Synopsis of the
Parasites of
Vertebrates
of Canada
Edited by Murray J. Kennedy
Cestodes of Waterfowl (Anseriformes)
J. Daniel McLaughlin
/dlbsna
• AGRICULTURE Animal Health Division
Other titles in this series
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada
— Helminths and Protozoa of Terrestrial Mammals
Murray J. Kennedy, 1 986, 90 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada
— Ectoparasites of Terrestrial Mammals
Murray J. Kennedy and Robert A. Newman, 1986, 109 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Digenea of Mammals of North America Murray J. Kennedy, 1988, 83 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Domesticated Mammals of Canada Murray J. Kennedy, 1988, 53 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada
— Parasites of Marine Mammals
Leo Margolis and Hisao P. Aral, 1989, 26 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada
— Ectoparasites of Birds
Terry A. Wheeler and William Threlfall, 1 989, 93 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada
— Haemoprotozoans of Birds
G. F. Bennett, C. B. Woodworth-Lynas and M. A. Bishop, 1989 47 p. $5.00
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Orders for these publications must be accompanied by a cheque that is payable to
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1990 03 1M
Synopsis of the
Parasites off Vertebrates off Canada
Edited by Murray J. Kennedy^
Cestodes of Waterfowl (Anseriformes)
J. Daniel McLaughlin2
Alberta Agriculture Veterinary Laboratory 6909 -116 Street Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6H 4P2
2 Department of Biology Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West Montreal, Quebec Canada H3G 1M8
AxxK\
AGRICULTURE Animal Health Division
Abstract
This synopsis contains Parasite-Host and Host-Parasite lists of 76 species of cestodes from 30 species of wild waterfowl (Anseriformes) from Canada. Records from natural and experimental infections in domestic waterfowl and from experimental infections in wild species are also included.
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/synopsisofparasiOOmcla
Introduction
This synopsis includes records published in the primary literature up to December 1988. No attempt has been made to extract records from unpublished theses or from federal or provincial government reports. Additional records therefore likely exist.
The taxonomic arrangement of the cestodes listed in this synopsis generally follows that of Schmidt (1986) although the genera Tschertkovilepis, Wardium and Wardoides (Hymenolepididae) have been retained.
Host nomenclature (scientific and common) conforms to that in the 1983 A.O.U. checklist (Checklist of North American Birds: the species of birds of North America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and Hawaiian Islands. American Ornithologists Union Washington D.C.).
In keeping with the format of previous issues of the Synopsis the following information is provided for each parasite species listed:
1) The current scientific name, including author(s) and date(s), followed by any recognized synonyms that may have been used in establishing the Canadian record(s). No attempt has been made to evaluate systematically the validity of published records, but attention has been drawn to obvious errors.
2) The site of occurrance of the parasite in its host(s). When the site was not given in the original reference it was determined from other records.
3) The hosts. Only currently accepted scientific names are used. Numbers in parentheses after each host name correspond to the numbers assigned to the references establishing the particular parasite host records.
NB (New Brunswick), Nfld (Newfoundland and Labrador), NS (Nova Scotia), NWT (Northwest Territories), Ont (Ontario), PEI (Prince Edward Island), Que (Quebec), Sask (Saskatchewan) and YT (Yukon Territory).
5) Authors responsible for records are listed in chronological order of published records. To enable the reader to grasp at a glance the author(s) responsible for particular parasite-host-locality records, references listed under "Records" have been numbered and the corresponding number placed after the host name. Each reference is followed by the locality or localities from which the parasite(s) was (were) reported. When only one host is listed for a particular parasite the references are not numbered and, when all records are from the same locality the latter is not listed after the Author's names.
6) Under remarks, explanatory comments as required are offered on systematics, nomenclature, synonyms of parasites, sites within hosts and whether immature or gravid specimens were recovered in experimental life cycle studies.
In the Host-Parasite List, only currently valid names are used. Host synonyms are included only when used in establishing Canada records.
Subfamilies, tribes, genera and species have been listed alphabetically. Sections on domestic ducks and geese have been included. The geographic distribution is given in parentheses after the name of each parasite species.
To facilitate access to information in the parasite-host and host-parasite lists, the synopsis concludes with an INDEX to parasite and host scientific names.
4) Distribution (Dist.) Species distribution is indicated by Provincial or Territorial boundaries listed in alphabetical order as follows: Alta (Alberta), BC (British Columbia), Man (Manitoba),
1
2
PARASITE-HOST LIST
ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA FAMILY DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE
Schistocephalus solidus (Mueller, 1776) Site: small intestine Hosts: Lophodytes cucullatus (2)
Mergus merganser ( 1 ) Dist: BC, Ont
Records: 1. Wardle 1933 (BC); 2. Bain and Threlfall 1977 (Ont)
Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas platyrhynchos (3) Mergus merganser ( 1 ,2) Dist: BC, Man, Que
Records: 1. Wardle 1933 (BC); 2. Mahon 1956 (Que); 3. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man)
ORDER APORIDEA
FAMILY NEMATOPARATAENIIDAE
Gastrotaenia cygni Wolffhiigel, 1938 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Anas acuta (2,3)
A. americana (3)
A. clypeata (3)
A. crecca (3)
A. discors (3)
A. platyrhynchos (2,3)
A. strepera (3)
Aythya ajfinis (3)
A. americana (3)
A. valisineria (1,3)
Bucephala albeola (3) Dist: Man
Records: 1. Comwell and Cowan 1963; 2. Crichton and Welch 1972; 3. McLaughlin and McGurk 1987
ORDER CYCLOPHYLLIDEA
FAMILY HYMENOLEPIDIDAE SUBFAMILY FIMBRIARIINAE
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Pallas, 1781) Site: small intestine Hosts: Aix sponsa (12)
Anas acuta 0,1 MM)
A. clypeata (3)
A. crecca { \ 1,12)
A. discors {AM M)
A. platyrhynchos (6*,7,1 1)
A.rubripesi^MM)
A. strepera (3,6*)
Anatidae (5,14)
Domestic ducks (5*)
AythyaajTmis{5*,6^,9M)
A. americana (6*)
A.collarisMM)
A.marila{\\M)
A. valisineria (2,6*)
Bucephala clangula (11,12)
Mergus merganser ( 1 )
Branta bernicla (10)
Chen caerulescens (10) Dist: Alta, BC, Man, NB, NWT, Que Records: 1. Wardle 1933 (BC); 2. Comwell and Cowan 1963 (Man); 3. Buscher 1965 (Man); 4. Buscher 1966 (Man); 5. Denny 1969 (Alta); 6. Podesta and Holmes 1970 (Alta); 7. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man); 8. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 9. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta);
10. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT);
11. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a (NB);
12. McLaughlin and Burt 1979b (NB); 13. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta); 14. Hoeve and Scott 1988 (Que)
Remarks: * Experimental infections producing mature cestodes.
Fimbriarioides intermedia (Fuhrmann, 1913) Site: duodenum, small intestine Host: Somateria mollissima (1,2) Dist: Nfld, NWT
Records: 1. Cooper 1921 (NWT); 2. Bishop and Threlfall 1974 (Nfld)
Fimbriarioides sp.
Site: small intestine Hosts: Melanitta nigra M. perspicillata Dist: BC, NB, Nfld Record: Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982
SUBFAMILY HYMENOLEPIDINAE
Anatinella spinulosa (Dubinina, 1953) Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Record: Hair and Holmes 1975
3
Aploparaksisfurcigera (Nitzsch in Rudophi, 1819) Site: intestine, caecum Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )
A. disc or s (2,4)
A. ruhripes (3,4)
A. strepera (1)
Aythya collaris (4) Dist: Man, NB
Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Buscher 1966 (Man); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)
Aploparaksis veitchi Baylis, 1934 Site: intestine Hosts: Anas clypeata
A. strepera Dist: Man
Record: Buscher 1965 Remarks: Spasskii and Freze (1961) listed this species as species inquirenda.
Aploparaksis sp. Site: intestine
Host: Somateria mollissima
Dist: NWT
Record: Cooper 1921
Cloacotaenia me galops (Nitzsch in Creplin, 1829) Syn: Hymenolepis megalops (Nitzsch in
Creplin, 1829) Site: cloaca; occasionally in ureter (Wobeser
198 1 ) and bursa of Fabricius (Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982) Hosts: Anas acuta (2,4,8) A. americana (7) A. clypeata (2) A. disc or s 0,1) A. platyrhynchos (4,8) A. strepera (2) Aythya ajfinis (5) A. valisineria (1) Melanittafusca (9) Chen caerulescens (6) Dist: Alta, BC, Sask, Man, NB, NWT Records: 1. Comwell and Cowan 1963 (Man); 2. Buscher 1965 (Man); 3. Buscher 1966 (Man); 4. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man); 5. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 6. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 7. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b(NB); 8. Wobeser 1981 (Sask); 9. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC) Remarks: Specimens found in ureters were immature (Wobeser 1981).
Dicranotaenia coronula (Dujardin, 1845)
Syn: Hymenolepis coronula (Dujardin, 1845) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas platyrhynchos (5) A. rubripes (2,5) Domestic ducks ( 1 ) Aythya ajfinis (3,6) A. collaris (5) A. marila (5) Bucephala clangula (5) Branta bernicla (4) Chen caerulescens (4) Dist: Alta, NB, NWT, Ont Records: 1. Schofield 1932 (Ont); 2. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 3. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 4. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 5. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 6. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta) Remarks: Schofield (1932) reported this helminth as a possible cause of mortality in a flock of domestic ducks.
Diorchis asiatica Spasskii, 1963 Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Record: Hair and Holmes 1975
Diorchis bulbodes Mayhew, 1929 Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas acuta (1) A. rubripes (2,4) Aythya affinis (3) Dist: Alta, Man, NB Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 3. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)
Diorchis excentricus Mayhew, 1925 Site: small intestine Host: Aythya affinis Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Diorchis inflata (Rudolphi, 1819) Site: small intestine Host: Aythya affinis Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
4
Diorchis microcirrosa Mayhew, 1929 Site: small intestine Host: Anas discors Dist: NB
Records: McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b
Diorchis nyrocae Yamaguti, 1935 Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 ,3)
A. clypeata (I)
A. discors (2)
A. platyrhynchos (3) Dist: Man
Records: 1. Buscher 1965; 2. Buscher 1966; 3. Crichton and Welch 1972
Diorchis nyrocoides Spasskaja, 1961 Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Record: Hair and Holmes 1975
Diorchis ransomi Schultz, 1940 Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Record: Hair and Holmes 1975 Remarks: More frequently found in Fulica americana and recorded from this host in Manitoba (McLaughlin and Burt 1975). Schmidt (1986) has included this species in the genus Schillerius Yamaguti, 1959.
Diorchis spinata Mayhew, 1929 Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas strepera (1) Aythya ajfinis (2) Dist: Alta, Man
Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta)
Diorchis stefanskii Czaplinski, 1956 Site: small intestine Hosts: Aythya affinis (2)
Branta bernicla (1)
Chen caerulescens (1) Dist: Alta, NWT
Records: 1. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta)
Diorchis spp.
Site: small intestine Hosts: Anatidae (3)
Aythya affinis {\ 2) Dist: Alta, Que
Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 2. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta); 3. Hoeve and Scott 1988 (Que)
Drepanidotaenia barrowensis (Schiller, 1952) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anser albifrons
Branta bernicla
Chen caerulescens Dist: NWT
Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975 Remarks: Schmidt (1986) has included this
species in both Drepanidotaenia and
Microsomacanthus.
Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (Bloch, 1782) Syn: Hymenolepis lanceolata Site: small intestine Hosts: Branta bernicla (2)
B. canadensis (3)
Chen caerulescens ( 1 ,2) Dist: NB, NWT, Que
Records: 1. Mahon 1956 (Que); 2. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)
Echinocotyle rosseteri (Blanchard, 1891) Site: duodenum, small intestine Hosts: Anas acuta (2)
A. clypeata (1,2)
A. crecca (1,5)
A. discors (1,3,5)
A. rubripes (4,5) Dist: Man, NB, Que
Records: 1. Mahon 1956 (Que); 2. Buscher 1965 (Man); 3. Buscher 1966 (Man);
4. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB);
5. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB) Remarks: Specimens described by Mahon
(1956) differ from those described by other authors and are likely not E. rosseteri (McLaughlin and Burt 1979a).
Hispaniolepis arcuata (Kowalewski, 1904)
Syn: Hymenolepis arcuata Kowalewski, 1904 Site: small intestine Host: Aythya affinis . Dist: Alta Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Hymenolepis albertensis Denny, 1969 Site: small intestine Hosts: Domestic duck (1*) Aythya ajfinis {\+,2)
5
A. americana (1+) Melanittafusca (1) Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Denny, 1969; 2. Bush and Holmes 1986a
Remarks: + Experimental infections producing mature cestodes. *Experimental infections producing immature cestodes.
Hymenolepis anatina (Krabbe, 1869) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )
A. disc or s (2) Dist: Man
Records: 1. Buscher 1965; 2. Buscher 1966 Remarks: Schmidt (1986)has listed this species in Echinocotyle Blanchard (1891). According to McDonald (1969), H. anatina is unrecognizable. Regardless, the sucker armature is quite different from that of E. rosseteri. See remarks on H. rauschi.
Hymenolepis pusilla Podesta and Holmes, 1970 Site: small intestine (posterior third) Hosts: Aythya ajfinis ( 1 ,2,3)
A. valisineria (1) Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Podesta and Holmes 1970; 2. Hair and Holmes 1975; 3. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Remarks: Podesta and Holmes (1970) also completed the life cycle of this species in A. ajfinis and A. valisineria.
Hymenolepis rauschi Schiller, 1950 Site: small intestine Host: Anas ruhripes Dist: NB
Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973; 2. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b
Remarks: Yamaguti (1959) placed H. rauschi in the genus Echinocotyle Blanchard ( 1 89 1 ) on the basis of its armed suckers. Schmidt (1986), apparently following Yamaguti, also included H. rauschi in Echinocotyle. The sucker armature in H. rauschi resembles that seen in many Diorchis species and is quite different from that of E. rosseteri, the type species of Echinocotyle. McLaughlin and Burt (1979a) suggested that Echinocotyle should include only those species whose sucker armature resembled that of E. rosseteri and returned H. rauschi to the genus Hymenolepis s.l.
Hymenolepis spinocirrosa Podesta and Holmes, 1970
Site: small intestine (posterior third) Hosts: Aythya ajfinis (1,2,4)
A. americana (1)
A. mar i la (3)
A. valisineria (1) Dist: Alta, NB
Records: 1. Podesta and Holmes 1970 (Alta); 2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 4. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b(Alta)
Remarks: Podesta snd Holmes (1970) also completed the life cycle of this species in A. ajfinis, A. americana and A. valisineria.
Hymenolepis trombidacantha Podesta and Holmes, 1970
Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Record: Podesta and Holmes 1970 Remarks: Podesta and Holmes (1970) also
completed the life cycle of this species in
A. ajfinis.
Hymenolepis spp. Site: intestine Hosts: Aix sponsa ( 1 2)
Anas acuta ( 1 ,6)
A. discors (1)
A. platyrhynchos (6)
A. rubripes (7,\2)
Anatidae (11,16)
Aythya ajfinis (8,15)
A. valisineria (4) Bucephala albeola (12) Lophodytes cucullatus (10) Melanittajusca (14)
M. nigra {\ A)
M. perspicillata ( 14)
Branta bernicla (9)
B. canadensis (12) Domestic goose (3) Cygnus buccinator (2,5, 1 3)
C. columbianus (13)
Dist: Alta, BC, Man, NB, Nfld, NWT, Ont, Que
Records: 1. Swales 1933 (Alta); 2. Cowan 1946 (BC); 3. Schad 1962 (Que); 4. Comwell and Cowan 1963 (Man); 5. MacNeill 1970 (BC);
6. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man);
7. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 8. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 9. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 10. Bain and Threlfall 1977 (Ont);
6
11. MacNeil and Barnard 1978 (BC);
12. McLaughlin and Burt 1979b (NB);
13. McKelvey and MacNeill 1980 (BC);
14. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC,NB,Nfld);
15. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta); 16. Hoeve and Scott 1988 (Que)
Microsomacanthus abortiva (von Linstow, 1904)
Syn: Hymenolepis abortiva von Linstow, 1904 Site: small intestine, caecum Hosts: Anas discors (3)
A. platyrhynchos (3)
A. rubripes (1,3)
Aythya ajfinis (2,4) Dist: Alta, NB
Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB);
2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 3. McLaughlin
and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 4. Bush and Holmes
1986a,b (Alta) Remarks: All specimens from Anas spp.
found in caecum; those from Aythya ajfinis
occurred in the small intestine.
Microsomacanthus compressa (Linton, 1892)
Syn: Hymenolepis compressa (Linton, 1892) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )
Aythya ajfinis (2) Dist: Alta, Man
Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Hair and
Holmes 1975 (Alta) Remarks: Specimens identified as H.
compressa by McLaughlin and Burt (1973) are
H. paracompressa.
Microsomacanthus collaris (Batsch, 1786)
Syn: Hymenolepis collaris (Batsch, 1786) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas rubripes ( 1 ,2) Aythya collaris (2) Dist: NB
Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973; 2. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b
Microsomacanthus fausti (Tseng-Shen, 1932)
Syn: Hymenolepis jausti (Tseng-Shen, 1932) Site: small intestine Hosts: Aythya ajfinis (1,3)
A. collaris (2) Dist: Alta, Ont
Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta);
2. Nose worthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 3. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta) Remarks: Bush and Holmes (1986a,b) found
only immature forms. Czaplinski and Vaucher
(1977), on re-examination of the original specimens, concluded that the original description was based on fragmentary material consisting of strobilae of Microsomacanthus paramicrosoma Gasowska, 1931 and scolices of a different species, possibly Microsomacanthus spiralibursata CzapVinski, 1956. They renamed Microsomacanthus jausti of Spasskaja and Spasskii ( 196 1 ) Microsomacanthus baeri.
Microsomacanthus formosoides Spasskaja and Spasskii, 1961 Syn: Hymenolepis (Microsomacanthus)
formosoides (Spasskaja and Spasskii, 1961) Site: small intestine Host: Somateria mollis sima Dist: Nfld
Record: Bishop and Threlfall 1974
Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (Schiller, 195 1 )
Syn: Hymenolepis hopkinsi Schiller, 195 1 Site: caecum Hosts: Aix sponsa (1) Anas acuta ( 1 ,6) A. platyrhynchos (6+,7) A. rubripes (2,4,7) A. strepera(\) Domestic duck (2*) Aythya ajfinis (3-i-,5) A. americana (3*) A. valisineria (3+) Dist: Alta, Man, NB Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. McLaughlin and Burt 1970 (NB); 3. Podesta and Holmes 1970 (Alta); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 5. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 6. McLaughlin 1975 (Man); 7. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB) Remarks: *Experimental infections only. +Natural and experimental infections yielding mature specimens.
Microsomacanthus melanittae Ryjikov, 1962
Syn: Hymenolepis melanittae (Ryjikov, 1962) Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Records: Bush and Holmes 1986a,b Remarks: Only immature specimens were found.
Microsomacanthus microskrjabini Spasskii and Jurpalova, 1964 Syn: Hymenolepis (Microsomacanthus)
microskrjabini (Spasskii and Jurpalova, 1964)
7
Hymenolepis microskrjabini (Spasskii and
Jurpalova, 1964) Site: small intestine Hosts: Domestic duck (1*)
Aythya ajfinis ( l+,2,4)
A. americana (1+)
Somateria mollissima (3) Dist: Alta, Nfld
Records: 1. Denny 1969 (Alta); 2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 3. Bishop and Threlfall 1974 (Nfld); 4. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)
Remarks: *Experimental infection; only immature forms recovered. + Experimental infections producing mature cestodes.
Microsomacanthus paracompressa (Czaplinski, 1956)
Syn: Hymenolepis paracompressa
Czaplinski, 1956 Hymenolepis compressa of
McLaughlin and Burt (1973) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas acuta (2)
A. platyrhynchos (2)
A. rubripes (1 ,2)
Aythya ajfinis (3) Dist: Alta, NB
Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB);
2. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 3. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta) Remarks: Bush and Holmes (1986b)
reported immature specimens only.
Microsomacanthus parvula (Kowalewski, 1904)
Syn: Hymenolepis parvula Kowalewski, 1904
Kowalewskius parvula (Kowalewski, 1904) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas rubripes ( 1 ,4) Aythya ajfinis (2,5) A. collaris (3) Dist: Alta, NB, Ont
Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 3. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 5. Bush and Holmes 1985a (Alta)
Microsomacanthus recurvata Spasskaja and Spasskii, 1961 Syn: Hymenolepis recurvata (Spasskaja and
Spasskii) Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Microsomacanthus somateriae Ryjikov, 1965 Syn: Hymenolepis (Microsomacanthus)
somateriae (Ryjikov, 1965) Site: small intestine Host: Somateria mollissima Dist: Nfld
Record: Bishop and Threlfall 1974
Microsomacanthus spiralibursata (Czaplinski, 1956)
Syn: Hymenolepis spiralibursata Czaplinski, 1956
Site: small intestine Hosts: Domestic duck (1*) Aythya ajfinis ( 1 ,2) Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Denny 1969; 2. Hair and Holmes 1975
Remarks: *Experimental infection producing mature specimens.
Microsomacanthus teresoides (Fuhrmann, 1906)
Syn: Hymenolepis teresoides Fuhrmann, 1906 Site: small intestine Host: Anas strepera Dist: Man
Record: Buscher 1965
Microsomacanthus tuvensis Spasskaja and Spasskii, 1961
Syn: Hymenolepis tuvensis (Spasskaja and
Spasskii, 1961) Site: small intestine Hosts: Domestic duck ( 1 *)
Aythya affinis{\+2,'i. 5)
A. americana (2)
A. mar i la (4)
A. valisineria (2)
Melanittafusca (2) Dist: Alta, NB
Records: 1. Denny 1969 (Alta); 2. Podesta and Holmes 1970 (Alta); 3. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 5. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)
Remarks: *Experimental infection; only immature specimens recovered. +Mature specimens from natural and experimental infections.
8
Parabisaccanthes philactes (Schiller, 1951) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anser albifrons
Branta bernicla
Chen caerulescens Dist: NWT
Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975
Retinometra cyrtoides (Mayhew, 1925) Site: small intestine Host: Ay thy a ajfinis Dist: Alta
Record: Bush and Holmes 1986a,b Remarks: Immature specimens only.
Retinometra longivaginata (Fuhrmann, 1906) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anser albifrons
Branta bernicla
Chen caerulescens Dist: NWT
Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975
Retinometra macracanthos (von Linstow, 1877) Site: small intestine Host: Bucephala clangula Dist: NB
Record: McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b Remarks: Immature specimen only.
Retinometra macrocephala (Fuhrmann, 1913)
Syn: Hymenolepis macrocephala Fuhrmann, 1913
Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas clypeata (1)
A. discors (2) Dist: Man
Records: 1. Buscher 1965; 2. Buscher 1966 Remarks: Synonym of Retinometra venusta according to Spasskaja (1966).
Retinometra pittalugai (Lopez-Neyra, 1932) Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Retinometra venusta (Rosseter, 1897) Site: small intestine Host: Anser albifrons Dist: NWT
Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975
Sobolevicanthus filumferens (Brock, 1942)
Syn: Hymenolepis filumferens Brock, 1942 Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas clypeata ( 1 )
A. crecca (4)
A. discors (2,4)
A. rubripes (3,4) Dist: Man, NB
Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Buscher 1966 (Man); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)
Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Zeder, 1803)
Syn: Hymenolepis gracilis (Zeder, 1803) Site: small intestine Hosts: Aix sponsa (6) Anas acuta ( 1 ) A. americana (6) A. discors (6) A. rubripes (2,6) Aythya ajfinis (3,7) A. collaris (5) Branta bernicla (4) Chen caerulescens (4) Dist: Alta, Man, NB, NWT, Ont Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 3. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 4. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 5. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 6. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 7. Bush and Holmes 1986a (Alta) Remarks: Bush and Holmes (1986a) recorded only immature specimens.
Sobolevicanthus kenaiensis (Schiller, 1952) Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Bush and Holmes 1986a
Sobolevicanthus octacantha (Krabbe, 1869) Site: small intestine Host: Aythya affinis Dist: Alta
Record: Bush and Holmes 1986a Remarks: Immature specimens only.
Sobolevicanthus stolli (Brock, 1941)
Syn: Hymenolepis stolli Brock, 1941 Site: small intestine Host: Anas acuta Dist: Man
Record: Buscher 1965
9
Sobolevicanthus sp.
Site: small intestine Host: Ay thy a ajfinis Dist: Alta
Record: Hair and Holmes 1975
Tschertkovilepis krahhei (Kowalewski, 1895) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anser albifrons
Branta bemicla
Chen caerulescens Dist: NWT
Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975 Remarks: Schmidt (1986) considered the genus Tschertkovilepis a synonym of Microsomacanthus. T. krabbei was not listed. Yamaguti (1959) listed it as a synonym of Tschertkovilepis conscripta Railliet et Henry, 1909.
Tschertkovilepis setigera (Froelich, 1789) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anser albifrons Branta bemicla Chen caerulescens Dist: NWT
Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975 Remarks: Transferred by Schmidt (1986) to Microsomacanthus.
Wardium creplini (Krabbe, 1869) Site: small intestine Hosts: Anser albifrons ( 1 )
Branta canadensis (2) Dist: NB, NWT
Records: 1. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 2. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)
Remarks: Schmidt ( 1986) listed the genus Wardium (Mayhew, 1925) as a synonym of Dicranotaenia (Railliet, 1892) and transferred this species to it.
Wardium sp.
Site: small intestine Host: Ay thy a affinis Dist: Alta
Record: Hair and Holmes 1975
Wardoides nyrocae (Yamaguti, 1935) Site: small intestine Hosts: Branta bemicla
Chen caerulescens Dist: NWT
Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975
Remarks: Schmidt (1986) has included this species in Drepanidotaenia.
FAMILY ACOLEIDAE
Diploposthe laevis (Bloch, 1782) Site: small intestine Hosts: Ay thy a mar i la (1)
A. collaris (2,3) Dist: NB, Ont, Que Records: 1. Mahon 1956 (Que); 2. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)
FAMILY DILEPIDIDAE SUBFAMILY DILEPIDINAE
Anomotaenia sp.
Site: small intestine Host: Ay thy a affinis Dist: Alta
Record: Hair and Holmes 1975
Lateriporus geographicus Cooper, 1921 Site: small intestine Hosts: Clangula hymealis (2)
Somateria mollissima (1) Dist: NWT, Que
Records: 1. Cooper 1921 (NWT); 2. Mahon 1956 (Que)
Lateriporus mathevossianae Ryjikov and Gubanov, 1962
Site: small intestine Hosts: Ay thy a affinis* Melanittafusca Dist: Alta
Record: Denny, 1969
Remarks: Denny (1969) also recovered immature specimens from experimentally exposed M. fusca and A. affinis.
*Immature specimens in natural infections.
Lateriporus skrjabini Mathevossian, 1 946 Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 *)
A. americana (1*)
A. disc or s (1*)
A. platyrhynchos ( 1 +)
A. strepera (1*)
Domestic duck (1+)
Aythya affinis ( 1 ',2,3)
A. americana (!')
A. valisineria (1) Bucephala albeola ( 1 *)
B. clangula (\*)
10
Melanitta fusca ( 1 *) Oxyura jamaicensis {X'^) Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Denny 1969; 2. Hair and Holmes 1975; 3. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Remarks: *Im.mature specimens only from natural infections. +Immature specimens only following experimental infections. 'Mature specimens from natural and experimental infections.
Lateriporus teres (Krabbe, 1869)
Site: duodenum and small intestine Host: Somateria mollissima Dist: Nfld
Records: 1. Threlfall 1968; 2. Bishop and Threlfall 1974
Oligorchis sp.
Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Aha
Records: Bush and Holmes 1986a,b Remarks: Immature specimens only;
apparently an undescribed species (Bush and
Holmes 1986a).
Unidentified Cestodes Site: intestine Hosts: Anas acuta (2)
A. americana (2)
A. clypeata (2)
A. crecca (2,4)
A. discors (2,4)
A. platyrhynchos (2,3)
A. ruhripes (7)
A. strepera (2)
Anatidae (6)
Aythya ajfinis (2,9)
A. collaris (8)
Bucephala clangula (7)
Cygnus columbianus ( 1 )
Lophodytes cucullatus (5)
Melanitta fusca (2) Dist: Alta, BC, NB, Ont, Sask Records: 1. Wickware 1930 (Ont); 2. Swales 1934 (Alta); 3. Wobeser 1974 (Sask); 4. Turner and Threlfall 1975 (NB); 5. Bain and Threlfall 1977 (Ont); 6. MacNeil and Barnard 1978 (BC);
7. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (NB,Ont);
8. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 9. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)
Platyscolex ciliata (Fuhrmann, 1913)
Syn: Anomotaenia ciliata Fuhrmann, 1913 Site: small intestine Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )
A. clypeata (I)
A. discors (2)
A. rubripes (3,5)
A. strepera (1)
Bucephala clangula (5)
Branta bernicla (4)
Chen caerulescens (4) Dist: Man, NB, NWT
Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Buscher 1966 (Man); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 4. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 5. McLaughlin and Burt 1979b (NB)
Unciunia sp.
Site: small intestine Host: Aythya ajfinis Dist: Alta
Records: Bush and Holmes 1986a,b Remarks: Apparently an undescribed species (Bush and Holmes 1986a).
11
12
HOST PARASITE LIST
ORDER ANSERIFORMES SUBORDER ANSERES
FAMILY ANATIDAE SUBFAMILY ANATINAE
Tribe Anatini
Anas acuta L.
- Northern Pintail
- Syn: Dafila acuta (L.) Aploparaksisfurcigera (Man) Cloacotaenia megalops (Man, Sask) Diorchis bulbodes (Man)
D. nyrocae (Man) Echinocoytle rosseteh (Man) Fimbriariafasciolaris (Man, NB) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Hymenolepis anatina (Man) Hymenolepis sp. (Man) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Microsomacanthus compressa (Man) M. hopkinsi (Man) M. paracompressa (NB) Platyscolex ciliata (Man) Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Man) S. stolli (Man) Cestodes (Alta)
Anas americana Gmelin
- American Wigeon (Gmelin)
- Syn: Mareca americana Cloacotaenia megalops (NB) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Sobolevicanthus gracilis (NB) Cestodes (Alta)
Anas clypeata L.
- Northern Shoveler
- Syn: Spatula clypeata (L.) Aploparaksis veitchi (Man) Cloacotaenia megalops (Man) Diorchis nyrocae (Man) Echinocotyle rosseteri (Man, Que) Fimbriariafasciolaris (Man) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Platyscolex ciliata (Man) Retinometra macrocephala (Man) Sobolevicanthus filumferens (Man) Cestodes (Alta)
Anas crecca L.
- Green-winged Teal
- Syn: Anas crecca carolinensis Echinocotyle rosseteri (NB, Que) Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Sobolevicanthus filumferens (NB) Cestodes (Alta, NB, Que)
Anas discors L.
- Blue-winged Teal
- Syn: Querquedula discors (L.) Aploparaksisfurcigera (Man, NB) Cloacotaenia megalops (Man, NB) Diorchis microcirrosa (NB)
D. nyrocae (Man)
Echinocotyle rosseteri (Man, NB, Que) Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Man, NB) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Hymenolepis anatina (Man) Lateriporus skrjabini (Aha) Microsomacanthus abortiva (NB) Platyscolex ciliata (Man) Retinometra macrocephala (Man) Sobolevicanthus filumferens (Man, NB) S. gracilis (NB) Cestodes (Alta, NB, Que)
Anas platyrhynchos L.
- Mallard
Cloacotaenia megalops (Man, Sask) Dicranotaenia coronula (NB) D. nyrocae (Man)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta, Man, NB) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Hymenolepis sp. (Man) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Ligula intestinalis (Man) Microsomacanthus abortiva (NB) M. hopkinsi (Man, NB) M. paracompressa (NB) Cestodes (Alta, Sask)
Anas rubripes Brewster
- American Black Duck Aploparaksis furcigera (NB) Dicranotaenia coronula (NB) Diorchis bulbodes (NB) Echinocotyle rosseteri (NB) Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB ) Hymenolepis rauschi (NB) Hymenolepis sp. (NB)
13
Microsomacanthus abortiva (NB)
M. collar is (NB)
M. hopkinsi (NB)
M. paracompressa (NB)
M. parvula (NB)
Platyscolex ciliata (NB)
Sobolevicanthus filumferens (NB)
S. gracilis (NB)
Cestodes (NB, Que)
Anas strepera L.
- Gadwall
Aploparaksis furcigera (Man) A. veitchi (Man) Cloacotaenia megalops (Man) Diorchis spinata (Man) Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta, Man) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (Man) M. teresoides (Man) Platyscolex ciliata (Man) Cestodes (Alta)
Domestic ducks
- (Includes Anas platyrhynchos domesticus; most represent experimental infections)
Dicranotaenia coronula (Ont) Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta) Hymenolepis albertensis (Alta) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (NB) A/, microskrjabini (Alta) M. spiralihursata (Alta) A/, tuvensis (Alta)
Tribe Aythyini
/4>'r/2}'« ^#>?/-y (Eyton)
- Lesser Scaup Anomotaenia sp. (Alta) Anatinella spinulosa (Alta) Cloacotaenia megalops (Alta) Dicranotaenia coronula (Alta) Diorchis asiatica (Alta)
D. bulbodes (Alta)
£>. excentricus (Alta)
D. (Alta)
D. nyrocoides (Alta)
D. ransomi (Alta)
D. spinata (Alta)
D. stefanskii (Alta)
Diorchis sp. (Alta)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Hispaniolepis arcuata (Alta)
Hymenolepis albertensis (Alta)
//. (Alta)
//. spinocirrosa (Alta)
//. trombidacantha (Alta)
Hymenolepis sp. (Alta)
Lateriporus mathevossianae (Alta)
L. skrjabini (Alta)
Microsomacanthus abortiva (Alta)
M. compressa (Alta)
M.fausti (Alta)
M. hopkinsi (Alta)
M. melanittae (Alta)
M. microskrjabini (Alta)
M. paracompressa (Alta)
M. parvula (Alta)
M. recurvata (Alta)
M. spiralibursata (Alta)
M. tuvensis (Alta)
Oligorchis sp. (Alta)
Retinometra cyrtoides (Alta)
7?. pittalugai (Alta)
Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Alta)
5. kenaiensis (Alta)
5. octacantha (Alta)
Sobolevicanthus sp. (Alta)
Unciunia sp. (Alta)
Wardium sp. (Alta)
Cestodes (Alta)
Aythya americana (Eyton)
- Redhead
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Hymenolepis albertensis (Alta) //. spinocirrosa (Alta) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (Alta) M. microskrjabini (Alta) M. tuvensis (Alta)
y4>'r/z>'a collaris (Donovan)
- Ring-necked Duck Aploparaksis furcigera (NB) Dicranotaenia coronula (NB) Diploposthe laevis (NB, Ont) Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB) Microsomacanthus collaris (NB) M.fausti (Ont)
M. parvula (Ont) Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Ont) Cestodes (Ont)
14
Aythya marila (L.)
- Greater Scaup
- Syn: Nyroca marila (L.) Dicranotaenia coronula (NB) Diploposthe laevis (Que) Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB) Hymenolepis spinocirrosa (NB) Microsomacanthus tuvensis (NB)
Aythya valisineria (Wilson)
- Canvasback
Cloacotaenia megalops (Man) Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta, Man) Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Hymenolepis pusilla (Alta) H. spinocirrosa (Alta) Hymenolepis sp. (Man) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (Alta) M. tuvensis (Alta)
Tribe Cairini
A/a: sponsa (L.)
- Wood Duck Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB) Hymenolepis sp. (NB) Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (NB) Sobolevicanthus gracilis (NB)
Tribe Mergini
Bucephala albeola (L.)
- Bufflehead Gastrotaenia cygni (Man) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Hymenolepis sp. (NB)
Bucephala clangula (L.)
- Common Goldeneye Dicranotaenia coronula (NB) Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB) Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta) Platyscolex ciliata (NB) Retinometra macracanthos (NB) Cestodes (Ont)
Clangula hymealis (L.)
- Oldsquaw
Lateriporus geographicus (Que)
Lophodytes cucullatus (L.)
- Hooded Merganser Hymenolepis sp. (Ont) Schistocephalus solidus (Ont) Cestodes (Ont)
Melanitta fusca (L.)
- White-winged Scoter
- Syn: Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte) Cloacotaenia megalops (BC) Hymenolepis albertensis (Alta) Hymenolepis sp. (BC, NB, Nfld) Lateriporus mathevossianae (Alta)
L. skrjabini (Alta) Microsomacanthus tuvensis (Alta) Cestodes (Alta)
Melanitta nigra (L.)
- Black Scoter
Fimbriarioides sp. (BC, NB, Nfld) Hymenolepis sp. (BC, NB, Nfld)
Melanitta perspicillata (L.)
- Surf Scoter
Fimbriarioides sp. (BC, NB, Nfld) Hymenolepis sp. (Alta, BC, NB, Nfld)
Mergus merganser L.
- Common Merganser
- Syn: Mergus americanus Cassin
Mergus merganser americanus Cassin Fimbriariafasciolaris (BC) Ligula intestinalis (BC, Que) Schistocephalus solidus (BC)
Somateria mollissima (L.)
- Common Eider
- Syn: Somateria mollissima var. w/gra
Bonaparte Aploparaksis sp. (NWT) Fimbriarioides intermedia (Nfld, NWT) Lateriporus geographicus (NWT) L. re/T.? (Nfld)
Microsomacanthus formosoides (Nfld) M. microskrjabini (Nfld) M. somateriae (Nfld)
Tribe Oxyurini
Oxyw^« jamaicensis (Gmelin)
- Ruddy Duck Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
SUBFAMILY ANSERINAE
Tribe Anserini
Amer albifrons (Scopoli)
- Greater White-fronted Goose Drepanidotaenia barrowensis (NWT) Parabisaccanthes philactes (NWT) Retinometra longivaginata (NWT)
15
R. venusta (NWT) Tschertkovilepis krabbei (NWT) T. setigera (NWT) Wardium creplini (NWT)
Branta hemic la (L.)
- Brant
- Syn: Branta bernicla nigricans (Lawrence) Dicranotaenia coronula (NWT)
Diorchis stefanskii (NWT) Drepanidotaenia barrowensis (NWT) D. lanceolata (NWT) Fimbriariafasciolaris (NWT) Hymenolepis sp. (NWT) Parabisaccanthes philactes (NWT) Platyscolex ciliata (NWT) Retinometra longivaginata (NWT) Sobolevicanthus gracilis (NWT) Tschertkovilepis krabbei (NWT) T. setigera (NWT) Wardoides nyrocae (NWT)
Branta canadensis (L.)
- Canada Goose
Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (NB) Hymenolepis sp. (NB) Wardium creplini (NB)
Chen caerulescens (L.)
- Snow Goose
- Syn: Chen caerulescens caerulescens (L.)
Chen hyperborea atlantica Kennard Cloacotaenia megalops (NWT) Dicranotaenia coronula (NWT) Diorchis stefanskii (NWT) Drepanidotaenia barrowensis (NWT)
D. lanceolata (NWT, Que) Fimbriariafasciolaris (NWT) Parabisaccanthes philactes (NWT) Platyscolex ciliata (NWT) Retinometra longivaginata (NWT) Sobolevicanthus gracilis (NWT) Tschertkovilepis krabbei (NWT) T. setigera (NWT) Wardoides nyrocae (NWT)
Domestic geese
Hymenolepis sp. (Que)
Tribe Cygnini
Cygnus buccinator Richardson
- Trumpeter Swan
- Syn: Cygnus cygnus buccinator Richardson Hymenolepis sp. (BC)
Cygnus columbianus (Ord)
- Tundra Swan
- Syn: Cygnus columbianus columbianus
(Ord)
Hymenolepis sp. (BC) Cestodes (Ont)
Unspecified Anatidae
Hymenolepis sp. (BC, Que) Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta, Que) Diorchis sp. (Que) Cestodes (BC)
16
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NOSEWORTHY, S.M. and W. THRELFALL. 1978. Some metazoan parasites of Ring-necked ducks Aythya collaris (Donovan), from Canada. Journal of Parasitology 64: 365-367.
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TURNER, B.C. and W. THRELFALL. 1975. The Metazoan parasites of green-winged teal (Anas crecca L.) and blue-winged teal {Anas discors L.) from Eastern Canada. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 42: 157-169.
WARDLE, R.A. 1933. The parasitic helminths of Canadian Animals. 1. The Cestodaria and Cestoda. Canadian Journal of Research 8: 317-333.
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19
PARASITE INDEX
Acoleidae 10
Anatinella spinulosa 3
Anomotaenia sp 10
Aploparaksis furcigera 4
Aploparaksis sp 4
Aploparaksis veitchi 4
Aporidea 3
Cestoda 1 1
Cloacotaenia megalops 4
Cyclophyllidea 3
Dicranotaenia coronula 4
Dilepididae 10
Dilepidinae 10
Diorchis asiatica 4
Diorchis hulhodes 4
Diorchis excentricus 4
Diorchis inflata 4
Diorchis microcirrosa 5
Diorchis nyrocae 5
Diorchis ny roc oides 5
Diorchis ransomi 5
Diorchis spinata 5
Diorchis sp 5
Diorchis stefanskii 5
Diphyllobothriidae 3
Diploposthe laevis 10
Drepanidotaenia barrowensis 5
Drepanidotaenia lanceolata 5
Echinocotyle rosseteri 5
Fimhriariafasciolaris 3
Fimbriariinae 3
Fimhriarioides intermedia 3
Fimhriarioides sp 3
Gastrotaenia cygni 3
Hispaniolepis arcuata 5
Hymenolepididae 3
Hymenolepidinae 3
Hymenolepis alhertensis 5
Hymenolepis anatina 6
Hymenolepis pusilla 6
Hymenolepis rauschi 6
Hymenolepis sp 6
Hymenolepis spinocirrosa 6
Hymenolepis trombidacantha 6
Lateriporus geographicus 10
Lateriporus mathevossianae 10
Lateriporus skrjabini 10
Lateriporus teres 11
Ligula intestinalis 3
Microsomacanthus abortiva 7
Microsomacanthus compressa 7
Microsomacanthus collaris 7
Microsomacanthus fausti 7
Microsomacanthus formosoides 7
Microsomacanthus hopkinsi 7
Microsomacanthus microskrjabini 7
Microsomacanthus melanittae 7
Microsomacanthus paracompressa 8
Microsomacanthus parvula 8
Microsomacanthus recurvata 8
Microsomacanthus somateriae 8
Microsomacanthus spiralibursata 8
Microsomacanthus teresoides 8
Microsomacanthus tuvensis 8
Nematoparataeniidae 3
Oligorchis sp 1 1
Parabisaccanthes philactes 9
Platyscolex ciliata 1 1
Pseudophyllidea 3
Retinometra cyrtoides 9
Retinometra longivaginata 9
Retinometra macracanthos 9
Retinometra macrocephala 9
Retinometra pittalugai 9
Retinometra venusta 9
Schistocephalus solidus 3
Sobolevicanthus filumferens 9
Sobolevicanthus gracilis 9
Sobolevicanthus kenaiensis 9
Sobolevicanthus octacantha 9
Sobolevicanthus sp 10
Sobolevicanthus stolli 9
Tschertkovilepis krabbei 10
Tschertkovilepis setigera 10
Unciunia sp 1 1
Wardium creplini 10
Wardium sp 10
Wardoides nyrocae 10
20
HOST INDEX
Aixsponsa 15
Anas acuta 13
Anas americana 13
Anas clypeata 13
Anas crecca 13
Anas crecca carolinessis 1 3
Anasdiscors 13
Anas platyrhynchos 13
Anas platyrhynchos domesticus 14
Anas rubripes 13
Anas strepera 14
Anatinae 13
Anatini 13
Anser albifrons 15
Anserinae 15
Anserini 15
Ay thy a ajfinis 14
Aythya americana 14
Aythya collaris 14
Aythya marila 15
Aythya valisineria 15
Aythyini 14
Branta bernicla 16
Branta bernicla nigricans 16
Branta canadensis 16
Bucephala albeola 15
Bucephala clangula 15
Cairini 15
Chen caerulescens 16
Chen caerulescens caerulescens 16
Chen hyperborea atlantica 16
Clangula hymealis 15
Cygnini 16
Cygnus buccinator 16
Cygnus cygnus buccinator 16
Cygnus columbianus 16
Cygnus columbianus columbianus 16
Dafila acuta 13
Ducks, domestic 14
Geese, domestic 16
Lophodytes cucullatus 15
Mareca americana 13
Melanitta deglandi 15
Melanitta fusca 15
Melanitta nigra 15
Melanitta perspicillata 15
Mergini 15
Mergus americana 15
Mergus merganser 1 5
Mergus merganser americanus 15
Nyroca marila 15
Oxyura jamaicensis 15
Oxyurini 15
Querquedula discors 13
Somateria mollissima 15
Spatula clypeata 13
21