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SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES

OF

WHALES AND DOLPHINS

IN THE

COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

(ILLUSTRATED WITH 387 PLATES, BY THE LATE WILLIAM WING.)

BY
JOHN EDWARD GRAY Pat® ES. ‘V.P.ZS., FL:S., ene,

KEEPER OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

JST

( Alig 2G tery
Qtr BR ARIES si vs

LON DON:
BERNARD QUARITCH.16-PICC ADILLY.

MDCCCLXVIII.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

SYNOPSIS

OF THE

SPECIES

AAA

CETACEA.

Teeth all similar, conical, sometimes not devoloped.
Palate often furnished with transverse plates of baleen or
whalebone. Body fish-shaped, smooth, bald. Limbs
clawless ; fore limbs fin-shaped ; hinder united, forming a
forked horizontal fin. Nostrils enlarged into blowers.
Teats two, inguinal. Carnivorous.

Section I. MYSTICETE, Gray, Cat. Seals & Whales
B. M. 62, 68.
(Mystacocete or Balenoidea, Flower, Trans. Z. 8. vi. 110.)

Head large, depressed. Teeth rudimentary; they never
cut the gums. Palate with transverse, fringed, horny
plates of baleen. Nostrils separate, longitudinal. Gul-
let very contracted. Tympanic bones simple, large,
cochleate, attached to an expanded periotic bone, which
forms part of the skull.

Suborder I. BALZENOIDEA.

Belly smooth. Head very large.
sal fin none.

Baleen elongate. Dor-

Family I. BALAANIDA, Gray, Cat. Seals & Whales
B. M. 61,75; Lilljeborg, N. Acta Upsal. 1867, vi.
Dorsal fin none. Belly smooth. Baleen elongate, slender.

Vertebree of the neck anchylosed. Pectoral fin

broad, truncated at the end; fingers five. Tympanic
bones rhombic ; maxillary bones narrow.

I. Baleen thin, polished, with a thick enamel on each side,
and a fine elongate slender fringe.

I. Batana, Gray, Il. c. 79; Lilljeborg, N. Acta Upsal.
vi. 1867.

First rib slender, narrow, and undivided at the vertebral

OF WHALES

AND DOLPHINS.

end. Tympanic bones square; aperture nearly as long as
the bone. The upper and lower lateral processes of the
atlas vertebra obliquely truncated.

1. Baleena mysticetus (T. 1. f. 4, baleen), Linn.; Gray,
l. c. 81, figs. 1, 2,4,5. Hab. North Sea.

2. Balena marginata (T. 1. f. 1, baleen), Gray /. c.
90. Hab. Western Australia: a very small species.

II. Baleen thick, not polished, with a thin enamel coat on
each side, and a coarse thick fringe.

II. Evsarana, Gray, 1. c. 91; Lilljeborg, N. Acta
Upsal. vi. 1867.

First rib broad at the vertebral end. Tympanic bone
square ; aperture nearly as long as the bone.

1, Eubalzna australis, Gray, /.c.91, fig. 6. Balena
australis, Cuv. Oss. Foss. v. t. 25-27. (B. capensis, T. 1.
f.3, baleen). Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

2, Eubalena Sieboldii (T. 1. f. 2, baleen), Gray, /. c.
96. (Balena japonica, Gray, T. 1. f. 2, baleen.) B. aus-
tralis, Temm. F. Japon. t. 28, 29. Hab. Japan.

See E. cisarctica, Cope, Journ. Acad. N.S. Philad. 1865,
p- 168.

Ill. Hunrerivs, Gray, /. c. 78,98; Lilljeborg, N. Acta
Upsal. vi. 1867.

First rib broad, with a double head at the vertebral end.
Tympanic bones square; aperture nearly as long as the
bone.

1. Hunterius Temminckii, Gray, /.c. 98, fig.8. Ba-
lena australis, Temm. F. Japon. t. 28, 29. Hab. Cape
of Good Hope.

2. Hunterius Swedenborgii, Lilljeborg, N. Acta A.
Sci. Upsal. vi. (1867,) 35, t. 9, 10,11 (skeleton). Had.
North Sea, Sweden (subfossil).

B

See Hunterius Biscayensis (Balena Biscayensis, Gray,
1. c. 89). Hab. North Atlantic. Mus. Copenhagen, jun.

IV. Carerga, Gray, l. c. 78,101; Lilljeborg, N. Acta
Upsal. vi. 1867.

First rib Baleen ? Tympanic bones irregu-
lar, rhombic; aperture irregular, much contracted at the
upper end; the wide part not half the length of the bone.
“Cervical vertebre all united. First rib single at the
upper, and very broad at the lower end. Bladebone (acro-
mion) rudimentary. Coracoid process none.”—Lilljeborg.

1. Caperea antipodarum, Gray,/.c.101, fig.9. Ba-
lena antipodarum, Gray, Dieffenbach, t. 1. Hab. New
Zealand. Skeleton, Mus. Paris.

V. Mactrayivs, Gray, /.c. 103, 37.

First rib Baleen ? The upper and lateral
process of the atlas vertebra broad and truncated.

1. Macleayius australiensis, Gray, /.c. 105 (figs. 10,
11), 871 (figs. 74, 75). Hab. Australian Seas.

Suborder I]. BALAENOPTEROIDEA.
(Balenopteride, Gray, 1. c. 61, 106.)

Dorsal fin distinct. Belly longitudinally plaited. Baleen
short, broad. Maxillary bones broad. Pectoral fin
lanceolate ; fingers four. Vertebre of the neck free.
Tympanic bones oblong or ovate.

Family Il. MEGAPTERID 4.
(Megapterina, Gray, /. c. 1138.)

Dorsal fin low, broad. Pectoral fin very long, with four
very long fingers of many phalanges. Vertebre
fifty or sixty; cervical vertebre often anchylosed.
Lateral processes of the axis tardily ossified. Neural
canal large, high, triangular. Ribs fourteen or fifteen.

I. Mecarrera, Gray, I. c. 118, 117; Lilljeborg, N. Acta
Upsal. 1867, vi. Hump-backed Whale.

Bladebone without acromion or coracoid process.
Body of cervical vertebrze subcircular.

1. Megaptera longimana, Gray, /. c. 119 (fig.), 373.
M. Boops (Tab. 30, baleen and jaws with rudimentary
teeth; T. 33. f. 12, vertebra). Hab. North Sea.

2. Megaptera Novze-Zelandiz, Gray, /. c. 128. fig.

II. Porscortra, Gray, l. c. 118.

Bladebone with small coracoid process. Body of cer-

vical vertebra nearly square.

1. Poescopia Lalandii, Gray, /. c. 126 (fig.), 373 (Tab.
33.£.3,4,vertebre, from Cuyier). Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

Ill. Escuricurivs, Gray, l.c. 113, 1381; Lilljeborg,
N. Acta Upsal. vi. 12, 1867.

Bladebone with large coracoid process.
vical vertebre separate, small, roundish-oblong.
neural canal very broad and high.

Body of cer-
The

1. Eschrichtius robustus, Gray, /. c. 133 (fig.), 373;
Lilljeborg, N. Acta Upsal. 1867, vi. 16, t. 1-8. Hab.
North Sea, coast of Devonshire, Sweden.

Family III. PHYSALINID A.
(Physalina, Gray, 1. c. 114, 134.)

Dorsal fin high, erect, compressed, faleate, about three-
fourths the entire length from the nose. Pectoral
fin moderate, with four short fingers, of four or six
phalanges. Vertebre 55 or 64. Cervical vertebrze
not anchylosed. Neural canal oblong, transverse.

* Vertebre 60 or 64; first rib single-headed.

I. Benepenta, Gray, l. c. 114, 135.

Rostrum of skull narrow, attenuated, with straight
slanting edges. Second cervical vertebra with two short
truncated lateral processes. The first rib single-headed.

1. Benedenia Knoxii, Gray, /. c. 138, figs. 24-26. B.
Boops, Tab. 32. f. 1, 2 (cervical vertebrae). Hab. North
Sea, coast of Wales.

II. Puysauvs, Gray, l. c. 114,139; Lilljeborg, N. Acta
Upsal. 1867, p. 72.

Rostrum of the skull narrow, attenuated, with straight,
sloping sides. Second cervical vertebra with a broad
lateral process, with a large perforation at the base.
First rib single-headed. Sternum trifoliate, with a long
slender hinder process.

+ Lateral rings of the second cervical vertebra as long as
the diameter of the body of the vertebra. Gray, 1. c. 374.

1. Physalus antiquorum (Tab. 1. f. 6, baleen; T. 32.
f. 5, 6, cervical vertebra), Gray, l. c. 144 (figs. 29-82),
374. Ribs 14.14. Hab. North Sea, Greenland, Hamp-
shire, &c.

2. Physalus Duguidii, Gray, /. c. 158 (figs. 33-35).
Ribs 15.15. Hab. North Sea, Orkneys.

+t The lateral rings of the cervical vertebre shorter than the
diameter of the body of the vertebre. Gray, l. ¢. 374.

3. Physalus patachonicus, Gray, /.c. 374 (figs. 76-86).
Hab. River Plata.

Ill. Cuvirrivs, Gray, l. c. 114, 164.

Rostrum of the skull broad, the outer side curved, es-
pecially in front. The second cervical vertebra with two
short thick lateral processes. First rib single-headed.
Sternum oblong-ovate, transverse.

1. Cuvierius Sibbaldii, Gray, /. c. 380. C. latiros-
tris, Gray, 1. c. 165. Physalus Sibbaldu, Gray, 1. c. 160
(fig. 36), 380. Baleenoptera Sibbaldu (T. 33. f. 5, 6, ver-
tebre). Balenoptera Caroline, Malm, Monog. Iilust.
t. 44. Hab. North Sea. Mus. Hull.

**& Vertebre 55. First and second ribs double-headed.
Second cervical vertebra with a broad lateral process
perforated at the base. Lower jaw compressed, with

distinct coronoid process. Sibbaldius, Gray, 1. c.
114, 169.

IV. Ruvoteurvs, Gray, /. c. 170, 1865. Sibbaldius,
Lilljeborg, Nova Acta, Upsal. vi. 1867.

Dorsal fin compressed, falcate, two-thirds of the entire
length from the nose. Ribs 13.13; first rib short, dilated
at the sternal end. Sternum elongate, not narrow at
posterior lobe.

1. Rudolphius laticeps. Sibbaldius laticeps, Gray,
l. c. 170, figs. 37, 88. Hab. North Sea.

V. Srpspatpivs, Gray, 1. c. 175, 1865. Flowerius,
Lilljjeborg, N. Acta Upsal. vi. 1867.

Dorsal fin very small, far behind, and placed on a thick
prominence. Ribs 14.14; first short, sternal end very
broad and deeply notched. Sternum with a broad short
hinder lobe.

1. Sibbaldius borealis, Gray, /. c. 175, fig. 39.
Flowerius gigas, Lilljebory, N. Acta Upsal. vi. 1867.
Hab. North Sea.

2. Sibbaldius Schlegellii,
40-48. Hab. Java.

Gray, 1. c. 178, figs.

3. Sibbaldius ? antarcticus, Gray, /. c. 381, fig. 87.
Hab. Buenos Ayres.

Family IV. BALAANOPTERIDA.

(Balenopterina, Gray, 1. c. 114. Balenoptera, Gray, I. c.
114; Lilijeborg, vi.)

Dorsal fin high, erect, compressed, about two-thirds of the
entire length from the nose. Pectoral fin moderate,
with four short fingers. Vertebrz 50; cervical ver-
tebree sometimes anchylosed. Neural canal broad,
trigonal. Ribs11.11. The second cervical vertebra
with a broad lateral expansion perforated at the base.
First rib single-headed. Lower jaw with a conical
coronoid process.

I. Batranortera, Gray, l. c. 114.

The lower lateral processes of the third to the seventh
cervical vertebree with an angular projection on the lower
edges. Fabricia, Gray, 1. c. 382.

1. Balznoptera rostrata (T. 1. f. 5, baleen; T. 2, skull;
T. 82. f.3, 4, cervical vertebree), Gray. 1. c. 188. figs. 49-53.
Hab. North Sea.

II. Swinwora, Gray, l. c. 382.

The lower lateral processes of the third to the sixth
cervical vertebra slender, regularly curved, without any
prominent angle on the lower edge.

1. Swinhoia chinensis. Balenoptera Swinhoei, Gray,
1. c. 382, figs. 88-93. Hab. Formosa.

Section II. DENTICETE, Gray, /. c. 62, 194.
(Odontoceti or Delphinoidea, Flower, /. c. 111.)

Teeth well developed in one or both jaws, sometimes
deciduous. Palate without baleen. Head large or
moderate, compressed. Tympanic bones two, dissimi-
lar, separate, becoming united, sunk in a cavity in the

base of the skull. Gullet large.

The suborders in the section have certain relations to
each other in two parallel series :—

B. Nostrils united,
transverse.

A. Nostrils separate,

Teeth only in the lower elongated.

jaw. Cervical vertebra
often united

Physeteroidea Ziphioidea.

Teeth well developed T.
in both jaws. Jaws >| Susuoidea...........-- Delphinoidea.
beaked! secsonsccccceusessseves

Suborder III. PHYSETEROIDEA, Gray, /. c. 195.

Head blunt. Nostrils longitudinal, parallel or diverging,
each covered with a valve, the right often obliterated.
Teeth only in the lower jaw, fitting into holes in the
gums of the upper one.

Family V. CATODONTID Ai.
(Catodontina, Gray, 1. c. 386, 387).

Head compressed, truncated in front, very large. Blowers
separate, linear, in front of the upper part of the head.
Mouth inferior, linear. Pectoral fin short, broad,
truncate. Dorsal hump rounded. Skull elongate.
Crown concave, surrounded by a high perpendicular
wall formed by the doubled-up maxilla and occipital
bones. Upper jaw toothless.

I. Carovon, Gray, l. c. 196, 386, 387.

The atlas vertebra transverse; nearly twice as broad as
high; the central canal subtrigonal, narrow below.

1. Catodon macrocephalus, Gray, /. c. 196, f. 54, 202,
387. Hab. Tropical seas, accidentallyin the temperate ones.
Mr. Flower (Trans. Zool. Soc. vi.) considers C. australis,
Gray, /. c. 206, fig. 55, the same species.

Il. Mecanevron, Gray, /. c. 386, 387.

The atlas vertebra subcircular, rather broader than high.
The central canal subcircular, in the middle of the body,
widened above.

1. Meganeuron Krefftii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 440;
1. c. 888, figs. 94-97. Hab. Australian Seas.

Family VI. PHYSETERID A.
(Physeterina, Gray, l. c. 386, 390.)

Head depressed, rounded in front. Blowers linear (the
one on the left side often only open), at the back of
the forehead. Mouth small, inferior, rounded. Dor-
sal fin compressed, falcate. Pectoral fin elongate,
faleate. Skull short; crown concave; hinder part of
the wall formed by the maxillaries, and divided, as it
were, into two subequal parts by acentral bony ridge,
which is more or less twisted towards the right side.
Upper jaw toothless.

I. Puyserrer, Gray, /. c. 196, 211, 386.

Head large, rather depressed in front. Skull ——?
1. Physeter tursio, Linn.; Gray, 1. c. 212. Hab.
North Sea, Scotland, Sibbald, 1687. Length 52 or 53 feet.

II. Koera, Gray, l. c. 196, 215, 386, 391.

Head moderate, blunt, and high in front; left blower
only open. Skull short and broad; the septum that
divides the crown of the skull very sinuous, folded so as to
form a funnel-shaped cavity.

1. Kogia breviceps, Gray, /. c. 217, 391.

Hab. Cape
of Good Hope.

Perhaps the next is the same species.

2. Kogia Macleayii, Gray,/.c.391. Physeter simus,
Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. 80, t. 10, 11, 12, 18, 2 (not
skeleton, t. 11. f. 2). Had. Australia, India. Length
10 feet, young.

The difference between Kogia and Euphysetes does not
depend on the sex of the amimals. Mr. Krefft described
a male, and Professor Owen a female, specimen; the latter
mistook the two drawings of the same specimen for the
two sexes, deceived by certain additions surreptitiously
made to Mr, Elliot’s drawings; but these additions, es-
pecially the penis, is not represented on the Plates, and the
artist (Mr. Willis) says he received no directions to leave
out any part of the drawing, and accurately copied them.
The measurements given in the paper do not agree with
those in Mr, Ellot’s notes made from the living animal,
and the references to them would have prevented all this
confusion.

Ill. Eveuysertes, Gray, l. c. 196, 215, 386, 392.

Head moderate, blunt, and high in front. Skull short
and broad. The septum that divides the cavity of the
crown of the skull simple, longitudinal, only slightly
curved.

1. Euphysetes Grayii, MacLeay ; Gray, 1. c. 218, 392.
Physeter simus, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. t. 11. f. 2
(skeleton only). Had. Australia.

Suborder IV. SUSUOIDEA.

Head beaked. Nostrils longitudinal, each covered with a
valve (the right often obliterated). Teeth in upper and
lower jaws, compressed. Crown of skull covered with a
bony arch.

Family VII. PLATANISTIDA, Gray, 1. c. 52, 220.

Head long-beaked. Jaws slender, compressed. Teeth
in both jaws, compressed. Skull—crown covered
with the converging arch and reflexed edges of the
maxillaries.

I. Puaranista, Gray, J. c. 221.

1. Platanista gangetica, Gray, /.c. 223. Hab. India,
Ganges.

2. Platanista Indi, Gray, /. c. 224.
Indus.

Hab. India,

Suborder V. DELPHINOIDEA,

Nostrils two, united into a single central transverse or
crescentic blower on the back of the crown. Teeth
in both jaws, permanent. Pectoral fin lanceolate.
Head beaked. Dorsal fin faleate or wanting. Skull—
maxillary bone spread out over the orbit.

Family VIII. INIIDA, Gray, 1. c. 62, 226.

Fluviatile. Head beaked; beak bristly. Teeth in the jaws
rugulose, crowns with an internal lobe; permanent.
Back keeled behind, without any dorsal fin. Skull—
jaw compressed; symphysis of lower jaw elongate,
overlooking the front of the blower. Mr. Flower
places this genus with Platanistide.

I. Intra, Gray, l. c. 226; Flower, 1. c. 1.

1. Inia Geoffroyii, Gray, /. c. 226, 393; Flower, Trans.
Zool. Soc. vi. 87, t. 25, 26, 27 (skeleton). D. amazonicus,
Spiz. Hab. Brazil, River Amazons.

Family IX. DELPHINIDA, Gray, 1. c. 230, 393.

Head beaked. ‘Teeth in both jaws, conical or compressed,
permanent, without any internal lobe, occupying

nearly the whole length of the jaws. Back rounded,
with a faleate dorsal fin, rarely absent. Skull with
the maxilla expanded over the orbit, and more or less
turned up on the edges.

1. Pectoral fin elongate, falcate (except in Sotalia), acute
at the end; hand as long as the arm-bones ; forearm-
bones close together, only separated by a straight line.
Carpal bones moderate, 5 or 7.

Tribe I. STENONINA.

Head beaked. Beak of the skull elongate, slender, com-
pressed. Nasal triangle short. Symphysis of the lower
jaw elongate. Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 212.

I. Ponrorortia, Gray, J. c. 230, 231, 398, 1846.
(Stenodelphis, Gervais, 1847.)

Beak of the skull high, compressed. Symphysis of the
lower jaw very Jong. Dorsal fin ? Blowhole ?

1. Pontoporia Blainvillii (T. 29, skull), Gray, I. c.
231; Flower, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. 106, t.18 (skull). Hab.
South Atlantic, Monte Video.

Il. Steno, Gray, l. c. 230, 232, 393, 394.

Beak of the skull compressed, higher than broad. Sym-
physis of the lower jaw long. Marine and fluviatile.

a. Skull large, solid, the beak compressed, high. Teeth
large, conical, about two in an inch of the length of the
margin of the jaw.

1. Steno frontatus, Gray, /.c. 233.n.3. Beak of the
skull short ; the front part thick, high, and blunt. Teeth
24.24, large, twoin an inch. Had. Indian Ocean.

2. Steno compressus (T. 27), Gray, l. c. 233. n. 4.
Beak of the skull elongate, compressed, attenuated in front.
Teeth 26.26, large, two in an inch (Zool. E. & T. t. 27).
Hab. South Sea.

Steno rostratus appears to belong to this section.

b. Skull small, rather spongy. Teeth small, slender, at-
tenuated, about four or five in an inch of the length of
the margin of the jaw.

* Beak of the skull elongate, compressed, much attenuated
and acute in front. Teeth four in an inch. Sousa.

3. Steno capensis, Gray, J. c. 394. n. 4*. Hab. Cape

of Good Hope.

4, Steno lentiginosus, Gray, /. c. 394. n. 4**; Owen,
Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. t. 5. £.2, 3. Hab. India (W. Elliot).
Skull, B. M.

The skull of Steno roseiventris, according to the figure,
appears to belong to this section of the genus.

or

** Beak of the skull short, compressed, much attenuated
and acute in front. Teeth five in an inch. Tucuxa.

5. Steno tucuxi, Gray, /. c. 237, 394. Hab. Brazil,
River Amazons, 1500 miles from the sea (Bates).

See also S.? fluviatilis and S.? pallidus, Gray, 1. ¢. 237 ;
same locality, if distinct.

*** Beak of the skull elongate, rather depressed, broad,
slightly compressed on the sides. Teeth small, five in
an inch. Stenella.

6. Steno attenuatus (T. 28), Gray, /.c. 235,394. The
beak of the skull flattened (Zool. HE. & T. t. 28). Hab.
India.

This last section is nearly intermediate between Steno
and Clymenia.

Steno fuscus (T. 26. f. 1), only known from a feetus
in spirits.
Tribe II. DELPHININA.

Head beaked. Beak of the skull elongate, depressed, broad,
shelving on the sides. Nasal triangle short. Symphysis
of the lower jaw short, sloping.

a. Palate with a deep groove on each side behind.
I. Dexteuinus, Gray, l. c. 230, 3938.

Beak elongate. Dorsal fin distinct. Teeth small,
slender, five or sixin an inch. (Fetus and tongue figured,

T. 26. f. 2)
* Beak of skull twice as long as the brain-case. Teeth
35 OF By
1. Delphinus longirostris, Gray, /.c.241.n.2. Hab.

Southern Ocean, Cape of Good Hope, Japan, Malabar.

** Beak of skull once and a half the length of the brain-
case.

2. Delphinus delphis, Gray, /. c. 242. n. 3, 395.

Black, sides grey, beneath white. Hab. North Sea, North
Atlantic, Mediterranean.

3. Delphinus Moorei, Gray, /. c. 396, fig. 99. Hab.
South Atlantic.

4, Delphinus major, Gray, /. c. 396. Hab. ——?

5. Delphinus Walkeri, Gray, /. c.397,fig.100. Hab.
South Atlantic.

6. Delphinus Janira (T. 23), Gray, 1. c. 245, 398; Zool.
E. & T. t. 23. Hab. Newfoundland.

7. Delphinus pomeegra, Qwen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi.
t. 6. f. 3, t. 8. Hab. India (W. Elliot). Skull, B. M.

8. Delphinus Forsteri (T. 24), copied from Forster’s
drawing; the skull not known.

b. Palate flat behind, without any lateral grooves.

IJ. CuyMEntraA.
Clymene, Gray, 1. c. 249; P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 237, 1866, p. 214.

Beak of skull elongate, depressed. Teeth small, slender.
Nasal triangle moderate. Dorsal fin distinct. Pectoral
fin faleate; hand larger than the forearm-bones. Skull
elongate, slender; brain-case spherical ; beak slender, elon-
gate, longer than the brain-case ; intermaxillaries convex.
Teeth small, slender, five or six in an inch. The symphy-
sis of the lower jaw short. The blowers are moderate.

* Beak of the skull twice as long as the brain-case. Teeth

five in an inch. Micropia.

1. Clymenia stenorhyncha, Gray, P.Z.S. 1866,p. 214.
Delphinus stenorhynchus, Gray, /. c. 396. n.1*, D. mi-
crops, Gray, 1. c. 240.

** Beak of the skull once and three-quarters the length of
the brain-cavity. Teeth six in an inch. Euphrosyne.

2. Clymenia microps, Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 214. D.
microps, Gray, l. c. 240, 895; Zool. E. & T. t. 25. Hab.
Coast of Brazil.

3. Clymenia Alope (T.32), Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 214.
D. Alope, Gray, J. c. 252, 399. Hab. Cape Horn.

4. Clymenia Euphrosyne (T. 22, 31), Gray, P. Z. 8.
1866, p. 214. D. Euphrosyne, Gray, /. c. 251; Zool.
E. & T. t. 22. Hab. North Sea.

4*, Clymenia Styx (Tab. 21). D. Styx, Gray, /. c.
250. Hab. West Africa.

**% Beak of the skull once a half the length of the brain-
case. Teeth large, four in an inch. Gudamu.

Delphinus gudamu, Owen,

5. Clymenia gudamu.
Hab.

Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. t. 3 (animal), t. 4 (skull).
India (W. Elliot). Two skulls, B. M.

See Delphinus pomeegra, Elliot, Journ. Asiat. Soc. xvii.
250, xxviii. 491.

*X** Beak of the skull once and one-half or once and one-
third the length of the brain-case. Teeth five or six
in an inch. Clymenia.

6. Clymenia normalis. Beak of the skull once and
one-half the length of the brain-case, and as long as
twice and one-half the width at the notch. Teeth 40,
nearly six in an inch. Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p.214. Del-
phinus Clymene, Gray, /. c. 249.

7. Clymenia Doris (T. 20). Beak of the skull once and
one-half the length of the brain-case, and as long as twice
and a half the width at the notch. Teeth five im an inch.
Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 214. Tursio Doris, Gray, J. c.
255; Zool. E. & T. t. 20

8. Clymenia euphrosynoides. Delphinus Euphrosyne,
Gray (T. 31, skull); Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. t. 8. f.5.

9. Clymenia dorides. Beak of the skull once and
one-third the length of the brain-case, and as long as
twice and one-third the width at the notch. Teeth five
in aninch. Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 215. Tursio dorides,
Gray, l. c. 400. Hab, ——?

10. Clymenia obscura (T. 16, skull). Beak of the
skull once and one-sixth the length of the brain-case, and
as long as twice and one-half the width at the notch.
Teeth five or six in an inch. The aperture of the blower
large. Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 215; 1868, fig. Tursio
obscurus, Gray, 1. c. 264, 400; Zool. H. & T.t. 16. Hab.
South Pacific.

11. Clymenia similis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1868, fig.
Skull lke C. odscura, but palate contracted behind; side
of pterygoid bone keeled. Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

III. Sorauta, Gray, /. c. 393, 401.

Dorsal fin distinct. Beak depressed, rather longer than
the brain-cavity. Teeth slender, conical. Palate flat
behind. Pectoral fin ovate, obliquely truncated at the
end; hand shorter than the arm-bones. Carpal bones
small.

1. Sotalia guianensis, Gray, /.c. 401. Tursio guia-
nensis, Gray, l. c. 257. Hab. British Guiana.

IV. DetpeHinarPrervs, Gray, 1. c. 276.

Beak of skull elongate, depressed. Teeth small, slender.
Dorsal fin none. Bladebone very broad, nearly semi-
circular.

1. Delphinapterus Peronii (T. 15, animal), Gray, /. c.
276. Had. South Atlantic, New Guinea.

V. Tursio, Gray, 1. c. 254, 406; P. Z. S. 1866, p. 215.

Beak of the skull only rather longer than the brain-case,
conical, convex above, rounded. Teeth large. Skull high.
The skull large, thick, heavy, with a high swollen brain-
cavity. The beak longer than the brain-case, broad, coni-
cal, stout, shelving on the sides. Teeth large, = or=. The
blower large. Nasal triangle produced considerably before
the notch.

1. Tursio truncatus, Gray, /. c. 258, 406.no.6; P.Z.S.
1866, p. 215. D. tursio, T. 10. f. 1. Hab. North Sea
and Mediterranean.

2. Tursio Metis (T. 18), Gray, l. c. 256. no. 3; Zool.
E. & T.t.18; P. Z. 8. 1866, p. 215. Hab. ?

3. Tursio Cymodoce (T. 19), Gray, /. c. 257. no. 4;
Zool. E. & T.t. 19; P. Z. S. 1866, p.215. Hab. ?

4. Tursio Eurynome (T. 17), Gray, /. c. 261. no. 8;
Zool. E. & T. t.17; P. Z.S. 1866, p. 215. Had. South
Sea, India?, Bay of Bengal.

5. Tursio catalania, Gray, /. c. 262. no. 10; P. Z.S.
1866, p. 215. Hab. North-west coast of Australia.
These skulls are all very much alike.

VI. Eurroptia, Gray, J. c. 262; P. Z. S. 1866, p. 215.

Beak of the skull only rather longer than the brain-case.
Skull depressed, thick, with the sides rather bent down
behind the notch. The beak depressed, broad, rounded on
the sides, rather longer than the length of the brain-case ;
the intermaxillaries flat, rather broad. Teeth small, slen-
der, five or six in an inch.

The skull bears a considerable affinity to the skulls of
Phocena, Neomeris, Beluga, and Monodon in the bending
down of the sides.

1. Eutropia Dickiei (T.34), Gray, P. Z.S. 1866, p. 215.
Tursio Eutropia, Gray, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 145; 1. c. 262.
no.9. Hab. South Pacific Ocean, Chili.

2. Eutropia Heavisidii, Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 215.
Tursio Heavisidu, Gray, 1. c. 263. Hab. From the Cape
Seas.

The D. cephalorhynchus of ¥. Cuvier, judging from the
figure of the skull given by Schlegel, appears also to belong
to this genus.

See Stigmatias (Amblyodon), Cope, Proc. Acad. N. S.
Philad. 1866, p. 294.

VII. Orcar ua, Gray, l. c. 285.

Animal ? Dorsal fin ? Pectoral fin ——?
Skull :—brain-case subglobular; beak very short, two-
thirds the length of brain-case, tapering, flat above. In-

termaxillary half as wide aS beak. Teeth small, conical,
17.17
14.14"

1. Orcaella brevirostris, Gray, /. c. 285. Phocena
brevirostris, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. t.9. Hab. In-
dian Ocean.

Tribe II. LAGENORHYNCHINA.

Head attenuated, beaked. Beak of the skull as long as
the length of the brain-case, broad, flat above; edges
slightly reflexed and bent up in front of the notch.
Nasal triangle elongate. Symphysis of the lower jaw
short. Lagenorhynchus, Gray, l. c. 267.

I. Evecrra, Gray, l. c. 267.

The beak of the skull very flat above, with the edges in
front of the notches bent up. Teeth-line stopping con-
siderably short of the notch.

* Beak of the skull rather longer (about one-third) than the
length of the brain-case. Teeth moderate, four in an
inch, those in the lower jaw rather larger.

1. Electra obtusa. Lagenorhynchus Electra (T. 13,
skull), Gray, 1. c. 268; P. Z. S. 1866, p. 216; Zool.
E.& T.t.13. Beak tapering, rounded in front. Had.

°

2. Electra Asia (T. 14, skull). Lagenorhynchus Asia,
Gray, 1. c. 269. no. 3; Zool. E. & T.t. 14. Beak attenu-
ated, acute in front. Hab. ——?

3. Electra fusiformis. Delphinus fusiformis, Owen,
Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. t. 5. f. 1, t. 7 (skull). Beak broad,
and rounded in front. Hab. India (W. Elliot). B.M.

4. Electra acuta. lLagenorhynchus acutus, Gray, /. c.
269. no. 4, according to Schlegel’s figure of the skull,
should be arranged in this section. Hab. North Sea.

** Beak of the skull rather shorter than the length of the
brain-cavity. Teeth small, five or six in an inch.

5. Electra clancula (T. 35). Lagenorhynchus clan-
culus, Gray, l. c. 271, 272, 275. Beak af the skull broad
behind, once and three-fourths the width of the notch in
length. Teeth five in an inch. Had. South Pacific Ocean.

6. Electra thicolea (I'.36). Lagenorhynchus thicolea,
Gray, l. c. 271. no. 7. Beak of the skull narrow behind,
twice as long as the width at the notch. Teeth small, six
inaninch. Hab. Westcoast of North America.

IJ. Luvcorzevurvus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 216.

Beak of the skull rather flat above and elongate, bent
up on the edge in front of the notch, narrow behind, as
long as, or slightly longer than, the length of the brain-case.
Teeth-line reaching nearly to the notch. Teeth small, five
im aninch, First and second cervical vertebre united by
their bodies, third and fourth by the spinous processes.

1. Leucopleurus arcticus (I. 6. f. 3, 5, foetus; T. 12.
skull; T. 26. f.3, tongue). Lagenorhynchus leucopleurus,
Gray, l. c. 273. no. 9. Beak of the skull twice as long as
the width at the notch. Teeth small, five in an inch.
Hab. North Sea.

Ill. Lacenorayncuus, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1866, p. 216;

NS
Beak of the skull rather flat aboye, bent up on the edges
c

in front of the notch, deep, broad behind; rather shorter
than the length of the brain-case. Teeth-line reaching
nearly to the notch, large, three in an inch. First and
second cervical vertebre united by their bodies; the third,
fourth, fifth, six, and seventh free.

1. Lagenorhynchus albirostris (T. 10. f. 2, T. 11,
skull), Gray, l. c. 272. no. 8. The beak of the skull once
and one-half as long as the width at the notch. Had.
North Sea, Yarmouth.

Tribe IV. PHOCZAININA.,

Head rounded in front, scarcely beaked. Beak of skull
depressed, broad, scarcely so long as the brain-cayity.

* Lateral wing of the maxilla horizontally produced over
the orbits. Dorsal distinct. Teeth conical.

I. Pseuporca.

Triangle in front of the blowers flat. Teeth large, coni-
cal, acute, permanent.

1. Pseudorca crassidens, Gray, /.c.290.no.1. Hab.

North Sea.

2. Pseudorca meridionalis, Gray, /. c. 291. no. 2,
figs. 58, 59. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

** Lateral wing of the maxilla shelving down over the
orbit. Triangle in front of the blower convex. Teeth
compressed.

II. Puocana, Gray, l. c. 301.

Dorsal fin distinct, in the middle of the back, with a
series of small spines on the upper part of its front edge.
Teeth all compressed, truncate.

1. Phoczna communis, Gray, /. c. 302. Var.? Pho-
cena tuberculifera, Gray, /. c. 304. Hab. North Sea.

III. Acanruove puis, Gray, l. c. 304.

Dorsal fin distinct, rather behind the middle of the back.
Back in front of the dorsal fin with a single, and the upper
part of the front edge of the dorsal fin with three, series of
oblong keeled tubercles. Teeth compressed, front one ra-
ther conical.

1. Acanthodelphis spinipennis, Gray,/.c.304. Had.
Coast of Brazil.

VII. Nromenrts, Gray, l. c. 306.

Dorsal fin none,

1. Neomeris phoczenoides, Gray, /. c. 306. Had.
Indian Ocean, Bengal, Cape of Good Hope, Japan. “ Del-
phinus molagan,” Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. 24, a name
given to a manuscript note of Mr. Elhot’s!

2. Pectoral fin large, broad, rounded at the end; hand
shorter than the arm-bones ; carpal bones single, immersed
in a large cartilage. Phalanges of the index-finger eight.

Tribe V. ORCADINA.
I. Orca, Gray, l. c. 278.

Head rounded, scarcely beaked. Dorsal fin falcate.
Skull heavy; rings of side expanded; beak short, broad ;
triangle in front of the blowers flat ; teeth large.

* Beak broad, oblong ; intermazillaries half as broad as
beak. Lower jaw narrow in front. Orca.

1. Orea gladiator, Gray, /. c.279. Hab. North Sea.

2. Orca intermedia (T. 8, skull), Gray, /. ¢. 283.
ih,

3. Orca magellanica, Burmeister, Ann. & Mag. N. H.
xvill. 10], t. 9. f. 5. Hab. Buenos Ayres.

See O. destructor, Cope, Proc. Acad. N.S. Philad. 1866,
p- 293. Peru.

** Beak oblong, trigonal ; intermazillaries narrow, not half
as wide as beak. Lower jaw thick in front. Ophysia.

4. Orca capensis (T. 9, skull), Gray, /. c. 283. Hab.
Southern Ocean, Cape of Good Hope.

Family X. GLOBIOCEPHALIDA, Gray, 1. c. 62, 3138.

Head blunt, very much swollen. Teeth in the front part of
both jaws, cylindrical, simple. Dorsal fin falcate.
Pectoral fin low down on the sides of the body ; fin-
gers elongate, many-jointed.

I. GrosiocePuatus, Gray, l.c. 313.

Skull—palate flat; beak rather tapering in front; first
to sixth cervical vertebree anchylosed into one mass.

* Black, with a white streak beneath.
1. Globiocephalus svineval, Gray, /. c. 314. _ Pilot
Whale. Hab. North Sea, coast of England.
See 1. Globiocephalus Edwards, Gray,l.c. 320. Hab.
Capeot Good Hope; coloured exactly like that of North Sea.

2. Globiocephalus Grayii, Burmeister, Ann. & Mag. N. H.
1868, p. 52, t. 2. f. 2,3. Hab. Buenos Ayres.

** Black, or only slightly paler beneath.

2. Globiocephalus macrorhynchus, Gray, /. c. 320.
Hah, South Seas.

See 1. Globiocephalus indicus, Gray, 1. c. 322. Hab.
Bay of Bengal. 2. Globiocephalus Sieboldu, Gray, J. ¢.
323. Hab. Japan.

Il. Sep #rRocerPuHatus, Gray, l. c. 323.

Palate of the skull convex, shelving on the sides. Beak
oblong, of nearly the same width the greater part of its
height.

1. Sphzrocephalus incrassatus, Gray, /. c. 324
(figures). Hab. British Channel, Bridport.

Family XI. BELUGIDA.

Head rounded in front (or very shortly beaked). Teeth
in both jaws more or less early deciduous, rarely
wanting, or, rather, not developed. Back sometimes
with a compressed dorsal fin, often wanting. Skull
with the lateral expansion of the maxilla over the
orbit, and the side of the beak shelving downwards.

* Dorsal fin distinct. Pectoral fin subelongate.

I. Gramevs, Gray, /. c. 230, 295, 393.

Skull lateral; wings of the maxilla over the orbit hori-
zontal. Intermaxilla broad; triangle in front of the
blowers convex. Teeth conical; upper early deciduous.
Pectoral fin ovate, faleate. Cervical vertebrze anchylosed.

+ Triangle in front of the blowers elongate, produced in
front over ihe vomer.

1. Grampus Cuvieri, Gray, /. c. 295 (figure). Hab.
North Sea, Hampshire.
+t Triangle in front of the blower short, broad.
2. Grampus Richardsonii, Gray, /. c. 299. Hab.
Cape of Good Hope.

*%* Dorsal fin none. Pectoral fin ovate, small.

IJ. Betvea, Gray, l. c. 232, 306, 393.

Lateral wing of the maxilla over the orbit shelving
downward. Teeth conical in both jaws, early deciduous.
Male without any spiral hornlike tooth.

1. Beluga catodon (Tab. 29. f. 3, tongue), Gray, 1. c.
307, fig 61. Delphinus canadensis, T. 5, head false, with
beak. Hab. North Sea, mouths of rivers.

2. Beluga Kingii (T. 7), Gray, l. c. 309. Hab. Aus-
tralia.

III. Monopon, Gray, 1. c. 231, 310, 398.

Lateral expansion over the orbit shelving down. Teeth
in both jaws very early deciduous. Male with one, rarely
two, very long, projecting, spiral tusks in the left side of
the upper jaw. Cervical vertebrae—first free, thin; second
and third united by the spinal processes.

1. Monodon monoceros, Gray, /.c.311. Hab. North
Sea.

Suborder VI. ZIPHIOIDEA.
(Ziphiide, Gray, 1. c. 62, 326.)

Head beaked. Nostrils two, united into a single trans-
verse or crescent-like blower on the centre of the back
of the crown. ‘Teeth only in the front or side of the
lower jaw, fitting into pits in the upper one. Dorsal fin
faleate. Pectoral fin ovate, small, low down on the side
of the body ; fingers four- or five-jointed. Cervical yer-
tebrze united into one mass.

Family XII. HYPEROODONTID&.
(Hyperodontina, Gray, 1. c. 327.)

Blower lunate. Beak of the skull with a high crest on
each side above, formed by the elevation of the maxil-
lary bones in front of the blower. Teeth two or four,
in front of the lower jaw, conical. Cervical vertebre
united into one mass.

I. Hyprroopon, Gray, l. c. 327, 328.

Beak of the skull bent downwards; crest of the back of
the beak sharp-edged, above as high as the occiput.

1. Hyperoodon butzkopf (T. 3), Gray, /. c. 330. H.
rostratum, T. 3. Hab. North Sea.

II. Lacrenocervs, Gray, l. c. 827, 336.

Beak of the skull straight, erect at the beak, very large,
flattened, higher than the occiput.

1. Lagenocetus latifrons, Gray, /. c. 339. Hype-
roodon latifrons, T.4. Hab. North Sea.

Family XIII. EPIODONTID®.
(Epiodontina, Gray, 1. c. 327.)

Blower lunate. Skull—beak

?; maxillaries simple,

10

not dilated above; intermaxillaries enlarged behind, I. Berarpivs, Gray, 1. c. 327, 348.
forming a more or less deep cavity round the nostrils. : t ; ’
Teeth two or four in front of the lower jaw, conical or Teeth 4, in the front of the side of the lower jaw, conical,

cylindrical. Cervical vertebrae—first, second, and compressed. Lower jaw gradually tapering in front.

third united into one mass, which is produced and trun-

cated above; rest thin, free. 1. Berardius arnuxi, Gray, /. c. 348 (fig. 70). Had.
New Zealand.

I. Erropon, Gray, l. c. 327, 340.

Skull—vomer simple, small; intermaxillaries elevated,
and forming a moderately deep, well-marked basin round Teeth 2, in the middle of the side of the lower jaw.
the nostrils. Fingers 5; carpal bones 6, phalanges 2, 3, Teeth of the male short, truncated at the end; of female

4, 3,3. Sternal bones separate from front, lanceolate. small, curved. Lower jaw gradually tapering in front.
Vertebrz 42, the 11 front caudal with chevron bone.

Il. Zirurvs, Gray, 1. c. 327.

cree l. Ziphius Sowerbiensis, Gray, /. c. 350. fig. 71
1. Epiodon Desmarestii, Gray, /.c.341. Hab. North (Tab. 5. f. 3, 4, skull). Had. British Channel, Irish Sea.
Sea and Mediterranean.

2. Epiodon cryptodon, Burmeister, Ann. & Mag. N.
H. xvii. 94, t. 5,6; Anat. Mus. Buenos Ayres, t. 15-21.
Hab. Buenos Ayres.

III. Doricuopon, Gray, l. c. 353.

Teeth 2, in the middle of the side of the lower jaw.
Teeth (of male) very long, strap-shaped, produced, arched
obliquely, truncated at the end, with a conical process on

+ =, ¥ 7 .
II. Perroruyneuvus, Gray, l. c. 327, 342. die front ur eke waren

Skull trigonal. Vomer swollen, forming a large, elon-
gated tubercle between the callous intermaxillaries. In- 3
termaxillaries forming a deep basin round the nostrils. l. c. 353 (fig. 72).

1. Dolichodon Layardii. Ziphius Layardii, Gray,
Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

1. Petrorhynchus capensis, Gray, /. c. 346 (figs. 67, "f
68). Ziphius indicus, Van Beneden (fig. 69). Hab. South IV. Diorropon, Gray, /. c. 327, 355.

Pa COU Teeth 2 or 4, conical, in the middle of the side of the

lower jaw. Lower jaw broad behind, suddenly contracted
Family XIV. ZIPHIID®. in front.

(Ziphiina, Gray, l. c. 327, 348.) ; it nie
See, ? : 1. Dioplodon sechellensis (T. 5. f. 4), Gray, l. ec. 355.
Skull beaked. Mazxillaries not dilated above. Intermaxil- Fiinihias Seohellensie T. 6. £1, ~ hall, ) Hob. Seyetelles
laries linear, rather swollen on the sides of the nos- ‘

Mus. Paris.
trils. Teeth on the side of the lower jaw compressed. Pe te

Tnis Synopsis is strictly confined to the species of Whales and Dolphins which I have been able to
examine, compare, and characterize. | Sometimes only small portions of the skeletons of the animals have
come under my examination; but the parts so examined have been carefully compared with similar parts
of the known species and their distinctness proved before they were inserted in the Synopsis. Unfortunately
it is very difficult to obtain even portions of the skeleton of the Cetacea, and one must follow the method
of the paleontologist and establish genera and species on such specimens as one can obtain, waiting for
more perfect material to be obtained; the result of such work has been very satisfactory.

The number of Cetacea will be very much extended; for after establishing the species from the
examination and comparison of the bones, there will have to be described the species that have similar
bones, and yet have very different external characters; and, if we may judge from the species of the
restricted genus Delphinus which have been examined and compared, species so distinguished will be
numerous. More than half of the Plates have appeared in the ‘ Voyage of the Erebus and Terror.’

The student is referred for more details to the catalogue of ‘Seals and Whales in the British Museum,’
8vo, 1866. Consult also Professor Lilljeborg on two subfossil Whales discovered in Sweden, Upsala,
1867, from Nova Acta Roy. Acad. Scien. of Upsala, vol. vi. 1867, and my paper on the ‘* Geographical
Distribution of the Right Whales,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868, ser. 4. i. p, 242.

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DELPHINUS EUPHROSYNE.

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