219

6 the Sheik Si other conmbrlcy:
BY GEORGE H. HORN, M. D.
4M

In its origin the present essay was intended to clear up some
doubtful points which appeared to exist in our series of Catops.
This required an examination of the genera into which it (or more
properly Choleva), had been divided, and necessitated a determination
of the question of the generic identity of the European and American
Adelops. The investigation gradually extended from one genus to
another until all the tribes were covered and almost unwillingly the
species were passed in review, and the paper has grown to a size far
beyond my first ideas. The door once open to foreign genera all have
been included in the study and will be found in their places in the
generic tables which follow, and in the event of any now unknown to
us being discovered, their recognition will be made easy without the
bibliographical research otherwise necessary. In dealing with genera
foreign to our fauna it has not seemed necessary to do more than put
them in their places, more would not be pertinent to the present essay.
Figures in outline of all known genera (with few exceptions) have
been given, nearly all of which have been drawn from nature. These
it is hoped will prove of further assistance.

As might have been expected from an investigation of such a
character, the number of exceptional cases to the generally accepted
formula of the family has greatly increased. In order to call especial
attention to some of these the formula is here repeated, and the
exceptions indicated in as condensed a manner as possible.

SILPHID 2.
MENTUM quadrate or slightly transverse, sometimes slightly emar-

ginate, frequently with a transverse piece between it and the ligula
which is prominent, either emarginate or bilobed; mental suture
distinct.

MAXILL& with two lobes, inner sometimes with a terminal hook
(Silpha), the outer rarely slender and filiform (Clambus). Palpi four-
jointed, the first joint always short, the others variable.

LAsBRUM usually visible, rarely almost entirely concealed ( Clambin’),
of variable form, sometimes entire, usually emarginate or bilobed.

220 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

Eyes oval or round, entire, usually finely granulated, coarsely in
some Clambini.

ANTENN variable in insertion, sometimes free at base (some
Silphini and Cholevini), or under a frontal margin (Anisotomini),
usually arising close to the eyes or distant from them (some S//phz
and in Lmpelus and Culyptomerus) ; usually eleven-jointed, rarely
ten- or nine-jointed, the terminal joints either forming a club of
variable structure, or gradually broader, rarely nearly filiform ( Ptero-
loma and Apatetica).

PROTHORAX without distinct side pieces.

MESOSTERNUM short, side pieces closing the coxal cavities ex-
ternally.

METASTERNUM usually large, truncate behind, short in the genera
without eyes, side pieces distinct, the episterna long, epimera distinct,
but in the Anisotomini partly concealed by the elytra.

ABDOMEN usually with six segments (seven in Mmpelus), rarely
with five (Spheerites, Lyrosoma, Colon, Clambus), or even four (many
females of Colon).

ANTERIOR COX contiguous, conical, transverse at base and with
trochantin, eylindric-conic and without trochantin in Cholevini; the
coxal cavities strongly angulate externally (except Cholevini), and
open behind in the first three tribes, closed in the others.

MIDDLE COX not prominent, usually separated, rarely contiguous,
oblique or transverse (Clambus and Calyptomerus), with distinct
trochantin, the cavities closed externally by the mesosternal side
pieces.

PosTERIOR COX transverse, sometimes prominent internally (some
Silphini), and in Clambini laminate, the plates more or less concealing
the posterior legs.

Leas often stout and fossorial or very slender; tibiae usually with
prominent terminal spurs which are rarely absent.

TARSI usually five-jointed, variable sexually or generically (Aniso-
tomini, Cholevini), or four-jointed (Clambini).

Etyrra usually entire, covering the abdomen, sometimes truncate
(Necrophorus, some Silpha, Spherites and Apatetica), epipleure
distinct except in Clambus and Calyptomerus.

The above characters define, as far as it is possible in a general

manner the present family, and the scheme seems principally note-
worthy from the number of the exceptional cases, notwithstanding

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 221

which the family seems to be as well defined an aggregate as very
many of the families in the coleopterous series.

As constituted in the present essay the family differs in its com-
position from that at present given in the books. Lacordaire and
Duval include Leptinus, the Catalogus (p. 741), adds Spherius, and
Leconte (Class. Col. N. A. pp. 48 and 52), adds Brathinus as a
subfamily.

Regarding Leptinus I can only say that I fully agree with Leconte
in separating it as a distinct family, and have nothing to add to the
views expressed by him (Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 368), except that it
seems more closely allied to this family than the Hydrophilide.
I am not aware of any reason why Spherius should be added and it
seems that there are very many to the contrary, so that this does not
seem to need discussion here.

The addition of Brathinus even as a subfamily introduces a very
disturbing element to any system of classification, and after a careful
examination I think the view originally expressed by Dr. Leconte
(Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 150), is the correct one, and that the genus
should take its place among the Scydmezenide for the following reasons :
The head is suddenly constricted behind to a neck which is gradually
broader posteriorly, approaching the semiglobose form of Scydmznus ;
the anterior cox are as in that genus and similarly with trochantin,
the middle coxe slightly prominent and separated, the posterior promi-
nent, slightly transverse at base but contiguous, the trochanters oval,
rather flat and not in the axis of the thighs and the elytra have no
epipleuree. The greater length of the maxillary palpi and the form
of the hind coxx have been urged as objections to placing Brathinus
in Scydmenidx. If the palpar character has any weight (and it
seems to me to have no greater than generic value), the preponderance
is greater against the Silphide than the Scydmaenide. The structure
of the hind cox seems to me essentially that of the latter family,
the apparently transverse character being due to their contiguity.
The absence of epipleurze seems to be general in the Scydmeenide.
In Brathinus it will be observed that the first four abdominal seg-
ments have on each side near the posterior edge a deep setigerous
puncture. I have not been able to assure myself that this occurs in
the Scydmenidx. Finally the general appearance of Brathinus is
rather that of Scydmznus than of any Silphide, and the comparison
of it with Leptodirus seems singularly inappropriate.

Having thus disposed of the genera which seem foreign to the

222 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

family the arrangement of the others is the next subjeet of discussion.
Here it is usual to review the modifications of the various parts of the
external skeleton, but as most of the exceptional eases have already
been given and as it is far more convenient to amplify under the
tribal headings, it seems unnecessary to repeat them here, reserving
for the present such remarks as may be proper to explain the reasons
for the rejection of the old systems of classification and to defend
that here proposed.

The family originally indicated by Latreitle was more restricted
than at present, and to Schicedte is due the suggestion of adding the
Anisotomini which had been considered a distinct family by Erichson
and Stephens. Lacordaire divides the genera into three tribes in the
following manner:

Posterior coxe diStant......cs00.ssceece Clodontoebsacsoccposoaasc uO bnssonsou oS socces Leptoderides.
Posterior coxe contiguous.
Posterior trochanters ProMinent..........ceevee vecencoes sereccees ea

Posterior trochanters placed in the axis oe the Gaels ses veeerseee Anisotomides.

Duval follows several years after with mer) the same system,
separating the Clambites as a distinct tribe by the coxal plates.

The separation of Leptodirus in a distinet tribe by the distant
posterior coxe is certainly a very great exaggeration, and the char-
acter must be assigned rather a secondary rank in view of the fact
that all the blind genera and Lyrosoma are so constructed. It is true
that Pholeuon and Oryotus were unknown to the above authors or
they would probably have seen the relationship existing between the
three, as Schaufuss (Stettin Zeitsch. 1861, p. 424), did a few years
after, although he appears to have overlooked entirely their resem-
blance to the Cholevini.

The value of the hind trochanters in separating the other two
tribes is entirely illusory, in fact the character as made use of does
not exist, and it seems to me remarkable that characters once sug-
gested and gaining currency will often pass unquestioned, and be
repeated from author to author until they become so fixed in the
books that it is nearly impossible to free ourselves from them. With-
out desiring to cite numerous examples in proof of the assertion, the
attention of students is invited to the trochanters themselves.

The next system of classification is that proposed by C. G. Thomson,
(Skand. Col.). Here appears the first serious innovation and the first
suggestions toward a rational arr angement. He recognizes fully the
value of the structure of the anterior coxal cavities as a means toward
that end, and it is to be regretted that the limited fauna of his country

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 223

did not allow him to enter fully into the discussion of the subject.
As it is the isolated character of his material has led him to make
too many divisions and genera, a pardonable mistake for that reason.
[ cannot allow the present occasion to pass without special mention of
C. G. Thomson’s work. It is filled with important discoveries, new
ideas and useful hints applicable to larger fields of study, and I am
unable to understand why he appears to be so little appreciated by his
European cotemporaries. With us it is usual before undertaking any
work in which he has studied similar genera to refer to his book to
avoid unnecessary labor, as it has more than once occurred to me to
find characters already known to him which I had obtained after long
and patient search.

The value of the coxal structure as a means of separating the
family into tribes has already been intimated, and the following table
is offered for the consideration of students.

Posterior coxee simple.
Anterior cox more or less transverse at base and with trochantin.
Anterior coxal cavities open behind.
ROSeELIGM COXSICOMUGUOUS cescccarsisceccarses-e-eseuclan-ceecoslssccveceelsrserseseGlUEHINT.
Posterior coxe separated.
Anterior coxe prominent. Abdomen with five segments,.. LyRoSoMINI.
Anterior coxe not prominent. Abdomen with six segments... PINODYTINT.

Anterior coxal cavities closed belind...............csecsecsseseeee .. ANISOTOMINI.
Anterior cox eylindric-conic, without Eicchantian he fom Stused behind
often widely........ DIRCEE OEE O DOCELECKO COG CSC COBOCECO LEON SOEeCCCLO AECORMLCEAOA ENA TET SNTAIS I

Posterior cox laminate.
Anterior coxe with trochantin, the cavities closed behind.............«.CLAMBINI.

These characters are so easily expressed in words as to need no
further comment, and under the descriptive remarks will be found
comments on the various lines of affinity existing between the tribes.

In the tables of the genera of the various tribes will be found not
only our own genera but all those described up to the present time,
which are placed in position from an examination of the genera in
nature with few exceptions.

For the types of many Kuropean genera I: am indebted to M. Aug.
Sallé of Paris, and Dr. Dohrn of Stettin. For the material for
the elucidation of our own fauna outside of my own cabinet, I
am indebted to Dr. Leconte, and Mr. Ulke of Washington, both
of whom have allowed unrestricted use of their material. Nearly
all the species described by Mannerheim, from Alaska, have been
seen and described here from types sent by Mannerheim or Chaudoir
to Dr. Leconte.

224 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

Before proceeding to the consideration of the tribes the following
remarks on the geographical distribution of the genera may be of
interest.

There are 43 genera recognized in the following pages distributed
in the tribes as follows :

Silphini S of which there are new 1.
Lyrosomini 1 “ & “ 0.
Pinodytini 1 “ “ és i
Cholevini 16 “ ‘ ‘“ 2.
Anisotomini 14 “ “ “ ie
Clambini 3 “ “ &s 0.

In the second tribe Lyrosoma has been revived from its improper
suppression in Pteroloma. In the fourth tribe I have suggested the
suppression of Drimeotus in Pholeuon, Catopomorphus in Ptomaphagus,
Queesticulus and Queestus in Bathyscia; the last three had been
suppressed in Adelops. With these explanations a convordance is
established with the Catalogus, excluding Leptinus and Spheerius
from the family. In addition to the new genera of the present paper
six others have been published since the Catalogus.

Of the above genera

North America has represented.......06 ss.00 ei Resecesueaees 30.
Peculiar to North America................. sasloneeteescisaetaniCeneee 10.
Europe has represented ......00+..+.++ po qgesceer esceteneaciieaeerene 20.
PECHIanetO BE UNO DE rcesetselvesseasenteeross sterner Sroncasoa SG 5B0S 10.
Common to Europe and North Ameriea....... seas eeaaseetesexs 18.
Common to Alaska and Kamtsehatka (Lyrosoma)........ i
Peculiar to India (Apatetica)......... piesmeeenacineartnes Be Shona he
Peculiar to New Zealand (Camirus)......... CAS SSOSOO CORSO cools
Peculiar to Madeira (Stereus)........00 vecereee aicereveese sasooosens Le
Peculiar to Brazil (Scotocryptus).......cscsecses obonccin mooie: il.

By the above scheme it will be observed that the genera with
four exceptions belong to Europe and North America, that each has
nearly an equal number represented and with the same ratio of those
peculiar to it.

The number of species described from Europe nearly doubles that
from our own fauna.

Tribe I.— Silphini.

Anterior coxe conical, prominent, contiguous, with large trochantin, the
cavities strongly angulate externally and open behind, very widely in Necro-
phorus and Silpha and partially closed in the other genera. Middle coxe widely
separated in these two genera, narrowly separated or even contiguous in the
others. Posterior coxe contiguous. Abdomen with six segments except in

Spherites. Antenne variably inserted, sometimes free at base or under a
slight frontal margin.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 225

The head is always free or nearly so and usually constricted behind
intoaneck. The antennx are eleven-jointed in all except Necrophorus
in which the true second joint is connate with the base of the third.
The terminal four or five joints are usually thicker forming a club,
abrupt and compact in Spherites, abrupt but with mobile joints in
Necrophorus, or elongate-oval and gradually formed in Si/pha, ete.
Pteroloma and Apatetica have slender antennex, scarcely at all thick-
ened externally. The eyes are at least of moderate size and often
prominent, never absent. The thorax is variable. The elytra are
distinctly margined at the sides, sometimes widely, the inflexed portion
below the margin variable in width. This part is often erroneously
called the epipleuron, it is more properly the epipleural fold, the
epipleurze proper being narrow portions along the extreme edge of
the elytra. The abdomen is visible beyond the elytra in Necro-
phorus, Sphzrites, Apatetica, and nearly all the species of Silpha,
but entirely concealed in the other genera, the number of segments
being six in all except Spherites where there are but five. The
legs are decidedly fossorial in Necrophorus alone, in the other genera
rather slender. The tibiw are nearly always spinulose externally,
very indistinctly however in several genera. The tibial spurs are
at least of moderate size. The anterior tarsi more or less dilated
in the male.

This tribe contains all the large species of the family and none that
are very small, its distinctive characters being the open anterior and
the contiguous posterior coxe. The next two tribes have the first of
these characters but the hind coxe are separated.

The genera here included seem quite homogeneous and form a
natural series except as to Sphzerites, which is somewhat aberrant by
the abdomen and the compact antennal club. It seems however a
link toward the Histeride series, while Necrophorus shows decided
Staphylinide affinities.

Through Pteroloma and Lyrosoma as a further intermediate the
tribe connects with the Cholevini, and by Agyrtes through Pinodytes
with the Anisotomini. :

Some authors have divided the tribe still further and have instituted
tribes or families (Thomson), for Sphzrites and Agyrtes. I can see
no special advantage in such a course as the tribal distinctions must
then be brought almost to a generic basis.

The following table gives in brief the important characters sepa-
rating the genera.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (29) JULY, 1880.

226 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

Antenne 10-jointed, capitate, the last four joints forming an abrupt club.
Middle coxe widely separated. Anterior coxee widely open behind
without post-coxal extension of the prothoracie epimera, (Pl. V,
HTD RD) Innis pein cee Cea ceatenesonies bose sues Sspwessteaes sintwecehivese .Necrophorus.
Antenne 11-jointed, either slender or gradually clavate.
Middle coxee moderately separated. Anterior cox widely open behind with-
out post-coxal process of prothoracic epimera. (Pl. V, fig. 4 a.).
Silpha.
Middle coxee narrowly separated or contiguous. Anterior coxe narrowly
open, partially closed by a prolongation of the prothoracic epimera.
(Pl. V, fig. 6 a.).
Epipleural fold wide, the elytra margined at the sides. Last joint of
maxillary palpi slender.
Antenne gradually clavate, not longer than the head and thorax.
Antenne free at base, not inserted under a frontal margin, first and
and third joints long, the latter as long as the next two.

Necrophilus.
Antenne arising under a frontal margin, first joint short, robust, third
scarcely longer than the second............se0 Gpancosncg nassoaIce Pelates.
Antenne slender, scarcely thicker externally, as long as half the body.
Elytra entire; penultimate tarsal joint simple........... Pteroloma.
Elytra truncate; penultimate joint bilobed................Apatetica.
Epipleural fold narrow, the elytra with an extremely narrow margin. Last
joint of maxillary palpi ovate...........ssssses ses evasiecesneees Agyrtes.

Antenne 11-jointed, capitate, the last three forming an abrupt club. Anterior
coxal cavities narrowly open behind, partially closed by a slender
prolongation of the epimera.

Abdomen with five segments. Elytra truncate..........006cccsseers Spheerites.
Of the above genera Apatetica does not belong to our fauna, while

Pelates is thus far peculiar to it. Necrophorus and Silpha are widely

distributed, Necrophilus has one species on each side of the continent,

the other genera occur on the Pacific coast alone.

NECROPHORUS Fab.

Head large, suddenly narrowed in front of the eyes and also at a little dis-
tance behind them. Eyes large, oblique, moderately prominent. Labrum
transverse, deeply bilobed. Clypeus rhomboidal, separated from the front by
a fine suture and with a membranous rhinarium of variable size and shape.
Antenne free at base, geniculated, apparently ten-jointed, terminated by an
abrupt four-jointed club, the first joint of which is glabrous, scape elongate
gradually clavate very nearly as long as the five following joints, second joint
longer than any of the following, joints: 3—6 gradually shorter and broader ;
the second and third joints of the club emarginate in front the last elevated in
an obtuse carina. Palpi short, the last joint cylindrical slightly acuminate at
tip, the penultimate obconical and stouter. Anterior coxe conical, prominent
and contiguous with large trochantin, the cavities strongly angulate externally
and widely open behind, the post-coxal portion of the epimera short, broad
and obtuse. Middle cox widely separated. Posterior coxe prominent, con-
tiguous. Legs of moderate length, stout, the tibie broader at tip each with
two spurs of moderate length, the outer edge spinulose. Tarsi slender the

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 22K

aol

anterior dilated in the males and fimbriate at the sides. Thorax truncate in
front, sides more or less margined. Elytra with distinct marginal line and
with an epipleural fold of variable width usually wide, rarely narrow (caro-
linus). Metasternum moderately long, body winged. Abdomen of six distinct
segments.

The head exhibits some variation in form within specific limits;
that is, while the eyes in some individuals are very close to the hind
angle of the head, in others the head is notably prolonged behind
them. ‘This is neither sexual nor specific.

The antennez are always spoken of as ten-jointed but the true
second joint appears as a node at the base of the one usually called
the second. There is no variation in the form of joints 3—6 worthy
of special mention. The club is slightly variable in the degree of
the emargination of the second and third joints, so that the first and
fourth joints meet when the club is closed in some species in others
not. This character does not seem of any further value.

The clypeus is separated from the front by a fine suture and its
anterior portion is membranous and may be orange-red or piceous,
this portion is called the rhinariwm and varies in size and shape but
not sufficiently for use in the separation of the species.

The form of the thorax plays an important part in arranging the
species in natural groups and requires special mention.

The first form or that which is most unlike all the others is that of
carolinus. Here the thorax is oval not wider than long, narrowed
behind, the lateral margin extremely narrow, the disc (for this genus),
very convex and without any trace of the anterior sinuous impressed
line. The punctuation is also peculiar. This form is called ‘“ oboval,
not margined.”

The second form is that represented by americanus, orbicollis and
Sayt, in which the thorax is orbicular, truncate in front the sides
arcuate and rather broadly margined. These species are moreover
peculiar in having the elytra more oval and when we view the species
from the side there seems to be a very distinct transverse depression of
the elytra behind the base. The last two species above mentioned have
erect hairs on the elytra. This form of thorax is called “ orbicular.”

The next form of thorax is that of marginatus, obscurus and
guttula, called in the following pages “transversely cordate.” The
thorax is broader than long, the sides very narrowly margined and
at middle sinuate. The anterior sinuous impression of the thorax
is well marked.

The form in pustulatus, vespilloides and tomentosus, is called “ trans-

228 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

versely oval,” and resembles the orbiculate form but is shorter and
the sides at middle are either straight or slightly sinuate, the anterior |
sinuous impression is usually deep and the dise of the thorax less
convex. The last named species is peculiar in having the thorax
densely clothed with yellow silken pubescence.

The elytra present but little that is peculiar except that mentioned
above. The sculpture is very little variable but the color very much
so in several species. The elytra have at the sides a marginal line
very distinct in all the species except carolinus. The part below this
line is called in the subsequent pages the ‘“‘epipleural fold,’ and is
spoken of by most authors as the epipleuron but such is not the case,
the epipleurze being extremely narrow pieces along the extreme edge
of the elytra. The marginal line varies in length in the species, in
some reaching from the outer apical angle nearly to the humeral
umbone, in others but half that length. The epipleural fold is
narrow in carolinus, wide in the other species.

The tibize vary also, the posterior pair being distinctly arcuate in
carolinus, marginatus, obscurus, orbicollis, americanus and Say7, while
the last two have the middle tibia also curved. There has always
seemed to be great trouble in properly defining the limits of species,
and the numerous synonyms show how far separation has been pushed
on a color basis alone. Those which have no other claim to separation
their differences of color have been rejected and structural characters
taken as the basis of separation. Two species acknowledged in the
following pages are still doubtful in my mind but they are retained as
distinct for reasons given.

The following are the species recognized in the subsequent pages:

Group 1.—Thorax oboval, extremely narrowly margined, dise very unequally
punctured, without anterior sinuous line....... earolinus Linn.
Group 2.Thorax orbicular, sides and base with wide flattened margin, dise
equally punctulate, sinuous line usually distinct.
Elytra without erect hairs, dise of thorax red.

Middle and posterior tibiz arcuate.............s00 Seaeneeeae americanus Oliv.
Elytra with erect hairs, dise of thorax black.

Middle and posterior tibiz arcuate...........s00 socecur sposonttes aesreacne Sayi Lap.

DD 1se MOVUAKCUALC s.2.e<sawesseaeacceris=saselrer sare ascncsecnaameecdeeeueer orbicollis Say.

Group 3.—Thorax transversely cordate, sides narrowly margined and sinuate
at middle, anterior sinuous line distinct.
Posterior tibie arcuate. Dise of thorax nearly smooth.
First joint of ‘club red c...+.+..s»vasesses aNeevenes ayaeeeeask marginatus Fab.
First joint of club piceous............cccssenessosccncnnaeens --Obscurus Kby.
Posterior tibie straight. Dise of thorax punctate.
Antennal club and color of elytra very variable...guttula Motsch.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 229

Group 4.—Thorax transversely oval, very little narrowed behind, sides and base
broadly margined, the sides usually feebly arcuate or even slight-
ly sinuate, anterior sinuous impression distinct. Tibi straight.

Dise of thorax glabrous.
Antennal club orange, first joint piceous.....pustulatuas Hersch.

Antennal club black.. ....ccc0ssceesseeeeeseeeee reese WESPilloides Hbst.
Dise of thorax densely pubescent.
Ala tennail, Chih) PICCOUS snc. sis.s+s/eestuenes) socseasee tomentosus Weber.

As our species are so few in number it has not been deemed neces-
sary to reduce them to any tabular arrangement. To those who desire
to make such a table the form of the tibia whether curved or straight
will form a convenient point of departure.

N. carolinus Linn.—Form moderately elongate, head and thorax in repose
rather strongly deflexed. Head black, shining, rather coarsely punctured, the
lateral impressions moderately deep, rhinarium triangular, piceous. Antenne
black, the club entirely orange-red. Thorax oval as long as wide, narrowed
behind, anterior angles broadly rounded, sides behind the middle slightly sinu-
ate, base broadly arcuate, sides very narrowly margined, base more broadly,
dise convex and without transverse impression, surface densely punctured in
its apical third, more coarsely but less densely along the sides and base, the
remainder of the dise shining and very sparsely punctate. Scutellum slightiy
convex posteriorly. Elytra not wider than the thorax and very little longer
than wide, sides feebly divergent to the outer apical angle, apex squarely trun-
cate, lateral marginal line very feebly elevated, the epipleural fold narrow,
surface feebly shining, sparsely punctate and slightly wrinkled, color black,
each elytron with small subhumeral spot, asubbasal fascia broadly interrupted
at middle attaining the lateral margin and joining the humeral spot by a
narrow line, near the apex a reniform spot which does not reach either the
margin or suture. Abdomen above subopaque, sparsely punctate. Body be-
neath black, shining, metasternum with short yellowish hair. Middle and
posterior tibiz slender at base, rapidly broader toward the apex, the posterior
arcuate in both sexes. The outer spur of the anterior tibiz much stouter than
the inner in both sexes. Length .80—1.12 inch; 20—28 mm. (PI. V, fig. 1).

The male has the anterior tarsi dilated and the posterior femora
stouter than in the female. The hind trochanter is prolonged in a
short acute spine in both sexes.

This species is one of the most peculiar in our fauna. It seems to
have shorter legs than the others, while the lateral marginal line of
the elytra is scarcely prominent and the inflexed portion very narrow.
Its markings are almost invariable.

Occurs in the Gulf States.

N. americanus Oliv.—Form robust, black, vertex, dise of thorax, two
elytral fasciee and epipleural fold, orange-red. Head almost impunctate, lateral
impressions moderately deep enclosing the large orange-red space, rhinarium
red. Antenne black, club entirely orange-red. Thorax orbicular, truncate in
front, wider than long, sides and base with a broad deplanate margin, disc

230 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

convex with searcely a trace of the anterior sinuous line, surface smooth, a few
seattered punctures at the margin only, color orange-red, the flat margin black.
Seutellum flat. Elytra as wide as the thorax, about one-half longer than wide,
sides slightly arcuate, broadest a little behind the middle, then a little narrower
to apex which is sinuately truncate, lateral margin acute, moderately promi-
nent, epipleural fold wide, dise broadly transversely impressed behind the
scutellum, then a little more convex and slightly declivous to apex, surface
sparsely indistinctly punctate; color black, epipleural fold entirely red, a post-
humeral broad red fascia interrupted at the suture and an apical fascia con-
sisting on each elytron of three confluent spots. Abdomen above sparsely
punctate, moderately shining. Body beneath black, shining, metasternum
with short yellowish hairs. The middle and posterior tibiz are gradually
dilated to tip and slightly arcuate. The spurs of the anterior tibiz are nearly
equal, the outer apical angle is however prolonged. Length 1.08—1.40 inch;
27—35 mm.

The males have the anterior tarsi broadly dilated and the pos-
terior femora stout. The posterior trochanters are spiniform in both
sexes.

The color of the head and thorax serve to distinguish this species.
By the form of its thorax it is allied to Sayz and orbicollis. The
elytral markings are nearly constant, showing but little variation.

Widely distributed in the Atlantic region from the Middle States
to Texas.

N. orbicollis Say.—Form moderately robust, black, shining, elytra with
two incomplete fascize and short erect hairs. Head smooth, shining, sparsely
finely punctate, lateral impressions moderately deep, rhinarium orange-red.
Antenne piceous, club orange-red with the first joint black. Thorax orbicular,
wider than long, apex truncate, sides and base nearly equally widely margined,
disc convex, median line and anterior sinuous impression moderately deep, the
flattened margin coarsely punctate and with a few erect hairs, the dise sparsely
minutely punctulate. Scutellum flat, moderately densely punctured. Elytra
not wider at base than the thorax, sides arcuate and gradually broader behind
the middle then slightly narrowed to apex which is sinuately truncate, disc
with vague transverse depression behind the scutellum then the surface is -
slightly more convex and declivous to tip, surface shining, sparsely punctate
and with two vague costz and with erect brownish hairs arising from each
puncture; marginal line moderately prominent, epipleural fold moderately
wide; color of elytra piceous black, with the post-humeral fascia broadly
interrupted by the suture and a subapical transversely oval spot orange-red,
epipleural fold piceous or black. Abdomen above sparsely punctate. Body
beneath sparsely punctate, metasternum with brownish yellow hairs. Middle
and posterior tibie in both sexes gradually broader to tip and straight.
Anterior tibie with equal spurs, the outer apical angle slightly prolonged.
Length .80—1.00 inch; 20—25 mm.

The anterior tarsi of the male are rather broadly dilated. The
hind trochanters are prolonged in both sexes. The posterior tibize

are much stouter in the male.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 231

As in americanus and Sayi this species has the vague transverse
impression of the elytra, and it further agrees with the latter in the
presence of erect elytral hairs. From both these it differs in the
straight tibie.

Widely distributed in the Atlantie region from Hudson’s Bay
southward.

N. Sayi Lap.—This species agrees in all the general characters of orbicollis
except that the sides of the thorax are less arcuate, the epipleural fold of the
elytra entirely orange-red and the middle and posterior tibiee arcuate in both
sexes. Itis also generally smaller. Length .60—.80 inch; 15—20 mm.

Occurs in the northern part of the Atlantic region,

N. marginatus Fab.—Moderately elongate, black, elytra bifasciate with
orange-red, epipleural fold red. Head minutely sparsely punctulate, lateral
impressions moderate, rhinarium large red. Antenne piceous, club entirely
red. Thorax subcordate, breader than long, apex truncate, sides very narrowly
margined, sinuate near the base, base arcuate, more broadly margined, margin
punctured, dise convex very sparsely punctulate, median line obliterated,
anterior transverse impression nearly so. Scutellum flat, sparsely punctate.
Elytra not wider than the thorax, gradually wider from base toward apex,
sides nearly straight, apex sinuately truncate, surface sparsely punctate and
with feeble traces of two discal coste; epipleural fold orange-red, dise with a
rather broad, dentate, post-basal fascia usually entire, rarely divided at the
suture, a second subapical often reaching the apical margin. Abdomen above
and beneath sparsely punctate. Metasternum sparsely clothed with brownish
pubescence. Anterior tibize with equal spurs, the outer apical angle moderately
prolonged. Middle and hind tibie stout at tip, the posterior alone distinctly
arcuate. Length .73--1.08 inch; 18—27 mm,

The males have the anterior tarsi dilated as usual and in both
sexes the posterior trochanters are moderately prolonged, and the
posterior tibize slightly pubescent on the inner edge.

The elytral markings vary a little in the width of the orange-red
fascie, there are however no striking variations. The hind tibiz
being distinctly arcuate the relationship of this species is easily
defined, and by the exclusion of carolinus, americanus and Sayi, by
their peculiarities in other parts of the body we have obscurus alone
with which it might be confounded.

Widely distributed, I have seen specimens from almost every part
of our country, Pacific and Atlantic.

N. obseurus Kirby.—Closely allied to marginatus in form, color and mark-
ings, and differing as follows: Antenne black, club red with the first joint
black. Thorax with median line finely impressed, anterior transverse impres-
-sion well marked. Posterior tibiee very distinctly pubescent on the inner edge.
Length 1.00 inch; 25 mm.

The only constant character is that found in the club of the

23

2 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

antenna, and it seems doubtful if this is sufficient to separate this
and the preceding.

Occurs from Hudson’s Bay to Canada and Utah.

N. guttula Motsch.—Form moderately elongate, black, elytra variable in
color. Head rather coarsely punctured, lateral impressions moderately deep,
rhinarium piceous. Antenne black, the club orange-red with the first joint
either piceous (guttula) or red (Hecate). Thorax transversely cordate, broader
than long, apex truncate, sides sinuate posteriorly, base arcuate, margin narrow
at the sides, a little wider at base, disc convex with the anterior transverse line
deeply and the median line feebly impressed, surface moderately coarsely
punctate but somewhat variable. Scutellum flat, moderately densely punctate.
Elytra a little narrower at base than the thorax, gradually wider posteriorly,
sides straight, apex sinuately truncate, surface moderately coarsely punctate
with a few coarser punctures intermixed which in some specimens show a
tendency to assume a seriate arrangement; color of surface very variable.
Abdomen above and beneath moderately densely punctulate. Metasternum
clothed with yellow silken hairs. Anterior tibiz with nearly equal spurs, the
outer apical angle slightly prolonged. Middle and posterior tibie gradually
broader to tip, not arcuate. Length .52—.80 inch; 13—20 mm.

The color of the elytra is extremely variable in this species. In
the typical form (guttula) the elytra are entirely black excepting a
small subhumeral red spot. In these also the first joint of the club
is piceous. A variety of this form occurs with a small red spot on
the elytra posteriorly.

In the variety Hecate the elytra are fasciate after the style of
marginatus, with the epipleurse pale and the antennal club entirely
red. The fascize are not constant in their width but become wide so
as to be more or less confluent, so that in a specimen taken by me
in company with the normal guttu/a the elytra have very little black
on them.

The thorax varies in punctuation, being generally more coarsely punc-
tured in the entirely black forms and more finely in the fasciate.

By the narrow side margin of its thorax this species must be
associated with marginatus, from which it may always be distinguished
by its straight tibize.

Occurs trom Colorado to California, as far south as San Diego. It
illustrates the tendency to melanism shown by many other species
which extend from the Plains to California, and it may be here
observed that the fauna of California often replaces a colored eastern
species by one entirely black.

N. pustulatus Herschel.—Form moderately robust, piceous or black,
elytra variable in color. Head sparsely finely punctate, rhinarium small, red.
Antenne piceous, club red with the first joint black. Thorax transversely oval,

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 233

very little narrowed posteriorly, sides very slightly sinuate at middle, base
subtruncate at middle, sides and base rather widely margined, disc moderately
convex, anterior impression deep, median line fine, surface minutely punctate
margin more coarsely. Scutellum densely punctulate at base. Elytra nearly
as wide at the base as the thorax, slightly broader posteriorly with very feebly
arcuate sides, apex sinuately truncate, surface somewhat variably but usually
coarsely punctured and with two faint coste and a few coarser punctures form-
ing indistinct series. Abdomen above and beneath very sparsely punctate.
Metasternum with brownish pubescence. The outer apical angle of the an-
terior tibiz is moderately prolonged, the spurs are a little unequal, the outer
larger. The middle and posterior tibiz are gradually stouter to tip and straight.
Length .80—1.00 inch; 20—25 mm.

This species exhibits a range of color variation of the elytra greater

than any other species known to me.

NV. nigrita Mann.—This form is entirely black and less shining than
the others. The antennal club is red except the first joint.

Its distribution is from the middle of California southward to the
Peninsula and Guadeloupe Island, thence eastward through Arizona
to Texas.

NV. pustulatus Herschel.—Here the elytra are black excepting a red
spot of variable size at the side of the elytra at the usual position of
the first band, and two spots posteriorly near the apical margin of
variable size. The epipleural fold is black. This form is usually a
little more coarsely punctured than the preceding. VV. tardus Mann.,
is a synonym of this variety.

This form is the one occurring more especially in the Atlantic region
from the New England States to Texas, where we find entirely black
forms resembling nigrita in color and pustulatus in sculpture. It
occurs also in Alaska.

NN. Melsheimeri Kby.—Under this head are included those forms in
which the epipleural fold is red, either entirely or in very great part.
The variety most nearly approaching pustudatus has in addition the
lateral spot of the latter species, while the small subapical spots are
united in a narrow fascia. With this as a starting point we have the
lateral spot extending forming a band of varying width and finally
reaching the suture. The posterior band also becomes gradually wider
so that we have forms in which the elytra are almost entirely red
as in guttula.

This variety occurs from Colorado northward to the Hudson’s Bay
region and Alaska, thence southward through Oregon and the north
of California.

In this species the series of variations in the color of the elytra

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (30) AuGuST, 1880.

234 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

may be made very complete, there being no link wanting either in
this respect or in geographical distribution.
Occurs over the entire Continent north of Mexico.

N. vespilloides Herbst.—This species although quite distinct from the
preceding presents but little that can be used in description to distinguish it.
The only permanent character is the entirely black antennal club. It is al-
ways smaller and the surface much less sculptured. There are the same color
varieties as in pustulatus, but | have never yet seen specimens entirely black or
with entirely yellow side margin. Length .44—.60 inch; 11—15 mm.

Occurs in Canada, and from thence westward to Oregon and Wash-
ington Territory and north to Alaska, also in northern Europe.

N. tomentosus Weber.—Moderately elongate, black, shining, elytra with
two fasciz and epipleural fold orange-red. Head shining, minutely punctulate,
rhinarium large,red. Antenne piceous, club black. Thorax broader than long,
transversely cordiform, apex truncate, sides at middle slightly sinuate, base
feebly arcuate, margin moderately wide, broader at the base, dise convex,
surface punctate and moderately densely clothed with golden yellow hair.
Seutellum flat, sparsely punctate. Elytra scarcely wider than the thorax, sides
nearly straight and slightly divergent posteriorly, marginal line distinet but
not prominent, apex sinuate truncate, epipleural fold wide, surface rather
coarsely but not densely punctate and with two faint discal costz; color piceous
or black with two orange-red fascie, the post-humeral and sub-apical extending
from the epipleural fold to the suture and rarely interrupted. Abdomen above
densely punctured, beneath very sparsely punctulate. Metasternum clothed
with golden yellow pubescence. Middle and posterior tibie gradually broader
to tip, straight. Anterior tibiz with equal spurs, the outer apical angle pro-
longed. Length .56—.80 inch; 14—20 mm.

The anterior tarsi of the male are broadly dilated. The posterior
trochanters are not much prolonged in either sex.

Widely distributed over the Atlantic region.

SILPHA Linn.

Head moderate in size, suddenly narrowed in front of the eyes except in
opaca and bituberosa and somewhat narrowed behind except in these. Eyes
oval, slightly oblique, not prominent except in surinamensis. Labrum trans-
verse, variably emarginate. Antenne free at base, inserted close to the anterior
margin of the eye and distant from the frontal margin except in opaca and
bituberosa, eleven-jointed, not geniculate, the last four or five forming an oblong
club either loose or moderately compact. Palpi short, the last joint cylindrical
obtuse at tip. Anterior cox conical, prominent, contiguous and with large
trochantin, the cavities strongly angulate externally and widely open behind,
the post-coxal portion of the epimera short and broad. Middle coxe separated,
widely in all the species except opaca and bituberosa. Posterior cox contiguous
not very prominent. Legs moderate in length, the tibie slender, gradually
broader to tip and spinulose externally. Anterior tarsi more or less dilated in
the males. Thorax usually emarginate in front. Elytra margined, the margin
more or less reflexed, the epipleural fold moderately wide more or less concave.

* Body winged, abdomen with six segments.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 235

The head shows but little variation except that noted above. In
all the species except opaca and bituberosa the eyes form the most
prominent part of the sides of the head, but in these the head is
slightly prolonged behind the eye and a little more prominent than it.
In these also the muzzle is much shorter, and the antennz are in-
serted close to the frontal margin and more distant from the eyes than
in the others.

The antenne are eleven-jointed and never elongate, the club is
composed of four or five joints but in some species is so gradually
formed as to make it difficult to determine whether it has the one or
other number. The terminal joint of the club is flattened, oval at tip,
but in opaca and bituberosa somewhat conical.

The thorax is variable in shape but is usually transverse, rarely
orbicular (surinamensis), the apex emarginate more or less distinctly
except in the two species above where it is truncate.

The elytra are costate in a variable degree in all except truncata,
the lateral margin reflexed, the apex is variable, squarely truncate
only in truncata.

The legs present but little of note other than some sexual variation
which is given under the species.

The anterior tarsi of the male and in some species the middle also
are dilated, while in some the dilatation is very feeble.

After a careful study of our species I can see no valid reason for
adopting any of the genera into which the present has been divided.
To those who desire to know more of these genera the more general
works will give the desired information, and of these none is more
worthy of attention than C. G. Thomson’s Skandinaviens Coleoptera,
a work on a small fauna, full of useful suggestions and giving evi-
dence of careful and patient research.

The visibility of the prothoracie stigmata has been urged as a
reason for the adoption of Necrodes as a valid genus, but as Lacor-
daire correctly remarks S. americana has the stigmate equally visible.
From my observations on our species I am convinced that the visi-
bility of the stigmate is merely an accident depending on the size
and extent of the prothoracic epimeron, and the stigmate may be
seen in any species in which the thorax is slightly bent upward so
as to render the connecting membrane a little terse. I can see no
reason for attaching any value to this character. It must be admitted
that many of the characters separating the species of Silpha are such
as might elsewhere be deemed of generic value, but from the stand-

236 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

point of owr fauna I can see no reason for admitting any other genus
than Silpha.

Our species may be distinguished by the characters of the fol-
lowing table :
A.—Antennez inserted close to the eyes and distant from the margin of the
front. Middle coxe widely separated.
Eyes large, prominent, posterior femora much stouter in the males.
surinamensis Fab.
Eyes not prominent, posterior femora similar in the sexes.
Labrum broadly emarginate; third joint of antenne as long or longer
than the second.
Elytra squarely truncate, similar in the sexes, surface not costate.
truncata Say.
Elytra sinuate or oblique at tip, more prolonged in the female, surface
distinctly costate.
Thorax emarginate at middle of base, surface pubescent, posterior
tibize of males straight.
Intervals of elytral costes tuberculate.......... -lapponieca Herbst.
Intervals of coste flat.......... sosacacco eacoocnec trituberculata Kby.
Thorax arcuate or truncate at middle of base, surface not pubescent,
posterior tibiz male arcuate.
PHoraxienbinelty pla closes. ccrssausseitcasecesalecsmecrn -inzequalis Fab.
Mhorax DiCOlONEAs....rescessecesevsrscatescens noveboracensis Forst.
Labrum deeply emarginate, third joint of antennz shorter than second,
elytra with coste often feeble the intervals with anastomosing
lines.
Form broadly oval, thorax reddish-yellow with discal black space.
americana Linn.
Form oblong-oval, color above entirely black often with bronze sur-
face WWStES...ctiscecssccsoadecevesscesecevtaaeececstecee wees ramosa Say.
1%.—Antenne inserted close to the margin of the front and more distant from
the eyes. Middle coxe rather narrowly separated. Posterior
tibie of males unguiculate at tip. Labrum deeply emarginate.
Form elongate-oval, (as in ee SonGRROLBNSOOBS ADIT oOpaca Linn.
Form oval, (as in ramosa).......... soounss0a> . bituberosa Lec.
It may be here remarked eat: sales our Syeciaee occur in the region

east of the Rocky Mountains. The Pacific coast has not yet fur-
nished a species peculiar to it.

S$. surinamensis Fab.—Form moderately elongate, depressed, piceous,
elytra with subapical, narrow orange-red fascia often broken in spots sometimes
wanting entirely. Head elongate-oval, sparsely finely punctulate, suddenly
constricted behind the eyes and with a deep transverse occipital impression.
Labrum broadly emargiuate. Eyes large, oval, prominent. Antenne with
an elongated club of five loosely articulated joints, the last three pubescent.
Thorax transversely oval, emarginate in front, sides and base regularly arcuate,
margin broadly flattened posteriorly, surface sparsely finely punctulate, at the
sides and base more coarsely. Elytra as wide at base as the thorax, sides feebly
arcuate and gradually broader posteriorly, apex obliquely truncate, more pro-

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 237

longed in the female, lateral margin acute, narrowly reflexed, dise flat, sides
declivous, surface with three distinct coste extending from the base to apex
and a short humeral carina, at apical third between the outer cost# a tuberosity,
intervals densely and moderately coarsely punctured with distant coarser
punctures close to and on each side of the coste, epipleural fold narrow. Body
beneath sparsely punctate, clothed with brownish hair. Length* .64—.92 inch ;
16—23 mm. (PI. V, fig. 2).

Male.—Anterior tarsi moderately dilated, anterior tibie slightly sinuous on
the inner side, the femora with two teeth near the apex, one on each border,
that in front larger. Middle tibie slightly arcuate. Posterior femora large,
inflated and with a broad tooth near the tip on the posterior border, the
tibia strongly arcuate with a triangular dilatation near the tip and the apical
angle in front of the tarsi prolonged. Apex of elytra obliquely truncate but
not prolonged.

Female.—The anterior tarsi are slender, the tibiz not sinuous, the femora
without teeth. The middle tibie are slightly arcuate. The posterior femora
are slender and simple and the tibie nearly straight, the apex not prolonged
in front of the tarsi. The elytra are more obliquely prolonged.

Males occasionally occur with the sexual characters almost entirely
undeveloped, differing in no respect from the female except that the
anterior tarsi are feebly dilated and the tip of the posterior tibia is

prolonged in front.

This species is the nearest approach in many respects to Necro-
phorus, and the discal elevation of the thorax is a feeble imitation
of that genus.

Widely distributed in the Atlantic region.

S$. truncata Say.—Moderately elongate, black, depressed, surface sparsely
clothed with fine black pubescence. Head moderately constricted behind the
eyes, the occiput transversely impressed, surface densely punctured and finely
pubescent. Labrum broadly emarginate. Antenne black, club elongate-oval,
of five joints, the first two glabrous, the terminal one-half longer than the
tenth. Thorax one-third wider at base than long, narrowed in front, apex
feebly emarginate, sides slightly arcuate, basal angles obtuse, base trisinuate,
dise moderately convex, sides posteriorly vaguely deplanate, surface densely
punctured and finely pubescent. Scutellum densely punctured. Elytraas wide
at base as the thorax, slightly wider posteriorly, sides feebly arcuate, margin
narrowly reflexed, apex squarely truncate, dise rather flat, sides gradually
arcuate, surface subopaque sparsely punctulate and pubescent, sometimes with
faint traces of the two inner costs and a slight tuberosity. Abdomen above
densely, beneath more sparsely punctate and pubescent. Body beneath moder-
ately densely punctured. Epipleural fold of elytra rather narrow. Length
-50—.60 inch; 12.5—15 mm.

The male has the anterior tarsi moderately dilated and the abdomen

much more prolonged beyond the elytra than the female.
* These measurements are taken from the head to the tip of the elytra, the

abdomen being so variably retracted or protruded as to give unreliable mea-
sures. This course is followed in all the species of this genus.

238 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

This species is easily known by its very black velvety aspect with
the elytra feebly sculptured and squarely truncate at apex.
Occurs in Kansas, New Mexico and Arizona.

§. lapponica Herbst.—Oval, slightly oblong, depressed, black opaque,
head and thorax pubescent. Head densely punctured with short erect yellow
hairs. Labrum broadly emarginate. Eyes oval, oblique, not prominent. An-
tenne black with an oval club of four joints, the first glabrous, the terminal
longer. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides arcuate and gradually
narrowed to the front, apical and basal angles obtuse, base feebly emarginate
at middle, on each side sinuate, dise irregular with vague tuberosities clothed
with darker pubescence, surface densely punctured and elothed with short
yellowish pubescence. Scutellum densely punctured. Elytra as wide as the
thorax, sides nearly parallel or very feebly arcuate, the margin moderately
reflexed, apex sinuately truncate, more prolonged in the female, dise flat, sides
declivous, surface tricostate, the outer shorter but more elevated terminating
at a tuberosity, second and third feebler but gradually longer, the intervals
with a row of moderately large tubercles between which the surface is obso-
letely punctate and with very short hairs; epipleural fold moderately wide,
concave. Body beneath moderately densely punctate and clothed with brownish
hairs. Length .48 inch; 12 mm.

In the male the first four joints of the anterior tarsi are moderately
dilated. In the female the sutural angle of the elytra is much more
prolonged than in the male.

The species varies in length a little larger or smaller from the
above measurement. It is an easily known species.

Occurs from western Canada to Alaska, thence southward through
Oregon and California to Mexico, also in the region of the Plains.
I have not seen it from the region east of the Mississippi.

S§. tritubereulata Kby.—Oblong-oval, black, sparsely clothed with very
short hair. Head moderately narrowed behind the eyes, occipital impression
rather deep, surface densely punctate. Labrum short, broadly emarginate.
Antenne black, with four-jointed club, the terminal joint nearly as long as the
preceding two. Thorax about one and a half times as broad as long, narrowed
in front, sides moderately arcuate, base emarginate at middle, sinuate each
side, disc moderately convex with somewhat irregular surface, the sides slightly
flattened, surface densely punctured and with short pubescence. Scutellum
flat moderately densely punctate. Elytra as wide as the thorax and twice as
long, sides nearly straight, margin narrowly reflexed, apices in male conjointly
rounded, in female slightly sinuate and prolonged, surface coarsely but not
densely punctate, each puncture with a short recumbent hair, dise flat at sides
rather suddenly declivous and with three distinct costz, the outer more elevated
terminating at the tuberosity, the middle passing through the tuberosity and
often reaching the apex very nearly, the inner nearly reaching the apex.
Body beneath black, shining, moderately densely punctate. Length .36—.44
inch; 9—11 mm.

The anterior tarsi of the male are moderately dilated, the posterior

tibize straight.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 239

In some specimens the two inner costa of the elytra are interrupted
near their apices and reappear near the apical margin as small oblong
tubercles, these two with the usual tuberosity gave to Kirby the
specific name. This species is the smallest in our fauna and resembles
a miniature inequalis, but is more elongate and with the base of the
thorax emarginate at middle. It also resembles opaca, but the differ-
ences are still more important as will be seen under that species.

Occurs in the Hudson’s Bay region.

S. ineequalis Fabr.—Oval, slightly oblong, depressed, black, opaque.
Head gradually narrowed behind the eyes, occiput slightly transversely im-
pressed, surface moderately densely punctured. Labrum broadly emarginate.
Antenne black, rather short, club gradually formed of four joints the terminal
longer. Thorax twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, apex emarginate,
sides moderately arcuate, hind angles obtuse, base with a broad truncate lobe
at middle on each side sinuate, disc at middle with feebly elevated longitudinal
coste, the two at middle nearly straight, the outer two sinuate, surface more
dansely punctured at middle than at the sides. Scutellum broad acute at tip,
densely punctured. Elytra as wide as the thorax, very little longer than wide
conjointly, sides moderately arcuate, margin broad and rather widely reflexed,
apices conjointly rounded in the male, slightly obliquely prolonged in the
female, dise fiat at middle, obliquely declivous at the sides, with three coste,
the outer stronger and terminating one-third from apex in a slight tuberosity,
the two inner cost very feebly elevated, attaining the apical margin, intervals
obsoletely sparsely punctate. Epipleural fold broad, its inner portion vertical.
Body beneath more shining than above, sparsely punctate and pubescent.
Length .40—.56 inch; 10—14 mm.

In this species the anterior tarsi of the male are but feebly
dilated, the tips of the elytra conjointly rounded. In the female

the elytra are obliquely prolonged and the margin slightly sinuate
near the tip.

This species could hardly be mistaken for any other species except-
ing possibly trituberculata, which is however more elongate, the lobe
of the thorax emarginate and the anterior tarsi of the male very dis-
tinctly dilated. Immature specimens at times resemble marginalis,
but this species is always more elongate and the elytra more coarsely
punctured.

Widely distributed over the Atlantic region east of the Rocky Mts.

S. noveboracensis Forst.—Oval, slightly oblong, beneath nearly black,
thorax piceous broadly margined with yellow, elytra brownish to piceous.
Head moderately densely punctate, occiput feebly transversely impressed.
Labrum moderately deeply emarginate. Antenne with four-jointed, elongate-
oval club, the terminal joint longer. Thorax about one-half wider than long,
narrowed in front, apex emarginate, sides moderately arcuate, the extreme
margin slightly thickened, base truncate at middle, sinuate each side, dise
moderately convex, sides broadly flattened, the former with slightly irregular

240 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

surface, punctuation moderately dense but not deeply impressed. Scutellum
flat, densely punctured. Elytra as broad as the thorax, sides slightly arcuate,
margin moderately wide and reflexed, apices conjointly rounded in the male
and slightly prolonged in the female, surface very distinctly and moderately
densely punctate, a slight tuberosity posteriorly through which two of the
coste pass, the inner costa is fine and entire extending from base to apical
margin, the middle is obliterated at its basal third but attains the apex, the
outer and stronger costa extends from the humeral umbone and after passing
through the tuberosity joins the second costa. Epipleural fold moderately
wide, concave. Body beneath moderately densely punctate and clothed with
short brownish hair. Length .52 inch; 13 mm.

The males have the anterior tarsi very little broader than the female.
In both sexes the posterior tibiae are arcuate, more distinctly in the
male. The junction of the outer and second costa is not always abso-
lute, although in the vast majority there is a much closer approximation
than in any other of our species.

Widely distributed in the Atlantic region east of the Rocky Mts.

S. americana Linn.—Broadly oval, depressed, beneath black, thorax
yellow with discal black space, elytra brownish with the elevations darker.
Head gradually narrowed behind the eyes, occiput transversely impressed,
surface moderately densely punctured, sparsely pubescent. Antenne rather
short, club gradually formed of five joints the last three pubescent, the terminal]
longer. Labrum deeply emarginate. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long,
much narrowed in front, apex emarginate, sides feebly arcuate, hind angles
obtuse, base broadly lobed at middle, sinuate each side, surface densely and
equally punctured. Scutellum broad, densely punctured. Elytra a little wider
than the thorax, in some specimens wider conjointly than long, sides moder-
ately arcuate, margin broad, apices variable in the sexes, dise feebly convex
with three very indistinct costee between which are anastomosing elevations,
the intervals moderately densely punctate. Epipleural fold broad, its inner
portion vertical. Body beneath black, moderately densely punctate. Length
.64—.80 inch; 16—20 mm.

In the males the anterior and middle tarsi are moderately and
similarly dilated, the elytra are always shorter and more obtuse at
tip, the sutural angle is slightly retracted but acute. In the female
the tarsi are not dilated, the elytra more obliquely prolonged and the
suture more distinctly retracted.

Occurs everywhere from Hudson’s Bay to Texas, and to the east-
ward of that line.

I have adopted the Linnean name for this species in preference to
that of Catesby, whose name was published in 1731, prior to any of
the dates accepted as the starting point of our nomenclature and as
stated by Crotch the use of a binomial designation, for this species
was merely accidental, as Catesby had at that time no idea of the
binomial system subsequently proposed by Linnzeus.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA, 241

S. ramosa Say.—Oblong-oval, depressed, black, elytra varying from opaque
black to slightly bronze, without pubescence. Head oval, very little narrowed
behind the eyes, which are feebly prominent, surface densely punctured,
smoother in front. Labrum deeply emarginate. Antenne with an elongate-
oval club of four joints, the last three pubescent, the terminal longer. Thorax
about one-half wider than long, sides arcuate and gradually narrowing to the
front, the margin with a smooth narrow thickened edge, apex feebly emarginate,
the angles obtuse, base bisinuate with obtuse angles, dise feebly convex, very
densely and evenly punctured. Scutellum densely punctured. Elytra as wide
as the thorax, sides parallel or feebly arcuate, the margin reflexed but of variable
width, apices conjointly rounded in the male or slightly obliquely prolonged
in the female, disc regularly convex, sides not declivous, surface with three
smooth irregular cost, feebly elevated with anastomosing branches from one
to the other, the intervals opaque from an extremely fine granulation and with
punctures moderately densely placed; epipleural fold moderately wide, con-
cave. Body beneath sparsely punctate and with short, sparse, brown hair.
Length .48—.70 inch; 12—18 mm.

In the male the anterior and middle tarsi are both dilated the
former a little more broadly. In the female the tarsi are slender and
the elytra a little more prolonged.

In the wide extent of country over which this species is distributed
there is a certain amount of variation of form and surface lustre.
This has already been noticed by Dr. Leconte, (Proc. Acad. 1853,
p- 279), and requires no further mention here than to state that more
broadly oval forms occur with the margin more widely reflexed, these
are usually more opaque. The more oblong forms .with the margin
less widely reflexed are more shining and have often a distinct eneous
surface lustre.

Oceurs from Wisconsin westward to Oregon and California, and
southwesterly to Nebraska, New Mexico and Arizona.

8S. opaca Linn.—Oblong-oval, blackish, opaque, sparsely clothed with short
yellowish hair. Head short, a little broader behind the eyes then slightly
narrowed without occipital impression, surface densely punctured, elypeus
short, antennal fovea intermediate between the frontal margin and the eye.
Labrum deeply triangularly emarginate. Antenne black, not thick, the four
joints of the club not very much wider, the terminal conical at tip as long as
the two preceding together. Thorax very nearly twice as wide as long, slightly
narrowed in front, sides rather broadly arcuate, base broadly lobed at middle
on each side sinuate, disc at middle slightly more convex and somewhat irregu-
lar, at sides somewhat flattened surface densely punctured often with some
smoother spaces at middle. Scutellum flat, densely punctured. Elytra not
wider than the thorax, a little more than twice as wide as long, sides very little
arcuate, the margin narrowly reflexed, apices conjointly rounded in both sexes,
surface moderately densely punctate, each puncture with a short yellowish
hair, dise flat at middle, declivous at the sides with three coste, the outer more
elevated terminating posteriorly in a well-marked tuberosity, the middle nearly

TRANS. AMER. ENT, SOC. VIII. (31) AUGUST, 1880.

242 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

obliterated at the base, passing the inner side of the tuberosity and slightly
sinuous extending very nearly to the apical margin, the inner costa more dis-
tinct than the middle and less prolonged at tip. Body beneath black, shining,
not densely punctate. Length .44 inch; 11 mm.

The anterior tarsi of the male are moderately, the middle tarsi less
dilated. The posterior tibiz are slightly arcuate and at the inner
apical angle is a short brush of hairs behind which is a distinct hook-
like process arising from the inner side of the tibia and curving
forward. The tibial spurs are exterior to this hook. In the female
the tarsi are slender and the hind tibiz without the brush of hairs
and the hook.

The shorter head and the insertion of the antennz so much closer
to the frontal margin, the similarity of the elytral apices in the sexes
and the peculiar hook on the hind tibia of the male, mark this and
the next species as very distinct from all the others in the genus in
our fauna. By these characters the species is abundantly distinguished
from trituberculata which it resembles in a general way.

I have seen but two specimens collected in our territory, one from
Hudson’s Bay, the second from near Mono Lake, California, which is
more decidedly black.

S. bituberosa Lec.—Form oval, very slightly oblong, black opaque,
sparsely clothed with very short hair. Head short, densely punctured, formed
as in opaca. Labrum asin opaca. Antenne with four-jointed club, more ab-
ruptly formed than in opaca, the terminal joint nearly as long as the preceding
two and conical at tip. Thorax twice as wide as long, very little narrowed in
front, apex truncate, sides broadly arcuate, base with median lobe truncate, on
each side arcuate, dise slightly more convex at middle, sides feebly flattened,
surface densely punctured without smooth spaces. Scutellum flat, very densely
punctured. Elytra as wide as the thorax and twice as long, sides moderately
arcuate, margin moderately reflexed, more widely near the base, apices con-
jointly rounded in both sexes, surface densely and coarsely punctate, each
puncture with a very short hair, dise flat or very slightly convex, the sides
declivous, surface tricostate, the outer costa stronger and terminating at the
moderately developed tuberosity, the middle costa feeble at base, slightly curved
at the tip but not attaining the apical margin, the inner costa shorter than
the middle. Body beneath black, not very densely punctate. Length .48 inch ;
12mm. (Pl. VY, fig. 4).

The sexual characters here are precisely as in opaca which it
otherwise greatly resembles. It is however a much broader species
and in form more nearly resembles inequalis. It will be observed
also that these two species opaca and bituberosa have the middle
cox more closely approximated than in any other of our species, and
in the former might be called rather narrowly separated.

Occurs from northern Kansas to Wyoming and Montana.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 243

NECROPHILUS Latr.

Head oval, not narrowed behind the eyes which are round and moderately
prominent. Labrum transverse, feebly emarginate. Antenne free at base,
nearly reaching the base of the thorax, slightly geniculate, first joint moderate
in length, a little stouter toward the tip, second half as long and more slender,
third as long as the first, slightly curved, gradually stouter to tip, 4—5—6
gradually shorter, together about one-half longer than the third, last five joints
forming a loose club, seventh joint conical, joints 8—10 broader than long,
eleventh oval, pointed at tip, the first six joints glabrous, shining, last five
punetured and finely pubescent. Maxillary palpi moderately long, first joint
very short, second slender at base gradually thicker, third half as long as
second, obconical, fourth cylindrical as long as second pointed at tip. Anterior
coxal cavities open behind, partially closed by a slender prolongation of the
epimera. Middle coxe narrowly separated, posterior coxe contiguous. Legs
moderately long, anterior and middle tibie with short ciliz externally, the
posterior very feebly spinulose. Tarsi slender, the anterior and middle equally
dilated in the male. Thorax emarginate in front, lateral margin explanate
and translucent. Elytra margined, epipleure broad. Form rather broadly
oval. Body apterous (metasternum short) Pettvtii, winged (metasternum long)
hydrophilotdes.

Two species are known in our fauna as follows:

Body apterous, elytra suddenly declivous posteriorly, the stria feeble, the

punctures large........ ng pbScTOsoAsELHOE ne. Saauec tie enoeceien aeseccane Ged SSNs Pettitii n. sp.
Body winged, elytra gradually declivous, strie moderately deep, the punctures
HN Gawseassssvlatas stare cevceveteacdassccercssoues scusGascaeaiesteaues hydrophiloides Mann.

N. Pettitii n. sp.—Broadly oval, narrower in front, dark chestnut-brown,
shining, glabrous. Head sparsely, finely punctulate. Thorax nearly twice as
wide at base as long at middle, a little wider in front of base, sides arcuate,
gradually narrowed to the front, margin broadly explanate, flat, translucent,
dise more convex, apex emarginate, base squarely truncate, apical angles
slightly obtuse, hind angles nearly rectangular, surface very sparsely punc-
tate, very finely at middle, more coarsely at the sides. Elytra oval, dise
suddenly declivous at apex, very little longer than wide, base truncate, wider
than the elytra, humeri moderately prominent, obtusely rectangular, margin
moderately wide, surface with rows of coarse, deep punctures, moderately
closely placed, the intervals between the rows, convex, alternately a little
more so, smooth. Body beneath very sparsely punctate, abdomen smooth.
Femora very sparsely punctate. Length .44 inch; 11 mm.

In the males the first four joints of the anterior and middle tarsi
are feebly dilated. The body is apterous.

This is the species erroneously determined by me (Trans. Am. Ent.
Soe. 1868, p. 125), as subterraneus, from which this species differs in
its much broader form, larger size and the posterior legs similar in the
two sexes. The European species is also apterous.

Occurs from Canada (Pettit), to Kentucky (Dury).

244 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

N. hydrophiloides Mann.—Oval, slightly oblong, a little narrowed in
front, piceous or nearly black, margins paler, surface shining. Head sparsely
punctulate. Thorax transverse, twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, widest
a little in front of base, sides arcuate, margin broadly explanate, translucent,
apex moderately emarginate, the angles very obtuse, base feebly bisinuate,
angles rounded, dise convex sparsely punctate, margin a little more coarsely.
Elytra oval, broadest at middle, not wider at base than the thorax, base oblique
on each side, humeri obtuse, margin moderately wide, surface moderately deeply
striate, strie rather finely crenately punctured, intervals convex smooth. Body
beneath and abdomen nearly smooth. Femora with very few punctures. Body
winged. Length .36—.44 inch; 9—ll mm. (PI. V, fig. 5).

The males have the first three joints of the anterior and middle
tarsi broadly dilated, the fourth joint less so. This species is more
elongate than the preceding and has the elytral margin less developed.

Occurs from Alaska southward through California,

PELATES 2. g.

Head broadly oval, very slightly narrowed behind the eyes, the latter
round, moderately prominent. labrum short, transverse, feebly emarginate.
Maxillary palpi moderate in length, first joint very short, second slender,
cylindrical, third shorter obconical, fourth longer than the second, cylindrical,
acute at tip. Antenne a little longer than the head and thorax, gradually
clavate, inserted under a distinct frontal margin, first joint stouter cylindrical,
suddenly narrowed at base, joints 2—7 obconical, the third a little longer,
8—11 a little broader, the last elongate oval, pointed at tip. Anterior coxal
cavities partly closed behind by a slender prolongation of the epimera. Middle
coxe very narrowly separated. Posterior coxe contiguous. Legs rather short,
the tibiz scarcely at all spinulose externally. Tarsi slender. Elytra rather
widely margined, the epipleure wide. Form broadly oval, subdepressed as in
Peltis, body winged.

This genus, for which I have adopted an unpublished name of
Fischer, is closely allied to Necrophilus but differs especially in the
characters given in the table, and also by the anterior tarsi alone of

the male feebly dilated.

P. latus Mann. (Necrophilus)—Broadly oval, about one-half longer than
wide, feebly convex, piceous or castaneous, margins paler, surface glabrous,
shining. Head sparsely irregularly punctate. Thorax twice as wide as long,
narrower in front, sides moderately arcuate from base to apex, margin moder-
ately explanate, apical angles rounded, hind angles obtuse, apex emarginate,
base truncate. Elytra as wide at base as the thorax, sides feebly arcuate,
margin moderately explanate and slightly reflexed, surface striate, striz
moderately coarsely punctured, intervals flat, smooth. Body beneath coarsely
but sparsely punctate, femora punctate. Length .14—.16 inch; 3.5—4 mm.
(Pl. V, fig. 6).

This insect resembles somewhat in form Peltis ferruginea, but is
much smaller and a little more convex.

Occurs from Alaska to Washington Territory.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 24

or

PTEROLOMA Gyll.

Head oval, gradually but feebly narrowed behind the eyes which are round
and moderately prominent. Labrum transverse, emarginate. Maxillary palpi
moderately long, rather slender, first joint very short, the next three nearly
equal, the second being slightly conical, the fourth acute at tip. Antenne
slender, as long as half the body, base free, very little thickened toward the
tip, first joint rather short, stouter than the following, second a little shorter
than the first, third longer, joints 3—10 very gradually decreasing in length,
eleventh a little longer than the tenth, oval and acute at tip. Anterior coxal
cavities partly closed behind by a slender prolongation of the epimera. Middle
coxe oval, not prominent, narrowly separated, posterior coxe contiguous. Legs
slender and long, tibie slender not or extremely feebly spinulose externally.
Tarsi slender. Elytra margined, epipleuree moderately wide. Form elongate
with Carabide facies.

This genus is remarkable in the present tribe in the absence of
tibial spinules and the slender elongate antennz. Two species occur
in our fauna both having considerable resemblance to Carabidz so
that the genus had been placed in that family, P. Forsstremii re-

sembling a Nebria while tenuicorne recalls Calathus,
The two species are as follows:

DBhorarxscordiform, base WALLOW Cd, <.cceesci-cecscenecssrstinessconse Forsstroemii Gyll.
Thorax transverse, base not narrowed, gradually narrowed in front.
tenuicorne Lec.

P. Forsstroemii Gyll.—Moderately elongate, piceous, elytra, antenne
and legs paler, surface moderately shining, glabrous. Head coarsely irregu-
larly punctured, a vague vertical fovea. Thorax cordate, one-half wider than
long, sides arcuate in front, sinuate posteriorly, margin acute, slightly reflexed,
apex emarginate, apical angles obtuse, basal angles rectangular, base truncate
a little wider than the length of the thorax, an intra-angular impression, sur-
face coarsely but irregularly punctured, median line moderately impressed
foveate posteriorly. Elytra wider than the thorax, oval, narrower posteriorly,
humeral angles obtuse, dise moderately convex, surface deeply striate, strize
coarsely punctured, intervals convex, the third and fifth with distant coarse
punctures. Epipleurze very coarsely punctured. Body beneath sparsely and
indistinctly punctured. Length .24 inch; 6 mm.

The males have the anterior tarsi feebly dilated, and the first two
joints of the middle a little stouter than in the female, in the latter
sex the sixth ventral segment is deeply longitudinally impressed. —

The resemblance of this insect to a small Nebria or to a Loricera is
remarkable, and the deep punctures of the alternate intervals of the
elytra are repeated here.

Occurs from the north of Europe through Asia to Alaska.

P. tenuicorne Lec. (Necrophilus).—Oblong-oval, piceous or castaneous,
feebly shining, glabrous. Head nearly smooth. Thorax one and a half times
as wide as long, widest at the middle, sides feebly arcuate, apex emarginate,
a little narrower than the base, apical angles obtuse, base truncate, hind angles

246 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

rectangular or slightly obtuse, margin explanate, more widely flattened pos-
teriorly, surface feebly convex, variably punctured, sometimes very indistinctly
or again with evident punctures at the sides and base. Elytra oval, wider than
the thorax, very little narrowed at apex, surface finely striate, strie finely
punctured, intervals flat, the third and fifth with three or four fine, sometimes
searcely ‘visible punctures situated near the second and fourth strie. Body
beneath with very sparse punctures and very little pubescenee. Length .20—
.24inch; 5—6mm. (PI. V, fig. 7).

The males have the first three joints of the anterior and the first
two of the middle tarsi dilated, the latter slightly.

This species exhibits some variations in the lustre of the surface and
in its sculpture, some being quite opaque, others moderately shining, the
latter have the strize and punctures more evident and the punctuation of
the thorax better marked. I believe they constitute but one species.

As the preceding species shows a resemblance to Nebria so this
resembles Calathus rujficollis in smaller size, which has also punctures
on the third elytral interval as fine as in this species.

Occurs in Oregon, Washington Territory, western Nevada and
northern California.

AGYRTES Frohl.

Head oval not constricted behind the eyes, the latter round and moderately
prominent. Labrum short, transverse, broadly emarginate. Maxillary palpi
moderate in length, first joint very short, second obeonical, slightly arcuate,
third short, stout, fourth ovate. Antenne moderately short, attaining the hind
angles of the thorax, inserted under a feeble frontal margin, first joint robust,
cylindrical, suddenly constricted at base, seeond and third obconical, the latter
a little longer and more slender, 4—6 short moniliform, the last five forming
a loose club, the eleventh broadly oval. Anterior coxal cavities partly closed
by a slender prolongation of the epimera. Middle coxe narrowly separated.
Posterior coxe contiguous. Elytra very narrowly margined, their epipleure
narrow. Legs rather short, tibiz spinulose externally. Tarsi slender. Form
oblong, parallel, body winged.

This genus as noticed by Lacordaire seems to make the Jead towards

the Anisotomini. One species only is known in our fauna.

A. longulus Lec. (Necrophilus).—Oblong, black or piceous, shining, glab-
rous. Head coarsely punctate. Thorax one-third wider than long, narrower
in front, sides feebly arcuate from the base, margin not explanate, apex very
feebly emarginate, the angles obtuse, base feebly arcuate, angles obtuse, dise
moderately convex, surface sparsely punctate, panctures a little denser toward
the sides. Elytra a little wider than the thorax, nearly twice as long as wide,
sides very nearly parallel, feebly arcuate, surface moderately deeply striate,
strie finely crenately punctured. Body beneath rather coarsely not densely
punctured. Femora sparsely punctate. Length .12—.20 inch; 3—5 mm.
(Pl. V, fig. 9).

The anterior tarsi of the male have the first two joints feebly dilated.

Occurs from northern California to Vancouver, rare.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. be oF

SPHLERITES Duft.

Head oval, not narrowed behind the eyes but narrowed in front and slightly
prolonged. Eyesround, not prominent. Labrum broadly emarginate. Antenne
short, barely attaining the middle of the thorax, subgeniculate, free at base, no
frontal margin, first joint rather short, thick, slightly arcuate, second ovate,
third slender ‘a little longer than the second, 4—8 small, gradually broader,
9—11 forming an abrupt, pubescent mass. Last joint of maxillary palpi oblong,
equal to the two preceding together. Anterior cox with large trochantin,
the cavities open behind, partially enclosed by a slender prolongation of the
epimera. Middle coxe moderately separated, posterior cox contiguous. Legs
moderate in length, the tibie finely spinulose on the outer edge, the spurs
moderate. Tarsi slender, joints 1—4 gradually decreasing in length, fifth as
long as the preceding three. Thorax emarginate in front, bisinuate at base,
fitting against the base of the elytra, the latter truncate at tip exposing the
pygidium. Abdomen of five segments, the fifth a little longer. Body winged.

This genus has so completely the characters of the present tribe
that I do not feel warranted in separating it on the number of the
abdominal segments, more particularly as the sixth segment shows a
marked tendency to disappear gradually as we follow the genera from
Necrophorus to Agyrtes. Spherites combines the peculiarities of
Necrophorus and Agyrtes completing the circle of the table. It has
Histeride resemblances but there is no closer relationship.

S. glabratus Fab. (Hister)—Form nearly square or slightly oblong,
piceous, surface with eneous or bluish lustre. Head sparsely punctate. Thorax
twice as wide as long, sides gradually arcuately narrowing to the front, apex
emarginate, base broadly lobed at middle, hind angles rectangular, disc very
sparsely finely punctulate, sides more distinctly punctured with a moderately
deep marginal stria. Elytra as wide as the thorax, very little longer than wide,
sides feebly arcuate, apices truncate, disc moderately convex with nine rows of
moderate punctures. Pygidium with coarse and fine punctures intermixed.
Body beneath black, sparsely punctate. Length .18—.22 inch; 4.5—5.5 mm.
(Pl. V, fig. 10).

In the male the middle tibiz are more arcuate than the female,
and the posterior trochanter slightly prolonged and spiniform.

This species occurs in northern Europe, and in our own country
from Alaska to California.

Tribe I1.—Lyrosomini.

Anterior coxe conical, prominent, contiguous, with a large trochantin, the
eavities strongly angulate externally and open behind. Middle coxe nar-
rowly separated, posterior coxe separated by an intercoxal process of the
abdomen. Abdomen with five segments. Antenne inserted under a frontal
margin, eyes not prominent.

This tribe is distinguished from the Silphini by the separation of
the posterior coxz and from all except Sphzrites by the abdomen with
five segments. It seems to occupy an intermediate position between
the Silphini and the elongate Cholevini. One genus only is known.

-

248 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

LYROSOMA Mann.

Head oval, prominent, slightly narrowed behind the eyes which are round,
not large and very feebly convex. Labrum deeply emarginate. Maxillary palpi
moderately long, first joint very small, second moderately elongate, gradually
stouter to tip, third much shorter, fourth nearly as long as second, cylindrical,
slightly flattened and obtuse at tip. Antenne slender, half as long as the body,
second joint shorter than the third, joints 3—8 gradually shorter, 9—11 a little
broader, the eleventh longer than the tenth, oval, acute at tip. Legs slender.
Tibiz not spinulose externally, spurs slender not long, tarsal claws slender and
moderately long. Form elongate, recalling Atranus, body apterous.

L. opacum Mann.—Elongate, brownish or piceous, subopaque, surface
glabrous. Head sparsely punctate. Thorax subcordate, as broad as long, apex
and base equal, sides strongly arcvate in front, sinuate posteriorly, hind angles
acutely rectangular, dise feebly convex, a slight impression within the hind
angles and an obsolete median line, surface rather irregularly moderately
densely punctate. Elytra oblong-oval, deeply striate, striz punctured, intervals
convex. Body beneath not densely punctate, with very indistinct pubescence.
Legs paler. Length .28—.30 inch; 7—7.5 mm. (PI. V. fig. 11).

In the males the anterior and middle tarsi have the first three joints
dilated, more broadly in the former, the posterior tarsi are slender and
long in both sexes, with the first joint not longer than the second.
In the female the anterior and middle tarsi although not dilated are
somewhat broader than the posterior.

Occurs in Alaska.

Tribe I11.— Pinodytint.

Anterior coxe transverse, feebly prominent, contiguous, with large troechantin,
the cavities strongly angulate externally and narrowly open behind. Middle
coxe oblique, not prominent, moderately separated, the mesosternum flat and
with an obtuse carina which extends also to the metasternum. Posterior cox
not prominent, separated by a distinet intercoxal process, oval at tip. Abdomen
with six segments, the sixth feebly visible, the first moderately long. Antenne
inserted under a frontal margin. Eyes entirely absent.

This tribe has been instituted for the reception of a small insect
which refuses by its organization to enter any of the tribes as at pres-
ent constituted. The form is nearly that of a depressed Ptomaphagus,
the head and antennz rather Anisotomide. The anterior coxe are
very feebly prominent as in many Anisotomidex, the trochantin is large
and finally the cavities are open behind. It seems, therefore, from its
entire organization, to be an osculant tribe with affinities equally strong
in the direction of the Silphini, Anisotomini or Cholevini.

PINODYTES ». g.

Head short, oval, not prominent, not narrowed behind, eyes entirely wanting.

Front margined at the sides. Labrum short, transverse, truncate. Mandibles

feebly prominent. Maxillary palpi of moderate length, stout, first joint very
short, second obconical, third nearly square, fourth as long as the two preced-

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 249

ing together, conical, acute at tip. Labial palpi short, last joint eylindrical.
Antenne attaining the hind angles of the thorax, first joint cylindrical, very
little stouter than the others, 2—3 similar, elongate-oval, each very little shorter
than the first, 4—6 small, round, seventh broader, eighth equal to sixth, 9—10
similar to seventh, eleventh longer, oval at tip. Prosternum in front of cox#
moderately long. Scutellum small, triangular, base of thorax overlapping
slightly the elytra. Legs moderately stout, tibiw#, especially the middle, ob-
liquely truncate at tip and spinous at the outer apical angle. Tarsi five-jointed
in both sexes, the first four short and nearly equal, the fifth as long as these
taken together, claws slender. Epipleurs rather broad, body apterous.

P. cryptophagoides Mann. (Catops).—Oblong-oval, castaneous, shin-
ing, glabrous. Head nearly smooth. Thorax one-third wider than long, apex
feebly emarginate, base truncate, hind angles rectangular, sides feebly arcuate
and slightly narrowing to the front, dise regularly convex, very sparsely
minutely punctulate and under high power finely alutaceous. Elytra as wide
as the thorax, sides feebly arcuate, gradually narrowed at apical third, dise
moderately convex, surface with sparsely placed minute punctures in the
basal region showing a tendency to a strial arrangement, apex absolutely
smooth. Body beneath very sparsely punctate. Length .08 inch; 2 mm., vary-
ing a little. (Pl. V, fig. 12).

The males have the first three joints of the anterior tarsi moder-
ately dilated, the middle and posterior tarsi slender.

The distribution of this insect is remarkable. Originally dis-
covered in Alaska, (a type from Mannerheim being before me),
Mr. Henry Ulke has lately discovered it in moderate numbers near

Washington, D. C. It lives in the fine debris of rotting wood, ete,

Tribe LV.— Cholevini.

Anterior coxe cylindric-conic, prominent, contiguous, without trochantin,
the coxal cavities feebly or not angulate externally and closed behind. Middle
and posterior cox variable in position, either contiguous or not. Abdomen
with six distinct segments except in Colon where there are but five. Antenne
free at base, no frontal margin.

The form of the anterior cox varies somewhat in the different
genera being almost truly cylindrical in Leptodirus and decidedly
conical in the other genera. The cavities into which the cox are
received are worthy of special study, being constructed on a plan
which I have not observed elsewhere. The base of the coxa is
received into a cotyloid depression in the prothorax the only opening
into the cavity of the thorax being a foramen of moderate size in the
outer portion of the depression, in the usual position of the trochantin.
The form of articulation between the coxa and the thorax is very
nearly a ball and socket joint. The coxe are always closed behind
more or less widely and in many of the genera by the meeting of the
sternal side pieces on the median line, the prosternum not attaining

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (32) AUGUST, 1880.

250 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

the posterior margin. This is very evident in Leptodirus and Pholeuon
but in the genera in which the closure behind is narrow it is difficult
to decide, although it is probable that the prosternum does attain the
hind margin of the thorax in them.

The middle coxze vary, they may be contiguous or separated, in
the latter case the mesosternum is often carinate, very obtusely in
Platycholeus, while in Adelops and Bathyscia it forms a prominent
keel-like lamina as in many Hydrophilide.

The metasternum is at most of but moderate length, in a large
number of the species very short, in the latter case the wings are
entirely wanting and in the former very feebly developed.

The posterior coxe may be contiguous or separated in the latter
case to a variable degree, widely in Leptodirus, by a triangular inter-
coxal process as in Platycholeus and Pholeuon or very narrowly as
in Bathyscia.

The legs are rather slender and in many species, especially those
living in caves, long and spider-like. The tarsi are always five-jointed
on the posterior and middle legs the anterior being often four-jointed
either in one sex as in Pholeuon or in both sexes Oryotus. The
anterior tarsi are more or less dilated in the males and often the
middle also, in the latter case the first joint alone is broader, species
occur in Co/on with the tarsi slender in both sexes.

The tibial spurs are always slender and in one genus Prionocheta
very long and pectinate on their margins, and in the male of Colon,
those of the anterior tibiz especially, dentate at the sides. The
antenne are variable and are sufficiently described with the genera,
very little can be said in a general way excepting that in those genera
without eyes the antennz are very long and slender, while in those
genera with eyes the antennze are more or less clavate and shorter.
The eighth joint is shorter than the seventh or ninth and in most
cases also narrower, there being two exceptions only as far as I have
seen, the one in Leptodirus with slender antenne, the other in Colon
with the clavate form.

The genera included in this tribe have been more or less widely
separated by authors, by giving what seems undue prominence to
certain characters to the exclusion of others, but with the arrangement
of the genera here proposed the relationship between them seems quite
evident, Leptodirus being of course the more aberrant.

From the curious forms of some of the species of this tribe some
erroneous speculations have arisen.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 251

The genera of this tribe may be divided in groups in the following
manner :

Abdomen with six segments.

Posterior coxe distinctly separated but in a variable degree; elytra usually

without sutural stria; antenne slender and long.
TSE CU OV MIG WW IUNOUL OVO se seccsccevcleossdencaiccccocsveicrssconcscsssecocannsessces Batuysorn.
Head broad, narrowed to a neck behind and with eyes........... PLATYCHOLEI.
Posterior coxe contiguous; elytra with sutural stria usually deeply impressed ;
antenne more or less clavate; head suddenly narrowed behind the eyes
forming a neck, the occiput elevated in a ridge...... .ssssseeeeccees CHOLEV®.

Abdomen with five segments (often four in 9).

Posterior coxee contiguous; elytra with sutural stria well marked; head oval
not narrowed behind, eyes round and moderately prominent, occiput not
Ol VialeMeeascctaiesatscccastedscncsevecccusalat-ecsceclancaccsseiu tere ceirenee as Receeecece CoLones.

The above division in groups seems absolutely necessary, not only
for greater convenience of study but also from the fact that the genera
included in each represent quite distinct types.

The groups are also very naturally interlinked, the second possess-
ing many important characters of the first and third, while the fourth
seems to be related to the third through Camirus * Sharp.

The first group contains all the eyeless genera, (Adelops having
eyes), the species living for the most part in caves. As yet our
country possesses no members of it.

The genera of the group BATHyYsct# are all European and it might
seem out of place to discuss them here, but the study of them has
proven so interesting that I have thought it profitable to review them,
as their occurrence in some of our caves is possible.

Before proceeding with the discussion it is important to note that
Adelops does not belong to the group. This genus was founded on a
species (hirtus), from the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, which must
under all circumstances bear the generic name. The European species
included in Adelops are members of another and probably of two
genera, as will be seen further on. Leptodirus and Bathyscia were
the only genera known at the time of the publication of Lacordaire’s
genera, the second having been improperly suppressed into Adelops,
Pholeuon Hampe, Oryotus and Drimeotus Miller, were subsequently
described without any reference to their relationship to Leptodirus.

To Mr. Schaufuss (Stettin Zeitschr. 1861, p. 424, et. seq.), is due
the credit of associating them in a group, to which he adds two new
genera through a misconception of the characters of Adelops and
Bathyscia.

* Ent. Mo. Mag. June, 1876, p. 23.

252 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

The following is his table:

A.—Anterior tarsi dissimilar in the sexes, male five- female four-jointed.
a.—Anterior tarsi slender in both sexes.

aa.—Scutellum invisible.....cse0sereceee dane dn een ese nsieasacterly aoateasiaee wanes . Leptoderus.
bb.—Scutellum distinct.

Body elongate, mesosternum strongly Carinate....eeeseceee severe ---Drimeotus.

Body oval, mesosternum feebly Carinate.......cce0seccccene -eccsvoee QuESticulus.

6.—Anterior tarsi of male dilated. Scutellum distinct.
Body, clongate.......6.ccccrcseseses eeemene ececrescece Sos SeSe-testtatecaee .. Pholeuon-
SOU OME, CONVEX. ccatcces caveccene cos scvarciersacee seneracece ais vieseserteaete - Questus.
B.—Anterior tarsi in both sexes four-jointed.
Anterior tarsi slender.......0.0scesee dedccnsace Sisele dotsae sn Gaeemenaaeeeen Rites Adelops.

ANLEILOT LATS? CUCL. sce ssesicxeeceaseicactorace snsantesdecausencartaasuansicnenen OMUOUILSs

In order that this table may be understood in the light of remarks
made further on, the following criticisms are suggested.

It does not seem a valid procedure to separate as genera groups of
species in which the males have the anterior tarsi very feebly dilated
on the one hand or more dilated on the other. I would therefore
suggest the propriety of uniting Drimeotus with Pholeuon and Questus
with Questiculus. In these last two and Adelops, Schaufuss is entirely
in error. Abeille de Perrin informs us that “all the species of Adelops
known to him, more than eighty in number, have the anterior tarsi $
five-jointed, 9 four-jointed, except in three species,” neither of which
is the type of Bathyscia. It is therefore evident that the two genera
established by Schaufuss belong to the eighty species above mentioned,
and as these do contain the typical species of Schicedte the name
Bathyscia must be adopted for them, and the name Adelops as used by
Schaufuss becomes doubly erroneous and for the species there included
Abeille proposes the name Aphaobius.

The next contribution of any extent to the knowledge of these
genera is contained in a “ Liste générale des Articulés cavernicoles
de l Europe,’ by MM. Bedel and Simon, (Journal de Zoologie, Paris,
1875), from which I have been unable to obtain any ideas of the
limits of the genera. The paper is a useful list of species and
contains in a foot-note an intimation that the genera have need
of a revision.

A more important though less extensive contribution, is that of
M. E. Abeille de Perrin, entitled “ Notes sur les Leptodirites,” (Bull.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse, 1878). In this I find the important state-
ment that his collection contains “ more than eighty species of Adelops,
all of which have the anterior tarsi of the male five-jointed and in
the females four-jointed, excepting Milleri and two unnamed species

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 253

which have four joints in both sexes.” The former which undoubtedly
contain the typical species of Schicedte, represent Buathyscia, ( Questus
and Questiculus Schauf.), while the latter species he proposes to call
by a new name Aphaobius,* (Adelops t Schauf.). In this paper
M. Abeille gives a table of the genera known to him, of which the
following is a copy.

A.—Elytra with lateral margin convex without reflered border visible from above.
B.—Sceutellum barely visible, in fact short and extending across the entire base
of the thoraz.
iPS OLLUT ONS ssiszaa alee stetaadecedoniudddaaes oun deeds Sasvegsses aedese .». Leptodirus.
C C.—Elytra pubescent......... dddsedour STE Ct PEP eh tt PEOPPECPELED S. G. Propus.
B B.—Scutellum normal.
C.—Elytra of the length of the body. Thorax subcylindrical and con-
stricted....... beeegawe Saedea eb sae pu cu spats a vasnae oetaad aavap sadesaeae Antrocharis.
CC.—Elytra longer than the body. Thorax subdepressed and slightly nar-
rowed in Front Of DASE....616.secseeesosccees Oy aodaeaa S. G. Diaprysius.
A A.—Elytra more or less acutely margined and the edge visible from above.
B.—Anterior tarsi %, four-jointed. ......000 seeseees bsde seeds a sadaadddwassesaaia Oryotus.
B B.—Anterior tarsi % five-jointed.
C.—Elytral margin narrow. Penultimate joints of the antenne sud-

denly thickened at tip...... s+. seas seaae epee dase ds dua sede daa a8 ae Pholeuon.
CC—Elytral margin wide. Penultimate joints of the antenne thickened
From base to tip. -....00 Wea sunsswvesodedidadsadivd aes ene% eaiaeeedsea Drimeotus.

Two other genera are mentioned in the paper founded on females
alone, and which consequently cannot be placed with certainty in the
above table. The first is Cytodromus+ Abeille, which seems to have
no characters given by which it differs greatly from Drimeotus. The
second is Spelxochlamys§ Dieck, for which I find no valid generic
characters given. Having never seen either of these genera it would
be presumption to hazard an opinion concerning them, and I can only
quote from Abeille, “on peut dire avec M. Bedel, que les genres qui
ont été proposés jusqwici ont été fort mal caractérisés; aucune vue
d ensemble n'a présidé a leur établissement.”

In confirmation of the above quotation it may be stated that all
European authors describe (Adelops), Bathyscia as having the pos-
terior cox contiguous. Through the kindness of M. Sallé I have
studied the following European species: Freyert, Schiedtet, Bon-
vouloiri, Aubei, montanus and infernus, which seem to represent the
genus fairly, and all of them have the posterior cox separated either

* Abeille de Perrin, loc. cit. (in separate pamphlet), p. 8.

t Cytodromus and Antrocharis Abeille de Perrin, loc. cit. p. 11.

7 Speleochlamys Dieck, Heyden’s Reise nach Std]. Spanien, 1870, p. 93;
(Berl. Zeitschr. Beih.).

254 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

by a metasternal prolongation or an intercoxal process of the first
abdominal segment.

I do not understand why M. Abeille has omitted Adelops (Bathy-
scia), and Aphaobius from the above table. They cannot constitute a
separate tribe or even group, but should be placed: Bathyscia after
Pholeuon, and Aphaobius after Oryotus, the regularly oval form sepa-
rating both of the genera from those to which they are otherwise
related by their tarsal characters.

The second group PLATYCHOLEI contains but one genus.

PLATYCHOLEUS n. g¢.

Form oval, depressed. Head suddenly contracted behind the eyes, occipital
ridge indicated by a fine line. Eyes small, transverse to the axis of the head.
Antenne attaining the hind margin of the thorax, slender, gradually thickened
externally, eighth joint a little narrower and shorter than the ninth. Last
joint of maxillary palpi slender, conical, much narrower than the preceding
and scarcely half as long, the third joint stout, conical and truncate at apex,
second joint slender. Middle coxe separated by the mesosternum which is
obtusely elevated. Posterior coxe separated by a broadly triangular process
of the first abdominal segment. Tarsi slender, the first three joints of the
anterior and the first two of the middle dilated in the males; hind tarsi with
the first joint longer than the next three together. Tibiz not spinulose exter-
nally, tip with small spurs and fimbriate with unequal spinules.

The mesosternum separates the coxee rather more widely than in
Ptomaphagus and is not carinate but forms an obtuse ridge. The
head is not provided with an occipital ridge, so that it is more deeply
retractile, while in all the other genera in which the head is suddenly
narrowed behind the eyes, the occipital ridge is received against the
apical margin of the thorax.

P. leptinoides Crotch, (Ptomaphagus).—Rather broadly oval, wider in
front, depressed, testaceous, moderately shining, sparsely clothed with short
luteous pubescence. Head very sparsely and finely punctulate. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, wider than the elytra, apex emarginate, sides
strongly arcuate, broadest a little in front of base, rapidly arcuately narrowing
to apex, base broadly emarginate, hind angles rectangular, surface shining,
very sparsely punctulate. Elytra narrower than the thorax, humeri oblique,
sides arcuately narrowing to tip, surface moderately densely punctate, sutural
stria wanting. Body beneath sparsely punctate. Length .12 inch; 3 mm.
(Pl. VI, fig. 2).

This species has considerable resemblance in facies to Leptinus.
It is totally unlike any of the species of the tribe. In both sexes
the middle tibiz are arcuate, in the males the anterior tibixw are
broader at apical half, recalling the form of the tibiz in certain
Stelidota.

Occurs in northeastern California and western Nevada,

Jt

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 25

The third group CHoLEva as already remarked contains only
genera with eyes, although these organs are feeble in Ade/ops. The
head is suddenly narrowed to a neck, the eyes occupying the promi-
nent lateral angle of the head. The tarsi are five-jointed on all the
legs in both sexes. The genera all of which are represented in our
fauna are as follows:

Mesosternum not carinate, the middle coxe contiguous, last joint of the
maxillary palpi as long as the preceding.
Antenne serrate; tibial spurs moderate in length, simple... Catoptrichus.
Antenne gradually clavate.
Pibialispursimotilony ySiMplev.dcccdadsevensccsescceseasesss midecceisccererscens Choleva.
Tibial spurs very long, bipectinate..........s0.000 eee PP PiOnNOChrwta.
Mesosternum ecarinate, coxe separated; last joint of maxillary palpi short,
subulate.
Antenne gradually clavate not longer than the head and thorax; eyes well
developed; mesosternal carina at most moderately prominent.

Ptomaphagus.
Antenne slender, longer than the head and thorax; eyes small, mesosternal
carina prominent, keel-like..........0..scsssees sesceses S ooanna a0 cGECCaSO -Adelops.

As far as known to me Catoptrichus, Prionocheta and Adelops are
peculiar to our fauna, the others occur also in Kurope.

CATOPTRICHUS Murr.

Form moderately elongate. Head suddenly narrowed behind the eyes,
occiput elevated. Eyes flattened posteriorly. Antenne a little longer than
the head and thorax, joints 5—10 perfoliate and emarginate beneath as in
Prionus, the eighth joint one-half as long as either the seventh or ninth,
eleventh joint elongate-oval, acute at tip. Maxillary palpi slender, the termi-
nal joint a little longer and more slender than the preceding, acuminate at tip,
third joint feebly conical, second slender. Middle and posterior coxe con-
tiguous, the mesosternum not carinate. Tarsi slender, anterior tarsi and first
joint of middle (feebly) dilated in the male; hind tarsi with first joint as long
as the next three. Tibix finely spinulose externally, the spurs slender, the
inner of the posterior tibie half the length of the first tarsal joint.

This genus is most closely related to Choleva as defined in the
present paper and differs only in the structure of the antennee.
It may be hardly necessary to state that this insect was unknown

in nature to Mr. Murray and that his remarks are not entirely
correct.

One species only is known.

C. Frankenheeuseri Mann. (Catops).—Moderately elongate, piceous,
elytra, legs and antenne at base ferruginous. Head moderately densely punc-
tate, feebly shining. Thorax nearly square, angles obtuse, sides very feebly
areuate, the margin posteriorly feebly deplanate, disc posteriorly slightly flat-
tened, surface feebly shining moderately densely punctulate. Elytra ferrugi-
nous, oblong-oval, humeri broadly rounded, sides moderately arcuate and

256 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

behind the middle gradually narrowed to tip, margin very narrowly reflexed,
sutural stria moderately impressed, surface substriate, a little more coarsely
punctured than the thorax, sparsely clothed with short brownish pubescence
and with a faint iridescent surface lustre. Body beneath and legs very finely
punctulate. Length .24inch; 6mm. (PI. V, fig. 13).

Male.—Anterior tarsi moderately dilated, anterior tibisz obliquely exca-
vated and finely pubescent on the inner side near the tip. The tip is fur-
nished with a hook-like process directed from without inwards in addition
to the two spurs, reproducing the character found in the posterior tibia of
two species of Silpha.

Occurs in Alaska.

CHOLEVA Latr.

Form oblong or oblong-oval, depressed. Head suddenly narrowed behind
the eyes, occiput elevated received against the apex of the thorax. Eyes
flattened posteriorly. Antenne as long as the head and thorax, the last five
joints forming an elongate club, the eighth shorter and narrower than the
seventh and ninth. Last joint of maxillary palpi elongate conical acute at
tip, as long as the third joint. Middle and posterior coxe contiguous, the
mesosternum not carinate. Tarsi slender, the anterior dilated in the male,
the first joint of middle also stouter but variable in the species. Tibiw finely
spinulose along their outer margins, spurs slender and half the length of the
first joint.

By the absence of mesosternal carina this genus is allied to Catop-
trichus and Prionocheta, from the former it differs in the structure
of the antennz and from the latter more especially in the character
of the tibial spurs. It is also worthy of mention that while the
species of Ptomaphagus have strigose elytra, those of Choleva with
one exception have punctured elytra.

The species are more difficult to separate than those of Ptomaphagus,
the following table which is necessarily full presents the differences
between them. The sexual characters of each species are given as
these materially assist in their separation in doubtful cases.

Hind angles of thorax rounded or obtuse.

Elytra simply punctate.

Thorax very distinctly narrower than the elytra, not narrowed in front,

sides very feebly arcuate.
Anterior tibie of male distinctly sinuate within; abdomen of female

without impressions. ....s0..-eseee siossoese sputciawesscissaccsnak egema ni. 5p.
Thorax not narrower than the elytra, sides arcuate and narrowed to
the front.

Anterior femora more or less flat on the under edge, usually glabrous
and with a tubercle in the male.
Form oblong.
Male with the anterior tarsi broadly dilated, the first joint of middle
tarsus much thickened.........c0.c-.0+00. MUridipennis % Mann.
Female with ventral segments 3—6 foveate at middle.
luridipennis ? Mann.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 257

Form oblong-oval.
Male with anterior tarsi moderately dilated, the first joint of middle
tarsus not much thickened.........6.scceesssee sees Simplex 4 Say.
Female with ventral segments not foveate............ simplex ? Say.
Anterior femora with the lower edge rounded, punctate and without
trace of tubercle in male.
Form oblong, body distinctly coarctate at base of elytra.
Male with anterior tibie with a slight sinuation within the tarsi
moderately dilated, the first joint of middle tarsus slightly thick-

SGC eeeeetatelencpssaceinsa-ccrad-nstectsnsacdasiscacccsceunocs .. Dasillaris 7 Say.
Female with ventral segments 5—6 rather deeply longitudinally
I PRESSSCi at MAL Ci cssccssesisesssansivacsenecelnessccese basillaris 9? Say.

Form oval, margins of thorax and elytra nearly continuous.
Male anterior tibie simple, the tarsi moderately dilated, first joint
of middle tarsus slightly thickened............ clavicornis 7, Lec.
Female with ventral segments 5—6 vaguely impressed.
clavicornis ? Lec.
Elytra very distinctly, transversely, finely strigose.

Male anterior tibie simple, the tarsi moderately dilated, the first
joint of middle tarsus slightly thickened...... decipiens % n. sp.
Female with ventral segments simple............+ decipiens ° n. sp.
Hind angles of thorax rectangular, the thoracic and elytral margins continuous.
Male anterior tibie stouter, rather suddenly narrowed at base, the

tarsi moderately dilated, first joint of middle tarsus thick.
terminans % Lec.
Female with abdomen not impressed...... ......66 terminans 9° Lec.

Cc. egena n. sp.—Oblong, narrower in front, piceous, elytra luteous be-
coming piceous from the middle to tip, surface pubescent. Head moderately
densely punctate. Antenne piceous, two or three basal joints pale. Thorax
about one-fourth wider than long, not narrowed in front, sides very little
arcuate, anterior angles rounded, hind angles obtuse, base feebly arcuate,
surface moderately densely punctate. Elytra oblong-oval, wider than the
thorax, somewhat more attenuate posteriorly, sutural stria moderately deeply
impressed, surface faintly substriate, moderately densely punctate. Body
beneath moderately densely punctulate. Legs piceous, tibize and tarsi usually
paler. Length .14—.16 inch; 3.5—4 mm.

In both sexes the lower edge of the anterior femora is rounded.
In the male the anterior tibiz are distinctly sinuate on the inner
side at middle, the anterior tarsus and the first joint of the middle
rather feebly dilated. The last two segments of the abdomen are
simple in both sexes, without grooves or impressions.

This species might be mistaken for basil/aris Say, but the nar-
rower thorax together with the sexual characters will serve to dis-
tinguish it.

Occurs in Alaska.

C. luridipennis Mann. (Catops).—Oblong-elongate, piceous, elytra brown-
ish, surface pubescent. Head rather coarsely and moderately densely punctate.
Antenne piceous, basal half pale. Thorax more than half wider than long,

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (33) avGusrT, 1880.

258 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

narrower in front, sides arcuate, apical and basal angles rounded, base feebly
arcuate, surface densely punctured, feebly shining. Elytra very little wider
than the base of the thorax, oblong-oval, narrower behind, sutural stria moder-
ately deeply impressed, surface without trace of strize, moderately closely punc-
tate. Body beneath finely punctate. Legs piceous or brownish. Length .16—
18 inch; 4—4.5 mm. (PI. V, fig. 17).

In both sexes the anterior femora are flattened on the under
edge and feebly punctate, the male has usually a small tubercle
also at the middle, but this does not seem constant or at least
very evident in all specimens. The anterior tibize in both sexes
are simple. In the male the anterior tarsi are rather broadly
dilated and the first joint of the middle twice as stout as the
second. In the female the ventral segments 3—6 are foveate at
middle, vaguely in the first two, more distinctly in the last two
segments.

This species has almost exactly the form of basillaris as well as
the color, but is known by the form of the femora and the sexual
characters. Specimens occur with the elytra darker in color with the
surface having a fuliginous lustre.

Occurs from Alaska to Oregon, and New England States.

C. simplex Say, (Catops).—Oval, slightly oblong, piceous or brownish,
elytra very little paler, surface pubescent. Head moderately densely punctate.
Antenne piceous, two basal joints paler. Thorax about one-half wider than
long, a little narrowed in front, sides moderately arcuate, anterior angles
rounded, basal angles obtuse, base feebly arcuate, surface densely and rather
finely punctate. Elytra scarcely wider than the thorax, more narrowed behind,
sutural stria moderately impressed, surface not striate, moderately densely
punctate. Body beneath and legs moderately densely punctate. Length .14—
16 inch; 3.5—4 mm.

The anterior femora are distinctly flattened beneath and in the
male with a distinct tubercle at middle. The anterior tarsi of
the male are moderately dilated and the first joint of the mid-
dle tarsus distinctly thickened. The anterior tibize are simple in
both sexes, not sinuate. The ventral segments are simple in both
sexes.

This species is less elongate than duridipennis and more nearly
resembles in form clavicornis.

Widely distributed in the central portion of the Atlantic region.

C, basillaris Say, (Catops).—Oblong moderately elongate, piceous, elytra
paler at base piceous at apex, surface pubescent, moderately shining. Head
moderately densely punctate. Antenne piceous, two or three basal joints
paler. Thorax more than half as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front,
sides moderately arcuate, anterior angles rounded, basal angles obtuse, base

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 259

feebly arcuate, surface moderately shining not densely punctate. Elytra very
little wider than the thorax, narrower behind, sutural stria feebly impressed,
surface rather shining, not densely punctate. Body beneath moderately densely
punctulate. Length .12—.16 inch; 3—4 mm.

The anterior femora beneath are rounded, not flattened, without
trace of tubercle. In the male the anterior tarsi are moderately
dilated and the first joint of the middle evidently thickened. The
anterior tibize male have a slight sinuation within. In the females
the fifth and sixth ventral segments are rather deeply longitudinally
impressed at middle.

This species, the Spenciana of our lists, is so plainly the species
intended by Say, that I have no hesitation in using his name.
Murray has already indicated the synonymy of cadaverinus Mann.,
and I find brunnipennis Mann. not differing. Types of the last two
are before me.

This is the most widely distributed species known to me. It
extends from Alaska to California and Nevada to the Lake Superior
region, White Mountains and as far south as the Middle States, with
some variation in color and lustre.

C. elavicornis Lec. (Catops).—Oval slightly oblong, brownish-piceous,
elytra sometimes paler, pubescent. Head moderately coarsely not densely
punctate. Antenne a little shorter than usual, scarcely attaining the hind
angles of the thorax, piceous, apical and. two basal joints paler. Thorax twice
as wide as long, narrowed in front, sides rather strongly arcuate, apical angles
rounded, the basal obtuse, base feebly arcuate, surface moderately densely
punctate with a tendency to the formation of short transverse strigose. Elytra
oval, gradually arcuately narrowed to apex, not wider than the thorax, sutural

stria finely impressed, surface moderately densely punctate. Body beneath
densely punctulate. Femora faintly strigose. Length .10—.12 inch.

The femora beneath are rounded and not flattened. The anterior
tibize of the male are not sinuate within the tarsi moderately dilated.
The first joint of the middle tarsus is also moderately thickened.
In the female the fifth and sixth ventral segments at middle have a
feeble longitudinal impression.

This species has been improperly placed as a synonym of brunni-
pennis = basillaris but it is very distinct. In outline it has the
margins of the thorax and elytra almost continuous, the antenne are
shorter and finally the sexual characters differ.

Occurs from Michigan to Texas, Middle States to Colorado.

C. decipiens n. sp.—Oblong-oval, brownish, pubescent. Head finely
sparsely punctulate. Antenne piceous, pale at base. Thorax a little less than
twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, sides arcuate, apical and basal angles
rounded, the former, however, more distinct, base broadly arcuate, surface

260 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

finely not densely punctulate, with feeble strigosity near the margin. Elytra
not wider than the thorax, about one and a half times longer than wide, sides
feebly arcuate and gradually narrowed to apex, sutural stria moderately
impressed, dise obsoletely substriate, surface very finely and densely trans-
versely strigose. Body beneath and femora moderately densely punctulate.
Length .14 inch; 3.5 mm.

The lower edge of the femora is acute near the base, slightly
grooved and smooth externally.. The anterior tibize of the male are
simple, not sinuate, the tarsi moderately dilated, the first joint of
middle tarsi moderately thickened. ‘The ventral segments are simple
in both sexes.

This species has some resemblance to Prom. nevadicus as well as to
luridipennis of the present genus, but it is readily recognized by its
strigose elytra, a character otherwise unknown in the genus.

Occurs at Olympia, Washington Territory, (Morrison).

Cc. terminans Lec. (Catops).—Oblong-oval, piceous or brownish, pubes-
cent, margins of thorax and elytra continuous. Head moderately densely
punctulate. Antenne piceous, apical and two basal joints paler. Thorax twice
as wide at base as long, sides arcuate and narrowed to the front, apical angles
obtuse, basal angles rectangular but not produced, base truncate, surface
densely finely punctulate. Elytra as wide at base as the thorax, gradually
arcuately narrowing to the apex, sutural stria moderately deeply impressed,
surface not very densely punctate. Body beneath»moderately densely punctu-
late. Length .10—.12 inch; 2.5—3 mm.

The lower edge of the anterior femora is flat and curved in its
entire length without trace of tubercle in the male. The males have
the anterior tibiz stouter than in the female and more suddenly
narrowed at base, the tarsi are also moderately dilated, the first joint
of middle tarsi proportionately stouter than in any other species.
The abdomen is not impressed in either sex.

The form of the hind angles is peculiar to this species in the
present genus and a relationship to Ptomaphagus indicated.

Occurs from Canada to Massachusetts, Virginia and Illinois.

PRIONOCHLETA op. g.

Form elongate-oval, moderately convex. Head suddenly narrowed behind
the eyes, occiput elevated received against the apex of the thorax. Eyes oval,
flattened posteriorly. Antenne as long as the head and thorax, feebly thick-
ened externally, last four joints rather abruptly shorter than the preceding,
the eighth shorter and very little narrower than the ninth. Last joint of
maxillary palpi elongate conical, acute at tip, equal to the third joint. Middle
coxe contiguous, mesosternum flat. Hind coxe contiguous. Tarsi slender, the
anterior dilated in the male, first joint of the posterior nearly equal to the
others united. Spurs of middle and hind tibie long, the inner nearly equal to
the first joint of the tarsi, the spurs of all the tibize pectinate on both margins

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 261

with fine spinules. Anterior tibiee with two spinules at outer apical angle, the
middle and posterior finely spinulose along the entire margin, the tip fimbriate
with closely placed spinules of unequal length.

This genus represented only by Catops opacus Say, is allied to
Choleva, but differs in the structure of the antennze, the tibial spurs
and the absence of dilatation in the middle tarsi of the male.

P. opaca Say, ( Catops).—Oblong-oval, a little narrower posteriorly, thoracie
and elytral margins very nearly continuous, black feebly shining, clothed with
short dark brown hair. Head finely and densely punctured. Antenne attain-
ing the hind angles of the thorax, piceous, apical and two basal joints pale.
Thorax less than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, apical angles broadly
rounded, apex truncate, sides broadly arcuate, at base slightly narrower, hind
angles obtuse, base slightly arcuate, surface densely and finely punctulate.
Elytra as wide as the thorax, a little more than twice as long as it, sides
moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed toward the tips which are more
obtuse in the male than in the female, the latter has the sutural angle
very slightly prominent, surface moderately densely punctulate, substriate
near the tip, the sutural stria well marked. Body beneath and legs moder-
ately densely punctulate, the femora slightly strigose. Length .20 inch; 5 mm.
(Pl. V, fig. 14).

Occurs in the northern States from Canada to Pennsylvania and

Ohio, not common.
PTOMAPHAGUS Illig.

Form oval or slightly oblong or cuneiform. Head suddenly narrowed behind
the eyes, occiput with a ridge received against the apex of the thorax. Eyes
flattened posteriorly. Antenne nearly as long as the head and thorax, gradu-
ally clavate, eighth joint always shorter and often a little narrower than the
seventh and ninth. Maxillary palpi with last joint short, subulate, third
elongate-oval truncate at tip, second slender. Middle coxe separated by the
mesosternum which is moderately strongly carinate. Posterior coxe contiguous.
Tarsi slender the anterior alone dilated in the male, the middle and posterior
with the first joint as long or a little longer than the next two. Tibiw finely
spinulose externally, the spurs slender but not long.

This genus has been alternately suppressed and revived by authors
who have treated this family more or less completely, but the charac-
ters separating it from the surrounding genera are so well marked and
the facies of the species so decided that it seems as well founded as
any of the genera of the tribe., It does not seem, however, that
Catopomorphus is sufficiently distinct from the present, the trifling
difference in the size of the eighth joint of the antenna hardly suffices
to separate it generically.

The species of this genus all have the elytra and often the thorax also
strigose, a character not elsewhere found well marked in our species of
this tribe except in Adelops. Both sides of the continent furnish repre-
sentatives of the genus, the greater number are however eastern.

262 GEO. H. HORN, M. DB.

The genus as defined by the table of species is composed of quite
homogeneous material. Several points of difference have been observed
between groups of species which appear to have escaped observation.
The antennal character is well known and needs no further comment.
The point of next importance in the table is the character of the
thoracic sculpture accompanied by one of still more utility in this
family and elsewhere—the fimbriation of the tips of the middle and
posterior tibiz. Where the thorax is distinctly strigose the tibize are
fimbriate with short, closely placed equal spinules, and in those with
the thorax simply punetured the spinules are unequal. It might be
noticed here that in genera, even those not remotely related, in which
there is a resemblance more or less great in general appearance, there
is a tendency to repeat or reproduce special characters. Among these
instances I might cite Conosoma, Ptomaphagus, Eucinetus, Eustrophus
and Mordella, in which the tibiz are fimbriate with short equal
spinules. Other more minute resemblances occur in these genera but
this is not the place for their exposition, and with this hint for the
benefit of others I will defer the further consideration to the future
in a separate essay.

The other characters in the table need no special comment and the
table is now presented as a condensation of the important characters
of each species.

Eighth joint of antennz very short and transverse, somewhat narrower than
the seventh or ninth.

Thorax transversely strigose; middle and posterior tibiw fimbriate with short,

equal, closely placed spinules.
Strige of elytra not very closely placed, surface moderately shining.
Elytra very obliquely strigose.......ssccesseseeeee Spacennose consobrinus Lec.

Elytra transversely Strigose......s0essccsseeeceneeees ceceeeeee CALI fOrnicus Lec.
Strigee of elytra very densely placed, transverse. Subopaque. —
nevadicus n. sp.
Thorax punctate, rarely strigose near the margin; middle and posterior tibie
fimbriate with unequal spinules.
Inner spur of posterior tibise as long as the first tarsal joint; sutural

stria rather feebly impressed... ...sccoscoscessscnssencs|socssnnns oblitus Lec.

Inner spur short, less than half the first joint; sutural stria deeply

TIN PLESSEMcccers:cocceresssariorseveseasss\ronnssinecansien Pearenetdecrresivanec? pusio Lec.

Eighth joint of antenne at least half the length of the ninth and scarcely
narrower.

Thorax not twice as wide at base as long, elytra oval gradually arcuately

MANOW INF) LOVAP OR sestevssesarcssesosatcckeesesss spnsoassiccan parasitus Lec.

Thorax more than twice as wide at base as long, elytra conjointly somewhat
triangular, rapidly narrowed from base to apex..brachyderus Lec.

Of the above species two are peculiar to the Pacific region,

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 263

one extends across the Continent, the others are confined to the
Atlantic region.

Pt. consobrinus Lec. (Catops).—Form oblong-oval, somewhat cuneiform
or Mordella-like, brownish or piceous, feebly shining, pubescent, legs and
antenne at base paler. Head sparsely punctulate, pubescence radiating. Thorax
one-third wider at base than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides feebly
arcuate, base slightly arcuate, hind angles acutely rectangular, surface entirely
transversely strigose. Elytra gradually narrowing, sides very feebly arcuate,
apex suddenly obliquely narrowed, sutural angle not prominent, sutural stria
moderately deeply impressed, surface very obliquely strigose. Body beneath
moderately densely punctulate, femora strigose. Middle and posterior tibiz
fimbriate at tip with short equal spinules. Length .08—.12 inch; 2—3 mm.
(PI, V, fig. 15):

This species varies a little in color by having the elytra paler than
the thorax. Some specimens have the strigosity a little less oblique
near the tip but no other differences are observed.

This is our most widely distributed species being found from
Michigan to Florida, Texas, Arizona and California, (Owen’s Valley).
It does not appear to occur in the maritime regions of the Pacific.

Pt. califormicus Lec. (Catops).—Brownish or piceous, pubescent, closely
resembling consobrinus but a little more oval, the sides of the elytra more
arcuate and the surface transversely and more finely strigose. Middle and
posterior tibize fimbriate with short closely placed equal spinules. Length
-10—.12 inch; 2.5—3 mm,

This species is the representative of the preceding in the maritime

regions of California, extending from San Diego northward.

Pt. nevadicus n. sp.—Brownish-piceous, subopaque, pubescent, oval,
slightly oblong, subdepressed. Head finely punctulate, pubescence radiating.
Antenne piceous, four basal joints and tip paler. Thorax nearly twice as wide
at base as long, sides feebly arcuate and gradually narrowed to the front, base
slightly sinuate each side, hind angles slightly prolonged, surface very finely
and densely strigose. Elytra gradually narrowing, sides very feebly arcuate,
tip obliquely subtruncate, sutural stria moderately deeply impressed, surface
very densely and finely strigose. Body beneath finely punctulate. Femora
finely strigose, tibie fimbriate at tip with short equal spinules, the inner
spur of the posterior tibia a little longer than half the first joint. Length
12 inch; 3mm.

Abundantly distinct from the two preceding species by its more
depressed form and the very dense and fine strigosity of the surface,
which requires a moderate power to be seen.

One 9 specimen from western Nevada, collected by H. K. Morrison.

Pt. oblitus Lec. (Catops).—Brownish or piceous, feebly shining, pubes-
cent, form oval, slightly oblong, equally narrowed. Head sparsely punctate.
Antenne piceous, basal joints paler, eighth joint much shorter and narrower
than the ninth. Thorax twice as wide as long, feebly narrowed to the front,
sides slightly arcuate, base arcuate, hind angles vbtuse, surface punctured with

264 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

faint tendeney to strigosity at the sides. Elytra as wide as the thorax, sides
feebly arcuate, apices obtuse, sutural angle obtuse, sutural stria moderately
impressed, surface transversely strigose, the strigw not deep nor closely placed,
pubescence rather coarse. Body beneath somewhat paler than above, finely
punctulate, femora finely strigose. Hind tibie with rather long spurs, the
inner equalling in length the first joint of the tarsus, fimbriate at tip with
unequal spinules. Length .08 inch; 2 mm.

A small species easily known by the characters in the table, occur-

ing in Georgia and Florida.

Pt. pusio Lec. ( Catops).—Castaneous or piceous, moderately shining, pubes-
cent. Form of obd/itus which it resembles in most of its characters and differ-
ing in having the hind angles of thorax nearly rectangular, the sutural stria
more deeply impressed and the inner spur of the hind tibig not longer than
half the first joint. Length .06—.08 inch; 1.5--2 mm. ee

I have seen two specimens clearly identical from California and
Vancouver, but I have provisionally placed with them some specimens
from the Michigan and Lake Superior region, which differ in being a
little more shining and with the strigosity of the elytra slightly oblique.
It has been observed in consobrinus that similar differences do not

seem to be specific.

Pt. parasitus Lec. (Catops).—Piceo-rufous or castaneous, shining, clothed
with fine pubescence, form oval, narrower posteriorly. Head sparsely punctate.
Antenne with eighth joint not narrower than the ninth and,at least half as
long. Thorax a little less than twice as wide at base as long, sides moderately
arcuate and gradually narrowing to the front, hind angles subrectangular, base
very feebly bisinuate, surface moderately densely punctate, slightly strigose
near the sides. Elytra gradually arcuately narrowing from the base, apex
obtuse, sutural angle rounded, sutural stria moderately deeply impressed, sur-
face nearly transversely strigose, the strigze rather coarse and distant. Body
beneath finely punctate, femora strigose. Tibiz fimbriate at tip with unequal
spinules, the spurs of the posterior tibie short. Length .08 inch; 2 mm.

The antennal character serves to separate this and the next species
from those which precede, but its importance generically seems to
have been exaggerated.

Occurs from New York to District of Columbia, in the nests of a

black ant.

Pt. brachyderus Lec. (Catops).—Castaneous, moderately shining, finely
pubescent, form broadly oval rapidly narrowing from the base of the elytra.
Head finely punctate. Antenne as in parasitus. Thorax much more than
twice.as wide at base as long, sides arcuate and rapidly narrowing to the front,
base sinuate on each side, hind angles rectangular, slightly prolonged, surface
finely not densely punctulate on the dise and sides. Elytra but little longer
than wide at base, sides feebly arcuate rapidly narrowing posteriorly, apices
subobliquely truncate, sutural stria moderately impressed, surface finely and
closely transversely strigose with a tendency to become simply punctate near
the suture. Body beneath not densely punctulate, femora substrigose. Tibiz

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 265

fimbriate at tip with unequal spinules, the spurs short. Length .10—.12 inch;
2.5—3 mm. (PI. V, fig. 16).

This species appears to resemble Catops depressus Murr. in form,
but as he places that in the series with the mesosternum simple there
does not appear to be any further relationship.

Occurs from Nova Scotia to New York, very rare.

ADELOPS Tellkampf.

Oval, narrower behind, convex, body above arched. Head suddenly nar-
rowed behind, the angles prominent as in Ptomaphagus, occiput elevated,
received against the apex of the thorax. Eyes small, normally placed, without
pigment. Antenne slender, a little longer than the head and thorax, the
basal joint received in repose in a deep groove at the side of the head, the last
five joints forming an elongate loose club, the eighth joint being shorter and
a little narrower than the seventh or ninth. Maxillary palpi with the last
joint slender, subuliform, third obconical truncate, second slender. Middle
coxe separated, the mesosternum with a strong keel-like carina. Metasternum
short, body apterous, posterior coxe contiguous. Tarsi slender, the anterior
dilated in the male, the first joint of posterior equal to the two following.
Tibie very finely spinulose externally, the spurs small.

The anterior tarsi are five-jointed in both sexes. This genus is
very closely allied to Ptomaphagus and I am in doubt whether it
should be retained as distinct. The only differences are: the small
eyes, the deep depression at the side of the head and the very strong
mesosternal carina. The antenne are also longer and more slender.
It may be hardly necessary to remark that the European species
referred to Ade/ops do not belong there, as they have a narrow head
deeply inserted in the thorax and absolutely deprived of eyes. For
these the name Baruyscta Schicedte, should be used.

A. hirtus Tellk.—Oval, narrower behind, pale brown, moderately shining,
clothed with yellowish brown pubescence. Head finely and sparsely punctu-
late, pubescence arranged in a radiating manner from the centre of the vertex.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides gradually arcuate narrowing from
base to apex, hind angles rectangular, base squarely truncate, surface sparsely
punctulate at middle, strigose at the sides. Scutellum short, broad, usually
concealed in repose. Elytra a little narrower than the thorax, sides feebly
arcuate gradually converging, apex gradually narrowed, sutural angle obtuse % ,
acute ?, surface rather coarsely strigose, the lines of minute punctures slightly
oblique, sutural stria entire deeply impressed. Body beneath very finely punctu-
late, femora strigose. Length .08—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm. (PI. VI, fig. 1).

Occurs in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, as well as in other caves on
the western side of the mountains.

At this point it is proper that the attention of observers should
be directed to the collection of the coleoptera in our large caves.
It seems hardly probable that but one Silphide should live in them

and it not eyeless.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VIII. (34) SEPTEMBER, 1880.

266 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

The group CoLonEs contains but two genera thus far described,
one only occurs in our fauna, the other is from Auckland, N. Z.,
they are distinguished in the followiife manner :

Antenne gradually clavate, eighth joint not narrower nor shorter than the
contiguous joints; last joint of maxillary palpi slender...........0+.....COlOM.
Antenne very slightly thicker externally, eighth joint shorter and a little
narrower than the seventh and ninth; last joint of maxillary palpi dilated,

SubseCurifOrMm.......eeeeseeee elpaceoshisanwnisescastecesesesssvansessiusss oseses sageee Camiarus.

The genus Camiarus eeseate all the essential features of the tribe
Cholevini as defined in the present paper, and must be referred to
the present group by the form of the head and the structure of the
abdomen. It is however, somewhat of a synthetic type, presenting a
structure of antenna more nearly resembling that seen among the first
two groups than of the Choleve taken collectively. I am not able
to perceive the relationship with the Seydmeenide which Dr. Sharp
intimates, although one of the species does certainly resemble a robust
Eumicrus in facies. The dissimilarity in form of the two species
seems to indicate the occurrence of others. For specimens I am
indebted to the great liberality of Dr. Sharp to whom we owe our
knowledge of them, (Ent. Mo. Mag. xiii, p. 23). Figures of the two
species will be found on Pl. VI, fig. 24—25.

COLON Herbst.

Form oblong-oval, usually moderately convex. Head oval, not narrowed
behind the eyes, occiput not elevated. Wyes nearly round, moderately promi-
nent. Antenne rarely passing the middle of the thorax, first joint moderately
stout not long, second nearly as stout but shorter, third more slender than the
second and variable in length, joints 4—7 usually short, gradually wider, 8—11
forming an oblong moderately compact club. Last joint of maxillary palpi
slender, subulate. Middle coxe separated, the mesosternum not carinate, pos-
terior coxz contiguous. Tarsi slender, the middle and posterior usually com-
pressed, and with the first joint somewhat shorter than the second, the anterior
usually dilated in the male. Tibis spinulose, the spurs in the male broader
from middle to base or in the anterior tibia dentate at the sides. Abdomen with
five segments, the terminal often retracted and showing but four.

This genus is separated from all others in the tribe by the structure
of the antennze, head and abdomen.

In most if not all of the books the mesosternum is said to be
carinate, this is not so in any of our species not even in that which
I recognize as bidentatum.

The most curious character observed, and one which appears to
have escaped notice, is the structure of the tibial spurs in the male.
On the anterior tibia especially, the front spur is short and stout and

at the sides dentate or lobed, recalling somewhat the structure ob-

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 267

served in the 7rip/lectrus group of Anisodactylus or the Zrizna group
of Amara, The larger spur of the middle and posterior tibiz is
slender but abruptly wider from the middle to the base. This form
of spur is important in the determination of sex, as some species
have the anterior tarsi as slender in the male as in the female, so
that the presence of a permanent character common to all males
enables us at once to determine to which group a species should
be referred.

The importance of sexual differences in the male has always been
recognized as a means of fitly dividing the species in groups, by all
authors who have studied the genus, (Hrichson, Kraatz, Tournier and
Thomson), the latter even going so far as to separate those with
anterior tarsi dilated and those not so into two genera.

Recognizing the value of some independent characters for the
determination of sex, one which will be common to all the species
and not to a part only, M. Henri Tournier (Ann. Ent. Soe. Fr. 1863,
p. 154), states that the males have five abdominal segments and the
females but four. He says: “I have been able to convince myself
that this character is constant, I have observed it in nature on all the
species of the genus with the exception of C. emarginatus Rosenh.,
which I have not been able to procure.”

In a very careful examination of our species I am prepared to say
that this character has absolutely no value as far as they are concerned.
In support of my own assertion the following table is presented which
can be made instructive from another standpoint.

MALES. | FEMALES.
four segments. five segments.) four segments. five segments.

1. bidentatum. 0 2 0 0
2. paradoxum. 0 2 0 0
3. dentatum. 0 1 1 0
4, Hubbardi. 0 5 0 0
5. putum, 0 7 0 0
6. celatum. 0 1 0 0
7. magnicolle. 4 3 0 0
8. pusillum. 8 2 1 0
9. inerme. il 1 1 0
10. thoracicum. 0 1 0 1
11. asperatum, 2 0 1 1
12. clavatum. + 3 0 0
13. nevadense. 5 1 1 0

24 29° 5 2

268 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

From the above list it will be seen that 60 specimens have been
observed, 53 $ and 7 9, with several others too mutilated to be
safely made use of. The table shows the relative frequency of the
sexes. Of the 53 males 24 have four abdominal segments visible,
29 have five segments. Of the females 5 have four segments and 2
have five. Thus the value of the number of segments in determin-
ing the sex of our species is completely disproved by the statistical
arrangemént of the specimens.

Another point in connection with this is a comparison of the
European species with our own on other characters. Of the twenty-
four species included in the admirable monograph by Tournier, twenty-
two have the posterior thighs of the male variably dentate, one only
has simple thighs and of one the male is unknown. In the preceding
list of our species five (bidentatum is probably introduced and not
counted at this time), have dentate thighs and seven simple thighs.

Reverting to the table all the males with dentate thighs have five
abdominal segments and the only known female four. The last seven
species with the posterior thighs simple, a series in which we greatly
exceed the European number, we have ten males with five segments
and seventeen with four, and in the femiles four have four segments
and two have five.

From the evidence afforded by our own material it is highly proba-
ble that Tournier’s statement is entirely correct for the European
species and not at all true for those peculiar to our fauna.

The antennal club varies in length and thickness and apparently
in the number of joints composing it. In the following pages the
club is for the most part called “ four-jointed,”’ but in several instances
the seventh joint is so much larger than the sixth and approximates
more closely in size to the eighth that the club is then called “ five-
jointed.”

The study of the species beyond this point is an extremely difficult
one and males only can be determined with certainty even by com-
parison, fortunately they are more abundant.

The following table will assist the student in the determination
of the species:

Anterior tarsi of male slender, not at all dilated. Posterior femora of male
toothed near the apex.
Posterior tibiz distinctly arcuate, an obtuse tooth near the knee.
bidentatum Sabhlb.
Posterior tibize feebly arcuate and slightly narrowed at the knee, without
TOOUN scosesccliecedesotiv ot sonealavs covsecleersersantacrererss paradoxum n. sp.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 269

Anterior tarsi of male with three joints rather broadly dilated.
Posterior femora of male toothed.
Tooth of femora long, hind tibiae arcuate......00 ssc -Hubbardi n. sp.
Tooth short and near the middle of femur. Tibi straight.
Form oblong-oval, not broader in front, hind angles of thorax very
obtuse or rounded.
Anterior tibie of male sinuate within; punctuation of thorax dense
and conspicuous. Femoral tooth very small,..dentatum Lec.
Anterior tibize of male arcuate; punctuation of thorax rather sparse
and inconspicuous. Femoral tooth very evident...celatwma n. sp.
Form oval, broader in front, hind angles of thorax distinct almost

rectangular.
Anterior tibize of male sinuate within; punctuation of thorax fine
and rather sparse. Femoral tooth small...... Anno putumi n. sp.

Posterior femora of male without trace of tooth.
Hind angles of thorax distinct, sometimes acutely rectangular.
Body evidently broader in front, the elytra rather rapidly narrowing to
apex with feebly arcuate sides as in Ptomaphagus.
Surface subopaque, densely punctured, sutural stria entire; larger

BPeCies (CLO—— 12 IN Ch:).c<cascvaersicssscaccsivorccves ¢-magnicolle Mann.
Surface rather shining, thorax sparsely punctate, sutural stria evanes-
cent near base, smaller species .06 inch........... pusillumi n. sp.

Body oblong-oval, not wider in front, elytra behind the humeri usually
wider than the thorax.
Thorax densely punctured with fine equal punctures.
Middle and hind tarsi compressed and distinctly shorter than the
tibiw, species larger .10—.12 inch............sc00 elavatum Mann.
Middle and hind tarsi slender, very nearly as long as the tibie,
SPeCles SMASH OG TCM .c-cs-ecccaveccecssecccelsecseans -imerme Mann.
Thorax with coarse rather deep punctures with finer ones in the
THD Ehceccoconcica cates sncucoceecd seeneacee Seaceeesan thoracicum n. sp.
Hind angles of thorax rounded.
Punctuation rather coarse and submuricate, form more convex and more
obtuse in front; color piceous, legs rufous....asperatum nD. sp.
Punctuation fine, form depressed, oblong; color brown to rufous.
nevadense n. sp.

C. bidentatum Sahlb.—Oblong-oval, a little more obtuse in front, piceous
or castaneous, finely pubescent. Head coarsely punctured. Antenne attaining
the middle of the thorax, rufous at base, club piceous. Thorax about one-fourth
wider at base than long, sides gradually arcuately narrowing to apex, base
truncate, hind angles obtuse, surface very densely punctate. Elytra as wide at
base as the thorax, sides gradually arciiately narrowing to apex, sutural stria
finely impressed, arcuate at middle, attaining both base and apex, surface very
faintly substriate, densely punctured, similar to the thorax with the punctures
slightly muricate, each bearing a short fine hair. Body beneath densely
punctulate but more finely than above. Femora more sparsely punctate.
Length .10—.12 inch; 2.5—5 mm.

Male.—Anterior tibia slender, straight, squarely truncate at tip, outer edge
extremely finely spinulose, the spurs short, stout, the anterior slightly lobed
at the sides, the tarsus slender, filiform and glabrous. Middle tibie straight,

270 ; GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

a little broader than the anterior and distinctly spinulose externally, the spurs
slightly dilated from middle to base, tarsus distinctly compressed. Posterior
femur slightly crenulate along the lower edge and with a small acute tooth
near the tip arising from the outer edge, the tibia arcuate and with an obtuse
tooth near the base, the spurs slender at tip, rather suddenly broader at basal
half, tarsi slightly compressed. (PI. VI, fig. 10).

Female.—Unknown in nature. The posterior femora are simple, (Tournier).

In this species the antennal club may properly be called four-
jointed, the terminal joint rounded or oval at tip. The second and
third joints are equal in length the latter a little more slender. I have
not made any direct comparison of our specimens with the European
species to which this is referred, but [ have no doubt of their identity
from the excellent figures given by Tournier.

Two % specimens, Massachusetts, (Blanchard), New York, (Ulke).

C. paradoxum 0n. sp.—Oblong-oval, very little more obtuse in front,
piceous, very feebly shining, sparsely pubescent, legs paler. Head densely
punctured. Antenne piceous, paler at base, attaining the middle of the thorax,
club four-jointed. Thorax and elytra asin bidentatum. Body beneath moder-
ately densely punctulate. Length .08 inch; 2 mm.

Male.—<Anterior tibiee very little broader to the tip, the outer apical angle
distinct, the spurs slightly lobed at the sides, the tarsi filiform. Posterior
femora with a slight angulation near the apex and obsoletely crenulate at
middle, the tibie very slightly arcuate and at base a little more rapidly
narrowed presenting a slight angle. (Pl. VI, fig. 14).

Female.—Unknown.

This species might readily be mistaken for bidentatum or dentatum
by its superficial characters, the sexual character of the male will
distinguish it from either.

Pennsylvania and District of Columbia, (Ulke).

C. Hubbardi n. sp.—Closely resembling dentatum in form and color but
a little more coarsely pubescent. Thorax and elytra very nearly equally
punctate and somewhat more coarsely than in dentatum. Antennal club
distinctly five-jointed, the seventh joint being also broad. Length .10 inch;
2.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior tibiew gradually broader to tip, inner margin straight, the
outer apical angle slightly acute, spurs as in dentatum, tarsi rather broadly
dilated. Posterior tibie slightly arcuate, the femora with a slender tooth of
variable length arising from the inner margin near the tip, the tooth thin but
band-like with one of the terminal angles slightly prolonged. Middle and
posterior tarsi slightly compressed. (Pl. VI, fig. 13).

Female.—Unknown.

I know of no means by which this species may be distinguished
from dentatum except by the sexual characters of the male. It is
highly probable that the female will have a slight tooth on the femur
near the tip. The punctuation here is rather coarser than in dentatum

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 27

and by that means a little experience will enable one to separate them,
but this is difficult to communicate by description.
Occurs in Michigan, Tennessee and District of Columbia.

C. dentatum Lec.—Oblong-oval, very little more obtuse in front, piceous
to rufous, surface finely pubescent. Head rather coarsely and densely punc-
tured. Antenne attaining the middle of the thorax, basal joints rufous, club
darker, the latter of four joints the terminal narrower and obtuse at tip.
Thorax about one-fourth wider at base than long, sides arcuate, gradually
narrowing to the front, base truncate, hind angles rounded, surface very
densely punctate. Elytra as wide as the thorax at base, arcuately narrowing
to the apex, sutural stria finely impressed becoming obsolete near the base,
surface densely submuricately punctate, punctures less dense and a little coarser
than those of the thorax. Body beneath moderately densely punctulate. Legs
more sparsely punctulate. Length .06—.08 inch; 1.5—2 mm.

Male.—Anterior tarsi dilated, the tibie broader at tip, slightly sinuate on the
inner side, the outer apical angle acute, the spurs slightly lobed at the sides.
Posterior femora with a small acute tooth at middle arising from the anterior
margin, the tibie straight and simple. The spurs of the middle and posterior
tibiz are slightly broader from base to middle, the tarsi slender but slightly
compressed. (PI. VI, fig. 11).

Female.—Tarsi and spurs simple. Posterior femora without tooth. Anterior
tibie slender. (Cab. Ulke).

On the elytra may be seen very faint traces of striz near the base,
and in the female above-mentioned the sutural stria extends to basal
margin but is extremely fine.

Occurs in New York and Pennsylvania.

C. celatum n. sp.—Oblong-oval, not broader in front, subdepressed, fer-
ruginous, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent. Head finely punctulate. Antenne
paler at base, the club darker, the latter four-jointed, the terminal joint longer
than the preceding, obtuse at tip and paler. Thorax nearly one-half wider
than long, sides moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed to tip, base
truncate, hind angles rounded, surface finely but rather sparsely punctulate.
Elytra as wide as the thorax, sides moderately arcuate, sutural stria entire but
very fine near the base, surface moderately densely punctured, more densely
and a little more coarsely than the thorax. Abdomen finely not densely punctu-
late, sides of metasternum more coarsely punctate. Length .08 inch; 2 mm.

Male.—Anterior tibia rather strongly arcuate, broader at tip, the spurs lobed
at the sides, the tarsi dilated. Middle and posterior tibie straight, the tarsi
slender, slightly compressed. Posterior femur with a triangular acute tooth
near the middle arising from the inner edge. (PI. VI, fig. 12).

Female.— Unknown.

This species resembles nevadense of the next series so greatly that
it might easily be placed with it without detection except by the male
characters. It also resembles dentatum in form but is more depressed.
This species seems to be our equivalent for the European Delarouzei.

One specimen, western Nevada, (Morrison).

272 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

C. putum n. sp.—Oval, slightly oblong, evidently broader in front, brown-
ish or ferruginous, moderately shining, finely pubescent. Head rather coarsely,
moderately densely punctured. Antenne pale, attaining the middle of the
thorax, club four-jointed, the terminal joint as long as the preceding and
obtuse. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides arcuately narrowing to the
front, base truncate, hind angles distinct but obtuse, surface moderately shin-
ing, finely not densely punctulate. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, sides
arcuately narrowing to apex, surface moderately densely submuricately punc-
tate, sutural stria gradually evanescent near the base. Abdomen sparsely
punctulate. Metasternum sparsely but more coarsely punctate. Length .08
inch, nearly; 2 mm.

Male.—Anterior tibie gradually broader to tip, the inner edge slightly sinu-
ate, the spur lobed at the sides, the tarsus dilated. Middle and posterior
tibie straight, their tarsi slender, nearly as long as the tibie and slightly
compressed. Posterior femur with a very minute tooth at middle arising from
the outer edge.

Female.—Unknown.

This species possesses the sexual characters of dentatum, but differs
in its outward form and the sculpture of the surface. It however
reproduces exactly the superficial characters of pusil/wm, but this has
no tooth on the femur of the male.

Pennsylvania and District of Columbia.

C. magnicolle Mann.—Oval, slightly oblong, more obtuse in front, piceous
opaque, finely pubescent. Head rather shining, moderately densely punctulate.
Antenne passing a little the middle of the thorax, pale brownish, terminal
joint oval at tip, as long as the preceding and somewhat paler, club gradually
formed, five-jointed. Thorax large, about one-fourth wider than long, a little
broader in front of base, sides arcuate and gradually narrowed to the front,
base truncate, hind angles rectangular, surface densely punctulate. Elytra a
little narrower than the thorax, gradually narrowed toward apex, sides very
feebly arcuate, sutural stria entire, surface not more densely punctured than
the thorax but a little more roughly. Abdomen very densely punctulate.
Length .10—.12 inch; 2—2.5 mm. (PI. VI, fig. 8).

Male.—Anterior tibise gradually broader to tip, the inner margin slightly
sinuate, the outer apical angle obliquely truncate, the spurs lobed at the sides,
the tarsi rather widely dilated. Middle and posterior tibiz straight, the tarsi
slender, slightly compressed and shorter than the tibiae. Posterior femur
without tooth.

Female.—Unknown.

This species from its form and size can hardly be mistaken for any
other. Smaller specimens have a slight resemblance to clavatus, but
in these the anterior tibiz of the male are not sinuate within and the
outer apical angle not truncate.

Manuerheim describes the posterior angles of the thorax as obtuse
but when a distinct view is obtained they are truly rectangular.

Occurs at Alaska, Vancouver, Lake Superior, Michigan and

Pennsylvania.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 273

Cc. pusillum n. sp.—Form, color and sculpture of putum, of somewhat
smaller size and differing only in the sexual characters of the male.

Male.—Characters of putum except that the posterior femora are without tooth.

Female.—Unknown.

There is a specimen from Colorado in the cabinet of Dr. Leconte,

differing from the others in having the sutural stria entire, but it
agrees so closely in all else that I prefer to refer it here. It seems
to be a female and differs from the male in the absence of anterior
tarsal dilatation.

Maryland, Virginia, District of Columbia and Colorado.

Cc. eclavatum Mann.—Oblong-oval, equally narrowed at either end, broad-
est at the middle of the entire length, piceous or brownish, feebly shining,
finely pubescent. Head moderately densely punctured. Antenne slightly
passing the middle of the thorax, basa] joints rufous, club moderately stout,
five-jointed, the terminal obtuse at tip. Thorax about one-fourth wider than
long, sides arcuately narrowing to apex, base truncate, hind angles rectangular,
surface densely punctulate. Elytra as wide at base as the thorax, sides arcuate
and a little broader behind the humeri, sutural stria evanescent near the base,
surface not more densely punctured than the thorax but submuricately. Ab-
domen moderately densely punctate, metasternum more coarsely but sparsely.
Length .10—.12 inch; 2.5—3 mm.

Male.—Anterior tibiz gradually broader to tip, not sinuate within, the tip
truncate, the outer apical angle distinct, spurs lobed at the sides, tarsi dilated.
Middle tibiw straight. Posterior tibie slightly arcuate, the tarsi compressed,
decidedly shorter than the tibia. Posterior femur without tooth.

Female.—Unknown.

This must be classed among our larger species and is known by the

sexual characters and form of body.
Occurs in Alaska, Vancouver, California, Nevada and Colorado,

C. inerme Mann.—Oblong-oval, not broader in front, elytra a little wider
behind the humeri than the thorax, piceous, feebly shining, finely pubescent.
Head rather coarsely, not densely punctate. Antenne attaining the middle of
the thorax, paler at base, club four-jointed, the terminal joint obtuse. Thorax
about one-fourth wider than long, sides arcuate, gradually narrowing to the
front, base truncate, hind angles rectangular, surface moderately shining,
densely punctulate. Elytra as wide at base as the thorax, slightly broader
behind the humeri, sides feebly arcuate, sutural stria finely impressed, evanes-
cent near the base, surface a little less densely punctured than the thorax,
the punctuation a little rougher. Body beneath moderately densely punctate.
Length .08 inch; 2 mm.

Male.—Anterior tibia gradually broader, not sinuate within, the outer apical
angle distinct, the spurs lobed at the side, the tarsus dilated. Middle and
posterior tibiz straight, the tarsi rather slender and but little shorter than the
tibia. Posterior femur without tooth.

Female.—Anterior tibia slender, the spurs slender, the tarsus filiform. Other-
wise as in the male,

Occurs in Alaska, California and Colorado.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (35) SEPTEMBER, 1880.

274 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

C. thoracicam n. sp.—Oblong, moderately elongate, not broader in front,
reddish-brown, elytra with a common central cloud, surface slightly shining,
sparsely pubescent. Head rather coarsely, moderately densely punctate. An-
tenn attaining the middle of the thorax, ferruginous, club darker, four-jointed
with the terminal joint obtuse and paler. Thorax one-fourth wider than long,
broader in front of base, sides arcuate, hind angles sharply rectangular, surface
with coarse, moderately deep simple punctures not densely placed, with finer
punctures in the intervals. Elytra a little wider between the humeri than
the base of the thorax, broader behind, sides moderately arcuate, sutural stria
entire but indistinct near the base, surface with a faint evidence of a strial
arrangement of larger punctures near the base and sides, the intervals a little
more finely but not very densely punctate. Abdomen moderately densely
punctured, metasternum coarsely but sparsely punctate. Length .10 inch;
2.5mm. (Pl. VI, fig. 7).

Male.—Anterior tibiw straight, the outer apical angle obliquely truncate, the
spurs lobed at the side, the tarsi dilated. Middle and hind tibie straight, the
tarsi slender, slightly compressed. Posterior femur without tooth.

Female.—The anterior tibiz are more slender than the male, the outer apical
angle obliquely truncate, the spurs slender, the tarsi filiform. Otherwise as
in the male.

This species, independently of its sexual characters, is easily
known by the base of thorax being evidently narrower than the
elytra at base, and the surface punctured after the manner of
Heteroderes.

Two specimens, one $ , Missouri; 9, District of Columbia, (Ulke).

C. asperatuma n. sp.—Oblong-oval, broader in front, moderately convex,
piceous, slightly shining, legs rufous, surface sparsely coarsely pubescent.
Head not densely punctate. Antenne piceous paler at base, attaining the
middle of thorax, club four-jointed the terminal joint longer than the tenth,
oval at tip and paler. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, sides feebly arcuate
and narrowed to the front, base truncate, hind angles broadly rounded, sur-
face moderately densely submuricately punctured at the base and sides, more
sparsely at the middle and front of disc. Elytra a little narrower at base
than the thorax, sides feebly arcuate and gradually narrowed to tip, sutural
stria moderately deep and entire, surface moderately densely and rather
coarsely submuricately punctured, presenting a rough appearance. Abdomen
not densely punctured, metasternum at sides coarsely punctured. Length .08
inch; 2mm.

Male.—Anterior tibie gradually broader, the outer apical angle distinct,
the spurs lobed at the sides, the tarsi dilated. Middle and posterior tibie
straight, the tarsi slender and nearly as long as the tibie. Posterior femur
without tooth.

Female.—Anterior tibizs more slender, the spurs simple, the tarsi filiform.
Otherwise as in the male.

This species is nearly of the form and size of putum but is always
piceous, the surface more roughly sculptured and the hind angles of
thorax more rounded.

Occurs in Michigan, Canada, Illinois and District of Columbia.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 275

Cc. nevadense n. sp.—Oblong-oval, feebly convex, not broader in front,
piceous to ferruginous, finely pubescent. Head rather finely punctured. An-
tenne ferruginous, club darker, attaining the middle of the thorax, the club
four-jointed, the terminal joint a little larger than the tenth, obtuse at tip
and paler. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides moderately arcuate and
gradually narrowed to the front, base truncate, hind angles rounded, surface
finely and not very densely punctulate. Elytra as wide as the thorax, sides
moderately arcuate and gradually narrowed to apex, sutural stria entire, finely
impressed, surface moderately densely punctured and a very little more coarsely
than the thorax. Abdomen finely but not densely punctulate, metasternum at
sides coarsely punctate. Length .06— 08 inch; 1.5—2 mm.

Male.—Anterior tibiz straight very little broader at tip, the spurs lobed at the
side, the tarsi slightly dilated. Middle and posterior tibie straight, the tarsi
slender, slightly compressed. Posterior femora without tooth.

Female.—Anterior tibiz straight, spurs simple, tarsi filiform. Otherwise as
in the male.

This species bears such a very close superficial resemblance to
celatum before described, that it is impossible to distinguish them
except by the male characters which are fortunately very evident.

Occurs in western Nevada, (Morrison).

Tribe V.— Anisotomini.

Anterior coxe conical, prominent, contiguous, with trochantin, the cavities
strongly angulate externally and narrowly closed behind. Middle coxe always
separated but in some narrowly. Posterior coxe contiguous. Abdomen with
six segments subequal in length or with the first a little longer, the sixth
usually very short. Antenns variable in the number of the joints either ten
or eleven, club variable of 3—4 or five joints; arising under a slight frontal
margin in all of the genera.

By a comparison of the above formula with that of the Silphini
it will be seen that they differ only in the structure of the prothorax
beneath. In all preceding reviews of the tribe the structure of the
posterior trochanters has been made use of in a manner which seems
entirely false and misleading. I do not find any constant difference
between the two tribes in the form of the trochanter, on the contrary
there are forms in each which if rigorously interpreted would remove
their possessors from the respective tribes. In proof I need only cite
Pteroloma of the Silphini and certain Hydnobius in the present tribe.
Taking the tribe Silphini as recognized by Lacordaire and his fol-
lowers, the entire series which I have here separated as Cholevini
do not differ materially from the present tribe in the form of the
trochanter, but are quite at variance with that found in the larger
Silphini.

As arule any part of an insect which exhibits a decided tendency
to vary, not only between species but also in the two sexes, is an

276 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

extremely unsafe one to use in any system of classification beyond
the separation of species.

The separation of the genera of the tribe as found in the books is
by no means happy and in some respects apt to seriously mislead.
The tables for the greater part either begin with dividing the genera
in two series based on the similarity of the tarsi in the two sexes or
their dissimilarity, or else the contractile power is taken as the start-
ing point, these systems are sometimes varied by first excluding those
genera with five-jointed tarsi on all the feet. It is certainly true that,
taken as a whole, those genera with the tarsi similar in the two sexes
are not contractile, while those with dissimilar tarsi are contractile,
often very much so. Unfortunately we find that both Cyrtusa and
Colenis are more contractile than some Liodes or even Agathidium
and the character at once fails. The similarity or not of the tarsi
in the sexes is a much better means of separation than the other, un-
fortunately it requires both sexes for positive determination, as a female
Colenis is equally well placed in either series if the male is unknown.

The presence or absence of an antennal groove which has done
such good service in other parts of the Clavicorn series is here a
character of very great value. Reaching its highest development in
Agathidium and Liodes, the groove becomes feebler in the other
genera but still well marked even in Cyrtusa where a distinct ridge
exists within and behind the eye beneath, and the inner limit of the
groove is formed by an elevation of the edge of the buccal cavity.
Although the existence of the groove has been casually mentioned
by various authors, its importance as a means of dividing the genera
has not been recognized. By reference to the table it will be found
that the genera with similar and dissimilar tarsi in the sexes are
rather sharply separated, Cyrtusa being the only exceptional case and
this seems to me no detriment to the value of the character inas-
much as it fixes that genus as a very natural link between the two
series of genera, a fact which seems admitted by the position in which
it is placed.

As in Necrophorus a portion of the clypeus is membranous, so in
the present tribe we find a tendency to the same structure. Triarthron
has the clypeus entirely membranous, Hydnobius partly so, while in
other genera the anterior border is slightly membranous or the entire
clypeus may be corneous. The suture between the clypeus and front
is rarely well marked, usually entirely obliterated and not visible except
the front be slightly translucent.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 277

Of the fifteen genera known in the tribe three only are found
outside of Europe and North America (Stereus Woll., from Madeira,
Dietta Sharp, New Zealand, and Scotocryptus Girard, Brazil), the
remaining twelve are thus distributed: Peculiar to Europe Agari-
cophagus and Amphicyllis, peculiar to America Anogdus, Lsoplastus
and Aglyptus, leaving seven common to the two countries.

The ten genera occurring in our fauna are distributed in the fol-
lowing manner: Peculiar to the Pacific region 7riarthron, common to
the Atlantic and Pacific regions Hydnobius, Anisotoma, Liodes and
Agathidium, leaving five occurring only in the Atlantic region.

In the following table no mention is made of the contractile power
and any sexual difference in the tarsi has secondary mention, this is for
reasons already explained. In any cabinet arrangement Liodes should
be placed next in front of Agathidium, it is placed in the position it
occupies in the table on account of the antennal structure approaching
more closely the genera which precede it than those which follow.
A.—Head without antennal grooves beneath.

Posterior tarsi 5-jointed. Mesosternum not carinate.
Antennal club 3-jointed.

Tibiz slender, not strongly spinulose..........ss0ssceseee -Triarthron.

Tibiw dilated and strongly spinulose..........s00ssccesseesee senses Stereus.
Antennal club 5-jointed................cssce0secceeee Acgocnoconeec panes Hydnobius.
Antennal club 4-jointed.

Tarsi 4—5—5. ..ccssseseeseeeee BEN -POSCEO SOB ECD SOSELRCCO COON EU OREO ... Dietta.

Posterior tarsi with a less number than five joints. Mesosternum carinate.
Tarsi with joints 5—5—4 in both sexes.

Antennal club 4-jointed.............06+ negenDndy sokOIO “IOTeEECREG ACCEL . Anogdus.

Antennal club 5-joimted........ceeececeeeee }ccconcrep aeseceeconceos . Anisotoma.
Tarsi 5—4—4 in both sexes.

Antennal club elongate, loose, 3-jointed...........se00 cesses Seceneccde Colenis.
Tarsi 4—3—3 in both sexes.

Antennal club 5-jointed...........00..seseeee mdcceucddouconoen .Agaricophagus.

B.—Head with distinctly limited antennal grooves.
Antennal club 5-jointed, elongate. Tarsi dissimilar in the sexes... Liodes.
Antennal club 4-jointed.
Antenne apparently 10-jointed. Tarsi similar in the sexes...... Cyrtusa.
Antenne distinctly 11-jointed. Tarsi dissimilar 4 and 9...Amphieyllis.
Antennal club 3-jointed. Tarsi dissimilar in the sexes.
AEG rinses WK] OUNILG Cd seeswedaeetestedseweleteetel-aaces <ccacelseesshcecund= aitacese Isoplastus.
Antenne 11-jointed.
Posterior tarsi 4-jointed in both sexes, the mesosternum not carinate
HEU WCC: LNO1COX Dice de cnsltachrsleccweren ax ctnasesscesescanvence Agathidium.
Posterior tarsi 3-jointed, mesosternum strongly carinate...... Aglyptus.

The tribe as here constituted is composed of the same genera as
in those authors since the time of Lacordaire, he included Clambus

278 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

which has been very properly removed and with several other genera
since indicated constitutes the tribe Clambini.

Of the genera of the second division Aglyptus alone has the meso-
sternum truly carinate. In some Agathidium the anterior flat portion
of the mesosternum is obtusely carinate but not between the cox.
All the others have a plain mesosternum.

From the characters given by Wollaston it seemed that Stereus
should be placed near Cyrtusa or Isoplastus, but I am informed by
Mr. Charles O. Waterhouse of the British Museum, that the tarsi are
actually five-jointed on all the feet in both sexes, and that there is no
trace of an antennal groove. It seems however to bear the same re-
lation to Triarthron that Anisotoma obsoleta does to the other species.
I must here acknowledge the courtesy of Mr. Waterhouse in promptly
replying to my inquiries, thereby enabling me, even at a late moment,
to insert the present paragraph.

The genus Dietta Sharp, (Ent. Mo. Mag. xiii, p. 78), appears to be
very closely allied in its more important characters to Anogdus Lec.,
but from the description there are certain characters of such an
anomalous nature that a second examination seems necessary. The
anterior tarsi are said to be four-jointed, the middle and posterior five.
The presence of a less number of joints in the anterior tarsi than in
the two following is altogether without parallel in the Anisotomini.
The “side piece (epimeron) of the prothorax produced behind the
coxze, but extremely slender, so as to be only a spine—the two not
meeting in the middle,” is I suspect one of those cases in which the
eyes have been deceived, as all the Anisotomini have the anterior coxze
closed behind by the epimera, a fact which is sometimes demonstrable
only by the separation of the thorax from the body. The occurrence
of only five ventral segments in the Anisotomini is not remarkable as
the sixth is often retracted in various genera. The membranaceous
clypeus is also observed in Anogdus, Hydnobius and Triarthron,
while the antennal structure completely reproduces the former genus.
I give place to the genus in the above table on the faith of the
characters given by Dr. Sharp, and I have very little doubt that it will
prove to be an osculant form between Hydnobius and Anogdus.

At the time p. 224 was written I had entirely overlooked Dietta
until my attention was called to it by Dr. Sharp. It should therefore
be added in its proper place and the numbers changed accordingly.

1 am unable to place Scotocryptus, the characters given by the
author being entirely insufficient, but it seems allied to Aglyptus.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 279

TRIARTHRON Merkel.

Head quadrangular, front emarginate, clypeus membranous, labrum bilobed,
mandibles not prominent, dentate at middle of inner edge, eyes broadly oval,
transverse to the axis of the head; beneath without antennal grooves, maxillary
palpi with the second joint moderate in length, third short, fourth nearly as
long as second, cylindrical, somewhat acuminate at tip. Antenne nearly as long
as the head and thorax, eleven-jointed, first joint short, stout, second half as
long, 3—8 gradually shorter and slightly broader, last three joints forming an
oblong mass the first two joints of which are broader than long, the last longer,
oval and acute at tip. Thorax transverse, feebly emarginate in front, Pro-
sternum short in front of the cox, the cavities strongly angulate externally
and narrowly closed posteriorly. Middle coxe slightly separated, the meso-
sternum oblique, not carinate. Metasternum moderate in length, the side pieces
visible. Abdomen with six segments, the last small. Legs moderately robust,
femora canaliculate beneath, tibiw ciliate and feebly spinulose. Tarsi five-
jointed in both sexes, joints 1—4 gradually decreasing in length, fifth longer.
Tibial spurs stout, moderate in length.

T. Lecontei Horn.—Oblong-oval, ferruginous, moderately shining. Head
sparsely punctulate. Thorax twice as wide as long, apex feebly emarginate,
base arcuate, sides gradually arcuately narrowing from base to apex, hind
angles very obtuse, surface sparsely punctulate. Elytra a little wider than the
thorax, humeri obtuse, sides near base nearly straight, gradually narrowed at
apical third, dise with eight entire strie of moderately closely placed punctures,
the intervals flat, finely sparsely punctulate, the alternate intervals with dis-
tant coarser punctures. Body beneath punctate, sparsely pubescent. Length
-12—.14 inch; 3—3.5 mm. (Pl. VI, fig. 15).

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi with the first four joints moderately dilated.
Posterior femora deeply canaliculate at apex, the outer edge serrulate its entire
length, the inner edge suddenly emarginate near the base and beyond the
emargination with three equal but not large teeth. (PI. VI, fig. 15 a).

Female.—Tarsi slender. Posterior femora more slender than the male, simple
without serrations.

Three specimens seen, two from Oregon and one from the high
Sierras east of Visalia, California.

HYDNOBIUS Schmidt.

Head short, eyes round, not prominent, clypeus small feebly emarginate at
middle or even slightly membranous. Labrum small usually deeply bilobed,
rarely broadly emarginate. Mandibles moderately prominent, toothed at the
middle of the inner edge. Maxillary palpi moderate in length, first joint very
short, second rather long, obconical, third half the length of the second, fourth
nearly as long as the preceding two. Antenne rarely passing the middle of
the thorax, eleven-jointed, first joint obconical, stout, second much shorter but
as stout, 3—6 gradually decreasing in length but becoming broader, joints 7—11
forming an abrupt elongate club nearly as long as the rest of the antenna, the
eighth joint smaller than the seventh or ninth; antenne not received in grooves
on the under side of the head. Prosternum short in front of the coxe, the
coxe are conical-transverse, with trochantin, contiguous, the cavities angulate
externally and narrowly closed behind. Mesosternum oblique, moderately
separating the coxe, not carinate. Metasternum moderate in length its side

280 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

pieces not concealed. Posterior coxe contiguous. Abdomen with six segments.
Legs moderate, femora stout, tibiz spinulose externally and with moderate
spurs, stouter in the male. Tarsi five-jointed on all the feet in both sexes,
joints 1—4 gradually decreasing in length, fifth longer.

The only exception to any of the above characters is found in
Matthewsti, in which the third joint of the antenna is longer than
usual and is a little longer than the next two together.

Our species although not numerous seem to equal the entire number
known from other countries, and are readily known by their male
characters. They may be arranged as follows:

Labrum broadly emarginate. Posterior femora not differing in the sexes, the
male not toothed.

Third joint of antenne as long as the next two; intervals of elytra moder-

ately densely punctate or wrinkled........00... »...+.. Matthewsii Cr.

Third joint not as long as the next two; intervals of elytra with a single

row of fine punctures and finely obliquely strigose...strigilatus n. sp.

Labrum deeply bilobed. Posterior femora dissimilar in the sexes, always
broader and stouter in the male and usually toothed.

Posterior femur 4% distinetly toothed.
Tooth of femur longer than wide, obliquely truncate; punctuation of

GlybralConfUsedwesceccessssssesosssoanataress(ieasscse citer erarsessesaaes longulus Lec.
Tooth of femur as broad as long, obliquely truncate ; punctuation of elytra
deep and substriate.........sscsce ecsescesseoes sapceonoscoDte substriatus Lec.
Tooth of femur triangular, acute at tip; punctuation of elytra striate
[PMA OeLN Ca perssocnaccnssosaee Becelsevcunssesrateccees Sacoosnesosse . latidens Lec.
Posterior femur broad, oval, without tooth.
Punctuation of elytra substriate and COarse.......sscceseecereee obtusus Lec.

H. Matthewsii Crotch.—Oblong, castaneous or piceo-rufous, shining.
Labrum broadly emarginate. Head sparsely punctate, vertex with slight
impression. Thorax broader than long, somewhat variable in shape, either
slightly narrowed in front or not, apex and base truncate, sides moderately
arcuate, hind angles distinct but obtuse, surface finely punctulate, the punctures
coarser and sparser along the base. Elytra scarcely wider than the thorax,
oblong-oval, with eight entire strie of fine and closely placed punctures,
sutural stria deeper, intervais flat finely punctulate transversely wrinkled,
the alternate intervals with coarser distant punctures. Body beneath sparsely
punctate, slightly pubescent. Legs paler. Length .14—.24 inch; 3.5—6 mm.
(Pl. VI, fig. 16).

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi very slightly dilated, the anterior tibie
broader and serrulate, the femora stouter than in the female, and the posterior
more deeply canaliculate.

Female.—Tarsi slender. Anterior tibiz spinulose less dilated than the male.
Tibial spurs, especially those of the anterior tibiz much smaller.

In several females before me the mandibles have a distinct
tooth on the anterior edge beneath, less developed in the right
mandible. ‘This is however very variable and in one specimen

barely distinct.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 281

It is curious that in this our largest species the sexual characters
of the male should be so feeble, all the other species having well
marked teeth or dilatations of the posterior femora, The elytral
sculpture is also less marked in the male, the punctures of the strix
being always coarser in the female.

Twelve specimens examined from Vancouver and Washington
Territory.

Agathidium pallidum Say, may be this species.

H. strigilatus n. sp.—Oblong, pale castaneous, shining. Head very
sparsely punctulate, labrum scarcely emarginate. Thorax nearly twice as wide
as long, narrowed in front, widest in front of base, apex feebly emarginate,
base arcuate, sides arcuate, hind angles distinct but obtuse, surface finely and
sparsely punctulate and very minutely strigose, basal marginal line fine, nearly
obliterated at middle. Elytra not wider than the thorax, sides moderately
arcuate and gradually narrowed from the base, surface with strie of extremely
fine punctures, the intervals flat and finely obliquely strigose, the alternata
intervals very distantly finely punctulate. Body beneath very sparsely punctu-
late. Length .08—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly dilated, anterior femur with a slender
spine at the middle beneath. Posterior femur simple. (PI. VI, fig. 18).

Female.—Tarsi slender. Femora all simple.

By its feebly emarginate labrum, strigose elytra and simple hind
femora in both sexes, this species is evidently allied to Matthewsit,
although widely differing in size and other sexual characters.

Three specimens, two $, one 9, Nevada and Vancouver.

H. longulus Lec.—Form oblong, castaneous, shining. Head sparsely
punctate, labrum bilobed. Thorax twice as wide as long, widest at middle,
base and apex equal, sides moderately arcuate, apex feebly emarginate, base
broadly arcuate, hind angles rounded, disc rather coarsely but not densely
punctured, a finely impressed basal line. Elytra a little wider than the thorax,
oblong-oval, sutural stria moderately impressed behind the middle and con-
tinued to base by punctures, surface coarsely punctate, the punctures moder-
ately dense and with a faint tendency to a strial arrangement. Body beneath
sparsely punctate. Length .14 inch; 3.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi moderately dilated, the posterior femur
with a long tooth on the outer side near the knee obliquely truncate at tip.
(Pl. VI, fig. 20).

Female.—Tarsi slender, posterior femur more slender than the male and
without tooth.

This species has a more coarsely punctured thorax than any other
in our fauna, and the sculpture of elytra in addition will serve to
distinguish it. The male will be easily separated. With this I unite
longidens Lec., as I am unable to find any difference.

Occurs in Colorado, California, British Columbia and Oregon, four

specimens examined.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (36) SEPTEMBER, 1880.

282 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

H. substriatus Lec.—Oval, slightly oblong, piceous or castaneous, shin-
ing. Head sparsely punctate, labrum bilobed. Thorax less than twice as wide
as long, narrowed in front, widest in front of base, sides arcuate, hind angles
rounded, surface sparsely punctate. Elytra oval, slightly oblong, sides arcuate
and gradually narrowed from the base, surface with strize of moderately coarse
closely placed punctures, the sutural stria deeper posteriorly, intervals flat with
punctures nearly as coarse as those of the striz but less regular. Body beneath
sparsely punctate. Length .08—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly dilated, posterior femora stout, with
a broad tooth near the distal end which is emarginate on the distal edge and
obliquely truncate at tip, posterior tibia straight. (PI. VI, fig. 19).

Female.—Tarsi slender, posterior femora slender without tooth.

Superficially this species resembles ol¢usus and males alone can be
distinguished with certainty. With it I have united curvidens which
does not differ from undoubted males of this species.

Occurs from Nova Scotia to Colorado, through New York, Michi-

gan, and Canada. Nine specimens examined.

Wi. latidens Lec.—Oblong-oval, brownish or castaneous, shining. Head
very sparsely punctate. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed in
front, widest in front of base, sides arcuate, apex feebly emarginate, base trun-
cate, hind angles distinct but obtuse, surface shining, very sparsely punctate.
Elytra oval slightly oblong, sides moderately arcuate, gradually narrowing to
base, surface with rows of moderately regular punctures, those of the striz
proper and the intervals equal and often with fine oblique lines connecting
the punctures, sutural stria rather deeply impressed and continued by rather
deeper punctures to the base. Body beneath very sparsely punctate. Length
-06—.08 inch; 1.5—2 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi very little dilated, posterior tibiew slightly
arcuate near its base, the femur stout with a broad triangular tooth, acute at
its summit situated near the distal end. (PI. VI, fig. 21).

Female.—Tarsi simple. Hind femur slender without tooth.

This species differs in its surface sculpture being far less marked
and Jess dense. The sexual characters are quite distinct and seem
naturally intermediate between those of swbstriatus and obtusus.

Occurs from Anticosti, Canada to Col. and Cal. Four specimens.

H. obtusus Lec.—Oblong-oval, castaneous brown, moderately shining.
Head sparsely punctate, labrum bilobed. Thorax twice as wide as long, widest
at middle, apex a little narrower than base, the former feebly emarginate, the
latter arcuate, hind angles rounded, surface not densely punctate, a fine sub-
basal line. Elytra very little wider than the thorax, oblong-oval, sutural stria
moderately impressed behind the middle continued by punctures to base, sur-
face with eight strie of rather coarse punctures, the intervals 2—4—6 with fine
punctures closely placed, 3—5—7 with coarse punctures distantly placed. Body
beneath sparsely punctate. Length .08—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi moderately dilated, posterior femur broad
and stout, posterior tibise arcuate. (Pl. VI, fig. 17).

Female.—Tarsi slender, posterior femur much less dilated, the tibia straight.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA, 283

This species bears considerable resemblance to substriatus and the
male characters are the only reliable means of separation.
Occurs in Colorado and British Columbia, four specimens.

ANOGDUS Lec.

Head short, not prolonged in front of the eyes, elypeus short, broadly emar-
ginate, labrum short, feebly emarginate. Mandibles feebly prominent, dentate
on the inner margin. Maxillary palpi short, last joint cylindrical slightly acute
at tip. Eyes round moderately prominent. Antenne ten-jointed arising under
a slight frontal margin, first joint short, stout, second a little more slender and
nearly as long, third less stout and shorter than second, 4—6 short gradually
broader, 7—10 forming a very abrupt oblong club a little longer than the
preceding joints, 7—8—9 short, transverse, more than twice as wide as long,
ten narrower, short, truncate at tip; head beneath without antennal grooves.
Prosternum in front of coxe short, the cavities transverse and closed behind.
Mesosternum separating the anterior cox, vertical between them and finely
carinate. Metasternum rather short, the side pieces narrowly visible, pos-
terior coxe contiguous. Abdomen with six segments. Legs short, stout, tibie
spinulose externally. Tarsi slender with joints 5—5—4. Body short, stout,
not contractile.

This genus is closely allied to Anisotoma and bears to it the same
relation on one side that Cyrtusa does on the other. After a careful
manipulation of the unique before me [ am unable to find more than
ten joints to the antenne, the eighth joint which is so feebly visible

in Cyrtusa appears to be entirely wanting here.

A. capitatus Lec.—Rather broadly oval, brownish, ferruginous, moder-
ately shining. Head rather coarsely punctate. Thorax short transverse, nearly
three times as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, apex emarginate, sides
and base arcuate, hind angles broadly rounded, surface rather coarsely punc-
tate, sparsely on the disc, more densely at the sides. Elytra a little wider than
the thorax and very little longer than wide, oval, convex, surface with eight
rather deeply impressed striz, the strizee crenately punctured, intervals convex
and punctulate. Body beneath and femora sparsely punctate. Length .10 inch ;
225)mmi.) (Pl. Vil; fig: 22).

The unique specimen, from Florida, before me appears to be a
female, its anterior tarsi are however wanting but the femora present
no sexual characters. The minute tooth observed on the hind thighs

(Proce. Acad. 1866, p. 369), proves to be a deception.

ANISOTOMA Iilic.

Head short, not prolonged in front of the eyes, without antennal grooves
beneath, clypeus truncate. Labrum small, emarginate or sub-bilobed. Mandi-
bles short robust, simple at tip, dentate at middle (except in ecarinata). Eyes
round feebly prominent. Antenne short or moderate in length, eleven-jointed,
first joint robust, second nearly as stout but shorter, third more slender and
longer (except in alternata), 4—6 short gradually broader, 7—11 forming an
abrupt oblong club usually as long as the preceding portion of the antenne,

284 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

the eighth joint very short and narrower than the seventh or ninth. Last joint
of maxillary palpi longer than the third, cylindrical slightly acuminate at tip.
Prosternum short in front of the coxe, the cavities angulate externally and
closed behind. Mesosternum moderately separating the middle cox and
oblique (vertical in obsoleta), and variably carinate (not carinate in ecarinata).
Metasternum moderate in length, the posterior coxe contiguous. Abdomen
with six segments. Legs moderate, rarely long, short and rather stout in
obsoleta. Tibize spinulose externally. Tarsi of moderate length, joints 5—5-—4
in both sexes. Body oval or oblong.

As above described Anisotoma is not strictly homogeneous there
being two species a little at variance with the others and one of them
especially so. A. obsoleta has the short robust form of Cyrtusa and a
vertical mesosternum between the coxe although not carinate in the
latter genus, here however the divergence from the typical structure
ends. On the other hand A. ecarinata has the normal oblique meso-
sternum but there is no trace of carina, further the mandibles are
not toothed at the middle of the inner margin. There is however a
variability in the degree of carination of the mesosternum among the
other species, sometimes the carina is merely a raised line. I have
thought it better to admit these exceptional forms in the genus, rather
than separate them under names which would probably have but an
ephemeral existence.

In number our species are much less than half those of Europe,
which fact suggests the possibility that a more careful search would
at least double our present number.

The accompanying table will aid in distinguishing those at present
known to us. In it I have endeavored to avoid as far as possible the
use of sexual characters and have without their aid separated six
species, but the other seven have entirely refused to be separated
by any other means, and the resemblance is so great in several
cases that direct comparison without reference to the male might
prove deceptive.

While all parts of our country have furnished specimens, the
species appear to have a wide distribution, at least this is shown
where a number of specimens have been examined. In several in-
stances one or two specimens only have been accessible and from
such a number no deductions can be made. We can however be
certain that at least four cross the continent and several others have
passed half that extent.

In the table the arrangement seems to show a gradual transition
of the species from a resemblance to Hydnobius to a more certain
relationship to Cyrtusa.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 285

Mesosternum carinate.....eorseeee Sorrswdnvasaeyeetaae Snsecwandallestasct dvdeeneatee COOLECEEE rroesl ts
Mesosternum not carinate...... Gasicessccevaindenssarei¢sssees wivete dues deaoaence aledadesdheberescied LO
1.—Mesosternum oblique between the coxe........ Swichestt edeluetseewen Sesktetes oledbuas on Oe
Mesosternum vertical between the coxe........ Biesuaenen aise ennacesiavad es gen vupea ean 2s
2.—Third joint of antenne not longer than the second........alternata Mels.
Third joint distinctly longer...... Rantisatmenacicosseseceleees ts mechPesewadel paces anslevevess co De
3.—Punctures of elytra in distinct Strie...........csecee aiseenase PO ROCCE DOC EECCLEEC adeaee 4.
Punctures of elytra confused, no strial arrangement........ Seelscuese sew caseass gallOD
4.—Punctures of the intervals fine............ Sch oecec Bety Couao Woo DO aseccathe Sdccsasaaais Os
Punctures of all the intervals and striz equal.......... Regesed =CO ORO soeueeessssiies
5.—Punetures of strie moderate or coarse...... Rosie Aassasucleesesess Acorne sestietea's Sceragd 6.
Punctures of strie fine, intervals obliquely strigose......... eeenseeane Sanam secs ecb

6.—Posterior femora of male with the outer condyle dilated in an obtuse
unciform process, posterior tibia rather short, not arcuate.

humeralis pn. sp.
Posterior femora of male broader at middle and angulate or toothed, the

posterior tibia slender and arcuate...........ccsee cesses pecieseueent valida n. sp.
Posterior femora of male not dilated, obsoletely serrulate or crenulate,
posterior tibia slender and arcuate............00 DB asevsloivestes assimilis Lec.

Posterior femora of male not dilated, simple, neither dentate nor serru-
HEIs Gandiosdonoccoocee sisoscusses secescnvelsacarcessiosvessctscnesesssas sosccese eficescaes aeeeecstecae ao) Ue
7.—Posterior tibize of male scarcely longer or more arcuate than in the
female....... Secassibesaacacoedoe rogcnsan00 sesseeseseereeseeeee PUMCHEAtOStriata Kby.
Posterior tibize of male long, dender UNOEATCUMUGr oct scansioveccaserisverspesdiee=te an Oe
8.—Elytral striz regular. Posterior tibiz of male arcuate near the tip.

Form oblong, punctures of the alternate intervals closely approxi-

ArtLiCOcsvessecicescesiserses a0 0000001 cd coocachce gancocone codaancon nscoe .--- Gifficilis n. sp.
Form oval, punctures of alternate teeeer ais distant........ collaris Lee.
Elytral strie irregular, the second and third arcuate, posterior tibie of
male arcuate from the knee to tip........ssee seers tee CUPrVAta Mann.

9.—Outer condyle of posterior femur of male forming an acute hook.

conferta Lec.

10.—Oval, slightly oblong, posterior tibiz of male slightly arcuate.
paludicola Crotch.
11.—Punctures of the intervals nearly equalling the striew but more distant, the
strigee more evident near the base....... aco coanot serereet cereeeee SEPIQata Lec.
12.—Posterior femur of male gradually broader, the outer condyle triangularly
prolonged. Elytra without subhumeral stria...............0bsoleta Mels.
13.—Mandibles not toothed. Form oblong...........0...-++..@€Carinata n. sp.

A. alternata Mels.—Oval, robust, moderately convex, rufo-testaceous or
pale castaneous, moderately shining, legs elongate. Head sparsely punctate.
Antenne rather short, the club a little longer than the rest of the antenna,
third joint not longer or even a little shorter than the second. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, a little narrowed in front, apex feebly emarginate,
base arcuate, hind angles distinct but obtuse, surface sparsely punctate. Elytra
a little wider than the thorax, oval, sides moderately arcuate, surface 8-striate,
strie crenately punctured, intervals slightly convex obsoletely punctulate,
the alternate with coarse, distant punctures. Metasternum alutaceous and
sparsely punctate, abdomen sparsely punctate. Length .14—.16 inch; 3.5—
4mm. (Pl. VII, fig. 1).

286 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

Male.—Anterior tarsi slightly dilated. Posterior legs moderately elongate,
the femora not very stout, subangulate or toothed at middle, the tibia slender,
arcuate at apical third and somewhat thickened at tip.

Two specimens are before me both males which show some
differences, which may with more specimens prove to have specific
value.

The first in the cabinet of Dr. Leconte and the type has the
eighth stria of punctures entire and without a short subhumeral row
of punctures. The posterior femur is merely subangulate at middle.
In the second in my cabinet the eighth stria is abbreviated at base
and there is a short subhumeral stria. The posterior femora are
acutely toothed at middle and the hind tibiz a little less thickened
at tip. The two agree in having the third joint of the antenna short
and nearly as thick as the second, while in all the other species the
third joint is usually slender and distinctly longer than the second,
often much so.

Two specimens, Georgia.

A. humeralis n. sp.—Oblong-oval, moderately eonvex, piceous, shining,
basal margin near the humeri testaceous. Head sparsely punctate, vertex
with several much coarser punctures in a transverse series. Antenne nearly
as long as head and thorax, club darker. Thorax twice as wide as long, nar-
rowed in front, sides feebly arcuate, apex slightly emarginate, base arcuate,
hind angles rectangular but not prominent, surface sparsely punctate, less
distinetly at the sides. Elytra oblong oval, very little wider than the elytra,
humeri distinct, surface with eight rows of moderately deep and rather closely
placed punctures, the eighth row abbreviated at base and with a subhumera}
series of punctures, intervals irregularly bisinuately punctured, the alternate
intervals with coarse distant punctures. Metasternum alutaceous with very
few punctures, abdomen sparsely obsoletely punctate and alutaceous. Legs
piceo-testaceous. Length .16 inch; 4mm.

Male.—Anterior tarsi moderately, middle tarsi less dilated. Middle and
posterior femora stout, the latter with the outer condyle obtusely triangularly
prolonged. Tibiz stout the posterior slightly areuate. (Pl. VII, fig. 4).

Female.—Tarsi slender. Middle and posterior femora not as broad as the
male and without prolonged condyle on the posterior. Tibiz straight less
stout.

I have seen but two specimens, the male in my cabinet, the
female with Mr. Ulke. The latter specimen is purely piceous in
color with the basal pale space as plainly visible as in my lighter
colored specimen. This character seems a good one for readily dis-
tinguishing this from any other in our fauna. By the male sexual
characters it is related to conferta and obsoleta but with this the
resemblance ceases.

Two specimens, northern California and Oregon.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 287

A. valida n.sp.—Oblong-oval, moderately robust, piceous varying to paler,
moderately shining. Head sparsely punctate, vertex with an arcuate row of
coarser punctures. Thorax twice as wide as long, a little narrower in front,
widest in front of base, apex emarginate, sides and base arcuate, hind angles
distinct but obtuse, surface sparsely punctate with a row of coarser punctures
along the base. Elytra oblong oval, a little wider than the thorax, sides moder-
ately arcuate, surface moderately deeply 8-striate, the outer stria abbreviated
but rarely with subhumeral stria, strie rather coarsely crenately punctured,
the intervals slightly convex, very finely punctulate, the alternate intervals
with coarse punctures distantly placed. Metasternum very finely alutaceous,
obsoletely punctate at the sides, abdomen sparsely punctate. Length .14—.24
inch; 3.5—6 mm, (PI. VII, fig. 2).

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi very slightly dilated. Posterior femur
moderately stout, broadest at middle where it is subangulate or slightly den-
tate, the lower edge on the outer side slightly crenulate between the middle
and the base, the inner condyle slightly prolonged. Posterior tibie rather
slender, gradually stouter to apex, and strongly arcuate in its entire length.
(Pl. VII, fig. 2 a).

Female.—Anterior and middle tarsi long and slender. Posterior femur not
stout, the tibia straight and a little shorter than the male.

This species has a resemblance to some of our forms of Phaleria,
and in the present genus is somewhat troublesome to distinguish
from assimilis and the male characters must be relied on. By com-
parison the two are readily separable.

The distribution of this species is transcontinental on our northero
line, extending from the White Mountains (Austin) to Canada, Colo-
rado and Vancouver.

A.assimilis Lec.—Oblong-oval, piceous or rufo-piceous, shining. Head
sparsely punctate with an arcuate row of coarser punctures. Thorax twice as
wide as long, narrowed in front, apex emarginate, sides arcuate, base truncate,
hind angles distinct but obtuse, surface sparsely punctate with coarser punc-
tures at the sides of base. Elytra very little wider than the thorax, oval, a
little longer than wide, sides moderately arcuate, surface with eight rows of
moderately coarse, closely placed punctures, a distinct subhumeral short row
of punctures, intervals slightly convex, obsoletely punctulate, the alternate
intervals with coarser distant punctures. Metasternum alutaceous, obsoletely
punctate. Abdomen alutaceous, sparsely punctulate. Length .14—.16 inch;
3.5—4 mm.

Male.—Anterior tarsi slightly dilated. Posterior femur not dilated at middle,
the lower anterior edge crenulate, the tibia slender, strongly arcuate and flat-
tened on the inner edge. (PI. VII, fig. 3).

Female.—Tarsi slender. Posterior femur similar to the male but not crenu-
late, the tibia shorter than the male, stouter and more spinulose.

Closely resembling valida this species may be separated by the male
characters. It will be observed that the short subhumeral stria is here
always present and rather distant from the margin, while in valida it
is only exceptionally present and not distant from the maigin.

288 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

Also transcontinental in its distribution, occurring in New Hamp-
shire, Michigan, Canada, Colorado and Vancouver.

A. punctatostriata Kby.—Oval, slightly oblong, convex, shining. Head
sparsely punctate with an arcuate row of coarser punctures. Thorax twice as
wide as long, gradually narrower from base to apex, the latter emarginate, the
base truncate, hind angles rectangular but not prominent, surface sparsely
finely punctate, a few coarser punctures along the base at the sides. Elytra
oval continuing regularly the curve of the sides of the thorax, surface with
eight rows of coarse and closely placed but not crenate punctures, the eighth
abbreviated at base with a moderately long subhumeral row of punctures,
intervals flat, shining, sparsely punctulate, the alternate with distant coarser
punctures. Metasternum finely alutaceous, sparsely punctulate, abdomen shin-
ing, very sparsely punctulate. Length .10 inch; 2.5 mm,

Male.—Anterior tarsi slightly dilated. Posterior femora simple beneath,
neither dentate nor crenate, posterior tibie straight not differing from the
female.

Female.—Anterior tarsi slender.

This species is peculiar in the almost entire obliteration of sexual
differences, the anterior tarsi & are even feebly dilated but quite dis-
tinctly broader than the female. Apart from the sexual charac-
ters of the male this species is not readily distinguishable from
assimilis by description. It is however more regularly oval in its
outline, the sides of thorax and elytra being in a continuous curve,
the body more convex and the surface less deeply sculptured and
more shining.

This species follows assimilis in its distribution. Synonymous
with it is /exta Mann., described from Alaska, that described as the
present species is certainly an erroneous determination and is probably
Hydnobius substriatus Lec.

A. difficilis n.sp.—Oblong, rufo-testaceous, shining. Head sparsely punc-
tulate with a few slightly coarser vertical punctures. Thorax twice as wide as
long, narrowed in front, sides feebly arcuate, apex slightly emarginate, base
subtruncate, hind angles obtuse but not rounded, surface sparsely punctulate,
with a few slightly coarser punctures near the basal angles. Elytra oblong-oval,
sides feebly arcuate, surface substriate, strie with moderate punctures closely
placed, eighth stria much abbreviated, continued by coarser more distant punc-
tures to base, a rather long subhumeral stria, intervals feebly convex very
finely punctulate, the alternate intervals with coarser punctures rather closely
placed. Body beneath finely alutaceous, obsoletely punctulate, the abdomen
more distinctly. Length .12—.14 inch; 3—3.5 mm.

Male.—Auterior and middle tarsi very decidedly dilated. Posterior femora
slightly thickened not serrulate nor dentate, the posterior tibie arcuate near
the apex.

Female.—Anterior and middle tarsi more slender and longer than the male.
Posterior femora less stout, the tibiz shorter, less slender and very slightly
arcuate. ‘

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA, 289

In its general aspect this species resembles assimilis but the elytra
are more decidedly striate and the form less robust. The punctures
of the alternate intervals are also more approximated so that the
distance between them is scarcely more than the width of the interval,
while the distance is double that in the other species. In its sexual
characters it approaches collaris but it is a more oblong species than
either that or curvata.

Two specimens, Owen’s Valley, California.

A. collaris Lec.—Regularly oval, slightly oblong, not very convex, piceous
to rufous, shining. Head sparsely punctate, vertex with an arcuate row of
coarser punctures. Antennal club always darker. Thorax twice as wide as
long, narrowed in front, wider at middle than at base, apex emarginate, sides
and base arcuate, hind angles obtuse, surface sparsely punctate, a few coarser
punctures at sides of base. Elytra oval not much wider than the thorax, sides
moderately arcuate, surface with eight strie of closely placed punctures, the
eighth somewhat interrupted at base and with a rather Jong subhumeral stria
which joins the margin, intervals slightly convex very sparsely punctulate,
the alternate intervals with coarse distant punctures. Metasternum and ab-
domen very finely alutaceous and sparsely obsoletely punctulate. Length
.08—.12 inch; 2—3 mm. 7

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly dilated. Posterior femora rather
slender, simple, the tibie long and slender, straight at base, arcuate at apical
third rather abruptly and somewhat thickened.

Female.—Tarsi slender, posterior tibiz shorter than in the male and straight.

This species may be compared to a diminuative valida which it
resembles in its form and nearly in sculpture. The sexual char-
acters of the one are a reproduction of the other except as to the
form of the femur. As in all the species forming the bulk of
the genus the sexual characters of the male afford the only true
means of separation.

Occurs in New Hampshire, Canada, Colorado, California and
British Columbia, and is a little variable in its elytral sculpture
in the various localities, in some the punctures of the strix are

subcrenate.

A. curvata Mann.—Regularly oval, very little oblong, piceous or rufo-
piceous, shining. Head nearly smooth, with four coarser vertical punctures.
Thorax twice as wide as long, broadest at base, apex slightly narrower,
sides and base feebly arcuate, hind angles rectangular but not prominent,
surface very obsoletely sparsely punctulate, nearly smooth, a few obsolete
larger punctures at sides of base. Elytra regularly oval, not wider than
the thorax, surface with eight strie of not very closely placed punctures,
the second and third sinuate, a short subhumeral stria, intervals flat, obso-
letely sparsely punctulate, the alternate with coarser distant punctures. Body
beneath very finely alutaceous, sparsely obsoletely punctulate. Length .12—
-14inch; 3—3.5 mm,

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (37) SEPTEMBER, 1880.

290 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly dilated. Posterior femora slender
and simple, the posterior tibize long, slender, and regularly arcuate from base
to apex and not thickened at tip.

Female.—Tarsi slender, tibie straight.

This species closely resembles collaris but the thorax is here
broadest at base. It is the only species in which I have observed
the irregularity of the striae above mentioned and this seems to have
suggested the name. The specimen described by Mannerheim was
evidently a female. With it I have united morula Lec.

Two specimens, California and Washington Territory.

A. conferta Lec.—Oblong-oval, piceous, elytra paler, moderately shining.
Head rather coarsely but sparsely punctate. Thorax alittle more than twice
as wide as long, narrowed in front, apex emarginate, base truncate, sides
feebly arcuate, hind angles distinct but very obtuse, surface sparsely punc-
tate, punctures a little coarser at the sides. Elytra a little wider than the
thorax, base at numeri slightly oblique, sides moderately arcuate, sutural
stria moderately deep posteriorly, surface with rows of rather coarse punc-
tures, those of the strie and intervals equal, color castaneous, suture and
margin darker. Metasternum and abdomen obsoletely punctate and alutaceous.
Length .10 inch; 2.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior tarsus of male dilated, middle tarsns even broader, posterior
femur with outer condyle unciform, the tibia slightly arcuate and a little
broadened at tip. (Pl. VII, fig. 4a).

From its general appearance this species could only be mistaken
for paludicola, but the regularity of the elytral punctuation and the
sexual characters of the male at once distinguish it.

One %, Illinois, cabinet of Dr. Leconte.

A. paludicola Crotch.—Oblong-oval, piceous to castaneous, moderately
shining. Head sparsely punctate. Thorax a little more than twice as wide
as long, narrowed in front, apex emarginate, sides and base arcuate, hind
angles distinct but obtuse, surface sparsely punctate. Elytra as wide at base
as the thorax, slightly wider at the middle, sides moderately arcuate, base
slightly oblique on each side, humeri rounded, surface rather coarsely and
irregularly punctate with traces of a striate arrangement at the sides, sutural
stria moderately deeply impressed, feeble at base. Metasternum punctate and
alutaceous, abdomen alutaceous. Length .10 inch; 2.5 mm.

Male —Anterior and middle tarsi feebly dilated, posterior tibie slightly
arcuate.

Female.—Tarsi simple, tibie straight.

This species resembles certain of our small Hyduobius more than
it does the typical Anisotoma. Among the species of the latter it
most closely approaches conferta but here the punctures are in
distinct strize.

Collected at El Cajon near San Diego, California, by Mr. Crotch.
It also occurs further north in California.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 291

A. strigata Lec.—Oval, very little oblong, pale castaneous, shining. Head
sparsely punctate. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, much narrowed
in front, apex emarginate, sides feebly arcuate, base truncate, hind angles
obtusely rectangular, surface shining very sparsely finely punctate. Elytra
as wide at base as the thorax, not wider posteriorly, sides moderately arcuate,
humeri not oblique, sutural stria moderately deeply impressed behind the
middle, surface with moderately coarse punctures in regular rows, those of
the stri# proper and intervals nearly equal and with oblique grooves uniting
the punctures, more evident on the disc near the base. Metasternum and
abdomen finely alutaceous. Length .08 inch; 2 mm,

Male.—Anterior tarsi slightly, middle tarsi feebly dilated, posterior tibize
straight.

Female.—Tarsi slender.

This is the only species known to us with oblique strigee on
the elytra, in fact it is rather a coarse oblique grooving than
a true strigosity such as is seen in Colenis impunctata. This
character will readily distinguish it from any other known at
present.

Occurs in the Lake Superior region and in Colorado.

A. obsoleta Mels.—Broadly oval, rufo-testaceous or pale castaneous, moder-
ately shining, convex. Head sparsely punctate. Thorax more than twice as
wide as long, narrowed in front, apex emarginate, sides and base arcuate, hind
angles rounded, surface sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra as wide at base
_ as the thorax a little wider posteriorly, form broadly oval, nearly as wide as

long, base at sides not oblique, surface substriate, strie with coarse, deep and
closely placed punctures forming eight entire rows without the short sub-
humeral row, intervals flat or slightly convex, sparsely finely punctulate,
the alternate intervals with coarser punctures most evident on the third.
Metasternuin shining, sparsely punctate. Each abdominal segment with a
row of coarse deeply impressed punctures along the basal margin. Length
.06—.10 inch; 1.5—2.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi feebly dilated, middle tibia slightly arcuate,
outer condyle of posterior femur prolonged in a triangular tooth, the femur
itself gradually broader from the base to apex, posterior tibia straight but
stout. (Pl. VII, fig. 4b).

Female.—Tarsi slender, middle tibia straight, posterior femur somewhat
broader externally but without dilated condyle.

This species is one of a small group in which the eight rows of
punctures are entire and attain the base of the elytra without diminu-
tion, and there is no trace of a short subhumeral row of punctures
which is the beginning of a ninth stria and exists in the vast majority
of the species.

The mimicry between this insect and Cyrtusa blandissima is com-
plete, and is even carried to the sculpture of the body beneath as
well as the male sexual characters. The antennal groove in the

Cyrtusa and the mesosternal carina in the present will always dis-

292 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

tinguish them. In the sculpture of the upper surface they are almost
precisely identical.

Occurs from the Atlantic to Colorado and in the south to Texas.

A. ecarinata n. sp.—Oblong, moderately elongate, rufo-testaceous, shin-
ing. Head sparsely finely punctate. Antennal club piceous. Mandibles not
dentate at middle. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly nar-
rowed in front, apex feebly emarginate, base slightly arcuate, sides moder-
ately arcuate, hind angles rounded, surface sparsely punctate. Elytra a little
wider than the thorax, oblong-oval, sides feebly arcuate, surface with eight
entire rows of punctures, the external slightly less distinct at base but with-
out subhumeral stria, intervals punctulate, the alternate with very distant
slightly coarser punctures. Metasternum coarsely punctured at the sides,

abdomen less coarsely and indistinctly punctured. Length .08—.10 inch;
2—2.5 mm.

In the two specimens before me the anterior tarsi are wanting,
the male has the middle tibiz slightly arcuate, the posterior femora
stouter than in the female and the hind tibiz are straight. In the
female the middle tibia is straight.

The legs are rather stout and ‘the tibiee not by any means slender,
resembling those of obsoleta. The middle tibiz have three quite
strong spines on the outer edge.

The absence of mesosternal carina in this species is certainly a
very remarkable character and is otherwise unknown to me in the
genus. The general appearance of the antennal club is much like
that of Cyrtusa except that the small eighth joint is here distinctly
visible. The absence of mandibular tooth is also a departure from
the Anisotoma type. From these departures from the typical struc-
ture of the genus the present species might be separated generi-
cally, but it seems to me that it is merely an aberrant form of
the present genus, indicating decided affinities in the direction of
‘Cyrtusa rather opposite to those shown by obsoleta. Were it not
that the antennal grooves are wanting I would have considered it
an aberrant Cyrtusa.

Two specimens, western Nevada, Morrison.

The following species has not been identified :

“A. lateritia Mann., Bull. Mose. 1852, ii, p. 345.—Breviter ovata,.
convexa, rufo-ferruginea, oculis clavaque antennarum nigro-fuscis ;
thorace transverso, crebre punctato, angulis posticis subrectis; elytris
profunde striato punctatis, interstitiis confuse seriato-punctatis. Longit.
14 lin.; latit. 1 lin.

“Tn volatu in insula Sitkha a D. Holmberg semel capta.”

It appears to be a species resembling conferta Lec.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 293

COLENIS Erichs.

Head short, broad, slightly prolonged in front of the eyes, clypeus entirely
corneous, truncate. Labrum emarginate, with a basal membranous portion.
Mandibles feebly prominent, simple. Last joint of maxillary palpi cylindrical,
slightly acuminate. Eyes round moderately prominent. Antenne arising from
under a slight frontal margin, eleven-jointed, first joint stout, oval, second as
long but more slender, third equal to the second but more slender, 4—6 short,
small, seventh a little larger, eighth small, 9—11 forming a loose oblong mass;
head beneath without antennal grooves. Prosternum very short in front of
the coxe, the cavities angulate externally and closed behind. Mesosternum
moderately separating the coxe, carinate. Metasternum rather short, the side
pieces narrowly visible, posterior coxe contiguous. Abdomen with six seg-
ments. Legs rather short, tibia spinulose externally. Tarsi 5—4—4 in both
sexes. Form broadly oval, not contractile.

This genus is more closely allied to Anisotoma than to any other.
Erichson and the European authorities following him have described
the antenne as having a three-jointed club, and while the same idea
is followed in the above diagnosis it seems to me that the club should
be called five-jointed, as it certainly does not differ greatly from that
seen in many Liodes.

One species occurs in our fauna.

Cc. impunctata Lec.—Broadly oval, convex, pale brown or testaceous,
shining. Head very minutely strigose. Thorax more than twice as wide as
long, much narrowed in front, apex feebly emarginate, base and sides arcuate,
hind angles rectangular but not acutely so, surface smooth without sculpture.
Elytra broadly oval, nearly as wide as long, sides continuing the curve of the
sides of the thorax, sutural stria impressed behind the middle, surface finely
transversely strigose. Body beneath nearly smooth. Length .06—.08 inch;
1.5—2 mm. (Pl. VI, fig. 23). ,

The male is known by the anterior tarsi being slightly dilated, the
middle tarsi less so, the posterior femora a little stouter.

Occurs from the Middle States to Florida, Illinois and Tennessee.

CYRTUSA Erichs.

Head short, scarcely prolonged in front of the eyes, clypeus short, slightly
emarginate at middle. Labrum deeply emarginate, subbilobed. Mandibles
moderately prominent, dentate at middle of inner edge. Eyes round, feebly
prominent. Antenne arising from under a slight frontal ridge, rather short,
eleven-jointed, the eighth however rarely visible, joints 7—11 forming a rather
abrupt, oblong, flattened club, apparently of four joints from the smallness of
the eighth, basal joint of antenna short, stout, second as long or even longer
but more slender, third equal to second, 4—6 very short, together not longer
than the third; head beneath with distinct grooves for the lodgment of the
funiculus of the antennew formed by the elevation of the side of the buccal
cavity on the inner side, and a distinct ridge extending along the margin of
the eye on the outer side. Maxillary palpi short, terminal joint cylindrical.
Prosternum in front of coxe very short, the coxal cavities transverse, closed
behind. Mesosternum moderately separating the coxe, vertical between them

294 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

but not carinate. Metasternum moderate in length, the side pieces narrowly
visible, posterior coxe contiguous. Abdomen with six segments. Legs short,
moderately stout, tibie spinulose externally but not strongly. Tarsi variable in
form, joints 5—5—4 in both sexes. Body short, oval, convex, not eontraetile.

This genus seems very naturally the intermediate between those
genera with the tarsi similar in the sexes and those in which
they differ, with strong relationship with Anisotoma especially those
species allied to obsoleta, it seems also equally close to Liodes and
Amphiceyllis.

Our species are distinguished in the following manner :

Elytra punctured over the entire surface, the strie of punctures often entirely

Obliteratediceeredeseescectesoteesctcrecstecters renee anesaneceeeaneenas picipennis Lec.
Elytra with striz of punetures, the intervals smooth and shining.

MES ISLEING CT cs recenerersascreces slorecssees cocvercesoocvensesledorerecs blandissima Zimm.

Tarsi very short and much COMMPTOESC CO veeeerseesetet tech aeeareis=re Rieeerce egena Lec.

These all belong to the fauna of the Atlantic region.

C. picipennis Lec.—Oval, slightly oblong, eastaneous to pale brown,
shining. Head punctate. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, narrowed
in front, apex emarginate, base arcuate, hind angles distinct but obtuse, sides
moderately arcuate, surface sparsely finely punctate. Elytra broadly oval,
continuing the curve of the thorax, surface irregularly punctate, sometimes
with larger punctures forming faint rows near the sides and suture, sutural
stria finely impressed behind the middle. Body beneath punctate, abdomen
much more finely. Length .06—.08 inch; 1.5—2 mm.

Male.—Tarsi not dilated. Posterior femur gradually broader from the coxa
to the knee, the outer condyle forming an acute dentiform process.

Female.—Posterior femur not dilated and without tooth.

In this species the tarsi are slender, the posterior slightly com-
pressed, the tibize are normal, the posterior however less spinulose
than the middle.

Occurs from Pennsylvania and New York westward through Michi-
gan to Nevada and Vancouver.

C. blandissima Zimm.—Resembles the preceding in form and eolor.
Head and thorax very sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra with eight entire
strie of moderate punctures, not very densely placed, the intervals flat, very
rarely with some fine punctures. Body beneath very coarsely punctate, each
abdominal segment with a row of coarse, deep, closely placed punctures along
its basal margin. Length .06—.08 inch; 15—2 mm, (PI. VII, fig. 8).

Male.—As in picipennis. The inner spur of the middle tibie is long and
strongly arcuate at its base. (Pl. VII, fig. 8a).

Female.—<As in picipennis. |

The structure of the legs and tarsi is as in picipennis.

Oceurs in North Carolina and District of Columbia, where the
specimens taken by Mr. Ulke are much larger and finer than the
type described by Zimmermann. '

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 295

€. egena Lee.—Resembles d/andissima in form and color but is usually
smaller and more convex. Head and thorax finely punctulate, less distinctly
on the thorax. Elytra with eight rows of very fine punctures moderately
closely placed but somewhat irregular in their arrangement, intervals flat,
smooth, rarely with a few fine punctures. Metasternum minutely punctu-
late, abdomen more coarsely but vaguely punctate. Length .04—.06 inch;
1—1.5 mm.

Male.—Tarsi not visibly dilated. Posterior femur broad at tip, the outer
eondyle prolonged in a hook-like process. Spurs of middle tibie short.
(Pl. VII, fig. 8 b).

Female.—Femur stout without hook-like process.

This species is remarkable in the shortness of its legs, and especially
the broader and shorter middle and hind tibize which resemble some-
what those of Saprinus. The tarsi are also unusually short and com-
pressed recalling those of Cremastochilus Schaumii. It is evidently
our representative of the European /atipes. With this I unite impubis
Zimm., which seems merely a smaller specimen.

Occurs from Michigan to Georgia.

ISOPLASTUS 1. g.

Head short, broad, not prolonged in front of the eyes, clypeus narrowly
emarginate at middle. Labrum short, emarginate. Mandibles moderately
prominent not dentate within. Eyes round not prominent. Antenne arising
under a distinct frontal ridge, received in distinct grooves on the under side
of the head, ten-jointed, first joint short, cylindrical, second equally stout and
longer, third more slender, shorter than the second, 4—7 short, together very
little longer than the second, 8—10 forming an abrupt, oval, compressed and
rather compact club, the first joint of which is longer, the last smaller and
rounded at tip. Maxillary palpi short, last joint cylindrical, Thorax in front
emarginate. Prosternum in front of coxse very short, the cavities angulate
externally and closed behind. Mesosternum narrowly separating the coxe,
vertical between them and not carinate. Metasternum short, hind coxe con-
tiguous. Abdomen with six segments. Legs short, fossorial, femora stout,
broader at tip, tibie broad, the middle strongly and irregularly spinous, the
posterior broad and flat, less spinous. Tarsi short, compressed, 5—5—4 in the
male, 5—4—4 female. Body almost hemispherical, slightly contractile.

Among the genera with antennal groove and tarsi dissimilar in
the sexes this genus is peculiar in its ten-jointed antenne with
triarticulate club. Superficially it resembles Cyrtusa Llandissima to
such a degree that I find it associated with that species: in almost
every cabinet.

I. fossor n.sp.—Rather broadly oval, very convex, rufo-testaceous, shining.
Head sparsely finely punctulate. Thorax twice as wide as long, narrowed in
front, apex emarginate, base arcuate, sides moderately arcuate, hind angles
obtuse, surface sparsely and minutely punctulate. Elytra continuing the curve

of the thorax, humeri slightly oblique, obtusely rounded, surface with eight
rows of fine punctures moderately closely placed, those of the dise some-

296 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

what irregular, intervals flat, smooth. Metasternum coarsely punctured at
the sides, abdomen obsoletely punctate. Length .06—.08 inch; 1.5—2 mm.
(Pl. VII, fig. 10).

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly stouter, posterior femur with the
outer condyle prolonged into an obtusely unciform process. Tarsi 5—5—4,

Female.—Tarsi not broader. Posterior femur broad without unciform process.
Tarsi 5—4—4,

Four specimens, Detroit, (Hubbard) ; District of Columbia, (Ulke).

LIODES Latr.

Head feebly convex, not narrowed behind, received in the emarginate thorax
nearly as far as the eyes, beneath with well defined antennal grooves, oblique
from the eyes inward. Clypeus slightly prolonged beyond the front and
corneous, separated from the front by a well marked impressed suture and a
depression on each side. Eyes round, moderately prominent. Labrum short
usually truncate in front. Mandibles robust, not prominent, simple. Maxillary
palpi slender at base, the terminal joint stout, conical. Antenne arising under
a slight frontal margin, nearly attaining the hind angles of the thorax, eleven-
jointed, first joint stout, second nearly as stout but shorter, third slender and
longer, 4—6 small, gradually broader, the next five forming an elongate loose
club, the second joint of which is smaller. Anterior coxe closed behind, the
prosternum in front very narrow. Mesosternum moderately separating the
middle coxze and usually nearly vertical between them, not carinate. Posterior
coxe contiguous. Abdomen with six segments, the terminal usually small.
Legs not long, the tibie spinulose externally. Tarsi slender, the first joint of
the posterior moderately long, the number of joints variable in the sexes, being
5--5—4 in the male and 5—4—4 female.

I am indebted to Dr. Leconte for the use of a short tabular study
of the species of the present genus, prepared by Mr. Frederick
Blanchard of Lowell, Massachusetts, in which I find the species well
and accurately separated, but the increase in the mass of material
before me required the preparation of an entirely new table which is
presented below. The characters there used seem sufficiently definite
and not to need further explanation.

Elytra with regular strie Of PUNCEUTES......c000 vecescses seossecescnsnnsence Sacsees sevice cenmaceilis
Elytra with more or less confused strie, becoming in some species nearly

GOUDIS BUV1SC: ce seccens cacyenacelscveccensisasese sun aves yssne/censesacetl) licetnsleesc ch otaiaamnee 2.
Elytra without strial arrangement, punctures COMPUGEAL M0... Bhctus. conse seouseees 3.

1.—Ninth stria of punctures marginal in the greater part of its length, distant
from the margin at base only.

Elytra strongly sinuate at the sides, the ninth stria very distant from
margin at base, punctures of strie rather fine.

Intervals of striw distinctly punctulate..........00:.+ ee GlObOSAa Lec.

Intervals of striz smooth or very nearly 80.....0.s.e0e ceeeeeeee polita Lec.

Elytra not sinuate at the sides, the ninth stria not very distant at base,

punctures of striz rather coarse, intervals smooth.....diseolor Mels.

Ninth stria distant from the margin in its entire length, elytra not sinuate.

Blanchardi n. sp.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 297

2.—Ninth stria distant from the margin in its entire length.
Punctures of strie rather strong, of intervals fine, scarcely perceptible.
basalis Lec.
Punctures of stris fine, those of the intervals quite evident.
obsoleta n. sp.
Ninth stria marginal, distant from the margin for a short distance at base
only, punctures of discal strize much confused forming nearly double

SEIiG..00neceraceccsersesssecnsccn cesses sone sscveesssss coceas seenes geminata n. sp.
3.—Punctures of elytra much confused without distinct strial arrangement, the
punctures rather coarse but unequal......cceseceee secceeees confusa n. sp.

The last is the only species thus far known peculiar to the Pacific
region. <A variety of g/obosa occurs with it but but with these ex-
ceptions the species are peculiar to the Atlantic region, our total being
slightly in excess of the European list, the genus being thus far con-
fined to our own and that continent.

L. globosa Lec.—Broadly oval, very little longer than wide, convex,
piceous-black, shining. Head and thorax punctulate, the latter much more
sparsely and finely. Hind angles of thorax rectangular, sometimes slightly
obtuse. Elytra oval, not longer than wide at base, the latter on each side
searcely oblique, the humeri distinet, sides when viewed laterally sinuate
behind the middle, dise with eight entire strize of moderate punctures, the
ninth short, distant from the margin at base but becoming confused and
joining the margin in front of the middle, intervals sparsely punctulate, the
alternate with scarcely evident coarser punctures, distantly placed. Meta-
sternum coarsely punctate, abdomen more finely and sparsely. Length .12—
-14 inch; 3—3.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi very slightly dilated. Posterior femora
with a minute denticle at middle.

Female.—Tarsi slender. Posterior femora simple.

Var. globosa.—Color entirely piceous-black, sometimes with the legs and
under side paler.

Var. bicolor.—Piceous-black, head, thorax and scutellum orange-red, body
beneath and legs rufo-piceous. Occurs in Nevada.

In this species the strize are not as regular as is usual in this
group although not at all approaching the irregularity of the others.
IT do not see any good reason for separating the second variety as a
species, the color being the only difference. I have seen both sexes
of the two forms.

Occurs in the northern part of the Atlantic region extending to

Nevada, and as far south as Kentucky.

L. polita Lec.—Hemispherical, a little longer than wide, piceous-black,
shining. Head very minutely and sparsely punctulate. Thorax smooth, hind
angles rectangular. Elytra not longer than wide at base, humeri distinct,
surface with eight entire strie of moderate punctures, not closely placed, the
ninth distant from the margin at base but joining it at middle, intervals
smooth, the alternate with distant punctures, sides of elytra when viewed

TRANS. AMER. ENT, SOC. VIII. (38) ocTOBER, 1880.

298 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

laterally rather deeply sinuate. Body beneath coarsely but sparsely punctate.
Length .12—.14 inch; 3—3.5 mm.

Male.—The tarsi are seareely at all dilated. The posterior femur has on the
lower edge at middle, a slight tubercle similar to that observed in the anterior
femora of some Choleve.

Female.—Tarsi slender. Femur simple.

This species can only be mistaken for globosa, but the less punctate
surface will readily distinguish it.

Tn its distribution this species is more southern than g/obosa, all the
specimens seen being from Virginia, Kentucky and Georgia.

L. discolor Mels.—Hemispherical, very little longer than wide, piceous-
black above, rufo-piceous beneath, shining. Head and thorax impuncetate,
the latter with rectangular hind angles. Elytra as wide as long, sides when
viewed laterally very feebly sinuate, surface with eight entire striae of moder-
ately coarse and rather closely placed punctures, the ninth stria distant from
the margin at base, confluent with it slightly behind the middle, intervals flat,
smooth, the alternate with distant coarse punctures. Body beneath obsoletely.
sparsely punctate. Length .10—.12 inch; 2.5—3 mm.

Male.—Anterior tarsi moderately dilated, the first joint quite broad, middle
tarsi less dilated, posterior femora simple.

Female.—Tarsi very slender.

Occurs from Massachusetts and Canada to Virginia.

L. Blanchardi n.sp.—Hemispherical, piceous-black, very shining. Head
very minutely punctulate. Thorax with hind angles rectangular, surface im-
punctate. Elytra scarcely at all sinuate when viewed laterally, surface with
nine entire striz of moderate punctures, not very closely placed, the ninth
stria being entire and equidistant from the margin in its entire length, inter-
vals smooth, shining, the alternate with distant punctures. Body beneath
sparsely punctate. Length .08—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior tarsi very feebly dilated. Posterior femora with a minute
denticle at middle of lower margin.

Female.—Tarsi slender. Femora simple.

In this species the surface is quite as polished as in Phalacrus.
It could only be mistaken for discolor, but the position of the ninth
stria would at once distinguish it.

Occurs at Tewksbury, Massachusetts, collected by Mr. F. W. Blanch-
ard who recognized its value as a species.

L. obsoleta n. sp. (Blanchard mss.)—Oval, very convex, somewhat nar-
rower posteriorly, piceous-black, very shining. Head sparsely finely punctu-
late. Thorax very minutely and distantly punctulate, hind angles rectangular.
Elytra with the margin when viewed laterally slightly sinuate, the surface
with nine entire strie of rather fine confused punctures, having a tendency to
form double rows, the ninth although confused distant from the margin even
at its tip, intervals minutely sparsely punctulate, the alternate with slightly

larger punctures distantly placed. Body beneath sparsely punctate. Length
-08—.12 inch; 2—3 mm.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA, 299

Male.—Anterior tarsi slightly dilated. Posterior femora with a small denticle
at middle of lower edge.

Female.—Tarsi slender. Femur simple.

Closely resembles Blanchardi and differs only in the confused strize
and punctulate intervals.

Occurs from New Hampshire and Canada to Virginia.

L. basalis Lec.—Broadly oval, convex, shining, piceous-black, elytra
either entirely orange-red or with a humeral space of variable size of that
color. Head and thorax minutely sparsely punctulate. Elytra distinetly
sinuate on the sides when viewed laterally, surface with eight entire striae
of rather coarse much confused punctures, the ninth stria distant from the
margin at base becoming much confused and joining the margin at middle,
intervals scarcely visibly punctulate, the alternate with distant coarser punc-
tures. Body beneath sparsely punctate. Length .10 inch; 2.5 mm.

Male,—Anterior and middle tarsi dilated moderately. The posterior femur
flat beneath without tubercle or tooth.

Female.—Tarsi slender.

As already noted this species varies in the color of the elytra,
usually there is a narrow basal red space extending from the humeri
to near the suture while in others the elytra may become entirely red.
These latter are the dichroa Lec. It is possible that black varieties
of this species may occur which will then closely resemble discolor
except in the irregularity of the elytral stria. Excepting in color it
also resembles obso/eta, but the punctures of the strize are here coarser
and the finer punctures of the intervals barely visible.

Occurs from the Middle States north and as far west as Illinois.

L. geminata np. sp. (Blanchard mss.)—Broadly oval, very convex, slightly
narrower behind, piceous-black, shining. Head sparsely minutely punctulate.
Thorax smooth, hind angles rectangular. Elytra distinctly sinuate on the sides
when viewed laterally, surface with eight rows of very much confused punce-
tures becoming almost double series, the ninth very short, and uniting with
the margin very close to the humeri, intervals very minutely punctulate.
Body beneath distinctly alutaceous, sparsely punctate. Length .12—.14 inch;
3—3.5 mm. (PI. VII, fig. 7).

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi distinctly dilated. Posterior femur chan-
neled beneath but without tooth or tubercle.

I have seen but two males of this species which approach in size
globosa and polita but have a form more nearly resembling Tritoma
(Cyrtotriplax Cr.). The characters in the table are sufficient to
distinguish it from any at present known.

Occurs from Massachusetts to Virginia and Illinois.
L. confusa n. sp.—Broadly oval, not very convex, piceous-black, humeri

reddish, shining. Head very sparsely punctulate. Thorax scarcely perceptibly
punctulate. Elytra with the sutural stria moderately deeply impressed, the

300 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

entire surface rather coarsely punctate without traces of strial arrangement,
sides of elytra slightly sinuate. Legs rufo-piceous. Body beneath distinctly
alutaceous and sparsely punctate. Length .14 inch; 3.5 mm. ’

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi dilated. Posterior femora slightly flattened
beneath not dentate.

A very distinct species by the absence of any attempt at a strial
arrangement of the punctures,
One specimen, western Nevada.

AGATHIDIUOM LIlig.

Head flat, quadrangular, received in the emarginate thorax as far as the
eyes, and with well defined oblique antennal grooves beneath. Clypeus either
slightly prolonged, continuous with the front or emarginate and partly
membranous. Labrum short, rounded in front. Mandibles simple, the left
sometimes prolonged or horned in the male. Maxillary palpi short, clavate,
the basal joint very slender, the terminal conical. Eyes oval, not prominent.
Antenne arising under a frontal margin, eleven-jointed, first joint stout, moder-
ate in length, second nearly as stout but shorter, third more slender and longer
(except dentigerum) than the second, joints 4—8 small, gradually broader, 9—11
forming an oblong, rather loose club. Anterior coxal cavities angulate exter-
nally, closed behind. Mesosternum variably separating the cox and sub-
carinate or simple. Metasternum rather short the side pieces narrowly visible,
posterior coxz contiguous. Abdomen with six segments. Legs rather slender
but not long, tibie not spinulose externally, the spurs small. Tarsi slender and
varying between the sexes in the number of joints, being always 5—5—4 in
the males and 5—4—4 or 4—4—4 in the females.

The clypeus presents several important modifications. In three
species (sexstriatum, bistriatum and estriatum), that member is en-
tirely corneous and distinctly prolonged beyond the sides of the front.
In concinnum and rotundulum the margin of front and clypeus is con-
tinuous without perceptible membranous border, and with membranous
border in exiguum, dentigerum, californicum and revolvens. In onis-
coides, politum, pulchrum and difforme, the clypeus is broadly emargin-
ate and the emargination supplied with a membranous space. The last
three it will be observed have the left mandible larger in the male.

These modifications of the structure of the clypeus from that form
in which the middle is prominent to that in which the middle is partly
membranous, unite in one genus all the important modifications which
are observed in the entire family, and indicate that they should not
be considered of any value in a generic point of view.

Under politum will be found some remarks on the latter character.

The mesosternum has two important moditications which need no
further mention than that made in the synoptic table.

_ A little variation occurs in the antenna in the length of the third
joint as well as in the size of the seventh which is sometimes a little

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 301

larger than the eighth, and the antenna then approaches the structure
seen in Liodes.

All the species are more or less contractile, some of them very
feebly so. In the first four species of the table the contractile power
is perfect, so that the specimens roll themselves into a very convex
lenticular mass with the legs retracted and completely concealed. The
greater the contractility the more arcuate the base of the thorax and
the humeri of the elytra more oblique. In all our species the base
of the thorax is foliaceous and overlaps the base of the elytra, but
Lacordaire says that the base of the one is sometimes applied against
the base of the other.

Sexual characters other than those found in the tarsi do not occur
except in dentigerum. In the males the tarsi are always 5—5—4,
and in the females 5—4—4 or 4—4—4. The last only occurs in the
group with prominent clypeus.

Fourteen species are now known to us distributed in every part of
our territory, although the species do not have the extended range
observed in those of Anisotoma. A comparison of the number now
known with those described in the European lists suggests the proba-
bility of having but few additions to our lists in the future.

Typical specimens of all the species excepting oniscoides and mandi-
bulatum have been examined, the first being unnecessary while the
synonymy of the second seems quite evident.

The following table will, I think, enable the known species to be
determined with ease, with the assistance of the descriptions, the
latter having in many cases been abbreviated by comparisons where
repetition seemed unnecessary.

A.—Mesosternum continuous on the same plane with the metasternum, moder-
ately separating the middle coxe and subcarinate in front.

Body perfectly contractile, metasternum with an oblique ridge on each side,

limiting a.shallow concavity for the reception of the front and
middle legs in repose.
Elytra polished, impunctate.
Third joint of antennge longer than the second. Posterior femora of
male simple.
Larger species, sutural stria very fime............s000 oniscoides Beauy.
Smaller species, sutural stria moderately impressed...exiguum Mels.
Third joint of antenne not longer than the second. Posterior femora of
male toothed near the tip.
Small species, sutural stria wanting........00..000 -dentigerum n. sp.
Elytra punctulate, otherwise as in eriguwm...... s+. californicum n. sp.

Body very imperfectly contractile, metasternum without raised oblique line.
Elytra substriate and punctate............005 secs -revolvens Lec.

302 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

B.—Mesosternum vertical between the coxe which it narrowly separates, not
carinate in front.

Hind angles of thorax distinct almost rectangular, humeri very little oblique,
body feebly contraetile. Clypeus slightly more prominent than
the sides of the front.

Elytra with moderately coarse punctures and six, more or less regular, strie
on thedise. Thorax sparsely punctulate...sexstriatum n. sp.
Elytra with coarse punctures and but two feeble strie. Thorax smooth,

IMPUNCtALE...0--cc.. severe vere areal eecatsecenat resents bistriatum n. sp.
Elytra very irregularly punctate with coarse and fine punctures inter-
mixed. Thorax sparsely punctulate............ estriatum. 2. sp.

Hind angles of thorax broadly rounded, body eontractile.
Clypeus prominent at middle. Elytra punctulate...repentinum n. sp.
Cly peus truncate at middle, entirely corneous.
Elytra coarsely punctate.......ccccsssencccossese soonevand eoncinnum Mann.
Surface absolutely smooth. Elytra without sutural stria.
rotundulum Mann.
Clypeus emarginate and partly membranous. Left mandible of male
prolonged.
Body feebly convex, finely and equally punctulate.
angulare Mann.
Body very convex and contractile.
Surface very smooth, rarely with feeble trace of punctuation.
politum Lec.
Elytra distinetly punetulate, elytra with yellow oblique spots, some-
times however entirely piceOus.... ...seeccseccreees pulchrum Lec.
Surface more evidently punctate, thorax punctulate.
difforme Lec.

A. oniscoides Beauv.—Body perfectly contractile, black or piceous, en-
tirely impunctate, smooth and shining. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long,
base and posterior portion of the sides continuously arcuate, apex deeply
emarginate the anterior angles broadly rounded. Elytra when viewed from
above almost truly circular in outline, the margin when viewed from the side
continuously arcuate without angulation, sutural stria very finely impressed.
Metasternum finely alutaceous, sparsely obsoletely punctulate, and with an
oblique elevated line on each side, the two meeting at middle, abdomen more
rugulose, sparsely pubescent. Mesosternum continuous with the metasternum
and obtusely carinate in front. Length extended .14—.16 inch; 3.5—4 mm.
(Pl. VII, figs. 11, 12, 13).

Male.—Anterior tarsi slightly dilated. Tarsi 5—5—4.

Female.—Anterior tarsi slender. Tarsi 5—4—4.

This species is so perfectly contractile that the legs are completely
hidden when in that state. The elevated line on the metasternum is
the posterior limit of a slight concavity which accommodates the
anterior and middle legs in contraction.

A. globatile Lec. is merely a smaller form.

Occurs over the territory east of the Mississippi from Canada

to Georgia.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 303

A. exiguum Mels.—Resembles a diminutive form of the preceding species
and is known only by its small size, sutural stria more deeply impressed, lateral
margin of elytra slightly angulate, body less perfectly contractile. Length
extended .08—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm.

Varieties occur in this species in which some have the elytra abso-
lutely smooth, others punctulate, they are not however distinct.

Sexual characters as in ondscoides.

Occurs with the preceding, and in Colorado.

A. dentigerum n. sp.—Smaller than exiguum and perfectly contractile as
in oniscoides. Antenne with third joint evidently shorter than the second.
Surface smooth, shining and impunctate, sutural stria entirely wanting. Body
beneath as in oniscoides. Length .06—.07 inch; 1.5—1.75 mm.

Male.—Anterior tarsi slightly dilated. Posterior femur rather slender with
a triangular tooth near the outer condyle. Tarsi 5—5—4.

Female.—Tarsi slender, femora simple. Tarsi 5—4—4.

Two specimens, Stone Creek, Lee Co., Virginia, (Schwarz).

A. californicum n. sp.—Closely resembling exiguum, similarly contractile.
Head and thorax microscopically alutaceous, elytra sparsely but very distinctly
punctulate, sutural stria moderately deeply impressed and extending from the
apex beyond the middle. Length .08—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm.

Sexual characters as in exiguum.

When viewed laterally the margin of the elytra is more distinctly
angulate than in exiguum but not more so than in dentigerum.

Occurs in California, Nevada and Washington Territory.

A. revolvens Lec.—Broadly oval, piceous, shining, semi-contractile. Head
sparsely finely punctulate. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, narrowed
in front, apex deeply emarginate, base broadly arcuate, sides not continuously
arcuate with the base, hind angles distinct but rounded, surface sparsely very
finely punctulate. Elytra oval longer than wide, base at sides oblique, humeri
rounded, sutural stria rather deeply impressed from middle to apex, surface
substriate, sparsely punctulate, the punctures coarser and denser than on the
thorax. Mesosternum oblique, finely carinate in front. Metasternum without
oblique line, surface alutaceous sparsely punctate. Abdomen sparsely punc-
tate. Length extended .14 inch;. 3.5 mm.

Sexual characters as in oniscoides.

This species from the structure of the base of the thorax is far less
contractile than the preceding species. In some specimens, particu-
larly the males, there is a tendency in the seventh joint of the antennz
to become larger than the eighth, showing an approach toward Liodes
which is also indicated by the less contractile power.

Occurs from Canada to Vancouver.

A. sexstriatum 1. sp.—Oblong-oval, moderately convex, scarcely at all
contractile, piceous, thorax orange-red, shining. Head sparsely finely punctu-
late. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, much narrowed in front, sides
arcuate, apex deeply emarginate, base feebly arcuate, hind angles subrect-

504 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

angular, not prominent, surface obsoletely sparsely punctulate. Elytra oval
slightly longer than wide, not wider than the thorax, sides gradually arcu-
ately narrowing to apex, surface with six moderately well-defined strie of
coarse punctures, the intervals and sides of elytra with finer punctures not
densely placed. Body beneath sparsely punctulate, shining. Length .08 inch;
2mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi moderately dilated. Tarsi 5—5—4,

Female.—Tarsi slender 4—4—4.

Occurs in western Nevada, (Morrison). An easily known species.

A. bistriataum n. sp.—Broadly oval, convex, semi-contractile, piceous,
moderately shining. Head sparsely punctulate, clypeus rufous. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, base broadly arcuate, sides
moderately arcuate, hind angles rectangular but not prominent, surface im-
punctate. Elytra broadly oval, nearly as wide as long, base at sides slightly
oblique, humeri very distinct, sutural stria moderately impressed, surface
moderately coarsely but not densely punctate with two feeble striz of punc-
tures on the disc. Body beneath sparsely punctulate. Length .10—.12 inch;
2.5—3 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi moderately dilated. Tarsi 5—5—4.

Female.—Tarsi slender 4—4—4.

This species resembles some of the forms of concinnum but the
latter is more contractile, hind angles rounded, elytra without strize
and the female tarsi differently formed.

Occurs in western Nevada, (Morrison).

A. estriatum n. sp.—Broadly oval, convex, semi-contractile, piceous,
shining, thorax orange-red. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, nar-
rowed in front, apex feebly emarginate, base and sides arcuate, hind angles
obtusely rectangular, surface very sparsely and minutely punctulate. Elytra
oval, a little longer than wide, base at sides slightly oblique, humeri distinct,
sutural stria moderately impressed posteriorly, surface moderately densely but
irregularly punctured with coarse and finer punctures intermixed. Body
beneath sparsely finely punctulate. Length .10 inch; 2.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly dilated. Tarsi 5—5—4,

Female.—Unknown.

This species has some resemblance to concinnum and angulare, but
is intermediate in punctuation and differs from both in the hind angles
of the thorax.

One specimen, Garland, Colorado, (Schwarz).

A. repentinum n. sp.—Oval, convex, contractile, piceous, shining. Head
sparsely punctulate, clypeus slightly prolonged at middle, truncate at tip and
corneous. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, hind angles broadly
rounded, surface sparsely punctulate. Elytra oval, very little longer than wide,
humeri oblique forming a distinct angle with the sides, sutural stria extremely
fine but attaining the middle, surface very distinctly punctate. Body beneath
sparsely punctate. Length .08 inch; 2 mm.

{ have seen but one 9 of this species. It might readily be con-

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 305

founded with dijgorme but differs by the form of the clypeus and the
more finely impressed sutural stria. For the discovery of this species
I am indebted to Mr. F. Blanchard of Lowell, Massachusetts.

Occurs in the White Mountains, New Hampshire.

A. concinnum Mann.—Broadly oval, very convex, contractile, color
variable from testaceous to piceous. Head sparsely finely punctulate. Thorax
more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, apex moderately emar-
ginate, sides moderately, base strongly arcuate, hind angles broadly rounded,
surface sparsely obsoletely punctulate. Elytra very broadly oval, scarcely
longer than wide, base on each side slightly oblique, humeri rounded, surface
coarsely not densely punctured, sutural stria long, moderately deeply im-
pressed. Body beneath sparsely punctulate, abdomen a little more coarsely.
Length .08—.12 inch; 2—3 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly dilated. Tarsi 5—5—4,

Female.—Tarsi slender 5—4—4.

With this species I unite effuens Mann., after a comparison of types
from that author. The punctuation varies somewhat but not beyond
the ordinary limits.

Occurs from California and Nevada northward to Alaska.

A. rotundulum Mann.—Oval, very convex, contractile, piceous, margins
often paler. Surface absolutely smooth, elytra without sutural stria. Thorax
as in concinnum. Base of elytra very oblique and forming a very distinct
angle with the sides. Body beneath sparsely punctulate. Length fully ex-
tended .08 inch; 2 mm.

Sexual characters unknown, the two specimens from Mannerheim
now before me are in such condition that I cannot safely determine
the number of tarsal joints.

Two specimens, Alaska.

A. angulare Mann.—Broadly oval, not very convex, semi-contractile,
piceous, moderately shining. Head minutely punctulate. Thorax much more
than twice as wide as long, narrower in front, apex feebly emarginate, sides
and base arcuate, hind angles rounded, surface moderately densely but very
minutely punctulate. Elytra oval, a little longer than wide, base on each side
slightly oblique, humeri distinct, sutural stria long, moderately impressed,
surface finely but not densely punctulate. Body beneath very sparsely finely
punetulate. Length .14 inch; 3.5 mm.

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly dilated. Tarsi 5—5—4.

Female.—Tarsi slender 5—4—4,

As in all the species which follow the margin of the front is appa-
rently emarginate, the front edge of the clypeus being membranous.
The mandibles of male are normal.

Two specimens, Alaska and Colorado.

A. politum Lec.—Oval, very convex, contractile, color variable from rufo-
ferruginous to piceous, shining. Head smooth. Thorax more than twice as
wide as long, narrowed in front, apex moderately deeply emarginate, sides

TRANS, AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (39) OCTOBER, 1880.

306 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

and base arcuate, hind angles broadly rounded, surface smooth. Elytra oval,
nearly as wide as long, base on each side oblique, humeral angles distinct
but obtuse, sutural stria moderately long, finely impressed, surface smooth,
in the pale specimens sparsely punctulate when examined under a high
power. Body beneath sparsely punctulate. Length .08—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm.
(Pl. VII, fig. 14).

Male.—Anterior and middle tarsi slightly dilated. Tarsi5—5—4. Left mandi-
ble either much prolonged or with a horn-like process from the upper side.

Female.—Tarsi slender 5—4—4. Mandibles similar not prolonged.

After an examination of a large number of specimens I find that
the elytra are absolutely smooth in some and microscopically punctu-
late in others, the specimens which are totally black being the
smoother. The males also vary in the structure of the left mandible,
there being every gradation between the prolonged mandible and that
in which the prolongation becomes a distinct horn arising from its
upper edge. This variation can readily be shown in pulchrum which
seems to be abundant, and in this I have a male not differing appreci-
ably in its mandibles from the female. As this mandibular character
is a normal structure which closely approaches the borders of mon-
strosity, its variation cannot be assumed to have specific value.

A. parvulum Lec., seems to be merely a small form of the same.

Occurs from Pennsylvania to Missouri, and from Canada to Kentucky.

A. pulehrum Lec.—Resembles politum in form, elytra always distinctly
sparsely punctulate. Head piceous, often with a paler vertical spot. Thorax
reddish-yellow with large round, discal, piceous space. Elytra piceous, each

with two large, oblique, yellowish spots of variable size and shape. Length
-10—.12 inch; 2.5—3 mm.

Sexual characters as in politum.

The color varies greatly so that the head and thorax may be
entirely piceous and the elytral spots comparatively small, or the
spots may extend and become confluent. A. mandibulatum Mann.,
is without much doubt the same species.

Occurs in California and also in the White Mountains, New Hamp-
shire, (Austin), but I have not seen any from intermediate points
except Kentucky, (Dury).

A. difforme Lec.—Similar in form to politum but a little more elongate,
piceous, moderately shining, margin of thorax and a vague oblique stripe on
each elytron. Head very obviously punctulate. Thorax sparsely and finely
punctulate. Elytra with sutural stria moderately deeply impressed and ex-
tending two-thirds to base, surface sparsely but very evidently punctate. Body
beneath sparsely punctulate. Length .08 inch; 2 mm.

Male.—First two joints only of anterior tarsus slightly dilated. Tarsi 5—5—4.

Female.—Tarsi slender 5—4—4.

This species is so much more obviously punctate that there need

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 307

be no difficulty in separating it from the preceding two species. In
nearly all the specimens I have seen the sides of the thorax are rufo-
piceous, and a vague paler space on each elytron extending from the
humeri to the suture at apex.

Occurs in the White Mountains, (Austin), and the Lake Superior
region.

Here seems a fit place to reproduce Say’s description of an un-
known species. It is certainly not an Agathidium, and may be
either an Anisotoma or Hydnobius. I have placed it doubtfully
under H. Matthewsit.

“ Agathidium pallidum.—Body yellowish-testaceous; elytra with
very minute transverse lines.

“Tnhabits Missouri.

“ Body oval, convex, yellowish-testaceous, glabrous; head with a
few hairs beneath the edge; eyes prominent, hemispherical, black ;
palpi subulate; antenne hirsute, clavate; club oblong, perfoliate ;
second joint of club minute; thorax impunctured; scutel minute ;
elytra rugose in transverse very minute lines; thighs with very
minute spines above; tibia with prominent rigid spines.

“Length more than three-twentieths of an inch.

“A simple specimen occurred under wood, at Engineer Canton-
ment.”

Although the Anisotomini with similarly sculptured elytra are few
I am entirely unable to make this fit any known to me, the nearest
approach being as above stated.

AGLYPTUS Lec.

Head broad and flat, with distinct antennal grooves beneath, clypeus not
prolonged, finely margined in front, the suture not visible. Labrum short,
broad, emarginate. Mandibles not prominent, simple. Eyes oval, rather
coarsely granulated beneath. Antenne arising under a slight frontal margin,
eleven-jointed, first joint stout, second nearly as stout but longer, third more
slender than the second and shorter, 4—5—6 short but longer than wide and
together a little longer than the third, seventh broader, eighth smaller than
the seventh, last three joints forming an oblong club, the terminal broader and
longer than the preceding. Maxillary palpi slender, first joint short, second
and third nearly equal and not stouter than the first, terminal joint slender,
acute at tip, nearly equal in length to the preceding two. Prosternum very
short in front of the cox, the cavities angulate externally and closed behind.
Mesosternum moderately separating the coxe, vertical between them and
rather strongly carinate. Metasternum moderate in length, the coxe con-
tiguous. Abdomen with six segments, the terminal scarcely visible. Legs
rather short, the femora stout, tibie slender, not spinulose externally and
with very minute tibial spurs. Body oval, convex, partially contractile. Tarsi

308 GEO. BH. HORN, M. D.

slender the anterior dilated in the male, these four-jointed, the middle and
posterior three-jointed. Tarsi of female three jointed on all, the first and last
joints moderately long and equal, the second short.

With the antennal grooves beneath the head and the dissimilarity
of the tarsi in the sexes, there can be no doubt that this genus should
be placed near Agathidium and not Colenis. The antennal club is
however somewhat like that of the latter genus, so that there may be
some doubt as to whether it should be called three- or five-jointed,
it is in much the same condition that we find in several species of
Agathidium in which the seventh joint is a little larger than the
eighth.

The number of the tarsal joints in the male is a repetition in the
present series of genera of the same character in Agaricophagus, in
which however the tarsi are similar in the two sexes. That they are
three-jointed on all the tarsi in the female has been verified by an
examination under the compound microscope, a matter rather difficult
to do in so small an insect.

A. leevis Lec.—Oval, very convex, very little longer than wide, piceous,
shining, surface without sculpture. Thorax with margin and base translucent,
hind angles rectangular. Body beneath rufous,smooth. Length extended .d4—
06 inch; 1—1.5 mm. (PI. VII, fig. 15).

Maile.—Anterior tarsi moderately dilated, four-jointed, middle and posterior
tarsi three-jointed.

Female.—Tarsi slender, three-jointed on all the feet.

The form of this insect is that of a diminutive Agathidium re-
sembling rotundulum or politum.

Occurs in Canada, Illinois, Georgia, Louisiana, but rare.

Tribe VI.— Clambint.

Anterior coxe conical, moderately prominent, contiguous, with moderate
trochantin, the cavities angulate externally and closed behind. Middle coxe
separated by the mesosternum in Hmpelus and by the fine carina in the other
genera. Posterior coxe contiguous with plates covering the thighs, partially
in Empelus or completely in Clambus and Calyptomerus. Antenne of eleven,
ten or nine joints variably inserted, either contiguously to the eyes (in Clambus)
or distant, but not under a frontal margin. Tarsi four-jointed, tibie with-
out spurs.

The structure of the posterior cox affords the only means of
separating this tribe from the rest of the family as a whole. By the
structure of the anterior coxz and their cavities the Anisotomini are
the only close allies.

The posterior coxe in two of the genera have quite broad plates
arcuately narrowed within which cover completely the posterior legs
in repose. In Empelus however the plate is very narrow on the outer

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 309

part of the coxa and dilated only at the articulation somewhat after
the manner of certain Elateride. In two of the genera the elytra
are not margined and there is no separation of any epipleural portion.
Empelus however reverts .to the general type with distinct margin
and epipleurz.

In Clambus and Calyptomerus the middle cox are very narrowly
separated by a thin lamina while in Empelus the separation is well
marked. In the first two the mesosternum is almost hidden and the
metasternum is concave in front, the depression limited behind by a
well marked arcuate edge. In Empelus however there is no such
structure, the mesosternum is quite distinct and the metasternum not
concave. This excavation of the metasternum has already been fore-
shadowed in certain Agathidium (oniscoides, etc.), and has already
been described and its meaning indicated.

One of the most curious characters in the tribe is found in the
method of insertion of the antenne. In Empelus the sides of the
front, a little distance in advance of the eyes, are simply sinuate, the
basal joint is here inserted and the antennz in repose pass under the
head toa distinct groove. In Clambus there is apparently a triangular
notch, but on closer examination it will be observed that the sides of
the head are acutely margined and that portion of the acute margin
appears to pass under the head and become continuous with the ridge
which defines the inner edge of the antennal groove. The antenne
arise close to the eyes in Clambus. In Calyptomerus however the
structure is quite distinct. The antennz arise at a distance in front
of the eye midway between it and the middle of the front, the sides
of the head are acute as in Clambus, an edge or margin passing
forward from.the front of the eye while the frontal margin passes
backward and dips under the other, continuing in a ridge beneath
the head as in Clambus. Between the two ridges thus formed the
antenne arise and the first joint is concealed and may readily escape
detection.

The manner in which the antennz are disposed of beneath the
head requires special mention. Attention has already been directed
to the ridge which is the inner limit of the antennal grooves or
cavities beneath the head. In Empelus and Clambus this ridge is
nearly straight and not very distant from the inner edge of the eye.
In the former genus the stem of the antenna lies close against this
ridge when in repose, the claviecular portion being then bent and
resting in an arcuate groove which crosses the gula from one side

310 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

to the other, the tips of the two clubs probably touching, (PI. VIL,
fig. 19c). A similar condition exists in Clambus except that there is
a median gular ridge and on each side a shallow fossa in which the
club rests, (Pl. VII, fig. 19a). In Calyptomerus however the case is
different. The head being much larger and broader and the antennze
arising so much in front of the eye, the ridge in passing beneath the
head is arcuate inward leaving between it and the eye a wide space,
the antenna is consequently received on the side of the head beneath
and within the eye, and is curved in a somewhat spiral manner and
does not reach the gula at all, (Pl. VII, fig. 19 b).

Finally the abdomen varies in the number of the segments as will
be seen in the table.

The genera may be thus separated :
Elytra margined at the sides with distinct epipleurs. Coxal plates narrow.

Antenne 11-jointed, club 3-jointed. Moderately distant from the eyes at base.

Abdomen with seven segments.......+. ..0+ pesnicee es sapirerrneaceeeen aerate Empelus.

Elytra not margined at the sides, without epipleure, Coxal plates wide.
Antenne 10-jointed, club 2-jointed. Arising at a distance from the eyes.

Abdomen with six segments...........+seccceees coeeee wenieesennond Calyptomerus.
Antenne 9-jointed, club 2-jointed. Arising close to the eyes.
Abdomen with five segments Visible...........ssccccceeseseeseee conrerers Clambus.

Empelus and Calyptomerus have the elytra slightly prolonged and
obliquely truncate, in Clambus rounded at tip not prolonged.

In addition to the above genera M. Mulsant has described Lori-
caster (Opusc. Ent. xii, 1861, p. 159), said to have wide coxal plates,
three-jointed antennal club with non-contraetile body. Through the
kindness of M. Henri Jekel I have been enaabled to examine a
specimen, and find it in every respect a Clambus resembling our
C. puberulus.

EMPELUS Lec.

Head moderate in size, not rapidly narrowing behind, front moderately long,
oval, clypeus not distinct. Labrum small almost concealed. Mandibles as in
Clambus. Maxillary palpi moderately long, first joint very small, second long
and slender, third small and oval, fourth as long as second, oval, obtuse at tip,
rather flat with the under side concave. Eyes longitudinally oval, moderately
granulated. Antenne arising at a distance from the eyes, in a slight sinuation
of the sides of the front, the stem received in very distinct antennal grooves
beneath the eyes, the club received beneath the gula in an arcuate depression
which extends from one side to the other; eleven-jointed, first joint oval, flat,
suddenly narrowed at base, second less stout, much shorter and oval, 3—6
slender and long, gradually shorter, 7—8 small, rounded, 9—11 forming an
oblong club, the last joint longer, oval at tip. Thorax beneath as in Clambus.
Scutellum small. Mesosternum moderately separating the coxe and very finely
carinate. Metasternum moderately long not excavated in front. Posterior
coxe contiguous, the plate much narrower than in Clambus and dilated over

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 311

the femoral articulation only. Abdomen with seven distinct segments (at least
in the male). Elytra distinctly margined at the sides, epipleurm distinct.
Legs slender not long, tibie not spinulose and without terminal spurs. Tarsi
slender, four-jointed, first three joints subequal, very gradually decreasing
in length, last joint very nearly as long as these together. Body winged,
feebly contractile.

This genus seems fully to unite, through Aglyptus, the Anisotomini
with the present tribe. By its feeble contractile power and entire
metasternum it differs strikingly from Clambus and Calyptomerus,
and the structure of its maxillary palpi, antenne, mesosternum and
posterior coxx define it as one of the most distinct genera in the
entire family.

One species occurs in our fauna.

E. brunnipennis Mann.—Oblong-oval, moderately convex, feebly con-
tractile, sparsely clothed with extremely fine pubescence, piceous, head and
thorax rufous. Head sparsely minutely punctulate. Thorax about twice as
wide as long, narrowed in front, apex broadly emarginate, sides feebly arcuate,
base broadly arcuate, hind angles distinct but obtuse, surface very minutely
punctulate. Elytra oval, gradually narrowed posteriorly, base on each side
slightly oblique, humeri obtuse, sides feebly arcuate, apex slightly obliquely
truncate, surface very minutely sparsely punctulate. Body beneath and legs
rufo-piceous, surface very sparsely punctulate. Length extended .08 inch;
2mm. (PI. VII, fig. 16).

The male has the anterior tarsi distinctly broader than the female.

This insect has much more general resemblance to a non-contractile
Agathidium than to Clambus.

Occurs in Alaska.

CLAMBUS Fischer.

Head large, broad, rather flat, angulate at the sides and acutely margined,
gradually narrowed behind, front oval, at sides before the eyes notched allow-
ing the antenne to pass beneath the head to an oblique antennal groove which
is limited within by a raised line. Clypeus not distinct. Eyes rather large
but flattened above and angulate, beneath rather coarsely granulated. Antenne
ciliate, nine-jointed, inserted free at the anterior margin of the eyes, first joint
short, stout, oval, second slender and long, third and fourth slender, shorter
than the second, 5—7 short, gradually a little broader, 8—9 forming an oval
club, the terminal larger. Labrum short, scarcely visible beyond the clypeus.
Mandibles short, bifid at tip. Maxillary palpi with first joint very small,
second and third stouter, subequal, terminal slender and acute at tip, as long as
the two preceding united. Anterior coxe conical, transverse, contiguous with
distinct trochantin, the cavities angulate externally and closed.behind, pro-
sternum in front very narrow. Mesosternum very short, carinate between the
coxe which are very transverse. Metasternum moderately long, suddenly
concave in front, the concavity limited by an arcuate edge. Posterior coxe
laminate covering the hind thighs completely in repose, the plates arcuately
narrowed within. Abdomen with five visible segments only. Legs slender
not long, the tibia not spinulose and without terminal spurs, Tarsi slender

312 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

and moderately long, four-jointed, first joint long; equal to the next two which
are gradually shorter, the fourth nearly as long as the first. Body globose oval,
very convex, perfectly contractile, winged, the under wings well developed,
long and ciliate.

In addition to the above characters it will be noticed that the gula
is obtusely carinate at middle, and with a shallow fovea on each side
for the lodgment of the club of the antenne, the elytra are not mar-
gined at the sides and the epipleure are not distinct.

The foregoing description is unusually long from the fact that all
preceding authors fail to mention characters which seem of great
importance, in view of the system of classification adopted in the
preceding pages. The entire structure of Clambus indicates the
propriety of retaining it in the present family, although it possesses
certain characters at variance with the general structure, while some
of the structures here are already foreshadowed in Agathidium and
Aglyptus. These genera with Empelus in the present tribe connect
Clambus with the general mass of the family.

Erichson held the opinion that these insects should be placed
among the Coccinellidz, while other authors have seen resemblances
to the Trichopterygidz. The first idea seems to have no substantial
foundation while the latter has more in its favor,* yet the resemblances
are too few and the points of divergence so many that it may be
equally dismissed.

Our species are three in number, as follows:

Surface smooth, shining, glabrous, without punctuation or pubescence.

gibbulus Lec.
Surface sparsely pubescent.
Elytra posteriorly moderately densely finely punctulate...puberulus Lec.
Elytra with obsolete, very sparse punctuation.
Humeral angles of elytra rounded.........0.05 esesseeeeeeess seminulum n. sp.

umerali an cles (ishiNCh.ts.:sccelacacssace sources) cclst ast seesieancenasd vulneratus Lec.

Cc. gibbulus Lec.—Globose-oval, piceous-black, shining, surface smooth
without punctuation or pubescence. Thorax more than twice as wide as long,
sides short strongly arcuate, apex sinuate each side, base strongly areuate, hind
angles rounded, lateral margin more or less diaphanous Elytra very little
longer than wide, humeri rounded. Body beneath smooth with extremely
sparse pubescence. Legs and antenne testaceous. Length extended .04 inch;
nim. (Pie Vil ag. 1s):

I have not observed any special sexual differences except that certain
specimens seem to have the anterior tarsi broader and are probably males.

Occurs from Canada to Texas,

* The under wings are ciliate with long hairs in a manner very similar to
that family.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 313

Cc. puberulus Lec.—Globose-oval, piceous to piceo-testaceous, elytra paler
toward the tip. Head and thorax very sparsely minutely punctulate and
finely pubescent. Elytra more distinctly punctulate, very sparsely on the
disc, gradually more dense to the tip, surface sparsely pubescent. Body beneath
sparsely minutely punctulate and pubescent. Legs and antenne testaceous.
Length .04 inch; 1 mm.

Usually a little smaller than the preceding and differing in its
punctuation and pubescence.

Occurs from Massachusetts to District of Columbia.

C. vulneratus Lec.—Globose-oval, piceous-black, each elytron with an
indistinctly limited rufous space at middle. Head and thorax extremely finely
and very sparsely punctulate and pubescent. Elytra with the humeral angles
rectangular, surface smooth on the disc, very sparsely punctulate at the sides and
near the apex and sparsely pubescent. Body beneath very minutely punctulate
and sparsely pubescent. Legs and antenne testaceous. Length .04ineh; 1mm.

Kasily known by the above characters. The elytral spot is probably
not constant, and it is possible that other specimens will show that the
elytra may become gradually paler to tip as in puberudus.

One specimen, Garland, Colorado.

Cc. seminulumi n. sp.—Closely resembling puberulus in form and color and
differs only in having the punctuation as in vulneratus. The humeral angles of
the elytra are rounded as in puberulus. Length .04 inch; 1 mm.

Two specimens, Camp Grant, Arizona.

CALYPTOMERUS Redt.

Characters of Clambus with the following exceptions: Maxillary palpi with
the first joint.small, second much stouter, obeoniecal, third much smaller, fourth
more slender and nearly equal to the two preceding, obtuse at tip. Antenne
ten-jointed, first joint short and stout, second somewhat globose, as stout as the
first, third slender, 4—6 slender, gradually decreasing in length, 7—8 small,
nodose, 9—10 forming an oval mass the terminal a little smaller; antennz
arising at a distance in front of the eye in a notch in the side of the front, the
antenn® in repose received in broad shallow cavities on the under side of the
head between the eyes and the gula. Abdomen with six distinct segments.
Elytra slightly prolonged, subtruncate at tip. Body winged. Metasternum
very little excavated in front. The eyes are coarsely granulated above and
beneath and the tarsi are longer than those of Clambus.

The differences between this genus and the preceding are many and
important, and it seems rather remarkable that the insertion of the
antenne at a point so distant from the eyes should have escaped notice
in print, as that accurate artist Mr. Jules Migneaux has not failed to

represent it in his figure, (Duval, vol. i, pl. 18, fig. 189).
C. oblongulus Mann.—Oblong-oval, convex, contractile, piceo-testaceous,
moderately shining, sparsely pubescent. Head large, rapidly narrowing behind

the eyes, occiput vaguely transversely impressed, surface sparsely minutely
punctulate. Thorax smaller than the head but a little wider, more than twice

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VIII. (40) OCTOBER, 1880.

314 ‘GEO. H. HORN, M. D.°

as wide as long, apex on each side slightly sinuate, sides very short broadly
arcuate, base less arcuate, surface sparsely minutely punctulate. Elytra oblong-
oval, arcuately narrowing to apex which is obliquely truncate, base slightly
oblique on each side, humeri obtuse, surface sparsely minutely punctulate, the
punctures denser near the tip, pubescence longer and more evident than on
the head and thorax. Body beneath sparsely punctulate, finely pubescent.
Length extended .08 inch; 2mm. (PI. VII, fig. 17).

The male has the anterior tarsi distinctly broader than in the female.

Occurs in Alaska and at Veta Pass, Colorado.

———_——~or———__—-

Bibliography and Synonymy.

NECROPHORUS Fab.
N. carolinus Linn., Mantissa vi, 1771, p. 530.
mediatus Fab., Syst. El. i, p. 334; Leach, Zool. Mise. ii, p. 86, pl. 90, fig. 2 ;
Lec. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 275.
N. americanus Oliv., Ent. ii, 10, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 3; Lee. loc. cit. p. 276.
grandis Fab., Ent. Syst. i, p. 247; Syst. El.i, p.334; Herbst, Kifer v, p. 152,
pl. 50, fig. 1.
virginicus Frohl., Naturf. xxvi, p. 123.
N. Sayi Lap., Hist. Nat. ii, p. 2.
lunatus || Lee., loc. cit. p. 277.
luniger Harold, Heft. iv.
N. orbicollis Say, Journ. Acad. v, p. 177; Lee. loc. cit. p. 277.
Halli Kby., Fauna Bor. Am. iy, p. 98.
quadrisignatus Lap., Hist. Nat. ii, p. 1.
N. marginatus Fab., Syst. El. i, p. 334; Lec. loc. cit. p. 275.
N. obscurus Kby., Fauna Bor. Am. iv, p. 97.
Melsheimeri ¢ Lec., loc. cit. p. 275.
NN. guttula Motsch., Bull. Mose. 1845, i, p. 53; Lee. loc. cit. p. 276.
. Hecate Bland, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 1865, p. 382.
_N. pustulatus Herschel, Illig. Mag. vi, p. 271; Lee. loc. cit. p. 276.
bicolon Newm., Ent. Mag. v, p. 385.
tardus Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, iii, p. 170.
var. Melsheimeri Kby., Fauna Bor. Am. iv, p. 97.
maritimus Mann., Bull. Mose. 1843, ii, p. 251.
infodiens Mann., Bull. Mose. 1858, iii, p. 170.
_ pollinctor || Mamnn., loe. cit. p. 169.
confossor Lec., Proc. Acad. 1854, p. 20.
labiatus Motsch., Schrenk Reis. 1860, p. 126.
var. nigrita Mann., Bull. Mose. 1843, ii, p. 251; Iuee. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 276.
N. vespilloides Herbst, Fiissl. Archiv. 1784, v, p. 32.
mortuorum Fab., Ent. Syst. i, p. 248.
pygmeus Kby., Faun. Bor. Am. iv, p. 98, pl. 2, fig. 3.
Hebes Kby., loc. cit. p. 96.
defodiens Mann., Bull. Mose. 1846, ii, p. 513.
var. pollinctor Lec., Proc. Acad. 1854, p. 19.
conversator Walker, Nat. in Vane. ii, 1866, p. 320.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 315

N. tomentosus Weber, Obs. Ent. i, p. 47.
velutinus Fab., Syst. El. i, p. 334; Lee. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 277.

SILPHA Linn.
S. surinamensis Fab., Syst. Ent. p. 72; Oliv. Ent. ii, 11, pl. 1, fig. 3; Lee. Proc.
Acad. 1853, p. 278.
S. truncata Say, Journ. Acad. iii, p. 193; Lee. Col. Kans. p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 3.
8. lapponica Hbst., Kiifer v, p. 209, pl. 52, fig. 4; Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. iv,
p- 100; Lee. Proce. Acad. 1853, p. 278.
caudata Say, Journ. Acad. iii, p. 192.
tuberculata Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov. p. 81.
californica Mann., Bull. Mose. 1843, ii, p. 253.
S. trituberculata Kby., Faun. Bor. Am. iv, p. 101.
sagax Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, ili, p. 173.
S. ineequalis Fab., Spec. Ins. i, p. 87; Hbst. Kafer v, p. 185, ph 41, fig. 2; Oliv.
Ent. ii, 11, p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 20; Lec. Proc. Acad. 1883, p. 279.
S. noveboracensis Forst., Cent. Ins. i, p. 17.
marginalis Fab., Ent. Syst. Mant. p. 215; Spec. Ins. i, p. 86; Oliv. Ent. ii, 11,
p- 10, pl. 1, fig.5; Herbst, Kafer v, p.180; Lee. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 278.
marginata Kby., Faun. Bor. Am. iv, p. 100.
S. americana Linn., Syst. Nat. ii, p.570; Oliv. Ent. ii, 11, p. 1, fig. 9; Fab. Ent.
Syst. i, p. 249; Syst. El. 1, p. 337; Hbst. Kafer v, p. 176.
peltatus Catesby, (Scarabeus) Nat. Hist. Carol. iii, pl. 10, fig. 7; Lee. Proe.
Acad. 1853, p. 279.
affinis Kby., terminata Kby., Faun. Bor. Am. iv, p. 103.
canadensis Kby., loc. cit. p. 104.
S. ramosa Say, Journ. Acad. ili, p. 193; Lec. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 279.
cervaria Mann., Bull. Mose. 1848, ii, p. 252.
S. opaca Linn., Syst. Nat. ii, p. 571; Lee. Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 367.
8. bituberosa Lec., Col. Kans. 1859, p. 6.

NECROPHILUS Latr.
N. Pettitii n. sp.
subterraneus { Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 125.
N. hydrophiloides Mann., Bull. Mose. 1843, ii, p. 253; Lac. Gen. Col. Atlas,
pl. 16, fig. 5; Chevr. Guérin Icon. R. An. 61, pl. 17, fig. 12; Lec. Proc.
Acad. 1853, p. 280.
ater Motsch., Bull. Mose. 1845, iv, p. 363.

PELATES n. g.
P., latus Mann., (Wecrophilus) 1882, ii, p. 331.

PTEROLOMA Gyll.
P. Forsstremi Gyll., Ins. Suece. ii, p. 111; Duval, Gen. Col. Eur. pl. 34, fig. 169.
P. tenuicornis Lec., (Necrophilus) Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 84.

AGYRTES Frohl.
A. longulus Lec., (Necrophilus) Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 282.

SPHERITES Dufts.
8. glabratus Fab., (Hister) Ent. Syst. i, p. 73; Sturm Ins. i, p. 264, pl. 20;
Duval, Gen. Col. Eur. pl. 34, fig. 167.
politus Mann., Bull. Mose. 1846, ii, p. 514.

316 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

L.

Bet

aaaa

Q2Qaa

eaaaana

LYROSOMA Mann.
opaca Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, iii, p. 175.

PINODYTES n. g.
cryptophagoides Mann., (Catops) Bull. Mose. 1852, ii, p. 333.

PLATYCHOLEUS n. g.

. leptinoides (Ptomaph.) Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 77.

CATOPTRICHUS Murr.

. Frankenhauseri Mann., (Catops) Bull. Mose. 1852, ii, p. 332; Murray, Ann.

Nat. Hist. 1856, p. 462.

CHOLEVA Latr.

. egena n. sp.

. luridipennis Mann., (Catops) Bull. Mosc. 1853, iii, p.176; Murr. loc. cit. p.305.
. simplex Say, (Catops) Journ. Acad. v, p. 184; Lec. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 281.

. basillaris Say, (Cutops) Journ. Acad. iii, p. 194; Murr. loc. cit. p. 394.

Spenciana Kby., Fauna Bor. Am. iv, p. 108; Murr. loc. cit. p. 304.
cadaverinus Mann., (Catops) Bull. Mose. 1848, ii, p. 254.
brunnipennis Mann.,(Catops) Bull. Mose. 1853, iii, p. 176; Murr. loc. cit. p.305.

. clavicornis Lec., (Catops) Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 281.
. decipiens n. sp.

. terminans Lec., (Catops) Agass. Lake Super. p. 218; Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 282 ;

Murr. loc. cit. p. 395.
PRIONOCHEATA n. g.

. opaca Say, (Catops) Journ. Acad. v, p. 184; Lec. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 280;

Murr. loc. cit. p. 395.

PTOMAPHAGUS Illig.
. consobrinus Lec., Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 281; strigosus || Lec. loc. cit.
Lecontei Murr., Mon. p. 459.
. californicus Lec., loc. cit.; Murr. Mon. p. 458.
. hevadicus n. sp.
. oblitus Lec., loc. cit. p. 282.
. pusio Lec., Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 282.
Catopomorphus Aubé.
. parasitus Lec., Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 282.
. brachyderus Lec., New Species, 1863, p. 25.

ADELOPS Tellkampf.

. hirtus Tellk., Wiegm. Archiv. 1844, i, p. 318, pl. 8, figs. 1—6.

COLON Herbst.

. bidentatum Sahlb., Ins. Fen. p. 95; Tournier, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, 1863,

p- 137, pl. 4, fig. 2.

. paradoxum Horn, n. sp.

. Hubbardi Horn, n. sp.

. dentatum Lec., Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 282.
. celatum Horn, n. sp.

putum Horn, n. sp.

. magnicolle Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, iii, p. 177.
. pusillum Horn, n. sp.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 317

C. clavatum Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, iii, p. 178.
C, inerme Mann., Bull. Mose. 1852, ii, p. 333.

C. thoracicum Horn, n. sp.

C. asperatum Horn, n. sp.

C. nevadense Horn, n. sp.

TRIARTHRON Merk.
T. Lecontei Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 131.

HYDNOBIUS Schmidt.

H. Matthewsii Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 74.
? pallidum Say, (Agathidium) Journ. Acad. iv, p. 91.

H. strigilatus Horn, n. sp.

H. longulus Lec., Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 1879, vol. v, p. 511.
longidens Lec., loc. cit. p. 511.

H. substriatus Lec., 9 New Species, 1863, p. 25.
curvidens Lee., % Bull. Surv. loc. cit. p. 511.

H. latidens Lec., loc. cit. p. 512.
pumilus Lec., loc. cit. p. 511.

H. obtusus Lec., loc. cit. p. 511.

ANOGDUS Lec.
A. capitatus Lec., Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 369.

ANISOTOMA Illiger.

A. alternata Mels., (Leiodes) Proc. Acad. ii, p. 103; Lec. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 283.
A. humeralis Horn, n. sp.
A. valida Horn, n. sp.
A. assimilis Lec., Agass. Lake Super. p. 221; Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 283.
A. punctatostriata Kby., (Zeiodes) Faun. Bor. Am. p. 110.

indistincta Lec., Agass. Lake Super. p. 221; Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 283.

leta Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, iii, p. 201.
A. difficilis Horn, n. sp.
A. collaris Lec., Agass. Lake Super. p. 221; Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 283.
A. curvata Mann., Bull. Mose. 1858, iii, p. 202.

morula Lec., Proc. Acad. 1859, p. 282.
A. conferta Lec., Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 367.
A. paludicola Crotch, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 74.
A. strigata Lec., Agass. Lake Super. p. 221; Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 284.
A. obsoleta Mels., ( Pallodes) Proc. Acad. ii, p.107; Lec. Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 284.
A. ecarinata Horn, n. sp. |
A. lateritia Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii, p. 245, (not identified).

COLENIS Erichs.
C. impunctata Lec., Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 284.

CYRTUSA Erichs.
C. picipennis Lec., (Amphicyllis) New Spec. 1863, p. 25; Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 369.
C. blandissima Zimm., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 250.
C. egena Lec., Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 284.
impubis Zimm., loc. cit. p. 251.

ISOPLASTUS n. g.
I. fossor Horn, n. sp.

318 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

LIODES Latr.

L. globosa Lec., (Cyrtusa) Agass. Lake Super. p. 222; Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 285.
L. polita Lec., Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 285,
L. discolor Mels., Proc. Acad. ii, p. 103.
L. Blanchardi Horn, n. sp.
L. obsoleta Horn, n. sp.
L. basalis Lec., loc. cit. p. 285.

var. dichroa Lee., loc. cit.
L. geminata Horn, n. sp.
L. confusa Horn, n. sp.

AGATHIDIUM Illig.
A. oniscoides Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Am. p. 160, pl. 6, fig. 2; Lee. Proce. Acad.
1853, p. 285.
piceum Mels., Proc. Acad. 1844, p. 103.
globatile Lee., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 598.
A. exiguum Mels. loc. cit. p. 103.
ruficorne Lec., Agass. Lake Super. p. 222.
A. dentigerum Horn, n. sp.
A. californicum Horn, n. sp.
A. revolvens Lec., Agass. Lake Super. p. 222; Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 286.
A. sexstriatum Horn, n. sp.
A. bistriatum Horn, n. sp.
A. estriatum Horn, n. sp.
A. repentinum Horn, n. sp.
A. concinnum Mann., Bull. Mose. 1852, ii, p. 370.
effluens Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, lll, p. 202.
A. rotundulum Mann., Bull. Mose. 1852, ii, p. 370.
A. angulare Mann., loc. cit. p. 369.
A. politum Lec., Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 370.
parvulum Lec., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 598.
A. pulchrum Lec., Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 286.
mandibulatum Mann., Bull. Mose. 1853, iii, p. 203.
A. difforme Lec., (Phalacrus) Agass. Lake Super. p. 222; Proce. Acad. 1853,
p. 286.

AGLYPTUS Lec.
A. levis Lec., (? Colenis) Proc. Acad. 1853, p. 284; Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 369.

EMPELUS Lec.
E. brunnipennis Mann., (Litochrus) Bull. Mose. 1852, ii, p. 369; Lec. Class.
Coleop. N. A. 1861, p. 52.

CALYPTOMERUS Redt.
C. oblongulus Mann., ( Clambus) Bull. Mose. 1853, iii, p. 203; Lee. loe. cit.

CLAMBUS Fischer.
C. gibbulus Lec., (Sternuchus) Agass. Lake Super. p. 222; Proc. Acad. 1853,
p- 286.
C. puberulus Lec., New Species, 1863, p. 26.
C. vulneratus Lec., Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. 1879, vol. v, p. 512.
C. seminulum Horn, n. sp

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 319

Synonymical list of the genera of Silphide based on the notes in

the preceding pages.

Tribe SILPHINI.
Necrophorus Fab.
Silpha Linn.

Necrodes Leach.
Ptomaphila Hope. (a)
Necrophilus Latr.
Pelates Horn.
Pteroloma Gyll. (d)
Apatetica Hope.
Agyrtes Fréhl.
Spherites Duftsch.

Tribe LYROSOMINI.

Lyrosoma Mann.

Tribe PINODYTINI.

Pinodytes Horn.

Tribe CHOLEVINI.

Group Barnysci#.
_Leptodirus Sturm. (a)

S. G. Propus Abeille.
Antrocharis Abeille.

8. G. Diaprysius Abeille.
Oryotus Miller.
Aphaobius Abeille.

Adelops { Schauf.
Pholeuon Hampe.

S. G. Drimeotus Miller.
Bathyscia Schiedte.

Adelops { Auct. Europ.

Questus Schauf.

Questiculus Schauf.
Cytodromus Abeille. (c)
Speleochlamys Dieck. (c)

Group PLATYCHOLEI.
Platycholeus Horn.

Group CHoLEVA.
Catoptrichus Murray.
Choleva Latr. (a)
Prionocheta Horn.
Ptomaphagus Illig.

S. G. Catopomerphus Aubé.

Adelops Tellk.

Group CoLoNEs.
Colon Herbst.
Camiarus Sharp.

Tribe ANISOTOMINI.
Triarthron Merkel.

Stereus Woll.
Hydnobius Schmidt.
Dietta Sharp.

Anogdus Lec.
Anisotoma Illig.
Colenis Erichs.
Agaricophagus Schmidt.
Liodes Latr.
Scotocryptus Girard. (d)
Cyrtusa Erichs.
Amphicyllis Erichs.
Isoplastus Horn.
Agathidium Illig.
Aglyptus Lec.

Tribe CLAMBINI.
Empelus Lec.

Calyptomerus Redt.
Clambus Fisch.
Loricaster Muls.

(a) For synonymy already published see “ Catalogus.”

(b) See “ Catalogus,” excluding Lyrosoma.

(c) Of uncertain position and value.

(d) Possibly allied to Aglyptus but undoubtedly an Anisotomide.

320 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

Fig. 1.—Necrophorus carolinus Linn.

Fig. 2.—Thorax beneath of N. marginatus Fab.

Fig. 3.—Silpha surinamensis Fab.

Fig. 4.—S. bituberosa Lec.; a, thorax beneath of same.

Fig. 5.—WNecrophilus hydrophiloides Mann.

Fig. 6.—Pelates latus Mann.; a, thorax beneath of same.

Fig. 7.—Pteroloma tenuicornis Lec.

Fig. 8.—Apatetica lebioides Westw., (after Lacordaire.*)

Fig. 9.—Agyrtes longulus Lec.

Fig. 10.—Spherites glabratus Fab.

Fig. 11.—Lyrosoma opacum Mann.

Fig. 12.-—Pinodytes cryptophagoides Mann.; b, antenna of same.

Fig. 13.— Catoptrichus Frankenheusert Mann.; a, anterior tibia $; 6, antenna.
Fig. 14.—Prionocheta opaca Say; a, tibial spur.

Fig. 15.—Ptomaphagus consobrinus Lec.; a, antenna.

Fig. 16.—Ptomaphagus (Catopomorphus) brachyderus Lee.; a, antenna.
Fig. 17.— Choleva luridipennis Mann.; a, thorax beneath of same.

CORRECTIONS.

Page 235, line 4 from bottom, for terse read tense.

Page 307, line 21, for simple read single.

The genus Camiarus Sharp, is written as in the original description
Camirus in the earlier pages. Dr. Sharp subsequently changed the
latter name from its resemblance to Camira.

* Occurs in the Himalaya region of India.

Trans, Amer. Ent, Soc. Vol. viii,

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Ent. Soc. Vol. viii,

Trans. Amer.

AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 321

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

.

Fig. 1.—Adelops hirtus Tellk.; a, head seen from the front showing the eyes.

Fig. 2.—Platycholeus leptinoides Crotch.

Fig. 3.—Bathyscia Freyeri* Miller.

Fig. 4.—Pholeuon leptoderum* Friw.; a, thorax beneath of same.

Fig. 5.—Oryotus Schmidtii* Miller.

Fig. 6.—Leptoderus Hohenwarti* Schmidt; a, 6, thorax and body beneath of
same.

Fig. 7.—Colon thoracicum Horn; a, antenna of same.

Fig. 8.—C. magnicolle Mann.

Fig. 9.—Antenna of C. bidentatum Sahlb.

Fig. 10.—Anterior and posterior legs of C. bidentatum %; a, anterior tibial spur
enlarged; 5, posterior tibial spur; c, anterior tibial spur of a male
of C. inerme.

Fig. 11.—Anterior and posterior legs of @C. dentatum %.

Fig. 12.—Same of C. celatum %.

Fig. 18.—Same of C. Hubbardi %.

Fig. 14.—Anterior tibia and posterior leg of C. paradoxum %,.

Fig. 15.—Triarthron Lecontei Horn; a, antenna; 6, posterior leg of %.

Fig. 16.—Hydnobius Matthewsii Crotch.

Fig. 17.—Posterior leg of H. obtusus Lee. %.

Fig. 18.—Anterior leg of H. strigilatus Horn, %.

Fig. 19.—Posterior leg of H. substriatus Lee. %, with variation.

Fig. 20.—Same of H. longulus Lee. %, with variation.

Fig. 21.—Same of H. latidens Lee. %.

Fig. 22.—Anogdus capitatus Lec.; a, antenna; 6, posterior leg.

Fig. 23.—Colenis impunctata Lec. ;

Fig. 24.—Camiarus thoracicus t+ Sharp.

Fig. 25.—C. converus f Sharp.

* These occur in various caves of Europe.
} These occur in New Zealand.

TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. VIII. (41) OCTOBER, 1880.

322 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Fig. 1.—Anisotoma alternata Mels.

Fig. 2.—A. valida Horn; a, posterior leg of %.

Fig. 3.—Posterior leg of A. asstmilis Lec. %.

Fig. 4.—Posterior leg of A. humeralis Horn, $; @, femur of A. conferta % ;
6, femur of A. obsoleta %.

Fig. 5.—Agaricophagus cephalotes* Schmidt, (after Duval).

Fig. 6.—Amphicyllis globus* Fab., (after Duval).

Fig. 7.—Liodes geminata Horn.

Fig. 8.—Cyrtusa blandissima Zimm.; a, posterior leg and middle tibia of § ;
6, posterior leg of C. egena Lec. %.

Fig. 9.—Stereus cercyonoidest Woll. (after Wollaston).

Fig. 10.—Isoplastus fossor Horn; a, antenna of same.

Fig. 11.—Agathidium oniscoides Beauv.

Fig. 12.Under side of same.

Fig. 13.—A. oniscoides contracted, almost fully.

Fig. 14.—A. politum %, fully contracted.

Fig. 15.—Aglyptus levis Lec.; a, antenna of same.

Fig. 16.—Empelus brunnipennis Mann.; a, antenna of same.

Fig. 17.—Calyptomerus oblongulus Mann.; a, antenna of same.

Fig. 18.—Clambus gibbulus Lec.; a, antenna of same.

Fig. 19.—Under side of head, showing the position of the antenne in repose of
a, Clambus, b, Calyptomerus and c, Empelus.

* Occurs in Europe.
} Occurs in the Madeira Islands.

Trans. Amer. Ents Soe. Vol. viii,

Horn, George Henry,

1840-1897. |
Synopsis of the Sil- &

phidae of the United |

States with reference

to the genera of ..--