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ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN
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’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 127
IV. — SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA SESARMA, METASESAR. MA, SARMATIUM AND CLISTOCOELOMA, WITH A KEY TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE INDO-PACIFIC SPECIES.
BY Dr. J. J. TESCH. — (WITH PLATES XV, XVI AND XVII, AND 8 TEXT- FIGURES). 3
The genus Sesarma, established in 1817 by Say to receive an Ame- rican form has turned out to contain such a large number of species, that it is nowadays one of the most difficult ones to the systematist. No less than about 130 species without the subspecies are included in it. In dealing with so many forms the need of subdivision naturally presents itself, and so de Man in 1887 (Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2) firstly distinguished four subgenera, to- which in 1895 (Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9) he gave the names of Sesarma s.s., Episesarma, Parasesarma and Perisesarma. But Uready two years afterwards the often tyrannic exigencies of priority in nomenclature induced Miss Rathbun (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, v. 11) to alter the first two names into Holometopus and Sesarma s.s. respectively, and in 1909 (Proe. Biol. Soc. Washington, v. 22) this author again sub- stituted the name Chiromantes Gistel for de Man’s Perisesarma, so that now only Parasesarma has been left undisturbed.
Every carcinologist will be ready to acknowledge de Man’s great merits in affording the most accurate and minute informations about in- sufficiently-known species and in describing new ones with such accuracy that we may safely follow his lead amongst the intricacies and sometimes ‘bewildering complexities that present itself in Decapod literature. In the particular case we are now dealing with it is he, who has examined by far the greater number of species, at least those from Indo-Pacific origin, and as most of his material is represented in the Leiden Museum the present author has had ample occasion to test the reliability of his own determinations. In some doubtful cases Dr. de Man with never failing helpfulness has been always willing to give his advice and needless to say that I again feel greatly indebted to him.
Metasesarma, like Sarmatium and Clistocoeloma, is here treated of as a distinct genus. I have taken as base de Man’s revision of the Indo- Pacific species of Sesarma (and Metasesarma) and Sarmatium that appeared in 1887 and prepared a list of all the species known, together with all their records and the synonymy. This drawing up of records has been the most tedious part of my task in the present paper and I feel sure that, notwithstanding all my trouble, some records have been fortuitously
128 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL IIT.
overlooked '); yet I hope such cases will not seriously interfere with its possible value.
Further I have tried to give a key to the Indo-Pacific species of the _genera dealt with. As to the American species of Sesarma we possess a valuable, though rather concise, key, prepared by Miss Rathbun (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, v. 11, 1897, p. 89—92) and, though the number of species of course has increased during the last twenty years, her synopsis certainly has retained its value. Now it is a remarkable fact, that, with the only exception of a key to the subgenus Parasesarma by de Man (see Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9, 1895, p. 181—182), never any attempt has been made to introduce the beginning student into the deter- mination of Indo-Pacific Sesarma-species, be it only in a preliminary way, by means of a synoptical key *). I have tried to fill up this gap, but in how far my attempts are successful may only be decided by practice. Determinations made by using this key should of course always be veri- fied by perusing the literature and the most extensive description of the particular species, and it is for this reason, that, for the sake of con- venience, I ranged the species merely alphabetically, without regarding the subgenus (though this is always mentioned), in order to save time to the reader.
Where it appeared necessary I have added a few remarks of my own in order to indicate the affinities and points of difference between closely allied species.
I. Synopsis of all the species of Sesarma, Metasesarma, Sarmatium and Clistocoeloma.
* A. Sesarma Say 1817. 1. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) aequatorialis Ortmann.
1894. Sesarma aequatorialis Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p., 722, pl. 23 f. 14 — Ecuador.
1897. Sesarma (Sesarma) aequatorialis Rathbun. Proe. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, vy. 11 p. 112 — no new locality.
1901. Sesarma (Sesarma) aequatorialis Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 16 n°. 415 p. 44 — Esmeraldas.
1) The mere mentioning of names, without adding any description or new record, of Kings- ley in his Revision of the Grapsidae (Proc. Ac. Nat, Sc. Philadelphia, 1880) has not been in- cluded here.
2) The well known memoir of Alcock (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2,1900) deals only with Indian species,
_ 7s RISKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 129
1914.
1837. 1851. 1853. 1880. 1892. 1897,
1900.
1899.
1887. 1888.
1900.
a 2. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) aequifrons Rathbun.
Sesarma (Sesarma) aequifrons Rathbun. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 47 p. 76 — Busuanga Island (Philippines).
3. Sesarma (Chiromantes) africana H. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma africana WH, Milne-Edwards. Hist. Nat. Crust., t. 2 p. 73 — Senegal.
Sesarma africana Herklots. Add. ad. faun. care. Afr. oce., p. 9 — Boutry (Guinea).
Sesarma africana H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. Nat., (3) t. 20 p. 185 — Senegal.
Sesarma africana de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 2 p. 29 — no new locality.
Sesarma africana Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden, Bd. 3 n°. 3, 1890/91, p. 40 — Ogowé (West Africa).
Sesarma (Perisesarma) africana Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 11 p. 89 — Barbados. Sesarina (Perisesarma) africanum Rathbun. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. vy. 22 p. 280 — enumeration of West-African localities.
Specimens in the Museum: 3 0',39 (0 of juv.) Boutry, Pel coll. (types of Herklots) 1 o, Liberia, Biittikofer & Sala coll. 1881.
4. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) amphinome de Man.
Sesarma (Sesarma) amphinome de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 21 p. 133, pl. 12 f. 16 — Sintang (Borneo).
Specimens in the Museum: 2 o', 2 9 (types of de Man).
5. Sesarma (Parasesarma) andersoni de Man.
Sesarma andersoni de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 657 — Mergui Archipelago. Sesarma andersont de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, y. 22 p. 172, pl. 12 f. 1—4 — Tenasserim River (Mergui Archipelago). Sesarma andersoni Alcock. Journ. As. Soe. Bengal, v. 69 prt 2 p. 418 — Mergui Archipelago.
Specimens in the Museum:
1 o (co-type of de Man).
130 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III. eee ‘ 6. Sesarma (Holometopus) angolensis Brito Capello. 1864. Sesarma angolensis Brito Capello. Descr. tres Sp. nuoy. Crust. d. Afr. oce., p. 4 f. 2 — Angola. 1888. Sesarma angolensis de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 5 p. 161 — Grand Cape Mount (Liberia). 1900. Sesarma (Holometopus) angolensis de Man. Mém. Soc. Zool. d. France, t. 13 p. 59, pl. 2 f. 11 — Mouth of Catumbella River (Angola). 1900. Sesarma (Parasesarma) angolensis Rathbun. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., y. 22 p. 280 — enumeration of West-African localities. Specimens in the Museum: 4 oJ, 3 9 Grand Cape Mount (Liberia), Biittikofer coll. 1882.
1 oo’, 2 9 Angola, Lobito, Kamerman coll. 1899.
1870.
1897,
Q Liberia, J. Demery coll. 1890 and 1897.
7. Sesarma (Holometopus) angusta Smith.
Sesarma angusta Smith. Transact. Connecticut Ac., vy. 2 p. 159 — Panama.
Sesarma (Holometopus) angusta Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 11 p. 91 — no new locality.
8. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) angustifrons A. Milne-Edwards.
Oe angqustifrons A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, , Bull. p. 26 — Sandwich Isles.
oe ma angustifrons de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2. p. 655 —
no new locality.
Sesarma angustifrons de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 432 pl.
10 f. 10 — ‘Tahiti.
Sesarma angustifrons de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 21 p. 134,
pl. 12 f. 17 — no new locality, redescription of the 'Tahiti-specimen
of 1889.
Specimens in the Museum: Tahiti. Wijnkoopsbay, Java, Dr. Boerlage coll. 1889.
9. Sesarma (Holometopus) angustipes Dana nec Miers.
Sesarma angustipes Dana. U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust. p. 353, pl. 22 f. 7 — Rio de Janeiro?
Sesarma americana de Saussure. Mém. Soc. phys. et hist. nat. Geneve, t. 14 p. 441 — St. Thomas.
SRITES UTS ONE VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — (LEIDEN. 131
1858. Sesarma angustipes Stimpson. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1858 p- 106 — Greytown (east coast of Nicaragua).
1897. Sesarma (Holometopus) angustipes Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 11 p. 91 — no new locality.
1907. Sesarma angustipes Stimpson. Smithson. Inst., Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p. 136 — same record as in 1858, besides: San Juan?
Specimens in the Museum: 1 Q, Laguanta (Venezuela), M. D. Horst coll. 1907, in brook.
10. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) aranea Nobili.
1899. Sesarma aranea Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p- 510 — Nias (and Borneo ?)
1908. Sesarma aranea de Man. Rec. Ind. Mus. Calcutta, \ V. 2 prt. 2a. 22, p. 184 — description of co-type.
11. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) atrorubens Hess.
1865. Sesarma atrorubens Wess. Arch. Naturgesch., Jhrg. 31 p. 149, pl. 6 f. 12 — Sydney. 1882. Sesarma atrorubens Haswell. Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 108 — same
locality. 1887. Sesarma atrorubens de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Bd. 2 p. 653 and 676 — Timor, Sanghir, Soela Besi and Amboina.
1890. Sesarma atrorubens de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 12 p. 95 — Fiji Isles. 1894. Sesarma atrorubens Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 724 — Fiji Isles. Specimens in the Museum: 1 6, Timor, Macklot coll. 1 o, Sanghir, Hoedt coll. 1867
mentioned by de
2 o', Soela Besi | Man 1887 1 9, Amboina, Ludeking coll. 1863 2 o, Fyi Isles. (mentioned by de Man 1890).
1 ©, unknown locality.
12. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) barbimana Cano nec de Man.
1889. Sesarma barbimana Cano (nec de Man). Boll. Soe. Nat. Napoli '), t. 3 p. 245 — Payta (Peru).
1892. Sesarma barbimana Gavino. Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli'), t. 3? p. 93 — Payta.
1) I have not been able to consult this periodical, so that I could only rely upon the Zoological Record.
1890.
1890.
1903.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) barbimana Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 11 p. 90 — no new locality.
. Sesarma barbimana Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t.16 n°. 415 p. 46
— no new locality.
_ 13. Sesarma (Parasesarma) bataviana de Man. Sesarma bataviana de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 12 p. 101, pl. 6 f. 12 — Batavia.
Specimens in the Museum: 1 6, Batavia (type of de Man) Semmelink coll. 1882. 2 o', north coast of Java, Buitendijk coll. 1904.
14. Sesarma (Parasesarma) batavica Moreira.
Sesarma barbimana de Man (nec Cano). Notes Leyden Museum, y. 12 p. 104 pl. 6 f. 138 — Batavia. Sesarma batavica Moreira. Arch. Mus. Rio de Janeiro, vy. 12 p. 117 — no new locality.
Specimens in the Museum: 1 ©, Batavia (type of de Man), Semmelink coll. 1882.
15. Sesarma (Holometopus) benedicti Rathbun.
Sesarma recta de Man (nec Randall). Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 14 p. 249, pl. 10 f. 4 — Surinam.
. Sesarma (Holometopus) benedicti Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was-
hington, v. 11 p. 90 — no new locality.
. Sesarma chiragra Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 10 p. 331 — Para.
Specimens in the Museum: 3 6’, 3 Q, Surinam, Dr. H. ten Kate coll. (types of de Man). 1 oo’, Paramaribo, Jhr. W. C. van Heurn coll. 1911. 1 ©, Paramaribo, in river near mouth, M. D. Horst coll. 1907.
16. Sesarma (Chiromantes) bidens (de Haan).
Grapsus (Pachysoma) bidens de Haan. Fauna Japon. Crust. p. 60 pl. 11 f. 4 (G) pl. 16 f. 4 (co) — Japan.
. Sesarma bidens Dana. U. 8S. Expl. Exp. Crust. p. 353 — Fiji Isles. . Sesarma bidens H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. Nat. (3) t. 20 p. 185
— no new locality.
. Sesarma bidens Stimpson. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, p. 105
— Simoda.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURBLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — 133
. Sesarma bidens Heller. Crust. Reise ,Novara”, p. 64 — Hongkong
and Nicobars. Sesarma bidens Hilgendorf. y. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika, Bd. 3.1 p. 91, pl. 3 f. 3a@') — Ceylon and Zanzibar.
. Sesarma bidens Hoffmann. Crust. et Echinoderm. d. Madagascar
p- 24 — Nossi Faly and Nossi Beé.
Sesarma bidens Miers. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) v. 5 p. 313 — Indo-Malayan Seas.
Sesarma bidens (part.) de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 2 p. 28 — Amboina *).
. Sesarma bidens Lenz & Richters. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch.,
Bd. 12 p. 425 — Zanzibar.
Sesarma bidens Miers. Zool. Voy. ,Alert” p. 184 and 246 — Sesarma bidens de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 658 — no new locality.
Sesarma bidens de Man. M. Weber’s Zool. Ergebn. Reise niederl. Ost-Ind., Bd. 2 p. 330 — Palima and Macassar (Celebes). Sesarma bidens Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 628 — Hong- kong, Philippines and Pelew Isles.
. Sesarma bidens Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Bd. 7 p. 726 — Pacifie
and Japan.
Sesarma (Perisesarma) bidens Nobili. Ann. mus. ciy. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 269 — South New Guinea, near mouth of Fly River, British New Guinea and Port Darwin (East Australia). Sesarma bidens Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 415 — Bay of Bengal, Andamans, Nicobars and Ceylon. Sesarma bidens Lenz. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 27 Heft 14 p. 372 — Zanzibar. ;
Sesarma bidens Stimpson. Smithson. Inst. Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p.
134 — Simoda and Hongkong. Sesarma (Chiromantes) bidens Rathbun. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 52 p. 309 — Halmaheira.
Specimens in the Museum:
o (8 juv.), 2 9 (1 juv.) Japan (types and co-types of de Haan).
1) Judging from Hilgendorf’s figure of the cheliped it seems to me doubtfui whether his specimens are really referable to this species, as the mobile finger is transversaly striated, not tuberculated. «
2) These specimens have been later (1902) referred by de Man partly to the subspec. indica, partly to Sesarma livida.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL Ill.
From the rather long list of records we should infer, that this species is generally distributed all along the Indo-Pacific coasts. De Man, however, in 1902 (Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 588—541) first called attention to the fact that the original specimen of Japan differs somewhat from Indian specimens, originating from Amboina and Ternate, not only in the lateral margin of the outer orbital angle being rather strongly convex in the Japanese or typical form and straight or nearly so in the Indian specimens, but especially in the penultimate segment of the male abdomen being more than twice as broad (at the posterior margin) as long in the specimen of de Haan, but exactly twice as broad as long, or slightly less, in the latter specimens from Amboina and Ternate, which induced him to establish a subspecies zndica for these Indian specimens. I have thought it necessary to examine all the spe- cimens of our Museum again and found that those from East-India did indeed agree with de Man’s subspecies; whereas in Japanese specimens the posterior margin of the penultimate segment of the male abdomen was always more than twice the length of this segment, this proportion proved to be less in Indian specimens. Besides it seemed to me, that the epibranchial tooth behind the external orbital angle is more strongly curved upward in the Japanese form than in the subspecies indica. Ac- cording to this result I have strong reason to believe that the typical bidens oceurs in Japan and in neighbouring countries, but that at least the Indian specimens belong to the subspecies indica. Whether perhaps specimens from East Africa and from Australia must be referred to the same or to one or two other subspecies cannot as yet be decided. I have examined 4 <j of de Haan from Japan (3 of them were preserved dry) and give here the dimensions of the largest © (n°. 1), together with those of the type-specimen (n°. 2), measured by de Man (1.¢., 1902, p. 541).
1 2 Distance between external orbital angles 30.5 24.5 mm. - ‘ epibranchial teeth 30.— 24.— , Length of carapace in the median line 25.— 20.25 , Posterior margin) of penultimate segment 8.25 (Ce Length of abdomen 4,— Bao iy
It may also be possible, that among all the specimens recorded in the literature Ses. livida likewise is represented, for the outer aspect of this species is exceedingly like that of Ses. bidens, as de Man (I. c.) already remarked, and the two species may be only distinguished by
1) Approximately.
's RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 135
means of the tubercles on the movable finger. Indeed, among the very specimens of Ses. bidens, long before examined and determined by de Man, I found a large © of Ses. livida. De Man himself has been‘ in doubt, whether the two forms A (= Ses. livida) and B (= Ses. bidens subsp. indica) should be regarded as two varieties or as distinct species.
16a. Sesarma (Chiromantes) bidens indica de Man.
1902. Sesarma (Perisesarma) bidens var. indica de Man. Abhandl. Senc- kenb.. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 541 — Amboina and Ternate. Specimens in the Museum: 5 o', 2 9 (2 Co’, 1 QP juv.), Amboina, Ludeking coll. 1863. 1 o& juv., New Guinea. 1 © juv., Tjilatjap, south coast of Java, Buitendijk coll. 1905.
This subspecies, as has been remarked before, is distinguished by a somewhat different shape of the external orbital angle and especially by the narrower abdomen of the ©. Perhaps this subspecies represents the typical Japanese form all throughout the Hast-Indian Archipelago, but before more material is available, this cannot be relied upon.
17. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) bidentata Benedict. 1892. Sesarma bidentata Benedict. John Hopkin’s Univ. Cire., v. 11 p. 77 — Jamaica. 1897. Sesarma bidentata Rathbun. Ann. Inst. Jamaica, v. 1 p. 33 — Jamaica.
18. Sesarma (Holometopus) biolleyi Rathbun.
1906. Sesarma (Holometopus) biolleyi Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 19 p. 100 — Costa Rica.
19. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) bocourtt A. Milne-Edwards.
1869. Sesarma bocourti A. Milne-Edwards. Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5 Bull. p. 28 — Bangkok (Siam).
1877. Sesarma cheirogona Targioni-Tozzetti. Zool. viaggio 141, pl. 9 f. 2 — Yokohama.
1880. Sesarma bocourti de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 2 p, 28 — Borneo.
1880. Sesarma bocourti Miers. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) v. 5 p. 3138 — Borneo.
1887. Sesarma bocourtt de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 650 — no new locality.
1894. Sesarma bocourti Zehntner. Rey. suisse Zool., t. 2 p. 182 — Sarawak.
Oo rs ” »Magenta”’ p.
10 " (283—V—1917).
186 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL 11.
1895. Sesarma (Kpisesarma) bocourti de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Bd. 9 p. 169 — Pontianak. 1899. Sesarma (Sesarma) bocourti Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 507 — Siboga, Padang, Sarawak. Specimens in the Museum: 1 6, Borneo, Schwaner coll. 1844 (examined by de Man 1880) 1 6, Balikpapan, Kampmeinert coll. 1912.
Fig. 1. Sesarma bocourti A. M. Edw. Magn. 14.
This species is easily characterized, as Milne-Edwards and de Man observed, by the peculiar shape of the chelipeds. As the figure in the voyage of the ,Magenta” seems to be the only one ') representing this species, I have deemed it not superfluous to give a new figure.
The carapace is convexly arched fore and aft, sloping down towards the branchial regions, where the usual obliquely transverse lines may be observed. The inner postfrontal lobes are more than 11/, times as broad
1) I myself could not consult this paper; Nobili has compared his specimens with the original specimen of Targioni-Tozzetti and, except for some small differences, found them per- fectly alike.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 137
as the lateral ones, sharply defined and separated by a deep groove; all the lobes bear, as de Man remarked (1895, p. 169), along their whole fore margin a transverse, rather deep groove. The front which is bent rectangularly to the postfrontal lobes, is slightly concave and projects at its free margin into two lateral projections, separated by a deep sinus, which is described by de Man (l.c.) as broad, not deep, but as no figure is provided by this author, the appreciation of this character remains subjective. The surface of the carapace is covered on the protogastric regions by a number of rounded tubercles, among which are scattered some larger ones; besides there are on the postfrontal lobes some groups of short, black hairs. The hepatic regions are provided with larger tubercles, the largest one of which is transversely elongated, immediately before a shallow groove, running transversely and parting from the in- cision between external orbital angle and epibranchial tooth. The external orbital angles are acute, directed forward, their outer margins are some- what convex, converging distally; the epibranchial tooth is obtuse, an- terior and lateral margins form a rectangular angle, and the latter are perfectly straight and parallel to each other. As de Man remarked, a second epibranchial tooth, though extremely minute, may be present or absent. According to this author the lateral margins of the carapace are nearly parallel, and the same character occurs in the older specimen from Borneo, but in the specimen from Balikpapan here figured the sides are somewhat diverging distally.
The chelipeds are of equal size; the superior margin of the arm is armed with a subdistal rectangular projection, but no real tooth; the anterior margin is serrated and the distal half somewhat expanded and provided with some larger teeth. The carpus has at its inner margin a thin, lamellar expansion, serrulated at its distal half and ending in a sharp spine. The upper surface of the carpus and the outer one of the palm are covered with large, black, rounded tubercles; those on the palm are largest towards the upper margin, gradually becoming smaller and more acute towards the carpal joint and the middle of the outer surface ; at the inferior margin of the palm towards the base of the immobile finger and at the inferior margin of this finger, the tubercles are trans- formed gradually into acute spines directed forward. The most charac- teristic feature of the species consists in the remarkable flattened shape of the palm; looking from above, the outer surface is even slightly concave and rises into a well marked projection at the proximal end of this flattened region. This character is far more pronounced in the West- African Sesarma biittikofert de Man, in which the outer surface of the palm is perfectly smooth and flattened like a looking-glass, but is carried
50 5
138 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
to an extreme by the remarkable Platychirograpsus') de Man from Gabun, in which the palm is elongated proximally beyond the carpal joint into a complete elbow. The upper margin of the palm in S. bocourti is feebly marked off and provided with three or four nearly parallel, longitudinal granular ridges; the inner surface presents a number of small largely separated and irregularly disposed tubercles. De Man says that there is no transverse granulated ridge at this inner surface, and in our older specimen from Borneo I could indeed observe no trace of it, but in the specimen of Balikpapan and in another specimen of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, originating from Deli, there is a row of 4—5 large granules and some smaller ones running from the base of the mobile finger in a curved line towards the proximal large tubercle on the cutting margin of the immobile finger. The upper margin of this mobile finger shows rather numerous sharp tubercles, irregularly placed ; the finger itself, looked at from above, is, according to de Man, some- what distorted or S-shaped, but I own, that I have not found anything irregular in its course. The inner surface of both fingers is perfectly smooth. The walking legs are short; the meropodites much broadened, only about twice as long as broad; carpo- and propodite are only slightly hairy and the dactyli are rather long, scarcely shorter than the propo- dites, covered with bunches of hairs, and falciform.
In the abdomen of the male I noted a remarkable difference in the shape of the penultimate and of the 4th segment between the specimens at my disposal. In the older specimen from Borneo and that from Deli the abdomen (f. 2a) is rather narrow and the posterior mar- gin of the penultimate segment is nearly exactly twice the
em b length of this segment, as in Fig. 2. Sesarma bocourti A. M. Edw. the two specimens measured Abdomen, Magn. 2. by de Man (1. c. p. 171), but
the specimen of Balikpapan (f. 2b) has a much broader abdomen, the penultimate segment of which is nearly 3 times as broad at the posterior margin as long. Besides, in the first form the lateral margins of the 4th segment are slightly concave (f. 2a), in the latter form they are very slightly convex (f. 2b). It must remain undecided whether this
1) Mitt. naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, Bd. 18, 1896, p. 95—110, pl. 2, pl. 3 f. 4c.
's RISES MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIKE HISTORIE - — _ LEIDEN. — eel?
difference is merely individual or indicates a real variety; if the two forms did not occur both in Borneo or its immediate neighbourhood, we should be inclined to accept the latter supposition, which now, however, seems uncertain.
Besides on the east coast of the Asiatic continent this species has been also found at Borneo, and Nobili has been the first to record it from Sumatra (Siboga and Padang). I do not know of any record from Java or the Moluccas, nor from New Guinea or Australia.
Dimensions of the three’ specimens examined (all <’).
1 2 3
Distance between external orbital angles . . . 24.— 25.75 26.— mm. Greatest breadth of carapace (at the base of second
pair of walking legs) . . . J fis cow 2450) 20s" 2
” Length of carapace in the medias nee eg eseelD a4. 20 Ro. oe neadihoig EeOMbag. oh aed aiieae stl ee eal TA AC Ape Flonizontal lengthof clielay sa 8.) es PIT 25.5" 24.5. ee Gremtesc@neic hits of palm Wr amsts) Mpa a LODE TSO: wl 2:oeee me, oes of penultimate pair of legs ae ae ae : Posterior margin of penultimate segment of ab- donien 9 fa. heres” s )e Otel). Die gio. nner Length of cenalinmete Sesion of abdomen mh. eh eo D, SAC
N°, 1 is the old specimen from Borneo, n
0
2 that from Balikpapan,
n°. 3 that from Deli (Zool. Mus. Amsterdam).
1887. 1888. 1891.
1894, 1895.
1899. 1900.
1901.
20. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) brockii de Man.
Sesarma brocku de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 651 — Amboina.
Sesarma brockii de Man. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 53. 1. p. 373, pl. 16 f. 3 — Amboina.
Sesarma brockwu Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden, Bd. 3 1890/91 p. 39 — Ternate.
Sesarma brockvi Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p.721 — Pacific. Sesarma (Episesarma) brockii de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p- 171 — Pontianak.
Sesarma (Sesarma) brockti Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genoya, (2) t. 20 p. 507 — locality?
Sesarma brockii Alcock. Journ. As. Soe. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p- 421 — Andamans.
esarma (EKpisesarma) brockii Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 16 n°. 397 p. 3 — Sarawak (Borneo).
140 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL Tl,
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) brockii de Man, Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 516 — Halmaheira. 1903. Sesarma (Sesarma) brockit Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 18 n°. 447 p. 26 — Samarinda (Borneo). Specimens in the Museum: 1 QO juy., Skroé (New Guinea), Schidler coll. 1897.
In his last publication de Man has described a 2 and remarked, that, whereas in his oi’, formerly described, from Amboina, the superior margin of the meropodite of the chelipeds has no subdistal tooth, such a tooth is present in the Q. I have found the same in the single Q of the Museum.
21. Sesarma (Holometopus) biittikofert de Man.
1883. Sesarma biittikofert de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 5 p. 163 — Grand Cape Mount (Liberia). 1891. Sesarma biittikoferi de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 13 p. 50 — Junk River (Liberia). 1892. Sesarma biittikoferi Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden, Bd. 3 1890/91 p- 37 — Ogowé (West Africa). 183%. Sesarma biittikofert Aurivillius. Bih. t. K. Svenska Ak. Forh., v. 24. 4. p. 11, pl. 3 f. 1—4 — Kamerun. 1900. Sesarma (Parasesarma) biittikoferi Rathbun. Proc. U. S. Nat Mus., v. 22 p. 290 — enumeration of West-African localities. Specimens in the Museum: 1, Grand Cape Mount (Liberia), Biittikofer coll. 1882. 3 o', 39, Junk River (Liberia), Stimpfli coll. 1882. 1 o (type) Fisherman Lake (Liberia), Biittikofer & Sala coll. 1881.
22. Sesarma (Parasesarma) calypso de Man.
1895. Sesarma (Parasesarma) calypso de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd.
9 p. 185, Bd. 10, 1898, pl. 30 f. 34 — Atjeh. 1899. Sesarma (Parasesarma) calypso Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat.
Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 514 — locality unknown. 1900. Sesarma calypso Lanchester. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 757 — Malacca.
1900. Sesarma calypso Lanchester. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) v. 6 p. 257 — Buntal (Borneo). Specimens in the Museum: 1 o&, 1 9 (co-types of de Man). ;
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 141
22a. Sesarma (Parasesarma) calypso kiikenthali de Man.
1902. Sesarma (Parasesarma) calypso var. kiikenthali de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 534 — Halmaheira.
23. Sesarma (Parasesarma) carolinensis Rathbun.
1907. Sesarma (Parasesarma) carolinensis Rathbun. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 35 n°. 2 p. 34, pl. 5 f. 2—2a, pl. 9f. 1 — Carolines.
24. Sesarma (Parasesarma) catenata Ortmann.
1897. Sesarma catenata Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 10 p. 334, pl. 17 f. 9 — New Zealand ?
1897. Sesarma catenatum Stebbing. 8. A. Crustacea. prt. 3 p. 44 — Kaerbooms River (South Africa).
1900. Sesarma catenatum Stebbing. S. A. Crustacea, prt. 5 p. 322 — same locality.
25. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) celebensis Schenkel.
1902. Sesarma (Geosesarma) celebensis Schenkel. Verhandl. naturforsch. Gesellsch. Basel, Bd. 13 p. 552, pl. 12 f. 18, 195 — Bwool and Enrekang (Celebes).
26. Sesarma (Holometopus) cinerea (Bosc).
1802—1803. Grapsus cinereus Bose. Hist. nat. Crust., ed. 1, t. 1 p. 204, pl. 54) f. 1 — Carolina.
1806. Grapsus cinereus Latreille. Hist. nat. Crust., t. 6 p. 72 — no new
locality.
1818. Sesarma cinerea Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, v. 1. p. 442 — Virginia, Florida, West Indies.
1828. Grapsus cinereus Bosc. Hist. nat. Crust., ed. 2, t. 1 p. 258, pl. 5 f. 1 — Carolina.
1837. Sesarma cinerea H. Milne-Edwards Hist. nat. Crust., v. 2 p. 75 — East coast:of U. S. A. and Antilles.
1850. Sesarma cinerea Gibbes. Proc. Amer. Ass., v. 3 p. 180 — locality? °)
1853. Sesarma cinerea H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 182 — same localities as in 1837.
1862. Sesarma cinerea Stimpson. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, v. 7 p- 65 — locality ? *)
1) Pl. 7, according to H. Milne-Edwards (1837); I have had no occasion to consult the work of Bose, : 2) Paper not seen by the present author.
142 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL I/II.
1870. Sesarma cinerea Smith. Transact. Connecticut Ac., v. 2 p. 157 — Florida, South Carolina, Virginia. 1897. Sesarma (Holometopus) cinerea Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash-
ington, v. 11 p. 90 — no new locality. 1897. Sesarma cinerea (part.) Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 10 p. 329 — Bermudas.
This species seems often to have been confounded with S. angustipes Dana and S. vicordi H. Milne-Edwards; Ortmann united all three species under the name S. cinerea, but Miss Rathbun regarded them as distinct.
This species, with S. plicata Bose the oldest known species of Sesarma, seems to be a common species along the east coast of the United States and ranges northward as far as the Bermudas.
27. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) clavicrurts Schenkel.
1902. Sesarma clavicruris Schenkel. Verhandl. naturforsch. Gesellsch.
Basel, Bd. 13 p. 556, pl. 12 f. 19¢ — Menado. 28. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) crassipes Cano.
1892. Sesarma crassipes Cano. Boll. Soc. nat. Napoli, t. 3 p. 2441) — Pernambuco.
1892. Sesarma crassipes de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 14 p. 261 — no new locality.
1897. Sesarma (Sesarma) crassipes Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, v. 11 p. 90 — no new locality.
29. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) cruciata Birger. 1893. Sesarma cruciata Biirger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 624, pl. 21 f. 6 — east coast of Mindanao (Philippines). 30. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) curacaoensis de Man.
1892. Sesarma curacaoensis de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 14 p. 257, pl. 10 f. 6 — Curacao. 1897. Sesarma (Sesarma) curacaoensis Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash--
ington, v. 11 p. 89 — no new locality. 1897. Sesarma curacacensis Rathbun. Ann. Inst. Jamaica, v. 1 p., 33 — Jamaica.
1901. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) curacacensis Rathbun. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, prt. 2 p. 18 — Porto Rico and Cuba. Specimens in the Museum: 1 Q (type specimen of de Man).
1) Paper not seen by the present author.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 143
Ortmann (Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 10, 1897, p. 333) identifies this species with S. reticulata Say, the type species of the genus, but Miss Rathbun regards it as a distinet species, though very closely related to that of Say; indeed, in her key to the American Sesarmae (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, v. 11 p. 89) the only difference given between the two species is, that in S. cwracaoensis the eyes reach the outer orbital angle, whilst in S. reticulata they do not. De Man’s figure however does not show this length of the eye-stalk, nor did I detect it in his typical specimen, preserved in the Museum.
31. Sesarma (Holometopus) dehaant H. Milne-Kdwards.
1835. Grapsus’ (Pachysoma) quadratus de Haan (nec Fabricius). Fauna Japon. Crust., p. 62, pl. 8 f. 3 — Japan. 1853. Sesarma dehaani H+ Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 184
— Japan. 1858. Sesarma dehaani Stimpson. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1858, p- 106 — Bonin Islands, Hongkong and Simoda.
1865. Sesarma dehaani Heller. Crust. Reise , Novara’, p. 62 — Shanghai.
1887. Sesarma dehaani de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 642 — no new locality.
1893. Sesarma dehaani Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 615 — Yokohama.
1894. Sesarma dehaani Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 718 — Tokio, Nagasaki and Loo-Choo Islands.
1907. Sesarma dehaani Stimpson. Smithson. Inst. Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p. 1384 — Bonin Islands, Whampoa (China) and Simoda (Japan).
Specimens in the Museum:
4 ', 19, Japan (type and co-types of de Haan). 2 o9', Kobe (Japan), v. Oordt vy. Lauwenrecht coll. 1906.
De Haan’s excellent figure of this species has enabled us to recog- nize it perfectly well, but as his description is somewhat short, I shall here try to make the S. dehaani better known. The carapace is regularly, but not strongly, convex in a longitudinal direction, nearly straight transversely, but, as usual, declivous along the branchial regions. The distance between the outer orbital angles is equal to the length of the carapace in the median line, but as the lateral sides are curved outward in their anterior third, the greatest breadth of the carapace (lying at the outer end of the anterior transverse line on the branchial regions, which latter are very strongly declivous) distinctly exceeds its length. As Ortmann rightly remarks all specimens show a trace of an epibran-
144 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL II.
chial tooth behind the external orbital angle; the latter is directed straightly forward and the upper orbital border is deeply concave. The whole surface of the carapace is entirely destitute of hairs and pitted; these pits assume the shape of fine transverse lines on the mesogastric and anterior cardiac regions. Al the usual grooves and furrows are dis- tinctly pronounced; the postfrontal lobes sharply defined, the inner ones separated by a very deep furrow, into which the triangular lobe of the mesogastric area extends far forward; the outer postfrontal lobes are scarcely narrower than the inner ones, separated from the latter by a shallow, short furrow, and furnished at the level of the upper orbital border with a distinct additional lobe. The front is bent perpendicularly downward, its lateral sides are straight and the fore margin projects largely forward, so that the two broad lobes at either side of the deep, but broad sinus are clearly seen, if the carapace is looked at from above ; the middle part of the sinus is straight, not concave.
The abdomen of the <j has been well figured by de Haan: it is rather broad, gradually narrowing towards the last segment, the penultimate segment being exactly twice at broad at the posterior margin as long.
The chelipeds are of equal size and very robust and bulky in the oc. The anterior and posterior margin of the meropodite are coarsely dentate, more so in the case of the anterior margin, which is scarcely expanded in its anterior half and does not show a larger tooth; the superior mar- gin has at the subdistal end a rectangular projection, but no acute, curved tooth. The wrist is transversely rugose at the upper surface, with ob- tusely-angled inner margin; at the under side, near the palmar joint, there is a transverse row of 3—4 acute spines, the inner of which is the larger; in some cases it is only this inner spine which is developed. The palm is very high, as high as long (without the fingers) and much inflated, covered at the outer surface, especially in its upper half, with larger, rounded tubercles, in the middle there is an indistinct obliquely transverse row, which is however not always developed, and beneath the anterior end of this row we observe a rather well defined group of very large tubercles, in the same way as in de Haan’s S. in- termedia (Faun. Jap., pl. 16 f. 5). De Haan himself does not describe or figure this peculiar group of tubercles, which seems to me a charac- teristic feature of the species. In the female this group is entirely wanting. The upper margin of the palm is formed by a broken line of fine gra- nules, from which some very short, oblique lines run forward; one of these lines is composed of larger granules and much longer, it bends perpendicularly downward at its anterior end and is continued along the inner surface of the palm as a transverse row of very large tubercles
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. | 145
(5—6 in number). The inferior part of the inner surface is covered by small granules, of the same shape and size as those of the under margin of the palm; this latter is nearly in a straight line with the under margin of the immobile finger, along which the granules are continued towards the tip. The immobile finger is very high at the base, much flattened and minutely pitted at both surfaces; the dactylus is strongly curved, equally pitted, but covered along the whole upper surface with numerous minute granules. There is no gap between the fingers.
The meropodites of the walking legs are nat considerably broadened, their length in the last pair being about 2'/, their greatest breadth; the dactyli are only slightly shorter than the preceding propodites. As de Haan observed, both margins of carpo- and propodites and of the dactyli are clothed with short, black hairs, intermingled with much longer hairs, and this character is more pronounced in the © than in the 9: even the under margin of the meropodites show these two kinds of hairs, more especially so in the o’, but the hairy coating is gradually reduced from the foremost pair of legs to the last, as is usual in Sesarma.
De Man has, though with some doubt, described a new species S. neglecta (Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 1887, p. 661), closely related to the present species; we may observe, however, the following differences:
S. dehaani S. neglecta
Distance between ex- ternal orbital angles
Lateral margins of ca- rapace
Fore margin of front
Inner side of palm
Dimensions:
nearly exactly equal
to length of carapace in the median line
parallel in their poste- rior two-thirds ')
with deep and broad sinus.
with transverse row of large granules
Distance between external orbital angles. Greatest breadth of carapace . . .. . Length of carapace in the median line .
Breadth of front. . .
Horizontal leneth of palmie sn = -))
distinctly exceeding
length of carapace in the median line
converging in their pos- terior part
scarcely hollowed out
without transverse row
of granules
1 2 3 35.— 380.75 27.5 mm. SDIo OD rte tia) oe 3D-— ~d0.25 26.5 —2 20.— 17.25 15.25 , 19.— 14.— 12.—
”
1) According to de Man the margins are diverging distally in de Haan’s species, but he could only consult the figure in the Fauna Japonica and not examine the type specimen itself.
146 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL ITI.
Horizontal length of immobile finger. . , . 20.— 17.— 14.— mm. Height= ol spalm’s /.)\s seamen oeeet compos 1 fey eet ee Length of meropodite 4) 24.— 20.5 18.5 , Breadth of meropodite of penultimate |} 10.25 8.75 9— ,
)
Length of carpo- + propodite | pair of legs 27.5 21.5 °20.— , Length of dactylus | 13.5), 12-0 th Posterior margin ) of penultimate segment 11.25) 10.20.69 one Length of abdomen 5D =O OL 7 N°. 1 is the type specimen of de Haan, n°. 2 and n°. 3 are specimens
from Kobe; the breadth of the last specimen is as large as that of S. ne- glecta, measured by de Man, but the length of the carapace is less.
1893.
1902.
1914.
1853.
1877.
1887.
1888.
1894.
1895.
32. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) demani Biirger.
Sesarma demani Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 625, pl. 21 f. 7 — Siargao (Philippines).
Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) demant de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Ge- sellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 521 — same locality, description of co-type.
33. Sesarma (Parasesarma) dumacensis Rathbun.
Sesarma (Parasesarma) dumacensis Rathbun. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., y. 47 p. 80 — Luzon.
34. Sesarma (Chiromantes) dussumiert H. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma dusumieri H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p- 185 — Bombay.
Sesarma dussumieri Targioni-Tozzetti. Zool. viaggio ,Magenta”’, p- 145, pl. 9 f. 3 — Penang.
Sesarma dussumiert de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 659 — no new locality.
Sesarma dussumiert de Man. Journ. Linn. Soe. London, v. 22 p. 177, pl. 12 f. 8—12 — Mergui Archipelago.
Sesarma dussumiert Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 726 — Salanga Island.
Sesarma (Perisesarma) dusswnieri de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 208 — Penang.
1) Taken at the left side, the pair at the right side being regenerated and much shorter
than the
preceding pair; this regeneration of the legs is of frequent occurrence.
’s RITKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 147
1887.
1888.
1894.
1900.
1900.
1889.
1890.
1892.
1893.
1895.
1902.
35. Sesarma (Parasesarma) edamensis de Man.
Sesarma edamensis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 657 — north coast of Java.
Sesarma edamensis de Man. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 53.1. p. 379, pl. 16 f. 5 — Edam and Noordwachter Island.
Specimens in the Museum: 1 (cotype of de Man).
36. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) edwardsii de Man.
Sesarma edwardsii de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 649 — Bay of Bengal.
Sesarma edwardsi de Man. Journ. Linn. Soe. London, v. 22 p. 185, pl. 13 f. 1—4 — Mergui Archipelago.
Sesarma edwardsi Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 721 — Sydney.
Sesarma edwardsi Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 416 — Burmah coast, Ganges-delta, Andamans and Ceylon. Sesarma edwardsi Wanchester. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p- 757 — Malacca.
Specimens in the Museum: 1 o', 29, New Guinea. , 4 3, 39. Besoeki (Java), Semmelink coll. 1864. 1 o, Java. 1 ©, Bay of Gorontalo (Celebes).
36a. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) edwardsii brevipes de Man.
Sesarma edwardsii var. brevipes de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p- 425 — Sydney. pk IK ) fe“
Sesarma edwardsti var. brevipes de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 12 p. 94 — locality unknown.
Sesarma edwardsii var. brevipes de Man. Weber’s Zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-Ind., Bd. 2 p. 380 — Flores.
Sesarma edwardsii var. brevipes (err. breviceps) Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 617 — Philippines.
Sesarma (Episesarma) edwardsi var. brevipes de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 173 — Atjeh.
Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) edwardsi var. brevipes de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 509 — Ternate, Batjan, Halmaheira.
148
1894. 1895.
1900.
1894.
1900.
1914.
1892. 1900.
1906.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
Specimens in the Museum:
1 9%, Batjan, Kiikenthal coll 1893/94 (cf. de Man 1902). 2 Q, locality unknown.
36b. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) edwardsi crassimana de Man.
Sesarma edwardsii var. crassimana de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 649 — Bay of Bengal.
Sesarma edwardsi var. crassimana de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lon- don, v. 22 p. 188, pl. 13 f. 5—6 — Mergui Archipelago. Sesarma edwardsi var. crassimana Zehntner. Rev. suisse Zool., t. 2 p. 180 — Sarawak.
Sesarma (Episesarma) edwardsi var. crassimana de Man. Zool. Jahrb, Syst., Bd. 9 p. 174 — Pontianak.
Sesarma edwardsi var. crassimana Lanchester. Proe. Zool. Soe. London, 1900, p. 757 — Malacca.
36c. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) edwardsi laevimana Zehntner.
Sesarma edwardsi var. laevinana Zehntner. Rey. suisse Zool., t. 2 p. 181 — Borneo.
Sesarma edwardsi. var. laevimana Wanchester. Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1900, p. 757 — Malacca.
36d. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) edwardsi philippinensis Rathbun.
Sesarma, (Sesarma. s.s.) edwardsi philippinense Rathbun. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p. 76 -— Busuanga Island (Philippines).
37. Sesarma (Holometopus) elegans Herklots.
Sesarma elegans Herklots. Add. ad faun. Afric. oce., ps 10.4 pleat f. 10 — Boutry (Guinea). Sesarma elegans H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 187 — West-Africa. Sesarma elegans de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 1 p. 69 — no new loeality. Sesarma elegans Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden, Bd. 3 n° 3, 1890/91, p. 38 — Ogowé (West-Africa). Sesarma (Holometopus) elegans Rathbun. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v. 22 p. 280 — enumeration of West African records. Sesarma elegans Nobili. Mem. soc. esp. hist. nat., v. 1 p. 314, pl. 8 f. 2 — Spanish Guinea.
Specimens in the Museum:
4 3, 49, Boutry (Guinea), Pel coll. (types of Herklots).
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — 149
1869.
1894.
38. Sesarma (Holometopus) elongata A. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma elongatum A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 30 — Madagascar.
Sesarma elongata de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 645 — no new locality.
Sesarma elongata de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 14 p. 256 — description of type specimen.
Sesarma elongata Ortmann. Denkschr. med.-naturwiss. Gesellsch. Jena, Bd. 8 p. 56 — Dar-es-Salaam (KE. Africa).
39. Sesarma (Parasesarma) erythrodactyla Tess.
Sesarma erythrodactyla Hess. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 31. 1. p. 151, pl. 6 f. 10 — Sydney.
Sesarma erythrodactyla Haswell. Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 109 — Sydney. Sesarma erythrodactyla de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p: 656 and 686 — Sydney (description of co-type).
Sesarma erythrodactyla de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 486 — no locality (description of co-type).
Sesarma erythrodactyla de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 12 p- 100 — Sydney and Pacific.
Sesarma erythrodactyla Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 726 — Sydney and Japan.
Sesarma (Parasesarma) erythrodactyla de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 189 — description of types.
Specimens in the Museum: 2 6’, Sydney, Schiitte coll.
f examined by de Man 1890. 30, juv., Pacific. ‘s ee
39a. Sesarma (Parasesarma) erythrodactyla africana Ortmann.
Sesarma quadrata Hilgendorf (nec Fabricius). v. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika, Bd. 3. 1. p. 90, pl. 3 f. 3¢, pl. 4. f. 3 — Zanzibar. Sesarma erythrodactyla var. africana Ortmann. Denkschr. med.- naturwiss. Gesellsch. Jena, Bd. 8 p. 56 — Mikindani and Dar- es-Salaam (EH. Africa).
According to Ortmann this subspecies is distinguished from the type by a less developed granular transverse crest of the palm, by the ab- sence of a longitudinal granular row at the outer surface of the same, by longer dactyli, as long as their respective propodites, and by the pre- sence of an obtuse, dentate lobe (no spine) at the distal part of the arm
150 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
of the chelipeds. Ortmann supposes, that all the specimehs of erythrodac- tyla from Africa are referable to his subspecies.
40. Sesarma (Holometopus) eulimene de Man.
1898. Sesarma (Sesarma) eulimene de Man. Zodl. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 10 p- 157, pl. 15 f. 1 — Umbilo River (Natal).
1910. Sesarma eulimene Stebbing. S. A. Crust., prt. 5 p. 322 — same locality.
41. Sesarma (Chiromantes) ewmolpe de Man.
1895. Sesarma (Perisesarma) eumolpe de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p- 208, Bd.. 10; 1898, pl.'31 f. 38 — Penang. Specimens in the Museum: 1 oO’, 3 9, Batavia, Semmelink coll. 1882 '). 1 ©, north coast of Java, Buitendijk coll. 1905. 1 Q, north-west coast of Java, Buitendijk coll. 1906. 1 o, 1 Q, locality unknown.
All the principal features of the cheliped are, as usual, much better pronounced in the co than in the Q, but in the latter sex the transverse tubercles show exactly the same character and are as numerous (22 in the larger cheliped of a 9). Among the other species of the subgenus Chiromantes the present one seems to be distinguished by having the chelipeds often unequal; in the © collected in 1905 the chelipeds do not show, however, any difference in size. The species was known as yet from Penang only.
42. Sesarma (Holometopus) eydouxt H. Milne-Edwards.
1853. Sesarma eydouxi H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Sc. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 184 — Cochinchina.
1865. Sesarma eydouxt Heller. Crust. Reise , Novara’, p. 64 — Madras.
1880. Sesarma eydouxit de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 2 p. 28 — locality unknown.
1887. Sesarma eydouxi de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 643 — no new locality.
1892. Sesarma eydouxt de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 14 p. 248 — description of type specimen.
1) These specimens had been determined as Ses. didens de Haan.
’*s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 151
Specimens in the Museum: 3 0’, 2 Q, locality unknown (o' examined by de Man 1880).
Fig. 3. Sesarma eydouai H. M. Edw. Nat. size.
The carapace of this species is rather little convex in a longitudinal direction, and nearly straight transversely, with feebly sloping branchial regions; the greatest breadth is lying between the external orbital angles, which are acute and directed forward, with nearly parallel side margins. Behind these angles there is a trace of an epibranchial tooth, as de Man (1880) observes, whence the side margins converge very slightly backward (de Man 1892). The whole surface of the carapace is rugose, owing to a multitude of small tubercles, each of which seems to bear a small tuft of hair; this character is distinetly seen on the anterior third of the carapace, but farther behind, already on the mesogastric, and especially on the cardiac region, the tubercles gradually tend to become elongated transversely and are destitute of hairs, the posterior cardiac region being almost smooth and shining, though minutely pitted. All the usual furrows on the carapace are strongly pronounced, notably those circumscribing the mesogastrie and protogastric regions. The post- frontal lobes are of nearly equal size, the median ones being but slightly broader than the lateral lobes, the median sulcus is very deep, that between the middle and the side lobes much shallower, extending till the distinct posterior lobe on the lateral ones. In dorsal view the front is not visible, as it is perpendicularly bent downward; the lateral margjps are parallel and there is a deep and broad median sinus in the anterior margin. The eyes reach exactly to the tip of the outer orbital angle.
ll (16—VI—1917).
152
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL 111.
The chelipeds afford most characteristic features. They are large and bulky, of equal size, and apparently of a light colour in life. Superior border of arm with a rectangular tooth near the distal end, posterior border crenulate, with a sharp subdistal tooth, anterior border dentate, posterior half forming about a right angle with anterior half (Fig. 4a). Carpopodite transversely rugose at the outer surface, inner angle produced. Palm much inflated, its height exceeding its horizontal length (Fig. 46); outer surface very minutely granulated; near the carpal joint and towards the upper margin the granules tend to form short rows, but im the middle of the outer sur- face they are irregularly distributed ; here a short obliquely longitudinal wrinkle is observed. The upper margin is sharply indicated by a row of horny-coloured granules, most of which are com- posed of two or even three granules, placed closely together. This charac- teristic row has been very well . observed by de Man (1880). Inner surface of the palm coarsely but sparingly granulated, the largest granules being found in the superior half, especially towards the upper margin, but there is no transverse row. The immobile finger is much
Fig. 4. Sesarma eydouxi H. M. Edw. a Right cheliped, dorsal view.
as aie flattened, excavated at inner surface
b. Right chela, outer view. Magn. 2. mee © ech ae
but provided at under margin (which is in a straight line with under margin of palm) with a row of sharp spines, directed forward and continued up to the tip. The movable finger is much curved, its back is provided with a longitudinal row of 12—13 denticles, with mostly horny-coloured tips; besides, there are at the base some smaller dentic¢les, irregularly placed ; outer and inner surface smooth ayd shining, with numerous small pits; near the base, at the outer sur- face, is a small, rather well defined excavation. The meropodites of the walking legs are very much enlarged, being
's RISKS MUSEUM — VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — ~ LEIDEN. 153
not yet twice as long as broad. Carpo- and propodites are short, and covered at anterior and posterior margins with very short hairs, among which are placed some longer hairs, but the latter only at the hind margins of the propodites. The dactyli are short, with acute tips.
This species is exceedingly alike Ses. recta Randall of America, and I own to be at a loss to indicate any important point of difference between the two species. Comparing the specimens at my disposal I can only say, that in Ses. eydouzi the inner surface of the palm presents only irregularly placed granules, whereas in Ses. recta there is a somewhat elevated and rather well-defined group of such granules near the base of the dactylus; besides, in the former species the upper (anterior) border of the meropodites of the walking legs is only rough, whereas in the latter species this border is distinctly and sharply crenulate, up to the subdistal tooth. In the shape of the abdomen of the co I have found no differences whatever between the two species.
Dimensions of Ses. eydouxi (all o):
1 2 3 Distance between external orbital angles . . 31.— 28.— 23.5 mm. Breadth. of carapace above base of penultimate PAOLO Seda a Ge eae Cin, Pate Boe — eo ew Sor ae. Length of carapace in the mredinn line® 29a Se, 268T 23 Dahl a
eeabnOletkOmte 29 Cewaes fe Lo... oy oy Men SD eG 13.25. Length of posterior margin of carapace. . . 13.75 12.75 17.25 ,
Horizontal length of chela (palm + immobile finger) 30.— 25.5 18.— , Meighteof palms). 2%2 1. te Seedy, ae LS a) TO ae oe Length | of meropodite af neraleieta pair 23.— 20.— 145 , Breadth J of legs 12. 1S (Clann Breadth of posterior cele penultimate segment 9.— 8.25 6.75 , Length of abdomen ad PA Se See
The dimensions of the largest o nearly exactly agree with those of the type specimen measured by de Man (1892). 43. Sesarma (Parasesarma) fasciata Lanchester. 1900. Sesarma fasciata Lanchester. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 758, pl. 47 f. 12.— Singapore. 44. Sesarma (Holometopus) festae Nobili.
1901. Sesarma (Holometopus) festae Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 16 n°. 415 p. 42 — Tumaco and Esmeraldas (Ecuador).
154 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL II. 45. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) finnt Alcock. 1900. Sesarma finni Alcock. Journ, As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 424 — Andamans. 1908. Sesarma finni Aleock & Me. Ardle. Ill. Zool. , Investigator”, Crust.,
1887.
1892.
1894.
1894.
1895.
1899.
1902.
1905.
1910.
pl. 66 f. 1 — no locality.
46. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) gracilipes H. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma impressa? junior Jacquinot et Lucas. Zool. Voy. ,Astro- labe? Jet. Zélée”, tadeps.02s)pl. 6: f..)5)—— New Guanes: Sesarma gracilipes WH. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p- 182 — Vaoa (Tonga Islands).
Sesarma gracilipes Heller. Crust. Reise , Novara”. p. 65 — Nicobars. Sesarma schiittei Hess. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 31. 1. p. 24, pl. 6 f. 11 — Sydney.
Sesarma gracilipes de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 2 p. 21 — New Guinea and Amboina.
Sesarma schiitteii Haswell. Cat. Austral. Crust., p. Sesarma schiittet Miers. Brach. ,Challenger” Rep., p. 271 — New South Wales.
Sesarma gracilipes de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 645 and 663 — Madagascar.
Sesarma gracilipes Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden Bd. 3 n° 3 1890/91, p. 8388 — Bay of Geelvink (Netherlands’ New Guinea). Sesarma jacquinoti Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 718 — Pacific and Tahiti.
Sesarma gracilipes Ortmann. Denksch. med.-naturwiss. Gesellsch. Jena, Bd. 8 p. 56 — New Guinea.
Sesarma (Sesarma) gracilipes de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p- 165 — Atjeh.
Sesarma (Sesarma) gracilipes Nobili, Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Ge- nova, (2) t. 20 p. 267 — North-west New Guinea.
Sesarma (Sesarma) gracilipes de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 507 — Ternate and Halmaheira.
Sesarma (Sesarma) gracilipes Nobili. Ann. Mus. Hung., t. 3 p. 496 — Sattelberg (German New Guinea).
Sesarma (Sesarma) gracilipes Rathbun, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 52 p. 309, Be 3 f. 1—2 — Manokwari (Nether- lands’ New Guinea).
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 155
Specimens in the Museum:
1 &, Amboyna, Ludeking coll. 1863. 10, 1 9, Andai (Netherlands’ New Guinea), v. Rosenberg coll. 1870.
mentioned by de Man 1880.
The longitudinal crest at the upper border of the palm is often broken up, not entire; the upper border itself is much rounded off, and at the inner side of it numerous granules, similar to those composing the lon- gitudinal crest, are placed in subparallel, short rows; the inner surface of the palm is provided with larger granules and near the base of the fingers an elevated knob bears some crowded granules, but only in adult specimens a true transverse row may be found ({ have examined a rather large number of specimens, collected at Nias, and belonging to the Am- sterdam Zoological Museum). There is a large tubercle and_ several smaller ones at the inner side of the base of the immobile finger. The characteristic prominent tubercle at the outer surface of the palm, is, as de Man (1902) remarks, nearly or wholly absent in the Q, but also young © have only a trace .of it. As it is on account of the absence of this tubercle that Ortmann founded his species Ses. jacquinoti and de Man described a specimen (1902, p. 508—509), which appears in this respect to be identical with Ortmann’s species, but was regarded by de Man at most as a variety, I see no reason to maintain Ortmann’s
species as distinct.
47. Sesarma (Holometopus) granosimana Miers. 1880. Sesarma granosimana Miers. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) v. 5 p. 24, pl. 14 f. 3 — Indo-Malayan Seas. 1887. Sesarma granosimana de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 644 — no locality. 1895. Sesarma (Sesarma) granosimana de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p- 143 — Pontianak. Specimens in the Museum: 1 o (examined by de Man 1895).
48. Sesarma (Chiromantes) guttata A. Milne-Edwards. 1869. Sesarma guttatum A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t.
5, Bull. p. 26 — Zanzibar. 1887. Sesarma guttata de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 658 — no locality.
1888. Sesarma guttata de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22 p. 177 — no new locality.
156 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL ITI.
49, Sesarma (Holometopus) haematocheir (de Haan).
1835. Grapsus (Pachysoma) haematocheir de Haan. Faun. Japon., Crust., p. 62, pl. 7 f. 4 — Japan.
1853. Holometopus haematocheir H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 188 — Japan.
1858. Holometopus haematocheir Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadel- phia, 1858, p. 106 — Hongkong, Simoda and Ousima.
1865. Holometopus haematocheir Heller. Crust. Reise , Novara’, p. 66 — Hongkong.
1887. Sesarma haematocheir de Man Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 642 — no new locality.
1893. Sesarma haematocheir Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 614, pl. 21 f. 8 — Yokohama and Hongkong.
1894. Sesarma haematocheir Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 717 — Japan, Loo-Choo Islands and Singapore.
1907. Holometopus haematocheir Stimpson. Smithson. Inst. Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p. 137 — same localities as in 1858.
Specimens in the Museum: 90, 4 9, Japan, v. Siebold coll. (types of de Haan). 1 6, 1 Q, Amoy (China), G. Schlegel coll. 8 of (partly juv.), 3 QO, Kobe (Japan), v. Oordt vy. Lauwenrecht coll. 1906.
This species, the type of the subgenus Holometopus, has been well figured by de Haan, but after him it is only Biirger who gave some more information about it. It is easily recognizable by its front being perfectly straight and the postfrontal lobes being scarcely indicated, in- deed in such as way, that there is only a slight incision, separating the median lobes, while the lateral ones are not separated off. Now Biirger described and figured a variety, in which also the lateral lobes are in- dicated, and, though not so distinctly as figured by this author, I found the same among: my material. The whole surface of the carapace is perfectly smooth and polished, the regions scarcely indicated, only the cervical furrow '), between the gastric and cardiac region, being dis- tinct. The anterior thirds of the lateral margins of the carapace are a little diverging distally, the posterior two-thirds are parallel. The front is vertically deflexed and hollowed out, the nearly continuous line of the postfrontal lobes is sharp. In some specimens the posterior margin
1) Birger always calls the groove separating the median postfrontal lobes the cervical furrow, against the usual denomination.
’s RISKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 157
of the carapace is as broad as the front, as Biirger observed, but in other cases the front is distinctly broader.
De Haan remarks, that the chelae are equal, but judging from my material this is not always the case. The whole cheliped is remarkably destitute of spines and even of granules. Superior border of arm without subdistal tooth, wrist with obtuse inner angle. Palm much inflated, very high, with rounded upper surface, which has some few subparallel, short lines of small granules running obliquely-longitudinally ; whole surface perfectly smooth and shining, save some irregular granules in the middle of the inner surface.
Fingers widely gaping in the adult ©’, not so in young specimens; immobile finger very high at the base and much flattened, rapidly nar- rowing towards the tip. Upper margin of mobile finger with a regu- lar series of 16—18 tubercles, somewhat less in the Q than in the ©, gradually becoming indistinct towards the tip. This feature, however, is only pronounced in not yet full-grown specimens and disappears entirely in adult individuals. De Haan does not say any- thing about this row of tubercles, and Birger only mentions a fine den- ticulation.
Meropodites of walking legs very slender, both margins of carpo- and propodites clothed with the usual short fur and some longer hairs; dactyli with short bristles, very slender, longer than their respective propodites.
The anterior part of the carapace is brightly red, which colour ex- tends also to the cardiac region. Likely coloured are the carpopodite and the palm of the chelipeds; de Haan remarks that owing to its bright chelae the species is easily detected in life.
| 2 Dimensions: fot O Distance between external orbital angles. . . . . 28.— 27.5 mm. Centos PULeAuGnM OL, CALapace . etd.) i natal os). A Leys OOLOm aro LeOle Hts envi omearapace, imtuesmedian, line) 52)2.f'. (ely Ade 2 a MSeACMMOL ARON bya: \/ Aa aMe Gl gRtbL fet cline adele hee y SAR OV TPA irg whe Horizontal length of chela (palm + immobile finger) . 29.51) 20.— , sil doh one Te a eck Cle Ca Dey VOSTO ks Length of meropodite 20.— 19.— , Breadth of meropodite 6.75 T.— ,y Length carpo--+ propodite ) of penultimate pair of legs 21.5 21.— , Breadth of propodite DED), y\ Paez Owy
Length of dactylus 15.— 13.5 ,
1) 1n this specimen I measured the right cheliped, that was considerably larger than the left.
158 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III. Greatest :breadth of abdomen of f°. i. 7 2 2.0 13H — mm. (in the middle of 34 segment) Posterior margin| of penultimate segment l— — 4 Length { of abdomen Sp cb See 50. Sesarma (Holometopus) hansent Rathbun. 1897. Sesarma (Holometopus) hansent Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 11 p. 92 — West Indies. 51. Sesarma (Chiromantes) haswelli de Man. :
1869. Sesarma bidens (part.) Hilgendorf. v. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost- Afrika, Bd. 3, Crust., p. 91 — Ceylon ’).
1887. Sesarma haswelli de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 658 — Mergui Archipelago.
1888. Sesarma haswelli de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, y. 22 p. 175 — Sullivan Island (Mergui Archipel.).
1910. Sesarma (Chiromantes) haswelli Rathbun. K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. _Skr., 7. Raekke, Afd. 5 n°. 4 p. 329 — Gulf of Siam.
52. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) tmpressa H. Milne-Edwards.
1837. Sesarma impressa H. Milne-Edwards. Hist. nat. Crust., t. 2. p. 74 — no locality.
1853. Sesarma impressa H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 186 — no locality.
1865. Sesarma similis Hess. Arch. Naturgesch. Jahrg- 31.1 p. 150 — Sydney.
1869. Sesarma frontale A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 27 — West coast of Madagascar.
1882. Sesarma similis Haswell. Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 108 — Sydney.
1887. Sesarma frontalis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 649 — no new locality.
1887. Sesarma impressa de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 653 and 671 — Madagascar.
1892. Sesarma impressa de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost- Indien, Bd. 2 p. 330 — Koinino River (Timor).
1892. Sesarma frontalis de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost- Indien, Bd. 2 p. 334, pl. 19 f. 18 — Flores.
1893. Sesarma impressa Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 620, pl. 21
f. 4—5 — Philippines and Pelew Islands.
1) According to de Man (1888),
’s RIJKS MUSEUM a AN NAT UURLIJKE HISTORLE — LEIDEN. 159
1894. Sesarma impressa Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 723 — Samoah.
1895. Sesarma (Kpisesarma) frontalis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Bd. 9 p- 172 — Atjeh.
1899. Sesarma (Sesarma) impressa Nobili. Ann. mus. civ, stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 507 — Mentawei Islands and Timor Kupang.
1899. Sesarma (Sesarma) frontalis Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 509 — Engano (off west coast of Sumatra).
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) impressa de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 527 — Ternate, Batjan, Halmaheira.
1902. Sesarma impressa Schenkel. Verhandl. naturforsch. Gesellsch. Basel, Bd. 13 p. 546 — Kema (Celebes).
1905. Sesarma impressa Lenz. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 27 Heft 14 p. 370 — Zanzibar.
Specimens in the Museum:
1 o', Halmaheira, Kiikenthal coll. 1893—94 (examined by de Man 1902).
1 Q, Halmaheira, Huetink coll. 1902.
1 o', 3 Q, Soemalata (N. Celebes), E. E. W. Schroder coll.
3 o', Kisser @i—-Gtinea); Schidler coll. 1897.
1 Q, Nias, E. E. W. Schréder coll. 1908.
The variation, shown by this species, in the proportion of the distance between the external orbital angles and the length of the carapace, in such a way, that sometimes the latter dimension exceeds the former, has been repeatedly discussed by de Man. He also was the first to recognize (1887) Ses. similis as synonymous with Ses. impressa and afterwards (1902) to show clearly, that Ses. frontalis has been founded on not yet fullgrown specimens of the present species. The large series of dimen- sions, taken from no less than 11 specimens by this author renders further measurements useless. |. cannot as yet make up my mind to unite Ses. intermedia de Haan from Japan with Ses. iimpressa, as has been done by de Man (1902), who regarded the Japanese form at most as a variety, distinguished by somewhat less expanded meropodites of the walking legs.
53. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) indica UW. Milne-Edwards.
1837. Sesarma indica H. Milne-Edwards. Hist. nat. Crust., t. 2 p. 74 — i Java. 1853. Sesarma indica H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 186 — Indian Seas. 1883. Sesarma indica de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 5 p. 166 — Sumatra.
160 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL ITI.
1887. Sesarma indica de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 652 — no new locality. 1899. Sesarma (Episesarma) indica Nobili. Ann. mus. ciy. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 267 — New Guinea. 1899. Sesarma (Sesarma) indica Nobili. Ann. mus. ciy. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 507 — Nias. Specimens in the Museum: 1 Q, locality unknown. : 1 s sini D. P. Jentink coll. 1878 | ee De de : an 1883. 1 ©, locality unknown. |
I have before me a very fine series of this species, originating from Nias, and belonging to the Amsterdam Zoological Museum. Save some remarks of Nobili (1899, p. 267) the only rather extensive description of Ses. indica is given by de Man, and I shall restrict myself here only to indicating its principal characters. |
Carapace very much convex, especially in a longitudinal direction, about as in the genus Sarmatiwm '), distinctly broader than long. Grea- test breadth of carapace lying at level of second epibranchial tooth, from here distally the lateral margins are distinctly converging. Upper orbital border nearly straight, slightly wavy; external orbital angle acute, with convex lateral margin and separated by a deep incision from the an- terior epibranchial tooth, that has about the same size, but the tip of which is directed somewhat more upward, and the lateral margin is nearly straight, not convex; second epibranchial tooth very dis- tinetly developed, more so than in any other species of Sesarma, that I know off (in Ses. tiomanensis Rathbun, that is very closely re- lated to the present species, it is said to be equally developed), of the same shape as the preceding tooth, but of smaller size. Surface of carapace closely covered with tufts of black hairs, largest on the anterior half of the carapace, but absent in the deep furrows, and reduced to short parallel rows on the branchial regions, which are only slightly sloping. The triangular intestinal region has some convex, long, hairy lines. All the regions are very distinct, as the grooves are deep, especially the mesial furrow, and those circumscribing the mesogastric area; the grooves between the median and lateral postfrontal lobes extending far backward. Median postfrontal lobes about 11/, times as large as the. lateral ones; all with rounded anterior margins. Front
1) It is this superficial resemblance probably, that induced Heller (Crust. Reise ,,Novara”’, 1865, p. 64) to refer a specimen of Sarmatium punctalum A Milne-Edwards to the present species.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 161
vertically deflexed, but free margin projecting and with a very deep and rather narrow median sinus; the lateral margins of the front are concave and pass with a sharp angle into the anterior margin. Chelipeds very massive; upper border of arm with a sharp, curved, subdistal tooth, an- terior margin scarcely expanded in its distal half and, like the posterior border, coarsely serrate. Carpopodite rugose at the upper surface, with sharply produced inner angle; between this angle and the palmar joint, the anterior margin is provided with a row of 7—8 teeth. Palm much inflated and very high in the co’; upper margin marked, at least in the proximal half by a longitudinal row of granules, which is dis- solved anteriorly into some subparallel, much smaller, but similar, rows and ends, above the base of the mobile finger, with an acute spine; outer surface longitudinally wrinkled (in old specimens) or granular, especially in the inferior half; under margin much rounded off; inner surface with irregularly-placed, large granules. Fingers somewhat longer than the palm, immobile finger with horny-coloured denticles along its whole inferior border, flattened at the sides, that are perfectly smooth (with a few pits at the outer surface). The cutting margins of both fingers present in young specimens the usual denticles of different size, but with advancing age these seem to become obliterated, until in large specimens they have almost completely disappeared. The mobile finger, as both de Man and Nobili remarked, is strongly curved in the adult ©, but in young specimens, and in the Q always, the finger presents only a feeble arch; the .back has a row of 11—14 acute tubercles with horny tips and directed forward, they extend to the tip of the finger, but are somewhat irregularly distributed, notably more closely together near the tip.and accompanied by smaller granules at the inner side of the base; this character again becomes indistinet with advancing age; outer and inner surface of the mobile finger are smooth, minutely pitted.
Walking legs short; meropodites rather slender, more than twice as long as broad; propodite covered at both margins with a short and close fur, which, however, scarcely extends to the carpopodite, not even in the first pair of walking legs. Dactyli long, strongly curved and pointed, with horny tips, as long as their respective propodites.
Abdomen of o broad; posterior margin of penultimate segment some- what more than twice the length of this segment.
Dimensions of 2 © from Nias: Distance between external orbital angles . . . . 36.75 at.co) mm,
Greatest breadth of carapace (at level of posterior epibranchiale teeth) are Ws) ey) 64,71). \21, (eis os ake BOSD 41.—
162 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III. Length of carapace in the median line. . . . . 32.— 34.5 mm. Posterior margin | 204.) 3.400 eee hie 5 Poh: Heo, Mek gue OP yaa Breadthot siront 0). Ree eee eee kt ee TBE ORD te Horizontal length of chela (palm immobile finger). 38.5 40.5 , Height »of ‘palms, <'°.\-ae ie, eee et te Sa Rea eeaeeteee Length of meropodite 26.5 28.— 4 Breadth , . of penultimate 1d 12— , Length of carpo- + propodite pair of legs 29.— 31.— , Length of dactylus 17— 15.— , Posterior margin of penultimate segment 12S Hsp = Length of abdomen 5.75 G2 D4. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) intermedia (de Haan). 1835. Grapsus (Pachysoma) intermedius de Haan. Faun. Japon., Crust., p- 61, pl. 16 f. 5 — Japan and Soerabaya. 1853. Sesarma intermedia H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p- 186 — Japan. 1858. Sesarma intermedia Stimpson. Proe. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 105 — Simoda, Hongkong and Ousima. 1880. Sesarma intermedia de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 2 p. 25 — Japan. 1880. Sesarma intermedia Miers. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) v. 5 p. 314 — Japan. 1887. Sesarma intermedia de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 649 — no new locality. 1892. Sesarma intermedia de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-Indien, Bd. 2 p. 337 — description of type-specimen. 1894. Sesarma intermedia Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 721 — Tokio. 1907. Sesarma intermedia Stimpson. Smithson. Inst. Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p- 133 — same localities as in 1858. nec. Ses. intermedia de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22, 1888, p. 182 (= Ses. moeschii de Man). Specimens in the Museum: 2 o’, Japan (1 o’, type, Burger coll. ') As has been remarked by de Man (1892, p. 336) this species is very
much alike Ses. impressa H. Milne-Edwards and Ses. moeschii de Man. In 1902 he even identifies the present species with Ses. impressa (see
1) De
Haan records still a specimen from Soerabaya. but this seems to be lost at present.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 1
| & wo
under the head of this species). I have here maintained it as a distinct
form on account of the following features:
1°. The lateral margins of the carapace are slightly concave in the middle and subparallel in the Japanese typical specimen, distinctly diverging distally in Ses. ¢mpressa.
2°. The carapace is nearly smooth in the former, rough in the latter species.
3°. The median sinus of the front is narrow and deep in Ses. impressa, shallow and broad in Ses. intermedia.
4°.'The outer surface of the palm of the chelipeds is nearly smooth in the Japanese species, with a distinctly defined group of large granules in the inferior part, but wholly covered with large, rounded tubercles in Ses. impressa.
5°. The anterior margin of the carpopodite is spined and the inner angle produced in Ses. impressa, but in Ses. intermedia the anterior margin is entire and the inner angle obtuse. ;
6°. The meropodites of the walking legs are somewhat more slender in the Japanese species and the carpo- and propodite are beset with long hairs, which hairs are nearly wholly absent in Ses. impressa.
7°. The distance between the external orbital angles is about equal to the length of the carapace in the median line in Ses. impressa, but in the typical specimen of Ses. intermedia the latter is distinctly shorter
(distance between external orbital angles 23 mm., between epibranchial
teeth 24 mm., length of carapace in the median line 22 mm. !).
It are especially the first, fourth and fifth points of difference, that seem to me to be of systematic importance, but before more material of Ses. intermedia is available, in order to acquire a look over the range of variation, the right of existence of the species remains doubtful, though, as de Man (1902, p. 530) rightly remarks, in the case of identity, the name of de Haan would have priority.
55. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) jacobsoni IShle.
1912. Sesarma jacobsoni Thle. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 34 p. 178, pl. 9 — subterranean rivers on south coast of Java.
Specimens in the Museum: 5 o', 5 D (types of Ihle), Jacobson coll. 1911.
1) De Man (1892, p. 337) says, that in Ses. intermedia the distance between the epibran- chial teeth exceeds that between the external orbital angles, but afterwards (1902, p. 528) he recognized, that the same may occur in Ses. empressa. He also remarks (1892, p. 337) that the hind margin of the type specimen of de Haan is damaged, but it is nevertheless possible to measure the length of the carapace.
164 _Z001.0GISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL IIL 56. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) jarvisi Rathbun. 1914. Sesarma (Sesarma) jarvist Rathbun. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p- 124, pl. 7 f. 1—3 — Jamaica. 57. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) jousseaumet Nobili. 1906. Sesarma jousseaumet Nobili. Bull. scient. France et Belgique, t. 40 p. 411 — Red Sea. 1906. Sesarma jousseaumet Nobili. Ann. Se. nat., (9) t. 4 p. 323, pl. 8 f. 9 (maxilliped) — same locality. 58. Sesarma (Chiromantes) kamermani de Man. 1883. Sesarma kamermani de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 5 p. 165 — Muserra (Congo). 1900. Sesarma (Perisesarma) kamermani Rathbun. Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., v. 22 p. 280 — no new locality. Specimens in the Museum: 1 of (type of de Man), Kamerman coll. 1882. 59. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) kraussi de Man. 1847. Sesarma longipes White nec Krauss. List spec. Crust. Coll. Brit. Museum, p. 39 — Singapore. 1887. Sesarma krausii de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 652 — Bay of Bengal. 1888. Sesarma kraussi de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22 p. 193, pl. 14 f. 1—3 — Kisseraing Island (Mergui archipelago). 1900. Sesarma kraussi Aleock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 425 — Nicobars. 60. Sesarma (Sesarma. s.s.) laevis A. Milne-Edwards. 1869. Sesarma laeve A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 27 — Aru Islands. 1887. Sesarma laevis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 649 — no new locality. 1892. Sesarma laevis de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost- Indien, Bd. 2 p. 333 — no locality, notes on type-specimen. 61. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) lafondi Jacquinot et Lucas. 1853. Sesarma lafondi Jacquinot et Lucas. Zool. Voyage , Astrolabe” et
»Aélée”, Crust., t. 3 p. 70, pl. 6 f. 4 — no locality.
*s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN.
1853. Sesarma lafondi H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p.
185 — Pacific?
1887. Sesarma lafondi de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 647 and
667 — no locality, description of co-type.
1892. Sesarma lafondi? de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-
4 Indien, Bd. 2 p. 331 — Deli (Sumatra).
1899. Sesarma (Sesarma) lafondi Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 506 — Siboga (Sumatra).
1901. Sesarma (Sesarma) lafondii Lanchester. Proce. Zool. Soe. London, 1901, p. 550 — Singora (Malay Peninsula).
XE ieee Specimens in the Museum: 1 OQ, Java.
Among the dry material of Crustacea in the Museum I found a full- grown 9, which seems to me to belong to the present species, though | am not yet quite certain of my determination, as the relative length of the carapace in proportion to the distance between the external orbital angles does not agree with these dimensions, taken by de Man, of the co-type, and also the keel on the back of the mobile finger does not wholly answer to the description given by the latter author.
As both de Man and Nobili rightly remarked, the carapace of this species is very much like that of Ses. taeniolata White: it is little con- vex, in longitudinal as well as in transverse sense, the branchial regions are little declivous and the whole surface is smooth and shining on superficial examination, though on closer inspection the protogastric lobes prove to exhibit a great many longitudinal wrinkles in which, during life, probably bunches of hairs are inserted. Proto- and mesogas- tric regions are well marked; the mesial groove separating the median postfrontal lobes being very deep, not widening distally and the trian- gular lobe of the mesogastric region scarcely projects forward into this groove. The postfrontal lobes are of the same shape as in Ses. taendolata, the median ones about 1'/, times as broad as the outer ones, the latter with distinct posterior lobe; all the lobes with rounded anterior margin. Front’ vertically deflexed, with parallel and straight lateral margins and with two large projections at the fore margin, each of which bears a transverse, rather large knob (PI. XV Fig. 1a); there is a deep and rather narrow, median sinus (in Ses. taeniolata it is much broader, and the middle part of the sinus is straight, not somewhat concave as in the present species); laterally these projections do not pass continually into
166 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL II.
the fore margin of the front, but are separated off, both in Ses. taentolata and in the present species by a nearly rectangular incision, so that the front projects at the lateral angles. The external orbital angles are acute with convex lateral margins, wholly as in Ses. taeniolata, separated by a deep incision from the much smaller and somewhat less projecting epibranchial teeth, the anterior and lateral margins of which form a right angle (acute in Ses. taeniolata), the latter margins are nearly straight, slightly converging distally, and the tip is much curved upward. Behind each epibranchial tooth there is still a trace of another tooth, behind which the lateral margins of the carapace are perfectly parallel, quite as in de Man’s specimen of 1887. In Ses. taeniolata on the contrary the side margins are distinctly converging distally.
In de Man’s co-type (1887) the length of the carapace seems to be considerably less in proportion to the distance between the external or- bital angles than in my specimen, for.in de Man’s specimen these dimen- sions are respectively 33 and 38 mm. (87:100), in the Museum spe- cimen 36.5 and 39.5 mm. (92: 100), and in an exactly as large specimen of Ses. taeniolata (in which the distance between the external orbital angles is exactly the same as in my specimen of Ses. /afondz) the length of the carapace is even less (35.5 mm.). De Man and Nobili, on the contrary, remarked, that in Ses. lafondi the carapace is shorter and broader, in proportion to the distance between the external orbital angles, than in Ses. taeniolata, whereas I found the reverse.
The anterior border of the arm of the chelipeds is dentate, like the outer or posterior margin, and has at its subdistal end a sharp triangular projection, the margins of which are likewise dentate; the superior border bears a subdistal acute, strongly curved tooth, quite as in Ses. taeniolata. In both species the inner angle of the wrist is sharply produced. The palm (in Q) is much shorter than the fingers; the upper border is sharp and at some distance runs a very characteristic granulated continuous row (Fig. 16), that anteriorly unites with the upper border and has here some larger granules. A similar row, as is well-known, oecurs in Ses. taeniolata, but here it is pectinated, consisting of numerous black and obtuse teeth, of the same structure as is generally found in the subgenera Parasesarma and Chiromantes. The outer surface bears numerous rounded granules, irregularly distributed, but in the left che- liped (here figured), not in the right, there is one short row of granules near the upper border. The inferior border is rounded off, in the same line with that of the immobile finger, and covered with granules, which tend to arrange themselves in sublongitudinal rows and disappear entirely on the immobile finger. Inner surface of. palm with a few, largely-sepa-
*s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 167
rated granules, of the same size as those of the inferior border; no trace of a transverse crest, only a few scattered hairs are to be seen. Fingers long, not gaping, coloured in red, with some large pits at both surfaces, especially in the case of the immovable finger; back of movable finger with a characteristic low keel, which is most distinct in the proximal half and gradually disappears distally; it is accompanied by irregular granules at both sides, but especially at the outer side, and is broken up towards its end into 4—5 very indistinct parts, marked by a transverse section. This last character is not mentioned, neither by de Man nor by Nobili; the latter author makes mention of two or three granules at the base of the keel, that in my specimen, however, is enti- rely smooth.
The walking legs are short, very robust and entirely of the same shape as in Ses. taeniolata, though in the present species the dactyli are distinctly shorter and the propodites somewhat more slender. The mero- podites are twice as long as broad, transversely rugose (only minutely so in the case of the last pair), crenulate along the anterior margin and even at the distal fifth part of the posterior border. Carpo- and propodite together are longest in the case of the penultimate pair of legs. Dactyli always distinctly shorter than their respective propodites, acute, curved and hairy in the usual way. The propodites are furnished with hairs along the margins, but, as generally occurs in this genus, this hairiness extends farthest upward in the case of the first pair of walking legs and gradually diminishes in the other legs.
As my specimen was a Q, as also those of de Man (1887 and 1892) and Nobili, the shape of the abdomen of the O must remain unknown.
Dr. de Man very kindly lent me a specimen of the three young females, described by him in 1892. This small specimen, which was referred by the author to Ses. lafondi, though with some doubt, had a length of carapace of 18 mm.; the distance between the external orbital angles was 20 mm.; the proportion therefore 100: 111, intermediate be- tween what was found by de Man (1887) and by me in the case of the
a
large specimen of the Museum. In the young Q I further remarked, that the lateral margins of the carapace are slightly converging distally, not parallel, that of a second epibranchial tooth merely a trace is found, and that the median sinus in the free margin of the front is very shallow and broad, scarcely indicated; besides, each large transverse tubercle on each projection of the free margin, which tubercle is so conspicuous in the large Q, is replaced here by two minute granules, tipped with a hair. The keel on the upper margin of the movable finger is likewise present, though it is only distinct at the base and disappears very soon; also the 12 (23—V1—1917)
168 _Z00LOGISCHE: MEDEDEELINGEN — ~- DEEL TTL
longitudinal row of small granules along the upper margin of the finger is distinctly represented. The small differences between the two females of very different size, though perhaps largely due to age, may be ascribed to a constant or merely individual variation, but I prefer to refer both the specimens to the present species.
It is a curious fact, that only females of this species have been exa- mined ; probably in the males the characters are much more pronounced ').
The Museum specimen in still se larger than de Man’s co-type (1887). Dimensions:
Distance between external orbital angles . . . . . . 39.5 mm.
- 4 epibranchial teeth. . . . . s9— , Breadth of carapace above base of penultimate pair AE fees 39.— , Hiensth ‘of ‘carapace in‘'the median line 2°) 5%". Se. 2 436.0 oS Breadtn’otsironts is. 1_. i itomer en temen eye! ek ys. Gy emanate eae Nien na POSteMOr, Maro Ol {CATAPACE” eee i eee Cais) Neen ane Oem PorZontaiolensth er palm: t.” “a0 ues hs." mcs ce es ieg vege Rebel Cnedeon a Height of palm . Is ae Length of mobile finger 2a Length of meropodite PAR Re Breadth of meropodite of penultimate |i 0 Length of carpo- + propodite | pair of legs 31.5, Length of dactylus it
|
62. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) lanata Aleock.
1900. Sesarma lanatum Alcock. Journ. As. Soe. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 418 — Bombay and Karachi.
1903. Sesarma lanatum Aleock et Me Ardle. Ill. Zool. Investigator’, Crust. prt. 10, pl. 65 f. 4—4a — no locality.
63. Sesarma (Holometopus) latifemur Aleock.
1900. Sesarma latifemur Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p- 421 — Andamans.
1903. Sesarma latifemur Alcock et Me Ardle. Ill. Zool. , Investigator’, . Crust. prt. 10, pl. 66 f. 2 — no locality.
64. Sesarma (Parasesarma) lenzii de Man.
1889. Sesarma melissa? de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 434 — Fiji Isles.
1) As to specimens presumed to be the ¢ of this species, see Sesarma taeniolata crebrestriata).
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 169
1895—98. Sesarma (Parasesarma) lenzii de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd.
1902.
1902.
1869.
1887.
1889.
1889.
1894.
1902.
1905.
1910.
1914.
9 p. 199. Bd. 10, pl. 30 f. 35 — Atjeh and Penang. Sesarma (Parasesarma) lenzii var. de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 536 — Halmaheira.
65. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) leprosa Schenkel.
Sesarma leprosa Schenkel. Verhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Basel, Bd. 13 p. 557, pl. 12 f. 19d—20 — Mount Masarang (Celebes).
66. Sesarma (Parasesarma) leptosoma Hilgendorf.
Sesarma leptosoma Hilgendorf. y. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika, Bd. 3.1, Crust., p. 91, pl. 6 f. 1 + Zanzibar. Sesarma leptosoma de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 645 — no new locality. Sesarma leptosoma de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 4386, pl. 10 f. 11 — Fiji Isles. Sesarma leptosoma Pfefter. Mitt. naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, Bd. 6 p- 31 °-— Bagamoyo (EK. Africa). Sesarma leptosoma Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 725 — Fiji Isles. Sesarma (Parasesarma) leptosoma de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3, p. 534 — Halmaheira. Sesarma (Parasesarma) leptosoma Nobili. Ann. Mus. Hung., v. 3 p- 497 — Friedrich Wilhelms-harbour (German New Guinea). Sesarma (Parasesarma) leptosoma Rathbun. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 52 p. 309, pl. 4 f. 1 — Jobi island (Nether- lands’ New Guinea). Specimens in the Museum: 2 oO, Fiji Isles.
67. Sesarma (Holometopus) limbensis Rathbun.
Sesarma (Holometopus) limbense Rathbun. Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p. 79 — Gulf of Tomini (Celebes).
68. Sesarma (Chiromantes) livida A. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma lividum A. Milne-Edwards. Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 25 — New Caledonia.
Sesarma lividum A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 9 p- 303, pl. 16 f. 2 — New Caledonia.
Sesarma lividum Broechi. Ann. Se. nat., (6) t. 2 p. 83 — no loca- lity, male appendages described.
170 - ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
1887. Sesarma livida de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 659 — no new locality.
1888. Sesarma livida de Man. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 53.1. p. 381, pl. 17 f. 1 — Noordwachter Island (North coast of Java).
1902. Sesarma (Perisesarma) livida de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 539 — Amboyna.
1910. Sesarma (Chiromantes) lividum Rathbun. K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk.
1901.
1902.
1902.
Skr., 7. Raekke, Afd. 5 n°. 4 p. 329 — Gulf of Siam.
Specimens in the Museum:
1 Pacifie. 2 9, 3 Q, Amboina, Ludeking coll. 1863 (examined by de Man 1902).
69. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) longipes Krauss.
Sesarma longipes Krauss. Siidafr. Crust., p. 44, pl. 3 f. 2 — Um- lass river (Natal).
Helice? longipes Miers. Brachyura Rep. ,Challenger”, p. 268 — name only.
Sesarma longipes de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 651 — no new locality.
Sesarma longipes Aleock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 424 — Andamans.
Sesarma longipes Borradaile. Transact. Linn. Soe. London, (2) v. 12 p. 64 — Seychelles.
Sesarma longipes Stebbing. 8. A. Crust., prt. 5 p. 322 — no new locality.
70. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) maculata de Man.
Sesarma maculata de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost- Indien, Bd. 2 p. 347, pl. 21 f. 19 — Flores. | Sesarma (Geosesarma) maculata Lanchester. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1901, p. 550 — Lacom (Malay Peninsula).
Sesarma (Sesarma) maculata de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 517 — Ternate, Batjan, Halmaheira.
Sesarma maculata Schenkel. Verhandl. naturforsch. Gesellsch. Basel, Bd. 13 p. 550, pl. 12 f. 19a — Kema (Celebes).
Specimens in the Museum:
| 9, 1 9, Ternate, Kiikenthal coll. 1893/94 (examined by de Man 1902). 1 9, Roti (near Timor). Dr. ten Kate coll. 1891.
’s RIEKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE -~- LEIDEN. 171
71. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) meinerti de Man.
ran ose agona WI. Milne-Edwards (nec Fabricius), Hist. nat. Crust., t. 2 p. 73 — Indian Ocean.
Sesarma oe agona Krauss. Siidafr. Crust. p. 44 — Bay of Natal. Sesarma tetragona H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 184 — Mauritius.
Sesarma tetragona A. Milne-Edwards. Nouy. Arch. Mus. parish ti 4 p. 71 — Zanzibar.
Sesarma africana?*) Bianconi. Spec. Zool. mosamb., fase. 18 p. 341 — Mossambique. | Sesarma tetragona Hilgendorf. vy. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika. Bd. 3.1., Crust., p. 90, pl. 3 f. 3d — Zanzibar and Mossambique. Sesarma tetragonum A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 9 p. 304, pl. 16 f. 4 — New Caledonia. é
Sesarma tetragona Hoffmann. Crust. et Hchinod. Madagascar, p. 23 — Nossi Faly, Nossi Bé, Sakatia (Madagascar).
Sesarma tetragona Hilgendorf. Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p- 809 — Mossambique.
Sesarma tetragonum Miers. Philosoph. Transact. v. 168 p. 490 — Rodriguez.
Sesarma meinerti de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. . 648 and 668 — Madagascar.
Sesarma meinerti Pfeffer. Mitt. naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, Bd. 6 p- 31 — Kingano (EK. Africa).
Sesarma meinerti Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 617 — Philippines.
Sesarma tetragona?’ Henderson. Transact. Linn. Soc. London, (2) v. 5 p. 392 — British India.
Sesarma meinerti Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 720 — Pacific and Mauritius.
Sesarma meinerti Ortmann. Denkschr. med.-naturwiss. Gesellsch. Jena, Bd. 7 p. 56 — Dar-es-Salaam (E. Africa).
Sesarma (Hpisesarma) meinerti de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p- 166 — Atjeh.
Sesarma meinerti Aleock. Journ. As. Soe. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 417 — Andamans and Madras.
Sesarma meinerti Doflein. Zool. , Valdivia” Exp., Bd. 6 (Crust. Dec.) p. 1380 — Dar-es-Salaam,
1) Fid, Hilgendorf (1879, p. 809).
172 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL It.
1905. Sesarma meinerti Lenz. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 27 Heft 4 p. 372. — Zanzibar. 1910. Sesarma tetragonum Stebbing. 8. A. Crust., Prt. 5 p. 321 — South Africa. 1913. Sesarma meinerti Me. Culloch. Rec. Austral. Mus., v. 9 n°. 3 p. 322 — Cooktown (EK. Australia). Specimens in the Museum: ¢, Celebes. Q, Nossi Bé, Pollen & vy. Dam coll. (examined by Hoffmann). co, Soela Besi. Seon oO. Pacitic: o', Java.
oe Gl a |
In the shape of the carapace and that of the lateral teeth this species, like Ses. smitht H. Milne-Edwards, has much in common with the genus . Sarmatium.
De Man (1895, p. 167) called attention to the considerable variations in the shape of the carapace, the greatest breadth of which is propor- tionally much larger in the 9 than in the o’, and in the former sex the posterior margin of the carapace may exceed the breadth of the front, whereas in the © the reverse in the case.
Among the dried specimens of Ses. taeniolata White in the Museum I found a large ¢' of the present species (from Java), but the carapace of this specimen presents such a curious resemblance to that of Ses. tweniolata, that, were it not for the characteristic features of the chelipeds and walking legs and the peculiar shape of the abdomen, it might easily be mistaken for the latter species. The carapace of this specimen is only feebly cur- ved in a longitudinal direction, nearly flattened; all the tufts of hair, though they may have been present, are now entirely rubbed off, the front is vertically deflexed, the shape of the postfrontal lobes is en- tirely the same as in Ses. taeniolata, the epibranchial teeth are acute, of the same shape as the outer orbital angles, and reach exactly as far outward; behind the epibranchial teeth the lateral mar- gins of the carapace converge distally. On the other hand, the chelipeds, the little enlarged meropodites of the walking legs, and the shape of the abdomen (the penultimate segment of which is only slightly broader at the base than long '), contrary to what is the usual case in this genus) entirely agree with the descriptions of A. Milne-Edwards, de Man, Alcock and others.
1) Pfeffer found the same relation in his specimens, but Lenz appears to refute this statement.
‘s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 173
The following are the results, arrived at by de Man (1895), as to the shape of the carapace: 1°. In both sexes the proportion of the distance between the external orbital angles and the length of the carapace is the same. 2°, In the © the posterior margin is about half the length of the cara- pace, and always considerably shorter than the breadth of the front; in the 9, on the contrary, the posterior margin is much more than half the length of the carapace and broader or only very slightly shorter than the breadth of the front. The distance between the epibranchial teeth is proportionally much greater in the Q than in the o’, so that in the latter sex the cara- pace appears to be narrower, in proportion to its length. From this we conclude, that in the 9 the carapace is much more strongly nar- rowed anteriorly than in the ¢''). De Man supposes this character to be a sexual difference, though, with regard to the few specimens examined, it cannot be said with certainty. Now, if we put together some records in literature about the dimen- sions of the species, and these are arranged for each sex separately, the following table is arrived at:
Ore
2 ; 3 4 B) iea'G 7 8
Ss S S of eee 2 ¢ between ext. orb. angles . | (100) 38.33(100) 32.—(100) 29.—(100) 28.—(100) | 32.(100) 29.—(100) 28—(100) 27.75 (100) between epibranch. teeth ? | (100) 43.— (112.2) 34.5 (107.8) 31.25 (107.8) 30.5 (108.9) | 35.— (109.4) 33.— (113.8) 30.— (107.1) 31.75 (114.4) h of carapace (90.4) 36.5 (95.2) 28.5 (89.0) 26.— (89.6) 25.5 (91.0) | 80.— (93.4) 26.25 (90.5) 25.— (89.8) 25.66 (92.5) rior margin of carapace | (42.2) 17.5 (45.6) 14.5 (45.3) 18—(44.8) 14— (50.0) | 16.—(50.0) 16.— (55.2) 14.— (50.0) 14.5 (52.3) lth of front (50.6) 21.5 (56.0) 17.75 (55.5) 16.25 (56.0) 16.-—(57.1) | 18.5 (57.8) 15.5 (53.4) 16.— (57.1) 15.— (54.0)
y N°. 1 is the large o of the Museum from Java, n°. 2 and 3 spe-
cimens of de Man (1887), n”. 4:
n°, 7: de Man (1895), n°. 8: Lenz, n°. 9 de Man (1895).
de Man (1895), n°. 5 and 6: Lenz,
For the sake of better comparison we take the distance between ex- ternal orbital angles
— 100, and, parting from this, we arrive at the numbers, entered in brackets. It may, then, be concluded: that indeed the proportion of the distance between the external orbital angles and
the length of carapace is nearly constant in both sexes and at different
1) Lenz says, that, according to de Man, the length of the carapace with advancing age increases in proportion to its breadth, but I have not succeeded in finding out, where this pre- sumption has been written by de Man,
Ave ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL II.
ages; that, further, the distance between the epibranchial teeth, as com- pared with that between external orbital angles, is generally greater in the © than in the © (though the proportion between both sexes may be sometimes nearly equal: co n’. 3 and 4, 9 n°. 8 and even the reverse may occur); and that, finally, the posterior margin is indeed half the length of the carapace, and much shorter than the breadth of the front, in the 6’, whereas in the Q the posterior margin is proportionally much longer, and the breadth of the front in some cases is more, in other less than the length of the posterior margin. There seems to be no relation whatever between the age and the proportional dimensions of the in- dividual.
72. Sesarma (Parasesarma) melissa de Man.
1887. Sesarma melissa de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 656 — Mergui Archipelago.
1888. Sesarma melissa de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22 p. 170, pl. 12 f. 5—7 — Kisseraing Island (Mergui Archipelago). 1895—’98. Sesarma (Parasesarma) melissa de -Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst.,
Bd. 9 p. 205, Bd. 10, pl. 31 f. 37 — Penang. nec Sesarma melissa de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4, 1889, p. 434 (= Ses. lenziti de Man).
73. Sesarma (Holometopus) miersii Rathbun.
1881. Sesarma angustipes? Miers. Proce. Zool. Soe. London, 1881, p. 70 — Monte Video. .
1886. Sesarma stimpsonii Miers. Brachyura Rep. ,Challenger” p. 270 (nec Ses. stimpsonit Miers. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 70 = Ses. ricordi H. Milne-Edwards) — no locality.
1897. Sesarma (Holometopus) miersii Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 11 p. 91 — Bahamas and Swan Island (Caribbean Sea), Desterro (Brazil).
74. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) mindanaoensis Rathbun. 1914. Sesarma (Sesarma) mindanaoense Rathbun. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p. 75 — Mindanao (Philippines). 75. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) minuta de Man.
1887. Sesarma minuta de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 650 — Edam Island near Batavia.
1888. Sesarma minuta de Man. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 53.1, p. 377, pl. 16 f. 4 — same locality.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — 175
1910. Sesarma (Sesarma) minutum Rathbun. K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., 7. Raekke, Afd. 5 n°. 4 p. 327 — Gulf of Siam.
76. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) modesta de Man.
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) modesta de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 511, pl. 19 f. 8 — Ternate. PRPC e Bic. 1:
I have before me some specimens from Nias, belonging to the Am- sterdam Zoological Museum and, besides, one specimen, collected by the ysiboga’”’-Expedition. All these specimens are Q, so that the determination presents great difficulties; on sending the material to Dr. de Man, I learned that these specimens are to be referred to the present species. As the © is not yet known, I shall try to indicate the differences from the co’, having chosen the ,Siboga”-specimen as base of my description.
De Man compares his species in the first place with Ses. angustifrons A. Milne-Edwards, from which it is distinguished, however, by a much shallower emargination of the front, the lack of a transverse row of granules at the inner surface of the palm, but especially by the much broader and shorter walking legs, which give this species in my opinion a much greater likeness to Ses. edwardsi and Ses. moeschii, both des- eribed by de Man, and to Ses. impressa H. Milne-Edwards.
The carapace in the Q is rather strongly conyex in a longitudinal and somewhat less so in a transverse direction; the branchial regions are very much declivous. Regions well marked, as in the o’, especially the transversal furrow marking the posterior margin of the mesogastric area ; this furrow is not interrupted in the middle, broadened and deepened at both ends; the grooves that mark the protogastric regions laterally, ap- parently distinct in the ©’, are lacking in my specimens. The mesogas- tric region itself is divided by a concave transverse groove into two parts, the anterior one of which is the larger. Anterior cardiac region separated by slight grooves from the branchial regions, in a similar way the intestinal region is separated off, but here the lateral boundaries are much less distinct. Postfrontal lobes straight at the fore margin, sepa- rated by very narrow grooves; lateral lobes about */, times as broad as the inner lobes '); the former with posterior lobe. All the lobes, espe- cially the median ones, with a few transversely-elongated or rounded tubercles; similar rounded tubercles are also found on the much depressed
1) De Man says, that the fore margin of these outer lobes is transversely grooved, but more continuously so at the right lobe; in the © this transverse furrow is equally developed at both lobes,
176 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
hepatic regions, where such tubercles are placed in groups on symmetrical verrucosities, but otherwise, except for the usual oblique lines on the bran- chial regions, the carapace shows only numerous small pits, tending to form transverse lines on the mesogastrie and cardiac regions and oblique ones on the branchial areas.
In the © the breadth of the front is exactly three-fifths of the dis- tance between the external orbital angles, but seems to be somewhat less wide in the 9 (about 57°/, of the said distance); the front itself is low, vertically deflexed, but whereas in the © the free margin of the front is visible, if the carapace is looked at from above, it is nearly wholly concealed behind the postfrontal lobes in the case of the Q. This an- terior margin has a very broad but shallow median emargination, the lateral parts have a somewhat oblique, not exactly transverse course and are continued into the rounded corners of the front; the lateral margins of the latter are not exactly parallel, but, as de Man remarked, they are somewhat converging downwards.
The lateral margins of the carapace are somewhat diverging distally, so that the greatest breadth is lying above the base of the second pair of ambulatory legs. The outer orbital angles are sharp, directed forward, with convex lateral margins, that are nearly parallel to each other; the epibranchial teeth reach very slightly farther outward than the external orbital angles; they are separated from the latter by a distinct incision, and the anterior and lateral margins form a right angle with each other, the tip of which is rounded; the lateral margin of this tooth is as long as that of the external orbital angle, perfectly straight and somewhat diverging with that of the other side. In the © there is still a trace of a second epibranchial tooth, but I have seen nothing of this kind in the Q. The posterior margin of the carapace is in the 9 exactly as broad as the front, in the © it is somewhat narrower. As to the oblique lines on the branchial regions there seems to be no difference between the sexes.
The chelipeds of the Q, except that they are of much inferior size than those of the ©, and all characters are, as usual, much less pro- nounced, show essentially the same features: there is a rectangular sub- distal tooth at the upper margin of the arm, the inner border of the arm is somewhat expanded in its distal part and feebly dentate. The wrist has rather few rounded tubercles, no granulated transverse lines as in the o, and the inner angle is produced at both sides into an acute depressed tooth. The outer surface of the palm has a small number of somewhat pointed tubercles, most distinct near the upper and the inferior border; near the upper border they are arranged,in three longitudinal lines, those near the inferior border are continued up to the tip of the
*'s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NAT UURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — sia
immobile finger, but diminish gradually in size; in the middle of the outer surface the tubercles are more depressed, irregularly placed, but not confluent, as in the case of the ©.
The upper border of the palm is marked by some longitudinal short rows of granules; the inner surface of palm and of both fingers is enti- rely smooth; the upper border of the mobile finger has a few irregularly placed denticles near the base, the outer surface of the fingers is minu- tely pitted, with longitudinal depression near the base, especially in the case of the immovable finger.
The ambulatory legs are very short and thick; the meropodites being only about twice as long as broad, with crenulate fore margins and a sharp subdistal tooth; the dactyli are long and pointed, slightly longer than the preceding joints. The outer border of carpo- and propodites are beset with a short and dense fur; the dactyli have isolated fascicles of hairs, and similar tufts are found at the inner border of the propodites and on the flattened upper surface of carpo- and propodites.
Dimensions:
Distance between external orbital angles . . . . 19.75 mm. Me epibranchial: teeth (02 sy ch 20.201, Grestest breadthmofacamapacemwsn oss cua eee abe Posterior. margin, ss ag. dae i heer Chae ane PP eo US Ons [Bread lmotenirontiy 2) Mime oe, att eae Me acl ul ey atl Dope (oa pene ieolecanapac eta gr: cia eco. iment eeteueret tennis Nn, Length of meropodite ae HZ00 ae Breadth of : of soni pair a Is 6:2) ian Length of dactylus eames
77. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) moeschit de Man.
1888. Sesarma intermedia de Man (nec de Haan). Journ. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22 p. 182 — Mergui Archipelago. 1892. Sesarma moeschii de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost- Indien, Bd. 2 p. 331, pl. 20 f. 14 — Deli. 1900. Sesarma intermedium Alcock. Journ. As. Soe. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p- 416 — Mergui Archipelago. Specimens in the Museum: 1 6, Bay of Gorontalo (Celebes).
‘78. Sesarma (Parasesarma) moluccensis de Man.
1892. Sesarma melissa var. moluccensis de Man. Weber's zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-Indien, Bd. 2 p. 328 — Flores.
178 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
1895—98. Sesarma (Parasesarma) moluccensis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 202, Bd. 10, pl. 31 f. 36 — description of same spe- cimens.
78a. Sesarma (Parasesarma) moluccensis jamelensis Rathbun.
1914. Sesarma (Parasesarma) moluccense jamelense Rathbun. Proc. U. 5. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p. 81 — Luzon (Philippines).
79. Sesarma (Parasesarma) murrayt Calman.
1909. Sesarma murrayi Calman. Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1909, p. 708, pl. 72 f. 4—5 — Christmas Island.
80. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) nannophyes de Man.
1895—98. Sesarma (Episesarma) nannophyes de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 174, Bd. 10, pl. 30 f. 32 — Atjeh.
81. Sesarma (Holometopus) neglecta de Man.
1887. Sesarma neglecta de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 643 and 661 — Shanghay.
82. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) nodulifera de Man.
1892. Sesarma (Geosesarma) nodulifera de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-Indien, Bd. 2 p. 342, pl. 20 f. 16 — Buitenzorg (Java).
1894. Sesarma nodulifera Ortmann. Denkschr. med.-naturwiss. Gesellsch. Jena, Bd. 8 p. 56 — Buitenzorg.
1899. Sesarma (Geosesarma) nodulifera Nobili. Ann, mus. ciy. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 512 — Buitenzorg and Tjibodas (Java).
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) nodulifera de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Ge- sellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 519 — Buitenzorg.
1910. Sesarma (Sesarma) noduliferwm Rathbun. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 52 p. 309 — Buitenzorg.
Specimens in the Museum:
2 9, locality unknown.
82a. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) nodulifera conferta Ortmann.
1892. Sesarma (Geosesarma) sp. de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-Indien, Bd. 2 p. 345.— Tjibanas and Tjibodas (Java).
1894. Sesarma nodulifera var. conferta Ortmann. Denkschr. med.-natur- wiss. Gesellsch. Jena, Bd. 8 p. 56 — Tjibodas.
’s RITKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN.
179
As de Man already observed, this subspecies is distinguished by the number and the disposition of the tubercles on the upper border of the movable finger, as these tubercles are more numerous and more crowded than in typical specimens.
83. Sesarma (Holometopus) obesa Dana.
1851. Sesarma obesum Dana. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1851, p. 250 — Balabac Strait (N. Borneo).
1852. Sesarma obesum Dana. U. 8. Expl. Exp., Crust., p. 356, pl. 22 f. 10 — same locality.
1887. Sesarma obesa de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 645 —- no new locality.
84. Sesarma (Holometopus) obtusifrons Dana.
1851. Sesarma obtusifrons Dana. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1851, p- 250 — Sandwich Isles.
1852. Sesarma obtusifrons Dana. U. 8. Expl. Exp., Crust., p. 355, pl. 22 f. 9 — same locality.
1887. Sesarma obtusifrons de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 644 — no new locality.
1895—98. Sesarma (Sesarma) obtusifrons de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 161, Bd. 10, pl. 29 f. 31 — Atjeh.
1907. Sesarma (Holometopus) obtusifrons Rathbun. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 35 n°. 2 p. 35 — Niue.
85. Sesarma (Holometopus) occidentalis Smith.
1870. Sesarma occidentalis Smith. Transact. Connecticut Ac., v. 2 p. 158 — Acajutla (west coast of Central America).
1897. Sesarma (Holometopus) occidentalis Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 11 p. 90 — no locality.
1901. Sesarma (Holometopus) occidentalis Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 16 n°. 415 p. 42 — Tumaco.
86. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) ocypoda Nobili.
1899. Sesarma ocypoda Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 513 — Benkoelen (Sumatra).
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) ocypoda de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 525, pl. 19 f. 10 — description of type-specimens.
86a. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) ocypoda gracillima de Man.
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) ocypoda var. gracillima de Man, Abhandl. Senc- kenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 522, pl. 19 f. 9 — Baram River (Borneo).
180 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL IIT.
Specimens in the Museum: 3 o', 29, Natoena Islands, A. L. v. Hasselt coll. PL Avail Hie. ‘1.
These specimens, which I had provisionally referred to Ses. ocypoda Nobili, were sent by me to Dr. de Man, who informed me that they indeed belonged to the subspecies gracillima. The following are the prin- cipal points of difference from Ses. sylvicola de Man:
1°. The front is somewhat broader in Ses. sylvicola, the outer orbital angle is obtuse and separated from the epibranchial tooth by a rather deep incision, the latter teeth are likewise obtuse and the distance between them is equal to that between the outer orbital angles; in Ses. ocypoda gracillima the front is narrower; outer orbital angles are more pointed and reach farther outward than the obtuse epibranchial teeth, that are separated off anteriorly by a narrow and small incision. In both species there is a trace of a second epibranchial tooth and the lateral borders of the carapace are diverging distally.
2°. The surface of the carapace is more granulated and the regions are much better marked in Ses. ocypoda gracillima than in Ses. sylvicola.
3°. In the abdomen of the co’ the last segment is as long as broad (at the posterior margin) in Ses. ocypoda gracillima, in Ses. sylvicola it is much broader than long; in the former species the posterior margin of the penultimate segment is twice the length of this segment, in the latter species, however, nearly three times this length.
4°. The upper border of the mobile finger has a longitudinal row of 10—11 tubercles, placed at regular intervals and extending to near the tip, in Ses. ocypoda gracillima; the first (proximal) 4—5 of them are cone-shaped and their axis is disposed perpendicularly to the long axis of the finger, the following tubercles are directed more obliquely forward, with their tip turned towards the end of the finger; besides, outside of this row of tubercles, there is a smooth longitudinal keel, running in the distal half of the finger. In Ses. sylvicola the longi- tudinal row consists of only 6—7 acute tubercles, all turned forward, towards the tip of the finger, and the longitudinal keel in the distal half of the finger is more feebly developed. ‘
The typical Ses. ocypoda is distinguished from the subspecies by a comparatively higher palm of the cheliped, by more numerous tubercles (14) at the upper border of the movable finger, all of them turned for- ward, by a shorter horny margin at the tip of both fingers (in the sub- species gracillima this horny margin occupies a third of the whole length
181
of the finger), by somewhat shorter walking legs, by shallower and nar- rower furrows separating the postfrontal lobes and by a narrower emar- gination of the free margin of the front.
All these points of difference, summed up by de Man, could be con- firmed by me, but, as my specimens happened to be considerably larger than those of de Man, I have been able to add some more particulars. Unfortunately, none of the 92 were carrying eggs, so that it has been impossible to make out, whether the subspecies gracillima should be re- ferred to Geosesarma, the subgenus to which Ses. sylvicola belongs but which is not maintained by Dr. de Man, on account of its large and few ovae of the ovigerous Q.
According to de Man, the lobes at either side of the median emar- gination of the front show, immediately at the margin, three small tu- bercles in the 9, and in the © these tubercles are united into a small transverse crest. In my larger specimens, however, I observed (Fig. 1a) that each lobe, that runs from the median emargination obliquely to the rounded corners of the front, is divided by a very slight emargination into two nearly equal parts, and the tips of each part is marked by a small rounded: tubercle, placed very near to the margin, in both sexes, but somewhat more distinct in the ¢. The postfrontal lobes are separated by deep grooves; the median lobes, the breadth of which, as de Man observed, is about twice that of the lateral ones, are perpendicularly de- flexed anteriorly, and the slightly projecting margin of all the lobes is acute, not transversely furrowed. These lobes and the whole protogastrie regions, that are separated off distinctly from the hepatic areas, are clo- sely granulated, which gives these parts of the carapace a rough and uneven appearance. .
As to the chelipeds, de Man says, that the superior and anterior (inner) border of the arm is unarmed, but in my specimens the upper border has a small rectangular tooth near the distal end, and the anterior border is, like the posterior (outer) border, coarsely serrulate, not ex- panded in its distal half. The wrist is not produced at the inner angle. Palm shorter than the fingers; the latter are nearly straight along their whole course, not gaping, with smooth and shining outer and inner surfaces. As to the armature of the mobile finger, my specimens agreed with the description of de Man; in the largest o there are 11 tubercles at the right side, and 10 at the left, but the proximal 4—5) of these ‘are not exactly perpendicular to the long axis of the finger, but only more erect than the following tubercles, so that the difference in direction of the tubercles is in my specimens not so conspicuons as depicted by de Man. An important fact is the presence of a transverse row of
Dimensions : 1 e : Distance between external orbital angles . . . . . . 14.25 19.— 12.25mm.
182 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
granules at the inner surface of the palm; this somewhat con- cave row consists of about 10 granules, that form the distal boundary of the granulated portion of the inner surface of the palm. In de Man’s specimens, that were of smaller size, this row is not yet developed, and indeed I have observed it only in the two largest o. The horny margin at the tip of the fingers is much shorter than in de Man’s spe- cimens, occupying only one-fifth of the length of the finger, not one-third. This last feature and the slightly oblique direction of the proximal tuber- cles at the upper border of the mobile finger approach the specimens of the Natoena Islands somewhat to the typical Ses. ocypoda, which occurs in Benkoelen (Sumatra); de Man’s specimens of the subspecies have been caught in tbe Baram River (Borneo).
i epibranchial teeth <4) es ee AB a eae
” Greatest breadth of carapace... 2°. 4 920. Uh 2, 4. 19895) aa
Posterior margin , , MEN em Ns hea ne Seah es LAU ST CE LAC o vauatn oy 65) dhength vor carapace snarl (Oy Cat ial ees eons (ad amemient Tani eerste eae Breadth of dromtet ele ey umc us ely, Wee TEL Vol Tit > see ta ae ageeieera ee (ee, Posterior margin of last segment Sea ML ba Mie Nid O19) 19 ak h5 JNo h Length of last segment Iz 2— 2—- — Posterior margin of penultimate segment Cea idomens of) 4.75 4.5 aa Length of penultimate segment SS Rd re Nese “Fy Pe La GS ae Length of meropodite wah el Ges ISS UREN ONG AAR MEU aaah Nt An Bese Breadth of 3 3.— 3— 3.—
Length of carpo- and propodite
”
of penultimate pair of legs LOH IMAOS. eo ee
6.25 9.15 6.—
» dactylus
87. Sesarma (Chiromantes) onychophora de Man.
1888. Sesarma livida de Man (nec A. Milne-Edwards). Journ. Linn. Soe. London, y. 22 p. 179 — Mergui Archipelago.
1895—98. Sesarma (Perisesarma) onychophora de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd.9"p.214) Bd. a0, pli £39 Penang, Atjeh and Pontianak.
1900. Sesarma onychophora. Lanchester. Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1900 p- 757 — Singapore. ’
’
Specimens in the Museum:
1 o, 1 Q, Penang (co-types of de Man). 1 Q juv., Sumatra.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 185
88. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) ophioderma Nobili.
1901. Sesarma (Sesarma) ophioderma Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 16 n°, 415 p. 44 —. Esmeraldas (Ecuador).
89
Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) palawanensis Rathbun.
1914. Sesarma (Sesarma) palawanense Rathbun. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p. 72 — Palawan Island (Philippines).
~ Specimens in the Museum: 1 9, New Guinea, Macklot coll. eke Bigs 2:
Among the dried Crustacea of the Museum I found a very old spe- cimen, collected by Macklot in New Guinea, which seems to be most likely referable to the species recently described by Miss Rathbun, though the determination must remain uncertain, as no figure has been as yet published.
This species belongs to the same natural group as Ses. tetragona Fabricius, Ses. taeniolata White and Ses. lafondi Hombron et Jacquinot. The carapace is much flattened, shining and smooth, though the postfrontal lobes, the mesogastric and the posterior cardiac region are well marked off. The whole surface is covered with numerous greyish- white spots, surrounded by a brown ring, which spots during life pro- bably marked the insertion of tufts of hair; they are largest on the proto- and mesogastric region.
From Ses. taeniolata, to which the present species, as Miss Rathbun remarked, is most nearly allied, it is distinguished 7a. by having a narrower (longer) carapace and by the breadth of the front being less than half the distance between the external orbital angles (in Ses. ftue- niolata it is constantly more than half this distance). If we take the distance between the external orbital angles = 100, than the length of the carapace in the median line is in Rathbun’s specimen = 94.7, the breadth of the front — 48.6; and in the specimen of the Museum these proportions are respectively 93.2 and 48.5.
In 5 specimens of Ses. taeniolata of different size the length of the carapace in °/. of the distance between external orbital angles is respec- tively: 93.0, 87.6, 88.1, 90.6 and 91.0; save in the first instance this proportion is thus always distinctly less than in Ses. palawanensis, and in the only exception the proportion is about equal to that of the Museum specimen of Rathbun’s species. The breadth of the front is in Ses. twentolata
13 (28—V1I—1917).
184 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL ITI. always more than half the distance between the external orbital angles (in the 5 specimens measured this breadth is respectively 51.6, 52.4, 51.2, 52.5 and 53.2°/, of the said distance).
The postfrontal lobes are well marked, rounded at the anterior mar- gin, the median lobes separated from each other by a deep and broad furrow, and separated from the outer ones by a much narrower and shorter furrow; the latter lobes are only */, as broad as the median ones and bear a distinct posterior lobe. Owing to the comparative narrowness of the front the orbits seem to be larger than in Ses. taeniolata. The lateral margins of the front are somewhat concave, the fore margin has a deep and broad median sinus, of exactly the same appearance as in Ses. taeniolata, and the two lateral lobes, laterally separated off from the anterior edges of the front by a slight but distinct excavation, are also alike in both species.
The upper orbital border is oblique, ending in an acute external angle with convex lateral margin; this orbital angle is separated by a deep incision from the subrectangular but acuminate epibranchial tooth, the lateral margin of which is about as long as that of the external orbital angle, but perfectly straight and converging with that of the other side; from the base of the epibranchial teeth the lateral margins of the cara- pace converge distally. In Ses. taeniolata the external orbital angle is perfectly equally shaped to that of Ses. palawanensis, but the incision between this angle and the epibranchial tooth is somewhat broader, and the epibranchial tooth itself is acute, not subrectangular, with the tip much curved upward, and there is a very small second epibranchial tooth which is not found in Ses. palawanensis.
The chelipeds are in my single specimen (Q) wholly equal to each other; arm and wrist are similar to those of Ses. taeniolata, with a large, acute and curved tooth at the subdistal end of the superior border of the arm, and a dentate inner angle of the wrist, the upper surface of which seems somewhat less rugose and furnished with fewer granules in Ses. palawanensis than in White's species.
The palm is (in the Q) shorter than the fingers; the outer surface is covered with granules, which are largest and most depressed towards the superior border, tending to form an obliquely longitudinal row of 3—4 granules in the middle of the outer surface, and becoming more crowded and sharper towards the under border; they do not extend on to the under border of the immobile finger. Near the upper border of the palm there is a continuous row of small granules, which, as has been observed also by Miss Rathbun, runs along the whole superior border, from the articulation with the wrist to the somewhat
’s RIKS MU SEUM V AN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — — ~ LEIDEN. 185
projecting distal end of the border. At the inner side of this row some subparallel short rows of granules run forward in an_ obliquely-longitu- dinal direction. In Ses. taeniolata there is also a continuous Peni ae row near the upper border of the palm, but this row is composed o numerous teeth, placed closely together, so that the whole is comb- ie pectinated and a the same structure as the crests which characterize the subgenera Parasesarma and Chiromantes. The inner surface of the palm in Ses. palawanensis shows some rather sharp granules, continued partly on to the inner surface of the immobile finger; parallel with the base of the movable finger there is a straight, continuous row of 6—7 gra- nules, which however do not form a projecting crest. The same trans- verse row occurs in the Q of Ses. taeniolata, but in the of this species there is a very marked, much projecting crest at the inner surface of the palm, which crest is somewhat excavated anteriorly and denticulate along its free margin. The fingers of Ses. palawanensis are narrowly gaping; the movable finger is slightly curved, and inner and outer sur- face are, like those of the immobile finger, perfectly smooth and shining, with a few small pits. The back is milled transversely (f. 2a) by numerous small grooves, the elevations, separated by these grooves, are horny-coloured and very much resemble those of Ses. taeniolata, but they are comparatively much smaller, fewer in number (I counted about 34 transverse tubercles in my specimen of Ses. palawanensis, whereas Miss Rathbun observed about 25 of them; in Ses. taeniolata, however, these tubercles number more than 40) and they are only developed on the proximal two-thirds of the finger, leaving the distal third free; in Ses. taeniolata the whole upper border of the finger is milled up to the tip, in the Q as well as in the ©.
The walking legs, with their very broad meropodites, are similar to those of Ses. taeniolata, the hairy covering of the propodites and the dactyli is also the same ').
Dimensions of the single specimen (9):
Distance between external orbital angles. . . . . . . . 33.— mm. 5 4 epibranchial teeth < .°9. 9... Sra Aly aera fy (a) ak Breadth of carapace above base of second pair of Salstie legs 29.— , encthy oie carapace tnmeuser Noman Bilics te. * - Seager OO. COU. OSteriOusmargin Ol iCana pace wvemecne? fet ts = | 2) ay kare h en ee ISTREORIO OCB ERO le, Aye EU nWicc | ict SACRO con uct 8 \prsugl lo —
1) In the specimen here figured the last leg on the right side seems to be regenerated, as it is more slender in its mero-, carpo- and propodite than that of the left side.
186
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
Horizontal ‘length of spalmzh Pa9e pd cnt ieo U.) 9-Wh aati astenes fede amet
feichit Of alm.’ 6: \/s, a} PON aVAMeMe ie Oi eA igs 0. Sais amensete en gee ree eneth ‘of ampbile: finger tbat er aot: (ells kee teem arent 5
s “ SimimObile fine ered salir aie eeke.s has ects ay uae wks ae 2c) niet Length of meropodite 7 Ae Breadth of i | 13.— , Length of earpo- + propodite ) of penultimate pair of legs . 26.5, Breadth of propodite 6.— ,
a , dactylus | 10753
1914.
1903.
1835.
1843. 1853.
1858.
1869.
1880.
1887.
1888.
90. Sesarma (Parasesarma) pangauranensis Rathbun.
Sesarma (Parasesarma) pangauranense Rathbun. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p. 81 — Busuanga Island (Philippines).
91. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) pentagona Hutton.
Sesarma pentagona Wutton. Transact. New Zealand Inst., 1875, p. 279 — New Zealand.
Sesarma pentagona de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 650 — no new locality.
92. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) peraccae Nobili. Sesarma (Sesarma) peraccae Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 18 n°. 455 p. 36 — Singapore.
93. Sesarma (Parasesarma) picta (de Haan).
Grapsus (Pachysoma) pictus de Haan. Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 61 and 66, pl. 16 f. 6 — Japan.
Sesarma picta? Krauss. Stidafrik. Crust., p. 45 — Bay of Natal. Sesarma picta H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 184 — Japan.
Sesarma picta Stimpson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1858, p- 106 — Ousima.
Sesarma picta? Hilgendorf. v. d: Decken’s Reisen in Qst-Afrika, Bd. 3.1., Crust., p. 90 — Larantuka.
Sesarma picta de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 2 p. 22 — no new locality. Sesarma picta de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 657 — no
new locality. Sesarma picta? de Man. Journ. Linn. Soe. London, vy. 22 p. 171 — Sullivan Island (Mergui Archipelago).
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. |
\| CO a]
1893. Sesarma picta Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 626 — Hong- kong and Amoy.
1894. Sesarma picta Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 725 — Loo- Choo Isles and Ousima.
1895. Sesarma (Parasesarma) picta de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 183 — description of type-specimens.
1900. Sesarma pictum? Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vy. 69 prt. 2 p.
414 — Mergui Archipelago.
1907. Sesarma picta Stimpson. Smithson. Inst. Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p. 135 — Ousima.
1910. Sesarma pictum? Stebbing. 5S. A. Crust., prt. 5 p. 321 — no new locality.
Specimens in the Museum '):
2 6’, 1 9, Japan, Burger coll. (types of de Haan).
All the records of this species from other localities than Japan or China seem to be uncertain: Ortmann and de Man (1895) have expressed their doubt about the record of Krauss, and de Man himself (1895) ap- pears inclined to reject his own determination of 1888, based on a single young Q. As it is this very specimen Alcock appears to have examined, and as, besides, Hilgendorf unites Ses. picta and Ses. affinis de Haan with Ses. quadrata Fabricius (= Ses. plicata Latreille), there is every reason to believe, that the present species is confined to the shores of Japan and China and does not live in the Indian Ocean ”).
94. Sesarma (Parasesarma) plicata Latreille.
1798. Cancer quadratus Fabricius. Suppl. Entom. Syst., p. 341 — E. India. nec Cancer quadratus Meuschen 1778 (indeterminable species 3 of Sesarma? from America). nec Cancer quadratus Fabricius 1787 Mant. Insect. y. 1 p. 315 (== Ocypoda sp.).
1) De Man (1888, p. 172) records a specimen of the Leiden Museum from Macassar, but in the collection it is referred truly to -Ses. guadrata (= Ses. plicata).
2) De Man (1888, p. 169) after examining a typical specimen (young @) of A. Milne- Edwards of ,,Ses. quadrata” declares this to be at any rate different from the genuine species of Fabricius, by its carapace ,,being almost exactly quadrate”. Does, then, this specimen belong to the same species, recorded by the authors here named from the Indian Ocean, and referred to Ses, picta, but probably representing a new form, closely related to the Japanese species?
3). Cited after Rathbun (1907). According to Carus’ aud Engelmann’s Bibliotheca historico- naturalis F. C. Meuschen published an .Index Musei Gronoviani” in the year 1778. In the 18th edition of Linne‘s Syst. nat. (1789), t. 1 prt. 5 p. 2966, Gmelin mentions 2 Cancer qua- dratus and cites Fabricius’ Mant. Insect. v. 1 p. 315 (from this we conclude that a species of Ocypode is meant); besides, Jamaica is given as the habitat of the species,
188
1802. 1806. 1635: VEST.
1843. 1853.
1865. 1865.
1868.
1873.
1878.
1879.
1882.
1886.
1887.
1887.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL II].
Ocypoda plicata? Bose. Hist. nat. Crust., t. 1 p. 198 — locality ? ') Ocypode plicata Latreille. Hist. nat. Crust., t. 6 p. 47 — KE. India. Grapsus (Pachysoma) affinis de Haan. Fauna Japonica, Crust., p. 66, pl. 18 f. 5 — Japan.
Sesarma quadrata H. Milne-Edwards. Hist. nat. Crust., t. 2. p. 75 — Pondichéry.
Sesarma affinis Krauss. Siidafrik. Crust., p. 45 — Natal. Sesarma quadrata H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., ‘(3) t. 20 p. 183 — Pondichéry-
Sesarma affinis H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 183 — Japanese and Chinese seas.
Sesarma ungulata H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 184 — Celebes.
Sesarma affinis Heller. Crust. Reise , Novara”, p. 62 — Shanghai. Sesarma aspera Heller. Crust. Reise ,Novara”, p. 63, pl. 6 f. 1 —- Nicobars, Ceylon and Madras.
Sesarma ungulata A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 4 p. 71 — Zanzibar.
Sesarma quadrata A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 9 p. 302 — New Caledonia.
Sesarma quadrata Hilgendorf. Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p. 809 —- Ibo (E. Africa).
Sesarma quadratum Miers. Philos. Transact., vy. 168 p. 490 — Rodriguez.
Sesarma affinis Miers. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) v. 5 p. 312 — locality unknown.
Sesarma affinis de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 2 p. 22 — no new locality.
Sesarma quadrata Richters. Moebius’ Beitr. Meeresfaun. Mauritius, Decap., p. 157 — Mauritius.
Sesarma quadrata Lenz et Richters. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch. Bd. 12 p. 425 — Madagascar:
Sesarma aspera Miiller. Verhandl. naturforsch. Gesellsch. Basel, 1886, p. 476 — Trincomali.
Sesarma quadrata de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 655 and 683, pl. 17 f. 2 — description of type-specimen of Fabricius. Sesarma aspera de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 656 — no new locality.
1) Not seen by the present writer.
’s RIIKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 189
Sesarma aspera de Man. Journ. Linn. Soe. London, y. 22 p. 169 — Mergui Archipelago and Madras.
Sesarma quadrata de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 484 — Madagascar.
Sesarma quadrata de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 12 p. 99 — Padang, Bezoeki (Java), Macassar, Japan (typ. «ffinis).
Sesarma quadrata Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden, Bd. 3, 1890/91, p- 37 — Aru Islands.
Sesarma quadrata de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost- Indien, Bd. 2 p. 328 — Macassar.
Sesarma quadrata Henderson. Transact. Linn. Soc. London, (2) vy.
5 p. 392 — British India.
Sesarma quadrata var. affinis Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p- 724 — Bay of Tokio (Japan).
Sesarma (Parasesarma) quadrata de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 182 — Atjeh.
Sesarma (Parasesarma) quadrata Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 514 — Siboga (Sumatra).
Sesarma quadratum Aleock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vy. 69 prt. 2 p- 413 — British India, Ceylon, Andamans, Nicobars.
Sesarma quadrata Lanchester. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 756 — Singapore.
Sesarma quadrata Lanchester, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) v. 6 p. 257 — Santubong (Sarawak).
Sesarma (Parasesarma) quadrata Lanchester. Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1901, p. 550 — Trengganu (Malay Peninsula).
Sesarma (Parasesarma) quadrata var. affinis de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 533 — Ternate.
Sesarma quadrata Schenkel. Verhandl. naturforsch. Gesellsch. Basel, Bd: 13 p. 549 — Macassar.
Sesarma quadrata Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 18 n°. 452 p. 22 — Pondichéry.
Sesarma quadratum Borradaile. Transact. Linn. Soc. London, (2) y. 12 p. 64 — Mahé (Seychelles). .
Sesarma (Parasesarma) plicatum Rathbun. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 35 n°. 2 p. 34. — Carolines.
Sesarma (Parasesarma) plicatum Rathbun. K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., 7. Raekke, Afd. 5 n°. 4 p. 329 — Gulf of Siam.
Sesarma (Parasesarma) plicatum Rathbun. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 52 p. 309 — Macassar.
Sesarma quadratum Stebbing. S. A. Crust., prt. 5 p. 321 — South Afr.
190 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
Specimens in the Museum: 1, 19, Japan, Burger coll. (typ. affinis of de Haan) |
1 o, Bezoeki (Java), Semmelink coll. 1865. mentioned 1 (affinis), Padang. bij de Man 1 ©, Macassar, Piller coll. | (1890). 1S (affinis), Japan, v. Siebold.
1, 19, Bay of Batavia, Buitendijk coll. 1906.
De Man, who had occasion to compare typical specimens of Ses. wn- gulata and of Ses. affinis (1888, p. 169) declared them to be identical with Ses. quadrata; he regards Ses. aspera as ,probably a mere local variety of it”. There is in the present species a rather large variability in the number of transverse tubercles on the back of the movable fin- ger: the typical Ses. quadrata has 11—14 tubercles, Ses. aspera even 17 tubercles, whereas there are only 7 in Ses. affinis and 8 in Ses. ungulata (de Man, 1. c. p. 170).
95. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) polita de Man.
1887. Sesarma polita de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 654 Archipelago and western part of Indian Archipelago.
1888. Sesarma polita de Man. Journ. Linn. Soe. London, v. 22 p. 189, pl. 18 f. 7—9 — Sullivan Island (Mergui Arch.).
1900. Sesarma politum Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p- 422 — same locality.
Mergui
Specimens in the Museum: 1 o’, Mergui Arch. (co-type of de Man).
96. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) pontianacensis de Man.
1895—98. Sesarma (Episesarma) pontianacensis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 178, Bd. 10, pl. 30 f. 32 — Pontianak (West-Borneo).
97. Sesarma (Holometopus) recta Randall.
1839. Sesarma recta Randall. Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, vy. 8 p- 123 — Surinam.
1869. Sesarma miillerii A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Bull. p- 29 — Desterro (Brazil).
1897. Sesarma recta Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 10 p. 331, pl. 17 f. 8 — Surinam and Brazil (description of typical specimen of Randall). nec Sesarma miilleri Miers. Brachyura Rep. ,,Challenger’, 1886, p. 270, pl. 21 f. 3 — Bahia (= Ses. rubripes Rathbun).
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 191
1818.
1842. 1850. 1862. 1870. 1897.
1897.
1906.
1853. 1853. 1858. 1862.
1870.
nec Sesarma recta de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 14, 1892,
p. 249, pl. 10 f. 4 — Surinam (= Ses. benedicti Rathbun). Specimens in the Museum: |
4 J, 49, Paramaribo, Jhr. W. C. v. Heurn coll. 1911.
1 6’, Surinam River near Paramaribo, M. D. Horst coll. 1907.
98. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) reticulata Say.
Ocypode (Sesarma) reticulata Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, Var lps. (3 and (06. 442) \(Grapsus reticulatus), pl. 40f. 64)) — New Jersey.
Sesarma cinerea Dekay nec Bose. Crust. N. Y. Fauna, v. 6 p. 15 — Antilles.
Sesarma reticulata Gibbes. Proc. Amer. Ass., v. 3 p. 180 — Key West (Florida), South Carolina and New Jersey.
Sesarma reticulata Stimpson. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York, v. ( p. 66 — locality *)?
Sesarma reticulata Smith. Transact. Connecticut Acad., y. 2 p. 156 — New Haven.
Sesurma (Sesarma) reticulata Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, v. 11 p. 89 — no locality.
Sesarma reticulata Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 10 p. 333 — Dennis Creek and Great Egg Harbour.
99. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) rhizophorae Rathbun.
Sesarma rhizophorae Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, v. 19 p- 99 — Costa Rica.
100. Sesarma (Holometopus) ricordi H. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma ricordi H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 183 — Haiti.
Sesarma guérint H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 183 — locality unknown.
Sesarma miniata de Saussure. Mém. Soc. phys. hist. nat. Geneve, t. 14. 2. p. 442 — St. Thomas.
Sesarma angustipes (part.) Stimpson nec Dana. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York, v. 7 p. 66 — locality *)?
Sesarma angustipes Smith. Transact. Connecticut Acad., y. 2 p. 159 — Aspinwall (Colon) and Florida.
1) F. 5 according to H. Milne-Edwards, Hist. nat. Crust., t. 2, 1837, p. 75, who unites
the species with Ses. cinerea Bosc; I have not seen the paper of Say. 2) Not seen by the present writer.
192 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
1872. Sesarma ricordi vy. Martens. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 38.1. p. 110 — Cuba.
1881. Sesarma stimpsoni Miers. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 70 — Monte Video. ; nec Brachyura Rep. ,Challenger”, 1886, p. 270 (= Ses. miersi Rathbun).
1888. Sesarma cinerea Heilprin nec Bose. Proe. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1888, p. 320 — Bermudas.
1891. Sesarma cinerea Ives. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1891, p. 181 — Port of Silam (Yucatan).
1892. Sesarma angustipes de Man nec Dana. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 14, p. 253, pl. 10 f. 5 — Dominica.
1894. Sesarma ricordi Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 719 — Haiti.
1897. Sesarma (Holometopus) ricordi Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soe. Was-
hington, v. 11 p. 91 — no locality. 1897. Sesarma (Holometopus) ricordi Rathbun. Ann. Inst. Jamaica, v. 1 p- 30 — Jamaica.
1901. Sesarma (Holometopus) ricordi Rathbun. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1900, prt 2 p. 18 — Porto Rico.
Specimens in the Museum:
2 9, Dominica (mentioned by de Man). 1 o&, Laguanta (Venezuela), M. D. Horst coll. 1907.
De Man, who perfectly recognized that his specimens were identical with Ses. ricordi, with the type-specimen of which he could compare them, nevertheless described them under the name Ses. angustipes, con- vinced that the species of Dana was identical with that of Milne-Edwards. Miss Rathbun, who had oceasion to examine a large number of American specimens of Sesarma, and among these the type specimen of Ses. ricordi, declared this and Dana’s species to be distinct (see Proe. Biol. Soc., v. 11, 1897, p. 90—91). Under the head of Ses. cinerea (Bosc) I have al- ready referred to the great confusion existing between the three species here named, and continued until Miss Rathbun cleared the matter. All three species, together with the closely related Ses. roberti H. Milne- Edwards and Ses. reticulata Say seem to be common along the east coast of the United States and on the numerous West-Indian islands, but only Ses. reticulata extends as far north as New Jersey and New Haven.
100a. Sesarma (Holometopus) ricordi terrestris Vervill.
1908. Sesarma ricordi var. terrestris Verrill. Amer. Journ. Se., v. 25 p. 119 — Bermudas.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — 193
Sesarma ricordi var. terrestris Verrill. Transact. Connecticut Ac., v. 13 p. 328 — same locality.
101. Sesarma (Holometopus) roberti Hl. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma reticulata? Me Leay in Smith’s Ill. Zool. 5. Afr., p. 65 — South Africa.
Sesarma roberti H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 182 — Goree (Senegal).
Sesarma americana Pocock nec de Saussure. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) v. 3 p. 7 — Dominica.
Sesarma bromeliarum Rathbun. Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v. 19 p. 143 — Haiti and Jamaica.
Sesarma (Holometopus) roberti Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Was-
hington, v. 11 p. 90 — no loeality.
Sesarma (Holometopus) roberti Rathbun. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 22 p. 279 — enumeration of West-African and West-Indian localities.
Specimens in the Museum: 1 6, 2 9, Haiti, M. D. Horst coll. 1907.
102. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) rotundata Hess.
Sesarma rotundata Hess. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 31.1 p. 149,
pl. 6 £. 9 — Sydney.
Sesarma dentifrons A. Milne-Edwards. Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 31 — Samoah Islands.
Sesarma rotundata Miers. Proce. Zool. Soe. London, 1877, p. 133 and 136 — Duke-of-York Island, Fyi Islands.
Sesarma rotundata Haswell. Cat. Austral. Crust., p. 108 — Sydney. Sesarma dentifrons de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 651 — no new locality.
Sesarma rotundata de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 654 and 682 — no new locality (description of type-specimen of Hess). Sesarma oceanica de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 429, pl. 10 f. 9 — Ponapé.
Sesarma oceanica de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 13 p. 52 — Tjibodas (Java).
Sesarma dentifrons de Man. Mitt. naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, Bd. 13 p. 110, pl. 3 f. 6 — description of typical specimen. Sesarma rotundata de Man. Mitt. naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, Bd. 13 p. 110, pl. 3 f. 7 — description of typical specimen.
1899. Sesarma (Episesarma) rotundata var. papuo-malesiaca Nobili, Ann.
mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 268 — New Guinea.
1899. Sesarma (Sesarma) rotundata var. papuo-malesiaca Nobili, Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 510 — Nias.
1900. Sesarma gardinert Borradaile. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 593, pl. 42 f. 8 — Funafuti and Rotuma.
1900. Sesarma oceanicum Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vy. 69 prt 2 p: 423 — Nicobars.
1905. Sesarma (Sesarma) gardineri Nobili. Ann. Mus. Hung., t. 3 p. 497 — Berlinhafen (German New Guinea).
1906. Sarmatium faront Rathbun. Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1903, v. 23 prt 3, p. 841 pl. 7 f. 1 — Oahu and Marshall Islands.
1907. Sesarma (Sesarma) rotundatum Rathbun. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 35 n°. 2 p. 38 — Marshall Islands.
Specimens in the Museum: 1 o (juv.), Tjibodas (Java), Dr. Boerlage coll. 1888 (Ses. oceanica, examined by de Man 1891). 1 o& (juv.), Nias, E. E. W. Schroder coll. 1908.
Milne-Edwards founded his Ses. dentifrons on a 9, Hess his Ses. rotundata on a co. De Man (1896) examined the typical specimens of both these species and came to the conclusion, that they probably be- longed to one and the same species; the following difference, however, were observed:
1°. The carapace is in Ses. rotundata slightly more narrowed anteriorly than in Ses. dentifrons, as the distance between the external orbital angles, compared with the length of the carapace, is somewhat greater in the latter form. 2°. The posterior margin of the carapace is somewhat broader in Ses. dentifrons. 3°. The height of the front is 3 times the breadth in Ses. rotundata, somewhat less in Ses. dentifrons. 4°. The tubercles at upper surface of wrist of chelipeds are better pro- nounced in Ses. dentifrons, especially at anterior and outer border. . The tubercles at outer surface of palm are more acute, cone-shaped in Ses. dentifrons. 6°. The hairy covering at the posterior margin of propodites and of dac- tyli of the ambulatory legs is much better developed in Ses. rotundata ; in Ses. dentifrons these hairs are’ reduced to isolated brushes of short hairs.
’s RITKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN.
195
7°. The carapace is, like the ambulatory legs, reddish-yellow in Ses. dentifrons.
I have examined 4 adult specimens of Ses. rotundata, which were caught during the ,,Siboga’’-expedition to the East-Indian Archipelago, 2 co and 2 Q, and the study of these specimens has fully convinced me of the correctness of de Man’s views regarding the minute differences here enumerated: these may be ascribed to sexual differences. In nearly all respects my o of Ses. rotundata agree with the typical specimen of Hess, and the 9 with Ses. dentifrons; the only restriction being that the minute dentiform processes, mentioned by de Man and figured by him, both in the case of the © and of the Q, at the free margin of the front are in my specimens only developed in the o’ and even here very inconspicu- ously; besides there are at either side of the distinct, though narrow, median sinus (according to de Man this emargination is, however, broad and shallow) a group of three rounded tubercles, disposed in a single row, the two outer ones corresponding to the inner dentiform projections, spoken of, but lying immediately above these projections, on the surface of the front, not at the free border; these tubercles are only distinct, however, in the <.
Finally, though the preservation in alcohol during 17 years has much discoloured my specimens, it is still to be observed, that the carapace in the 9 has a darker hue than that of the co’, and, besides, the difference in hairiness of the propodites and the dactyli of the ambulatory legs between both sexes, exactly agree with the finds of de Man in this respect.
Though I do not hesitate in regarding Ses. dentifrons only as the 9 of Ses. rotundata, | am inclined to regard the subspecies papuo-malesiaca of Nobili (Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 268, 1899) as an individual variation. Nobili distinguished his subspecies by the following characters :
1°. Inside the denticulated crest along the upper border of the palm, there are two small similar and subparallel crests, forming an angle with the large and continuous crest along the upper border. Nobili admitted, that these small crests may also exist in the type-specimens of de Man, though they were not mentioned by the latter author.
2°, The front is distinctly emarginated by a median sinus; according to de Man there is only a broad and shallow emargination.
3°. The greatest breadth of the carapace exceeds the length in the median line; in the typical specimens (de Man) these dimensions are nearly equal.
4°. The dimensions taken by Nobili (l.c. p. 510) indicate, that the pos-
196 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
terior rrargin of the carapace is equal to the breadth of the front (at least in the co’); in de Man’s specimens the posterior margin is broader, especially in the Q.
As regards 1° en 2° the 4 adult specimens of the ,,Siboga’’-expedition and the not yet full-grown Museum specimen (¢') of Nias (the very loca- lity whence one of Nobili’s examples originated) fully agree with the subspecies, but the greatest breadth of the carapace only very slightly exceeds its length; only in the case of the adult QO the proportion is the same as in Nobili’s subspecies. As to the fourth point of difference here named, 3 specimens show, that the breadth of the front is nearly wholly as long as the posterior margin of the carapace; only the adult © has the posterior margin distinctly longer, but it is this very character de Man (1896) points out as existing between Ses. rotundata (= ©’) and Ses. dentifrons (=), and it must be regarded as a sexual difference.
As on a whole my specimens take an intermediate position between the type and Nobili’s subspecies, though they do indeed approach the latter, I am-inclined to drop this subspecies, the characters of which do not appear important enough to maintain its distinctness.
Another question, whether Ses. oceanica de Man is a distinct species, or merely a young stage of Ses. rotundata (which latter supposition has been advanced by de Man himself in 1891), must now be discussed. Besides by its smaller size Ses. oceanica is distinguished by the following characters :
1°. The length of the carapace is less in proportion to the distance be- tween the external orbital angles.
2°. The front is somewhat lower, its height being not yet a third of its breadth.
3°. The lateral borders of the carapace are somewhat less curved.
Now, if we take the distance between the external orbital angles = 100, then the length of the carapace is in different specimens, arranged according to this latter dimension:
114 in & (length of carapace 15.25 mm.). Ses. oceanica de Man 1889.
116 in Q K = . i251. 2 x id 5 2 121 ins Z z ‘i 7 Bs P . Ld SSO}: (Museum sp.) 122 Init a . X 24.5 Bs Ses. rotundata. Museum sp. from Nias. 131 in QO # e ks 32:— 3 cs Nobili, 1899,
p. 269.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 197
135 in J (length of carapace 33.— mm.) Ses. rotundata. Nobili, 1899, p. 269. 123.3% 2 si e c Bsa) oes %, be Siboga sp. BATT. tte tame i ate) se ae s HW ye; BHR ioe es sae Wk hee ‘ ;
Lae AO AN | pee Bi = de Man 1895 (type-
sp. of dentifrons).
‘ot AOL AS ee eae ie ‘ de Man 1895 (type-
sp. of rotundata.
We, then, conclude, that the length of the carapace, in proportion to the distance between the external orbital angles, increases with age and more so in the of than in the Q; it is this latter sexual dif- ference which has been put forth by de Man (1896).
As to the second point of difference, de Man (1896) has already shown, that in Ses. dentifrons (= QQ) the front is lower, in proportion to its breadth, than in Ses. rotundata (= ©) '), and it is natural to sup- pose, that young ©’, such as are referred to Ses. oceanica, show the character, peculiar to the female sex.
That in Ses. oceanica the lateral borders of the carapace are somewhat less arched may, in my opinion, be ascribed to, its being not yet full- erown; indeed, in the Museum specimen from Nias the curvature of the lateral borders is less pronounced than in quite adult specimens, but more so than in the true oceanica-specimen, which is somewhat smaller.
Besides, de Man (1889, p. 430) observed in Ses. oceanica near the free margin of the front four tubercles, corresponding with the four slight emarginations of this margin, at least in the o’, and this very character has been found back by me, in oj and Q of the adult ,Siboga’’-specimens of Ses. rotundata.
Concluding, I cannot admit Ses. oceanica as a distinct species, and | think, that more material, if available, will confirm my surmise.
” ” ”
138).
” ” ”
Dimensions : 1 2 3 4
‘ot < O O
st ) ¢ Y)
Distance between external orbital angles . 29.5 ° 28.5 27.— 20.— mm.
bs “4 second epibranchial teeth 36.— 35.— 32.5 24.— , Greatest breadth of carapace. . . . . 40. 40. 35. 25. ae ee enethNoricarapace... 42 <4. «ive. d¢.—) 30.0) jadeADi 1 A4 > 1. BreadchmOnmsiront. A. epee ies eee eon: Aino) lp. elon s 9:o ae ere htwoty tt Ontivat, same es- Is Msc 420 4.5 ABZ, Qe Breadth of posterior margin of carapace. 12.75 13.— 13.75 9.5,
1) I have found, however, no difference, in this respect, between the two sexes.
198 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
29 = 305 926.5370 20 Seon 8.75 9.— 8.— 6.— ,
Length of meropodite Breadth ,
=
”
of penultimate
Length , propodite 23.— 238.5 21.5 17.— ,
2 3 pair of legs a gee y eae Breadth _, 5 SRY) td. ee ADD. a8 Length ,, dactylus 12: V2 I. 8
N°. 1—3 are specimens of the ,Siboga”-expedition, n°. 4 the Museum specimen from Nias.
103. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) rotundifrons A. Milne-Edwards.
1869. Sesarma rotundifrons A. Milne-Edwards. Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 30 -—— Samoah Islands.
1880. Sesarma rotundifrons? de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 2 p. 24 — Sula Besi and Nossi Bé (Madagascar) ').
1887. Sesarma rotundifrons de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 648 — no new locality.
104. Sesarma (Holometopus) rubripes Rathbun.
1886. Sesarma miillert Miers nec A. Milne-Edwards. Brachyura Rep. »Challenger”’, p. 270, pl. 21 f. 3 — Bahia.
1897. Sesarma (Holometopus) rubripes Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soe. Was- hington, v. 11 p. 90 — no locality.
1903. Sesarma (Holometopus) rubripes Moreira. Arch. Mus. Rio de Janeiro, v. 12 p. 112, pl. 1 — locality ? ?).
105. Sesarma (Holometopus) rupicola Stimpson.
1858. Sesarma rupicola Stimpson. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1858, p- 106 — Ousima (Japan).
1887. Sesarma rupicola de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 644 — no new locality.
1907. Sesarma rupicola Stimpson. Smithson. Inst. Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p. 1385, pl. 17 f. 1—la—b — same locality as in 1858.
106. Sesarma (Chiromantes) semperi Biirger.
1893. Sesarma sempert Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Bd. 7 p. 630, pl. 21 f. 1 — Bohol (Philippines).
1902. Sesarma (Perisesarma) semperi de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Ge- sellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 542 — description of co-type.
1) These specimens seem in later years to have been rightly referred to Ses. meinerti de Man; for it is under this name, that I found them in the collection of the Museum 2) Not seen by the present writer.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 199
1909.
1910.
1853.
1858.
1887.
1907.
107. Sesarma (Chiromantes) siamensis Rathbun.
Sesarma (Chiromantes) siamense Rathbun. Proce. Biol. Soc. Was- hington, v. 22 p. 109 — Gulf of Siam. ;
Sesarma (Chiromantes) siamense Rathbun. K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., 7. Raekke, Afd. 5 n°. 4 p. 328, textfig. 11 — same locality.
108. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) sinensis H. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma sinensis H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat,, (8) t. 20 p. 186 — China.
Sesarma sinensis Stimpson. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1858, p- 105 — Hongkong.
Sesarma sinensis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 648 and
669 — no new locality (description of type-specimen). Sesarma sinensis Stimpson. Smithson. Inst. Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p. 133 — same locality as in 1858.
109. Sesarma-(Sesarma s.s.) smithii H. Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma smithii H. Milne-Edwards. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 7 p. 149, pl. 9 f. 2 — South Africa.
Sesarma smithi H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 187 — Natal.
Sesarma smithii A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 4 p- 71 — Zanzibar.
Sesarma smithii A. Milne-Edwards. Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 9 p- 305 — New Caledonia.
Sesarma smithi Hoffmann. Crust. et Echinod. Madagascar, p. 24 — Nossi Faly.
Sesarma smithi de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 2 p. 29 — Nossi Faly, Tondano and Java.
Sesarma smithi de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 652 — no new locality.
Sesarma smithii de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 426 — Fiji Islands.
Sesarma smithii de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 12 p. 94 — Fiji Islands.
Sesarma smithi Biirger, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 618, pl. 21 f. 2 — Manila.
Sesarma smithi Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 722 — Fiji Tslands.
(6—V1I—1917).
200 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
1899. Sesarma (Episesarma) smithi Nobili. Ann. mus. ciy. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 267 — South New Guinea.
1910. Sesarma (Sesarma) smithi Rathbun. K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., 7. Raekke, Afd. 5 n°. 4 p. 328 — Gulf of Siam.
1913. Sesarma smithii Me Culloch. Rec. Austral. Mus., v. 9 n°. 3 p. 322 — Queensland.
Specimens in the Museum:
1 Q, Nossi Faly, Pollen & v. Dam coll.
1 o, 1 9, Tondano, v. Rosenberg coll. 1866 { mentioned by de Man
1 ©’, Java : 1880 and 1890
1 o, 1 Q, Fyi Islands
1 9, Sumatra.
This easily recognizable species bears a striking resemblance to the genus Sarmatium. It is especially characterized by its abdomen of the o', which is even more narrowed than in Ses. meinerti de Man, as the penultimate segment is distinctly longer than broad (at the posterior margin), a feature which does not occur in any other species of Sesasia.
110. Sesarma (Holometopus) stormi de Man.
1895—98. Sesarma (Sesarma) stormi de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p- 148, Bd. 10 pl. 29 f. 29 — Atjeh. Specimens in the Museum: 1 ©, Atjeh (co-type of de Man).
111. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) sulcata Smith.
1870. Sesarma sulcata Smith. Transact. Connecticut Ac., v. 2 p. 156 — Corinto (Nicaragua).
1892. Sesarma sulcata de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 14 p. 260 — no new locality.
1897. Sesarma (Sesarma) sulcata Rathbun. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, v. 11 p. 90 — no new locality.
112. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) sylvicola de Man.
1892. Sesarma (Geosesarma) sylvicola de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-Indien, Bd. 2 p. 345, pl. 20 f. 18 — Sumatra.
1899. Sesarma (Geosesarma) sylvicola Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 5138 — Padang.
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) sylvicola de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3, p. 522, pl. 19 f. 11 — no new locality.
’s RIJKS. MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — 201
1910.
1835. 1847. 1853. inSaee 1877. 1880. 1880. 1887. 1888. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1899. 1900. 1900.
1910.
Sesarma (Sesarma) sylvicola Rathbun. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 52 p. 309 — Mount Papangdajang (Java).
113..Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) taeniolata White.
Sesarma tetragonus (Fabricius) vel fascicularis (Herbst) de Haan nec Fabricius nec Herbst. Fauna Japon., Crust., p. 61 — no locality. Sesarma taeniolata (White) Gray. List spec. Crust. Coll. Brit. Mus., p- 38 — Philippines.
Sesarma medert H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 185 — Batavia.
Sesarma medert Targioni-Tozzetti. Zool. viag. ,Magenta’”’, Crost., p. 136, pl. 9 f. 1 — locality ? ')
Sesarma taeniolata Miers. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 137 — Philippines.
Sesarma taeniolata de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 2 p. 26 — Java and Celebes.
Sesarma taeniolata Miers. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) v. 5 p. 313 — Borneo.
Sesarma taeniolata de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 647 and 666 — no new locality.
Sesarma taeniolata de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, y. 22 p. 181 — Mergui Archipelago.
Sesarma ee de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost- Indien, Bd. 2 p. 330 — Macassar (Celebes).
Sesarma taeniolata Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 615 — Manila and Bangkok.
Sesarma taeniolata Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 720 — Singapore.
Sesarma (Episesarma) taeniolata de Man. Zool. Jahrb, Syst., Bd. 9 p- 166 — Atjeh, Penang, Pontianak.
Sesarma (Sesarma) taeniolata Nobili. Ann. mus. ciy. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 506 — Singapore and Sarawak.
Sesarma taeniolatum Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p- 419 — Mergui Archipelago, Andamans and pee
Sesarma taeniolata Lanchester. Proc. Zool. Soe. meager 1900, p. 756 — Malacca.
Sesarma (Sesarma) taeniolatum Rathbun. K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 7. Raekke, Afd. 5 n°. 4 p. 327 — Gulf of Siam.
1) Not seen by the present writer.
202 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
Specimens in the Museum:
1 6’, 1 9, Java, Kuhl & v. Hasselt coll.
22 of, 14 9, Java (with label in de Haan’s handwriting ,,Sesarma fascicularis’’).
1 6, north coast of Java, Buitendijk coll. 1905.
3 6, 2 9, Batavia, Buitendiyjk coll. 1906.
2 ', north coast of Java, Buitendijk coll. 1910.
5 o’, 1 Q,: Celebes?
1 o, 1 OQ, Macassar, Piller coll.
1 Q, Philippines, v. d. Valk coll. 1897.
Pl. XVI, Fig. 3.
In discussing Ses. palawanensis Rathbun I have had oceasion to put forth the most important characters of the present species. The upper border of the mobile finger is provided with the well-known milled crest, which runs along the whole finger and ends near the tip of the finger, in both sexes. On close inspection the crest proves to be somewhat elevated above the level of the finger; it is flattened above, horny-coloured, and consists of a regular series of obliquely-transverse tubercles, straightly cut off, but having their anterior outer angle somewhat produced, and separated by narrow, deep grooves'). In this way a longitudinal, brown stripe is formed along the whole upper border of the finger. De Man counted 50—60 of these tubercles on each chela, Nobili about 40, and Birger 65 in the <7, somewhat less in the Q. I have examined 15 specimens, taken at random (11 ©, 4 Q), and found in the © a number, varying from 46 to 62, in the 9 from 42 to 59, of such tubercles.
Further characteristics are the longitudinal, pectinated crest, running at some distance from the upper border of the palm, and composed of obtuse, closely arranged teeth, such as are found in the subgenera Para- sesarma and Chiromantes. The inner surface of the palm is furnished with a transverse row of obtuse granules in the Q, but in the o’, even in halfgrown ones, this transverse row is elevated to a very conspicuous, prominent crest.
That in some specimens the distance between the external orbital angles may exceed that between the epibranchial teeth, whereas in other cases the reverse is found, has been already noticed by de Man (1892).
In examining the large series of specimens at my disposal, I detected a most curious character on the sternum of the present species. The 4th sternite, between the bases of the anterior pair of
1) It is improper to speak, as Alcock does, of ,,fine teeth”.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 203
ambulatory legs and the penultimate segment of the ab- domen, presents two large, oval “tympana”, one at either side of the abdomen, similar to, but much larger than those that are found in the genus Dotilla. This “tympanum” occurs in all the <j examined, though it is generally much more conspicuous in dried spe- cimens, than in those preserved in alcohol, but it is wholly absent in the 9, where the sternites are wholly covered by the very broad, semicircular abdomen, the last segment of which is, as usual, deeply impacted into the preceding. So far as I am aware, none of my prede- cessors have noticed these characteristic “tympana’. Whether they also occur in the closely-allied species, Ses. palawanensis Rathbun, Ses. lafondi Jacquinot et Lucas and Ses. tetragona Fabricius is not known; of the two first named species only Q are still caught.’
113a. Sesarma taeniolata crebrestriata n. subsp. leone) Bien aA.
I have examined some specimens of Ses. taeniolata from Nias, be- longing to the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, that in some respects show a distinct deviation from the type. There are altogether 5 specimens, none apparently adult, 4 co and 1 9, the last one unfortunately without chelipeds. Besides, there is from the same locality a young 9 of Ses. lafondi Jacquinot et Lucas.
The specimens differ in several more or less important features from the genuine Ses. taeniolata. In the first place the back of the mobile finger is much more finely striated transversely, so that there are no less than 85—90 transverse and narrow tuber- cles, the proximal 50—60 of which are extremely crowded, after which they become somewhat broader towards the tip (Pl. XVI, Fig 4). The comb-like crest along the upper border of the palm is present also in the subspecies, but the prominent transverse crest at the inner surface of the palm, so conspicuous even in not yet full-grown © of Ses. tue- niolata, is much less developed in crebrestriata: comparing two specimens of exactly the same size, one belonging to the type, the other to the subspecies, the difference in development of the transverse crest is at once noticed.
The surface of the carapace in the subspecies seemed to me to be much more hairy than in the type; the numerous tufts of black hairs are, as usual, larger on the anterior half of the carapace, but also the branchial regions are beset with numerous small groups, arranged among the sub- parallel, oblique lines that are observed here.
204 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
The free margin of the front is more excavated in the middle, so that the median sinus is narrower and entirely concave in the subspecies, broader and straight in the middle parts in the type (textfig. 5).
The projecting lobes on the front margin are provided each with an oval tubercle, on which nu- merous hairs are inserted, in the subspecies; in the type we observe mostly a group of three similar, but much smaller, tubercles on each lobe, though in other speci-
a.
b. mens these tubercles tend to
fuse into one larger tubercle.
The difference in size between
Fig. 5. the inner and the outer post-
a. sesarma taeniolata crebrestriata Mao: frontal lobes is larger in the b. Ses. taeniolata typ. 4
subspecies, owing to the fact, that the median groove, separating the inner lobes, is much narrower here than in the type. Finally the upper orbital border is nearly wholly straight in the subspecies, but somewhat convex in the type.
The “tympana’’, at either side of the penultimate segment of the abdomen, on the sternum, are likewise present in the subspecies, though they are less distinct.
As I have already remarked, the single Q which I took to represent the 9 of this subspecies, had lost its chelipeds, so that I am unable to say, whether the numerous transverse tubercles on the back of the mo- bile finger are likewise present in the 9. But the fact, that in the same sample a young 9 of Ses. lafondi has been found, which in its carapace and in its ambulatory legs did not show any difference from the 9, presumed to be the O of the present subspecies crebrestriata, has raised in me the belief, that this subspecies indeed belongs to Ses. lafondi and represents the ©, so long sought for, of this species. We are obliged, then, to suppose that the longitudinal keel running along the upper border of the mobile finger in Ses. /afondi, and the granulated row along the upper margin of the palm, are merely sexual characters, and are replaced in the © respectively by a transversely- milled crest, consisting of about 90 transverse tubercles, and by a pec- tinated, not granulated, crest at the palm; further, that the transverse row of granules at the inner surface of the palm is feebly developed in the ©, but entirely absent in the ©.
As to the first supposition, in the young 9 before me, undoubtedly
*s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATU URLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 205
belonging to Ses. lafondi, the longitudinal keel is indeed present on the mobile finger, but on close inspection this keel is transversely striated, so that it is divided into about 25 parts, each of which is about 3 times as long as broad; the keel itself occupies only the proxi- mal half of the finger. Now, in the large Q of Ses. lafondi I have shown (p. 167), that the keel is somewhat longer, but exhibits at its distal end some detached portions, separated by a few transverse striae from the rest. Thus the gradual disappearance of these striae in Ses. lafondi may he ascribed to age, but their presence in the young Q is, in my opinion, a prove as to the specific identity of Ses. lJafondi and the subspecies of Ses. taeniolata here described.
That in the Q a granulated row at the upper border of the palm takes the place of a pectinated crest on the same place in the © is of frequent occurrence in Sesarma, and the same may be said about the presence or absence of a transverse granular row at the inner surface of the palm.
As to the deep and concave median sinus in the free margin of the front, the transverse tubercle on each lobe of the latter ') and the nar- row groove separating the inner postfrontal lobes, in comparing Pl. XV Fig. 1 with the textfigure 5 there is, in my opinion, nothing at variance with the view here expressed. And yet I prefer, in spite of all these points of resemblance, and of the fact, that the co of Ses. lafondi has never been observed, but that, now, this species is caught together with the new: subspecies crebrestriata of Ses. taeniolata, to regard the latter as a distinct subspecies, as long as no larger material is at hand.
The following measurements may serve to elucidate the close rela- tionship of the typical Sesarma taeniolata with the subsp. crebrestriata and with Ses. lafondi.
In order to facilitate the comparison I have chosen specimens of ap- proximately the same size.
Dimensions: . 1 2 3 4 cf Ss S 2 Distance between external orbital angles 30.5 30°-— 29.— 28.5 mm. a epibranchial teeth. . 30.75 29.— 28.5 28.— , eaadth of carapace at hind part. Shy 20:0) = 210.0) Gomme gota) (above base of penultimate pair of legs) Posterlor-marein Of carapace <=.) 12.75 13.5, ta 1o.5- 7,
1) In the young @ of Ses. dafondi (see p. 167) from Deli I have described a flattened and shallow median sinus in the free margin of the front, and the transverse tubercle on each pro- jection is replaced by two large granules, so that in this respect the specimen approaches the typ. Ses, taeniolata.
206 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL
ATT,
Length of carapace in the median’ line. 28.5: © 27:—
sceadth of ‘Hromty 92 ae een Uren OO) elias Posterior margin) of penultimate segment 9.75 11.5 Length of abdomen 5.— 5.— Horizontal length of chela . . . . . 23.— 20.0 Heieht cofgpalims..) . ee ge state em. 5p Ono) to Lines Length of meropodite —') 24.— Breadth , 4 of penult- — 11.— Length of carpo- + propodite )imate pair — 26.5 Breadth of propodite of legs = — 5.0 Length of dactylus E — be)
N°. 1: typ. Ses. taeniolata, n°. 2 and 3 subsp. erebrestriata, n°. 4 Ses. lafondi. We may observe that in the, subspecies the abdomen is
much broader than in the typ. Ses. taendolata.
26.75 15.25 11.5 5.— 19.75 10.5 23.25 12.— 25.5 5.15 12.—
114. Sesarma (Holometopus) tampicensis Rathbun.
1914. Sesarma (Holometopus) tampicense Rathbun. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
v. 47 p. 124, pl. 8 f. 1—3 — Tampico (Mexico).
115. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) tetragona Fabricius.
1798. Cancer tetragonus Fabricius. Suppl. Entom. Syst., p. 341 — East India. 1799. Cancer fascicularis Herbst. Naturgesch. Krabben u. Krebse. Bd. 3
Heft 1 p. 49, pl. 47 f. 5 — Hast India.
1869. Sesarma fascicularis Hilgendorf. vy. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika. Bd. 3.1., Crust., p.. 91 — notes on Herbst’s specimen.
1887. Sesarma tetragona de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 646 and 665, pl. 17 f. 1 — description of type-specimen of Fabricius.
1900. Sesarma tetragonum? Aleock. Journ. As. Soe. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2
24.— mm. 15.— , Se ” ihe geen eta 1045 Cia Rane TWO See
p. 420 — Ceylon, Madras, deltas of Mahanaddi and Ganges.
nec Sesarma tetragona H. et A, Milne-Edwards, Hoffmann a. o.
(= Ses. meinerti de Man).
This exceedingly rare species is probably represented in the Musea by two specimens only, one, being the type-specimen of Fabricius, at Copenhagen, the other, that of Herbst, at Berlin! As Dr. de Man in- formed me, it appears very doubtful, whether Alcock’s specimens really
1) The specimen had lost all the ambulatory legs, except the anterior pair. The lost pairs, — however, are all regenerating and budding out again. This indicates a great tenacity of life and a regenerative power which appears most enviable to everybody, especially in the war times of these days! The animal must have emerged out of some animated scrimmage in a deplorable state and, though its comparative helplessness must have rendered it an easy prey to any pur-
suer, it has managed up to the time of its caught to escape all dangers,
\
’s RIJTKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 207
are referable to the present species, as the upper border of the mobile finger is described as being “coarsely crenulate”, whereas no mention is made of the characteristic 9—10 tubercles, disposed at regular distances in a longitudinal groove on this finger, as denoted by Hilgendorf and de Man.
116. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) thelxinoé de Man.
1908. Sesarma thelainoé de Man. Rec. Ind. Mus., v. 2 prt. 2 n°. 22 p. 181, pl. 11 — Port Blair (Andamans).
117. Sesarma (Sesarina s.s.) tiomanensis Rathbun.
1913. Sesarma tiomanense Rathbun. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v. 46 p. 355, pl. 31 f. 1—3 — Pulo Tioman (Malay Peninsula).
118. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) trapezoidea Guerin.
1837. Sesarma trapezoidea (Guérin) H. Milne-Edwards. Hist. nat. Crust., t. 2 p. 74 — no locality.
1853. Sesarma -trapezoidea H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p- 186 — locality unknown.
1868. Sesarma oblonga vy. Martens. Monatsber. Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1868,
. p- 611 — Philippines. ce
1887. Sesarma trapezoidea de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 654 and 678 — description of type-specimen of Milne-Edwards and of that of v. Martens.
1889. Sesarma trapezoidea de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 426, pl. 9 f. 7 — Fiyi Islands.
1889. Sesarma trapezoidea var. longitarsis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p, 427, pl. 10 f. 8 — Fiji Islands.
1890. Sesarma trapezoidea de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 12 p. 96
— Amboyna and Pacific.
1894. Sesarma trapezoidea Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 719 — Queensland.
1899. Sesarma (Sesarma) trapezoidea Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 510 — Mentawei Islands.
1902. Sesarma trapezoidea Schenkel. Verhandl. naturforsch. Gesellsch. Basel, Bd. 13 p. 545 — Lolak River (Celebes).
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) trapezoidea de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Ge- sellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 532 ') — Halmaheira.
1907. Sesarma (Sesarma) trapezoideum Rathbun. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 35 n°. 2 p. 33 — Tahiti.
1) In this paper de Man recognized his subspecies /ozgzéarsts to be only an individual variation.
Specimens in the Museum:
2 0, Amboina, Teysmann coll. 1877 | : np . ° > , ay JMG 8 .
ale ePacitie’ (gaa ae) j mentioned by de Man 1890 1 o& (juv.), Soemalata (N. Celebes), E. E. W. Schréder coll.
119. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) verleyt Rathbun. 1914. Sesarma (Sesarma) verleyi Rathbun. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v. 47
p- 123, pl. 6 f. 1—3 — Jamaica.
120. Sesarma (Parasesarma) vestita Stimpson.
1858. Sesarma vestita Stimpson. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1858, p- 106 — Kikaisima and Ousima (Japan). |
1887. Sesarma vestita de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 644 — no new locality.
1907. Sesarma vestita Stimpson. Smithson. Inst. Miscell. Coll., v. 49 p. 136, pl. 13 f. 6 — same localities as in 1858.
121. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) vicentensis Rathbun.
1914. Sesarma (Sesarma) vicentense Rathbun. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p. 74 — Port San Vicente (off Luzon, Philippines).
122. Sesarma (Holometopus) villosa A. Milne-Edwards.
1869. Sesarma villosum A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 831 — Samoah Islands.
1887. Sesarma villosa de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p: 644 — no new locality.
1895—98. Sesarma (Sesarma) villosa de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p- 153, Bd. 10 pl. 29 f. 30 — Atjeh.
1907. Sesarma (Holometopus) villosa Rathbun. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 35 n°. 2 p. 35 — Carolines.
Specimens in the Museum:
1 Q (juv.), Skroé (N. Guinea), Schadler coll. 1897.
' Pik V Il ie 2:
In the subgenus Sesarma s.s. there is a small group, characterized by the carapace and the walking legs being clothed by a dense fur of short hairs, among which isolated tufts of somewhat longer hairs are scattered. It is this character which makes such species bear a superficial resem- blance to the genus Clistocoeloma, the more so because the front is not vertically but only obliquely deflexed, the free margin being nearly straight, and the postfrontal lobes feebly developed, at least in
209
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN.
Ses. pontianacensis de Man; in the other two species, Ses. jousseaumet Nobili and Ses. lanata Alcock, these lobes are more distinct.
The subgenus Holometopus contains also one species with similar cha- racters: Ses. villosa A. Milne-Edwards. A small Q, which was provisionally referred by me to the genus Clistocoeloma, has been kindly examined by Dr. de Man, who informed me that it really belonged, at least most probably, to the present species.
The species of Sesarma that resemble Clistocoeloma are, of course, to be distinguished from the latter genus by the orbit being open: the inner suborbital lobe does not touch the front, so as to exclude the outer antenna from the orbit, as occurs in Clistocoeloma.
I have figured here the Museum specimen in order to point out some differences with the types, described at full length by de Man, and also to illustrate the remarkable resemblance with Ses. lanata Alcock (see Ill. Zool. “Investigator’’, Crust., prt. 10, 1903, pl. 65 f. 4). In both species, indeed, the carapace and the legs are covered with the same dense fur of short hairs and small tufts of somewhat longer hairs are scattered about. De Man has in a full-grown co exactly denoted the place of all the larger tufts. It may be ascribed both to the sex and to the youth of my specimen that in the first place the tufts of hair are all approxima- tely of the same size, and secondly that they are rather irregularly distributed and not in the design described by de Man, occupying the whole anterior half of the carapace. As de Man rightly remarked, the carapace and also the legs are found to be entirely smooth, after removal of the fur, but very finely punctate, owing to the insertion of the minute hairs. The different regions on the carapace are very faintly marked, the mesial furrow separating the median postfrontal lobes being the only one that is distinct; the grooves circumscribing the mesogastric area may also be traced out, though more by the fact, that the dense fur of the carapace does not extend to this mesogastric area (nor to the anterior cardiac region), than by real grooves. The postfrontal lobes are very little developed, the median lobes being scarcely separated off from the lateral ones. The front is not vertically deflexed in my young specimen, nearly wholly vertical however according to de Man; the free margin is scarcely excavated in the middle and convexly arched, but I have seen no horizontal projection, as observed by de Man. As to the lateral margins of the carapace, the latter author has described them as being wholly without teeth, diverging distally until the bases of the second pair of walking legs. As shown in my figure I have removed the hairs near the left margin of the carapace, in order to show its course. It is true, that I found the external orbital angle to be feebly developed, scarcely protuding, but behind it I noted
210 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
two distinet coneave portions at consirable distances from each other, one immediately behind the external orbital angle and the other about in the middle of the lateral margin, between them the margin is feebly bulging out and therefore not straight. The branchial regions are very much sloping, so that the lateral margin of the carapace, if looked at from the side, shows a considerable downward curve in its hinder part. I shall not describe at full length the chelipeds, as these offer in the Q very little characteristics, unlike those of the co’. We know that in the latter sex the upper border of the palm is provided with a longitudinal pectinated crest, consisting of about 25—30 juxtaposed teeth, but this crest is replaced in the 9 (de Man) by a row of extremely minute gra- nules. I have seen only a few isolated tufts of hair on the outer surface of the palm, near the upper border, else the outer surface of the palm, like the inner, is perfectly devoid of hairs. At the inner surface of the palm there is no trace of the transverse row of granules, so conspicuous in the ©’, and at the upper border of the mobile finger I have found in my young Q scarcely any trace of transverse tubercles, which, according to de Man, are present in the adult Q, in the number of 11—12, though much less developed than in the other sex.
The meropodites of the walking legs are very much hairy, with iso- lated tufts of hair on the upper surface, but the under surface is enti- rely hairless, at: least in the central parts, a character, that I have not found in de Man’s description; the meropodites themselves are not much foliaceous, and the anterior margin bears at its subdistal end only a rectangular tooth, not an acute one. The dactyli, the tip of which is much pointed and devoid of hairs, are nearly straight, and always shorter than their respective propodites, those of the penultimate pair of legs being the longest.
Dimensions:
Distance between external orbital angles . . . . 10.5 mm. Greatest ‘breadth ‘of carapace 2 me>s 2: hcg eee eo Length: “of carapace’. 5). os eye: oO ee
Breadth of front, 2". Goss ak ee aa Height of front. 52) wae oR pes et Soe Os Sone Bake ane a
Pestonior margin of renee oe iets So Acy een SOc aS Length of meropodite | : ht se aot Breadth of meropodite J GF spenwlelmaaie angie Queer DAO nly Length of carpo- propodite : ; : 7.5
Shs eae ai P o of penultimate pair. sah Breadth of propodite f | 175,
1Or Length of dactylus | een ALTO: be,
’s RIJES MUSEUM zy NATUURLIJKE HUISTORIE - — ~ LEIDEN. 211
123. Sesarma (Sesarma s.s.) weberi de Man.
1892. Sesarma webert de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost- Indien, Bd. 2 p. 338, pl. 20 f. 15 — Flores.
1893. Sesarma weberi Birger. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 622, pl. 21
- f. 8 — Marineles (Philippines).
1902. Sesarma (Sesarma) weberi de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 520 — Ternate, Halmaheira and Batjan.
1905. Sesarma (Sesarma) weberi Nobili. Ann. Mus. Hung., v. 3 p. 497 — Stephansort (German New Guinea).
B. Metasesarma H. Milne-Edwards 1853. 1. Metasesarma aubryi A. Milne-Edwards.
1869. Sesarma (Holometopus) aubryi A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 25 — New Caledonia.
1873. Sesarma (Holometopus) aubryi A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 9 p. 307, pl. 16 f. 3 — same locality.
1880. Sesarma aubryi de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 2 p. 30 — Amboyna.
1886. Sesarma (Holometopus) ates Miers. Brachyura Rep. “Challenger”, p. 271 — New Hebrides, Arou Islands, Wild Islands, anaralte
— Islands:
1887. Sesarma aubryi de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 642 and 661 (part.) — New Guinea.
1890. Sesarma aubryi de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 12 p. 93 — Pacific, Amboyna and Morotai.
1892. Sesarma aubryi Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden 1890/91, Bd. 3 n°. 3 p. 388 — New Guinea.
1893. Sesarma aubryi de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, v. 15 p. 287 — Great Bastaard Island near Flores. _
1894. Sesarma aubryi Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 718 — New Guinea.
1895—98. Sesarma (Metasesarma) aubryi de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 130, Bd. 10 pl. 29 f. 27 (ext. maxilliped) — Atjeh.
1899. Sesarma (Metasesarma) aubryi Nobili. Ann. mus. ciy. stor. nat.
Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 267 — Salawatti Island near north-west New Guinea.
1899. Sesarma (Metasesarma) aubryi Nobili. Ann. mus. ciy. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 505 — Nias and Engano.
1900. Sesarma aubryi Borradaile. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 593 — Rotuma.
212 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL ITI.
1902. Sesarma (Metasesarma) aubryi de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Ge- sellsch,, Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 507 — Ternate and Halmaheira.
1910. Sesarma (Holometopus) aubryi Rathbun. K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr., 7. Raekke, Afd. 5 n°. 4 p. 329 — Gulf of Siam.
1910. Metasesarma aubryi Rathbun. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 52 p. 308 — Halmaheira, Sorong and Manokwari (Nether- land’s New Guinea).
Specimens in the Museum:
1 ©, Morotai, Bernstein coll.
1 o&, 3 9, Amboina, Ludeking coll. 1863.
1 6, 1 9, Great Bastaard Island (near Flores), Dr. H. ten Kate coll. 1891.
4 6, 3 Q, Skroé (N. Guinea), Schiédler coll. 1897.
1 9, Kisser (N. Guinea), Schiidler coll. 1898.
1 ©, north coast of Java, Buitendijk coll. 1910.
47 (', 33 9, Poeloe Weh (north of Sumatra), Buitendijk coll. Aug. and
Dec 1910! 2. Metasesarma rousseauxt H, Milne-Edwards.
1853. Metasesarma rousseauxt H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Sc. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 188 — Zanzibar.
1855. Metasesarma rousseauxt H. Milne-Edwards. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 7 p- 158, pl. 10 f. 1 — no new locality.
1862. Metasesarma granularis Heller. Verhandl. zool. bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1862, p. 522 — Tahiti.
1865. Metasesarma rugulosa Heller. Crust. Reise “Novara”, p. 65 — Tahiti and Nicobars ').
1887. Sesarma aubryi (part.) de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. Bd. 2 p. 661 — no locality.
1888. Sesarma aubryi de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22 p. 168 Mergui Archipelago.
1888. Sesarma aubryi de Man. Arch. Naturgesch., Jahrg. 53.1. p. 372 — north coast of Java and Amboyna.
1889. Metasesarma rousseauxt de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 4 p. 439 — Madagascar.
1890. Metasesarma rousseauxi de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 12 p. 93 — no locality.
1892. Metasesarma rousseauxt de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-Ind., Bd. 2 p. 350 — Flores.
1893. Metasesarma rousseauat Henderson. Transact. Linn. Soc. London,
(2) v. 5 p. 392 — Ennore.
1) See de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 180, note.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 213
1894. Metasesarma rousseauai Ortmann. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 7 p. 717 — Samoah, Tahiti and Philippines.
1895—98. Sesarma (Metasesarma) rousseauxi de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 138, Bd. 10 pl. 29 f. 28 (ext. maxilliped) — Atjeh and Penang.
1899. Sesarma (Metasesarma) rousseauxi Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 506 — Ceylon.
1900. Metasesarma rousseauxii Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 427 — Andamans, Nicobars, Mergui Arch., Ganges Delta, Madras and Minnikoy (Laccadives).
1902. Sesarma (Metasesarma) rousseauati de Man. Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch., Bd. 25 Heft 3 p. 506 — Halmaheira.
1905. Metasesarma rousseauxit Nobili. Ann. Mus. Hung., v. 3 p. 501 — Berlinhafen (German New Guinea).
1910. Metasesarma rousseauxi Rathbun. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., v. 52 p. 308 — Halmaheira, Waigeu and Manokwari (Netherland’s New Guinea).
Specimens in the Museum:
2 o', 2 9, Atjeh, Storm coll. (examined by de Man 1895).
6 Oo’, 3 9, Amboina, Ludeking coll. 1863.
Gio O.. Bezan (7) elS3l:
1 Q, Aroe Islands, v. Rosenberg coll.
1 9, New Guinea.
1 6’, 3 Q, Poeloe Weh (north of Sumatra), Buitendijk coll. Dec. 1910.
3. Metasesarma trapezium (Dana).
1852. Sesarma trapezium Dana. U. 8. Expl. Exp., Crust., p. 354, pl. 22
: f. 8 — Sandwich Islands.
1861. Metasesarma trapezium Stimpson. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1861, p. 373 — description of type-specimens.
C. Sarmatium Dana 1851 = Metagrapsus H. Milne-Edwards 1853.
1. Sarmatium birdi Nobili. 1905. Sarmatium birdi Nobili. Ann. Mus. Hung., v. 3 p. 498 — Ste- phansort (German New Guinea).
This species of which only the Q is known is nearest related to S. punctatum A. Milne-Edwards, but, according to Nobili, the following points of difference are to be observed.
External orbital angles
Epibranchial teeth
Traces of second epi- branchial teeth. Front.
Postfrontal lobes
Chelipeds
Walking legs
S. birdi
Lateral margins slightly diverging distally.»
Not projecting forward, separated from external orbital angles by a mi- nute incision, without oblique crest; lateral margins converging dis- tally and shorter than those of external orbital angles.
Absent.
Less wide, measuring half the distance be- tween external orbital angles; with deep and wide median emargina- tion.
Median lobes more than twice as broad as the lateral ones.
Meropodite without sub- distal tooth at superior border; upper border of mobile finger with a longitudinal row of 5 spiniform teeth. Meropodite and propo- dite of penultimate pair of legs more than twice as long as broad; in the first to third pair the distal third of the pos- terior border of the me- ropodite is minutely den- ticulate.
S. punctatum
Lateral margins strongly diverging distally. Projecting forward, se- parated from external orbital angles by a deep and wide incision, with oblique crest; lateral margins diverging dis- tally and longer than those of external orbital angles.
Present.
Wider, measuring about 2 of the distance be- tween external orbital angles; regularly convex at the free margin.
Median lobes about 14
times as broad as the lateral ones. Meropodite with rect-
angular subdistal tooth at superior border; up- per border of mobile finger with two thick, cone-shaped teeth. Meropodite and _ propo- dite of penultimate pair of legs exactly twice as long as broad; in all the legs the distal third of the posterior border of the meropodite is smooth.
’*s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN.
215
2. Sarmatium crassum Dana.
1851. Sarmatium crassum Dana. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 1851, p- 251 — Upolu (Samoa).
1852. Sarmatium crassum Dana. U. 8. Expl. Exp., Crust., p. 358, pl. 23 f. 1 — same locality.
1869. Sesarma germani A. Milne-Edwards. Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, Bull. p. 28 — Poeloe Condore (South China).
1887. Sesarma germani de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 651 — no new locality.
1887. Sarmatium crassum de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 660 — no new locality.
1891. Sesarma germani de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 13 p. 51 — Pacific, description of type-specimen ') of Milne-Edwards.
1899. Sarmatium crassum Nobili. Ann. mus. civ. stor. nat. Genova, (2) t. 20 p. 505 — Siboga (Sumatra).
1900. Sarmatium crassum Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p- 426 — Nicobars.
Specimens in the Museum:
IgOF, -Pacitic:
This small species is characterized by its smooth carapace, by the palm of the cheliped being not tuberculate at the outer surface and es- pecially by the 6—7 transverse parallel crests near the upper border of the palm, in the case of the <. The upper border of the movable finger of the © bears four short spines, but there are none in the Q.
3. Sarmatium curvatum H. Milne-Edwards.
1837. Sesarma curvata H. Milne-Edwards. Hist. nat. Crust., t. 2 p. 75 — Senegal. —
1851. Sesarma violacea Herklots. Add. faun. care. Afr. oce., p. 10, pl. 1 f. 9 — Boutry and Saccondé (Guinea).
1853. Metagrapsus curvatus H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p- 189 — Senegal.
1855. .Metagrapsus curvatus H. Milne-Edwards. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 7 p- 160, pl. 10 f. 3 — same locality.
1880. Sesarma violacea de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, y. 2 p. 31 — same locality as given by Herklots.
1892. Sarmatium violacewm Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden, Bd. 3 n°. 3 1890—91, p. 40 — Ogowé (West Africa).
1) This specimen is here recognized to be identical with Sarmatium crassum. 15 (12—VII—1917).
216 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL Il.
1900. Sesarma (Sarmatium) curvatum Rathbun. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., y. 22 p. 281 — enumeration of West African localities.
Specimens in the Museum: 4 oo, 3 Q (type-specimens of Herklots). .
Though this species at first sight resembles Sarm. punctatum, it is distinguished by an occasional third epibranchial tooth, by the last segment of the abdomen of the ¢ being much elongated, much longer than broad at the base, and by some characters of the chelipeds; parallel with the upper border of the palm, but at considerable distance from the border itself, there runs a longitudinal granulated row, from the carpal joint to the base of the movable finger, somewhat curved inward in its distal fourth part; here, over a greater or lesser distance, the row is modified into a pectinated crest, consisting of erect, horny-coloured teeth, of the same appearance as is generally met with in the subgenera Para- sesarma and Chiromantes of the genus Sesarma. The upper border of the mobile finger is provided with a longitudinal row of 9—10 low spines, turned forward, and outside of this row the border is transversely milled, in adult ©, along nearly its whole course.
4. Sarmatium fryatti n. sp.
Specimens in the Museum:
1 o, Nias, E. E. W. Schréder coll. 1908.
1 9, Obi, Bernstein coll.
1 QO, Java, Kuhl & vy. Hasselt coll. (placed in the collection s.n. Chas- magnathus gibbosus de Haan).
Besides the fine © from Nias I have examined a Q, likewise from Nias, and belonging to the Amsterdam Zoological Museum; the two 9 of the Museum were, found by me among the dried material of Crus- tacea and are much damaged.
The species is nearest related to Sarmatium birdi Nobili aud Sarma- tium punctatum (A. Milne-Edwards). It resembles the former species by the width of the front, by the superior border of the arm of the cheli- peds not being armed with a subdistal tooth, by the comparative slen- derness of the walking legs, and by the upper border of the movable finger being armed with 4—-5 spines; the general shape of the carapace, and especially that of external orbital angles and epibranchial teeth, is, on the contrary, much more like what is found in Sarm. punctatum.
As usual, the carapace is much inflated, strongly curved in longitu- dinal direction, but scarcely so transversely, and the branchial regions
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN.
217
are very much sloping downward. Looked at from above, the lateral margins of the carapace are much narrowed anteriorly and the greatest breadth is found between the posterior epibranchial teeth, further distally the margins are distinctly concave, bulging out again in their distal third part and ending above the bases of the penultimate pair of legs. The external orbital angles are acute, directed forward and inward; the distance between them is distinctly greater than the length of the cara- pace in the median line; the lateral margins are much diverging distally and are separated off from the epibranchial teeth by a deep and wide
Fig. 6. Sarmatium fryatti n. sp. J. Nat. size.
incision; the latter teeth are somewhat projecting forward, there is no oblique crest, ending at the tip of the tooth, unlike Sarm. punctatwn 3; the lateral margins are slightly convex, and feebly diverging distally, they are longer than those of the external orbital angles, and are defined posteriorly by a trace of a second epibranchial tooth, forming the lateral end of the anterior oblique line on the branchial regions; this line is followed by 4—5 similar ones. Greatest breadth of the carapace, in proportion to the length of the latter, 1.3:1 in the present species, 1.24:1 in Sarm. birdi. Posterior margin of carapace equal to width of front’ between the eye-stalks. The front is vertically deflexed, but owing to the fact that the protogastric regions are very much sloping and the postfrontal lobes much rounded-off, it is scarcely defined towards the carapace; the anterior margin is not at all curved upward, and has a
broad but not very deep emargination’in the middle; in this respect, and also by the width of the front being nearly equal to half the distance between the external orbital angles, the species resembles Sarm. birdi; the lateral parts of the anterior margin of the front, if viewed from above, are sloping obliquely backward towards the distinctly pointed angles; the side margins of the front are much concave. The median postfrontal lobes are 1'/, times as broad at the outer ones (like Sarm. punctatum); the groove between the inner lobes is very broad, but not deep, and the median triangular portion of the mesogastric region projects far forward; inner and outer lobes are separated by narrow furrows, and the latter lobes are defined laterally along some distance by concave grooves, marking off the protogastric regions. The mesogastric area is well-defined, especially at the four angles, by deep grooves; the cardiac region is somewhat less distinctly separated off from the branchial areas, and the former is divided by a transverse furrow into an anterior and a posterior part.
The whole surface of the carapace is smooth and glossy, but every- where crowded with minute pits, that, in life, apparently mark the in- sertion of numerous tufts of hairs; such tufts are largest on the hepatic and the posterior part of the protogastrie regions, extending also on towards the postfrontal lobes; on the branchial regions the hairs are arranged in oblique, parallel rows.
The abdomen of the © (Fig. 7) is narrow; the posterior margin of the penultimate segment. is 11, times the length of the segment; the last segment is longer than broad at the base.
Chelipeds generally equal in size in both sexes, but in the Q from Obi the right is somewhat larger than the left. Upper ‘border of arm, like the outer surface, transversely rugose, more so in the co than in the Q, but there is no tooth near the distal end; outer border regularly and coarsely denticulate; inner
i border with some few teeth in the middle third, but
Fig. 7. Me : ; : nents Sarmatium fryatti otherwise entirely smooth, somewhat expanded in its n. sp. Abdomen. — distal half. Wrist with wavy rows of minute granules eee Ae: above, denticulate at the inner part of the anterior margin, but inner angle not produced; under surface with transverse row of about 10 granules. Palm (Fig. 8) shorter than fingers; horizontal léngth equal to height; outer surface convex, in the © covered with numerous ‘rugosities and pits of different size, an obliquely-horizontal wrinkle in the middle ; towards the upper border about 8—9 short transverse rows of very
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 219
small pits may be observed ; in the 9 these characters are, as usual, much less pronounced. Upper border of palm somewhat raised and irregularly gra- nulate; at the beginning ,of the distal third a row of some 3—4 granules branches off obliquely forward at the inner side. Inner face of palm smooth, with some isolated granules, and a transverse row of gra- nules, numbering 7—9 in the o’, much smaller and fewer in number in the 9. Immovable finger very thick and high at the base, but slightly hollowed out at the inner face of the latter, under margin nearly straight in the 9, but with a sigmoid curve in the ©; outer surface pitted and provided with some oblique striae; inner surface smooth, but with a row of 5—6 granules, bordering the upper border of the excavation at the base of the finger; cutting margin horny at the tip, but otherwise nearly wholly destitute of teeth; looked at from above, the cutting margin has a flattened, triangular shape, in the proximal half we observe a small tubercle, followed by a larger one, that is transversely developed; between the latter and the horny margin of the tip there are only a few, isolated denticles The opposite border of the movable finger is provided with three larger tubercles and some smaller ones be- tween them; the distance between the largest (proximal) tubercle and the middle one is Fig. 8. Sarmatiuim fryatti half the distance between the latter and the Rae er aes are distal tubercle, that marks the beginning of the horny margin at the tip of the finger; this movable finger is much curved, especially so in the o', both in dorsal and in side view; inner and outer surface are covered with numerous pits, but the latter face is somewhat flattened near the base, and the pits are connected by reticulating grooves; the upper border is provided with 4 spinules, directed obliquely towards the tip, numbering 4 in the o’, 4—5 in the Q, arranged in a longitu- dinal row at regular distances, but occupying only the proximal half of the finger.
The walking legs are rather slender, but not very long, the penul- timate pair, the longest of all, measuring 17/, times the greatest breadth of the carapace. Meropodites 2'/, times as long as broad; anterior border crenulate, with subdistal acute tooth, posterior border smooth, like under surface, upper surface somewhat rugose transversely. Carpo- and propodite together about as long as meropodite of the same leg, length of propodite in the median line about 2'/, times the breadth in the middle, dactylus pointed, nearly straight, shorter than the preceding joint. Outer border of carpo- and propodite, like the inner of the propodite, covered with
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
short hairs, intermingled with longer ones, but, as usual, this hairy covering extends farther proximally in the case of the first and second pair of walking legs, diminishing gradually in the hinder legs.
Dimensions of the two specimens from Nias:
| 2 See Distance between external orbital angles . . . 27.5 25.— mm.
f anterior epibranchial teeth. . 31.— 27.75 ,
posterior ; pudes bie = OosOe cp tOued mers
Posterior margin cof carapace oy 2,6 «4. ta. | 14.25) lope ‘Breadthhot stront.:j:: ech. epee ibs. (oo ee ee ten ae a es Length of carapace. . 6 ZOD) = Gees koe ' Posterior margin of 5th eae a ayiencn + gD — ‘5 Length of 5th segment of abdomen. . . apeeaDeee — » eeeronte margin of 6th segment of abdomen eee 745) — y, Length of eth serment of abdomen. 27) 01) oro 7G.25) 4 a Base of last segment of abdomen . .... 4— — ~y Length of last segment of abdomen. . . - as Horizontal length of palm + immobile ane . 26.5 21— , Height of palm) 2)... Tl ool Length of movable finger Sone fener apd » Loe Ao ee Length of meropodite ; 19.5 18— , Foesath of Re, pi a PE ea eee Length of carpo- + propodite | oo ae 20.— 18.5 , Breadth of propodite | of penultimate 4.5 4. , Length of dactylus | pair of legs 9.5 (Ga ae ae i me aa Or eee teen vathlone aD re
1868. 1887. 1892.
1906.
1893.
5. Sarmatium indicum (A. Milne-Edwards). Metagrapsus indicus A. Milae-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 4 p. 174, pl. 26 f. 1—5 — Celebes. Sarmatium indicum de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 660 — no new locality. Sarmatium indicum de Man. Weber’s zool. Erg. Reise niederl. Ost-Indien, Bd. 2 p. 350 — Macassar. Sarmatium indicum Nobili. Boll. Mus. Torino, t. 18 n°. 452 p. 23 — Mahé (Seychelles).
5a. Sarmatium indicum malabaricum Henderson.
Sarmatium indicum var. malabaricum Henderson. Transact. Linn. Soc. London, (2) v. 5 p. 393, pl. 36 f. 17 — Cochinchina.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 221
6. Sarmatium inerme de Man.
1887. Sarmatium inerme de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 660 and 687 — Cochinchina and Poeloe Condore.
7. Sarmatium integrum (A. Milne-Edwards).
1873. Metagrapsus integer A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 9 p. 309, pl. 17 f. 3 — New Caledonia.
1887. Sarmatium integrum de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 660 — no new locality.
8. Sarmatium pectinatum (1. Milne-Edwards).
1853. Metagrapsus pectinatus H. Milne-Edwards. Ann. Se. nat., (3) t. 20 p. 189 — Martinique.
9. Sarmatium punctatwn (A. Milne-Edwards).
1865. Sesarma indica Heller nec H. Milne-Edwards, Crust. Reise , Novara”, p. 64 — Ceylon, Nicobars.
1873. Metagrapsus punctatus A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 9 p. 308, pl. 17 f. 2 — New Caledonia.
1880. Metagrapsus punctatus de Man. ‘Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 2 p. 31 — Padang.
1887. Sarmatium punctatum de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2 p. 660 — no new locality.
1892. Sarmatium punctatum Thallwitz. Abhandl. Mus. Dresden, Bd. 3 n°. 8, 1890—91, p. 41 — Madras.
Specimens in the Museum: 1 ©, Padang (examined by de Man 1880).
This species closely resembles Sari. fryatti, but besides by the width of the front exceeding half the distance between the external orbital angles, the carapace is everywhere smooth and shining, without any trace of hairs, and minutely punctate. The anterior margin of the front is regularly convex in dorsal view, with scarcely any trace of a median emargination; the upper border of the movable finger bears only two very thick and blunt spines, and the walking legs are much more robust than in Sarm. fryatti, the meropodites being only twice as long as broad. The shape of the abdomen of the © is the same in both species.
222 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
D. Clistocoeloma A. Milne-Edwards 1873.
1. Clistocoeloma balansae A. Milne Edwards.
1873. Clistocoeloma balansae A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 9 p. 311, pl. 17 f. 1 — New Caledonia.
1896. Clistocoeloma balansae de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p. 340 — description of type-specimens.
1900. Clstocoeloma balansae Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 429 — Nicobars ').
2. Clistocoeloma merguiense de Man.
1888. Clistocoeloma merguiensis de Man. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, v. 22 p. 195, pl. 13 f. 10 — Kisseraing Island (Mergui Archipelago).
1890. Clistocoeloma merquiensis? de Man. Notes Leyden Museum, vy. 12 p. 92 — Amboyna.
1896—98. Clistocoeloma merguiensis de Man. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9 p- 339, Bd. 10 pl. 31 f. 40 — Penang.
1900. Clistocoeloma merguiense Alcock. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69 prt. 2 p. 429 — Nicobars.
Specimens in the Museum: 1 ©, Amboina, Ludeking coll. 1863 (examined by de Man 1890).
3. Clistocoeloma tectum (Rathbun).
1914. Sesarma (Sesarma) tectum Rathbun. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v. 47 p. 78 — Port San Vicente, near Luzon (Philippines).
Pl. XVII Fig. 3.
This species has been recently made known by Miss Rathbun, who, however, erroneously referred it to Sesarma. I have examined a Q from Nias, belonging to the Amsterdam Zoological Museum and besides, 3 9 and 1 © collected by the ,Siboga’’-expedition in the Talaut Archipelago. As the o has not yet been described, it is not without importance to put forth its principal features.
The species belongs clearly to the present genus, on account of the outer antennae being completely excluded from the orbit by means of a triangular lobe rising from the inner part of the inferior ’ orbital border and being nearly in contact with the lateral corner of the
1) Judging from Alcock’s description I should think, that his specimens belong to Cl. tec- tum, as the carapace is said to be “boldly and symmetrically lobulated”.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. = 223
front. The outer appearance is much like that of the other species of Clistocoeloma; carapace and legs are everywhere covered with a close down of short hairs, the postfrontal lobes are little projecting, the front is bent obliquely, not perpendicularly, downward, the lateral margins of the carapace are toothed anteriorly, and the upper orbital border is very oblique.
Cl. tectum bears a very great resemblance to Cl. balansae A. Milne- Edwards, on account of the carapace being quadrate, and the distance between the outer orbital angles only slightly or not at all exceeding the length of the carapace, and the external postfrontal lobes being sub- divided into two small tubercles. It differs by the course of the upper orbital border, that is not waved, by the tubercles on the carapace, the shape of the abdomen of the © and probably by some other characters.
The carapace, as has been said, is quadrate; its surface is somewhat curved in a transverse direction, but nearly straight longitudinally, though very much uneven. The place of the large tubercles has been indi- cated by Miss Rathbun, and may be seen in my figure: firstly there is a tubercle, at the level of the external orbital angle, behind each lateral postfrontal lobe, and a much larger one, lying farther backward, behind each median lobe; these tubercles are much better defined anteriorly than the postfrontal lobes themselves. Secondly there is a somewhat concave row of 7 tubercles of difterent size: on the mesogastric region is lying the median of these tubercles; at either side of it is found a somewhat larger one, and finally there are again two very small ones, laterally of the larger one, on the hepatic areas. The cardiac region has three rather large tubercles, two anteriorly and one posteriorly, and laterally of these there are again two longitudinally-elongated tubercles on the inner parts of the branchial regions. These tubercles are not much _ pro- minent, but nevertheless they are very conspicuous in alcohol-specimens, on account of their being covered by some longer and thicker hairs, of a browny colour, that are at once marked out among the very short, greyish or blackish hairs of the general fur of the carapace, which latter hairy covering affords a characteristic general dark hue to the animal. When the hairy coating is removed the carapace is smooth, shining, minutely punctate.
The front is bent obliquely-downward, ill-defined towards the post- frontal lobes, rather high (3'/, times as long as broad), with concave surface, and somewhat projecting anterior margin; the latter bears a narrow, distinct emargination in the middle, the lateral parts are sloping somewhat obliquely-backward, and each part has two small prominences, so that six of them are in all counted; the hairs are somewhat longer
224 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
at the margin than on the surface itself, and, besides, there is a tuft of longer hairs on each side, beneath and somewhat outward of the median postfrontal lobes; the lateral margins of the front are concave, and the angles, where again a small tuft of hairs is observed, are rectangular, so that the anterior margin slightly exceeds the breadth of the front between the eye-stalks; the latter width is */, of the distance between the outer orbital angles. The postfrontal lobes are indistinct, owing to the hairy covering, and the grooves separating them are very shallow, and broad, but, after removal fe the hairs, the median lobes prove to be twice as large as the external ones, and the latter are divided, by a very indistinct furrow, into two parts, the outer one Ber ae the larger and situated farther forward. According to Miss Rathbun the postfrontal lobes are “prominent and deeply separated, the outer a little narrower than the inner”, but this difference from my description may be perhaps merely subjective. The orbits are very high, owing to the fact, that the upper orbital border is very much sloping backward, but there is no trace of a convex inner part, as in Cl, balansae; it is regularly curved and passes with a right angle into the small external orbital angle; the latter is, however, still somewhat larger than the anterior epibranchial tooth, and has a convex outer margin, that is separated from the following tooth by a deep incision, though in other case this incision is much less marked, and, likewise, the tip of the epibranchial tooth may be somewhat pointed or quite obtuse. Again, be- hind the anterior epibranchial tooth, there is a second, with convex outer margin, that is somewhat longer than that of the preceding tooth, but scarcely defined posteriorly. All the teeth have thickened, minutely punc- tate margins, and this character is caused by the insertion of numerous thick, brown hairs, that project beyond the teeth, and make them look much longer than they really are, especially in the case of the posterior tooth; in fact the distance between external orbital angles and epibran- chial teeth is about the same and about equal to the length of the carapace in the median line, though more exactly so in the older specimens, at least in my only full-grown ova-bearing 9; Miss Rathbun has, besides, observed the same in her only specimen, an adult QO. The lateral margins of the carapace are exactly parallel, but slightly hollowed out immediately behind the posterior epibranchial teeth.
The abdomen of the & (Fig. 3c) is much like that of the other species of this genus, but the 5th segment is as long as the 6th segment, though distinctly longer than the preceding joint; the posterior margin of the penultimate segment is only 2'/, times (in the other species nearly three times) the length of this joint. The last segment is much shorter
’s RIIKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — 225
than in the other species, its length slightly exceeding the breadth at the base and the length of the preceding segment, whereas both in Cl. balansae and Cl. merguiense the length of the last segment distinctly exceeds its breadth at the base and is twice as long as the preceding segment (de Man 1896).
All the minute characters of the chelipeds are, like those of the walking legs, concealed beneath the same continuous fur, that clothes the upper surface of the carapace, and among this fur numerous small tufts of somewhat longer hairs are freely scattered. Only the fingers of the chelae and the tip of the dactyli are free from hairs, the former are of an ivory colour, very conspicuous against the general dark hue of the palm. If the upper border of the arm of the cheliped be denuded, a minute, rectangular subdistal tooth proves to be present, as has been observed by Miss Rathbun, but it is wanting in the other species (de Man 1896); the anterior and posterior border are smooth, not at all toothed, the former scarcely expanded near its distal end. The carpopo- dite (wrist) is rugose; the upper surface bears some large tubercles, each of which is covered by a tuft of hairs; the inner angle is some- what produced in my specimens, though it is described as being blunt by: Miss Rathbun, as in the other species of this genus. The palm (Fig. 3a) is somewhat longer than the fingers, about as long as high, smooth and shining, continuously covered at the outer surface with hairs, but with denuded patches at the inner face, and with isolated tufts of hairs outside the upper border; the latter is somewhat better marked in the © than in the © and yery finely punctate, but in the latter sex a dis- tinct pectinated crest, consisting of more than 380 horny- coloured, pointed and erect teeth, is observed, the height of which teeth is largest in the middle of the longitudinal crest and de- ereases towards both ends. A similar crest occurs in the o of the other species (de Man 1896).
The fingers, as has been said, are naked, with only some patches of hairs near the base; they are shorter than the palm, not gaping, straight, with smaller and larger pits at both inner and outer surface, arranged in indistinct longitudinal rows, but elsewhere smooth and shining; the tips are provided with horny margins, and the crenulation of the cutting margins is not very prominent; the under margin of the immobile finger is in a straight line with that of the palm. The upper border of the movable finger of the & presents a longitudinal row of 14—15 transverse tubercles, extending to near the tip; the proximal tubercle, near the base, is rounded off, but the following are oval, their longer axis being not exactly perpendicular to the long axis
226 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
of the finger, but slightly oblique, as the inner end reaches farther for- ward (this character is not indicated in my figure 3a); the proximal slope is twice as long as the distal one, but the tubercles are obtuse at the tip, without smooth ridge, and entirely destitute of sculpture. This row of tubercles agrees with that described by de Man (1896) in the other species of this genus, and, likewise, it seems to be entirely absent in the young 9; only the ova-bearing Q, that is considerably larger than my only ©’, presents a similar row on the mobile finger'), though the tubercles are smaller and somewhat less in number; in young Q the upper border is only punctate.
The meropodites of the walking legs are “bordered by irregular tufts of hair which have the appearance of lobes”, as Miss Rathbun rightly remarks; in fact, there are four such tufted lobes of longitudinally in- serted hairs at the anterior margin, and a much smaller one on the tip of the meropodite; the median lobes are the larger, but the outer one, which occupies the place, where in other species a subdistal acute tooth is found, is better defined and more prominent, though likewise rounded off at the tip. The hinder margin of the meropodites are likewise wavy and the prominent parts are also provided with a tuft of longer hairs, the outer one being the most distinct, but the preceding lobe is the longest. The meropodites themselves are rather slender, their length being nearly 3 times the greatest breadth. The peculiar wavy course of the margins seems to be much better pronounced in this species than in its congeners; de Man has not made mention of it, but in the © of Cl. merguiense, examined by this author himself in 1890, I observed a similar character, though much less distinet than in Cl. tectwin.
In comparing the two species, I observed, that the propodite of the penultimate pair of legs is distinctly shorter and comparatively broader in Cl. mergquiense: it is 3 times as long as broad in Cl. tectum, twice in Cl. mergquiense *). The dactyli are distinctly shorter than the preceding joints, very thin, curved and pointed; the tips are hairless. Both margins of carpo- and propodite are clothed with hairs, that are longest at the posterior margin of the propodite of the Jast legs.
From Cl. merguiense the present species is distinguished by the dis- tance between the external orbital angles being about equal to the length of the carapace, by the latter being covered with large tubercles, arranged
1) It is curious, that Miss Rathbun, who likewise examined an adult ©, of the same size as my largest 9, apparently has overlooked this character.
2) In his figure of this species (de Man 1888) the legs are more slender, about as in C7. tectum, but afterwards (1896) this author remarks, that they are in reality shorter than depicted by him,
Distance between external orbital angles. Length of carapace. . . ig silat th ysh yaar t He Breadth of front (at upper ein
Posterior margin of carapace.
Horizontal length of ate See eee? 34 Sea ak > Height of palm . . APS ot oie | 28h pisr Lalas ae Length of movable aneees ;
s RUIKS M MUSEUM | VAN NA PUURLIJKE HISTORIE - — LEIDE N. 227
in a regular way (in the single 9 of Cl. merguiense small patches of hairs are observed on ‘the anterior part of the carapace, much more numerous and rather irregularly disposed), by the lateral postfrontal lobes being subdivided, by longer propodites and shorter dactyli of the walking legs, and by some differences in the abdomen of the ©. From the species of Milne-Edwards it is equally distinguished by the latter character, by the regular curve of the upper orbital border, being not convex in its inner half, and by the same differences in regard to the walking legs.
Dimensions:
. . e fh peek peek Or ot — CO
SO A ODO ns: — bo ON
bo ei |
Or aa 1 On
bo i | ce)
or ~1 D> nr
WH OH OO DIO GO RIO
|
So ey
a] 1 1 or Ot
Length of meropodite —|} 14.— Breadth , ¥ of penultimate —|, 5.25 4.— Length ,, carpo- + propodite { pair of legs EE ay ena 5 » dactylus — —') 4.5 rieicr margin of 3th (antepenultimate) segment of abdomen 5.75\ = — — Length of 5th (antepenultimate) segment of abdomen 1.90} a — Posterior margin of 6th (penultimate) segment of abdomen SOW ie om _ Length of 6th (penultimate) segment of abdomen 1.85 pee — Base of last segment of abdomen 2.35) — —— Length of last segment of abdomen 2.66/ -— —
N°. 1 and 2 are ,Siboga” specimens from the Talaut Archipelago (n°. 2 is adult, with numerous, small ovae beneath the abdomen), n°. 3 is from Nias.
IJ. Habits and Distribution.
The few and scanty notes scattered about in the literature concerning the habits of the species we are here dealing with, indicate that the latter in the vast majority inhabit mangrove swamps, mouths of rivers and brooks and are even normally found in fresh water, far from the sea and high up into the country. Though not bound so strictly to fresh water as the true river crabs (Potamonidae), they nevertheless ascend rivers and brooks, may leave the water and wander about on land, where many
1) Absent in the specimen. 2) Measured under the microscope.
mm.
228 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL TIT.
species of Sesarma are known to dig holes into which they retire at approaching danger, in the way of Ocypode; nay, some species, that were partly enclosed by de Man in a subgenus Geosesarma, on account of the few and large ovae, carried along by the Q, normally live in woods, far from any water, hiding under leaves and fallen stems. Such species as frequent mangrove swamps are generally found together with the common fiddler crabs, but, unlike these, they do not seem to be gregarious, though they likewise dig holes above the flood-line. I know only of one species, that seems to be strictly marine, Sesarma rupicola Stimpson, which, accor- ding to its discoverer, ,lives among rocks at about half-tide, on shores more or less exposed to the surf”. There are rather many species living both in brackish and in fresh water and, not content with this, are fre- quently found strolling about on land. These excursions are apt to expose the animals to many dangers, but the crabs seem to be gifted with real courage: at least Sesarma dehaant H. Milne-Edwards is known to defend “itself successfully from the attacks of small dogs” (Stimpson). They part with their limbs with the utmost ease. Birds and other land animals may prey upon them and pick away their limbs; the crabs themselves are likely to indulge in occasional battles, for the sake of the fair sex, but the loss of even the greater part of their legs does not seem to afflict them in the least, as the remaining stump rapidly buds out again (see also note on p. 206). I do not know of any species producing a’ sound, though it is not unlikely that the very prominent transverse crest at the inner face of the palm of Sesarma taeniolata White, at least in the case of the ¢’, may serve for this purpose.
As to the distribution in the tropical countries, four areas are to be distinguished, the Indo-Pacific, the West African, the East and the West American regions. There is scarcely, if at all, a species of the genera here spoken of, occurring in more than one of this regions, Metasesarma and Clistocoeloma are Indo-Pacific; also Sarmatium, with the exception of one species (Sarm. pectinatum H. Milne-Edwards) in the East American, and another (Sarm. curvatum H. Milne-Edwards) in the West African region. South Africa belongs in this respect wholly to the Indo-Pacific region, in which the vast majority of Sesarma-species occur.
The following list contains the species of Sesarma, Metasesarma, Sar- matium and Clistocoeloma, found in the Indo-Pacific region. With an asterisk are marked those species that are contained in the collection of the Leiden Museum, or, at least, will form part of it before long.
Ses. (Ses.) aequifrons Rathbun. *Ses. (Ses.) amphinome de Man.
is RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 229
* Ses. (Parases.) andersoni de Man.
*Ses. (Ses.) angustifrons A. Milne-Edwards.
Ses. (Ses.) aranea Nobili.
* Ses. (Ses.) atrorubens Hess.
*Ses. (Parases.) bataviana de Man.
* Ses. (Parases.) batavica Moreira.
*Ses. (Chirom.) bidens (de Haan) with subsp. indica de Man.
* Ses. (Ses.) bocourti A. Milne-Edwards.
* Ses. (Ses.) brockii de Man.
*Ses. (Parases.) calypso de Man with subsp. /iikenthali de Man.
Ses. (Parases.) carolinensis Rathbun.
Ses. (Parases.) catenata Ortmann.
Ses. (Ses.) celebensis Schenkel.
Ses. (Ses.) clavicruris Schenkel.
Ses. (Ses.) cruciata Birger.
*Ses: (Hol.) dehaani H. Milne-Edwards.
Ses. (Ses.) demani Biirger.
Ses. (Parases.) dumacensis Rathbun.
Ses. (Chirom.) dussumiert TH. Milne-Edwards.
*Ses. (Parases.) edamensis de Man.
* Ses. (Ses.) edwardsi de Man with subsp. *brevipes de Man, crassimana de Man, /aevimana Zehntner and philippinensis Rathbun.
Ses. (Hol.) elongata A. Milne-Edwards.
* Ses. (Parases.) erythrodactyla Hess with subsp. africana Ortmann.
Ses. (Hol.) eulimene de Man.
* Ses. (Chirom.) eumolpe de Man.
* Ses. (Hol.) eydouxt H. Milne-Edwards.
Ses. (Parases.) fasciata Lanchester.
Ses. (Ses.) finnt Alcock.
* Ses. (Ses.) gracilipes H. Milne-Edwards.
* Ses. (Hol.) granosimana Miers.
Ses. (Chirom.) guttata A. Milne-Edwards.
*Ses. (Hol.) haematocheiy (de Haan).
Ses. (Chirom.) haswelli de Man.
* Ses. (Ses.) tmpressa H. Milne-Edwards.
* Ses. (Ses.) indica TH. Milne-Edwards.
* Ses. (Ses.) intermedia (de Haan).
* Ses. (Ses.) jacobsoni Thle.
Ses. (Ses.) jousseaumet Nobili.
Ses. (Ses.) kraussi de Man.
Ses. (Ses.) laevis A. Milne-Edwards.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
(Ses.) lafondi Jacquinot et Lucas.
. (Ses.) lanata Alcock. . (Hol.) latifemur Alcock.
(Parases.) lenzii de Man.
(Ses.) leprosa Schenkel.
(Parases.) leptosoma Hilgendorf. (Hol.) limbensis Rathbun. (Chirom.) livida A. Milne-Edwards. (Ses.) longipes Krauss
(Ses.) maculata de Man.
(Ses.) meinerti de Man.
(Parases.) melissa de Man.
. (Ses.) mindanaoensis Rathbun. . (Ses.) minuta de Man.
(Ses.) modesta de Man.
. (Ses.) moeschii de Man. (Parases.) moluccensis de Man with subsp. jamelensis Rathbun.
(Parases.) murrayt Calman. (Ses.) nannophyes de Man.
. (Hol.) neglecta de Man. . (Ses.) nodulifera de Man with subsp. conferta Ortmann. . (Hol.) obesa Dana.
. (Hol.) obtusifrons Dana.
. (Ses.) ocypoda with subsp. *gracillima de Man. . (Chirom.) onychophora de Man.
. (Ses.) palawanensis Rathbun.
. (Parases.) pangauranensis Rathbun.
. (Ses.) pentagona Hutton.
. (Ses.) peraccae Nobili.
(Parases.) picta (de Haan).
. (Parases.) plicata Latreille.
. (Ses.) polita de Man.
. (Ses.) pontianacensis de Man.
. (Ses.) rotundata Hess.
. (Ses.) rotundifrons A. Milne-Edwards.
(Hol.) rupicola Stimpson.
. (Chirom.) sempert Biirger. . (Chirom.) siamensis Rathbun.
(Ses.) sinensis H. Milne-Edwards.
s. (Ses.) smithii H. Milne-Edwards.
(Hol.) stormi de Man.
’y RLIKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 231
Ses. (Ses.) sylvicola de Man.
*Ses. (Ses.) taentolata White with subsp. *crebrestriata Tesch. Ses. (Ses.) tetragona Fabricius.
Ses. (Ses.) thelxinoé de Man.
Ses. (Ses.) tiomanensis Rathbun.
*Ses. (Ses.) trapezoidea Guérin.
Ses. (Parases.) vestita Stimpson.
Ses. (Ses.) vicentensis Rathbun.
* Ses. (Hol.) villosa A. Milne-Edwards.
Ses. (Ses.) webert de Man. -
* Metases. aubryi A. Milne-Edwards. * Metases. rousseauat H. Milne-Edwards. Metases. trapezium (Dana).
Sarm. birot Nobili.
*Sarm. crassum Dana.
*Sarm. fryatti Tesch.
Sarm. indicum (A. Milne-Edwards) with subsp. malabaricum Henderson. Sarm. terme de Man.
Sarm. integrum (A. Milne-Edwards).
*Sarm. punctatum (A. Milne-Edwards).
Clistoc. balansae A. Milne-Edwards. *Clistoc. merguiense de Man. *Chlistoc. tectum (Rathbun).
Of the 123 species of Sesarma no less than 93, more than 75°/,, living in the Indo-Pacific region. Some of these species have an extre- mely wide range, occurring from East Africa and Madagascar to New Caledonia and the Fiji Islands; others are very local. The Red Sea, that has no fresh water at all at its coasts, possesses only a single species (Ses. jousseaumei) and this has not been found elsewhere.
The only subregion seems to be Japan; at least I am inclined to believe, that nearly all the species of Sesarma recorded from Japanese and neighbouring seas, down to Cochinchina and the Gulf of Siam, do not oceur elsewhere. These species are: Ses. bidens, dehaani, haematocheir, intermedia, neglecta, picta, plicata, rupicola, sinensis and vestita. Some of these (bidens, picta) are recorded from some localities in the Indian Ocean or the Malay Archipelago, but in the case of Ses. bidens all specimens from other localities than Japan are perhaps to be referred to the sub-
16 (20—V11—1917)
are
232 _ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN " — - DEEL Ht
species indica, and in the case of Ses. picta the records from the Indian Ocean and even of South Africa are not at all certain. Only Ses. plicata (= quadrata) is a very widely-spread species. The occurrence of Ses.. haematocheir at Singapore must be regarded either as quite exceptional or even accidental.
Of the Indo-Pacific species of Sesarma 14 (6) belong to the subgenus Holometopus, 51 (24) to Sesarma s.s., 19(9) to Parasesarma and 9 (4) to Chiromantes. Of all the 93 species the Museum contains 43, and the numbers in brackets indicate how these are distributed over the four subgenera. At the close of this paper I have given a key to all the Indo-Pacific species of the genera here spoken of.
The West African region contains the following species:
*Ses. (Chirom.) africana H. Milne-Edwards.
*Ses. (Hol.) angolensis Brito Capello ').
*Ses. (Hol.) biittikofert de Man '). " * Ses. (Hol.) elegans Herklots.
*Ses. (Chirom.) kamermant de Man.
Ses. (Hol.) roberti H. Milne-Edwards.
* Sarm. curvatum i. Milne-Edwards.
These species have been enumerated already by Miss Rathbun (see note on this page). Of the 6 species of Sesarma 4 belong to Holometopus and 2 to Chiromantes, the subgenera Parasesarma and Sesarma s.s. being not at all represented; Parasesarma is wholly confined to the Indo- Pacific region.
As in many other instances both coasts of the Atlantic have some forms in common, viz. Ses. africana and Ses. roberti; the first of these is at least recorded by Miss Rathbun from Barbados, and the second seems to have its principal habitat in the West Indies. These are the only instances of species of the genus Sesarma, occurring in two of the four areas of distribution.
With the exception of Ses. roberti all the West African species are contained in the Leiden Museum; in 3 cases (Ses. biittikofert, elegans and kamermani) the type-specimens are even present; and the only species of Sarmatium is represented by the type-specimens of Ses. violacea Herklots.
In the Kast American region the following species have been found : ,
1) This species has been erroneously referred by Miss Rathbun (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., y. 22, 1900, p. 280) to Parasesarma.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN.
bo oo | OO
Ses. (Chirom.) africana H. Milne-Edwards. *Ses. (Hol.) angustipes Dana.
*Ses. (Hol.) benedicti Rathbun.
Ses. (Ses.) bidentata Benedict.
Ses. (Hol.) cinerea (Bose).
Ses. (Ses.) crassipes Cado.
*Ses. (Ses.) curacaoensis de Man.
Ses. (Hol.) hanseni Rathbun.
Ses. (Ses.) jarvisi Rathbun.
Ses. (Hol.) miersii Rathbun.
*Ses. (Hol.) recta Randall.
Ses. (Ses.) reticulata Say.
* Ses. (Hol.) ricordi H. Milne-Edwards and subsp. terrestris Verrill. * Ses. (Hol.) roberti H. Milne-Edwards.
Ses. (Hol.) rubripes Rathbun.
Ses. (Hol.) tampicensis Rathbun.
Ses. (Ses.) verleyi Rathbun.
Sarm. pectinatum H. Milne-Edwards.
Thus there are 17 species of Sesarma (10 of Holometopus, 6 of Sesarma s.s. and 1 of Chiromantes). So, along both coasts of the Atlantic, Holo- metopus furnishes most of the Sesavina-species, unlike the ratio of numbers in the Indo-Pacific region. The majority of species has been found in the West Indies, and two species from these islands are also found at the opposite coast of West Africa (Ses. africana and Ses. roberti, see preceding page). One species (Ses. reticulata) extends far to the north, even to New Haven, where, according to 8. J. Smith, it inhabits salt marshes. On the Bermudas two species are found: Ses. cinerea and Ses. ricordi, the latter with the subspecies terrestris. The Leiden Museum contains 6 of the 17 Sesarma-species here enumerated.
Miss Rathbun (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vy. 11, 1897, p. 97) has given a very useful, though rather concise, key to all the American species of Sesarma. Since then, however, several new species haye been made known (Ses. jarvisi, tampicensis and verleyi by the same author, and the subsp. terrestris of Ses. ricordi by Verrill).
The West American region contains only the following species:
Ses. (Ses.) aequatorialis Ortmann.
Ses. (Hol.) angusta Smith.
Ses. (Ses.) barbimana Cano.
Ses. (Hol.) biolleyi Rathbun.
234 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
Ses. (Hol.) festae Nobili.
Ses. (Hol.) occidentalis Smith.
Ses. (Ses.) ophioderma Nobili.
Ses. (Ses.) rhizophorae Rathbun.
Ses. (Ses.) sulcata Smith.
Of these 9 species 4 belong to Holometopus and 5 to Sesarma s.s. In Miss Rathbun’s key to the American Sesarmae, above referred to, these species are included '), with exception of Ses. biolleyi, festae, ophioderma and rhizophorae, that were afterwards described by the author herself and by Nobili. The majority of the species are from Central America; at the coast of California the genus does not seem to be at all répresen- ted, and south of Ecuador I know only of one single species (Ses. bar- bimana from Peru) *). I have scarcely any doubt, that further collections from these little-explored regions will furnish several new forms of Sesarma.
None of the West American species of this genus are contained in the Leiden Museum.
III. Key to the Indo-Pacific species of Sesarma, Metasesarma, Sarmatium and Clistocoeloma.
The four genera may be characterized by the following key:
1 Outer antennae not excluded from the orbit. 2 Outer antennae excluded from the orbit: the inner border of the latter with a prominent triangular lobe, that meets a projection of the lateral corner of the front, though there may remain a narrow gap between the inner orbital lobe and the front. 3
2 Carapace flattened or convex, with distinct and deeply separated postfrontal lobes; front vertically and generally abruptly deflexed ; last segment of abdomen of o usually shorter than broad at the base, that of © (in adult specimens) deeply impacted in the foregoing segment.
Sesarma.
Carapace very convex; postfrontal lobes rounded-off anteriorly, not prominent; front obliquely deflexed, gradually declivous ; last segment of abdomen of cj longer than broad at the base, that of 9 not deeply impacted in the penultimate segment. Sarmatium.
1) Ses. aequatorialis has heen afterwards added by the author on p. 112.
2) In Miss Rathbun’s list of the Decapod Crustaceans from Peru and the adjacent coasts (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v. 38, 1910, p. 590) six of the species here enumerated are recorded. In this paper the whole coast from Panama to Chiloé is taken into account,
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 235
3 Carapace smooth, sltining, hairless; lateral margins not toothed behind the external orbital angles; postfrontal lobes only indicated by very narrow and short grooves, rather sharp anteriorly. | Metasesarma.
Carapace very uneven, covered (like the legs) with a dense fur; lak al margin toothed behind the external orbital angles; postfrontal lobes distinct, rounded off anteriorly, concealed beneath the general hairy coating. Clistocoeloma.
A. Sesarma.
Key to the subgenera:
1 Lateral margins of carapace not dentate behind the external orbital angles, or at most with traces of teeth. 2 Lateral margins of carapace always dentate behind the external orbital angles. 3 2 Upper part of palm of chela either smooth or (in rare cases) with a single longitudinal pectinated crest. Holometopus.
Upper part of palm with 2—3 transverse pectinated crests;
superior border of movable finger mostly with a row of transverse tubercles. Parasesarma.
3 Upper part of palm of chela nearly always without pectinated crest; such a crest is present in some cases, but always longi- tudinal. Sesarma 8.8.
Upper part of palm of cheliped always with 2—3 transverse pectinated crests; superior border of movable finger with a longi- tudinal row of transverse tubercles. Chiromantes ').
1. Holometopus.
1 Postfrontal lobes very inconspicuous, upper border of the front being perfectly straight and only with a very narrow incision in
1) This subgenus was first established by ‘de Man (1887) and afterwards (1895) called by him Perisesarma; Miss Rathbun however recently (1909) changed this name into Chiromantes. | could not make ont the reason of this, but the latter name has been used in 1848 bij Gistel (Naturgesch. d. Tierreichs, p. X, according to the ,,[ndex Zool.” of the Zoological Record 1880—1900, 1902, p. 72, and Carus’ and Engelmann’s Biblioth. Zool., Bd 1, 1861, p. 250). As the paper of Gistel is often quoted by Miss Rathbun, it must be supposed that the name Chiromantes has been proposed by Gistel to receive a species of Perisesarma,
:
t
236
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL II.
the middle, separating the median lobeS one from another; inner and outer lobes mostly not separated at all. Carapace smooth, perfectly hairless, with mesogastric region scarcely indicated. Front flattened, not rugose, with anterior margin not emarginated. Lateral margins of carapace convex, areuate. Walking legs slender. Upper border of movable finger of cheliped smooth in full-grown specimens, with a row of transverse tubercles in young specimens. Ses. haematocheir (de Haan). Postfrontal lobes distinct, Carapace with regions better marked out, sometimes hairy. 2
Inner edge of carpopodite (wrist) of cheliped rounded or at least not conspicuously prominent. 3 Inner edge of carpopodite distinctly produced. 12
Mobile finger of cheliped transversely striated or tuberculated. 4 5 = i ‘ smooth or armed with longitudinally ~ disposed tubercles or spines. 9
Upper margin of palm with longitudinal pectinated crest '), cons- isting of minute, horny-coloured teeth, close together.
Upper margin of palm without pectinated crest, sometimes with a single granulated line. 7
Mobile finger of cheliped at upper border with about 40 small transverse ridges. Carapace flattened, with parallel sides; distance between external orbital angles somewhat less than length of carapace (at least in adult specimens). Meropodites of walking legs foliaceous, breadth more than half their length; dactyli very short. Ses. elongata A. Milne-Edwards.
Distance between external orbital angles exceeding length of carapace. Meropodites of walking legs less enlarged, breadth less than half their length; dactyli longer. 6
Sides of carapace parallel; surface punctate, not hairy. Crest on upper margin of palm consisting of 20—25 brown, obtuse teeth, continued towards the carpal articulation into a granulated line; mobile finger at upper border with a row of 11—12 transverse tu-
1) At least in the “; in the © the crest is often replaced by a row of obtuse granules,
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 237
a =
bercles on the proximal half, each of which with a narrow, smooth stripe in its longer axis; distal half of mobile finger with 3—4 longer, less prominent tubercles and numerous transverse, somewhat convex ridges. Ses. eulimene de Man.
Sides of carapace divergent posteriorly; surface with nume- rous tufts of hairs, looking like small tubercles. Crest on upper margin of palm consisting of 25—30 minute, horny-coloured teeth; mobile finger with 15—16 smooth, transverse tubercles, each of which has a shallow and narrow groove in its longer axis. Meropodites of walking legs at the anterior margin with a little prominent, rectan-
gular, subdistal tooth. Ses. villosa A. Mille-Edwards. 7 Length of carapace less than distance between external orbital angles; sides not divergent posteriorly. 8
Length of carapace more than distance between external orbital angles; sides divergent posteriorly. Mobile finger of cheliped with a milled crest consisting of about 40 teeth. Meropodites of walking legs much foliaceous, less than twice as long as broad; dactyli short, less than half the length of the very robust propodites.
Ses. latifemur Alcock ').
8 Sides. of carapace nearly parallel, only slightly converging poste- riorly. Mobile finger of cheliped with 8—9 scalariform tubercles in o', 5—6 in Q. Meropodites of walking legs more than twice as long as broad, with acuminate spine near the distal end of the anterior margin; propodites slender, more than 4 time’ as long as broad; dactyli short, not half the length of the preceding joint. Ses. limbensis Rathbun.
Sides of carapace distinctly converging posteriorly, immediately behind the external orbital angles. Mobile finger of cheliped at upper border with 15—20 smooth, transverse ridges. Meropodites of walking legs foliaceous, less than twice as long as broad, with rectangular, not acuminate, spine near the distal end of the anterior margin ; propodites broad, about 2'/, times as long as broad; dactyli rather long, slightly shorter than the preceding joint. Ses. stormé de Man.
1) As Alcock himself admits, his species bears a very striking resemblance to Ses, elongata A. Milne-Edwards and it is not improbable, that these species are identical, but in Ses. datifemur no mention is made of the pectinated crest near the upper border of the palm of the cheliped (though something of this kind is indicated in Alcock’s figure) and the sides of the carapace are decidedly divergent posteriorly” (Alcock), not ,nearly parallel” (de Man, 1892, in his description of the type-specimen of Ses. elongata). Moreover the former species has a comparatively much longer and narrower carapace.
238 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
9 Sides of carapace straight, not convexly arched. 10 Sides of carapace rather regularly convexly arched; greatest breadth
of carapace considerably more than length. Front high, perpendicularly curved; anterior margin regularly convex in Q, if viewed from above, in o with very slight emargination. Postfrontal lobes rounded off, not sharp anteriorly. Inner surface of palm of cheliped with prominent, curved crest, consisting of 10—11 granules. — Ses. obtusifrons Dana.
10 Upper border of mobile finger of cheliped with 2—3 longitudinal rows of very small tubercles. Japanese species, living on rocks below high-water mark, exposed to the surf; breadth of carapace about 20 mm. Ses. rupicola Stimpson.
Upper border of mobile finger of cheliped smooth or provided at most with very small tubercles, irregularly disposed. Species living on banks near brackish water; breadth of carapace exceeding 25mm. 11
11 Carapace nearly quadrate, length nearly equal to distance between external orbital angles; sides slightly divergent posteriorly. Anterior margin of front deeply emarginate. Ses. dehaani H.Milne-Edwards ').
Carapace longer, length distinctly less than distance between external orbital angles; sides convergent posteriorly. Anterior margin of front with a shallow and indistinct emargination. Ses. neglecta de Man.
12 Upper margin of palm with a distinct, horny-coloured, granulate crest. Mobile finger of cheliped furnished with 13—15 obtuse, spiniform tubercles. Ses. eydouxt H. Milne-Edwards.
Upper margin of palm without a continuous granulate crest. Mobile finger of cheliped with 8—9 acute tubercles. Ses. granosimana Miers. 2. Sesarma 8.8.
(Ses. pentagona Hutton is not included in this key, on account of its being quite insufficiently known.
1 Distance between external orbital angles more than or equal to (in rare cases even slightly less than) the length of the carapace in the median line. 2
1) Ses. obesa Dana is evidently nearly related to this species, but it is much smaller (length of carapaee 6 mm., breadth 6.75 mm.), the palm seems to be very high, and the length of the movable finger equals the height of the palm; the walking legs are much less hairy than those of Ses. dehaani,
ave
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — 239
Distance between external orbital angles distinetly less than the length of the carapace in the median line. 42
bo
Carapace and legs closely covered with a dense fur amid which are “freely scattered little dense, adherent tufts of hair resembling tubercles” (Alcock); on either side of the carapace two obtuse epi- branchial teeth, of the same shape and size as the external orbital angle; sides of carapace parallel. Upper border of palm of cheliped with a longitudinal crest. Meropodites of walking legs broad, though the breadth is less than half the length; apparently without subdistal tooth at the anterior margin. Small species, breadth of carapace about
10 mm. Ses. lanata Alcock '). These characters not combined. 3 3 Median postfrontal lobes narrower than outer ones; anterior
margin of front nearly straight in the middle; sides of carapace pa- rallel. Upper border of movable finger of cheliped at base with 2—3 smooth, oblique pliae, elsewhere smooth; upper border of palm with some oblique rows of ‘granules. Small species with a breadth of cara- pace of less than 10 mm. Ses. nannophyes de Man.
These characters not combined. 4
4 Upper border of palm provided with longitudinal pectinated crest, consisting of minute, horny-coloured teeth, placed close together. 5 Upper margin of palm without such a pectinated crest, in some cases with a longitudinal row of granules. 6
D Carapace flattened, subquadrate, with nearly parallel sides, and very small tufts of hair on the anterior part; second epibranchial tooth scarcely indicated. Pectinated crest at upper border of palm of cheliped consisting of about 35 teeth; upper border of movable finger with about 25 transverse tubercles, each of which is provided with a smooth stripe along the longitudinal axis of the tubercle. Walking legs rather long and slender, dactyli short. Middle-sized species, maximum breadth of carapace reaching to about 26 mm.
Ses. brockii de Man. Carapace flattened, much more broad than long, with sides con-
1) It is with some doubt, that this species is included here, for the whule appearance of the animal reminds one strongly of Clistocoeloma rather than of Sesarma. On the other hand it must not be forgotten that in the preceding subgenus Ses. vi//osa A. Milne-Edwards. that is a true Sesarma, bears a similar resemblance to Clistocoeloma.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
vergent posteriorly ; numerous tufts of hair on anterior parts of cara- pace; anterior epibranchial tooth well developed, acutely prominent; a second very small one may be present. Pectinated crest at upper border of palm of cheliped consisting of about 60 teeth; upper border of movable finger very regularly and transversely milled by minute grooves; in this way a longitudinal row of about 60 transverse, horny- coloured tubercles is formed; inner surface of palm with transverse granulated crest, that is very prominent in ©. Large species, distance between external orbital angles reaching to about 40 mm.
Ses. taeniolata White '). »
Upper border of palm of cheliped with longitudinal row of gra- nules, that of movable finger either regularly transversely milled or with a longitudinal keel (near base of finger) or groove. Walking legs very robust, meropodites foliaceous, their breadth being about half their length. Large species, distance between external orbital
angles 30—40 mm. i These characters not combined. 9 Upper border of movable finger with about 25 transverse grooves,
leaving the distal third of the finger free. Sides of carapace distinctly convergent posteriorly. Ses. palawanensis Rathbun.
Upper border of movable finger with a longitudinal keel near base or a groove. Sides of carapace (at least in adult specimens) nearly parallel. 8
Upper border of movable finger with a longitudinal keel. Ses. lafondi Jacquinot et Lueas. Upper border of movable finger with a longitudinal groove, in which 9—10 small tubercles are placed. Ses. tetragona (Habricius).
Posterior margin of meropodites of walking legs with one larger tooth, and between this and the carpal joint 2—3 smaller teeth. Sides of carapace much convergent posteriorly. Wrist and outer surface of palm of chelipeds covered with a woolly fur. Small species, distance
between external orbital angles 5 mm. Ses. minuta de Man. Posterior margin of meropodites of walking legs always without any tooth, at most faintly crenulate. 10
1) The subspecies crebrestriata described by me in this paper (p. 203) may be distinguished
especially by the number of the transverse tubercles at upper border of movable finger (85—90),
that
are much smaller and narrower than those of the genuine ¢aeniolata. | have already refer-
red (l.c.) to the probability of this subspecies being the ~ of Ses. Zafondi Jacquinot et Lucas.
’s RIJKS ) MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. IAA
10
AE
12
13
14
Outer surface of palm of cheliped with a brush of longer hair. Carapace and legs covered with short hairs and tufts of longer hairs, as in Ses. lanata Alcock; sides of carapace nearly parallel, somewhat convergent posteriorly. Small species, distance between ex- ternal orbital angles 5 mm.; in the Red Sea. Ses. jousseaumet Nobili.
Outer surface of palm of cheliped without a brush of hair. 11
Sides of carapace very strongly divergent posteriorly. Walking legs very much elongated, penultimate pair of legs 3—4 times as long as distance between external orbital angles. 12
Sides of carapace much less divergent posteriorly. Walking legs much shorter, at least less than 3 times the distance between external orbital angles. 13
Penultimate pair of walking legs about 4 times as long as the distance between the external orbital angles; propodite about 5 times as long as broad. A longitudinal row of 8—10 acute tubercles along the middle of the external surface of the immobile finger. Two epi- branchial teeth on either side of the carapace behind external orbital angle; anterior margin of front rather deeply emarginate in the middle. Middle-sized species, greatest breadth of carapace about 18 mm.
Ses. kraussi de Man.
Penultimate pair of walking legs about 3 times as long as the distance between the external orbital angles; propodite about 3 times as long as broad. A longitudinal row of about 10 tubercles along the inferior border of the immobile finger. One single epibranchial tooth on either side of the carapace behind external orbital angle; anterior margin of front nearly straight. Middle-sized species, of the size of the preceding. Ses. longipes Krauss,
Two epibranchial teeth behind external orbital angle on either side of the carapace, the posterior still very distinct, prominent and acute; carapace very convex in longitudinal direction, and covered with bale tufts of hair on the anterior parts, distinetly broader between external orbital angles than long. Upper margin of arm of cheliped armed with an acute, very strong tooth near the distal end; inner angle of wrist produced into a spine. Large species, distance between external orbital angles 35—40 mm. , 14
These characters not combined. 15
Mesogastric region of carapace smooth. Anterior margin of front with a dle and narrow emargination. Ses. indica H. Milne-Edwards.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL /11.
15
16
Ly
Mesogastric region of carapace with a median ridge. Anterior margin of front with a faint and broad emargination. Ses. tiomanensis Rathbun.
Walking legs slender; meropodites of penultimate pair at least 2'/, times as long as broad. Mostly small species. 16 Walking legs shorter, more robust; meropodites of penultimate pair about twice as long as broad. 32
Epibranchial teeth on either side of carapace, behind external or- bital angle, very minute, not prominent, scarcely indicated by a thickening of the margin, both of equal shape; sides of carapace parallel, at least in their posterior half. Upper border of palm of cheliped defined by a longitudinal row of minute granules, that is, however, sometimes discontinuous. Postfrontal lobes sharpened ante- riorly ; front with nearly straight anterior margin. Walking legs very long and slender. 17
Sides of carapace generally divergent posteriorly, rarely subparal- lel; distance between external orbital angles thus in most cases less than breadth of carapace at the level of the penultimate pair of legs; external orbital angle always defined posteriorly by a distinct incision, so that an epibranchial teeth, of the same general shape as the pre- ceding tooth, though generally smaller and less acute, is formed; generally a trace of a second epibranchial tooth is present. 18
Superior and anterior border of arm of cheliped without subdistal tooth; outer surface of palm granulated, in the middle of the outer surface generally some tubercles unite to form an acuminate, prominent knob, that gives a characteristic appearance to the palm when looked at from above; upper border of palm with a gra-
‘nulated row, which is, however, often disconnected and interrupted
18
at one or more places; upper border of movable finger with a longi- tudinal row of 12—16 acute spines with horny-coloured tips in o’, with 5—6 sharpened granules only in 9. Ses. gracilipes H. Milne-Edwards. Superior and anterior border of arm of cheliped with an acute tooth; outer surface of palm granulated, regularly convex, upper border “traversed, fore and aft ....... by a fine and finely milled ridge” (Alcock). Ses. finni Alcock.
Sides of carapace subparallel; width of front distinctly more than half the distance between external orbital angles. Middle-
19
20
21
22
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 243
sized species, distance between external orbital angles 18—22 mm. ; in Chinese and Japanese seas. 19
Sides of carapace always more or less divergent posteriorly; width of front generally equal to half the distance between external orbital angles. Small species, distance between ex- ternal orbital angles generally less than 14 mm. 20
A trace of a second epibranchial tooth present. Outer surface of palm of cheliped granulate, with an obliquely-longitudinal line in the middle, and beneath this line a defined group of larger granules. Meropodites of walking legs only 2'/, times as long as broad.
Ses. intermedia de Haan.
No trace of a second epibranchial tooth. Outer surface of palm of cheliped finely granulate. Meropodites of walking legs more slender, three times as long as broad. Ses. sinensis H. Milne-Edwards.
Protogastric region of the carapace smooth and shining, not tuber- culate, only finely punctate; median postfrontal lobes twice as broad as the external. Outer surface of palm of cheliped perfecly smooth, inner surface without transverse crest; upper border of movable finger wholly covered with irregularly-arranged, minute granules.
Ses. thelxinoé de Man.
Protogastric region of the carapace, like the rest, granulate, tuber- culate, or hairy; median postfrontal lobes only 1'/, times as broad as the external. Outer surface of palm of cheliped generally gra-
nulate. 21 Width of front (between eye-stalks) distinctly more than half the distance between external orbital angles. 22 Width of front (between eye-stalks) about exactly equal to or less than distance between external orbital angles. 24 Surface of carapace roughly pitted, with tufts of hair in most of
the pits; behind each postfrontal lobe a tubercle, with a bunch of hair, the external of nearly the same size as the lobes and farther forward than the median ones. Inner surface of palm of cheliped smooth. Meropodites of walking legs 2'/, times as long as broad.
Ses. mindanaoensis Rathbun.
Surface of carapace granulate, with some very small tufts of hair, but no larger, tufted tubercle behind each postfrontal lobe. Inner surface of palm of cheliped with transverse, sometimes even prominent,
23
24
25
26
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
row of granules. Meropodites of walking legs nearly 3 times as long as broad, in Q apparently somewhat broader than in the ©. 23
Lateral margins of external orbital angles subparallel, longer than those of the epibranchial teeth; anterior margin of front with a deep emargination. Inner surface of palm of cheliped with prominent transverse crest, the edge of which is granulate.
Ses. angustifrons A. Milne-Edwards.
Lateral margins of external orbital angles much converging posteriorly, shorter than those of epibranchial teeth; anterior margin of front with a shallow emargination, not visible in front view; a transverse ridge on the surface of the front, on either side of the median emargination, about as broad as the inner postfrontal lobes, and near to the lower margin of the front. Inner surface of palm of cheliped with granular, transverse, not prominent row.
Ses. amphinome de Man.
Upper border of movable finger of cheliped very minutely trans- versely grooved. 25 Upper border of movable finger of cheliped mostly with a longi- tudinal row of spinules. 26
Carapace punctate, with isolated small tufts of hair; lateral margin of external orbital angle longer than that of epibranchial tooth; distance between external orbital angles always less than length of carapace in the median line. Upper border of movable finger of cheliped granulate at base and with about 50 transverse grooves.
Ses. weberi de Man.
Carapace very strongly and closely granulate; lateral margin of external orbital angle shorter than that of epibranchial tooth; distance between external orbital angles equal to or slightly exceeding the length of the carapace in the median line. Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with numerous transverse grooves, at the inside of which a longitudinal row of 6—7 denticles is found.
Ses. leprosa Schenkel.
Upper border of movable finger of cheliped rather irregularly granulate, the granules occupying the proximal two-thirds of the finger, 8—10 of which are dentiform; under margin of immobile finger den- tate; inner surface of palm with transverse row of granules.
Ses. perraccae Nobili.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN.
245
27
28
29
30 |
dl
Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with a longitudinal
row of spinules or tubercles. 27 Distance between external orbital angles larger than that bet- ween anterior epibranchial teeth. 28 Distance between external orbital angles equal to that between anterior epibranchial teeth. 31 Upper margin of movable finger of cheliped armed with a longi-
tudinal row of 5—6 spinules, at its proximal half only; outer surface of palm. nearly smooth, punctate, near upper border sharply granulated and provided with obliquely-longitudinal and discontinuous lines of granules. Ses. vicentensis Rathbun.
Upper margin of movable finger of cheliped armed with a longi- tudinal row of 9—13 spinules or tubercles (less in Q), occupying the larger part of the finger; outer surface of palm granulate. 29
Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with 12—13 knob-like tubercles (somewhat less in Q), each of which tubercles is surrounded by an ovoid patch. Eggs of 9 few in number and large (subg. (eo- sesarma de Man). Species living on Java. Ses. nodulifera de Man ').
Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with a row of acute spinules. 30
Carapace finely granulate, flattened, Upper border of movable finger of cheliped at inside with a row of 9—10 acute tubercles (somewhat less in Q and in young specimens). Dactyli of walking legs, save in the case of the last pair, shorter than the preceding joints.
Ses. aranea Nobili.
Carapace much more strongly granulate, rugose, con- vex in longitudinal direction. Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with a row of 13—15 acute denticles. Dactyli of walking legs about as long as preceding joints. Ses. ocypoda Nobili *).
Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with a longitudinal row of 6—7 acute denticles. Posterior margin of penultimate segment
1) The subspecies conferta Ortmann is distinguished by more numerous and more crowded
tubercles on the movable finger.
2) The subspecies gracillima de Man is distinguished by less numerous spinules on the
movable finger, the proximal 4—5 of which are not directed obliquely forward, but perpendicu- larly to the long axis of the finger. Besides, the emargination of the front is deeper and narrower.
246 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
of abdomen of co very broad, somewhat less than three times the length of this segment. Eggs of 9 few in number and large (subg. Geosesarma de Man). Ses. sylvicola de Man.
Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with a longitudinal row of 9—10 acute denticles. Posterior margin of penultimate segment of abdomen of © short, less than twice the length of this segment. Eggs of 2 small and numerous. Ses. maculata de Man.
32 Outer surface of palm of cheliped concave or at least much flattened in dorsal view, so that a sharpened edge is formed near the carpal joint; palm very high, closely granulate. Carapace convex ; with rather prominent, sharp postfrontal lobes; sides subparallel.
Ses. bocourti A. Milne-Edwards. Outer surface of palm of cheliped regularly convex in dorsal view. 33
33 Carapace strongly vaulted in longitudinal direction, with bunches of black hairs on the anterior part; epibranchial teeth nearly always reaching much farther outward than external orbital angles (especially so in the case of 9); side margins of carapace distinctly converging posteriorly. Penultimate segment of abdomen of co narrow, only slightly broader at the posterior margin than long. Superior and anterior border of arm of cheliped wholly unarmed. Meropodites of walking legs rather slender, more than twice as long as broad. Large species, distance between external orbital angles rea- ching to 40 mm. 34
Carapace either naked or with sparse tufts of hair, in the neigh- bourhood of the postfrontal lobes and on the hepatic regions; distance between external orbital angles about equal to that between epibran-
chial teeth. 35 34 Posterior margin of carapace shorter than breadth of front, at least in the ¢'; ratio of greatest breadth of carapace to length as 100:233204): Ses. meinerti de Man.
Posterior margin of carapace longer than breadth of front; ratio of greatest breadth of carapace to length as 100: 79.4 ”). Ses. rotundifrons A. Milne-Edwards.
1) See de Man, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 2, 1887 p. 669 (2 ¢). 2) See A. Milne-Edwards. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, t. 5, 1869, Bull. p. 30 (1 ¢).
The difference between this species and the preceding remains doubtful, so long as nothing more definite is known about the species of Milne-Edwards, On p. 173 of the present paper I have pointed out, that also in the Q of Ses. meinerti the length of the posterior margin of the carapace may be longer than the width of the front between the eyes.
’s RIJTKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 247 85 Sides of carapace parallel in their anterior half (slightly concave
behind epibranchial teeth); distance between external orbital angles larger than or equal to that between epibranchial teeth. Middle-sized species, distance between external orbital angles 15—20 mm. 36
Sides of carapace not parallel; distance between external orbital angles nearly always less than that between anterior epibranchial teeth. 37
36 Anterior margin of front with a rather narrow and deep emar- gination; abdomen of © very broad, posterior margin of penultimate segment more than three times the length of this segment (save in subsp. crassimana de Man). Wrist of cheliped produced at inner angle; inner surface of palm granulate, without transverse crest.
Ses. edwardsi, de Man ').
Anterior margin of front nearly without median emargination ; abdomen of co much narrower, posterior margin of penultimate seg- ment about twice the length of this segment. Inner angle of wrist of cheliped obtuse; inner surface of palm with transverse gra-
nular crest. Ses. moeschii de Man. 37 Carapace flattened, smooth and shining, with indistinct regions. Small species, distance between external angles 10—11 mm. 38 Carapace vaulted, granulate or hairy, with distinct regions. — 39
38 Ratio of breadth of carapace to length as 100: 70; anterior margin of front nearly wholly straight. Ses. laevis A. Milne-Edwards.
Ratio of breadth of carapace (at anterior epibranchial teeth) to length as 100: 84.2; anterior margin of front emarginate ; side margins of carapace converging posteriorly. “Upper surface of palm flattened,
1) This species has been subdivided in no less than five subspecies, that may be distin- guished by the following key (only the 7):
1 Terminal segment of abdomen of ¢ not at all inserted in penultimate segment. 2 x 4 cs rf » » somewhat 5 3 ~ + 4 2 Outer surface of palm distinctly granulate. 3 » » » » feebly 3 or smooth. subsp. /aevimana Zehntner.
3 Penultimate segment of abdomen of # more than three times as broad at posterior margin as long. subsp. edwardsi de Man. Penultimate segment of abdomen of ,/ less than three times as broad at posterior margin as long. subsp. crassimana de Man. 4 Legs rather slender, as in typ. edwardsi; propodites of walking legs about 2'/, times as long (in the middle line) as broad. subsp. piilippinensis Rathbun. Legs rather robust, shortened and thick; propodites of walking legs about twice as long (in the middle line) as broad. subsp. dvevipes de Man. 17 (23—VII—1917).
39
40
41
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL 11.
limited outwardly by a smooth, blunt ridge and inwardly by an un- even granulated margin” (Rathbun); inner surface of palm with a transverse row of granules. Ses. aequifrons Rathbun.
Lateral margin of external orbital angle shorter than that of anterior epibranchial tooth. Small species, breadth of carapace about 10—13 mm.; in Celebes. 40
Lateral margin of external orbital angle at least equal to or longer than that of anterior epibranchial tooth. Inner angle of wrist of cheliped dentate. Large or middle-sized species, breadth of carapace 20—40 mm. 41
Meropodites of walking legs very broad, club-like, less than twice as long as broad, with very convex anterior border, and the greatest breadth lying near the distal end. Ses. clavicruris Schenkel.
Meropodites of walking legs slightly more than twice as long as broad, with feebly arcuate anterior border. Eggs of Q large and few in number (subg. Geosesarma de Man). Ses. celebensis Schenkel.
Anterior margin of front scarcely emarginate in the middle; post- frontal lobes in a straight line, the outer lobes being not more ad- vanced than the inner; distance between external orbital angles al- ways distinctly more than length of carapace in the median line. Superior border of arm of cheliped with an obtuse prominence near the distal end; outer surface of palm with many confluent and irre- gular wrinkles (at least in o’), inner surface without transverse row of granules; mobile finger at outer surface without concavity near base. Middle-sized species, breadth of carapace about 20 mm.
Ses. modesta de Man.
Anterior margin of front with a narrow and deep emargination ; external postfrontal lobes slightly more advanced than the median ones (at least in adult specimens); distance between external orbital angles not rarely equal to or even less than length of carapace in the median line. Superior border of arm of cheliped with an acute tooth near the distal end; outer surface of palm strongly granulate, inner surface with a transverse row of granules; outer surface of immobile finger with a large depression, that of mobile finger with a narrow, but rather deep, longitudinal. concavity near base. Large species, breadth of carapace reaching to nearly 40 mm.
/ Ses. impressa H, Milne-Edwards.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 249
42
43
44
45
46
47
Sides of carapace parallel, upper surface very much flattened,
smooth and shining; postfrontal lobes much prominent, sharply spi-
nulous at their anterior margin. Ses. polita de Man. Sides of carapace convexly arched or divergent posteriorly, surface uneven. 43
Chelipeds and walking legs much hairy; meropodites of the latter very broad, their length being only 1'/, times their greatest breadth, which is lying at the distal end. Postfrontal lobes very slightly pro- nounced, each of them tufted by long hairs. Very small species, breadth of carapace about 7—8 mm. Ses. pontianacensis de Man.
Chelipeds not hairy at all, at least not at the outer surface. of wrist, palm and fingers. Postfrontal lobes well indicated, sometimes rounded off at their anterior margin. 44
Sides of carapace convexly arched in their anterior half only, concave in their distal half; anterior epibranchial tooth with a very long lateral margin; second epibranchial tooth well indicated, prominent. Adult © with two black, blunt spines at upper border of mobile finger. Ses. smithi Tl. Milne-Edwards.
Sides of carapace convexly arched along their whole course, or divergent posteriorly ; second epibranchial tooth, if present at all, very minute. Upper margin of movable finger in adult < often with a longitudinal row of transverse tubercles or rounded knobs. 45
Greatest breadth of carapace lying at the level of the posterior epibranchial teeth; sides of carapace rather regularly convexly arched. 46 Greatest breadth of carapace lying ‘al the level of the penultimate part of legs; sides of carapace straight or even slightly concave, but always more or less divergent posteriorly. 47
Carapace flattened; inner postfrontal lobes nearly 3 times as broad as the outer ones. Inner angle of wrist of cheliped produced; upper margin of palm with a coarsely serrulate longitudinal crest. Dactyli of walking legs thickly tomentose, as also the outer border of the propodites. Ses. rotundata Hess.
Carapace more vaulted; inner postfrontal lobes nearly as broad as the outer ones. Walking legs with only some few isolated hairs.
Ses. cruciata Birger.
Upper border of mobile finger of cheliped with a rather sharp,
.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
49
but smooth keel, at the base of which some acute granules are found; at the inner side of this finger a longitudinal row of 9 tubercles (especially distinet in ©); imner surface of palm with a transverse row of granules. Postfrontal lobes sharpened, and, like the anterior margin of the front, denticulate anteriorly. Ses. demani Biirger.
Upper border of mobile finger of cheliped without a longitudinal keel, in adult © regularly transversely milled or provided with a row of tubercles. 48
Sides of carapace very strongly divergent posteriorly ; lateral margin of external orbital angle as long as that of anterior epibranchial tooth; ocular peduncles short, corneae small. Outer surface of palm of che- liped smooth; upper border of movable finger with a longitudinal row of 9—10 widely-separated knobs. Walking legs robust, but with much elongated carpo- and propodite (save in the first pair); dactyli of two last pairs of legs very long and slender, nearly as long as anterior (outer) margin of the preceding joints. Species living in subterranean rivers at south coast of Java. Ses. jaéobsoni Thle.
Sides of carapace much less strongly divergent posteriorly, nearly parallel. Upper border of movable finger of cheliped (in adult ©’) with regular transverse grooves. Postfrontal lobes much prominent and
sharp at anterior margin. 49 Carapace flattened, smooth, shining. Outer surface of palm of
cheliped (in adult <7) with a violet hue and a few very large, rounded, white tubercles; upper border of movable finger with a longitudinal row of 25
-30 small, smooth, transverse ribs (in the 9 the outer surface of the palm is light brown, and there are a great many more tubercles, that are much smaller; upper border of movable finger with some irregular granules). Walking legs robust; dactyli long, scarcely shorter than the preceding joints. Ses. atrorubens Hess.
Carapace more convex, with more distinct regions. Outer surface of palm of cheliped with some irregular granules; upper border of movable finger in adult (7 regularly and transversely milled (40—50 minute grooves), in Q smooth. Walking legs slender; propodites much elongated; daectyli very slender, though shorter than propodites (in
the individual variation longitarsis de Man this difference is however only very feebly marked). Ses. trapezoidea Guerin.
's RIJS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE _HISTORIE — _ LEIDEN. 251
3. Parasesarma ').
1 Posterior border of meropodites of walking legs with some spines near the distal end. 2 Posterior border of meropodites of walking legs without spines. 6
2 Fingers externally covered with woolly tufts of dark brown hair; upper border of movable finger with a row of 12 transverse tubercles.
Q ips * . Ses. batavica Moreira. (= Ses. barbimana de Man nec Cano). Fingers glabrous, without hairs. Margins of carapace rather strongly convergent posteriorly. 3
€
3 Upper border of palm of cheliped (in ¢’) with 2 pectinated ridges, that near the base of the movable finger being the longer. Carapace hairy. t
Upper border of palm of cheliped (in ¢’) with more than 3 oblique pectinated ridges. Carapace glabrous and shining. 5
4 Distance between external orbital angles 1'/, times the length of the. carapace in the median line. Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with a row of 11—13 transverse tubercles. Walking legs very short and thickened; carpo- and propodite nearly as broad long; dactyli very short, strongly curved. Ses. edamensis de Man.
Distance between external orbital angles only slightly more than ° length of carapace in the median line. Upper border of movable finger of cheliped smooth, with a sharpened, longitudinal keel. Walking legs
moderately long; dactyli very slender. Ses. vestita Stimpson. 4) Carapace smooth, punctate; sides not much convergent posteriorly ;
a trace of an anterior and even of a posterior epibranchal tooth may be seen on either side behind the external orbital angle *). Upper border of palm of cheliped (in ©) with two larger pectinated ridges and no less than 7—8 smaller ones; upper border of mobile finger with a longitudinal row of 13—14 transverse ridges. Meropodites of walking legs with 4—5 teeth at the posterior margin near the carpal joint, diminishing in size distally. Ses. aundersoni de Man.
1) The key to this subgenus has been constructed in the main after that of de Man (Notes Leyden Museum, v. 12, 1890, p. 97, and Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Bd. 9, 1895, p. 181). Of course the species described after the latter date are inserted.
2) By this character the species is approached to the subgenus Chiromantes, but here the epibranchial tooth is prominent and acute.
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
Carapace with numerous transverse striae, oblique on the branchial regions. Sides strongly convergent posteriorly, without a tooth behind the external orbital angle. Upper border of palm of cheliped with a
longitudinal line, with a number of oblique lines on the inner, and
some fainter ones on the outer sides; all these lines not pectinated, but beaded; upper border of mobile finger with some fine, oblique, beaded lines near the base. Meropodites of walking legs with 2—3 strong teeth at the posterior margin; meropodites of hinder legs moreover with 2 teeth, placed side by side, near the proximal end.
Ses. murrayt Calman.
Sides of carapace parallel. Transverse tubercles on upper border of mobile finger of cheliped smooth. 5
Sides of carapace convergent distally. pooTer v4 8
Upper border of mobile finger of cheliped with a row of 16 trans- verse tubercles, symmetrical with respect to the longer axis of the latter; inner surface of palm with a transverse row of granules. Width of front between the eyes only very slightly longer than half the distance between external orbital angles. Middle-sized species, distance between external orbital angles 20 mm. Ses. picta de Haan.
Upper border of mobile finger of cheliped with only 5—6 obscure, low tubercles, that (according to the figure of Lanchester) are not symmetrical with respect to the longer axis of the tubercles, as the proximal slope is longer than the distal one; inner surface of palm without transverse row of granules, smooth. Width of front between the eyes distinctly more than half the distance between external orbital angles. Small species, distance between external orbital angles about 9 mm. Ses. fasciata Lanchester.
Transverse tubercles on upper border of movable finger of cheliped symmetrical with respect to their longer axis, numbering 11—14, each of which has a narrow smooth stripe in its longer axis (,Chiton”-like). Meropodites of walking legs very broad, not exactly twice as long as broad. Ses. plicata (Latreille).
Transverse tubercles on upper border of movable finger of cheliped not symmetrical with respect to their longer axis, so that the proximal slope is longer or shorter than the distal one. 9
Proximal slope of the said transverse tubercles longer than distal one. 10
10
11
13
14
’s RIJKS M USEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 253
Proximal slope of the said transverse tubercles shorter than distal one. 18
Both fingers of cheliped at base of outer and inner surface and along cutting margins with numerous short hairs; upper border of movable finger with 4—5 elongated, longitudinal, oval tubercles, each of which is finely and transversely milled. Ses. catenata Ortmann.
Cheliped not hairy; tubercles at upper border of moyable finger separated from each other and transverse. 11
Upper border of movable finger of cheliped with 9—10 tubercles in co ({—8 in Q), that are smooth, rounded off. Dactyli of wal- king legs only a third of the length of the very much elongated and slender preceding propodites.
Ses. leptosoma Hilgendorf.
Dactyli of walking legs longer, not very much shorter than the preceding joints. 12
Pectinated ridge near upper border of palm of cheliped one, run- ning obliquely-longitudinal, not nearly transverse; tubercles at upper border of movable finger 7 in the proximal half, “each one is divided by a transverse line into a large proximal, and a small tuberculiform distal portion” (Rathbun). Ses. dumacensis Rathbun ').:
Pectinated ridges near upper border of palm of cheliped generally two, running obliquely-transyerse. 13
Inner surface of palm of cheliped with a transverse crest (in adult cj at least) or with a row of granules. 14
Inner surface of palm of cheliped without trace of a transverse crest. 16
Tubercles at upper border of movable finger 12—13 in o& (9— 10 much smaller ones in Q), the proximal slope of which is trans- versely vaulted and provided with 3-—-4 somewhat prominent, trans- verse ridges, the distal slope has likewise 2—3 of these ridges. Mero- podites of penultimate pair of walking legs broadened, twice as long as broad. Ses. calypso de Man *).
1) Of this species only the Q is known, and it cannot be said whether in the ~¢ also only
one pectinated ridge is found on the palm of the cheliped; frequently in the © of Parasesarma these pectinated ridges are greatly reduced in size, especially the hind one, and may be replaced even by granulate rows.
2) The subspecies ‘iikenthali de Man is distinguished by a smaller number of tubercles
(only 9 in the “), that are larger, and provided with 5—6 transverse ridges; moreover the transverse row of granules at the inner surface of the palm is quite absent.
15
16
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN = DEEL CL:
Tubercles at upper border of movable finger 20—25, not conspi- cuously transversely vaulted on the proximal part, but longitudinally striated. 15
Anterior margin of front faintly concave. Upper border of arm of cheliped ending in an obtuse angle, anterior border with a denticulate prominence near the distal end; inner surface of palm with a pro- minent, transverse crest; pectinated ridges running parallel to the oblique posterior margin of the upper surface of the palm; outer surface of immobile finger without longitudinal rim.
Ses. erythrodactyla Wess ').
Anterior margin of front widely but profoundly emarginate. Upper border of arm of cheliped terminating in an acute tooth, anterior border with a triangular spine; inner surface with a very short, eranulate, transverse crest of 6—7 granules (in ©); pectinated ridges running nearly parallel to the joint of the palm and the movable finger; proximal part of outer surface of immobile finger with a lon- gitudinal rim. Ses. bataviana de Man.
Meropodites of penultimate pair of legs slender, about 3 times as long as broad. “Outer postfrontal lobes scarcely more than half as wide as inner ones, their anterior margin being continued downward toward the lower outer angle of the front” (Rathbun); width of front between the eyes not reaching to half the distance between external orbital angles. Near the upper border of the palm of the cheliped there are three longitudinally-oblique ridges, nearly parallel to the oblique posterior margin of the palm; upper border of movable finger with about 11 very small and low tubercles on the proximal half.
Ses. pangauranensis Rathbun *).
Meropodites of penultimate pair of legs broader, twice as long as broad. Tubercles at upper border of movable finger of cheliped num- bering. 13—15. 17
1) The subspecies africana Ortmann is distinguished by the lesser development of the
prominent transverse crest at the inner surface of the palm, by the presence of an obtuse den- tate lobe at the anterior (inner) border of the arm of the cheliped and by longer dactyli of the ambulatory legs, these dactyli being nearly as long as the preceding joints.
2) Of this small species only the © is known; the ¢“ will perhaps present much more cha-
racteristic features. On the whole it may be said, that it is very diflicult to insert the species of Miss Rathbun (described in the Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, v. 47, 1914) in the present keys, as no figures have as yet been published.
’s RIFKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. — 255
17
18
Anterior margin of front only faintly concave. Ses. carolinensis Rathbun. Anterior margin of front wavy, with three emarginations, the median one the larger; outer postfrontal lobes only slightly narrower than the inner ones;- width of front between the eyes 57—60°/, of the distance between the external orbital angles. Ses. lenzii de Man.
Transverse tubercles on upper border of movable finger of cheliped 8—10, scalariform, distal slope vaulted, dull, not shining. Ses. moluccensis de Man '). Transverse tubercles on upper border of movable finger of cheliped 15—16, smooth, bright, horse-shoe shaped (distal portion concave). Ses. melissa de Man.
4, Chiromantes. .
Tubereles at upper bordes of movable finger of cheliped numbering 12—13, large, prominent, ,Chiton’-like (with a smooth stripe along their long axis, perpendicular to the longitudi- nal-axis of the finger; outer surface of immovable finger flat- tened, with a longitudinal rim; anterior margin of arm with a subdistal, acute prominence, which is itself defticulate. Posterior margin of penultimate segment of abdomen of o& not yet 1'/, times the length of this segment. Species living: at
the east coast of Africa. Ses. guttuta A. Milne-Edwards. Tubercles at upper border of movable finger of cheliped without a smooth stripe along their long axis. 2
Chelipeds equal: upper border of movable finger with a row of 12—13 tubercles, that are scalariform, flattened above and more or less declivous at their distal margin; inner surface of palm with very large spiniform granules, the largest of which are found in the middle of the inner surface, forming an in- distinct, transverse row; anterior (inner) margin of arm armed with a prominent, triangular tooth, the margins of which are denti- culate; superior border of arm unarmed; outer surface of immo-
1) In the subspecies jamelensis Rathbun the carapace is a little narrower in proportion
to its length and the front is also narrower in proportion to the distance between the external orbital angles; moreover the 9—10 tubercles on the upprr border of the movable finger are obliquely-transverse.
256 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
bile finger regularly convex, without longitudinal rim. Species
found in British India. : Ses. dussumiert. H. Milne-Edwards '). These characters not combined 3 3° Tubereles at upper border of movable. finger of cheliped scalari-
form, flattened above, asymmetrical. with respect to their long axis (which is perpendicular to the long axis of the finger), proximal slope longitudinally striated. 4
Tubercles at upper border of movable finger of cheliped symme- trical, proximal slope not longer than distal one, sometimes replaced by a row of spines. 6
4 Chelipeds unequal; upper border of movable finger with 18—19 tubercles; outer surface of immobile finger with longitudinal rim, parallel to the under border; length of immobile finger exceeding that of palm. Ses. haswelli de Man.
Chelipeds equal; upper border of movable finger with only 7—10 tubercles; length of immobile finger less than that of palm. 5
D Said tubercles numbering 7—9, proximal slope elongated, with a small, smooth, quadrangular portion in the middle, in the shape of a human finger-nail, last tubercle very long, occu- pying more than one-fifth of the whole length of the finger.
Ses. onychophora de Man.
Said tubercles numbering 9—10, somewhat oblique with respect
to longitudinal axis of finger and arranged in 4—5 groups, each of which is composed of two tubercles of different aspect: the proximal tubercle of each group is horse-shoe shaped, with the concavity turned towards the tip of the finger, and the distal tubercle is straight, the proximal slope being vaulted transversely and striated longitudinally. Ses. livida A. Milne-Edwards.
6 Sides of carapace somewhat diverging posteriorly. Upper
1) In his ,,Materials for a carcinological fauna of India” (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. 69, prt. 2. 1900, p. 415) Alcock unites Ses. dussumieri, haswelli and livida with Ses. bidens. It is true, that these four species present a striking resemblance to each other, but before more specimens and especially adult ones of each are examined, we are not justified to accept Alcocks synonymy. Moreover, among other characteristics, the size of the abdomen of the ¢ distin- guishes Ses. dussumtert from Ses. bidens, as in the former species the posterior margin of the penultimate segment is 1} times its length, in the latter twice this length.
’s RIVKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE - _— LEIDEN. 257
border of movable finger of cheliped with a row of 6—7 acute spines, occupying the proximal two-thirds of the finger.
Ses. siamensis Rathbun.
Sides of carapace converging posteriorly. Upper border of
movable finger of cheliped always with a row of obtuse tubercles. 7
7 Said tubercles numbering about 23, each of which is about 2'/, times as long as broad (at least in the middle of the row, where they are largest), with a broad groove along its longer axis, the rim of which groove is ornamented by transverse striae, perpendicular to the longer axis of the tubercle; on the distal tubercles this groove disappears and the proximal slope becomes longer than the distal one, though the fine longitudinal striation remains, save on the 3—4 last tubercles near tip of finger. Ses. eumolpe de Man.
Said tubercles numbering 7— 13, not grooved along their longer axis. 8
8 Said tubercles numbering 7, strongly prominent, dome-shaped. Carapace strongly convex, smooth and shining. Ses. sempert Birger. Said tubereles numbering 12—13, less prominent, broader than long, proximal slope striated. Ses. bidens (de Haan) ')
B. Metasesarma.
1 Sides of carapace convergent posteriorly. Outer surface of palm of cheliped covered with spiniform granules. Metases. trapeziwn (Dana). Sides of carapace convexly arched in their anterior part or parallel
to each other. Outer surface of palm of cheliped smooth, punctate. 2
2 Inner infra-orbital lobe often in contact with the lateral processus of the anterior margin of the front, in such a way, that the orbital lobe in outer view is concealed by the frontal processus (though also the reverse may be observed); not rarely, however, there is a more or less wide gap between this orbital lobe and the frontal processus, so that the outer antenna is not excluded from the orbit; width of front always more than half the greatest breadth of the carapace. Metases. rousseauxt TH. Milne-Edwards.
1) In the subspecies indica de Man there are only 11 tubercles on the upper border of the movable finger of cheliped; these tubercles are approximately quadrate, with both axes nearly equally long, and the finely-striated proximal slope is somewhat longer than the distal one; the posterior margin of the penultimate segment of the abdomen of the “ is somewhat less than twice the length of this segment, whereas it is more than twice this length in the typical species.
258 ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL 111.
Inner infra-orbital lobe usually meeting the lateral processus of
the anterior margin of the front, in such a way that the frontal
processus in outer view is concealed by the orbital lobe; the contact
is not always present, and a more or less wide gap between the
antennar cavity and the orbit exists in this case; width of front always half the greatest breadth of the carapace.
Metases. aubryi. A. Milne-Edwards.
C. Sarmatium ').
1 Sides of carapace with one or two epibranchial teeth behind the external orbital angle. 2
Sides of carapace entire, not toothed at all. Sarm. integrum (A. Milne-Edwards).
bo
Palm of cheliped smooth at outer surface. 3 Palm of cheliped roughly granulate at outer surface. 4
3 Carapace smooth, regions indistinct. Palm of cheliped (of ¢’) at upper surface with 6—7 transverse, parallel crests; upper border of movable finger with 4 short spines.in the o’, none in the Q.
Sarm. crassum Dana.
Carapace areolate, regions distinct (at least the mesogastric area).
Palm of cheliped at upper surface quite smooth, and the same is
true for the upper border of the movable finger, in both sexes; inner surface of palm with a transverse row of granules.
Sarm. inerme de Man.
ft Inner surface of palm of cheliped without transverse row of granules. Sarm. indicum (A. Milne-Edwards) ”). Inner surface of palm of cheliped with transverse row of granules. 5
5 Anterior margin of front with a deep median emargination, width of front between eye-stalks about half the distance between external orbital angles. Superior border of arm of cheliped without subdistal tooth; upper border of movable finger with 4—-5 spines. Meropodites
1) This key has been based upon that given by Kingsley in his revision of the Grapsidae (Proc Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1880, p. 212), and the new species have been inserted.
2) There is a subspecies malabaricum Henderson of this species, but I have had no occasion to study its main characters.
’s RIJKS MUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE — LEIDEN. 259
of walking legs (at least in the case of the penultimate pair) more than twice as long as broad. 6 Anterior margin of front nearly straight in dorsal view, width of front between eye-stalks */, of the distance between external orbital angles; surface of carapace smooth and shining, without hairs, finely punctate; side margins much divergent posteriorly in their anterior half. Superior border of arm of cheliped with rectangular, subdistal tooth; upper border of movable finger with two thick, cone-shaped teeth (especially developed in the ¢'). Meropodites of walking legs (at least in the case of the penultimate pair) exactly twice as long as
broad; carpo- and propodite thickly hairy. Sarm. punctatum (A. Milne-Edwards).
Lateral margins of external orbital angles subparallel to each other, only slightly diverging posteriorly, separated from the next tooth by a narrow incision; lateral margins of epibranchial teeth convergent posteriorly and shorter than those of outer orbital angles ; no trace of a second (posterior) epibranchial tooth; postfrontal lobes very unequal, the inner more than twice as broad as the outer ones.
Sarm. birdti Nobili.
Lateral margins of external orbital angles strongly divergent posteriorly, separated from the next tooth by a very deep incision ; lateral margins of epibranchial teeth subparallel to each other, some- what convex and distinctly longer than those of external orbital angles; a second (posterior) epibranchial tooth indicated; median post- frontal lobes only 1'/, times as broad as the outer ones.
Sarm. fryattt Tesch.
D. Clistocoeloma.
Distance between external orbital angles distinctly more than length of carapace in the median line; external postfrontal lobes not subdivided by a short longitudinal groove. Last segment of abdomen of © much longer than broad at the base, twice as long as the preceding segment. Cl. merguiense de Man.
Distance between external orbital angles about equal to length of carapace in the median line; external postfrontal lobes subdivided anteriorly by a very short longitudinal groove into two tubercles. 2
Superior orbital border convex in its inner part. 5th segment of abdomen of o longer than 6th (penultimate) segment; terminal seg-
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEELINGEN — DEEL III.
ment twice as long as preceding segment, posterior margin of the latter nearly three times the length of this segment.
Cl. balansae A. Milne-Edwards. Superior orbital border regularly coneaye in its inner part; surface
of carapace with regularly-distributed large, tufted tubercles. 5th seg- ment of abdomen of ¢ as long as 6th (penultimate) segment; terminal segment only slightly longer than the preceding segment, posterior margin of the latter 2'/, times the length of this segment.
wo be
Cl. tectum (Rathbun). Leiden Museum, September 29, 1916.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
ji a
Sesarma lafondi Jacquinot et Lucas, 9, natural size. 1a, front view of carapace, enl. 41/,.. 1b cheliped, dorsal view, enl. 2.
Pls) NF.
Sesarma modesta de Man, Q, enl. 2.
Sesarma palawanensis Rathbun, Q, natural size. 2a cheliped, dorsal view, enl. 2.
Sesarma taeniolata White, cheliped of <j’, dorsal view, enl. 11/9.
Sesarma taeniolata crebrestriata n. subsp., cheliped of 5, dorsal view, enl, 2.
Pl. XVII.
Sesarma ocypoda gracillima de Man, <j’, enl. 2. 1a front of carapace, obli- quely-anterior and dorsal view, enl. 3. 1b chela, outer surface, enl. 3. Sesarma villosa de Man, Q, enl. 3.
Clistocoeloma tectum (Rathbun), 9, enl. 2. 3a cheliped of <j’, dorsal view,
enl, 3, 3b outer view of chela of the same ,j’, enl. 3. 3c abdomen of the same <j’, enl. 3.
ZOOL. MED. MUS. LEIDEN, Ill. PL. XV.
Fig. 1. Sesarma (Sesarma) lafondi H. M. Edw. Q, nat. size. » da, front view of carapace, magn. I'/). » 4b, cheliped, dorsal view, magn. 2.
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ZOOL. MED. MUS. LEIDEN, III. PL. XVI.
2. Sesarma (Sesarma) palawanensis Rathbun. 9, nat. size. Fig. 2a cheliped, of 2, magn. 2.
» 3. Sesarma (Sesarma) taeniolata White, cheliped of <', magn. 1!/,.
» A. Sesarma taeniolata subsp. crebrestriata Tesch, cheliped of
Fig. 1. Sesarma (Sesarma) modesta de Man. 2, magn. 2
j', magn. 2.
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ZOOL. MED. MUS. LEIDEN, III. PL. XVII.
Fig. 1. Sesarma (Sesarma) ocypoda Nobili subsp. gracillima de Man, 37, magn. 2. Fig. 1a, front, seen obliquely from above, magn. 3. Fig. 1b, outer surface of chela, magn. 3. » 2. Sesarma (Holometopus) villosa de Man, 2, magn. 3. » 3. Clistocoeloma tectum (Rathbun), OQ, magn. 2. Fig. 3a, cheliped of 9’, dorsal view, magn. 3. Fig. 3b, outer surface of chela of 7, magn. 3. Fig. 3c, ab- dqomen of <j, magn. 3.
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