ee a eer eS a NAN RY ‘AS R A: LIB William Healey Dall Division of Mollusks Sectional Library This book was bound through the generosity of the NATIONAL CAPITAL SHELL CLUB Division of Vicon: ional! } Library Lea SPU SUS 7220 GZ OF THE FAMILY OF NAIADES/ BY ESAA4.C? iA, = > pe MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, ETC., ETC. PHILADELPHIA: CAREY, LEA AND BLANCHARD. LONDON: JOHN MILLER. 1836. sectional Library- Dept. of Moll. U.S. WN. M. Lea Collection. pes 909 HASWELL AND BARRINGTON, PRINTERS. CONTENTS. Page InrRopucTION. -— - - ee - Vv List of Authors” - - . - - - - vil Division of the Family Naiades - - - - 6 Genus Margarita’ - - - - - - - 10 Sub-genus Unio - - : - ae : 10 Sub-genus Margaritana - - - - - - ‘43 Sub-genus Dipsas_ - . - . - - - 47 Sub-genus Anodonta — - - - - - - 48 Sub-genus Pleiodon - 2 ae - - - 55 Genus Iridina - . - - - - - 56 Addenda - - - - - - - = 61 Seve? } a5 Pa) oxte A eh Sahl it HO toi ij wae aS vie ., SGA KA etsy aa tell n cic ate abi cinyyele iWin TE ie pa aeiteg ai INTRODUCTION. Tuts systematic arrangement and synonymy was commu- nicated to the American Philosophical Society in July last nearly in the form in which it is now printed. It was undertaken purely with the view and in the hope of clear- ing away the difficulties which had incumbered one of the most interesting families of the Mollusca. Jn this attempt the author met, while pursuing his task, with obstructions and difficulties which he little anticipated at its commence- ment. The want of some of the books of reference, and the confusion which reigned throughout many of them, some- times presented obstacles which seemed almost insurmount- able. In attempting to establish the synonymy, he has endeavoured te render the strictest justice, and if in any case it is found he has failed to do this, it will be a matter of sin- cere regret to him. In the following tables there will be found in the family 300 recent species as admitted, 22 as doubtful, and 22 fossil ; in all 344. Of the sub-genus Unio there are 226 species in a recent state, and 14 which I have not been able to admit as certain; of fossil species 21. +2 INTRODUCTION. Of the sub-genus Margaritana there are 14 admitted spe- cies, and 2 which are unknown to me. Of the sub-genus Dipsas I know of but two species, both of which are recent. Of the sub-genus nodonta there are 50 admitted species, and 6 which are unknown to me. Of fossil species there is one which is doubtful. Of the sub-genus Plezodon there is but one species, and that recent. ‘ The genus Jridina has 7 species, all recent. LIST OF AUTHORS. The following authors are quoted, and their names chiefly ab- breviated :— Bosc. Bouil.—Bouillet. Blain.—Blainville. Bar.—Barnes. Brug.—Bruguiére. Ben.—Benson. Crouch. Con.—Conrad. Chem.—Chemnitz. Caill.—Cailliaud. Cooper. Dill.— Dillwyn. Desh.—Deshayes. Drap.—Draparnaud. Des Moul.—Des Moulins. Don.—Donovan. Den.—Denham. Eat.—Eaton. Fer.—Ferussac. Flem.—Fleming. Fork.—Forkeil. . Far.—Farines. be Gray. Green. Grat.—Grateloup. Grono.—Gronovius. Gmel.—Gmelin. Hild.—Hildreth. Humph.—Uumphreys. Klein. Knorr. Lam.—Uamarck. Lesueur. List.—Lister. Mort.—Morton. Mich.—Michaud. Monta.—Montagu. Mat.—Maton. Mihl.—Miuhlfeld. Menke. Nil.—Nilsson. Poir.—Poiret. vill Pfeif.—P feiffer. Poli. Pay.—Payraudeau. Phil.—Phillips. Retz.—Retzius. Rav.—Ravenel. Ross.—Rossmaeler. Raof.—Rafinesque. Shep.—Shepherd. Speng.—Spengler. Stud.—Studer. Schmidt. Schroet.—Schroeter. Solan.—Solander. LIST OF AUTHORS. Sow.—Sowerby. Schum.—Schumaker. Spx. Swain.—Swainson. Say. Turt.—Turton. Valen.—Valencienes. Wag.—Wagner. Wood. Voldi. Zeig.—Zeigler. SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY NAIADES. Most of the distinguished authors who have written on the subject of the division of the Family Natades of Lamarck, have acknowledged the extreme difficulty they have encoun- tered in separating it into subdivisions. This difficulty is not peculiar to the Natades. In most of the families where a great number of species have been observed, we find the spe- cies so merging, and in some of their characters so fading away into each other, that we scarcely know how, indeed in some instances it is impossible, to make the separation with pre- cision. “ Natura non facit saltum.”’ In the vegetable kingdom the same obstructions to a system are encountered. The ob- servations of Lindley* are so just and philosophic, that I can- not refrain from quoting them here :— “ Species are created by Nature herself, and remain always the same, in whatever manner they may be combined: they _ form the basis of all classification, and are the only part of it — * See Intro. to Botany, p. 307. B gt: ' 2 SYNOPSIS OF which can be considered absolute. For although in a natural system, all other combinations, whether genera, tribes, orders, or by whatever name they may be known, comprehend spe- cies agreeing much more with each other than with anything else, and having a positive general resemblance in the majority of their features, yet no fixed limits can be assigned to any of them; on the contrary, they pass, by means of various inter- mediate species, into the other genera, tribes, orders, &c., to which they are most nearly allied. For this reason, viz., that no fixed limits can be assigned to orders, genera, &c., we find the ideas about them fluctuating with the degree of our know- ledge ; which is the true cause of those changes in the limits of genera, &c., which persons unacquainted with the subject are apt to consider arbitrary ; but which, in skilful hands, are dependent upon a progressive advance in the knowledge of science.” Blainville, in his “ Manuel de Malacologie,”’ divides the Naiades (his Sub-mytilacea) into “2nodonta and Unio, but thinks that species will be found which will make these to be united.* Sowerby says, “ the difficulty of ascertaining to which genus of Lamarckian Naiades certain species belong, arises from the very general similarity of form,” &c.; “in fact, an examina- tion of a sufficient number of species will prove that no de- pendence can be placed upon the characters by which authors usually attempt to discriminate between these genera, and that the transition from one to another is so gradual in some in- stances, and so strongly marked in others, that it is not sur- * See page 540. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 3 prising that authors who having only met with certain species, and not being aware of such intermediate links, should have considered them as the types of new genera.’’* And further, “ we think we have already said enough to prove, that unless it be thought wise to elevate each of the peculiar sorts we have mentioned, and many more, into distinct genera, it will be positively necessary to unite them altogether under one generic appellation.’’?. Swainson (Zool. Illus. second series,) divides this family into Unio, Hyria, Iridina, Anodon, and “lasmodon, but in describing 4n. ariolatus speaks of the genera gliding into each other. Deshayes, in his edition of “ Lamarck’s Animaux sans Ver- tebres,’”’ says it is impossible to separate the genera of the Naiades. ‘“ Nous pourrions prendre pour exemple celui des genres qui est consideré comme l’un des mieux caractérisés. Le genre symphynote est fondé sur ce caractere remarkable que les deux valves sont soudées entre elles le long du bord superieur,”’ etc. “ Nous concluons que tout ce grand ensem- ble ne peut et ne doit former qu’un suel genre constituent a lui seul la famille des Nayades.’’t * Zoolog. Jour. Vol. I. + Vol. VI. p. 526.—I will be excused in taking this opportunity to correct an erroneous impression on the mind of M. Deshayes. He says I was not able to examine the collection of the museum of Paris. ‘“ Malgre cette imper- fection qu’il ne pouvoit empecher, le travail de M. Lea se recommende a I’at- tention des naturalistes par ces observationes judicieuses, des descriptions exactes,”’ etc. It would be strange indeed, if after spending so many years in the study of this family, that I should neglect, while in Paris, to see the col- lection from which Lamarck made so many descriptions. I was frequently at the museum, and on one particular occasion, by appointment of MM. Blain- ville and Ferussac, arranged in the presence of these and other gentlemen all the species of the Wazades that were in the museum, and named them; and also presented to the museum about fifteen species which were not there. I also did the same thing for Baron Ferussac, having designated every specimen in his cabinet belonging to this family. 4 SYNOPSIS OF It might be expected that some attempt of the application of M‘Leay’s circular system should be made in regard to this family. Swainson says that “ the progression of every natural series is in a circle.’’* In my attempts to prove this, I have not been successful. That the same idea exists in the con- struction of species is evident through a great number, but that this idea is returned to the point at which it commenced I am not prepared to assent to. To form a systematic, and so far as possible a natural ar- rangement of this family has long occupied my serious atten- tion. I was, from my first knowledge of the family, struck with the very different aspect of the winged species, and taking the hint of Lamarck,t I thought that an important division could be made by separating the connate from the free shells, and proposed the name of Symphynota for such as were connate. I was not satisfied at that time in separating a genus of this family by a character differing from that of the teeth, but pre- sumed that the family would be taken up by some one, if not by myself, and that the first division of it would be symphy- note and ,non-symphynote Natades. The numerous new species which have been made known since, have satisfied me that this character cannot be so extensively and usefully ap- plied as I then thought it could, and that it is not in fact free from the same objection which pervades so many generic characters as adopted by the most intelligent naturalists, viz., * Swainson, in Lard. Cyel, Nat. Hist. p. 247. t+ Vol. VI. p. 76. THE FAMILY NATADES. & that perfect fading and mingling of character which interferes with all the systems yet formed. Sowerby, after examining into the propriety of dividing the family into genera, came to the conclusion of keeping but one genus, viz. Unio: this he divided into A without teeth, B with teeth. These he subdivided into winged and not winged. Another subdivision followed these, on the pre- sence, form and absence of teeth. There is evidently much merit in this division ; but it is not perfect ; nor ought we to expect perfection, I believe, in any system. Ferussac in- formed me when in Paris that he proposed to consider the Family Naiades to consist of one genus, Margatifera, which genus he divides into the following subgenera: 1. 2nodonta, 2. Iridina; 3. Dipsas ; 4. Triquetra;* 5. Alasmodonta; 6. Unio. After mature reflection, I have come to the conclusion, in forming this systematic arrangement and catalogue, to divide the family into two genera, Margarita and [ridina, and the first into swhgenera. In the fact, as we are informed by M. Deshayes, that Zridina possesses tubes, I think, although the form of the dorsal margin of the valves is without teeth, as in the @nodonta, it must be considered a distinct genus from Unio, which we must recollect like nodonta, &c. forms two temporary tubes with the posterior edge of the mantle which is fringed with cilia or palpi, serving to determine the direction of the jet of water which flows in a constant stream through the superior temporary tube. Under this system, the * Klein. This it would appear Baron F. intended should embrace my genus Symphynota, as he included all he knew of them except S. dialata, 6 SYNOPSIS OF best place for the Symphynote shells would be a division of the subgenera into Symphynote and Non-Symphynote. | Se Thee 1. Subgenus Unio, fe es e—Unio ala onl Non-Symphynote — Having a cardinal and lateral tooth. : : Unio pictorum,” &e. Symphynote — Alas. 5 2. Subgenus Margaritana, complanata,° &c. 4 Non-Symphynote— pa Having one tooth (cardinal). < ae eae Alas. undulata,’ &e. i = 3. Subgenus Dipsas, Symphynote — Dipsas $ Having a linear tooth under the plicatus.° Z, dorsal margin. a ds) Symphynote — Sym. 4. Sub Anodont Boe Te Mi Non-Symphynote — aving no . « “7: ayes { An. fluviatilis, &e. . oa . Subgenus Pleiodon, Non-Symphynote — P. Set Having the dorsal line granulate. Macmurtriei. On Norsr.—It should be remarked here that this ge- nus is not used on Lamarck’s character, “ charniére tuberculeuse dans sa longueur,” but with that of the animal’s having tubes, otherwise it must go with the subgenus nodonta. I believe that the same spe- cies may be observed with and without a tubercu- II. Genus Iripina. FAMILY NAIADES. -———— lei hinge. * A new genus proposed by Mr. Conrad for a beautiful shell from Liberia. a Of Say. b Of Lamarck. © Of Bames. d Of Say. © Of Leach. Only two species yet known, this and S. discoidea, Lea. f Lea. § Mytilus furiatilis, Sol. Dill. &c. An. cataracta, Say. h Conrad. In the text this name is Macmurtrei: that of the plate is most correct. ; THE FAMILY NAIADES. 7 After the divisions of Symphynote and Non-Symphynote shells, we have what appears to me four very natural subdi- visions, Viz. : 1. Plicate shells.* 2. Nodulous shells.t 3. Spinous shells. + 4, Smooth shells.§ Each of these subdivisions may be again separated accord- ing to the form of their outline, thus : 1. Quadrate.* . Triangular.® . Oblique.° Oval.! Oblong.° Subrotund.! Wide.% . Obovate." 9. Arcuate.! The shell is supposed to be lying on ‘ts side with the liga- HUA A P w w * As Unio plicatus. Lesueur. { As Unio pustulosus. Lea. + As Unio spinosus. Lea. § As Unio complanatus. (U. purpureus. Say.) No regard of course is paid in this division to the folds or undulations of the beaks, as all the species are more or less disposed to this character. a As U. asperrimus. Lea. b As U. triangularis. Barnes. ¢ As U. clavatus. Lam. d As U. crassus. Say. e As U. complanatus. Solander. f As U. circulus. Lea. & As U. rectus. Lam. h As U. modioliformis. Lieu. 1 As Me margaritifera. Al. arcuata. Barnes. 8 SYNOPSIS OF ment furthest removed from the observer, and the beak to the right of it. The base will of course be nearest to him, and the anterior margin to his right, while the posterior margin will be to the left. This is my mode of arranging my whole cabinet. | In attempting to make a complete synopsis of the Natades, much labour has necessarily been bestowed upon it. I do not present this as a perfect work, but as much so as I could with the opportunities in my possession make it. Errors may have arisen from two sources: first, default of judgment ; second, accidental, owing to the mass of research necessary to accomplish the object, considering the crude state the sub- ject was in. I shall be most agreeably disappointed if there be not parts pointed out as erroneous which are substantially correct. It will be observed that the works of M. Rafinesque are but little quoted. This has arisen from the utter impossi- bility of satisfying myself as to his species. The cause of which was, at an early period, the abandonment of pursuing the impracticable task of making them out. His own dis- crepancy in the names sent to Ferussac,* and those which are attached to specimens here, together with the want of accordance in the tables made out by his friends, have induced me to regard his claims as being too slender to rely upon the decisions, so contradictory of the several parties, in the ab- * « Les erreurs involuntaires qui échappent a M. Rafinesque dans ses en- vois augmentent aussi la difficulté de reconnaitre ses espéces. Nous avons recu de lui les mémes coquilles sous différents noms, et d’autres avec les noms évidemment autres que ceux qu’elles portent dans sa Monographie. Il en est résulté une difficulté inextricable pour la détermination de ses espéces, et pour pouvoir établir une synonymie exacte entre lui et les autres qui, de- puis, se sont occupés des Mulettes.”—Odservations, p. 13. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 9 sence of the individual specimens noted. In the absence of these specimens, which no naturalist has, I believe, ever seen but the Professor, I feel myself compelled to prefer other au- thorities which are now almost universally received by our men of science. Iam the more fortified in this conclusion, when I see that his most ardent advocate acknowledges that he has made six species from a single one ;* and the absurdity is still stronger when we turn to Prof. R.’s monograph, and find that this single species has furnished several genera, and is placed in fact in two different sub-families Lis In regard to the Catalogue published last year by Baron Ferussac, in which he gives precedence to many of Professor Rafinesque’s names, it must be remembered that this has been done on the authority of others, and not from the inspection of the subjects themselves. Had he known the manner in which these claims had now been brought forward, he certainly would have admitted them with doubt. It will be observed that I have inserted in this “ Synopsis’ many new species which may not be recognized at once as mine. These are contained in my late Memoirs read at various times before the American Philosophical Society, and will, I hope, shortly appear in its Transactions. * Conrad’s Synoptical Table on New Fresh Water Shells of the United States, p. 72. U.triangularis. | 10 SYNOPSIS OF FAMILY NAIADES, Lamarck. GENUS MARGARITA. Subgenus Unio. € TRIANGULAR. angulatus. ea.* Hyria corrugata.t Lam. Sow. Mya angulata. Wood. Unio corrugata. Blain. Unio rugosus. Wagner.t PLICATE. he, o— Paxyodon ponderosus. Schum. Triptodon rugosus. Syia.t gigas. Lea. Lymnadia gigas. Stain. SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. eee * It will be observed, throughout this Synopsis, that where any change has been made of generic or specific names, that I have placed my name there. This is not done with a view to claim any merit, but in accordance with that which is usually done. The object is to show the author of the change, and nothing further. { This specific name having been used by the older conchologists, as well as Lamarck, for a shell from India, (Unio corrugata,) it becomes necessary, as I retain that as the older, to change this, which I do, to Wood’s name. + On the authority of Ferussac. SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. | SMOOTH. | | ; ' | | | THE FAMILY NAIADES. 11 TRIANGULAR. inflatus. Lea. Symp. inflata. Zea, in Trans. Am. P. S. alatus. Say. Unioalatus. Say. Lam. Swain. Bar. Hild. Mya alata. Wood. Symp. alata. Lea, Trans. Am. P.S. syrmatophorus. Lea. Mya syrmatophora. Gronovius. Gmel. Wood. Dill. Hyria avicularis. Lam. Crouch. Hyria syrmatophora. Sow. Hyria elongata? Swain. Unio caudatus.* Wagner. Prisodon obliquus. Schum. Prisodon truncatus. Schum. ‘Diptodon fuscatum.* Spex. levissimus. Lea. Symp. levissima. Lea,inTr.A.P.S. Haton. Unio levissima. Deshayes. gracilis. Barnes. Hild. Unio planus. Barnes. Unio fragilis. Swain. Symp. gracilis. Lea,inTr.Am. P.S. Haton. compressus. Lea. Symp. compressa. Lea, in Trans. Am. P. 8. * On the authority of Merussac. 12 SYNOPSIS OF QUADRATE. Nicklinianus. Lea. celatus. Con. multiplicatus.* Lea. Unio heros. Say, in Disseminator. Unio undulatus. Say, Am. Conch. No. 2. Deshayes. Unio heros. Say, Am. Conch. No. 6. Unio costata? Raf: Unio costatus. Con. | | undulatus. Bar. Valen. Hild. Desh. plicatus. Lesweur. Say. Bar. Eat. Hild. Unio Peruviana. Lam. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. PLICATE | Unio rariplicata. Lam. Unio Dombeyanus. Valen. | Unio undulata. Desh. | Unio multiplicata. Desh. | trapezoides. Lea. | | Unio crassidens. Lam. Var. a eran: Unio interruptus.t Say. 7 * When I described the multiplicatus in 1830, I had had several speci- mens for two or three years, and was not aware that Mr. Say had published a shell under the name of heros, which he subsequently abandoned as the wn. dulatus of Barnes; but in 1834 reclaimed as heros. I consider that Mr. Say’s abandonment of the species entitles me to it, if my previous claim be not sufficient. + Mr. Say, in his “Synonymy,” claims precedence in this species, although THE FAMILY NAIADES. 13 TRIANGULAR. ambiguus. Lea. Castalia ambigua. Lam. Unio ambigua. Blain. Desh. Mya ambigua. Wood. foliatus.* ald. Unio flexuosa? Raf. Unio flexuosus. Con., in text, Monograph ; page &. Unio foliatus. Con., in plate 4, Monograph. OVAL. pliciferus. Lea. WIDE. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. PLICATE multistriatus. Lea. subtentus. Say. Con. icus. Lea. hee ok Conradicus ea my Memoir bears date May, 1830, while his is December, 1831. (See Tran- sylvania Journal, Vol. V.) The reader will not after this be surprised to be told that J Ir. Say does not allow me, in his very incorrect “ Synonymy,” to be the discoverer of a single new species of Unio from our western waters! ! I may be allowed also to state, that [do not understand why he gives the same name to two of his different numbers: thus, he calls No. 17, U. inter- ruptus, Rafin.; and No. 47, U. interruptus, Say. The species are evidently distinct. * The male of foliatus is certainly a triangular shell-—the female differs in form very much, having a deep inflection on the posterior basal margin. It may be doubted if this should be considered a plicate shell. I consider that the folds of the growth, particularly in the male shells, requires it to be placed there, 14 SYNOPSIS OF ( WIDE. acutissimus. Lea. | Merchisonianus. Lea. Unio Douglasiz? Gray. d Grayanus. Lea. ARCUATE. ponderosus. Lea. PLICATE. Mya ponderosa. Solan. Dill. | Mya crassa. Wood. [ QUADRATE. lacrymosus.* Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. 4 asperrimus.t Lea. NODULOUS. Unio quadrulus. Say. { [ fragrosus.{ Con. * Tt is a matter of some doubt, if this be more than a beautiful variety of asperrimus, (nobis.) Future observation must. determine. Ferussac and some other zoologists think it is distinct. 2st + Mr. Say supposed this to be the rugosus, Barnes. Two specimens re- ferred to by Mr. B. as rwgosus were under my inspection, and proved to be— the one a flat metanevra, Rafin., the other a plicatus, (Lesueur.) Mr. B. in his reclamation, recognises his rugosus as U. Peruviana, Lam., which shell is undoubtedly the plicatus, (Lesueur and Say.) + This shell has been considered the female of asperrimus, (nobis,) but I am, after the examination of many specimens, disposed to think it to be dis- tinct. Some of our best western naturalists think it to be the true rugosus of Barnes. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. Fe ee a ee eee ee NODULOUS. ee 7 THE FAMILY NAIADES. QUADRATE. Phillipsii. Con. pustulatus. Lea. Schooleraftensis. ea. Unio prasinus. Con. TRIANGULAR. apiculatus. Say. asper. Lea. stapes. Lea. metanever. Lea. Unio metanevra. Raf. Unio nodosus. Bar. Unio rugosus. (Flat) Bar. Unio metanevrus. Con. cornutus. Bar. Unio reflexa? Raf. Unio reflexus. Con. SUBROTUND. pustulosus. Lea. Unio verrucosus. Bar. Unio verrucosa. Valen. Var. 6. 15 16 SYNOPSIS OF ( SUBROTUND. Unio verrucosus albus. Say; but not of Az/- dreth.* turgidus. Lea. Unio Mortoni. Con. Cooperianus. Lea. verrucosus. Bar. Lat. Unio tuberculata? Raf. Unio tuberculosa. Valen. Unio verrucosus purpureus. Hild. Unio tuberculatus. Con. nodulosus. Lea. Mya nodulosat Wood. Dill. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. ee ee NODULOUS irroratus. Lea. Eaton. Unio verrucosus albus. Hild. dromas. Lea. * A specimen sent to me by Dr. Hildreth as Unio verrucosus albus, proved to be a true zrroratus, (nobis.) { This shell, as figured by Wood in his “General Conchology,” seems to me to be distinct from the pustulosus, (nobis,) with which it has been con- founded. The figure of Wood is longer than any pustulosus I have seen, and the epidermis is much darker, (“bottle green.”)) The nodules are more numerous about the beaks, and the lateral tooth is longer and thicker. I doubt if the nodulosus be an American species. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 17 ( OBLIQUE. ‘Esopus. Green. Unio cicatricosus. Con.; not of Say. Unio varicosus. Con. ; not of Lea. varicosus. Lea. Unio cicatricosus? Say.* Hn = perplexus. Lea. S % Unio. gibbosus? Raf. 3g 8 Unio gibbosus. Con. |] 6 S ° | wipe. S Leaii. Gray. en) 5 granosus. Brug. Lam. ea a tuberculatus. Bar. Hat. Hild. >) a Nove Hollandie. Gray. | eylindricus. Say. Hat. Hild, [ Unio naviformis. Lam. Blain. Valen. Sf z spinosus. Lea. py * Never having seen the specimen described by Mr. Say as cicatricosus, I am unable to decide if it be the same with varicosus, (nobis.) Two things mentioned by Mr. Say induce me to doubt it. He calls his “a common spe- cies,” and says it is “distinguishable by the single series of transverse eleva- tions on the middle.” The latter remark does not apply to varicosus, and I have always deemed it a rare shell. 18 SYNOPSIS OF- 'f QUADRATE. arceformis. Lea. Unio nexus.* Say. Di ~ Z =) TRIANGULAR. iS | triangularis. Bar. Eat. Hild. Say. = Unio formosus.t Lea. (Male.) = a Unio cuneatus. Swain. ZV 8 a | a 5 4 elegans.t Lea. = a | donaciformis.§ Lea. Z © =| | zigzag. Lea. Eat. heterodon. Lea. * Say and Conrad both commit the error of giving precedence to nexus. My description of arceformis is in my memoir, read before the American Philosophical Society, May 20, 1831, while Mr. Say’s was first described in the Transylvania Journal of December 1831. Subsequently he republished it in his American Conchology, No. 6, where he places erroneously the date of 1832 to my memoir. { Mr. Barnes’s description of triangularis was made from a female shell, and mine from the male. There being an obvious distinction of the sexes in every specimen, my error was a very natural one, as we had no idea at the time of sexual differences in the Waades. + Mr. Say thinks that Mr. Barnes’s undulatus, Var. a., is the same with elegans. I think differently, and would fortify my opinion in the fact, that Mr. B. does not mention the zigzag rays which are strikingly singular in the elegans, and could not have failed to have elicited his remarks had it been under his eyes. § I have expressed my doubts, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. IV., page 84, (page 94 in “ Observations on the Genus Unio,” &c.) if this be more than a fine variety of zigzag, (nobis.) Mr. Say gives it as a synonym to nervosus, Raf., and Mr. Conrad as truncata, Raf. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 19 { { TRIANGULAR. penitus.* Con. Unio depressa.t . Raf’; but not of Lam. camelus. Lea. ovatus, Say. Lam. Bar. Valen. Eat: Fiild. Con. Unio ventricosus. Desh. securis. Lea. Eat. Unio subovatus. Desh, SMOOTH. (a Unio oceidens. Desh. subovatus.{ Lea. ‘ erassidens.§ Lam. Unio cuneatus. Bar. Eat. Hild. Unio niger? Raf Unio niger. Con. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. | | | earbonarius. Lea. * T received from Judge ait of Alabama, in 1830, several specimens of this species, but they were not sufficiently perfect to imduce me to publish them. Mr. Conrad does not mention the rays, a very peculiar character of which is their being dotted somewhat like those of securis, (nobis,) but in a lighter manner. + Mr. Conrad makes depressa, Raf., elipsaria, Raf., and secwris, (nobis,) synonymous with lineolata, Raf. Mr. Say does the same, with the excep- tion of ellipsaria, which he considers distinct; while Mr. Rafinesque himself places lineolata and ellipsaria in different subgenera ! ! + Mr. Say makes “ ventricosus, Bar., occidens, (nobis,) subovatus, (nobis, ) (var.), and capax, Green, (var.),” synonymous with cardium, Raf. In my opinion they form at least three, perhaps four distinct species. § Crassidens, Var. a, Lam., is trapezoides, (nobis.) 20 SYNOPSIS OF TRIANGULAR. gibber. Lea. pumilis. Lea. rubiginosus. Lea. Barnesianus. Lea. Sowerbianus. Lea. SMOOTH. solidus. Lea. obliqua. Lam. Unio undatus. Bar. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. f | | pileus. Lea. | | | Unio trigonus.* Say and Con.; not of Lea. Unio mytiloides. Hat. Unio undulatus. Desh. Unio cordatus? Raf Unio cordatus. Con. — * Say and Conrad both give trigonus (nobis) as a synonym to undatus, Barnes. It is difficult for me to understand why they should not at once on comparison be recognised as different species. The ¢rigonus is always more angular on the umbonial slope, and the undulations at the tips of the beaks differ. This may be observed particularly in the young and perfect specimens. If a doubt could be admitted as to the difference of the form of the shell, the colour of the animal in trigonus would at once settle the question. It is peculiar, and differs from all the species I know in being of so deep a colour as to be almost red. Some years since, when I described this species, I deposited a specimen in the Academy of Natural Sciences of this city, with its proper name appended. Subsequently, I found the Academy had prefixed the name of wndatus, Barnes, to the label, and I presume this error is still continued there. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 21 TRIANGULAR. pyramidatus. Lea. Unio rubra? Raf: Unio mytiloides. Con. mytiloides.* Raf: Mya obliqua. Wood. i OBLIQUE. eee Troostensis. Lea. Unio trabalis. Con. SMOOTH. ee Tigris. fer. Taitianus. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. a cor. Con. truncatus. Swain. decisus. Lea. Con. * The difficulty of recognising Mr. Rafinesque’s species is well illustrated in this one. Mr. Conrad considers triangularis, Raf., as the type, and gives the following names of the same author as synonyms, viz.: lateralis, sin- toxia, pachostea, mytiloides, and rubra; thus charging him with making six species of one. But what is still more extraordinary, this single species, (agreeably to Mr. Conrad’s synonyms,) is not only divided by Mr. R. into different subgenera, but into different genera, and even into two DIFFERENT subramities!! See New Fresh Water Shells of the United States, p. 72. and Mr. Rafinesque’s “ Monographie.” In Mr. Say’s “ Synonymy,” ¢riangularis, Raf., is considered to be the same as ellipsis ! (nobis.) SYNOPSIS OF . OBLIQUE. clavus. Lam. Con. Unio sealenia. Raf: | © C\s) Unio modioliformis. Say; not of Lea. patulus. Lea. Ravenelianus.* Lea. sulcatus. Lea. Hat. Say. Unio ridibundus. Say. Eat. (Female.t) SMOOTH. Haysianus. Lea. ellipsis.t Lea. at. castaneus. Lea. OVAL. l * Mr. Conrad has subsequently published a different species under this Tampicoensis. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. ———“——M“— ———wwue i ee S{ name. + For some years I was satisfied that Mr. Say’s ridibundus was only a variety of sulcatus, (nobis.) There cannot now, however, scarcely be a doubt but that it is the female of that species; but it must be remarked, that this serrated shell is usually found smaller than the other; a circumstance not common with the females of other species. Mr. 8. describes and figures ridi- bundus in No. 1 of “American Conchology,” but does not insert it in his « Synonymy” in No. 6. + Mr. Say, in his “ American Conchology,” refigures this, and recognizes my name. Subsequently, in his “Synonymy,” he makes it a synonym of triangularis, Raf. Mr, Conrad says it is olivarius, Raf. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 23 OVAL. Lecontianus. Lea. perdix. Lea. pectorosus. Con. ventricosus. Bar. occidens.* Lea. Unio ventricosus. Say. . globosa. Lea. Sym. globosa. Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Unio capax? Green. ochraceus. Say. Con. Sym. ochracea, Lea, Trans. Am. P. S. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH splendidus. Lea. cariosus. Say. Bar. Unio cariosa.t Lam. Unio ovata. Valen. Unio luteola. Con.; not of Lam. aoa perovatus. Con. * This and the preceding shell are so nearly allied, that it is a matter of doubt with me if it would not be preferable to unite them. Subsequent ex- amination may throw sufficient light upon them to decide with certainty. Among Mr. Barnes’s varieties of ventricosus, it is evident there are several distinct species. + U. cariosa, Lam. (Var. 2,) is the Alas. marginata, Say. SYNOPSIS OF: OVAL. altilis. Con. | multiradiatus. Lea. Unio fasciola? Raf. | Unio fasciolus. Con. Unio ligamentina. Desh. perovalis. Con. capseformis. Lea. Greenii. Con. pictus. Lea. teniatus. Con. interruptus. Lea. . venustus. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. a a re ee ee SMOOTH crassus. Say. Bar.* Unio ellipticus. Bar. Unio carinatus. Bar. Unio ligamentina. Lam. Mya gravis. Wood. Unio fasciatus. Con.t * Mr. Barnes made eleven varieties of crassus ; most of which were no doubt distinct species, some were plicate. + Mr. Conrad thinks the crassus of Say is fasciata of Mr. Rafinesque. An THE FAMILY NAIADES. 25 ( OVAL. orbiculatus. Hdd. Unio abruptus.* Say. Unio crassus. Con. australis. Lam. ' Hydianus. Lea. SMOOTH. Unio inflatus. - Bar. Childreni.t Gray. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. pulcher. Lea. radiatus. Lam. Bar. Hild. Unio Virginiana. Lam. luteolus. Lam. Unio siliquoideus.t Bar. Con. [ Mya radiata. Gmel. Wood. Dill. examination of his description ought to satisfy any one that the crassus of Say could not have been under the eye of the author when he made his de- scription of fasciata. * The specimen figure by Mr. Say in Amer. Conch. No. 2, is a female shell. The male shell is not abrupt at the posterior margin. t Mr. Say makes siliqguotdeus the same with viridis, Raf. Ferussac, in his cabinet, makes it the same with fasciata, Raf. Mr. Conrad makes it the same with vittata, Raf. Ferussac, in his “Observations,” states the inex- tricable difficulty resulting from the confusion caused by Mr. Rafinesque.— See “ Observations,” p. 13, in Magazin de Zoologie. + I have never seen this species, but presume, from the figure in Griffith’s Cuvier, very poor as it evidently is, that it is a distinct species. E NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH. OO SYNOPSIS OF Mya oblongata. Wood. Mya pictorum tenuis. Chem. Medellinus. Lea. notatus. Lea. Vanuxemensis. Lea. Nashvillianus. Zea. Zeiglerianus. Lea. lienosus. Con. obseurus. Lea. delodontus. Lam. Unio lacteolus. ea. lamellatus. Lea. Bengalensis. Lea. ceruleus. Lea. Ben. olivarius. ea. Ben. Batavus. Lam. Pfeif. Flem. Mya pictorum.* Schrieter. Monta. * On the authority of Dillwyn. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 27 f° (OVAL. Mya ovalis.* Soland. Mya Batava. Wood. Maton. Dill. Mysca Batava. Turton. Unio riparia. Pfeif. Unio pictorum. Drap., pl. 11. fig. 3. Unio fuseulus. AZitAl. Unio gibba. Mihl. Pfeif: Unio Labacensis. Miihd. Unio reniformis. Schmidt. Unio fuseus. Zeig. Unio consentaneus. Ze. Unio amnicus. Zezg. Unio carynthiacus? Zezg. Unio decurvatus. Rossmaestler. Unio sinuatus. — Stud. Unio planus. Stud. Unio ater.t Mil. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH Cumberlandianus. Lea. Smithii.t Gray. vibex. Con. Miihlfeldianus. ea. tt cece a ee * On the authority of Dillwyn. + On the authority of Ferussac. ¢ Never having seen this shell, I place it here on the authority of Mr Gray.—See his figure in Griffith’s Cuvier, Vol. XII. 28 SYNOPSIS OF OVAL. creperus. Lea. f | | | glaber. Lea. Hildrethianus.* Lea. | Al. ambigua? Say. J fabalis.t Lea. Unio capillus. Say, Transylvania Journal, Vol. V. U. lapillus. Say, Am. Conch., No. 5. Con. SMOOTH. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. | parvus. Bar. Eat. | Unio parvus. Con. | | | | | l * T retain this species among the Uniones, although it does not possess a | glans.t Lea. perfect lateral tooth. . As it is, however, thickened along the dorsal margin, and puts on the appearance of a tooth, I have concluded that it was better not to remove it to the 8S. G. Margaritana, to which it has little resemblance in its general characters. These observations may apply to U. oriens (nobis), and partially to U. monodonta, Say, (U. soleniformis, nobis.) Mr. Say’s description of ambigua answers well to Hildrethianus, but Lam not sure it is the same, as he has given no figure of it. He seems to have abandoned it, as he does not insert it in his “Synonymy.” Mr. Conrad also avoids the inser- tion of it in his Synoptical Table. { Say and Conrad both in their catalogues give precedence to /apillus. Fa- balis is in my Memoir read before the Am. Philos. Soc., May 7, 1830, and in- serted in the Transactions; capillus was first inserted in the December num- ber (1831) of the Transylvania Journal, and subsequently in the “ Amer. Conch.” No. 5, (Aug. 1832) under the name of /apillus. Mr. Say does not mention why he changed the name on redescription. I should prefer the first, as a more descriptive name, if I were to choose between the two. + Mr. Say doubts if the g/ans be not the same with parvus. I do not see how there can be any difficulty in distinguishing them. The glans is a much THE FAMILY NAIADES. 29 = ( OVAL. divaricatus. Lea. Burroughianus. Lea. simus. Lea. corrugatus. Lam. Mya corrugata. Miiller. Chem. Gmel. Wood. Dill. Mya rugosa. Gmel. Wood. Diil. Mya nodosa? Gmel. Wood. Dill. Mya spuria. Gmel? Wood. SMOOTH. Unio spuria. Lam. Unio triradiata. In “ Museum” at Paris. Niloticus. Fer. Mya pictorum. Forkaél.* NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. ————— es re Nw Egyptiacus.t Catlliaud. Fer. OBLONG. brevidens. Lea. ( heavier shell, and the nacre of all the specimens I have seen is more or less purple, while that of parvus is always I believe white. Among many hun- dred specimens which have come under my notice, I have never seen one of any other colour. ‘he texture of the nacre is also totally different, the latter being more pearly than any other of our Uniones. In the epidermis and beaks they also differ essentially. * On the authority of Ferussac. { The specimen of this species which I received from M. Cailliand the traveller is so much like WViloticus that I certainly would not myself have separated it. 30 SYNOPSIS OF OBLONG. tetralasmus. Say. camptodon.* Say. Unio declivis.t Con. obesus.t Lea. Hopetonensis. Lea. SMOOTH. Roanokensis. Lea. jejunus. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. complanatus. Lea. Mya complanata. Soland. Dill. Unio viplaceus.§ Spangler. L Unio purpureus.|| Say. Bar. * This fine shell, as well as the preceding one, both of which are Mr. Say’s, seem to have been overlooked in the formation of his catalogue. They are described in his Amer. Conchology. I have never seen the shell he calls tetralasmus,—they may possibly prove to be the same. { The shell in the Academy of Nat. Sci., described and figured by Mr. Conrad in his “ Monography,” page 45, as declivis, Say, I consider to be a middle aged camptodon, Say. This, however, is not the opinion of all our conchologists. + Ferussac believes that this is Carolinianus of Bose. Not having seen the specimen described by Bosc, nor having access to his description, I am unable to decide. The fact, however, of Bose’s having visited Carolina some forty years since, renders it highly probable to be so. Ferussac gives his tra- pezium as asynonym to Carolinianus. In my table of the Uniones made in 1829, I considered Carolinianus as the complanatus: in which I was most likely wrong. § On the authority of Ferussac. { Mr. Conrad is wrong in his “Synoptical Table,” in giving Mr. Say’s name precedence, making complanatus a synonym. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 31 { { oBLoNe. Unio rarisuleata. Lam. Unio coarctata. Lam. Unio purpurascens. Lam. Unio rhombula. Lam. Unio earinifera. Lam. Unio Georgina. Lam. Unio glabrata. Lam. Unio suleidens. Lam. Unio fluviatilis. Green. Mya rigida? Wood. Griffithianus. Lea. auratus. Lea. Niiia aurata. Swain. atratus. Lea. Nida atrata. Swain. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH Niiia fragilis. Srvain. confertus. Lea. paliatus. Ravenel’s letter. Watereensis. Lea. Unio Raveneli.* Con. * Prof. Ravenel’s name being previously used for a unio (Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans., Vol. V.), it becomes necessary to change Mr. Conrad’s name, which I do, to that of the river in which it was found. 32 SYNOPSIS OF OBLONG. fulvus. Lea. Unio icterinus. Con. | Congareus. Lea. declivis. Say. Unio geometricus.* Lea. Blandingianus. Lea. depressus. Lam. angustus. Lam. litoralis. Lam. Pfeif. Des Moul. | modestus. Jer. | Unio rhomboidea.t Schr. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. SMOOTH Unio brevialis. Lam. nio semirugata. Lam. nio nana. Lam. nio incurvus. ea. U U Unio subtetragona. Mich. U Unio Pianensis. /arines. Unio granosus. Schum. Mysca ovata. Twrt. L Mya depressa. Don. * | do not find either of these names in Mr. Say’s Synonymy. however, priority. + On the authority of Ferussac. Grat. Unio crassus.t Schr. Retz. Neil. Speng. He has, THE FAMILY NAIADES. 33 ( ( suBRoTUND. | eirculus. Lea. Eat. Mya rotunda? Wood. lens.* Lea. rubellus. Con. Masoni. Con. rotundatus. Lam. Unio suborbiculata. Zam. Blain. Unio glebulus.t Say. SMOOTH. a Unio suglobosus. Lea. Paranensis. Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. ( variabilis. Lea. Mya variabilis.t Mat. Wood. Dill. Unio rotundus. Wag. personatus. Say. Unio capillaris. Lea. * T have some doubts whether this should be considered more than a variety of circulus. 1am not, however, sure that it is not distinct. + Although Mr. Say had published this shell in the Transylvania Journal, and in his Am. Conchology, he omitted it altogether in his “Synonymy.” Other species are inserted from the vicinity of New Orleans. + The figures of this shell in the Lin. Soc. Trans., Vol. X., although so much smaller a shell than Paranensis, (nobis,) is so much like it that I should not be surprised if they should prove to be the same. EF NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. | SMOOTH. | ——— rs SYNOPSIS OF SUBROTUND. retusus. Lam. Con. Unio torsa. Raf at. ae ebenus. Leu. Unio mytiloides. maculatus. Con. Con., not Raf:. Kirtlandianus. Lea. subrotundus. Lea. Unio politus? Unio brevialus? infueatus. Con. coccineus. Lea. Unio coccineus. Unio coccineus. Say. Crouch. Dr. Hildreth’s letter. Con. Unio eatillus. Con. WIDE. Shepardianus. Lea. folliculatus. Lea. rectus. Lam. E Unio prelongus. at. Barn. Hild. Unio recta. Valen. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 35 Unio Sageri?* Con. Mya prelonga. Wood. dehiscens.t Say. Unio oriens. Lea. angustatus. Lea. lanceolatus.t Lea. SMGOTH. Unio teres? Raf. Unio teres. Con. parallelopipedon. Lea. platyrhynehus.§ Rossmaester. ovalis. Fem. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. — Se | | | Anodontoides. Lea. | [ Mytilus angustior.|| Lis¢. * Mr. Conrad’s figure so nearly resembles the male specimens of U/. rectus from Green Bay, in my cabinet, that I am persuaded the Sager? will not prove to be a distinct species. { Mr. Say gives Mr. Rafinesque’s name of /ata precedence. Mr. Eaton says that An. lata, Raf., is Sym. tenuissima, Lea. + M. Deshayes (2d edit. Lamarck) doubts if lanceolatus be not the young of Anodontoides. The first has been found only in the waters east of the Alleghany mountains, the last only in the western waters. There cannot be a doubt of their being distinct species. In size they differ altogether. § This is a curious and very interesting new species which I recently re- ceived from Vienna. Its habitat is Carynthea. | On the authority of Fleming. 36 SYNOPSIS OF Mya ovalis. Mona. Mya ovata. Don. Mat. Wood. Dill. Mya ovalis.* Sow. | Mya depressa. Don. | Mysca solida. Trt. | Unio nodulosa. Lam. Unio tumida. Retz. Pfeif. Nil. | Unio Michaudiana? Des Moul. | Unio ovata. Bauzil. Unio rostrata. Stud. Unio Limagne. Boul. SMOOTH. | pictorum. Lam. Pfetf: Drap. Blain. Crouch. Flem. Des Moul. Grat. Bout. | Mya pictorum. Lin. Poli. Dill. Wood. | Mat. | Mya corrugata Maroccana.t Chem. | Mya augustata. Schret. Klein. l NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. Sh Mysca pictorum. Trt. Unio rostrata. Lam. Pfeif? Mich. Desh. Bouil. Unio manea. Lam. Unio elongatula. AZiihd. * On the authority of Ferussac. { Chemnitz figures this shell table 3, fig. 23 & 24. From the description . and outline I have little doubt of its being a young pictorwm, more than usually undulated in the region of the beaks. Its being rugose over the whole surface, as mentioned by him, is not evidence against its being such. As the first growth subsequently forms the beak of the shell, it ought of course to be rugose, if that be the character of the shell. The inside view is without teeth, but this is doubtless the fault of the draftsman or engraver, as the au- thor speaks of the hinge being like the common mussel. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 37 WIDE. Jnio Turtonu. Payraud. nio Capigliolo. Payraud. nio Requienii. Mich. JInio limosa. 2. nio longirostris. eg l. [ U U Unio Deshayesii. Mich. L U 1 Inio Limoviansee. Fer. elongatus. P/ei/: | productus. Con. nasutus. Say. Barn. Swain. Unio rostratus. Valen. SMOOTH. Mya nasuta. Wood. Unio subrostratus? Say. Fisherianus, Lea. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. Jayensis. Lea. lugubris. Lea. marginalis. Lam. Unio anodontina. Lam. iris,» ed. ie Unio nebulosus. Con. * Mr. Say in his “Synonymy” gives iris as a synonym to his swbrostra- tus. If they were the same I would be entitled to precedence, as my descrip- tion bears date March 1829, while his is January 1831. His description, 38 SYNOPSIS OF { WIDE. tenuissimus. Lea. Symp. tenuissima. Zea, in Trans. Am. P. S. An. purpurascens. Swain. Unio velum. Say. bilineatus. Lea. Ben. Symp. bilineata. Zea, in Trans. Am. P. 8. Corrianus. ea. | 4 re phaseolus. Hild. Hat. & = Unio planulatus. Lea. a Unio cuneatus.* Barn. (White var.) arectatus. Con. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. a SS gibbosus. Bar. Hat. Hild. Unio mucronatus. Bar. Unio nasuta. Lam. Unio dilatata? Raf: Unio dilatatus. Con. arcus. Con. however, of swbrostratus does not apply to my zrzs, and certainly this shell could not have been under his eye when his description was made. He says that the swhrostratus “ may be said to be the analogue of the Unio nasutus (nobis) of the western waters.” As the U.nasutus inhabits the western waters a variety of that species may have been described by him for subros- tratus. * In note to Dr. Hildreth’s Memoir on the shells in the vicinity of Mar- rietta, Ohio, published in Silliman’s Journal. THE FAMILY NAIADES. WIDE. arctior. Lea. Vaughanianus. Lea. OBOVATE. purpuratus. Lam. Unio ater. Lea. Unio lugubris. Say. Unio Poulsoni. Con. rhombeus. Wag. SMOOTH. cuprin us. Lea. Unio metallicus.t Say. modioliformis. Lea. Unio delumbis. Con. tenerus. dav. NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. a a a a a a SS Unio tenebrosus. Con. IS Tappanianus. Lea. stramineus. Con. { * On the authority of Ferussac. { Mr. Say in his “ Synonymy” claims precedence. date of May 7, 1830; his that of January 1, 1831. 39 Unio Carolinensis. Prof? Ravenel’s leller. Mya ventricosa.* Solan. Humphreys? Diplodon rhombeum. Spa. My Memoir bears the NON-SYMPHYNOTE UNIONES. i | SMOOTH. 1 | | | SYNOPSIS OF ARCUATE. crassissimus. Fer. Des Moul. Grat. Mya crassissima.* > BoB undulata. Say. Anodon rugosus. Swain. Anodonta Pennsylvanica. Lam. Wardiana. Lea. A. virgata. Con. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT£. SS eee edentula. Lea. Alas. edentula. Say. Anodon areolatus. Swain. Coop. ought to be considered a distinct species, and I am much disposed to think that such will prove to be the fact. * On the authority of Ferussac. + On the authority of Des Moulins. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 51 OVAL. trigona.* Spa. | radiata.t Spex. purpurea. Valen. Ferussaciana. Lea. | salmonia. Lea. incerta. Lea. SMOOTH. fluviatilis. Lea. Myt. fluviatilis. Soland. Dill. Wood. Myt. illitus. Soland. An. cataracta. Say. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONTZ. An. implicata? Say. An. teres. Con. glauca.§ Valen. * Ferussac considered trigona as the ‘same with crassa of Swainson. The two figures, however, appear to me to be too different to be considered the An. glauca. Lam. same. { The outline of this species is very much like that of trigona, Spix, and they may, perhaps, prove to be the same species. Ferussac considered it to be the young of exotica, Lam., in which I cannot agree with him. + See note on An. cygnea, page 49. § The figure of this shell resembles some individuals of Myt. fluviatilis, Soland, (Say’s An. cataracta,) but is straighter on the superior margin. In this character it resembles the trapezialis. 'The observations of Barnes, being made when little was known of this genus, cannot now be admitted. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT. SMOOTH. SYNOPSIS OF ovata. Lea. r plana. Lea. 1 An. declivis. Con. : decora. Lea. gigantea. Lea. subvexa. Ge Stewartiana. Lea. globosa. Say. An. inflata. Major Le Conte’s cabinet. grandis. Say. Lesueur. An. corpulenta. Coop. SUBROTUND. suborbiculata. Say. membranacea. Lea. Myt. membranaceus. Maz. OBOVATE. obtusa. Spx. An. lituratum. Spa. Patagonica. Lam. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 53 OBOVATE. lato-marginata.* Lea. An. trapezius?t Spiz. An. rotundus? Spa. | | porcifer.t Gray. | trapezialis. Lam. Blain. Crouch. An. exotica.§ Lam. An. giganteus. Spa. An. pencillatus? Gray. An. Susanne. Gray. An. anserinus. Spitz. SMOOTH. eee eee See Georgine. Gray. Parishii.|| Gray. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONTZ. Blainvilliana. Lea. crassa. Swain. WIDE. | elongata. Stain. * The Patagonica and lato-marginata, when they are better observed, may prove to be the same. ¢ Spix’s figure so closely resembles the lato-marginata, that I scarcely feel a doubt as to their being the same. He does not, however, notice the broad margin which is so characteristic of this species. + Never having seen this species I place it here on Mr. Gray’s authority. § So far as I have been enabled to examine specimens of this and ¢rape- zialis, 1 am disposed to think they are not distinct species. | On the authority of Mr. Gray. SYNOPSIS OF Or a WIDE. cylindracea. Lea. Buchanensis. Lea. ARCUATE. tenebricosa. Lea. | rN SMOOTH arcuata. Fer. NON-SYMPHYNOTE ANODONT. sinuosa. Lam. The following species are unknown to me :— Anodonta folium. Fer. Anodonta Chinensis. Fer. Anodonta curvatus. Fer. Anodonta imbecilis. Say. Anodonta lugubris. Say. Anodonta impura. Say. Fosstz SPEcIEs. Anodonta? Abyssina. Mort. NON-SYMPHYNOTE PLEIODON SMOOTH. THE FAMILY NAIADES. SUBGENUS PLEIODON. OBOVATE. Macmurtriei. Con. 55 56 SYNOPSIS OF GENUS IRIDINA. ( OVAL. | rubens. Desh. An. rubens. Lam. Blain. | An Clappertoni. Den. WIDE. Nilotica. Sow. Fer. Crouch. Caill. | An. dubia, Bose. | Irid. Oudnicei. Den. Myt. Niloticus. Wood. SMOOTH. exoticaa Lam. Sow? Caill. Barbata plicatus.* Humph. Irid. elongata. Sow. Irid. striata. Swain. An. exotica. Blain. NON-SYMPHYNOTE IRIDIN. siliquosa. Lea. An. siliquosus. Spz2. An. pygmeum, (young.) Speq. | | * On the authority of Ferussac. THE FAMILY NAIADES. 57 [rape celestis. Lea. ensiformis.* Lea. An. ensiformis. Sz. longina. Fer. An. longinus. Spaz. NON-SYMPHYNOTE IRIDIN/E SMOOTH * It is with a good deal of doubt that I have placed this shell among the Tridinz, as I know not whether the animal is furnished with tubes. 58 SYNOPSIS OF In Professor Rafinesque’s Monograph, and in his subsequent Papers, are inserted descriptions under the following names. Not being able to identify them, I have deemed it better sim- ply to give a catalogue of them. Those which I suppose I have identified will be found in the foregoing table. Alasmodonta atropurpureum? Unio aurata? badium ? bicolor? costata? bullata ? hians? biloba? ponderosum ? cardium? papyraceum ? Cliffordiana ? rugosum ? calendis? sulcatum ? chloris? scriptum ? castaneus? viridis ? crassa ? cinerescens ? Anodonta atra? cuneata ? aperta? cyclips? cuneata ? cuprea? digonota? cyphia? inflata ? decorticata ? lata? diploderma? Ohiensis ? diaphanus? solenoides? ellipsaria ? elliptica ? Unio antrosa? fasciata ? ‘atroviolacea ? fulvus? argyratus? fontinalis ? attenuata ? fulgens ? THE FAMILY NAIADES. 59 Unio fasciolaris ? flava? flexus? fragilis? granulatus? interrupta? lateralis? latissima ? leptodon? leevigata ? lamobrachys ? lineolata ? lividus? megaptera? montanus ? melaplata ? nervosa? nodulata ? obliquata? obovalis? olivaria ? ovata? paphos? pachostea ? ponderosus ? pallida? plateolus? pusella ? pallens? perplexus ? Unio quadrula? retusa? rimosus? rosea? rivularis ? stegaria? sintoxia? sinuata ? solenoides? striata ? subrotunda ? torulosa ? teneltus? triangularis? triqueter? truncata? verrucosa? viridis ? vittatus ? Venus? zonalis? Odatelia radiata ? Lasmonos fragilis? Diplasma marginate ? similis? vitrea? striata ? yet rar, eee eli at i" ; ae fe! Ria sy ena ’ Ly. oe es ees a $58 wi : pagal ieee “ Rea “ ny as cai Sailigastiaiehy | | % eae ae a ‘ stallions) wore a] A Co aa * Mes , ‘ ; Ne beara # ihn oa vw: | hy Heaney droit | Hey re ea ek . Hey ‘ie ce ih CR sled oa 3 Sie eh ct nie Ah pe “iy et . ’ ya i heel ee e- UN he ADDENDA. Since the preceding sheets have gone through the press [ have described or seen the following new species :— Page Unio Dorfuillianus, Zea, should follow U. asper - - - 15 graniferus, Zea, should follow U. verrucosus - - 16 Rangianus, Zea, should follow U. Ravenelianus - 22 Menkianus, Zea, should follow U. interruptus - 24 discus, Lea, should follow U. Burroughianus - - 29 Cailliaudii, Fe7., should follow U. platyrhynchus 35 contradens, Lea, should follow U. Tappanianus - 39 An. Nuttalliana, Zea, should follow An. Benedictensis 48 Wahlamatensis, Zea, should be first in the subgenus 45 Oregonensis, Lea, should follow An. cygnea - - 50 pavonia, Zea, should follow An. edentula - - - 50 chiziana, Rang., should follow An. uniopsis - - 50 Newtonensis, ea, should follow An. incerta - - 51 exilis, Zea, should follow An. Buchanensis - - - 54 Tetraplodon pectinatum, Spiz., is Unio ambiguus. (nobis.) (Castalia ambigua, Lam.) Diplodon ellipticum, Spzx. Unio multistriatus ? Lea. To the synonyms of An. fluviatilis, page 51, add An. mar- ginata, Say. Td Be ea. ais = 7 § 7 e ay CH eee Tt gt ety) ee ee amned: ce he x vo / a io ee “Cita wip w ae } as pe uh i bt ua aut Cte ae > y 7 | ’ ey he | Ns Taine cs eat oho “ ee a : ai: ‘nae ‘ig Das bib b ain Sibetitan a ott Be ip dy oo Re 5 eile: AP walle, ita ook sania nae ay.) ae Parana AP vpoltel iiiogets aS agi yosit a) a ae tes tairnatal, aS) | moti hlapite Sook aoeseialeM | na . ane Re. pasalityyorttalh Hie WONG: yftiorle amt. alate ; a ar a “acai Ti, teil Hora 408. siiGeral By le ae ve, Rial -wol ul whey at aS ‘iseaialtspade ie vealieh ‘cia ak gasillaigit oid By. a Be “gigi idl gat oth Ati aia aianeinercalds VP Beh i OB 4 ncaa pM toe iret ask ant adn | . , ie (08 if ae oe pith abi ae v-wrotfal bluoda wos. rhe ; i : a ae ee bet winain A delta Otero: een cralidd, my Ulu a > + abroad} sith sot eral aaa, siensactwoyl - | oe Oo he a ; ry. : NOR! 5 ot a tanec ah olla, saa a of . be iy Hi an tt ag ! ‘Tag + ei pgitea, das ah nia stuttieg 4 ory 1 - 7 . eb el ow nee ie. ap 7 oh bay, ERRATA. Page 10, for Triptodon, read Triplodon. 11, for Diptodon fuscatum, read Diplodon furcatum. 14, for fragrosus, read fragosus. 14, for Merchisonianus, read Murchisonianus. 36, for augustata, read angustata. 40, emarginatus should be in the line of species not synonyms. Sectional Library- Dept. of Moll. U.S. N. M. Lea Collection. ATES 7 een er | nl ea HECK HET Wyse citiplaoald oohargitt WK, fie ; 4), skye Bayo Hinwongant *< A,ehe ye sit were saomplinesticeey as HM Raye Sere er ie 7 Ue 7) yy a i vu Rie i! 1 "Se lr. } 1) bo i na | - ae 7 i i, “e i Hs aL ie r. na a ve a} : WA 1) Se re U4 a on ri y . os an o ht! Ah i; \) / im a Boson To y . ‘ i! eS : ip iL ‘i ; an a), Lire y oa aun Mhdusite) WN a mao ie i 1 ae Ne an ae ny i a kN 1 ; rh. ; Hy . AF 7 > | 7 So Py heen i i j = AY i nn 7 iy at * ye 7 y 7. ay = \ 1: ’ en i ay , i ! | ; ae ij ’ ae ae Woe ' ! ' nh At iat um i 3 : me i J i" a ier ‘ - ; i OF us i 7 - i . : ay ad ne: z 7 pi 7 ii? : a - ive e it 7) a aa i ! 7 : ry 7 a an Der i n 7 Dil ry - fr as i jar Mi af nt pm i Y ; p th He 7 On? ss at i citi ay y “i 7 i a 6 ' met a 1) ; : j s , 7 " i iy a iu ri 7 i g 4 Ay ; - 1 1 | a At - a ir ' nt : oe ) i 7 aos j 47 a ae Tae rr : a" : ri ' A ; . 1 cy ey! Gee ge a. a At 7 coe) a rs " aly Se ol ; yi Ny wh al aay a 7 a i ae a an Aid — : i pp ns he ' * es i : Bu in i i Wea i a he | : r a : eo : an a : - y j : ae 7 Be i oy j ‘ > _ ' ul ; ‘ i rs fee hy aa ; a oon ne i 7 hy OH 7 a f Ry a - oe ; v i. a wy ; von v." 7 m : af - a 7 of yi rie 7] os wy An nt a: 7 a : i, - / . : ; {i adler . ‘ he a by : nt i ® _ 7 7 : 0 i he ? ii Mt } Ya i 5) F f ; ; i i may "aT 1 r i aL nl i Va es : 7 7 - ; i : 7 . - : ] ; | ' : fay) re | a ! a : i ial i 7 ¥ if T i 7 a oOo. ve : el A ee ve ' F Owl ‘iy mY iy " ’ ‘a oa] : ae ay 7 wy et ee i : ue ; va : rt i. ay Pan : x a} f ai) 5 (es ofa 1. hid 1 ; , . a : vi ; un “a if : Ff ml! any ‘ i ih) k : : are hh ee ! ; i 7 : : i ah i f I : a] . lil : es Dy i aL ie ; rag * in is a fi ; y i } : Dt Meith a) 1a a ; ts 5: ‘ 7 : : '} Db) | Er val ae ear 7 Ck ond ‘ 4 - i, 4 kh hg yf i A i) : a y ai mi D : ‘iow -@ a ae ii u a Nop ayy a ey isnt : " 7 . y » ta ai * ie 7 i ae i f cam a ‘ a | ra wr a ‘ hi | ; : 7 iy nae i : 7 ee o a J ; 7 - : Ne oe mi ) z ' A ; a 7 7 , i : 7 4 Hoy) 7 S i i iat . 1, 7 add Las ny 7 : a inal } 7 7 i ‘ ; Ail i [ a 7” it. ) 7 7 n i ee | in oe al 7 , of A 7 er a 7 i). | Bre et a oes os ive Ae " Dla hese AN a - mk Nie) Ve a , : PS 7 ; i : ; Te Tv A - i i, ae AL ie ny 7 } 7 _ 7 ie Y iD 7 Un Wy Ty : _ i he ay OF _ | 1? ve ; ' ; Phe a) i iy iN 2a Se ; (ae D i en fi a t i } ee os ; i f i‘ a a ei aa ee A, SOR en ec a i .¢ drome ; t mi Aan : . : " | as tt : == : a a) r< . . i. : ' a | vt ai i f : 4 aay a} hot : 1 Ghia Diag a 7 |! P , a : } rt v ; i} fie” i - _ : oo : | il : 5 Lar : i i | : ¥ ve - ie et i PA lpi ae 1 7 4 ith a mn ne of am a att a om Oh at 7 ar r eu 7 7 ij un } heared ang ae : ho a vn si vee Ay ms a Peat i ai a y a We oe ms fu a) A mn ee! ae a i t a a ar eh ey ee ee pe" i ; i Bi : ie aerial y ae x _ ri ne r Cy ace ae dies i “eae \ ine a : - i Gy | a ess a a 7 Oy Go eo wee aie ‘o ie a a ie a. | : 910.) ee Ht eh ere. iG. - (Rs ry may a " ; } ; We a rh | 7 uf if in) AS 1 nis i 1) Ween vo We tel sti iy a ! ; | it is 7 { i iy ~ ! Ae : a7 yi Wh a hee i. 35a cn inn i) Oe a yh 7 ‘ ae a ; my ; in Hi ih i a ae 7 any - f iy - ay y ig : m1 M : Ty af 7 / “f - ‘ ‘ if ri i ‘ i i 4 i uP : : Titre) fl r t py AY v a y : : 3 a i ey f] | ‘ A 7 : ag : 2 m ’ ay wv - ate aaa ao oy, we axe | a re a ran iy ‘ik uy 7) : Live apa ¥) A 5 | dae 1 a a yd Me ‘ A a ‘% e } ‘4 i oe om ‘J iw ” ‘tim un cit : uy Ali on} 4 aS ; a, 7 On a oy 7 eat i in i. 7 1 - Bis ; : : : ru a ia | u a y j } i 7 7 whi : : AL : 4 5: im y os : at eo oi if ; - : ] : i . iu a us om f - if S A, _ ‘ Li tone hi i 7 a : i i 7 a " , ay 1 fi Ga fi 7 - an 7) ‘ my ne 4 : o ; Lo a ae ry y : ae 0 : 1 ae / y : ah! ' : . 7 | | a 7 ; iin Me bi th tay oP er, a iy 7 th a, ce yi er 4 | V 1. 6 are Pay ny n w c < ac a =| z o = |= = i) = z =< z (o} i) BS = = 2) | 3 9088 00562 2113 | |