$5.00
2./?9/-,79
synopsis of the
Parasites of iVertebrates of Canada
Edited by Murray J. Kennedy
Nematodes of Birds
Pooi Leng Wong 6heryl M. Bartlett Lena N. Measures Marilyn A. McNeill Roy C. Anderson
-•’1
/dlberia
AGRICULTURE Animal Health Division t
■ V ; ilrlii
Other titles in this series
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada
— Helminths and Protozoa of Terrestrial Mammals
Murray J. Kennedy, 1986, 90 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada
— Ectoparasites of Terrestrial Mammals
Murray J. Kennedy and Robert A. Newman, 1986, 109 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Digenea of Mammals of North America Murray J. Kennedy, 1988, 83 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Domesticated Mammals of Canada Murray J. Kennedy, 1988, 53 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada
— Parasites of Marine Mammals
Leo Margolis and Hisao P. Arai, 1989, 26 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada
— Ectoparasites of Birds
Terry A. Wheeler and William Threlfall, 1989, 93 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada
— Haemoprotozoans of Birds
G. F. Bennett, C. B. Woodworth-Lynas and M. A. Bishop, 1989 47 p. $5.00
Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada
— Cestodes of Waterfowl
J. Daniel McLaughlin, 1989, 21 p. $5.00
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1990 11 1 M
CANAD1ANA
MAR - 1 1991
Synopsis of the
Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada
Edited by Murray J. Kennedy1
Nematodes of Birds
Pooi Leng Wong2 Cheryl M. Bartlett3 Lena N. Measures4 Marilyn A. McNeill5 Roy C. Anderson2
1 Alberta Agriculture Veterinary Laboratory 6909 -116 Street Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6H 4P2
2 Department of Zoology College of Biological Science University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario
Canada NIG 2W1
3 Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University College of Cape Breton
P.O. Box 5300 Sydney, Nova Scotia Canada B1P 6L2
4 Maurice Lamontagne Institute 850, route de la Mer
P.O. Box 1000 Mont-Joli, Quebec Canada G5H 3Z4
5 123 Foley Road Alymer, Quebec Canada J9H 2E6
/dlbsrra
AGRICULTURE
Animal Health Division
'
ABSTRACT
One hundred and sixty-two species of nematodes reported in birds in Canada are listed with their hosts, sites in hosts, synonyms, known distributions in Canada and references. The numbers of species according to superfamilies are as follows: Dioctophymatoidea - 2; Trichinelloidea - 12; Muspicioidea - 1; Rhabditoidea - 1; Strongyloidea - 4; Trichostrongyloidea - 9; Heterakoidea - 5; Ascaridoidea - 15; Dracunculoidea - 2; Thelazioidea - 1; Spiruroidea - 1 ; Habronematoidea - 17; Acuarioidea - 45; Diplotriaenoidea - 15; Aproctoidea - 4 and Filarioidea - 26.
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/synopsisofparasi00wong_0
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
PARASITE-HOST LIST 3
HOST-PARASITE LIST 19
REFERENCES 31
PARASITE INDEX 39
HOST INDEX 42
v
INTRODUCTION
One hundred and sixty-two species of nematodes representing 16 superfamilies have been reported in birds in Canada. A list of this kind is undoubtedly biased because it reflects the interests of specialized workers in Canada. Thus, the superfamilies Acuarioidea, Ascaridoidea, Dioctophymatoidea, Filarioidea and Diplotriaenoidea are relatively well studied whereas other superfamilies are not well represented.
Most Canadian birds migrate to southern latitudes where they acquire a number of nematodes which may persist and be collected in Canada; some acuarioids are of this type. On the other hand, birds acquire some species on the breeding grounds in Canada; filarioids transmitted by biting flies and lice are good examples. Numerous species of nematodes acquired in Canada are short-lived and each spring and summer a new population of
nematodes are acquired by the birds in Canada; acuarioids and dioctophymatoids of piscivorous birds are good examples of the latter phenomemon since the infective larvae persist in fish populations in Canadian freshwater lakes. Ascaridoids of passeriform birds are acquired in Canada from ingestion of earthworms in which infective larvae have persisted over winter.
Information in this synopsis excludes reports of microfilariae and diseases caused by nematodes.
The classification of nematodes follows the CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates by Anderson et al. (1974-1983). Names of birds are according to the American Ornithologists’ Union Checklist of the Birds of North America (1983) and The Complete Checklist of Birds of the World by Howard and Moore (1984).
1
PARASITE-HOST LIST
SUBCLASS ADENOPHOREA ORDER ENOPLIDA
SUPERFAMILY DIOCTOPHYMATOIDEA FAMILY DIOCTOPHYMATIDAE SUBFAMILY EUSTRONGYLINAE
Eustrongylides mergorum Rudolphi, 1 809
Syns: Eustrongylides elegans (Olfers, 1816) Spiroptera inflata Mehlis, 1846 Tropidocerca paradoxa Diesing, 1851 Site: stomach Hosts: “mergansers” (1)
Uria aalge (2)
Uria lomvia (2)
Dist: BC, Nfld
Records: 1. Shillinger 1936 (BC); 2. Threlfall 1971 (Nfld)
Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch in Rudolphi, 1819)
Syns: Strongylus tubifex
Eustrongylides perpapillatus Jagerskiold, 1909 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Ardea herodias Gavia immer Mergus merganser Mergus serrator Dist: Ont, NB Record: Measures 1987
SUPERFAMILY TRICHINELLOIDEA FAMILY TRICHURIDAE SUBFAMILY CAPILLARIINAE
Capillaria anatis (Schrank, 1790)
Site: caecum, small intestine, body cavity Hosts: Anas rubripes ( 1 ,4)
Aythya collaris (3)
Bucephala clangula (1,4)
Lophodytes cucullatus (2)
Melanitta perspicillata (5)
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld, Ont, Que Records: 1. Mawson 1956b (Que); 2. Bain and Threlfall 1977 (Ont); 3. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 4. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (NB, Nfld, Ont); 5. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC, NB, Nfld)
Capillaria caudinflat a (Molin, 1858)
Site: intestine
Host: Turdus migratorius
Dist: Que
Record: Mawson 1956b
Capillaria columbae (Rudolphi, 1819)
Site: duodenum, ileum Host: Gallus gallus Dist: Man
Record: Hodasi 1966
Capillaria contorta (Creplin, 1839)
Site: oesophagus Hosts: Anas discors (1)
Gallinago gallinago (2)
Larus argentatus (3)
Passerella iliaca (4)
Dist: Nfld, Que
Records: 1. Mawson 1956b (Que); 2. Threlfall 1968b; 3. Threlfall 1968c; 4. Jewer and Threlfall 1978
Capillaria falconis-nisi (Diesing, 1851)
Site: intestine Hosts: “owl”
Bubo virginianus Dist: Que
Record: Mawson 1956b
Capillaria mergi Madsen, 1945 Site: small intestine Host: Bucephala clangula Dist: Nfld, Ont
Record: Mahoney and Threlfall 1978
Capillaria nyrocinarum Madsen, 1945 Site: caecum, small intestine Hosts: Melanitta fusca Melanitta nigra Melanitta perspicillata Dist: BC, NB, Nfld Record: Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982
Capillaria obsignata Madsen, 1945 Site: caecum
Hosts: Aechmophorus occidentalis (2,3)
Anas rubripes ( 1 )
Podiceps auritus (2,3)
Podiceps grisegena (2,3)
Podiceps nigricollis (2,3)
Dist: Alta, NB, Nfld
Records: 1. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (NB, Nfld); 2. Stock and Holmes 1987 (Alta); 3. Stock and Holmes 1988 (Alta)
Capillaria ovopunctatum (Linstow, 1873)
Syn: Capillaria quiscala Read, 1949 Site: small intestine
3
Hosts: Quiscalus quiscula versicolor ( 1 ,2) Sturnus vulgaris ( 1 )
Dist: Man, Que
Records: 1. Mawson 1956b (Que); 2. Hodasi 1963 (Man)
Capillaria spinulosa (Linstow, 1848)
Site: caecum Host: Anas rubripes Dist: NB, Nfld
Record: Mahoney and Threlfall 1978
Capillaria tridens (Dujardin, 1845)
Site: small intestine Host: Pipilo erythropthalmus Dist: Man
Record: Hodasi 1963
Capillaria species Site: oesophagus
Hosts: “ducks, geese and swans” (2)
Anas platyrhynchos (domestic) ( 1 )
Anas rubripes ( 1 ,4,6)
Bucephala clangula (1,3)
Ceryle alcyon (7)
Corvus brachyrhynchos ( 1 )
Larus delawarensis (3)
Phasianus colchicus (5)
Dist: NB, Nfld, Ont, Que Records: 1. Mawson 1956b (Que); 2. Karstad and Sileo 1971 (Ont); 3. Sileo et al. 1977 (Ont);
4. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (NB, Nfld, Ont);
5. Blanchard and Saint-Jacques 1979 (Que);
6. McLaughlin and Burt 1979 (NB); 7. Scott 1984 (Que)
SUPERFAMILY MUSPICIOIDEA FAMILY ROBERTDOLLFUSIDAE
Robertdollfusa species
Site: oesophageal region of body cavity Host: Larus argentatus Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1968c
SUBCLASS SECERNENTEA ORDER RHABDITIDA
SUPERFAMILY RHABDITOIDEA FAMILY STRONGYLOIDIDAE
Strongyloides species Site: intestine Host: Ceryle alcyon Dist: Que
Record: Scott 1984
ORDER STRONGYLIDA
SUPERFAMILY STRONG YLOIDEA FAMILY SYNGAMIDAE SUBFAMILY SYNGAMINAE
Cyathostoma bronchialis (Muehling, 1884)
Site: trachea
Host: Branta canadensis
Dist: Ont
Record: Fernando et al. 1973
Cyathostoma lari (Blanchard, 1849)
Site: trachea
Host: Larus argentatus
Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1968c
Cyathostoma species Site: trachea
Host: “ducks, geese and swans”
Dist: Ont
Record: Karstad and Sileo 1971
Syngamus trachea Siebold, 1836 Site: trachea
Hosts: Agelaius phoenicus (2)
Ceryle alcyon (5)
Passerella iliac a (3)
Phasianus colchicus ( 1 ,4)
Seiurus noveboracensis (3)
Dist: Nfld, Ont, Que
Records: 1. Kingscote 1957 (Ont); 2. Rau et al.
1978 (Que); 3. Jewer and Threlfall 1978 (Nfld);
4. Blanchard and Saint-Jacques 1979 (Que);
5. Scott 1984 (Que)
SUPERFAMILY TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA FAMILY AMIDOSTOMATIDAE SUBFAMILY AMIDOSTOMATINAE
Amidostomum acutum (Lundahl, 1848)
Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Anas crecca (2)
Anas discors (2)
Anas rubripes (3)
Bucephala clangula (3)
Melanittafusca (4)
Melanitta nigra (4)
Melanitta perspicillata (4)
Somateria mollissima (1)
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld, NS, Ont
Records: 1 . Bishop and Threlfall 1974 (Nfld);
2. Turner and Threlfall 1975 (NB, NS); 3. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (NB, Nfld, Ont); 4. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC, NB, Nfld)
4
Amidostomum anseris (Zeder, 1 800)
Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: “geese” (1,6)
“gosling” (5)
Anas acuta (9)
Anas platyrhynchos (3,9)
Branta canadensis (4,10)
Branta species (2)
Bucephala clangula (8)
Chen caerulescens (11)
Cygnus buccinator (8)
Cygnus columbianus (8)
Cygnus species (7)
Dist: BC, Man, Ont
Records: 1. Cram 1928 (Ont); 2. Swales 1933 (Ont); 3. Wickware 1940 (Ont); 4. Wickware 1941 (Ont); 5. McCraw 1952 (BC); 6. Oliver 1952 (Ont); 7. Mawson 1956c (unspecified);
8. MacNeill 1970 (BC); 9. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man); 10. MacNeill and Barnard 1978 (BC); 11. Tuggle and Crites 1984 (Ont)
Amidostomum cygni Wehr, 1933 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Cygnus columbianus Gavia stellata Somateria spectabilis Dist: Que
Record: Mawson 1956c
Amidostomum spatulatum Baylis, 1932 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Chen caerulescens (2)
Chen caerulescens atlanticus (1)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Mawson 1956c (unspecified); 2.
Tuggle and Crites 1984 (Ont)
Amidostomum species
Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: “ducks, geese and swans” (3)
“wild swans” (4)
Anas clypeata (2)
Anas discors ( 1 )
Chen caerulescens (4)
Cygnus columbianus (5)
Cygnus buccinator (5)
Melanitta perspicillata (6)
Dist: BC, Man, NB, Nfld, Ont Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Buscher 1966 (Man); 3. Karstad and Sileo 1971 (Ont);
4. MacNeill and Barnard 1978 (BC); 5. McKelvey and MacNeill 1981 (BC); 6. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC, NB, Nfld)
SUBFAMILY EPOMIDIOSTOMUM
Epomidiostomum crami Wetzel, 1931 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Chen caerulescens (3)
Aythya collaris (2)
Bucephala clangula (1)
Dist: NB, Ont
Records: 1. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (Ont);
2. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (NB, Ont);
3. Tuggle and Crites 1984 (Ont)
Epomidiostomum uncinatum (Lundahl, 1848)
Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Anas acuta (1,3)
Anas clypeata ( 1 )
Anas crecca (4)
Anas discors (2,4)
Anas platyrhynchos (3)
Anas rubripes (5)
Anas strepera ( 1 )
Melanitta nigra (6)
Dist: BC, Man, NB, Nfld, NS Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Buscher 1966 (Man); 3. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man);
4. Turner and Threlfall 1975 (NB, NS); 5. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (NB, Nfld); 6. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC, NB, Nfld)
FAMILY TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE SUBFAMILY TRICHOSTRONGYLINAE
Trichostrongylus tenuis (Mehlis, 1846)
Site: caecum Hosts: Anser anser ( 1 )
Chen caerulescens atlanticus (2)
Chen caerulescens (2)
Dist: NWT, Ont
Records: 1. Griffiths 1947 (Ont); 2. Mawson 1956c (NWT)
FAMILY ORNITHOSTRONGYLIDAE SUBFAMILY ORNITHOSTRONGYLINAE
Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus (Stevenson, 1904)
Site: unspecified Hosts: Columba livia (1)
Columba species (2)
Dist: Ont, unspecified
Records: 1. Glover 1947 (Ont); 2. Speckman 1976 (unspecified)
5
ORDER ASCARIDIDA
SUPERFAMILY HETERAKOIDEA FAMILY HETERAKIDAE SUBFAMILY HETERAKINAE
Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788)
Syn: Heterakis gallinae (Gmelin, 1790)
Site: caecum Host: Gallus gallus Dist: Man, Sask
Records: 1. Hodasi 1966 (Man); 2. Riddell and Gajadhar 1988 (Sask)
Heterakis isolonche Linstow, 1906 Site: caecum
Host: Phasianus colchicus Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Swales 1933; 2. Mitchell 1953
FAMILY ASCARIDIIDAE
Ascaridia compar (Schrank, 1790)
Site: caecum
Host: Lagopus lagopus
Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1968b
Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788)
Syns: Ascaridia lineata Schneider, 1866 Ascaridia bonasae Wehr, 1940 Site: caecum
Hosts: Bonasa umbellus (1,3,4)
Gallus gallus (2)
Dist: Man, Ont
Records: 1. Clarke 1936 (Ont); 2. Hodasi 1966 (Man); 3. Anon. 1967 (Ont): 4. Fyvie and Addison 1979 (Ont)
Ascaridia species fourth-stage larvae Site: intestine Host: Meleagris gallopavo Dist: Ont
Record: Hemsley 1971
SUPERFAMILY ASCARIDOIDEA FAMILY ANISAKIDAE SUBFAMILY GOEZIINAE
Contracaecum anasi Mawson, 1956 Site: unspecified Host: Anas rubripes Dist: Que
Record: Mawson 1956a
Contracaecum magnicollare Johnston and Mawson, 1941 Site: unspecified Host: Diomedea species Dist: BC
Record: Mawson 1956a
Contracaecum microcephalum (Rudolphi, 1809)
Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Botaurus lentiginosus Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1968b
Contracaecum ovale Linstow, 1907 Site: intestine
Hosts: Aechmophorus occidentalis Podiceps auritus Podiceps grisegena Podiceps nigricollis Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Stock and Holmes 1987; 2. Stock and Holmes 1988
Contracaecum pelagicum Johnston and Mawson, 1942
Site: unspecified Host: Diomedea species Dist: BC
Record: Mawson 1956a
Contracaecum podicipitis Johnston and Mawson, 1949
Site: unspecified Host: Podilymbus podiceps Dist: unspecified Record: Mawson 1956a
Contracaecum spiculigerum (Rudolphi, 1809)
Site: gizzard Hosts: Alca torda (5)
Larus argentatus (4)
Larus marinus (2)
Phalacrocorax auritus ( 1 )
Podilymbus podiceps (3)
Rissa tridactyla (2)
Uria aalge (5)
Uria lomvia (5)
Dist: NB, Nfld
Records: 1. Mawson 1956a (NB); 2. Threlfall 1968a (Nfld); 3. Threlfall 1968b (Nfld); 4. Threlfall 1968c (Nfld); 5. Threlfall 1971 (Nfld)
Contracaecum yamaguti Mawson, 1956 Site: unspecified Hosts: Mergus merganser Dist: unspecified Record: Mawson 1956a
6
Contracaecum species
Site: proventriculus (1)
unspecified (2)
Hosts: Larus argentatus (2)
Puffinus gravis ( 1 )
Dist: Nfld
Records: 1. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1979 (Nfld); 2. Threlfall 1968c (Nfld)
FAMILY ASCARIDIDAE SUBFAMILY TOXOCARINAE
Porrocaecum brevispiculum Webster, 1943 Site: small intestine Host: Passerella iliaca Dist: Nfld
Records: 1 . Threlfall 1968b 2. Jewer and Threlfall 1978
Porrocaecum depressum (Zeder, 1800)
Site: intestine Host: Bubo virginianus Dist: Alta, Man
Records: 1. Morgan and Schiller 1950 (Man); 2. Ramalingam and Samuel 1978 (Alta)
Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Zeder, 1 800)
Site: gizzard, under lining and small intestine Hosts: Corvus brachyrhynchos ( 1)
Molothrus ater ( 1 )
Quiscalus quiscula ( 1 ,2)
Sturnus vulgaris (2)
Turdus migratorius ( 1 ,2)
Dist: Ont, Que
Records: 1. Mawson 1956a (Que); 2. McNeill 1988 (Ont)
Porrocaecum semiteres (Zeder, 1 800)
Site: unspecified Host: Larus argentatus Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1968c
Porrocaecum trichuriforme Mawson, 1956 Site: unspecified Hosts: Bubo virginianus
Falco peregrinus anatum Dist: Ont
Record: Mawson 1956a
Porrocaecum species
Site: intestine (2), unspecified (1)
Hosts: Agelaius phoeniceus (2)
Corvus brachyrhynchos ( 1 )
Turdus migratorius (1)
Dist: Que
Records: 1. Rayner 1932; 2. Rau et al. 1978
Ascarididae, unidentified larvae Site: intestine
Hosts: Corvus brachyrhynchos (1) Meleagris gallopavo (2)
Dist: Man, Nfld
Records: 1. Andrews and Threlfall 1975 (Nfld); 2. Neufeld 1987 (Man)
ORDER SPIRURIDA
SUPERFAMILY DRACUNCULOIDEA FAMILY DRACUNCULIDAE
Avioserpens nana Mawson, 1957 Site: unspecified Host: Ardea herodias Dist: Que
Record: Mawson 1957 Avioserpens species
Site: connective tissue between oesophagus and trachea
Hosts: Botaurus lentiginosus Ixobrychus exilis Dist: Ont, Que Record: Gibson 1973
SUPERFAMILY THELAZIOIDEA FAMILY THELAZIDAE SUBFAMILY OXYSPIRURINAE
Oxyspirura petrowi Skrjabin, 1929
Syn: Oxyspirura lumsdeni Addison and Anderson, 1969 Site: orbits
Hosts: Bonasa umbellus
Centrocercus urophasianus Tympanuchus phasianellus Tympanuchus cupido Dist: Ont, Sask
Record: Addison and Anderson 1969
SUPERFAMILY SPIRUROIDEA FAMILY SPIROCERCIDAE SUBFAMILY ASCAROPSINAE
Physocephalus sexalatus third-stage larvae
Site: serosa of small and large intestine and mesentery
Hosts: Bartramia longi cauda Numenius americanus Dist: Alta, Man Record: Bartlett et al. 1987
7
SUPERFAMILY HABRONEMATOIDEA FAMILY HABRONEMATIDAE SUBFAMILY HABRONEMATINAE
Cyrnea americanum Chandler, 1941 Site: proventriculus, gizzard Host: Bubo virginianus Dist: Alta
Record: Ramalingam and Samuel 1978
Cyrnea longispicula Walton, 1927 Site: proventriculus, gizzard Host: Nyctea scandiaca Dist: Alta
Record: Ramalingam and Samuel 1978
Habronema mansioni Seurat, 1914
Syns: Spiroptera longistriata Molin, 1859 Cheilospirura longistriata Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Buteo jamaicensis borealis Falco peregrinus anatum Dist: Que, Sask Record: Mawson 1956e
SUBFAMILY HISTIOCEPHALINAE
Stellocaronema skrjabini Gilbert, 1930
Syn: Stellocaronema glareolae Mawson, 1968 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Bartramia longicauda (3)
Calidris alba (1,2,3)
Calidris alpina ( 1 ,2,3)
Calidris himantopus (3)
Calidris mauri (1)
Calidris minutilla (3)
Calidris pusilla (3)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (2,3) Charadrius semipalmatus (2)
Limosa fedoa (2,3)
Limnodromus scolopaceus (3)
Phalaropus lobatus (2)
Tringa melanoleuca (2)
Dist: Alta, BC, Man, NB, Sask Records: 1. Adams and Gibson 1969 (BC);
2. Wong 1985 (Alta, Man); 3. Wong and Anderson in press (Alta, NB, Sask)
FAMILY TETRAMERIDAE SUBFAMILY TETRAMERINAE
Microtetrameres bubo Schell, 1953 Site: proventriculus, gizzard Host: Bubo virginianus Dist: Alta
Record: Ramalingam and Samuel 1978
Microtetrameres canadensis Mawson, 1956 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Ardea herodias Nyctea scandiaca Dist: Que
Record: Mawson 1956d
Microtetrameres helix Cram, 1927 Site: proventriculus Host: Corvus brachyrhynchos Dist: Man, Que
Records: 1. Mawson 1956e (Que); 2. Hodasi 1963 (Man)
Microtetrameres species Site: proventriculus Hosts: Agelaius phoeniceus (2,5)
Nyctea scandiaca (3)
Quiscalus quiscula versicolor (1)
Tyrannus tyrannus (4)
Dist: Alta, Man, Que
Records: 1. Hodasi 1963 (Man); 2. Rau et al.
1978 (Que); 3. Ramalingam and Samuel 1978 (Alta); 4. MacKenzie et al. 1979 (Man); 5. Hood and Welch 1980 (Man)
Tetrameres ardamericanus Boyd, 1966 Site: proventriculus Host: Ardea herodias Dist: Ont
Record: Boyd 1966
Tetrameres crami Swales, 1933 Site: proventriculus Host: Anas platyrhynchos (domestic)
Dist: Ont, Que
Records: 1. Swales 1933a, b (Ont); 2. Swales 1936 (Que)
Tetrameres fissispina (Diesing, 1861)
Syns: Tropidocerca fissispina Tropisurus fissispina Acanthophorus horridus Linstow, 1876 Acanthophorus tenuis Linstow, 1876 Filaria pulicis Linstow, 1894 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Anas rubripes ( 1 )
Aythya collaris (2)
Melanittafusca (3)
Melanitta nigra (3)
Melanitta perspicillata (3)
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld, Ont Records: 1. Mahoney andThrelfall 1978 (NB, Nfld); 2. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 3. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC, NB, Nfld)
Tetrameres occinea (Seurat, 1914)
Site: proventriculus Host: Phoenicopterus ruber Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1981
Tetrameres ryjikovi Khuan, 1961 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Anas crecca (1)
Anas discors ( 1 )
Bucephala clangula (2)
Dist: Nfld, Ont
Records: 1. Turner and Threlfall 1975 (Nfld);
2. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (Nfld, Ont)
Tetrameres somateriae Ryzhikov, 1963 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Melanitta fusca ( 1)
Melanitta nigra ( 1 )
Melanitta perspicillata (1)
Somateria mollissima (2)
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld
Records: 1. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC,
NB, Nfld); 2. Bishop and Threlfall 1974 (Nfld)
Tetrameres spinosa (Maplestone, 1931)
Syn: Echinuria spinosa Site: proventriculus Hosts: Melanittafusca Melanitta nigra Melanitta perspicillata Dist: BC, NB, Nfld Record: Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982
Tetrameres species Site: proventriculus Hosts: “ducks, geese and swans” (1)
Agelaius phoeniceus (7)
Anas rubripes (4)
Aythya collaris (5)
Bucephala clangula (4)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (9) Larus delawarensis (2)
Melanittafusca (8)
Melanitta perspicillata (8)
Lophodytes cucullatus (3)
Puffinus gravis (6)
Dist: Alta, BC, Man, NB, Nfld, Ont Records: 1. Karstad and Sileo 1971 (Ont);
2. Sileo et al. 1977 (Ont); 3. Bain and Threlfall 1977 (Ont); 4. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (unspecified); 5. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 6. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1979 (BC, NB, Nfld); 7. Hood and Welch 1980 (Man); 8. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (NB, Nfld, Ont); 9. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta)
SUBFAMILY GEOPETITIINAE
Geopetitia aspiculata Webster, 1971 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Anitibyx armatus
Chloropsis hardwickei Irena puella Minla cyanouroptera Myiophoneus caeruleus Phoeniculus purpureus Pitangus sulphuratus Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotus jocosus Saltator coerulescens Tachyphonus rufus Thraupis episcopus Thraupis palmarum Dist: Man (all the birds were from the
Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg) Record: Bartlett et al. 1984
SUPERFAMILY ACUARIOIDEA FAMILY ACUARIIDAE SUBFAMILY ACUARIINAE
Acuaria anthuris (Rudolphi, 1819)
Syns: Spiroptera anthuris Filaria anthuris Dispharagus anthuris Acuaria ornata (Gendre, 1912)
Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Corvus brachyrhynchos Dist: Ont, Que
Records: 1. Mawson 1956e (Que); 2. Wong unpublished data (Ont)
Acuaria species
Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: “ducks, geese and swans” (1)
Numenius americanus (3)
Tyrannus tyrannus (2)
Tyrannus verticalis (2)
Dist: Alta, Man, Ont
Records: 1. Karstad and Sileo 1971 (Ont);
2. MacKenzie et al. 1979 (Man); 3. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta)
Cheilospirur a spinosa (Cram, 1927)
Syn: Acuaria spinosa Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Bonasa umbellus ( 1)
Callipepla californica (2)
Tympanuchus phasianellus ( 1 )
Dist: BC, Ont
Records: 1. Clarke 1936 (Ont); 2. Chandler 1970 (BC)
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Chevreuxia americana Schmidt, 1968 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Charadrius vociferus Pluvialis squatarola Recurvirostra americana Dist: Alta, Man
Record: Wong and Anderson unpublished data
Cosmocephalus capellae Yamaguti, 1935 Site: oesophagus Host: Gallinago gallinago Dist: Ont
Record: Threlfall 1968d
Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825)
Syns: Spiroptera obvelatus Filar ia obvelatus Dispharagus obvelatus Cosmocephalus diesingi Molin, 1858 Spiroptera adunca Stossich, 1892 Cosmocephalus aduncus Yorke and Maplestone, 1926 Cosmocephalus obvelatus magnus Vasilkova, 1926
Cosmocephalus faridi Khalil, 1931 Cosmocephalus firlottei Rao, 1951 Cosmocephalus tanakai Rodrigues and Vicente, 1963 Site: oesophagus Hosts: Bombycilla cedrorum (3)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (8) Larus argentatus ( 1 ,4)
Larus delawarensis (6,7)
Larus marinus (2)
Limosa fedoa (8)
Phalaropus tricolor (8)
Rissa tridactyla (2)
Tringa flavipes (8)
Uria aalge (5)
Dist: Alta, Nfld, Ont, Que Records: 1. Rao 1951 (Que); 2. Threlfall 1968a (Nfld); 3. Threlfall 1968b (Nfld) 4. Threlfall 1968c (Nfld); 5. Threlfall 1971 (Nfld); 6. Sileo et al. 1977 (Ont); 7. Anderson and Wong 1981 (Ont); 8. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta)
Desportesius triaenucha (Wright, 1879)
Syns: Filaria triaenucha Acuaria triaenucha Streptocara triaenucha Desportesius canadensis Mawson, 1956 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Ardea herodias (2)
Botaurus lentiginosus ( 1 ,2)
Dist: Ont, Que
Records: 1. Wright 1879 (Ont); 2. Mawson 1956d (Que)
Dispharynx nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819)
Syns: Spiroptera nasuta Dispharagus nasutus Acuaria ( Dispharynx ) nasuta Cheilospirura nasuta Dispharagus spiralis Molin, 1858 Acuaria spiralis
Dispharagus nasutus Piana, 1897 Dispharagus columbae Bridre, 1910 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Agelaius phoeniceus { 1,2)
Charadrius vociferus (3)
Dist: Alta, Man, Que
Records: 1. Rau et al. 1978 (Que); 2. Hood and Welch 1980 (Man); 3. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta)
Echinuria borealis Mawson, 1956 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Clangula hyemalis (1)
Melanitta perspicillata (3)
Somateria mollissima (2)
Somateria spectabilis (1)
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld, Que Records: 1. Mawson 1956d (Que); 2. Bishop and Threlfall 1974 (Nfld); 3. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC, NB, Nfld)
Echinuria hypognatha Wehr, 1937 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Melanitta nigra
Melanitta perspicillata Dist: BC, NB, Nfld Record: Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982
Echinuria parva Cram, 1928 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Branta canadensis (1,3)
Branta species (2)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Cram 1928; 2. Swales 1933;
3. Wickware 1941
Echinuria uncinata (Rudolphi, 1819)
Syns: Spiroptera uncinata Dispharagus uncinata Acuaria ( Hamannia ) uncinata Hamannia uncinata Echinuria jugadornata Soloviev, 1912 Site: proventriculus Hosts: Anas acuta (2,4)
Anas discors (2,3)
Anas platyrhynchos ( 1 ,2,4)
Aythya americana (2)
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Aythya valisineria (2)
Bucephala albeola (2)
Calidris alba (6)
Calidris bairdii (6)
Calidris pusilla (6)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (6) Cygnus buccinator (2)
Limosa fedoa (6)
Phalaropus tricolor (6)
Somateria mollissima (5)
Dist: Alta, Man, NB, Nfld, Sask Records: 1. Mawson 1956e (Alta); 2. Cornwell 1963 (Man); 3. Buscher 1966 (Man); 4. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man); 5. Bishop and Threlfall 1974 (Nfld); 6. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta, Man, NB, Sask)
Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846)
Syns: Spiroptera adunca Dispharagus aduncus Filaria tridentata Linstow, 1877 Spiroptera tridentata Paracuaria tridentata
Rusguniella transcaucasica Solonitsin, 1932 Streptocara transcaucasica Paracuaria macdonaldi Rao, 1951 Streptocara rissae Kreis, 1958 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Ardea herodias (2)
Cepphus columba (2)
Diomedea nigripes (2)
Gavia species (2)
Larus argentatus ( 1 ,2,6)
Larus canus (2)
Larus delawarensis (2,6)
Larus glaucescens (2)
Larus marinus (2)
Larus pipixcan (2)
Larus thayeri (2)
Melanitta perspicillata (2)
Podiceps auritus (2)
Rissa tridactyla (3)
Somateria mollissima (6)
Uria aalge (2)
Dist: Atlantic coast, BC, midwest, Nfld, Ont Records: 1. Rao 1951 (Que); 2. Gibson 1968 (Atlantic coast, BC, midwest, Ont); 3. Threlfall 1968a (Nfld); 4. Threlfall 1968c (Nfld); 5. Bishop and Threlfall 1974 (Nfld); 6. Wong and Anderson 1982a (Ont)
Pectinospirura argentata Wehr, 1933
Syn: Pectinospirura sobolevi Turemuratov,
1965
Site: proventriculus
Hosts: Larus delawarensis (1)
Numenius americanus (2)
Dist: Alta, Ont
Records: 1. Wong and Anderson 1982b (Ont);
2. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta)
Skrjabinocerca prima Shikhobalova, 1930 Site: oesophagus
Hosts: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus
(2)
Charadrius vociferus (2)
Phalaropus tricolor (2)
Pluvialis squatarola (2)
Recurvirostra americana ( 1 ,2)
Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Wong et al. 1987; 2. Bartlett et al. 1989
Skrjabinoclava bakeri Wong and Anderson, 1988 for (1987)
Site: proventriculus
Host: Calidris pusilla
Dist: Alta, NB, NS, Ont
Record: Wong and Anderson in press
Skrjabinoclava bartlettae Wong and Anderson,
1988 for (1987)
Site: proventriculus Host: Pluvialis squatarola Dist: Alta
Record: Wong and Anderson in press
Skrjabinoclava inornatae Wong and Anderson,
1988 for (1987)
Syn: Skrjabinoclava horrida Wong and Anderson, 1983 Site: proventriculus
Hosts: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus
(2)
Larus delawarensis ( 1 )
Dist: Alta, Man, Ont
Records: 1. Wong and Anderson 1983 (Ont); 2. Wong and Anderson in press (Alta, Man)
Skrjabinoclava kritscheri Wong and Anderson,
1988 for (1987)
Site: proventriculus Host: Limosa fedoa Dist: Alta, Man
Record: Wong and Anderson in press
Skrjabinoclava morrisoni Wong and Anderson,
1988 for (1987)
Site: proventriculus
Host: Calidris pusilla
Dist: Alta, Man, NB, NS, Ont, Sask
Record: Wong and Anderson in press
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Skrjabinoclava pusillae Wong and Anderson, 1988 for (1987)
Site: proventriculus Hosts: Calidris pusilla
Charadrius semipalmatus Dist: Alta, Man, NB, NS, Ont, Sask Record: Wong and Anderson in press
Skrjabinoclava tupacincai Wong and Anderson,
1988 for (1987)
Site: proventriculus Hosts: Calidris alba Calidris alpina Calidris pusilla Dist: Man, NB, Sask Record: Wong and Anderson in press
Unidentified Skrjabinoclava larvae Site: proventriculus Hosts: Calidris alba Calidris pusilla Charadrius semipalmatus Dist: Alta, Man, NB, NS, Ont, Sask Record: Wong and Anderson in press
Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883)
Syns: Filaria squamata
Dispharagus squamatus
Acuaria squamata
Hamannia squamata
Echinuria squamata
Skrjabinocara squamata
Chordocephalus squamata
Skrjabinocara schikhobalovi Guschanskaya,
1950
Skrjabinocara skrjabini Guschanskaya, 1950 Skrjabinocara tiofejevi Guschanskaya, 1950 Skrjabinocara viktori Guschanskaya, 1950 Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Phalacrocorax auritus Dist: Ont
Record: Wong et al. 1986
Synhimantus species
Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Botaurus lentiginosus Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1968b
SUBFAMILY SEURATINAE
Aviculariella alcyona Wehr, 1931 Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Ceryle alcyon Dist: Ont, Que
Records: 1. Mawson 1956e (Que); 2. Boyd and Fry 1971 (Ont); 3. Anderson et al. 1980 (Ont); 4. Scott (Que)
Molinacuaria bendelli (Adams and Gibson, 1969)
Syn: Ancyracanthopsis bendelli Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus Dist: BC
Record: Adams and Gibson 1969
Seuratia shipleyi (Stossich, 1900)
Syns: Gnathostoma shipleyi Rictularia shipleyi Prionostemma shipleyi Rictularia paradoxa Linstow, 1903 Acuaria pelagica Seurat, 1916 Prionostemma pelagicum Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Pujfinus gravis Dist: Nfld
Record: Bourgeois and Threlfall 1979
Stegophorus stellae-pollaris (Parana, 1901)
Syns: Histiocephalus stellae-pollaris Streptocara stellae-pollaris Yseria stellae-pollaris Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Uria lomvia Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1971
Stegophorus species
Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Puffinus gravis Dist: Nfld
Record: Bourgeois and Threlfall 1979
Streptocara calif ornica (Gedoelst, 1919)
Syns: Yseria californica
Skrjabinobronema californica Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Anas platyrhynchos ( 1 )
Aythya marila ( 1 )
Aythya valisineria (1)
Bucephala islandica ( 1 )
Clangula hyemalis (1)
Melanittafusca (1,2)
Melanitta nigra (1,2)
Melanitta perspicillata (1,2)
Mergus merganser ( 1 )
Mergus serrator ( 1 )
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld
Records: 1. Gibson 1968 (BC); 2. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1 982 (BC, NB, Nfld)
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Streptocara crassicauda (Creplin, 1829)
Syns: Spiroptera crassicauda Dispharagus crassicauda Streptocara crassicauda anseri Skrjabin, 1916 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )
Anas discors (2)
Anas platyrhynchos ( 1 )
Melanitta fusca (4)
Melanitta nigra (4)
Melanitta perspicillata (4)
Lophodytes cucullatus (3)
Dist: BC, Man, NB, Nfld, Ont
Records: 1. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man);
2. Turner and Threlfall 1975 (Nfld); 3. Bain and Threlfall 1977 (Ont); 4. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC,NB, Nfld)
Streptocara c. crassicauda Gibson, 1968 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Actitis macularia Anas clypeata Anas platyrhynchos Ay thy a mar i la Aythya valisineria Bucephala clangula Bucephala islandica Cepphus columha Clangula hyemalis Larus thayeri Lophodytes cucullatus Melanitta nigra Melanitta perspicillata Mergus merganser Mergus serrator Oxyura jamaicensis Tympanuchus phasianellus Dist: BC
Record: Gibson 1968
Streptocara formosensis Sugimoto, 1930 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Anas platyrhynchos ( 1 )
Aythya col laris (4)
Bucephala albeola (1)
Bucephala clangula ( 1 ,3)
Bucephala islandica (1)
Clangula hyemalis (1)
Lophodytes cucullatus (2)
Melanitta fusca deglandi (1)
Melanitta perspicillata ( 1 ,4)
Mergus merganser (1)
Mergus serrator ( 1 )
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld, Ont Records: 1. Gibson 1968 (BC); 2. Bain and Threlfall 1977 (Ont); 3. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (Nfld, Ont); 4. Noseworthy and Threlfall
1978 (Ont); 5. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC, NB, Nfld)
Streptocara incognita Gibson, 1968 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Anas platyrhnychos Bucephala islandica Oxyura jamaicensis Dist: Alta, BC Record: Gibson 1968
Streptocara recta (Linstow, 1879)
Syns: Filaria recta
Spiroptera recta Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Podiceps auritus Dist: BC
Record: Gibson 1968
Streptocara tridentata (Linstow, 1877)
Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Larus argentatus Dist: Nfld
Record: Threlfall 1968c
Streptocara species
Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (2)
Charadrius vociferus (2)
Melanitta perspicillata ( 1 )
Pluvialis squatarola (2)
Recurvirostra americana (2)
Dist: Alta, BC, NB, Nfld Records: 1. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC, NB, Nfld); 2. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta)
SUBFAMILY SCHISTOROPHINAE
Ancyracanthopsis coronata (Molin, 1860)
Syns: Spiroptera coronata
Histiocephalus coronata Yseria coronata Skrjabinohronema coronata Ancyracanthus bilabiatus Molin, 1860 Ancyracanthopsis bilabiatus Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Actitis macularia (1, 2)
Limosafedoa (2)
Dist: Alta, BC, Man
Records: 1. Adams and Gibson 1969 (BC); 2. Wong and Lankester 1985a (Alta, Man)
Ancyracanthopsis heardi Wong and Anderson, 1990 Site: gizzard, under lining Host: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus
13
Dist: Alta
Record: Wong and Anderson 1990
Ancyracanthopsis winegardi Wong and Anderson,
1990
Syn: Ancyracanthopsis coronata Wong and Lankester, 1985 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus Limosa fedoa Numenius americanus Pluvialis squatarola Dist: Alta, Man
Record: Wong and Anderson 1990
Schistorophus skrjabini (Vassilkova, 1926)
Syn: Antennocara skrjabini Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (1,2)
Numenius americanus (2)
Dist: Alta, Man
Records: 1. Wong and Lankester 1984a (Man);
2. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta, Man)
Sciadiocara bihamata (Mueller, 1897)
Syns: Ancyracanthus bihamata Ancyracanthopsis bihamata Schistorophus bihamatus Sciadiocara umbellifera Sobolev, 1949 Sciadiocara denticulata Gibson, 1972 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Actitis macularia (1,2)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (3) Limosa fedoa (3)
Pluvialis squatarola (3)
Dist: Alta, BC, Man
Records: 1. Gibson 1972 (BC); 2. Wong and Lankester 1985b (Man); 3. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta, Man)
Sciadiocara umbellifera (Molin, 1860)
Syns: Spiroptera umbellifera Schistorophus umbellifera Spiroptera tantali rubri Molin, 1860 Spiroptera totani Molin, 1860 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (2,3)
Limosa fedoa (3)
Numenius americanus (3)
Pluvialis squatarola ( 1 ,3)
Dist: Alta, Man, Que
Records: 1. Gibson 1972 (Que); 2. Wong and Lankester 1985b (Man); 3. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta)
Sobolevicephalus lichtenfelsi Wong and Lankester,
1985
Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (1,2)
Limosa fedoa (1,2)
Dist: Alta, Man
Records: 1. Wong and Lankester 1985c (Alta,
Man); 2. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta, Man)
Viktor ocara capillaris (Molin, 1860)
Syns: Spiroptera capillaris Cheilospirura capillaris Schistorophus capillaris Viktorocara schejkini Guschanskaya, 1950 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (3)
Charadrius semipalmatus (2,3)
Limosa fedoa (2,3)
Pluvialis squatarola ( 1 ,3)
Dist: Alta, Man, Ont, Que Records: 1. Gibson 1972 (Que); 2. Wong and Lankester 1984b (Man); 3. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta, Ont)
Viktorocara limosae Daiya, 1966
Syns: Viktorocara halcyoni Rhizhikov and Khokhlova, 1964 Viktorocara numenii Petter, 1967 Viktorocara limosae Mawson, 1968 Viktorocara torea Clark, 1978 Site: gizzard, under lining Hosts: Calidris alpina ( 1 )
Calidris pusilla (4)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (3,4) Charadrius semipalmatus (3)
Limosa fedoa (3,4)
Pluvialis squatarola (2,4)
Recurvirostra americana (3)
Dist: Alta, BC, Man, NB, Que
Records: 1. Adams and Gibson 1969 (BC); 2.
Gibson 1972 (Que); 3. Wong and Lankester 1984b (Alta, Man); 4. Wong and Anderson unpublished data (Alta, Man, NB)
SUPERFAMILY DIPLOTRIAENOIDEA FAMILY DIPLOTRIAENIDAE SUBFAMILY DICHEILONEMATINAE
Hamatospiculum species Site: orbit
Host: Asio flammeus Dist: Que
Record: Mawson 1957
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Monopetalonema alcedinis (Rudolphi, 1819)
Site: air sacs Host: Ceryle alcyon Dist: Ont, Que
Records: 1. Mawson 1957 (Que); 2. Anderson 1959b (Ont); 3. Scott 1984 (Que)
Serratospiculoid.es amaculatum (Wehr, 1938)
Syn: Serratospiculum amaculata Site: air sacs Host: Falco mexicanus Dist: Alta, Man
Records: 1. Bigland et al. 1964 (Alta); 2. Mawson 1957 (Man)
Dicheilonematid immature worms Site: air sacs Host: Puffinus gravis Dist: Nfld
Record: Bourgeois and Threlfall 1979
SUBFAMILY DIPLOTRIAENINAE
Diplotriaena agelaius (Walton, 1927)
Syn: Diplotriaenoides translucidus Anderson, 1956
Site: air sacs
Hosts: Dendroica magnolia (3)
Dendroica pensylvanica (3)
Quiscalus quiscula (3)
Seiurus aurocapillus (1,2)
Vermivora ruficapilla (3)
Wilsonia canadensis (3)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1956a; 2. Anderson 1957a; 3. Anderson 1961c
Diplotriaena andersoni Olsen and Braun, 1971 Site: air sacs Host: Lagopus leucurus Dist: Alta
Record: Olsen and Braun 1971
Diplotriaena bargusinica Skrjabin, 1917
Syn: Diplotriaena isabellina Korobova, 1926 Site: air sacs
Hosts: Agelaius phoeniceus (3)
Catharus fuscescens (1,2)
Catharus ustulatus ( 1 )
Quiscalus quiscula (1)
Dist: Man, Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1961c (Ont); 2.
Anderson 1962 (Ont); 3. Hood and Welch 1980 (Man)
Diplotriaena darnaudii Webster and Speckman, 1976
Site: air sacs
Host: Trachyphonus darnaudii Dist: Man (zoo)
Record: Webster and Speckman 1976
Diplotriaena obtusa (Rudolphi, 1802)
Site: air sacs
Hosts: Progne subis (2)
Riparia riparia (1)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1961c; 2. Webster 1974
Diplotriaena ozouxi Henry and Ozoux, 1909 Site: air sacs
Hosts: Pooecetes gramineus (2)
Vermivora ruficapilla (1,3)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Judd 1959 (see Anderson 1959c); 2. Anderson 1959c; 3. Anderson 1961c
Diplotriaena pungens (Schneider, 1 866)
Syn: Diplotriaena sialiae Mawson, 1957 Site: air sacs
Hosts: Sialia currucoides (1)
Quiscalus quiscula (2)
Dist: Alta, Man
Records: 1. Mawson 1957 (Alta); 2. Hodasi 1963 (Man)
Diplotriaena sylvinae Pinto and Noronha, 1970 Site: air sacs
Hosts: Tyrannus tyrannus Tyrannus verticalis Dist: Man
Record: MacKenzie et al. 1979
Diplotriaena thomasi Siebert, 1944 Site: air sacs
Hosts: Junco hyemalis (1)
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (2) Zonotrichia albicollis (1)
Zonotrichia leucophrys ( 1 )
Dist: Man, Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1959c (Ont); 2. Hodasi 1963 (Man)
Diplotriaena tricuspis (Fedtschenko, 1 874)
Site: air sacs
Hosts: Corvus brachyrhynchos (2)
Cyanocitta cristata (1)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1961c; 2. Cawthom and Anderson 1980a, 1980b
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Diplotriaena utae Wong, Anderson and Frimeth, 1983
Site: air sacs
Host: Perisoreus canadensis Dist: Ont
Record: Wong et al. 1983
Diplotriaena species Site: air sacs
Hosts: Agelaius phoeniceus (1)
Corvus brachyrhynchos (2)
Quiscalus quiscula ( 1 )
Vermivora ruficapilla (1)
Dist: Ont, Que
Records: 1. Anderson 1957a (Ont); 2. Mawson 1957 (Que)
Quadriplotriaena hypsokysta Crites, 1964 Site: air sacs
Hosts: Sturnella neglecta Dist.: Alta
Record: Anderson 1989
SUPERFAMILY APROCTOIDEA FAMILY APROCTIDAE SUBFAMILY APROCTINAE
Aprocta turgida Stossich, 1902 Site: nasal and orbital cavities Hosts: Larus californicus Larus delawarensis Dist: Alta
Record: Vermeer 1969
P seudaprocta samueli Bartlett and Anderson, 1986 Site: sir sacs
Host: Cyanocitta cristata Dist: Ont
Record: Bartlett and Anderson 1986
FAMILY DESMIDOCERCIDAE
Desmidocerca incognita Solonitzin, 1932 Site: air sacs
Host: Phalacrocorax auritus Dist: NB
Record: Mawson 1957
Desmidocercella numidica (Seurat, 1920)
Syn: Desmidocercella nudicauda Mawson, 1957
Site: air sacs
Hosts: Ardea herodias ( 1 ,2,3)
Pluvialis squatarola (3)
Dist: BC, NB, Ont, Que
Records: 1. Mawson 1957 (Ont, Que); 2.
Anderson 1959a (Ont); 3. Gibson 1972 (BC, NB, Que)
SUPERFAMILY FILARIOIDEA FAMILY ONCHOCERCIDAE SUBFAMILY DIROFILARIINAE
Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1861)
Site: among tendons and muscles near ankle joint
Hosts: Fulica americana (2)
Podiceps auritus (1)
Podiceps grisegena (2)
Podiceps nigricollis (1)
Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Vanderburgh et al. 1984; 2. Bartlett and Anderson 1987c
Pelecitus tuber cauda Vanderburgh, Anderson and Stock, 1984
Site: among tendons and muscles of knee region
Host: Geothlypis trichas Dist: Ont
Record: Vanderburgh et al. 1984
SUBFAMILY LEMDANINAE
Eufilaria longicaudata Hibler, 1964
Site: connective tissue along trachea and oesophagus
Host: Corvus brachyrhynchos
Dist: Ont
Record: Bartlett and Anderson, 1980a
Eufilaria mcintoshi Anderson and Bennett, 1960 Site: subcutaneous tissue of leg region Host: Padda oryzivora (imported)
Dist: Ont
Record: Anderson and Bennett 1960
Eufilaria sturninus Bartlett, 1982
Site: connective tissue along trachea and oesophagus Host: Sturnus vulgaris Dist: Ont
Record: Bartlett 1982
Eulimdana asperum Bartlett, Anderson and Bush,
1989
Site: connective tissue along trachea and oesophagus
Host: Phalaropus tricolor
Dist: Alta, Man
Record: 1. Bartlett et al. 1989
16
Eulimdana florencae Bartlett and Anderson, 1990 Site: connective tissue along trachea and oesophagus
Host: Calidris himantopus Dist: Alta, Sask
Record: Bartlett and Anderson 1990
Eulimdana juventarum Bartlett, Anderson and Bush, 1989
Site: connective tissue along trachea and oesophagus
Host: Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus
Dist: Alta, Man
Record: Bartlett et al. 1989
Eulimdana pseudolari Bartlett, Anderson and Bush, 1989
Site: connective tissue along trachea and oesophagus
Host: Phalaropus lobatus Dist: NB
Record: Bartlett et al. 1989
Eulimdana species
Site: connective tissue along trachea and oesophagus Hosts: Calidris alba Calidris bairdii Calidris pusilla Chlidonias niger Larus pipixcan Limosa fedoa Recurvirostra americana Sterna hirundo Dist: Alta, NS, Sask Record: Bartlett unpublished data
Lemdana wernaarti Barltett and Anderson, 1987 Site: connective tissue along trachea and oesophagus Hosts: Asio otus
Bubo virginianus Dist: Ont
Record: Bartlett and Anderson 1987a
Sarconema eurycerca Wehr, 1939 Site: heart
Hosts: Cygnus buccinator ( 1,4)
Cygnus columbianus (2,3,4)
Dist: BC, Ont
Records: 1. Cowan 1946 (BC); 2. MacNeill 1975 (BC); 3. Irwin 1975 (Ont); 4. MacNeill and Barnard 1978 (BC)
Sarconema similar to S. euiycerca Site: heart
Host: Chen caerulescens
Dist: unspecified Record: Wobeser 1981
Sarconema species Site: “air sacs”
Host: Melanitta perspicillata
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld
Record: Bourgeois andThrelfall 1982
SUBFAMILY SPLENDIDOFILARIINAE
Aproctella stoddardi Cram, 1931 Site: body cavity Hosts: Bonasa umbellus ( 1 )
Catharus fuscescens (3)
Catharus ustulatus ( 1 )
Dendroica coronata (3)
Geothlypis trichas ( 1 ,2)
Seiurus aurocapillus (2)
Zonotrichia albicollis (1,2)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1957b; Anderson 196 Id;
3. Anderson and Freeman 1969
Aproctella species Site: body cavity Host: Ceryle alcyon Dist: Que
Record: Scott 1984
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi Strom, 1937
Syns: Ornithofilaria inornata Anderson, 1956 Carinema ardea Mawson, 1957 Site: heart, body cavity Hosts: Accipiter gentilis (6)
Accipiter striatus (3)
Ardea herodias (2,4)
Asio otus (3)
Botaurus lentiginosus (2)
Catharus ustulatus (3)
Circus cyaneus (3)
Corvus brachyrhynchos (5)
Corvus corax (3)
Hylocichla mustelina (1)
Icterus galbula (7)
Ixobiychus exilis (4)
Scolopax minor (3)
Seiurus aurocapilus (3)
Sturnus vulgaris (6)
Turdus migratorius (3)
Dist: NB, Ont, Que
Records: 1. Anderson 1956a (Ont); 2. Mawson 1957 (Que); 3. Anderson and Freeman 1969 (Ont);
4. Gibson 1973 (NB, Ont); 5. Bartlett and Anderson 1980a (Ont); 6. Bartlett 1982 (Ont); 7. Vanderburgh and Anderson unpublished data (Ont)
17
Chandlerella chitwoodae Anderson, 1961
Syns: Splendidofilaria flexivaginalis Jones,
1961
Chandlerella hispanica Lopez-Caballero, 1974 Site: within connective tissue or lymphatics
adjacent to blood vessels in lungs and legs and beside spleen and kidneys Hosts: Bonasa umbellus (2)
Corvus brachyrhnchos (3)
Dendragapus obscurus (2)
Padda oryzivora (1) (imported)
Dist: BC, Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1961b (Ont, imported);
2. Gibson 1965 (BC); 3. Bartlett and Anderson 1980a, 1980b (Ont)
Chandlerella bushi Bartlett and Anderson, 1987 Site: within lymphatics adjacent to femoral artery
Host: Fulica americana Dist: Man
Record: Bartlett and Anderson 1987b
Chandlerella quiscali (Linstow, 1904)
Site: beneath pia mater of cerebrum in region of sagittal fissure
Hosts: Corvus brachyrhynchos { 1)
Quiscalus quiscula (2)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Bartlett and Anderson 1980a; 2.
Bartlett unpublished data
Splendidofilaria algonquinensis (Anderson, 1955)
Syns: Ornithofilaria algonquinensis Anderson,
1955
Splendidofilaria passerina Koch and Huizinga, 1971
Site: wall of pulmonary artery Host: Hirundo rustica Dist: Ont
Record: Anderson 1955
Splendidofilaria caperata Hibler, 1964 Site: wall of pulmonary artery Hosts: Agelaius phoeniceus { 3)
Asio otus (4)
Ceryle alcyon (4)
Corvus brachyrhynchos ( 1 )
Fulica americana (5)
Hirundo pyrrhonota (6)
Melospiza melodia (4)
Sturnus vulgaris (2)
Turdus migratorius (3)
Quiscalus quiscula (3)
Dist: Alta, Man, Ont
Records: 1. Bartlett and Anderson 1980a (Ont);
2. Bartlett 1982 (Ont); 3. Bartlett and Anderson
1985 (Ont); 4. Bartlett and Anderson 1987a (Ont); 5. Bartlett and Anderson 1987b (Man); 6. Bartlett unpublished data (Alta)
Splendidofilaria fallisensis (Anderson, 1954)
Syn: Ornithofilaria fallisensis Site; subcutaneous tissue Hosts: Anas platyrhynchos (syn: Anas boschas domesticus ) (1,2,3)
Anas rubripes (2)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1954; 2. Anderson 1956b; 3. Anderson 1960
Splendidofilaria pectoralis Gibson, 1967
Site: subcutaneous tissue of pectoral region,
generally midway between crop and tip of sternum
Hosts: Bonasa umbellus
Dendragapus canadensis Dendragapus obscurus Tympanuchus phasianellus Dist: BC
Record: Gibson 1967
Splendidofilaria wehri Anderson, 1961 Site: behind valve in heart Hosts: Catharus ustulata (1)
Corvus brachyrhynchos (2)
Dist: Ont
Records: 1. Anderson 1961a; 2. Bartlett and Anderson 1980a
Splendidofilaria species
Site: behind valve in heart Host: Asio otus Dist: Ont
Record: Bartlett and Anderson 1987a
18
HOST-PARASITE LIST
ORDER GAVIIFORMES
FAMILY GAVIDAE
Gavia immer (Brunnich)
- Common Loon
- Syn: Colymbus immer Brunnich Eustrongylides tubifex (NB, Ont)
Gavia stellata (Pont.)
- Red-throated Loon
- Syn: Colymbus stellatus Pont. Amidostomum cygni (Que)
Gavia species
- Loon
Paracuaria adunca (BC)
ORDER PODICIPEDIFORMES
FAMILY PODICIPEDIDAE
Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence)
- Western Grebe
- Syn: Podiceps occidentalis Lawrence Capillaria obsignata (Alta)
Contracaecum ovale (Alta)
Podiceps auritus (L.)
- Homed Grebe
- Syn: Colymbus auritus L.
Capillaria obsignata (Alta)
Contracaecum ovale (Alta)
Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Pelecitus fulicaecatrae (Alta)
Streptocara recta (BC)
Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert)
- Red-necked Grebe
- Syn: Colymbus grisegena Boddaert Capillaria obsignata (Alta)
Contracaecum ovale (Alta)
Pelecitus fulicaecatrae (Alta)
Podiceps nigricollis Brehm
- Eared Grebe Capillaria obsignata (Alta)
Contracaecum ovale (Alta)
Pelecitus fulicaecatrae (Alta)
Podilymbus podiceps (L.)
- Pied-billed Grebe
- Syn: Colymbus podiceps L.
Contracaecum podicipitis (unspecified) Contracaecum spiculigerum (Nfld)
ORDER PROCELLARIIFORMES
FAMILY DIOMEDEIDAE
Diomedea nigripes Audubon
- Black-footed Albatross Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Diomedea species
- Albatross
Contracaecum magnicollare (BC) Contracaecum pelagicum (BC)
FAMILY PROCELLARIIDAE
Puffinus gravis (O’Reilly)
- Greater Shearwater
- Syn: Procellaria gravis O’Reilly Contracaecum species (Nfld)
Dicheilonematid immature worms (Nfld) Seuratia shipley i (Nfld)
Stegophorus species (Nfld)
Tetrameres species (NB, Nfld)
ORDER PELECANIFORMES
FAMILY PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson)
- Double-crested Cormorant
- Syn: Carbo auritus Lesson Contracaecum spiculigerum (NB) Desmidocercella incognita (NB)
Syncuaria squamata (Ont)
ORDER CICONIIFORMES SUBORDER ARDEAE
FAMILY ARDEIDAE
Ardea herodias L.
- Great Blue Heron Avioserpens nana (Que)
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (NB, Ont, Que) Desmidocercella numidica (BC, NB, Ont, Que) Desportesius triaenucha (Que)
Eustrongylides tubifex (NB, Ont) Microtetrameres canadensis (Que)
Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Tetrameres ardamericanus (Ont)
19
Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett)
- American Bittern
- Syn: Ardea lentiginosa Rackett Avioserpens species (Ont, Que) Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Que) Contracaecum microcephalum (Nfld) Desportesius triaenucha (Ont, Que) Synhimantus species (Nfld)
Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin)
- Least Bittern
- Syn: Ardea exilis Gmelin Avioserpens species (Ont, Que) Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (NB, Ont)
ORDER PHOENICOPTERIFORMES
FAMILY PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Phoenicopterus ruber L.
- Greater Flamingo Tetrameres occinea (Nfld)
ORDER ANSERIFORMES SUBORDER ANSERES
FAMILY ANATIDAE SUBFAMILY ANSERINAE
Anser anser (L.)
- Graylag Goose Trichostrongylus tenuis (Ont)
Branta canadensis (L.)
- Canada Goose
- Syn: Anas canadensis L. Amidostomum anseris (BC, Ont) Cyathostoma bronchialis (Ont) Echinuria parva (Ont)
Branta species
- Goose
Amidostomum anseris (Ont)
Echinuria parva (Ont)
Chen caerulescens (L.)
- Snow Goose
- Syns: Anas caerulescens L.
Anser hyperboreus Pallas Amidostomum anseris (Ont) Amidostomum spatulatum (Ont) Amidostomum species (BC) Epomidiostomum crami (Ont)
Sarconema similar to S. eurycerca (unspecified)
Trichostrongylus tenuis (NWT)
Chen caerulescens atlanticus (Kennard)
- Greater Snow Goose Amidostomum spatulatum (unspecified) Trichostrongylus tenuis (NWT)
Cygnus buccinator Richardson -Trumpeter Swan Amidostomum anseris (BC) Amidostomum species (BC)
Echinuria uncinata (Man)
Sarconema eurycerca (BC)
Cygnus columbianus Ord
- Tundra Swan
- Syn: Anas columbianus Ord Amidostomum anseris (BC) Amidostomum cygni (Que) Amidostomum species (BC)
Sarconema eurycerca (BC, Ont)
Cygnus species
- Swan
Amidostomum anseris (unspecified)
“Ducks, geese and swans”
Acuaria species (Ont)
Amidostomum species (Ont)
Capillaria species (Ont)
Cyathostoma species (Ont)
Tetrameres species (Ont)
“Geese”
Amidostomum anseris (Ont)
“Gosling”
Amidostomum anseris (BC)
“Wild swans”
Amidostomum species (BC)
SUBFAMILY ANATINAE
Anas acuta L.
- Northern Pintail Amidostomum anseris (Man)
Echinuria uncinata (Man) Epomidiostomum uncinatum (Man) Streptocara crassicauda (Man)
Anas clypeata L.
- Northern shoveler
- Syn: Spatula clypeata (L.) Amidostomum species (Man)
20
Epomidiostomum uncinatum (Man) Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Anas crecca L.
- Green-winged Teal Amidostomum acutum (NB, NS) Epomidiostomum uncinatum (NB, NS) Tetrameres ryjikovi (Nfld)
Anas discors L.
- Blue-winged Teal Amidostomum acutum (NB, NS) Amidostumum species (Man)
Capillaria contorta (Que)
Echinuria uncinata (Man)
Epomidiostomum uncinatum (Man, NB, NS) Streptocara crassicauda (Nfld)
Tetrameres ryjikovi (Nfld)
Anas platyrhynchos L.
- Domestic Duck Amidostomum anseris (Man, Ont)
Capillaria species (Que)
Splendidofilaria fallisensis (Ont)
Tetrameres crami (Ont, Que)
Anas platyrhynchos L.
- mallard
Echinuria uncinata (Alta, Man) Epomidiostomum uncinatum (Man) Streptocara californica (BC)
Streptocara crassicauda (Man)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Streptocara formosensis (BC)
Streptocara incognita (Alta, BC)
Anas rubripes Brewster
- American Black Duck Amidostomum acutum (NB, Nfld, Ont) Capillaria anatis (NB, Nfld, Ont, Que) Capillaria obsignata (NB, Nfld)
Capillaria spinulosa (NB, Nfld)
Capillaria species (NB, Nfld, Ont, Que) Contracaecum anasi (Que) Epomidiostomum uncinatum (NB, Nfld) Splendidofilaria fallisensis (Ont)
Tetrameres fissispina (NB, Nfld)
Tetrameres species (unspecified)
Anas strepera L.
- Gadwall
Epomidiostomum uncinatum (Man)
Aythya americana (Eyton)
- Redhead
- Syn: Fuligula americana Eyton Echinuria uncinata (Man)
Aythya collaris (Donovan)
- Ring-necked Duck
- Syn: Anas collaris Donovan Capillaria anatis (Ont)
Epomidiostomum crami (NB, Ont) Streptocara formosensis (Ont) Tetrameres fissispina (Ont)
Tetrameres species (Ont)
Aythya marila (L.)
- Greater Scaup
- Syn: Anas marila L.
Streptocara californica (BC)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Aythya valisineria (Wilson)
- Canvasback
- Syn: Anas valisineria Wilson Echinuria uncinata (Man)
Streptocara californica (BC)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Bucephala albeola (L.)
- Bufflehead
- Syn: Anas albeola L.
Echinuria uncinata (Man)
Streptocara formosensis (BC)
Bucephala clangula (L.)
- Common Goldeneye
- Syn: Anas clangula L.
Amidostomum acutum (NB, Nfld, Ont) Amidostomum anseris (BC)
Capillaria anatis (NB, Nfld, Ont, Que) Capillaria mergi (Nfld, Ont)
Capillaria species (Ont, Que) Epomidiostomum crami (Ont)
Streptocra c. crassicauda (BC) Streptocara formosensis (BC, Nfld, Ont) Tetrameres ryjikovi (Nfld, Ont) Tetrameres species (unspecified)
Bucephala islandica (Gmelin)
- Barrow’s Goldeneye
- Syn: Anas islandica Gmelin Streptocara californica (BC)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC) Streptocara formosensis (BC) Streptocara incognita (Alta, BC)
Clangula hyemalis (L.)
- Oldsquaw
- Syn: Anas hyemalis L.
Echinuria borealis (Que)
Streptocara californica (BC)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC) Streptocara formosensis (BC)
21
Lophodytes cucullatus (L.)
- Hooded Merganser
- Syn: Mergus cucullatus L.
Capillaria anatis (Ont)
Streptocara crassicauda (Ont)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Streptocara formosensis (Ont)
Tetrameres species (Ont)
Melanittafusca (L.)
- White-winged Scoter
- Syn: Anasfusca L.
Amidostomum acutum (BC, NB, Nfld) Capillaria nyrocinarum (BC, NB, Nfld) Streptocara californica (BC, NB, Nfld) Streptocara crassicauda (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres fissispina (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres somateriae (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres spinosa (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres species (NB, Nfld, Ont)
Melanittafusca deglandi (Bonaparte)
- White-winged Scoter Streptocara formosensis (BC)
Melanitta nigra (L.)
- Black Scoter
- Syn: Anas nigra L.
Amidostomum acutum (BC, NB, Nfld) Capillaria nyrocinarum (BC, NB, Nfld) Echinuria hypognatha (BC, NB, Nfld) Epomidiostomum uncinatum (BC, NB, Nfld) Streptocara californica (BC, NB. Nfld) Streptocara crassicauda (BC, NB, Nfld) Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Tetrameres fissispina (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres somateriae (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres spinosa (BC, NB, Nfld)
Melanitta perspicillata (L.)
- Surf Scoter
- Syn: Anas perspicillata L.
Amidostomum acutum (BC, NB, Nfld) Amidostomum species (BC, NB, Nfld) Capillaria anatis (BC, NB, Nfld)
Capillaria nyrocinarum (BC, NB, Nfld) Echinuria borealis (BC, NB, Nfld) Echinuria hypognatha (BC, NB, Nfld) Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Sarconema species (BC, NB, Nfld) Streptocara californica (BC, NB, Nfld) Streptocara crassicauda (BC, NB, Nfld) Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Streptocara formosensis (BC, Ont) Streptocara species (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres fissispina (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres somateriae (BC, NB, Nfld)
Tetrameres spinosa (BC, NB, Nfld) Tetrameres species (NB, Nfld, Ont)
“Mergansers”
Eustrongylides mergorum (BC)
Mergus merganser L.
- Common Merganser Contracaecum yamaguti (unspecified) Eustrongylides tubifex (NB, Ont) Streptocara californica (BC)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC) Streptocara formosensis (BC)
Mergus serrator L.
- Red-breasted Merganser Eustrongylides tubifex (NB, Ont) Streptocara californica (BC)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC) Streptocara formosensis (BC)
Oxyura jamaicensis (Gmelin)
- Ruddy Duck
- Syn: Anas jamaicensis Gmelin Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC) Streptocara incognita (Alta, BC)
Somateria mollissima (L.)
- Common Eider
- Syn: Anas mollissima L.
Amidostomum acutum (Nfld)
Echinuria borealis (Nfld)
Echinuria uncinata (Nfld)
Paracuaria adunca (Nfld)
Tetrameres somateriae (Nfld)
Somateria spectabilis (L.)
- King Eider
- Syn: Anas spectabilis L.
Amidostomum cygni (Que)
Echinuria borealis (Que)
ORDER FALCONIFORMES SUBORDER ACCIPITRES
FAMILY ACCIPITRIDAE SUBFAMILY ACCIPITRINAE
Accipiter gentilis (L.)
- Northern Goshawk
- Syn: Ealco gentilis L.
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont)
Accipiter striatus Vieillot
- Sharp-shinned Hawk Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont)
22
Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin)
- Red-tailed Hawk
- Syn: Falco jamaicensis Gmelin Habronema mansioni (Que, Sask)
Circus cyaneus (L.)
- Northern Harrier
- Syn: Falco cyaneus L.
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont)
SUBORDER FALCONES
FAMILY FALCONIDAE
Falco mexicanus Schlegel
- Prairie Falcon
- Serratospiculoides amaculatum (Alta, Man)
Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte
- Peregrine Falcon Habronema mansioni (Que, Sask) Porrocaecum trichuriforme (Ont)
ORDER GALLIFORMES
SUPERFAMILY PHASIANOIDEA FAMILY PHASIANIDAE SUBFAMILY PHASIANINAE
Phasianus colchicus L.
- Ring-necked Pheasant Capillaria species (Que)
Heterakis isolonche (Ont)
Syngamus trachea (Ont, Que)
SUBFAMILY TETRAONINAE
Bonasa umbellus (L.)
- Ruffed Grouse
- Syn: Tetrao umbellus L.
Aproctella stoddardi (Ont)
Ascaridia galli (Ont)
Chandlerella chitwoodae (BC)
Cheilospirura spinosa (Ont)
Oxyspirura petrowi (Ont, Sask) Splendidofilaria pectoralis (BC)
Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte)
- Sage Grouse
- Syn: Tetrao urophasianus Bonaparte Oxyspirura petrowi (Ont, Sask)
Dendragapus canadensis (L.)
- Spruce Grouse
- Syn: Tetrao canadensis L.
Splendidofilaria pectoralis (BC)
Dendragapus obscurus (Say)
- Blue Grouse
- Syn: Tetrao obscurus Say Chandlerella chitwoodae (BC) Splendidofilaria pectoralis (BC)
Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (Ridgway)
- Blue Grouse Molinacuaria bendelli (BC)
Gallus gallus (L.)
- Domestic Chicken Ascaridia galli (Man)
Capillaria columbae (Man)
Heterakis gallinarum (Man, Sask)
Lagopus lagopus (L.)
- Willow Ptarmigan
- Syn: Tetrao lagopus L.
Ascaridia compar (Nfld)
Lagopus leucurus (Richardson)
- White-tailed Ptarmigan
- Syn: Tetrao leucurus Richardson Diplotriaena andersoni (Alta)
Tympanuchus cupido (L.)
- Greater Prairie-chicken
- Syn: Tetrao cupido L.
Acuaria spinosa (Ont)
Oxyspirura petrowi (Ont, Sask)
Tympanuchus phasianellus (L.)
- Sharp-tailed Grouse
- Syns: Pedioecetes phasianellus L.
Tetrao phasianellus L. Cheilospirura spinosa (Ont)
Oxyspirura petrowi (Ont, Sask) Splendidofilaria pectoralis (BC) Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
SUBFAMILY MELEAGRIDINAE
Meleagris gallopavo L.
- Domestic Turkey Ascaridia species (Ont)
Ascarididae, unidentified larvae (Man)
SUBFAMILY ODONTOPHORINAE
Callipepla californica (Shaw)
- California Quail
- Syns: Lophortyx californica (Shaw)
Tetrao californica Shaw Cheilospirura spinosa (BC)
23
ORDER GRUIFORMES
FAMILY RECURVIROSTRIDAE
FAMILY RALLIDAE SUBFAMILY RALLINAE
Fulica americana Gmelin
- American Coot Chandlerella bushi (Man)
Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Alta)
Splendidofilaria caper at a (Man)
ORDER CHARADRIIFORMES SUBORDER CHARADRII
FAMILY CHARADRIIDAE SUMBFAMILY CHARADRIINAE
Anitibyx armatus (Burchell)
- Blacksmith Plover Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte
- Semipalmated Plover
- Syn: Tringa hiaticula Ord Skrjabinoclava pusillae (Alta, Man, NB, NS,
Ont, Sask)
Skrjabinoclava unidentified larvae (Alta, Man, NB, NS, Ont, Sask)
Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta, Man) Viktorocara capillaris (Alta, Man, Ont) Viktorocara limosae (Alta, Man)
Charadrius vociferus L.
- Killdeer
Chevreuxia americana (Alta, Man) Dispharynx nasuta (Alta)
Skrjabinocerca prima (Alta)
Streptocara species (Alta)
Viktorocara capillaris (Alta, Man, Ont)
Pluvialis squatarola (L.)
- Black-bellied Plover
- Syn: Tringa squatarola L.
Ancyracanthopsis winegardi (Alta, Man) Chevreuxia americana (Alta, Man) Desmidocercella numidica (BC, NB, Que) Sciadiocara bihamata (Alta, Man)
Sciadiocara umbellifera (Alta, Que) Skrjabinocerca prima (Alta)
Skrjabinoclava bartlettae (Alta)
Streptocara species (Alta)
Viktorocara capillaris (Alta, Que)
Viktorocara limosae (Alta, Man, Que)
Recurvirostra americana Gmelin
- American Avocet Chevreuxia americana (Alta, Man)
Eulimdana species (Alta, NS, Sask) Skrjabinocerca prima (Alta)
Streptocara species (Alta)
Viktorocara limosae (Alta, Man)
SUBORDER SCOLOPACI
FAMILY SCOLOPACIDAE SUBFAMILY SCOLOPACINAE
Actitis macularia (L.)
- Spotted Sandpiper
- Syn: Tringa macularia L.
Ancyracanthopsis coronata (BC, Alta, Man) Sciadiocara bihamata (BC, Man)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein)
- Upland Sandpiper
- Syn: Tringa longicauda Bechstein Physocephalus sexalatus third-stage larvae
(Alta, Man)
Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta, NB, Sask)
Calidris alba (Pallas)
- Sanderling
- Syn: Tringa alba Pallas
Echinuria uncinata (Alta, Man, NB, Sask) Eulimdana species (Alta, NS, Sask) Skrjabinoclava tupacincai (Man, NB, Sask) Skrjabinoclava unidentified larvae (Alta, Man, NB, NS, Ont, Sask)
Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta, BC, Man, NB, Sask)
Calidris alpina (L.)
- Dunlin
- Syn: Tringa alpina L.
Skrjabinoclava tupacincai (Man, NB, Sask) Stellocaronema skrjabini (BC, Alta, Man, NB,
Sask)
Viktorocara limosae (BC)
Calidris bairdii (Coues)
- Baird’s Sandpiper
- Syn: Actodromus bairdii Coues Echinuria uncinata (Alta)
Eulimdana species (Alta, NS, Sask)
Calidris himantopus (Bonaparte)
- Stilt Sandpiper
- Syn: Tringa himantopus Bonaparte
24
Eulimdana florencae (Alta, Sask) Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta, NB, Sask)
Calidris mauri (Cabanis)
- Western Sandpiper
- Syn: Ereunetes mauri Cabanis Stellocaronema skrjabini (BC)
Calidris minutilla (Vieillot)
- Least Sandpiper
- Syn: Tringa minutilla Vieillot Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta, NB, Sask)
Calidris pusilla (L.)
- Semipalmated Sandpiper
- Syn: Tringa pusilla L.
Echinuria uncinata (Alta, Man, NB, Sask) Eulimdana species (Alta, NS, Sask) Skrjabinoclava bakeri (Alta, NB, NS, Ont) Skrjabinoclava morrisoni (Alta, Man, NB, NS, Ont, Sask)
Skrjabinoclava pusillae (Alta, Man, NB, NS, Ont, Sask)
Skrjabinoclava tupacincai (Man, NB, Sask) Skrjabinoclava unidentified larvae (Alta, Man, NB, NS, Ont, Sask)
Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta, NB, Sask) Viktorocara limosae (Alta, Man, NB)
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (Brewster)
- Western Willet Ancyracanthopsis heardi (Alta) Ancyracanthopsis winegardi (Alta, Man) Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Alta)
Echinuria uncinata (Alta, Man)
Eulimdana juventarum (Alta, Man) Schistorophus skrjabini (Alta, Man)
Sciadiocara bihamata (Alta, BC, Man) Sciadiocara umbellifera (Alta, Man) Skrjabinocerca prima (Alta)
Skrjabinoclava inornatae (Alta, Man) Sobolevicephalus lichtenfelsi (Alta, Man) Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta, Man, NB, Sask) Streptocara species (Alta)
Tetrameres species (Alta)
Viktorocara capillaris (Alta, Ont)
Viktorocara limosae (Alta, Man)
Gallinago gallinago (L.)
- Common Snipe
- Syns: Capella gallinago (L.)
Scolopax gallinago L.
Capillaria contorta (Nfld)
Cosmocephalus capellae (Ont)
Limnodromus scolopaceus (Say)
- Long-billed Curlew
- Syn: Limosa scolopacea Say Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta)
Limosa fedoa (L.)
- Marbled Godwit
- Syn: Scolopax fedoa L. Ancyracanthopsis coronata (Alta, Man) Ancyracanthopsis winegardi (Alta, Man) Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Alta)
Echinuria uncinata (Alta, Man)
Eulimdana species (Alta, NS, Sask) Sciadiocara bihamata (Alta, Man) Sciadiocara umbellifera (Alta) Skrjabinoclava kritscheri (Alta, Man) Sobolevicephalus lichtenfelsi (Alta, Man) Stellocaronema skrjabini (Alta, Man) Viktorocara capillaris (Alta, Man) Vikotorcara limosae (Alta, Man)
Numenius americanus Bechstein
- Long-billed Curlew Acuaria species (Alta)
Ancyracanthopsis winegardi (Alta, Man) Pectinospirura argentata (Alta) Physocephalus sexalatus third-stage larvae
(Alta, Man)
Schistorophus skrjabini (Alta, Man) Sciadiocara umbellifera (Alta)
Scolopax minor (Gmelin)
- American Woodcock Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont)
Tringa flavipes (Gmelin)
- Lesser Yellowlegs
- Syn: Scolopax flavipes Gmelin Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Alta)
Tringa melanoleuca (Gmelin)
- Greater Yellowlegs
- Syn: Scolopax melanoleuca Gmelin Stellocaronema skrjabini (Man)
SUBFAMILY PHALAROPODINAE
Phalaropus lobatus (L.)
- Red-necked phalarope
- Syn: Tringa lobata L.
Eulimdana pseudolari (NB)
Phalaropus tricolor (Vieillot)
- Wilson’s Phalarope
- Syn: Steganopus tricolor Vieillot Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Alta)
Echinuria uncinata (Alta, Man)
Eulimdana asperum (Alta, Man) Skrjabinocerca prima (Alta)
25
SUBORDER LARI
FAMILY LARIDAE SUBFAMILY LARINAE
Larus argentatus Pont.
- Herring Gull Capillaria contorta (Nfld) Contracaecum spiculigerum (Nfld) Contracaecum species (Nfld) Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Nfld, Que) Cyathostoma lari (Nfld)
Paracuaria adunca (BC) Porrocaecum semiteres (Nfld) Robertdollfusa species (Nfld) Streptocara tridentata (Nfld)
Larus canus L.
- Mew Gull
Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Larus californicus Lawrence
- California Gull Aprocta turgida (Alta)
Larus delawarensis Ord
- Ring-billed Gull Aprocta turgida (Alta)
Capillaria species (Ont) Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Ont) Paracuaria adunca (Ont) Pectinospirura argentata (Ont) Skrjabinoclava inornata (Ont) Tetrameres species (Ont)
Larus glaucescens Naumann
- Glaucous-winged Gull Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Larus marinus L.
- Great Black-backed Gull Contracaecum spiculigerum (Nfld) Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Nfld) Paracuaria adunca (Atlantic coast)
Larus pipixcan Wagler
- Franklin’s Gull
Eulimdana species (Alta, NS, Sask) Paracuaria adunca (midwest)
Larus thayeri Brooks
- Thayer’s Gull Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Rissa tridactyla (L.)
- Black-legged Kittiwake
- Syn: Larus tridactyla L.
Contracaecum spiculigerum (Nfld) Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Nfld)
SUBFAMILY STERNINAE
Chlidonias niger (L.)
- Black Tern
- Syn: Sterna niger L.
Eulimdana species (Alta, NS, Sask)
Sterna hirundo L.
- Common Tern
Eulimdana species (Alta, NS, Sask)
SUBORDER ALCAE
FAMILY ALCIDAE
Alca torda L.
- Razorbill
Contracaecum spiculigerum (Nfld)
Cepphus columba Pallas
- Pigeon Guillemot Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Streptocara c. crassicauda (BC)
Uria aalge (Pont.)
- Common Murre
- Syn: Colymbus aalge Pont.
Contracaecum spiculigerum (Nfld) Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Nfld) Eustrongylides mergorum (Nfld)
Paracuaria adunca (BC)
Uria lomvia (L.)
- Thick-billed Murre
- Syn: Alca lomvia L.
Contracaecum spiculigerum (Nfld) Eustrongylides mergorum (Nfld)
Stegophorus stellae-pollaris (Nfld)
ORDER COLUMBIFORMES SUBORDER COLUMBAE
FAMILY COLUMBIDAE
Columba livia Gmelin
- Rock Dove
- Syn: Columba domestica livia Gmelin Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus (Ont)
Columba species
- Pigeon
Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus (unspecified)
26
ORDER STRIGIFORMES
FAMILY STRIGIDAE
Asio flammeus (Pont.)
- Short-eared Owl
- Syn: Strix flammea Pont. Hamatospiculum species (Que)
Asio otus (L.)
- Long-eared Owl
- Syn: Strix otus L.
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont)
Lemdana wernaarti (Ont) Splendidofilaria caperata (Ont) Splendidofilaria species (Ont)
Bubo virginianus (Gmelin)
- Great Homed Owl
- Syn: Strix virginianus Gmelin Capillaria falconis-nisi (Que)
Cyrnea americanum (Alta)
Lemdana wernaarti (Ont) Microtetrameres bubo (Alta) Porrocaecum depressum (Alta, Man) Porrocaecum trichuriforme (Ont)
Nyctea scandiaca (L.)
- Snowy Owl
- Syn: Strix scandiaca L.
Cyrnea longispicula (Alta) Microtetrameres canadensis (Que) Microtetrameres species (Alta)
“Owl”
Capillaria falconis-nisi (Que)
ORDER CORACIIFORMES SUBORDER UPUPAE
FAMILY PHOENICULID AE
Phoeniculus purpureus (Miller)
- Green Wood Hoopoe Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
SUPERFAMILY ALCEDIN OIDE A FAMILY ALCEDINIDAE SUBFAMILY CERYLINAE
Ceryle alcyon (L.)
- Belted Kingfisher
- Syn: Alcedo alcyon L.
Aproctella species (Que)
Aviculariella alcyona (Ont, Que) Capillaria species (Que)
Monopetalonema alcedinis (Ont, Que) Splendidofilaria caperata (Ont) Strongyloides species (Que)
Syngamus trachea (Que)
ORDER PICIFORMES SUBORDER PICI
FAMILY CAPITONIDAE
Trachyphorus darnaudii (Prevost and Des Murs)
- d’Amaud’s Barbet Diplotriaena darnaudii (Man)
ORDER PASSERIFORMES SUBORDER TYRANNI
SUPERFAMILY TYRANNOIDEA FAMILY TYRANNIDAE SUBFAMILY TYRANNINAE
Pitangus sulphuratus (L.)
- Great Kiskadee
- Syn: Lanius sulphuratus L.
Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
Tyr annus tyr annus (L.)
- Eastern Kingbird
- Syn: Lanius tyrannus L.
Acuaria species (Man)
Diplotriaena sylvinae (Man) Microtetrameres species (Man)
Tyrannus verticalis Say
- Western Kingbird Acuaria species (Man)
Diplotriaena sylvinae (Man)
SUBORDER PASSERES
FAMILY HIRUNDINIDAE SUBFAMILY HIRUNDININAE
Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot
- Cliff Swallow
Splendidofilaria caperata (Alta)
Hirundo rustica L.
- Bam Swallow
Splendidofilaria algonquinensis (Ont)
Progne subis (L.)
- Purple Martin
- Syn: Hirundo subis L.
Diplotriaena obtusa (Ont)
27
Riparia riparia (L.)
- Bank Swallow
- Syn: Hirundo riparia L. Diplotriaena obtusa (Ont)
FAMILY CORVIDAE
Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm
- American Crow Acuaria anthuris (Ont, Que) Ascarididae unidentified larvae (Nfld) Capillaria species (Que)
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont) Chandlerella chitwoodae (Ont) Chandlerella quiscali (Ont) Diplotriaena tricuspis (Ont) Diplotriaena species (Que)
Eufilaria longicaudata (Ont) Microtetrameres helix (Man, Que) Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Que) Porrocaecum species (Que) Splendidofilaria caperata (Ont) Splendidofilaria wehri (Ont)
Corvus corax L.
- Common Raven Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont)
Cyanocitta cristata (L.)
- Blue Jay
- Syn: Corvus cristatus L. Diplotriaena tricuspis (Ont) Pseudaprocta samueli (Ont)
Perisoreus canadensis (L.)
- Gray Jay
- Syn: Corvus canadensis L. Diplotriaena utae (Ont)
FAMILY PYCNONOTIDAE
Pycnonotus cafer (L.)
- Red-vented Bulbul
- Syn: Turdus cafer L.
Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
Pycnonotus jocosus (L.)
- Red-whiskered Bulbul
- Syn: Lanius jocosus L.
Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
FAMILY IRENIDAE
Chloropsis hardwikei Jardine and Selby
- Orange-bellied Leafbird Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
Irena puella (Latham)
- Blue-backed Fairy Bluebird Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
FAMILY MUSCICAPIDAE SUBFAMILY MONARCHINAE
Sialia currucoides (Bechstein)
- Mountain Bluebird
- Syn: Motacilla currucoides Bechstein Diplotriaena pungens (Alta)
SUBFAMILY TURDINAE
Catharus fuscescens (Stephens)
- Veery
- Syn: Turdus fuscescens Stephens Aproctella stoddardi (Ont)
Diplotriaena bargusinica (Ont)
Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall)
- Swainson’s Thrush
- Syn: Turdus ustulatus Nuttall Aproctella stoddardi (Ont) Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont) Diplotriaena bargusinica (Ont) Splendidofilaria wehri (Ont)
Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin)
- Wood Thrush
- Syn: Turdus mustelinus Gmelin Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont)
Myiophoneus caeruleus (Scopoli)
- Himalayan Whistling Thrush Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
Turdus migratorius L.
- American Robin Capillaria caudinflata (Que) Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont) Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Ont, Que) Porrocaecum species (Que) Slendidofilaria caperata (Ont)
SUBFAMILY TIMALIINAE
Minla cyanouroptera (Hodgson)
- Blue-winged Minla Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
28
FAMILY BOMBYCILLIDAE
Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot
- Ceder Wax wing Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Nfld)
FAMILY STURNIDAE SUBFAMILY STURNINAE
Sturnus vulgaris L.
- European Starling Capillaria ovopunctatum (Que) Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont) Eufilaria sturninus (Ont) Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Ont) Splendidofilaria caperata (Ont)
FAMILY EMBERIZIDAE SUBFAMILY PARULINAE
Dendroica coronata (L.)
- Yellow-rumped Warbler
- Syn: Motacilla coronata L. Aproctella stoddardi (Ont)
Dendroica magnolia (Wilson)
- Magnolia Warbler
- Syn: Sylvia magnolia Wilson Diplotriaena agelaius (Ont)
Geothlypis trichas (L.)
- Common Yellowthroat
- Syn: Turdus trichas L.
Aproctella stoddardi (Ont)
Pelecitus tubercauda (Ont)
Seiurus aurocapillus (L.)
- Ovenbird
- Syn: Motacilla aurocapilla L. Aproctella stoddardi (Ont)
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont) Diplotriaena agelaius (Ont)
Seiurus noveboracensis (Gmelin)
- Northern Waterthrush
- Syn: Motacilla noveboracensis Gmelin Syngamus trachea (Nfld)
Vermivora ruficapilla (Wilson)
- Nashville Warbler
- Syn: Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson Diplotriaena agelaius (Ont)
Diplotriaena ozouxi (Ont)
Diplotriaena species (Ont)
Wilsonia canadensis (L.)
- Canada Warbler
- Syn: Muscicapa canadensis L. Diplotriaena agelaius (Ont)
SUBFAMILY THRAUPINAE
Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert)
- White-lined Tanager
- Syn: Tangara rufa Boddaert Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
Thraupis episcopus (L.)
- Blue-gray Tanager
- Syn: Tanagra episcopus L. Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
Thraupis palmarum (Wied)
- Palm Tanager
- Syn: Tanagra palmarum Wied Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
SUBFAMILY CARDIN ALINAE
Saltator coerulescens Vieillot
- Grayish Saltator Geopetitia aspiculata (Man)
SUBFAMILY EMBERIZINAE
Junco hy emails (L.)
- Dark-eyed Junco
- Syn: Fringilla hyemalis L. Diplotriaena thomasi (Ont)
Melospiza melodia (Wilson)
- Song Sparrow
- Syn: Fringilla melodia Wilson Splendidofilaria caperata (Ont)
Passerella iliaca (Merrem)
- Fox Sparrow
- Syn: Fringilla iliaca Merrem Capillaria contorta (Nfld) Porrocaecum brevispiculum (Nfld) Syngamus trachea (Nfld)
Pipilo erythropthalmus (L.)
- Rufous-sided Towhee
- Syn: Fringilla erythropthalmus L. Capillaria tridens (Man)
Pooecetes gramineus (Gmelin)
- Vesper Sparrow
Dendroica pensylvanica (L.)
- Chestnut-sided Warbler
- Syn: Motacilla pensylvanica L. Diplotriaena agelaius (Ont)
29
- Syn: Fringilla graminea Gmelin Diplotriaena ozouxi (Ont)
Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin)
- White-throated Sparrow
- Syn: Fringilla albicollis Gmelin Aproctella stoddardi (Ont) Diplotriaena thomasi (Ont)
Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forster)
- White-crowned Sparrow
- Syn: Emberiza leucophrys Forster Diplotriaena thomasi (Ont)
SUBFAMILY ICTERINAE
Agelaius phoeniceus (L.)
- Red-winged Blackbird
- Syn: Oriolus phoeniceus L. Diplotriaena bargusinica (Man) Diplotriaena species (Ont) Dispharynx nasuta (Man, Que) Microtetrameres species (Man, Que) Porrocaecum species (Que) Splendidofilaria caperata (Ont) Syngamus trachea (Que)
Tetrameres species (Man)
Icterus galbula (L.)
- Northern Oriole
- Syn: Coracias galbula L. Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi (Ont)
Molothrus ater (Boddaert)
- Brown-headed Cowbird
- Syn: Oriolus ater Boddaert Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Que)
Quiscalus quiscula (L.)
- Common Grackle Chandlerella quiscali (Ont)
Diplotriaena agelaius (Ont)
Diplotriaena bargusinica (Ont) Diplotriaena pungens (Man) Diplotriaena species (Ont)
Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Ont, Que) Splendidofilaria caperata (Ont)
Quiscalus quiscula versicolor Vieillot
- Bronzed Grackle Capillaria ovopunctatum (Man) Microtetrameres species (Man)
Sturnella neglecta Audubon
- Western meadowlark Quadriplotriaena hypsokysta (Alta)
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte)
- Yellow-headed Blackbird
- Syn: Icterus xanthocephalus Bonaparte Diplotriaena thomasi (Man)
FAMILY FRINGILLIDAE SUBFAMILY FRINGILLINAE
Padda oryzivora (L.)
- Java Sparrow
- Syn: Loxia oryzivora L.
Eufilaria mcintoshi (Ont)
Chandlerella chitwoodae (Ont)
30
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32
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33
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38
PARASITE INDEX
Acanthophorus horridus 8
Acanthophorus tenuis 8
Acuaria ( Dispharynx ) nasuta 10
Acuaria ( Hamannia ) uncinata 10
Acuaria anthuris 9
Acuaria ornata 9
Acuaria pelagica 12
Acuaria species 9
Acuaria spinosa 9
Acuaria spiralis 10
Acuaria squamata 12
Acuaria triaenucha 10
ACUARIIDAE 9
AMIDOSTOMATIDAE 4
Amidostomum acutum 4
Amidostomum anseris 5
Amidostomum cygni 5
Amidostomum spatulatum 5
Amidostomum species 5
Artcyracanthopsis bendelli 12
Ancyracanthopsis bihamata 14
Ancyracanthopsis bilabiatus 13
Ancyracanthopsis coronata 13, 14
Ancyracanthopsis heardi 13
Ancyracanthopsis wine gardi 14
Ancyracanthus bihamata 14
Ancyracanthus bilabiatus 13
ANISAKIDAE 6
Antennocara skrjabini 14
Aprocta turgida 16
Aproctella species 17
Aproctella stoddardi 17
APROCTIDAE 16
Ascaridia bonasae 6
Ascaridia compar 6
Ascaridia galli 6
Ascaridia lineata 6
Ascaridia species fourth-stage larvae 6
ASCARIDIDAE 7
Ascarididae, unidentified larvae 7
ASCARIDIIDAE 6
Aviculariella alcyona 12
Avioserpens nana 7
Avioserpens species 7
Capillaria anatis 3
Capillaria caudinflata 3
Capillaria columbae 3
Capillaria contorta 3
Capillaria falconis-nisi 3
Capillaria mergi 3
Capillaria nyrocinarum 3
Capillaria obsignata 3
Capillaria ovopunctatum 3
Capillaria quiscala 3
Capillaria species 4
Capillaria spinulosa 4
Capillaria tridens 4
Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi 17
Carinema ardea 17
C handler ella bushi 18
Chandlerella chitwoodae 18
Chandler ella hispanica 18
Chandlerella quiscali 18
Cheilospirura capil laris 14
Cheilospirura longistriata 8
Cheilospirura nasuta 10
Cheilospirura spinosa 9
Chevreuxia americana 10
Chordocephalus squamata 12
Contracaecum anasi 6
Contracaecum magnicollare 6
Contracaecum microcephalum 6
Contracaecum ovale 6
Contracaecum pelagicum 6
Contracaecum podicipitis 6
Contracaecum species 7
Contracaecum spiculigerum 6
Contracaecum yamaguti 6
Cosmocephalus aduncus 10
Cosmocephalus capellae 10
Cosmocephalus diesingi 10
Cosmocephalus faridi 10
Cosmocephalus firlottei 10
Cosmocephalus obvelatus 10
Cosmocephalus obvelatus magnus 10
Cosmocephalus tanakai 10
Cyathostoma bronchialis 4
Cyathostoma lari 4
Cyathostoma species 4
Cyrnea americanum 8
Cyrnea longispicula 8
Desmidocerca incognita 16
Desmido cere ella nudicauda 16
Desmidocercella numidica 16
DESMIDOCERCIDAE 16
Desportesius canadensis 10
Desportesius triaenucha 10
Dicheilonematid immature worms 15
DIOCTOPHYMATIDAE 3
Diplotriaena agelaius 15
Diplotriaena andersoni 15
Diplotriaena bargusinica 15
Diplotriaena darnaudii 15
Diplotriaena isabellina 15
Diplotriaena obtusa 15
Diplotriaena ozouxi 15
39
Diplotriaena pungens 15
Diplotriaena sialiae 15
Diplotriaena species .16
Diplotriaena sylvinae 15
Diplotriaena thomasi 15
Diplotriaena tricuspis 15
Diplotriaena utae 16
DIPLOTRIAENIDAE 14
Diplotriaenoides translucidus 15
Dispharagus aduncus 11
Dispharagus anthuris 9
Dispharagus columbae . . . 10
Dispharagus crassicauda 13
Dispharagus nasutus 10
Dispharagus nasutus 10
Dispharagus obvelatus 10
Dispharagus spiralis 10
Dispharagus squamatus 12
Dispharagus uncinata 10
Dispharynx nasuta 10
DRACUNCULIDAE 7
Echinuria borealis 10
Echinuria hypognatha 10
Echinuria jugadornata 10
Echinuria parva 10
Echinuria spinosa 9
Echinuria squamata 12
Echinuria uncinata 10
Epomidiostomum crami 5
Epomidiostomum uncinatum 5
Eufilaria longicaudata .16
Eufilaria mcintoshi 16
Eufilaria sturninus 16
Eulimdana asperum 16
Eulimdana florencae 17
Eulimdana juventarum 17
Eulimdana pseudolari 17
Eulimdana species 17
Eustrongylides elegans 3
Eustrongylides mergorum 3
Eustrongylides perpapillatus 3
Eustrongylides tubifex 3
Filaria anthuris 9
Filaria obvelatus 10
Filaria pulicis 8
Filaria recta 13
Filaria squamata 12
Filaria triaenucha 10
Filaria tridentata 11
Geopetitia aspiculata 9
G natho stoma shipley i 12
Habronema mansioni 8
HABRONEMATIDAE 8
Hamannia squamata 12
Hamannia uncinata 10
Hamatospiculum species 14
HETERAKIDAE 6
Heterakis gallinae 6
Heterakis gallinarum 6
Heterakis isolonche 6
Histiocephalus coronata 13
Hisdocephalus stellae-pollaris 12
Lemdana wernaarti 17
Microtetrameres bubo 8
Microtetrameres canadensis 8
Microtetrameres helix 8
Microtetrameres species 8
Molinacuaria bendelli 12
Monopetalonema alcedinis 15
ON CHOCERCID AE 16
Ornithofilaria algonquinensis 18
Ornithofilariafallisensis 18
Ornithofilaria inornata 17
ORNITHOSTRONGYLIDAE 5
Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus 5
Oxyspirura lumsdeni 7
Oxyspirura petrowi 7
Paracuaria adunca 11
Paracuaria macdonaldi 11
Paracuaria tridentata 11
Pectinospirura argentata 11
Pectinospirura sobolevi 11
Pelecitus fulicaeatrae 16
Pelecitus tuber cauda 16
Physocephalus sexalatus third-stage larvae ... 7
Porrocaecum brevispiculum 7
Porrocaecum depressum 7
Porrocaecum ensicaudatum 7
Porrocaecum semiteres 7
Porrocaecum species 7
Porrocaecum trichuriforme 7
Prionostemma pelagicum 12
Prionostemma shipley i 12
Pseudaprocta samueli 16
Quadriplotriana hypsokysta 16
Rictularia paradoxa 12
Rictularia shipleyi 12
Robertdollfusa species 4
ROB ERTDOLLFU SID AE 4
Rusguniella transcaucasica 11
Sarconema eurycerca 17
Sarconema similar to S. eurycerca 17
Sarconema species 17
Schistorophus bihamatus 14
Schistorophus capillaris 14
Schistorophus skrjabini 14
Schistorophus umbellif era 14
Sciadiocara bihamata 14
Sciadiocara denticulata 14
40
Sciadiocara umbellifera 14
Serratospiculoides amaculatum 15
Serratospiculum amaculata 15
Seuratia shipleyi 12
Skrjabinobronema calif ornica 12
Skrjabinobronema coronata 13
Skrjabinocara schikhobalovi 12
Skrjabinocara skrjabini 12
Skrjabinocara squamata 12
Skrjabinocara timofejevi 12
Skrjabinocara viktori 12
Skrjabinocerca prima 11
Skrjabinoclava bakeri 11
Skrjabinoclava bartlettae 11
Skrjabinoclava horrida 11
Skrjabinoclava inornatae 11
Skrjabinoclava kritscheri 11
Skrjabinoclava morrisoni 11
Skrjabinoclava pusillae 12
Skrjabinoclava tupacincai 12
Sobolevicephalus lichtenfelsi 14
SPIROCERCIDAE 7
Spiroptera adunca 11
Spiroptera adunca 10
Spiroptera anthuris 9
Spiroptera capillaris 14
Spiroptera coronata 13
Spiroptera crassicauda 13
Spiroptera inflata 3
Spiroptera longistriata 8
Spiroptera nasuta 10
Spiroptera obvelatus 10
Spiroptera recta 13
Spiroptera tantali rubri 14
Spiroptera totani 14
Spiroptera tridentata 11
Spiroptera umbellifera 14
Spiroptera uncinata 10
Splendidofilaria algonquinensis 18
Splendidofilaria caperata 18
Splendidofilaria fallisensis 18
Splendidofilaria flexivaginalis 18
Splendidofilaria pas serina 18
Splendidofilaria pectoralis 18
Splendidofilaria species 18
Splendidofilaria wehri 18
Stegophorus species 12
Stegophorus stellae-pollaris 12
Stellocaronema glareolae 8
Stellocaronema skrjabini 8
Streptocara c. crassicauda 13
Streptocara calif ornica 12
Streptocara crassicauda 13
Streptocara crassicauda anseri 13
Streptocara formosensis 13
Streptocara incognita 13
Streptocara recta 13
Streptocara rissae 11
Streptocara species 13
Streptocara stellae-pollaris 12
Streptocara transcaucasica 11
Streptocara triaenucha 10
Streptocara tridentata 13
Strongyloides species 4
STRONGYLOIDIDAE 4
Strongylus tubifex 3
Syncuaria squamata 12
SYNGAMIDAE 4
Syngamus trachea 4
Synhimantus species 12
Tetrameres ardamericanus 8
Tetrameres crami 8
Tetrameres fissispina 8
Tetrameres occinea 9
Tetrameres ryjikovi 9
Tetrameres somateriae 9
Tetrameres species 9
Tetrameres spinosa 9
TETRAMERIDAE 8
THELAZIDAE 7
TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE 5
Trichostrongylus tenuis 5
TRICHURIDAE 3
Tropidocerca fissispina 8
Tropidocerca paradoxa 3
Tropisurus fissispina 8
Unidentified Skrjabinoclava larvae 12
Viktorocar a capillaris 14
Viktorocara halcyoni 14
Viktorocara limosae 14
Viktorocara numenii 14
Viktorocara schejkini 14
Viktorocara tor ea 14
Yseria calif ornica 12
Yseria coronata 13
Yseria stellae-pollaris 12
41
HOST INDEX
Accipiter gentilis 22
Accipiter striatus 22
ACCIPITRIDAE 22
Actitis macularia 24
Actodromus bairdii 24
Aechmophorus occidentalis 19
Agelaius phoeniceus 30
Alca lomvia 26
Alca torda 26
ALCEDINIDAE 27
Alcedo alcyon 27
ALCIDAE 26
Anas acuta 20
Anas albeola 21
Anas caerulescens 20
Anas canadensis 20
Anas clangula 21
Anas clypeata 20
Anas collaris 21
Anas columbianus 20
Anas crecca 21
Anas discors 21
Anas fusca 22
Anas hy emails 21
Anas islandica 21
Anas jamaicensis 22
Anas mania 21
Anas mollissima 22
Anas nigra 22
Anas perspicillata 22
Anas platyrhynchos (domestic) 21
Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) 21
Anas rubripes 21
Anas spectabilis 22
Anas strepera 21
Anas valisineria 21
ANATIDAE 20
Anitibyx armatus 24
Anser anser 20
Anser hyperboreus 20
Ardea exilis 20
Ardea herodias 19
Ardea lentiginosa 20
ARDEIDAE 19
Asio flammeus 27
Asio otus 27
Aythya americana 21
Aythya collaris 21
Aythya mar i la 21
Aythya valisineria 21
Bartramia longicauda 24
Bombycilla cedrorum 29
BOMBYCILLIDAE 29
Bonasa umbellus 23
Botaurus lentiginosus 20
Branta canadensis 20
Branta species 20
Bubo virginianus 27
Bucephala albeola 21
Bucephala clangula 21
Bucephala islandica 21
Buteo jamaicensis 23
Calidris alba 24
Calidris alpina 24
Calidris bairdii 24
Calidris himantopus 24
Calidris mauri 25
Calidris minutilla 25
Calidris pusilla 25
Callipepla californica 23
Capella gallinago 25
CAPITONIDAE 27
Carbo auritus 19
Catharus fuscescens 28
Catharus ustulatus 28
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus ... 25
Centrocercus urophasianus 23
Cepphus columba 26
Ceryle alcyon 27
CHARADRIIDAE 24
Charadrius semipalmatus 24
Charadrius vociferus 24
Chen caerulescens 20
Chen caerulescens atlanticus 20
Chlidonias niger 26
Chloropsis hardwikei 28
Circus cyaneus 23
Clangula hyemalis 21
Columba domestica livia 26
Columba livia 26
Columba species 26
COLUMBIDAE 26
Colymbus aalge 26
Colymbus auritus 19
Colymbus grisegena 19
Colymbus immer 19
Colymbus podiceps 19
Colymbus stellatus 19
Coracias galbula 30
CORVIDAE 28
Corvus brachyrhynchos 28
Corvus canadensis 28
Corvus corax 28
Corvus cristatus 28
Cyanocitta cristata 28
Cygnus buccinator 20
42
Cygnus columbianus 20
Cygnus species 20
Dendragapus canadensis 23
Dendragapus obscurus 23
Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus 23
Dendroica coronata 29
Dendroica magnolia 29
Dendroica pensylvanica 29
Diomedea nigripes 19
Diomedea species 19
DIOMEDEIDAE 19
Ducks, geese and swans 20
Emberiza leucophrys 30
EMBERIZIDAE 29
Ereunetes mauri 25
Falco cyaneus 23
Falco gentilis 22
Falco jamaicensis 23
Falco mexicanus 23
Falco peregrinus anatum 23
FALCONIDAE 23
Fringilla albicollis 30
Fringilla erythropthalmus 29
Fringilla graminea 30
Fringilla hyemalis 29
Fringilla iliaca 29
Fringilla melodia 29
FRINGILLIDAE 30
Fulica americana 24
Fuligula americana 21
Gallinago gallinago 25
Gallus gallus 23
Gavia immer 19
Gavia species 19
Gavia stellata 19
GAVIDAE 19
Geese 20
Geothlypis trichas 29
Gosling 20
HIRUNDINIDAE 27
Hirundo pyrrhonota 27
Hirundo riparia 28
Hirundo rustica 27
Hirundo subis 27
Hylocichla mustelina 28
Icterus galbula 30
Icterus xanthocephalus 30
Irena puella 28
IRENIDAE 28
Ixobrychus exilis 20
Junco hyemalis 29
Fagopus lagopus 23
Fagopus leucurus 23
Lanius jocosus 28
Lanius sulphuratus 27
Lanius tyr annus 27
LARIDAE 26
Larus argentatus 26
Larus californicus 26
Larus canus 26
Larus delawarensis 26
Larus glaucescens 26
Larus marinus 26
Larus pipixcan 26
Larus thayeri 26
Larus tridactyla 26
Limnodromus scolopaceus 25
Limosa fedoa 25
Limosa scolopacea 25
Lophodytes cucullatus 22
Lophortyx calif ornica 23
Loxia oryzivora 30
Melanittafusca 22
Melanittafusca deglandi 22
Melanitta nigra 22
Melanitta perspicillata 22
Meleagris gallopavo 23
Melospiza melodia 29
Mergansers 22
Mergus cucullatus 22
Mergus merganser 22
Mergus serrator 22
Minla cyanouroptera 28
Molothrus ater 30
Motacilla aurocapilla 29
Motacilla coronata 29
Motacilla currucoides 28
Motacilla noveboracensis 29
Motacilla pensylvanica 29
Muscicapa canadensis 29
MUSCICAPIDAE 28
Myiophoneus caeruleus 28
Numenius americanus 25
Nyctea scandiaca 27
Oriolus ater 30
Oriolus phoeniceus 30
Owl 27
Oxyura jamaicensis 22
Padda oryzivora 30
Passerella iliaca 29
Pedioecetes phasianellus 23
Perisoreus canadensis 28
PHALACROCORACIDAE 19
Phalacrocorax auritus 19
Phalaropus lobatus 25
Phalaropus tricolor 25
PHASIANIDAE 23
Phasianus colchicus 23
43
PHOENICOPTERIDAE 20
Phoenicopterus ruber 20
PHOENICULIDAE 27
Phoeniculus purpureus 27
Pipilo erythropthalmus 29
Pitangus sulphuratus 27
Pluvialis squatarola 24
Podiceps auritus 19
Podiceps grisegena 19
Podiceps nigricollis 19
Podiceps occidentalis 19
PODICIPEDIDAE 19
Podilymbus podiceps 19
Pooecetes gramineus 29
Procellaria gravis 19
PROCELLARIIDAE 19
Progne subis 27
Puffinus gravis 19
PYCNONOTIDAE 28
Pycnonotus cafer 28
Pycnonotus jocosus 28
Quiscalus quiscula 30
Quiscalus quiscula versicolor 30
RALLIDAE 24
Recurvirostra americana 24
RECURVIROSTRIDAE 24
Riparia riparia 28
Rissa tridactyla 26
Saltator coerulescens 29
SCOLOPACIDAE 24
Scolopaxfedoa 25
Scolopax flavipes 25
Scolopax gallinago 25
Scolopax melanoleuca 25
Scolopax minor 25
Seiurus aurocapillus 29
Seiurus noveboracensis 29
Sialia currucoides 28
Somateria mollissima 22
Somateria spectabilis 22
Spatula clypeata 20
Steganopus tricolor 25
Sterna hirundo 26
Sterna niger 26
STRIGIDAE 27
Strix flammea 27
Strix otus 27
Strix scandiaca 27
Strix virginianus 27
Sturnella neglecta 30
STURNIDAE 29
Sturnus vulgaris 29
Sylvia magnolia 29
Sylvia ruficapilla 29
Tachyphonus rufus 29
Tanagra episcopus 29
Tanagra palmarum 29
Tangara rufa 29
Tetrao californica 23
Tetrao canadensis 23
Tetrao cupido 23
Tetrao lagopus 23
Tetrao leucurus 23
Tetrao obscurus 23
Tetrao phasianellus 23
Tetrao umbellus 23
Tetrao urophasianus 23
Thraupis episcopus 29
Thraupis palmarum 29
Trachyphorus darnaudii 27
Tringa alba 24
Tringa alpina 24
Tringa flavipes 25
Tringa hiaticula 24
Tringa himantopus 24
Tringa lobata 25
Tringa longicauda 24
Tringa macular ia 24
Tringa melanoleuca 25
Tringa minutilla 25
Tringa pusilla 25
Tringa squatarola 24
Turdus cafer 28
Turdus fuscescens 28
Turdus mi gratorius 28
Turdus mustelinus 28
Turdus trie has 29
Turdus ustulatus 28
Tympanuchus cupido 23
Tympanuchus phasianellus 23
TYRANNIDAE 27
Tyrannus tyrannus 27
Tyrannus verticalis 27
Uria aalge 26
Uria lomvia 26
Vermivora ruficapilla 29
Wild swans 20
Wilsonia canadensis 29
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 30
Zonotrichia albicollis 30
Zonotrichia leucophrys 30
44