rosea. Lefev. Pot. B Hyria syrmatophora. Sow. Ouv. 2 |e Hyria transversa. Hupé. = Schom. Swain. Hupé. Han. Ss Tellina rosea. Bonh. =| Unio corrugata. Blain. = Mya angulata. Wood. 48 Hyria elongata?? Swain. © Unio rugosus. Wagner. S a Hyria cordata. Menke. | Paaxyodon ponderosus. Schum. SI Hyria complanata. Hupé. =| Triplodon rugosum. Spix. = Hyria Castelnauti. Hupé. in a Unio caudatus. Wagner. e *subviridis. A lein. Unio syrmatophora. Desh. 5 Mya syrmatophora. Gronovius. Gmel. Prisodon obliquus. Schum. fi Wood. Dill. Schreib. Schrot. Diplodon furcatum. Spia. The shell known to zoologists generally as Hyria corrugata, Lam., was long before placed by Klein under the generic name of Triquetra (Tentamen Methodi, 1753, p. 135, Pl. 9, Fig. 36), and Ferussac adopted it, very properly, in preference to Hyria. In my former editions, I placed Hyria in the subgenus Unio, but the animal has been found to possess two syphons, which ought, with other obvious differences, to separate it from Unio (Gray, Annals of Nat. Hist., Dec. 1840). Troschel, in Wiegmann’s Archives, describes the soft parts and the cicatrices. The cicatrices in the H. corrugata, he says, differ; which is true, as in the genus Hyria there exists usually a very well marked cicatrix, which is deeply impressed, distinct, and lies over the great anterior adductor cicatrix. He also says that the Unio delphinus belongs to this genus, as well as a new shell, Hyria humilis, from Guiana, described by him. * The figure of Blainville, pl. 67, fig. 1, is evidently the smooth Triquetra, and no doubt is subviridis. 5 Mr. Gray thinks this is a “perfectly distinct species.” I have never seen the shell, and feel too much in doubt to insert it as such. ; 0 bo (or) TRIQUETRA. SS) ( =‘ WIDE. contorta. Lea. T. lanceolata. Lea. Hyria lanceolata. Gray. Arconaia lanceolata. Con. TRIANGULAR. *Browniana. Zea. Han. Hyria humilis? Trosch.' SYMPHYNOTE TRIQUETRA. SMOOTH. NON-SYMPHYNOTE TRIQUETRA. NODULOUS 1 Referred to in Wiegmann’s Archives, 1847, from Guiana. PRISODON. 27 I]. SUBGENUS PRISODON.’ TRIANGULAR, TRIANGULAR. *truncatus. Schum. Unio ambigua. Blain. Desh. Sow. PLICATE. 2 Cast. ambigua. Lam. D'Orb. Cuv. | ¥ Mya ambigua. Wood. Z Sow. Guerin. Pot. Schum. S Tetraplodon pectinatum. Spix. a Swain. Chenu. Ss 3 Cast. quadrilatera. D’Orb.? z nodulosus.6 Wood. S| Cast. inflata. D?Orb. a |Z Mya nodulosa. Wood. Dill. E 3 Cast. turgida’ Hupé. 2 3 Chama plumbea. Mihif. ae Cast. retusa. Hupé. a 2 Unio plumbeus. (Imp. Cab. in Vien- = Cast. acuticosta. Hupé. Ss na.) S Cast. multisuleata. Hupé. S ss Cast. Castelnauit. Hupé. i S Cast. Crossiana. Hidalgo.* = 8 ; Cast. cordata. Hump. H. & A. 3 Duprel, Lecco.) (Chere. UX Adams. (ea 1 Schumacher, in his Nowveau Systéme, 1817, p. 138, formed the genus Prisodon, in which he included the two now well known shells Hyria syrmatophorus and Castalia ambigua. His name for the first can- not be applied, as Klein, in 1753, preoccupied this genus by naming it 7riquetra. Therefore it must be applied to Castalia, which name was given to the same shell by Lamarck in 1819. Mr. Gray, in his “Genera,” gives Schumacher priority in the name of Prisodon, in which he is perfectly correct. 2 I owe to the kindness of M. D’Orbigny specimens of this and inflata. I regret, however, that I am compelled to differ in opinion with this distinguished naturalist, believing, as I do, that there have been as yet observed but three species of Prisodon (Lamarck’s Castalia). 5] have all these five forms of M. Hupé’s in my collection, and have always esteemed them the truncatus Schum. * | have seen no specimen, nor has M. Hidalgo given a.figure; but I suspect that Crossiana is a more perfect specimen of ambigua than usual. I may, however, be entirely mistaken in this opinion. 5 In my second edition, p. 22, this shell was placed among the Uniones, with a note as to its analogues and its habitat. On my visit to Vienna in 1853, I found, in the Imperial cabinet, the right and left valves of two individuals under the name of Chama plumbea Mihlfeld, but then labelled Unio plumbeus. Having serrated teeth, it properly belongs here. See Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 6, p. 368. 6 A fine specimen is in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 28 SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. UNIO. Ill. SUBGENUS UNIO.’ TRIANGULAR. f {ortancunar. *Cumingi. Lea. *Hainesianus. Lea. Mart. Unio Cumingit. Reeve? (No. 264.) Unio imperialis. More. 7 gigas. Swain. Lea. subtrigonus. Sow.’ | Megadomus gigas. Swain. 5 *superbus. Lea. *Nicklinianus. Lea. Han. Unio macropterus.! Dunk. Unio velaris. Bens. *eximius. Lea. Mart. *oravidus. Lea. Mart. *Boykinianus. Lea. Chenu. 3 Unio abnormis. More. 3 z *inflatus. Lea. Kiist. Han. S *delphinulus.’ More. Symph. inflata. Lea, in Trans. Am. | ° | 3 12, Se e 3 *levissimus. Lea. Adams. Han. Unio Alabamensis. Con. elie Symph. levissima. Lea. Sh. & Hat. iz Swain. *delphinus. Grun. Lea. Kiist. Chenu. I Unio levissima. Deshayes. r *alatus. Say. Lam. Swain. Bar. *Myersianus. Lea. 5 Hild. Menke. Adams. Kiist. i Dekay. Potier. Deshayes. Con. Ortonii. Lea. Sow. Chenu. Han. Mya alata. Wood. Lat. *Housei. Lea. Mart. Symph. alata. Lea. Sh. & Hat. Lymnadia alata. Sow. Swain. *oracilis.6 Barnes. Hild. Desh. Han. Metaptera alata. Stimpson. (Agass. Adams. MSS.) Unio planus. Barnes. Unio fragilis. Swain. Kiist. *Heermannii. Lea. L Symph. gracilis. Lea. Sh. & Eat. ’ Retzius, Nova Testaceorum Genera, 1788. * Judging from the figure of Reeves, I should think it had been taken from Marg. complanata, Barnes. * The figure is very much like that of Hainesianus, Lea, and may be a half grown specimen. * Dr. Dunker received it from Danu-Luar River, Stimatra. 5 A well-characterized species from Honduras. * Mr. Swainson’s description of fragilis appeared in his Zool. Iil., dated 1822-1823; and Mr. Barnes’s in Silliman’s Journal for April, 1823. As I do not know which really was issued first, I have preferred to give preference to Mr. Barnes’s name, by which the shell has been universally known among our con- chologists. UNIO. 29 { TRIANGULAR. f { Mya plana. Kat. Coke Mya gracilis. Hat. Q a: Metaptera gracilis, Stimpson. (Agass. Unio heros. Say, Am. Conch. No. 6. Con. MSS. ) Unio atrocostatus. Reeve, No. 13. na 5 a OVAL. Z *oenerosus. Gould.’ Blan. *Hightsii, Lea, &\2 5 | 2 | opnone a pate casa alte : S *Neislerii. Lea. % 2 a *pressus.? Lea. S 2 Symph. compressa. Lea z . S : Sees Gif Ez *undulatus. Bar. Valen. Hild. Desh. a Complanaria alasmodontina® Stimp- | 3 | g 5) 4 Chenu. Han. son. (Agass. MSS.) 516 , F P B|S Unio costata? Raf. Unio compressus. Con. Adams. a | & ; . a Unio costatus. Con. Linsley. Dekay. Han. Ss peti a Unio plicatus. Con. : Z Vi lulata. : SanoTatuae Lea: E Mya undulata. Hat wf (QUADRATE. *perplicatus. Con. z *atromarginatus. Lea. Chenu. Unio Pearlensis. Con. Z § ‘ ee i : 2. alae *multiplicatus.’ Lea. Kirt. Potier. *atrocostatus. Lea. m)e2 Ch Hi a, | 3 venu. Han. Be Unio heros. Say, in Disseminator. Samos, Iban, Z Unio undulatus. Say, Am. Conch. S Zl No. 2, Pl. 16, Deshayes. 1 Dr. Gould (Boston Nat. Hist. Soc., April, 1847) says it resembles Margaritana Vondembushiana, Lea, now transferred to Monocondylea, D’Orb. 2In the Proceedings of the Am. Phil. Soc., vol. ii. p. 237, I changed compressus into pressus, the former name having been used by Sowerby for a fossil species. ’ Where did Barnes describe “ Unio Alasmodontinus, Barnes,” as quoted by Agassiz? 4“ Fresh water and land shells of Vermont.” His variety plebeius does not seem to me to differ. My brother, T. G. Lea, stated to me that he thought the U. pressus properly belonged to the genus Mar- garitana, and that the charged ovisacs were like those of WM. complanata. In all the fifteen which he found during several years, the ovisacs were charged. JI have since examined a female, and find this species has in the soft parts other characters like Margaritana, but not completely so, and having true lateral teeth, it must be placed with Unio. 6 When I described the multiplicatus in 1830, I had had several specimens for two or three years, and was not aware that Mr. Say had published a shell under the name of heros, which he subsequently abandoned as the wndulatus of Barnes; but in 1834 reclaimed as heros. The figure of Mr. Say in Ame- rican Conch., pl. 16, is certainly not U. undulatus, Bar., as he supposed. It is undoubtedly my multipli- catus, as a comparison of the two figures will prove. Mr. Say refers to Barnes’s fig., Am. Jl. of Science, vol. vi. pl. 2, as being the same with this; but a comparison will show that they are not alike in outline, in folds, nor in the beaks. 8 30 UNIO. QUADRATE. f TRIANGULAR. *plicatus.! Lesueur. Say. Bar. Sh. *Nyassensis. Lea. & Hat. Hild?? Swain. Chenu. Unio Nyasse. Sow. Han. Unio Peruviana. Lam. *Aferulus. Lea. Unio rariplicata. Lam. Desh. Unio Dombeyanus. Valen. *dimotus. Lea. Unio undulata. Desh. Unio Sumatrensis.t Lea. ; Unio multiplicata. Desh. . Unio crassus. Barnes. Lampreyanus. Baird & Adams. Mya plicata. Hat. a : fh Chinensis. Lea. A *infucatus. Con. a zZ Unio securiformis. Con. Z OBLIQUE. : : ale ance an) 2 : Tientsinensis. Crosse & D. E Unio liratus. Shuttleworth. : 5 soutagenar. WEEE: a a : ; E snclous: Glen eon. E Unio subtortus. Baird & Ad. Z Z SA ie S Wapeanensis, Con. S Swainson” Sow. Reeve. Unio dorsuosus. Gould. OVAL. TRIANGULAR. *corrugatus. Retzius. Speng. Lam. 4 *psammoicus. D’Orb. Hupé. Desh. Blan. Han. Mya corrugata. Miller. Chem. *“foliatus’ Hild. Chenu. Han. Schrot. Gmel. Wood. Dill. Unio flecuosus. Con. Schreib. Menke. Mya rugosa. Gmel. Wood. Dill. *celatus. Con. Han. Schreib. Mya nodosa? Gmel. Wood. Dil. *Kirki. Lea. Mya spuria. Gmel. Wood. Schreid. 1 A difficulty exists in the minds of some naturalists as to whom this name properly belongs, and it is often given to Mr. Say. Mr. Lesueur gave the first specimen obtained to Mr. Say under this name; but Mr. Say, believing it to be only a variety of crassus, so stated in Nicholson’s Ency., Am.ed. It still, however, kept the name of plicatus, Lesueur, without any description, until Mr. Barnes, in Am. Jl. of Science, 1823, p. 120, described it as Lesueur’s. Therefore, if not Lesueur’s, it is Mr. Barnes’s species. . 2 It is extremely difficult to make out the species described by Dr. Hildreth in the American Journal of Science. It appears, from a note by the editor, that he did not insert all the figures sent by Dr. H., but left out those which Mr. Barnes had already, as he thought, figured in the Journal. Unfortunately, in this omission Mr. Barnes’s figures are not referred to, and we are, therefore, in doubt whether Dr. H. recognized, justly or not, Mr. Barnes’s species. ° The male of foliatus is certainly a triangular shell; the female differs in form very much, having a deep inflection on the posterior basal margin. It may be doubted if this should be considered a plicate shell. I think that the folds of the growth, particularly in the male shells, require it to be placed here. * Sumatrensis being preoccupied by Dr. Dunker, I change the name to dimotus. ° Mr. Sowerby substituted this name for Uniopsis radiatus and mytiloides, Hanley, both being pre- occupied. UN LOR dl ( OVAL. OBLONG. Mya Gaditana. Lin. Schrevb. *Sloatianus. Lea: Chenu. Unio spuria. Lam. Unio aratus. Con. Unio triradiata.. MSS. in Museum at Unio plectoforus.- Con. Paris. Unio fulmineus. Phili. *rufofuscus. Lea. Potamida corrugata. Swain. Naia corrugata. Swain. navigioliformis. Lea. Burtoni. Woodw. Reeve: phicatulus.. Lea. « Tinékene, Shon,» J2zano hyleus: D’Orb: Schom. Unio Guarianus. D’Orb. avoyensis. Gould. Blan. : : y *trapezoides. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio parma. Ben. a 5 Ss Unio erassidens. Lam. Var. a. : Unio interruptus? Say. Desh. *crespisulcatus. Ben. Blan. : ‘ Homsensis. Lea. *occatus. Lea. Blan. SUBROTUND. asperulus. Lea. *Brazosensis. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. PLICATE. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. PLICATE *pliciferus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Lincecumii: Lea. Unio carbonarius! Lea. Chenu. Unio plexus. Con. WIDE. Unio erocodilorum. More. *ellipticus. Spix. Mori. : Diplodon ellipticum’ Spiz. 5 : : Dalia iL, D?Orl *rusticus. Lea. Mart. Unio multistriatus. et. rb. : Han. ane Unio psammactinus. Phili. diminutus. Zea.” Es - *Japanensis. — Lea. *laticostatus. Lea. *cucumoides. Lea. Chenu. *hippopeeus. Lea. Unio Cumingii. Dunk.! 1 U. carbonarius is the old and eroded of pliciferus. 2 Mr. Say, in his “Synonymy,” claims precedence in this species, although my Memoir bears date May, 1830, while his is December, 1831. (See Transylvania Journal, vol. y.) The reader will not, after this, be surprised to be told that Mr. Say does not allow me, in his very incorrect “Synonymy,” to be the discoverer of a single new species of Unio from our western waters!! I may be allowed also to state, that I do not understand why he gives the same name to two of his different numbers: thus, he calls No. 17, U. interruptus, Rafin.; and No. 47, U. interruptus, Say. The species are evidently distinct. ; 8 T have no doubt of D. ellipticum being the same with my Unio multistriatus, and it is a true Unio. Mr. Barnes gave the same specific name to an American Unio, but it had been previously described by Lamarck as ligamentinus. * Comes from Richmond River, Australia. Zeitschrift fir Malak., 1846, p. 109. 32 UNIO. [ WIDE. WIDE. *subtentus. Say. Con. Desh. Han. *Shurtlefiianus. Lea. Blan. *Hembeli. Con. *oratiosus. Phil. *Osbeckii. Phili. *humilis. Lea. Mart. Unio Shanghaiensis. Lea. Unio digitiformis. Sow. *Dunkerianus. Lea. *Wrighti. Lea. *Murchisonianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio Douglasie. Gray. Baird & *Conradianus. Lea. Han. : Adams. *rubellinus. Lea. *nuxpersicus.2 Dunk. *acutissimus. Lea. Con. Chenu. Han. *Grayanus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio Grayit. In Griffith’s Cuvier. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. PLICATE NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES PLICATE *parvulus. Lea. ARCUATE, *penicillatus. Lea. *ponderosus. Sol. Han. Mya ponderosa. Solan. Dill. Natalensis. Lea. Mya crassa. Wood. *phaselus. Lea. Vignonana. Reeve. *scobinatus. Lea. QUADRATE. Unio Mandarinus. More. *lacrymosus’ Lea. Chenu. Han. Sh. Unio pellis-lacerti. More. & Kat. Theliderma lacrymosa. Swain. fluctiger. Lea. Unio quadratus. Reeve. crispatus. Gould. Blan. *Forsheyi. Lea. 1Jn Jardines’s Mag. Zool. and Botany, vol. i. p. 285, Mr. Gray claims precedence for his name Dou- glasie. He published it in Griffith’s Cuvier, bearing the date of 1834. My description, published in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 5, dates March 16, 1832. (Note 1867. Messrs. Baird and Adams, in Zool. Proc., May 9, 1867, are entirely incorrect in making Murchisonianus (1832) a synonym to Douglasiz (1834), saying that ‘‘Mr. Lea some years after described and figured a species from China,” &e. Quite the contrary; I described it, some years before, in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 5. In the same paper, Messrs. Baird and Adams say that “after a careful examination of the description and figure of U. Shanghatensis (Lea), they are satisfied that it is the same, and that the name of Douglasiz must there- fore stand.” That “the three species are identical.” This is another error. Shanghaiensis is really the same as Osbeckii, Phili., with which I have some years since placed it in my MS. for this edition of Synopsis.) * The specimen given to me by Dr. Dunker is so much like a young Murchisonianus, Lea, that I think it will prove to be the same species. ’ It is a matter of some doubt if this be more than a beautiful variety of asperrimus (nobis). Future observation must determine. Ferussac and some other zoologists believe it to be distinct. Dr. Ward says they ‘are certainly distinct.” NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. ’ UNIO. QUADRATE. *speciosus, Lea. *asperrimus.! Lea. Han. Unio quadrulus.2 Say, Con. Unio nobilis. Con. *Rumphianus. Lea. *Blandianus. Lea. *fragosus2 Con. Han. *Phillipsu. Con. Kiist. Han. S gS ethae Aa az, *Cincinnatiensis.t Lea. Chenu. 5 =) isal 3 is S ey *pustulatus. Lea. Chenu. Han. 3 A Unio nodulatus. Oon. a — 1 A *Schoolerafti.6 Lea. Han. Z, Si ; S Unio prasinus. Con. Zz Unio nodiferus. Con. XN TRIANGULAR. *apiculatus. Say. Con. Chenu. Han. *asper. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Dorfeuillianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *stapes. Lea. Con. Chenu. Han. *tuberosus. Lea. Ohenw. [ NODULOUS. { TRIANGULAR. *sparsus. Lea. Chenu. *metanevrus. Raf. Con. Kiist. Sh. & Hat. Han. Unio nodosus. Bar. Hild. Chenu. Unio rugosus (Flat). Bar. Hild. Adams. Telederma metanevra. Swain. Hat. Kat. Mya nodosa. Mya rugosa. *Wardii. Lea. Con. *intermedius. Bar. Han. Mya cornuta. Hat. Unio refleca? Raf. Unio reflecus. Con. Unio torulosus. Raf. fide Sh. & Hat. *cornutus. SUBROTUND. *pustulosus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio verrucosus.- Bar. Var. b. Unio verrucosa. Valen. Unie verrucosus albus. of Hildreth.® Unio bullatus. Say; but not Con. Tea. *speericus, Lea. *asperatus. Lesueur. 1 Mr. Say supposed this to be the rugosus, Barnes. were under my inspection, and proved to be—the one a flat metanevra, Rafin., the other a plicatus, undoubtedly the plicatus, Lesueur and Say. * This variety of asperrimus I have had in my cabinet for about twenty-five years, and always regarded it as too similar in its characters to raise it to a distinct species. * This shell has been considered the female of asperrimus (nobis), but I have no doubt of its being distinct. Two specimens referred to by Mr. B. as rugosus Mr. B., in his reclamation, recognizes his rugosus as U. Peruviana, Lam., which shell is Some of our best western naturalists think it to be the true rwgosus of Barnes. * This may be found to be the male of Phillipsii Con., when the soft parts shall be examined. ° Prof. Kirtland thinks this may prove only a variety of pustulosus (nobis), but I am not of that opinion. ° A specimen sent to me by Dr. Hildreth as Unio verrucosus albus, proved to be a true irroratus (nobis). 9 34 UN LO; SUBROTUND. SUBROTUND. *Kienerianus. Lea. *orandidens. Lea. *vallatus. Lea. OBLIQUE. *Msopus. Green. Han. *turgidus. Lea. Chenu. Han. ‘oe Unio cicatricosus. Con. Unio Mortoni. Con. Unio cyphius. Con. *Cooperianus. Lea. Kirtl. Han. *varicosus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio cicatricosus? Savy." *verrucosus. Bar. Sh. & Hat. Chenu. Unio cicatricosus. Con. Han. Ting ° . Unio tuberculata? Raf. *perplexus. Lea. Kirtl. Chenu. Han. Unio tuberculosa. Valen. . Unio gibbosus? Raf. Unio verrucosus purpureus. Hild. Unio tuberculatus. Con. Mya verrucosa. Kat. Unio gibbosus. Con. Kiist. (Fig. 3.) Unio gubernaculum. Reeve. propinquus. Lea. refulgens. Lea. OVAL. *semigranosus. Phil. Unio explicatus. More. Unio corium. Leeve. *oraniferus. Lea. Chenu. Han. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. NODULOUS NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES NODULOUS. *pernodosus. Lea. *irroratus. Lea. Sh. & Hat. Desh. im, Oiicrant *Leail. Gray. Benson’ Unio verrucosus albus. Hild. Unio nodulosus. Heeve. Unio stegarius. Con. WIDE. *caperatus. Lea. granosus. Brug. Lam. Chenu. Han. Unio abacoides. Hald. Tridea granosa. Swain. *dromas. Lea. Han. *tuberculatus. Bar. Sh. & Hat. Hild. Adams. Chenu. Han. *Aberti. Con. Unio pustulata. Swain. Unio Lamarckianus. Lea. Mya tuberculata. Hat. * Never having seen the specimen described by Mr. Say as cicatricosus, I am unable to decide if it be the same with varicosus (nobis). Two things mentioned by Mr. Say induce me to doubt it. He calls his ‘“‘a common species,” and says it is “distinguishable by the single series of transverse elevations on the middle.” These remarks do not apply to varicosus, but they do to Msopus, Green. I have always deemed it a rare shell. * Kuster figures (3) a male perplexus (nobis) as gibbosus, Raf. If his fig. 4 be taken from Mr. Con- rad’s Monog., pl. 27, fig. 2, it is a sulcatus, Lea. * Dr. Cantor, in the Annals of Nat. Hist., vol. 9, p. 489, gives the habitat of this species in Chusan and in Canton River. He also describes a Unio, under the name of divergens, being “tuberculato- plicata;” also, an Anodonta (gibbum), both from Chusan. Mr. Benson, in Journal Asiatic Soc., 1855, says that divergens is distantly related to undulatus, Bar. WIDE. Novee Hollandieze. *eylindricus. Han. Swain. Chenu. s Unio naviformis. Lam. Valen. Desh. |. Mya cylindrica. Kat. TRIANGULAR. *spinosus. Lea. Chenz. Canthyria spinosa, Swain. SPINOUS. *collinus. Con. QUADRATE. *Wymanii. Lea, Aveia. Ben. TRIANGULAR. *Kraussu2 Lea. Castalia sulcata. Krauss. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. *rubidus. Lea. Lea. * negatus, SULCATE. *Averyl. Lea. Lea. *encarpus. *Gabbianus. Lea. *Granadensis. Lea. *Hstabrookianus. Lea. Unio striatissimus. Anth. Gray. Han. Blain. Han. UNIO. Say. Sh. & Hat. Hild. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SULCATE. TRIANGULAR. *Nicaraguensis.* *planior. *rugososulcatus. *Meredithii. OVAL. *stramineus. *Gerhardtii. *aratus. *Dysonii. *Caldwellii. *tripartitus. *Rowellii. melleus. *Paramattensis. *effulgens. *vittatus. *Syriacus. OBLONG. *Scamnatus.> Unio Grundlachi. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Con. Han. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. More. Dunk. 1 Deshayes, in Hncly. Meth. Vers., tom. ii. p. 580, No. 5. 2 Von Martens considers Wymanti to be a synonym to delodontus, Lam.; but, on a re-examination of the specimens, I am surprised at his conclusion. ’ Dr. Dunker, at Cassel, gave me a shell under the name of Castalia sulcata Krauss, from Surinam. But it is not a Prisodon (Castalia); for, although it has the outline and general appearance, the teeth are not striate, but granulate. It therefore belongs to the triangular Uniones, and the name of Unio sulcata being preoccupied it must be changed, which I do to that of the able discoverer, Prof. Krauss— Unio Kraussii. This species has remarkable transverse furrows like some of the species of Cyrena. * Lake Nicaragua, C. A. 5 This very distinct and interesting species is from Cacajagicara River and Taco-taco River, Cuba. It is covered with transverse furrows. 36 UNIO. OBLONG. TRIANGULAR. *Shuttleworthii. Lea. Unio formosus2 Lea. (Male.) Chenu. Unio cuneatus. Swain. Demararaensis. Lea. Mya triangularis. Hat. e persulcatus. Lea. *Waccamawensis. Lea. 3 3 se *Verreauxianus. Lea. *Foremanianus. Lea. Ohenu. Unio velatus. Con. of SUBROTUND. wo Bn a *Newcombianus: Lea. B *Woodwardianus. Lea, z, L Unio sagrinatus. Sow. z ge e =) *trinacrus. Lea. S QUADRATE. © SU Geers ae L E 8 *compactus. Lea. S *arceformis. Lea. Desh. Chenu. Han. Be | a I a ‘ GL , a : is tev tascam” Shuey a *elegans.2 Lea. Chenu. Han. tH a ae oe Unio truncatus. Say. Zz Leibii. Lea. 4 J a : Zz 6 F | is *donaciformis.t Lea. Desh. Ohenu. ; tesserule. Lea. = Han. g drans, | a SDA ee aida *ziozag. Lea. Sh. & Eat. Desh. wats Chenu. Han. *Berlandierii. Lea. *heterodon ea. Con. Desh. Lins. TRIANGULAR. JE, *triangularis. Bar. Sh. & Hat. Hild. Say. Han. { *penitus.’ Con. 1 Say and Conrad both commit the error of giving precedence to nexus. My description of arce- formis is in my memoir, read before the American Philosophical Society, May 20, 1831, while Mr. Say’s was first described in the Transylvania Journal, of December, 1831. Subsequently, he republished it in his American Conchology, No. 6, where he places erroneously the date of 1832 to my memoir. * Mr. Barnes’s description of triangularis was made from a female shell, and mine of formosus from the male. There being an obvious distinction of the sexes in every specimen, my error was a very natural one, as we were not at the time acquainted with the sexual differences in the Naiades. ° Mr. Say thinks that Mr. Barnes’s undulatus, Var. a, is the same with elegans. I think differently, and would fortify my opinion in the fact that Mr. B. does not mention the zigzag rays which are strikingly singular in the elegans, and could not have failed to elicit his remarks had it been under his eyes. *T have expressed my doubts, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. iv. p. 84 (p. 94 in “ Observations on the Genus Unio,” &c.), if this be more.than a fine variety of zigzag (nobis). Mr. Say gives it as a synonym to nervosus, Raf., and Mr. Conrad as truncata, Raf. Prof. Kirtland thinks this may be the female of zigzag. Iam disposed to think that zigzag should be considered only a variety. If the soft parts prove to be the same, then certainly zigzag is a variety of donaciformis. ° Mr. Conrad describes a Unio (Am. JI. Sc., v. 21, Sec. Ser., p. 172) under the name of diversus, from Shoal Creek, North Alabama, which, he says, is remarkably like heterodon in form and teeth. °T received from Judge Tait, of Alabama, in 1830, several specimens of this species, but they were not sufficiently perfect to induce me to publish them. Mr. Conrad does not mention the rays, a very peculiar character of which is their being dotted somewhat like those of seewris (nobis), but in a lighter manner. UNIO. 37 if TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. *compressissimus. Lea. Unio cuneatus. Bar. Sh. & Eat. Fld. *securis, Lea. Sh. & Hat. Desh. Unio niger? Raf. Chenu. Han. Unio niger. Con. Kiist. Unio depressa?! Raf.; but not of Mya cuneata, Hat. Lam. Unio lineolatus. Say. incrassatus. Lea, *, : *corvus. Lea. *abacus. Hald. z *macrodon. Lea. *camelus2 Lea. Han. *Forbesianus. Lea. *ovatus. Say. Lam. Bar. Valen. Sh. & Hat. Hild. Con. Kiist. Han. Unio ventricosus. Desh. Unio subovatus. Desh. Unio occidens. Desh. Mya ovata. Kat. Aiylia ovata. Swain. *oibber. Lea. Chenu. Han. lunifer. Bourg. *pumilus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Orbignyi. Deville and Hupé. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH *dorsatus. Lea. *rubiginosus. Lea. Desh. Chenu. Han. *excavatus. Lea. Ohenu. Unio flavus. Con. Kiist. Unio cerinus. Oon. Kiist. *perradiatus. Lea. Cunicula rubiginosa. Swain. *Canadensis. Lea. jaspideus (Mono.) Hupé. involutus. Bens. Blan. *striatulus. Lea. *satur. Lea. Chenu. *pudicus. Lea. *subovatus2 Lea. Chenu. Han. *aureus. Lea. *erassidens.t Lam. Chenu. Han. *amabilis. Lea. 1 Mr. Conrad makes depressa, Raf., ellipsaria, Raf., and securis (nobis), synonymous with lineolata, Raf. Mr. Say does the same, with the exception of ellipsaria, which he considers distinct; while Mr. Rafinesque himself places lineolata and ellipsaria in different subgenera! ! *Tam much disposed to think this a variety of phaseolus, Hild. Dr. Kirtland considers it such in his Ohio Reports. § Mr. Say makes “ventricosus, Bar., occidens (nobis), swbovatus (nobis), (var.), and capax, Green (var.),” synonymous with cardiwm, Raf. In my opinion, they form at least three, perhaps four, distinct species. * Crassidens, Var. a, Lam., is trapezoides (nobis). 5M. Hupé says it is Alasmodonta, but I suspect it to be Monocondylea. 10 38 UNIO. TRIANGULAR. TRIANGULAR. habetatus. Con. *Riddellii. Lea. *succissus. Lea. *Chunu. Lea. *olandaceus. Lea. *irrasus. Lea. *Bigbyensis. Lea. Chenu. *Rajahensis. Lea. Chenu. Blan. rose, Ibea, *favidens. Ben. Blan. *maculatus.! Con. *stabilis. Lea. : ee *Barnesianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. instructus. Lea. t Or i . . / . Peers SEE Nagpoorensis. Lea. Blan SMOOTH. cyrenoides. Phili. *cuneolus. Lea. Chenu. J *Holstonensis. Lea. Chenu. *Clinchensis. Zea. *tumescens. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. *personatus. Say. Unio pileus. Lea. Han. *fulgidus. Lea. Unio capillaris. Lea. (female.) *Hartmanianus. ea. *Stewardsoni. Lea. *Taitianus. Lea. *biemarginatus. Lea. f=) % . ‘solidus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Sowerbianus.2 Lea. Con. Kiist. Han. : ¥ *obliquus. Lam. Menke. Han. *Othcaloogensis. Lea. Unio undatus. Bar. Hild. Kiist. Unio trigonus Say. Con.; not of *trigonus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Lea. Perfect specimens of Unio Ravenelianus (nobis) look so much like maculatus, that I am disposed to think, when many specimens of both are examined, they will prove to be the same species. Ravenelianus has precedence. * See note on Haysianus, Lea, p. 41. ; * Say and Conrad both give érigonus (nobis) as a synonym to undatus, Barnes. It is difficult for me to understand why they should not at once, on comparison, be recognized as different species. The trigonus is always more angular on the umbonial slope, and the undulations at the tips of the beaks differ. This may be observed particularly in the young and perfect specimens. If a doubt could be admitted as to the difference of the form of the shell, the color of the animal in t7igonus would at once settle the question. It is peculiar, being red. Some years since, when I described this species, I deposited a specimen in the Academy of Natural Sciences of this city, with its proper name appended. Subsequently, I found the Academy had prefixed the name of wndatus, Barnes, to the label. There is not a doubt as to its being specifically different. UNIO. 39 TRIANGULAR. { { TRIANGULAR. Unio mytiloides. Sh. & Hat. Uniopsis mytiloides. Swain. Onio undulatus. Desh. Unio cordatus? Raf. OBLIQUE. Unio cordatus. Con. Kiist. *Troostil. Lea. Han. Unio caridiacea. Guerin. Unio trabalis. Con. Mya undata. Hat. *trossulus. Lea. *plenus. Lea. lepidus. Gould. *pyramidatus. Lea. Kiist. Chenu. picus oula Desh. Han. Unio rubra? Raf. Unio mytiloides. Con. Unio cardiacea. Desh. *Tioris. Fer. Unio Tigridis. Bourg. SMOOTH. *Pazi. Lea. *Bournianus. Lea. Chenu. eee ‘ *terminalis.2 Bourg. DMouss. Trist. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. *Edgarianus. Lea. Chenu. : : *tumidulus. Lea. *Mooresianus. Lea. cor. Oon. Han. *mytiloides.! Raf. Swain; not of Desh. truncatus. Swain. Han. Unio triangularis. Con. Unio rubra. Con. *Boureuignatianus. Lea. Unio caridiacea. Con. Mya obliqua. Wood. | *dignatus. Lea. 1 Tt is a matter of great doubt if this name ought to be admitted at all in this table. It was applied, many years since, by the naturalists of this city, without reference to any particular specimen, but, as it now appears nearly certain, incorrectly. Dr. Ward says the description and outline would “equally well apply to six or eight different species.’ The difficulty of recognizing Mr. Rafinesque’s species is well illustrated in this one. Mr. Conrad, in New Fresh Water Shells U. S., considers triangularis, Raf., as the type, and gives the following names of the same author as synonyms, viz., lateralis, sintowia, pachostea, mytiloides, and rubra; thus charging him with making six species of one. But, what is still more extraordinary, this single species (agreeably to Mr. Conrad’s synonyms) is not only divided by Mr. R. into different subgenera, but into different genera, and even into TWO DIFFERENT SUB-FAMILIEs!! See New Fresh Water Shells of the United States, p. 712, and Mr. Rafinesque’s Monographie. In Mr. Say’s Synonymy, triangularis, Raf., is considered to be the same as ellipsis (nobis)! Deshayes described a different shell under the name of mytiloides. (Ency. Meth., p. 249, Fig. 4.) I doubt from this figure if it be not a complanatus. We certainly have in our rivers, occasionally, specimens of this protean species very closely resembling this figure. M. Deshayes’s figure has some resemblance to an imperfect Batavus. The habitat is not known. The confusion is increased by Mr. Conrad’s subsequent attempt at correction. In Monography, 1836, he makes mytiloides a type, and puts rubra, Raf., pyramidatus, Lea, and caridiacea, Guérin, as synonyms. Subsequently, in Synopsis of 1853, mytiloides and triangularis are both dismissed as types, and the former made synonym to clava, Lam., while the latter is made synonym to triqueter, Raf.!! 2 Mr. Tristam, in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 543, says he thinks that terminalis and Jordanicus, Bourg. are the same, and that dignatus (nobis) seems to him to be identical with terminalis, but I doubt it. 40 UNIO. OBLIQUE. OBLIQUE. *bulbosus. Lea. *Murrayensis. Lea. *Hanleyianus. Lea. *oviformis. Con. *flavidulus. Lea. *argenteus. Lea. Chenu. *pallidofulvus. Lea. *pyriformis. Lea. *interventus. Lea. *castus. Lea. *decisus. Lea. Con. Kiist. Chenu. *Ravenelianus. Lea. Han. Han. Unio rudis. Con. *erebrivittatus. Lea. ravistellus. Jfore. *consanguineus. Lea. modicus. Lea. *Chattanoogaensis. Lea. *Troschelianus. Lea. *anaticulus. Lea. Reeve. *medius. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH *curtus. Lea. *striatus. Lea. *clavus. Lam. Oon. Menke. LKiist. *Rangianus.? Lea. Chenu. Han. Han. Unio gibbosus. Kiist. (Pl. 4, Fig. 4.) Unio scalenia. Raf. 4 a Unio modioliformis. Say; not of Lea. Sampson ee *sulcatus. Lea. Sh. & Hat. Say. Desh. Chenu. Swain. Han. Unio ridibundus. Say. Sh. & Hat. *patulus. Lea. Oon. Desh. Chenu. Han. *Lesleyi. Lea. (Female.)? Unio pectitus* Con. Jl. A. N.S, *mundus. Lea. vol. 2, p. 297.) ‘J doubt if the figure of Reeve (199) be made from a true anaticulus. * This species has been supposed by some naturalists to be the same with perplexus (nobis). Mr. Clark, of Cincinnati, informs me that the animal differs in color, being lighter. It is known there vulgarly as the ““White Mouth.” They are certainly distinct species. * For some years, I was satisfied that Mr. Say’s ridibundus was only a variety of sulcatus (nobis). There cannot now, however, be a doubt that it is the female of that species; and it may be remarked that this serrated shell is usually found smaller than the other; a circumstance common with the females of some other species. Mr. 8. describes and figures ridibundus in No. 1 of American Conchology, but does not insert it in his Synonymy, in No. 6. *Mr. Conrad described and figured a male and female shell from the Wabash under this name. There is no doubt in my mind of their being the same with sulcatus, Lea (male), and ridibundus, Say (female). Mr. C. thinks this species has some analogy to lenior, Lea, but it has not the same outline, and differs in other characters. He thinks the males have been “confounded with that of torulosus, Raf.;” but what is torulosus, Raf.? Mr. C. considers it, in his Synonymy, the same with perplexus, Lea. Mr. Say, however, discards torulosus, Raf., and considers perplexus, Lea, as a synonym to gibbosus, Raf. Mr. C.’s figure of metastriatus is much more like lenior, Lea. UNIO. 41 OBLIQUE. OVAL. Unio gibbosus. Con. Thwaitesii. Lea. Blan. Unio perobliquus, Con, *TLecontianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. x : 1 5 2 Haysianus.’ Lea, Han, Unio contrarius. Con. *ellipsis.2? Lea. Say. Sh. & Hat. Po- tier. .Chenu. Han. Unio brevialis? Sow. *spissus, Lea. *Downiel. Lea. *crapulus. Lea, *Satillaensis. Lea. *Higoinsii. Lea, *oeminus. Lea. *castaneus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *perdix. Dea. Han. *Johannis. Lea. Unio pectorosus. Con. Kiist. *Genthii. Lea. *ventricosus. Bar. Adams. Dekay. Han. Unio radiatus. Hild. Lampsilis ventricosa. Stimp. (Agass. *modicellus. Lea. ‘MSS.) Mya ventricosa. Hat. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH *pulvinulus. Lea. *Arkansasensis. Lea. *occidens2 Lea. Sh. & Hat. Han. Unio ventricosus. Say. Unio lenis (junior). Con. Unio cardium. Con. OVAL. *Tampicoensis, Lea. Chenu. Han. *Coloradoensis. Lea. erty noaaai alba: lineatus. Lea. Chenu. *porphyreus. Lea. L *dolabreeformis. Lea. Chenu. Han. 1T am very much disposed to think that Haysianus will prove to be the female of Sowerbianus (nobis). They differ much in size, but in other characters are much alike, except in the female enlargement. The latter is the larger, and has never, so far as I know, been found with charged branchial uteri. The former usually has them charged, I am informed. 2 Mr. Say, in his American Conchology, refigures this, and recognizes my name. Subsequently, in his Synonymy, he makes it a synonym of triangularis, Raf. Mr. Conrad says it is olivarius, Raf. 8 This and the preceding shell are so nearly allied, that it is a matter of doubt with me if it would not be preferable to unite them. Dr. Ward thinks they are male and female. Subsequent examination may throw sufficient light upon them to decide with certainty. Among Mr. Barnes’s varieties of ventri- cosus, it is evident there are several distinct species. Prof. Kirtland, in Ohio Reports, says it is impos- sible, with our present knowledge, to draw lines of specific distinction between the group consisting of ovatus, ventricosus, occidens, subovatus, Ke. 11 NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. subovatus, Lea, while Mr. Conrad considers it as occidens, Lea. and I had considered it so for some years before either Dr. Green or I described it. SMOOTH. UNIO. OVAL. *capax.! Green. Con... Kiist. Sym. globosa. Lea. Unio ventricosus. Reeve. *splendidus. Lea. Han. *ochraceus. Say. Con. Gould. Lins- ley. Dekay. Migh. Potier. Han. Sym. ochracea. Lea. 3 Unio rosaceus. Con. Lampsilis ochracea. Stimpson. (Agass. MSS.) Mya ochracea. Hat. Lea. *delicatus. stagnalis. Con. Unio Ogeecheensis. Con. Lea. *Clarkianus. *erocatus. Lea. Chenu. *Cambodiensis. Zea. *affinis. Lea. Mauritianus. Lea. *cariosus. Say. Bar. Gould. Linsley. Dekay. Potier, Sh. & Hat. Han. Unio cariosa2 Lam. Unio ovata. °Valen. Unio luteola. Con.; not of Lam. Unio oratus. Con. Lampsilis cariosa. Stimpson. (Agass. MSS.) Mya cariosa. Fat. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. OVAL. *Spillmanii. Lea. *fascinans. Lea. *vivescens. Lea. *Georgianus. Lea. Chenu. perovatus. Con. Han. *altilis. Con. Han. callosus. Lea. *multiradiatus. Lea. Desh. Chenu. Han. Unio fasciola? Raf. Unio fasciolus. Con. Kiist. Unio ligamentina. Desh. *doliaris. Lea. saxeus. Con. perovalis. Con. Han. *capseeformis. Lea. Con. Han. *deviatus. Anthony. *turdigulus. Lea, *Florentinus. Lea. Unio sacculus. Anth. Han. Con. *Greenii.? Lea. *simplex. 1 Mr. Say considers capax as a variety of cardiwm, Raf., of ventricosus, Bar., of occidens, Lea, and short time, of which I was not aware, as it was published in an unusual periodical for such matter. 2 U. cariosa, Lam. (Var. 2), is the Alas. marginata, Say. Capax is a perfectly distinct species, He preceded me a ’ The description and figure in Mr. Conrad’s Monograph differ from those in his New Fr. Wat. Shells. UNIO. 43 OVAL. OVAL. *flavescens.! Led. *Rutersvillensis. Lea. *pictus.. Lea. Han. *Topekaensis, Lea. ovens JGan *planicostatus. Lea. *spatulatus. Lea. *pallescens. Lea. spatu eG es ; Sea WER Anthonyi. Lea. *licamentinus. Lam'$ Kiist. Unio crassus. Say. Bar’ Hild. Kirtl. Han. Unio ellipticus. Bar. Hild. Unio carinatus. Bar. Mya elliptica. Kat. Mya carinata. Kat. Mya crassa, Kat. Mya gravis. Wood. Unio fasciatus. Con’ Kiist. Mortonicus. Reeve. *Tennesseensis. Lea. Chenu. *interruptus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio teniatus. Oon. Han. Unio latiradiatus. Con. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONHES. SMOOTH *Menkianus2 Zea. Ohenu. Han. *bracteatus, Gould. *exactus. Lea. *Lindsleyi. L *purus. Lea. indsleyi. Lea. Pp # tat L *cognatus. Lea punctatus. Lea. onatus. 5 *Stonensis. Lea. *Plantii. Lea. *venustus. Lea. Chenu. *orbiculatus. Hild. Kirt? Han. Unio abruptus.® Say. Desh. *exiouus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio crassus. Con. 1 This may be a variety of Greenti, Lea. 2 Koch and Dunker described a fossil species (Menkei) in 1837: Beitrage zur Kenntniss, p.58. My species was described in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1836, and must therefore have precedence. ’ Having recently had access to Retzius’s work (1788), I find that he described a European Unio under the name of crassus, which species had been admitted into our systems under the name of crassis- simus, Fer., I now restore it to its proper place under the name of crassus. Mr. Say described his crassus as having “waves;”’ but his figure, inside view only, certainly is a species without “waves.” Deshayes thinks that U. ligamentinus is analogous to U. multiradiatus, and probably a young indi- vidual of it. This is not likely to be the case, however. The species are very different. 4 Mr. Barnes made eleven varieties of crassus; most of which were, no doubt, distinct species; some were plicate. : ° Mr. Conrad thinks the crassus of Say is fasciata of Rafinesque. An examination of his description ought to satisfy any-one that the crassus of Say could not have been under the eye of the author when he made his description of fasciata. 6 The specimen figured by Say, in Amer. Conch. No. 2, is a female shell. The male shell is not abrupt at the posterior margin. 44 UNIO, OVAL. . (OVAL, i *pinguis.. Lea. — *tener, Lea. Chenu. Australis. -Lam. Phil! Desh. Han. *Prevostianus. - Lea. . Hyridella Australis. Swain. 7 E *modioliformis. “Lea. Han. *Hydianus. Lea. Chenu. Adams. Han. ; ; - | *tenerus, Fav. Han. *approximus, - Lea. Hi *perpictus, - Lea. - *Aztecorum, Phili. ; *radiatus. Lam. Bar. Desh. (Eney. Ver. T. 2.) Menke. Gould. Lins- ley. Migh. Dekay. Kiist. Han. Unio Virginiana. Lam. Menke. - Unio obliquiradiatus. Reeve. Unio radiatus.® Speng. Unio distans. Anth. Mya radiata. Gmel. Wood. Diil. Schreib. Hat. *Claibornensis. Lea. Ohenu. Han. *Powellii. Lea. *Reeveianus. Lea. *Juteolus. Lam. Dekay. Han. ~ Unio siliquoideus? Bar. Con. Adams. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. | SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH Kiist. Mya oblongata. Wood. Unio inflatus. - Bar Mya pictorum tenuis. Chem. Unio melinus. Con. Lampsilis radiata. Stimpson. (Agass. Unio rosaceus. Dekay. MSS.) - — Lampsilis siliquoidea.s Stimp. (Agass. MSS.) o os Jordanicus. Bourg. Mous. Mya inflata. Eat. Unio Grelloisianus. Bourg. Mya siliquoidea, Eat. eae ae ee *apicinus. Lea. Chnrlensee Ee Gontierii. Bourg. L pulcher. Lea. Chenu. Han. -|-- | *Bruguierianus. Bourg. 1. Dr. Philippi figures a Unio under the name of Australis, Lam. (Conchylien, Tab. 5, Fig. 5), from New Holland, and says that U. ambiguus, Parreyss, is the young. I did not see Lamarck’s Australis, when in Paris; it was not in the Museum. ? Mr. Say makes siliquoideus the same with viridis, Raf. Ferussac, in his cabinet, makes it the same with fasciata, Raf. Mr. Conrad makes it the same with vittata, Raf. Ferussac, in his “Observations,” states the inextricable difficulty resulting from the confusion caused by Mr. Rafinesque. See ‘ Observa- tions,” p. 13, in Magazin de Zoologie. 3 Described from a female luteolus, Lam. * Prof. Agassiz says, in MSS. cited by Mr. Stimpson, that this is not identical with the Ohio River species usually called U. siliquoideus; but I think they are the same. ° T have never seen this species, but presume, from the figure in Griffith’s Cuvier, very poor as it evidently is, that it is a distinct species. In the index, Mr. Gray inserts, in brackets (Unio Chinensis), and says it has small compressed teeth. The figure looks something like a Monocondylea, D’Orbigny. ° Spengler, in Skriv. Nat. Hist., v. 3, cites radiatus from Miiller, and as coming from the East Indies. If from that part of the globe, it cannot belong to this species. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. UNIO. OVAL. Unio orientalis. Bourg. *regularis. Lea. Chenu. *Paraguayensis. Lea. Swinhoei. HH. Adams. Reeve. *amceenus. Lea. Chenu. *Sapotalensis. Lea. Chenu. *Oregonensis. Lea. *Medellinus! Lea. Ohenu. Han. *notatus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *micans. Lea. *perlucens. Lea. *subangulatus. Lea. *sparus. Lea. *Veracruzensis. Lea. *scitulus. Lea. *Goascoranensis. Lea. *oracilior. Lea. *obfuscus. Lea. *rutilans. Lea. *subellipsis. Lea. *datus. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. 45 f OVAL. Aucklandicus. Gray. *dispar. Lea. *coneestator. Lea. *lienosus.2 Con. Kiist. Han. *calliginosus. Lea. “firmus. Lea. *Nashvillensis.2 Lea. Han. *contiguus. Lea. *umbrans. Lea. *intercedens. Lea. *fallax. Lea. *obscurus. Lea. *oenuinus. Lea. *Zieglerianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *proximus. Lea. *nitens, Lea. *Copei. Lea. *Pybasii. Lea. *proprius. Lea. *tenebricus. Lea. *Pratti. Lea. figure. 1 Mr. Say’s purpuriatus and this may be the same. The description is in the Disseminator, Jan. 1, 1831. 2 Mr. Conrad, in his Monograph of Unionide, p. 61, considers Nashvillensis, Lea, to be the same with léenosus, Con.; but the former shell is certainly not the species figured by him pl. 34, f. 2. 12 I have never seen his specimens, and there is no 46 UNIO. f ‘OVAL. (OVAL. *Vanuxemiil. Zea. Chenu. Fellmani. Desh. *constrictus. Con. *Binneyi. Lea. *placitus. Lea. *utriculus. Lea. *buxeus. Lea. *lamellatus.’ Lea. Chenu. Blan. *concavus. Lea. curatus. Lea. *sudus. Lea. *viridiradiatus. Lea. *radians. Lea. *consobrinus. Lea. *difficilis. Lea. Layardii. Blan. puniceus. Hald. *Menzieni’? Gray. *Gouldiu. Lea. Keraudreni. Hyd. Blan. *delodontus. Lam. Chenu. Hupé. *Ferussacianus. Lea. Han. Unio lacteolus. Lea. D’Orb. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. *Delesserti. Bourg. z *piger. Lea. eucirrus. Bourg. OR aveomms, JEG Bagdadensis. Bourg. : Q *Vescoi. Bourg. *Uruguayensis. Lea. J Unio Swerzenbackii. Bourg. *apprimus. Lea. eee ee : Unio inornatus’ Han. Reeve. *Moussonianus. Lea. *contradens. Lea. Han. Unio Javanus. Lea. Chenu. Unio exilis.2 Dunk. *Monroensis. Lea. Unio mutatus. Mouss. luteus. ea. Blan. * Blanford considers this a variety of marginalis, but they are certainly distinct. I have some from Madras, and I doubt if Mr. B. has ever seen the species. * This remarkably compressed species was given to me by Mr. McAndrews, of Liverpool, under this name. I am not aware where Mr. Gray has described it. * Inornatus being preoccupied by me, I change this to versus, not being able to call it after Mr. Hanley or Mr. Reeve, both names being preoccupied by me. UNIO. 47 OVAL. { OVAL. *Bengalensis. Lea. Chenu. Blan.' *Batavus. Mat.and Ract. Lam. Nils. Han. Pfeif. Rossm. Flem. Stein. Bouch. An. purpurea. Valen. Puton. Potier. Dup. Brown. An. Chinensis. Kiist2 Desh. Menke. Mor. Goupil. Unio verecundus. Gould. Waard. Chenu. Fitz. Gras. 2 Grat. Siemase. Gerst. Brot. *locellus. Lea. Moq. Mya pictorum. Chem. Schroeter. Monta. Mya ovalis’ Soland. Mya Batava. Wood. Maton. Dill. Mysca Batava. Turton. Unio ater. Nils. Ross. Bourg. Maq. Unio riparia. Pfeif. Menke. Unio pictorum. Drap., Pl.11, Fig. 3. Unio fusculus. Zeigler. Miihl. Fitz. Unio gibba. Mihi. Pfeif. Unio Labacencis. Pfeif. Mihi. *prunoides. Lea. *peculiaris. Lea. *evitatus. Lea. *pilatus. Lea. *esruleus. Lea. Ben. Chenu. Blan. Han. Schmidt. Unio Gerbidoni. Hyd. Blan. Unio reniformis. Schmidt. Rossm. : Potier. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH Unio fuscus. Zeig. Pfeif. Unio consentaneus, Zeig. Rossm. *inornatus. Lea. mide. *parcus. Lea. Se ; # Unio amnicus. Zeig. Rossm. Po- Tile, Ban tier. Schmidt. Bourg. Unio Carynthiacus. Zeig. Rossm. i ; Potier. Schmidt. *substriatus. Lea. Unio decurvatus. Rossm. Potier. Schmidt. Bourg. *olivarius. Zea. Ben. Chenu. Blan? Unio sinuatus. Stud. Han. Unio planus. Stud. Onio dilatatus. Stud. *Nuttallianus. Lea. Blan. Unio Moquinianus. Dup. Merm. Rossm.. Grat. Mog. *Gabonensis. Aiist. | Unio atrovirens. Schmidt. 1 Mr. Blanford says it is a very peculiar variety of marginalis, and on the same page, says it is nearer to corrugatus than to marginalis! Also that it probably is not Indian, but “has better claims to distinction than most of Lea’s species.” It is very difficult for me to understand how any one, even with a little experience, can confound this species with any other, it is so very different. I doubt if Mr. B. has ever seen the species. It is not from the Ganges, but from Manilla, from whence many speci- mens were brought by Com. Wilkes’ Expedition. 2 The figure by Kiister has teeth, and cannot be an Anodonta. I think it must be the same as Bengalensis. ’ Mr. Blanford doubts if this be not the same with ceruleus, but they are different without doubt. ‘ Fide Dillwyn. 48 UNIO. OVAL. OVAL. Unio merdiger. Walsh. *coruscus. (Gould. Unio argens. Kiist. Unio badius. Koketl. Schmidt. *pygmeeus. Lea. Unio Kurrti. Kiister. Unio Retzii. Kiister. *pusillus. Lea. Unio Nessorynchus. Held. Unio tristis. Morelet. *lucidus. Lea. Unio piscinalis. Zeig. Rossm. Unio rubens. Menke. Rossm. *fuscatus. Lea. Unio rugatus. Menke. Rossm. Unio Bandini. Kiist. Rossm. *perpurpureus. Lea. Unio Hispanicus. Moguin. Rossm. Graells. Bourg. *occultus. Lea. Unio Sandrit. Villa. Rossm. Bourg. iS Unio destructilis. Villa. = *spadiceus. Lea. = Unio Moulinsianus. Dup. Grat. SI 5 Unio pruinosus. Schmidt. » *luridus. Lea. EB | 2 Unio subdentatus. Zieg. Rossm. 2 3 S) tee : Pa) © Unio vitreus. Stenz. z18 *Cumberlandicus. Lea. Chenu. Han. = | 5 ee | a a Unio Maceerthyanus. Bourg. a (=I ae) 5 _ st oe I Unio Byzantinus. Parr. e *Jonesii. Lea. cf Unio orientalis? Parr. Z iS) S 9 . F Z a *lingueformis. Lea. *Mosulensis. Lea. *Smithi! Gray. *Caffer. Arauss. vibex. Con. Han. *Africanus. Lea? *Miihlfeldianus. Lea. Chenu. Reeve. Durieui. Desh. Han. Ravoisieri. Desh. *ereperus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Bucklyi. Lea. *olaber. Lea. Chenu. Han. Liebmanni. Phili. *discrepans. Lea. * Very much the form of I. Batavus, Lam., and may prove to be the same. Voy. de la Mer Morte, par Sauley, 15th liv., p. 78. * Prof. Krauss informs me that he thinks this is only the young of his Caffer. But not having seen each other’s specimens, there remains at least a doubt of it. * This and the previous species are very much like Batavus, and may prove only well-marked varie- ties. The species in Algeria seems to be very much the same with those of the opposite side of the Mediterranean in France and Spain. The land shells vary little in species, but the species are finer and larger in Algeria. * Never having seen this shell, I place it here on the authority of Mr. Gray.—See his figure in Grif- fith’s Cuvier, vol. xii. UNIO. 49 OVAL. ( (OVAL. *fabalis.! Lea. Chenu. Han. *Bealei. Lea. Unio capillus. Say, Transylvania Journal, vol. v. *Haleianus. Lea. Ohenu. Unio lapillus. Say, Am. Conch. No. were R Gap *nigerrimus. Lea. ee *paulus. Lea. Chenu. minor, Lea. Sena, lode *olans3 Lea. Kiist. Chenu. Con. Han. *Cromwellii. Lea. : involutus. Hanley. Reeve. *parvus. Bar. Sh.d& Hat. Con. Phili. Kiist. Adams. Han. Mya parva. Hat. “nux, ea. SMOOTH. *cinnamomicus. Lea. *corvunculus. Lea. *Brumbyanus. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. *marginis. Lea. *concolor. Lea. *oermanus. Lea. *moestus. Lea. Ohenu. *oranulatus.? Lea. *pullus. Con. *ceylindrellus. Lea. *divaricatus. Lea. Von Mar. Han. *Texasensis. Lea. *Petterianus? Wiist.t *Bairdianus. Lea. [ [ Onio carneus. Kiist. 1 Say and Conrad both, in their catalogues, give precedence to lapillus. Fabalis is in my Memoir read before the Am. Philos. Soc., May 7, 1830, and inserted in the Transactions; capillus was first inserted in the December number (1831) of the Transylvania Journal, and subsequently in the Amer. Conch., No. 5 (August, 1832), under the name of Japillus. Mr. Say does not mention why he changed the name on redescription. I should prefer the first, as a more descriptive name, were I to choose between the two. ? Probably a marked variety of germanus, Lea. ‘Mr. Say doubts if the glans be not the same with parvus. I do not see how there can be any difficulty in distinguishing them. The glans is a much heavier shell, and the nacre of all the specimens I have seen is more or less purple, while that of parvus is always, I believe, white. Among many hundred specimens which have come under my notice, I have never seen one of any other color. The texture of the nacre is also totally different, the latter being more pearly than any other of our Uniones. In the epidermis and beaks they also differ essentially. Mr. Conrad describes and figures U. glans, Lea, in Monog., p. 21; but the figure is evidently not glans. It is very like some of the varieties of U. obscurus, Lea. 4 U. Petterianus and U. carneus were sent to me by Dr. Vandembusch, of Bremen, as distinct species. I believe the latter to be the old of the former, thrown out of its normal form by much erosion at the beaks. They are from Montenegro, and may prove to be only a variety of Unio Batavus. See Kiister’s edition of Martini, Pl. 26, Fig. 4. 13 50 UNIO. OVAL. { OVAL. *faba. D’Orb. Han. corbis. Benson.2 Blan. *ineptus. Lea. *Heyptiacus. Caill. Fer. Desh. Po- tier. HH. Adams. Han. *Wynegungaensis. Lea. Blan. Unio eucyphus. Bourg. *Burroughianus. Lea. D’Orb. Hupé. Guadechaudu. Hyd. Blan. Von Mart. Han. *Bonneaudii2 Hyd. Blan. *vestitus. Lea. OBLONG. *brevidens. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio interruptus. Oon. *Wheatleyanus. Lea. *rudus. Lea. se : *tetralasmus.* Say. Desh. Oon. Han. *Tecomatensis. Lea. *trifidus. Lea. *discus! Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio Panacoensis. V. d. Busch. Phili. Unio Mexicanus. Sow. Reeve. *camptodon.> Say. Han. Unio declivis.® Con. Unio Sayti. Tappan. Con. Unio electrinus. Reeve. *simus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio rhomboideus. Dr. Ward’s MSS. Unio subcroceus. Con. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH *plancus. Lea. *Columbensis. Lea. multidentatus. Phili. Jamesianus. Lea. *Niloticus. Caill. Fer. Desh. Han. Menke. Potier. Chenu. *obesus. Lea. Han. Mya pictorum. Forkaél. Unio rivularis. Con. Unio pumilis. Lieg. Unio Pareysst. Phil. *Bissellianus. Lea. 1 Unio discus is found in Moctizuma River, Central America, and occurs white, and beautifully salmon color, as well as purple. 2 Very like U. Niloticus, Fer., and may be only a variety. 5 T am very much inclined to think Bonneaudii will prove to be the same with Niloticus. * Tetralasmus will, I think, prove to be a large and perfect camptodon, Say. 5 This fine shell, as well as tetralasmus, both of which are Mr. Say’s, seem to have been over- looked in the formation of his catalogue. They are described in his Amer. Conchology. I have never seen the shell he calls tetralasmus—they may possibly prove to be the same. 6 The shell in the Academy of Nat. Sci., described and figured by Mr. Conrad, in his Monography, p. 45, as declivis, Say, I consider to be a middle-aged camptodon, Say. This, however, is not the opinion of all our conchologists. Professor Kirtland, in his Ohio Report, says that a shell answering Say’s description of declivis is found in some of the tributaries of the Scioto River. This is the shell since described by Judge Tappon as U. Sayii, but which I have always believed to be camptodon. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. OBLONG. *Jewettii. Lea. Lea. *squalidus. *Pawensis. Lea. *hebes. Lea. *quadrilaterus. Lea. *indefinitus. Lea. *Hopetonensis. Lea. Lea. *fraternus. Lea. *Cuvierianus. *Charlottensis. Lea. *Savannahensis. *W eldonensis. Lea. *Gastonensis. Lea. Lea. *humerosus. Lea. *nubilus. *Mecklenbergensis. *Baldwinensis. Lea. *Roanokensis. Lea. Lea. *macer. *Neusensis. Lea. Lea. Chenu. Lea. Chenu. UNIO. UNIONES. 1 vi] NON-SYMPHYNOTE SMOOTH. OBLONG. *Roswellensis. Lea. *Postellii. Lea. *exolescens.! (Could. Prusii. Bourg. Anth. *Peouensis. Lea. *“ejyunus. *complanatus. Solan. Chenu. 51 Blan. Han. Lea. Gould. Adams. Han. Linsley. Dekay. Stinupson. Mya complanata. So Mya rigida. Wood. Mya purpurea. Hat. Unio violaceus. Unio purpureus. Unio rarisulcata. Unio coarctata. Unio purpurascens. Menke. Potier. Unio rhombula. Unio carinifera. Unio Georgina. Unio glabrata Lam. Unio sulcidens. Unio fluviatilis. Unio tortuosus. *Northamptonensis. *percoarctatus. Lea. Lea. *squameus. Con. planilaterus. Lea. *inusitatus. Lam. Green. Sow. Migh. Gerst. land. Dill. Spengler. Say. Bar. Lam. Menke. Lam. Menke. Con. Desh. Lam. Lam. Lam. Lam. Chenu. Reeve. Lea. 1] think this is the shell which Mr. Conrad figures in the Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 2, pl. 26, f. 6, but which he considered as a U. complanatus. 2 Mr. Conrad is wrong, in his “Synoptical Table,” in giving Mr. Say’s name precedence, making complanatus a synonym. 3 Deshayes, in Hncy. Meth. Vers., t. 2, p. 381, No. 9. 52 OBLONG. *cicur. Lea. *cistelleeformis. Lea. *Orontesensis. Lea. *Livingstonensis. Lea, *Hallenbeckii. Lea. *errans. Lea. *Damascensis. Lea. *vicinus. Lea. *virens. Lea. *opacus. Lea. *Catawbensis. Lea. *viridicatus. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH *fumatus. Lea. *rostrum. Lea. *hepaticus. Lea. *subniger. Lea. *equatus. Lea. *subflavus. Lea. *similis. Lea. *nigellus. Lea. | *denigratus. Lea. UNIO. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. { OBLONG. *Raéensis. Lea. *salebrosus. Lea. *Uharéensis. Lea. *viridans. Lea. *subinflatus. Con. *Abbevillensis. Lea. *Raleighensis. Lea. *Beaverensis. Lea. *aberrans. Lea. *Orphaensis. Lea. cultelliformis.' Con. Unio depressus. Con. Not Lam. *symmetricus. Lea. limatulus. Con. *Buddianus. Lea. Stuarti. Ad. & An. Gould. *lutulentus. *Griffithianus. Lea. Han. *mediocris. Lea. *Valentinus. Fossm. Bourg. Zelebori. Fraun. * Unio cultelliformis is described as coming from Australia. It is so much like one of our varieties of complanatus, that I am induced to believe that some error of locality must have occurred. In a sub- sequent paper (JI. A. N.S., v. 2, p. 295), Mr. Conrad makes cultelliformis a synonym to U. depressus, Lam., which he also describes and figures, pl. 26, f. 2; but I think that cultelliformis should rather be considered a synonym to complanatus, if it be not a true species, of which I have expressed a doubt above. OBLONG. Mexicanus. Phil. *ampullaceus. Lea. *mutabilis. Lea. */thiops. Lea. Unio Chilensis. Gray. Unio Moline. Phili. *auratus. Swain. Nida aurata. Swain. Onio obtusa.’ Fer? Unio depressus. D’Orb. : Unio Chiloensis. Phili3 wh 5 a 60 = Unio Gasstesii. Grat. S Unio fragilis. Swain. 5 Sy lls ¥ B |e atratus. Sow. Han. (s) Piste) oD Js Nitia atrata. Swain. iS or es : a Nita fragilis. Swain. a Unio auratus. Phili. Zz S Gq *lepidior.t Lea. Unio lepidus. Lea. *Casablanese. Philis *Araucanus. Phil. *confertus. Lea. Han. Han. *leoubris. Lea. *piceus. Lea. UNIO. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. OBLONG. *insulsus. Lea. *obnubilus. Lea. *Geddingsianus. Lea. Chenu. *similis. Lea. *tetricus. Lea. *Whiteianus. Lea. *Kullethensis. Zea. *Mardinensis. Lea. *fuliginosus. Lea. *yaliatus. Lavenel’s Letter. *Strebeli. Lea. *camelopardilis. Lea. *Tuomeyi. Lea. *Chathamensis. Lea. *tortivus. Lea. Chenu. *purpurellus. Lea. occidentalis. Con. Watereensis. Lea. Unio Raveneli.® Con. 1 Fide D’Orbigny, Mag. de Zoology, 1835. 2 D’Orbigny says this is the depressus of Lesson, and figured and described by Lesson in the Voyage de la Coquille. Now the description of Lamarck answers to the figure of Lesson, and I am disposed to think that the two are the same. I do not know where Ferussac described obtusa. ® A specimen of U. auratus from Chiloe, South America, sent to me by Dr. Vandembusch from Bremen, was labelled U. Chiloensis, Philippi. ‘4 Lepidus being preoccupied by Dr. Gould for a Florida species, I propose lepidior for my species. 5 An authentic specimen was given to me by Dr. Dunker in Cassel, and although very close to atratus, I think it will prove to be a distinct species. 6 Prof. Ravenel’s name being previously used for a Unio (Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans., vol. v.), it becomes necessary to change Mr. Conrad’s name, which I do, to that of the river in which it was found. 14 NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. { OBLONG. *fulvus. Lea. Unio teterinus. Han. Con. *rufusculus. Lea. *Gibbesianus. Lea. *sordidus. Lea. *Dariensis. Lea. Chenu. UNIO. *Congareus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *merus. Lea. *Charruanus! D’Orb. rhuacoicus. .D’Orbd. Von Mar. *neglectus. Lea. Con. *subplanus. *manubius. Gould? *declivis. Say. Desh. Kiist. Unio geometricus$ Lea. Unio excultus. Con. Gould. *paludicolus. Lea. Con. Kiist. *Blandingianus. Unio rivicolus. *quadratus. Lea. Han. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. ( SMOOTH. angustus. *cacao. *modestus. *suavidicus. famelicus. *Couchianus. *litoralis. OBLONG. *depressus. Lam. Less. Ohenu. Kiist. Han. Unio Balonnensis.4 Con. Unio ambiguus. Phil. Unio profugus. Gould. Unio Angasi. Reeve. (No. 282.)° Lam. Han. Lea. Fer. Lea. Gould. Lea. Drap. Lam. Mill. Pfeif. Rossm® Des Moul. Grat. Brard. Desh. COuv. Maton and Racket. Bouil. Gras. Bronn. More. Mer- met. Gassies. Goupil. Dupuy. Puton. Potier. Graells. Mouss. Han. Cail. Unio crassus. Nil. Phili. Menke. Rossm. Mog. Unio brevialis. Lam. Unio nana. Lam. Dup. Bourg. Unio subtetragona. Mich. Dup. Merm. Graells. Gras. Unio incurvus. Lea. Chenu. Unio Pianensis. Farines. Dup. Graells. Unio granosus. Schum. depressus, Lam., I have committed “an oversight.” 1 The two specimens sent to me by M. D’Orbigny are much smaller than the adult figured by him in Voy. Am. Mer., and although very like delodontus, Lam., are different in outline and in some minor characters. 2 T am disposed to believe that this is only a variety of declivis, Say. I have specimens from Texas which indicate this. 3J do not find this or declivis in Mr. Say’s Synonymy. He has, however, priority. *In a subsequent paper, Jl. A. N. S., vol. ii. p. 295, Mr. Conrad says that, in referring the shell to I do not admit this, but consider myself to be cor- rect, having long had a specimen of U. depressus in my possession, and having seen it frequently in various cabinets in Europe. 5 Mr. Reeve cites my MS. for this name. ° Rossmiissler, Iconographie, vol. iii. p. 36, describes a variety under the name of wmbonatus. I have no recollection of it. UNIO. 55 f OBLONG. { {SUBROTUND. Unio brunneus. Bonhomme. Masoni. Con. Kiist. Han. Unio Woolwichit. Morelet. ; Unio cuneatus. Jacq. rotundatus. Zam. Han. nity Weinoe, [aeRHD. Unio suborbiculata. Lam. Blain. . . Y 2 3 Unio Astierianus. Dup. Grat. Unio glebulus.s Say. Unio umbonatus. Bourg. Unio subglobosus. Lea. Unio rhomboideus. Mog. Mysea ovata?! Turt. Mya rhomboidea. Schr. Bourg. *Chickasawhensis. Lea. *pauperculus. Lea. SUBROTUND. *circulus. Lea. Sh. & Hat. Desh. Chenu. Han. Mya rotunda? Wood. *petrinus. (Gould. *Houstonensis. Lea. *Paranensis. Lea. D’Orb. Han. SNe Mee Chea: ean: Unio Solisiana (junior). D’Orb. Unio depygis. Con. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH *pereeformis. Lea. *Beadleianus. Lea. *disculus. Lea. *Showalterii. Lea. *bulloides. Lea. *unicol L % i unicolor. ea. *funebralis. Lea. {| | fubellus. Con. Han. membranaceus.! Mat. Han. 1Turton’s figure seems to me to be an elongate variety of littoralis, analogous to that which I described, in error, under the name of incurvus. But Forbes and Hanley say that littoralis does not now exist in the waters of Great Britain, and is only found there in the Pliocene formation, in a fossil state. If this be so, then Turton’s figure must be erroneously given. 2 T have some doubts whether this should be considered more than a variety of circulus. JI am not, however, sure that it is not distinct. 8 Although Mr. Say had published this shell in the Transylvania Journal, and in his Am. Conchology, he omitted it altogether in his Synonymy. He inserted other species from the vicinity of New Orleans. *T formerly placed this with the Anodontz, but D’Orbigny, who has seen the shell in its native waters, having placed it among the Uniones, I follow him, never myself having seen the shell. The figure of Dr. Maton (Linn. Trans., vol. x.) is without teeth, and the text says expressly “‘cardo edentulus.” Notwith- standing this, I am inclined to believe that D’Orbigny is right, for the form of the shell is such as I have not seen in the Anodontz. Not knowing what induced M. D’Orbigny to change Dr. Maton’s name, I have restored it. (Since this note was published, M. D’Orbigny, in his Voy. Am. Mer., has come to a different conclu- sion as regards Mytilus membranacea, Mat. He now thinks that my Anodonta lato-marginata is the same with membranacea, but I do not think that Maton’s figure can be referred to lato-marginata, even sup- posing the figure of membranacea made by Maton to be from a young specimen. The outline is not the same, membranacea being much more rotund, and the very great difference of solidity must have its influence in our decision; lato-marginata being one of the thickest of the Anodontx. M. D’Orbigny, in Mag. de Zool., 1835, gives Mya membranacea as a synonym to Unio Matoniana, and says the teeth are thin; but he ought to have cited it as Mytilus, as Maton does not give Mya membranacea, but Mytilus membranacea. M. D’Orbigny places it now among the Anodontex, and restores Maton’s specific name of membranacea, and considers my lato-marginata as a synonym. It does not appear to me, from the description and figure, that they can be the same.) 56 UNIO. SUBROTUND. { SUBROTUND. Myt. membranacea. Mat. *Lesueurianus. Lea. Chenu. Unio Matoniana. D’Orb. Unio subtrapezius (junior). Phili. *Lyoni. Lea. Unio membranaceus. Phili. *Lewisi. Lea. *variabilis, Mat. Han. D’Orb. Mya variabilis’ Mat. Wood. Dill. *nucleopsis. Con. *rotundus. Spix. Mori. *fibuloides. Lea. Diplodon rotundus. Spix. Ake *Kirtlandianus.t’ Lea. Han. Fontainianus? D’Orb. Hupé. *patelloides, Lea. Evansi. Ad. d& An. Reeve. eee Saoememms, Lan. pilaris. Lea. Chenu. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH *oratus, Lea. *dollabelloides. Lea. Chenu. *retusus.2 Lam. Con. Menke. Kiist. *Thorntonii. Lea. Han. Unio torsa. Raf. Sh. & Eat. Potier. *subrotundus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Chenu. Unio politus?? Say. Kiist. Unio obtusa® Cuvier. Unio brevialis? Crouch. Unio cordatus (female). Wiist. Unio politus. Con. Unio cicatricosus. Reeve, Sp. 50. *ebenus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio mytiloides. Con.; not Raf. *coccineus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio obliquus. Con. Kiist. Unio coccineus. Dr. Hildreth’s Letter. Unio Gouldianus. Ward. L Unio coccineus. Con. ’ The figure of this shell in the Lin. Soc. Trans., vol. x., although so much smaller a shell than Paranensis (nobis), is so much like it that I should not be surprised if they should prove to be the same. Lamarck considered this to be the same with his Hyria corrugata; but it is very different. (Since the publication of this note, I have received, from M. Moricand, a suite of specimens of Paranensis, which indicate, unquestionably, a distinct species. The beaks of rotundus, Wag., have not the strong folds on them, while the Paranensis has many elevated radiations from the beaks. The outline too of the former is more orbicular.) *M. Deshayes thinks this is ircwrvus, Say. Ido not know where Mr. Say published a shell under that name. *In the recent edition of Cuvier Reg. An., by his pupils, there is a beautiful figure of U. retusus, Lam., under the name of U. obtusa, Say. I am not aware that Mr. Say described a Unio under that name. The retusus, Lam., is a common, well-known, and perfectly distinct species. * Prof. Kirtland, in his Ohio Report, expresses his opinion of this being only a very flat variety of subrotundus (nobis). * Mr. Conrad cites Mr. Say’s table of synonymy for politus, but I am not aware of Mr. 8. ever having described it. UNIO. 57 SUBROTUND. ( (WIDE. Unio catillus! Con. LKiist. Unio leprosus. Miles. Unio cuneus? Con. Mya prelonga. Wood. Eat. ‘ Ligumia recta. Swain. “OEREITS, Lea. Hurynea preelonga. Stimpson. *semirugatus. Lam. Menke. Chenu. (Agass. MSS.) : ¢ ¥strio : WE oeaen Sigel Mica strigosus. Lea. Chenu. Q *verstri i wine, z perstriatus. Lea. Z # i il z er : é Shepardianus. Lea. Con. Kiist. S a onreci imac Z Chenu. Han. Z S = a al. Ae = oeyanus. Lea. 5 |e Bensonii.? Lea. Sie a | An. soleniformis. Ben. . &1¢] *Popeii. Lea. isa : 0 : \3z| ua a Spatha soleniformis. Ben. (In lit. eS y, = * iS e *aneustatus. Lea. Con. Chenu. Han. mM . gp) Duttonianus. Lea. Chenu. : Z A *sublatus. Lea. qi a *folliculatus. Lea. Chenu. Han. a *latus. Lea. *rectus. Lam. Sh. & Hat. Swain. ee ee : rutus. Lea. Adams. Han. Dekay. Potier. visi. Chreree ; *Ocmulgéensis. Lea. Unio prelongus. Barn. Hild. Unio arquatus? Con.* *dactylus. Lea. Chenu. Unio recta. Valen. l Unio Sageri4 Con. [ l *lanceolatus.> Lea. Chenu. Desh. Han. 1 The late Dr. R. E. Griffith had in his collection a shell marked catillus, he thought by Mr. Conrad himself, but which I think was only a variety of obliquus, Lam.; certainly it is not the species figured by Mr. Conrad. In a letter from Dr. Ward in 1836, he says, ‘“U. catillus runs into coccineus, so that Mr. Conrad would be puzzled to part the species in my collection. They are only varieties of the same species.” 2 A single old valve (diam. .7, length 1.5, breadth .6 inches) was submitted to me, with a complete young specimen 2.3 inches wide, by W. H. Benson, Hsq., of London. The old valve is imperfect along the dorsal margin, but still there may be observed imperfect cardinal and lateral teeth. In the young specimen, the lateral teeth, while being very delicate and circular, are perfectly well defined, being double in the left and single in the right valve. As Mr. Benson’s name (soleniformis, Jl. Asiatic Sec., vol. v., p. 750, 1836) has already been used for a Unio, I propose Bensonii for it in honor of the discoverer, who has done so much for the Natural History of the Hast of Asia. * | have a deformed rectus so exactly like the figure given by Mr. Conrad that I cannot help thinking they are the same. * Mr. Conrad’s figure so nearly resembles the male specimens of U. rectus, from Green Bay, in my cabinet, that I am persuaded the Sageri will not prove to be a distinct species. Drs. Kirtland and Ward, and Judge Tappan, consider it a variety of gibbosus of Barnes. In Mr. Conrad’s Synopsis (1852) he seems to have abandoned the name, as he has not inserted it there. 5 M. Deshayes (2d edit. Lamarck) doubts if lanceolatus be not the young of anodontotdes, “of Say.” (Anodontoides was not described by Mr. Say, but by myself.) The first has been found only in the waters east of the Alleghany Mountains, the last only in the western waters. There cannot be a doubt of their being distinct species. In size they differ altogether. 15 WIDE. ( { WIDE. *viridulus. Lea. = Unio ovalis. Retz. Flem. Sow. Villa. Brown. Gray. Cail. *anodontoides. Lea. Kirtl. Chenu. Mya ovalis. Monta. Adams. Han. Mya ovata. Don. Mat. Wood. Dill. Unio teres? Raf. Mya depressa. Don. Unio teres. Con. Mysca solida. Turt. Mysca ovata. Swain. *rasus. Lea. Unio nodulosa. Lam. Menke. Unio Michaudiana? Des Moul. Dup. Unio ovata. Studer. Bowil. Menke. Fitz. Unio rostrata. Stud. Unio Limagne. Bowil. Unio solida. Villa. Unio arcuatus. Bouch. *parallelopipedon. Lea. D’Orb. Han. *acutirostris. Lea. *platyrhynchus.! Rossm. Schmidt. Potier. Por. Villa. Han. SMOOTH. *Cailliaudii. Fer. H. Adams. Unio lithophagus. Zieg. *pictorum.s Retz. Speng. Lam. Cu. Sep: nea Mill. Pfeif. Drap. Bose. Don. Unargsterciiu scale CTIA, Blain. Crouch. Flem. Des Mout. Grat. Bouil. Menke. Nils. Stein. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. *Ineallsianus. Lea. Brard. Brown. Puton. Desh. Po- *sacittarius. Lea. Von Mart. tier. Por. Dup. Klees. Merm. Kiist. Alder. Graells. Villa. *tumidus.? feetz. Speng. Schum. Nils. Forbes. Schmidt. Rossm. Guerin. Pfeif. Villa. Rossm. Brown. Morelet. Gras. Goupil. Bouch. Menke. Stein. Put. Potier. Dup. Schrenk. Fisch. L. Waard. Fitz. Forbes. Mouss. Fitz. Han. Moq. Midd Gras. Geist. = accwae Carll. L Adams. Mog. Han. Caiill. ? This is a curious and very interesting shell which I received from Vienna. Its habitat is Carynthia. It may be only a remarkable variety of pictorum, Retz. Such is the opinion of some of the German malacologists. * The tumidus, Retzius, is, I think, without doubt, the same as ovalis, Retzius, and other European authors. But, Retzius having described twmidus before ovalis, the former name must take priority. Prof. Mousson gave me in Zurich a specimen of this species, which, he says, came from Java. * The well-known Unio pictorum of European authors, so widely distributed throughout that quarter of the globe, has been the fruitful source of trouble and perplexity to naturalists who have studied this branch of Malacology. I have seen no reason to change my opinion, since the publication of the last edition of this Synopsis, as to the synonymy, which, unfortunately, is still going on to increase, to the great embarrassment and injury of this branch of the science. J am well aware that some able writers in Europe have endeavored to stem this tendency to multiply so dreadful a synonymy, such as U. picto- rum and An. cygnea present; and I find in the admirable work of Forbes and Hanley (now nearly finished), on the Malacology of Great Britain, ideas which are so entirely parallel with my own, that I cannot refrain from making the following extract. They say they “do not observe in Rossmaessler figures of continental forms of this polymorphal shell, any of which our islands do not exhibit a nearly analogous representation. If a certain platitude of language be demanded in a description of the preceding species, far more requisite is it that our diagnosis of the present one should be sufticiently exclusive,” p. 144. (See note on An. cygnea.) ( NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTIL | WIDE. UNIO. ( Mya pictorum. Lin. Mil. Born. Poli. Schrot. Pennant. Dill. Wood. Mat. Schreib. Da Cost. Alten. List. Hist. Ani- Musculus angustior. malia, p. 149. Mya corrugata Maroceana.’ Chem. margaritica. Klein. augusta. Klein. Long thick horse mussel. Petiv. Mya nodosa. Martini. Lin. Schreib. Wood. Dill. Mysea pictorum. Potomida sicula. Unio delphinus. Unio inflatus. Unio rostratus. Desh. Turt. Swaine Speng. Stud. Lam. Pfeif. Mich. Bouil. Gras. Puton. Potier. Brown. Villa. Waard. Chenu. Fitz. Gras. Unio manca. Lam. Millet. Bourg. Unio castaneus. Unio elongatulus. Potier. Por. Unio Turtonit. Dup. Bourg. Unio lobatata. De Cr. and J3 Unio Capighiolo. Payr. Desh. More. Dup. Rossm. Grat. Mog. Unio Requientit. Mich. Rossm. Cas- sties. Potier, Dup. Gras. rat. Mous. Bourg. Stab. Mog. Unio Deshayesii. Mich. Desh. Rossm. Brown. Gras. Grat. Dup. Miil. Miht. Rossm. Dup. Villa. Payr. Desh. Phili. Unio platyrinchoideus. Dup. Bourg. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. L WIDE. Rossi. Zeigl. Unio limosus. Nil. Unio longirostris. Por. Rossm. Villa. Unio lemovicense. Fer. Unio retusus. Held. Kiister. Kiister. Kiister. Kiister. Villa. Por. Villa. Parreyss. Morelet. Unio mucidus. Morelet. Unio arcuatus. Bouch. Dup. Unio Ardusianus. Reyniés. Onio Muelleri4 Rossm. Unio ponderosus. Spitz. Zieq. Menke. Unio ventrosus. Unio levigatus. Unio latirostris. Unio concinnus. Unio corrosus. Unio Spinelli. Unio pallens. Unio dactylus. Kiist. Rossm. Unio graniger. Unio decipiens. Unio Nathusit. Unio vindiflavus. Kiist. Unio Petrovichit. Kiist. Unio dubius. Fitz. Unio Ronsii. Dup. Unio proechus. Bourg. Unio actaphilus. Bourg. Unio vulgaris. Stab. Unio Blaunert. Shutt. Unio subreneformis. Unio Penchinatianus. Unio Graellsianus. Unio Courquinianus. Kiist. Stab. Bourg. Bourg. Bourg. Bourg. *elongatulus. Unio Arade. Pfeif. Han. Phili. 1 Chemnitz figures this shell, vol. vi. table 3, Figs. 23 and 24. 59 Potier. Schmidt. Zieg. MSS. Bourg. From the description and outline, I have little doubt of its being a young pictorum, more than usually undulated in the region of the beaks. Its being rugose over the whole surface, as mentioned by him, is not evidence against its being such. As the first growth subsequently forms the beak of the shell, it ought of course to be rugose, if that be the character of the shell. man or engraver, as the author speaks of the hinge being like the common mussel. 2 J suspect. this will prove to be the same as elongatulus, Pfeif., which may itself be only a var. of Swainson and Pfeiffer obtained them from Sicily. pictorum. § Fide Philippi. ‘I think this will be found to be a deformed pictorum. Michaux’s figure has more the appearance of U. Batavus. The inside view is without teeth, but this is doubtless the fault of the drafts- 60. UNIO. ( WIDE. WIDE. Unio Gargotte. Phil. More. Gerst. *naviculoides. Lea. Rossm. *perlatus. Lea. *Moreleti.! Desh. *Hazlehurstianus. Lea. *sagitteeformis. Lea. 5 *Barrattii. Lea. *rostriformis. Lea. + productus.2 Con. Kiist. Han. *oracilentus. Lea. PARA *viridiradiatus. Lea. SI *nasutus” Say. Barn. Swain. Han. SI Soil r iS) Gould. Linsl. Dekay. iS) pullatus. es iS Unio rostratus. Valen. 3 orn 5 S 23 *Fisherianus. Lea. Chenu. Han. El | Mya nasuta. Wood. at. ae S } 8 . : O36 z g Shayna nasuta. Stimpson. (Agass. z S| Saesmeime, Iban onl | i= = MSS.) a S = *Hmmonsii. Lea. 2 *Mississippiensis. Con. 2 © Unio Cocoduensis. Reeve. 2 *aWeneus. eu ccease\ s : % *aquilus. Lea. Jayanus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *protensus. Lea marginalis. Lam. Desh. Blan. Han. Unio anodontina. Lam. Blan. Ee us 2 Unio evanescens? Mouss. extensus. de *Burkensis. Lea. “iris. Lea. Desh. Chenu. Han. Unio subrostratus. Say. *oblatus. Lea. Unio nebulosus? Oon. | *Maconensis. Lea. | *Novi-Eboraci.2 Lea. Dekay. Chenu. * This is no doubt a good species. I have seen a very good specimen belonging to the cabinet of the Rey. Mr. Beadle, of Hartford, Conn. ? Mr. Agassiz says that the genus Unio, Retz., is represented in this country by U. nasutus, Lam. Lamarck’s nasutus is gibbosus, Bar. Mr. Say preoccupied the name nasutus in 1816. Lamarck published in 1819. In the synonymy of gibbosus, I have in all my editions of this work placed Lamarck’s nasutus as a synonym to gibbosus, Bar. * This is probably the same as folliculatus, Lea, which latter name has precedence. * Mr. Say, in his Synonymy, gives iris as a synonym to his subrostratus. If they were the same, I would be entitled to precedence, as my description bears date March, 1829, while his is January, 1831. His description, however, of subrostratus does not apply to my iris, and certainly this shell could not have been under his eye when his description was made. He says that the subrostratus “may be said to be the analogue of the Unio nasutus (nobis) of the western waters.” As the U. nasutus inhabits the western waters, a variety of that species may have been described by him for subrostratus. ° Novi-Eboraci and iris are in the outlines nearly identical, but in the soft parts there are differences which I have pointed out in the Journal of the Academy Nat. Sciences, vol. v., N. S., and Observations on Unio, vol. x. UNIO. 61 WIDE. ( (WIDE: Unio opalinus. Anth. *subgibbosus. Lea. *fatuus. Lea. Chenu. *contractus. Lea. *tenuissimus. ea. Han. *arctior. Lea. Chenu. Han. Symp. tenuissima. Lea. Sh. & Hat. An. purpurascens. Swain. *Tabascoensis. Phili. Unio velum. Say. Unio leptodon. Con. *Patagonicus. D’Orb. Han. Ben. Blan! Han. Lea, in Trans. Am. *bilineatus. Lea. Symp. bilineata. Chenu. Han. Prof. Ravenel’s *Vaughanianus. Lea. Unio Carolinensis. 1B Se Letter. eg *Corrianus. Lea. Blan.’ Han. & OBOVATE. I “M “OT S *purpuratus. Lam. Potier. Han. = Stee ae Uke = Mya ventricosa’ Solan. Humphreys? : 3 |) : Bld : ; er | 5 Unio ater. Lea. Desh. Chenu. 218 *orientalis. Lea. Chenu. 578 Bios Tenor J a |S ai ‘ - euins nio lugubris. Say. FE @ Unio productus. Mouss. sr fain onions, Cup. 2 Unio Sumatrensis. Fide Martens. = WNGANA cha. Seen. 2 2 : : Z 6 *phaseolus. Hild. Sh. & Hat. Han. | 9 £0 : Z : A *permiscens. Lea. Unio planulatus. Lea. Desh. Chenu. ; 5 : i Unio cuneatus2 Barn. (White var.) edalosag. Led * co . Tufns. Lea. *bianculatus. Lea. Chenu. arcus. Con. Han. rhombeus. Wag. Han. : 5 Diplodon rhombeum. Spix. *oibbosus. Bar. Sh. & Hat. Hild. ze Z Han. *cuprinus. Lea. Chenu. Han. Unio mucronatus. Bar. Unio metallicus.® Say. Unio nastuttt Lam. Cuv. FPA pre IPO Unio dilatata? Raf. Unio dilatatus. Con. Kiist. *Beskeanus. Diinic: Mya gibbosa. Kat. Mya mucronata. Eat. *Brownii. Lea. 1 Benson and Blanford both consider bilineatus and Corrianus to be different stages of growth of marginalis, Lam., and may possibly be correct. Tn the last edition I considered this as a distinct species, but have since been satisfied that it is the same as orientalis (nobis). * In note to Dr. Hildreth’s Memoir on the shells in the vicinity of Marietta, Ohio, published in S7Jli- man’s Journal. 4 Fide Ferussac. 5 Mr. Say, in his Synonymy, claims precedence. My Memoir bears the date of May 7, 1830; his that of January 1, 1831. 16 62 UNIO. ( OBOVATE. ( (ARCUATE. *Sikkimensis. Lea. Unio sinuata. Retz. Lam. Childrens Blain. Dup. Desh. Menke. Rossm. *papyraceus. (rould. Graells. Puton. Reyniés. Gassies. Grat. Mog. *Boydianus. Lea. Dekay. Chenu. Unio rugosa. Poir. Unio araris. Barbié. Unio Barraudit. Bonhome. Grat. Potamida sinuata. Swain. Floridensis. ea. pellucidus. Lea. *decumbens. Lea. *amygdalum. Lea. SMOOTH. *monodontus.. Say. Sh. & Hat. Desh. Han. Unio soleniformis. Lea. Chenu. *Saladoensis. Lea. *lenior. Lea. Chenu. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. *Lazarus. Lea. *hyalinus. Lea. *arctatus. Con. Han. SMOOTH. *nierinus. Lea. *emarginatus. Lea. Chenu. Han. *Tappanianus.! Lea. Han. Unio viridis. Con. *Laonensis. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. *pertenuis. Lea. Being unacquainted with the following species, *foliaceus.? Gould. Blan. I have deemed it best simply to insert a list of them, with the hope of their being determined at *obtusus. Lea. Chenu. a future period :— ARCUATE. Unio Abyssinicus. Mart. *erassus2 Retz. Speng. Nilss. Schrenk. Unio acuminatus. HH. Adams. Unio crassissimus. Fer. Des Moul. Unio eruginosus. Morelet. Grat. Merm. Han. Unio Aleroni. Mass. Unio auricularius. Speng. Unio altus. Con. Unio margaritacea. Drap. Unio antiquatus. Anton. 1 A fine suite of this species has been kindly sent to me recently by Prof. Haldeman, of Columbia, Penn., taken from the Susquehanna River at that place. In most of them, I find the cardinal teeth of the left valve to be trifid, and the lateral teeth of the same valve somewhat divided. In the right valve, the cardinal tooth is nearly as long as the lateral tooth; in this taking somewhat of the character of Triquetra subviridis, Klein. (Hyria of Lamarck). 2 T am disposed to think that this may prove to be the same with Javanus (nobis). 3 See note to Margaritana margaritifera. 4T think Mr. Children meant this species, but his figure (69) is evidently Unio alatus, Say, although he cites it as European. ’ This properly belongs to Margaritana. It is closely allied to MW. margaritifera. See my notes on the soft parts, Observations, vol. x. p. 58, and vol. vii. p. 43. UNIO. 63 Unio aplatus. Swain. Unio imbricatus. Mirch. Unio Bakeri. A. Adams. Unio iridescens. Con. Unio biccelatus.. Reeve. Unio Jacobus. Phili. Unio Bigorrensis. Millet. Grat. Unio Jacqueminii. Dup. Unio Bonplandi. Valen. Unio Jenkinsianus. Ben. Unio Boscianus. Dunker. Unio Juliani. Rang. Unio calimatorum. J/orelet. Unio levirostris. Ben. Unio Cambojensis.! Sow. Unio Landbecki. . Phili. Unio Carniolicus. ZHegler. Potier. Unio Largillierti. Phil. Unio caudiculatus. Mart. Unio latissimus. Sow. Unio Colchaguensis. Phil. Unio Leioma. Ben. Unio conus. Speng. Unio ligula. Jouss. Unio coriaceus. Dunker. Unio longidentatus. Anton. Unio crispisuleatus. Ben. Unio longus. Phil. Unio Cyamus. Phil. Unio Maccarthyanus. Bourg. Unio Damnoica. D’Orb. Unio macilentus. Ben. Unio Danielis. Gass. Unio Massini. More. Unio Dembox. Reeve. Unio megapterus. ore. Unio digitatus. Morelet. Unio merdiger. Feeve. Unio diplodon. Phil. Unio Merodabensis. Vondembusch. Unio.divergens.? Benson. Unio metastriatus. Con. Unio diversus. Conrad. Unio micellus. More. Unio Drouetii. Dup. Unio micropterus. ore. Unio ellipsiformis. Con. Unio montanus. Phili. Unio episcopalis. Trist. Unio Moravicus. Jay’s Cat. Unio errosus. Jay’s Cat. Unio Morini. JMorelet. Unio flavicans. Vid. Unio Mosambicensis. Mart. Unio Fokkesi. Dunk. Unio Moulhnsianus. Dup. Unio Foncki. Phili. Unio musivus. Speng. Unio fontanus. Con. Unio mytiloides. Desh. Unio fuligo. eeve, Conch. Icon., No. Unio nigricans. Fitz. 154, 40. Unio nitidens. Fer. Unio furvus. Con. Unio nuculinus. Phil. Unio gangrenosus. Schmidt. Unio nuperus. Zieg. Unio gibbus. Speng. Unio obtusa. Potier and Michaud. Unio glaucinus. Zieg. Por. Unio orientalis. Fer. Parr. Unio Grandensis. Con. Unio ostreatus. Morelet. Unio granulifera. Dunker. Unio Oxyrynchus. Mart. Unio Greenlandicus. Schrié. Fer. Moreh. Unio pachysoma. Ben. Unio Hjalmarsoni. Dunk. Unio Paivanus. More. Unio Hochstetterii. Krauss. Unio paludosus. Morelet. Unio Hueti*® Bourg. Unio parallelus.£ Con. Unio ianthinus. Phili. Unio Pequottinus. Lansley. * Mr. Boivin gave me a U. parallelopipedon under this name. ie ? See note on U. Leaii. 2 3 Is this not a Monocondylea? 4 This name is used by Mr. Sowerby for a fossil species, and Mr. Conrad subsequently changed it to porrectus on that account; but Mr. Sowerby has also used the latter name!! Unio Pfeifferi. Dunker. Unio Philippu. Dup. Unio pinax. Ben. Unio plagiosoma. Unio planivalvis. Unio plombarius. Unio porrectus. Unio prasinatus. Unio preciosus. Unio pruneosus. Unio psoricus. Morelet. Unio Pugio. Ben. Blan. Unio pulchellus. Fer. Unio purpuriatus. Say. Unio radula. Ben. Blan. Unio rectilinearis. Sow. Unio Reyniesu. Mich. Unio Rothi. Bourg. Unio Rousii. Dup. Unio rugosus. Anton. Unio Schlegelii. Martens. Unio Schwerzenbachii. Bourg. Unio Scobina. Ben. Blan. Unio scutulatus. Morelet. Unio scutum. Sow. Unio semiplicatus. Unio semiquadrata. Unio Seneltensis. Unio Sennaarensis. Unio simonis. vist. Unio Sitifensis. Mérch. Unio smaragdites. Ben. Unio solidulus. Pili. Unio spheniopsis. Morelet. Unio Steveniana. Arynicki, Ben. Morelet. Villa. Con. Con. Fer. Ziey. Reeve. Troschel. Sow. Gass. Kiist. UNIO. Unio testudineus. Unio testudinarius. Unio Theca. Ben. Unio triembolus. Unio trirostris. Unio truncatosus. Unio truncatus. Unio uber. Con. Unio Valdivianus. Unio venustus.! Unio vellicatus. Unio Teyheri. Unio Zimermani. Unio ————., Tertiary, &c.:— Unio abbreviatus.3 Unio abductus. U Flem. Unio aduncus. Unio agrestis. Unio aleeformis. Unio alatoides. Unio Alpinus. Unio ambiguus. Unio amygdala. Unio angustatus. burg. Unio anodontodes. Sow. Brown. Brown. Lea. Mathe. Sow. Brown. Unio Taumilapanus. on. Morelet. Speng. Blan. Ben. Ben. Potier. Speng. Phili. More. Reeve. Menke. Stentz. Potier2 Adams. The following species are from the Cretaceous, Goldfuss. Phill. Jnio acutus. (Anthracosta. Aing.*) Sow. Mart. Brown. Bronn. Mus. Stras- Nout. Unio Ansticei. (Myacites. Bronn.) Sow. ‘This name being preoccupied by me, and the name of Morelet being already used by Deshayes, I propose the name of oblitus for it. * Deshayes, in Jacquemont’s Voy. to India, t. xviii. Fig. 3, gives an Iridina (new), and the Unio corrugatus, marginalis and caruleus? without names or descriptions! In a catalogue of fresh water and land shells, Ferussac says that a Unio (species uncertain) was found in Berg River near the Cape of Good Hope. * M. De Koninck, Foss. de Carb. de Belgique, has made a new genus (Cardinia) in which he places abbreviatus, robustus, carbonarius, antiquus, subconstrictus, uniformis, acutus, atratus, phaseolus, and tellinarius. Pictet, in Traité Paleontologie, says he has never found the family anterior to the Wealden, V. ili. p. 528. * Mr. King formed this genus in 1844, for the Uniones of the Coal Formation. are forty species known. It is supposed there UNIO. 65 Unio antiquior. Strickland. Unio flabellifer. Now/. Unio antiquus. Sow. Mart. Darreut. Unio Galloprovincialis. MJathe. Bronn. Unio antistrophodonta. Lamo. Bronn. Unio Gardannensis. J/athe. Bronn. Unio Aquensis. Math. Unio Gibbsii. Forbes. Unio aquilina. Sow. Unio grandis. Held. Bronn. Unio atavus. Partch. Bronn. Unio geranosus. S. Wood. Unio atratus. foldfuss. Unio Gualterii. Witton. Unio Austenil. orbes. Unio Haydeni. Meek. Unio Batavus. P/eif. Bronn. Unio Hubbardii. Gadd. Unio Bosquinianus. athe. Bronn. Unio humerosoides. Lea. Unio breviplicatus. Now. Unio Hunteri. Hislop. Unio carbonarius. Bronn. Unio hybridus. Sow. lem. Unio eariosoides. Lea. Unio imbricatus. Hislop. Unio Carteri. Hislop. Unio incerta. J. de Serr. Unio centralis. Bronn. Unio incurvus. S. Wood. Unio compressus. Sow. Mant. Unio Kirchbergensis.4 Avrauss. Unio concentricus: Goldf. Bronn. Unio Lacazeana. Dup. Unio concinnus. Sow. Flem. Unio levis. Hichw. Bronn. Unio convexus.! Roem. Bronn. Unio Lartetii. Nou. Unio cordiformis. Sow. Mant. Unio lateralis. Brown. Unio Cornuelianus. D’Orb. Unio latiplicatus. Nou. Unio costatus. Goldf. Unio Lavateri. Goldf. Bronn. Unio crassissimus.2 Sow. Fem. Unio Laymontianus. Nouwl. Unio crassiusculus. Sow. Flem. Unio Levedensis. Brown. Unio Cuvieri. Mathe. Bronn. Unio liasinus. Schiid. Unio cyreniformis.§ Desh. Unio ligamentoides. Lea. Unio Danai. Meek & Hayden. Unio Listeri. Sow. lem. Unio Deccannensis. Sow. Bronn. Unio littoralis. Drap. Bronn. Unio depressus. Sow. Unio Malcolmsoni. Hislop. Unio Deweyanus. Meek & Hayden. Unio mamillatus. Hislop. Unio diluvu. D’Orb. Unio Mandelslohi. Dunk. Unio distortis. Bean. Unio Mantellu. F%tton. Unio dolobratus. Sow. Unio margaritiferus. Horn. Brown. Unio Draparnaldi. Desh. Unio Martinii. Fitton. — Unio edentulus. Braun. Bronn. Unio Menkei. och. Unio Hichwaldianus. Keyser. Bronn. Unio minutus. Pusch. Bronn. Unio elongatus. Misch. Bronn. Unio modiolaris. Sow. Unio Embletoni. Brown. Unio Moldaviensis. Horn. Unio Kseri.t Avrauss. Unio Moravicus. Horn. Unio exoletus. Brown. Unio nana. J. Wood. Unio flabellatus. Goldf. Bronn. Unio nasutoides. Lea. 1 Referred to by Deshayes, Trait. Hlém., vol. ii. p. 215. * This name was preoccupied by Ferussac, but his U. crassissimus is U. crassus, Retz., and, there- fore, Sowerby’s name must stand. * Deshayes, Trait. Hlém, vol. ii. p. 215, proposes this name for twmidus, Sow., the latter being pre- occupied by Retzius. ‘ Die Mollusken Tertiiir-Formation yon Kirchberg. ly 66 UNIO. Unio Nilssoni. och. Unio nucalis. Meek & Hay. Unio nuciformis. H7bb. Unio Oriovacensis. Horn. Unio orthonotus. Con. Unio ovalis. (Anthracosia, Aing.) Turton. Unio paradoxus. Misch. Bronn. Unio parallelus. Sow. Unio penultimus. abd. Unio peregrinus. Phill. Unio petrosus. Mort. : nio phaseolus. Sow. Jnio Phillipsii. Williams. Bronn. Jnio Pianensis. S. Wood. Jnio pictorum. Lam. Jnio pinguis. Sand. U U Unio planus. Rémer. Bronn. U U qc] cl Jnio porrectus. Sow. Mant. Jnio primigenius. Con. Unio priscus. Meek & Hayden. Unio problematicus. ATlip. Bronn. Unio radiatoides. Lea. Unio Roanokoides. Lea. Unio robustus. Sow. Unio Romeri. Dunk. Bronn. Unio rostratus. S. Wood. Unio Rouxii. Nout. Unio saxulum. Mort. Unio Slavonicus. Harn. Unio Solandri. Sow. Flem. Unio splendens. Goldf. Bronn. Unio Staffinensis. Forbes. Unio striatus. Goldf. Bronn. Unio Stricklandii. PAzii. Unio strictiplicatus. Nou. Unio Sturi. Horn. Unio subconstrictus. (Anthracosia, King.) Sow. lem. Unio subporrectus. Rimer. Bronn. Unio subrotundoides. Lea. Unio subrugosus. Mathe. Bronn. Unio subsinuatus. Koch. Unio subspatulatus. Meek & Hayden. Unio subtetragonus. 8. Wood. Unio subtriangularis. Brown. Unio subtrigonus. Desh. Bronn. Unio subtruncatus. Fitton. Unio subtumidus! D’Orb. Unio sulcatus. Hichw. Bronn. Unio suprajurensis. Rimer. Bronn. Unio tellinarius. Goldfuss. Unio terrenus. Mort. Unio Toulouzanii. Mathe. Bronn. Unio transversalis. Jf de Serr. Unio transversus. Brown. Unio trigonus? Romer. Koch. Unio truncatosa. Mich. Unio tumidus. Sow. Unio tumulatis. Mort. Unio turgida (Carbonicola), IM Coy. Unio umbonatus. Fisch. Bronn. Unio uniformis. Sow. Flem. Unio Urii. Flem. Unio Valdensis. Mantell. Unio ventricosus. . Bowil. Bronn. Unio Verze-Pacis. Tristram. Unio vetusta. eek. Unio Voltzii. Koch. Unio Vukontinovici. Hirn. Unio Walteri. Mant. Bronn. Unio Wetzeleri. Dank? Unio Zelebori. Horn. Unio Sow.! Deshayes, Trait. Hlém., vol. ii. p. 215, says M. Noulet found, in the Middle Tertiary of the Sub-Pyrenean basin, nineteen species of fossil Uniones; but he does not give their names, nor the work of M. Noulet. * D’Orbigny’s Prod. Palzonto., vol. ii. p. 306, substitutes subtumidus for tumidus, Sow., it being pre- occupied. * U. trigonus was described by Rémer in Nord. Ool. 1836. TI published my trigonus in Trans. Am. Phil. 1831, and therefore have precedence. * In Pictet, Traité, vol. iii. p. 529. * Referred to by figure in Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ii. p- 647. It has the form of littoralis, and is found at “Gray’s.” MARGARITANA. 67 IV. SUBGENUS MARGARITANA.’ re TRIANGULAR. [ { OBLONG. S 5 *complanata. Bar. Lea. Unio marginatus. Reeve. Han. = |e Alas. complanata. Bar. Hild. Sow. Mya regulosa. Wood. Han. = : Symph. complanata. Lea. Sh. & Hat. Mya rugosa. Kat. = Unio complanata. Desh. Han. Alas. corrugata. Dekay. v2 Mya complanata. Hat. Vignouana. Bern. *rugosa.t Lea. Kiril. Alas. rugosa. Bar. Sh. d& Hat. Hild. Adams. Dekay. Alas. abducta. Say. Complanaria rugosa. Swains. Stinup- son. (Agass. MSS.) Unio rugosus. Chenu. Han. QUADRATE. *confragosa. Say. Lea. Alas. confragosa. Say. Unio confragosa. Desh. Han. PLICATE. TRIANGULAR. *arcula. Lea. Alasmodonta arcula. Chenu. Han. NON-SYMPHYNOTE MARGARITAN Ai. NON-SYMPHYNOTE MARGARITAN Zi. PLICATE é { oBLoNa. OBLONG. = | *Gesneril. Lea. *marginata. Say. Lea. Ser Alas. marginata2 Say. Bar. Gould. ( TRIANGULAR. Migh. Lins. Dekay. Stimp. *deltoidea. Lea. Alas. truncata? Say. = Alasmodonta deltoidea. Chenu. Han. Unio cariosa. (Var. 2.) Lam. E Unio varicosa. Lam. : *minor. Lea. | Unio caleeolus. Say, not of Lea. Alasmodonta minor. Chenu. 1The genus Margaritana was proposed by Schumacher, in his Hssai d’un Nouveau Systéme des Habitations des Vers Testacés, published in 1817, for the Mya margaritifera, Lin. (Unio elongata, Lam. and Alasmodonta arcuata, Bar.). Mr. Say, in 1818, proposed to establish this same division under the generic name of Alasmodonta. The Danish zoologist, having priority of date, must have his name pre- ferred. Mr. Gray, in his Genera, adopts Margaritana, but he cites Baphia, Gevers, in 1787. H. and A. Adams, in Genera of Rec. Mol., give Baphia preference, and cite Meuchen, in Museum Geversianum, 1787, as having priority, which I think is correct; and they make the following subgenera—Alasmodonta, Say, Complanaria, Swain., Calceola, Swain. 2 This species has a very wide geographical distribution. In the St. Lawrence and in the Northern States, it is of ordinary size as it is in the Middle States; but in Ohio it is found large and thick, and very perfectly developed. In South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee, it is smaller; and in Kansas, in Verdigris River, it is very much like those in Pennsylvania. 8 Several specimens of fine marginata have been sent to me from the west, marked Alas. truncata, Say, being one of his unpublished names, but specimens given by him to various conchologists under that name. I have never considered it distinct from the marginata of the eastern rivers, although it is generally larger and of finer color in the exterior. * J found the oviducts of IZ rugosa fully charged on the 20th May. 68 MARGARITANA. { (TRIANGULAR. OVAL. *Curreyana. Lea. *elliptica. Lea. *undulata. Say. Lea. *Georgiana. Lea. Unio undulata. Jay. Han. M. Htowahensis. Lea. Alas. undulata. Say. Bar. Swain. Alasmodonta impressa. Anth. Gould. Kiist. Adams. Linsi. Dekay. Migh. Alas. seulptilis (junior). Say. Strophitus sculptilis. Stimpson. (Agass. MSS.) Mya undulata. Wood. Unio hians. Valen. radiata? Oon. Lea. Alas. radiata. Con. Unio radiata. Han. Pfeifferiana. Bern. NON-SYMPHYNOTE MARGARITANZ. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE MARGARITAN Ai. Unio glabratus. Sow. é Uniopsis radiata. Swain. z *ealceola® Lea. Kirti. Unio calceolus. Lea. Han. Desh. *trianeulata. Lea. Ghent Unio triqueter. Sh. & Hat. OVAL. Alas. marginata* Say. *Tombigbéensis, Lea. Alas. truncata. Con., not of Say. Calceola angulata. Swain. *Raveneliana.’ Lea. Alasmodonta Raveneliana. Chenu. OBLONG. Unio Swanaoensis. Han. *Alabamensis. Lea. *Hilhottu. Lea. | *quadrata. Lea. * It has been supposed that this might be the Alas. marginata, Say, but in a specimen received from Prof. Troost, and returned to him, I found the beaks to differ essentially, the undulations being small and numerous at the tip. It differs also in the teeth and other characters. * This shell, in the teeth, except in the size of them, very closely resembles the Alas. edentula, Say— An. areolatus, Swain. Although in both these shells there is a small cardinal tooth, in all their other characters they so closely resemble the Anodonte, that it is a matter of doubt with me as to the propriety of separating them from that genus. An examination of the animals, when satisfactorily dissected, may show the necessity of placing them both, notwithstanding their possessing small cardinal teeth, with the Anodontx. Swainson, in his Malacology, refers to radiata as his Uniopsis radiata; but this must be an error. I think his shell is a thick var. of Marg. undulata, such as comes from Canada. * In my Memoir in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. iii. p. 420 (p. 34 of “Observations on the Genus Unio”), I mention this shell as being closely allied to the genus Alasmodonta of Say. In this Synopsis, I have deemed it better to transfer it to the subgenus Margaritana, as the lateral tooth is observable in very few individuals. Deshayes says it is between Unio and Alasmodonta. * Mr. Say, in his Synonymy, makes calceolus and marginata the same. I am surprised at this, as their characters, in many respects, are very different, and I have never heard it even suggested before that they could be confounded. MARGARITANA. 69 WIDE. if ( ARCUATE. *Hildrethiana. Lea. Unio elongata. Lam. Mich. Bouwil. Unio Hildrethianus. Lea. Nils. Puton. Potier. Dup. Al. ambigua? Say. Merm. Gras. Unio sinwata. Stud. Pfeif. Unio Roissyt. Mich. Desh. Gras. Unio margaritiferus. Retz. Speng. Pfeif. Cuv. Drap. Bose. Turt. Gaertner.’ Menke. Waard. Rossm. Dup. Bouil. Alder. Gras. Han. Unio margaritifer. Graells. Schrenk. Midd. Unio rivalis. Ziey. Unio Carolinianus.? Bose. Unio Dahuricus. Midd. Cerst. *dehiscens” Say. Lea. Unio dehiscens. Say. Desh. Han. Unio oriens. Lea. OBOVATE. *Connasaugaensis. Lea. *Spillmani.- Lea. ARCUATE. *margaritifera? Lin. Lea. Cooper.‘ Mya margaritifera. Lin. Miil. NON-SYMPHYNOTE MARGARITAN Al. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE MARGARITAN Ai. SMOOTH Born. Schrit. Pennant. Don. Alas. margaritiferum. Flem. Brown. Chem. Knorr. Da Costa. Dill. Maegit. Desh. Wood. Mat. Monta. Alas. margaritiferus. Thompson. Miiht. Nil. Schretb. Cuv. Forbes. Rossm. Dup. Eat. Chenu. Mog. Alas. elongatus. Thompson. crassissima. Klein. Alas. arcuata. Bar. Gould. Adams. Margaritana fluviatilis® Schum. Migh. Linsl. Dekay. Margaritana arcuata. Stimpson. Mya arcuata. Hat. Margaritana (Unio) Mongolicus. Alas. falcata. Gould. Midd. Alas. Yubaensis. Trask. 1 In the previous editions, this was placed among the Uniones with much hesitation. I now think it groups better with the Margaritane. Its cardinal tooth is very much like WZ. Bonelli, and the callus of the dorsal margin is sometimes, in both, so much thickened as to present an imperfect appearance of a lateral tooth. Mr. Say’s description of ambigua answers well to Hildrethiana, but I am not sure it is the same, as he has given no figure of it. He seems to have abandoned it, as he does not insert it in his Synonymy. Mr. Conrad also avoids the insertion of it in his Synoptical Table. * Mr. Say, in his Synonymy, gives Mr. Rafinesque’s name of lata precedence. Mr. Haton says that An. lata, Raf., is Symphynota tenuissima, Lea. * Klein describes this species under the name of crassissima, but with no generic term. This name has been, by Ferussac and other zoologists, erroneously applied to the large Unio, common to the south of Europe, which Retzius described as Unio crassus, and I have given it to Retzius. Klein’s crassissima is the true Margaritana margaritifera (Mya margaritifera, Lin.), and his figure of it, Pl. x. Fig. 47, is a copy of Lister’s, Tab. 149, Fig. 4. * Judge Cooper states, under the authority of Dr. Cooper, that the Indians east of Cascade Moun- tains eat this species. °T adopt Schumacher’s generic name because he has priority; but I discard his specific name of fluviatilis because he changed, without any reason, the long and well-established specific name of mar- garitifera. ® Fide Menke. "T have been, and am still, perplexed about this species of Bosc. M. Ferussac considers it the same with Unio obesus (nobis), and I so stated it in my second edition. Recently, I have had access to Bosce’s description and figure (Hist. Nat. des Coquilles), which agree better with Margaritana margaritifera than any other species; and he refers to the figure of it in Ency. Meth. 18 70 MARGARITANA. ARCUATE. The following species are unknown to me:— es 1 7. : Alas. complanatus.' Midd. Nesaatlonia Tipline, Fen. S| Alasmodonta incurva, er. Proc. Acad. N.8., vol. vii. p. 32. The description is at length, but there is no specific name given! Loe. unknown. land PLAGIODON. ial: V. SUBGENUS PLAGIODON.’ f SUBROTUND. *isocardioides. Lea. HH. Adams. NON-SYMPH. PLAGIODON. 1 Proposed by me, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. viii. p. 79, and Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iii., N.S., p. 319, and Obs. on the Genus Unio, vol. vi. -I bo MONOCONDYLQGA, VI. SUBGENUS MONOCONDYLGA.’ OVATE. OVATE. *crebristriata. Fer. NON-SYMPH. MONOCOND. SMOOTH 1 D’Orbieny, the distinguished traveller in South America, formed the genus Monocondylea for a group of shells which he first observed, and which possess a single cardinal tooth and no lamellar one. This tooth certainly differs from that of the Margaritana, Schum. (Alasmodonta, Say). I am indebted to the great kindness of M. D’Orbigny for his species. The shell figured by Spix, Pl. 25, Figs. 1 and 2, under the name of Aplodon inerme, but not described in the text, evidently belongs to D’Orbigny’s genus Monocondylea. It is certainly a most interesting group, and it is to be regretted that we have no description of the soft parts. There seem to be three natural sub-groups in Monocondylwa. 1. Francis- cana, Paraguayana, Parshappii, Corrientesensis, and Guayrayana have the large tooth in the left valve anterior to the large one in the right valve. 2. Vondembuschiana has the reverse of this, as is also the case with inoscularis, Gould. These two are from the Hast Indies, while the former are all South American. 3. The fossiculifera differs distinctly from both these forms. The dorsal line is not bent into a curve by the teeth, but is indented in each valve, the fosset being fitted by a corresponding projection on the opposed valve. This I propose to call Fossula. When the soft parts of the different species shall be examined, these proposed divisions may be sustained, and the group will consist of Monocondylaa, D’Orbigny, Pseudodon, Gould, and Fossula, Lea. 2 Dr. Gould described this shell in the Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Dec. 6, 1843, and proposed a sub- genus (Pseudodon) for it. The hinge margin is formed exactly like my Monocondylea Vondembuschiana, and I have therefore placed it in that genus. 5’ T am disposed to think, judging from M. Bourguignat’s figures, that my rhomboidea and his Euphraticus, Opperti, and Churchillianus are all the same. If so, he must have preference. 4 M. Bourguignat, in Voy. Mer. Mort by Saulcy, describes this shell as having no lateral teeth, and the figure evidently shows it belongs to the genus Monocondyla@a. It is from Jaffa. 5 In a letter from the Abbé Stabile, Milan, Jan. 1861, he tells me that Anodonta Uniopsis, Lam., is only a small thin variety of Alasmodonta Bonellii, Fer. If Uniopsis and Bonellii be the same, then the former has the preference, and the latter is a synonym. MONOCONDYL@GA. 73 WIDE. OBOVATE. Alas. Bonelli. Fer. *Peouensis. Anth. Blan. Alas. depressa? Villa. Alas. compressa. Menke. Villa. *Vondembuschiana. Lea. Margarit. Bonelli. Villa. Margarit. Zollingert. Mousson.* Unio Bonellit. Han. i Margarit. crispata. Mousson. Unio depressa. Pfeif. Miihl. Margari. fragilis. Mousson. *Mouhotiana. Lea. *Cumingii. Lea. Anod. Cumingii. Lea. *compressa. Lea. Pseudodon ellipticum. Con. OBOVATE. *Paraguayana. D’Orb. Unio Paraguayana. Han. *planulata.? Lea. *inoscularis. Gould. Blan. An. inoscularis. Gould. SMOOTH. SMOOTH. *Pazi. Lea. Minuana. D’Orb3 *Parchappu. D’Orb. Schom. Unio Minuana. Han. Unio Parchappti. Han. NON-SYMPHYNOTE MONOCONDYL@. NON-SYMPHYNOTE MONOCONDYLG 2. ARCUATE. *Corrientesensis. D’Ord. “Mardinensis. Lea. Unio Corrientesensis. Han. Leguminaia Mardinensis. Con. *Guarayana. D’Orb. Chenu. Hupé. SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME. Unio Guarayana. Han. Mon. orbicularis. ore. Mon. Tamsiana. Dunk. *fossiculifera. D’Ord. Mon. tumidus. More. Unio fossiculiferus. Han. | Mon. exilis. More. 1 Menke and Pfeif, in Zeits. fur Malak., say that these three shells are the same as Margaritana (Monocondylea) Vondembuschiana, Lea. 2 Young of Vondembuschiana? _§ The figure of Minuana is so nearly like to that of Paraguayana that it is likely to prove merely a variety. 19 7A: DIPSAS. VII. SUBGENUS DIPSAS.'* { TRIANGULAR. { . (TRIANGULAR. *plicatus.2 Leach. ~ |e Barbala bi-alata. Chenu. as Barbala plicata’ Humph. A Unio bi-alata. Desh. Reeve. Han. = Myt. plicatus. Soland. 5 Dianisolis Chinensis. Raf. oi Myt. dubius. Gmel. Dill. z emilee Cristaria tuberculata. Schum. 5 OVAL. | 2 An. dipsas. Fer. & *discoideus.® Lea. & | & An. exotica. Blain. z Symp. discoidea. Lea. E An. tuberculatus. Fer. = z Unio discoideus. Reeve.’ Han. e An. alatus. Sow. es Unio tenuis. Gray.® @ An. Herculea* Midd. Gerst. - BR An. tenuis. Gray’ Baird & Adams. An. bellua. More. An. Chinensis. Phili. { Symph. bi-alata®> Lea. Barbala discoidea. Chenu. 1 Mr. Swainson discards the name of dipsas, because it was used by Larentini (1768) for a genus of reptiles, and he says he gladly adopts that of Symphynota, Lea (Malac., p. 288). I think it better, how- ever, that the rule recently adopted among most zoologists not to repeat generic names, should be more prospective than retrospective, if adopted at all. Well and long established names are not likely to lead to error. But the name of Barbala, Humphreys, has no doubt the pre-eminent title, and should take precedence over all other proposed names, viz., Barbata, Sow., Cristaria, Schum., Appius, Leach, Diani- sotis, Raf., Dipsas, Leach (1815), Symphynota, Swain. not Lea, Dipsax, Voight, if we allow the names of Humphreys. 2 Perfect specimens show the whole linear tooth, and the folds on the posterior slope and on the posterior wing, but old and imperfect specimens sometimes exhibit neither. The imperfect figure and description by Leach (who made the genus in 1815) of this fine shell, led me to believe that it could not be the same with that which I described under the name of Sym. bi-alata. 5 Fide Dr. Gray. * Dr. Dunker, in Cassel, showed me valve in his collection from Siberia, somewhat fractured, which is undoubtedly the Dipsas plicatus, Leach. It is the largest specimen belonging to this family which I have seen: in breadth about 12 inches; length 73 inches. See note on An. gigantea. 5 Mr. Rafinesque, in the continuation of his Monograph (p. 7), affirms decidedly that the Symphynota bi-alata, Lea, is a peculiar genus, but he changes it to Dianisolis Chinensis! ! 6 The posterior termination of the tooth shows some disposition to duplication, and evidently inclines to pass into the subgenus Unio. * The figure No. 275 is not discoideus, Lea, but probably taken from U. levissimus, Lea. § In Griffith’s Cuvier. ANODONTA. vs) VII. SUBGENUS ANODONTA.* TRIANGULAR. *Wahlamatensis. Lea. Cooper. Han. An. triangularis. Trask. An. rotundovata. Trask. trigona. Spix. Hupé. Han. OVAL. Symp. Benedictensis. Lea. An. cultrata. Gould. SS) *Nuttalliana. Zea. Han. OVAL. *maenifica? Lea. Han. Symp. magnifica. Lea. Chenu. *Californiensis. Lea. SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT A. SMOOTH An. rotundatus. Swain. Popes An. aurata. Kiist. ( *rubicunda. Lea. An. magnifica. Schrenck.§ OBOVATE. SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT/. SMOOTH *crispata.t Lam. Han. An. glauca. Gould? An. puberula. Gould. *Woodiana. Lea. Han. Symp. Woodiana. Lea. *Benedictii. Lea. Adams. Dekay. eee Stimpson. Han. tortilis. Lea. NON-SYMPH. ANODON. PLICATE 1 As Bruguiere first separated this group from Unio, and called it Anodontites, it ought to be at least mentioned if his name be not adopted. Anodonta is now so universally used that it might be doubted if it should be changed. Bruguiére published in Hncy. Math. in 1792. Poli, in his great work, sub- sequently reunites Unio and Anodonta. H.and A. Adams give the following subgenera: Symphynota, Lea, Lamproscarpha, Swain., Patularia, Swain. 2 Dr. Gray, in Griffith’s Cuvier, Pl. 24, Fig. 2, gives a figure, without description, of a shell, under the name of Unio tenuis, which he thinks is my An. magnifica; but it appears to me to be my Dipsas discoidea. It is figured with the linear tooth of Dipsas. 8 The figure given by Dr. Schrenck in Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande is not my magnifica. I therefore propose to call it Schrenkit. * With some hesitation, I have placed this and tortilis under the division plicate, as the folds or crimples are so small as almost to require a lens. But to place them in the division of “smooth” shells would be, I think, more objectionable. ° In letter of April 7, 1855, Dr. Gould says he has changed glauca (being preoccupied) to puberula, and that it belongs to Monocondylea, O’Orb. 76 ANODONTA. OVAL. f OVAL. *eyenea.! Drap. Lam. Mill. Crouch. Myt. fucatus. Dill. Blain. Pfeif. Turt. Des Mout. Myt. Zellensis. Gmel. Schri. Schreib. Flem. Grat. Bowl. Brard. Bose. Myt. Avonensis. Monta. Wood. Kd. Children. Puton. Potier. Gassies. Hneyclopedia. Mog. Por. Klees. Morelet. Merm. Forb. Myt. radiatus.® Mil. Schri. Schreib. and Hanl. Villa. Guerin. Graells. Myt. inerassatus. Shep. = Thompson. Cuv. Gray. Kiist. ei Myt. maculata. Shep. E Brown. Bouch. Fossm. Desh. E fragilis. Klein. g Studer. Menke. Gras. Goupil. | 2 Musculus fluviatilis. Klein. 2 Dup. Fitz. Swain. Schrenck. | 3 Musculus latus. List. Klein. a re Charp. Waard. Kickx. Midd? a re Musculus angustior. Klein. B18 Gras. Stein. Chenu. Brot. Bourg. | & } & Grand Moule des étangs. Creoff. Gc |e Han. Mog. Cail. S| a An. anatina. Lam. Cuv. Mill. Dill. zy Myt. cygneus. Lin. Chem. Sehri. = Bose. Drap. Sow. Pfeif. Flem. 5 Dill. Miiht. Monta. Mat3 Shep. e Grat. Des Moul. Stud. Bouil. z Tur, Mill. Schreib, Pennant. z Macgitl. Phili. Menke. Desh. A Don. Da Costa. A More. Goup. Nils. Put. Kiist. Myt. anatinus. Lin. Chem. Schro. Dup. Ald. Graells. Villa, K lees. Schum. Wood. Monta. Don. Da Por. Gass. Bouch. Pot. Charp. Costa. Penn. Shep. Tur. Dill. Drowet. Waard. Fitz. Arada. Mat. Schreib. Grat. Midden® Gerst. Brot. Bourg. Myt. stagnalis. Gmel. Dill. Sow. Han. Mog. Cail. Schrevb. An. suleata. Lam. Nils. Vill. Myt. fluviatilis’ Gmel. Schreib. An. dentiens. Menke. 1 T have, after a good deal of consideration and examination of my specimens, and the figures in the numerous works describing the Unionide, satisfied myself that An. cygnea and An. anatina are not specifically distinct. If the observation of M. Poiret, that the first is viviparous and the last oviparous, be correct, then they should be certainly separated. I feel perfectly persuaded, however, that he must be in error. Turton, in his recent work on the Land and Fresh Water Shells of Great Britain, says he is “inclined to think that all our supposed species of this genus may be justly resolved into one.” M. Gras (Description des Moll. Fluv. et Ter. de la France) says that anatinus is only the young of cygneus ; and Dr. Gray says, in his Manual of Fresh Water and Land Shells, that it is a most variable species, and that “we must not only dissent to the division of this polymorphous bivalve into these numerous species, into which it has been separated by the continental writers, but even demur to the possibility of arrang- ing the diversities of shape and coloring into strictly different varieties.” ‘Like Unio, this genus is chiefly American, only one distinctly-marked species inhabiting Europe.” Such has been my opinion for more than twenty years. (See note on Unio pictorum.) 2 Middendorff (Sibi. Reise) refers to his Pl. 21, Figs. 4 and 5; Pl. 22, Figs. 1 and 2; and Pl. 26, Figs. 1 and 2, for An. cygnea, but Figs. 1 and 2 on Pl. 22 are undoubtedly Dipsas plicatus, Leach. 5p of Maton and Racket (Lin. Soc. Trans., vol. iv.) is evidently, judging from the figure, Unio litoralis. * Gmelin states this shell to be from the fresh waters of Europe, and allied to Anatina. If this be true, there cannot be a doubt of its being the same with cygnea. The fluviatilis of Solander and Dillwyn is said to be from North America, and Say’s cataracta is the same, no doubt. 5 Fide Dillwyn. ; ° Tunguska River, Siberia. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT ZA. SMOOTH. ANODONTA. OVAL. An. intermedia. Lam. Pfeif. Nilss. Waard. Fite. Charp. Bouil. Menke. Desh. Bouch. Dup. Pot. An. variabilis. (Var. b.) Drap. Vill. Mog. An. cellensis. Pfeif. Menke. Rossm. More. Kiist. Bose. Dup. Vill. Mous. Brot. Grat. Midden. Waard. Fitz. Gerst. Bourg. An. ventricosa. Pfeif. Menke. Bouch. Vill. Pot. Dup. Kiist. Waard. Kickx. Midd. Brot. Grat. An. ponderosa.? Pfeif. Menke. Pot. Por. Dup. Rossm. Kiist. Held. Graells. Waard. Drouet. Kicka. Midd. Grat. Cail. An. paludosus. Tur. An. stagnalis. Bose An. fluviatilis. Bose. An. grossa. Zieg. An. obvoluta. Zieg. An. complanata. Zieg. Menke. Kiist. Drouet. Midd. Mog. An. rhomboidea. An. spuria.' An. proboscidalis. Zieg. An. piscinalis. Nil. Gass. Pot. Grat. Dup. Kiist. Rossm. Vill. Drouet. Midd. Stab. Carll. Bourg. Brot. An. rostrata. Kokiel. Rossm. Dup. Held. Kiist. Vill. Drouet. Bourg. An. attenuata. Held An. limpida. Lieg. An. exulcerata. Vill. An. Klettii. Rossm. Rossm. Pitz. Schlut. Rossm. Por. derous and less produced behind. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONTA. SMOOTH. 17 OVAL. An. convexa. Dup. An. Rossmassleriana. Grat. An. Rossmassleri. An. Parreyssit. An. regularis. An. maculenta. An. Lusitania. An. ranarum. An. coarctata. An. minima. Dup. Drouet. Kinb. Kinb. More. More. More. More. Mich. Pot. An. Grateloupiana. Caill. An. ovalis. An. Dupuyt. An. arelatensis. An. Milletii. Grat. An. Normandi. Dup. Grat. An. oblonga. Stentz. Mill. Zieg. Drouet. Bourg. An. Rayit. Dup. Grat. An. subponderosa. Dup. Grat. An. Scaldiana. Dup. Drouet. Grat. An. Moulinsiana. Dup. Drouet. Grat. An. subrhomboidea. An. contorta. An. luxata. An. callosa. An. inornata. An. cartosa. An. arealis. An. subluxata. An. Sondermanit. An. anserirostris. An. tenella. Kiist. Drouet. Drouet. Pot. Mill. Gass. Grat. Grat. Requien. Pot. Ray and Drout. Dup. Jacq. Dup. Caill. Ray and Drout. Dup. Dup. Brown. Brown. Held. Kiist. Kiist. Kiist. Kiist. Kiist. Kiist. Kiist. Kiist. 1 Var. Beringiana, Kamtschatka. 2 This and grossa are certainly very different in aspect from the cygnea, Lam., being more pon- This difference may, however, be effected by locality. Should it prove constant, ponderosa ought to be considered a distinct species, and such may prove to be the fact, but I doubt it much. 5 I presume that Bosc meant the same variety as My. fluviatilis, Gmel. But he refers to Lister’s Pl. 157, which is probably Unio cariosus, Say. Bosc refers to Hurope for the habitat of his species, and certainly there is no species in Hurope like Lister’s figure. * Count Yoldi’s letter to me. 5 He since considers it a variety of cellensis, Pfeif. 738 ANODONTA. OVAL. OVAL. An. tumida. Pitz. Kiist. *Danielsii. Lea. An. confervigera. Schluter. An. rhomboidea. Schluter. An. parvula. Drouet. An. subalata. Zieg. i An. assimilis. Zieg. *Hallenbeckii. Lea. *Gesneril. Lea. An. vetula. Zieg. An. deplanata. Zieg. *Leonensis. Lea. An. nitida. Zieg. An. prolongata. Zieg. An. derassa. Zieg. An. excentrica. Zieg. An. spreta. Zieg. ’ : An. fuscata. Zieg. *Simpsoniana. Lea. An. latissima. Kok. *Oregonensis. Lea. Obvoper. Han. An. cognata. Gould. : An. depressa. Schmidt. = Lueasii. Desh. More. 2 An. subdepressa. Drouet. = Z An. minuta. Drouet. a *Pepiniana, Lea. may || An. corrosa. Drouet. = |e S g An. Dalmatina. Drouet. 5 g - saree a An. truncata. Drouet. e Kennicottii. Lea. = An. crassa. Fitz. S rn An. opalina. Kiist. a *Dallasiana. Lea. z An. Sedakowtt. Stesm. a a An. Beringiana. Midd. fe *fragilis, Lam. Han. An. Middendorfii. Stesm. An. pallida? Anth. An. Gougetana. Ogerien. Aaa, brratortoctin, Agi, An. arenaria. Bourg. An. flava. Anth An. psammita. Bourg. An. Hilvetica. Bourg. An. anatinella. Stab. An. contracta. Stab. An. Pictetiana. Dum. Brot. An. melina. Bourg. An. glandulosa. Anth. An. trisans. Anth. An. subcarinata. Currier. *Hootiana. Lea. An. arenaria. H. & A. Adams. An. MeNielii. Anth. Anodontites cygnea. Porr. Anodontites anatina. Poir. uniopsis2 Lam. Han. Unio uniopsis. Desh. micans. NON-SYMPHYNOTE COLUMB ZS. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE COLUMBA. ? Testa xequivalvis, ineequilatera, subtriangulari. Cardo linearis edentulus. Impressio muscularis lii postica inflecta. 2 In my description of Blainvilliana (Observations on the Genus Unio, vol. i. p. 189), I observed that J was induced to believe that the animal of this shell would be found to differ from that of the genus Anodonta. M. D’Orbigny, in his Synopsis of the Fresh Water Shells of South America, has in fact so found it. The animal has two tubes. Nevertheless, although I then proposed, if such should be the case, that it should be placed in a new genus, under the name of Columba, I continued it in the subgenus Anodonta, as, with the artificial system, which is founded on the hinge, I thought it could not with propriety be elsewhere classed. I then mentioned that when the family shall be arranged in a system founded on the animal structure only, it evidently must be changed, and I doubted then if it should be placed in the genus Jridina, for, although it is likely that all the species of that genus have two tubes, they do not seem to possess the inflected palleal cicatrix, which I noted in the description of Blain- viliana. There being now at least two distinct species known, I have thought it best to classify the genus Columba as proposed March 15th, 1833 (Obs. vol. i. p. 190). 5 In a letter from Dr. Gray, Nov. 1834, he states that his Parishit and my Blainvilliana are the same. His paper is dated July 8th, 1834; mine, March 15th, 1833. * M. D’Orbigny, at p. 43, Synopsis Ter. and Fluv. Mollusque, makes An. trapezialis, Lam., a synonym to his Iridina trapezialis; but I think that Lamarck’s An. trapezialis is a different shell. I cannot but think that D’Orbigny’s I. trapezialis is my An. Blainvilliana. ; 5M. D’Orbigny thinks that this is my Blainvilliana, but, having his specimens and mine of both these species, I am induced still to believe that I am correct. The two specimens resemble each other, but are certainly distinct. The inflected palleal cicatrix exists in both, but the eswla is more curved, and the dorsal margin is more sinuous, the nacre being bluish white, while the five or six specimens of Blain- villiana which I have seen are all salmon color. ® Mag. de Zool., 1835. " Gray’s Genera. BYSSANODONTA. 87 X. SUBGENUS BYSSANODONTA.* Fie. | QUADRATE. Paranensis. D’Orb. Chenu. | SMOOTH. 1 This is a remarkable fresh water bivalve discovered by M. D’Orbigny, remaining always attached by a byssus. See Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid. 88 IRIDINA. CIN WIS Je Ib ACI IS. I. SUBGENUS IRIDINA.’ ARCUATE. *exotica. Lam. Desh Pot. Chenu. Trid. striata. Swain. Woodward. Trid. elongata. Sow. { { OBLONG. Spekiu.3 Woodward. OBOVATE. %ovata. Swain. Woodward. Trid. exotica. Children. NON-SYMPH. IRID. SMOOTH NON-SYMPHYNOTE IRIDIN®. SMOOTH Trid. spendida. Chenu. Species Unknown to me. Pleiodon Macmurtriet. Con. Pleiodon ovata. Con. Chenu. Tridina valeus.° Parr. Tridina solida. Anton. *Leaiit Sov. Tridina Welwitchii. Jore. 1 Genus Platiris (nobis), aaarys, latus; cpus, iris. Testd xquivalvis, laté transversd; impressiones musculares grandes; cardo longus, linearis; ligamentum externum. ? When Lamarck established his genus Jridina, he had seen but a single species, and of that only one individual, which is figured in the Hncyclop. Méthodique, Pl. 204. Other species have been since referred to his genus, which do not seem to me to fulfil the conditions of his generic diagnosis. The phrase “cardo per longitudinem tuberculosus, subcrenatus,’” is by no means descriptive of the hinge belonging to the species just alluded to, which has the hinge smooth, or very slightly tuberculate. The figure in the Encyclopédie, and that of Blainville (Pl. 66, Fig. 3), represent the same individual, and exhibit a character of hinge resembling in some measure that of an Arca. A second species, apparently agreeing with Lamarck’s generic description, has been observed and described by Swainson, under the name of Iridina ovata (Phil. Mag., vol. \xi.); and it has also been described by Mr. Children under the name of J. exotica (Brande’s Journ., vol. xv.). The specimen described in Brande’s Journal is now in the British Museum, and that accurate naturalist, Dr. John Edward Gray, who is one of the officers of that noble institution, informs me that he thinks it is identical with the shell upon which Mr. Conrad has lately proposed to form a new genus, Pleiodon. Under these circumstances, it seems to me necessary to separate those shells having a crenulated hinge (which are true ridin), from those having the hinge smooth, or very slightly tuberculated. I therefore arrange the Iridina rubens, Nilotica, &c., in a new subgenus, for which I propose the name of Spatha. In an intemperate note by Mr. Conrad, on the cover of No. 11 of his Monography, he says that I refer P. Macmurtriei to Iridina ovata, because Dr. Gray thinks them identical; and further says this ‘must be a wilful error” on my part! But this irritable remark cannot alter the fact. Jt is identical. Mr. Swainson (Malacology, p. 286) says “the name of Pleiodon cannot be substituted for that of Iridina, as applied to the typical species.” Ferussac says that Humphrey, in his Catalogue (MSS.?), made a genus (Scapha) for an Iridina, and that the “mutel, D’Adanson,” is certainly the same (J/ém. de 1’ Hist. Nat. de Paris, v. i. p. 362). * This has so much the characteristic of ovata that I should not be surprised if it proved eventually to be a well-marked variety of that species. ; * Mr. Sowerby very kindly presented me with a specimen under this name. It looks to me like a young J. ovata, and IJ have little doubt but that it will prove to be such. ° M. Deshayes gives the Nilotica as a synonym to this species, but I think it is distinct. ® From Africa, in Jay’s Cat. SPATHA. 89 Il. SUBGENUS SPATHA.* NON-SYMPHYNOTE SPATH A. s = Le a 5 TRIANGULAR. Sales alata. Lea. me a = mi mM OVAL. *Nyassaensis. Lea. s OBLONG. ZI *Natalensis. Lea. 5 An. tabula. Sow. WIDE. *modesta. Lea. OVAL. *rubens.? _Lam. Chenu. Trid. rubens. Desh. Cuv. Rang. Trid. arenata? Caill. Pot. ¢ An. obtusa? Potier and Mich. S An. rubens. Lam. Blain. Menke. a Kiist. An. Clappertoni’ Kenig. Spatha Cailliaudi? Mart. Spatha Hartmanni? Mart. NON-SYMPHYNOTE SPATH Ai. F SMOOTH. OVAL. Wahlbergi.t Arauss. Baikii. HH. Adams. (Anodonta.) WIDE. *dubia. Gmel. Chenu. Myt. dubius. Gmel. Dill. Mut. dubia. H. and A. Adams. Trid. Nilotica. Sow. Fer. Cw. Crouch. Caill. Pot. Desh. Mart. An. dubia? Bose. Trid. Oudniei. Kenig. Trid. gracilis. Caill. Spatha Nilotica. Anton. Kiist. Calliscapha Nilotica. Swain. Chenu. Myt. Niloticus. Wood. Le mutel. Adan. Trid. mutel? Rang. Trid. angustata. Sow. *ceelestis.® Lea. Trid. rostrata? Rang. Pot. Spatha rostrata. Kiist. Species unknown to me. Spatha compressa. Mart. Spatha Petersi. Mart. 1H. and A. Adams divide the group into Mutela, Scopoli, Scalliscapha, Swain, Pleiodon, Con., Spatha, Lea, Leila, Gray, Mutela, consisting of dubia, Gmel., valeus, Parr. 2 Dr. Gray informs me that Cailliaud figures a species near to this from Egypt, which is in his possession, but I have not seen the shell or description. A specimen in Mr. Tanner’s collection labelled Tridina arcuata, Caill., and sent by M. Cailliaud to the late Mr. Hyde, is an Anodonta. 3 In Denham and Clapperton’s Journey. «The figure is very like rubens, but Prof. Krauss says it differs (‘‘Siidafrikanischen Mollusken”’). It comes from Natal, South Africa. 5 A specimen of celestis received of Dr. Pitcairn, from Edinburgh, was marked Unio longinus, Gray. 23 90 MYCETOPUS. IH. SUBGENUS MYCETOPUS.’ WIDE. | ARES *siliquosus. D’Orb. Han. PLICATE. = plicatus.2 Gray. Reeve. = a : ae S es S) An. siliquosus. Spix. Kiist. More. 5 an 3 An. longinus. Spia. 2 eae . g yc. subsinuatus. w. Reeve. = soleniformis. .D’Orb. Chenu. Han. |= | . me ie F So SI , ‘ is B) | = rid. longina. Fer. q Spatha soleniformis. Ant. Kiist. a Je I oe f iS , 2 2 Lamproscapha siliquosa. Swain. Salle Myce. pygmeus. Hupé. iS |e to SI F 7 pte , is] “ & || Myc. Weddellii. Hupé. a *pyemeus! Spin. r— = = Ba s , top nD A *emarginatus’ Lea. Sow. Reeve. A rugatus. Sow. Reeve. qi A *faleatus.4 Higg. & Reeve, No. 9. ventricosus.° D’Ord. 1 This genus, established by M. D’Orbigny, has the dorsal margin smooth like Anodonta; but that and the basal margin are nearly parallel, and the posterior margin is truncate. The soft parts of the animal figured by D’Orbigny represent it to be very different in the form and size of the foot, which it extends enormously. He mentions that the two anterior cicatrices are widely separated. A more important character appears to be in the fact that the smaller cicatrix is placed before the larger one. In Unio and Anodonta, it is placed below it, and in Hyria, Lam., it is placed above, that is, in a line with the beak. Its habits are different from the Unionide generally, as it buries itself over a foot in the sand, “perforat, sicut pholadz.” In this characteristic it is analogous to Margaritana dehiscens (p. 69), Unio dehiscens, Say, which my brother, T. G. Lea, informed me he found only at a depth of 12 inches below the surface of the sand on the bars of the River Ohio, their position being ascertained by a small hole at the surface kept open by the animal. The foot is capable of great extension. See description of soft parts, Obs. Vol. X. p. 76. ? This has very much the appearance of a deformed shell, as figured by Reeve, No. 3. ’ Mr. Conrad proposes to create a new genus (Solenaia) for this species (Am. Jl. Conch., vol. iv. p. 249), it having, he says, ‘a lateral tooth in each valve,” which it has not, there being then only a “slight long rising,” as originally described by me. I presume Mr. Conrad had never seen the shell. * Mr. Higgins has described and figured this species (Zool. Pro., 1868, p. 179), which he received from Mr. E. Bartlett, who discovered it in streams near Chyaretas, Upper Amazon. It is closely allied in all its characters to emarginatus (nobis), and I have admitted it above as a distinct species. If the habitats be correct, and I have no reason to doubt them, we have in Mr. Wheatley’s collection and imine, together with Mr. Higgins’ authority, the two distant habitats well established. alcatws seems to be a smaller species, more emarginate, corrugate on the posterior slope, and the angles of umbonial and anterior slopes are more acute. 5 Having the two shells An. stliquosa and An. pygmexa, Spix., before me, I cannot doubt of their being distinct; and I believe they both belong to D’Orbigny’s genus Mycetopus. & Voyage dans l’ Amérique Méridionale, tom. v. partie iii. Pl. 72, Fig. 1-3. The figure of ventricosus approaches so much that of sd/iquosus, that I would not be surprised if it should prove to be simply a variety. NAIADES. 91 In Mr. Rafinesque’s Monograph, and in his subsequent Papers, are inserted descriptions under the following names. Not being able to identify them, I have deemed it better simply to give a catalogue of them. Those which I suppose I have identified will be found in the foregoing table. In this list, I have not divided the Unionide into his numerous genera. The want of adequate figures, and an absence of sufficiently accurate description, together with Mr. Rafinesque’s well-known ‘proclivity to make species out of imaginary forms and specimens, induced me, after repeated and vain attempts to recognize his species, to follow the example of Mr. Say, Mr. Barnes, and all the other American malacologists up to the time of commencing my memoirs on this subject, to avoid any further attempt to elucidate a mass of confusion which was considered beyond the pale of science. ‘The views of the late Dr. Binney, in his Terrestrial Molluscs of the United States, Prof. A. Gray, in Amer. Journal of Science, and Major Le Conte, in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, in relation to the claims of this writer, are so conclusive that it is only necessary for any unpre- judiced mind to examine the facts and be perfectly satisfied that Mr. R. has, so far from advancing science by his writings in this branch, been the cause of inextricable confusion, from the embarrassment of which we can only be relieved by altogether avoiding any further attempt to make out his imaginary species. M. Ferussac, who made vain attempts to understand his division and species, says that the shells he sends away augment the difficulties in knowing his own species, and that he had received the same shells under different names, and others with the names evidently different from those given in his monography; that the difficulty, therefore, is inex- tricable in the determination of his species, &e. Alasmodonta atropurpureum? Unio antrosa? Unio cyclips? badium ? argyratus? cyphia? costata? atroviolacea? decorticata? hians? attenuata? depressa? papyraceum ? aurata? diaphanus? ponderosum ? bicolor? dilatata? rugosum ? biloba? diploderma? seriptum ? bullata? ellipsaria? sulcatum ? calendis? elliptica? viridis? cardium ? fasciata ? castaneus? fasciola? Anodonta aperta? chloris? fasciolaris? : atra? cinerescens ? flava? cuneata? Cliffordiana ? flexuosa? digonota? cordata? flexus? inflata? costata? fontinalis? lata? crassa ? fragilis? Ohiensis? cuneata? fulgens? solenoides? cuprea? fulvus? Unio gibbosa? eranulatus? interrupta? leevigata? lamobrachys? lateralis? latissima? leptodon? lineolata? lividus? megaptera? melaplata? montanus? nervosa? nigra? nodulata? obliquata? obovalis? olivaria? ovata? pachostea ? NAIADES. Unio pallens? pallida? paphos? perplexus? plateolus? ponderosus? pusella? quadrula? reflexa? retusa? rimosus? rivularis ? rosea? sintoxia? sinuata? solenoides? stegaria? striata? subrotunda? teneltus ? Unio teres? © torulosa? triangularis? triqueter? truncata? tuberculata? Venus? verrucosa? viridis? vittatus? zonalis? Odatelia radiata? Lasmonos fragilis? Diplasma marginatee? similis? striata? vitrea? GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION See Cae SO rh AE Yo ON CAST ASE Sr To render the preceding Synoptical Arrangement more complete, it was deemed advisable to make such a table as would throw together the species from each great division of the world; and, to make this more useful, it has been thrown into alpha- betic arrangement. GENUS MARGARON. I. SUBGENUS TRIQUETRA. SOUTH AMERICA. Brownianus. Lea. River Amazon. corrugata. Lea. River Amazon. subyiridis. Avleién. River Amazon. ASIA. contorta. Lea. Pei-ho river, China. II. SUBGENUS PRISODON. SOUTH AMERICA. truncatus. Schum. River Amazon. Dupreyi. (Unio.) ecluz. Rio Parana. nodulosus (Mya), Wood. Hab. doubtful. Ill. SUBGENUS UNIO. EUROPE. Batavus. Zam. Various rivers. erassus. tz. Various rivers. depressus. Lam. North Holland. 24 elongatus. Pfeif. Various rivers. litoralis. Zam. Various rivers. Petterianus? iist. Montenegro, Greece. pictorum. Zam. Various rivers. platyrhynchus. Rossm. Carynthia. tumidus. Retz. Various rivers. Valentinus. Fossm. Lake Albufera, Spain. ASIA. abnormis. More. Bankok. asperulus, Zea. Siam. Aucklandicus. Gray. New Zealand. Aveia. Ben. Pulo Penang. Bagdadensis. Bourg. Tigris. Bengalensis. Zea. Rivers of Bengal. Bensonii. Lea. Hast Indies? bilineatus. Zea. Rivers of Bengal. Bonneaudii. Hyd. Bourguignatianus. Lea. River Tigris. Brown. Zea. Mocha. Bruguierianus. Bourg. Smyrna. eeruleus. Lea. Rivers of Bengal. Cambodiensis. Zea. Takrong river, Siam. Chinensis. Zea. Hong Kong, China. complanatus. Midd. Kamtschatka. consobrinus. Zea. China. Ot GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION contradens. Lea. Java? conus. Speng. Tranquebar. corbis. Bens. Burhampooter river, Assam. Corrianus. Lea. Rivers of India. corrugatus. Retz. Rivers of Bengal. crispatus. Gould. Savoy. crispisulcatus. Ben. Bangong. Cumingii. Lea. North of China. Dahusicus. Jfidd. Schillca. Damascensis. Lea. Syria. Delesserti. Bourg. Jaffa. delicatus. Zea. River Orontes, Syria. delphinus. Gruner. Singapore. dignatus. Zea. Tigris river. Bagdad. Hmesaensis. Lea. Orontes. encirrus. Bourg. Near the Dardanelles. episcopalis. Zyrist. River Orontes. evanescens. /ouss. Java. evitatus. Lea. Bengal. eximius. Zea. Siam. exolescens. Gould. Tavoy, Burmah. favidens. Ben. Bengal. Ferussacianus. Lea. Bagdad. foliaceus. Gould. 'Tavoy, Burmah. generosus. Gould. Tavoy, Burmah. gibba. Speng. Tranquebar. gibba. Ben. River Kiang, China. Gontiern. Bourg. Crimea. eravidus. Lea. Siam. Grayanus. ea. China. Guadechaudii. Hyd. Bengal. Hainesianus. Lea. Siam. Housei. Lea. Siam. Hueti. Bourg. Upper Euphrates. humilis. Zea. Siam. imperialis. ore. River Meitnam, Siam. Indicus. Sow. India. Ingallsianus. Zea. Siam. inornatus. Lea. Siam. involutus. Hanley. Assam. involutus. Bens. Burhampooter river. Japanensis. Lea. Japan. Jenkinsianus. Ben. Burhampooter river. Jordanicus. Bourg. River Jordan. Keraudreni. Hyd. Bengal. Kullethensis. Zea. Mardin. lxvirostris. Ben. Chunar. lamellatus. Zea. Bengal. Lampreyanus. 8. dé Ad. Shanghai. Laoensis. Zea. Siam. Layardii. Lea. Ceylon. Leaii. Gray. China. Leioma. Ben. Near Bombay. heulus. Mouss. Java. lunifer. Bourg. River Jordan. luteus. Zea. Burmah. lutulentus. Gould. New Zealand. macilentus. Ben. Rohilkund. Mardinensis. Zea. Tigris river. marginalis. Lam. Bengal. Mauritianus. Zea. Is. of Mauritius. Menzieni. Gray. New Zealand. micropterus. J/ore. Cambodia. Mongolicus. Midd. Gorbitza. Mosulensis. Zea. Tigris river. Murchisonianus. Zea. China. mutabilis. Zea. Australia and New Zealand. Myersianus. Zea. Siam. Nagpoorensis. Lea. Ambajiri Tank, Bengal. nucleus. Zea. Siam. Nuttallianus. Zea. India. nuxpersice. Dunk. Benson. Assam. oceatus. Lea. Bengal. olivarius. Lea. Bengal. orientalis. Lea. Java. Orontesensis. ea, Syria. Orphaensis. Zea. River Tigris. Osbeckii. Phili. River Yang-tse-Kiang, China. pachysoma. Ben. Burhampooter. Paramattensis. Zea. N.S. Wales. Pazii. Lea. China. Peguensis. Anth. Pegu. phaselus. Zea. Siam. pilatus. Zea. Siam. Pinax. Ben. Rohilkhund. plagiostoma. Ben. Bundelkhund. . plicatulus. Lea. Borneo. ponderosus. Lea. China. profugus. Gould. N.S. Wales. Prusii. Bourg. Is. of Rhodes. Pugio. Ben. Ava. Rajahensis. Zea. Bengal. rasus. ea. Assyria. OF THE GENUS UNIO. 95 Rothi. Bourg. Lake Tiberias. rusticus. Zea. Siam. sagittarius. Zea. Siam. scobinatus. Zea. Siam. semiplicatus. TZrose. Ganges. semiquadrata. Sow. Camboja. semirugatus. Lam. Bagdad. Shurtleffianus. Zea. Sena river, India. Shuttleworthii. Zea. Australia. Siamensis. Zea. Siam. Sikkimensis. Zea. Sikkim, India. simonis. Zrist. River Jordan: smaragdites. Ben. Burhampooter. substriatus. Zea. Siam. subtortus. Baird & Adams. Shanghai. subtrigonus. Sow. Siam. Sumatrensis. Lea. Sumatra. superbus. Zea. Dana-Luar river, Sumatra. Swinhou. H. Adams. Formosa. Syriacus. Zea. Orontes, Syria. terminalis. Bourg. Lake Tiberias. testudinarius. Speng. Tranquebar. Theca. Ben. Bundelkhund. Thwaitesu. Lea. Ceylon. Tigris. er. River Tigris, tortuosus. Zea. China. triembolus. Ben. Ramgunga. tripartitus. ea. India. truncatus. Speng. 'Tranquebar. tumidulus. Lea. Siam. Vescoi. Bourg. Anatolia. vittatus. Zea. Australia. Wrightii. Zea. China. Wynegungaensis. Lea. Wynegunga river, near Nagpoor, India. Zelebori. Fraun. Neuseeland. AFRICA. Abyssinicus. Mart. Abyssinia. acuminatus. H. Adams. Lake Albert Nyanza. Aferulus. Lea. Lake Nyassa. Africanus. Lea. Cape of Good Hope. Bakeri. H. Adams. Lake Albert Nyanza. Burtoni. Woodward. Lake Tanganyika. Caffer. Krauss. Cape of Good Hope. Cailliaudii. Fer. Nile. Cyamus. Phil. K. Africa. Dembez. Reeve. Abyssinia. diminutus. Zea. HK. Africa. divaricatus. Lea. Heypt. Durieui. Desh. Algeria. Egyptiacus. Cailliaud. Nile. Fellmani. Desh. Algeria. Gabonensis. Aiist. Gabon river. Kirkii. Lea. Lake Nyassa. Moreleti. Desh. Algeria. Natalensis. Zea. Umpingave river. Niloticus. Fer. Nile. Nyassaensis. Lea. Lake Nyassa. Ravoisierl. Desh. Algeria. Sitifensis. More. Algiers. Verreauxianus. Lea. Cape of Good Hope. NORTH AMERICA. abacus. Hald. Tennessee. Abbeyillensis. Zea. South Carolina. aberrans. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. Aberti. Con. Verdigris river, Ark. acutissimus. Lea. Alabama river. equatus. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. zruginosus. More. Central America. AMsopus. Green. Ohio river. aheneus. Lea. Black creek, Florida. affinis. Zea. Alexandria, Louisiana. alatus. Say. Ohio river. altilis. Con. Alabama river. amabilis. Lea. Georgia. amoenus. ea. Holston river, Tenn. amygdalum. Lea. Lake George, Florida. anaticulus. Lea. Columbus, Missi. angustatus. Lea. Cooper river, S. C. Anodontoides. Lea. Mississippi, Ohio, &e. Anthonyi. Lea. Florida. apicinus. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. apiculatus. Say. Bayou Teche, La. approximus. Lea. Red river, La. aquilus. Zea. Macon, Ga. aratus. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. arceeformis. Zea. Cumberland river, Tenn. arctatus. Con. Black Warrior river, Ala. arctior. Lea. Ohio river. arcus. Con. Alabama river. 96 GEOGRAPHICAL Holston river, Tenn. Arkansasensis. Zea. Hot Springs, Ark. arquatus. Con. Wabash river, Indiana. asper. Zea. Alabama river. asperatus. Lea. Alabama river. asperrimus. ea. Ohio river. atrocostatus. ea. Alexandria, La. atromarginatus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. aureus. Lea. ‘Texas. Averyi. Zea, Chumnagua river, Isthmus of Darien. Aztecorum. Bairdianus. Baldwinensis. argenteus. Lea. Phili. Mexico. Lea. Devil’s river, Texas. Lea. Baldwin county, Ga. Barnesianus. Zea. Cumberland river, Tenn. Barrattii. Zea. Abbeville, 8. C. Beadleianus. Zea. Pearl river, Missi. Bealei. Lea. leon county, Texas. Beaverensis. Zea. Beaver creek, N. C. Berlandierii. Zea. Mexico and Texas. biangulatus. Lea. Caney Fork, Tenn. biemarginatus. Zea. Florence, Ala. Bigbyensis. Lea. Maury county, Tenn. Binneyi. Lea, Alabama. Bisselianus. Lea. Charlotte, N. C. Blandianus. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. Blandingianus. Lea. St. John’s river, Fla. Bournianus. Lea. Scioto, Ohio. Boydianus. Lea. Oak Orchard creek, N.Y. Boykinianus. Lea. Chattahoochee, Ga. bracteatus. Gould. Llanos river, Texas. brevidens. Lea. Cumberland, Tenn. Brumbyanus. Lea. Warrior river, Ala. Buckleyi. Lea. Lake George, Fla. Buddianus. Lea. Lake George, Fla. bulbosus. Zea, Flint river, Ga. Brazosensis. Lea. Brazos river, Texas. Burkensis. Lea. Burke county, Ga. buxeus. Lea. Abbeville, 8. C. cacao. Lea. West Florida. celatus. Con. Elk river, Tenn. Caldwellu. Zea. Isthmus of Darien. caliginosus. Lea. Red river, La. calimatarum. More. Central America. eallosus. Zea. Ohio canal, near Columbus. camelopardilis. Zea. N. Alabama. camelus. Lea. Ohio river. DISTRIBUTION camptodon. Say. New Orleans, La. Canadensis. Zea. St. Lawrence at Montreal. capax. Green. Ohio and Mississippi rivers. caperatus. ea. Clinch river, Tenn. capseeformis. Lea. Cumberland, Tenn. carbonarius. Lea. Medellin river, Mexico. cariosus. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. castaneus. Lea. Alabama river. eastus. Zea. So. Carolina. Catawbensis. Lea. Gaston county, N. C. Charlottensis. Zea. Mecklenburg, N. C. Chathamensis. Zea. Chatham county, N.C. Chattanoogaensis. Lea. Etowah, &c., Ga. Chickasawhensis. Zeca. Chickasawha river, Missi. 2 Chunii. Lea. Dallas, Texas. cicur. Lea. Little Ocmulgee, Ga. Cincinnatiensis. Zea. Ohio river. cinnamomicus. Lea. Tombigbee river, Missi. circulus. Lea. Ohio river. cistelleeformis. ea. Neuse river, N. C. Claibornensis. Zea. Alabama river. Clarkianus. Lea. Williamsport, Tenn. clavus. Lam. Ohio river. Clinchensis. Zea. KE. Tennessee. cocecineus. Lea. Ohio river. cognatus. Lea. Mexico. collinus. Con. North river, Va. Coloradoensis. Lea. Rio Colorado, Texas. compactus. ea. Etowah river, Ga. complanatus. Soland. Schuylkill river, Pa. compressissimus. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. concavus. Lea. Abbeville, S. C. concestator. Lea. Columbus, Ga. concolor. Lea. Big Prairie creek, Ala. confertus. Zea. Santee canal, 8. C. Congareus. ea. Congaree river, 8. C. Conradianus. Zea. Tennessee and Alabama. consanguineus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. constrictus. Con. North river, Va. contiguus. Zea. Union county, N. C. contractus. Lea. Roanoke river, N. C. Cooperianus. Lea. Ohio river. Copei. Lea. Holston river, Va. cor. Con. Elk and Flint rivers, Tenn. cornutus. Bar. Ohio river. corvinus. Zea. Flint river, Ga. coruscus. corvunculus. Lea. Couchianus. corvus. crapulus. crassidens. erebrivittatus. creperus. crocatus. crocodilorum. ore. Cromwell Cumberlandicus. OF THE GENUS UNIO. 97 Gould. Florida. Lea. Whitfield county, Ga. Burke county, Ga. Lea. Mexico. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. Lam. Ohio river. Lea. Coosawattee creek, Ga. Tennessee. Savannah river, Ga. Central America. Georgia. Lea. Cumberland river, Lea. Lea. u. Lea. Tenn. cuneolus. cuprinus. curatus. curtus. Cuvierian eylindrellus. Lea. Lea. Lea. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. Mexico. Sugar creek, N. C. Tombigbee river, Missi. us. Lea. Washington county, Ga. Lea. Whitfield county, Ga., and North Alabama. eylindricus. Say. Ohio river. eyrenoides. Phili. Lake Nicaragua. dactylus. Zea. Caney Fork, Tenn. Dariensis. Zea. Darien, Ga. datus. Zea. Beaver creek, N.C. decisus. Zea. Alabama river. declivis. Say. Bayou Teche, La. decoratus. Zea. Abbeville Dist., 8. C. decumbens. Zea. Alabama. delphinulus. ore. Central America. denigratus. Zea. Columbus, Ga. depygis. Con. Harpeth river, Tenn. difficilis. Zea. Whitfield county, Ga. digitatus. More. Central America. discus. Zea. Tampico, Mexico. discrepans. Lea. North Alabama. dispar. ea. Columbus, Ga. dolabreformis. Zea. Altamaha, Ga. dollabelloides. Zea. Holston river, Tenn. dolosus. Lea. Alabama river. donaciformis. Zea. ‘Tennessee. Dorfeuillianus. Zea. Ohio river. dorsatus. Lea. Catawba river, N. C. Downiei. Zea. Satilla run, Ga. dromas. Lea. ‘Tennessee. Duttonianus. Lea. Ogechee canal, Ga. Dysonii. Lea. Honduras. 20 ebenus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Edgarianus. Zea. Holston river, Tenn. Hightsii. Zea. Mexico. elegans. Lea. Ohio river. Elliottii. Zea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. ellipsis. Zea. Ohio river. Emmonsii. Zea. Roanoke, N. C. Lea. Macon, Ga. Estabrookianus. Zea. Clinch river, Tenn. exactus. ea. Neuse river, N. C. excavatus. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. exieuus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. Lea. Columbus, Ga. fabaceus. Zea. Oostenaula river, Ga. fabalis. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. fallax. Zea. Columbus, Ga. famelicus. Gould. Wallawalla river, Oregon. fassinans. Zea. Holston river, H. Tenn. fatuus. Lea. Holston river, H.'Tenn. favosus. Lea. Othealooga creek, Ga. fibuloides. Zea. Connasauga river, Ga. Fisherianus. Zea. Chester river, Md. flavescens. Zea. Black Warrior, Ala. flavidulus. Zea. Columbus, Missi. Florentinus. Zea. Tennessee river, Ala. Floridensis. Zea. Chacktahachie river, W. Fla. foliatus. Hild. Ohio river. folliculatus. Zea. Savannah river, Ga. Forbeseanus. Zea. Savannah river, Ga. Formanianus. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. Forsheyi. Lea. Fayette county, Texas. fragosus. Con. Ohio river. fraternus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. fucatus. Lea. North Alabama. fulgidus. Zea. Alexandria, La. fuliginosus. Lea. Cobb's creek, near Phila. fulvus. Zea. South Carolina. fumatus. Zea. Columbus, Ga. fuscatus. Zea. Black creek, Fla. Gastonensis. Zea. Gaston county, N. C. Geddingsianus. Zea. Congaree river, 8. C. geminus. Zea. Buckhead creek, Ga. Georgianus. Zea. Stump creek, Ga. Gerhardtii. Zea. Chattanooga, Ga. germanus. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. genuinus. Lea, Bissel’s pond, N. C. vibber. Lea. Carryfork river, Tenn. errans. extensus. 98 Gibbesianus. Zea. Abbeville Dist., 8. C. gibbosus. Bar. Ohio river. glaber. Lea. Holston river, Tenn. glandaceus. Lea. Cahawha river, Ala. glans. Lea, Ohio river, Cincinnati. Gouldii. Zea. Tuscaloosa, Ala. gracilentus. Zea. Catawba, N. C. eracilior. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. eracilis, Bar. Ohio river. Granadensis. Zea. Lake Nicaragua. grandidens. Lea. Hot Springs, Ark. eraniferus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. eranulatus. Zea. Big Prairie creek, Ala. Greenii. Con. Black Warrior river, Ala. Griffithianus. Zea. South Carolina. eubernaculum. Reeve. N. America. Haleianus. ea. Missi. river, N. Orleans. Hallenbeckii. Zea. Columbus, Ga. Hanleyanus. Lea. Coosawattee river, Ga. Hartmanii. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. Haysianus. ea. Cumberland river, Tenn. Hazlehurstianus. Zea. Satilla river, Ga. hebes. Zea. Oconee river, Ga. hebetatus. Con. Missouri. Heermanii. Zea. Medina river, Texas. hepaticus. ea. Salkahatchee river, 8. C. heterodon. Lea. Schuylkill river, Pa. Higginsii. Lea. Muscatine, Lowa. © hippopeeus. Lea. Lake Erie. Holstonensis. Zea. Holston river, Tenn. Hopetonensis. ea. Darien, Ga. Houstonensis. Lea. Houston, Texas. humerosus. Lea. Catawba, N. C. hyalinus. Zea. Richmond, Va. Hydianus. Lea. Teche river, La. incrassatus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. indefinitus. Lea. Mecklenburg co., N.C. ineptus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. inflatus. Zea. Alabama river, Claiborne. infucatus. Con. Flint river, Ga. instructus. ea. Cahawhba river, Ala. insulsus. Zea. Roanoke river, N. C. intercedens. Lea. Columbus, Ga. intermedius. Con. Nolachucky river, Tenn. interruptus. ea. Harpeth river, Tenn. interventus. ea. Cahawha river, Ala. inusitatus. Lea. Macon, Ga. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION iris. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. irrasus. Zea. HKtowah river, Ga. irroratus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Jamesianus. Lea. Jackson, Miss. Jayensis. Lea. Florida. jejunus. Lea. Roanoke, N. C. Jewettii. Lea. Florida. Johannis. Lea. HKtowah, Ga. Jonesii. Lea. Georgia. Keinerianus. Zea. Coosawattee river, Ga. Kirtlandianus. Zea. Mahoning river, O. Kleinianus. Zea. Suwanee river, Fla. lacrymosus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. levissimus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. lanceolatus. Zea. Tar river, N.C. latecostatus. ea. Tuscaloosa river, Ala. latus. Zea. Savannah, Ga. Lazarus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., 8. C. Lecontianus. Zea. Cannouchee river, Ga. Leibii. Zea. Michigan. lenior. Zea. Stone’s river, Tenn. lens. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. lepidus. Gould. Florida. Lesleyi. Zea. Kentucky. Lesueurianus. Lea. Caney Fork and Holston rivers, Tenn. Lewisii. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. Liebmanni. Phili. Mexico. lienosus. Con. North Alabama. ligamentinus. Zam. Ohio river. limatulus. Con. Savannah river, Ga.. Lincecumil. Lea. Dallas county, Texas. Lindsleyi. Zea. Tennessee. lineatus. Zea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. lingueeformis. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Livingstonensis. Zea. Brunswick co., N.C. lucidus. Lea. Brunswick county, N.C. lugubris Lea. Darien, Ga. luridus. Lea. Coosawattee river, Ga. luteolus. Zam. Ohio river. Lyon. Lea. East Tenn. Maconensis. Zea. Flint river, Ga. macrodon. Lea. Rutersville, Texas. maculatus. Con. Hlk and Flint rivers, Ga. mestus. ea. French Broad, H. Tenn. manubius. Gould. Chihuahua, Mex. marginis. Lea. Georgia. OF THE GENUS UNIO. 99 Masoni. Con. Augusta, Ga. Mecklenbergensis. Zea. Charlotte, N. C. mediocris. Lea. Neuse river, N.C. medius. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. Menkianus. Zea. Harpeth river. Mercerii. Lea. Lee county, Ga. Meridithii. Zea. Tennessee river, Tuscum- bia, Ala. merus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. metanever. af. Ohio river. Mexicanus. Phili. Mexico. micans. Lea. Catawba river, N. C. minor. Lea. Lakes George and Monroe, Fla. Mississippiensis. Con. Lower Missi. river. modicellus. Zea. Connasauga river, Ga. modicus. Zea. Columbus, Ga. modioliformis. Zea. Santee canal, S. C. monodontus. Say. Ohio river. Monroensis. Zea. Lake Monroe, Fla. Mooresianus. Lea. Tuscumbia, Ala. Moussonianus. Lea. Georgia. Mihlfeldianus. Zea. Cumberland river, Tenn. multiplicatus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. multiradiatus. Zea. Cumberland river, Tenn. mundus. Lea. Tuscumbia, Ala. Murrayensis. Zea. Murray county, Ga. mytiloides. Faf. Ohio river. Nashvillensis. Zea. Tennessee. nasutulus. Lea. Brunswick county, N. C. nasutus. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. naviculoides. Zea. Buckhead creek, Ga. negatus. Lea. Big Prairie creek, Ala. neglectus, Lea. North Alabama. Neislerii. Zea. Flint river, Ga. Neusensis. Zea. Neuse river, N.C. Newcombianus. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Nicklinianus. Zea. Tampico, Mex. nigellus. Zea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. nigerrimus. ea. Alexandria, La. nigrinus. Lea. West Florida. nitens. Lea. Long creek, Cocke co., Tenn. Northamptonensis. Zea. Connecticut river. notatus. Lea. Cumberland river. Novi-Hboraci. Zea. Oak Orchard creek, N.Y. nubilus. Zea. Paw creek, N. C. ~ nucleopsis. Con. Htowah river, Ga. Medellinus. Zea. Medellin river, Vera Cruz. nux. Lea. Alabama river. obesus. Zea. York river, Va., and 8. C. obfuscus. Lea. Flint river, Ga. oblatus. Lea. Gaston county, N. C. obliquus. Zam. Ohio river. obnubilus. Zea. Buckhead creek, Ga. obscurus. Lea. Nashville, Tenn. obtusus. Zea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. oceidens. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. occidentalis. Con. Currant river, Ark. occultus. Zea. lake Monroe, Fla. ochraceus. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. Ocmulgéensis. Lea. Little Ocmulgeeriver, Ga. opacus. Lea. Buckhead creek, Ga. orbiculatus. Hild. Ohio river. Oregonensis. Lea. Oregon, ornatus. Lea. Alabama? Othealoogensis. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. ovatus. Say. Ohio river. oviformis. Con. ‘Tennessee. pallescens. Lea. Tuscaloosa, Ala. palliatus. Zea. South Carolina. pallidofulvus. Zea. Cahawba river, Ala. paludicolus. Gould. Florida. papyraceus. Gould. Florida. parvulus. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. parvus. Bar. Ohio river. patulus. Zea. Western Ohio. paulus. Lea, Chattahoochee river, Ga. pauperculus.. Zea. Columbus, Missi. Pawensis. Zea. Paw creek, N. C. pectorosus. Con. Elk river, Tenn. pellucidus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. penicillatus. Lea, Chattahoochee, Ga. ° penitus. Con. Alabama river. perdix. Zea. Harpeth river, Tenn. perovatus. Con. Greene county, Ala. perovalis. Con. Alabama river. perplexus. Lea. Ohio river. percoarctatus. Zea. Catawba river, N. C. perlatus. Zea. Cape Fear river, N. C. perlucens. Lea. Sampson county, N. C. permiscens. Lea. Tombigbee river, Miss. pernodosus. Lea. North Carolina. perpastus. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. perpictus, Zea. Bull river, Tenn. perplicatus. Con. Jackson, ha. 100 perpurpureus. Lea. Tennessee. perradiatus. Zea. Tennessee river, Florence, Ala. personatus. Say. Wabash river, Ind. perstriatus. Zea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. pertenuis. Zea. Neuse-river, N. C. petrinus. Gould. Llanos river, Mex. phaseolus. Hild. Ohio river. Phillipsii. Con. Ohio river. pictus. Zea. Harpeth river, Tenn. pilaris. Lea. French Broad, and Holston rivers, Tenn. pileus. Zea, Ohio river, Cincinnati. pinguis. Lea. St. Peter's river, Upper Mis- sissippl. placitus. Zea. Alabama. plancus. Lea. Coosa river, Ala. planicostatus. Zea. Tuscumbia, Ala. planilaterus. Con. Yadkin river, N. C. Plantii. Zea. Flint river, Ga. plenus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. pliciferus. Zea. Mexico. plicatus. Leswewr. Ohio river. Poeyanus. Lea. Rio de las Balsas, Mexico. Popeii. Lea. Devil’s river, Texas. porphyreus. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. Postellii. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Powellii. Zea. Sabine river, Ark. Prattii. Lea. Cobb county, Ga. pressus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Prevostianus. Zea. Etowah river, Ga. productus. Con. Savannah river, Augusta, Ga. propinquus. Lea. Tennessee river, Florence, Ala. proprius. Lea. Georgia. protensus. Lea. North Carolina. proximus. Jiea. Georgia. pudicus. Lea. North Alabama. pulcher. Zea. Nashville, Tenn. pullatus. Zea. Columbus, Ga. pullus. Con. Wateree river, S. C. pulvinulus. Zea. Murray county, Tenn. pumilus. Zea. Black river, N. C. punctatus. Lea. Tennessee. puniceus. Hald. Holston river, Tenn. purpuratus. Zam. Lower Mississippi. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION purpurellus. Zea. Flint river, Ga. purus. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. pusillus. Zea. Ogeechee river, Ga. pustulatus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. pustulosus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Pybasii. Zea. Tennessee river, Tuscumbia Ala. pygmeus. Lea. Abbeville, S. C. pyramidatus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. pyriformis. Lea. Columbus, Ga. quadrans. Lea. Texas. quadratus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. quadrilaterus. Zea. S. and N. Carolina. radians. Lea. Othcalooga river, Ga. radiatus. Lam. Lake Saratoga, Hudson river, Delaware river. Raeénsis. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Raleighensis. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. Rangianus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Ravenelianus. Lea. North Carolina. rectus. Lam. Ohio river. Reeveianus. Lea. Alexandria, La. refulgens. Zea. Lauderdale county, Missi. reeularis. Lea. French Broad river, E. Tenn. retusus. Lam. Ohio river. Rhumphianus. Lea. West Georgia. Riddellii. Zea. Dallas, Texas. Roanokensis. Zea. ‘Tar river, N. C. rostriformis. Lea. Macon county, Ga. rostrum. Zea. Davidson county, N. C. Roswellensis. Zea. Cobb county, Ga. rotundatus. Zam. Ohio river. Rowellii. Zea. Chagres river, Cent. Am. rubellinus. Zea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. rubellus. Con. Black Warrior, Ala. rubidus. Zea. Tombigbee river, Missi. rubiginosus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. rufus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. rufusculus. Lea. Abbeville Dist., S. C. rugososuleatus. Lea. Central America. Rutersvillensis. Lea. Fayette co., Texas. rutilans. Lea: Othcalooga creek, Ga. sagitteeformis. Lea. Oconee river, Ga. Saladoensis. Zea. Mexico. salebrosus. Lea. Columbus, Ga. Sapotalensis. Zea. Sapotal river, Mex. ' OF THE GENUS UNIO. Satillaensis. Zea. Camden county, Ga. satur. Zea, Alexandria, La. Savannahensis. Zea. Savannah river, Ga. saxeus. Con. Alabama river, Claiborne, Ala. Scamnatus. Morelet. Cuba and Honduras. Schooleraftii. Lea. Fox river of Green Bay, Wisconsin. seitulus. Zea. Tuscumbia, Ala. securis. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. semigranosus. V.d. Busch. Tampico, Mex. Shepardianus. Zea. Savannah river, Ga. Showalterii. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. similis. Zea. Buckhead creek, Ga. simplex. Zea. Black Warrior, Ala. : Simpsonii. Lea. Wabash river, Ind. simus. Zea. Cumberland river, Tenn. Sloatianus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. solidus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. : sordidus. Zea. Abbeville District, 8. C. Sowerbianus. Lea. ‘Tennessee. spadiceus. ea. Deep river, N. C. sparsus. ea. Holston river, Tenn. sparus. Lea. Whitfield county, Ga. spatulatus. Zea. Rock river, Wisconsin. speciosus. Zea. Colorado river, Texas. spheericus. Zea. Pearl river, Missi. Spillmanii. Zea. Luxpalila creek, Missi. spmosus. Zea. Altamaha river, Wis. spissus. ea. Satilla river, Ga. splendidus. ea. Altamaha river, Ga. squalidus. Lea. Neuse river, N. C. squameus. Lea. North Carolina. stabilis. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. stagnalis. Con. Ogechee river, Ga. stapes. Lea. ‘Alabama river, Ala. Stewardson. Lea. Chattanooga river, Tenn. Stonensis. Lea. Stone’s river, Tenn. stramineus. Con. Greene county, Ala. Strebelii. Zea. Vera Cruz, Mexico. striatulus. Zea. Roanoke river, N. C. striatus. Lea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. strigosus. Zea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. subangulatus. Zea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. subcroceus. Con. Canadian river, Ark. subellipsis. Lea, Columbus, Ga. subflavus. Zea. Macon county, Ga. subgibbosus. Lea. Etowah river, Ga. 26 101 subinflatus. Con. Savannah river. sublatus. Zea. Columbus, Ga. subniger. Zea. Flint river, Ga. subovatus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. subplanus. Con. North river, Va. subrotundus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. subtentus. Say. Holston river, Tenn. succissus. Lea. West Florida. sudus. Zea. Columbus, Ga. sulcatus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. symmetricus. Lea. Red river, La. Tabascoensis. Phili. Mexico. teeniatus. Con. Flint river, Ga. Taitianus. Zea. Alabama river, Claiborne. Tampicoensis. Zea. Medellin river, Mex. Tappanianus. Zea. Juniata river, Pa. Tecomatensis. Zea. Tecomata river, Mex. tener. Lea. Pigeon river, Tenn. tenerus. Rav. South Carolina. Tennesseensis. Zea. Stone’s river, Tenn. tenuissimys. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. tesserule. Lea. Nolachucky river, Tenn. tetralasmus. Say. Bayou St. John, La. tetricus. Zea. Flint river, Ga. Texasensis. Lea. Dewitt county, Texas. Thorntonii. Zea. Tuscumbia, Ala. Topekaensis. Lea. Kansas. tortivus. Zea. Chattahoochee river, Ga. trapezoides. Lea. Lake St. Josephs, La. triangularis. Bar. Ohio river. trigonus. Zea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. trinacrus. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. Troostensis. Zea. Tennessee. Troschelianus. Zea. Coosawattee river, Ga. trossulus. Zea. Lake Monroe, Fla. tuberculatus. Bar. Ohio river. tuberosus. Zea. Caney Fork river, Tenn. tumescens. Lea. Alexandria, La. Tuomeyi. Lea. Abbeville Dist., 5. C. turgidulus. Zea. Cumberland river, Tenn. turgidus. Zea. New Orleans, La. Uharéensis. Zea. Georgia and Arkansas, umbrans. Lea. Othcalooga creek, Ga. umbrosus. ea. Medellin river, Mex. undulatus. Bar. Ohio river. unicolor. Zea. Tuscaloosa, Ala. utriculus. Zea. North Carolina. 102 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION vallatus. Zea. Alabama. Vanuxemii. Zea. Cumberland river, Tenn. yaricosus. Lea. Ohio river, Cincinnati. Vaughanianus. Zea. Camden, 5. C. velatus. Con. St. Fois river. vellicatus. Reeve. Guatemala. ventricosus. Bar. Ohio river. venustus. Lea. Potosi, Misso. Veracruzensis. ea. Mexico. verrucosus. Bar. Ohio river. verus. Lea. Cahawha river, Ala. verutus. Zea. Columbus, Ga. vestitus. Zea. Ogeechee river, Ga. vibex. Con. Black Warrior river, Ala. vicinus. Zea. Macon, Ga. virens. Sea. Georgia. virescens. Zea. Tuscumbia, Ala. viridans. Zea. Columbus, Ga. viridicatus. Zea. Buckhead creek, Ga. viridiradiatus. Zea. Big Uchee river, Ala. viridulus. Zea. Neuse river, N. C. Wardii. Zea. Walhonding river, Ohio. Wateréensis. Zea. Wateree canal, 8. C. Waccamawensis. Lea. Waccamaw lake, N.C. Weldonensis. Zea. Roanoke river, N. C. Whiteianus. Zea. Savannah, Ga. Woodwardianus. Zea. Etowah river, Ga. Zeiglerianus. Lea. Cumberland river, Tenn. zigzag. Lea. Ohio river. SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA. acutirostris. Lea. ? ZEthiops. Lea. Uruguay river. ampullaceus. Lea. ? apprimus. Lea. atratus. Sow. Chili. auratus. Swain. Chili. Besckianus. Phili. Brazil. bulloides. Zea. Rio la Plata. Burroughianus. Zea. Rio Parana. Casablanese. Phili. Valparaiso. charruanus. D’Orb. Uruguay. Childreni. Gray. Chili. Colchaguensis. PAili. Chili. delodontus. Lam. Rio Plata. Demeraraensis. Zea. British Guiana. ? diplodon. Phil. Chili. disculus. Zea. Uruguay river. Dunkerianus. Zea. River Macacou, Brazil. effulgens. Zea. Brazil. ellipticus. Zea. Brazil. encarpus. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. fluctiger. Zea. Yuruari river, Br. Guiana. faba. D’Orb. Uruguay. Fonecki. Phili. Chili. Fontainiana. D’Orbd. Brazil. funebralis. Lea. Uruguay river. Gabbianus. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Gassiessil. Grat. Valparaiso. gigas. Swain. & eranosus. Brug. Guiana. eranuliferus. Dunk. Rio Janeiro. eratus. Lea. Uruguay river. Hjalmarsoni. Dunk. Honduras. hyleus. D’Orb. Bolivia. ianthinus. Phil. ~ Chili. imbricatus. MJérch. Nicaragua. Jacobeus. Phili, Chili. jaspideus. Hupé. Brazil. Kraussii. Zea. Maroini river, Surinam. Landbecki. Phil. Chili. lepidior. Lea. Uruguay river. locellus. Zea. Buenos Ayres. longus. Phili. Chili. membranaceus. Mat. Rio Plata. modestus. Fer. Brazil. montanus. Pili. Chili. multistriatus. Zea. Rio Parahiba, Brazil. Nicaraguensis. Zea. Lake Nicaragua. nocturnus. Zea. Uruguay river. Orbignyi. Deville. Upper Amazon. Ortonii. Lea. Ecuador. Paraguayensis. ea. Paraguay. Paranensis. Lea, Uruguay river. parallelopipedon. Zea. Corrientes, Argentine Republic. parcus. Lea. ——? Patagonicus. D’Orb. Rio Negro. patelloides. Zea. Uruguay river. peculiaris. Lea. ib pereeformis. Zea. Uruguay river. piceus. Zea. Uruguay river. piger. Zea. Uruguay river. OF UNIO AND MARGARITANA. 103 prunoides. Lea. ——? psammoicus. D’Orb. Rio Parana. ravistellus. Morel. Lake Yzabal, Guatemala. thombeus. Wag. Rio Solimoens. Brazil. rhuacoicus. D’Orb. Uruguay. rotundus. Wag. Rio San Francisco. rudus. Lea. Rio de la Plata. rufofuscus. Lea. ——? solidulus. Phili. Chili. suavidicus. Zea. River Amazon. trifidus. Zea. Buenos Ayres. Uruguayensis. Zea. Uruguay river. variabilis. Zea. Brazil. Vere-Pacis. Trist. Guatemala. Voldivianus. Phili. Chili. Wheatleyanus. Zea. River Amazon. Wymani. Lea. Uruguay river. NEW HOLLAND, &c. Auklandicus. Fide Woodward. Australis. Lam. ? Balonnensis. Con. Balonne river. cucumoides. Zea. Hunter’s river. cultelliformis. Con. Bogan river. depressus. Lam. ig Eyansi. Ad. dé An. Murray river, So. Aus- tralia. Mortonicus. Reeve. Australia. multidentatus. Philv. ? Napeanensis. Con. Napean river. Novee Hollandiz. Gray. Macquarrie river. profugus. Gould. Hunter's river. Stuarti. Ad. d&@ An. Port Jackson. Wilsonii. Zea. Eastern branch of Isaac’s Plain, New South Wales. 2 Con. Bogan river. HABITAT UNKNOWN. aneustus. Lam. emarginatus. Lea. Liebmanni. Phili. melleus. Lea. navigilioformis. Lea. Prusii. Bourg. Smithi. Gray. truncatus. Swain. IV. SUBGENUS MARGARITANA. EUROPE. margaritifera. Lea. Northern rivers. NORTH AMERICA. Alabamensis. Zea. Talladega creek, Ala. arcula. Zea. Altamaha river, Ga. calceola. Lea. Ohio river. complanata. Lea. Ohio river. confragosa. Say. Ohio river. Connesaugaensis. ea. Gilmer county, Ga. Curreyana. ea. Stone’s river, Tenn. dehiscens. Lea. Ohio river. deltoidea. Zea. Ohio river. Elliott. Zea. Columbus, Ga. elliptica. Zea. 'Tombighee river, Ga. Etowaensis. Con. Etowah river, Ga. fabula. Zea. Cumberland river, Tenn. Georgiana. Lea. Htowah, Ga. Gesnerii. Lea. Uphaupee creek, Ala. Hildrethiana. Zea. Ohio river. Holstonia. Zea. Holston river, Tenn. margaritifera. Zin. Pennsylvania, Mass., &c. marginata. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. minor. Lea. Tennessee. quadrata. Lea. Hast Tennessee. radiata. Zea. South Alabama. Raveneliana. Zea. French, Broad river, N. C. rugosa. Bar. Ohio river. Spillmanii.. Zea. 'Tombigbee river, Missi. Tombigbéensis. Lea. Tombigbee river, Missi. triangulata. Zea. Georgia and So. Carolina. undulata. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. AFRICA. Tripolitana. er. Pfeifferiana. Bern. Gabon. Vignouana. Bern. Gabon. SOUTH AMERICA. incurva. Fer. 104. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION V. SUBGENUS PLAGIODON. SOUTH AMERICA. isocardioides. Lea. VI. SUBGENUS MONOCONDYLGA. EUROPE. Bonellii. Fer. River Po. ASIA. Cambodjensis. Petit. Cambodia. compressa. Lea, Siam. erebristriata. Anth. Pegu. Cumingii. Lea. Malacca. exilis. More. Cambodia. inoscularis. Gould. 'Tavoy, India. Mardinensis. Zea. River Tigris. Mouhotiana. Lea, Siam. Peguensis. Anth. Pegu. planulata. Lea. Java. rhomboidea. Zea. Huphrates river. Salweniana. Gould. Salwen river, Tavoy, In- dia. Sauleyi. Bourg. Jaffa, Syria. Vondembuschiana. Lea. Java. Wheatleyi. Lea. River Tigris. SOUTH AMERICA. Corrientesensis. .D’Orb. Rio Corrientes. costulata. Mort. Brazil. fossiculifera. D’Orb. Rio Parana, Argentine Republic. Franciscana. Mort. Brazil. Guarayana. D’Orb. Rio San Miguel, Bolivia. lentiformis. Lea. ? Minuana. D’Orb. Uruguay. Paraguayana. D’Orb. Rio Parana. Parchappil. D’Orb. Rio Parana. Pazu. Lea. ? reticulata. Mort. Amazon. Tamsiana. Dunk. Porto Cabello. VII. SUBGENUS DIPSAS. ASIA. discoideus. ea. China. plicatus. Leach. China. VII. SUBGENUS ANODONTA. HUROPE. eygnea. in. All rivers, probably. ASIA. Burroughiana. Zea. Luconia, near Manilla. erepera. Lea. Bongaboe, Luzon, Philippines. gibbum. Benson. Shanghai. gracilis. Lea. Dingle, Isle of Panay. Harlandi. Baird &d Ad. Shanghai. magnifica. Lea. China. Schrenkii. Zea. Amur. subcrassa. Lea. Lazuna de Bai, Luzon, Phi- lippines. Swinhoei. HH. Adams. Formosa. tenuis. Zea. Sual, Lezon, Philippines. Vescoiana. Bourg. Anatolia. Woodiana. Lea. China. AFRICA. arcuata. Mer. Hgypt. Chaiziana. Rang. Senegal. Dahomeyensis. Lea, Dahomey, W. Africa. Guillaini. Kecluz. N. H. coast. rugifera. Dunk. Gabon. Senegalensis. Lea. Senegal. NORTH AMERICA. angulata. Lea. Lewis’s river, Oregon. argentea. ea. Stone’s river, Tenn- Arkansensis. Zea. Little Arkansas river. Bealei. Zea. Leon county, Texas. Benedictii. Lea. Lake Champlain. Bridgesii. Zea. Lake Nicaragua. Buchanensis. Zea. Buck creek, Ohio. OF ANODONTA, ETC. 105 Californiensis. Zea. Rio Colorado. carinifera. Con. Kentucky. coarctata. Anton. Mexico. corpulenta. Coop. Lake of the Woods and Upper Mississippi. Couperiana. Zea. Hopeton, Ga. cultrata. Gould. ? cylindracea. Zea. Medellin river, Mexico. Dallasiana. Zea. Lake Winnipeg, Canada. Danielsii. Zea. Topelka, Kansas. Dariensis. Lea. Darien, Ga. decora. Lea. Ohio river. denigrata. Zea. Campbell county, EH. Tenn. doliaris. Zea. Union county, N. C. Dunlapiana. Zea. South Carolina. edentula. Say. Ohio river. ferruginea. Zea. Simon’s creek, Ind. Ferussaciana. Zea. Ohio river. fluviatilis. Dzll. Schuylkill river, Pa. Footiana. Zea. Fort Winnebago, Wis. fragilis. Zam. Newfoundland and Northern United States. Gesnerii. Zea. Uphaupee creek, Ala. gibbosa. Say. Georgia. gigantea. Lea. Port Gibson, Missi. glauca. _ Valen. Acapulco, Mexico. globosa. Lea. Concha Lake, Mexico. Granadensis. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. grandis. Say. Upper Mississippi. Hallenbeckii. Zea. Uphaupee creek, Ala. Harpethensis. Zea. Harpeth river, Tenn. Henryana. Lea. Mexico. imbecillis. Say. Ohio river. implicata. Say. Massachusetts. inequivalva. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Jewett. Lea. Lake Nicaragua. Kennerlyi. Lea. Chiloweyuck, Puget Sound, Washington Territory. Kennicottii. Lea. Great Slave Lake. lacustris. Zea. Crooked Lake, N. Y. lenticularis. Zea. Lake Nicaragua. Leonensis. Lea. Leon county, Texas. Leolandi. Gup. Trinidad. Lewis. Zea. Mohawk, N. Y. Linneana. Lea. Lake Concordia, La. luteola. Zea. Isthmus of Darien. Marryatana. Zea. Fort Winnebago, Wis. 27 micans. Anth. Texas. modesta. Zea. Kalamazoo, Mich. Montezuma. Zea. Central America. Napolatensis. Sow. Mexico. Nicaragua. Phili. Lake Nicaragua. Nuttalliana. Zea. Wahlamat river, Oregon. oblita. Zea. Campbell county, EH. Tenn. opaca. Lea. New Orleans, La. Oregonensis. Lea. Wahlamat river, Oregon. ovata. Lea. Marietta, Ohio, Pallegoixi. Cum. Mt. Siam. papyracea. Anth. ‘Tennessee. pavonia. Lea. Little Beaver, Ohio. Pepiniana. Lea. Lake Pepin, Ohio. plana. Zea. Ohio river. plicata. Haid. Cumberland river, Ky. salmonia. Zea. Poland, Ohio. Shafteriana. Zea. Horn Lake creek, Tenn. Showalterii. Zea. Coosa river, Ala. Simpsoniana. Lea. Great Slave Lake. Stewartiana. Lea. New Orleans, La. Strebelii. Zea. Vera Cruz, Mexico. subeylindracea. Lea. Oak Orchard creek, New York. subglobosa. Anth. Michigan. suborbiculata. Say. Mississippi river, near Alton. subvexa. Con. Black Warrior, Ala. tetragona. Lea. Alexandria, La. Texasensis. Lea. Texas. Tryonii. Zea. Schuylkill river, Pa. undulata. Say. Schuylkill river, Pa. virens. Zea. Red river, Alexandria, La. virgulata. Zea. Roanoke river, N. C. Wahlametensis. Zea. Wahlamet river, Ore- gon. Wardiana. Zea. Scioto river, Ohio. Youkanensis. Lea. Alaska. SOUTH AMERICA. Amazonensis. Lea. Upper Amazon. anserina. Spiz. Brazil. atrovirens. Phili. Nicaragua. Blainvilliana. Zea. Corrientes river. Cailliaudii. Lea. Brazil. carinata. Dunk. New Granada. 106 cornea. Phili. Nicaragua. crassa. Swain. Rio Plata. crispata. Lam. Cayenne. elongata. Swain. Brazil. ensiformis. Spiv. Bolivia. esula. Jan. Bolivia. Forbesiana. Lea. Uruguay river. Georgine. (Gray. ig Holtonis. Lea. Upper Cauca, New Granada. inearum. Phili. Peru. . lato-marginata. Zea. Rio Parana. limnoica. D’Orb. Corrientes, Argentine Rep. lucida. D’Orb. Uruguay. Moricandii. Zea. Bahia, Brazil. Mortoniana. Zea. Rio Parana. Napoensis. Zea. Equador. obtusa. Spix. Brazil. Parishii. Gray. Paraguay. Patagonica. Lam. Rio Plata and Patagonia. Pazu. Lea. ? porcifer. Gray. Paraguay. puelchana. D’Orb. Rio Negro, Patagonia. pulvinata. Hupé. South America. rubicunda, Lea. Uruguay river. Schroteriana. Lea. Rio Negro, Brazil. siliquosa. Spiv. Brazil. sinuosa. Lam. ? sirionos. D’Orb. Corrientes, Argentine Rep. solenidea. Sow. Rio Francisco. soleniformis. D’Orb. Rio Negro, Brazil. solidula. Deville. Upper Amazon. Spixii. .D’Orb. Rio Parana. suavidicus. Jea. River Amazon. subrostrata, Phili. Peru. subsinuata. Phili. Peru. tenebricosa. Lea. Rio Plata. Texasensis. ea. ‘Texas. tortilis. Zea. Carthagena. trapezialis. Lam. Brazil. trigona. Spix. Rio Negro, Brazil. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Trautwiniana. Zea. Carthagena. Ucayalensis. Phil. Peru. Uruguayensis. Zea. Uruguay river. Wheatleyi. Zea. Para. Wyman. Lea. Uruguay river. NEW HOLLAND. purpurea. Valen. HABITAT UNKNOWN. uniopsis. Lam. The following species are unknown to me:— EUROPE. Anodonta curvatus. Jer. ASIA. Anodonta folium. Ter. Anodonta Chinensis. er. AFRICA. Anodonta arcuta. Call. Egypt. Lueasii. Desh. Algiers. Tawail. Rang. ? NORTH AMERICA. Anodonta lugubris. Say. Cumberland river, Tenn. Anodonta impura. Say. Mexico. Fossin SPECIES. NORTH AMERICA. Anodonta? Abyssina. ort. OF COLUMBA AND BYSSANODONTA. GENUS COLUMBA. SOUTH AMERICA. Blainvilliana. Zea. ——? esula. Jan. Bolivia. GENUS BYSSANODONTA. SOUTH AMERICA. Paranensis. D’Orb. Rio Parana. 107 108 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF IRIDINA, ETC. GENUS PLATIRIS. I. SUBGENUS IRIDINA. AFRICA. Leaii. Sow. Senegal. ovata. Swainson. Senegal. exotica. Lam. Senegal. Speku. Woodward. Lake Tanganyika. HABITAT UNKNOWN. valeus. Parr. solida. Anton. Il. SUBGENUS SPATHA. AFRICA. alata. Lea. Lake Nyassa. Baiku. H. Adams. River Niger. celestis. Lea. Kordofar and Gambia. dubia. Zea. Senegal. modesta. Lea. Mozambique. Natalensis. Zea. Umpingave river, So. Af. Nyassaensis. Lea. Lake Nyassa. rubens. Lam. Nile and Senegal. Walbergi. Avrauss. Natal, So. Af. Ill. SUBGENUS MYCETOPUS. SOUTH AMERICA. faleatus. Higg. Upper Amazon. pygmea. Spiv. Paraguay. siliquosus. D’Orb. Corrientes and Santa Cruz in Bolivia. soleniformis. D’Orb. Santa Cruz, Bolivia. ventricosus. D’Orb. Corrientes in Bolivia. NEW HOLLAND. rugatus. Sow. Australia. INDEX OF SPECIES.’ SUBGENUS TRIQUETRA. avicularis (Hyria). Lam. An. sans Ver., vi. 82 . é : 3 angulata (Mya). Wood. Supp. t. 12 . Browniana (Unio), Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 24, f. 116, Obs. ii. 108 contorta. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. i. 319,” Obs. vi. 39 . : : : 6 corrugata ee) Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. OH 6 5 5 corrugata Conse Piata, Malae. pl. 67 cordata (Hyria). Menke. Synop. p. 63 caudatus (Unio). Wagner. Test. Braz. pl. 27 delphinus (Unio). Trosch. Wieg. Arch. xiii. 1847 elongata (Hyria). Sorat, Exot. Goren p- 29 furcatum ae Spix. Test. Braz. Pe 27 humilis? (anion Goa ies. Bavath, Xiil. USE : lanceolata. Lea. Pro. Neral Na. Sei. vill. 79 lanceolata (Hyria). Gray. Zool. Pro. 1859 obliquus (Prisodon). Schum. Nouv. Sys. pl. Lik, ti 2 : spunedlapoatnn (Pax rae Satori, Nowe, Sat jolly WL, 18 & : rosea (Tellina). Bonh. Grat, Moll. dp la France. (Hyria) Lefev. rugosa (Hyria). Cuv. Reg. An. AGA. afl i. 407 25 rugosus (Unio). 27 : rugosum (Galeton, Site, Test, Brey, all 27 subviridis. AY Dali, Wagner. Test. Braz. pl. Meth. Ostanso. p- 135 : syrmatophora (Mya). Grono. Zoophy. pl. Ts), 3 1 6 : } d syrmatophora (Hyria). Sow. Gen. Shells, No. 16 6 é . : : 3 syrmatophora (Mya). Wood. Ind. Test. pl. 2, f. 36 . : : 5 SUBGENUS PRISODON. acuticosta (Castalia). Ani. Nouy. . HHupé. ambiqua vee Lam. An. sans Ver. Wo @ 9 ambigua (Unio). ei. iNetine. on 67, fe 4 ambigua (Mya). Wood. Index Test. Supp. f. 9 2 5 Castelnaudii. FS Lut Noo cordata. Hump. H.& A. Adams, Gen. Bes, Moll. . A : Orosseicana. Hidalgo. Jour. de oncly Duprei (Castalia). Recluz. Rev. Zool. 1842. inflata (Castalia). D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 48 . : 6 c multisulcata (Castalia). Hupé. Ani. Nouv. nodulosus. (Mya.) Wood. Conch. p. 106 pectinatum (Tetraplodon). Spix, Test. Braz. p. 25 0 0 : 27 1 Throughout the Index the names in italics are synonyms. f. means fossil. * The New Series of the Journal of the Acad. Nat. Sciences is always referred to except when other- wise stated, as well also the New Series of the Trans. of the Am. Phil. Soc. 28 110 plumbeus (Chama). Jihif. MSS. plumbeus (Unio). Imp. Cab. Vienna . ‘ quadrilatera (Castalia). D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 42, f.3,4 . retusa (Castalia). Hupé. Ani. Nouv. sulcata (Castalia). Krauss. MSS. truncatus. Schum. Nouv. Syst. p. 139 turgida (Castalia). Hupé. Ani. Nouv. SUBGENUS UNIO. abacotdes. Hald. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 75 abacus. Hald. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. viii. 202 Abbevillensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 51, and Obs. vi. 51 : : abbreviatus, fi Goldf. PI. 181, f. 15 abductus, f. Phill. Pal. Foss. pl. 11, f. 42 aberrans. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 7; Obs. xi. 11 . 5 Aberti. Con. Pro. Acad. a, ‘Sei, Vv. 10; Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 295 : abnormis. More. Rey. et Mag. Zool. 1862 abruptus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 17 . Abyssinicus. J/art. Mal. Blat. 1866 ; actaphilus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1863 acuminatus. H. Adams. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1866 : : : : : : acutirostris. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 270; Obs. xii. 80. 6 acutissimus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soa. § lv. ai. 10, f. 18; Obs. 1. 99 E acutus, f. Show, (Carbonicola, MeGhey; An- thracosta, Aing.) Min. Conch. t. xxxill. 1% = : : é 6 aduneus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. vi. 191. equatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 89; Obs. vi. 89 . : : : 6 6 zreus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 160 zruginosus. More. Test. Nov. No. I. 29 . Aisopus. Green. Jl. Mac. Lyc. 1827, pl. 3 Aithiops. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 877; Obs. x. 18 : ; : . 5 Aferulus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 34; Obs. xi. 88 . PAGE 2 27 27 2 30 2 2 i 62 INDEX OF SPECIES. ETO GU OS O70 Pa Ws a 00 Bo OES (0X CHD Be 19, f. 26; Obs. v.27 . : ANP Slecsame, Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Stl il. 300; Obs. vi. 20 . 6 agrestis, f. (Pachyodon). Hist. xii. t. 16, f. 11 aheneus. Lea. Tr, Am. Ph. Soe. ix. on 41, f.9; Obs. iv. 88 . 5 New Fr. Wat. Shells ies N. Boe Alabamensis. Con. Wo So WD: OF « : : : 5 aleeformis, f. Al. Brown. InDeshayes’ Tr. Hlé. it. p. 216 alasmodontina (Complanaria). Sinn. Shells of New Eng. p.14 . alata (Mya). Wood. Ind. Test, Sr. £3 alata (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iii. 448; Obs. 1. 62 : : ; . alata (Lymnadia). Sow. Conch. Syst. pl. 89, f. 8 5 . : ; ; alatoides, f. ea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1868, p. 164 alatus. Say. Nich. Ency. Asa. Cond. pl. 4 Aleronti. Mass. Dupuy, Hist. Nat. de France alpinus, f. Math. Cat. 240. Brown . altilis. Con. New Fr.Water Shells U.S. p. 48 altus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci.11.298 . amabilis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. vi. 257; Obs. xvili. 17 ambiguus, f.- Sow. Min. Conch. vi. pl. 594 ambiguus. Phili. Conch. iii. 47 . amnicus. Zeigl. Rossm. Icon. i. f. 212 . amoenus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vii. s 10, f. 12; Obs. 111. 38 . : empallaceee! Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 269; Obs. xii. 29 : amygdala, f. (Pachyodon). N. Hist. x. t. 16, 2 amygdalum. Lea. 5 Nia, 1a, Sa, 1D, pliso. fa: ae lv. 183 . anaticulus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sich Vv. 8 Obs. vil. 96 c 6 Angast. Lea. Reeve, Conch. Tren. 989 angusta (Musculus). iat, Meth. Ostra. 146 Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. Obs. 1. 124 é 0 Mus. Strasbourg Brown. An. angustatus. 17, f. 43; angustatus, f. Bronn. PAGE 42 48 64 60 28 64 29 28 28 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE angustior (Musculus). List. Conch. pl. 147,f.3 59 aneustus. Zam. An.sans Ver. v1.80 . 54 anodontina. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80 . 60 anodontoides. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. Toll, By ti Wats Olos, wi, il - : 3 . 58 anodontoides, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. de la France, 48 . ‘ . 64 Ansticei, f. IZ, yacites, Br aan Sow. ‘Geol, Tr. t. 594, f. 3-5 ‘ 64 Anthonyi. Dee Jl. Avent Na. Sei. Vv. 197; Obs. ix. 19 . i 43 antiquatus. Anton. Tou, der Clomiclh, 62 antiquior, f. Strick. Bex 0 65 antiquus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. t. 594, 2 3- 5 6d antistrophodonta, f. Lamo. Bronn.. 65 apicinus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 76; Obs. vi. 76 . ; . 44 apiculatus. Say. Am. Comelk al 52 33 aplatus. Swain. Conch. Icon. No. 143 63 apprimus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 263; Obs. xii. 23 ; ; : : 46 approximus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 5, f. 18; Obs. iv. 48 : . 44 aquensis, f. Math. Cat.240 . ~. oH) aquilinus, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 Ser. v. t. 39 ; . : : ; : 5 OF aquilus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 92; Obs. vi. 92 . ; : : : 5 (a) Arade. Phili. In Dr. Budd's Coll. . 5 6&8 araris. Barbié. Moll. de la France by Grateloup, 45 . 62 aratus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sei lv. 154 31 aratus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. 42, f. 12; Obs. iv. 40 : é ‘ 5 Bo Araucanus. Phili. Conch. iii. 50 . 53 areaformis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. pl. WY, tt Abe Olows, i fol, WAG . 36 arctatus. Ohi. AN, Ul, FSxX75 joll, I, f. ) 5 @ arctior. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 4, f, 10° Oles, m1 = ; : 61 arcuatus. Bouch. Moll. de la erie bby Grateloup, 45. i : 5 OS arcus. Con. Am. Jl. Sci. xxv. 340 . 61 Ardusianus. Reyniés. Let. to Moquin-Tan- don, 5 0 6 : : : > BS) argens. Kust. ——? . : . . 48 argenteus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. i 25, f. 57; Obs. iii. 80 . é Aetarmcasensie Lea. Jl. Acad. Na.. Sh ve 206; Obs. 1x. 28 : arquatus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sef. 1. 397 asper. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. a By ite 15; Obs. i. 95 : pgpeTann. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. v. 63, Obs. viii. 72 asperrimus. Lea. 5, f. 3; Obs. 1. 81 3 : Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sit vi. "980; asperulus. Obs. xii. 40 : : : 6 : Asterianus. Dup. Cat. Mar. Gall. Test. . atavus, f. Partch. Pictet’s Traité, 11. 529 ater. Nil. (Hist. Moll. Succ. 107) ater. Obs. 1. 40 . ; 6 : atra (Naida). Swain. Malacol, 878 . : atrata (Nida). Swain. Zool. Il. pl. 171 . atratus. Sow. (Nida. Swain.) Synopsis . atratus, f. Goldf. Petrif. 11. 180 atro-costatus. Lea. ple 2s fo5 Obsiva4 : : atro-marginatus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. vill. pl. 13, f. 81; Obs. iii. 45 atrovirens. Schmidt. Mos. : Aucklandicus. Gray. Rasalan Goma ‘Tteom, No. 156 auratus. Phili. Cont telien ci pl. 4, a L auratus (Niiia). Swain. Phili. Icon. i. pl4 . : : : : : 4 aureus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 105; Olas, ws, ly, auricularis. Austiniu, f. Forbes. fre he Australis (iyi, Sinai): Malacol. 380 Australis. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80 Aveia. Bens. Wood’s Index pl. 23, f. 20 Averyi. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 269; Obs. vil. 37 : : E : : Aztecorum. Phili. Menke’s Zeitsch. 1847, p. 95; Conch. pl. 6, f. 2 badius. Kanon Mich. Comp. pl. 16, te 25 Ree. Scien. i. t. 2, Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. Sheer, Wes con, Joe SOO. win, Joly 7G 1% Os Mie, Agin, IPI, Soe, sx Soe. IBoul, myo, Ss INo lek Speng. Siniee Nat. TEs Till, IOUL PAGE 40 112 INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE Bagdadensis. Bourg. Voy. de la Mer. Mort. 78 5 : . : : é . 46 Bairdianus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 361; Obs. vill. 48 6 : 0 . 49 Bakeri. HH. Adams. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1866 638 Baldwinensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 3830; Obs. vill. 12 ‘ L 51 Pies Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. i il. 295 54 Bandinii. iist. In Rossm. Icon.i.No.341 48 | Barnesianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 10, f. 26; Obs. i. 81 : : 38 Barratii. Ted Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 13, i OS Olosh vo IA « ; 60 Barraudii. Bonh. Grateloup, Moll. de 1 France, 45 . ; ; : : . 62 Batava (Mysea). Turton. Br. Shells, 20 . 47 Batava (Mya). Wood. Index Test. pl. 2, 1b AB) : : 6 : . ec uil Batavus. Zam. An.sans Ver.vi.78 . 47 Batavus, f. Pfeif. Bronn. Index Pa. 343 65 Beadleianus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 94; Obs. 111.98 . 5 HS) Bealei. Lea. Jl. Nord! i, Se, Wo "904. Obs. ix. 26 . i . 49 Beaverensis. Lea. Jl. end: Na Se, vi. 297; Obs. xii. 57 5 : 4 5 ty Bengalensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. elk Aste, BE Olosh Wis D5 4 : . AT Bensonil. Lea. Synopsis, Note ‘ Ol Berlandierii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 369; Obs. vil. 51 : ; 36 Basleeammn, Dunk. Zeitsch. 1848, p. 182 61 biangulatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 9, £8; Obs. i. 85. : . 61 ibigostteiine, Bec, Conch. Icon. No. 127 . 68 biemarginatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. xi. 51; Obs. xi.51 . : : : 5) BS Bigbyensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 22, f. 51; Obs. iii. 75 8 Biggorensis. Mille. Mag. de Zool. 1843. 63 bilineata (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. ive ple di 19 sObs: 12108 : 5 il bilineatus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. IE, sh alge, Oost OSs : 61 Binnee Tee Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. oi 6, f. 18; Obs. iv. 51 : 5 4 . 46 Bisselianus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 207; Obs. xil. 37 : F Bilaadtiens, Lea. J). Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 65; Obs. vi. 65 : Blandingianus. Lea. Tr. et Ph. Soe. We pl. 15, f. 44; Obs. i. 218 Blaunert. Shut. ——?. Bonneaudi. Hyd. Mag. de ool 1838, ot IAG, a, I : Bonplandii. Valen. Hennbelar Boss. Obs. : Bosquinianus, f. Mathe. Cat, 168, Bea Bourguignatianus. Lea. Jl. Aen Na. Sci. vi. 54; Obs. xi. 58 Boarmance Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sts, vil. pl. 15, f 28; Obs. i. 51. : Bovdhennn, ee Ute, Zien, IPla, S08 vili. pl. 16, f 82; Obs. i. 54 0 : Boykinianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 18, f. 22; Obs. i. 46 : bracteatus. Gal, Proce. Bos. Nat. TEs, Soc. Aug. 1855 . Brazosensis. ea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 809; Obs. xii. 69 brevialis. Sow. Gener. f. 4 brevialis. Crouch. Int. to Lam. pl. 9. brevialis. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 73 brevidens. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. 6, f. 5; Obs. 1. 85 Droviplicaae f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48 Brownii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 307; Obs.vii 27 1 ee Bruguierianus. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. Brumbyanus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 26, f. 62; Obs. ii. 83 brunneus. Pons Not. Biv. Reelez. 430 Buckleyi. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. 39, f. 2; Obs. iv. 34 : Buddies Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sia 1X. Ph 40, f.5; Obs. iv. 35 : bulbosus. fies Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 191; Obs. vii. 9 . 0 bullatus. Con. New Fr. Wake Shells 68. Mon. pl. 45, f.2 . . bulloides. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei lv. 264: Obs. vii. 82 ; : é PAGE 50 B33) 54 oo 50 63 65 39 39 62 28 43 31 41 56 50 65 61 44 49 ay) 48 52 40 83 55 INDEX OF SPECIES. alls Burkensis. Lea. J]. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 215; Obs. vii. 33 . Burtoni. Woodward. Proc. Zool. ‘S08, 1859, d49 Burroughianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. ol @, i Bre Olos a Wo : : : buxeus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 15, f6 138 Olds ve Ilr : ‘ : Byzantinus. Parreyss’ labels cacao. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 344: Obs. viii. 26 é ceruleus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. S08 lv. pl. 13, f. 25; Obs. i. 105 celatus. Con. Arm. Jl. Sci. xxv. elk st f, 2 Caffer. Krauss. Sudafrik. Moll. 18. Caillaudiu. Fer. MSS. : P calceolus (Marg.) Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. i. pl. 8, f. 1; Obs. 1. 7 ; é Caldwell. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 265; Obs. vu. 83 caliginosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, Ke al, 7, f. 21; Obs. iv. 53 5 ‘ calimatorum. Jore. Test. Nov. No. 1, p.30 . é : : : ; ; callosus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. Be 23, f. 54; Obs. i. 77. : Gontbotfienste, Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iil. 813; Obs. vi. 33 Chntbofemeta, Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Teor 231 Cy. : : , 5 : : camelopardilis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 855; Obs. vil. 37 : camelus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, v. ail 15, f. 45; Obs. 1. 214 : camptodon. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 49 ; Canadensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 268; Obs. vii. 86 ‘ : : capax. (freen. Cab. Nat. Hist. 11. 290 caperatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 5, f. 14; Obs. iv. 49 : : Bayne. Payr. Cat. de Gores 66 ‘ capillaris. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soa. v. oF 2, f.2; Obs. i. 141 . : capillus. Say. Transyl. Jl. iv. 1881. capseeformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 2, f.4; Obs. 1. 143 : 3 29 PAGE 60 ol 50 46 48 54 47 30 48 58 68 30 45 63 27 42 63 58 387 50 37 42 34 oo 38 49 42 9 PAGE carbonarius. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 11, f. 32; Obs. 11.37 . : : . 3l carbonarlus, f. Goldf. Petrefacten . . 69 cardium. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, 68 41 cardiacea. Desh. Traité Hlém. 216 . . 39 caridiacea. Guerin. Icon.du Reg. An. pl.28 39 carinatus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. v. 6, pl. 11, 1O . : : ‘ : : . 48 carinifera. Lam. An.sans Ver. vi. 74 . 51 cartosa. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80 . 42 carlosoides, f. Zea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci., 1868, p. 163 : : 65 eariosus. Say. Nich. Ency. art. Asin, Coren 42 carneus. Kiister. Syst. Conch. Cab.ix.108 49 Carniolicus. Zezgl. Potier. Gallerie de Moll. ui. 149 : : > O83 Carolinensis. Prof. Ravenel’s Tbeiitae - . 61 Carolinianus. Bose. Hist. Nat. des Coq. iii. 3 Oe ‘ : ‘ : > &Y Carteri, f. tee Jl. Geo. Soc. xvi. 175. 65 Ceramic Zeigil. Rossm. Icon., pl. 15 47 Casablancze. Phil. Menke’s Zeits. 1848, p. We 2 ‘ : : : : 5 o8 eastaneus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. iil at, Ale Olos, 1, WO : F al castaneus. Fitz. Sys. Vertz.119 . . 69 castus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 349; Obs. vu. 31 : : 40 Catawbensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Nee Sei v. 54: Obs. vii. 58 : : . 52 eatillus. Con. Monog. pl. 13, £9 : 5 HM caudatus (Hyria). Wagner. Test, Braz. 85 25 caudiculatus. Mart. Mal. Bl. 1867 . é centralis, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 ser. t. 39, f. 13 ; : : OD cerinus. Con. Mesos pl. 52 0 37 Charlottensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sef Vi. Ss Olos, xa, 12g 5 Ol Chewrmeions, D’ Orb. Mag. a oo No. 62, p-. 85, and Voy. Am. Mer. . : 54 Chathamensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 2 Obs xas26 ‘ ; ; > OS Oheitemaoraamea Ten: Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. Thy AM2 Olos wat BY : é . 40 Chickasawhensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vy. 101; Obs. vii. 105 . ; ; OO) 114 Childreni. Gray. Grif. Cuv. xii. pl. 1, f.1 Chilensis. Gray. Specil. Zool. 1880 . Chiloensis. Phili. Dr. Van dem Busch’s Letter é A ‘ ; Chinensis. (An.) Kiist. Syst. Conch. Chinensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 825; Obs. xii. 85 : Chunii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na Sil Vv. “196; Obs. ix. 18 . Churchillianus (Monoc.) Bourn Mag. Zool. 1857 . Con. Monog. pl. 64 Say. Dissem. 1829 Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 93; Obs. Rew, se cicatricosus. cicatricosus ? cicur. Lea. vill. 97 ‘ ‘ Cincinnatiensis. Lea. Aa Ph. Soe. vill. pl. 8, f. 4; ae TL, BA 5 cinnamomicus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 100; Obs. vii. 104 circulus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. ii. ‘al 9, f. 14; Obs. 1.47 . cistelleeformis. Lea. Jl. Ane, Na. Sei zi 19; Obs. xi. 23 ; : : : Claibornensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 24, f. 115; Obs. 11. 105 ; : Clarkianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 21, f. 30; Obs. v. 29 ‘ : An. sans Ver. vi. 74 . clavus. Lam. j Clinchensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. vi. 278; Obs. xii. 88 coarctata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 75 3 coccineus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 5, f. 12; Obs. ii. 12 ‘ : coceineus. Dr. Hildreth’s Letter . coccineus. Con. Monog. pl. 18, f. 1 cognatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 368; Obs. vill. 50 : , 6 0 Colchaguensis. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, 47 . collinus. (Con. Monog. pl. 36, f. 2, and pl. 60, £.3 Coloradoensis. Lea. 314; Obs. vi. 84 . Golumberee Lea. 75; Obs. vi. 75 : , cqrnysacians, Lea. Jl. Buca Na. ‘Set iv. pl. 28, f. 98; Obs. vii. 86 : : Jl. Acad. Ne Sek lv. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. iii. PAGE 44 a3) 53 47 INDEX OF SPECIES. complanata. (Mya). Soland. Port. Cat. 100 complanatus. Desh. An. sans Ver. 2d ed. compressus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. vi. 189 . compressa (Symph.) Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. Tobia OG WA i Ae lows i, GS compressus. Bu. Wena! fol, (al, th L compressissimus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. 2g JO toh te ae OlOS, ths OO) 6 concavus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 15, f. 11; Obs. v. 16. : : coneaniniene, f. Goldf. Petrif. i. 189 concinnus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. i. 43 concinnus. Kiist. Syst. Conch. Cab. ; concestator. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 66; Obs. vi. 66 . : ; : : ‘ concolor. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 89; Obs. viii. 93 : : : é : confertus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. e 5, f. 16; Obs. 1. 215 : Concercone Jha, “ie, Jam, 12m, Sore, ji lv. al 6, f. 4; Obs. 1. 82 : Goamediemns, Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, v. all 9, f. 23; Obs. i. 175 : : consanguineus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sell v. 69; Obs. v. 71 : : F consentaneus. Zeigl Rossm. Icon. pl. 15 . consobrinus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 272; Obs. vii. 90 ‘ constrictus. Con. Monog. pl. 49, f. i contiguus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ‘y. 199; Olos, ie, Bi, : : : : 5 contractus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 2038; Obs. 1x. 25 . : 5 : : : contradens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. a 18, £58; Obs. u. 75 contrarius. On Proce. Acad. Na. Sui, iv. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. i. 276 : : conus. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. i. . convexus, f. Roem. Nord Oolith. 95 Cooperianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl Gib Bile Olose me ; Copei. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. a Obs. xii. 67 4 ; Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, 28) Bens. Wood's Index? . Con. Monog. pl. 25 . 307. cor. corbis. cordatus. PAGE INDEX OF SPECIES. cordatus. Kiist. Syst. Conch. Cab. ix. 57 . cordatus? Raf. An. des Phys. v. 312 cordiformis, f Sow. Min. Conch. vi. 191. coriaceus. Dunker. Zeitsch. 1848 corium. Eeeve. Conch. Iconica, 28 : cornutus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. pl. 4, f.5 corrosus. Vill. Cat. 1841 . ; 0 Corrianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. “lt o f, 25; Obs. i. 177 corrugata (Mya). Miill. corrugata Maroccana (Mya). Hist. Tose 214 Chem. Conch. Cab. vi. 7 : : : corrugatus (Hyria). Blain. Malac. pl. 67 . corrugatus. etzius. Nova Test. Gene. corrugatus (Potamida). Swain. Mala. 281 coruscus. Gould. Pro. Bost. N.H.S. vi. 15 corvinus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 310; Obs. xii. 70 j : j : : corvunculus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 815; Obs. xi. 74 corvus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. iv. 2a Obs. iv. 85 . j . ; costata? Raf. Mono. de Con costatus. Con. Monog. pl. 7 . : Couchianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 871; Obs. vin. 538 : : Cheaermsnteroe Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865 erapulus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. ie Obs. xi. 46 . 6 crassa (Mya). Hat. Zo. Text Boole 6 crassa (Mya). Wood. Conch. 106 erassidens. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 71 crassidens. Lam. Var. a. An. sans Ver. Vas Wik ¢ : : : ; . erassissimus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. ii. 121. crassissemus. Her. ney. Meth. pl. 248 crassiusculus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. 191 erassus. etzius. Nova Test. Gene. . erassus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 8 crassus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. 118 crassus. Con. Monog. pl. 16 : crebrivittatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 43; Obs. xi. 47 ‘ ; creperussn Mean lreAm seh. Son, vi. pl. 10, f, 28; Obs. i. 83 : erispatus. Gould. Pro. Bost. N. aE Ss. 1843 PAGE 39 39 65 63 384 30 59 61 30 59 25 20 ol 48 48 82 erispisulcatus. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862 crocatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. 22, f. 52; Obs. 11. 76 ; : enawatlloron, More. Test. Nov. No. il, Dp: 98 Cromwellii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 258; Obs. xii. 18 0 : ‘ : : cucumoides. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 7, f. 2; Obs. iii. 30 F cultelliformis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sei. Vv. 10 Cumberlandicus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. VA laiete Om Oloss ike 2) 5 Cumingii. Dunk. Ziet. fur Mal. 1846 Cumingii. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 54; Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 240; Obs. vii. 58 cuneatus (Mya). Hat. Zool. Text Book cuneatus. Jacq. Rossm. Icon. iii. 37 Swain. Phil. Mag. 1823 cuneatus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. 263. ‘ cuneatus (white var.) Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. xiv. 283 (Note.) cuneolus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sen, vill. pl 7, f.3; Obs. i. 31 . 4 : : cuneus. Con. Monog. pl. 58, f. 1 : cuprinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iy. ee f. 24; Obs. i. 104 6 Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 23); cuneatus. curatus. Toes Obs. xi. 27 . ; curtus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sah, Wo “103: Obs. viii. 107 ; i Cuvieri, f. Mathe. Cat. 169, 1843. Bes Cuvierianus. Lea. Tr. ‘Ai IPN, OCs 3, yolk, UG, 26 16s Olos we lO - : ZA Zeits. Malak. 125, 1851 . Cyamus. PAE. cylindrica (Mya). Eat. Zool. Text Book . cylindrellus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 308; Obs. xii. 68 ; : ‘ oyliiaiiom Say. Nich. Hney. art. Gono TOL 4 3) : : f cyphius. Con. Mlomors, pl. 63 cyreniformis, f. Desh. Traité Klém. i. 215 cyrenoides. Phili. Conch. iii. 79. ‘ dactylus. Lea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vii. va 9, f. 7; Obs. i. 384 . : Moll. du Port. 110 . dactylus. More. 5 Midden. Sibi. Rei. pl. Dahuricus (Marg.) 26, f. 3 and 5 Ww cc Or co bo Io O1nN @ 61 © o> oO CO Ot H OL (o) Or Or Nom | o> Wo) 116 Damascensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 55; Obs. xi. 59 . Damnoica. D’Orb. Danai, f. Meek & Hayden. ? : d : Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1857, p. 145 . Danielis. Gass. Gavan : : , Dariensis, Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vii. pl. 26, f. 61; Obs. 11. 84 . 6 : datus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. "299: Obs. xii. 59 Deceannensis, f. Sow. Tr. Gesll Se, Xvi. pl. 47 . : decipiens. Zieg. MSS. 3 : decisus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. 12, f. 23; Obs. i. 102 declivis. ‘Se y. ‘Trans. Jl. at Med. lv. 1831; Am. Conch. pl. 35 . : : declivis. Con. Monog. pl. 23, f 1 decoratus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, xe a 13, f. 6; Obs. v. 18 : dloomlbone: Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Se. v. 87; Obs. viii. 91 decurvatus. ftossm. Iconog. pl. 9 6 . dehiscens (Margaritana). Say. Am. Conch. pl. 24 . : 0 Delesserti. Bourg. For Mer. Mort. ‘Moll. ah 0 ‘ delicatus. Lea. ‘a ead Na. Sci. i 58; Obs. xi. 62 . : : : 0 delodontus. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 77 delphinulus. More. Test. Nov. No. 1, 31. delphinus. Gruner. Arch. fiir Natur. 1840? Lea in Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. a I, 3 85; Obs. 11. 56 Speng. Scriv. Nat. ete iil. Con. iehapimors. delumbis. £3 3 : ; : Dembez. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 153 Demeraraensis. Lea. 253; Obs. vil. 71 ; ; Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 200; Sesherarme, Obs. vii. 18 : depressa (Mya). Don. Brit, Shells, op. mit 101 Raf An. dies Sei. Piya Vv. 302 Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 79 depressa? depressus. Fresh Water Shells, pl. 5, Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. PAGE 52 63 42 INDEX OF SPECIES. depressus, f. Sow. ie : depressus (Marg.) Pfeif. Land. & S. Moll. i. 32 depressus. D Orb. Wag: de Zeal No. 62 2. Oe 34 5 depressus. Con. SL. Nera ‘Na. Sh a 295 depygis. Con. Am. Jl. Conch. 11. 107 Deshayestt. Mich. Mich. Comp. 167 destructilis. Vill. Rossm. Icon. f. 769 deviatus. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. 156 Deweyanus, f. Meek & Hayden. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1857, p. 145 . ‘ Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. “311; difficilis. Lea. Obs. xii. 71 : digitatus. More. Test. Nov. No. 2, 4 digitiformis. Sow. Reeve, Conch. Icon. 333 dignatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 51; Obs. xi. 55 . : 6 dilatata? Raf. Monog.p.31 . dilatatus. Con. Monog, pl. 21 . dilatatus. Stud. Schweizer Conch. 30 diluvii, i D’Orbd. Am. Mer. 127 diminutus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 254; Obs. vil. 72 dimotus. Lea. Changed from Sumatrensis diplodon.. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 46 discrepans. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 340; Obs. vill. 22 6 5 : : 6 disculus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 385; Obs. x. 21 : : : j 6 discus. ea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. Be 18, f.57; Obs. 1. 74 . : dispar. ees Jl. Acad. Na. Se, ly. "329. Obs. vill. 9 . distans. Anth. Am. JI. Cama 1865, p- 156 distortus, fi Bean. Mag. N. H. ix. 876 divaricatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 9, £24; Obs. 1. 176 ' diivarcane, Boson, Jl. As. Soe. 1855 diversus. Con. Am. Jl. Sci. xxi. 172 dolabreformis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 24, f£ 118; Obs. ii. 103 . : JI. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 260. doliaris. Dea, Obs. xii. 20 , dollabelloides. Zea. Tr. nes Ph. Soe, Ate. pl. 15, f. 31; Obs. iii. 53 PAGE 52 59 INDEX OF dolobratus, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 Ser. v. t. ao); 165.9) ; : . : : dolosus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 75; Obs. vii. 79 ; 3 : ; Dombeyanus. Valen. Humboldt’s Voy. donaciformis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. ii. jo 4416 33 Olos, tO Danieeelltemns, Lhe, “ae, Ja\aan, Ph. She vi. pl. 17; Obs. 1. 73 3 dorsatus. Siem, Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. Vi. "300; Obs. xu. 60 : E dorsuosus. Gould. Wilkes’ U. S, xp Ex. ped. xii. 430 Douglasize. Gray. Griffith’s Cuvier xu. a1 Downiei. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 210; Obs. vil. 28 ‘ : Draparnaldi, fi Desh. ——? . dromas. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. Ph 10, £29: Obs. i. 182 : ‘ Drouetii. Dup. Cat. Gall. Test. dubius. Fitz. Syst. Verz. 119 . : Diinkerianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 305; Obs. vi. 25 Durieui. Desh. Exp. Sci. DYAlgenta pl 109 Duttonianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 22, £50; Obs.in.74 —. : Dyson. Lea. ‘IL Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 252: Obs. vii. 70 ‘ ebenus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph, Sep, lv. il 9, f. 14; Obs. 1.94 . : ; edentulus, f. Braun. Dutch. Nat. 1842, p- 1a. o c : : . : Edgarianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 15, f. 52; Obs. iii. 52 : 3 effulgens. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 303; Obs. vi. 23. : Egyptiacus. Caill. Voy. a Moras il. ‘al 61 Hichwaldianus, f. Keyser. Geol. de la Rus. fol, Bil, 16D é : 5 : , Hightsii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 367; Obs. vil. 49 : : elegans. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soo. lv. ph 9; i UBs Olos, i, OB - : : Elliottii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 54; Obs. vi. 54 . ellipsiformis. Con. Manos: pl. 34 30 PAGE 60 SPECIES. ally PAGE ellipsis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ii. pl. 4, a6 226 Oost, it 10) : : 3 5 cel: ellipticum (Diplodon). Spix.~ Test. Braz. pl. 26) : 31 ellipticus. Spia. (Dirplodlar, (Sata) Synopsis 31 ellipticus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. : 43 elongatulus. Miihl. Rossm. Icon. f.182 . 59 elongatulus. Pfeif. L. and S. Moll. pl. 8, BH amel@ : : ‘ ; 5 6) elongatus. Zam. An.sans Ver.vi.70 . 69 elongatus, f. Fisch. Bronn’s Leth. Geogn. 65 emarginatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 9, £22: Obs.i.174 . ; ; > (2 Embletoni, f. Brown. An. N. Hist. xii. t. G9 ‘ 65 Emesaensis. Lea. Jl. Neadl Na Saf, vi. | DBAs Obs. xi. 14 : : é : , OH Emmonsii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci: v. 56; Obs. viii. 60 P : é : . 60 encarpus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 294; Obs. xii. 54 : é : ; > OO episcopalis. Trist. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1865 . 638 errans. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 60; Obs. vi. 60 . : : 6 : . o2 errosus.. Jay’s Catalogue . : 5 (3) Hseri, f. Arauss. Die Moll. der Tert, . 69 Estabrookianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. fol ae IVs Olose ine Ol : 00 euciITus. Boom g. Voy. Mer. Mort. al 8, f 4-6. . 46 eucyphus. Bloom: Rs. et ‘Mas. Zo. 1857 5 Ol) Buphraticus. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mor.75. 72 evanescens. Mousson. Moll. von Java, 91. 60 Evansi. Ad. and An. Zo. Pro. 1864; Reeve, No. 285 : : ; : : 5 66 evitatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 279; Obs. xii. 39 P : : : . AT exactus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. co. Obs. vill. 64 ; 43 excavatus. Lea. Jl. Naa Na. Sei iv. 11. Oleg, wa, (lo ; ‘ : os Ot excultus. Con. Monog. pl. 54, f ile es . 54 Cee Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 7, ; Obs. 11. 29 . 43 hore pas Zeitsch. 1846; Mouse Shells of Jaya, t. 16, f. 3 i : : . 46 118 eximius. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 294; Obs. vi. 14 . : ‘ ; ; ; exolescens. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. N. H. Sep. 6, 1848 6 : . 5 exoletus, f. Brown. An. N. Hist. xu. t. 16, explicatus. More. Test. Nov. No. 1, 28 extensus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. ae Obs. vi. 67 . ‘ : faba. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. NO 62, p. 89 fabaceus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 90; Obs. vill. 94 : fabalis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph, Sap, lv. ph 10, 16 GS Oo, me Wo - f fallax. en Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ly. 79; Obs. Wil 09) : famelicus.. Gould. Wilkes’ (WE S. io, Bx. ped. xii. 432 : fasciatus. . Con. fasciola? Raf. fassinans. Lea. Obs. xii. 65 fatuus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. ‘Sen vill. al 11, f. 14; Obs. 11. 89 favidens. Bens. Gleanings in Science, 1829, and An. and Mag. 1862 favosus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 58: Obs. vi. 58 . Fellmani. Desh. Exp. Sei a Alegent, a 108 Monog. pl. 1, f. 1 : An. des Sci. Binge, v. 299 Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 805; Ferussacianus. Zea. Described in Note to Emesaensis . : fibuloides. Lea. Jl. Arontl Na. Sei. iv. ph 28, f. 100; Obs. vil. 387 ; : 3 Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. ae firmus. Lea. Obs. xii. 27 : Fisherianus. Zea. Tr. Aa 12a, nae Vi. al 4, f.8; Obs. 11. 8 ; flabellatus, f. Goldf. Bronn. Bene a 182 flabellifer, f Nowl. Grat. Moll. 48 . : flavescens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. Beh 3, £9; Obs. iv. 46 . Aosiloeme, Vid. Separatabdruck, 1856, p. 76 flavidulus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 97; Obs. viii. 101 flavus. Oon. Monog. pl. 41, fi 2 flexuosus? Con. Monog. pl. 4 PAGE 28 ol INDEX OF SPECIES. Florentinus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 64; Obs. viii. 68 : : : F ‘ Floridensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. 21, f. dil; Obs. -v. 80: Jl. Acad. Na. Sh, ly. S250 fluctiger. Ten Obs. vii. 68 fluviatilis. Green. J 1 TMtaelhontenn Tia: A ; Fokkesi. Dunk. Zeits. 54, 1852 ; foliaceus. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1843 ; ‘ , foliatus. Hild. Am. Jl. Sci. xiv. folliculatus. Lea. Mie, Javan, Jeo, SOE, Ws jal 11, f£ 83; Obs. 11. 88 : Foncki. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1369, Dp: 48 Fontainianus. D’Orb. Mag. de Zook No. 62, p- 36. ; 6 6 6 : fontanus. Con. Am. Jl. Conch. 11.279 . Forbeseanus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 16, £ 17; Obs. v. 20 : : Foremanianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. ple27, £. 64: Obs: i385). ; formosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. ph 16, f. 41; Obs. i. 121 Forsheyi. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sef ly. _ 857; Obs. viii. 39 : : ; : ; fragilis. Swain. Zool. Il. iii. pl. 171 fragilis (Nita). Swain. Zool. Il. fragosus. Con. Monog. pl.6,f2 . : fraternus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. E 16, ie de Olose we LO : fucatus. dpe Jl. Acad. Na. Si, IV." 353: Obs. vii. 85 : fulgidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. So, XK: vl a f. 10; Obs. iv. 47 é Salkeftnose Shei, “Ase; J2\van, 1210, Soa; x al WG 36 Ss Oloss, thy, 52 : fuligo. Poe, Conch. Icon. INGE 154 fulmineus. Phili. Conch. iii. 46 4 fulvus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. me 13, f. 39; Obs, 1. 208 ; Jl. Acad. Na. Sei lv. 88. fumatus. Lea. Obs. vi. 88 . ; funebralis. Zea. Jl. Acad. ine Sa, Vv. | 378 Obs. x. 14 . F 5 . ; 5 furvus. Con. Fresh Water Shells, pl. 6, £.3 ‘ : : : : PAGE 32 INDEX OF SPECIES. fuscatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. ix. pl. 40, f.4; Obs. iv. 35 . : fusculus. Mihi. Rossm. Icon. ail 15) fuscus. Ziegl. Pfeiff.2 : Gabbianus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 295; Obs. xii. 55 : Gabonensis. iist. Mar. & Chem. No. 319 Gaditana (Mya). Lin. Syst. Nat. 3221 Galloprovincialis, f. Mathe. Cab. 168 gangrenosus. Schmidt. Bull. Imp. N. H. Moscow. : : Gardannensis, f. Mathe. Cat. 170 Gargotte. Phili. Moll. Sicil. 1. 66 Gassiesi?v. Grat. MSS. label j Gastonensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 20; Obs. xi. 24 . j Gaudichaudi. Hyd. Mag. eel 1338, aI 118 : : : 3 F ; Geddingsianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 11, f 15; Obs. in. 40 ,geminus. Lea. Jl. Acad.’Na. Sci. iv. 63; Obs. vi. 63 . , generosus. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soo, Nat. Hist, Noy. 1850 . 6 Genthii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. v. BT; Obs. vii. 61 p : genuinus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Se. vi. 305; Obs. x11. 64 geometricus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. wh 4, f. 10; Obs. i. 150 ; Aeoraieame, Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. See. Vill. pl. 21, f. 49; Obs. iii. 73 Georgina. ibeains An. sans Ver. vi. al. TA. Gerbidont. Hyd. Mag. Zool. 1838, pl. 118 Gerhardtii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. v. 208; Obs. ix. 30 . : : : : ; germanus. ea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 49; Obs. xi. 53. : gibba. Mihi. Rossm. Toone f. 20 3 : _gibber. Zea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 10, f. 30; Obs. ii. 35 : 6 6 : Gibbesianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 12, f. 2; Obs. v. 10 0 gibbosa (iL ya). "Bat. Zool. Text Book, 220 gibbosus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. gibbosus. Kiist. Cab. ix. 28 PAGE 48 47 47 30 47 dl 65 63 65 60 58 ol 50 53 41 29 41 oo 2D) 54 42 51 47 80 49 47 37 54 61 61 40 - gibbosus. Con. Monog. pl. 27, f. 1 gibbosus? Raf. An. des Sci. Phys. v. 315 Gibbsu, f. Morbes. Rec. Scien. i. t. 2, OMe a ent Rn ae tee ee : gibbus. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. 111. gigas (Lymnadia). Swain. Malac. 265, 378 elaber. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. B 10, f. 29; Obs. 11. 34 : glabrata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 75 é glandaceus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 77; Obs. viii. 81 : glans. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe i lV. al 8, f AS lost i BA glaucinus. Ziegl. Porro. Malac. 115 glebulus. Say. Transyl. Jl. iv. 1831, and Am. Conch. pl. 34 —.. . : . globosa (Symp.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 4, f. 12; Obs. i. 153 Goascoranensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. IV. 258; Obs. vil. 76 Cowen Bourg. Rev. et Mag, Zo. 1857 Gouldii. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. oe 6, f. 16; Obs. iv. 50 : : Gann Ward. Jay’s Cat. i eracilentus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vii. 58; Obs. vill. 62 3 auton. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. lv. 56; Obs. vi. 56 . : eracilis. Barnes. Am. Jl. ‘Sa vi. gracilis (Metap.) Stimp. Moll. N. Eng. 14 gracilis (Symp.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iii. 452; Obs. 1. 66 : Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865 . Gr cal torents Granadensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 293; Obs. xi. 53 : spemdlonsts. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Se. Tee 30, 1855 : : : : : grandidens. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 205; Obs. ix. 27 . é : é : orandis, f. Held. Bronn. Zeits. Witt. 80 eraniferus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 19, f. 60; Obs. 1. 69 : : Schmidt Conch. 26 graniger. Legh granosus. Brug. Jl. de l’Hist. Nat. 1. granosus. Schum. Novy. Syst. pl. 11, f.1. granosus, f. S. Wood. Crag. Moll. 11.98 . 120 eranulatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 48; Obs. xi. 52 . 5 ; . ‘ eranuliferus. Dunker. Menke’s Zeits. 1848, p. 182 0 é 0 0 eratiosus. Phili. Conch. 1. 20 6 6 eratus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 382; Obs. x. 18 : : : 0 2 eravidus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. i. 292; Obs. vi. 12. gravis (Mya). Wood. Tenax Test. Shino: f. 6 Grayanus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 9, 1 BOS Olas to kts Greenil. Con. Fr. Water Shells, pl. 4, fe 1 Grelloisianus. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1856, Wo (Ls : : 0 : ; 0 Griffithianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 15, £46; Obs.i.215 . Greselondliore, "Sehr Flussconch. ia. Gualterii, f. Mt. Sow. M. Ch. iv. 179 Guaranianus. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 387 gubernaculum. Ieeeve. ‘Gandh. Them, No. 146 Gundlachi. Dunk. Malak. Blatt, 1858 Haleianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viil. pl. 27, f. 63; Obs. 111. 85 Hainesianus. Til Acad. Na. Sei. iii. "989. Obstavae oe Hallenbeckii. Lea. Tih eel Na. Sh se 828; Obs. vill. a : p ; Bonlloyonra Lea. » AANA, Ph. Soc. x. pl. 23, f. 37; oan Vo ox) : Hartmanianus. ee Jl. Acad. Na. Set Vv. 73; Obs. vill. 77 : Bloyylest f. Meek. Pro. Acad. Na. Sei. 1360 Haysianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. Bie 8 Oleg io dy | 5 : : Hazlehurstianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 211; Obs. vii. 29 hebes. ila MWg, Aen, JP Soa. 5X Ph 18, f. 21; Obs. v. 23 . 0 haben, Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sal, i. 296 Heermannii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 195; Obs. ix. 16 : 0 Bement Con. Monog. pl. 51, f. iL. hepaticus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sal iy. 348; Obs. vill. 80 PAGE 49 63 32 56 08 INDEX OF SPECIES. heros. Say. Dissem. 1829 heterodon. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. in. “ah 8, f.11; Obs.1.42 . hians (Margar.) Valen. pl. 54, f. 2 Higginsii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Seite 188; Obs. ix. 10 . : Hildrethianus (Margar.) ile, Tr, Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 3, f.8; Obs.i.148 . hippopeeus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 1, f. 1; Obs. iv. pl. 41 Reet d'Obs. Wont EP apemasom. Moquin. Rossm. Icon. 11. walk 56 48 Hjalmarsoni. Dunk. Malak. Blatt, 1858 638 Hochstetterii. Avauss. Peter’s Mocr. vii. 10 63 Holstonensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 15, f. 27; Obs. ii. 50 38 Honisenas: Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 249. Obs. xii. 9 31 Hopetonensis. Lea. Tr, Arm, Ph, S02, val pl. 9, f. 24; Obs. 11. 29 5 51 Housei. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. iii. 991. Obs. vi. 11 . ‘ 28 Houstonensis. Lea. Jl. Acad: Nae Sef i 858; Obs. viii. 40 : 2 : 5 BS) Hubbardii, f. Gadd. Calif. Survey, 11.190 65 Hueti. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1855, 382 ; : : ; . 63 humerosoides, f. Zea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1868, 163 : : : 5 OH humerosus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 301; Obs. xii. 61 ; ; 51 humilis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iti. 296: Obs. vi. 16 . : 32 Hunteri, f. Hislop. Jl. Gon Soa st 174: 65 hyalinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 2, f.4; Obs. iv. 43 . : : ; 6 hybridus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. 11.123 . Hydianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 6, f. 14; Obs. 11. 14 : 0 hyleeus. D Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62 -p.36 ianthinus. Phil. Mal. Blat. 1869, p.46 . icterinus. Con. Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 6, f. 5 imbricatus, f. Hislop. Jl. Geo. Soe. xvi. . imbricatus. J/irch. Peter's Mocr. vii. 170 imperialis. More. Rey. et Mag. Zool. 1862 incerta, f. JL. de Serr. Grat. Moll. 48 INDEX OF SPECIES. incrassatus. Lea. pl. 16, f. 34; Obs. ii. 55 incurvus. F277 Obs: 107 incurvus, f. S. Wood. Indicus. Sow. Conch. Icon. No. 322 : indefinitus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 15; Obs. xi. 19 . é 6 F : : ineptus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 15, i UZ Oloss we IY o : inflatus. ‘Toaee Tr. Am. Ph. Soe Iv. alk i f. 28; Obs. i. 109 6 : inflatus. ‘Ben Am. Jl. Sci. v. 6 : inflatus. Stud. Schweizer Conch. 30 0 infucatus. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, pl. Bh ts Al : : : ; : : Ingallsianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 24, f. 41; Obs. v. 38 : inornatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 299. Obs. vi. 18 . ; : inornatus. Han. Reeve. icon N O. 147 : instructus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 82; Obs. viii. 86 : : 5 : : insulsus. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 53; Obs. viii. 57 : . é : intermedius. Con. Monog. pl. 35, f. 2 interruptus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 6, f. 15; Obs. 11. 15 . : interruptus. Con. Monog. pl. 48 interruptus. Say. Transyl. Jl. iv. 1831; Am. Conch. pl. 33 : - intercedens. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Si, ly. TT. Obs. vi. 77 . : interventus. Lea. Jl. ena Na Sem Vv. 84: Obs. vill. 88 : inusitatis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. lv. 333: Obs. vill. 15 ; involutus. Bens. Wood's Tadlox al, 23. involutus. Han. Reeve. Icon. No. 177 iridescens. Con. Cover of Monog. No. 11 ins. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. ii. pl. 11, f 18; Ol th 3. g é : : ; ; irrasus. ea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 91; Obs. vill. 95 : : irroratus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sp, iil. bh 5, f.5; Obs. 1. 11 é i j ol Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. ‘Bon Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. at 13, Crag. Moll. i 98 . PAGE 37 54 60 ol ol 50 28 09 Jacobus. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 44 . Jacqueminii. Dup. Cat. Extra Gall. Test. Jamesianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 52; Obs. vi. 52 . . Japanensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. lv. ve Obs. vii. 62 . jaspideus (Mono?). Hupé. Aen, Nee et R. Ii, te : ‘ : ; 3 ; Verena: Lea, Tr. Am, Ph, Soc. viii. pl. 18, £37; Obs. 111.58 . 6 Jayanus. baw, Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. ah 9, f. 23; Obs. 11. 28 . ‘ Alm, ZN, JEN, Sa vi. mi 4 jejunus. ea. £9; Obs. i. 9 Jenkinsianus. Bens. An. emt Moe 1863 . : Jewettii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 276; Obs. xii. 386 ; : é : : Johannis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. acoe Obs. vill. 25 : : Jonesu. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei, iv. 840; Obs. viii. 21 ‘ : Jordanicus. Bourg. Rey. et Mag. 1856, p: 78 ; 3 Juliani. Rang. ys &e Mn us. a 307 Keraudreni. Hyd. Mag. de Zool. 1838, pl. TAS), 36, aL é : F : : Kienerianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 23, f. 40; Obs. v. 87 Kirchbergensis, f. Krauss. Die Moll. der bem, Kirkii. Zea. Jl. Dees Na. Se vi. 32: Obs. sa, BO < j Kirtlandianus. Lea. ‘he ieee Ph. Soe Vv. pl. 14, f. 41; Obs. 1. 210 ; Rlketntem, ihe Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. mi It 36 sie Olas, ve Zl Kraussii. ee (Castalia sulcata, Kraus) Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 876 . Kullethensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 251; Obs. xi. 11. Kurrii. Kiist. ? Labacensis. Zieg. Rossm. Tear. No. 2, ,p- a1 lacaziana, f. Drap. Grat. Moll. 48 lacrymosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iui. pl. 6, £8; Obs. i. 14 lacteolus. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. 1835, p. 34 121 PAGE 63 63 50 él 37 46 60 ol 63 51 41 48 44 63 46 84 41 122 lacteolus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. a 8, f. 19; Obs. 1. 152 a : leevigatus. _Kiist. Conch. Cab. levirostris. Ben. An. and Mae 1862 levis (Allorisma), f. Michw. Thier. p. 12 levissima. Desh. An. sans Ver. vi. . 5 leevissima (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iii. pl. 13, f. 23; Obs. 1.58 . leevissimus. iDes Tr. Am. Ph. Soa, j ill. ph 113, = 23; Obs! x, 61 : Lammarcennnne: Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, xe pl.17, £ 20; Obs. v. 22 : 4 lamellatus. ite, Abies Jao, Jeo, SIO, Vals jalle 6, {fe Gs Ojos, it, I) - : Baird & Ad. Pro: eal: Sat, Lamprepeame, 1867 : 6 : 6 3 lanceolatus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. 111. pl. 3) 16 4S Olosb i 8 « é ; 5 6 Landbecki. Phil. Mal. Blat. 1869, 45 Laonensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 63; Obs. xi. 67 . lapillus. Say. Am. Gand, pl. 41 Largillerti. Phili. Menke Zeits. 1847, p. 94 Lartetii, i Now? Grat. Moll. 48 F latecostatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 1, £2; Obs. iv. 42 Toston f. Brown. An. N. Gs abl, Uh 15, its: Ooi latiplicatus, f. Noul. latiradiatus. Con. latirostris. Kiist. Conch. Cab. 86 latissimus. Sow. Conch. Icon. 837 . 5 latus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 8384; Obs. vill. 16 Lavateri, f. Goldf. Petr. i. 182 Lay resi Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 248; Obs. vil. 61 . : : 0 Laymontianus, f. Noul. Grat. Moll. 48 Lazarus.- Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 14, a We Olosh Wo dle) Leaii. Gen y. Griffith’s Cintas xi. a1, aa Ben. Jl. As. Soc. 1855 Ce Moll. 48 . : Monog. p. 96 Lecontianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. She, vi. pl. 12, f. 86; Obs. ii. 40 6 ‘ Leibii. Lea. aT Acad. Na. Sci. vi. we Obs. xi. 48 . PAGE 46 59 63 65 28 28 28 ot 46 30 57 63 62 49 63 60 31 65 65 27 59 40 57 65 41 36 INDEX OF SPECIES. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862 —? Leioma. lemovicense. Fer. lenior. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sons; vill. Ph 12, f. 18; Obs. i. 42 4 lenis. Ohi. Monog. pl. 58, f. 2 lens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sa, lv. wal Sh, ik 10; Obs.1.90 . lepidior. Lea. Jl. Agat Na. Sei. v. 389: Obs. x. 25 3 : See ks : lepidus. Gould. Pro. Bost. S. N. H. vi. 15 leprosus. Miles. Geol. Sur. Mich. 248 leptodon. Con. Monog. pl. 33 . : Lesleyi. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 352; Obs, vil. 84 : Lesueurianus. Lea. Tr. iin, Ph. Soe “ff. pl. 8, f. 6; Obs. 11. 38 . ; ‘ Levedensis, f (Pachyodon). Brown. An. N. Hast. xii. t. 165% 8 : Lewisii. Lea. Jl. endl Na. Sci. v. “ae Obs. vill. 75 liasinus, f. Schiid. Liebmanni. Phil. Conch. ii. 27 Tieton “Table, 933 : Menke’s Zeits. 1847, and lienosus. Con. Am. Jl. Sl, KXY. = wl i f. 4, and Monog. p. 91 : ; ligamentina. Desh. An. sans vier 2 aa ligamentinus. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 72 ligamentoides, f. Zea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1868, p. 164 : ; : ligula. Jousson. Moll. von Java, 94 Limagne. Bowl. Bouil. Cal. 81 limatulus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. i. 276 . limosus. Nilss. Hist. Moll. Sues. 110 Lincecumu. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 312; Obs. vi. 72 . : : ; : : Lindsleyi. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 351; Obs. vill. 88 0 lineatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, viii. ph 12, f. 20; Obs. in. 44 : 2 lineolatus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 68 . lineuseformis. Lea. Jl. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. 3845; Obs. vill. 27 3 6 : 6 liratus. Shuttsworth’s fave Haines’ Cat. Listeri, f. Sow. Min. Conch. ii. - 23 lithophagus. Ziel. : litoralis. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 76 30 INDEX OF SPECIES. litoralis, f. Drap. Mag. N. H. 1833, p. 41 Livingstonensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 14; Obs. x1.18 . : : lobata. De Cr. and Jan. Cat. Collectionum locellus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 264; Obs. xii. 24 : 0 6 ‘ 0 longidentatus. Anton. Verz. der Conch. . longirostris. Ziegl. Rossm. Icon. pl. 14 Long-thick-horse-muscle. Petiv. Gazophy. vi. longus. Phil. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 44 lucidus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 9; Obs. xa, 113) 6 : 3 : 3 : ; lugubris. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 9, f. 25; Obs. 1. 80 . é ‘ . Say. Am. Conch. pl. 43 lugubris. lunulifer. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1856, p. 71 luridus. Lea. Tr Am. Ph. Soc: x. pl. 20; f. 29; Obs. v. 29 . : . 5 Monog. pl. 28 luteolus. Con. luteolus. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 79 i luteus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. i. 291; Obs. vi. 11 . : lutulentus. Gould. Tyyalices) U. S. hap. xl 428, Lyonii. Lea. Jl. Aaaél Na. Sci. si, 259; Obs. xu. 19. : ; ‘ ; ; Maccarthyanus. Bourg. Moll. Nouv. 221 macer. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 202; Obs. ix. 24. Ben. An. & Mag. 1862 . macilentus. Maconensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 98; Obs: vi. 93 . : ; : : : macrodon. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 193; Olos, wx, IH) . macropterus. Dunk. Titi, Mal. 1846, j p: 109 maculatus. Con. Fr. Wat. Shells, al 4, f.4 Malcolmsonu, f. Hislop. Jl. Glee. Soe. sa, A's ; mamillalus, f Hislop. Bi Gea, Sa, Xvi. 175 manca. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80 . ; Mandarinus. More. Jl. de Conch. 1865, p. 19 Mandelslohi, f. Dunk. “‘Enksonialostn | ly. 21 Mantelli, f. 2%t. Sow. Min. Conch. vi. 189 manubius. Gould. Pro. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist. Aug. 1855 . Mardinensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 252; Obs. xi. 12 : margaritacea. Drap. Moll. pl. 10 margaritica. Klein. Meth. Ostrac. 145 margaritiferus. margaritiferus, f. Horn. Bronn. marginalis. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 79 mareinis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. vi. 255 ; Obs. xu. 15 Martinii, f. 7%. Masoni. Con. Massini. More. Jl. de Conch. 1864, p. 288 Matoniana (Myt.) D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. Sow. Min. C. iv. 179 CA i, 88 c : : Mananitianas! Lea. Jl. Acad. Ne Si ly. 7 O6T. Obs. vil. 75 . ‘ ; j ; : Mecklenbergensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. Wis le Olos, sat, Bal : j Medellinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. S85 vi. pl. 12, f. 34; Obs. 1. 84 . : . Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. Oe mediocris. De Obssxin2cre : ; medius. Lea. Jl. incaal iN, Sta Wo US3 Obs. viii. 82 megapterus. More. Jl. de Conch. 1864, p. 159 melinus. Con. Monog. pl.55,f1 . E melleus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 250; Obs. vil. 68 . : membranaceus (Myt.) Jat. ita, These x. pl. 24 . Menkei, f. Koch & D. Beitr. Ool. pl. 1, f. 1 Menkianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 1G) 38 He Ole, wi, 16 ; : 3 Menzieni. Gray eee ‘ : F Mercerii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 209; Olos, ix, Bil, : * 4 : ; merdiger. Reeve. Conch. Icon. No. 145 . merdiger. Walsh. Jay’s Cat. . é Meridithii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci, Vv. 65; Obs. vill. 69 5 5 ; Merodabensis. V.dem Busch. Gonalh. Cab. merus. Lea. Mig, Jaa; ela, SCs >:<, Jol, Udy, st 10; Obs. v. 16 : 6 6 cacti ote. Say. Dissem. 1831. ; metanevra (Teliderma). Swain. Malac. 271 metanevrus. af. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 305 Drap. Hist. Moll. pl. 10 . Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 5, f. 2 . 123 PAGE 62 48 124 metastriatus. Con. Monog. pl. 57, f. 2 Mexicanus. Phili. Menke’s Zeits. 1847, p. 95, and Conch. pl.6,f,:3 . Conch. Teor 981 Werrcanun Sow. Reeve. micellus. More. Jl. de Conch. 1865, p. 21 micans. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 59; Obs. viii. 68 : ; ; : : Michaudiana. Des Moul. Lin. Soc. Bord. vi. pl. 27 Michonit (Monoce.) Bourg. Vor Mor Mort 74 micropterus. re. m. de Clannetn. 1866, 63 minor. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. 39, f. 3; Obs. iv. 84 : : : minutus, f. Purch. Bronn. Pale. 55 Mississippiensis. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. i. BUY 6 é modestus. Fer. —— 2 : 5 modicellus. Lea. Jl. Acad. We Sci. Iv. 847; Obs. viii. 29 j : modicus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. lv. 204; Obs. vii. 22 . modiolaris, f. Sow. Geol. Tr. 2 ser. v. t. 39, f. 10 : : : : : 5 modioliformis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 18, £40; Obs. i. 209 modioliformis Sear MSS. : : meestus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. ph 26, 60; Obs. ii. 82 6 Monnes Phili. Conch. 111. 60 : 5 monodontus. Say. Dissem. & Am. Goneh: pl. 6 : ; Mongolicus (Marga.) Mia. Sibi. erect 2M, otal agers : Monroensis. Lea. Tr. Ari, ihe See. Bs pl. Al, f. 8; Obs. iv. 37 : montanus. Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, 48 Mooresianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 39; Obs. xi. 48 Westeodaicm Depuy. eso sur les “Moll. p. 80 : : Moravicus. Jay’s Ouielloana Moreleti. Desh. Hxp. Sci. Algeria, ‘a 109 Morini. More. Test. Nov. No. 2, p. 25 Mortont. Con. Monog.pl.6,f1 . Mortonicus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 118 PAGE 63 53 50 63 45 58 INDEX OF SPECIES. Mosambicensis. J/art. Peters’ Moer. vii. 218 PAGE 63 48 48 Mosulensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 52; Obs. xi. 56 . : : Moulinsianus. Dup. Moll. de Th hence : Moussonianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. ° pl. 18, f. 22; Obs. v. 24 : : Moll. du Port. 111 . mucidus. More. mucronatus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. Muellert. Rossm. Icon. ii. pl. 40 Mihlfeldianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 12, f. 36; Obs. ii. 41 aalicleniatan, Phili. Conch. ili. 46 multiplicatus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. 4, £2; Obs. 1. 80 sonata, Deas (An. sans Vert. ad eal) multiradiatus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iii. pl. 9, f. 15; Obs. i. 48 . 5 multistriatus. Tea. Tr. Am. Ph. Ste lv. pl. 12, f. 22; Obs. i. 101 : Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 40. mundus. Tien Obs. xi. 44 . : is Murchisonianus. Lea. Tr. nen Ph. Soe. v. pl. 8, f.6; Obs. 1.145. : : Murrayensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 803; Obs. xii. 62 musivus. Speng. Skrivter Nat. Hist, v. 3 mutabilis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 248; Obs. vii. 66 mutatus. Mouss. Myersianus. Lea. 290; Obs. vi. 10 . Moll. von Java, 92 Mala. 382 . mytiloides (Uniopsis). Swain. mytiloides. Sh. & Hat. Transyl. Jl. Med. Feb. 1831 mytiloides. Raf. Ann. des Sei. Piven v. 313 mytiloides. Oon, Am. Jl. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, f. 7, and Monog., pl. 20 5 myeilede Desh. Eney. Meth. pl. 249 Nagpoorensis. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 270; Obs. vii. 88 . nana. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 16 . nana, f. S. Wood. Crag. Moll. ii. 98 Q Napeanensis. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 296 Nashvilliensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 14, f. 48; Obs. i. 212 nasuta (ja). Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 1 Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. INDEX OF SPECIES. PAGE 61 UNIO. nasuta. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 75 : nasutoides, f. Zea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1868, p. 163 ; : ‘ ‘ nasutulus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 12; Obs. xi. 16 . ‘ nasutus. Say. Nich. haar, ath Conch, Natalensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. ‘Na. Sci. vi. 59; Obs. x1. 73 . : Nathusti. Kiist. Syst. Conch Cab. fs, 92 naviculoides. Zea. Jl, Acad. Na. Sci. iv. ° 94; Obs. vi. 94 6 snc mTOR Lam. An. sans Ten vi. 15 5 navigioliformis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 245; Obs. vii. 63 nebulosus. Oh. Er. Wat. Shells, 98 negatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 76; Obs. viii. 80 ; : 6 : : neglectus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph, Soe. ix. pl. 42, f.10; Obs. iv. 388 . S 5 else Shes Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 912. Obs. vii. 80 nessorynchus. Held. Kiist,. Cones FES 116 Neusensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 60; Obs. vill. 64 ; j : : : Newcombianus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 812; Obs. vi. 82 é nexus. Say: Transyl. J. Med. iv. 1831; Am. Conch. pl.d1 5 Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sai vi. Nicaraguensis. 296; Obs. x11. 56 . ; : : Nicklinianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. Toll, TL, i hg Olos, i IO, 's 6 nigellus. Tben, NLR, Jia, JP, SOG, 2 il 24, f. 42; Obs. v. 39 . : : niger. Con. Monog. pl. 26 : niger? Raf. An. ae Sei. Phys. v. 291 nigerissimus. Lea. 5 Aim; Jn, SOs =, pl. 18, f. 23; Eee vi. 24 nigricans. itz. Sys. Vertz. 119 ; nigrinus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 24, f. 44; Obs. v. 40. ae te 5 Niloticus. Fer. Caill. Voy.a Meroé, ii. Nilssonii, f. Kock. - Beitr. zur Kenn. Ool. 18 nitens. Lea. f. 19; Obs. 111. 43 39. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. i 12, 62 UNIO. nitidens. Jer. MSS. nobilis. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei ill 997 nocturnus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 380; Obstex: 60 : nodiferus. Con. Jl. Nena Na. Sei. vill. i179, and New Ser. 1. 277 : nodosa (Mya). Hat. Zool. Text Boks nodosa (Mya). Lin. Syst. Nat. 3222 . nodosus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. : nodulatus. Con. Monog. pl. 45, f.1. nodulosa (Mya). Wood’s Conch, t. 22, f. 14 nodulosa. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 78 . Northamptonensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. Vo IMS Olos, to, I 0 Mie, Jason, Jel Soe. vi. ‘aL 8, notatus. Ten f. 22: Obs. i. 28 . Nowe: Tlolllemdt, ae ‘Bro, Zool. S00 1834 Novi-Eboraci. Lea. » An, Ph. one. vi. pl. 24, f. 114; fie: i. 104 : nubilus. ie JI. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 298 ; Obs. xii. 58 0 : 5 nucalis, f Meek & Hayden. Pro. Bead Na. Sci. Mar. 1858. é nuciformis, f. Hib. Tr. Rol.S. Bd. X1il. 245 nucleopsis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. 1. 276 nucleus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 306; Obs. vi. 26 . ‘ : nuculinus. Phili. Menkes Feels 1848, p- WG : : 9 huperus. Ziegl. MSS. 0 é Nuttallianus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei iil. 3810; Obs. vi. 80. nux. ibe Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 24, e 43; loss Fo BY o nuxpersicus. Dunk. “Menice’s Zeits 1848, Dacom Nyasse. Sow. Raswehs Gon Teor 994 Nyassaensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 83; Obs. x1. 37, obesus. Lea. ‘Tr. Aga, Ph, Son lv. Ph 13, f. 26; Obs. i. 106 : obfuscus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei, iv. 197; Obs. vii. 15 63 126 UNIO. oblatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 18; Ojpseieli/ames 6 : : E f obliqua (Mya). Wood. Index Test. Supp. pl. 2 c . ; 6 6 . obliquiradiatus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 151. obliquus. Zam. An. sans Vert. vi. 72 obliquus. Con. Monog. pl. 48, f. 2 oblitus. Zea. Note, ante, p. 64 : 6 oblongata (Mya). Wood. Index Test. Supp. fol, A 6 ¢ 6 6 : é obnubilus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 84; Obs. vi. 84 . 6 ; : i . obseurus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 3, % 09 Olos ii, % « obtusa. Fer. D’Orb. Mag. fp Bor No. 62, p.385 . c obtusa. Potier and Mich. ical ales iol é obtusa. Cuv. Reg. Anim. New Ed. pl. 92 obtusus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. ee f. 13; Obs. iii. 39 : Jl. Acad. Na. Sef. v. 398: oceatus. “Tia Obs. x. 384 . 5 occidens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, il. all 10, f. 16; Obs.1.49 . ; An. sans Vert. 2d ail, oceidens. Desh. ~ occidentalis. Con. Monog. pl. 36, f. 1 occultus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. ix. oe ih 8 Olosh ie BU a ' ochracea (Sym.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sou ii. 455; Obs. i. 69 ochracea (iBreroransT Sian. Shells of New Eng. p. 14 : ochraceus. Say. Nich. ney om Gong, Ocmulgéensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 95; Obs. vii. 99 . : Onpepeas Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. lv. and Jl. New Ser. i. 275 : 2B; olivarius. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. Ee 16, f. 38; Obs. 1. 118 : opacus. ‘Bet Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. il. 86; Obs. vi. 86 . : opalinus. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, ; p- 140 Opperti (Monoc.?) Bourg. Mag. Zool. 1856 oratus. Con. Pro, Acad. Na. Sci. iv. and Jl. New Ser. i. 276 PAGE 60 39 44 38 56 64 44 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. orbiculatus. Hild. Am. Jl. Sci. xiv. Orbignyi. Deville & Huppé. Rev. & Mag. de Zool. 1850, pl. 16, f. 1 Oregonensis. 22, f. 33; Obs. v. 31 oriens. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iv. al 6, f 5; Obs. i. 83 : orientalis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, an ll 18, f. 88; Obs. iii. 59 . : : orientalis. Fer. ae orientalis. Parr. Label . : orientalis. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. 78 ornatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 85; Obs. vii. 89 apenas " ; ; Orontesensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 838; Obs. x1. 57 é : Onphhacnsts. Lea. Ji. Acad. Na. Sik Vi. 25: Obs. xii. 10 . : orthonotus, f. Con. New oul Geol ou 1839, p. 66 . : Ortonii. Lea. JI. Acad. Na. Sei. Vi. “301. Obs. xii. 81 , Osbeckil. Philid. Conch. a 45 : ostreatus. More. Test. Nov. No.1, p. 29. Othealoogensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 74; Obs. vi. 74 ovalis (Mya). Soland. ovalis (Mya). Monta. MSS. P Test. Brit. 34 . ovalis, f. Turton. (Anthacosia, King). Man. 297, t. 2, f. 12 ovalis. Letz. Nov. Test. Geman ovata (Mysca). Turt. Man. 21, pl. 2 . ovata (diglia). Swain. Malacol. 378 ovata (Mysca). Swain. Malacol, 277 . ovata. Valen. Voy. de Humboldt ovata (Mya). Don. Brit. Shells, pl. 122 . ovata. Stud. Schweizer Conch. 30 . ovatus. Say. Nich. Ency. Am. ed. Conch. plot 7 oviformis. Con. Sh i @ 6 oxyrynchus. pachysoma. Ben. Paivanus. ore. 227 New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. Mart. Peters’ Moer. vil. 57 An. & Mag. 1862 . Jl. de Conch. 1864, p. Tea. Tr. Am. Ph. Bae. IK, sil INDEX OF UNIO. paliatus. Ravenel’s Letter . é pallens. Parr. Rossm. Icon. xi. 13 . pallescens. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl.7, f. 20; Obs. iv. 53 : F : : pallidofulvus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 83; Obs. vill. 87 : : : ; paludicolus. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Aug. 1845. 6 paludosus. More. Test. Nov. No. i, “30 Panacoensis. Philii Conch.i.75 . : papyraceus. Gould. Bost. Jl. Nat. Hist. Aug. 20, 1845 paradoxus, f. Fisch. Bronn’s Leth. Geog. Paraguayensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 271; Obs. xii. 31 é 6 : . parallelopipedon. Zea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vy. pl. 8, f. 20; Obs. i. 172 : parallelus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. I 5 6 parallelus, f. Sow. Geol Tr. 2 Ser. v. t 89, £8 Pananaeiienetet Lea. oh Ace Na. Sei. a. 60; Obs. xi. 64 : F : 6 Paranensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 14, f.42; Obs. 1.211 . ‘ Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. vi. 262 parcus. Tleges Obs. xii. 22 : 0 0 : parma. Bens. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 514 , Parreyssi. Phil. Conch.ii.81 . : parvulus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 45; Obs. xi. 49 . : ; 6 parvus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. 1823 Patagonicus. D’Orb. Voy. So. Am. pl. 70 patelloides. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 883; Olas, x 19. : patulus. Lea. Tr. Net Ph. Sos ill. all 12) f. 20; Obs.1.55 . : 0 paulus. ion Tr. Am. Ph. Sobr viii. Ph 15, f. 29; Obs. i. 51 paupereuls Lea. J\. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 99; Obs. viii. 103 5 ; ; Pawensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sai vi. "302: Obs. xii. 62 ; Pazii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sef vi. 61; Obs. xi, 95 . PAGE 51 39 SPECIES. UNIO. Pearlensis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. Jan. RO), USD 5 . : : : ; $ pectitus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. 11. 297 . pectorosus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 6, Lev vate peculiaris. Lea. Obs. xii. 25 : é : 0 6 Peguensis. Anth. Am. Jl]. Conch. i. 351 . pellis-lacerti. More. Jl. de Conch. 1865 pellucidus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 2, f. 6; Obs. iv. 44 . : Porat eatin, Bourg. Rev. as Mag. 1865 penicillatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 203; Obs. vu. 21 . penitus. Con. if I penultimus, f. Gadd. lxeont. 1. 182 ‘ Pequottinus. Linsley. Asie, Th Sci. 1845, p. 277 et Lea. Jl. heat Na. Sei. v. 384; Ojstxer2 0 percoarctatus. Lea. 59; Obs. vill. 63 0 : jocmobix, Jiem, lbie, Aion, 1210, Soo. V. al iil, f. 31; Obs. i. 184 peregrinus, f. Phil. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 265; New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 5 Wer Se Calif Pp dill, Nea Wa, Sel. Vv. Geol. Woukwhive, 115 perlatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 15; Olas, sai, 1 . atte ; : j perlucens. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 18; Obs. xi. 22 permiscens. Lea. Jl. Aga Na. Sel. Vv. 102; Obs. vi. 106. ; Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, X. 818; pernodosus. Obs. iv. 45 . . : perobliquus. Con. Cover of No. 9, Memes, | and Monog. 51 : : 5 ; perovalis. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. WPA 6 0 ; 0 : 5 perovatus. Con. Am. Jl. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, Be, Ss : 5 6 6 : : perpastus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 69; Obs. vill. 73 : : : : ; perpictus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 350; Obs. vill. 32 43 44 128 UNIO. perplexus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. 17, £42; Obs. i. 122 ‘ perplicatus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. viii. 178, New Ser. 276 Sei. 1. and 1. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. perpurpureus. Lea. 46; Obs. xi. 50 pemiedliotinst Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. ia Wo 66; Obs. vii. 70 personatus. — Say. Dieserne 1829 i 5 perstriatus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. Be IA, i, Be Oloss Wo ial persulcatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei lv. 265: Obs. vii. 73 . pertenuis. Lea. Obstexil2ee Jl. Aol, Na. Sek, te 8. An. sans Vert. vi. 71. Peruviana. . Lam. petrinus. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. N. Hist. Aug. 1855 petrosus, f. Mort. Am. Jl. Sei. XX1X. p. 149 PAGE 84 29 48 Petrovichit. Kiist. Syst. Conch. ix. 98 Petterianus. iist. Syst. Conch.ix.97 . Pfeifteri. Dunker. Menke’s Zeits. 1848, p._ WSs : : : ; 6 : phaselus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 297; Obs. vi. 17 . : : 6 6 phaseolus. Hild. Am. Jl. Sci. xiv. . 0 phaseolus, f. Sow. Trans. Geol. Soc. 2d Ser. v.. 0 : 0 0 Phillipsi. Con. Monog. pl. v. f 1 Phillipsu, f. Welliams. Phil. Mag. ix. 351 Philippii. Dup. Extra Gall. Test. Cat. 1849 Pianensis. Farines. An. Se. Nat. 2d Ser. i. 118 . 6 : Pianensis, fi. S. ood Crag. piceus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Obs. x. 15 : é é 5 : pictorum. eetz. Nova Test. Genera, 111. pictorum. Zam. An. sans Vert. vi. 77 pictorum (Mya). Forskal. Desc. Animalium, 128 Moll. ii. 98 . Sci. v. 879; pictorum tenuis a). Chem. Conch. Cab. vi. 7 : : : 4 pictorum (Mya). Ghats Conch. Cab. vi. 7 pictorum. Moll. France, pl. 2 Drap. 47 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. pictorum (Mya). Lin. Syst. Nat. 1112 pictorum (Mysca). Turt. Manual, 20 pictus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. oe 11, f. 32; Obs, i. 185 6 piger. ee Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 387; Obs. OX 2D: pilaris. Lea. Tr. Asm, Ph. Soe. vat “ak 14, 1B abe Olos, im, 47g pilatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Obs. xii. 41 ptleus. Lea. f. 47; Obs. 1. 129 . pimax. Bor, An. and Mag. 1362 : : pinguis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 78; Olos Wie 7 o - o pinguis, f. Sand. Conch. dles Wiinre, t. 98, EO 3 piscinalis. Zieyl. Rossin, Treo, Si 28 : placitus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 33, f. 88; Obs. v. 85. : : slelosoan, Ben. An. and Me, 1862 plancus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. Obs. vill. 85 5 : planicostatus. Lea. Jl. Aon Np, Sci lv. 804; Obs. vill. 36 : ; sllenflletiom, Con. Monog. pl. 57, f. 1 planior. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 316; Obstet /76r. planivalvis. More. planus. Stud. Sci. va. 28% 81; Test. Nov. No. 2, 24 . Schweiz. Conch. 30 planus. Barnes. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. planus, f. Romer. Nord. Ool. pl.5 . Planti. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. iv. ee Obs. vii. 10 platyrhynchus. platyrhynchoides. Test. 6 : o : . . plectophorus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na, Sci. i. 277 plenus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 14, f. 26; Obs. iii. 49 ‘ : ; plexus. Ohno. Monog. pl. 49, f. 12 plicata (Mya). Hat. Zool. Text Book plicatus. Lesuewr. Say. Nich. ae Art. Am. Conch. : é plicatus. Con. Rossm. ‘team, f 130. 5 Dup. Cat. Extra Gall. Monog. pl. 65 Tr. Am. Ph. Sc, lv. il 18, . PAGE 59 09 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. plicatulus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 247; Obs. vil. 65 . : pliciferus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph, Sea, vi. ak 11, i 538 Olos, wh OG - : plombarius. Villa. Cat. Moll. Teonatbs 62 . Poeyanus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 315; Obs. vi. 85 . politus? Say. Synopsis; Am. Conch No. 6 politus. Con. Monog. pl. 87, f. 2 ‘ ponderosa (Mya). Soland. Dill. Des. Cat.i.51 ponderosus. Spitz. Kiist. 88, pl. 23 Popeit. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. iv. 372; Obs. viii. 54 porphyreus. Lea. Obs. vi. 84 ; : : : porrectus, f. Sow. Min. Conch. 189 . 0 porrectus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 296 . Postellii, Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 214; Obs. iv. 82. 6 é 0 4 0 Poulsoni. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, 25 Powellii. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. ns akg, “18 BWDs Olos, wo 20 « : : 0 sae acne Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. prelonga (Mya). Wood. Index Test. Sup. jal, Wt : prasinatus. Con. iy Jl. Candn i. 279 : prasinus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. " f. 1; Monog. pl 44 : Jl. Acad, Na. Sci. iv. 206; Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 80; Prattii. Lea. Obs. iv. 24 . ; preciosus. er. en ae : ; ; pressus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iii. pl. 12, f. 22; Obs. 1. 64; Pro. Am. Ph. Soe. ii. 237 6 : 5 ; 3 : Prevostianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 19, £ 24; Obs. v. 25 : primigenius, f. Oso. New York Geol. State Report, 1839, p. 66 priscus, f. Meck and Hayden. Na. Sci. June, 1856 ; problematicus, f, (Cardinia, D’Ord.) K iia zur Geol. Kennt. 265 : Pro. Acad. productus. Con. Monog. al 14, te iL. : productus. Mouss. Shells of Java, 93, t. 17, i, & ® « ys) PAGE 9 32 | UNIO. procchus. Bourg. Rey. et Mag. Zool. profugus.. Gould. U.S. Exp. Exp. 429 propinquus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 63; Obs. vil. 67 6 : 6 6 : proprius. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 256; Obs. xii. 16 ; : : : F protensus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 206; Obs. xii. 16 6 : 0 ; 0 proximus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 20, f. 27; Obs. v. 27 : pruinosus. Schmidt. Bull. Im. Sea, Nat, Hist. of Moscow? pruneosus. Ziegl. MSS. 0 : prunoides. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. vi. 828 Obs. xii. 83 : Prusii. Bourg. Rev. de oe 1856 . D’Orb. Voy: Am. Mer. pl. 71 psammoicus. psammactinus. Bronn. Phili. Conch. 11. 79 psoricus. More. Test. Nov. No. 2,25 . pudicus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 346; Obs. viii. 28 0 : : Pugio. Ben. An. and Mag. 1862; and Reeve, 516 . . : pulchellus. er. aos : ‘ : pulcher. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. a 3, i 8 Olos, Tl, Go pullatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei iv. BT: Obs. vi. 57 . 0 pullus. Con. Monog. 100. . pulvinulus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 8, f, 24; Obs. tv. 55 pumilis, Ziegl MSS. . : pumilus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. 1, ab 8 loss wl, AS ; rnin, Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 961; Ojos, san, Wil ; : puniceus. Hald. Jl. Acad. Na. Salk viil. 501 purpurascens (An.) Swain. Zool. Ill. pl. 160 purpurascens. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 73. purpuratus. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 71 . purpurea (An.) Valen. Humboldt’s Voy. pl. 48, bis : : , ; : purpurea (Mya). Hat. Text Book ; purpurellus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci.iv. 198; Obs. vil. 16. : : : 129 PAGE 59 o4 BE 45 60 45 130 UNIO. purpureus. purpuriatus. Say. Dissem. 1831 purus. vill. 65 pusillus. Lea. Tr. Den, ii ‘Soe. vill. Ph 18, f. 86; Obs. ii. 58 rustle 16 We Oost, I) a pustulata. Swain. Malveol OTL : pustulosus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. Pet 1 (63 lash b Slo" : Pybasii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 67; Obs. vil. 71 ; pygmeeus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soa, 5, a 15, f. 14; Obs. v. 18 . ; apaimafidletine, Jb@tis big, Ja\ata, Ph. a0, lv. joll, WG, 18 BOS Olosh ts IW 5 : Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 69; snyattdormaat, Den. Obs. vi. 69 . é : : 0 quadrans. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 360; Obs. vii. 42 é quadratus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sel lv. 338; Obs. vill. 20 quadratus. eeve. Conch. ifeorm, quadrilaterus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 5; Obs. xi. 9 : duadnuie Say. Am. onc. al 53 . : radians. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 201; Obs. vil. 19 radiata (Mya). radiata (Mya). radiatoides, f. Lea. 1868, p. 163 . Hild. Am. Jl. Sei. Vo 286 Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3920 Wood. Gen. Conch. 109 radiatus. radiatus. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 73 radula. Ben. Hanley’s Supp. to Wood Raeénsis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 331; Obs. vill. 18 6 Rajahensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, viii. Ph DB, J HS2 Ooh tt 00 Raleighensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. vi. 6. Olost st, 10 Rangianus. Lea. 18, f. 26; Obs. 11. 95 rariplicata. iba. An. sans Ver. vi. iat Say. Nich. Eney. Am. Conch. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 61; Obs. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sen, lv. ol 1 Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. A. al INDEX OF PAGE 51 64 43 48 33 34 Bis) 45 SPECIES. UNIO. rarisulcata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 72 rasus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 5; Obs. xi. 54, in errata. Should follow Mosul- ensis . : : é ; é ; Raveneli. Con. New Fr. Water Shells, 389 Rayenelianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 8, f. 5; Obs. 1. 144 . sayriisilllos, More. Test. Nov. No. il, p- 29 Ravoisierl. Desh. Exp. Sci. de PAlg. 108 recta. Valen. Humboldt’s Voy. 234 . recta (Ligumia). Swain. Malacol. 878 . rectilinearis. Sow. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 332 rectus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 74 : Reeveianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 20, f. 28; Obs. v. 28 i refleaa? Raf. Ann. des Sci. Bye 7 v. 306 reflecus. Con. Monog. pl.4,f1 . refulgens. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 317; Obs. xii. 77 . 6 regularis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sino, vii alk 29, f.59; Obs. 1. 81 . ere cama chmidt. Drap. Moll. 11 Requienit. Mich. Suppl. pl. 16 retusus. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 72 retusus. Held. Isis, 1836, p. 282 Retz. Kiist. ? : ; Reyniesii. Mich. Grat. Moll. 47 rhombeus. Wag. Test. Braz. pl. 28 . rhombium (Diplodon). Spix. Test. Braz. pl. 28 : : : : 3 rhomboidea Geo Schrot. FHluss. pl. 2 rhomboideus. Ward. MSS. : : rhombula. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 74 rhuacoicus. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. e 36; and Voy. Am. Mer. : Riddellii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 198; Obs. ix. 20 . ; ridibundus. Say. Am. Georcth, a é. rigida? (MM, ya). Wood. Index Test. Supp. f. 10 ; : 5 ; : riparia. Pfeif. Land and §. Moll. 118 rivicolus. Con. Am. Jl. Conch. iv. 280. rivularis. Oon. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 296 . Roanokensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 8, f. 21; Obs. ii. 27 PAGE ol INDEX OF UNIO. Roanokoides, f. Zea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sei. 1868, p. 164 : robustus, f. Sow. Geol. Trans. od Sep. Vv. 39 Roisyi. Michaud. Compl. de Drap. 112 Romer, f. Dunk. Mon. Weald. pl. 11, f. 9 Ronsii. Dup. Grat. Cat. Test. Coll. . rosaceus. Dekay. Moll. N. York, 192 rosaceus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. and dill th, BIS) : ; : ; rostratus. (Stud. Schweizer’s Conch. 30 rostratus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 77 rostratus. Valen. Cuy. R. An. pl. 92 tostratus, f. S. Wood. Crag. Moll. 11.98 . rostriformis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iy. 64; Obs. vi. 6£ . rostrum. Lea. Obs. ix. 23 . Roswellensis. Lea. 205; Obs. iv. 23 . Rothi. Bours Rey. et Mag. 1868, 16 rotundatus. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 75 . rotunda? (Mya) Wood. Ind. Test. Hd. 1 & Kd. 2,4, 1 rotundus. Wag. (Deaton, Sine) “Test. Braz. pl. 26 : Rousii. Dup. Moll. Thence pl. 28 awl Cat. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 201; Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Rouxu, f. Nowl. Grat. Moll. 48 Ronwalln, Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. iv. 256; Obs. vii. 74 : F rubellinus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sa, iv. 70; Obs. vi. 70 . 3 rubellus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, all 6, £2 rubens. Menke. Synop.2d Ed. 149 . : tubidus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 95; Obs. viii. 99 s : ‘ : rubiginosus. Lea. . Am. Ph. Soe. iii. jal, Gy a Op ee i. a i ; rubra? Raf. Dasa, des Sci. Phys. v. 314. rudis. Con. Monog. pl. 438, f. 1 : rudus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 266; Obs. vil. 34 é : rufofuscus. Lea. Jl. Avent Na. Sl vi. 282: Obs. xii. 42 3 rufus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Stel lv. 85. Obs. vi. 85 . PAGE 42 SPECIES. UNIO. rufusculus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl.14, 55 Obs yo « 5 rugatus. Menke. Synopsis Mott 90 rugosa. Poir. Hist. de l’Aisne rugosa (Mya). Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3222; at. Zool. Text Book, 216 . : rugosa (‘Triquetra). Weg, Test. Brazil, al. 29 rugososulcatus. i 266; Obs. xii. 26 : 3 rugosus. Bar. Am. J]. Sci. vi. . rugosus. Anton. Verz. der Conch. . Rumphianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 22, f. 34; Obs. v.32 . : Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. il. 294: oh Acad: Na. Sei. A. wustiaus Doe Obs. vi. 14 . ; Rutersvillensis. Zea. Jl. Weak Ne. Se, frp, 856; Obs. vill. 38 : ; rutilans. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei iv. 59; Obs: vi. 59 . : sacculus. Anth. Am. Jl. Olsinath. 1865, | p. 157 Sagert. Con. Monog. pl. 29 sagitteeformis. Lea. pl. 22, f. 85; Obs. v. 33 ; Dea Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 298. sagittarius. Obs. vi. 18 . : sagrinatus. Sow. Reeve’s Gand, Teen 345 Saladoensis. ea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 870; Obs. vill. 52 : aalebegene: Lea. J\. Acad. Na. Se. lv. 832. Obs. viii. 14 ‘ Sampsonii. Lea. Jl. Acad. ‘Na. Sci. v. 192; Obs. ix. 14 . d Sandrii. Vill. Cat. Moll. iommardia Sapotalensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. oll, Bal, ae, 45/3 Olosy sbi, Wl = : ; Satillaensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 216; Obs. vil. 84 : Ghhe, Asia, 1Pct, Sa, 5 XG jal ‘11, f satur. Tee 19; Obs. vy. 21 Soulled (Marg.) Bourg. Wow: Mer Mort. pl. 8, f. 1—3 : Sayamnalenste. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ap 81; Obs. vi. 81. saxeus. Con. Monog. pl. 60, 2 1 hte, Agim; In, SOG, sx, UNIO. saxulum, f. Mort. Am. Jl. Sci. xxix. 149 Sayii. Tappan. Am. Jl. Sci. xxxv. pl. 3, epi s aa : ; ; 0 6 6 scalenta. Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 809 Scamnatus. J/ore. Test. Nov. No. 1, p.30 Schlegeli.. Mart. Peters’ Moer. vu. 55 Schooleraftii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 8, f. 9; Obs. i. 149 : : Schwerzenbachii. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. TSO, Ys TAL o 5 : : : : scitulus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 342; Obs. vii. 22. 0 Scobina. Ben. Hanley’s Shona, 6 scobinatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. a il. 299. Obs. va. 19 . F scutulatus. ore. Test. Now No. iL, Dp: 30 scutum. Ben. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 510 . securtformis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Jl. i. 27 securis. Lea. MUine deans Jeli fSYeXes vob, yok, ILIL, i l/s Olost i, Hil - : : : : Conch.i.19 . semigranosus. Phil. ; semiplicatus. Zroschel. Wieg. Arch. 1841, p. 180. 0 0 é . semiquadratus. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 258 6 : : : 0 semirugatus. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 76 . Seneltensis. Gass. Grateloup. Moll. de la France, 45 . ; : : 0 . Sennaariensis. iist. Mal. Blat. 1867 seriatus. Parr. Fauna Dalmatiens, by Frau- w enfeld, 1856 ; : 6 6 Shanghaiensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 242; Obs. vil. 60 ; 5 : : Shepardianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe: v. joi UB 16 Be Olesy LO" : Show clio These, Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 73; Obs. viii. 77 ; : Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ie Shurtleffianus. Zea. 802; Obs. vi. 22 . ; ; : : Shuttleworthii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 804; Obs. vi. 24 . Siamenerel Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. vi. 279. Obs. xii. 89 sicula (Potomida). Swain. Welles 949 PAGE INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. Sikkimensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 251; Obs. vil. 69 stliquoidea (Lampsitlis). New England, 14 ea siliquoideus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. . similis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 91; Obs: vi. 91. 6 simonis. Trist. Pro. Tool Sa, 1865 : simplex. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 5, f. 15; Obs. iv. 50 . simus. tee ise Atmel: Soo. vi. ail 8, f 20; Obs. ii. 26 sinuata (Potamida). Swain. Malacol. 379 sinuata? Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 70 sinuatus (Marg.) Stud. Schweizer’s Conch. 30 : 3 5 6 6 4 Sitifensis. AMJore. Jl. de Conch. 1851 Sloatinus. Lea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. IG Winso nObsailinooye. . : An. and Mag. 1862 Stimp. Shells of smarag Rise Ben. Smithii. Gray. Griffith’s Cuvier, xii. pl. 20, f. 3 : 5 ; b , : Solandri, f. Sow. ae Conch. t. 6, p. 29 soleniformis. Lea. 5 AND, IP, OCs IVa oll, WO), 3% alee He 1, Of : solida (lea) Turt Manual, 22, a 2 solida. Vill. Cat. Moll. Tora 10 F solidulus. Phil. Mal. Blat. 1869, p. 45 . solidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 5, f.18; Obs. 11.18 . Solisiana. D’Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. sl 69 sordidus. Zea.. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 12, f. 1; Obs. v. 10 : : : : Sowerbianus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. folk KO) st ASE Olos, i, Ws : spadiceus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 5, Obs. viii. 59 sparsus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. So: vill. Pl 25, f. 58; Obs. iii. 80 : sparus. ile, Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. "306; Obs. xii. 66 : 5 spatulatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. San, x. 8, f. 22; Obs. iv. 54 i b speciosus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 207; Obs. ix. 29 . INDEX OF UNIO. sphericus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 319; Obs. xii. 79 . : 6 : 0 : spheniopsis. J/ore. Test. Nov. No.1, p. 29 Spilman. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 98; Obs. viii. 102 3 . Spinelli. Villa. Cat. Moll. Lombar. . spinosus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. a 16, f. 50; Obs. 11. 57 . : Spissus. ibaa, Jl. Acad. Na. Sel. vil. 208; Obs. vil. 26 . : splendens, f. Goldf. Petr. i. 182 ; : splendidus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 19, f. 61; Obs. i. 70 : j spuria ih ya). Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3222 spuria. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 80. ' squalidus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 22; Obs. xi. 26 . : é ; : : squameus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 200; Obs. 1x. 22 . : stabilis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. on Vv. 11, Obs. vill. 75 : Staffinensis, f. iatetice, Geol. il, Uy eo 5, f.5 stagnalis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. Jl. i. 275 stapes. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sine. lv. tik 7, if 8; Obs. 1. 87 : : Con. Monon: i 46, f es Steveniana. Arynicki. Bull. de Moscau . Stewardsoni. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 23, f. 36; Obs. v.34 . : Siomenets, Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vii. ail S16 He Olos, wu Bs) stramineus. Con. Am. Jl. Sas XXV. pl 1, f. 6, and Monog. pl. 50 ‘ Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 318; stegarius. Sine Lea. Obs. xii. 78 . : striatissimus. Anth. nee J Il. Mine Conche 7 156 : ; ; é 3 striatulus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 55; Obs. vii. 59 : striatus, f. Goldf. Base | i. 182, Leth. : : striatus. Lea. Tr. Gime Ph. dos, viil. al 12, f. 16; Obs. ii. 41 Siocon iG Jello 34 Bronn. Jl. Geol. ‘See. ae , 40 66 SPECIES. UNIO. strictiplicatus, f MNouwl. Grat. Moll. 48 strigosus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 9, f. 9; Obs. i. 36 é Sener Aah d An. Reeve’s Genah, Tea 981 suavidicus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. 11. 309; Obs: vi. 29 . : : j : : subangulatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vii. pl. 18, f 28; Obs. ii. 47 : sotveonatiioting, £ Sow. Min. Conch. t. 33, OB o é j subcroceus. Con. Jl. ‘New Na. Sei, 4 297 subellipsis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 62; Obs. vi. 62 . , : ‘ 5 ; subflavus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 90; Obs. vi. 90 . ; ‘ subgibbosus. Lea. Jl. Agail Na. aij iv. pl. 6, £. 86; Obs. vi. 58 sib issue Jer, Wie, Jan, Jeol, Sia v. ah 2 f.3; Obs. i. 142 . : ; : : subinflatus. Con. Monog.97 . ; , sublatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 82; Obs. vi. 82 . : ; : ‘ : subniger. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 196; Obs. vi. 14 . : : : : suborbiculata. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 81 subovatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. 18, £46; Obs. 1. 128 : ; subovatus. Desh. ae : : subplanus. Con. Monog. pl. 41, f1. subporrectus, f. Rim. Nord. Ool. pl. 5 subreniformis. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1865 subrostratus. Say. Dissem. 1831 ; subrotundioides, f. Zea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1868, p. 163 ‘ : : : : subrotundus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iy. pl 185 £45; Obs. 1. 127 subrugosus, f. Math. Cat. . subsinuatus, f. Koch. & Dunk. a7 te Cae subspatulatus, ft Mech & Hay ace ‘Bio, Aon, Na. Sci. 1857, p. 146 . ‘ substriatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ili. 30; Obs. vi. 20 . 6 subtentus. Say. Jl. Acad. ‘Na. Se Vv. nil Am. Conch. pl. 16 : ; Beitr. pl. 7, 133 PAGE 66 52 134 UNIO. subtetragona. Mich. Conch. Drap. pl. 16 . subtetragonus, f. S. Wood. Crag. Moll. 1. 98 subtortus. Baird & Ad. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1867 subtrapezius. Phili. Conch. ii. 80 subtriangularis, f. (Pachyodon). Brown. An. Nat. Hist. xii. pl. 16 subtrigonus, f. Desh. Bronn’s Urw. Ranh subtrigonus. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 292 subtruncatus, f. it. Sow. Tran. Geol. S. iv. 178 : : : : ; : subtumidus. D’Orb. Prod. Paleeon. ii. 806 succissus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 21, f. 82; Obs. v. 31. : ‘ . : sudus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 194; Obs. vil. 12. i sulcatus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Ss6, lil. bh 8. f. 12; Obs. 1.44 . sulcatus, f Kichw. Petersburg Bil. vii. suleidens. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 77 5 Sumatrensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 239; Obs. vii. 57 : 6 Sumatrensis. Dunk. Zeits. 1852 . superbus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. pl. 42, f. 11; Obs. iv. 89 : : : suprajurensis, f. Rim. Oolith. 35 Swainsoni. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 396 Swerzenbackit. Bourg. Rey. et Mag. Zool. 1856. 3 : : 2 : : Swinhoei. H. Adams. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1866; Reeve’s Conch. say 232 2 symmetricus. Lea. » Awan, 1B, (Sexe, 5x. pl. 4, £ 11; Obs. iv. “at : ‘ Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 56; Syriacus. Lea. Obs. xi. 60 . . Tabascoensis. Phili. ubi ? ; 6 teniatus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, 26. Taitianus. Lea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 4, f. 11; Obs. i. 151 : F : Tampicoensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. TG 1 2 JUSS Ooty, tity 4b 6 Tappanianus. Thee Abie, Ja\san, JPM, See vi. pl. 17, £55; Obs. iii. 62 Taumilapanus. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. Jan. 80, 1855 PAGE 54 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. Tavoyensis. Gould. Pro. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1848 : : : : : : Tecomatensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. folle All, te 42339 Olos, wl, WA tellinarius, f. Goldf. Petrif. 1. 180 . : tenebricus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 83; Obs. vi. 83 . c tenebrosus. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. i, fel au ae tener. ea. Tr, sen, rhe Son, ¢ viii. ph 10, f. 10; Obs. iii. 36 0 c . tenerus. ‘Baw, Ravenel’s Cat. . : Tennesseensis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. oll, WO) 3% ile Olos, wo, BY 3 : tenuis (Dipsas). Gray. Griffith’s Cuvier, xi. pl. 24, f 2 9 : 3 tenuissimus (Symph.) Jia, We, Jaa, JPIn, SHOES wei, Foll, hil, af, Mile Oost, 1, G7 testudineus. Face Test. Nov. No.1, p. 28 teres? Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 321 teres. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, pl. 7, f. 2 teretiusculus. Phil. Conch. iii. 45 : terminalis. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. Ue 3, f. 4 terrenus, f. Jor t tesserule. Lea. Asn, Jl. Stl XX1X. P- 149 Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 40; ? Obs. xi. 44 . : . : é ; testudinarius. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. iii. tetralasmus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 23 Tea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 195: tetricus. Qos, vat, 1B ; Texasensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei, ly. B59. Obs. vill 41 : ; An. & Mag. 1862 Theca. Ben. , , Thorntonii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 38; Obs. xi. 42 . Z Thwaitesii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Ses, lv. 946: Obs. vii. 64 3 5 Tientsinensis. Crosse & Dev. Pro, Pork Soc. iS Gigguie ; 3 ; : : : Tigridis. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. pl. 4,7 . Tigris. Fer. MSS. in Mus. at Paris . Topekaensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 813; Obs. xii. 73 torsa. Raf. Ann. des Sci. Phys. v. 311 PAGH ol 50 66 45 44 44 44 43 56 INDEX OF UNIO. tortivus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. a 12, f. 17; Obs. iii. 42 : tortuosus. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na, Se. er 1865: Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 286; Obs. xii. 46 : ‘ : : : : tortuosus. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon, 330 Toulouzanii, f. Mathe. Cat. 169 : trabalis. Bien, New Fr. Water Shells, oT; and Monog. pl. 60, fi 2 é transversalis, f. J. de Sump Grat. Moll. 48 transversus, f. Brown. An. N. Hist. xii. t. IG 358 ; : : : ; trapezoides. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. iy. pl. 3, ie le Olos, iw, 7 : : : Ariane alanis. Bar. Am. Jl. Sch vi. ‘sera xO, Ben. An. & Mag. 1862 . trifidus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 386; Obstae 220 : trigonus. Say. Am. Coma No. 6 6 trigonus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. ant f. 40; Obs. i. 120 : trigonus, ‘3 Rim. Nord. Ool. 213, 1836 . trigonus, f. Kock. 1837, pl.1,f.2 . F Lea, Jl. Am. Na. Sci. v.86; Obs. trinacrus. viii. 90 : : : 6 ; : tripartitus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 57; Obs. x1. 61 . Tripolitanus (Monoc.) Baur ge Voy. Mer. Mort. pl. 4, f. 10, 12 . 0 c triradiata. ciTVensooma? at Paris . trirostris. Ben. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 331 tristis. More. Moll. du Port. 107 Troostii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 10, f. 30; Obs. i. 183 ‘ 5 é : Troschelianus. Lea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 23, f. 839; Obs. v. 36 : trossulus. Lea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. ix. ph 40, f. 6; Obs. iv. 36 . : c truncatus. Say. Am. Conch. al 67 . truncatus. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. ii. truncatus. Swain. Zool. Ill. 2d Ser. 1. pl. 10 truncatosus. Potier. Gall. des Moll. i1. 158 truncatosa, f. Mich. Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 80 . tuberculata? Raf. AN des ae Bhat Wo 308 PAGE SPECIES. UNIO. Zool. Text Book tuberculata (Mya). Hat. tuberculatus. Con. Monog. pl. 22 . tuberculatus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. 125. tuberculosa. Valen. Humboldt’s Voyage, We. 0 6 ; : : ; : tuberosus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 14, f 25; Obs. 11. 48 . tumescens. ie Tr. Am. Ph. S00, i: “iL 3, f. 7; Obs. iv. 45 . sposatidhns, Retz. Nova Test. Gane & Tass, ol, 7 tumidus, f. Sow. Tr. Geol. Sig, 1837 jamins dling: Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. 11. 295; Obs. vi. 15 . : : 6 5 : tumulatus, f Mort. Am. Jl. Sci. xxix. 149 Tuomeyi. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 18, f. 4; Obs. v. 12 ; : : : turgida, f. (Carbonicola). McCoy. Brown (Pachyodon). An. N. Hist. xii. t. 16, 246 13} : turgidulus. Lea. Obs. viii. 66 : : ; : : turgidus. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 5, f. 11; Obs. 11.11. 3 ; Turtonii. Payr. Cat. Moll. Come! 65 uber. Con. Am. Jl. Conch. 1.279 . Uharéensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 804; Obs. xii. 63 : umbonatus. Bourg. Rev. ot Mag. 1865 Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 62; umbonatus, f. Misch. Bull. de Nat. 1840 . umbonatus. Rossm. Icon. i. 36 : umbrans. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 72; Obs: vic 72). umbrosus. Lea. Jl. Naa Na. Si lil. _ Sls Obs. vi. 31. F : : undatus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. 1823, p. 121. : undulatus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. : undulatus. Desh. ——? undulatus. Say. Am. Conch. ni 16 undulatus (Warg.) Say. Nich. Eney. Am. Ed. Art. Conch. unicolor. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, x oT 4, f. 12; Obs. iv. 48 : : aiterants f. Sow. Min. Goncht 1. 83 Urii, f. Flem. Brit. Ani. 417 . 136 UNIO. Uruguayensis. Lea, Jl. Aca. Na. Sci. v. 388: Obs. x. 24 . ‘ ae ouluet Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soo. xe wl 1, f. 8; Obs. iv. 48 . Valdensis, f. Mant. Sow. M. Gondh, a 646 Valdivianus. Phili. Mal. Blatt. 1869, p. 48 Valentinus. Rossm. Icon. i. 87 : vallatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 315; Obs. xii. 75 ; j 3 : : Vanuxemii. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 11, f. 81; Obs. ii. 86 3 variabilis (Mya). Mat. Linn. Trans. x. varicosus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iv. pl. 11, f 20; Obs.i1.100 . varicosus (Mar g.) Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 78 Vaughanianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 3,85; Obs: 11.5: . velaris. Ben. Hanley’s Des. Cat. all, 93, if 49 velatus. Con. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. 11. 298 vellicatus. Reeve. Conch. Icon. velum. Say. Dissem. 1829 : : ventricosa (Mya). Soland. MSS. See Lis- ter, pl. 155 . ventricosa (Lampsilis). Stimp. Shells New England, 14 : 5 ventricosus. Dost, An. sans Wor, 2d Ed, vi. 538 : : i : : ventricosus. Say. Am. Conch. pl. 82 ventricosus. Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. . Conch. Icon. 235 Bronn. Cat. 149 ventricosus. Reeve. ventricosus, f. Bowil. ventrosus. Kiist. (Gane ; : : venustus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 2, f. 4; Obs. 11. 4 ; : : ; venustus. More. Jl. de Conéh. 1866 Veracruzensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 820; Obs. xi. 80 j Veree- Doli Trist. Pro. Zool. Shoe. 1863 . verecundus. Gould. Wilkes’ U.S. Explor. Exp. xu. 431 Verreauxianus. Lea. Jl. vi. S01 Obs: val 22): VerTUcosa. Weller. TEtonntalehily Wage di ll. 234 verrucosa (Mya). Hat. Zool. Text Book verrucosus. Bar. Am. JI. Sci. vi. Acad. Na. Sci. PAGE 46 46 66 64 ay) 34 46 56 B34 2 OD ew oo cv oO He HR C9 INDEX OF SPECIES. UNIO. PAGE verrucosus, var. b. Barnes. Am.Jl. Sci. vi. 838 verrucosus albus. Say. Synopsis in Am. Conch. No. 6 33 verrucosus albus. Hild. Am. ii Sa Xlv. 981 34 verrucosus purpureus. Hild. Am. Jl. Sci. Xiy. 281 : : : 34 versus. ea. See note, ante, p. 46 46 verus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 88; Obs. vill. 87 : : 3 ; : o oS verutus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 335; Obs. viii. 17 : ; 57 Vescoi. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool Pl 9, f.4-8 . ; . 46 vestitus. Lea. Jl. Ani Na. Sh Vv. 189; Obs. ix. 11. 3 : : : . 50 vetusta. f. Meek Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. July, 1860 . ; ; : : 66 vibex. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, 31 48 vicinus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 61; Obs. vi. 61 . P : ; : > Vignonana. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 120 32 vindiflavus. Kiist. ? 0 é . 59 violaceus. Speng. Skriv. Nat. Hist. iii. Mag. Zool. 1835 . . . : . Ol virens. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 80; Obs. vi. 80 . : . 52 virescens. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. iv. 341; Obs. vill. 23 : 6 42 Virginiana, Lam. An. sans Wor. vi. iD . 44 viridans. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 337; Obs. vil. 19 : ‘ 5 62 viridicatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. Ie SM Obs. vi. 87 . : . 52 viridiradiatus. Lea. Jl. ead Na. Sai lv. 336; Obs. vin. 18 é : 60 viridis. Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, Pl 9, feed a 62 viridulus. Lea. “ai Aiea ‘Na. Si vi. 10; Obs. x1. 14 . .- 58 vitreus. Stenz. Rossm. Icon. 48 vittatus. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 249. Obs. vil. 67 j : 35 Voltzu, f. Koch. & Dunk. einae Zur Kenntniss, pl. 7, f.38 . 5 66 vulgaris. Stab. Moll. di Lugano 59 INDEX OF UNIO. Waccamawensis. Zea. vi. 16; Obs. xi. 20 : Walteri, f. dant. Bronn. Goll 1, 313 Wardii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 187; Obs. ix. 9 -. : ; : ; Watereensis. Zea. See note ante, p. 53 . Weldonensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 11; Obs. xi. 15 Wetzeleri, f. Dunk. Pictet’s Traite, i. 529 Wheatleyanus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iii. 808; Obs. vi. 28 . P P Whireianwe, Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Sas x. pl. 14, f. 8; Obs. v. 14 é : Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 256. “Willson Tens Obs. vil. 74 . ; 5 ; Woodwardianus. Lea. Jl. News i. Sci. Wo We Olos, wits UY 5 Woolwichii. More. Moll. de Boies 105 Wrightu. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 283; Obs. xii. 43 ; ; j ‘ : Wymanii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 381; Obs. x. 17 : ; : : P W ynegungaensis. fea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 271; Obs. vil. 89 Zelebori. Fr aun. Novara Exp. Moll. ee 2, p. 28 . 6 Zeyheri. Menke. Zeits. 1848, p- 28. . Zieglerianus. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 10, f. 27; Obs. 11. 82 zigzag. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. iu. al 12, f.19; Obs. 1.54 . Zimermani. Stentz. Potier. IBS ,f. Sow. Gall. des ‘Moll, SUBGENUS MARGARITANA. abducta (Alas.) Say. MSS.? Alabamensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. 104; Obs. viii. 108 ambigua (Cen. Say. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. v. IIL 6 arcuata (Alas.) Ber, Ag. Jl. Sci. ok QTT arcuata. Stimp. Shells of New Eng. 15 . 35 Sci. v. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. PAGE 66 SPECIES. MARGARITANA. arcuata (Mya.) Hat. Zool. Text Book arcula. Lea. ‘Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. es 22, to Gs Olos, at, Wal « : ealceola. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soo, il. il: Olas, 1, : calceolus ( Unio). Sap Synopsis fn, Am. Conch. No. 6 ‘ 6 cartosa (Unio, var. 2). Lam. Ava, sans en vi. 80 . 0 . : Carolinianus ( Unio). Bose, Hist. Nat. des Coq. ii. 139 : complanata(Alas.) Bar. Am. Jl. Se. vi. 278 complanatus (Alas.) Midd. Sibir. Reise, 278, pl. 27, f. 1-6 complanata (Unio). Desh. An sans Wen 2d Gl, Vals 6 complanata (Symph.) len Pr. Aso, Ph. Shae, 1448) ODS ssl O2 complanata (Mya). Eat. Zool. Text Book compressa (Alas.) Menke. Synopsis, 106 . compressa (Alas.) Vill. Cat. Moll. Lomb. 10 confragosa (Alas.) Say. Dissem. and Am. Conch. pl. 21 confragosa (Unio). Desh. li. ‘ Soancermenenets, iv. 229; Obs. vii. 47 : corrugata (Alas. Dekay. N. York Raper Nat. Hist. i. pl. 24, f. 259 crassissima. Klein. Tent. Meth. Ostra, 146 Curreyana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 18, f.40; Obs. ii. 61 . . : dehiscens (Unio). Say. Disseminator, ii. and Am. Conch. pl. 24 deltoidea. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. al 13, f. 38; Obs. 11. 43 . 5 Deprroosas (OPH ae L. andl S. Moll. pl. 8 depressa (Alas.) Vill. Cat. Moll. Lom. 10 Tr. Hlém. Conch. co Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. Hlliotti. Lea. Jl. had Na. Sci. iv. 226; Obs. vil. 44 P : ; : elliptica. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 106; Obs. viii. 110 elongata (Unio). Lam. Thompson. An. sans Ver. vi. 70 elongatus (Alas.) Cat. Irish Shells . PAGE 69 67 68 67 67 69 67 70 67 67 67 73 73 67 67 69 67 69 68 69 67 73 73 68 68 69 69 MARGARITANA. Etowaensis. Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 154 : 5 : 2 j ! Etowahensis. Dea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. iv. 227; Obs. vil. 45; (changed to Georgi- ana in Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1859) fabula. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 18, 1 Ge Oolsy iil, 2H: falcata (Alas.) Gould. xil. 482 : : fluviatilis. Shum. Nov. Sch at 11, 1h fy. Georgiana. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1859 Gesnerii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 211; Obs. ix. 83 . : glabratus (Unio). Sow. hians (Unio). Valen. pl. 54,f2. . : 0 é : Hildrethiana (Unio). Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe, We jal B, 12 Bs Olos, we tess Holstonia. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 18, f. 87; Obs. ii. 42. : impressa (Altes) Anth. Am. J1. Gone, 1865, Jee MDL 0 : ; incurva (Alas.) Fer. margaritifera (Mya). Lin. margaritiferum (Alas.) Flem. Wilkes’ U.S. BSD Recueil @ Obs. Wool oo : 5 Sys. Nat. 1112 Br. Animals margaritiferus (Unio). Retz. Nova Test. Ce, o - marginata (Aas) Sen: Jl. And. Na. Sct. 1.400 . marginata (Alas.) Sen. Aga. Goncth, Ne: 6 minor. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 8, f. 26; Obs. iv. 84 3 ; : . oriens (Ti nio). Lea. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, pl. 6, £4; Obs. 1.83 . Pfeifferiana. pee Jl. de Ganch, 1860 quadrata. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 210; Obs. v.82. : 0 6 0 : radiata (Alas.) Con. Am. Jl. Sci. xxv. pl. IL, af 0) 5 6 : : 5 : Raveneliana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. Aki OOS loss 5 Aes : renuDet (Iya). Wood. Ind. Test. Siro. f. 7 rivalis (Unio). Ziegl. MSS. 6 Roissyi (Unio). Mich. Compl. Hist. Nat. 112 rugosa (Alas.) Bar. Am. Jl. Sci. vi. 278 . PAGE INDEX OF SPECIES. MARGARITANA. rugosa (Mya). Hat. Zool. Text Book, 222 rugosa (Compla.) Stimp. Shells N. Eng. 14 sculptilis (Alas.) Say. Dissem. 1829 sculptilis (Strop.) Stimp. Shells N. Eng. 15 sinuata (Unio). Stud. Schw. Conch. 6 Spillmanii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 105; Obs. viii. 109. 6 : : 5 Stuarti. Ad. dé An. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1863 Tombigbéensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 107; Obs. viii. 111 ‘gomedia. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 998: Obs. vii. 46 s : : Tripolitana (Alas.) Fer. ? truncata (Alas.) Con. New Fr. Wat. Shells, 73 5 6 : : truncata (Alas.) ‘Sen Ye "MSS. undulata (Alas.) Say. Nich. Eney. ‘Dorn, ed. and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. i. undulata (Mya). Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 1 varicosa ( Unio). iten, fon, sans Wen, vi. 78 Vingnouana. Bern. Jl. de Conch. 1859 Vondembuschiana (Monoc.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. viii. pl. 18, f 39; Obs. in. 60 Yubaensis (Alas.) Trask. Pro. Cal. A. N. 8. 1. 80 5 SUBGENUS PLAGIODON. isocardioides. Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. viil. 79; Jl, Acad. Na. Sci. 11. 818; and Obs. Vib BY o unio tsocardiotdes. See Errata. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 484. SUBGENUS MONOCONDYLGA. Bonellii (Alas.) Villa. Cat. Shells of Lom- bardy . 6 . : 0 6 F Bonellii (Alas.) Fer. MSS. labels. Rossm. Icon. 184 6 : 6 . ‘ Cambodjensis. Petit. Jl. de Conch. 1865. compressa. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 30; Obs. xi. 84 . (Al INDEX OF SPECIES. MONOCONDY LGA. Corrientesensis. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 88 : . 0 : costulata. ori. Rev. et Mag. 1858 erebristriata. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1.205 erispata (Alas.) Mouss. L. & 8. Moll. Java 97 a 6 : 3 3 ‘ : Cumingiil. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850; Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 235; Obs. vii. 53 exilis. fore. Jl. de Conch. 1866, p. 63 fossiculifera. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p.38 . ; 0 6 fragilis (Marg.) ‘Mouse Moll. Java, 98 Franciscana. Mori. Nat. H. Soc. Gen. viii. Toll, Bs 3m ely Gremema, D’Orb. Mag. le Zool. No. 62, p. 38 inoscularis (Anod.) Game BG, Bost. Soe. N. Hist. 1843 : ; lentiformis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na Sei, = 272; Obs. xii. 32 Mandinends, Lea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sel. Dee, 1864; Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 252; Obs. xil. 12 : ; : ; : Méchonit. Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. . minuana. D’Orb. Mag.de Zool. No. 62, p.37 Mouhotiana. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 65; Obs. x1. 69. j : : ‘ orbicularis. ore. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1866 : : : : : : Paraguayana. D’Orb. Mag de Zool. No. G2 ps Ole : : ; : 3 Parchappii. D’Orbd. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p.38 . : : : 5 . : Paz. Lea. Jil. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 273; Obs. xu. 33 9 : : : : Peeuensis. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. i. 205. planulata. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 262; Obs. vii. 80 ; : : : : reticulata. fort. Rev. et Mag. 1858 ‘ rhomboidea. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 263; Obs. vii. 81 Seiiantone (Pseudodon). Gould. Ero! Bos Soc. N. H. Dec. 1848 . 3 Sauleyi (Unio). Bourg. Voy. Mer. Mort. 4 Tamsiana. Dunk. Malak. Blatt. 1858 PAGE 73 discoidea (Symph.) Lea. MONOCONDY LGA. tumidus. More. Jl. de Conch. 1866 . Vondembuschiana (Marg.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 18, f. 39; Obs. 111. 60 . Wheatleyi. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 399; Obs. x. 35 Zollingert (Alas.) Mousa von Jaya, 96, pl. 18 Th and §. Moll. SUBGENUS DIPSAS. Gen. Shells, f. 1 . An. sans Ver. 2d alatus (An.) Sow. bi-alata (Gi nio). Desh. Ed. vi. 5 : : : : bi-alata (Symph.) Dea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. in. pl. 14, £ 24; Obs.1.59 . Chinensis (eas rai In Kiist. ix. Chinensis (Dian.) Raf. Continuation of Monoge.7 . dipsas (An.) Fer. (MSS.). : ire Ata: Ph. Soe. Wa fol, Wil, 36 38s Olos, ib ISH discoideus. Zea. Obs. 11.186 . discoideus (Unio.) Reeve. Conch. Icon. dubius (Myt.) Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3363 exotica (An.) Blain. Man. Malacol. . plicata (Barbala). Humph. MSS. plicatus. Leach. Zool. Miscett. 1815 plicatus (Myt.) Sol. MSS. tenuis (An.) Gray. Griff. Cuvier, xii. tenuis (Unio). Gray. Griff. Cuvier, xii. tuberculata (Cristaria). Schum, Hssai Noy. Syst. 107 : : tuberculatus (An.) Fer. MSS. . SUBGENUS ANODONTA. Abyssina, f. Mort. Am. Jl. Sci. xxix. 149 Amazonensis. ea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. BOS Olos x Bil : j ; anatina (Anodontites). Poir. Prodrom. 109 anatina. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 85 anatinella. Stab. Moll. of Lugano . ; anatinoides, f. Ale’n. Bronn. Wurtt. Jahrb. ii. 140 ANODONTA. anatinus (Myt.) Lin. Sys. Nat. 1158 angulata. Lea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. Bae f 52)) Obsyi. 90: F Klein. Tent. Meth. Orne 129. - Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 67 . Spix. Test. Braz. pl. 21 Kiist.. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. angustior. annulata. anserina. ansertrostris. 55 : . 7 : 0 ; antiqua, f. D’ Orb. Mag. Zool. 1836, t. 78 aquensis, f. Math. Cat. Foss. 171 arcuata. Mer. Caill. Voy. Méroé, pl. 16 arcuta (Iridina). Oaill. Voy. a Mer. iv. 263 arealis. Kiist. Syst. Conch. Cab. ix. 47 Arelatensis. Jag. Guide Voy. a Arles arenaria. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1863 areolata. Swain. Zool. Ill. 2d Ser. pl. 18 . argentea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vii. pl. 19, f41; Obs. 11.61 . : : Arkansensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x 29, £. 56; Obs. v. 49 ; : assimilis Zieg. Drouet Etudes, 21 atrovirens. Phili. Menke’s Zeits. 1848, p. 1380 : : : ; A atrovirens. Shutt. Rev. et Mag. Drouet, 1854, No. 5 and 6 : attenuata. Held. Isis. 1886 attenuata. Stab. : 3 : : aurata. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 30 Avonensis (Myt.) Monta. Test. Brit. 172 . Baikii (Spatha). Adams. Pro. Zool. Soe. 1866 . é ; : Bambousearum. Were Test. Nov. No. 2, [oe 248s j Bealei. Lea. Jl. Acedl Na. Ste vi. 26: Obs. xi. 30. bellua. More. Rew et Mags de Dea 1866, p. 167. ; : 5 : : Benacensis. Villa. Cat. Moll. Lombaria, 61 Benedictii (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 16, f. 48; Obs. xi. 216 Bengalensis. Reeve. Conch. Icon. 49 Beringiana. Midd. Sibi Reise, 284 . : Blainvilliana. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. y. pl. 12, a, 803 Obs. 1. 189 Pesamelitione Bean Conch. Icon. No. 9 Pik INDEX OF 78 86 SPECIES. ANODONTA. Bridgesii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 291; Obs. xii. 51 : : : : 6 Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. Buchanensis. Lea. pl. 14, £48; Obs. ii. 47 j Sremoneione, Ben Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 16, £49: Obsii, 207 3: ; ; | Burroughiana. Chenu. Ill. Conch. pl. 3 . Cailliaudii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 395; Obs. x. 31 ‘ 5 ; é p Californiensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. x. pl. 25, £47; Obs. v. 42 : Pro. Zool. Soc. 1860 callifera. Mart. callosa. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 36 canescens. Stentz. In Rossmaester’s Icon. capitata. Hist. aaa 9 carinata. Dunk. Mal. Blatt. 1858 carinifera. Con. Cover of Monog. No.9 . cariosa. Kiist. Syst. Conch. Cab, ix. 43 cataracta (Unio). Desh. An. sans Ver. 2d Ed. vi. : : : . : : cataracta. Say. Nich. Eney. Am. Conch. pl. 38 cataracta (Myt). Hat. Zool. Text Book, 224 cellensis. Pfeif. Moll. pl. 6 : Chaiziana ([ridina?) Rang. Mag. de oa Charpentierii. dist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 49 ; : : : : : Chinensis (Unio). Kiist. ——? Chinensis. Mer. MSS. — . Chiquitana. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 41 ciconia. Could. Bro. Nae Een Soe, Bae, Noy. 1851, and Jl. vi. 402 : coarctata. Anton. Verz. der Conch.16 . coarctata. . Potier & Mich. Gall. des Moll. Doube, pl. 42 : cognata. Gould. Wilkes’ U.S. Bap Hxp. xii. 485 Resta eon 112 Mala. Proy. Comas- complanata. Zieg. Kiist. compressa (Alas.) Por. ca, 113 : confervigera. Schliit. In Kiister’ S Sy. Conch. Brown. Il. Conch. Gr. Brit. 81 . contracta. Stab. Moll. of Lugano convexa. Dupuy. Moll. du Gers. 73 . contorta. PAGE 84 INDEX OF SPECIES. ANODONTA. Cordieri, f. D’Ord. Mag. de Zool. 1836, t. 78 5 : : 5 : : cornea. Phili. Menke’s Zeits. 1848, p. 130 corpulenta. Coop. Schoolcraft’s Travels . corpulentoides, f. Zea. Pro. Acad. Na. Sci. 1868, p. 164 F corrosa. Drowet. Ktudes, 21 ; Couperiana. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vii. pl. 20, £46; Obs. 11. 65 crassa. Swain. Zool. Ill. 11. crassa. Fitz. Syst. Vertz. 120 . erepera. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 198, and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 238; Obs. vii. 56 ; ; : 5 : ; erepera. veeve. Conch. Icon. No. 16 crispata. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. 86 cultrata. Gould. In letter Cumingti (Monocon.) Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 199 cuneata, Kiist. ie vt curvatus. Mer. Jay’s Cat. 27 : . cygnea (Anodontites). Poir, Coq. Ter. et Fluy. . : : é 6 : cygnea. Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 8+. cygneus (Myt). Lin. Syst. Nat. 1158 cygneus, f. Morris’ Cat. Bronn . é Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. oi eylindracea. Lea. 8, f. 40; Obs. 11. 46 : ayuda Villa. Cat. Moll. Teaser, 6 dactylus. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 7d . Dahomeyensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 261; Obs. vil. 79 . Delllasioe, Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. vi. 29; Obs. xi. 83. : Dalmatina. Drouet. Biudes, 21 F Danielsii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 360; Obs. vui. 47 : : ; é , Dariensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 230; Obs. vi. 48 . Daubreana, f. Schimp. Uhr, eancl IB, : ° : : : declivis. Con. Jl. Am. Sci. xxv. pl. 1, f. 11 decora. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 20, f. 63; Obs. 11. 64. : : : decorata (Hpigenia). Parr. 36 Gratelouy, Moll. MSS. 78 76 81 19 ANODONTA. denigrata. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. a 25, f. 45; Obs. i. 41 : dentiens. Menke. Synopsis, 106 deplanata. Zieg. Drouet, Etudes, 21 depressa. Schmidt. Drouet, Htudes, 21 derassa. Zieg. Drouet, Htudes, 21 doliaris. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 24; Obs. xi. 28 . : : 0 : : dubia (Iridina). Bose. Hist. Nat. Coq. ii. Dunlapiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vy. pl. 27, f. 65; Obs. 11. 86 . Dupuyt. Baw and Drouet. Dup. “Hist, “Moll. fol, i, 36 U8} © : edentula (Alas.) Say. Diseain, 1829. elachista. Bourg. Moll. Nouy: elongata. Swain. Zool. lll. pl. 167 . embia. Bourg. Amen. Malac. ensiformis. Spix. Test. Braz. pl. 24, f. 12 esula. Jan. Ch. and Jan. Cat. : esula (Irid.) D’Orb. Mag. Zool. 1835, No. 62 esula (Leila). Gray. Geneva Zool. Sie, Pro. eacentrica. Zieg. Drouet, Etudes, 21 excurvata. Dekay. N. York Reports, pl. 17 exilis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 22, f. 68; Obs. 11. 81 : 2 exotica. Dione: Conch. Icon. No. 57 ; exotica (Iridina). Blain. Mar. Mala. 553 . exotica. Lam. An. sans Ver. Vi. exulcerata. Vill. Porro’s Malac. 111 feminalis. Gould. Wilkes’ U.S. Exp. Exp. xi. 486 : : : : F : Ferrarisii. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, joe 40) 0 : 6 : . 5 ferruginea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. pl. 19, f. 43; Obs. 1. 68 . 3 3 ; Ferussaciana. Zea. Tr. Am.. Ph. Soc. v. jae G, 26 Wp ios as WS Ferussaciana (Alas.) Kiist. ? flava. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1868, p. 160 fluviatilis yt.) Dill. Cat. Shells, 316 fiwiatilis. Bosc. Hist. Nat. des Coq. 11. . Sys. Nat. 8359 Ver. Conch. 1. . Tent. Meth. fluviatilis (Myt.) Gel. fluviatilis (Myt.) Schreib. fluviatilis (Musculus). Klein. Ostra. 129 141 PAGE 76 81 84 82 86 78 74 ANODONTA. folium. Fer. MSS. ; Footiana.. Lea, Tr. ie Ph. Soa, vill. wl 20, f.44; Obs. 11.63 . Dodbastemn, Obs. x. 29 : fragilis. Zam. An. sans wer vi. 85 . fragilis. itz. Sys. Vertz. 120 3 fragilis (no genus). Klein. Tent. Meth. Os. tra, 129 0 c c : : fucatus (Myt.) Dill. Cat. Shells, 819 fuscata. Zieg. Drouet. Etudes, 21 . Georgine. Gray. Grif. Cuvier, pl.19 . Gesnerii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 231; Obs. vii. 49 ; : : . 6 gibba. Benson. Jl. As. Soc. of Bengal, 1855; Reeve, No. 13 . : gibbosa. Say. Long’s Exp. pl. 14 gigantea. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 1, i lg Olos, wi, i sflenaien, Middendor ff. Sib. Bstise 1851. giganteus. Spix. ‘Test. Fluy. 27 glabra. Ziegl. Drouet, Ktudes, 21 glandulosa. Anth. saa, Jl. Conch. 1865, a. 163 : : : glauca. Lam. An. sans Wee Vi. glauca. Valen. Humboldt’s Voy. globosa. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. viii. ph 24, f.56; Obs. 11.79 . ¢ Gomeetionn: One Rev. de Zool. 3, 1861 . gracilis. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 197, and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 239; Obs. a 57 6 : : : 6 : Granadensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 288; Obs. xi. 48 grand Wewi des étang. Geoff. Coq. de Bont 1B) ¢ ¢ Lea. Bho. ea grandiodes. Na. Sei. 1868, p. 164 . : grandis. Say. Dissem. 1829 Gratelupiana. Gassies. Moll. de Argenais, IGE} ; grossa. Ziegl. Mss. Guilliani (Irid.?) Recluz. Jl. de Gone 1 BS Hallenbeckii. Zea. Jl, Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 232; Obs. vii. 50 Dee Jl. Acad. Na. Sei. v. 393. PAGE INDEX OF SPECIES. ANODONTA. Harlandi. Baird and Ad. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1867 5 : F saUnear ; Harpethensis. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vii. pl. 19, £42; Obs. i.62 . Heldi. TE Sis. Conch. Cat. ix. 64 Henryana. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 374; Obs. viii. 55 : 6 : 0 Herculea (Dipsas.) Midd. Sibi. Rei. ii. hians. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. No. 8 . Hilvetica.. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1863 Holtonis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. ii. 316; Obs. vi. 86 . : horda. Gould. Pro. Bost. ‘Soe “Nat. “Es 1855 Housatonica. Linsl. ‘Asia, Th Sci. 1845, x BUY é Idrina. Spin. Bat. Moll. Breseinne : illitis (Myt.) Soland. MSS. Dill. Cat. 316 imbecilis. Say. Dissem. 1829 . 6 : imbricata. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. I), : implicata. Say. Desa, 1829 . impura. Say. Dissem. 1829 inequivalva. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 292; Obs. xii. 52 : incarum., Phili. Mal. Blat. 1869, Dp: 40 incerta. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. m Bie 16; Obs. i. 158 iner ean (Myt.) Shep. Lin. Tama, XVU. 33 inflata. Major Le Conte's Cabinet tnornata, Anth, Am. J]. Conch. 1866, p. 145 tnornata. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 42 . inoscularis (Pseudodon). Gould. Pro. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist. Dec. 1843 Lam. An. sans Ver. vi.86 . Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. 163 Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 289; intermedia. irisans. Anth. Jewettii. Lea. Obs. xii. 49 5 Jobe. Dupuy. Cat. extra Gall. es Jukesii, f. Forbes. Rep. Brit. Ass’n, 1852 Kelletii. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 71 . Kennerlyi. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 108; Obs. vill. 112 F é Kennicottii. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sa Vv. aon Obs. ix. 86 . PAGE 78 INDEX OF ANODONTA. Klettii. Rossm. Icon. i. 112 lacustris. . Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. "364; Obs. viii. 45 : latissima. Kok. Drouet, Mimdles, a1. F lato-marginata.. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pl. 12, f£. 84; Obs. i. 188 Latoureuxi. Bourg. Amé. Mal. F latus (musculus). Klein. Tent. Meth. Ostra, 128 : ‘ : : j lenticularis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 290; Obs. xii. 50 : Teclndh Gup. An. and Mag. N. iE 1366 Leonensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 25; Obs. xi. 29 . ‘ leprosa. Parr. Jay’s Cat. 12 . Lewis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 362; Obs. iv. 44 . limnoica. D’Ord. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p- 40 limpida. Zieyl. MSS. lingulata. Hupé. An. Nouv. et R. ait 18 Linneana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. E 27, f. 51; Obs. v. 40. 9 ie Spic. Test. Fluy. 30 longinus (Irid.) Spix. Test. Braz. 29 Luecasii. Desh. Exp. de l’Alg. pl. 108 lucida. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 40 lugubris. Say. Dissem. 1829 lurulentus. Jfore. Test. Nov. No. 1, p. 28 Lusitania. More. Moll. du Port. 103 luteola, Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 267; Obs. vii. 85 . luaata. Held. Rossm.Icon. . macilenta. More. Moll. du Port. 102 6 McNielii. Anth. Am. J]. Conch. 1866, p. 144 maculata (Myt.) Shep. Lin. Trans. xii. pl. 5 magnifica (Symph.) Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vy. pl. 5, f. 14; Obs. i. 155 marginata (Alta) Kiist. ? marginata. Say. Nich, Ency. Am. Gough, jall, Bo Marryatana. ke: Tr. san. Ph. Sino, ctf, pl. 20, f. 45; Obs. in. 64 : melina. Bourg. Rev. et Mag. 1866 . : membranacea. D’Orb. Voy. Am. Meri. 616 micans. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. 162 PAGE 78 78 17 80 82 78 82 78 SPECIES. 143 ANODONTA. PAGE Middendorfii. Sieem. Sibi. Reise. 397 .. 78 Millett. Ray and Drouet. Dup. Hist. Moll.» oll, Wil, se WG sg . . : . 48 minima. Pot. and Mich. Cat. de oe pe ile minuta. Drouet. Ktudes, 21 . a Ks modesta. -Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. ‘Sai. lV. "364; Obs. viii. 46 ‘ o 1 Montezuma. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vill. pl. 22, f.55; Obs. 111.78 . 0 8 Mionfienndlt iT Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 3065 Obs. x. 32 . » Bil Mortoniana. Lea. Tr. ie, Ph. So. v. pl. 13, £373 Obs: 1, 192). : - oO Moulinsiana. Dup. Hist. de Moll. a 20, 19 . : a eit Napoensis. Lea. Jl. Acad. Ne. Sa ai 324; Obs. xii. 84 : 6 . 4 > 80 Newtonensis. Lea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. Wolly Wal te OS Olos; mi, Wo) ; . 0) Nicaragua. Phili. Menke’s Zeits. 1848, p. IO) 5 : : : : ; . 84 Nilssoni. iist. Sys. Conch. Cab. ix. 61. 84 nitida. Zieg. Drouet. Ktudes, 21. > Oe Nopalatensis. Sow. Reeve’s Icon. 58 > Bil normalis. Stab. Moll. of Lugano . oH Normandi, Dup, Moll. Ter. et Fluv. . 77 Numidica. Bourg. Am. Malac. 9 . 84 Nuttalliana. Zea, Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. AD, 16 OAS Olose th Wl » UE obiReptins, i JOO, rexllll Geol! Sie, Vii. Bronn : . ¢ : : . 85 oblita. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. ” 28, f. 52; Obs. v.46 . ; >» OY oblonga. Stentz, Dup. Hist. di Moll. pl. 18, 1 1B). : ast obtusa. Spix. Test. Flay. ‘Bram, 30. : 5 obtusula, Hupé. An. Nouv. et R.17,f.3 79 obvoluta. Ziegl. Menke’s Cat. . ; uler(kt Ononensis. Zea. Synopsis. See Note . 84 opaca. Lea; Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. be 2 f. 46; Obs. v. 41 : 80 opalina. We Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, " 159 78 opalina. Kiist. ? 78 Oregonensis. Lea. Tr. Ni Ph. She a jolk, Mi, 16 5 Oloss wo SO : 5 US 144 ANODONTA. ovalis. Requen. ? ovata. Lea. a Am. Ph. cock vi. Ph 2, f 2; Obs. il. , ovatus. Swain. at Coma. wl. 36 . Pallegoixi. Cuming. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. No. 17 : : ° ae pallida. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 162 . paludosus. Tur. Con. Dict. 116 palustris. Fer. et D’Orb. Drouet. Nay. de la France, 16 papyracea. Anth. Parishii. Leila. July, 1884 . Parreyssti. Kinb. Am. Jl. Conch. i. 161 . Gray. Pro. Zool. Soe. Drouet. Etudes, 18 parvula. Drouet. Nay. de la France, 9 Patagonica. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. : pavonia. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. Mil, tt He Olos 1, 73 : é : Na. Sci. vi. 274; Pazii. Lea. Jl. Acad. Obs. xii. 84 : pencillatus. Gray. Pro. Took ‘Sou. aly 1834, p. 57 . : Pennsylvanica. Lam. An. sans Ver. 86 i : : 5 : ‘ : Pepiniana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. vi. pl. 16, f.51; Obs. 11.96 . 6 0 [Piatra Dum. Hist. Moll. Sanoie pictus. Swain. Exot. Conch. 39 piscinalis. Nilss. Hist. Moll. Suec. 116 plana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. v. pels if 1S} Obs. 1. 160 . plicata. Hald. polita. Mouss. polymorpha. ponderosa. porcifer. proboscidalis. prolongata. psammita. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vill. 202 Moll. von Java, 98 Kiist. . Pfeif. (i. al F. Moll. 31) Gray. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 58 Ziegl. MSS. : Ziegl. Drouet. Etudes, 21 Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1863 puberula, Gould. Wilkes’ Exp. Exp. 434, £548 . puelchana. je 480) . pulvinata. Hupé. Purbeckensis, f. Forbes. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, An. Nouv. et Rare Rec. Geol. Sur. i. INDEX OF SPECIES. ANODONTA, purpurascens (Unio). Swain. 160 Zool, Ill. pl. purpurea. Valen. iSivroniboliee Ss Voy al 48 ; ' radiatus (Mh, yt.) Meinl. MSS. radiatus. Spix. Test. Brazil, 31 . ranarum. More. Moll. du Port. 104 Randall. Trask. Pro. Cal. Acad. Na. Sci. 1. 28 Randalli (Guo Con. Pro. Acad. Na. Sei. 1857, p. 165 . Rayii. Dup. Hist. Moll. pl. 20, f, 29 recurvirostra. Kiist. ig regularis. More. Moll. du Pont, 100 reticulata. feeve. Conch. Icon. No. 27 . rhombica (Alas.) Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. 158 : : rhomboidea. Schlitt. Mus. in Kiister Rossmasslert. Kinb. Drouet. Etudes, 18 . Dup. Moll. du Gers. 74 Rossm. Icon. iv. 25 Rossmassleriana. rostrata. Kokeil. rotundata. Swain. rotunda. Spix. Test. Fluv. pl. 20 rotundovata. Trask. Pro. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1. 29 rubens (Irid.) Lam. An. sans Ver. vi. 85 rubicunda. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 392; Obs. x. 28 . 3 6 : rugifera. Dunk. Mal. Blat. 1858 . rugosus. Swain. Zool. Ill. 1. pl. 96. salmonia. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 14, f. 41; Obs. 11. 45 : : Salweniana (Pseudodon). Gould. Pro. Soc. N. H. Bos. Dec. 1848; Monocondylea, D’Orb. , j : é : Scaldiana. Dup. Moll. de la France Schafferiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 26, f.50; Obs. v.44 . Sichoralbnomelk Mart. Pro. Fol Sine, 1860 Schrenckii. Zea. Note in this Synopsis . Schroteriana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. x. pl. 29, f. 55; Obs. v. 48 : Raswels Conch. Icon. No. 9 scriptus. Fer. Sedakowii. Siecmaschko. Bull. de Peters- bourg . Exotic Mallac. pl. 37. Na. PAGE INDEX OF SPECIES. ANODONTA. Senegalensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 260; Obs. vii. 78 . Showalter Lea. Jl. Acad. Na Se, 215; Obs. ix. 37 . ; stliqua. Kiist. Sys. Conch. Cab. 1x. Gi siliquosa (Myce.) Spix. Test. Braz. pl. 28, f. 2 : Snnyosoanr aie, Tea J. heat. Na. Sef, v. 212; Obs. ix. 34 . sinuosa. Zam. An. sans Ver. vi. : sirionos. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p.40 smaragdina? (Craspedodonta). Anton. Verz. der Conch. 16 solenidea. Sow. _soleniformis. Ben. soleniformis. D’Orb. 62, p. 41 sollte Deville and anes Zool. 1880, pl. 16, f. 2 ; : Sondermanit. Kaien Sir Conch. Cab. 1x. 54 Reeve’s Conch. Icon. 65 Jl. Asiatic Soc. v. 745 Mag. de Zool. No. Rey. and Mag. Spixii. D’Orb. Mag. de Zool. No. 62, p. 39 spreta. Zieg. Drouet. Htudes, 21 spuria. Count Yoldi’s Letter stagnalis. Bosc. Hist. Nat. de Coq. 111, 143 stagnalis (Myt.) Lin. Gmel. 33862 . Stewartiana. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. v. pl. 6, f. 17; Obs. 1. 159 Siebel Dea Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 329: Obs. xii. 82 : Zieg. Drouet. Htndes, aM. subalata. subangulata. Anth. Am. Jl. Conch. 1865, p. 158 0 : ; j : suberassa. Lea. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 198; and Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. iv. 236; Obs. vil. 54 6 0 ¢ : . subeylindracea. Zea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. pl. 24, f. 117; Obs. 11. 106 subdepressa. Drouet. Htudes, 21 ‘ subelobosa. 8F INDEX OF SPECIES. IRIDINA. splendida. Chenu. Ill. Conch. pl. 1 . Swain. Phil. Mag. Ixi. 112 . D’Orb. Mage. ae Zool. No. me striata. trapezialis. p.48 . ; valeus. Parr. Jay’s Cat, 4th afl 70. : Welwitchii. More. Voy. d Angola, 1868 . SUBGENUS SPATHA. alata. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 35; Obs. x1. 39 . : angustata. Sow. Reeve’s Cond. Teen Vas arenata? (Irid.) Cail. es Baikii. H. Adams. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1866. cxlestis. Lea. Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. vi. e 22, f. 70; Obs. 11. 82 . : : Ghilllionstit Mart. Mal. Blatt. 1866 . Clappertont (Anodonta.) Kenig. Denham and Clapperton’s Journey compressa. Mart. Pro. Zool. Soe. 1860, Pp: 16 dubia (Mytilus.) Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3363 dubia? (An.) Bose. Hist. Nat. de Coq. iii. 144 —«, ; gracilis (Lrid.) Cail. am, : Hartmanni. Mart. Mal. Blatt. 1866 . Le mutel. Adan. Voy. Senegal, 234 . modesta. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 37; Obs. xi. 41 . mutel? (Irid.) Rang. Hist. Nat. deg Moll. Natalensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 64; Obs. xi. 68 . : Nilotica (Lrid.) Sow. Zook dle a 1 all 2 Nilotica. Anton. Verz.des Coq. . Nilotica (Calliscapha). Swain. Malac. 380 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 SPATHA. Niloticus (Myt.) Wood. Supp. to Index Test. pl. 2 : : F : é Nyassaensis. Zea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. vi. 36; Obs. xi. 40 : obtusa? (An) Pot. and Mich. Gall, des Moll. xi. 144 é Oudnici (Irid.) Keenig. Dawkh, ad Gap. Journey . . Petersi. Martens. Mal. Blatt. vi. rostrata? (Irid.) Rang. Hist. Nat. de Moll. rostrata. Kiist. ? rubens (An.) Zam. An.sans Ver.vi. . rubens (Irid.) Desh. ney. Meth. 11. 320 soleniformis. Ben. In letter . : Walbergi. Krauss. Siidafr. Moll. SUBGENUS MYCETOPUS. emarginatus. Lea. Jl. Acad. Na. Sci. v. 3898; Obs. v. 84 . : faleatus. Higg. Pro. Zool. Soe. 1868, p- 179 longina (Irid.) Fer. fol, Ga ; : é ; longinus (An.) Spix. Test. Braz. 29 plicatus. Gray. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. ii. . pygmeus. Spix. Test. Braz. 30 pygmeus. Hupé. Anim. Nouv. ou Rare, . rugatus. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. vi. . siliquosus. D’Orb Voy. Am. Meri. pl. 67 stliquosus (An.) Spiv. Test. Braz. 30 soleniformis. D’Orb. Voy. Am. Meri. pl. 66 See D’Orb. Tow. 1X. soleniformis (Spatha). Anton. Verz. der Conch. : : é : : F subsinuatus. Sow. Reeve’s Conch. Icon. x. ventricosus. D’Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. 602 . 147 PAGE 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 57 89 LERPE ABET CAL List OF WORKS REFERRING TO UNIONIDA IN THIS VOLUME. Adams, H. & A.—@renera of Recent Molluscs, 1858. Adams, H.—Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866. Ad. & An. Adams & Angas.—New Species Australian Fr. Water Shells. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1863. Adams.—Fresh Water and Land Shells of Vermont, 1842. Nat. Hist. of Red River, by Capt. Marcy, 1853. Adan. Adanson.— Voyage au Senegal, 1749 to 1858. Agass. Agassiz.—MSS. cited in Stimpson’s Shells of New England, 1851. Moll. Fossiles. Moules des Mollusques. North Am. Najades in Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1852. Alder.—Moll. Northumberland and Durham, 1848; and Supplement without date. Alten, J. W.—Hrd. & Fluss Conchilien, 1812. Anth. Anthony.—Am. Jl. Conch., 1865 and 1866. Anton. — Verz. der Conch., 1839. Ara. Arada & Mageiore.—Cat. della Conchiglie viv. et foss di Sicilia, 1839. Baird & Adams.—Zool. Pro., 1867. Bar. Barnes.—American Journal of Science and Art, 1823. Barbie.—In Grateloup’s Moll. ter. et flv. de la France, 1855. Bartram.—Travels in N. and S. Carolina, Florida, &e., 1791. Bean.— Mag. Nat. Hist., 1836. Ben. Benson ena of Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 1855. Wood’s Index. Supplement. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1862. Bern. Bernardi.—J. de Conch., 1858. Blain. Blainville.—Manual de Malacologie, 1825. Blan. Blanford.—J/. Asiatic Soc., 1866, p. 134. Berg. Bergen.—Classes Conchy., 1760. Nuremberg. Bon. Bonanni.—TZestaceo Theologia, 1744. Bonh. Bonhomme.—WNot. Biv. Relez, 1840. In Grateloup’s Moll. de la France. Born.—Testacea Muset Cxsarei, 1780. Hlements of Conch., 1776. Bose.—Hist. Nat. des Coquilles, 1824. Bouch. Bouchard-Chantereaux.—Cat. Moll. ter. et fluv. du Pas-de-Calais, 1838. Boul. Bouillet—WMoll. ter. et fluv. @ Auvergne, 1836. Bourg. Bourguignat.— Voy. Autour de la Mer. Mort par Sauley, 1852. Revue et Mag. Zool. Testacea Novissima, in Jl. de Conch., 1852. Aménités Malac. vol.i., 1858 to 1856. Malacologie a aligtier, 1864. Brard.— Hist. des Coquilles, dc., 1815. Braun.—Deutschl. Naturfv., 1842. Bronn.—System der Urwelthchen Konchylien, 1824. Wiirtt. Jahrb., 1846. Lethwa Geog nosis 1837. Index Palzon., 1849. 38 150 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF Brot.—Hiludes de la Famille des Nayades, 1867. Brown.—Land and Fresh Water Conch. of Great Britain and Ireland, 1845. Brown, Alex.—In Deshayes’ Traité Elém. ii. 216, 1850. Brug. Bruguicre.—Journ. @ Hist. Nat. 1792. In Hney. Méthodique, 1819 and 1822. Caill. Caillianud.— Voyage @ Méroé, 1826. Catalogue des Rad. Anné. Chirriet des Mollusques, 1865. Cantor.—Journal of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 1855. Castelnau.—Animaua Nouveaux ou Rare. Paris, 1857. Charp. Charpentier— Cat. Moll. de la Suisse, 1837. Chem. Chemnitz (Martini)—Neues Syst. Conchyl. 1769 to 1788. - Chenu.—Illustrations Conchyliologiques, de. Manuel de Conchyliologie, 1859. Bib. Conchyliologique, 1845 and 1846. Children.—Translation of Lamarck’s Genera. Brand’s Journal, vol. xv., and published separately, 1823. Con. Conrad.—New Fresh Water Shells, 1834. Monog. of Unionide, 1835 to 1837. Am. Journ. of Science and Art, 1834, 1846, and 1856. Journal of Acad. of Nat. Sct., 1850 and 1854. Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. New York Reports, 1841, et sequitur. Am. Jl. of Conch., 1866, 1867, 1868. Coop.— W. Cooper's Letters to [. Lea. Schoolcraft’s Travels and Reports on the Mollusca collected on the Coast Survey, 1860. Cooper, Dr.—Fauna of Upper Missouri, 1869. Crosse & Debeaux.—J7. de Conch., 1863. Crouch.—Illust. Intro. to Lamarck’s Genera, 1826. Cum. Cuming.—In Letter. . Currier.—Am. Jl. Conch., vol. iii., 1867. Cuy. Cuvier—Reégne Animal, 1817. Anatomie des Moll., 1817. Da Cos. Da Costa.— British Conchology, 1778. De Cr. & J. Cristofori & Jan.—Catalogus Collectionwm, 1882. Dekay.—New York Reports. Zool., 1848. Den. Denham.—Denham & Clapperton’s Journey into Africa, 1826. Desh. Deshayes—Art. Mullete, Hncy. Méth., 1830. Traité Hlémentatre, 1839-1859. Exped. Sei. de UV Algeria, 1859. Anat. Comp. de Moll. Hney. Méth., 1831. Des Moul. Des Moulins.—Cat. des Moll. ter. et fl. de la Gironde. Bull. Soc. Lin., 1827. Supplement to same, 1829, Desc. de U. Michaudiana. Bull. Soc. Lin., 1832. Obs. sur Unio et Anodonta, de M. Isaac Lea, 1839. Cat. Moll. de la Dordogne. Bull. Soc. Lin., 1844. Deville & H. Deville & Hupé.—Revue de Zool., 1850. Dewey, Prof. C.—List of Naiades, dc. Ninth Report of Regents of Univ. of New York. Dill. Dillwyn.— Descriptive Catalogue of Shells, 1817. Don. Donovan.—Nat. Hist. of British Shells, 1804. : D’Orb, D’Orbigny.— Voy. dans l’Amér, Mérid., 1885-1848. Mag. de Zool., 1835. Prodrome Paleon- tologie, 1850. Drap. Draparnaud.—WMoll. ter. et fluv. de la France, 1825, and Tableau des Moll. de la France, 1802. Drouet.—Htudes sur les Nayades de la France, 1854. Dum, Dumont et Mortillet— Hist. des Moll. de la Savoie, 1852-1854. Dunk, Dunker.—In Zeitschrift fiir Malakoz. Mal. Blatt, 1862. Monog. Wealdenbildung. Dup, Dupuy.—WMoll. ter. et fluv. du Gers, 1848. Cat. Hxtra Gall. Test., 1849. Mollusques de la France, 1847-1852. WORKS REFERRING TO UNIONIDS. 151 Kat. Haton.—Zoological Text Book, 1826. Hichw. Hichwald.—Die Thier und Pflang, Bull. Acad. Pet., 1840. Die Urwelt Russlands, 1840. Hyd. Hydoux.—Wag. de Zoologie, 1838. Far. Farines.—Annales des Sciences Natwrelles, 1834. Fer. Ferussac—Hist. Nat. des Moll. ter. et fluv., 1819. Hssaz d’une Méthode Conchyliologique, 1807, and MSS. in Mus. at Paris. Fisch. Fischer de Waldheim.—Bronn’s Index Palzont. Fischer, L.—Naturg. Livlands, 1791. Fit. Fitton. Strata below the Chalk, 1836. Fitz. Fitzinger—Systematisches Vergeichnifs. Vienna, 1833. Flem. Fleming.—British Animals, dc., 1828. Forbes & H. Forbes & Hanley.—Hist. Br. Molluses, 1858. Forb. Forbes, H— Moll. of the Isle of Man, 1838. Freshwater Ter. For. of Smyrna in Jl. Geolog. Soc., 1845. Brit. Lam. Moll. Reports to Brit. Assoc. 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1841. Records Geol. Survey. Forel.—Bettriige zur Entw. Najaden, 1867. Forsk. Forskal.—Descriptiones Animalium, &c. in Itinere Orientali, 1776. Frauen. Frauenfeld, G.i—Novara Hup. Vienna, 1867. Fauna Dalmatiens, 1856. Gabb.— Geol. Sur. of California, 1869. Girt. Girtner.— Versuch einer System, 1818. Gass. Gassies—WMoll. Ter. et d’Hau douce de V Agenais, 1849. Cat. des Moll. de Lot et Garonne, 1863. Cat. de la Gironde, 1859. Progrés de la Mal. en France, 1858. Geoff. Geoffroy St. Hilaire. Cog. aux environs de Paris, 1767-1770. Gerst. Gerstfeldt—Land und Siist. Moll. im Amur. Gmel. Gmelin.—13th edition Linneus. Systema Nature, 1788 and 1790. Goldf. Goldfuss.—Petrefakten Deutschlands, dc., 1837. Gould.—Invertebrata of Mass., 1841. Proceedings Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. 1841, 1844, 1845, 1846. Otia Conchologica, 1846. U. States Hxp. Hxp., 1846-1850, under Capt. Wilkes. Goupil.— Hist. des Mollusques de la Garthe, 1835. Gralés.—Molluscos de Hspana, 1846. Gras.—Dese. de Moll. fluv. et ter. de la France, 1840. Grat. Grateloup.—Hssai sur la Nowritwre des Moll., 1857. Moll. tr. et fl. de la France, 1855. Hssav sur la Distri. Géographique de la Gironde, 1858. Grateloup et Raulin— Cat. Moll. de la France, 1855. Gray.—In Griffith’s Cuvier., 1827 and 1835. Gray's Genera. Spicilegia Zoologica, &e., 1828. Proc. Zool. Soc., 18384. Phil. Trans., 1833. Green.—Journal of the Maclurian Lyceum, 1827. Doughty's Cab. Nat. History, 1883. Grif. Cuv. Griffith’s Cuvier.— Reg. Animal, 1827 and 1835. Grono. Gronovius.—Zoophylaceum Gronovianum, 1781. Gran. Gruner.—Land und Siisswasser Conchylien, in Weigmann’s Arch., 1841. Guer. Guérin.—Wag. de Zoologie. Icono. de Regne Animal, 1829-1839. Gup. Guppy.—An. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1866. Hald. Haldeman.—Proe. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philad., 1841 and 1846. Hanl. Hanley.—Hist. of Brit. Molluscs, 1853. Illustrated Edition of Lamarck’s Species of Shells, 1844, and Supplement to Wood’s Ind. Test. 152 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF Held.—In Rossmiissler’s Iconographie, 1835, and Isis. Hibb. Hibbert.—Freshwater Limestone of Burdie house, Trans. Roy. Soc. Ed., vol. xiii., 1886. Hidalgo.—J1. de Conch., 1865. Hige. Higeins.—Des. of Sia New Sp. of Shells. Pro. Zool. Soc., 1868. Hild. Hildreth. Am. Journ. of Science and Arts, 1828. Hinds.— Voy. of the Sulphur, 1844 and 1845. Hislop —Trans. Geol. Soc. and Pro. Geol. Soe. of London. Hon. Honinghaus. Horn. Hérnes—Die Fossilen Moll. Tert. von Wien. Humph. Humphreys.—WUSS., and in Museum Callonianum, 1797. Hupé.—Animaua Nouveaua ow Rare, Paris, 1857. Jacq. Jacquemin.— Guide du Voy. d Arles, 1835. Jan.—In Charpentier & Jan's Catalogue. Moll. de la Suisse, 1837. Jeff. Jeffreys, J. Gwyn.— Bri. Conch. 5 vols. 1862 and 1869. Kim. Kimmerer.—Cab. zu Rudolstat, 1786. Keyser. Keyserling.— Voy. de la Russie. Kickx.— Synopsis Moll. Brabantize, 1850. Kinb. Kinberg.—Fide Drowet. Kirt. Kirtland.—In Ohio Reports, 1888, and Journ. of Am. Science and Arts, 1834, 1840. Pro. Am. Ass. of Sciences, 1851. Klees.—Dissertatio Zool., 1818. Klein.— Methodi Ostracologicx, 1753. Klip Klipstein.—Zur Geologishen Kenntniss, &c., 1848. Knorr.—Muschlen und andern Geschipfen. 6 vols. 1757 and 1772. Koch & Dunker.— Bettriige zur Kenntniss, &c., 1837. Keenig.—Denham & Capperton’s Travels in Africa, 1826. Kokeil.—In Rossmiissler’s Iconographie. Krauss.— Die Siidafrikanischen Mollusken, 1848. Peter's Mocr. Reise der Osterreich. der Fregatte Novara, 1857. Kryn. Krynicki.— Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. de Moscou, 1832, 1835, and 1887. Kiist. Kiister—New edition of Martini and Chemnitz. Syst. Conch. Cab., 1837 and 1870. Kuts. Kutschig.—Yauna Moll. Dalmati, by Brusina, 1866. Lam. Lamarck.— Hist. Nat. des Animauax sans Vertebres, 1819. Lamo. Lamoroux.— Unio antistrophodonta bet Nancy. N. Jahrb., 1887. Lamprey.— Notes on Geol. of N. China in Branch of Roy. As. Soc., 1866. Lea.— Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. iii. to x. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3,4, 5, and 6. Observations on the Genus Unio, &c., vol. i. to xi. Leach.— Zool. Miscellanies, 1815. Lef. Lefevre.—In Grateloup’s Moll. de la France. Less. Lesson.— Voy. de la Coquille, vol. ii., 1830. Lesueur.—Mr. Say’s Memoir in Nicholson's Ency., Am. ed., Art. Conch., 1816. Let. Letournaux.—Cat. des Moll. de la Vendée, in An. et Mag., 1868. Lew. Lewis.—Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. American Journ. of Conch., 1868, 1869. Lin. Linnzeus.—Systema Nature, 1758, 138th ed., by Gmelin, 1791. WORKS REFERRING TO UNIONIDS. 153 Lins. Linsley.—Shells of Connecticut, from Am. Journ. of Science and Arts, vol. xlviii., 1845. List. Lister.— Synopsis Methodica Conchyliorwm, 1685-1692. Historize Animalium Anglia, 1678. Appendix, 1685. Mace. Macgillivray.—Molluscous Animals of Scotland, 1844. Malzine.—Faune Mal. de Belgique, 1869. Mant. Mantell.— Geol. Isle of Wight, 1847. Geol. of the Hast of England, 1833. Mar. & C. Martini & Chemnitz.— Neues System. Conchylien- Cabinet, 1769-1788. Mart. Von Martens.—Pro. Zool. Soc. Malac. Biatt., 1867. Mass. Massot.—In Dupuy’s Hist. Nat. des Moll., 1847. Mat. and Rack. Maton and Racket.— Cat. Br. Test. in Trans. Lin. Soc. London, 1807. Math. Matheron.—Catalogue Meth. et Descrip., 1842. Maton.—Des. of New Species. Trans. Linn. Soc., 1809. McCoy.—British Paleozoic Fossils, 1851. Meek and H. Meek and Hayden.—Proec. Acad. N. S., 1861. Menke.— Synopsis Methodica Molluscorum, 1828, 2d edition, 1830. Zeitschrift fiir Mal., 1844. Cat. of Walsberg Coll. 1829. Syn. Moll., 1830. Meuch. Meuchen.—IMusewm Geversianum. Rotterdam, 1787. Merm. Mermet.—JMoll. dans les Pyrénées, 18438. Mich. Michaud.— Complement de 1’ Hist. Naturelle des Moll. ter. et fluv. de la France, de Draparnaud, 1831. Midden. Middendorff—Bull. de Petersbourg, and Sibirische Reise, 1851. Mich. Mighels.—WShells of Maine, in Bost. Jl. Nat. Hist., 1843. Mill. Millet.— Tableau Methode des Mollusques ter. et fluv., 1818. Monta. Montagu.—Testacea Britannica, 1808. : Mog. Moquin-Tandon.—WMoll. ter. et fluv. de Toulouse, 1843. Hist. Nat. des Mollusques ter. et fluv. de France, 1859. Morch.—Synop. Moll. Ter. et Fluv. Danix, 1864. More. Morelet.—JMoil. ter. et fluv. du Portugal, 1845, and Test. Noviss. insule Cuban et Am. Cent., 1849 and 1851. Fev. et Mag., 1862. Jl. de Conch., 1865, 1866. Conch. d Algerie in Jl. de Conch, 1851. Mori. Moricand.—WSur les Coquilles ter. et fluv. de Bahia, in Mem. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Geneva, and in Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1858. Morse.—Salt and Fr. Wat. Clams, in American Naturalist, 1869. Mort. Morton.—Am. Journ. of Science and Arts, 1835. Mouss. Mousson.—Die Land und Siisswasser Mollusken von Java, 1849. Cog. ter. et fl. dans 1’ Orient, 1859. Cog. ter. et fl. en Palestine, 1861. Mihl. Mihlfeld.—I/SS. Catalogue. Mill. Miiller.—Synopsis Testaceorum Viventium, 1836. Nil. Nilsson.—Hist. Mollus. Suecize Ter. et Fluv., 1822. Noulet.—Precis de ’ Hist. Nat. des Moll. ter. et fluv., 1834. Ogérien.—Rev. de Zool., No. 3, 1861. Parr. Parreyss.—Fide Philippi, Conchylien, &c., and Frauenfeld in Zool. Bot. Vereins, Vienna, 1856. Partsch.—Bronn’s Index Palzont., 1849. 39 154 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF Pay. Payraudeau.—WMollusques de Ile de Corse. 1826. Penn. Pennant.—British Zoology, 1777. Petiv. Petiver—Gazophylacum Nature et Artis, 1702-1711. Pfeif. Pfeiffer.—Land und Siisswasser Mollusken, 1821. Nov. Concholog gcse, Part 35, 1869. Mal. Blat., 1867. Phil. PRaline — Geology of Yorkshire, 1829. Manual of Geology, 1855. Phili. PhilippiimAbdcldungen und Beschreibungen Conchylien, 3 vols., 1842-1850. Malak. Blatter, 1869. Menke’s Zeits., 1848. Poir. Poiret.— Hist. des Coquil. ter. et fluv. Dep. de 1’ Aisne, 1808. Poli.—Testacea Uiriusque Sicilie, 1791. Por. Porro.—WMala. ter. et fluv. Prov. Comasca, Milano, 1838. “Pot. Potiez.—Potiez and Michaud, Gal. des Moll. de Dowat, 1838. Pusch.—Polen’s Palzontologie, 1837. Put. Puton.—Moll. des Vosges, 1847. Raf. Rafinesque.—Mono. des Coquil. fluv. de la Riviere Ohio, in Ann. Grén. des Sci. Phy. & Brucelles, 1819. Atlantic Journal, 1832, 1833. Rang.— Hist. Nat. des Mollusques, 1829. Ray. Ravenel.— Catalogue. Ray and D. Ray and Drouet.— Rev. et Mag. de Zoologie, 1841. Recl. Recluz.—Journal de Conchyliologie, 1850. Revue Zoologique, 1842. Reeve.— Conch. Iconiea, 1864-1868. Requien.— Cat. Cog: de Corse, 1848. Retz. Retzius.—Nova Testaceorum Cenera, 1788. Reyn. Reyniés.—Lettre sur quelques Moll. ter. et fluv., 1848. Rom. Rémer.—Dre Versteinerwngen, dc., 1839. Ross. Rossmiissler.—Jconographie der Land und Siisswasser Moll., 1887-1859. Sand. Sandberger.— Conchylien des Mainzer, 1861. Say.—Am. Conchology, 1880-1884. Disseminator, 1829-1831. Art. Conch. in Nicholson's Ency., Ne ed., 1816. Journ. of the Acad. Nat. Sci., 1817- 1826. Appendix to Long's Hupedition, 1824, sane Transylvania Journ. of Med., 1832. Schliit.—Zertschrift fiir Malakos. Schmidt.— Bull. Imp. Soc. Nat. Hist. of Moscow, 1840. Conchylien Sammlungen, 1818. Schom. Schomburgk.— Versuch einer Fauna und Flora von Br. Guiana. Schreib. Schreibers.—Versuch einer Vollstandiger Conch. nack Lin. Syst. 1798. Schrenk.— Uebersicht der Land und Siisswasser Moll. Livlands, 1847. Reisen und Forschungen im Amur. Lande in 1867. Schrot. Schroter.—Plusconchlien, 1779. Hinleitung in die Conchylien, 1788. Schiib. Schiibler.—Zieten Wirtemberg. Schum. Schumacher.—Hssai d’un Nouveau Systeme, 1817. Sh. and Hat. Short and Haton.—Transylvania Journal Medicine. 1881. Shep. Sheppard.—Zrans. Linn. Soc. London, 1820 and 1823. Shutt. Shuttleworth, in Drouet’s Nayades de la France, and in Mittheil. Naturf. Gesellsch. Bern., 1843 and 1852. Siechmascko.— Bulletin de St. Petersbourg, 1849. Solan. Solander.—MUSS. in Brit. Museum. WORKS REFERRING TO UNIONIDS. 155 Sow. Sowerby.—The Genera of Shells, 1822. Min. Conchology, 1812-1830. Trans. Geol. Soc. Zool. Journal, 1825. Conch. Manual, 1839, 2d ed., 1842. Speng. Spengler.—Shkrivter af Naturhistorie Selskabet, v. 3, 1792. Spin. Spinelli.—Cat. dei Moll. della Bresciana, 1851. Cat. dei Moll. in Venezia, 1869. Spitzi.—In Rossmiissler’s Iconographie. Spix.—Testacea Fluviatilia Braziliensia. 1827. Stab. Stabile—Prospetto Sis. et Stat. Moll. Terr. e. Fl. di Lugano, 1859. Stein.—Schnecken and Muschelen der wmgegend Berlins, 1850. Stentz.—Per Rossm. and Drouet. Stimp. Stimpson.—Shells of New England. 1851. Strick. Strickland. Fresh Water and Land Shells of Henley on the Thames, in Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vii. Stud. Studer.—Schweizer Conchylien. 1820. Swain. Swainson.—Zool. [llust. Haotie Conch., 1841. Treatise on Malacology, 1840. Tap. Tappan.—Am. Journ. of Sci. and Arts, 1839. Tate——On Land and Fr. Water Mollusca of Nicaragua, in Am. Jl. of Conch., vol. v., 1869. Thompson.— Cat. of Irish Shells, 1841. Trask.—Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sct., 1854-1855. Tristram.—Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863 and 1865. Troschel.— Wieymann’s Archives, 1847. Das Geb. der Schnecken, 1858. Turt. Turton.—Conchylia Insularum Britannicarum,.1822, and Manual of Fresh Water and Land Shells of the British Islands, new ed., 1840. @ Valen. Valenciennes.— Continuation of Humboldt’s Zool. Obs. 1827. Vern. Verneuil.—Mem. Geol. Sur la Crimée. Villa.—Catol. dei Moll. della Lombaria, 1844. Novarwm Specierium, 1841. V.d. Busch. Von dem Busch.—J1. de Conch. Waard. Waardenberg.— Commentatis Moll. Belgico. 18277. Wag. Wagner.—In Zestacea FPluviatilia, by Spix. 1827. Ward.—In Letter. Williams.— Philos. Mag. 1836. W 00d.—Index Testaceologicus, 1818-1825, and General Conchology. 1815. Wood, 8.—DMonog. Crag. Moll., 1848. Woodw. Woodward.—Recent and Fossil Shells, London, 1851, 1854; 2d ed., 1868. Pro. Zool, Soc., 1859. Yoldi.—_I/SS., and Morch’s Cat. of Yoldi’s Cab., 1852 and 1858. Zieg. Ziegler.—ISS. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE UNIONIDA’ JAD ROU copodanbodo0o Hist. Nat., Book ix., Ch. 58. Wacentius............. Speculum Naturale. JEHOMs ao0c006000096080 De Aquatilibus, p. 399. Rondeletius........... Univer. Aquat. Hist. Schrot. Lith., Lex. iv. BOWSssUets ...--0 ee - De Nat. Aquat., t. 2, p. 122. Rondeletiws........... Hist. Entiere des Poissons, 2d Partie. Lyons. CORE oocosseaocoont Nomenclator A quatilium, p. 349. Aldrovandus.........- De Mollibus, &c., Mytuli ob- longi, pp. 454, 515. JROGIUS. oocosco00e006 Gem. et Lap. Hist. Edited by Bellenden, Edinburgh. ‘Pearls in Mya margarit- ifera.” ANONYMOUS. .....+045 A Perfect Description of Virginia, &c. &e., p. 18. London. HOMO 0000000000090 De Exsang. Aquat., p. 15. JOYSHGRs 5 00 dn 60080 60H86 Hist. Anim. Anglie, p. 149- 231 (foss.) IROOM Ms 360600000085 Recreatio, Clas. 2, Nos. 40, 41. IDG JHMM 5 50660000000 Descriptio Anatomica Myti- li, in Act. Erud. Leips. SMONHChooo 65000600006 Scotia Ilustrata, p. 27.7 MGUS LET erate. cfarcrsin)cteiecgisisler App. ad Hist. An. Angl., pl. 1, f. 1, 4, 6. He otal onersleten essere Conchyl. Hist. Nos. 147, 16. OO Won wage coords Dissert. Anat. Tertia, p. 2. Leewwenhoek. ........ Arcana Nat. et lettre a Soe. - Reg. 95, 96, t. 2, p. 15. JL iilog6 005900006000000 Lithophylacii Brit. Icono- graphia, London. WEHEDIERGs 00.0000000008 Amphit. Zootomicum. JANUINDIN 0050560000000 Remar. sur les Coq. Moules. Mém. Acad. Sci. Paris. 1709. 1710. JHOTUMTMPs03.0050500006 De la Formation et de l’ac- croissment des Coq. Mém. de Acad. SEP Vos cocossa000080c Rémarques sur les Moules des étang. Mém. Acad. des Sci., p. 408. JED copebadooobsos Gazophyllaceum. London. Nature et Artis. 1702 a alalal Leewwenhoek.........- Arcana Natura, &e., 4 vols. 4to. Ed. Lugd. Bat. I MUNE Go ouococadoooaKe Des. Thes. Rer. Nat., 1734 to 1765. Swammerdam......... Biblia Nature, pl. 10. Amgenvillé,........... Hist. Nat. pl. 31. Gwalivenc eee eer Index Testarum, pl. 7. Boring, Se v.25 Observations, &c. Phil. Trans., vol. xliii. ENMU 000000000008 Test. Theologia. Tellina (Hyria) rosea. AUPE 000000600000 Déscr. du Danube, &e. JOM UGUSs 060500000000 Iter-Westrogothicum Res., p. 187. JUGS 66000060 000000 Testaceo-Theologia, Leip- ; zig, p. 106. Swammerdam. ......- Bibel der Natur. Leipzig. IEA Ds 000000000000000 Tentamen Ostracol., pl. 9, 10, p. 128. Pontoppidon. ........ Hist. Nat. dela Norwége, t. 2, pl. 262. Valentym............- Voyage & Amboyne, pl. 14. GU dosapodeonasaces Monatl. Bélustigungen der Natur. Hamburg. CHMOMMrsoo0000000800 Opere Postume, pl. 14, t. 2. ANCPBO 10> 04 0000905000 Hist. Nat. du Senegal. Argenvillé..........-- Hist. Nat., 2d Ed., pp. 325, 381. HGQHOPPS c0'd00ad000b0%b0 Muschlen und andern Ges- chépfen. 1757 to 1772. ; * When in Paris, in 1853, Mr. Deshayes, now Professor in the Museum of Paris, and the author of that admirable work, Trazté Elémentatre de Conchyliologie, very kindly gave me a copy of his MS. list of the Bibliography of the Family Unztontde, which he had brought up to 1843, and numbering ever 250 entries. time of going to press. To these I have added a large number, and I have continued the list up to the It now consists of over 1100 works where some member of the Family is described or mentioned. It may be observed that some titles are much contracted. This has often arisen from the fact of their being cited at second hand, access to the original work not being possible. as well as by adding some items. 40 My friend Dr. Lewis, of Mohawk, N. Y., very kindly assisted me in the arrangement of my matter, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IGPU ao ooaccacecs Systema Nature, p. 671, 10° Ed. De Bergen.......-..-- Classes Conchyliorum, p. 108. Nuremberg. Ji, nascc000ca00000 Iconographia Lithophilacii Britannici, pl. 8, 2d Hd. Oxon. Schlotterbeck.......... In den Actis Helviticus. IEYVOGPs00500000000000 Gazophyllaceum. London. Geoffroy St. Hilaire...Coq. aux environs de Paris. JWRU> 6000000600080 Berliner Mag.,; vol. iv. Martini § Chemnitz... Neue Syst. Conch. 1769 to 1788. LOT P0.5.0000000000000 Hist. sive Synopsis Meth. Conch., new Ed. by Hud- desford. WOPROY)s 000000000000 Fundamenta Testaceologia. S@URHG > 600000ce00000 Syst. Abhandlung. &c. Ber- lin. 1771 to 1779. Knorr et Walch....... Hist. de petrifact. t. 4, pl. B’, B**, DUG lin 0.000000000000 Verzeichniss. Konchy. p. 141. JUNIOR. 0.960.0000000600 Vermium terr. et fluy. Hist. p. 210. IKIDOPI o6.5000000006 Dict. Hist. Nat. JROPARMS 6060000008000 Voyage dans le Levant, p. 123. Bonners nase ran ine Eléments de Conch. ID HONG o000b0ee00806 Rec. des Coq. fluy. et terr. de Paris. LTRS 60 dd aa a6 o00800 Prodrom. Zool. Danie, p. 245. IRAP 000080000000 Brit. Zool., vol. iv. p. 161, 162, pl. 46. 1777 to 1812. (SQ0MOWoo0000000000080 Introd.ad Hist. Nat. Prague. IBOP ooo ob boopoAOROC HO Index Rerum Nat. Mus. Cees. Vindobo. 8vo. IDG CO8iGno 0 con o0000¢ Conchyliol. Britan., p. 225. SWUROQWEPRs6 600000000000 Fluss Conchylien, p. 165. TAR GENDUUNE! wee eileen « Hist. Nat., 3d Edit., by Fa- vanne. : JEOPino 900606 .00600000 Testacea Mus. Ces. Vind., pl. 19, p. 20. Fol. JHOCHORD 360066000060 Hist. Nat. of D’Argenville, pl. 62, 75. Gronvoviusee eee Zoophilacium Gronoyianum p. 260. ANONYMOUS. ........ Der Natur. forch., t. 18, p.70. JBWOUD2 0000080850000 Collection de Plan. (fossil. ) Chemmnttzy inc acloce Conch. Cabinet. JEUAAYUS 0.0.04 00000000 Genera Vermium. 4to. Lon- don. ISWURWA 0000000000000 Einleitung in die Conch. Kenntniss, &c. 1788 to 1786. ISNGUGGPs 6.0 01000000000 Skrity. Naturh. Selsk. 3', p. 53. 1791. JEW 650000000000 Cat. d’un Cabinet, pl. 6, No. 1440, 1442. LEAS, cb0000n000000 00 Aufangs der Naturg., p. 595. LOO Le aasoooo 86K Univ. Conch., 3 vols. Lond. Kammerer.........+.. Die Conch. im Cab. zu Ru- dolstadt. JEGRUM 2000000000000 Einlentung., pl. 27, p. 119. Meuchens meee Museum Geversianum. Rot- terdam. LRURM ir accoc000ccc808 Genera Vermium Linn. pl. 2. CAMs oo 000000000000 Linn. Syst. Nature. Linneus & Gmelin....Syst. Nature, Linn., 13th Hdition. JHHHIOG: 00 000000000000 Dis. Hist. Nat. Nova Testa- ceorum Genera. Philips- son. LQOPHGdo 006 b00000000c Mus. Leskeanum, t.1, p.151. JHOURAio coos 006b0bo0a60 Voy. en Barbarie, t. 2, p. 11. Kelreuter............ Obs. Anat. Phys. Mytilus cygneus Lin., Noy. Ac. Soc. Imp. Petrop., tom. 6. SQTUCCH yar: cisisick svelte ots Vaterlandsche Bemerkun- gen der Naturg. Mal. Blatt. 1865. Bartram, W....-....- Travels through N. and 8. Carolina, Georgia, Flori- da, &c. in 1777. Bruguicre......-..... Sur une nouy. Anodontite. Mém. sur dif. Obj. Hist. Nat. JAROWA 1Gn03000000000 Naturg. Livlands. Polis oat uma reece Testacea Utriusque Siciliex, p. 2, t. 3. IEPOUGOWCROs 60000000600 Encycl. Meth. Vers., pl. 247, 249. SC Sacer ....dour. d’Hist. Nat., t. 1, p. 108. (QM oocnnacsscscosoWAaolls ANbIENR jos Ya}, Spengler.............- Skrifter af Naturhistorie Selskabet, vy. 3. SOURAWRS 00600000660 Versuch einer Vollstandiger Conch. nack Linn. Syst. OMAR bodaaocodeacdo Tableaux Elém. de 1’Hist. Nat. Paris. 12mo. Humphreys........++- Museum Calonnianun, p. 59. [MSS.] 717, Be BORED ODOOOG Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de Copen- hagen, t. 4 (1" pt.), p. 139. : IBOllen eter eee Museum Boltenianum. 2d Ed., in 1819. IDO OPA 566565800540 Mém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de Paris, p. 87. Montfort. ..... Boags0o Hist. Nat. des Moll., vol. 4. Paris. Lévetllé, dans Forster..Man. d’Hist. Nat., p. 201. DONOVAN. 66. eve eeeees Nat. Hist. of Brit. Shells, 5 vols., 1800 to 1804. 1804. THE UNIONIDZ. Draparnaud.......... Tabl. des Moll. terr. et fluv. de la France, p. 34, 106. JG HPOPOGs 050000000000 An. Soc. s. Vert., p. 114. MPO Un Eb sceoiessieces ssp tiayn sists Hist. des Coq. terr. et fluy. Depart. de |’ Aisne. WOGtkepeenontoneaaeoe Brit. Bivalve Shells, Linn. Trans., vol. vi. p. 158. Draparnaud.......... Tabl. des Moll. dela France. (Pamphlet. ) LRM oocacobeanbeGas Translation of Linnzeus’ ‘ Syst. Nature. London, Montagu. ............ Test. Brit., p. 33, 561. SUOPTmacons x0 onsecrce Deuts. Fauna, 6° part. 2°liv. p. 19. DUSEPROMs on000560008 Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. ii. p. 183. Mangili, Rich......... Zootom. di Conch. Bivalyi., Milan. Maton & Rackett...... Deser. Cat., Linn. Trans., vol. vill. p. 37 Draparnaud.......... Hist. des Moll. terr. et fluv., p. 131. LOMO 600000000006 Hist. Nat. des Moll., par Roissy, vols. v. and vi. LRU > 20.000 80000008e Buffon de Sonnini, t. 6, p. 317. JIGPUERY@> 200000200006 Essai d’un Méth. Conch., p. 85, 88. IRD Rs oo000c poonecs British Fauna. : Maton § Rackett...... Cat. Brit. Test., Trans. Lin. Soc., London. JG PGoasacaaonosaeoo Tavole di Classi. f. tay. 7. JOSE do 696800 iederearsccit Besch. Rost. Samml., vol. iii. p. 156. JE@HVOROB 006000000006 Phil. Zool., p. 1388. ATOR cosc9900060008 Linn. Trans., vol. x. p. 327, 329. ovgodoose -s+ssse..+...Rees’ Ency., art. Concholo- gy: Pilkington (Mrs.)....Goldsmith’s Nat. History, abridged, &e. JECRD)> oa060000000000 North Brit. Testacea, Mem. Wernerian Soc., vol. i. ZU DS Selo do cob edeoocd Erd. und Fluss Conchylien. Augsburg. Gunter eer oes ce eros Ann. des Mus. National, p. 19), JOG MTRABS 000900000040 Extrait du Cours du Zool., p. 106. /SOONGRWY oo saech 0005006 Min. Conch., pl. 33. Draparnaud.......... Moll. de la France. (CHTRTUGRS oocanesca0000 Versuch einer System. IGN so ocdcchseoo0 00 Moll. terr. et fluy., p. 73. SQBUGMRUo00c0c0ccnc00 Exp. de Egypt (Coq.), pl. 7. Blainville. ........... Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xiii. ECHR. on00000000006 Verst. Konch., Ann. der West., p. 316. WCUCTbsta sara sudere sete Zool. Miscell., vol. i. p. 119, Ed. Chenu, p. 15. 1814. 1815. 159 SOMA o000c00006000 Conch. Manual, 2d Edit., p. 139. JER Choo 09600 KD 00000 Coq. terr. et fluy. de Paris, p. 225, pl. 8. Brookes. ....... egtie Introd. to Study of Conch., p. 51, pl. 2. IFRODy oo0o6acoosedos Irish Testacea, Mem. of the ‘Wernerian Society, v. ii. ORs coaeacssavsocas Lehrb. d. Zool., p. 238, pl. 8. WOO canosgsanoebide General Conchology. LUEBUGUPoo.066600000000 Art. Conch. by Say, in Nich- olson’s Enecy., Am. Edit. SMa dcadasvoadavace Art. Conchol., 1st Am. Ed. Nicholson’s Enecyclop. CMBHARs 04000090000000 Réen. Anim., p. 472. Anat- omie des Moll. JDTWOO iss 050030069000 Descr. Cat. of Recent Shells 2 vols. 8vo., vol. i. p. 49. QaGRoonccconaccescoce Isis, p. 1167. Schumacher. ......... Essai d’un Nouy. Syst. des habitations des vers testa- cés. LUPO 35 0000000060000 Conch. Dict. of Brit. Islands IROUBRY> 000009000000 Useful Knowledge, &c. Phi- ladel., vol. iii. p. 292. IPO, 1, ococso006000 Account of Irish Testacea, Mem. Wer. Soc., vol. ii. p. 2. LMUGBsa000000000000000 Charac. et Descr. Test. cir- ca Tubingam. Rafinesque........+... Discoveries in Nat. Hist., Am. Mo. Mag., vol. iii. p. 854; vol. iv. p. 42, 107. HOOJosac00c00900000006 Art. Conchology, 2d Am. Ed. -Nicholson’s Encycl. OO edosggosoauDGOORC In Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. (Alasmodonta), vol. i. pt. 1, p. 459. SOME «600000900950 Conchyl. Sammlungen, p. 8. SWAY. 00000000000 Min. Conch., pl. 153, 154, 185. WWOOEs coaccensccccc0cce Index Testaceologicus. Blainwiles.. Obs. sur les branchies des Anodontes. Jl. de Phy., p. 127. IBO} QNUUS Nereololotale) tater Euber die Anthem. &c. Isis, 1819, 1820, 1827. OB. | Begosmdtreoore Organes Resp. &c., Journ. des Phys., t. 89, p. 108. Bruguieré........-+.. Ency. Method., 1819-1822. JIG RUBE 660000000006 Tabl. Syst., 1819 to 1834. JGR 090909009000 An. sans Vert., vol. vi. Rafinesqué.....-.----- In Jour. des Phys., t. 88, p. 417. COST San ehodenace In McMurtie’s Sketches of Louisville. SOfooooscecgapase0009 Art. Conchology, 3d Am. Ed. Nich. Encycl. 1824. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIGOARO os non060c0500 Min. Conch. TGR Doo acocascde0o85 Conch. Dict., p. 105, Nos. 19, 22. Donovan... 2.0.06 --\ British Shells. HEPUSSAC. » 000. eens Concordance Systématique, &c. Jour. de Phys. LGB nao 5000008000000 Synopsis of Brit. Mollusca. Rafinesque:......--..- Monographie des Coq. fluy. &e. in Ann. Gén. des Sci. Phys. Brussels, t. 3, pt. 15, p. 287. 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Children. ............ Transl. of Lamarck’s Gene- ra, Brand’s Jour., vol. xv. Ferussac. ............Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat., Paris. JESSIGP50.40000006000000 Synopsis Meth. Conch., 3d Edition. MIG 560000000000000 Linnean System of Conch- ology. Sheppard....cccereees Desc. of Seven New British Land and Fr. Wat. Shells. Trans. Linnean Soc., vol. xiv. p. 148. Sowerby, G. Br...s.es Genera of Shells, Fasc. No. 16, 1820-1824. SWAIN8ON...2-..0+-00% Phil. Mag., vol. Ixi. p. 112. Blainvillera- yr Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. xxxii. IBWW5 d.d060a0000000006 Hist. Nat. des Coq., t. 3, p. 135. 1825. LBV MOs oon50000000006 System der Urwoltlichen Konchylien. IDOE a6 s00000000 Depart. d’ Herault. IDYOOES 00000000000800 An Epitome of Lamarck’s Arrangement of Testacea. London. LEOHAMOs 0.050009600000 Cat. des Moll. terr. et fluy. de Geneve. istbaviaon aon on su0oods In Long’s Expedition to St. Peter’s River, vol. ii. p. 265. Sowerby, G. B...... . Obs. on the Lamarckian Nai- ades, Zool. Journ., vol. i. p. 53. 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Bouchard-Chanter- COUL Re Oran: BRON rhccnevars eto saat JERUMIUCROs on 0000000000 LATO, 5002000000000 JNGTORGr000000n000000 TROROO, hooccovcancas LEGRANMOG. 2000000605000 AV CRODUGMTs 0500066050 WORMUOTMG oo008060000 165 Moll. terr. et fluv. du Dé- part. dela Vienne, France. U. truncatosa. Mag. de Zool., pl. 85. Jabrb., p. 424. Polens Paleeontologie, p. 55. On Sexuality in Mussels. Archiv fur Natur., vol. iii. p. 51. Trans. Geol. Soc., vol. v. p. 491. Translat. of Kiener’s ‘‘Spe- cies Generales.”” Neue Sussw. Conch. Arch. fir Nat., t. 4, p. 180, 182. Mém. Géol. sur la Crimée. Suppl. to Cat. of Testacea, &c. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. of North’d and Durham, vol. ii. Notes on Land and Fr. Wat. Moll. of Gr. Britain. Jar- dine’s Mag. of Zool. and Botany. Review of Lea’s ‘‘Obserya- tions.”? Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxy. p. 184. Cat. des Moll. terr. et fluv. du Pas du Calais, p. 89. © Lethea Geognostica, 2d Ed. 2 vols. Cat. delle Conch. di Monfal- cone, p. 54. Moll. du Voyage Favorite. 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WGP HARs0 600606000000 Beit. zur Petrifacten, p. 108. IHOTUGRIp06006008000000 Verst. Oolit. Geb. Supp., p. 55. ‘Rossmasstler....-....-- Tconogr., 9 et 10° liv. p. 10. JBUGbo0 000000000000 Familiar Notice of the Shells of Essex Co. Jour. Essex Co. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. i, p. 47. SAG encircle: Catalogue of Animals of Michigan. Sowerby, G. B., Jr....Concholog’! Manual, p. 111. HGGYVO Ro 0006600000000 Desc. of New Shells. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxyv. p. 268. 1839. INTOOPS 060 60000000606 Cat. des Moll. terr. et fluy. de |’ Algierie, p. 39. Kier unlacisbenaonteson Penny Cyclop., Art. Mala- cology. PERO Dlooc.0000000000 Mollusea. Archiv fiir Na- turg., vol. ii. p. 201. Bonhommeé..........- Not. Bivalve. Reelez. In Grateloup’s Moll. de la France. Buvignier............ Cat. des Moll. de la Meuse, p. 10. Denay errr Catalogue of Animals, State of New York. Geol. Rep. and Assembly Docum’ts. JOGO, s00000000000 Die Thier und Pflanzen- Reste. Bull. Acad. Pet. RE Ors See ee cereus Urwelt Russland. 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NUTPUAb 6000000000006 In 22d Annual Report of Re- gents of the University of the State of New York, p. 17. (CORRE cooncashocnee Notes on Recent Moll. Am. Jl. Conch., vol. v. p. 104. (GOODE IDPa oo 05000008 Fauna of the Up. Missouri. Am. Nat., vol. iii. p. 297. OStie ail Dw Slonnanr versie Fresh Water Moll. of the Missouri River. Am. Nat. vol. iii. p. 417. JEGHIECTUOMn 60005000000 On Nomenclature. Am. Na- turalist, vol. iii. p. 159. JElCIGlo 5000000600000 Geol. of Tert. Form. of Da- kotaand Nebraska. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. vii. SG gnondc0edo00d Notes on Geol. of Wyoming and Colorado Ter. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. xi. p. A1, 44, 55. Lee SWarmrttrettenctesas Report on Geol. of Colorado and New Mexico. VERS SOOO DOE Ser New Species, Fresh Water Shells. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 124. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. vi. Cairn eer aaa NGG. cro Index to vol. xii. Observa- tions, and Supplementary Index to vols. i. to xii. Ly eae cponeu oon Are Unios sensitive to light ? Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xlvii. p. 480. HAE MoSonnoeoeOno-on Cat. of Shells of the Coosa River. Am. Jour. Conch., vol. v. p. 166. IG ROUPRGLDs 5500000060 Cat. des Moll. de la Vendée. Rey. et Mag., p. 51. NOU 5000006000000 Hssai sur la Faune Malac. de Belgique, &c. Brussels. 8vo. THE UNIONID &. U8G9S Morelet..-..-....-.4. Observ. Critique, &c. Jl. de Conch., p. 405. ne WORBacoscogcoancact Salt and Fresh Water Clams. Am. Naturalist, vol. iii. p. 26. Mousson. ......-..... Unionide from Magdalena, 8. Amer. Mal. Blatt., p. 185. se IPO cnecasseacoue Moll. of New Haven. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xiii, p. 154. se JRA CPoa0 coosnce50000 Novit. Conch. Plates, Part 35. Cassel. ob JEU Ns0000000060000 Unionide from Chili. In Malak. Blatter, vol. xvi. and Novitates Conch., pl. 103, 105. se SOWAMOD>.0000000000000 Monographs of Hyria and Castalia. Conch. Iconica, pts. 278, 279. fe SIMRAN. on00002000000 Cat. dei Moll. in Venezia. et ISECON.1US See eee: Rambles in Florida. Am. Naturalist, vol. iii. p. 402. ab INT Doron mane as dor On Land and Fresh Water Shells of Nicaragua. Am. Jour. Conch., vol. v. p. 151. ee IPOGEHLAloo9 0 00000800006 Bericht titber Moll. Archiv fiir Naturg., p. 58. Hs ERY ONS tcc io oe eta Reviews. In Am. Jour. Conch., vol. v. p. 54, 55, 112, 160, 184, 186, 190, 222, 225. ue Wii psooaccopoaodcs Are Unios sensitive to light? Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xlvii. p. 280. gadamadaconaans Uniones found in Kjoekken meeddings in Jowa. Am. Nat., vol. iii. p. 54. OPM. 0000000000806 Shells of California, &e. Proce. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. iv. p. 50, 57. 1870. 46 181 WBZO, OROBGoooccocacnsecce Varieties. Review of Conch. Icon. of Reeve, and The- saurus of Sowerby, Jl. de Conch., p. 253. fe Y DTG ore SE ORCHID OTIC Revision of Class of Moll. of Mass. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 240. By COUrancedmon cone Invertebrata of Massachu- setts. New edition by W. G. Binney. 8 Sharswood...........+ Unios sensitive to light. Am. Jl. Sci., vol. xlix., p. 422. REFERENCES WITHOUT DATES. FPO, thac0ce9000000000000 Art. Conchology. Encyclop. Britannica, 6th Edit., vol. vi. HMbacsAoar aad near Art. Conchology. Encycl. Edinensis, vol. ii. daaveuacsnnnlisverem cone ciete Art. Conchology. Popular Encyclopedia, vol. ii. ORCNUR Re ete IWustrations Conchyliolo- giques, &c. Paris. 3 vols. with plates. LEWUORGT Rs 0.000000009600000000 Catalogue of Shells found near Marietta, Ohio. JERRONTIR 0 600000000060800006 Catalogue of Shells of Ohio. Elyria, Ohio. TiC W4S eden cece seep tere ane Suggestions to Collectors. Pamphlet. MHI coacdgonondeocddccH006 Cat. of Mollusks of Michi- gan. THT Athosc90009e4000000000 MSS. Catalogue. LRUPRGI Bao o00000000000000005 Conchylien, &c. Fide Phi- lippi. SIV TROT! Weis vanes cee lence eal List of Shells, vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. [SOUBRUAPs 0000000000080 000000 MSS. in Brit. Museum. ISP UCZUS yaccveteaheteusiefatcuel ste leshe rer Fide Rossmissler’s Icono- graphie. Zerg len: waa stasis vest eesioe MSS AN Je IP Jah IN) ID Is. Srncz the printing of these Tables was commenced, about a year since, the following matter came under my notice, and I have deemed it important enough to put it in this form. In the Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for December, 1865, which came too late into my hands for notice in its proper place, I find a very interesting article entitled Notes on the ‘Geology of the Great Plain,” by Dr. Lamprey, Surgeon H. M.’s 67th Reg’t. In the care- ful examination of the district of Shanghai he gives the product of an artesian well, 252 feet deep. Between 45 and 60 from the surface “fragments of shells” were found, and plants and bark of a tree at 180 feet. In an earth pit, “‘land shells and stems of plants” were also found. ‘Two feet from the surface there were fossil shells of Paludina,” &c. p.11. Further on, p. 14, he says that “remains of shells belonging to Paludina, Planorbis, Unio, Anodonta, and Cyrena are scattered over the surface of the soil both in Kiang-see and Pe-chi-li, and buried in it at various depths. They are also found ‘still in a living state.” Among the bivalves found he says ‘‘I have met with a form (figs. 20 and 21) which appears to be a marine species; it is found in a fossil state in the low swampy ground at the south ' side of Tien-tsin city,” &¢. This very remarkable shell is unquestionably Z7iquetra contorta, Lea: see Obs. on Unio, vol. vi. p. 39, pl. 33, f. 33, specimens of which I obtained and described in 1857 in the Jour- nal of the Academy of Natural Science as coming from the fresh waters of Northern China, some of my specimens coming from Shanghai. Dr. Lamprey figures two other species of Unionide without specific names. “Anodonta, fig. 14,” is Dipsas discoideus, Lea. Obs., vol. i. p. 187. ‘Unio, fig. 15,” is Unio Wrightii, Lea. Obs., vol. xii. p. 43. He mentions other specimens, one of- which he says is an Anodonta of “10 by 63 inches.” This is evidently Dipsas plicatus, Leach. A ‘*Unio 8 inches by 53” is unknown among Chinese collections, and is probably a more perfect specimen of D. plicatus. A very valuable paper, ‘Ueber stidbrasilische Land- und Stisswasser Mollusken,” by Dr. Ed. von Martens, in Malakoz. Blatt. 1858, was not in my possession in time to place his name after the species cited which he there notices. There are twenty-nine species of Unionide which had been described by Lamarck, D’Orbigny, Spix, Ktister, Hupé, and myself, many of which he considers to be synonyms. Another valuable memoir came too late to be inserted in the systematic tables: “Beitrige zur Ent- wicklungsgeschichte der Najaden,” by Dr. F. A. Forel, Morges, Switzerland. This is a most able exposi- tion of the development of the Unionidx, giving the histology of the subject, and executed with a minuteness and perfection heretofore unreached as to embryonic development and anatomical exactness. There are three excellent plates with accurate figures of the progress of Maturation of the Ovarian Ege, Segmentation of the Yolk, Byssus organs, &c. Revision of the Classification of the Mollusca of Mass. By W. H. Dale Pro. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., Mar. 16, 1870. Mousson. Species described in Mal. Blatt. 1869, p. 185: Castalia ecarinata. Plagiodon rotundatus. Anodonta Wallist. 184. APPENDIX. Malzine, in Essai sur la Fauna Mal. de Belgique, 1869, gives the following as new species, which I con- sider as doubtful: Unio Lambottet. “ Ryckholtii. “ Robianot. Gentiluomo, in Bull. Mala. Ital., Pisa, vol. i.: Unio Lawleyianus. Morch, in Am. Jl. Conch., vol. v. p. 38, informs us that Unio Grenlandicus, Schrot., is the same as festu- dinarius, Speng. (marginalis, Lam.) from Tranquebar. Villa.