TRANSFERRED TO YALE MEDICAL LIBRARY V SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF THE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES. BY A. CLAPP, M.D PRESENTED TO THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATE AT ITS SESSION OP MAT, 1852. PHILADELPHIA: T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS. 1852. MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from Open Knowledge Commons and Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library http://www.archive.org/details/synopsisorsystemOOclap A SY NOPSIS; OB. SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF THE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES. BY A. CLAPP, M. D. PRESENTED TO THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, AT ITS SESSION OF MAY, 185*2. PHILADELPHIA: T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS 1852. A SYNOPSIS; OB, SYSTEMATIC (ATA LOG 6 t OF Tin: INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED, FLOWEklNG UTO FILICOBD (EXOGENS, ENDOGKNS, AND ACROGi: MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE UNITED ST. MIS WITH THEIR LOCALITIKS, BOTANICAL AND MEDICAL I; l.l lllir.NCKS, AND A BHQBZ ACCOUNT Ob" TIIKIK MEDICWAL I'Kni'l I: i I E& BEING A REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON Indigenous Medical Botany and Materia Medica for 1850-51. BY A. CLAPP, M. D., CHAIRMAN. ^\ The design of this synopsis is to give a general and compre- hensive view, or systematic catalogue of the phamogauious and filicoid medicinal plants of the United States. Although there are several good local catalogues, there is none that includes all the medicinal plants of this country. And no catalogue, (with two ex- ceptions,) or work on medical hotany, has followed the arrangement of the natural orders adopted by Drs. Torrey and Gray, in their excellent work on American Botany, which is mainly founded on that of Do Candollc ; modified, however, to suit the progress whieh the science of botany has made since the publication of the Tltcvric Blementairc of that distinguished botanist. Dr. Lindlcy, "in his elaborate and valuable work, Tlic Vegetable Kingdom, has employed a method of arrangement widely different from that of his two previous works (The Introduction to the Xatural System of Botany, and the Natural System of Botany), whieh the eminent and accomplished author admits is more artificial on account of the grouping of the orders into alliances, that are founded on a few characters, without much regard, in many instances, to the true 6 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. affinities of the orders, and not unfrequently widely separating those that are most nearly allied. However convenient such an arrange- ment may be for the purpose of determining to what alliance or order an unknown plant belongs, it is peculiarly objectionable in a system of medical botany, as active or medicinal properties are fre- quently found to have a close relation with structural or botanical affinities. This is the system or mode of arrangment (in a reverse order), with a few modifications and changes of some of the names of the alliances, adopted by Dr. Griffith, in his valuable work on medical botany. This is to be regretted, not only on account of often separating nearly related orders, but also because it differs from the works of our ablest and most eminent botanists which are in common use with botanists and the students of botany in this country. Although the termination acese, affixed to the typical genus for the distinctive termination of the name of the order, has been generally adopted by the botanists of the United States ; yet no one except Dr. Griffith has followed Dr. Lindley in changing the old and very appropriate names — as Crueiferse for Brasicacese, Leguminosse for Fabaeese, Labiatee for Apiacese, and Compositse for Asteraceae. These faults, if they may be so called, are mentioned with regret ; but they render that otherwise excellent and elaborate work incon- venient to the student of botany who has been accustomed to works in which a different and more natural system of arrangement is followed. In this synopsis, I have strictly followed the arrangement of the orders, and the genera and species under them, of Dr. Gray's excel- lent Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States. Torrey and Gray's Flora of North America, Torrey's Flora of New York, and Wood's Botanical Class-Book, have mainly the same arrange- ment. Botanical references are given to most of the older and original works on American botany, and to a few later ones in which good detailed descriptions are found ; and all the important synonymes are mentioned, so there can be no doubt as to the identity of the plant. The references may appear to some as needlessly extended ; but to a botanist, they give, at a glance, a kind of history, or rather as it were a genealogy of the species — by whom first named and de- scribed— the principal works in chronological order in which it has since been described, and the changes of name, if any, it has undergone. The claims of priority, and the synonymy of the plants of the R El' OUT 01 MI! DIC A I. HOT A? 7 Northern States, and the Southern us far as the Composite inclu- sive, are now, in almost all eases, accurately determined end For this very important service we arc greatly indebted to the ahle and persevering researches of Ors. Toirey and Gray. Hence the specific names, as far as they are now established, will probably remain hereafter unchanged by any competent and trustworthy botanist. All the common or popular names of plants are mentioned that are believed to be current in any part of the United States ; but, as the same name is frequently given to different plants in different places, and the same plant is known by different names in different sections of the country, they cannot, in many instances, be con- sidered worthy of much confidence in determining what plants they are intended to designate. Many of the names of ltafinesque, some- times sixteen to a plant, are not mentioned, as they would rather perplex than assist in identifying any particular plant. For the localities of plants, I have been mainly indebted to the excellent and very elaborate work of Drs. Torrey and Gray, the Flora of North America, as far as published; to Michaux, Pursh. Elliot, &c, to several local catalogues; and for those of the plants in the vicinity of New Albany, Indiana, to my personal observation. Dr. Gray, in the preface of his Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, observes : " Although I do not formally include Indiana, yet its botany apparently belongs quite as much to our northern district as to the western, that of the upper Mississippi, to which Illinois clearly belongs." New Albany being situated in the southern part of the State, lat. 38° 18', is almost as far south as the middle of the State of Virginia, and is near the boundaries of the northern, southern, and western botanical regions. In giving the localities of plants, vicinity of New Albany denotes the plants found within twenty miles of this place, and on the north side of the Ohio River ; that is, a semicircle of twenty miles radius. "Within the last twenty years, I have collected and determined in this locality upwards of nine hundred species of flowering and filicoid plants, of which three hundred and thirteen have reputed medicinal proper- ties, and are included in this synopsis. Very few medical references are given to foreign works for the medical properties of our strictly indigenous plants, as they gene- rally contain no information that is not derived from American authors cited in this synopsis. On the other hand, better and more particular accounts of the properties of our naturalized plants are 8 EEPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. often found in the works of European authors than in those of this country. I have aimed to give references to all American author- ities, that are entitled to any confidence, that I have had access to, yet I have reason to suspect that some valuable articles and notices, especially in the numerous medical periodicals, have not come to my knowledge, or have been overlooked. The references are, as far as possible, arranged in chronological order, or in the order of the dates of the editions of the works cited. No plants are included in this catalogue that are not indigenous or naturalized in some parts of the United States, or that have not at least some reputed medical virtues. Others, however valuable they may be on account of their economical uses, are wholly ex- cluded. Yet it will be seen that some have been admitted on very slight if not doubtful medical testimony. It has, however, in most instances, been deemed better to state the little that is known or reported of their properties, than to omit them entirely. Rafinesque, an ingenious but injudicious botanist (who created many new species out of the slightest variations of plants, which have not received the sanction of other botanists), was not a physician, and is not entitled to much confidence in regard to the properties of plants, when un- supported by other authorities ; yet, as his account of them in his Medical Flora was mostly compiled from preceding writers — mostly from Schoepf, Thacher, Bigelow, Ives, and the two Bartons — it is, therefore, worthy of more credit than it could otherwise claim. Notwithstanding its extent, nearly two hundred species of North American plants found in catalogues and works on medical botany have not been included in this synopsis. Some of them are valuable only on account of their economical uses, and the knowledge of the properties of the others is extremely vague and questionable. The total number of plants contained in this catalogue is five hundred and fifty-six, of which ' four hundred and seventy-six are indigenous ; a few of them are also indigenous in other parts of the world. Eighty species are naturalized or introduced plants, most of them from Europe. A comparison of the number of plants of this synopsis, and those in the vicinity of New Albany, with the two valuable catalogues of New York and South Carolina (the former by Dr. C. A. Lee, and the latter by Dr. F. P. Porcher) leads to the following results : — The total number of indigenous and naturalized plants con- tained in this synopsis ....... 556 REPORT ON MKMCAL BOTAWY. The Dumber of the e growing in the ricinity of 818 The number of plant - in Dr. I. Plant* of Nr in fork (omitting :i few that are rather l nomioal than medicinal) ....... Plants of Dr. Loe'a Catalogue found in the vicinity of New Albany (nearly two-thirds) . . . . . . __ Total number of plants of South Carolina in Dr. Porefo Catalogue . . . . . . . . .464 Of which arc cultivated exotics or non-medicinal Indigenous and naturalized medicinal plants of South Caro- lina 400 Medicinal plants of Dr. Porcher's Catalogue growing in the vicinity of New Albany (nearly three-fifths) 2 The number of North American medicinal plants described or noticed in Dr. Griffith's Medical Botany . . . 300 My own experience of the medical properties of our indigenous plants has been limited to a few ; and, excepting those that are in common use, such as Spigelia, Serpentaria, &c, I have had the most acquaintance with the Cimicifuga racemosa, Sanguinaria canadensis, Cerasus serotina (Prunus Virginiana, U. S. Pharm.), Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lobelia inflata, and Asclepias tuberosa. The brief statements of the medicinal properties of plants, it will be seen, are frequently meagre and unsatisfactory ; which, in most instances, is to be attributed to the scanty and imperfect data from which they are derived. However, some of the virtues ascribed to certain plants, especially by the older writers, have been omitted, such as the antiquated notion of the vulnerary powers of many plants as external applications to fresh wounds, and many of the thousand reputed antidotes to the poison of the bites of venomous serpents, &c. The dose and mode of administration are given whenever any authority is found for them. But not unfrequently when the mode of administration is mentioned, the dose is not stated, or left very indefinite. The discrepancy of opinion, of competent and honest observers, of the medical virtues of the same plant, is difficult to explain in any other way than that the article employed differs in strength from age, the place of its growth, time of collection, mode of preservation, fresh or dried, &c, or from the dose and mode of administration not being the same. 10 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Although it may be truly affirmed that our vegetable materia medica does not need any increase of the number of its articles, and that retrenchment rather than addition is required, yet "how are we to know what plants are the most proper for the purposes of medicine, until we shall have examined the properties of a great body of vegetables ?" (B. S. Bart.) And, as Dr. Bigelow observes : " It is a subject of some curiosity to consider, if the knowledge of the present materia medica were by any means to be lost, how many of the same articles would again rise into notice and use." Doubtless many of our present remedial agents, and some of the best of them, would not soon be reinstated, while many now un- known, or little appreciated, might take their places. It is com- paratively a short time since the properties of the Peruvian bark became known, and only about thirty years since its active principle, quinine, was discovered and separated from it. May we not hope, in the multitude of plants now known — exceeding ninety thousand species — to find some substitute for it, and discover many other valuable medicinal agents now unknown ? In conclusion, I have to state that this synopsis, imperfect as it is, has required much more labour than was anticipated. It was commenced under the conviction that such a catalogue would be convenient and useful to the students of our indigenous medical botany, as a guide to the principal sources of information in this interesting and too much neglected department of medicine ; and should it in any degree answer that purpose, I shall feel amply com- pensated for the trouble of preparing it. A List of the principal Botanical Works cited in this Synopsis, in chronological order. L. or Linn. Sp. — Carolus Linnaeus Species Plantarum, &c, 1753 ; 2d edition, 1762-63. Willd. Sp. — C. Linn. Species Plantarum, by "Willdenow, 5 vols. 1797-1810. Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. — Flora Boreali Americana, &c, by Andreas Michaux, Paris, 1803. Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. — Flora Americanae Septentrionalis, &c, by Frederick Pursh, London, 1814. Nutt. Gen. — Genera of North American Plants, and a Catalogue of the Species to 1817, by Thomas Nuttall, 2 vols. Philada. 1818. Michx. F. Sylv. — The North American Sylva, or a Description of REPORT OH Al Kit HA J. IIOTANY. 11 the Forest Trees of the United Sfeal tada, and Noi B by K. Andreas Michaux, 2 vols. 1819. Ell. Sk. — A Sketch of the Botany of South CaroMna and GUorgia, by Stephen Elliott, 1st vol. 1821—2.1 vol. 1>J1. Bart. Fl. N. A. — A Flora of North America, illustrated by coloured figures, by Wm. P. C. Barton, 3 vols, quarto, 1821-24. Big. Fl. Bost. — Florula Bostoniensis, a Collection of Plants of I ton and its Vicinity, by Jacob Bigclow, M. D., 2d edition, 1 824. De C. or De Cand. Prod. — Prodromus Systeraatis Natural^ Regai Vegetabilis, &c, Auctore Aug. Pyramo De Candolle, 1824- 1851, 12 vols. Not yet complete. Torr. Comp. — A Compendium of the Flora of the Northern and Middle States, by John Torrey, M. D., 1826. Loud. Encyc. PI. — An Encyclopedia of Plants, &c, edited by J. C. Louden, F.L.S., London, 1829. Hook. Fl. B. Am. — Flora Boreali Americana, or Botany of the Northern Parts of British America, by Sir William Jackson Hooker, M. D., 2 vols, quarto, 1829-1840. Lind. Introd. — Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, by John Lindley, F. R. S., American edition, with Notes and an Ap- pendix, by John Torrey, M. D., 1831. Ridd. Synop. — A Synopsis of the Flora of the Western States, by John L. Riddell, A. M., 1835. Supplement 1836. Lind. Nat. Syst. — A Natural System of Botany, by John Lindley, Ph. D., F. R. S., &c, London, 1836. (A second edition of his Introduction, with many alterations.) Darl. Fl. Cest. — Flora Ccstrica, or Tlants of Chester County, Ta., by Wm. Darlington, M. D., 2d edition, 1837. Torr. and Gr. — Flora of North America, by John Torrey and Asa Gray, as far as the Composite inclusive, 1838-1842. Eat. Man. — North American Botany of Native and Common Cul- tivated Plants, by Amos Eaton and John Wright, M. D., 1840. Torr. Fl. N. Y.— A Flora of the State of New York, &c, by John Torrey, M. D., F. L. S., 2 vols. 4to., 1843. Lind. Veg. King. — The Vegetable Kingdom, or the Structure, Classification, and Uses of Plants, by John Lindley, Ph. D., fee., 2d edition, London, 1847. Wood's Class-Book. — A Class-Book of Botany, with a Flora of the Northern, Middle, and Western States, by Alphonso Wood, A.M.. 2d edition, 1847. 12 KEP0RT ON MEDICAL BOTANY, Beck's Bot. — Botany of the United States, north of Virginia, by Lewis C. Beck, M.D., 2d edition, 1848. Gray's Man. — A Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, by Asa Gray, M. D., 1848. Gray's Gen. Illust. — Genera Florae Americse Boreali Orientalis Illustrata. The Genera of the Plants of the United States, illus- trated by Isaac Sprague, with descriptions by Asa Gray, M. D., 2 vols., 1849. (To be continued.) Gray's Bot. Text-Book. — The Botanical Text-Book, an Introduc- tion to Scientific Botany, by Asa Gray, M. D., 3d edition, 1850. A List of Local Catalogues. Catalogue of the Native Phgenogamous Plants and Ferns of Ken- tucky, by C. W. Short, M. D., 1833, and four supplements. Catalogue of Plants, Native and Naturalized, in the Vicinity of Newbern, N. C, by H. B. Croom, A. M., 1837. A Catalogue of Plants, Native and Naturalized, in the Vicinity of Columbus, Ohio, by W. S. Sullivant, 1840. Florula Lancastriensis, comprising nearly all the Flowering and Filicoid Plants growing naturally within the limits of Fairfield County, Ohio, with Notes of such as are Medicinal, by Dr. J. M. Bigelow, 1841. Catalogue of Plants, Native and Naturalized, collected in the Vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, during the years 1834-1844, by Thomas G. Lea. A List of the Plants growing Spontaneously in the Vicinity of Quincy, Florida, by A. W. Chapman, M. D., 1845. Plants of Wisconsin, by J. A. Lapham, Proceedings of the Ame- rican Association for the Advancement of Science, 1850. List of the principal Medical Authorities referred to in this Synopsis. Schcepf, Mat. Med. — Materia Medica Americana Potissimum Regni Vegetabilis, Erlang, 1787. Bart. Coll. — Collections for an Essay towards a Materia Medica of the United States, in two parts, by Benjamin Smith Barton, M. D., 3d edition, with additions, Philada. 1810. Cullen, Mat. Med. — A Treatise on the Materia Medica, by Wm. Cullen, M. D., 3d American edition, 1808. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 13 Thach. Dis. — The American New Dispensatory, by James Thacher, M. D., 2d edition, 1813. Drake, Pict. Cin. — Natural and Statistical View, or Picture of Cin- cinnati and the Miami Country, by Daniel Drake, M. D. (This work contains the earliest Catalogue of Western Medical Plants.) Big. Med. Bot. — American Medical Botany, being a Collection of the Native Medicinal Plants of the United States, with coloured engravings, by Jacob Bigelow, M. D., 3 vols. 1817-1820. Big. Seq. — A Treatise on the Materia Medica, intended as a Sequel to the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, by Jacob Bigelow, M. D., 1822. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. — Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States, &c, with coloured engravings, by Wm. P. C. Barton, M. D., 2 vols. 4to., 2d edition, 1825. Chap. Therap. — Elements of Therapeutics and Materia Medica, by N. Chapman, M. D., 2 vols., 4th edition, 1825. Paris's Pharm. — Pharmacologia, by J. A. Paris, M. D., &c, 3d Ame- rican from the 6th London edition, with Notes and Additions, 1825. Ains. Mat. Ind. — Materia Indica, or some Account of those Articles which are employed by the Hindoos, &c, in their Medicine, Arts, and Agriculture, by Whitlow Ainslie, M. D., 2 vols., London, 1826. Coxe, Am. Dis. — The American Dispensatory, &c, by John Red- man Coxe, 7th edition, 1827. Raf. Med. Fl.— Medical Flora, or Manual of the Medical Botany of the United States, with plates, by C. S. Rafinesque, A.M., Ph. D., 1st vol. 1828— 2d vol. 1830. Edw. and Vavas. — A Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacy, by H. M. Edwards, M. D., and P. Vavaseur, M. D. Translated by I. Togno and E. Durand, 1829. Merat andDe Lens. — Dictionnaire Universel de Matiere Me'dicale, et de Therapeutique Ge'nerale, par F. V. Merat et A. J. De Lens, 6 vols., Paris, 1829-1834; vol. 7 supp. 1846. Eberle, Mat. Med. — A Treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeu- tics, by John Eberle, M. D., 2 vols., 4th edition, 1834. Lind. Fl. Med. — Flora Medica, or Botanical Account of all the more important Plants used in Medicine, &c, by John Lindley, Ph. D., F. R. S., London, 1838. Per. Mat. Med. — The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeu- 3 14 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. tics, by Jonathan Pereira, M.D., F.R. S., 1st American from the 2d London edition, 2 vols., with Notes and Additions, by Joseph Carson, M. D., 1843. Royle, Mat. Med. — Materia Medica and Therapeutics, &c, by J. Forbes Royle, M. D., F.R.S., edited by Joseph Carson, M. D., 1847. Lind. Veg. King. — The Vegetable Kingdom, or the Structure, Classification, and Uses of Plants, by John Lindley, Ph. D., &c, 2d edition, London, 1847. Griff. Med. Bot. — Medical Botany, or Description of the more Im- portant Plants used in Medicine, &c, by R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M.D., 1847. Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y.— A Catalogue of the Medicinal Plants, Indigenous and Exotic, growing in the State of New York, with a Brief Account of their Composition and Medical Properties, by Charles A. Lee, M. D., 1848. N. S. Davis, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. — Report of the Committee on Indigenous Medical Botany, by N. S. Davis, M. D., Chairman, Transactions of the American Medical Association, vol. I. p. 301, 1848— vol. II. p. 663, 1849. Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. — Report on the Indigenous Me- dicinal Plants of South Carolina, by Francis P. Porcher, M. D., Transactions of the Am. Med. Assoc, vol. II. p. 677, 1849. Williams, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. — Report on the Indigenous Me- dical Botany of Massachusetts, by Stephen W. Williams, M. D., Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, vol. II. p. 863. Ives, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc — Report on the Virtues of certain Plants, by Eli Ives, M. D., Chairman of the Committee on Indi- genous Medical Botany, 1849-50, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, vol. III. p. 311. J. M. Big. List Med. PI. Ohio.— List of the Medicinal Plants of Ohio not embraced in Wood and Bache's U. S. Dispensatory, contain- ing, as far as known, a Brief Account of their Properties, 1849. U. S. Dis. — The Dispensatory of the United States, by George B. Wood, M. D., and Franklin Bache, M. D., 8th edition, 1849. Dung. Therap. — General Therapeutics and Materia Medica, by Rob- ley Dunglison, M. D., 2 vols., 4th edition, 1850. Mitch. Therap.— Materia Medica and Therapeutics, by Thomas D. Mitchell, M. D., 1850. BOP OBI OS MHDIOAL BOl 15 Lint of the Medical Periodicals thai have been examint I valual>l<' Jownah have not been accesnil Am. Med. Rec. — The American Medical Recorder, Philadelphia, vols., L818-1829 inclusive* Am. Jour. Mod. Sci. — The American Journal of Medical 8 Philada., 26 vols. 1*27-1840. New Series, L841-1850, 2 Am. Jour. Pharm. — The American Journal of Pharmacy, Phils 1830-1850. West. Jour. Med. and Phys. Sci. — The Western Journal of the M cal and Physical Sciences, Cincinnati, 11 vols. 1828-1838. Trans. Jour. Med. — Transylvania Journal of Medicine and the As- sociate Sciences, Lexington, Ky., 10 vols. 1828-1838. West. Med. Gaz. — Western Medical Gazette, Cincinnati, 1833- 1835, 2 vols. West. Journ. Med. and Surg. — The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery, Louisville, Ky., 1840-43, 8 vols. New Series, 1844-47. 8 vols. Third Scries, 1848-50, 6 vols. Med. Exam. — The Medical Examiner and Record of Medical S ence, Philada., 1838-50 (a part only has been examined). Bost. Med. and Surg. Journ. — The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Boston, 1828-50 (some of the later numbers only have been examined). N. York Jour. Med. — The New York Journal of Medicine and the Collateral Sciences, New York, 1843-50. West. Lancet. — The Western Lancet and Hospital Reporter, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, 1845-50. 16 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. A CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS, GENERA, AND SPECIES OF THE INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Nat. signifies a naturalized plant. S. a Southern plant, not found in the Northern • and Middle States. Class I.— EXOGENS, or DICOTYLEDONS. Sub-Class I.— ANGIOSPERMS. Division I.— POLYPE TAL^S. Ord. 1. Ranunculace^;, Juss. Clematis, L. viorna, L. Virginiana, L. crispa, L. S. Pulsatilla, Tourn. patens, Mill. Anemone, L. nemorosa. L. Hepatica, Dill. triloba, Chaix. Ranunculus, L. Flammula, L. abortivus, L. sceleratus, L. Nat. repens, L. bulbosus, L. Nat. acris, L. Nat. Caltha, L. palustris, L. Trollius, L. laxus, Salisb. Coptis, Salisb. trifolia, Salisb. Helleborus, L. viridis, L. Nat. Aquilegia, L. Canadensis, L. Delphinium, L. Consolida, L. Nat. Aconitum, L. uncinatum, L. ZanihorrMza, Marsh. apiifolia, L'Her. Hydrastis, L. Canadensis, L. Actea, L. rubra, Willd. alba, Big. Cimicifuga, L. racemosa, Ell. Ord. 2. Magnoliace^!, Juss. Magnolia, L. glauca, L. REPORT ON MEDH'.U. BOI ! 1 acuminata, L Umbrella, Lam. gtandiflora, Ij. B. maorophylla, Michz. S. Liriodendron, L. Tulipifera, L. lllicium, L. Floridanum, Ellis, S. Ord. 3. Anonaceje, Juss. Asimina, Adans. triloba, Dunal. Ord. 4. Menispermace^, Juss. Menispermum, L. Canadcnsc, L. Ord. 5. Berberidaceje, Vent, Berber is, L. vulgaris, L. Nat. Canadensis, Pursh. S. Leontice, L. tbalictroides, L. Jeffersonia, Bart. diphylla, Pers. Podophyllum, L. pcltatuni, L. Ord. 6. CABOMBACEiE, Rich. Brasenia, Scbreb. pcltata, Pursh. Ord. 7. Nelumbiace^e, Bartl. Nelumbium, Juss. luteuni, Willd. Ord. 8. Nympiieace.e, Salisb. Nymphoea, Tourn. odorata, Ait. Nuphar, Smith, advena, Ait. Ord. 9. Babb ICBHXAO&B, De la r-.i;,-. Sarraci /<>'■>. Toaroi il;iv:i, L B. Tariolaris, ICichi Ord. lo. Papaysbaoi i . Argemone, L. .Mcxicana, L. Nut. Sfiylephorwn, Nutt. diphyllom, Nutt. ClielidinitHin, L. majus, L. Nat. Sangitinaria, Dill. Canadensis, L. Ord. 11. Fumariaceje, D< Dieentra, Bo-rk. Cucularia, De C. Canadensis, De C. Fumaria, L. officinalis, L. Nat. Ord. 12. CrucifePwE, Juss. Nasturtium, R. Br. officinale, R. Br. Nat. palustra, De C. hispidum, De C. natans, De C. Cardaminc, L. hirsuta, L. fratensis, L. Dent aria, L. diphylla, Miohx. Arabis, L. lyrata, L. dentata, T. and 0. levigata, De 0. Canadensis. L. Barbarca, R. Br. vulgaris, R. Br. Nat. 18 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Sisymbrium, L. officinale, Scop. Nat. Lepidium, L. Virginicum, L. Capsella, Vent. Bursa-pastoris, Moench. Nat. Ord. 13. Capparidace^, Juss. G-ynandropsis, De C. pentaphylla, De C. Nat. Polanisia, Kaf. graveolens, Raf. Ord. 14. YiOLACEiE, De C. Viola, L. sagittata, Ait. cuculata, Ait. palinata, L. pedata, L. pubescens, Ait. tricolor, L. Nat. Ord. 15. Cistace^:, Juss. Helianthemum, Tourn. Canadense, Michx. corymbosum, Michx. Ord. 16. Droserace^e, De C. Drosera, L. rotundifolia, L. Ord. IT. Hypericace^, Juss. Aseyrum, L. Crux-andrese, L. Hypericum, L. perforatum, L. Nat. Sarothra, Michx. Ord. 18. Caryophyllace^e, Juss. Saponaria, L. officinale, L. Nat. Silene, L. Pennsylvanica, Michx. Virginica, L. Lychnis, Tourn. githago, Lam. Nat. Ord. 19. PORTULACACE^l, JuSS. Portulacca, Tourn. oleracea, L. Nat. Ord. 20. Malvacejs, Juss. Abutilon, Tourn. Avicennse, Gaert. Nat. Sida, L. . spinosa, L. Napsea, Clayt. dioica, L. Malva, L. rotundifolia, L. Nat. sylvestris, L. Nat. Althea, L. officinalis, L. Nat. Hibiscus, L. Virginicus, L. Moscheutos, L. Ord. 21. TILIACE.E, Juss. Tilia, L. Americana, L. Ord. 22. Meliace^;, Juss. Melia, L. Azedarach, L. Nat. S. Ord. 23. Geraniace^!, Juss. Cferanium, L. maculatum, L. Carolinianum, L. Robertianum, L. B BPORI 0 S M BDIC4 I. BOl AN V. Ord. 24. OZALIDAOBA, De 0. Oxalis, L. acetosella, L. violacea, L. Btricta, L. Ord. 25. Zyqophyllacb^, It. Br. Larrca, Cav. Mcxicana, Moric. Guaiacum, Pluraicr. sanctum, L. angustifolium, Engelm. Ord. 26. Balsam iniace^e, Rich. Impatiens, L. pallida, Nutt. fulva, Nutt. Ord. 27. Zanthoxylace2E, Nees and Mart. Zantlwxylum, L. Americanum, Mill. Carolinianurn, Lam. S. Ptelea, L. trifoliata, L. Ord. 28. Anacardiace,e, R. Br. Rhus, L. typliina, L. glabra, L. copallina, L. venenata, De C. pumila, Michx. S. Toxicodendron, L. Ord. 29. Acerace.e, Juss. Acer, L. Pennsylvanieum, L. rubrum, L. Ord. hb. . /.' •<•::. I.. panlculata, L J I : ida, L. Dnruios II. M .:..i: Ord. 18. CAPRIFOLIACRrf, Juss. Loniccra, L. seinpervirens, Ait. Diervilla, Tourn. trifida, Mocnch. Trio8teum, L. perfoliatum, L. angustifolium, L. tSambacus, L. Canadensis, L. pubens, Michx. Viburnum, L. prunifolium, L. Lentago, L. dentatum, L. Ord. 49. Rubiace^;, Juss. Galium, L. Aparine, L. asprellum, Michx. trifiduui, L. circsezans, Michx. Cephalanthus, L. occidentalis, L. JlitcJu'Ila, L. repens, L. Spigelia, L. Marilandica, L. Ord. 50. Valerianacils:, De C. Valeriana, Tourn. pauciflora, Michx. sylvatica, Rich. Ord. 51. Composite, Juss. Vernon ia, Schreb. 22 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Noveboracensis, Willd. fasciculata, Michx. Liatris, Scbreb. squarrosa, Willd. scariosa, Willd. spicata, Willd. graminifolia, Willd. Eupatorium, Tourn. purpureurn, L. teucrifolium, Willd. rotundifolium, L. sessilifolium, L. perfoliaturn, L. ageratoides, L. aromaticum, L. Tussilago, Tourn. Farfara, L. Nat. Sericocarpus, Nees. tortifolius, Nees. S. Aster, L. cordifolius, L. Novse-Anglige, L. Erigeron, L. Canadense, L. bellidifolium, Muhl. Philadelphicum, L. annuum, Pers. strigosum, Muhl. Solidago, L. rigida, L. odora, Ait. Baccharis, L. halimifolia, L. Pterocaulon, Ell. pycnostacyum, Ell. S. Plucjiea, Cass. camphorata, De C. Inula, L. Helenium, L. Nat. Silphium, L. laciniatum, L. terebintbinaceum, L. perfoliaturn, L. Ambrosia, Tourn. trifida, L. Echinacea, Moencb. purpurea, Moencb. Rudbechia, L. laciniata, L. Verbesina, L. .Virginica, L. Helenium, L. autumnale, L. Maruta, Cass. Cotula, De C. Achillea, L. Millefolium, L. Nat. LeucantJiemum, Tourn. vulgare, Lam. Nat. Tanacetum, L. vulgare, L. Nat. Artemisia j L. Canadensis, Micbx. caudata, Micbx. vulgaris, L. Nat. biennis, Willd. Absinthium, L. Nat. Gnaphalium, L. polycephalmn, Michx. Antennaria, Gsertn. margaritacea, R. Br. plantaginifolia, Hook. Erechthites, Raf. bieracifolia, Raf. Senecio, L. aureus, L. Arnica, L. nudicaulis, Ell. S. mollis, Hook. Lappa, Tourn. major, Gsert. Nat. i: EPORT OH '•! l.l'P A I, BOl ' •>.; Oieho fin in. Tourn. [ntybus, L. N;it. Ilieracium, Tourn. Vfliosuin, L. Nairn I us, ('ass. albus, Hook. Praseri, De C. Taraxacum, Ilallcr. Dens-leonis, Desf. Lactuca, Tourn. elongata, Mulil. iSonchus, L. oleraceus, L. Nat. Orel. 52. Lobeliaceje, Juss. Lobelia, L. cardinalis, L. syphilitica, L. inflata, L. spicata, Lam. Ord. 53. Ericace2E, R. Br. G-aylussacia, H. B. K. dumosa, T. and G. frondosa, T. and G. resinosa, T. and G. Vaccinium, L. stamineum, L. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. arboreum, Marsh. S. Arctostaphylos, Adans. Uva ursi, Spreng. Gaultlieria, Kalm. procumbens, L. Epigea, L. repens, L. Andromeda, L. polifolia, L. Mariana, L. arborea, L. angustifolia, Pursh. S. nitida, V, I ( 'A////-,/. L. alnifolia, L. Tthododi ndron, L, maximum, L. punctutuni, I. Kit! iiiiu, L. latifolia, L. angustifolia, L. glauca, Ait. cuncata, Michx. &, hirsuta, Walt. S. Loiseleuria, Desv. procumbens, Desv. Ledum, L. latifolium, Ait. Pyrola, L. rotundifolia, L. Chimaphila, Pursh. umbcllata, Nntt. maculata, Pursh. Galax, L. rotundifolia, Michx. S. Monotropa, Gronov. unifloni, L. Ord. 54. Aquifoliace-e, De C. Ilex, L. opaca, Ait. Dahoon, "Walt. S. Cassena, "Walt. 8. myrtifolia, Walt. S. Prinos, L. verticillatus, L. lajvigatus, Pursh. glabcr, L. Ord. 55. EcENACE.i-. Vont. DiospyroS) L. Virginiana, L. 24 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Ord. 56. Styrace^e, Rich. Sopea, L. tinctoria, L. S. Ord. 57. Sapotace^e, Juss. Bumelia, L. lycioides, Pursh. S. Ord. 58. PlantaginacEjE, Juss. Plant ago, L. major, L. Nat. cordata, Lam. lanceolata, L. Nat. Virginica, L. Ord. 59. PLUMBAG1NACE.ZE, JuSS. Statiee, Tourn. Caroliniana, Walt. Ord. 60. Primulace^, Vent. Anagallis, Tourn. arvensis, L. Nat. Ord. 61. Orobanchace.33, L. Rich. JSpiphagus, Nutt. • Virginian a, Bart. Conopholis, Wallroth. Americana, Walt. Aphyllon, Mitchell, uniflorum, T. and G. Ord. 62. Bignoniace^, Juss. Bignonia, L. capreolata, L. S. Oatalpa, Scop. bignonioides, Walt. Cfelseminum, Juss. sempervirens, Ait. S. Ord. 63. Scrophclariace^, Juss. Verbascum, L. Thapsus, L. Nat. Blattaria, L. Nat. Lychnitis, L. Nat. Linaria, Tourn. vulgaris, Mill. Nat. Scrophularia, Tourn. nodosa, L. Chelone, Tourn. glabra, L. Qratiola, L. Virginiana, L. aurea, Muhl. Veronica, L. Virginica, L. Americana, Schwein. officinalis, L. peregrina, L. Nat. Ord. 64. Verbenace^i, Juss. Verbena, L. hastata', L. urticifolia, L. Callicarpa, L. Americana, L. S. Ord. 65. Labiate, Juss. Mentha, L. viridis, L. Nat. piperita, L. Nat. Canadensis, L. Lycopus, L. Virginicus, L. sinuatus, Ell. Origanum, L. vulgare, L. Nat. Collinsonia, L. Canadensis, L. l: i: CO II T ON M KDICAL I'.OT '. ecabra, L. S. anigata, Sims. S. Ihilmnni. I 'its. pulegioides, I'd-. Cunila, L. Mariana, L. Monarda, L. didyma, L. fistulosa, L. punctata, L. Salvia, L. lyrata, L. Nepeta, L. Cataria, L. Nat. Glechoma, Benth. Nat. Pyenanthemum, Michx. incanum, Michx. Scutellaria, L. integrifolia, L. lateriflora, L. Leonurus, L. Cardiaca, L. Nat. Marrubium, L. vulgare, L. Nat. Ajuga, L. Chamaepitys, Willd. Nat. S. Ord. 66. Boraginace^e, Juss. Symphytum, Tourn. officinale, L. Nat. Mertensia, Roth. Virginica, De C. Oynoglossum, Tourn. officinale, L. Nat. Virginicum, L. Heliotropium, L. Indicum, L. Nat. Ord. 67. PoLEMONiACEiK, Juss. Polemonium, Tourn. rep tans, L. Ord. i . Jon Calyttegia^ \\. Br. Bepiam, !>'. \>r. ConvohnUu . I.. pandaratofj I-. macrohizus, Miohac. S. nil, L. ( >ld. 69. S0LANACE2H, JuS8. Nicotiana, L. rustica, L. Nat. Datura, L. Stramonium, L. Nat. Hyoscyamux, Tourn. niger, L. Nat. Physalis, L. viscosa, L. Solarium, L. Dulcamara, L. Nat. nigrum, L. Nat. Carolinense, L. mammosum, L. S. Virginianum, L. S. Ord. 70. Gentianace.*:. Juss. Sabbatia, Adans. angularis, Pursh. Erytlirca, Pers. Centaurium, Pers. G-entiana, L. quinqueflora, Lam. crinita, Frocl. Saponaria, L. ochroleuca, Frocl. Frasera, "Walt. Carolincnsis, "Wait. Menyanthi'S, Tourn. trifoliata, L. Ord. 71. Apocynacejf, Juss. Apocynum, Tourn. 26 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. androsgemifolium, L. cannabinum, L. Forsteronia, De C. difformis, Walt. S. antbelmintica, Spacb. ambrosioides, Spacb. Nat. Atriplex, Tourn. patula, L. ? Ord. 72. Asclepiadace^, R. Br. Ord. 76. Amaranthace^, Juss. , Asclepias, L. Cornuti, Decaisne. incarnata, L. tuberosa, L. Cfonolobus, Micbx. macrophyllus, Micbx. Ord. 73. Oleace^i, Hoffman- segge. Ligustrum, Tourn. vulgare, L. Nat. Chionanthus, L. Virginica, L. Fraxinus, Tourn. Americana, L. quadrangulata, Micbx. Division III. APETAL^). Ord. 74. Aristolochiace^Juss. Asarum, Tourn. Canadense, L. Virginicum, L. arifolium, Micbx. S. Aristolochia, Tourn. Serpentaria, L. Sipbo, L'Her. hirsuta, Mubl. S. bastata, Nutt. S. reticulata, Nutt. S. tomentosa, Sims. S. Ord. 75. Chenopodiace^e, Vent. Ambrina, Spacb. Botrys, Moquin. Achyranthes, L. repens, Ell. Nat. ? S. Ord. 77. Phytolaccace.^, R. Br. Phytolacca, Tourn. decandra, L. Ord. 78. Polygonace^, Juss. Polygonum, L. Persicaria, L. Nat. Hydropiper, L. ampbibium, L. aviculare, L. Nat. Virginianum, L. Rumex, L. Hydrolapatbum, Hud. obtusifolius, L. Nat. crispus, L. Nat. sanguineus, L. Nat. Acetosella, L. Nat.? Ord. 79. Laurace^, Juss. ' Sassafras, Nees. officinale, Nees. Benzoin, Nees. odoriferum, Nees. Ord. 80. Thymeleace^!, Juss. Dirca, L. palustris, L. Ord. 81. Loranthace^e, Juss. Viscum, L. flavescens, Pursb. REPOBT OB U i.:<; I :. Ord. 82. CTlmaobjj, Mirbel. Uhinis, L. fulva, Michx. rV///.;, Tourn. occidentalis, L. Ord. 88. Saururace/t:, Rich. Saururus, L. oernuus, L. Ord. 81. Oallitriciiace^, Link. Callitriche, L. verna, L. Ord. 85. Euphorbiaceje, Juss. Euphorbia, L. Ilelioscopia, L. Nat. Pcplus, L. Nat. corollata, L. Ipecacuanha, L. maculata, L. hypericifolia, L. Stillinfjia, L. sylvatica, L. S. Acah/pha, L. Virginica, L. Ord. 86. JuoLANDACEiE, De C. Juglans, L. cinerca, L. nigra, L. Ord. 87. Cupulifer/e, Rich. Quercas, L. alba, L. bicolor, Willd. Prinus, L. montana, Willd. falcata, Michx. tinctoria, Bartram. rubra, I.. pal D '. T'.uni. puuiil.i. Michx. ( 'oryliiSt Tonrn. rostrata, Ait. ord. 88. Mybioaobjb, L. < ' Myrica, L. Gale, L. cerifera, L. Carolinensis, Willd. S. Comptonia, Soland. asplenifolia, Ait. Ord. 89. Betulaceje, L. C. Rich. Bctula, Tourn. nigra, L. lcnta, L. Alnus, Tourn. serrulata, Ait. Ord. 90. Salicace^e, L. C. Rich. Saliz, Tourn. humilis, Marsh, eriocephala, Michx. nigra, Marsh. Populus, Tourn. tremuloides, Michx. balsamifera, L. candicans, Ait. Ord. 91. Balsa.miflu.k, Blame. Liquidaiiibcr, L. styraciilua, L. Ord. 92. Urticacej;, Juss. Hiimulus, L. Lupulus, L. Urtiea, Tourn. 28 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. dioica, L. Nat. urens, L. Nat. Canadensis, L. Pilea, Lind. pumila, Lind. Sub-Class II.— GYMNOSPERMS. Ord. 93. Conifers, Juss. Pinus, Tourn. rigida, Mill. tseda, L. S. palustris, L. S. Abies, Tourn. balsamea, Marsh. Canadensis, Michx. Thuja, Tourn. occidentalis, L. Cupressus, Tourn. thyoides, L. Taxodium, Rich. distichum, Rich. Juniperus, L. communis, L. Virginiana, L. Taxus, Tourn. Canadensis, Willd. Class II.— ENDOGENS. Ord. 94. Arace^, Juss. Arum, L. triphyllum, L. Dracontium, L. Peltandra, Raf. Virginica, Raf. Calla, L. palustris, L. Symplocarpus, Salisb. foetidus, Salisb. Acorus, L. Calamus, L. Nat. Ord. 95. Alismace^i, L.C.Rich. Alisma, L. Plantago, L. Sagittaria, L. variabilis, Engelm. Ord. 96. Orchidaceje, Juss. G-oodyera, R. Br. pubescens, R. Br. Cypripedium, L. pubescens, Willd. spectabile, Swartz. acaule, Ait. Ord. 97. Amaryllidace.e, R. Br. Agave, L. Virginica, L. Pancratium, L. maritinum, Walt. S. Ord. 98. HffiM0D0RACE,E, R.Br. Laclinanthes, Ell. tinctoria, Ell. Aletris, L. farinosa, L. aurea, Walt. Ord. 99. iRiDACEiE, Juss. Iris, L. versicolor, L. UK PORT ON MEDICAL BOl Virginica, L. Veraa, L. S. cristata, L. Sisi/r/ii<-/tium, L. Berinudiana, L. Ord. 100. DioscoREACE^E,ll.Br. Dioscorea, PlumMer. villosa, L, Ord. 101. Smilace^e, R. Br. Smilax, Tourn. tamnoides, L. glauca, Walt. Pseudo-China, L. Trillium, L. cernuum, L. erectum, L. grandiflorum, Salisb. nivale, Ridd. erythrocarpuin, Michx. sessile, L. recurvatum, Beck. Medeola, Gronov. Virginica, L. Ord. 102. SiLiACEiE, Juss. Polygonatum, Tourn. canaliculatum, Pursh. pubescens, Pursh. Smilaeina, Desf. racemosa, Desf. Oonvallaria, L. majalis, L. S. Allium. I.. ( tanadense, Kalm. I'lTlililllli, Kotll. fcriooccnm, Ait. Yucca, L. filaiiientosa, L. 8. Eryihronium. L Amerioannm, Smith. Ord. 10-J. Melanthacim:. II. Br. Uvular ia, L. grandiflora, Smith. perfoliata, L. sessilifolia, L. 3Ielanthium, Gronov. Virginicum, L. Veratrum, Tourn. viride, Ait. Amianthium, Gray. muscrctoxicuin, Gray. Chamdelirium, Willd. luteum, L. Ord. 104. CYPERACEiE, Juss. Uleocharis, R. Br. palustris, R. Br. ScirpuSy L. lacustris, L. Ord. 105. Gr amine je, Juss. Cynodon, Rich. Dactylon, Pers. Nat. Tritician, L. repens, L. Nat. Class III.— ACROGENS. Ord. 106. Equisetaceje, De C. Mquisetum, L. arvense, L. hyemale, L. 4 Ord. 107. Filices, Juss. Poli/jhhUum, L. vulgare, L. incanum, Willd. 30 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Pteris, L. Osmunda , L. aquilina, L. spectabilis, Willd Adiantum, L. cinnamomea, L. pedatum, L. capillus-veneris, L. Nat.? Ord. 108. Lycopodiace^e, Dryopteris, Adans. Swartz. Goldiana, Hook. Lycopodium, L. Onoclea, L. Selago, L. sensibilis, L. clavatum, L. Orders. Genera. Species Polypetalae 47 126 212 Monopetalse 26 113 194 Exogens < Apetalge Gymnosperms 19 1 33 7 72 11 Total 93 279 489 Endogens 12 34 54 Acrogens 3 8 13 Total number of Exogens, } 108 321 556 Endogens, and Acrogens Indigenous Medicinal Plants . , . 476 Naturalized " " . . 80 Southern Plants not found in the Northern and Middle States . . . . 62 Indigenous and Naturalized Medical Plants in the vicinity }f New Albany . . . 313 REPORT ON MEDICAL J30TANY. 31 Class I— EXOGENS; or, DICOTYLEDONS. Sub-Class I.— ANGIOSPERMS. Division L— p0LYPETAL^3. Order 1. Ranunculacese, Juss. Lincl. Nat. Syst. 5, Vcg. King. 425; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 376. Under the first three species, numerous botanical references are given in chronological order, to enable the student of botany to see, at a glance, in what works he may expect to find a plant described. The first, C. viorna, is found in the Middle, Western, and Southern States. The second, C. Virginiana, in Canada, and throughout the United States. The third, C. crispa, only in the Southern States, and has consequently fewer references, there being no special Floras of the Southern States. Elliot's excellent work on the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia, however, includes most of the Southern plants. Clematis viorna, L. Gray's Man. 4. Leather Flower; Travel- lers Joy. Bot. Ref. Willd. Sp. ii. 1288 (1793) ; Michx. El. i. 318 (1803) ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 385 (1814); Ell. Sk. ii. 46 (1824); Torr. Comp. 222 (1826); Loud. Encyc. PI.' 482 (1829); Darl. Fl. Cest. 2d ed. 335 (1837); Torrey and Gray, Fl. N. A. i. 9 (1838); Eat. Man. 8th ed. 199 (1840); Wood's Class-Book Bot. 2d ed. 139(1847) ; Beck's Bot. 2d ed. 4 (1848) ; Gray's Man. Bot. I. c. (1848). In woods and thickets. From Pennsylvania to Georgia, and west to Missouri. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. ii. 30; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 210; Griff. Med. Bot. 80 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 684 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1243. Med. Prop. See Q. crispa. C. Virginiana, L. Gray's Man. 4. Virgin s Bower. Bot. Ref. Willd. Sp. ii. 1290 ; Michx. Fl. i. 318 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 384 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 44 ; Big. Fl. Bost. 2d ed. 219 (1824) ; De C. Prod. i. 4 (1824) ; Torr. Comp. 222 ; Loud. Encyc. PL 482 ; Darl. Fl. Cest. 2d ed. 335; Torr. and Gr. Fl. N. A. i. 8; Eat. Man. 32 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 8th ed. 199; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 6 (1843); Wood's Class-Book, 2d ed. 139 ; Beck's Bot. 2d ed. 4 ; Gray's Man. I. c. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 482, No. 7978. Wet places, thickets, and borders of woods. Canada to Florida, and west to Columbia River. Vicinity of New Albany — not very common. Med. Ref. Schoepf, Mat. Med.; Bart. Coll. ii. 31; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 210; Griff. Med. Bot. 80; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 3 ; Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 684 ; Williams, ibid. 873 ; Wood U. S. Dis. App. 1243. Med. Prop. See C. crispa. C. crispa, L. Torr. and Gray, Fl. N. A. i. 10. Curled Virgin s Boiver. Bot. Ref. Willd. Sp. ii. 1289 ; Michx. i. 318 ; Pursh, ii. 384 ; De C. Prod. i. 9 ; Loud. Encyc. PI. 482 ; Torr. and Gr. Fl. N. A. i. I c. ; Eat. Man. 8th ed. 200. The C. crispa, Ell. (not of Linn.) is the C. cylindrica, Sims. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PL 482, No. 7975; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 2. Virginia to Florida, and west to Louisiana ; Torr. and Gr. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. ii. 30 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 210 ; Porcher's Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 683 ; Wood's IT. S. Dis. App. 1243. Med. Prop. This, and the two preceding species, have similar medical properties, and are said to be equivalent to the Climatis erecta, Flammula, and Vitalba of Europe. The fresh bruised leaves and flowers are acrid, and, applied to the skin, vesicate. But the acrimony, as in most other ranunculaceous plants, is almost, if not entirely, dissipated by drying or boiling. Storck used the C. erecta in secondary syphilis, foul ulcers, and in severe headaches. Two or three drachms of the leaves (dry or fresh ?) were infused in a pint of water, of which he gave f^iv three times a day; also applied the powdered leaves to the sores. To cure the itch, the bruised stems and roots are directed to be boiled for a short time to diminish their acrimony, and then infused in boiling oil. This, applied to the skin several times a day, it is asserted, generally effects a cure after twelve or fifteen applications. Dr. Williams states that the C. Virginiana and C. viorna are employed internally as diuretics and sudorifics in chronic rheu- matism. Iti:i'',i:T OM MI.IiKAL l:< N Pulsatilla patent) Mill. Gray's Man. Avrmmir patens, I-. .1. Z/udoviciana, Nutt. Figured, Gray's < len. Dlust. i. pl, . From Dlinois and Wisconsin to tne Rocky Mountain Louisiana, as Nnttall's name irnpl* Med. Prop. Acri'l ; 1 1 1 < I poisonous, at Irnst whfii fn-li. G Gen. Illust. 18. Js supposed to possess properties anal the Anemone rVatensis and A. puleatilla of Burope. B tonejNV- ten», Griff. Med. Bot. p. 80. Anemone nemorosa, L. Gray's Man. 5. WoodAi 'Wind Flower. Bot. Ref. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and (Jr.. Torr. Fl. N. Y. &c. ; also, A. lancifolia, Pursh, and A. qninqnefolia, L. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. pi. 39. (V;ir. qninqnefolia.) Woods, &c. Europe, Canada, and throughout the Uniti Med. Ref. Me"rat and De Lens, i. 292; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. X. Y. 3; Porchcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 684; Williams, ibid. 873; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. V11-. Med. Prop. Acrid and rubefacient. It is reputed to act as a poison to cattle, producing bloody urine and convulsions. Exter- nally, in the form of ointment, is stated to cure tinea capitis. The herbaceous part is employed; contains a principle called ancmonin. Hepatiea triloba, Chaix. Gray's Man. 7. Liverwort. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Anemone hepatiea. Linn. Michx. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. pi. 87 j RaJF. Med. Fl. i. No. 48: Griff. Med. Bot. 81, fig. 48; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 5 : II. aeuti- loba, De C. In woods, &c., throughout the United States, and in the north of Europe and Asia. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. The form of the leaves in my specimen appears to be intermediate between the figures of Bart., Raf., and the aeutiloba, De C, figured in Gray's Gen. Illust. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. i. 238 : Griff, Med. Bot. 81; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 4; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 684; Wood, U. S. Dis. Med. Prop. A mild demulcent, and somewhat astringent, lias had some reputation as a diuretic and dcobstruent, and as a remedy 34 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. in haemoptysis, chronic coughs, &c, but has fallen into disuse. The Avhole plant is used in the form of an infusion, which may be drank freely without much regard to quantity. Ranunculus Flammula, L. Gray's Man. 8. Spearwort. Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y., not of Michx. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 486, No. 2625. Swamps and ditches. Europe, and Canada to Georgia, and west to Illinois. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Officinal, Dub. Pharm. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. iii. 71 ; Merat and De Lens, vi. 20 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 6 ; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 735 ; Royle, Mat. Med. 239 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 84; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 4; Wood, U. S. Dis. 584. Med. Prop. See R. acris. R. abortivus, L. Gray's Man. 9. Small-flowered Croivfoot. Pursh, Big., Ell., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Wet grounds. Canada, throughout the United States, west to the Rocky Mountains. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Med. Ref. Schoepf ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 74 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 5. Med. Prop. See R. acris. R. Sceleratus, L. Gray's Man. 10. Cursed Crowfoot; Celery- leaved Crowfoot. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Wet places. Canada to South Carolina, and west to Kentucky. Common to Europe and America. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. pt. i. 23 ; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 65 ; Me'rat and De Lens, vi. 20 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 5 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 84 ; Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 685 ; Williams, ibid. 874 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 584. Med. Prop. See R. acris. R. repens, L. Gray's Man. 10. Creeping Croivfoot. Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. ; R. hispidus, Michx. ; Torr. and Gr. Fl. N. A. i. 22; R. prostatus, Poir; R. intermedius, Eat.; R. Clintoni, Beck ; R. nitidus, Muhk, Ell. ; R. Marilandicus, Poir, Pursh ; R. Philonotis, Pursh. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 486, No. 8058. WTet shady places. Canada to Georgia, and west to the Pacific. ki:i'<.k'i 01 UBDICAL B01AJ Common to. thi country and Europe. Vicinity of ' may — a oommoo and very variable Med. Ref. Big. tied. Bot. iii. 65 ; I A boo. ii. 686; Wood, r. S. Di . 584. Med. Prop. See B. ; Griff Med. Bot. 84; Lee, Gat. Med. PI. N. Y. 4; Wood, U. B. Die, 584. Med. Prop. Sec li. acris. Ii. acris, L. Gray's Man. 11. Tall Crowfoot; Buttercups. Parsh, Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 80; Griff. Med. Bot. 84, fig. 60. Meadows and pastures. Hudson's Bay to Delaware, west to Mis- sissippi. Beck. "Meadows and fields everywhere.'' Gray. It has not been found in Ohio, Kentucky, or in this vicinity — common in Europe. A naturalized plant. Officinal, Dub. Fharin. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. iii. 67; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 72: Merat and De Lens, vi. 19; Lind. Fl. Med. 5; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 735; Royle, Mat. Med. 238; Griff. Med. Bot. 84; Lee, Cat, Med. VI N. Y. 4; Wood, U. S. Dis. f>S!. Med. Trop. The foregoing six species of Kanunculus have the same medicinal properties, though they may vary in their Btrength. Upwards of thirty North American species might be named, which probably possess similar properties. Acridity, which, as in the species of Climatis, is destroyed by boiling and drying, is eminently characteristic of the Ranunculi. They were frequently employed as vesicants before the introduction of cantharides, and are no** oc- casionally, though much more uncertain in their action than the Spanish fly. Dr. Bigelow found that water distilled from them, especially the R. repens, retained its acrimony undiminished for many months, but that it became inert after free/.ing. lie also 36 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. found that the application of the contused leaves or roots did not affect all persons alike, and -was inclined to believe that their action externally is somewhat analogous to that of the poisonous species of Rhus, of which some individuals only are susceptible. Not at pre- sent used internally ; though Withering states the distilled water of R. Flammula to be an emetic more instantaneous and less offensive than sulphate of zinc. Calthapalustris,lt. Gray's Man. 11. Marsh Marigold; Cotv slips. Michx., Pursh, Big., DarL, Torr. Fl. N. Y. ; also C. integerrima, Pursh. "A syrup prepared from it is a popular remedy for coughs." Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 17 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 4. Trollius laxus, Salisb. Gray's Man. 12. Grlobe Flower. Pursh, Big. &c. ; T. Americanus, Muhl., De C. Prod. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 11. "Has the same properties as the Ranunculus." Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 4. Coptis trifolia, Salisb. Gray's Man. 12. Gfoldthread. Pursh, Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. ; Helleborus trifolius, Linn., Michx. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 5; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 34; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 27; Griff. Med. Bot. 87; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. pi. 4. Bogs and cedar swamps. Canada, New England to Pennsylvania; also, north of Europe and Asia. Med. Ref. Schoepf ; Bart. Coll. ; Thach. Dis. 283 (Nigella); Big. Med. Bot. i. 60; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 97; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 127; Lind. Fl. Med. 8; Carson, Per. Mat. Med. ii. 748; and Royle, Mat. Med. 246; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. 10; Griff. Med. Bot. 87 ; Lee, Cat* Med. PL N. Y. 4 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 274. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Prop. A pure, simple, and strong bitter. It has a great popular reputation, especially in New England, as a remedy for the aphthous sore mouth of children. Dr. Bigelow doubts whether its curative powers are superior to other simple bitters, but some others hold it in higher estimation. It is an excellent tonic in dyspepsia, general debility, &c. Dose of the powdered root ten to thirty grains, or a drachm of the tincture prepared with one ounce of the root to a pint of diluted alcohol. i;i;i"»i:t 01 K1PIOAL i-.'-ta n v. Helleborut viridts, I;. Gray'i Man. 18. Cfreen Hellebore. Torr. and (Jr. i. 669; Torr. PL N. Y. L L9. Figured, Loud. Bneyc. l'l. 189, No. 90* I. An exotic from the west of* Europe, but naturalized in I. .■ Island, N. Y. Med. Ref. Me*rat and Do Lens, iii. 473; [and. PL Med. 7 ; Mat. Med. ii. 786; Royle, Mat. Med. 240; Griff, Med. Bo*. 87; Lee, Gat. Med. PI. N. Y. 5; Wood, U. S. Die. 866. Med. Prop. A drastic cathartic, and etnmenagogue. Medical virtues similar to those of the black hellebore (II. niger), and Baid to be frequently substituted for it. Allioni and others, aceordui Griffith, state that it is more energetic and certain than the black hellebore, and should be employed in preference. Aquilegia Canadensis, L. Gray's Man. 13. Wild Columbine. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., &c. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. pi. 3G; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi 1 !. On rocks, especially limestone cliffs. Canada to Georgia, west to Mississippi. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Equivalent of Aquilegia vulgaris, which is diuretic, sudorific, em- menagogue, &c, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 194. Seeds said to be tonic. J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 4. A much more beautiful and delicate plant than the common Columbine. Delphinium Oonsolida, L. Gray's Man. 14. Larkspur. Pursh) Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 473, No. 7832. Naturalized in some places. Pursh says that it is native in Staunton and other places in Virginia. Frequently cultivated in gardens. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 216; Lind. Fl. Med. 9; Carson in Royle, Mat. Med. 242; Am. Journ. PJharro. xi. 1; Griff. Med. V fc. 88; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 5; Wood, U. S. Dis. 296. Med. Prop. The bitter and acrid flowers were formerly supposed to possess the power of healing wounds. They are also considered diuretic, emmenagogue, and vermifuge. A tincture of an ounce of the seeds to a pint of diluted alcohol has been found useful in spas- modic asthma and dropsy; dose, ten drops, to be increased till its effects upon the system become evident. It owes its active proper- 38 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. ties to a peculiar principle, delphinia, which is most abundant in the seeds. The root is the officinal part, though rarely employed. Aconitum uncinatum, L. Gray's Man. 14. Aconite; IfonJcs- Jwod ; Wolfsbane. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. El. N. Y. Eigured, Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 16. New York, Pennsylvania, to Wisconsin, and mountains of the Southern States. A rare plant. Dr. Short found it on the Barrens, fifteen to twenty miles from this place. The root of this species, like that of others of the same genus, is said to contain aconitine, one of the most active and powerful medi- cines known. Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 5. Zanthorrhiza ajjiifolia, L'Her. Gray's Man. 25. Shrubby Yellow- Boot. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Eigured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 46 , Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 17. Shady banks of mountain streams. Pennsylvania to Georgia and Texas. Nuttall incorrectly states that it grows abundantly on the banks of the Ohio. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. pt. ii. 11; Thach. Dis. 367; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 203 ; Big. Seq. 400 ; Raf. Med. El. ii. 276 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 95 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 687 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 745. Med. Prop. The root is a pure and strong bitter — formerly held in high estimation, by Dr. Woodhouse and others, as a tonic. He gave two scruples for a dose. The decoction and tincture are also employed. Hydrastis Canadensis^. Gray's Man. 15. Yellow-Root; Orange- Root; Turmeric-Root; Yellow Puccoon [Cfolden Seal of the Thomp- sonians). Michx., Pursh, Ell., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 26 ; Raf. Mecl. Fl. i. No. 51 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 82. Rich shady woods. From Canada to South Carolina, and west to Mississippi. Vicinity of New Albany — rather frequent. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 9, ii. 13 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 17 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 251 ; Griff. Mecl. Bot. 82 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 7 ; Wood's IT. S. Dis. App. 1261. Med. Prop. The root is a very bitter tonic, which is much employed RBB0B1 OJH M BDIC I L BOI a | V. by the Thompsoniana under the osmeof Golden Seal, The inf has some reputation aa an externa] application in ophthalmia • affections of the throat and mouth, Griffith some evidence of slightly narcotic qualities, at least in a ite. Actea rubra, Willd. Gray's Man. L5. Bed Ba Cohosh. Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr, Fl. N. Y. A. Americana, A. rubra, Pursh ; A. spicata, A. rubra, Michx. : A. brachyp< Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 19. Rocky woods. Canada to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. A. alba, Bigelow. Gray's Man. lf>. Wliite Baneberry ; Wl hosh. Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. Americana, A. alba, Pursh; A. spicata, A. alba, Michx.; A. brachypetala, De C. Rocky woods. Canada to Georgia, west to the I! ;>i. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. These two plants so much resemble each other that they can be distinguished only by the colour of their fruit and the shape of their pedicels, and exceptions even to these characters some tin occur. The Cimicifuga racemosa has leaves similar to these two species, but the inflorescence and fruit arc widely different. The Indian name cohosh is given to four different plants : the Actea rubra. Bed Cohosh; A. alba, White Cohosh; Cimicifuga racemosa, Black Cohosh ; and Leontice thalictroides, Blue Cohosh. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. ISO ; Griff. Med. Bot. 04 ; Lee. Car. Med. PI. N. Y. G ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 122?, Med. Prop. There is some uncertainty as to the medical proper- ties of these plants. According bo Rafinesque-, they are similar t<> those of the cimicifuga. The late Dr. Eberle informed me that the roots of the A. alba were frequently brought to him for that plant, and they appeared to have somewhat similar medical virtues, though less active. Dr. Wood supposes them to possess properties similar to those of the European A. spicata, which is purgative and some- times emetic, and in an overdose is capable o( producing dangerous effects. Cimicifuga racemosa, Ell. Cray's Man. 16. Blade Snakeroott) Battle weed ; Black Cohosh; Sqwaw-Boot. Ell., Torr. and Gr.. Torr. Fl. N. Y. ; C. serpentaria, Pursh; Actea racemosa, Linn.. Michx., Darl. ; Macrotys, Raf. and Eat. Man; : Boterophis serpentaria, Raf. Med. Fl. 40 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. i. 16 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 4 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 93 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 20 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. pi. 3. Woods and fields. Canada to Georgia, and west to Texas. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Schoepf ; Bart. Coll. pt. i. 9 and 46 ; Big. Seq. 125 ; Chap. Therap. i. 510; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 85; Dr. Garden, Am. Med. Record, vi. 609, and N. S. v. 247; Dr. Young, Am. J. Med. Sci. ix. 310; Lindsly, xxiii. 254; Dr. C. C. Hil- dreth, Am. J. Med. Sci., N. S. iii. 287 (Oct. 1842); Carson, in Per. Mat. Med. ii. 746 ; Do. Royle, Mat. Med. 246 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. 9 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 92 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 6 ; Dr. N. S. Davis, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, i. 351 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 686 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 210 ; Mitchell's Therap. 270 ; Dung. Therap. ii. 196. Med. Prop. The cimicifuga is unquestionably one of the most valuable of our indigenous medicinal plants. Dr. B. S. Barton says that it is an astringent, useful in putrid sore throat. Professor Chap- man, however, was unable to discover any astringent properties, but states that it is expectorant, narcotic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and in large doses emetic ; that, when given so as to sensibly affect the system, it produces nausea, greater freedom of expectoration, relaxation of the skin, slight nervous tremors, vertiginous affections, and a less frequent pulse, which remains so for some time. To Dr. S. Garden, of Virginia, we are indebted for a valuable communication in the American Medical Recorder (on the use of Actea racemosa in phthisis pulmonalis), giving an account of its effects in pulmonary disease in his own case and several of his patients. It relieved the cough, hectic symptoms, pain in his side, and reduced his pulse, which was 100 to 120 per minute, to its medium standard. He took from one to two ounces of the tincture daily, the strength of which is not given. Dr. Young, of Pennsylvania, first directed the attention of phy- sicians to this plant, as a remedy for chorea. He gave the powdered root in teaspoonful doses three times a day. Dr. G. B. Wood has given it with complete success in chorea after the failure of purga- tives and metallic tonics, and also derived the happiest effects from the use of it in a case of periodical convulsions connected with uterine disorder. U. S. Dis. I. c. Dr. Charles C. Hildreth employed a strong decoction of the fresh i! ki'ort o\ m KDic I L BOTAVT. H root in combination with iodine tritb much Of Jililiii Dr. N. S. Davis, in his report to the American Medio*] A - tiini, i. 852, says: " We have never known it to produce a percepti- ble increase of any (,l the secretions of the system, oor bas it the slightest stimulant qualities. But we have uniformly (bund it to lessen the frequency and force of the pulse, to soothe pain, and allay irritability." Dr. N. F. Johnson treated more than twenty eases of acutr in- flammatory rheumatism, in the New, York Hospital, with the nmiei- fuga, with the best results, the disease disappearing in from two to eight or ten days. In short, Dr. Johnson states, uthe more acute the disease, the more prompt and decided will be the action of the remedy." Dr. Davis prepares the tincture with four ounces of the root to a pint of diluted alcohol. Dose, 30 to GO drops or 20 grs. of the pow- dered root every two hours till its effects are manifest. N. S. Davis Rep. I. c. I have for some years been in the habit of giving and prescribing the cimicifuga in bronchitis, phthisis, chorea and other nervous affections, and generally with very satisfactory results. An elderly lady, who had suffered from erysipelas of the face every spring for some years, succeeded in preventing its return by the free use of a weak decoction of the root on the first approach of the precursory symptoms. Order 2. Magnoliacece, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 1(5, and Veg. King. 417 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 377. Illicium Floridanum, Ellis, Torr. and Gr. Fl. N. A. i. 42. Star Anise. Michx., Pursh. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 48 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 54 j Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 21. Swamps. Florida, Alabama, and Louisiana. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. iii. 70 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 9 : Griff. Mod. Bot. 101 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1270. Med. Prop. Dr. Bigclow, from the few trials that he made of the bark and leaves, ascribed to them tonic, stimulant, and diaphoretic properties, similar to those of cascarilla, sassafras, and eanella. Dr. Wood deems it worthy of investigation, whether the capsules 42 REPORT OX MEDICAL BOTAXY. might not be substituted for the Illicium anisatum, or star aniseed, which yields much of the oil of anise that is used in this country. Magnolia glauca, L. Gray's Man. 17. Wkite Bay ; Sweet Bay ; Beaver- Tree ; Laurel Magnolia. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. i. tab. 52; Big. Med. Bot, ii. pi. 27; Bart." Yeg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 7; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 5 : Lind. Yeg. King. 2077: Griff. Med. Bot. 97; Gray's Gen. Blust. i. pi. 23. Swamps. Massachusetts to Florida, Louisiana, and Missouri. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Eef. Bart. Coll. pt. i. 13, 47, pt. ii. 20 : Big. Med. Bot. ii. 68; Bart. Yeg. Mat. Med. i. 78; Big. Seq. 253 : ^Carson, Per. Mat. Med. ii. 733 ; Do. Boyle. Mat. Med. 248 ; Griff. Med. Bot, 96 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. X. Y. 7: Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. ii. 693 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 442 ; Mitch. Therap. 518 ; Dung. Therap. ii. 50. Med. Prop. See M. grandijlora. M. acuminata, L. Gray's Man. 17. Cucumber- Tree. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr.," Torr. Fl. X. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. i. tab. 53 ; Loud. Encyc. PI. 478. Xew York to Indiana, and mountains of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — very rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Eef. Loyd, Inaug. Thesis (1806) ; Lind. Yeg. King. 418 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 98 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. X. Y. 7 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 695; Wood, U. S. Dis. 443 ; Mitch. Therap. 518 ; Dung. Therap. ii. 50. M. umbrella, Lam. Gray's Man. 18. Umbrella- Tree. De C. Prod. ; Torr. and Gr. ; M. tripetala, Michx., Pursh, Ell. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. i. tab. 54. Woods. Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and Southern States. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. The same as for M. acuminata. M. grandiflora, L., and M. macrophylla, Michx., are found in the Southern States. The former, figured Michx. f. Sylv. tab. 71, the latter, ibid. tab. 57, Raf. Med. FL ii. No. 62, Griff. Med. Bot. 98, have the same medical properties as the three preceding officinal species. REPORT ON MKIHCAL B( Med, Prop. The bark and fruit of t; .lias are aromatic and spicy bitter tonics, destitute of astringei y. Dc Procter found in the bark of tlie grandiflora, besides volatile oil and r rin- ciplc analogous to Liriodendrin, American xiv. 95. The bark, in substance from 30 g] or in infusion, hi considerable reputation as a remedy in intermittent^ and chronic rheumatism. The tincture of the fruit, especially of the cucun tree, is highly esteemed in some places as a tonic and stomachic in dyspepsia and general debility. LiriodendrontuUpifera,L. Gray's Man. IS. Tulip-Tree ; Pop- lar ; Whitewood. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and I Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. tab. 61; Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 31 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 8; Griff. Med. Bot. . Illust. i. pi. 25. Canada to Florida, very abundant in the Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. pt. i. 14 and 47 ; Roger, Inaug. IV 1802; Thach. Dis. 10 and 25; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 108; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. 91 ; Big. Seq. 248 ; Chap. Therap. ii. 420 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 230 ; Emmet, Am. Journ. Pharm. iii. 5 ; Eberle. Mat. Med. i. 308; Carson, Per. Mat. Med. ii. 734; Do. Royle, Mat. Med. 24^ : Griff. Med. Bot. 98 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 696 ; Lee. Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 7 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 432 ; Mitchell's Therap. 507. Med. Prop. The bark is stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic. Medical qualities similar to those of the magnolias, but less aromatic. It had at one time a high reputation for intermittcnts, chronic rheu- matism, hysteria, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. montanum, Raf. Med. Fl. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 23 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 25 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 73 (P. montanum) ; Griff. Med. Bot. 116 ; Carson, Illust. of Med. Bot. i. pi. 11 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 35 and 36. Woods. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Schoepf, Mat. Med. 86 ; Bart. Coll. i. 31 and 39 ; Thach. Dis. 306 ; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 34 ; Bart, Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 9 ; Burgon, Med. Record., iii. 331 ; Chap. Therap. i. 290 ; Coxe, Dis. 491 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. p. 59 ; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 209 ; Hodgson, Am. Journ. Pharm. iii. 273 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 115 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. 18 ; Lewis, Am. Journ. Pharm. xix. 165 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 9 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 687 ; Wood, IT. S. Dis. 558 ; Mitch. Therap. 524 ; Dung. Therap. i. 185. Med. Prop. The Indians are said to have been acquainted with the purgative properties of the root of the may-apple before the settlement of this country by the whites. Nearly all authorities agree that its action is similar to that of jalap. Dr. Burgon states that it occasions more active catharsis, severe griping, and makes a more permanent impression on the system than that article ; and that its operation in all cases in which he administered it was slower, and left the bowels longer in a lax and soluble condition. Calomel and cream of tartar modify its purgative action in the same manner as they do that of jalap. According to Dr. B. S. Barton, the leaves are poisonous, and the whole plant has something of a narcotic quality. Dr. Kniestern KKI'ORT ON MI.I'J'AL JiOTANY. 17 knew airhole family that was poisoned from ha plant as greens. They were eared by the prompt exhibition of emetics. Ton-. Fl. N. V. Tin- i;<\. Beckewelder, of Bethl states that the Indians have been known to dm the young -hoots as a poison to destroy themselves. BSberle, Mat. Med. Dr. F. 11. Snow f^uve to a dog a decoction, made 1 ig two ounces of the (fresh?) leaves in a quart of water down to eight ounces, in two doses, at nine and half-past nine o'clock. The | weak, a copious salivation was pioduced, and, finally, incessant vomiting till death, which occurred before next morning. Snow. Inaug. Thesis ; Coxe, Dis. I. c. Dose of the powdered root ten to twenty grs. ; of the officinal extract five to fifteen grs. Order G. Cabombcicex, Rich. land. Nat. Syst. 13, and Veg. King. 412 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 381. Brasenia peltata, Pursh. Gray's Man. 22. Water Shield ; Water Target. Pursh, Nutt., Gray's Ann. Lye. N. Y. iv. 4G ; Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. B. hydropeltis, Muhl., Raf. Med. Fl. ; Ilydro- peltis purpurea, Michx., Ell., Big., Darl. Figured, Michx. i. tab. 29 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 17 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 119 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 39. In still water. Canada to Georgia and west to Arkansas. Vici- nity of New Albany — rare. This plant is remarkable for the thick coat of transparent, insipid, jelly-like substance that covers the submerged stalks and the under surface of the leaves. According to Dr. Gray, this jelly arises from the rapid formation and upturning of successive epithelial cells, in the same way that mucus is formed on the surface of animal mucous membranes. Gray's Gen. Illust. This state of the epidermis con- sists of a very thick layer of insoluble gelatin, in which the cells of the epidermis are introduced. Lind. Ycg. King. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. i. 90; Griff. Med. Bot. 119; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 9; J. M. Big. List Med. PL of Ohio, 6. Med. Prop. Said to be demulcent, astringent, and somewhat tonic. Order 7. Nelumbiaeciv, Bartl. Lind. Nat. Syst. 13. and Yog. King. 414; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 3S2. 48 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. JVelumbium luteum, Willd. Gray's Man. 23. Water Chinqua- pin; Yellow Nelumho. Michx., Ton*, and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Cyanms flavicomus, Pursh ; C. luteus, Nutt., Ell. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. tab. 63; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 66; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 40, 41. In water. Southern and Western States ; rare in the Eastern States. Vicinity of New Albany — very rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 41 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 119 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 10. Med. Prop. The medicinal qualities of this beautiful and inte- resting plant are probably very slight. Endlicher states that the viscid milky juice of the leaf and flower-stalks is employed as a remedy for sickness and diarrhoea, and that the petals are slightly astringent, and are used like rose-leaves. Lind. Veg. King. Order 8. Nymphxacese, Salisb. Lind. Nat. Syst. 10, and Veg. King. 409 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 383. Nymphxa odorata, Ait. Gray's Man. 24. Water-Lily . Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. 'N. alba, Michx. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 53 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 67 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 42 and 43. In ponds and sluggish streams. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — now very rare. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. iii. 134 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 44 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 119; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 10; Wood, U. S. Bis. App. 1287. Med. Prop. Demulcent and astringent. The roots are very much used by the common people in the composition of poultices, and are sometimes prescribed by physicians for the same purposes as the lead and alum poultices. Big. I. c. One of the Thorapsonian remedies. Lee. Nuphar advena, Ait. Gray's Man. 24. Yelloiv Pond-Lily ; Spatter-Dock. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Nymphs a advena, Michx. Ponds and shallow water. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. The root is a popular tonic, and the fresh root forms an excellent poultice when bruised. Torr. Fl. N. Y. ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 10. &HP0B1 ON MEDICAL Bl Ordbb 9. Sarraeemaceee, De la Pyl». Lind. I King! 129; Gray'a Bot. T< it-Book, 8 Sarracenia flava, L. Torr. and Gr. Fl. X. A. Flower. Michz., Ell., Ton-, tod • S. vii. 397 (May, 1847); Griff. Med. Bot. 127; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 689 ; Williams, ibid. 875 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 10; Mothershead, West. Lancet, ix. 178 (March, 1849) ; VI U. S. Dis. 626; Mitch. Therap. 658; Dung. Therap. i. 136; II. West, West. Lancet, ix. 441, July, 1850. Med. Prop. The numerous preceding references show the atten- tion the Sanguinaria has received from the profession, and the high estimation in which it is held as a remedial a sent. Different au- thorities, however, do not entirely agree as to its mode of operation. According to Thachor, it is emetic and cathartic. Dr. J. Bigelow, who, besides his own acquaintance with its action on the Bysl received communications from Trof. N. Smith, Prof. E. Jones, and Dr. Macbride, states that it is an acrid narcotic ; that a dose of from eight to twenty grs. of the fresh powdered root occasions heart- burn, nausea, faintness, and frequently vertigo, diminished vision, and at length vomiting, but with less certainty than other emetics. In smaller doses, such as to produce nausea without vomiting, its primary effect is to increase the frequency of the pulse, but finally to diminish it, somewhat like digitalis. Dr. Tully, who has employed it very extensively, ascribes to it the action of squills, digitalis, senega, guaiacum, and ammoniacum. I have used it more or less upwards of thirty years — generally in the form of tincture. It certainly is not purgative in an ordinary dose, nor is it expectorant ; on the contrary, it frequently cures or relieves pneumonic inflammation, while it checks or suppresses ex- pectoration. I have employed it with much advantage in incipient phthisis, pneumonia, vesicular emphysema, and spasmodic asthma. 52 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. In asthma, the tincture of lobelia acids to its efficacy. A mixture of one part laudanum to three or four of tinct. sanguinaria, in tea- spoonful doses, I have found much more efficient than all other means in relieving the excruciating pain from the passage of gallstones. In some cases of dysentery, the bloodroot, combined with opiates, has appeared to produce the best effects. I never give it as an emetic except in combination with ipecac, or ipecac, and ant. tart. Both the root and tincture are impaired by age. Dose of the recent pre- pared officinal tincture, fifteen to sixty drops (not minims) ; in smaller doses as an alterative; of the fresh powdered root from one to two or three grains. According to Griffith, the dose of the tincture is from half a drachm to half an ounce, which is too large if the tinc- ture is good. Order 11. Fumariacese, De C. Lind. Nat. Syst. 9, Veg. King. 435; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 385. \Dicentra cueularia, De C. Gray's Man. 29. Dutchman's Breeches. Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dielytra cueularia, De C, Torr. and Gr., Darl. ; Fumaria cueularia, Linn., Michx. ; Corydalis cueularia, Pursh, Big. Figured, Griff. Med. Bot. 118. Woods. Canada, Northern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Bef. and Prop. See next species. D. Canadensis, De C. Gray's Man. 29. Squirrel- Corn; Colic- Weed. Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dielytra, Torr. and Gr. ; D. eximia, Beck, Darl., not of De C. ; Corydalis Canadensis, Goldre. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 50. Woods, &c. Canada, Northern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Bef. Bidd. Synop. 13; Griff. Med. Bot. 118; J. M. Big. List of Med. PL of Ohio, 7. Mecl. Prop. Dr. Biddell supposes the root to be stimulant, diu- retic, and diaphoretic, and states that Dr. Jones used it in one- drachm doses three times a day as a substitute for mercury in vene- real complaints. Dr. J. M. Bigelow has substituted it for the Fu- maria officinalis in cutaneous diseases. The D. cueularia is said to have the same medical properties. REPORT ON KB9XOAI JiOTAVY. Fumaria offic.hialix, \>. Gray's Man. 80. Fumitory. P Big., To..-, and Gr., Torr. Bl N. V. Figured, Loud. Enoyo. PI. 602. Waste places. New ESngland to Soutb Carolina, Entrodneed from Europe. Med. Ref. Cullen, Mat. Med. ii. 48; Rat Med. Fl ii. 222; Lind. Fl. Med. 17; Griff. Med. Bot. 198; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. V. 11; Poroher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc ii. 892; Wood, U. B: I App. 1258. Med. Prop. This is one of the few plants that the celebrated Dr. Cullen commends. He says: " I have found it useful in many cases in which bitters are prescribed; but its remarkable virtues are those of clearing the skin of many disorders." lie gave two ounces of the expressed juice twice a day, but adds that the infusion or decoction of the dried plant has the same virtues. It is not much employed in this country, but has considerable reputation in Europe as a bitter and alterative, especially in diseases of the skin. Order 12. Cruciferse, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 58; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 385. Brassicacere, Lind. Veg. King. 531. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. Gray's Man. 32. Water-' Torr. and Gr. ; Sisymbrium nasturtium, Pursh, Ell. Brooks and ponds. An introduced plant, sparingly naturalized in the United States. ' Vicinity of New Albany — rare. JV. palusfare, De C. Gray's Man. 32. Marsh-Cress. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sisymbrium palustre, Pursh, Nutt., Ell. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 53, in part. Wet places. Canada to New Orleans, and west to Oregon. Vi- cinity of New Albany — not rare. The N. amphibium of some American botanists (not of Linn.) is probably only a variety of this species. Torr. and Gr. N. hispidum, De C. Cray's Man. 32. Hairy Qrtss. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sisymbrium hispidum, Poir. Wet places. Middle and Northern States — rare. N. nutans, De C. Gray's Man. 32. Flatting Oress. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. In water. Canada to New Orleans — verv rare. 54 EEPOET ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Cardamine hirsuta, L. Gray's Man. 33. Bitter Cress. De C, Hook., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. C. Pennsylvania, Muhl., Ell., Big.; C. Virginica, Michx., not of Linn. In wet, and sometimes dry places. Canada, throughout the United States, and west to the Rocky Mountains; also in Europe. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. C.fratensis, L. Gray's Man. 33. Meadow-Cress. Pursh, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Officinal, Lond., Dub. Swamps. Canada, Vermont, and New York to Wisconsin. Ap- pears to be identical with the European plant, but indigenous in this country. Torrey. Dentaria diphylla, Michx. Gray's Man.""34. Pepper-Root; Toothache-Root. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Woods. Canada to South Carolina, and west to the Mississippi. Arabis lyrata, L. Gray's Man. 35. Rock-Cress. Pursh, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sisymbrium arabidoides, Hook., Darl. On rocks. Canada, Northern States, Virginia, and west to Wis- consin. A. dentata, Torr. and Gr. Gray's Man. 35. Toothed Cress. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sisymbrium dentatum, in Dr. Short's 3d Supplement. River banks. Western New York and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. A. levigata, DeC Gray's Man. 36. Smooth Rock-Cress. Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. pendula, Nutt., not of Linn.; Turrites levigata, Muhl., Pursh. Rocky woods. Canada and Northern States, west to Arkansas. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. A. Canadensis, L. Gray's Man. 36. Sickle Pod. Ell., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. falcata, Michx., Pursh, Big. Rocky places. Canada to Georgia, and west to Arkansas. Vi- cinity of New Albany — rare. Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. Gray's Man. 37. Winter-Cress ; REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. H Yellow Rocket. Do C, Darl., T-.rr. and (Jr., Torr. I'!. N. V. Erysimum barbarca, Linn. Banks of streams, kc. Northern States, and west to Ol Portland, Ky., opposite New Albany; also in Europe. Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. Gray's Man. 88. Hedge ttfusi Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Erysimum officinale, Linn., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big. Road-sides and waste places. A European plant, thoroughly naturalized throughout the United States, and west to Oregon. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Lepidium Virqinicum, L. Gray's Man. 40. Wild Peppergran. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 73. Fields and waste places. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — very frequent. Capsella bursa past oris, Moench. Gray's Man. 41. Shepfto rd't Purse. De C., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Thlaspi bursa pastoris, L., Pursh, Ell., Big. An introduced plant, very .common throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — very frequent. Med. Prop. Said to be astringent. Employed in diarrhoea, dysentery, and bloody urine. Porcher. Dr. Catley informs us that a decoction of the plant in milk is in common use in England, to cure calves of purging. Med. Prop. The fifteen foregoing species of cruciferous plants. and a few others which are found in catalogues and other works on medicinal plants, possess analogous medicinal virtues. Indeed, the whole order is one of the most natural of the vegetable kingdom. both in respect to botanical affinities and medicinal properties. Ni- trogen abounds in it, and occasions the fetid animal odour given out in putrefaction. Antiscorbutic, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, and deobstrnent; has been employed in scurvy, chronic coughs, dropsies, and diseases of the skin; in the form of infusion: in substance frequently, as a salad; or the expressed juice may be used in doses of one or two ounces. 56 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Order 18. Capparidacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 61, Yeg. King. 367; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 386. Cfynandropsis pentaphylla, De C. Wood, Class-Book of Bot., 2d ed. 172; Torr. and Gr. Cleome pentaphylla, L., Pursh, Nutt. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 78. Cultivated grounds. Pennsylvania and Southern States ; also West Indies, and equinoctial America ; Ains. Mat. Med. ii. Med. Prop. " Considered a powerful sudorific, and in Asia is used externally in headache and other cephalic affections." Dr. Macfadyen states that the juice, either alone or mixed with oil, is an excellent remedy in earache, as a topical application. Griff. Med. Bot. 136 ; Merat and De Lens, ii. 313 ; Ains. Mat. Ind. ii. 224, 451. Polanisia yraveolens, Raf. Gray's Man. Bot. 42. Clammy- Weed; Stinkweed. De C, Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Cleome dodecandra, Michx., Pursh, Big.; C. dodecandra, var. Canadensis, Linn. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 22 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 74 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 79. Gravelly banks of streams. Yermont, west to Arkansas. Yicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. ' Schoepf, Mat. Med.; Bart. Coll. pt. i. 6Q ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 61 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 136 ; J. M. Big. List. Med. PL of Ohio, 8. Med. Prop. According to Schoepf, the root is anthelmintic. Rafinesque states that the whole plant and the seeds have the same properties as the Chenopodium anthelminticum, and that the decoc- tion and powder may be used in the same doses. Dr. W. Barton, according to Rafinesque, thought it an active deleterious plant. Order 14. Violacese, De C. Lind. Nat. Syst. 63, Yeg. King. 338 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 387. Viola sagittata, Ait. Gray's Man. 45. Arrow-leaved Violet. Pursh., Ell., Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 3d ed. 388 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 80. Yar. ovata, Yiola ovata, Nutt., De C. Figured, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xiii. 310. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Hill-sides and fields. Canada to Florida, west to Arkansas. Vi- cinity of New Albany — not frequent. V. cuculata, Ait. Gray's Man. 45. Hood-leaved Violet. Pur.-li, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. El. N. Y. V. papilionacea, Pursh; V. obliqua, Ait.; V. affinis, Leconte, var. sororia; V. soro- ria, Willd. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Al- bany— very common. V. palmata, L. Gray's Man. 45. Palmate Violet. Michx., Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. V. heterophylla, Leconte. Fields and woods. Canada to New Orleans, west to Arkansas. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. V. pedata, L. Gray's Man. 45. Pedate Violet. Michx., Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. V. digitata, Pursh. Dry, sandy soil. Canada to Florida, west to Missouri. Vicinity of New Albany, on the barrens. Officinal, U. 8. Pharm. Secondary. V. pubescens, Ait. Gray's Man. 46. Yellow Violet. Nutt., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. V. Pennsylvanica, Michx. Woods. Canada to Georgia, west to Missouri. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. V. tricolor, L.; var. arvensis. Gray's Man. 46. Field Violet; Pansy. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. V. bicolor, Pursh, Nutt., Schwein; V. arvensis, Ell.; V. tenella, Muhl., Leconte. Dry rocky hills. New York to Georgia, west to Missouri and Arkansas. Med. Kef. Big. Seq. 399 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 275 ; Merat and De Lens, vi. 900 ; Williams, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xiii. 310 (Feb. 1834) ; Lind. Fl. Med. 97 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 140 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 12 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 714 ; Williams, ibid. 889 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 742. Med. Prop. The different species of violet are reputed to have like medical virtues. The fresh plant and root are employed. The V. pedata, tricolor, and ovata (a var. of the sagittata) have been most used. Dr. Williams prefers the latter, which, he states, yields the greatest quantity of mucilage. Demulcent, expectorant, altera- 58 EEPOET ON MEDICAL BOTANY. tive, and in large doses emetic and laxative. The decoction of the fresh plant, or the expressed juice, is used in cutaneous affections, chronic inflammation of the eyes, &c, internally and externally. The root, in substance, acts as an emetic in the dose of thirty grains to one drachm. Violine, somewhat resembling emetia, is the active principle of these plants. Obdee 15. Cistaceas, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 91, and Yeg. King. 349; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 389. Helianihemum Canadense, Michx. Gray's Man. 47. Hock-Hose; Frost Plant. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. H. ramuliflorum, Michx., Pursh, Ell. ; H. corymbosum and rosmarinifolium, Pursh; Cistus Canadensis, Linn., Big. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 87. Dry, gravelly, or sandy soil; Canada to Florida, west to Missouri. H. corymbosum, Michx. Gray's Man. 48. Michx., Ell., Torr. and Gr. Sterile places. New Jersey to Florida. Med. Kef. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 209 (Cistus) ; Brocket, West. Lan- cet, iii. 432 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 138 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1266 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. Ohio, 9. Med. Prop. Dr. Ives, of New Haven, considers the H. Canadense a valuable remedy in scrofula. Dr. Parrish, of Philadelphia, used it internally with much benefit in scrofulous affections of the eyes. According to Dr. Tytler, the H. corymbosum has the same proper- ties, and is used indiscriminately with the H. Canadense, in scrofula, diarrhoea, secondary syphilis, &c; may be given freely, in decoction, syrup, or extract, though a strong decoction and the extract some- times produce vomiting. See U. S. Dis. I. c. Obdee 16. Droseraceae, De C. Lind. Nat. Syst. 6Q, and Veg. King. 433;. Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 388. Drosera rotundifolia, L. Gray's Man. 50. Sundew. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sphagnous swamps. Arctic America to Florida; also in Europe. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 217; Merat and De Lens, ii. 689; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 715. Med. Prop. The infusion is pectoral, and has been employed in REPOltT ON M I.I.I' | L BOO 411. asthma and other affections of tin- longs. The jnioe ki jiven internally in dropsy and di teasel of the lei .'1 applie I i nally to destroy warts, remove freckles, &c. Order 17. Hyperieacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 77, and Vi _ King. 405; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 390. Ascyrum Crux-Andrese, L. Gray's Man. 52. St. /'• '■ Pursh, Ell., Darl., Ton*, and Gr. A. multicaulc, Michx. Sandy, barren soil. New Jersey to Florida, and Western »Q; Vicinity of New Albany — not very frequent. " The infusion of the bruised root and branches of this plant wa.- used by an Indian with success in the case of a female, under our observation, with an ulcerated breast which had resisted all other attempts at relief. We have seen it employed, with entire satisfac- tion, on the person of an infant having a painful enlargement of the submaxillary gland. It is given internally, and applied topically." Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 716. Hypericum perforatum, L. Gray's Man. 53. St. John's Wort. Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 658. Fields and pastures. Many parts of the United States. An in- troduced plant. Med. lief. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 229 ; Merat and De Lens, iii. 57<">; Lind. Fl. Med. 117 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 157 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 13 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1269. Med. Prop. This plant was formerly in high repute as a remedy in intermittents, hemorrhages, dysentery, ami affections of the lungs. and is at present a popular domestic medicine in some parts of Europe. Dr. G. B. Wood thinks it somewhat analogous in medici- nal power to the turpentines. Oil or lard, in which the flowers haw been infused, is said to be an excellent application to ulcers, for the reduction of tumours, &C, which, from some trials with it. Dr. Grif- fith is disposed to think favourably of; and observes that, whatever may be the real value of this plant as a medicinal agent, it deserves attention, and that a fair trial should be made of it. II. Sarothra, Michx. Gray's Man. 54. Ora nc/t -Grass : Pi>h Nitweed. Michx., Pursh., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. X. Y. Sarothra gentianoides, L., Elk, Big.; S. hyperiooides, Nutt., Bart. 60 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 92 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. i. pi. 93. Sandy fields, &c. ; Canada to Florida, west to the Mississippi. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 261 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 716. "Employed as an aperient in inflammatory affections." Porcher. Rafinesque states that it is boiled, and applied to contusions, bruises, and sprains. Order 18. Caryopfyyllacese, Juss. Lind. Veg. King. 496 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 391. Silenaceee and Alsinaceae, Lind. Nat. Syst. 124 and 125. Saponaria officinalis, L. Gray's Man. 57. Soapwort ; Bouncing Bet. Pursh, Big., Dark, Ton. and Gr., Ton. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 370. Waste places. New York to Georgia, west to Indiana. Vicinity of New Albany — a naturalized plant. Med. Ref. Chap. Therap. i. 370 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 261 ; Mdrat and De Lens, vi. 220 ; Eberle, Mat. Med. ii. 233 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 158; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 13; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 729; Wood, IT. S. Dis. App. 1301. Med. Prop. The soapwort has had considerable reputation in Europe, especially in France and Germany, as a remedial agent in secondary syphilis and syphilitic rheumatic affections, and has been employed with much benefit in cutaneous and scrofulous diseases. Dr. Eberle states that he saw a case of herpetic eruption entirely cured after it had resisted other treatment. By some it is considered equal, if not superior to sarsaparilla in medicinal power. Its medi- cinal virtues reside in a proximate principle called saponin, which is also found in several other plants of this order, namely, the Dian- thus, Lychnis, and Silene; also in Anagallis, one of the Primulaceas. The root is the most active part ; two ounces of it may be boiled in two quarts of water down to one, of which one or two quarts may be given in twenty-four hours. The inspissated juice, and the extract, are also employed. Silene JPennsylvanica, Michx. Gray's Man. 58. Wild Pink. Michx., Ell., Ton. and Gr., Ton. Fl. N. Y. S. Carolineana, Walt. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 115. Dry, rocky places. Canada to Georgia, west to Kentucky. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 01 Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 263 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. ; Wood, IT. S. Dis. App. 1303. S. Virginica, L. Gray's Man. 58. Fire Pink; Virginian Catch- Jig. Michx., Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. 8. Catesbri; Walt. Woods. Canada to Georgia, west to the Mississippi. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 40 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 263 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 13; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 729; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1303. Med. Prop. A decoction of the roots of these plants is reputed to be anthelmintic, and some of the Indians considered the S. Vir- ginica poisonous. Lgchnis githago, Lam. Gray's Man. 60. Com- Cockle; Rose Campion. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Agrostemma githago, Linn., Pursh, Darl. In fields of grain. A naturalized European plant. Vicinity of New Albany — not very frequent. Med. Prop. According to Cardier, the seeds of the cockle are somewhat acrid, but are not poisonous, as has been supposed, when ground with grain. Many of the older writers recommend them highly in some cutaneous diseases, hemorrhages, and as an external application in ulcers and fistulas. Merat and De Lens, i. 115; Griff. Med. Bot. 158. Order 19. Portulacacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 123, and Veg. King. 500 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 393. Portulacca oleraeea, L. Gray's Man. 67. Purslane. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Cultivated and waste places throughout North America. An in- troduced plant, but, according to Nuttall and Dr. James, is indige- nous on the saline plains of Missouri. Vicinity of New Albany — a common and troublesome weed. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 252; Herat and De Lens, v. 458 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 728; Wood, IT. S. Dis. App. 1298. Med. Prop. Said to be diuretic, antispasmodic, &c. Also useful in strangury. Not known to be employed at the present time. 6 62 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Order 20. Malvacese, Juss. (in part). Lind. Nat. Syst. 95, and Veg. King. 368 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 894. Abutilon Avicennse, Gasrt. Gray's Man. 68. Indian Malloiv ; Velvet Leaf. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sida abutilon, Willd., Pursh, Ell., Dark An East Indian plant, naturalized in most, if not all, parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Sida spinosa, L. Gray's Man. 68. Prickly Sida. Micbx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. El. N. Y. Road-sides, &c. New York to Florida, and west to Indiana and Arkansas. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Napsea dioica, L. Gray's Man. 60. Glade- M 'allow. Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. 55. Sida dioica, Pursh, Torr. and Gr. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 119. Pennsylvania to Virginia, and west to Ohio and Illinois. Malva rotundifolia, L. Gray's Man. 69. Low Malloiv. Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. In cultivated grounds and around buildings. A naturalized European plant. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. M. sglvestris, L. Gray's Man. 69. High Mallow. Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. A foreign plant. Naturalized in some places. Officinal, Lond. and Ed. Pharm. Althea officinalis, L. Gray's Man. 70. Marsh-Mallow. Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Salt marshes. A naturalized European plant. Officinal, American and British Pharmacopoeias. Hibiscus Virginicus, L. Gray's Man. 70. Virginian Hibiscus. Michx., Pursh, Elk, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Marshes near the sea. New York to Florida. H. moscheutos, L. Gray's Man. 70. Marsh or Sivamp Hibiscus. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOI Miehx., Purah, Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. V. II. patartrit, L., Pursh. Borders of marshes. Canada and throughout the United States. Med. Prop. The general character of the foregoing species of malvaccous plants, and indeed of the whole order, is to abound in mucilage. Malva sylvestris and Althea officinalis have been em- ployed in medicine from the earliest times. As demulcents and emollients, they have been much used in dysentery, and in affec- tions of the lungs and urinary organs. In Europe, especially in France, the mucilage, made by a decoction of the roots, is used as a common drink or ptisan in many diseases. Order 21. Tiliacese, Juss. (in part). Lind. Nat. Syst. 99, and Yeg. King. 371 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 395. Tilia Americana, L. Gray's Man. 72. Basswood ; Lin Whitewood ; Lime-Tree. Willd., Michx. f. Sylv., Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. T. glabra, Pursh, Ell., Darl. ; T. Canadensis, Michx. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 131 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 136. Woods. Canada to Georgia, and west to the Mississippi. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Ilef. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 268 ; Williams, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 880. Med. Prop. According to Dr. "Williams, Dr. Walmsley first used a mucilage prepared by macerating the inner bark of this tree in cold water, as a remedy in burns. Dr. Williams states that he has found it more useful than any other remedy that he has employed. He generally uses it in the form of a thin poultice made by boiling the bark in milk and water to make a mucilage, which is thickened by the addition of a little bran. He states that it is more soothing than any other application he has ever tried, giving relief when topical anodyne applications have failed. Order 22. 3Ieliaeecc, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 101, and Yeg. King. 463 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 397. Melia Azedaraeh, L. Ell. Sk. i. 475. Pride of India. Willd., Torr. and Gr. Figured, Griff. Med. Bot. 179. 64 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. A native of many parts of Asia, and naturalized in the Southern States. Dr. James, however, found it on the Canadian river, where he thinks it to be a native. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 41 and 64, ii. 53; Thach. Dis. 267; Chap. Therap. ii. 22 ; Mdrat and De Lens. iv. 290 ; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 217 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 151 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 179 ; Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 723 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 135. Med. Prop. Prof. B. S. Barton professed the greatest confidence in the anthelmintic properties of the azedarach. Dr. Kollock, of Georgia, says it has succeeded with him in some cases when all others in common use had failed. It appears to possess some narcotic pro- perties similar to the spigelia. The most usual form of administra- tion is the decoction made by boiling two ounces of the fresh bark of the root in a pint of water to half the quantity, of which from half an ounce to two ounces may be given every three or four hours till it operates. It sometimes requires to be followed by a purga- tive. See Thach. Dis., and Griff. Med. Bot. I. c. Order 23. Gferaniacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 137, and Yeg. King. 493 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 399. Geranium maculatum,~L. Gray's Man. 74. Cranesbill. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 8 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 13 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 42 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 210 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 150. Rich open woods, fence-rows, &c. Canada to Florida, and west to Missouri. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Schoepf, Mat. Med. 107 ; Bart. Coll. i. 8 and 45, ii 1 and 47 ; Thach. Dis. 224 ; Big. Med. Bot. i. 84 ; Bart. Veg. Mat Med. i. 149: Big. Seq. 196; Chap. Therap. ii. 496; Raf. Med. Fl i. 215; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 382 ; Carson, Per. Mat, Med. ii. 751 Do. Royle, Mat. Med. 573 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 209 ; Lee, Cat. Med PI. N. Y. 14 ; G. M. Maclean, New York Journ. of Med. x. 375 : Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 731 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 350 ; Mitch. Therap. 431. Med. Prop. The cranesbill is one of the most pleasant and useful of our indigenous astringents. The medical references attest the high estimation in which it is held by many of the most experienced REPORT ON MEDICAL l:OT.\ NY. physicians of tlio United States. T)r. Eberle bat a ehi and obstinate ulceration of the mouth was cured by a gargle m of the root, after the failure of a great variety of Bobslanoei given by himself and others. The diseases in which it has the g reputation are diarrhoea, cholera infantum, chronic dysentery, and ulcerations of the mouth and throat. Dr. G. M. Maclean informs me that he has found a gargle of the infusion of the root more bene- ficial in mercurial sore mouth than any other remedy. See also N. Y. Journ. Med. I. c. The decoction is made by boiling an ounce of the bruised root in a pint of water or milk, of which two or three tablespoonfuls may be given for a dose. Dose of the powdered root twenty to thirty grains. Gr. Carolinianum, L. Gray's Man. 74. Michx., Tursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dry fields, &c. Canada to Florida, west to the Rocky Mountains. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Gr. Robertianum, L. Gray's Man. 74. Herb Robert. Porsb, Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Lind. Veg. King. 493. Rocky places. Canada to Virginia, west to Missouri; also in Europe. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. i. 219; Lind. Fl. Med. 221; Griff. Med. Bot. 211 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 14. Med. Prop. The two preceding species are said to be somewhat astringent and diuretic. Order 24. Oxalidaceve, De C. Lind. Nat. Syst. 140, and Veg. King. 488 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 400. Oxalis acetoseUa, L. Gray's Man. 75. Common Wood-Sorrel. Michx., Pursh, Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 6S ; Griff. Med. Bot. 208. Woods. Canada to Maine, and west to Michigan ; also in Europe. Officinal, Lond. Pharm. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 46 ; Merat and De Lens, v. 182 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 222; Tor. Mat. Med. ii. 030; Griff. Med. Bot. 210 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 12. 66 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 0. violacea, L. Gray's Man. 75. Violet Wood-Sorrel. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Terr, and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 144. Woods. Canada to Georgia, and west to Missouri. Vicinity of NeW Albany — not very common. 0. stricta, L. Gray's Man. 75. Yellow Wood-Sorrel. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. 5. T. Fields. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Prop. Antiscorbutic and refrigerant. The infusion of the leaves was formerly used as a cooling drink in febrile diseases, but is now seldom employed. The acidity of these plants is owing to the binoxalate of potash which they contain. See Med. Ref. under 0. acetosella. Order 25. Zygopliyllacese, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 133, and Veg. King. 478 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 400. Larrea 3Iexicana, Moric. Torrey, Emory's Rep. 138. L. glutinosinn, Engelm. Creosote Plant ; Iodeodondo G-ubernadora ; Gruamis ; Hediondes. Figured, Emory's Rep. pi. 3 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 147. Upper Arkansas, Southern Texas, New Mexico, and Northern Mexico. A shrub from three to eight feet high, abounding in a strong- scented resinous matter, which is used both externally and inter- nally as a remedy for rheumatism and some other complaints. The following valuable account of its remedial efficacy is an ex- tract from a letter from Dr. J. M. Bigelow, Surgeon of the United States and Mexico Boundary Commission, dated Socoro, New Mexico, March 13, 1851: — " About this place, they boil the leaves and branches in water. This decoction is boiled down to the consistence of a gummy ex- tract, which is spread on flannel and applied to bruises and contu- sions as an anodyne discutient. I have used it in substance and in alcoholic tincture, internally and externally, as a liniment. The tincture is made by digesting an ounce of the bruised leaves and petioles in a pint of alcohol, six or eight days. I give it, in doses of forty to eighty drops, three times daily. Externally, I rub the affected parts freely with the tincture. REPORT ON MEDICAL UOTANY. " In a case of venereal nodes, when the neuralgic or nocturnal pains were very severe, I gave sarsaparilla and Lam in the form of decoction, in doses of three tablespoonfals, thi daily, in each dose of which were dissolved fiv. e of potassium. This treatment, with the addition of a single applica- tion of a vesicatory on the swellings, had the effect to relieve the pains immediately and entirely. The nodes were dispersed entir by continuance of this treatment, in three or four the subject of this case, was of a thin and apparently scrofulous habit. He had been under the treatment of a distinguished army physician for chancre, and, I believe, buboes. In consequence of these circumstances, I was fearful of the effects of mercury on bis system, and I adopted this plan of treatment with the most salutary results. I have used it with most decided effect in five or six cases of chronic rheumatism, when effusion and deposits had taken place in the extremities. Many of these cases were cured by a short course of this treatment. I believe it to be an excellent adjuvant to the iodide of potassium in all those cases of chronic rheumatism complicated with a syphilitic taint of the system." G-uaidcum sanctum, L. De C. Prod. i. 706. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 148. Key West, Mr. Bladgett, Dr. Gray. West Indies, and probably East Florida. This tree is often confounded with the G. officinale. The gum guaiacum of the shops is obtained indiscriminately from both species. Gr. angustifoUum, Engelm. In AVislizenus's Memoir of a Tour to Northern Mexico, Botanical Appendix, 113. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 149. Supposed to have the same medical virtues as the other species of guaiacum. Order 26. Balsam in iaccce, Ait., Rich. Lind. Nat Syst. 138, and Veg. King. 490 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 400. Impatiens pallida, Nutt. Gray's Man. 76. Touch-me-not. Xutt.. Gen., De C, Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. I. noli me tan- gere, var. a. Michx., Pursh, Ell. Moist and shady places. Canada, and most parts of the United States. Vicinity of Xew Albany — not rare. 68 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. I. fuha, Nutt. Gray's Man. 76. Jewel-Weed; Balsam- Weed. Nutt., Gen., De C, Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. I. biflora, Walt., Pursh, Ell.; I. noli me tangere, var. b. Michx., Big.; I. ma- culata, Muhl. Damp and shady places. Canada, United States, and Oregon. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 231; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N.Y. 15; Wood, U. S. Dis. 1270 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 732. Med. Prop. These two plants are said to possess similar medical qualities. In large doses, emetic and cathartic. Dr. Ruan, of Phila- delphia, employed an ointment, made by boiling the recent plant in lard, with great advantage in piles. Dr. Wood, U. S. Dis. I. c. According to Rafinesque, they are used, in jaundice and asthma, in the form of tea. Order 27. Zanthoxylaceee, Nees and Mart. Lind. Nat. Syst. 135, and Yeg. King. 427 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 400. Zanthoxylum Americanum, Mill. Gray's Man. 77. Prickly Ash. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Z. fraxineum, Pursh, De C, Big. ; Z. ramiflorum, Michx. ; Z. Clava Herculis, var. L. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 59; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 96; Griff. Med. Bot. 196 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 156. Rocky woods, &c. Canada to Virginia, and west to Arkansas. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 26-54, ii. 38; Thach. Dis. 370; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 156; Burgon, Am. Med. Record, iii. 333; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 113 ; Chap. Therap. i. 370 ; Eberle, Mat. Med. ii. 231 ; Am. Journ. Pharm. i. 165 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 195 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 16 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 730 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 745. Z. Carolinianum, Lam. Torr. and Gr. Fl. N. A. i. 214. South- ern Prickly Ash. Lam. Diet. Z. tricarpum, Michx. (not of Hook.), Pursh, Ell. ; Z. fraxinifolium, Walt. Sandy soil near the sea-coast. North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and west to Arkansas. Torr. and Gr. Med. Prop. The properties of the two species of prickly ash are identical, but the southern plant is said to be the most acrid. They are thought to possess properties analogous to those of the mezereon and guaiac, and are employed in the same complaints, REPORT ON MEDICAL IlOTANV. 6Q especially in chronic rheumatism. Dose of the powder of the bark of the root, ten to thirty grains. A decoction, made by boiling an ounce in three pints of water down to a quart, may be given in the quantity of a pint in divided doses daily. Dr. "Wood, (J. B. Difl. I. c. Some Thompsonians, or herb-doctors, use a tincture of the bark combined with the tincture of lobelia in cholera infantum and some other diseases. Ptelea trifoliata, L. Gray's Man. 78. Shrubby Trefoil; Stink- ing Ash. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. FL N. Y. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 157. Rocky places. New York to Florida, and west to Indiana and Texas. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Said to cure intermittents. Ridd. According to Schoepf, an in- fusion of the leaves and young shoots is anthelmintic. The aroma- tic and bitter fruit is affirmed to be a good substitute for hops. Me- rat and De Lens, v. 530; Raf., Griff., Lee. Order 28. Anacardiaoese, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 166, and Veg. King. 145; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, i. 403. Rhus typhina, L. Gray's Man. 79. Stag shorn Sumach. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Rocky hills. Canada to South Carolina and Louisiana, and west to Wisconsin. Med. properties the same as those of R. glabra. R. glabra, L. Gray's Man. 70. Smooth Sumach. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. PL N. Y. R. elegans, Ait., Ell. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 159. Rocky and barren places. Most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. 320; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 256 ; Dr. Wm. M. Fahnestock, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. v. 61 ; Wm. B. Rogers, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xxvii. 294 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 186 ; Lee, Cat. Mod. PI. N. Y. 15 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 747 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 598. Med. Prop. The fruit, or berries as they are sometimes incor- rectly called, of this species is officinal in the U. S. Fkarm. Those 70 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. of the typhina and copallina have similar, if not identical, properties. The acidity is owing to the binoxalate of lime contained in the hairs or glands of the fruit, the infusion of which has been used as a cooling drink in fevers, and as a gargle in affections of the throat. Dr. Fahnestock considers the infusion of the inner bark of the root as almost a specific in mercurial sore mouth. I have, however, employed it in one case without perceiving any decided advantage from its use. The leaves are astringent, and have been used as a substitute for galls. R. copallina, L. Gray's Man. 79. Mountain Sumach. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Barren places. Canada to Florida, and west to Arkansas. Vi- cinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Prop. The same as those of R. glabra. R. venenata, De C. Gray's Man. 79. Poison Sumach. De C, Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. R. vernix, L., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 10. Swamps. Canada and Northern States, to Georgia and Louisiana, and west to Ohio and Wisconsin. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. 321 ; Big. Med. Bot, i. 96 ; Eaf. Med. Fl. ii. 257, &c. Med. Prop. The most poisonous of our species of rhus, except, perhaps, the R. pumila. An excellent account of its poisonous action will be found in Bigelow's Medical Botany. It has been little, if at all, employed for medicinal purposes. R. pumila, Michx. Torr. and Gr. Fl. N. A. i. 217 ; Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr. I. c. Grassy pine barrens, &c. North and South Carolina. Pursh says it is the most poisonous of the species, Mr. Lyon having been severely poisoned by it from collecting the seed ; not known to be used as a medicine, though it and the venenata are sup- posed to possess medical properties similar to those of the R. toxico- dendron. R. toxicodendron, L. Gray's Man. 79. Poison Ivy ; Poison Vine; Poison Oak. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. R. radicans of L. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 71 Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 42. "Woods, fields, &c. Canada to Florida, and west to the Kocky Mountains. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Kef. Bart. Coll. i. 23 and .02, ii. 31 and 88; Thach. Dis. 321 ; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 19; Chap. Therap. i. 371 j Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 256; Eberle, West. Journ. Med. and Phys. Sci. iv. 33, and West. Med. Gaz. i. 292; Eberle, Mat. Med. ii. 116; Griff. Med. Bot. 184 ; Wilkes, West. Journ. Med. and Surg. 3d S. ii. 3G4 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 16; Wood, U. S. Dis. 717. Med. Prop. The powdered leaves were given by Dr. Alderson in four cases of paralysis, in doses of half a grain to a grain, with marked success. The first symptom of amendment was a prickling feeling, or a twitching of the palsied limbs. Others, however, have not been so successful. It has also been used with advantage in obstinate cutaneous diseases. In large doses, it is said to be laxative. It is probable that the active principle is volatile, as large doses of the extract have been given with little effect. For an excellent account of its peculiar action on certain individuals, see Big. Med. Bot. I. c. In order to test its poisonous action, Mr. Wilkes, a medical stu- dent, took a gill of a strong decoction of the leaves and vine after supper. The next morning his face was much swollen, which con- tinued to increase till his eyes were completely closed. He used a wash of hyd. bichlor. gr. i, and ammon. hydrochlor. ii to an ounce of water, and the swelling disappeared in thirty-six hours. West. Journ. Med. and Surg. 3d S. ii. 364. Order 29. Aceraceas, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 81, and Veg. King. 387 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 404. Acer Pennsylvanicum, L. Gray's Man. 80. Striped Maple ; Striped Dogwood. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. striatum, Lam., Michx. f. Sylv., Big. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. i. tab. 45; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 174 (in part). Mountain woods. Canada and Northern States, and on the Alleghany Mountains to Kentucky and Georgia. A decoction of the bark has some reputation as a remedy for erup- tions of the skin taken internally, and as an external application. Williams, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 915. A decoction of the 72 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. leaves and twigs is said to be very effectual in relieving nausea and vomiting. A. rubrum, L. Gray's Man. 81. Red Maple. Michx., Ell., Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. i. tab. 41. Swamps and banks of streams. Canada to Florida, and west to Oregon. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. The inner bark is a mild and pleasant astringent. Rafinesque says the Cherokee Indians use a decoction of it for sore eyes. Order 30. Sapindacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 81, and Veg. King. 382; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 405. Dr. Gray has been convinced, since the publication of his Manual, that hippocastanacese should rank only as a tribe under Sapindaceae. See his Gen. Illust. ii. 203. JEsculus glabra, Willd. Gray's Man. 82. Fetid Buckeye ; Ohio Buckeye. Pursh, De C, Torr. and Gr. A. pallida, Willd. ; A. echinata, Muhl. ; Pavia Ohioensis, Michx. f. Sylv. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 92 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 177. Banks of rivers, &c. Western Pennsylvania to Indiana, Michigan, and Mississippi. A. flava, Ait. Gray's Man. 82. Sweet Buckeye ; Large Buck- eye. Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr. A. lutea, Wang., Michx. ; Pavia flava, De C. ; P. lutea, Poir., Michx. f. Sylv. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 91. In rich soil. Western States, and along the Alleghany Mount- ains from Virginia to Georgia. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. A. pavia, L. Torr. and Gr. Fl. N. A. i. 252. Small Buckeye. Michx., Pursh, Ell. Also, A. discolor, Pursh ? Pavia rubra, Lam. ; Pavia hybrida, De C. ? Fertile valleys. Virginia to Louisiana and Arkansas. Med. Ref. Griff. Med. Bot. 215 ; J. M. Big. List of Med. PI. of Ohio, 10; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 717. Med. Prop. The leaves, fresh fruit, and bark of the small branches are narcotic. The tender branches of the A. pavia, bruised and thrown into a small pool of water, stupefy fish. Ell. Sk. i. 435. The REPORT OH MEDICAL UOTANV. fresh fruit, made into a paste, produces the same gHeOto. The fruit makes excellent starch, but, according to I'r. Woodhou in which it is washed is narcotic and poisonone. Dr. BfcDowel states that ten grains of the powder of the rind of the fruit are equivalent to three grains of opium. The crushed fruit of the A. hippocastanum, the horse-chestnut, an exotic species, is given to sheep, when fattening them, in Switzerland, which is said to improve the flavour of the mutton. Lind. Veg. King. 384 (note). Cardiospermum lleliocacabum, L. Torr. and Gr. i. 254. Heart- Seed; Balloon Vine. Michx., Pursh, Ell. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 181. An East Indian plant, frequently cultivated and naturalized in some of the Southern and Western States. Dr. Gray thinks it is indigenous in Louisiana and Texas. Med. Ref. Ains. Mat. Ind. ii. 204; Merat and De Lens, ii. 103 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 121, Veg. King. 384; Griff. Med. Bot. 212. Med. Prop. A decoction of the root is considered aperient by the native practitioners of India. Rheede states that, on the Mala- bar coast, the leaves are administered in pulmonary complaints. Not known to be used in this country. Order 31. Celastracese, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 119, and Veg. King. 580 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 400. Oelastrus scandens, L. Gray's Man. 83. Staff-Tree; Wax- Work; Bittersiveet. Michx., Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 170. Woods. Canada to Virginia and west to Mississippi. Vicinity of New Albany — not very frequent. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 28; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 20(3; Ridd. Synop. 33 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 219 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL X. Y. 17 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1240. Med. Prop. The bark is said to be a stimulating and somewhat narcotic emetic. In smaller doses, diuretic. lias been used in chronic hepatic complaints and syphilis. Dose of the powdered bark of the root, one drachm three times a day. Ridd. Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq. Gray's Man. 84. Indian 74 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Arrow-Wood; Spindle- Tree ; Walioo or Walloon. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Griff. Med. Bot. 259. Moist woods. Canada to Florida, and west to Mississippi. Vici- nity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 220; Griff. Med. Bot. 219; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 17 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 728; C. A. Santos, Am. Journ. Pharm. xx. 80; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1257. Med. Prop. The bark of the root of the Indian arrow-wood or wahoo is laxative, diuretic, and probably somewhat tonic, accord- ing to its dose and mode of administration. It has been used with advantage in dropsy and affections of the liver. Dr. Kniestern states that a quack medicine of some repute has been prepared from it. As a diuretic, the dose of a decoction made with an ounce of the bark to a pint of water is a wineglassful several times a day. Dr. Wood thinks it might well form an object of further examina- tion. E. Americanus, L. Gray's Man. 84. Burning Bush ; Straw- berry-Tree. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. FL N. Y. Figured, Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 20 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 171, var. obovatus. Moist woods and rocky places. Canada to Florida, and west to Mississippi. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Prop. Supposed to possess the same medical virtues as the preceding species, though it does not appear to have been much employed. Order 32. Bhamnacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 107, and Veg. King. 581; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 406. Bhamnus cathartieus, L. Gray's Man. 84. Buckthorn. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A European shrub, naturalized in a few places in New England and New York. Officinal, Lond. Pharm. Med. Prop. The berries are a drastic purgative. Seldom used in this country, except occasionally in the form of the syrup, which is officinal in the British Pharmacopoeias. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 75 Ceanothus Americanus, L. Gray's Man. 85. New Jersey Tea ; Bed-Root. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Or., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 169. Dry and barren soil. Canada and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent on the barrens. Med. Ref. Mdrat and De Lens, ii. 165 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 205 ; Hubbard, Bost. Med. and Surg. Journ. (Sept. 1835); Griff. Med. Bot. 218 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 18; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 724 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1240. Med. Prop. The leaves and roots are powerful and pleasant astringents, and have been employed with much success in diarrhoea, dysentery, ulcerated sore throat, &c. Dr. Hubbard states that he has succeeded in curing ulcerated sore throat with it when all other means had failed. He used a strong decoction of the leaves and seeds. See MeYat and De Lens, and Griff. Order 33. Vitacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 30, and Veg. King. 439 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 407. Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. Gray's Man. 87. American Ivy; Virginia Creeper. Michx., Hook., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. hederacese, De C, Darl.; Vitis quinquefolia, Lam. ; He- dera quinquefolia, L. ; Cissus hederacese, Pers., Pursh, Ell. Figured, Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 162. Woods, &c. Canada and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Prop. The bruised leaves applied to the skin produce an eruption of pimples. Merat and De Lens, ii. 298. Dr. Eberle states that he employed it, as directed by Dr. Aikin, in a case of chronic bronchitis, with decided advantage. West. Med. Gaz. i. 291 ; Aikin, Phil. Med. and Surg. Journ. (Oct. 1826); Ridd. Synop. 35 ; J. M. Big. List of Med. PI. of Ohio, 11. Order 34. Polygalaeese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 84, and Veg. King. 475 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 408. Poly gala sanguinea, L. Gray's Man. 88. Michx., Pursh, Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. purpurea, Nutt., De C. ; Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. 35 ; Darl., Torr. and Gr. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. tab. 47. 76 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Wet sandy soil. Massachusetts to New Orleans, and west to Mississippi. Yicinity of New Albany — barrens,, rare. Medical properties said to be similar to those of the P. Senega. P. Senega, L. Gray's Man. 89. Senega or Seneca Snakeroot. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 80 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 36 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 225 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. pi. 12 ; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 183. Dry woods, prairies, or barrens. Canada to Georgia, and west to Mississippi. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. Officinal, U. S., Bond., Ed. The Seneca snakeroot was first introduced into use in 1739 by Dr. Tennent, of Virginia. Thacher. According to Pereira, it was first introduced into England as a remedy for the bites of venomous animals, in 1742. Its properties are amply described in all works on materia medica, and are too well known to require particular notice or reference to authorities. P. polygama, Walt. Gray's Man. 90. Bitter Poly gala. Nutt., Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. rubella, Willd., Muhl., Big. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. 54. Dry sandy soil. Canada to Florida, and west to Michigan and Wisconsin ; not found in Ohio, Kentucky, or Indiana. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. iii. 129 ; Big. Seq. 296 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 226 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 558. Med. Prop. A strong and permanent bitter, imparting its sensi- ble properties both to spirit and water. The infusion in small doses is a useful tonic, and stimulant to the digestive organs. In large doses, it opens the bowels and excites diaphoresis. Big. P. paucifolia, Willd. Gray's Man. 90. Fringed Polygala. Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. uniflora, Michx. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. tab. 56, fig. 1; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 75 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 227; Gray's Gen. Illust. ii. pi. 184. Swamps, &c. Canada to Georgia and Wisconsin. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 63 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 227; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 19; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 719. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 77 Med. Prop. Rafmesque says that its properties are similar to those of the P. Senega, but weaker. Griffith believes it to be a tonic bitter similar to the P. rubella (polygamus). Order 35. Leguminosse, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 148; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 409. Fabacese, Lind. Veg. King. 544. Robinia Pseudacacia, L. Gray's Man. 104. Locust-Tree. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 76; Griff. Med. Bot. 238. Fertile soil. New York to South Carolina, west to Mississippi and Arkansas. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Med. Ref. MeVat and De Lens, vi. 100; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 258; Griff. Med. Bot. 238 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 20 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PL of Ohio, 12. Med. Prop. The bark of the root, which is emetic and purgative, is sometimes used in domestic practice. From the effect produced upon some boys who chewed the bark, there is reason to believe it is somewhat narcotic. Merat and De Lens. The strong odour of the blossoms occasions sickness and headache in some persons. Tephrosia Virginiana, Pers. Gray's Man. 104. Gf oat's Hue; Gatgut. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Galega Virginiana, L., Michx. Dry sandy places. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 56; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 267; Darl. Fl. Cestica, 2d edit. 409 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 237 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 20 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 741 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 12. Med. Prop. The decoction of the root is a popular vermifuge in some places. Said to be as efficacious as the Spigelia. Not known to be employed in regular practice. Griffith thinks it deserves a fair trial. Baptisia tinctoria, R. Br. Gray's Man. 109. Wild Indigo. Ell., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sophora tinctoria, Walt., Thach. Dis. ; Podalyria tinctoria, Lam., Michx., Pursh, Big. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 29 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 14 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 232. 7 78 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Sandy dry soil. Canada to Florida, west to Mississippi. Torr. and Gr. Very rare in the Western States. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. 342 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 53 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 79 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 231 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 21 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 738 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1232. Med. Prop. The whole plant is more or less active, but the root is the strongest. In large doses, emetic and cathartic. Affirmed to be an excellent antiseptic and febrifuge; has been used in scar- latina anginosa, typhus fever, putrid sore throat, &c. Dr. Thacher states that, in the form of fomentations or poultices, it has proved eminently beneficial in phagedenic and gangrenous ulcers, especially if the decoction be administered internally at the same time. Dose, a tablespoonful of the decoction, made by boiling an ounce of the recent root in a pint of water ; if it purge, give less, or add tr. opii. B. leucantha, Torr. and Gr. Gray's Man. 110. Torr. and Gr. B. alba, Bot. Mag. Hook, (not of R. Br.?) ; and Sophora alba, L. Rich alluvial soil. Dr. Gray. Upper Canada, Michigan, Ohio, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Torr. and Gr. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. I have never found it in alluvial soil. Much resembles the B. tinctoria in sensible properties, and is re- puted to possess similar medical virtues. See J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 12. B. leucophea, Nutt. Gray's Man. 110. Nutt., Gen., De C, Torr. and Gr. B. bracteosa, Muhl., Ell., De C. Dry soil. Georgia, Michigan, Missouri, and Texas. Torr. and Gr. Med. Prop. A decoction of the leaves and branches is considered stimulant and astringent, and has been used by Dr. Branch with great satisfaction in all cases of mercurial salivation. Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 739. Cassia Marilandica, L. Gray's Man. 111. American Senna; Wild Senna. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 39 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 12; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 18; Griff. Med. Bot. 261. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Alluvial soil. New England to South Carolina, and throughout the Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Kef. Bart. Coll. i. 31; Thach. Die. 177; Big. Iffed. Bot. ii. GG; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. 137; Kaf. Med. M. i. Chap. Therap. i. 290; Ebcrle, Mat. Med. i. 204; Grift Med. 1 260; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 21; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 743 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 187. Med. Prop. The properties of the American senna appear to be identical with those of the foreign article, though generally supposed to require a larger quantity to produce the same effect. Dr. Grif- fith, however, states that those who have given it the fairest trial consider it equal to the generality of the imported senna ; that much depends on the time of collecting it; and that the active prin- ciple does not appear to be fully developed until the seeds begin to ripen. Dr. Eberle thinks it is more apt to gripe than the common senna. 0. chamsechrista, L. Gray's Man. 111. Partridge Pea. Michw, Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dry sandy soil. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens, not frequent. Med. Ref. Ridd. Synop. 26 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 262 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 744 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 12. Med. Prop. Said to be similar to those of C. Marilandica. Riddell states that it is probably superior to that article. 0. occidentalism L. Torr. and Gr. Fl. N. A. i. 394. Styptic Weed. Michx., Ell. C. linearis, Michx.(?), EU.(?) Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 348, fig. 5798 ; Audubon, Birds of America, tab. 35. Near buildings, &c. Southern States; also West Indies and South America. Two plants have been found growing on the banks of the river at this place, apparently spontaneous. Med. Ref. Merat and De Lens, ii. 130-7, Supp. 150; Griff. Med. Bot. 262 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 744. Med. Prop. The root is diuretic. A decoction of the leaves, taken internally and externally, is reported to be beneficial in the itch, erysipelas, and irritations of the rectum. In Brazil, it is believed 80 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. to act powerfully on the lymphatic system — to be useful in atony of the stomach. Order 36. Bosaceae, Juss. Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 411. Dru- pacese, Lind. Veg. King. 557 ; Pomacese, 559 ; Sanguisorbeacese, 661 ; Rosacese, 663. Cerasus serotina, De C. Gray's Man. 115. Wild Cherry; Black Cherry. De C., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. C. Yirgi- niana, Michx., Dark ; Prunus Yirginiana, Mill., Ell., Big. Am. Pharm. (not of L.). Figured, Carson, Illust. of Med. Bot. i. pi. 35. Woods. Canada and throughout the United States. Yicinity of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 11 and 36, ii. 21 and 51; Thach. Dis. 310 ; Big. Seq. 307 ; Chap. Therap. ii. 427 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 253 ; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 300 ; Carson, Per. Mat. Med. ii. 538 ; Do. Royle, Mat. Med. 384 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. 41 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 288 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. % Y. 22 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 737 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 576 ; Dung. Therap. ii. 40 ; Mitch. Therap. 635. Med. Prop. ■ The bark of the wild cherry is doubtless a valuable medicine, and one that has long been employed by many of the most eminent physicians in this country. The diseases in which it is most frequently prescribed are hectic fever and debilitated states of the system, with a frequent pulse. Dr. Eberle, from a free use of the cold infusion, reduced his pulse, in twelve or fourteen days, from seventy-five to fifty beats in a minute. In moderate doses, it acts as a tonic; in large doses, frequently repeated, it depresses the action of the heart, and weakens the organs of digestion. The best mode of administration is the officinal cold infusion, of which two or three fluidounces may be taken three or four times a day. Dose of the powdered bark from half a drachm to a drachm. Spirsea opulifolia, L. Gray's Man. 116. Nine Bark. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Banks of streams. Canada to Georgia, west to Oregon and Cali- fornia. Yicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 93; Griff. Med. Bot. 281; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 12. BEPOBT ON Mi: I. PAL BOTAB 81 Med. Prop. Elafineaque ascribes the Batne this species as belong to the 8. tomentosa. Griffitl that this opinion has not been Confirmed, the astringency l>*i ri ^- much less, and the odour unpleasant. It Ii reported to beuaefnl in ulcers, tumours, &c, as an external application in the form of poultices or fomentations. 8. tomentosa, L. Gray's Man. 110. Hardnaek : Stt eple Bush. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., DarL, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 88; Griff. Med. Bot. 2-1. Wet places. Canada to Georgia, west to Indiana. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens, somewhat rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. lief. Big. Scq. 348 ; Me"rat and De Lens, vi. 507; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 91 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 281 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 23 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 735 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 682. Med. Prop. According to Rafinesque, this plant was first brought into notice as a medicine by Dr. Cogswell, of Hartford, Ct. It is a pleasant tonic astringent. The extract is the form generally pre- ferred, which is reputed to be fully equal to catechu. Dose from •five to ten grains. Dose of the decottion, made by boiling an ounce of the leaves and bark in a pint of water, one to two ounces. The root is the officinal part; but the bark and leaves are more efficient, and most employed. S. lobata, Murray. Gray's Man. 116. Quee?i of the Prairie : American Meadowsweet. Michx., Ell., Torr. and Gr. S. palmata,L. Moist grounds. Pennsylvania and Michigan to South Carolina. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens, very rare. An oil identical with the oleum gaultheruv is obtained from the roots and stems of this fragrant and beautiful plant. Wood, V. S. Dis. 1051. (r illenia trifoUata, Mccnch. Gray's Man. 117. Indian iV Bowman's Boot. Nutt., Ell., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. gpirsea trifoliata, L., Michx., Pursh. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 41; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 5 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. pi. 34. Sandy soil, woods, &c. Canada and New York to Georgia; not found in Ohio, Kentucky, or Indiana. 82 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Schcepf, Mat. Med.; Bart. Coll. i. 27, ii. 39; Thach. Dis. 343 ; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 11 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. 15; Big. Seq. 197; Chap. Therap. i. 186; Raf. Med. Fl. 225; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 89 ; Am. Journ. Pharm. iv. 177 ; Carson, Per. Mat. Med. 540 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 282 ; Carson, Illust. Med. i. 40; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 23; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 735 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 353. Gr. stipulacea, Nutt. Gray's Man. 117. Indian Physic; Ameri- can Ipecac. Nutt., Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Spiraea stipulacea, Michx., Pursh. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 6; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 44 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 283. Dry sandy or gravelly soil. Western New York, Western States to Arkansas and Louisiana. Vicinity of New Albany — knobs, not rare. Med. Ref. Big. Seq. 198 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 224 ; Carson, Per. Mat. Med. ii. 541 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 283 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 23 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 736 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 353. Med. Prop. The properties of the two species of Gillenia are identical, though the G. stipulacea is said to be the more active. The roots are a safe and efficient emetic, operating in about the same dose as ipecac. By the country people, a decoction of the roots, and sometimes of the whole plant, is given at intervals till it excites vomiting. Dose of the powdered root from twenty to thirty grains. Agrimonia Uupatoria, L. Gray's Man. 118. Common Agri- mony. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 3. Fields, borders of woods, &c. Canada to Louisiana and Indiana; also Europe and Asia. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Med. Ref. Schcepf; Merat and De Lens, i. 114; Thach. Dis. 133 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 34 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 272 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 23; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 734; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1224. A. parviflora, Ait. Gray's Man. 118. Small-floivered or Sweet- REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 83 scented Agrimony. Pursh, Torr. and Gr. A. suaveolens, Pursh, Ell. ; A. eupatoria, Michx. (chiefly). Woods, &c. Pennsylvania to Georgia, west to Indiana. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. These two plants much resemble each other, the parviflora being the stronger scented, and somewhat clammy from the numerous re- sinous dots on the leaves. Med. Prop. An infusion or decoction of the stems, leaves, and roots is a mild and somewhat tonic astringent, and is useful in those diseases in which tonics and astringents are required. Sanguisorba Canadensis, L. Gray's Man. 118. Canadian Burnet Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. The root is slightly tonic and astringent. Ridd. Synop. 19 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 208 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 23. Gf-eum Virginianum, L. Gray's Man. 120. White Avens. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Also G. album, Gmel., Muhl., Pursh, Ell., Big. ; G. Carolinianum, Walt. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 43 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 279. Woods and fence-rows. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. ■ Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. i. 220 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 279 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 733. A tonic astringent similar to the following species, but probably weaker, and not so much employed. Gr. rivale, L. Gray's Man. 120. Water Avens; Purple Avens ; Chocolate-Boot. Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 461, fig. 7626. Bogs and wet meadows. Pennsylvania to New York, and New England to Newfoundland. Common to Europe and America. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Big. Seq. 196 ; Mdrat and De Lens, iii. 371 ; Coxe, Dis. 314 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 221 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 280 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 23 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 351. Med. Prop. The root is a strong and pleasant astringent, which has been much used in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, dyspepsia, leu- corrhoea, and passive hemorrhages. Dose of the powdered root 84 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. twenty grains to a drachm ; but the decoction is preferable, made with an ounce of the root to a pint of water, of which an ounce or two may be taken several times a day. It is often made weaker, and drank instead of coffee or chocolate, with the addition of sugar and milk or cream. Potentilla Norvegica, L. Gray's Man. 122. Cinquefoil. P. Canadensis, L. Gray's Man. 122. Cinquefoil ; Five Finger. Comarum palustre, L. Gray's Man. 123. Marsh Cinquefoil. Fragaria Virginiana,~Ehx. Gray's Man. 123. Wild Strawberry. Are mentioned by different writers as mild astringents. Rubus villosus, Ait. Gray's Man. 125. Blackberry. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. R. fruti- cosus, Walt. ; R. frondosus, Big. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 38 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 39. Old fields and fence-rows. Throughout the United States. Vici- nity of New Albany— very common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. ii. 260 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 151; Big. Seq. 320 ; Chap. Therap. ii. 498 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 258 ; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 386 ; Carson, Per. Mat. Med. ii. 543 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 275 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 24 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 732 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 603. R. Canadensis, L. Gray's Man. 126. Dewberry ; Low Black- berry. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. R. procumbens, Muhl. ; R. trivialis, Pursh (not of Michx.), Big., Dark, Hook. ; R. flagellars, Willd., De C. Rocky and barren fields. Canada and Northern States to the Alleghanies in Virginia. Torr. and Gr. Ohio and vicinity of New Albany. " This species much resembles the smoother and prostate variety of R. villosus, so that they cannot easily be distinguished." Torr. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary (erroneously as R. trivialis). Med. Ref. Nearly the same as those of R. villosus. Med. Prop. The medical virtues of the blackberry and dewberry REPORT ON MEDICAL lioTANV. arc identical: but the former has been the more employed* I Chapman and Bigelow speak in terms of the highest praise of the properties of tho root of the blackberry as an astringent in diar- rheca, chronic dysentery, cholera infant urn. &c. \>v. ESberl mony is strong in its favour, though lie prefers the geranium maculu- tum in cholera infantum, on account of its pleasant taste. Dose of the decoction, made with an ounce of the root to a pint of water, is one or two ounces; of the powdered root ten to thirty grains ; but it is rarely used in this form. R. strigosus, Michx. Gray's Man. 125. Wild Red 7/ Michx., Pursh, Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. R. idieus, Nutt. Hill-sides and rocky places. Canada to Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Kentucky. " Leaves frequently used as a mild astringent." Dr. J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 14. R. occidentalism L. Gray's Man. 125. Blade Raspberry. Michx., Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Fields and borders of woods. Canada and Northern States to the mountains of Georgia, west to Mississippi. Vicinity of New Al- bany. Med. Ref. Merat and De Lens, vi. 131 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 733. Merat and De Lens, quoting the Bulletin des Sciences Jlcdicales, state that the powdered fruit and the roots are considered as spe- cifics in dysentery. Pi/rus Americana, De C. Gray's Man. 130. Mountain A#k. De C, Hook., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sorbus Americana, Willd., Pursh, Big.; S. Aucuparia, Michx. Griffith suggests that the bark might be employed in those oases in which the wild cherry is beneficial. Med. Bot. 293. " The bark smells and tastes like cherry bark, equal to it, more astringent, fine tonic, antiseptic, contains prussic acid," &c, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 265. Order 37. Cali/eanthaeece, Lind. Lind. Nat. Syst. 159, and Veg. King. 540 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 414. Qalycanthus floridus, L. Torr. and Gr. i. 475. Carolina All- 86 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. spice. Michx., Ell. Also C. inodorus, Ell. ; C. laevigatas, Nutt., Ell. ; 0. ferox, Michx. ; 0. glaucus, Nutt., Ell. Hill-sides, and in fertile soil along rivulets. Virginia to Georgia, near the mountains. Torr. and Gr. " Mr. McKeon says he has frequently used it with satisfaction as an antispasmodic tonic in the cure of chronic agues. A strong decoction of the seed or bark of the root is given." Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 745. Order 38. Lythracese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 100, and Veg. King. 574 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 416. Lythrum Salicaria, L. Gray's Man. 133. Loosestrife ; Purple Willow Hero. De C, Hook., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. 516. L. Salicaria, var. pubescens, Pursh. . Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 398, fig. 6634. Wet meadows. Canada, New England, New York, and in Eu- rope. Cultivated in gardens. Officinal, Dub. Pharm. Med. Ref. Cullen, Mat. Med. ii. 27; Merat and De Lens, iv. 171 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 150 ; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 522 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 302; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 24; Wood, U. S. Dis. 437. Med. Prop. Demulcent and astringent. Has had some reputa- tion in Europe as a remedy in diarrhoea and dysentery, though Cul- len has no confidence in it. Dose of the powdered bark, a drachm ; but the decoction is preferable, made by boiling an ounce of the bark in a pint of water, of which one or two ounces may be taken several times a day. L. hyssopifolia, L. Gray's Man. 133. Nutt., De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. L. hyssopifolium, Big. Marshes. New York and Massachusetts ; also in Europe. L. alatum, Pursh. Gray's Man. 133. Nutt., Ell., Torr. and Gr. L. lanceolatum, Ell. Upper Canada, Western and Southern States ; not in New York or New England. Vicinity of New Albany. The two preceding species are supposed to have properties analo- gous to those of the L. Salicaria. HKI'i.KT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. -7 <>i:i)KK 39. Ontitce*f JlM. Lilld. Nat. Sjft. Bfij ami King. 724; Ony'i Bot. Text-Book, 410. Epilofrium colorafiint, MuhL Gray's Man. L86. Purpls- Willow Kerb. Muhl., Nutt., Big., DarL, Tow. and . Di& 117. Med. Prop. Pursh says that " the berried, used in an infnsi wine or spirits, are a remarkable medicine for removing rheumatic pains." Elliott states that "a watery infusion of the bark of the fresh root is both emetic and cathartic. * * A gum-resinous extract, which is decidedly cathartic, may be prepared by boiling the root in water." The bark in moderate doses is diaphoretic and alterative; has been used in rheumatic and cutaneous diseases. Its medical virtues are much impaired by drying. Panax quinquefolium, L. Gray's Man. 1G7. Ghinseng. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. FL N. V. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 29; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 45 ; Baf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 71 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 162, Rich upland soil. Canada to the mountains of the Southern States. . Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Rcf. Cullen, Mat. Med. ii. 92; Bart. Coll. i. 20 and 51; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 82; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 191: Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 52; Griff. Med. Bot. 342; Lee, Cat. Med. PL X. Y. 27 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 702 ; "Wood, U. S. Dis. 530. Med. Prop. Ginseng has long been in use, and highly prized among' the Chinese as a corroborant, and indeed as a panacea, for almost all ailments. Dr. Cullen doubts its efficacy, especially as an aphrodisiac, and most authorities concur in this opinion. Dr. Fo- thergill states that a decoction of the root has born oi^ service in the tedious chronic coughs of aged persons. It is seldom employed in this country. Order 47. Oornaeeoe, De C. Lind. Nat, Syst. 49, and Veg. King. 782; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 425. Oornus aUernifolia, L. Gray's Man. 167. AUemate-lectved Cornel Michx./ Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Ton-. Fl. N. Y. Moist woods. Canada and Northern States — along the mount- ains to South Carolina — west to Kentucky and Indiana. Med. Ref. Torr. Fl. X. Y. i. 288 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. X. Y. 27. y» REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. " The bark is one of the Shaker medicines, being considered dia- phoretic and astringent." Torr. C. circinata, L'Her. Gray's Man. 167. Round-leaved Cornel or Dogwood. Pursh, Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. 0. to- rnentosa, Michx. Shady banks of streams. Canada to the mountains of Virginia — west to Ohio and Indiana. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Dr. A. W. Ives, N. Y. Rep. 1822; Big. Seq. 148; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 135; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 204; Griff. Med. Bot. 349 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 27 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 276 ; Dr. E. Ives, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 312. Med. Prop. The medical virtues of the bark of this species of dogwood are considered similar to those of the Cornus Florida. It is, however, more bitter, astringent, and stomachic. Drs. A. W. Ives, of New York, and E. Ives, of New Haven, speak highly of its efficacy as a tonic and astringent. The latter says it is the most efficacious remedy we possess for the cure of chronic diarrhoea. It has been found very beneficial in that diarrhoea which is common in the East and West Indies, and called by the sailors flux. This dis- ease, of one or two years' standing, has often been removed by this remedy alone, taken in the quantity of one or two pints of the strong infusion in the twenty-four hours. It is used in the form of infusion in the proportion of Sss of the bark to a pint of boiling water. Dose of the powdered bark from five to ten grains. " It does not produce stricture like the cinchona." Dr. E. Ives, I. c. 0. sericea, L. Gray's Man. 168. " Swamp Dogwood ; Red Osier ; Red Rod. Pursh, Ell., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. C. lanuginosa, Michx. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. tab. 9. Banks of streams, &c. Canada to Georgia, and west to Wiscon- sin. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 12, ii. 17 ; Thach. Dis. 200 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. 115; Big. Seq. 148; Chap. Therap. ii. 426; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 135; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 304; Griff. Med. Bot. i. 349 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 27 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 709 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 278; E. Ives, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 313. IIKI-OKT OS MEDICAL hot an Mc»l. Prop. According to Dr, E. Eves, tbii reaemhli eircinata in its medical virtues more than any other species of ■wood. It may be used in the same way. C. paniculata, L'Her. Gray's Man. 168. White 0 Panicle A Dogwood. Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and (Jr., Torr. Fl. N. V. Figured, Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 41. Thickets and banks of streams. Canada, Northern States to Carolina, west to Mississippi. Vicinity of New All. any — barrens rare. Medicinal properties similar to those of tlie C. Honda. Leo. Med. PI. N. Y. 27; J. M. Big. Med. PL of Ohio, 17. C. Florida, L. Gray's Man. 168. Common Dogwood. Michw, Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 28 ; Bart. Vcg. Mat. Mod. i. tab. 3 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 28 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 348 ; Am. Journ. Pharm. N. S. i. 265; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. pi. 42. Woods. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. • Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 12 and 47, ii. 17 ; Thach. Dis. 200 ; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 73; Bart. Vcg. Mat. Med. i. 4:]; Chap. Thcrap. ii. 420; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 131; Ellis, Am. Journ. Pharm. N. S. i. 265; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 303; Griff. Med. Bot. 847; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. 50; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. K. Y. 27 : Por- chcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 708;. N. S. Davis, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 070 ; Dr. 0. O'Keefe, South. Med. and Surg. Journ. (Jam. 1849); Wood, U. S. Dis. 277; Mitch. Thcrap. 346 ; E, Ives. Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 313. Med. Prop. The numerous references, which might be still far- ther extended, sufficiently indicate the attention common dogwood has received from the profession. The bark is tonic, and somewhat astringent, and has been considered a good substitute for the cin- chona. Dr. O'Keefe, of Augusta, Georgia, has prepared a valua- ble alcoholic and watery extract from the bark, which appears to possess all its medicinal properties. See South. Med* and Surg. Journ. 1. c. and Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 671. A decoction of the bark with that of the wild cherry is much esteemed in domestic 100 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. practice, as a remedy in dyspepsia, and the debility in convalescence from fever, &e. Dose of the powdered bark twenty grains to a drachm. A de- coction, made with an ounce of the bruised bark to a pint of water; dose, two or three fiuidounces. Division II.— MONOPETALJE. Order 48. — Caprifoliacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 247, and Veg. King. 766; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 428. Lonicera sempervirens, Ait. Gray's Man. 171. Scarlet or Trumpet Honey suckle. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Ca- prifolium sempervirens, Michx., Pursh, Ell. Borders of swamps. New York to Florida and Louisiana. Often cultivated. " The syrup of the leaves is given in asthma, and in angina tonsillaris." Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 789. Diervilla trifida, Mcench. Gray's Man. 173. Bush Honey- suckle. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. D. Tournforti, Michx.; D. Canadensis, Willd., Big., De C, Dark; D. lutea, Pursh; Loni- cera Diervilla, L. Rocky woods. Canada, Northern States, and on the mountains of the Southern States. Med. Prop. "The leaves possess a narcotic principle, inducing narcosis, and are recommended as a gargle in catarrhal angina. The decoction calms the pain attending the disease ; taken largely, it causes stupor and catalepsy." Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. ii. 789, from Dem. Eldm. de Bot. Rafmesque says it has been used for dysuria, gonorrhoea, and syphilis, but is inefficient. Med. Fl. ii. 216. Not known to be used at the present day. Triosteum perfoliatum, L. Gray's Man. 173. Fever-Root ; Tinker's- Weed; Horse G-entian; Wild Coffee. Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. T. majus, Michx. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 9 ; Bart. Yeg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 4. Rocky places, &c. Northern, Middle, and Western States, and mountains of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Schoepf, Mat. Med. 23; Bart. Coll. i. 29; Big. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Med. lot. i. 90; Bart. Ve# Ma*. Bled; i. 51 : Baf. Mid. Fl. ii. I Griff. Med. Bot. 852; Lee, Gat. Med. PL N. V. 28; Poroher, Ti-;ii,s. Am. Mr. I. Assoc ii. 788; Wood, r. S. Dis. 721. Med. Prop. The bark of the root, irhioh is tin- part mostly em- ployed, is a mild cathartic in doses of twenty to thirty grains. Ac- cording to Dr. B. S. Barton, it is sometimes diuretic. J>r. Big< low thinks its efficacy is much impaired by age. T. angustifolium, L. Gray's Man. 170. Pursh, Ell., I) Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. T. minus, Miclix. Middle, Western, and Southern States. Has the same popular names, and is used for the same medical purposes as the T. perfoliatum. Sambucus Canadensis. Gray's Man. 173. Common Elder. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dart., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. X. Y. Rich, damp soil. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity, of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. 381 (wrongly as the S. nigra, which is a European species) ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 260 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 364 : Lee,. Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 28 (erroneously as S. nigra); Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 789; Wood, U. S. Dis. 625; Mitch. Therap. 657. Med. Prop. The inner bark is a hydragoguc cathartic, and in large doses emetic. The green leaves are an excellent application to excoriations and a chafed skin. The bark, simmered in lard, makes a very soothing ointment for irritable ulcers, burns, &c Its properties arc said to be identical with those of the European S. ni- gra, which was highly commended by Boerhaave and Sydenham. Rene Vanoye, a late French writer, speaks in the strongest terms of the efficacy of the expressed juice of the root in ten spoonful doses. in dropsy. It is probably a valuable article, and has been too much neglected. An ounce of the bark, boiled in two quarts of water to a pint, is an efficient hydragoguc, of which four ounces may be taken for a dose. S. pubens, Michx. Gray's Man. 173. Red-hefried Elder. Michx., De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. S. pubeseeus, Pers.: Pursh, Ell., Big. ; S. racemosa, Hook. 102 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Rocky woods. Canada, Northern States to the mountains of South Carolina; west to the Rocky Mountains and Oregon. Dr. S. W. Williams states " that the bark of this species, in de- coction, is the most valuable hydragogue cathartic that we possess." Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 913. Viburnum prunifolium, L. Gray's Man. 174. Black Haw ; Sloe. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. V. pyrifolium, Pursh, Big. Dry woods, &c. Canada, and most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not very frequent. Med. Prop. A decoction of the bark is a popular remedy in uterine hemorrhage. Dr. Barret, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 317. A decoction of the young twigs is astringent, and is used in domestic practice as a remedy for diarrhoea. Bark, tonic and astringent. Ridd. V. Lentago, L. Gray's Man. 174. Sweet Viburnum; Nanny- berry. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. El. N. Y. Woods and banks of streams. Canada and Northern States, to Kentucky and the mountains of Georgia. Med. Prop. " Dr. Kr eider says it has the reputation of curing intermittents equal to cinchona." J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 17. V. dentatum, L. Gray's Man. 174. Arroiv- Wood. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. El. N. Y. Wet, low grounds. Canada, and throughout the United States. Yicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Med. Prop. " Bark used by the Indians and the Shakers as a diuretic and detergent; bitterish; contains a peculiar fragrant oil," &c. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 274; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 17. Order 49. Rubiacese, Juss. Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 429. Cinchonacese, Lincl. Veg. King. 761, and Galiacese, 768. Galium Aparine, L. Gray's Man. 176. Cleavus, or Olivus; Goose Grass. Pursh, Big., De C, Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. El. N. Y. BEPORT OX HBBICAI BO* I '■ V. Thickets and margin of woods. Canada, and Northern Sti also in Europe. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. M.d. Kef. CulU-n, Mat Med. 5. 20; it.-.r. Med. Fl. i.:. Mdrat and Dc Leas, iil 825; Eberle, West. Med. Oas. i. 201; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 2!); Wood; I'. B. Die, App. IS Med. Prop. The expressed juice is diuretic, and slightly rient ; dose siii twice a day. It is also Med in decoction and infu- sion. Dropsy, scrofula, and scorbutic eruptions are the diseases in -which it has been most employed. Dr. Cullen has no confidence in it as a remedy for scrofula. Dr. Lee states that it is prob ibly one of our most valuable diuretics, highly useful in suppression of urine, and nephritic complaints, lie employs the cold infusion — drank freely. Dr. Eberle also speaks favourably of its diuretic properties. (Jr. asprellum, Michx. Gray's Man. 177. Rough I Michx., Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Marshy thickets, &c. Canada and Northern States. Vicinity of New Albany. Gf. trijiduni, L. Gray's Man. 177. Small Bedsfiraw. Dyer s Cleavus. Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Var. G. tinctorium, L. and others. Var. latifolium, G. obtusum, Big. Swamps, and wet grounds. Canada, and most parts of the United States to Oregon. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Prop. The preceding species and varieties are affirmed to have the same medical virtues as G. aparine. Eberle, West. Med. Gaz. i. 291. As an astringent in diarrhoea, Osborne, West. Journ. Med. and Surg. 3d series, iii. 20G (March, 1840). Gr. ciresezans, Michx. Gray's Man. 178. Wild Liquori Rich woodlands, Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rave. Med. Prop. Demulcent, expectorant, and diuretic. Quite popu- lar as a domestic remedy. J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio. 18. Cephalanthus occidentalis, L. Gray's Man. 170. Jhitt. i:-Du$h ; Pond Dogwood. Michx., Pursh, Elk, Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr.. Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 91; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 20: Griff. Med. Bot.. 356. 104 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Marshes. Canada, and throughout the United States. ' Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Kef. Raf. Med. Fl. i. 100 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 356 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 29; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 788; Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 18. Med. Prop. Tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative. The leaves and bark are medicinal, but the bark of the root is the more active; and a decoction of it has been said to cure intermittents. Elliott says : " The inner bark of the root is an agreeable bitter, and frequently used as a remedy in obstinate coughs." Ell. Sk. i. 187. Mitchella repens, L. Gray's Man. 179. Partridge Berry. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. El. N. Y. Eigured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 95, fig. 1. Shady woods. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 243 ; Ridd. Synop. 65; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 18. Med. Prop. Said to be a mild diuretic, and that a tea made of it has been used in dropsy, &c. Seldom, if at all, used at present. Spigelia Marilandica, L. Gray's Man. 181. Pink-Hoot ; Caro- lina Pink; Worm- Grass. Michx., Pursh, Ell. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 14 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 31 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 87 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 210 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 57. Glades and borders of woods. Pennsylvania, Western and South- ern States. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Eel., Dub. A well-known and efficient anthelmintic, that has been long em- ployed, and is well described in most works on materia medica. Order 50. Valerianacese, De C. Lind. Nat. Syst. 265, and Veg. King. 679 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 431. Valeriana paucijlora, Michx. Gray's Man. 182. Wild Vale- rian. Michx., Nutt., De C, Torr. and Gr. Alleghany Mountains. Virginia to Tennessee, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 105 V. xylvatica, Rich. Gray'i Man. 182. Wild Valerian. II Torr. and Gr., Torr. V\. N. Y. V. dioioa, I'm,!.. Figured, Ton-. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 45. Swamps. Canada, Vermont, New Fork, and Michigan. These two species of valerian have the same sensible properties and medical virtues as the V. dioioa, the officinal article j and may be used in the same way, and for the same purposes. Order 51. Compositoe, Juss. Gray's Bot. Text-Rook, 483. Mutisiacese, Cichoracea?, Asteracerc, Cynaracea;, Lind. N 251 ; Asteracesc, Lind. Veg. King. 702. Vernonia Noveboracensis, Willd. Gray's Man. 190. 7 Michx., Pursh, Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. V. prealta, Michx., Pursh, Darl., Torr. and Gr. Low grounds. Northern and Western (?) States. V. fasciculata, Michx. Gray's Man. 190. Iron-weed. Michx. Prairies, river banks, &c. Ohio, westward. Vicinity of New Al- bany— very common. Med. Prop. Rafinesque s.tates that " the roots are bitterish, and used in fevers in Kentucky, and for spirituous bitters." Dr. Ste- phens says the root of the Iron-weed is reputed to be a very active purgative. Ridd. Synop. 52. Not known to be used. Liatris squarrosa, Willd. Gray's Man. 191. Blazing Star ; Button JSnakeroot. Michx., Pursh, Ell. Serratula BOnamosa. L. Dry, barren soil. Pennsylvania, Western and Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. L. scariosa, Willd. Gray's Man. 191. Blotting Star; Button SnaJceroot, &c. Ell., Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr." Fl. X. Y. L. squarrulosa, aspera, and sphcroidea, Michx.; L. heterophylla. Xutr.: Serratula scariosa, L. Dry, sandy soil. Canada, and most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. L. spicata, Willd. Gray's Man. 191. Button Snakcroot, &c. Ell., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. L. macrostaehya. Michx., Pursh; Serratula spicata, L. 106 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Moist grounds. New York to Florida and Louisiana, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. L. graminifolia, Willcl. Gray's Man. 191. Button Snakeroot, &c. Pursli, Nutt., Ell. L. gracilis, Ell., not of Pursh ; L. pilosa, var. gracilis, Nutt. ; L. virgata, Nutt.; L. pilosa, Pursh, Nutt., Ell. ; L. dubia, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 223. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 49 (as L. dubia). Moist places, pine barrens. New Jersey to Alabama and Florida. The foregoing species of Liatris are indiscriminately known by the names of Button Snakeroot, Blazing Star, Cray Feather, and Rattlesnake's Master. Eryngium aquaticum is also called Button Snakeroot; and the name of Rattlesnake's Master is applied to several other plants. Med. Ref. Schoepf; Pursh, ii. 509; Bart. Coll. i. 17; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 225; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 237; Ridd. Synop. 52; Griff. Med. Bot. 389 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 29 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 790 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1280. Med. Prop. The tuberous roots of these plants have considerable popular reputation as tonic diuretics ; said to be useful in nephritic complaints and venereal diseases. Riddell states that they are stimulant, carminative, and diuretic. Like many other plants, they have had the credit of curing the bites of rattlesnakes. Dr. Griffith observes that it is evident these roots possess active properties, and that they deserve further examination. Eupatorium purpureum, L. Gray's Man. 192. Joe Pye Weed ; Grravel-Root ; Trumpet-weed. Hook, Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. E. maculatum, verticillatum, tenuifolium, trifoliatum, fal- catum, punctatum, amsenum, and dubium of authors ; E. fistulosum, Barratt (Wood's Class-Book). Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 102, var. maculatum. Rich grounds. Canada and throughout the United States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Big. Seq. 176 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 179 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 392 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 30 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 791 ; Williams, do. 894 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 319. Med. Prop. Reputed to be a good diuretic ; has been used in diseases of the kidneys and bladder. According to Dr. Williams, it derived its name of Joe Pye Weed from that of an Indian, who used RKI'mKT OH M BDIC I L BOTAXY. it in tophus fryer U) produce sweating. Moel :iut liorit '• that its properties are similar to those &i the E. perfoliatam. //. teuerifoliiun, Willd. Gray'e Man, L98. FFrZd S Rough Boneset, Pureh, Ton-, and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. V. K. pUoavn, Walt., Tliach. Dis.; F. rerbinsefolium, Micluu, Ell., Big., DarL; E. lanoeolafcum, MuLl. ; E. pul Uig., not of Michx. Borders of swamps, &c. Massachusetts to Penn . and Southern States. Med. Hef. Thach. Dis. 217 ; Raf. Med. PI. i. IT'.' : Chap. Therap. ii. 424; Grid-. Med. Bot. 392; Lee, Cat. Med. 1*1. X. Y. 80; Ptaft- chcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 792 ; Wood, U. B, Dis. 819 j Dang. Therap. i. 318. Med. Prop. Said to possess properties identical with those of E. pcrfoliatum, but milder. Dr. Jones, of Georgia, had a high opinion of its efficacy as a remedy in intermittents. lie infused an ounce of the dried leaves in a quart of water, which was given in doses of two to four ounces in twenty-four hours. E. rotumltfolium, L. Gray's Man. 193. Round-leaved Hemp- weed; Wild Horehound. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Pari., Torr. and 8. '-Said to be anti- spasmodic." Griff. Med. Bot. 1>87. A. Novse-Anglive, L. Cray's Man. 204. New England Aster. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Low grounds. ■ Canada and Northern States to Missouri and 9 110 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. upper districts of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. Rafiaesque says, on the authority of Dr. Lawrence, of New Leba- non, that this plant (the roots ?) is employed in decoction internally and externally, in many diseases of the skin. See also Griff. Med. Bot. 387. JErigeron Canadensis, L. Gray's Man. 205. Canadian Flea- bane; Pride- Weed; Horse- Weed; Butter- Weed. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. E. pusillum, Nutt., is a dwarf state. Fields and waste places. Canada and throughout the United States to Oregon, and naturalized in Europe. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Big. Seq. 173 ; Mdrat and De Lens, iii. 140 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 164; Williams, N. Y. Journ. Med. vii. 36; Griff. Med. Bot. 396; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 30; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 792 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 316. Med. Prop. A somewhat pungent tonic, and astringent diuretic, which has been used with some success in diarrhoea and dropsy. The infusion, which is the preferable form of administration, is made with an ounce of the dried leaves to a pint of boiling water. Dose, two or three ounces may be taken every three or four hours. E. bellidifolium, Muhl. Gray's Man. 216. Poor Robin s Plan- tain (not Robert's). Rosy Betty. Muhl., Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. E. pulchellum, Michx., Darl. Open woods and barrens. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens, not frequent. " Bitterish, pungent, used for hard tumours in decoction and cata- plasm." Raf. Med. FL ii. 218. According to Lee, this species, as well as the others, is diuretic, tonic, astringent, and antilithic. Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 30. E. Philadelphicum, L. Gray's Man. 206. Philadelphia Plea- bane; Siveet Scabious. Michx., Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y., not of Ell. or De C. E. purpureum, Ait., Pursh. Woods, &c. Canada, throughout the United States to California and Oregon. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. l:i:i'OKT OX MKHICAL BOZAWY. Ill E. annuum, Pers. Gray's Man. 206. Sweet Scabious; I> Fleabane, I in dyspepsia, but more frequently as an expectorant in chronic coughs. De Lens extols its efficacy as a remedy in chronic leu- corrhoea and lymphatic affections. He employs the decoction of from two to four drachms, which the patient may take during the day in three doses. Am. Journ. Med. Sei. xix. 513 (Feb. 1837). Dose of the powdered root, twenty grains to one drachm ; of the decoction prepared by boiling one-half ounce in a pint of water, one or twro fluidounces. It is often given in the form of syrup in combination with other articles. Silphiwn laciniatwn, L. Gray's Man. 219. Rosin-Weed; Com- pass-Plant; Polar-Plant. Michx., Pursh, Dc C, Torr. and Gr. S. gummiferum, Ell. Prairies. Western States, and south to Louisiana and Texas. S. terebinthinaceum, L. Gray's Man. 219. Prairie Pur Michx., Pursh, De C, Torr. and Gr., not of Ell. Dry soil, barrens and prairies. Western States to Louisiana. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. 114 KEPORT OX MEDICAL BOTANY. S. perfoliatum, L. Gray's Man. 220. Cup-Plant. Pursh, De C, Torr. and Gr. Also, S. connatum, L., Michx., Pursh, De C. Banks of streams, &c. Western States, and mountains of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — very rare. Med. Prop. The preceding species of silphium yield a fragrant and somewhat bitter gum, which is said to be stimulant and anti- spasmodic. ( Raf. Med. FL ii. 263 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 387 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 19 and 20. Ambrosia trifida, Jj. Gray's Man. 221. Tall Ragweed. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Low rich grounds. Canada to Georgia and Louisiana, west to Arkansas. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Med. Ref. Robertson, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. N. S. xii. 382; Griff. Med. Bot. 387. Said to be highly beneficial in arresting excessive salivation. Dr. Eberle had a good opinion of the medical virtues of this plant, but not now recollected for what purposes he used it. Echinacea purpurea, Moench. Gray's Man. 233. Purple Cone- Flower; Black Samson. De C, Torr. and Gr. Rudbeckia pur- purea, L., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Nutt. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. tab. 64. Southern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — bar- rens, not rare. Root very pungent to the taste; used in popular medicine. Dr. A. Gray. Aromatic and carminative. Ridd. Synop. 60; J. M. Big. List Med. PL of Ohio. Rudbeckia laciniata, L. Gray's Man. 224. Cone-Flower; Thimble- Weed. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 16. Wet places. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. " Diuretic, balsamic, useful in nephritic diseases, especially in albuminuria. Given freely in decoction." Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 32. Verbesina Virginica, L. Gray's Man. 232. Crown Beard. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Torr. and Gr. Ill: I' OUT OS MKMCAL HOT A NY. 115 Woods and dry soil. Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Aliens Bouthern States. According to Rafineeque, the decoction of the rooti is a valuable sudorific and depurative of the [ndiaus. Med. Fl. ii. 274; <» riiT. Med. Beti 887; Porcher, Trans. Am. Bled. Aaaoo. ii. 7 J/rfrniumautumnale,Jj. Gray's Man. 233. Sneezevort. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Pari., Ton-, and (Jr., Ton-. I-'I. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 26; Raf. Med. Fl i. No. 47: Griff. Med. Bot. 309. Wet places. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vici- nity of New Albany — common. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 25; Raf. Mod. Fl. i. 235; Eberle, Mat. Med. ii. 272; Griff. Med. Bot. 308; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 32. Med. Prop. Said to be tonic and febrifuge, and was formerly used as a remedy in intermittcnts, but is now more esteemed as an errhinc than for any other property. Dr. Eberle states that it is less violent than asarum, and produces quite as free a discharge of mucus. Every part of the plant is active; but the central disk florets arc the most powerful. Maruta Cotula, Dc C. Gray's Man. 233. May-Weed; Dog- Fennel Do C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Anthemis Cotula. L., Ell., Big., Darl. Figured, Bart. Yeg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 14; Raf. Med. Fl. i. N >. 6; Griff. Med. Bot. 300. Road-sides and waste places. A European plant, naturalized in all parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Officinal, U. S. Tharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Schcepf, Mat. Med. 125; Bart Yeg. Mat. Med. i. 161; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 44; Griff. Med. Bot. 399; Lee, Cat. Med. IM. N. Y. 32; Torcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 7'.':.; Wi U. S. Dis. 278. Med. Prop. Tonic, diaphoretic, and in large doses emetic. Though much more nauseous and unpleasant than chamomile, it is said to possess similar properties, and is occasionally substituted for it in popular practice. The fresh bruised plant, applied to the skin, vesicates; and the blisters are believed to heal more readily than those produced by other vegetable irritants. 116 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Achillea Millefolium, L. Gray's Man. 231. Yarrow ; Milfoil. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Pastures, roads, &c. Europe, and throughout North America. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 185; Mfrat and De Lens, i. 22; Griff. Med. Bot. 403; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 32; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 798 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1222. Med. Prop. A mild aromatic astringent. The leaves more astringent than the flowers, while the latter are more aromatic; has been employed in diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, passive hemorrhages, dys- pepsia, &c. According to Dr. Griffith, the American plant is more active than the European. The infusion is the best form of admin- istration. Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam. Gray's Man. 234. Ox-eye Daisy; White- Weed. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Chrysanthe- mum Leucanthemum, L., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl. Naturalized in most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — very rare. Med. Ref. Merat and De Lens, ii. 271 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 387 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 797. Has been substituted for chamomile, and the inhabitants near Lake Baical, in Siberia, administer it in leucorrhoea. Not used in this country. Tanacetum vulgare, L. Gray's Man. 235. Tansy. Pursh, Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A cultivated plant, native of Europe, and naturalized in the Northern and Western States. Officinal, U. S. Secondary, Dub. Med. Ref. Cullen, Mat. Med. ii. 45; Thach. Dis. 356; Drake, West. Journ. Med. and Phys. Sci. vii. 569 ; Chap. Therap. i. 482 ; Me'rat and De Lens, vi. 639 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 266 ; Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xvi. 256; Lind. Fl. Med. 464; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 397; Royle, Mat. Med. 452; Griff. Med. Bot. 406; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 33; Wood, U. S. Dis. 703; Dung. Therap. i. 221 and 421. Med. Prop. Tansy is an aromatic tonic, emmenagogue, and an- thelmintic. It has also narcotic or calmative properties. I have, in some instances, succeeded in soothing nervous restlessness, and producing quiet sleep with it, when other means have failed. One half ounce of the oil of tansy proved fatal in two hours, although REPORT ON BiBDICAI BOTAHY. 117 the stomach-pump was used. Am. Journ. lied. Sci. I. c. Al two fatal cases from taking the oil. Drake, West. Journ. Bled, and Phys. Sci. I. c. A case fatal in three or four hours. Boat. Bled, an 1 Surg. Journ. xliv. 300 (May, 1853 . Dose of the infusion of an ounce of the dried leaves, or a larger quantity of the green, two or three ounces. Artemisia Canadensis, Michx. Gray's Man. 235. Ca Wormwood. Michx., Nutt., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. cam- pestris, Pursh. Shore of the Lakes to Missouri. A. caudata, Michx. Gray's Man. 235. Michx., Ell., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sandy soil. New England and New Jersey to Georgia ; also, Illinois and Missouri. A. vulgaris, L. Gray's Man. 236. Common Mug wort. Michx., Pursh, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y'. A. heterophylla, Nutt. Waste places. Naturalized in the Northern States, but native in British America. Torr. and Gr. The three foregoing species, according to Dr. C. A. Lee. are bitter tonics, anthelmintic, stomachic, and antispasmodic, and owe their virtues to an essential oil. The A. vulgaris, JIugwvrt, is much used in some parts of Europe as an emmenagogue and anti- hysteric. Some German physicians speak highly of its efficacy in the treatment of cpilcps}T. Merat and De Lens, i. 4.31; Griff. Med. Lot. 400; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 33; Wood, U. S. Dis. 4. A. biennis, Willd. Gray's Man. 230. Biennial Wormwood. Pursh, Nutt., De C, Torr. and Gr. Ohio, Indiana, Tennessee, and Missouri. Vicinity of New Al- bany— frequent. " Tonic and anthelmintic. Requires further examination." J. M. Big. List Med. PL of Ohio, 20, A. Absinthium, L. Gray's Man. 230. Connnon Wrrmwoed. Darl., Torr. and Gr. Figured, Dung. Therap. ii. 47. Frequently cultivated, and naturalized in some parts of the Northern States.' 118 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Officinal, U. S., Loncl., Ed., Dub. Med. Kef. Cullen, Mat. Med. ii. 45; Thach. Dis. 150; Raf. Med. EI. ii. 183; Herat and De Lens, i. 447; Lind. Fl. Med. 164; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 394; Royle, do. 451; Griff. Med. Bot. 405; Dung. Therap. ii. 47 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 4. Med. Prop. It is an aromatic and very bitter tonic, and has some reputation as an anthelmintic — has been employed in dyspep- sia, and in debilitated states of the stomach from intemperance. Dose of the powdered leaves twenty to thirty grains ; of the infu- sion, made with an ounce of the plant to a pint of boiling water, one or two ounces. G-naphalium polycephalum, Michx. Gray's Man. 237. Fragrant Life-everlasting ; Catfoot. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. El. N. Y. G. obtusifolium, L. Woods and fields. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Med. Kef. Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 33; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 797; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1262. A mild astringent ; an infusion or decoction is sometimes employ- ed, in domestic practice, in diarrhoea, dysentery, and some pulmonary affections. Antennaria margaritacea, R. Br. Gray's Man. 238. Pearly Life- everlasting . Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Gnaphalium margaritaceum, L., Michx., Pursh, Big., Darl. Old fields. Canada, Northern States, and mountains of the Southern States. A. plantaginifolia, Hook. Gray's Man. 238. Plantain Life- everlasting ; Cudweed. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Gnapha- lium plantaginifolium, L. ; G. plantagineum, Pursh, Ell., Big.; G. dioicum, var. plantaginifolium, Michx., Darl. Open woods and sterile hills. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Kef. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 224; Griff. Med. Bot. 407; Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 79; Wood, U. S. Dis. 1262. The medicinal properties of the two species are analogous to those of the Gnaphalium polycephalum. The A. plantaginifolia, boiled in milk, has considerable reputation in popular practice as a remedy in diarrhoea and dysentery. iu:poPwT on medical jjotany. 119 Erecldhites hieractfolia, Raf. Gray's Man. 239. Fire-Wet I. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. X. Y. SenecM hieracifoliai, L., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big;, Darl., Torr. and Gr-, Ttor. Fl. X. V. Newly-cleared grounds, &c. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Rcf. Raf. Med. Fl. K.26S; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 400; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 33; J. M. Big. List Med. PL of Ohio, 20; Williams, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 896. Acrid, tonic, astringent, and in large doses emetic. Raf. /. e. " It is said that an essential oil is extracted from it, which is used as a remedy for the piles and for diarrhoea." Torr. /. c. " An ointment made from this weed is most efficacious in the piles." Wil- liams, I. c. Senecio aureus, L. Gray's Man. 240. Golden Rqguteed; Wild Valerian; Life-Moot; Squaiv-Root. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Tdrr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. X. Y. Also, S. obovatus, and Bal- samitoe, Muhl. and others. Canada to Louisiana, west to Oregon. Vicinity of New Albany — not common. Med. Ref. Graham, XTew York Journ. Med. iv. 3GG (May, 1345); West. Journ. Med. and Surg. iii. 51; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. X. Y. 33; Torchcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 798; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1303 ; E. Ives, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 311. Med. Prop. According to Dr. Graham, it is a certain diuretic and diaphoretic, and increases the force of the pulse without producing any febrile symptoms, and is particularly useful in cases of anemia, attended with cold extremities and feeble circulation. Dr. Ives states: "It is an aromatic nervine, used to allay nervous irritation of the system generally; more particularly for sympathetic and irri- tative cough. A cough arising from an affection of the liver has been removed speedily and permanently by the use of the S. aureus. The root possesses the virtues of the plant in an eminent degree. The entire plant is commonly used. Half an ounce of the dried plant is to be infused in a pint of boiling water, and given freely.** E. Ives, I. c. Arnica nudieaulis, Ell. Ell. Sic. 333; Torr. and Gr. A. Clay- toni, Pursh. Damp pine barrens. Virginia to Florida. 120 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. A. mollis, Hook. Gray's Man. 241. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. lanceolata, Nutt. Wet places. Mountains of the Northern States. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 195; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 33; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 798. These plants are supposed to have medical virtues similar to those of the leopard's bane, the A. montana of Europe. Lappa major, Gsert. Gray's Man. 245. Burdock. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Arctium lappa, L., Pursh, Big., Darl. Road-sides and waste places. A naturalized foreigner. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, Dub. Pharm. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. 148; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 195; Merat and De Lens, i. 389; Lind. Fl. Med. 468; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 400; Royle, Mat. Med. 444; Griff. Med. Bot. 411; Wood, U. S. Dis. 117 ; Mitch. Therap. 161. Med. Prop. The burdock has been long employed in medicine; though now much neglected, has had much reputation as an altera- tive. It is a mild diaphoretic and deobstruent, useful in scrofulous and cutaneous diseases. Dr. Griffith speaks very favourably of it as a depurative, and Alibert states that it rarely fails to be of ser- vice in cutaneous affections in which there is dryness of the skin. Dr. Graves, of Dublin, used it with success in a case of obstinate impetiginous eruption that had resisted other means. He gave a pint daily of a decoction of four ounces of the root, boiled in a quart of water to a pint. Dr. T. D. Mitchell states that Dr. W. Barton, of South Carolina, had used it in an old case of skin disease with entire success, and that he cured a child five years old of scrofulous ophthalmia, which had resisted other treatment, by giving teaspoonful doses of the expressed juice of the mature leaf three times a day. The seeds are diuretic — dose in powder, one drachm. Cicliorium Intyhus, L. Gray's Man. 245. Wild Succory. Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Old fields and road-sides. Naturalized. Canada and Northern States. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 208; MeVat and De Lens, ii. 280; Lind. Fl. Med. 470; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 405; Royle, Mat. Med. 453; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 34; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1245. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTAVT. 121 This plant is one of the ancient medicines. The root ! to be tonic, diuretic, and in large doses aperient. Medical virtu. - supposed to be somewhat analogous to those of the Taraxacum. Little, if at all, employed at present. Hieracium venosum, L. Gray's Man. 248. Veiny Hawk llattlemakc-Weed ; Bloodivort. Tarsi), Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. ami Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dry soil, pine woods, &c. Canada, Northern and Western States, to the upper part of Georgia. Vicinity of New Albany — near Pro- vidence. Med. Reft Schcepf, Mat. Med; Harlan, Med. and Phys. Re- searches, 493; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 228; GrifF. Med. Bot. 412; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 35; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 21. Med. Prop. Rafinesquc says the root and leaves of the hawk- weed are antiseptic, astringent, sudorific, &c. But it is more espe- cially "worthy of notice on account of a series of experiments per- formed with it by Dr. Harlan to test its remedial efficacy for the bites of rattlesnakes. Mr. Ellsworth suffered himself to be bitten several different times in his hand and fingers. No serious injury resulted, which was mainly ascribed to his drinking a decoction of this plant. A ligature, however, was applied to his wrist, and therefore there is reason to doubt the remedial agency of the plant. Dr. Harlan observes, though the experiments afforded different re- sults, in no instance was it found successful as an antidote when administered to quadrupeds. JSfalalus albus, Hook. Gray's Man. 248. Iiatth'snaJce-Jioot ; Gall of the Earth ; White Lettuce; Lion s Foot. Torr. and Grr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Prennnthes alba, L., Michx., Tursh, Ell., Big., Dark; P. serpentaria, Pursh ;"P. miamensis}(?) ovata, and proteo- phylla, Ridd. Figured, Pursh, Fl. A. Sept. 2, 400, tab. 24. Open woods, barrens, &c. Canada, Northern and "Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens, not frequent. Med. Ref. Pursh, Fl. A. Sept. 2, 400: Harlan, Med. and Phys. Researches, 491; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 253; Griff. Med. Bot. 887; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 35 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio. 21. Med. Prop. This plant is one of the many supposed antidotes to the bites of venomous serpents. Pursh states he witnessed its effi- cacy in the case of a man that was bitten in the foot by a mocenson 122 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. snake. He used the milky juice boiled in milk internally, and ap- plied the steeped leaves to the wound. He was cured in a few days.. Recoveries, however, are frequent under various treatment, and when there has been no efficient means employed. Rafinesque states that the root is also used in dysentery. JSf. Fraseri, De C. Gray's Man. 249. Gall of the Earth, §>c. Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. rubicunda, Pursh ; P. alba, Ell. Dry sterile soil. Connecticut to Florida. Medical properties supposed to be the same as the foregoing species. Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Desf. Gray's Man. 251. Dandelion. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Leontodon Taraxacum, L., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 58 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 414 ; Dung. Therap. i. 284. Common to Europe and North America. Hooker thinks it is native in the Northern States and British America. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Dub. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. 255; Chap. Therap. i. 396; Raf. Fl. Med. ii. 18; Merat and De Lens, iv. 87; Lind. Fl. Med. 470; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 401; Royle, Mat. Med. 453; Griff. Med. Bot. 414; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 35; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 799; Wood, U. S. Dis. 706; Dung. Therap. i. 284. Med. Prop. The dandelion has been long employed as a medicine. Sprengel thinks that it is the Aphake of Theophrastus. Alterative, deobstruent, and slightly aperient. Has been mostly employed in chronic diseases of the liver, with deficient bilious secretion. Dose of the extract from ten to thirty grains, but it is frequently inert from age or the mode of preparation. The inspissated juice of the roots is preferable, and may be given in one or two drachm doses. Dose of the officinal decoction, two or three ounces several times a day. Lactuca elongata, Muhl. Gray's Man. 251. Wild Lettuce. Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. L. longi- folium, Michx. ; Galatherium elongatum, Nutt. Also L. sanguinea and integrifolia, Big.; L. hirsuta, Muhl.; and sagittifolia, Ell. Canada and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. 1 : 1 1 P 0 B T 0 N M ID] 0 A L B 0 T A | Y . Me.l. Ref. Big. Seq* till; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 234; Griff. Med. Bot. 410; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 801 ; Woo.!, I . Dis. 420. Med. Prop. This plant was placed in the Secondary List of the U. S. Pharm. as a substitute for the European L. virosa, hut it is seldom used, and, according to Aubergier, is destitute of lactuca- riutn, the active principle of L. virosa and sativa. See U. S. Dis. I. c. Soncltus oleraceus, L. Gray's Man. 2.32. Low Thhtle. Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. PI. N. Y. In wnste places. A European plant naturalized in many parts of the United States. Med. Kef. Merat and De Lens, vi. 430; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 2 " Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 801. "Said to be useful in stagnation of the portal circulation," .ice. Porcher, I. e.~ Seldom employed. Order 52. Lobeliacece, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 235, and Veg. King. 092 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 435. Lobelia cardinalis, L. Gray's Man. 253. Cardinal Flower. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl.," Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 43; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 64. Wet grounds. Most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Schcepf; Bart. Coll. i. 40; Bart. Yeg. Mat Mod. ii. 179; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 20; Griff. Med. Bot. 420; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 35 ; Torchcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. T87 : Wood, U. S. Dis. 430. Med. Prop. This plant is frequently cultivated on account of the beauty of its brilliant scarlet flowers. Medical virtues said to he analogous to those of the L. inllata, though much weaker. Dr. W. P. C. Barton states that the Cherokee Indians employ it successfully as an anthelmintic ; and, according to Schcepf, it is used for the same purposes as the L. syphilitica. Seldom employed, though it appa- rently possesses active properties. L. syphilitica, L. Gray's Man. 253. Blue Cardinal Flower. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl.,' Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. X. Y. 124 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 47; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 62. Low grounds, &c. Northern and Western States, and mountains of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 86; Thach. Dis. 262; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 205 ; Chap. Therap. i. 430 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 25 ; Griffith, Am. Journ. Pharm. viii. 191 ; Baily, Trans. Journ. Med. x. 422 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 420 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 35 ; Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 786 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 436. Med. Prop. A reputed remedy for syphilis among the Indians; but the experience of physicians has not confirmed its efficacy in that disease. Dr. Chapman states that its diuretic properties are fully confirmed, and that he has heard of its being employed with success in dropsy. Resembles the L. inflata in its properties, but Aveaker and more diuretic. In large doses, emetic and cathartic. The root is the part used. Dose not stated. L. sjyicata, Lam. Gray's Man. 254. Pale Spiked Lobelia. De C, Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. L. Claytoniana, Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl. ; L. pallida, Muhl., Big. Dry soil. Northern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. Med. Ref. Williams, N. York Journ. Med. vii. 175 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 35. Said to be a good diuretic. L. inflata, L. Gray's Man. 254. Lobelia; Indian Tobacco; Emetic-Weed. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 19; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 16 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 60 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 419 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 63 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. pi. 51 ; Dung. Therap. i. 132. Fields, road-sides, &c. Canada and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed. Med. Ref. Schcepf; Bart, Coll. i. 87, 38; Thach. Dis. 258; Am. Med. Record, xiii. 472; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 22; Calhoun, Am. Journ. Pharm. v. 300 ; Eberle, Mat, Med. i. 85 ; Baily, Trans. Journ. Med. x. 424; Yandell, West. Journ. Med. and Surg. ii. 78; Procter, Am. Journ. Pharm. ix. 105, and xiii. 1; Per. Mat. Med. REPORT ON MIDICAL ISOTANY. \-~> ii. 384 ; Williams, N. ¥. Joorn. Med. vii. L75j Boyle* Mat. Med. 456; Griflf. Med. Bot. 418 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. &0j Lee, Cat. Med. 1']. N. Y. 35; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 785; Wood, U. S. Dis. 434; Mitch. Thcrap. 509; Dung. Therap. i. 183. Med. Prop. No medicine has been more used or more abased by empirics, especially the Thompsonians, than lobelia ; yet it is a valuable article when judiciously employed. Although cases of it-; fatal effects, from the recklessness and ignorance of quacks, are not very unfrequent, it may admit of a doubt whether many active articles, as frequently and injudiciously employed, would be less dangerous. From the experiments of Mr. Procter, lobelina appears to be less deleterious than nicotin, the active principle of tobacco. Lobelia is expectorant, sedative, diaphoretic, and in large doses generally emetic, though uncertain in its operation. In large doses in debilitated states of the system, especially if not expelled by vomiting, it is "a dangerous narcotic sedative, very similar to tobacco in its action on the system. In regular practice, it has been mostly employed in spasmodic asthma and some other pulmonary affections. I have been in the habit of occasionally using and prescribing the tincture more than thirty years, and have found .it a safe and efficacious medicine ; but have never given it in large closes, rarely as an emetic, and then combined with ipecac. In asthma and bronchitis, two parts of the tincture to one of the tinct. sanguinaria is a good combination, of which from twenty to sixty drops may be given for a dose. In dy- sentery, with much febrile action, two parts of the tincture to one of tinct. opii is more beneficial than the latter alone. See Thach. Dis.; Eberle, Mat. Med. ; Per. Mat. Med.; U. S. Dis., &c. For an excel- lent analysis, and a description of lobelina, the active principle, see Procter, Am. Journ. Pharm. I. c. Dose of the powdered leaves as an expectorant, one to three grains. The best form is the tincture, of which the dose as an expectorant is from fifteen to forty drops. Order 53. Erieaccce, R.Br. End., Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 436 (Lind. Veg. King. Pyrolacere, 453 ; Monotropeaeea\ 452 : Ericaceae, 453; Yaccinacece, 757). G-aylussaeia dumosa, Torr. and (Jr. Cray's Man. 259. Dwarf Huckleberry. G. hirtella, Torr. Fl. N. Y. ; Yaecinium dumosum, And. Pursh, Ell. 10 126 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Figured, Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 67 (var. hirtella). Low sandy soil. Maine to Florida, near the coast. Gr. frondosa, Torr. and Gr. Gray's Man. 259. Blue Tangle. Torr. Fl. N. Y. Vaccinium frondosum, L., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl.; V. glaucum, Michx. Open woods. Maine to Florida. Cf. resinosa, Torr. and Gr. Gray's Man. 259. Black Huckle- berry. Torr. Fl. N. Y. Vaccinium resinosum, Ait., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl. Open woods and sterile hills. Canada, Northern and Western States, to South Carolina and Georgia. Yicinity of New Albany — knobs. Vaccinium stamineum, L. Gray's Man. 260. Beerberry. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. and Gr. Woods. New England to Florida, and Western States. Yicinity of New Albany — not rare. V. JPennsylvanicum, Lam. Gray's Man. 261. Low Blueberry. Michx., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Y. tenellum, Pursh, Big. (not of Ait.). Dry gravelly hills, &c. Canada and Northern States to Vir- ginia. V. arboreum, Marsh. Ell. Sk. i. 495. FarMeberry. Michx., Pursh. Dry woods, &c. North Carolina to Florida. The leaves and bark of the root of the foregoing species of Gay- lussacia and vaccineum are used in decoction as astringents in diar- rhoea, sore throat, &c. Ell., Raf., Griff., Porcher. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Spreng. Gray's Man. 263. Bearberry. De C, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Arbutus uva-ursi, L., Michx., Pursh, Big. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 6 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 9 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 420 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. pi. 52. Dry soil on mountains. Canada, Northern States, and in Europe and Asia. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed., Dub. Med. Ref. Cullen, Mat. Med. ii. 6 and 27 ; Bart. Coll. i. 9 ; REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 1 1' , Thach. Dis. 147; Big. Med. Bot. i. 66; Big. Seq. 885; Chap. Therap. i. 450 ; Raf. Med. PI. i. 57 ; Merat and De Lens, i. I Eberle, Mat. Med. ii. 864; Lind. PI. Med. 882; Per.Mat. Med. ii. 382; Royle, Do. 458 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 420 ; Carson, DlttSt. Med. Bot. i. 61; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 86; Wood, U. S. Dis. 729 ; Dung. Therap. i. 304. Med. Prop. Astringent and tonic ; supposed to exert a specific influence in diseases of the urinary organs, especially in chronic mucous discharges from the bladder. Dose of the powdered lea two scruples to a drachm. The officinal decoction is the best form, the dose of which is two to four tablcspoonfuls three or four times a day. Gaidtheria procumbens, L. Gray's Man. 2G4. Winter- Greeit; OhecJcerberry ; Teaberry ; Partridge-berry. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark', Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 22 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 15; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 40; Griff. Med. Bot. 424. Cold damp woods. Canada, Northern States, and mountains of the Southern States. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. ' Med. Ref. Schcepf; Bart. Coll. i. 19; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 27: Bart, Veg. Mat. Med. i. 174; Big. Seq. 194 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 202 ; Procter, Am. Journ. Pharm.; Griff. Med. Bot. 424; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 36 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 777 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 345. Med. Prop. A very pleasant and grateful aromatic, with some astringency. An infusion of the leaves is a popular remedy for bowel-complaints and debility of the stomach. The essential oil, or an essence made from it, is more employed in regular practice as a carminative, and to flavour various mixtures. An ounce of the oil taken by mistake has occasioned death. Epigca repens, L. Gray's Man. 264. Ground Laurel : May- Flower; Trailing Arbutus. Called by the Shakers G raeel-I'lant. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 358, fig. 5937. Northern side of woodland hills, &e. Canada and most parts of the United States. Med. Ref. Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 432 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 128 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 36 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1257 ; E. Ives, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 314. Med. Prop. " This plant possesses properties allied to those of the uva-ursi, moderately stimulating and diuretic, acting in an espe- cial manner on the kidneys and the membrane of the bladder and urethra. It is thought to have emmenagogue properties in cases of amenorrhcea arising in scrofulous constitutions. * * * When the uva-ursi and buchu have produced unpleasant symptoms, in cases of irritated action in the bladder and urethra, the decoction of the leaves of the trailing arbutus has produced an alleviation of the symp- toms, and sometimes an entire removal of the disease." Dr. E. Ives, I. c. Dr. Ives refers to Drs. Knight, Beardsley, and Tyler, who have used the epigea with much success in the above-mentioned diseases, and also in albuminuria, and anasarca following scarlatina ; also in a case of anasarca, ascites, and cough, with albuminous urine, which had resisted other means. A decoction of one ounce of the dried leaves, prepared with a pint of water, may be given daily. Andromeda polifoHa, L. Gray's Man. 265. Wild Rosemary. Michx., Pursh, Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sphagnous swamps. Canada, Pennsylvania, and Northern States, A. Mariana, L. Gray's Man. 266. Kill Lamb ; Stagger Bush. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dry sandy soil. New England to Florida, near the coast. A. arhorea, L. Gray's Man. 266. Sorrel- Tree ; Sour Wood. Pursh, Ell. Oxydendron arborea, De C. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 5. Woods. Pennsylvania and Ohio to Florida. A. angustifolia, Pursh, i. 291. Ell. Sk. i. 486. Open swamps. Carolina and Georgia, Pursh. A. nitida, Walt. Ell. Sk. i. 486. Sour Wood; Sorrel- Tree. Michx., Pursh. Sandy woods. Carolina and Florida. A. sjjeciosa, Michx. Ell. Sk. i. 493 ; Michx., Pursh. Swamps. North and South Carolina. REPORT ON MEDICAL liOTANY. Med. R'ef. Bart. OolL L 19 and 61; Raf. Med. PI. i. 4l, i_. and 191 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 423; Porcher, Trans. Am. M> d. Assoc. ii. 776 and 777; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1228. Med. Prop. The leaves of the A. arborea and nitida are and in decoction are said to be a pleasant and cooling drink in fc\ The powder covering the leaves of some of the species is a powerful errhine. The A. Mariana, lamb-killer, stagger bush, is supposed to be poisonous to lambs and calves, giving them the staggers. Accord- ing to Rafinesque, the A. nitida and angustifolia are the equivalents of Kalmia for curing the itch, &c. Clethra alnifolia, L. Gray's Man. 267. Siveet Pepper-Bush. ; White Alder. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. PL N. Y. Swamps and wet places. Maine to Florida. "Diaphoretic, stimulant, fragrant; the leaves and flowers." Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 36. Uliododendron maximum, L. Gray's Man. 260. Rose Bay : Great Laurel. Michx., Michx. f. Pursh, Elk, Big., Dark, Torr. PL N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 67 ; Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 51. Swamps and near mountain streams. Canada, New England to Kentucky, Tennessee, and South Carolina. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 18 ; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 101 ; Raf. Med. ii. 256; Griff. Med. Bot. 428; Lee, Cat. Mod. PL N, Y. 07 : Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 777. Med. Prop. This beautiful shrub was examined by Dr. Bigelow on account of its reputed poisonous properties, which, however, were not confirmed. He states that it must be ranked among astringents, and that its narcotic properties, if any, are very slight. Dr. B. S. Barton says "it is certainly a poison," I. e. Elliott states the leaves are destructive to animals when forced, by the severity of the winter, to browse upon them. Sk. i. 484. jR. punctatum, L. Ell. Sk. i. 484 ; Pursh. R. minus. Michx. Banks of streams, &c. Southern States. Properties supposed to be similar to those of the R. maximum. Griff. Med. Bot. 428; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 778, Kalmia latifolia, L. Gray's Man. 260. Laurel; Mountain 130 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Laurel; Calico Bush. Michx., Michx. f. Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. T. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 68; Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 13; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 57 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 429. Rocky hills and woods. Canada to South Carolina. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Ref. Bart, Coll. i. 18 and 50, ii. 26 ; Thomas, Inaug. Diss. ; Big. Med. Bot. i. 153 ; Thach. Dis. 247 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 16 ; Stabler, Am. Journ. Pharm. x. 241 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 428 ; Lee, Cat, Med. PI. 1ST. Y. 37; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 778; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1276. Med. Prop. There is some uncertainty as to the properties of the kalmia. Dr. B. S. Barton speaks of it as being very noxious, and states that the Indians make use of a decoction of the leaves to destroy themselves. Dr. Bigelow, from his own experience, does not think highly of its narcotic power. According to Dr. Thomas, thirty drops of a strong decoction of the leaves, taken six times a day, caused so much vertigo as to render it necessary to diminish the dose. Dr. Stabler thinks that it acts as an arterial sedative, without any narcotic or acrid properties. A dose of the strong decoction produced ver- tigo, dimness of sight, &c, although forty grains of the powdered leaves produced no perceptible effect. Dr. Stabler recommends two ounces of the leaves to be infused in a pint of alcohol ; dose thirty drops every two or three hours. A decoction of the leaves, or the powdered leaves mixed with lard, applied externally, are said to cure the itch and some other cutaneous diseases. K. angustifolia, L. Gray's Man. 270. Sheep Laurel; Lamb Kill; Lamb Laurel; Sheep Poison. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Swamps and mountains. Canada to South Carolina. K. glauca, Ait. Gray's Man. 270. Pale Laurel; Swamp Laurel. Michx., Pursh, Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Bogs, and borders of mountain lakes. Canada and Northern States. K. euneata. Michx. i. 25*9 ; Pursh, Ell. Sk. i. 482. Mountains of Carolina and Georgia. REPORT ON MEDICAL IJOTANV. 181 K. hirsute, Walt., Michx., Pursh. Ell. Sk. L 182. Wet sandy pine barrens. South Carolina to Florida. The four preceding species of laurel have the same medicinal vir- tues as the K. latifolia. See Raf. Med. PI. ii. 17 and 1H ; Ell. i. 482 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 37 ; Porchcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 779; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1276. Loiseleuria procumbens, Desv. Gray's Man. 270. Azalea pro- cumbens, L., Pursh. Alpine summits of the White Mountains, N. II., and of the Grand- father, North Carolina. "Has some reputation as an astringent." Griff. Med. But. 424. Ledum latifolium, Ait. Gray's Man. 271. Labrad T U Michx., Pursh, Big. L. palustre, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dr. Gray thinks this plant is distinct from the L. palustre of Northern Europe and Northern America. Dr. Torrey, however, considers them only varieties. Sphagnous swamps. Canada and Northern States. Med. Ref. Schocpf; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 236; Griff. Med. Bot. 436 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N.Y. 37; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1279. Med. Prop. Tonic, astringent, and slightly narcotic. A decoc- tion of the leaves is used in diarrhoea and dysentery, also internally and externally in cutaneous diseases, especially those accompanied with much itching or irritation. Pyrola rotundifolia, L. Grays Man. 271. Pound- Pyrola; Shin-Leaf. Michx., Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Damp woods. Canada to South Carolina — rare in the Western States. Also in Europe. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 72 ; Me'rat and De Lens. v. 564 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 420. The name of shin-leaf is derived from the application of the large fleshy leaves to sore shins, &c. According to Ratinesquc, the Indians and empirics employ this and other species of pyrola as sudorifics, astringents, and nervines, in diseases of the breast, coughs, &C. Cliimaphila ■umbeUata, Nutt. Gray's Man. 274. Prince'* Pine ; Pipsissewa. Nutt., De C, Torr. Fl. N. Y. C. eorymbosa, Pursh : Pyrola umbeUata, L., Michx., Big., Darl. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 21 ; Bart. Yog. Mat. Med. i. tab. 132 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 1; Griff. Med. Bot. 421; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. pi. 53; Dung. Therap. i. 277. Shady sandy soil. Canada, Northern States, and north of Europe and Asia. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed., Dub. Med. Ref. Schoepf ; Bart. Coll. ii. 2, 31, and 48; Mitch. Inaug. Diss.; Somerville, Med.-Chirurg. Trans. 5; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 15; Bart, Veg. Mat. Med. i. 17 ; Big. Seq. 310 ; Burgon, Am. Med. Re- cord, iii. 333; Chap. Therap. i. 431; Raf. Med. El. i. 71; Mdrat and De Lens, v. 564 ; Eberle, Mat. Med. ii. 321 ; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 380; Royle, Mat. Med. 459 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 421 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. i. 62; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 38; Wood, U. S. Dis. 207. Med. Prop. A somewhat acrid tonic and stimulant, but mostly esteemed as a diuretic in dropsies and diseases of the urinary organs, and has also been employed in scrofulous affections. Used in the same diseases as the uva-ursi, and said to be less liable to offend the stomach than that article. The best form of administration is the officinal decoction, of which a pint may be taken daily. C. maculata, Pursh. Gray's Man. 273. Spotted Winter-Green. Pursh, Ell., Torr. El. N. Y. Pyrola maculata, L., Michx., Big., Darl. Dry woods. Canada to Carolina, Figured, Raf. Med. El. ii. No. 79; Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. pi. 70; Griff. Med. Bot. 421. Medical properties said to be similar to those of the C. umbellata, though there is some difference of opinion in regard to its medical virtues. Galax aphylla, L. Ell. Sk. i. 295. G. rotundifolia, Pursh ; Ery- throhiza rotundifolia, Michx. Carpenter s Leaf ; Beetle- Weed. Figured, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. tab. 36. High mountains. Virginia, Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Med. Ref. Pursh, Fl. A. Sept. 2, 446; Nutt. Gen. i. 145; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 222 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 420. The root is astringent, and the leaves are applied in popular prac- tice to cuts and wounds, &c. Monotropa uniflora, L. Gray's Man. 275. Indian Pipe ; Fit- Boot. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. BBP0B1 01 KBDIOAL BOTAfl Figured, Hurt. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. vs fig. 1 ; Ton-. Fl. N. V. i. pi. 71. Woods; parasite ob the roots of other plants. Most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany— I Med. Ref. Raf. Med. PI. ii. 248; Porcher, Trans. Am. Assoc, ii. 770; J. M. Big. List Med. I'l. Ohio, 22. Med. Prop. "Nervine juice mixed with water als pecifio for sore eyes. The dried root in powder used in convnlsi -hil- drcn and epilepsy ; dose, a tcaspoonful." Raf. I. C. Employed by the steam practitioners. Porcher, 1. c. Not known t'j be used in regular practice. Ordkr 54. Aquifoliacciv, Do C. Lind. Nat. Syst. 228, and Veg. King. 597; Gray's Hot. Text-Book, 439. Ilex opaeay Ait. Gray's Man. 276. American Holly. Mieh.w, Pursh, Ell.-, Big., Darl., Torr. FI. N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 84 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 53 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 433. Sandy woods. Northern and Southern States, and Kentucky and Tennessee. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 7; Griff. Med. Bot. 432; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 39; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 782; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1270. Med. Prop. This tree is nearly allied to the I. aqnifolia, the European holly, and is said to possess similar properties, the pow- dered leaves of which are asserted to cure intermittent.-:, given in the dose of a drachm to a drachm and a half two or three hours before the expected paroxysm. The leaves are bitter, tonic, and diapho- retic. Berries emetic, purgative, and diuretic; ten or twelve will generally prove cathartic. I. Dalioon, Walt. Ell. Sk. ii. 080. Dahoon Jlolh/. Walt., Michx., Pursh, Nutt. I. Cassine, L. Open swamps. Carolina to Florida, Pursh. Medical virtues identical with those of S. Cassena, Griff., Porcher, Wood. I. Cassena, Walt. Ell. Sk. ii. 681. Casscna. Miehx. I. vo- mitoria, L., Pursh, Nutt. Along the sea-coast. Carolina to Florida. 134 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 38, 52; Pursh, i. 118; Ell. Sk. ii. 682 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 9 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 433 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 782; Wood, U. S. Dig. App. 1270. According to Drs. Griffith and Porcher, this and the preceding species are both called Cassena; Elliott, however, states positively that this species only is called Cassena, and the other Dahoon holly. Dr. B. S. Barton says: "It is thought to be one of the most powerful diuretics hitherto discovered. It is held in great esteem among the southern Indians ; they toast the leaves, and make a decoction of them. It is the men alone that are permitted to drink of the decoction which is called the Black Drink." Elliott observes : " That a strong infusion of the plant is used by the tribes of the Creek Indians at the opening of their councils." * * * It acts as a mild emetic. Pursh states that the Indians use it as a medicine, and as a drink of etiquette at their councils. In small doses (quantity not stated) diuretic, in large ones emetic and cathartic. It is an interesting fact that the celebrated Mate or Paraguay Tea is prepared from the leaves of a species of Ilex, the Paraguay- ensis, which contains the same proximate principles as tea and coffee. I. myrtifolia, Walt. Ell. Sk. ii. 681 ; Walt., Michx., Ell. I. angustifolia, Pursh, Nutt. Swamps and around ponds. Virginia to Georgia. " Dr. Joseph Johnson, of Charleston, informs us that this is used to some extent, in domestic practice, as a diuretic in dropsy." Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 783. Prinos verticillatus, L. Gray's Man. 276. Winter-Berry ; Black Alder. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. Gronovii, Michx. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 56 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 17. Wet places. Canada to South Carolina and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Schcepf; Bart. Coll. ii. 5; Thach. Dis. 310; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 141; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. 203; Chap. Therap. ii. 498; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 253; Griff. Med. Bot. 434; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 39 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 2, 780 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 574. II K PORT OX MEDICAL &OTAHI* 186 Med. Prop. The bark is bitter, tonic, and astringent, and hafl been used as n\\ I. BOl A S /'. cordata, Lam. Cray's Man. 278. Heart-l < ed Plantain. Pursh, Muhl., Torr. PI. N. V. I'. Kentnckienaii, Miohx. Wet places. Canada, North, in and Western St.r 7-'. lanceolata, L. Cray's Man. 278. Iiil>-(J nms. Pursh, V> Pari., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Fields and meadows. Most parts of the United State.-. An in- troduced plant. P. Vire/inica, L. Gray's Man. 270. White Plantui". or Ilil- wort. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. V. Dry fields. Most parts of the United States. Vicinity of Now Albany — not common. According to Dr. Lee, these species have the same properties as the common plantain, and may be substituted for it. Order 59. Plumbaginacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 269, and Vcg. King. 640; Gray's Dot. Text-Book, 442. Statice Caroliniana, Walt. Gray's Man. 280 (as S. Limonium). Marsh Rosemary ; Sea Lavender. Pursh, Big. S. Limoncum, Ell., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Gray's Man., not of L. M. Boissier (De C. Trod.). Gray has decided that this plant is distinct from S. Limonium of Europe. Sec Sill. Journ. vii. 310, new series. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 25; Raft Med. Fl. ii. No, 89; Griff. Med. Bot. 525 ; Dung. Therap. ii. 135. Salt marshes. Sea-coast, Massachusetts to Florida. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Mott. Inaug. Diss. ; Thach. Dis. 345 ; Big. Mod. Bot. ii. 51; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 93 ; Griff. Med. Bot, 525: Lee, Tar. Med. PI. N.Y. 40; Wood, U. S. Dis. 686; Poroher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 802. Med. Prop. The root, according to Dr. Bigelow, is one of the most intense and powerful vegetable astringents that we possess, being quite equal to galls. It is employed for the same purposes as other astringents, but is mostly used as a topical remedy in aphtha} and other ulcerative affections of the mouth and throat. Decoction or infusion is the best mode oi' administration'. Order 60. Primulacese, Vent. Lind. Nat, Syst. 229, Y _ King. 044; Gray's Bot. Text-Booh, 440. 138 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Anagallis arvensis, L. Gray's Man. 284. Scarlet Pimpernel. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sandy fields. A European plant, naturalized in most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 191 ; Me>at and De Lens, i. 276 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 779; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1227. Med. Prop. The Pimpernel was esteemed by the ancients as a counter poison, and is one of the numerous articles recommended as a preventive of hydrophobia. It has been given internally in visce- ral obstructions, consumption, &c, and applied externally to old ulcers. It is now neglected, though it is not inert, as Orfila found three drachms of the extract sufficient to destroy a dog. Order 61. OrobancJiacew, L., Rich. Lind. Nat. Syst. 287, and Veg. King. 509 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 443. Epiphagus Virginiana, Bart. Gray's Man. 289. Beech-Drops. Cancer-Root. Bart., Torr. Comp. E. Americana, Nutt., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Orobanche Virginiana, Lam., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 27. Canada and the United States. Parasitic on the roots of beech- trees. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. ii. 6; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 25; Chap. Therap. ii. 500; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 248; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 384 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 40 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 813 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1289. Med. Prop. An astringent, said to be an ingredient in Martin's famous cancer powder, which, however, also contained arsenic. Dr. B. S. Barton observes that it has been of great service as an exter- nal application to obstinate ulcers, some of which had resisted other means. Dr. Eberle states that he has known it to be highly bene- ficial in aphthous ulceration of the mouth; and that he has used a strong decoction, as awash in obstinate herpetic affections, with com- plete success. It has also been employed in dysentery and diarrhoea. The whole plant is active, but loses much of its strength in drying. Conopholis Americana, Wallroth. Gray's Man. 290. Broom Rape; Squaw-Root. Orobanche Americana, L., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 139 Parasitic on the roots of oaks. Canada and United States. Vi - cinity of New Albany — not frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 248; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 813; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1289. Med. Prop. See Aphyllon unrflora. Aphyllon uniflorum, Torr. and Gr. Gray's Man. 290. Cancer- Root; Squaw-Root, §c. Orobanche uniflora, L., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. 0. biflora, Nutt. Figured, Bart. Yeg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 50. Parasitic on the roots of plants. Canada and the United States. Med. Ref. Bart. Yeg. Mat. Med. ii. 229 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 813 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1289. Med. Prop. These two plants are also called Cancer-root, and Squaw-root. Little is known of their properties, though they are said to be the same as those of the Epiphagus. Order 62. Bignoniacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 282, and Yeg. King. 475; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 444. Bignonia capreolata, Ell. Ell. Sk. ii. 107; Michx., Pursh. B. cru- cigera, Walt, (not of L.). Shady banks of streams. Yirginia, Kentucky, and Indiana, to Florida. Yicinity of New -Albany — rare. " The root and vine, in infusion and decoction, answer the pur- pose of sarsaparilla. It is detergent' and alterative, aperient, diu- retic, and sudorific; used in syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and in derangements arising from impurities of the blood." Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 812. Catalpa bignonioides,Walt. Gray's Man. 292. Catalpa; Bean- Tree; Indian Bean. C. syringEefolia, Sims, Pursh, Torr. Fl. N. Y.; C. cordifolia, Nutt., Ell., Darl.; Bignonia Catalpa, L., Michx. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab.. 64. Banks of streams. Southern States. Cultivated in the Northern and Western States. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 205; Am. Journ. Pharm. vi. 352; Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xv. 240; Merat and De Lens, vii. 107; Griff. Med. Bot. 516 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 40; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 812 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 23 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1240. 140 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Med. Prop. " Bark tonic and vermifuge, wood emetic, leaves emollient, anodyne," &c. Baf. I. c. "It is reputed to be poisonous. The seeds have been employed, by several practitioners of Conti- nental Europe, in asthma. M. Antomarchi recommends a decoction made by boiling twelve ounces of water, with three ounces of the seeds, down to six ounces ; the whole to be given morning and night." U. S. Dis. I. c. G-eheminum sempervirens, Ell. Ell. Sk. i. 311. Yelloiv Jessa- mine. G. nitidum, Michx., Pursh; Bignonia sempervirens, L. Bich soil near the sea-coast. Virginia to Florida. Med. Bef. Ell. Sk. i. 312; Baf. Med. Fl. ii. 223; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 812. Med. Prop. " The flowers, root, &c, of this plant are narcotic. A spirituous tincture of the root has been used successfully in rheu- matism. The effluvia of the flowers are said sometimes to induce stupor." Ell. I.e. Dr. Porcher states that it is employed in gonor- rhoea, and that ninety drops of the tincture of the bark of the root, taken in three doses, produce vertigo, perverted vision, kc. Dr. Frost, of South Carolina, has observed its marked effect on the nervous system. Porcher, I. c. Order 63. Serophulariacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 288, and Yeg. King. 687; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 445. Yerhascum Thapsus, L. Gray's Man. 296. Common Mullein. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Fields, pastures, &c. An introduced plant. Throughout the United States. Yicinity of Xew Albany — common. Officinal, Dub. Pharm. Med. Bef. Baf. Med. Fl. ii. 273; Merat and De Lens, vi. 863; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 295; Boyle, Do. 493; Griff. Med. Bot. 515; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. X. Y. 41; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 813; Wood, U. S. Dis. 735. Med. Prop. Emollient, demulcent, and slightly anodyne. A decoc- tion of one ounce of the dried leaves in a pint of water has been used in colds, coughs, diarrhoea, &c, in the dose of three or four ounces. In the form of poultices and fomentations, it has been applied to hemorrhoidal tumours and swelled glands. " The flowers, when dried in the air, are said to yield a fatty matter, which is useful in the piles." Dr. Torrey. REPORT ON MEDICAL lioTANV. Ill V. Blattaria, L. Gray's Man. 196. Moik -' Michx., Pursli, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. PI. N. Y. V. Claytoni, Michx. Fields and road-sides. Naturalised throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. V. Lychnitis, L. Gray's Man. 296'. White Mullein. Pursh, Ell., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sandy fields and road-sides. A foreign plant, naturalized in some parts of the United States. Little is known of the properties of these plants. Rafinesque and Lee suppose them to have medical virtues analogous to those of the common mullein. Linaria vulgaris, Mill. Gray's Man. 207. Toad Flax. Snap- dragon liamsted. Pari., Torr. FL N. Y\ Antirrhinum Linaria, L., Pursh, Big. Fields and waste places. A naturalized plant. Northern, Mid- dle, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 202 ; Merat and De Lens, i. 356 ; Lind. PL Med. 505; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 41; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1229. Med. Prop. Reputed to be cathartic, diuretic, and somewhat anodyne. The infusion has been used in dropsy, jaundice, diseases of the skin, and the fresh plant as an external application in the form of poultice, or fomentation, to piles. An ointment, made from the flowers, has been employed for the same purpose, and as a topi- cal application in cutaneous diseases. Scrophularia nodosa, L. Gray's Man. 297. Figwort. S. no- dosa, var. Americana, Michx. ; Scrophularia Marilandiea. L., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. : S. lanceolata, Pursh. Fields and fence-rows. Common to Europe and America. Vi- cinity of New Albany — frequent. Officinal, Dub. Pharm. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 262 ; Merat and De Lens. vi. 278; Lind. Fl. Med. 503; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 295; Ro yle, Do. 490 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 518; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 41; Poreher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 814 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 048 : Dr. F. B. Hough, Bost. Med. and Surg. Journ. xl. 402. Med. Prop. According to Pereira, the leaves appear to be acrid, and when swallowed occasion vomiting and purging, and are said 11 142 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. to be diuretic and narcotic. The officinal ung. scrophul arise was used with the best effects by Dr. Stokes, of Dublin, in the pemphi- gus gangrenosus of children. Dr. Montgomery employed it with success in tinea capitis, impetigo, and other skin diseases. Dr. F. B. Hough, of Somerville, N. Y., says that this plant, known there by the name of Woman's Friend, has a popular reputation in Northern New York, among pregnant women, as an anodyne to allay the restlessness, anxiety, wakefulness, &c, peculiar to their situa- tion. He employed it with much advantage, and thinks it acts as a sedative on the foetus, whose motions it quiets. He gave from two to four ounces of the infusion of one ounce of the fresh root to a pint of water. Thinks the virtues of the root much impaired by drying. Chelone glabra, L. Gray's Man. 298. Snake-head ; Shell-flower ; Balmony. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 76 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 97; Griff. Med. Bot. 520. Wet places. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 117; Griff. Med. Bot. 520; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 41 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 24. Med. Prop. But little is known of the properties of the Chelone, except from Rafinesque, who obtained his knowledge of it from Dr. Lawrence, and the Shakers of New Lebanon, New York. He states that the whole plant, especially the leaves, are tonic, hepatic, ca- thartic, &c, and that it is useful in fevers, jaundice, and eruptions of the skin. Much employed by the Thompsonians, under the name of Balmony. Dose of the powdered leaves, a drachm three times a day. Drs. Lee and Griffith think it deserves further examination. G-ratiola Virginica, L. Gray's Man. 300. Sedge Hyssop. Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Wet or muddy places. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Gr. aurea, Muhl. Gray's Man. 300. G-olden Hedge Hyssop. Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. G. officinalis, Michx., not of L. Sandy wet places. Massachusetts to Florida. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 225; Griff. Med. Bot. 519; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 42; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 24; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 815. REPORT ON HlDrOAI BOTAVT. Med. Prop. These two species, especially the Or. aarea, posed to possess the same properties as the G. officinalis of Europe, which is a drastic purgative, emetic, and diuretic; contains reratria, and is thought to he the active ingredient in the celebrated /. '•/ - dicinale. Veronica Virginica, L. Gray's Man. 303. Culver's Ph Black-Root. Michx., Pursh, Ell. Leptandra Virgtnica, Xutt., Big., Darl.; Poederota Virginica, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 59 (as Leptandra purpurea). Rich damp soil. Most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens ; rare elsewhere. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 20; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. X. V. 42; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 816; Wood, U. S. Dig. App. 1279. Med. Prop. The root is a certain, and in a moderate dose a mild, cathartic. In the recent state, it is much more active than when dry. The late Dr. Pendergrass, of Louisville, conside one of the best cholagogues that we possess, and an excellent sub- stitute for mercurial cathartics. Dose of the powdered root, twenty grains to a drachm. It also may be given in infusion. V. Americana, Schwein. Gray's Man. 303. BrooMime. Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Borders of springs and rivulets. Northern, Middle, and Western States. Portland, Kentucky, opposite New Albany. V. officinalis, L. Gray's Man. 303. Speedwell. Michx., Tursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dry woods. Common to Europe and North America. " Cer- tainly indigenous in some places." Dr. Gray. V. peregrina, L. Gray's Man. 304. Neck weed: Furf Speedwell. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. V. Cultivated grounds. Canada and Northern States. Introduced. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Merat and De Lens, vi. 875; Griff. Med. Rot. 517 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 42; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 810; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1313; J. M. Big. List Med. Fl. of Ohio, 24. 144 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Med. Prop. The three foregoing species of Veronica, though formerly employed in medicine, are now seldom used. The V. offi- cinalis has been considered diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, &c, and has been employed in pectoral, nephritic, and cutaneous dis- eases. The V. peregrina received the popular name of Neckweed from its being used externally and internally in scrofulous affections of the neck. The expressed juice of the V. Americana, like the beccabunga of Europe, may be given internally as a deobstruent and depurative. Order 64. Verbenacese, Juss. Lind. Nat, Syst. 277, and Veg. King. 663; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 446. Verbena hastata, L. Gray's Man. 311. Blue Vervain; Sim- pler s Joy. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. V. paniculata, Lam. Moist, rich soil. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 274; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y.42; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 810; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1312. Med. Prop. The leaves (?) are said to be a strong bitter, emetic and expectorant, and a good substitute for eupatorium, but weaker. Rafinesque. Little, if at all, used in regular practice. V. urticifolia, L. Gray's Man. 311. Nettle-leaved Vervain. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Road-sides and waste places. ' Canada and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Med. Ref. Schcepf ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 274 ; Merat and De Lens, 866 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 810 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1312. According to Schoepf, the root, boiled in milk with white oak bark, has been used with success in poisoning by Rhus Toxicoden- dron. A strong tincture of the root has been used with decided advantage as a diuretic in scanty and difficult micturition. Dose, two to four drachms three times a day. Oallicarpa Americana, L. Ell. Sk. i. 199. French Mulberry. Michx., Pursh. Light, sandy soil. Virginia to Florida. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 1 16 Med. Rcf. Ains. Mat. Ind. ii. 181 j Raf. Med. Fl. D. 202j Porchcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 810. Med. Frop. Used as an alterative in cutaneous diseases. Aiu.slie, I. c. Said to be useful in dropsical diseases. Porcher, I. c. Order 65. Labiatx, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 275; Gray's Bat Text-Book, 447. Lamiaceie, Lind. Veg. King. 659. M entha viridis, L. Gray's Man. 316. Spearmint. Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. M. tenuis, Michx., Pursh, Ell. Wet, springy places. Naturalized in most parts of the United States. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed., Dub. M. piperita, L. Gray's Man. 316. Peppermint. Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 63. Moist grounds. Naturalized in some places, and frequently cul- tivated. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed., Dub. The pleasant and stimulating carminative properties of spearmint and peppermint are too well known to require particular notice. 31. Canadensis, L. Gray's Man. 316. Canadian Mint; Wild Mint. Pursh, Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. M. borealis, Pursh, Big. Low, wet grounds along streams. Canada, Northern, Middle, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. This is supposed to be the only native species of Mentha of North America. It is not so pleasant to the taste as the preceding, and has been little used as a medicine, but would be a tolerable substi- tute for them when they cannot be obtained. LycopusYirginicus,li. Gray's Man. 316. Bugle- Weed. Miohx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. L. unitlorus, Michx. ; L. pumila, Vahl., Pursh. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 6 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 505. Wet, shady places. Canada and most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Schcepf ; Fendleton and Rogers, N. York Mod. and Phys. Journ. i; 179; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 26; Eberle, West. Med. 146 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Gaz. i. 160; Griff. Med. Bot. 504; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 43; N. S. Davis, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, i. 346 ; Williams, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 902 ; Porcher, Do. 805 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 436; Dung. Therap. ii. 388. Med. Prop. Although the bugle-weed was noticed by Schcepf, it was first prominently brought before the profession by Drs. Pendle- ton and Rogers, of New York. Rafinesque, having used it in his own case, extols it highly as an excellent sedative, tonic, astring- ent, and somewhat narcotic. Dr. N. S. Davis states that, when taken in health, it diminishes the force and frequency of the pulse, induces a slight degree of costiveness, without vertigo, nausea, or any other unpleasant symptom. The whole plant is used. It has been employed with much suc- cess in diarrhoea, hemorrhages, chronic coughs, &c. The infusion is made with one ounce to a pint of boiling water, of which half a pint to one pint may be given in twenty-four hours. According to Rafinesque, it may be taken freely without much regard to quantity. L. sinuatus, Ell. Gray's Man. 316. Water Horehound. Ell., Dark, Hook., Torr. Fl. N. Y. L. Europeus, Michx., Pursh, Big., not of L. ; L. exaltatus, Pursh, Ell., not of L. ; Americanus, Muhl. ; L. vulgaris, Nutt.; L. angustifolius, Nutt., Ell. Low wet places. Canada to South Carolina, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany. The references to Lycopus Europeus, in Griff. Med. Bot., U. S. Dis., and in Porcher's Rep., as being found in the United States, belong to the L. sinuatus. The L. Europeus, L., is not naturalized in this country. Yet it is probable that they possess analogous medical virtues. " The sensible properties of the L. sinuatus correspond with the L. Virginicus, and from some trials I have made with it believe it equal. In some respects, it may be superior. It deserves at any rate to have its medicinal relations exactly fixed." J. M. Big. List of Med. PI. of Ohio, 25. Origanum vulgare, L. Gray's Man. 317. Wild Marjoram. Pursh, Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dry grounds. A European plant, partially naturalized in New England, and southward. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed. A warm, pungent carminative. The essential oil is a frequent It K PORT OX KIOXOAI V. 117 iagredienl m stimulating linimente, «ve., whose properties are fully treated of in most worlu oo the materia medica. CollinsoMa Canadensis, L. Gray's Man. :)17. // Horse weed ; Knobiveed; Richweed; StOMi P • HL, Big., Pari., Torr. Fl. N. Y. (J. oyata, Pursh, Ell. Figured, Baf. Med. FL i. Ko. 28; Griff. Med. Bot. 614; Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 75 a. Rich open woods. Canada, ami most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. lief. Schocpf; Kaf. Med. Fl. i. Ill; Griff.Med. Bot.518; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 43; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoe. ii. 806; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1251. Med. Prop. Diuretic, tonic, and somewhat astringent. Drs. French, C. Hooker, and Biers, of Connecticut, used it with _ success in diseases of the urinary organs. Dr. Mease Btates that the infusion of the root in cider has cured several cases of dropsy. The root is the part generally employed, though the whole plant is active. The active principle is volatile; hence the recent plant is most efficient. The powdered root soon becomes inert. The infu- sion is said to be the best form of administration ; dose, not stated. 0. Scabra, L. Ell. Sk. i. 35 ; Pursh. C. prcecox, Walt. Southern States. 0. anisata, Sims. Ell. Sk. i. 37. Mountains of Southern States. These two plants much resemble the C. Canadensis, and there is some doubt whether they may not be only varieties of that species; they are supposed to have the same medical virtues. Hedeoma pulegioides, Tors. Gray's Man. 31S. Pennyroyal; Tiekweed. Pursh, Ell., Dark, Torr. Fl. X. Y. Cunila pulegioides, L., Michx., Big., Bart. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 41; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 46; Griff. Med. Bot. 508; Dung. Therap. i. 410. Dry and rather sterile soil. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — very frequent. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Schoepf ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 106; Chap. The- rap. i. 4S2; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 231; Griff. Med. Bot. 508; Lee, Cat 148 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Med. PI. N. Y. 44; Wood, U. S. Dis. 365; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 808; Dung. Therap. i. 418. Med. Prop. A stimulating diaphoretic, carminative, and some- what emmenagogue, especially in recent suppression. May be taken freely in warm or cold infusion without much regard to quantity. Cunila Mariana, ~L. Gray's Man. 318. Dittany ; Stonemint, £c. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab., 42 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 29 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 509; Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 76. Dry sterile hills. Canada, and throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Schoepf; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 171; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 136; Griff. Med. Bot. 509; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 44; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 807; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1254. Med. Prop. A warm and very pungent stimulating diaphoretic and carminative, more pungent or peppery than pennyroyal; is employed in infusion in colds, fevers, &c, in the same way as that article. The expressed juice, mixed with milk, is one of the nume- rous articles that have been recommended for the bites of venomous snakes. Monarda didyma, L. Gray's Man. 319. Oswego Tea, &c. Pursh, Torr. Fl. N. Y. M. coccinea, Michx. ; M. purpurea, Lam. ; M. Kalmiana, Pursh. Figured, Pursh, Fl. i. tab. 1; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 64. Wet grounds and borders of streams. Northern States. Michaux states that it grows on the high mountains of North Carolina. M. fistulosa, L. Gray's Man. 319. Wild Bergamot; Horse- mint. Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. M. rugosa, and oblon- gata, Ait., Pursh; M. clinopodia, L., Pursh, Ell.; M. allophylla, Michx., Big. Hills and open woods. Most parts of the United States. Vici- nity of New Albany — frequent. M. punctata, L. Gray's Man. 320. Horsemint. Pursh, Ell., Torr. Fl. N. Y. M. lutea, Michx. Figured, Am. Med. Record, ii. 496. REPORT ON MEPIC.W, BOTAVT. I4fl Bandy soil. Greater part of the United States. Not found in Ohio, Kentucky, or Indiana. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Kef. Chap. Therap. ii. 271 ; Atlee, Am. Med. B« cord. ii. 496; Raf. Med. PI. ii. 38; Eherle, Therap. ii. 267; Griff. Mod. Bot. 510; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N.Y. 43; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 806 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 462. Med. Prop. All the species of monarda possess, in a greater or less degree, similar medical properties, especially the three above named. The M. punctata is the most powerful, and yields, on dis- tillation, the largest proportion of a fragrant and very pungent essential oil. These plants may be used in infusion as diaphoretics and carminatives, in colds, flatulent colic, and to relieve nansea and vomiting ; in the same manner as the mints, and many other labiate plants. The ol. monard. punct. is a powerful rubefacient, which, applied to the skin, in a short time produces redness and vesication. Dr. Atlee employed it as an external application, with much advan- tage, in typhus fever, rheumatism, deafness, and cholera infantum. 01. monard. 3ss; tinct. camph. sii, with or without 5ii laud., was a favourite formula. Dose of the oil as a carminative or stimulant, two to three drops on sugar, or in sweetened water. Salvia lyrata^'h. Gray's Man. 320. Wild Sage; Caneer-Weed. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl. Woods and meadows. Middle, Southern, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Kef. Ell. Sk. i. 31; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 2G0 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 805. " The fresh radical leaves of this plant, when bruised and applied to warts, generally destroy them. It is necessary to continue the application a day or two, and to renew it every twelve hours." Ell. I. c. It is also one of the many plants erroneously supposed to cure cancers. JSTepeta Oataria,L. Gray's Man. 331. Catnip; Catmint. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Old fields and road-sides. A naturalized European plant ; fre- quently cultivated. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 245; Me'rat and De Lens, iv. 592; 150 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Lind. Fl. Med. 492; Griff. Med. Bot. 512; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 44; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 808; Wood, U. S. Dis. 190. Med. Prop. This plant is well known, and much employed in domestic practice. Stimulant, antispasmodic, and slightly anodyne. It is used in infusion in hysteria, amenorrhea, and in flatulent colic, especially of infants. Dr. Griffith thinks it deserves more attention from the profession than it has hitherto received. iV. Gflechoma, Benth. Gray's Man. 322. G-round-Ivy ; Grill over the ground. Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Glechoma hederacea, L., Pursh, Big. Waste places. Naturalized in the Northern, Middle, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 223 ; MeVat and De Lens, iii. 380; Lind. Fl. Med. 492 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1261. Slightly stimulating, diaphoretic, and supposed to be febrifuge. In some places, ground-ivy tea is a popular drink in fevers and affections of the lungs. Pyenanthemum incanum, Michx. Gray's Man. 323. Mountain Mint; Wild Basil. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Clinopodium incanum, L. Dry fields, hills, &c. Most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 254 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 43; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 25. Properties analogous to those of the mints, monarda and hedeo- ma, and may be employed for the same purposes. Dr. Torrey ob- serves that the taste is intermediate to that of pennyroyal and spearmint. Scutellaria integrifolia, L. Gray's Man. 327. Entire-leaved Skullcap. Michx., Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. S. hyssopifolia, L., Bart. ; S. Caroliniana, Lam., Pursh, Ell. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 2; Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 78. Open woods, &c. New York and Pennsylvania to South Caro- lina. Med. Ref. Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 44; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 808 ; Wood, U." S. Dis. App. 1302. report 09 HIB10AI BOftAYYi 161 Med. Prop. " Intensely bitter, Mid might probably bo I I useful B8 B tonic." U. S. Dis. /. c. S. laterqfolia, h. Gray's Man. 828. Mad Dog & . Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Ton-. PI. N. ST. Figured, Bart. PL N. A. i. tab. 21 : Raf. Med. PL ii. No. 84. Wet grounds. Greater part of the United States. Vicin New Albany — not frequent. Med. Ilef. Thach. Dig. 836; Baf. Med. PI. ii. si ■ Griff. Med. Bot. 515; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 44; Porcher, Irene. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 808; Wood, U. S. Dis. A pp. 1 Med. Prop. The skullcap had at one time much reputation as a preventive of hydrophobia, but at present few, if any, phyMcians have any confidence in its prophylactic powers. Mr. Youatt, the distinguished vctcrirrary surgeon, had some faith in it for a while; but in his able treatise on canine rabies, it is not even mentioned. Leonurus Cardiaca, L. Gray's Man. 330. Motherwort, Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Road-sides and waste places. Naturalized throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. "256; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 230; Mere! and Dc Lens, iv. 88; Lind. Fl. Med. 493; Griff. Med. Bot. 515; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 44; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 809; Bracket, West. Lancet; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio. 25. Med. Prop. Formerly much employed in nervous and hysterical complaints, but is now seldom used iu regular practice. Thacher states that an infusion of the plant, taken at bedtime, composes and procures sleep in a manner similar to valerian, when it could not be obtained by the operation of opium. Marrubium vul •. . in his own case, with great success, and he was enabled by its use to pass calculous granules with facility. Bart. Coll. ii. 49. Dr. <•. M. Mac- lean informs me that he has found it one of the most efficient diu- retics. In a communication to the N. Y. Journ. Med., he states: " When I have used it as a cathartic, it has failed entirely. It has also been mentioned as being by possibility somewhat diuretic. When given freely in infusion, I have found it to produce more de- cided diuretic action than any other single article which I have ever used. It is much used in many parts of New Jersey as a do- mestic remedy for this purpose." N. Y. Journ. Med. I. c. C. macrorldzus. Ell. Sk. i. 252. Ipomea macrorhiza, Miehx.; Ipomca Jalapa, Pursh. Sandy soil, near the sea-coast. Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Med. Ref. Ell. Sk. i. 253 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 784. Pursh supposed this to be the plant from which the officinal Jalap was procured. Purgative properties have been erroneously ascribed to it ; but Dr. Baldwin gave six drachms of the pulverized root without producing any cathartic effect. Ell. I. c. C. nil, L., Michx. Ipomca nil, Ell. Sk. i. 250: Pursh. Blur Morning Glory. Sandy soil. Naturalized in some of the Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Ref. Mdrat and De Lens, ii. 400; Lind. Fl. Med. 398; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 783. The seeds are sold in the apothecaries' shops of Calcutta as a purgative, and said to be an effectual and quick cathartic. Lind. /. & The roots are used as a purgative. M. and De L. Order 69. Solanaoese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syafc. 293, and Veg. King. 618; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 453. 156 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Nicotiana rustica, L. Gray's Man. 353. Wild Tobacco. Nutt., Bart., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 25. Naturalized in some places. Med. Ref. Per. Mat. Med. ii. 313 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 495 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 46 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 698. Med. Prop. Possesses the same properties as the common to- bacco, but milder, and may be used for the same purposes. Datura Stramonium, L. Gray's Man. 353. Jamestown, or Jimson- Weed; Stramonium ; Thorn-Apple; Apple of Peru. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 1 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 31 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 490 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 67, &c. Waste places, &c. Throughout most parts of the world. " Said to be of Abyssinian origin." Torrey. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed., Dub. Med. Ref. Nearly all works on the materia medica. Med. Prop. Stramonium is a powerful anodyne, resembling belladonna in its action on the system. Every part of the plant is active, but the seeds are the most powerful. Excellent descriptions of its properties and uses will be found in the U. S. Dis., Per. Mat. Med., Griff. Med. Bot., &c. Hyoscyamus niger, L. Gray's Man. 353. Henbane. Pursh, Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 17 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 52 ; Royle, Mat. Med. 501 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 484 ; Carson, Illust. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 68 ; Dung. Therap. i. 362. Road-sides. Sparingly naturalized. Canada and Northern States. Hyoscyamus has been employed in medicine from the earliest times, and amply treated of in most works on therapeutics and materia medica. Physalis vinosa, L. Gray's Man. 354. Cfround Cherry. Aikin, Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. obscura, Michx., Pursh ; P. Pennsyl- vania, L. ; P. pubescens, Pursh, Ell. Fields and road-sides. Most parts of the United States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — not rare. A variable plant. Med. Prop. "Berries diuretic and sedative." Raf. Med. Fl. ii. IiKrocT ox IfBDlOAL BOTAMT. 2.r>1. *' The "berries are aid by Clayton to be i blydinreti Wood, II. S. his. App. 1296. Sol unum Dulcamara, \i. Gtaiy't M;in. 855. I>n/. ■<,,.■ tersweet; Woody Nighfx/indr. Purah, Big., I'm]., T 01 P. I'l. N. V. figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi I8j ELaf, Med. H. II N , Griff. Med. Bot. 481. Moist banks, &c. A European plant, naturalized in the Nort Middle, and Western States. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed., Dub. Med. Kef. Cullcn, Mat. Med. ii. 820J Thafch. Dis. Wlj Big. Med. Bot. i. 1G0 ; Gardner, Am. Journ. Med. Bci. vii. 236; Chap. Therap. ii. 224; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 86 ; Merat and De Lena, vi. 41"; Ebcrlc, Mat. Med. ii. 02; Am. Journ. Pharm. viii. 15; Lind. Med. 511; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 322; Royle, Do. 4!'!: Griff. Ml. Bot. 480; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 4U ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 304; Dung. Therap. ii. 342. Med. Prop. Alterative, slightly narcotic, and somewhat diuretic and diaphoretic. Now mostly used in diseases of the skin, espe- cially those of a scaly character, such as lepra, psoriasis, &c. There is some difference of opinion in regard to its medicinal efficacy, which may be ascribed to the quantity of the article employed. The decoction of one ounce of the bruised stems, boiled in one and a half pint of water down to one pint, is the officinal prepara- tion, of which two ounces may be taken four times a day. 8. nigrum, L. Gray's Man. 35$. Common Nightshade ; B Nightshade. Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Old fields and waste places. Most parts of the world. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Chap. Therap. ii. 223; MeYat and Da Lew, vi. 417 : Eberle, Mat. Mod. ii. 80; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 326$ Lind. Fl. Med. 511; Griff. Med. Bot. 482; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 4ti; Poreher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 810: Wood, U. S. Dis. 804. Med. Prop. The properties of the common nightshade are said to be similar to those of the dulcamara, but more active. Has been employed in cutaneous diseases, foul ulcers, &Ct Dr. El erle gave two grains of the dried leaves, in the form of a pill, night and morn- ing, and increased the dose till it induced some degree of nausea, vertigo, tremors, and debility, or pain in the stomach. Not much used; but Dr. Eberle thought it was too much neglected. 12 158 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. S. Carolinense, L. Gray's Man. 355. Horse- Nettle. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. tab. 23. Sandy places, &c. Most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — very frequent. M. Louis Valentin employed the juice of the berries with success in two cases of idiopathic tetanus. He commenced with the juice of five or six berries a day, which was increased during the treatment. Merat and De Lens, vi. 410. From the Journ. Ge*n. de Me*d. xl. 13. S. mammosum, L. Ell. Sk. i. 281; Pursh. Sea-coast of Virginia and Georgia, Pursh; also in the West Indies. Med. Ref. Merat and De Lens, vi. 416 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 483 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 818. Med. Prop. The fruit is poisonous, and contains malate of sola- nin. The extract, in small doses, has been used in cardialgia and dartrous affections of the skin. The statement that the root is bit- ter, and is a good diuretic, belongs to the S. manosum, a West In- dian plant ; an error in Lind. Nat. Syst. and Med. Fl. See Ainslie, Mat. Ind. ii. 91 (note). S. Virginianum, L. Ell. Sk. i. 281 ; Pursh. Sandy soil. From Virginia to Carolina, Pursh. Dr. Porcher thinks it resembles, in its properties, the S. nigrum. Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 818. Order 70. G-entianacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 296, and Veg. King. 612; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 454. Sabbatia angularis, Pursh. Gray's Man. 357. American Cen- taury. Pursh, Ell., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Chironia angularis, L., Walt., Michx. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 57; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 24 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 82 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 458; Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 83. Prairies and meadows. Canada and the greater part of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. ii. 15; Thach. Dis. 180; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 147; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. 225; Chap. Therap. ii. 425; ftBPOBI on MBDIOAL BOTAHY. ]■'.'■' Raf. lied. Fl. ii. 76; Am. Joarn. Pharm. ii. 218; Bberle, Mat. Med. i. 807 ; Griff. Med. Bot, 158; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 17; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 824; Wood, U. 611. Med. Prop. A pure, pleasant bitter, with little tring- ency; agreeing well with the stomach, and, according to Dr. E decidedly more valuable than the European Centaury. It U <»ne of the best of our indigenous bitters, and may be given in the '1 two ounces of tho infusion made with an ounce of the b< rb to ■ pint of boiling water. Dose of the powdered herb, thirty grains to one drachm. Erythrwa Centaurium, Pers. Gray's Man. 357. European Centaury; Lesser Centaury. Hook., Torr. PI. N. Y. Gentiana Centaurium, L. ; Chironia Centaurium, Willd. Naturalized in some parts of New York. Med. Ref. Griff. Med. Pot. 450; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. K. Y. 47: Wood, U. S. Dis. 197; and many foreign works. Med. Prop. Similar to those of the American Centaury, and may be used for the same purposes. Gentiana quinqueflora, Lam. Gray's Man. 359. Five-Jlowered Gentian. Ell., Torr. Fl. N. Yr. G. quinquefolia, L. ; G. amaril- loides, Michx., Pursh. Dry woods, prairies, and barrens. Northern and Western, and mountains of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. i. 269; Griff. Med. Pot. 461; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 4(5; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 826j J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 26. G. crinita, Froel. Gray's Man. 359. Fringed Gentian. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 80. Low grounds and woods. Canada and most parts o'l the United States. Med. Ref. Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 46; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 26. G. Saponaria, L. Gray's Man. 360. Soap wort Gentian: Blue Gentian. G. Catesbei, Walt. var. Froeliekii; G. linearis. Froel.; G. rubricaulis, Schwein. var. puberula ; G. puberula, Miehx. 160 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Figured (as G. Catesbei), Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 84; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 41; Griff. Med. Bot. 461; Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 81. Dr. Torrey, however, doubts whether the plant that he has figured is distinct from the G. pneumonanthe. Canada and most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — broad-leaved form, rare ; var. linearis, the G. rubricaulis, on the barrens. Officinal, U. S. Secondary (as G. Catesbei). Med. Ref. (As G. Catesbei) Ell. Sk. i. 340 ; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 137, and Seq. 195 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 206; Griff. Med. Bot. 461; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 46 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 823; Wood, U. S. Dis. 348. Gf. ocJirohuca, Frcel. Gray's Man. 360. Sampsons Snakeroot. Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. G. saponaria, Michx., not of Linn. Dry grounds. Pennsylvania and Southern States. The G. alba, Muhl., Gray, a northern and western plant, has been mistaken for it. See Gray's Man. I. c. Med. Ref. Ell. Sk. i. 340; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 803. Med. Prop. The four preceding species of Gentian are pure sim- ple bitters, similar to Gentiana lutea of the shops, though perhaps not quite so strong. The last two, known in the South by the name of Sampson's Snakeroot, are popular tonics, and, according to Elliott, sudorific. Frasera Carolinensis, Walt. Gray's Man. 362. American Co- lumbo. Hook., Torr. Fl. N. Y. F. Walteri, Michx., Pursh, Ell.; F. verticillata, Muhl. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 35; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 39; Griff. Med. Bot. 463. Woods and barrens. Western New York, Western and Southern . States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. ii. 16; Dr. D. Drake, Notices concerning Cincinnati, 1809, and Picture of Cincinnati, 1815, 85 and 86 (note) ; Dr. S. P. Hildreth, 1812 ; Thach. Dis. 221 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 103; Big. Seq. 190; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 196; Douglas, Am. Journ. Pharm. vi. 177; Griff. Med. Bot. 462; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 46; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 824; Wood, U. S. Dis. 336. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 161 Med. Prop. The root of this plant was supposed to possess pro- perties identical with those of the East Indian Columbo. Dr. Drake, however, more than forty years ago, proved by the results of his experiments this opinion to be erroneous. The dried root is a mild bitter tonic. Dose of the powdered root, thirty grains to one drachm ; of the infusion made with one ounce of the bruised root to one pint of boiling water, two ounces. The recent root is said to be emetic and cathartic, and is sometimes used as a substitute for rhubarb. Menyanthes trifoliata, L. Gray's Man. 363. Buck Bean; Marsh; Trefoil. Michx., Pursh, Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 24 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 33 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 464. Bogs, &c. Europe, Canada, and Northern States. Officinal, Lond., Ed., Dub. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. iii. 55, and Seq. 258 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 33 ; Mdrat and De Lens, iv. 330 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 523 ; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 343 ; Royle, Do. 448 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 464 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 47 ; Wood, IT. S. Dis. 459. Med. Prop. According to Dr. Bigelow, the root of this plant is entitled to a high place in the list of tonics. It has been long used in Europe, though not so much now as formerly. Large doses pro- duce vomiting, purging, and sometimes sweating. In the dose of ten grains, it strengthens the stomach, and assists digestion. The tincture or infusion may be employed for the same purpose. Order 71. Apocynacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 299, and Veg. King. 599 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 455. Apocynum androsaemifolium, L. Gray's Man. 364. Dogbane; American Ipecac; Bitter-Boot. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 36; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 7; Griff. Med. Bot. 449. Canada, and most parts of the United States. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. ii. 148, and Seq. 79; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 49, and ii. 193; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 99; Zollickoffer, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xii. 378; Griff. Med. Bot. 449; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 47; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 827; Wood, U. S. Dis. 108; Dung. Therap. i. 138. 162 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Mecl. Prop. Thirty to forty grains of the powder of the recently dried root is said to vomit -with little previous nausea. The same quantity, mixed with one grain of opium, acts as a tonic diaphoretic and alterative in doses of from ten to twenty grains. According to Dr. Bigelow, its activity is much diminished, and frequently de- stroyed, by age. A. cannabinum, L. Gray's Man. 365. Indian Hemp. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. pubescens, R. Br., A. hypericifolium, Ait. and Auth. Figured, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xii. 56; Per. Mat. Med. ii. 365; Griff. Med. Bot. 450 ; Dung. Therap. i. 209. Fields and river banks. Canada, and greater part of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Dr. Knapp, Am. Med. Record, iii. 197 (1826) ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 193 ; J. H. Griscom, of N. Y., Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xii. 55 (1833) ; Carson, Per. Mat. Med. ii. 365 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 450; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 47; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 826; Wood, U. S. Dis. 108; Dung. Therap. i. 209. Med. Prop. The decoction of the root is emetic, cathartic, dia- phoretic, and finally diuretic. It has much reputation as a remedy for dropsy. Many cases are related by Dr. Griscom and others in which it was employed with entire success. The best form of administration is the decoction made with half an ounce of the bruised root to a pint of boiling water, of which one or two ounces may be given several times a day ; fifteen to thirty grains of the root in powder vomits and purges. Three or four grains of the watery extract generally acts on the bowels. Like the dog's-bane, it probably becomes inert by long keeping. Forsterania difformis, De C. Echites difformis, Ell. Sk. i. 312. Walt., Pursh. E. puberula, Michx. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 10. Damp rich soil. Southern States. " Used as a wash with milk to destroy freckles. The juice is said to be sufficiently caustic to destroy warts and scirrhous excre- scences." Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 826. Order 72. Asclepiadacese, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 302, and Veg. King. 623; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 455. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 103 Asclepias Cornuti, Decaisnc. Gray's Man. 860; Common XII L- weed or Milkweed. Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. Syriaca, L., Michx., Pursh, Big., Darl. Fields and road-sides. Canada, Northern, Middle, and "Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Rcf. Thach. Dis. 156; Chap. Therap. i. 351; Big. Seq. 89 ; Coxe, Am. Dis. 123 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 76 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 455; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y.; Wood, U. S. Dis. 127. Med. Prop. Anodyne and expectorant. Dr. Richardson, of Massachusetts, gave one drachm of the powdered bark of the root in divided doses daily, and also the infusion in asthma, and catar- rhal affections of the lungs in typhus fever, with much advantage. Thach. I. e. Said to resemble A. tuberosa in its action on the system, but weaker. A. incarnata, L. Gray's Man. 368. Flesh-colored or Swamp Silhweed. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. pulchra, Ehr., Willd., Big. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PL 198, fig. 3243. Wet grounds. Canada, and all parts of the United States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Big. Seq. 89; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 76 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 455; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 47; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 829; Wood, U. S. Dis. 126. Med. Prop. Alterative, expectorant, diaphoretic, and in large doses laxative. Dose of the powdered root, thirty grains to one drachm ; but the decoction is probably the best form. Dr. Tully employed it with much success in asthma, catarrh, rheumatism, and secondary syphilis. Its action is said to be analogous to that of A. Cornuti and tuberosa. A. tuberosa, L. Gray's Man. 369. Pleurisy-root ; Butterfly- Weed ; Windweed ; Windroot. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. decumbens, L. and Auth. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 26 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. tab. 22 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 13 ; Griff. Med. Bot, 454. Gravelly or sandy soil. Most parts of the United States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — frequent on the barrens. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. 164 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Med. Ref. Schcepf; Bart. Coll. i. 20 and 55, ii. 41; Thach. Bis. 154; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 59, and Seq. 90; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. 239; Chap. Therap. i. 350; Burgon, Am. Med. Record, iii. 334; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 74; Eberle, Mat. Med. ii. 219; Griff. Med. Bot. 454; Lockwood, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xv. N. S. 374 (from the Buff. Med. Journ. April, 1848); Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 47 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 828; Wood, U. S. Dis. 127. Med. Prop. Diaphoretic, expectorant, and alterative. Has been much employed in some places in colds, bronchitis, and in the secondary stages of pleurisy and pneumonia. According to Dr. Eberle, it acts as a diaphoretic and expectorant without the least heating of the system, or materially exciting the action of the heart and arteries. It has been given in flatulent and debilitated states of the stomach as a tonic; hence one of its popular names, Wind- root. I have known it to be employed in obstinate cutaneous erup- tions with decided benefit. Dose of the powdered root from twenty to forty grains; of the decoction, made with half an ounce to a pint of water, a teacupful several times a day. Cfonololus macrojrfiyllus, Michx. Gray's Man. 371. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl. Cynanchum macrophyllum (?), Muhl. Shady banks. Pennsylvania. Westward and southward. Vi- cinity of New Albany — very rare. Mecl. Ref. Ell. Sk. i. 328; MeVat and De Lens, iii. 409; Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 828. Med. Prop. The root acts on the bowels in a manner similar to colocynth. Ell. I. c. Reputed to furnish the juice with which the Indians poison their arrows. Me*rat and De Lens, from the Ann. du Mus. xvi. 464. Order 73. Oleacese, Hoffmansegge. Lind. Nat. Syst. 307, and Veg. King. 616; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 457. Ligustrum vulgare, L. Gray's Man. 372. Privet or Prim. Michx., Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A European shrub, naturalized in the Northern and Middle States, and, according to Dr. Beck, west to Missouri. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 238; Mfrat and De Lens, iv. 114; Patex, Am. Journ. Pharm. xii. 347 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 442 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 48 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 1280. KKPORT ON KBDIOA& BOfAVTi Mei>-rrig. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 44: Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 21; Griff. Med. Bot. 538; Dung. Therap. i. 216. 168 EEPOET ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Sandy soil. New England to South Carolina, and west to Illi- nois. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Ref. Schcepf; Bart. Coll. i. 39, 63; Thach. Dis. 179; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. *183 ; Big. Seq. 125 ; Chap. Therap. ii. 23; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 103; Eberle, Mat. Med. i. 218; Carson, Per. Mat. Med. ii. 274 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 537 ; Griff. Am. Journ. Pharm. v. 177 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 48 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 769 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 205. Med. Prop. The Wormseed is a well-known and efficient vermi- fuge. The expressed juice or the powdered seeds were formerly given. But the expressed oil is now generally preferred, and may be given in the dose of three to ten drops to children from one to three years old, mixed with sugar or castor-oil, two or three times a day, followed by a purgative if necessary. A. ambrosioides, Spach. Gray's Man. 379. Mexican Tea. Torr. Fl. N. Y. Chenopodium ambrosioides, L., Pursh, Ell., Darl. Road-sides, &c. Common to Mexico and the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 208 ; Mdrat and De Lens, ii. 223 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 349; Griff. Med. Bot. 539; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 48; Newton, N. Y. Journ. Med. i. N. S. 304 (Nov. 1848); Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 270 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 206. Med. Prop. Resembles the A. anthelminticum in its botanical characters and medical virtues, and is frequently mistaken for it. Has been used in Europe in nervous affections, especially chorea. Plenck cured several cases of chorea that resisted other means, by giving a teacupful of the infusion, night and morning, made with two drachms of the herb to ten ounces of water, combined with pepper- mint. It is much used in Mexico. The infusion powerfully excites the skin, kidneys, and uterus. It is also a carminative and sto- machic, and has been employed in chronic catarrhs. Dr. Newton, U. S. Army, N. Y. Journ. Med. I c. Atriplex patula, L. (?) Gray's Man. 381. Spreading Orache. Ell., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. laciniata, Pursh. Salt marshes and sandy sea-shore. Europe and sea-coast of the United States, apparently native. Torrey. " The expressed juice, grains four to eight, said to act as a power- ful purgative. According to Schcepf, it is used as a substitute for R i;i'.,|'T o\ H i; DICA L B01 I "V. gatnBoge in dropsy and asthma." Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. A ii. 709. Not known to I"- Died. Order 76. AmarantJiaccw, Jufls. Lind. Nat. Syst. -"7. and Vcg. King. .510; Gray's Bot. Text-B6c£, 462. Achjranthes repens, Ell. Ell. Sk. i. 309. Fort// Knot. Illice- brum polygonoidcs, Will*!., Michx., Pdrsh. Dry soil along fences, &c. Maritime districts of Carolina and Georgia, Ell. Med. Ref. Ell. Sk. i. 310 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 768. According to Elliott, a decoction of the whole plant is given ad libitum with success as a diuretic in ischuria and dysuria. Dr. Por- cher states that a wineglassful of the decoction may be given three times a day; and that it has been employed with decided success in several cases of dropsy. Order 77. Phytolaccaceoe, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 210, and Vcg. King. 508 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 460. Phytolacca decandra, L. Gray's Man. 385. Poke; Garget; Pigeon Berry. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. X. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 3 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 48 ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 94 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 535. Throughout the United States, and naturalized in the south of Europe. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Officinal, U. S. Tharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Schoepf; Bart. Coll. ii. 27; Big, Med. Bot. i. 39, and Seq. 382; Bart. Veg. Mat. Mod. ii. 213; Coxej Dis. I Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 251; Merat and Do Lens, v. 296; land. Fl. Med. 351; Donnelly, Am. Journ. Pharm. xv. 165; Griff. Med. Bot. 535; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 49; Porcher, Trans. Am. Mod. Assoc, ii. 770; Wood, U. S. Dis. 537; Hung. Therap. i. 189. Med. Prop. Emetic and cathartic ; generally slow and protracted in its operation, and often attended with nervous symptoms, such vertigo and temporary dimness of sight. In smaller doses, it is alterative, and has been used with advantage in rheumatism, cuta- neous diseases, and secondary syphilis. A decoction or ointment of the root has been used externally with success as a remedy for the itch. 170 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Dose of the root in powder, as an emetic, ten to thirty grains; as an alterative, two to four grains. Dose of the saturated tincture of the berries (in rheumatism), one drachm three times a day. Order 78. Polygonaceae, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 211, and Veg. King. 502 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 462. Polygonum Persicaria, L. Gray's Man. 388. Lady's Thumb ; Heart' s-ease. Michx., Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 76, fig. 2. An introduced plant. Northern, Middle, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 66 ; Merat and De Lens, v. 434 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 546 ; Wood, IT. S. Dis. 558. Med. Prop. Formerly considered astringent, styptic, febrifuge, &c, and used in many complaints ; but is not now employed. Rafinesque and Griffith erroneously ascribe to it acrid properties, similar to those of the P. Hydropiper ; it is, however, entirely de- void of acrimony, and probably inert as a medicine. P. Hydropiper, L. Gray's Man. 357. Water Pepper; Smart- weed, $-c. Michx., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. hydropiperoides, Pursh; P. punctatum, Ell., Darl. Figured, Loud. Encyc. PI. 326. Wet places. Common to Europe and North America. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 66; Merat and De Lens, v. 433; Eberle, Mat. Med. 441 ; Eberle, West. Med. Gaz. i. 349 ; Lind. Fl. Med. 361; Ogier, South. Journ. Med. and Pharm. 1846 (vide Por- cher) ; Griff. Med. Bot. 547 ; Wilcox, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. N. S. xvi. 24 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 49 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 773 ; Williams, Do. 891 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 558 ; Mitch. Therap. 615. Med. Prop. The leaves have an acrid burning taste, and applied to the skin excite inflammation. Dr. Eberle gave one drachm doses of the saturated tincture three times a day, in amenorrhoea, with more success than any other remedy. He also employed the ex- tract for the same purpose in four to six grain doses. According to Dr. Williams, a vinous infusion is much used in gravel. I have known a strong infusion to be given with relief in flatulent colic. Dr. Wilcox employed a decoction, made by boiling an ounce of the B BFOJtl 02) M BDICi L B0TA1 - • 171 dried leaves and tops twenty minntee in a pin' of water, with marked success in mercurial salivation and in tin: lore mouth of qui women : used at a wash every hoar through the day. /'. iiiii/i/i//>iinn, L. Gray'fi Man. 888. Water J' . Michx., Pursh, Book., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. coccincum, Willd., Pnrsh, Big.*; P. fluitans, Eat. Ponds, marshes, and low wet places. Common to Europe, Canada, Northern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany. Med. Kef. Merat and De Lens, v. 480 j Lind. Fl. Med. 862; Griff". Med. Bot. 547. Med. Prop. The roots have been used in some parts of France as a substitute for sarsaparilla, particularly in diseases of the skin; and some of the druggists even prefer them to that article. P. avicida?-e, L. Gray's Man. 388. Knot-Grass; Door-W- •ock. R. Britannica, Pursh, (?) Big., &0. (not of Linn.); R. aquations, Smith, Pursh, Thach. Dis., Wood, U. S. Dis. (?), 605. 172 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Marshes and wet places. Europe, Canada, and the United States. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. (under R. Britannica ?). Secondary. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. (under R. aquaticus), 326 ; Big. Seq. (R. Britannica, not of L.), 320; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 229 ; MeVat and De Lens, vi. (as R. aquaticus), 135 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. (as R. Britan- nica (?) and R. aquaticus), 606. Med. Prop. "A moderately stimulating and astringent plant. It is esteemed by many country practitioners as a local application to indolent and ill-conditioned ulcers. A strong decoction of the root is usually employed as a wash in these cases. Sometimes formed by simmering the root in hog's lard, is beneficially applied in herpes." Big. Seq. I. c. Thacher states that a strong decoction of the leaves is laxative, and is useful in rheumatic pains, and in chronic diseases, caused by costiveness or visceral obstruction. R. obtusifolius, L. Gray's Man. 392. Broad-leaved Dock; Bitter Bock. Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Meadow and cultivated grounds. Throughout Europe, and natu- ralized in the Northern, Middle, and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — very common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. For Med. Ref. &c, see next species. R. crispus, L. Gray's Man. 392. Curled Bock ; Sour Bock; Yellow Bock. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Fields, meadows, and waste places. Common in Europe, and naturalized in most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New > Albany — not so frequent as the R. obtusifolius. Med. Ref. Thach. Dis. 327 ; Big. Seq. 321 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 259; Mdrat and De Lens, vi. 135 (obtusif.); Lind. Fl. Med. 359; Griff. Med. Bot. 545; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 49; N. S. Davis, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, i. 345; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. ii. "72; Wood, U. S. Dis. 606-7. Med. Prop. The R. obtusifolius and crispus are said to have identical medical virtues, and are used indiscriminately. The roots are laxative, alterative, and depurative. In the form of decoction, poultice, or ointment, have long been employed as external remedies in foul ulcers, the itch, and other skin diseases. Dr. N. S. Davis states that "it is one of our most valuable indi- genous remedies, being fully equal to the far-famed sarsaparilla as i: 1P0&1 OK M ID10 I I- BO I 178 an alterative, and <>n acconnl of i t s laxative qpialitii : : in most cases a decided advantage over the last-named rei I the Bellevue Hospital, New York, it is need in many of the venen scrofulous, and cutaneous < 1 i .- • • . • • ~ , in conjnnctioD with the prepara- tions of iodine and mercury. Dr. N. 3. Davie, Rep. /. e, A peculiar principle called rvmicin, which ie -aid t<> resemble the active principle of rhubarb, sulphur, &c, have been obtain* the root of the R. obtusifolius. The best form, according to Dr. Davis, is the decoction made with two ounces of the fresh or one of the dried root to one pint of boil- ing water. Dose, one or two fluidounces, three or four times a day. Ii. sanguineus, L. Gray's Man. 303. Bloody-Veined Dock. Pursh, Ell. "Waste and cultivated grounds. Sparingly introduced. Dr. G Linnocus supposed it to have been carried to Europe from Virginia. Med. Reft Me'rat and De Lens, vi. 137 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 545 ; Porchcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 773 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 600. Med. Prop. The root is said to be an astringent, useful in he- morrhage, dysentery, &c. May be used for the same purposes those species that are officinal. U. S. Dis. I. c. R. Acetosella, L. Gray's Man. 393. Sheep Sorrel; Fit hi Sorrel. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Dry sterile fields. Greater part of the United States. Intro- duced? Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 259; Griff. Med. Bot. 546; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 49; Foreher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 77": Wood, U. S. Dis. 605. Med. Prop. Refrigerant, slightly diuretic, and antiscorbutic. The acid properties are owing to the binoxalate of potash contained in the leaves. A decoction of the plant is much used in France as a depurativc. Griff. Order 79. Lauracese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst, -200. and Veg. King. 535; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 463. Sassafras officinale, Noes. Gray's Man. 394, Sassafras. Torr. Fl. N. Y. Laurus Sassafras, L., Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big.. Darl. Figured, Michx. f. Svlv. ii. tab. 81 ; Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 35. 13 174 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Woods. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed., Dub. The bark of the root and the oil of sassafras have been more or less employed in medicine ever since the discovery of America. Good descriptions of their medical properties are given in most works on materia medica. Dr. Field found the use of sassafras tea to suspend the secretion of milk in a nursing woman. West. Journ. Med. and Surg. x. 332. Benzoin odoriferum, Nees. Gray's Man. 394. Spicewood ; Wild Allspice; Fever-Bush. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl. L. Pseudo- Benzoin, Michx. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 33. Low and moist ground. Most parts of the United States. "Vi- cinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. [i. 20, ii. 52; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 91; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 236;' Griff. Med. Bot. 553; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 50 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 765 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1233. Med. Prop. The twigs are aromatic, somewhat tonic and diapho- retic. The infusion is a popular drink in fevers, colds, &c. Order 80. Thymellacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 194, and Veg. King. 789; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 464. Dirca palustris, L. Gray's Man. 395. Leatherwood ; Moose- wood. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 37 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 33 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 562. Damp rich soil. Canada and most parts of the United States. Is found from twenty-five to thirty miles north of New Albany. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 23 and 32; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 155; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 158; Griff. Med. Bot. 562; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 50; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 764; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1256. Med. Prop. The fruit is a narcotic poison. The fresh root, ap- plied to the skin, vesicates. The recent bark, in the dose of six or eight grains, produces a sensation of heat in the stomach and fauces, and finally excites vomiting, and sometimes purging. In its medi- cinal properties, as well as botanical affinities, it is analogous to BBP0B1 OB IIBBIOA1 V. 17.". mefcereum. Dr. Bi ' i thinks that, in small d< substituted for senega. It is, however, seldom employed. Order 81. Loranthacese, Jose. Lind. .N u . i V g. King. 789; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, lo;. V/soiin Jfavcsccris, ]'ursli. < Jray'B Man. 899. Yellow Pursh, Darl. Y. album, Walt., Muhl., not Of Will-!.; V. v. rticflla- tum, L., Nutt., Ell. Parasitic on trees. Middle, Southern, and Western States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. lief. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 275; Porcher, Tnu M< !. Assoc, ii. 710; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 28. Med. Prop. The bark is said to be astringent. The fo leaves of the V. album, the English mistletoe, whose proper supposed to be identical with this species, had formerly sonic repu- tation as a remedy for epilepsy and some other diseases, but are now entirely neglected. Order 82. Ulmacex, Mirbel. Lind. Nat. Syst. 178, and Ycg. King. 580; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 4GG. Ulmus fulva, Michx. Gray's Man. 400. Slippery Elm : Red Elm. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. X. Y. U. rubra. Michx. f. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 128. Dry rocky woods, &C. Canada, Northern and Western S and highlands of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. lief. Thach. Dis. 358; Big. Seq. 880; Chap. Therap* i. 504; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 271; Bberle, Mat. Mod. ii. 452; Griff. Med. Bot. 563; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 50; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 75S; Wood, U. S. Dis. 726. Med. Prop. Demulcent and emollient. Useful in all cas which such medicines are required. The officinal infusion is best form, which may be used ad libitum as a demulcent in dyfi tery, and in catarrhal and nephritic complaints. A poultice of the ground bark is an excellent emollient for inflamed surfaces. Oeltis occhlcntalis, L. Gray's Man. 400. Hackberry; Svxjar- 176 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Berry; Nettle- Tr ee ; Beaver-Wood. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 114. Woods in rich soil. Greater part of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 206 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 563 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 50 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 759; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 28. Med. Prop. According to Rafinesque, the bark is anodyne and cooling. The berries subastringent — useful in dysentery. Little, if at all, employed in regular practice. Order 83. Saururacese, Rich. Lind. Nat. Syst. 185, andVeg. King. 521 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 467. Saururus cernuus, L. Gray's Man. 401. Lizard's Tail; Breast- weed. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 97. Swamps and wet places. Throughout the United States. Vici- nity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Ell. Sk. i. 433 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 261 ; Darl. Fl. Cest. 237 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 762 ; J. M. Big. List Med. 'PI. of Ohio, 28. Med. Prop. According to Elliott, the bruised fresh root, applied to inflamed surfaces, is an emollient and discutient. Dr. Darlington states that it is a popular remedy for inflamed breasts. Order 84. Callitrichacese, Link. Lind. Nat. Syst. 191, and Veg. King. 284; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 468. Callitriche verna, L. Gray's Man. 402. Water ChicJcweed ; Water Starwort. Michx., Nutt., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. C. aqua- tica, Smith, Big. C. intermedia, Willd., Muhl. C. heterophylla, Pursh, Ell. Ponds and stagnant streams. Most parts of the United States. Med. Prop. " It is considered by the planters a valuable diuretic remedy in dropsy. The tincture of the whole plant, in spirits, is employed. A decoction is given to horses when diuresis is re- quired." Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 763. C11P0R1 OH HIDIOAL J 77 Ordeh 85. Euphorbiaet Lind. X . i r . Syst. 112, and Veg. King. 274 ; Gray'i Bot. Text-Book, I Euphorbia ffelioscopia, L. Gray'i Man. 105. 6^f <>;tk in the United States, all of which arc probably more or less astring and tonic. Two species only are officinal — Q. alba, White Oak, and the Q. tinctoria, Black Oak. The Decoctnm Quercus, of th< U. 3. Pharm., is directed to be made of the former. !)<>>■•, a wine-glassful. It is, however, more frequently employed as an external application, and may be used in nearly all cases in which astringents are re- quired. The decoction of the bark of the black oak is not often used in- ternally on account of its tendency to gripe and even purge ; bir it contains more tannin and gallic acid than that of the white oak, it is considered preferable as an external application, especially to foul and gangrenous ulcers. Castanea pujnila, Michx. Gray's Man. 417. Chinquapin. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 105. Officinal, IT. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Prop. " The bark is astringent and tonic, and has been employed in the cure of intermittent^ ; but has no peculiar virtues to recommend it, and might well be spared from the secondary cata- logue of the Pharmacopoeia." Wood, U. S. Dis. 188. Corylus rostrata, Ait. Gray's Man. 418. Beaked Hazel-Nut. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Mountains. Canada to Carolina, Pursh. Dr. Henbener, of Bethlehem, employed the hairs of the involucre as a substitute for those of Mueuna, and found them to be equally anthelmintic. Am. Journ. Pharm.: Griff. Med. Bot. 585. Order 88. Myricactm, L., C. Rich. Lind. Nat. Syst. 170. and Yeg. King. 256 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 472. Myriea Gale, L. Gray's Man, 420. Sweet Oak; Dutch Myrtle, Michx., Pursh, Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. 184 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Boggy grounds and borders of mountain ponds. Canada and Northern States, also north of Europe and Asia. Med. Kef. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 244; Merat and De Lens, iv. 531; Lind. Fl. Med. 305 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 583. Med. Prop. The infusion of the berries has been used to cure the itch, and also as a vermifuge. Lind., Griff. Properties said to be similar to those of the following species. 31. cerifera, L. Gray's Man. 420. Bayberry ; Wax Myrtle. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 43. Sandy soil. New England to Florida, near the sea-coast, and Lake Erie. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. ii. 4; Dana, Sill. Journ. i. 294; Thach. Dis. 278; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 32; Fahnestock, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. ii. 313, and ix. 538 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 244 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 583 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 52 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 759 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 200. M. Carolinensis, Willd., Pursh. Ell. Sk. 678. M. Pennsylvanica, Lam. ? Probably only a variety of the M. cerifera. Med. Ref. Fahnestock, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. ii. 313, and ix. 538 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 760. Med. Prop. The bark of the root, in moderate doses, is an acrid stimulating astringent and errhine. One drachm of the powder pro- duces a burning sensation in the stomach, with nausea and vomiting, followed by costiveness. It is a prominent ingredient in the Com- position Poioder of the Thompsonians and steamers, in combination with capsicum, ginger, cloves, and hemlock bark (Abies Canad.). Dr. Fahnestock used the wax of the berries in teaspoonful doses, with much success in dysentery. He believes that the concrete is efficient in proportion to the green astringent principle that it con- tains ; and that, besides astringency, it possesses in an eminent de- gree narcotic and anodyne properties. Comptonia asplenifolia, Ait. Gray's Man. 421. Siveet Fern. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Liquidambar asplenifolia, L. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. i. tab. 19 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 24 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 584. Dry woods. New England to the mountains of Southern States. Jli;i'"l;'I "\ M IPIG I I BOf AJMT. ] - ~ Med. K2 ; Merat and De Lens, v. 452; Lind. Fl. Med. 320; Griff. Med. Bot. 582; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 53; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1298. P. candicans, Ait. Gray's Man. 431. Balm of Gilcad. Pursh, Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 08, fig. 2. New England to Wisconsin. Med. Ref. Lind. Fl. Med. 320; J. M. Big. List .Med. VI of Ohio, 20. Med. Prop. The bark of the poplar is tonic and febrifuge, and said to possess medical qualities similar to that of the willows. Salicin is obtained from it, and also a peculiar principle called po- pulin. The buds of the T. balsamifera and candicans arc covered with a fragrant resinous matter, which is said to be a stimulating diuretic. Rafinesque states that the bark of the P. balsamifera is emetic and cathartic. Order 01. Balsam ijhtiv, Blume. Gray's Bot. Text-Hook. 474. Balsamacere, Lind. Nat. Syst. 188 ; Altingiaoese, Lind. Veg. King. 253. Liquidamhar sti/raeijtua, L. Gray's Man. 432. Steed Gum: Bihted. Miclix., Pursh, Ell., Torr. Fl. N. Y. 188 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Figured, Michx. f. Sylv. ii. tab. 62. Wet grounds and borders of swamps. Connecticut, New Jersey, Kentucky, Indiana, and southward to Florida. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 16 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 239 ; Griff. Med. Rot. 580; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 762; Wood, IT. S. Dis. App. 1280. Med. Prop. This tree produces a small quantity of balsam simi- lar to storax, which may be used for the same purposes. The inner bark is a mild astringent, and is employed in domestic practice, boiled in milk, for diarrhoea and cholera infantum. Order 92. Urticacese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 175; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 474 (Lind. Veg. King. Urticacese, 260 ; Cannabi- nacese, 265; Moracege, 266). Humulus Lupulus, L. Gray's Man. 435. Common Sop. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 60 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 50 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 574. Borders of woods and banks of streams. Common to this country and Europe. Vicinity of New Albany — rare, barrens. Officinal, U. S., Lond., Ed., Dub. The common hop is well known, and is described by almost all writers on materia medica. See Wood, U. S. Dis.; Per. Mat. Med., &c. Urtica clioica, L. Gray's Man. 436. Great Stinging Nettle. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Waste places. A European plant, naturalized in many parts of the United States. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 272 ; Merat and De Lens, vi. 812; Lind. Fl. Med. 295; Griff. Med. Bot. 571; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 53; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. 755; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1311. XT. urens, L. Gray's Man. 48(3. Dwarf Nettle. Small Sting- ing Nettle. Pursh, Ell., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Waste sandy places. A foreign plant, naturalized in some parts of the United States. Med. Ref. Mdrat and De Lens, vi. 815, and vii. Supp. 719; REPORT OX KlDICAt BOI 181 Mdrat, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. X. I J m. 1- I-"- : L Mod. PI. N. Y. 68; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. A--oc. ii. T Wood, U. S. Die. App. 1811. Mid. Prop. The leaves, seeds, and roots of the I", di formerly officinal. They were deemed diuretic and astringent, and were employed in nephritic complaints, hemorrhages, consumption, jaundice, &c. U. S. Dis. I. c. A decoction, with salt, eoagnl milk like rennet. The U. urens is said to have identical medical qualities. The expressed juice has heen used in France in hemor- rhages, especially uterine, -which were cured by taking from two to four ounces. Our native U. Canadensis probably possesses the same medicinal properties. Pilea jmmila. Gray's Man. 437. Ricliwecd; Coohcr- Dose of the powdered root twenty grains to one : or a wineglassful of the infusion, prepared with one ounce of the brai root to a pint of boiling water. Order 95. Alismaceoe, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 855, and King. 209; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 482. Allsma Plantago, L. Cray's Man. 400. Wetter PI Michx., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. trivialis and parviflora, Pnrsh, Ell. Figured, Griff. Med. Bot. 618. Ditches and wet places. Common to Europe and North America. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 187; Merat and De Lens. i. IT': : Griff. Med. Bot. 618; Lee, Cat. Med. Fl. N. Y. o5; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1225. Med. Prop. The root has some reputation in Russia as a pre- ventive of hydrophobia, but later trials have proved its inefficacy. The leaves are rubefacient, and have boon employed in the dose of a drachm in gravel and in diseases of the urinary organs. Sagittaria variabilis, JZngclm. Cray's Man. 461. Art S. sagittifolia, L., and eight or ten nominal species of this extremely variable plant. Marshes and sluggish water. Common to Europe and the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 259 : Griff. Med, Bot. 618; Leo. Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 56; Torcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 841. Med. Prop. The root is said to be acrid, and somewhat astring- ent, and that the leaves applied to the breasts of nurses dispel the milk. Cooking destroys the acrid qualities of the roots, which are used as food by the Indians, and some of the inhabitants of the north of Europe. 196 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Order 96. Orehidaeeae, Juss. Lincl. Nat. Syst. 336, and Veg. King. 193; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 483. G-oodyera pubescens, R. Br. Gray's Man. 4T6. Rattlesnake Plantain; Cancer-Weed. Nutt., Ell., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Sa- tyrium repens, Michx. (in part) ; Neottia pubescens, Pursh, Big. Rich shady woods. Most parts of the United States. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 224; Griff. Med. Bot. 639; Dr.E. Ives, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 312. Med. Prop. " The same sensible properties as the Cypripediums. Has been used for cancers, lupus, and other ill-conditioned ulcers, with some benefit, palliating when it did not cure. The recent leaves and root are bruised and applied to the part affected. The whole plant is dried, pulverized, and given in teaspoonful doses in nervous and convulsive diseases. It quiets irritations of the nervous system, and produces sleep." Dr. E. Ives, I. c. Deemed by some empirics as a specific for scrofula. Raf. Cypripedium puleseens, Swartz. Gray's Man. 477. Yellow Lady's- Slipper ; Moccason Floiver ; Nervine. Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. C. luteum, Raf. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 74 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 30 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 640. Moist and shady woods. Greater part of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. i. 140; Griff. Med. Bot. 640; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 56; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 835; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio; E. Ives, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 312. Med. Prop. The root is nervine, sedative, and antispasmodic. Similar to valerian in its action on the system, and has been em- ployed with benefit in many nervous affections. Dr. Ives states that a hypochondriacal patient, who could not sleep, and was not benefited by any preparation of opium, never failed of sound rest after taking twelve grains of the powdered root ; that it is very beneficial in neuralgic affections, with morbid sensibility of the whole system; that a lady, who had become so much affected in her eyes that she could not fix them on any object without excruciating pain, and whose whole nervous system was morbidly sensitive, was very much relieved by taking fifteen grains three times a day. Various narcotics had failed to be of any material benefit. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOZA1 197 Dr. C. A. Lee states that lie lias used it in hysteria, and other nervous diseases, with striking benefit. C. 8peetabile, Swartz. Gray's Man. 47*. »S7<«" /• Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. C. calceolus, L. ; C. Canadense, Michx. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. tab. • Swamps, &c. Northern and "Western States, and mountains of the Southern States. C. acaule, Ait. Gray's Man. 478. Noah's Ark. Michx., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. C. humile, Salisb., Pursh, Ell. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 83. Moist or low woods. Northern States, Kentucky, and mountains of the Southern States.' Med. Prop. The C. spectabile and Acaule are said to p - H medical qualities identical with those of C. pubescens, though Dr. Ives thinks they are not quite as strong. Order 97. Aviaryllidacex, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 32S, and Veg. King. 151 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 4S6. Agave Virginica, L. Gray's Man. 470. False Aloe; Rattle- snake's Master. Michx., Tursh, Ell. Dry, gravelly soil. Pennsylvania, Southern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — barrens. Med. Ref. Ell. Sk. i. 402; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 187: Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 833; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1224; R. K. Beid, Inaug. Thesis, 1849. Med. Frop. " The root is bitter. In some neighbourhoods, it is given in tincture as a remedy for flatulent colic, and as such seems deserving notice." Ell. 1. c. It is also one of the supposed remedies for the bites of venomous snakes. Pancratium maritinum, L. Ell. Sk. i. 888 : Pursh, Nutt. Figured, Lind. Yog. King. 155. Sea-coast. Carolina, Georgia, and south of Europe. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 250j Merat and De Lens. v. 179; Lind. Fl. Med. 573; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 834. Med. Trop. Two scruples to one drachm of the bulb excites vomiting ; said to be useful in dropsy. 198 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Order 98. Usemodoracese, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 330, and Veg. King. 151; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 483. Lachianthes tinctoria, Ell. Gray's Man. 481. Red-Root. He- ritiera Gmelini, Michx. Dilatris tinctoria, Pursh. Figured, Michx. FL i. 21, tab. 4. Sandy swamps. Rhode Island and New Jersey, along the coast to Florida. Med. Ref. Griff. Med. Bot. 482 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 834. Med. Prop. The root is astringent and tonic. Porcher. Aletris farinosa, L. Gray's Man. 482. Star Grass; Colic Root. Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. A. alba, Michx., Pursh. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 50 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 4 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 623. Gravelly and sandy soil. Most parts of the United States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — barrens. Officinal, IT. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Schcepf ; Cutler, Am. Acad. i. 435 ; Big. Med. Bot. iii. 92, and Seq. 57 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 57 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 623 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 57; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 838 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 64. Med. Prop. Dr. Bigelow states that he knows no plant that sur- passes this in genuine, intense, and permanent bitterness. In doses of ten grains of the powdered root, it is tonic and stomachic. In large doses it excites much nausea, tendency to vomit, and some dizziness, but no catharsis. The infusion, decoction, and tincture have also been used. It has been employed in colic, debility of the stomach, chronic rheumatism, &c. Dr. Griffith quotes Thacher as having employed it with benefit in dropsical affections, but no notice of the plant is found in Thacher's Dispensatory. A. aurea, Walt. Gray's Man. 482. Michx., Pursh, Ell. Damp pine barrens. New Jersey and Southern States. Very similar to the preceding species, and said to have identical medical virtues. According to Elliott, the roots of both these plants infused in vinegar are given with success in intermittents attended with dropsical swelling. Ell. Sk. i. 399. REPORT OX ttBDICAl BOTAH IW OitDKit !»!». Tridacece, Juss. Lind. N%t. Syst. 882, and V L59 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 486. Iris versicolor, 7 \. Gray's Man. 482. Blue Flag. Pursh, ED., Big., Darl., Torr. PL N. Y. I. hexagons, Walt., B1L; I. Virginiea, Pursh, not of Linn. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. i. pi. 10. Wet marshy places. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — very abundant in some places. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Kef. Bartram's Travels; Bart. Coll. i. 32; Cutler, Am. Acad. 405; Macbride, Ell. Sk. i. 45; Big. Med. Bot. i. 155, and Seq. 235; Ilaf. Med. PI. ii. 232 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 625 : Andn N. Y. Journ. Med. ix. 129 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 56; Wood, U. S. Dis. 405. Med. Prop. In large doses, a powerful emetic and cathartic; in lesser ones, diuretic. Dr. Macbride used a decoction of the root with one-fourth the quantity of Eryngium aquaticum (yuccifolium, Michx.) in dropsy. According to Dr. Andrews, from ten to fifteen grains of the recently dried root, combined with one grain of capsicum, or two of ginger or gum myrrh, acts as a mild and efficient cathartic, producing copious bilious discharges. Useful in removing soreness of the abdomen in remittent fever. From two to four grains are alterative. N. Y. Journ. Med. /. c. I. Virginica, L. Gray's Man. 482. Slender Blur Flag. MuhL, Torr. PL N. Y. I. prismatica, Pursh, Big. ; I. gracilis. I Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. iii. tab. 85, as I. prismatica. Marshes. Massachusetts to Virginia, near the coast. I. verna, L. Pursh, Fl. i. 30. Mountains of Virginia and Kentucky, Pursh. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 32 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 025. The two foregoing species arc stated to have properties similar to those of the I. versicolor. I. cristata, Ait. Ell. Sk. i. 44. Lathi's Calamus. Michx., Pursh. I. verna, Walt, not of Linn. Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, and Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Pursh, Fl. i. 29; Raf. Med. FL ii. 232. 200 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. The roots are cathartic. Raf. The taste of the root is sweet at first, but soon becomes more' pungent than capsicum. Pursh, I. e. Notwithstanding these properties the hunters of Virginia use it to alleviate thirst. Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, L. Gray's Man. 483. Blue-Eyed Grass; Physic Cfrass. Torr. Fl. N. Y. S. anceps and mucronatum of Auth. Meadows, &c. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Roots acrid and purgative. Raf. ii. 264. The Thompsonians use it as a purgative. Ridd. Synop. 87. Antiscorbutic and tonic. Barrott, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 317. Order 100. Dioscoreacese, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 359, and Veg. King. 214 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 487. Dioscorea villosa, L. Gray's Man. 484. Wild Yam. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. D. paniculata, Jacq., Michx. ; D. quaternata, Walt., Pursh, Ell. Woods and thickets. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Ridd. Synop. 93 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 659 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 843 ; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 32. Med. Prop. " An infusion of the root is unquestionably a valu- able remedy in bilious colic. An ounce of the powdered root is to be boiled in a pint of water, and half of it given for a dose. It acts with remarkable promptitude. I have been informed that Dr. Miller, of Middle Ohio, values the tincture highly as an expectorant. He says it is also diaphoretic, and in large doses emetic." Ridd. Synop. I e. Order 101. Smilacese, R. Br. Lind. Nat. Syst. 351, and Veg. King. 215; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 487. Smilax tamnoides, L. Gray's Man. 485 ; Ell. S. panduratus, Pursh. Thickets in sandy soil. New Jersey, Southern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. REPORT ON MKDICAL BOTANY. 201 S* glauca, Walt. Gray'a Man. 486; Michz. B. sarsaparilla, Willd., Pursh, Ell., not the officinal article. Med. Prop. The roots of these two species are supposed t sess properties somewhat similar to tftose of BaraapariHa. < » riff. Med. Bot. 656; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 842 j Wood, U. S. Dis. 634. S. Pseudo- China, L. Gray's Man. 486; Pursh, Ell. New Jersey, Southern States, and West Indies. Med. Ref. Ell. 8k. ii. 700; Itaf. Med. Fl. ii. 264; Griff. Med. Bot. 658 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 841. Med. Prop. Said to be a good alterative, and that it may be used for the same purposes as the sarsaparilla of the shops. Trillium eernuum, h.- Gray's Man. 487. Nodding Trillium; Birthroot, or Bethroot, &c. Pursh, Big. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. ii. tab. 40; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 91 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 646. Moist woods. Greater part of the United States. T. erectum, L. Gray's Man. 487. Purple Trillium ; Birthroot, &e. Pursh, Ell., Torr. Fl. N. Y. T. rhomboideum, Michx. (T. pendulum, Willd., Muhl., Dr. Gray. Dr. Torrey gives T. pendulum as a synonyme of T. cernuum.) Shady woods. Northern and Western States, and mountains of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — not frequent. T. grandijlorum, Salisb. Gray's Man. 487. Large White-flow- ered Trillium ; Birthroot, &c. Pursh, Ell., Torr. Fl. N. Y. T. rhomboideum, var. granditlorum, Michz. Rich woods. Northern and Western States, and mountains of the Southern States. T. ergthroearpum, Michx. Gray's Man. 4^7. Painted Trillium ; Birthroot, &c. Michx., Ell. T. pictum, Pursh, Big. Cold damp woods. Canada, Northern States, and high mountains of the Southern States. T. sessile, L. Gray's Man. 4SS ; Michx., Pursh, Ell. Woods. Pennsylvania, Southern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. 202 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. T. recurvatum, Beck, and T. nivale, Ridd., exclusively western plants, may be mentioned as probably having the same medical vir- tues as the foregoing. Med. Ref. S. W. Williams, N. E. Journ. Med. and Surg. 1820 ; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 96 ; Ridd. Synop. 92 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 646; S. W. Williams, N. Y. Journ. Med. viii. 94 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PL N. Y. 56; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1310; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 32. Med. Prop. Sedative, astringent, and somewhat tonic and alter- ative. The fresh root is acrid and pungent, with a slight balsamic taste, which is much diminished by drying. The T. cernuum, erec- tum, and erythrocarpum have been most employed, but the others are said to possess the same medical virtues. They have been mostly used in hemorrhages, leucorrhoea, and in some cutaneous affections. I have known a case of palpitation of the heart that was more re- lieved by chewing and swallowing a piece of the root than by any other means. According to Rafinesque, the Indians use it to facili- tate parturition. Dr. Lee states that he found the Indians on Lake Superior using the root of the T. cernuum to facilitate childbirth ; and that it was in common use among them for this purpose, as well as for all kinds of discharges in females. Lee, I. c. According to Lindley, it is violently emetic ; this is incorrect, though perhaps a large dose of the fresh root may excite vomiting. Dr. Williams gave a drachm of the powdered root three times a day or oftener if required. Medeola Virginica, L. Gray's Man. 488. Indian Cucumber ; Cucumber-Root. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Gyromia Virginica, Nutt. Figured, Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. tab. 38. Rich damp woods. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — rather rare. Med. Ref. Schcepf ; Bart. Coll. i. 38 ; Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. ii. 144; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 242; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 838; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1282. Med. Prop. The root or rhizoma is eaten by the Indians like cucumbers. In large quantities, said to be diuretic and hydragogue. The elder Barton states that he was told that it had cured dropsies. Seldom, if at all, employed. REPORT <>S .M BDIC \L BOTAHT. Order L02. Liliaceee, Jims. Lind. Nat. . King. 200; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 1-7. Polygonatum canalieulatumt Pnrsk G Solomon's Seal. P. latifolium, Pursh. Convallaria canicnl Mulil. River banks, &c. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. P. pubescens, Pursh. Gray's Man. 490. Smaller Solomon's Seal. P. pubescens, angustifolium, and multiflorum? Pursh ; Con- vallaria pubescens, Muhl. Woods, &c. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Dr. Gray reduces the six American species of Polygonatum of authors to the two preceding. Drs. Torrey, Beck, and Alph. Wood consider them as varieties of only one species, the P. multi- florum, a European plant. They are all known by the name of Solomon's Seal. Med. Ref. Griff. Med. Bot. C55; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 57; Torchcr, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 840; J. II. Ranch, Inaug. Essay, 1849 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1253. Med. Prop. The roots are reputed to be demulcent and vulnerary. Griff. 1. c. " Dr. Rauch found two fluidounces of a decoction, made by boiling two ounces of the root in a pint of milk, to produce nausea, a cathartic effect on the bowels, and either diaphoresis or diuresis. He used it advantageously as an internal remedy in the piles." U. S. Dis. I. c. Smilacina racemosa, Desf. Gray's Man. 491. False Spikenard, Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Convallaria, L., Miehx., Big. Figured, Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 130. Moist thickets. Greater part of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Prop. "A mild alterative, diuretic, and diaphoretic." Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 57. Convallaria majalis, L. Ell. Sk. i. 396. Lily of the Valley. Miehx., Pursh. Europe and mountains of the Southern States. Med. Ref. Merat and De Lens, ii. 39S ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 839 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1252. Med. Prop. ■ The flowers are said to be emetic and cathartic, and 204 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. ■were formerly used in epilepsy and against worms. At present they are employed only as a sternutatory, for -which purpose they are dried and reduced to a coarse powder. The root has similar properties. "Wood, U. S. Dis. I. c. Allium Canadense, Kalm. Gray's Man. 498. Meadow Crarlic. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Moist meadows. Most parts of the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Prop. The bulbs of this plant are said to be quite equal to the officinal garlic, and to be a good substitute for it. Griff. Med. Bot. 653; Porcher, Lee. A. cernuum, Roth. Gray's Man. 493. Wild Onion. A. t?'ieoccum, Ait. Gray's Man. 493. Wild Leek. Both found in the vicinity of New Albany, and have medicinal properties similar to the foregoing, though said to be less powerful. Yucca JilcDnentosa, L. Ell. Sk. i. 400. Bear Grass; Silk Gf-rass. Michx., Pursh. Loose rich soils. Virginia to Florida. " This plant has some reputation for the cure of gonorrhoea, given in the form of tincture. The tincture is made by steeping eight ounces of the dried root in a gallon of whiskey. Dose, a wineglass- ful, taken three times a day." Dr. Barrott, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc. iii. 317. JErythronium Americanum, Smith. Gray's Man. 495. Yellow Adders Tongue; Bog's Tooth Violet. Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. E. Dens-canis, L., Michx. E. lanceolatum, Pursh. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. iii. pi. 58 ; Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 33 ; Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 35 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 648. "Woods, low grounds. Throughout the United States. Vicinity of New Albany — common. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Secondary. Med. Ref. Big. Med. Bot. iii. 151, and Seq. 174; Raf. Med. Fl. i. 168 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 648 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 57 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 838 ; Wood, U. S. Dis. 318. Med. Prop. According to Dr. Bigelow, twenty-five grains of the green root, or forty of the recently dried root, produce nausea and REPORT OS MKDICAL i: OTA NY. vomiting. Cooking or thorough drying dettroyi or greatly d. nishes its activity. Seldom, if at all, employed at present. Order 103. Melanthaeem, I!. I>r. Lind. Nat Byet 847, and Yeg. King. 108; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 48R Uvular/a fjranJijlora, Smith. Gray's Man. 4'<7. 8 Pursh, Ell., Big., Torr. Fl. N. Y. U. perfoliata, var. major, Michx. V. perfvliata, L. Gray's Man. 497. Brfhcort. Pursh, Ell.. Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. U. perfoliata, var. minor, Mil Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 32. U. sessil'folia, L. Gray's Man. 497. Bdhcort. Michx., Pursh. Ell., Big., Dart., Torr.Tl. N. Y. Figured, Bart. Fl. N. A. i. tab. 55, fig. 1. These three species of Uvularia are found in rich shady woodfl in the greater part of the United States. The U. grandifolian i sessilifolia in the vicinity of New Albany. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 272 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 641 : Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 840; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 33. Med. Prop. The roots are said to be mucilaginous and slightly acrid when fresh; and a decoction of them has been employed in domestic practice in sore mouth, affections of the throat, fee. S Griff. J. c. Mclanthium Virginicum, L. Gray's Man. 500. Virginian Melanihium. Michx., Pursh, Ell., Dark, Torr. Fl. If. Y. Lei- manthium Yirginicum, Willd., Gray, Sill. Journ. xlii. 27. Figured, Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. pi. 134. "Wet grounds. New York, Western and Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 242; Griff. Med. Bot. 041 : Foreher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 836 ; J. M. Big. List Med. H. of Ohio. 33. Med. Prop. Said to be an active poison. Rafinesque states that the root is used by the Cherokees as a poison for crows, and that it is a sure but violent remedy for the itch. According to Dr. Por- cher, the infusion is an effectual anthelmintic. 15 206 EEPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Veratrum viride, Ait. Gray's Man. 500. Indian Poke; Ame- rican Hellebore. Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. V. album, Michx., not of Linn. Figured, Big. Med. Bot. ii. pi. 33. Swamps and low grounds. Canada, Northern States, and mount- ains of the Southern States. Officinal, U. S. Pharm. Med. Eef. Kalm's Travels; Thach. Dis. 360, as V. album; Big. Med. Bot. ii. 121, and Seq. 388; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 273; Os- good, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xvi. 196 ; Am. Journ. Pharm. vii. 202, ix. 181, and x. 89 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 643 ; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. .58; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 837; Wood, U. S. Dis. 734. Med. Prop. Dr. Ware found the powdered root, in doses of three to six grains, to excite vomiting in most cases, but not so promptly and certainly as the ordinary emetics; and in no case did it act on the bowels as a cathartic. Big. I. c. According to Dr. Tully, it is a deobstreent or alterative, an acrid emetic, epispastic, and errhine. Its narcotie effects, after full doses, are manifested by somnolency, faintness, dimness of sight, dilated pupils, vertigo, headache, hiccup, with muscular debility, &c, and a small, slow, compressible pulse, which sometimes falls from seventy or eighty to forty or thirty-five in a minute. Osgood, I. c. It has been employed with advantage in gout, rheumatism, asthma, dyspepsia, &c. The best form of administration is the tincture made by infusing six ounces of the fresh root in a pint of alcohol, of which the dose is, in arthritic cases, half a drachm every three or four hours. Amianthum muscsetoxicum, Gray. Gray's Man. 501. Fly Poison; Fall Poison. Melanthium muscsetoxicum, Walt. Helo- nias erythrosperma, Michx., Pursh, Ell. Rich shady places. Pennsylvania and New Jersey to Florida. Med. Ref. Ell. Sk. i. 421; Lind. Veg. King. 199; Griff. Med. Bot. 641 ; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 837. Med. Prop. A narcotic poison. The bulbs, triturated with mo- lasses, are employed to destroy flies ; they, however, recover in twenty-four hours, if not otherwise destroyed. See Ell. I. c. Not known to be employed as a medicine, but deserves examination. Chamselirium luteum, Gray. Gray's Man. 503. Devil's-Bit ; REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. 207 Blazing Star; Unicorn-Root. Ilelonias dioica, Pursh, Ell., B Torr. PI. N. Y.; Veratrum luteum, L. Open woods and barrens. Most parts of the United States. Vi- cinity of New Albany — barrens. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. ii. 52 ; Tursh, Fl. i. 243; Ell. Sk. i. 128; Lind. Veg. King. 190; Griff. Med. Bot. 641; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 68; Braman, Boston Med. and Surg. Journ. xl. 416; Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 836; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 34; Barrot, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, iii. 321. Med. Prop. Dr. B. S. Barton speaks of the root as a tonic, but thinks that its good effects in colic are owing to some narcotic qua- lity. Dr. Ives used the infusion as a tonic, and commends its effi- cacy in checking nausea and vomiting. Dr. Braman states that he has employed it for nine years, and that he uses it in leucorrhcea with a confidence that.he attaches to no other article. The uncom- fortable sensations, such as pain in the head, side, loins, want of appetite, dejection of spirits, &c, vanish, and entire recovery of health and spirits is soon established under the use of this medicine. Dose of the powdered root, drachm and a half; of tincture, one drachm; of the syrup, three drachms: to be taken three times a day, half an hour before meals. Order 104. Cyperacece, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 384, and Veg. King. 117; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 490. MeocJiaris palustris, R. Br. Gray's Man. 522. Torr. Cyp. ; Torr. Fl. N. Y. Scirpus palustris, L., Pursh, Ell., Big., Darl. Common to Europe and America. Vicinity of New Albany. Med. Ref. Merat and De Lens, vi. 262; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 851. Med. Prop. Leraery states that the flowering tops, seeds, and roots are astringent, and are employed, in decoction, in diarrhoea and hemorrhages. Not known to be used in this country. Scirpus lacustris, L. Gray's Man. 526. Bulrush. Miehx., Pursh, Ell., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. S. acutus, Muhl., Big.: S. va- lidus, Vahl., Pursh. Ponds and swamps. Most parts of the world. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Figured, Lind. Veg. King. 117. 208 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. The root is astringent and diuretic, and was once officinal. Lind. Ye%. King. 118. Not known to be used. Order 105. Graminese, Juss. Lind. Nat. Syst. 369; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 491. Graminacese, Lind. Veg. King. 106. Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. Gray's Man. 587. Bermuda Gfrass. Pursh. Panicum Dactylon, L. ; Digitaria Dactylon, Ell. South of Europe. Naturalized in Pennsylvania and Southern States. Med. Ref. MeVat and De Lens, ii. 251; Lind. Veg. King. 114; Porcher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 848. Med. Prop. The roots have some reputation as a substitute for sarsaparilla. Lind. I. c. Possesses nearly the same properties as the Triticum repens. MeVat and De Lens, I. c. Triticum repens, L. Gray's Man. 602. Couch- Grass; Quitch- Grass. Muhl., Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. A European grass, naturalized in many places. " Wild north- ward." Dr. Gray. Med. Ref. MeVat and De Lens, ii. 230 ; W ood, U. S. Dis. App. 1311. The decoction of the roots, deprived of the epidermis, is much employed in France as a ptisan ; it is the tisane commune of their hospitals. Reputed to be demulcent, diuretic, resolvent, and anti- phlogistic. MeVat and De Lens, I. c. Class III.— ACROGENS. Order 106. Equisetacese, De C. Lind. Nat. Syst. 317, and Veg. King. 61 ; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 493. Equisetum arvense, L. Gray's Man. 619. Field Horsetail. Moist banks and low grounds. Northern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — rare. Med. Prop. Astringent and diuretic; used in hematuria. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 217; J. M. Big. List Med. PL of Ohio, 35. E. Jiyemale, L. Gray's Man. 620. Scouring Rush; Shave- Grass. Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. REPORT ON MEDICAL BOT AST. 2 ' Moist banks and wet places. Barope uid Canada to Vilj Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Mdrat and De Lens, iii. 126; I.'idd. Synop. 105. A decoction of two or three drachms of the dried plant to ■ pint of water, in the dose of three to six ounces, every two hours, is a powerful diuretic. Mdrat and De Lens, /. c. The infusion i9 said to be an efficacious remedy for strangury. Ilidd. I. c. Order 107. Filices, Juss. Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 403. Fili- cales, Lind. Vcg. King. 74 — Ord. Ophioglossaceas, 77; Polypodia- ceae, 78; Danaeaceaa, 82. Pob/podium vulgare, L. Gray's Man. G22. Common Pol\ Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. No. 77; Griff. Med. Bot. 670. Rocky woods. Canada, Northern and Western States; also in Europe. Med. Ref. Bart. Coll. i. 41; Raf. Med. Fl. ii. G7 ; Griff. Med. Bot. G69; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1297. Med. Prop. The root was formerly used as a purgative in obstructions of the liver, and also deemed expectorant and diure- tic. A syrup of it is said to be good in coughs. Seldom em- ployed; but Dr. Griffith thinks, from analysis of the root, that it possesses some activity. P. incanum, Willd. Gray's Man. G23; Fursh. F. ectanreinum, Michx. Achrostiehum polypodioides, L. Rocks and trunks of trees. Ohio and Indiana to Florida. "Pectoral, demulcent, purgative, and vermifuge. Equivalent of P. vulgare." J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 3G. Ptcris aquilina, L. Gray's Man. G'24. Common Braka, or Bracken. Michx., Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. P. candata, Pursh. Woods, thickets, &C. Common to Europe and North America. Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 254 ; Merat and De Lens. v. Lind. Fl. Med. G18; Griff. Med. Bot. GTO ; Wood, U. S. Dis. App, 1231; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 86. Med. Prop. Said to be astringent and vermifuge. Dr. J. M. Bigelow states that he has used it as a substitute for the German 210 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. male fern; that in one case in which it was given for tape-worm, it relieved like a charm a troublesome chronic cough after a great variety of other means had been unavailing; and that he has since prescribed it with good results where there was no inflammatory action. J. M. Big. I. c. Youatt speaks of it as a violent and dan- gerous diuretic in its action on the horse ; and on account of this property it is a favourite with the horsekeeper and the groom. He thinks it has an injurious effect on the mucous membrane of the bladder, and that it excites a predisposition to inflammation in the urinary organs. Youatt on the Horse, 226. Adiantum pedatum, L. Gray's Man. 625. Maidenhair. Michx., Pursh, Big., Dark, Torr. Fl. N. Y. Figured, Raf. Med. Fl. i. No. 2. Shady woods. Northern and Western States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Baf. Med. Fl. i. 30; Griff. Med. Bot. 609; Lee, Cat. Med. PI. N. Y. 58; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1223. A. Capillus- Veneris, L. Maidenhair. Figured, Griff. Med. Bot. 669. Florida, Arkansas, and Texas, Dr. Engelman; and in most parts of the world. Med. Ref. Ainslie, Mat. Ind. i. 52; Merat and De Lens, i. 75; Lind. Fl. Med. 618; Griff. Med. Bot. 669; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1223. Med. Prop. The infusion or decoction of these plants is demul- cent and pectoral. A syrup, called capillaire, made from them is much used in France and Germany. The A. pedatum, according to Rafinesque, is frequently imported into Europe from this country. Dryopteris Gfoldiana, Gray. Gray's Man. 631. G-oldie's Fern. Aspidium Goldianum, Hook., Torr. Fl. N. Y.; A. Filix-mas, Pursh, not of Willd. This fern has been mistaken by Pursh and some other botanists for the Polypodium Filix-mas, L. ; the Nephrodium and the Aspi- dium Filix-mas of later Auth. The Filix-mas, or male fern of the United States and British Pharmacopoeias, is incorrectly stated as being found in the United States in many works on materia medica. It is not known whether the American fern has been employed to expel tape-worms; but there is reason to suppose, from its resem- REPORT OS MKDICAL IIOTANY. I'll bianco to the male fern, that it may have similar medicinal ; perties. Onoclea sensibilis,\j. Gray's Man. 603. Sensitive Fern. M Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Low, wet grounds. Canada and throughout the Onito Vicinity of New Albany — frequent. Dr. Catley, formerly of Ohio, informs me that the decoction of the root (rhizoma) was used in domestic practice as a remedy for dyspepsia, and chronic biliary derangements, with much bencBt. Osmunda spectabilis, Willd. Gray's Man. 634. Flowering F Pursh, Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. 0. regalis, Michx., Big., not of Linn. Swamps and wet places. Northern and Western States, and mountains of the Southern States. Vicinity of New Albany — not rare. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 249 ; Griff. Med. Bot. 670 ; Por- cher, Trans. Am. Med. Assoc, ii. 852; J. M. Big. List Med. PI. of Ohio, 3T. Med. Prop. The rhizoma, or root-stock, is reputed to be demul- cent, astringent, and tonic. Boiled in milk, useful in diarrhoea, dysentery, &c. The authorities referred to by Dr. Porcher belong to the 0. regalis, a European fern, which Michaux thought to be identical with this species. 0. Oinnamomea^Jj. Gray's Man. 63<~>. Cinnamon Fern. Michx.. Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Swamps and wet thickets. Canada and throughout the United States. According to Rafinesque and Dr. J. M. Bigelow, the medical vir- tues of this fern arc similar to those of the 0. spectabilis. Order 108. Lycopodiacess, Swartz. land. Nat. Syst. 403, and Veg. King. 69; Gray's Bot. Text-Book, 49;.. Lycopodium Selago, L. Gray's Man. 637. Fir OIub-M is, Big., Hook., Torr. Fl. N. Y. Canada, and tops of high mountains of the Northern States. Also north of Europe. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 240 ; Merat and De Lens. iv. 167: Lind. Fl. Med. 62; Griff. Med. Bot. 672. 2X2 REPORT ON MEDICAL BOTANY. Med. Prop. A violent emetic and cathartic. The Highlanders give it in infusion; but, if the dose is not small, it is followed by serious giddiness and convulsions. Lind. It is also used as a lotion to destroy vermin, and in an ointment to foul ulcers. L. davatum, L. Gray's Man. 638. Common Club-Moss. Michx., Pursh, Big., Darl., Torr. Fl. N. Y. L. tristachyum, Pursh(?). Dry woods. Canada, Northern and Western States. Mountain- ous heaths, &c, all over Europe. Med. Ref. Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 240; MeVat and De Lens, iv. 166; Lind, Fl. Med. 621; Griff. Med. Bot. 671; Wood, U. S. Dis. App. 1281. Med. Prop. A decoction of the plant is antispasmodic, diuretic, &c. Used in rheumatism, dropsy, and some other diseases, and said to be the most efficacious of applications in plica polonica. The spores, or powder, called Ly 'cop odeum, or Vegetable Sulphur, is a useful application to the excoriations of children. ALPHABETICAL INDEX REPORT ON INDIGENOUS MEDICAL BOTANY AND MATERIA MEDICI. INDEX OK THE SYSTEMATIC NAMES, BYNONYMES, AND OOMMOS v Abies balsamea, 190 Canadensis, 190 Ahutilon avicennce, 62 Acalyphii Virginica, ISO Aceracea;, 7 1 Acer Pennsylvanicum, 71 riibrmn, 72 striatum, 71 Achillea millefolium, 116 Achrostichum polypodioides, 209 Achyranthes repens, 169 Aconitum uncinatum, 38 — Aconite, 38 Acorus calamus, 194 Actea alba, 49 Americana, or alba, 39 Americana, or rubra, 39 brachypetala, 39 racemosa, 39 rubra, 39 spicata, or alba, 39 spicata, or rubra, 39 Adder's tongue, yellow, 204 Adike pumila, 189 iEsculus discolor, 72 ( iEscnlus echinata, 72 flava,72 glabra, 72 lutea, 72 pallida, 72 pavia, 72 ,32th usa cynapiutn, 94 Agave Virginica, 197 — Ageratum altissimum, 1 OS Agrimonia eupatoria, 82—83 parvitlora, 82 suaveolens, 83 Agrimony, common, 82 small-rlowered, 82 sweet-scented, 82 Agrostemma gilbago, 61 Ajuga CluuiKvpitys, 152 Aliler, black, 134, 185 common, 134, 185 white, 129 Aletris, alba, 198 aurea, 198 farinosa, 198 Alismacea:, 195 Alisma parvillora, 195 Alisma plantago, 195 • trivialis, 195 Allium Canadense, 204 cernuum, 204 tricoccum, 204 Allspice, Carolina, S5 wild, 174 Alnus serrulata, 1S5 Aloe, false, 197 Althea officinale, 62 Altingiacee, 1S7 Alum-root, 89 Amaranthaces, 169 Amaryllidacea\ U'7 Ambrina ambrosioides, 16S antbelminticum, 167 Botrya, lt!7 Ambrosia trilida, 1 14 Amianthum muscstoxicom, 206 Ampelopsis hedcracea, 75 quinquefolia, 75 Anacardinceai] 69 Anagallis arvensis. 1 38 Andromeda angustifolin, 128 arborea, 1 OS Mariana, 128 nitida, 12S polifblia, 128 speciosa, 128 Anemone hepatica, 33 lancifoha, 33 Ludoviciana, 33 nemorosa, 33 patens, 33 quinquefolia, 33 Anemone, wood, 33 Anise, star, 41 Anonacen\ 43 Anona triloba, 43 Angelica atropurpurea, 93 lncida, 94 triquiaata, 93 Angelica-tree, Angelica, great, 94 Angelico, 9» Antennaria Maruaritacea, 117 plantaginifolia, 1 17 Antbemia cotula, 1 15 Antirrhinum linaria, I 11 Aphyllon unillor.i, 139 Apiacee; 16S Apocynaceas, 161 Apncynum androsBmifolium, 16 I cannabinum, 161 hypericilbliuni, 161 pnbescens, 16] Apple of Peru, 156 Aquifbliacee, 133 Aquilegia Canadensis, 31 Arabia Canadensis, M dentata, 6 i diphvlla, a4 faJcal . levigata, 64 1\ 'rata, M pendula, 6 l Aracea, 193 Arabia hispida, 96 Dudicauli8, racemes i . spinosa . 96 Arbor vita-, American, 191 Arbutus, tr. tiling. 127 nva oral, 126 Archangel ica alropurpureum, 93 Arctium lappa, 120 ArctOGtaphjIoS nva ursi. 126 Argemone Mexicana, 42 214 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Arisema triphyllum, 193 Dracontium, 193 Aristolochiaceae, 165 Aristolochia hastata, 167 hirsuta, 167 reticulata, 167 sagittata, 167 serpentaria, 166 sipho, 166 tomentosa, 167 Arnica Claytoni, 119 lanceolata, 120 mollis, 119 nudicaulis, 1 19 Arrow-weed, 195 -wood, 102 Indian, 74 Artemisia absinthium, 116 biennis, 1 16 Canadensis, 1 16 campestris, 116 caudata, 116 heterophylla, 116 vulgaris, 116 Arum, arrow, 193 water, 194 dracontium, 193 triphyllum, 193 Virginicum, 193 Asarum arifolium, 166 Canadense, 165 Virginicum, 166 AsclepiadaceaE, 162 Asclepias cornuti, 163 decurnbens, 163 incarnata, 163 pulchra, 163 Syriaca, 163 tuberosa, 163 Ascyrum Crux-Andreae, 59 multicaule, 59 Ash, blue, 165 mountain, 85 prickly, 68 stinking, 69 white, 165 Asimina triloba, 43 Aspen, American, 1S7 Aspidium, filix-mas, 210 goldianum, 210 Aster annuus, 111 Collinsii, 109 cordifolius, 109 novae- Anglise, 109 Aster tortifolius, 109 heart-leaved, 109 New England, 109 Atriplex, laciniata, 168 patula, 168 Avens, purple, S3 water, 83 white, 83 Azalea procumbens, 131 B Baccharis halmifolia, 112 Balloon vine, 73 Balmony, 142 Balm of Gilead, 186 Balm, horse, 147 Balsamaceae, 187 Balsamifluae, 187 Balsaminaceae, 67 Balsam, Canada, 190 fir, 190 -weed, 68 Baneberry, red, 39 white, 39 Baptisia alba, 78 bracteosa, 78-79 leucantha, 78 leucophea, 78 tinctoria, 77 Barbarea vulgaris, 54 Barberry, 44 Basil, wild, 150 Basswood, 63 Bay, white, 42 Bayberry, 1S4 Bean, Indian, 139 -tree, 139 Bearberry, 126 Beaver-tree, 42 -wood, 176 Bedstraw, rough, 103 small, 103 Beech-drops, 138 Bellwort, 205 Benzoin odoriferum, 174 Berberidaceae, 44 Berberis Canadensis, 45 vulgaris, 44 Bergamot, wild, 148 Bethroot, 201 Beetle-weed, 132 Betulaceae, 185 Betula alnus serrulata, 185 carpinifolia, 185 lanulosa, 185 lenta, 1S5 nigra, 1S5 rubra, 185 Bignoniacese, 139 Bignonia capreolata, 139 catalpa, 139 crucigera, 139 sempervirens, 140 Bilsted, 187 Bindweed, great, 154 hedge, 154 Birch, black, 185 cherry, 185 red, 185 sweet, 185 Birthroot, 201 Bitter-root, 201 Bittersweet, 73, 157 Blackberry, 84 low, 84 Black-root, 112,143 Blazing star, 105, 106,207 Bloodroot, 50 Blood wort, 118 Blueberry, low, 126 Boneset, rough, 107 upland, 107 Bones styptic, 111 Bowman's root, SI Boraginaceae, 152 Botrophis serpentaria, 39 Bouncing Bet, 60 Bracken, common, 209 Brake, common, 209 Brasenia hydropeltis, 47 peltata, 47 Breast-weed, 176 Brooklime, 143 Broom rape, 138 Buck bean, 161 Buckeye, fetid, 72 large, 72 Ohio, 72 small, 72 sweet, 72 Buckthorn, 74 Bugle-weed, 145 Bugle, 171 Bulrush, 207 Bumelia lycioides, 136 Burdock, 120 prairie, 113 Burning bush, 74 Buttercups, 35 Butternut, 180 Butter-weed, 110 Button-bush, 103 Cabombaceae, 47 Cactaceae, 88 Catchfly, Virginian, 60 Cactus opuntia, 88 Calamus, 194 lady's, 199 Calico bush, 130 Calla palustris, 194 Virginica, 193 Callicarpa Americana, 144 Callitrichaceae, 176 Callitriche aquatica, 176 heterophylla, 176 intermedia, 176 verna, 176 Caltha integerrima, 36 palustris, 36 Calycanthaceae, 85 Calycanthus, S5 ferox, S6 florid us, S5 glaucus, 86 inodorus, S6 levicatns, 86 Calystegia repens, 154 sepium, 154 Campion rose, 61 Canadian Burnet, S3 Cancer-root, 138-139 Cancer-weed, 149,196 Cannabinaceae, 1SS Caparidacese, 56 Caprifoliaceae, 100 Caprifolium sempervirens, 100 Capsella bursa pastoris, 99 Cardamine fratensis, 9S A I. I'll A I : I T I ' A I. I 215 Card amino hinuta, 9 Pennsylvania, 98 VirglnloB, 'J'.) Cardlospermum heliocaca- hiini, T8 Cardinal Bower, 123 blue, 188 Cnrica papaya , 68 Carpenter'! leaf) 132 Carrot] wild , 88 Caryophillacets, GO Cataena, 188 Cassia chamicchrista, 79 linearis, 7!) Marilandica, 78 occidental is, 79 Castanea piimiln, 1S3 Catalpa, 139 Catalpa bignnnioides, 139 cordil'olia, 139 ayringafoiia, 139 Catfoot, I IS Catgut, 77 Catmint, 149 Catnip, 149 Caulophyllum, thalictroidcs, 45 Ccanothus Arnoricanus, 75 Cedar, red, 192 white, 191 Celandine, 50 Celastracore, 73 Cehtstrus scandens, 73 Celtis occidentalis, 175 Centaury, American, 158 European, 159 Lesser, 159 Cephalanthus occidentalis, 103 Cerasus serotina, 80 Virginiana, SO Chamtelirium iuteum, 206 Chec.kerberry, 127 Chelidonium diphyllum, 50 majus, 50 Chelone glabra, 142 Chenopodiacea:, 167 Chenopodiuin ambrosioides, 168 antbelniinticuni, 167 Botrys, 167 Cherry, black, SO ground, 156 wild, 80 Cliickweed, water, 176 Cliimapliila corymbosa, 131 maculate, 132 umbellata, 131 * Chinquapin, 183 water, 48 Chionanthus Virginica, 165 Cliironia annularis, 158 centauriuni, 159 Chocolate-root, S3 Chrysanthemum leucanthe- nium, 116 Cichorium intybus, 118 Cicuta maculata, 94 Cimicifugo racemose, 39 serpen taria, 35) Cinchonaci b, 102 Cinqoefoil, G i bf 84 CiBHim bed< • Cistim Canadensis, 58 Clammy-weed . • "> Cleavus, 108 V n > r 1 1 . i , :. I Virginiana, 31 Clcome Canadensis, 56 dodeoandi pentaphyil . Cletbra alnifblia, 129 Clinopodinm incanom, 160 CliverH, 108 Club-rnoas. common, 212 lir, 'J I I Coflee, wild, 100 Cohosh, black, 39 blue, 46 red, 39 white, 39 Colic-root, 198 ( lolic-weed, 68 Cbllinsonia anisata, 147 Canadensis, 1 17 ovata, 147 precox, 117 scabra, 147 Colt's loot, 109 Columbine, wild, 37 Comarum palustre, 85 Comlrey, 152 wild, 153 Compass plant, 1 13 Composite, 105 Comptonia asplenifblia, 1S4 Cone-llower, 1 14 purple, 1 14 Conifers, 1S9 Conium maculatum, 95 Conopholis Americana, l P«S Convallaria caniculata, 203 majalis, 203 pubescens, 203 Convolvulaoea, 154 Convolvulus niacrorhizus, 155 nil, 155 panduratDB, 154 sepium, 154 Conyza bifoliate, 109 camphorata, 1 13 Marilandica, 1 13 pyenostachya, 1 12 Cool- weed, 189 Coptis triloba, 36 Corn-cockle, til Cornacec, 97 Cornel, alternate-leaved, 97 ronnd-leai ed, 98 Cornus alternifblia, 97 oircinata, 98 Borida, 99 lanuginosa, 98 paniculata, 99 sericea, 98 tomentosa, 98 Corydalit Car. Cory I i Cow j CoW«li; ■ -, Virginiaa • Boating, 53 hair;. . in trsh, 53 in. e'.. ■• . ■ I rock smooth rork, 54 loothi w^ter, 53 w ml' Crowfoot, bulbou*. creeping, 31 cur-' emall-Howcred, 34 tall, 35 Crown beard, 1 14 Crueller!', 53 Cucumber-ro..' Cucumber-tri Cucumber, Indian. one-seeded. 89 Cucurl. • Cudweed, 117-1 1> Culver's physic, 143 Cunila mariana, 1 i-^ pulegioides, 147 Cup-plant, 114 Cupressus disticha, 191 thyoides, 191 Cupuhiers, 181 Cureall, ^7 Cyamua Bavicomu . lutei. Cynanchum macrophvllum, ' It. I Cynodon dactylon, Cynoglossum ample*. < " i. .; offieinele, Virginicum, l -; t'\ pel C'\ press. 191 bald. 191 Cypripedium acanle, 197 calceolus, 197 Canadenee, 197 humile. 1"7 Iuteum, 198 pubescens. 196 apt otabile, ii'~ Dahoon hnll] Daisy. Ill ox-ej c 1 16 Pan;vacea\ MS Dandelion, 188 216 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Datura stramonium, 156 Daucus carota, 93 Deerberry, 126 Delphinum consolidae, 37 Dentaria diphylla, 54 Devil's bit, 206 . Dewberry, 84 Dicentra Canadensis, 52 cucularia, 52 eximia, 52 Dielytra cucularia, 52 Diervilla Canadensis, 100 lutea, 100 Tournfortii, 100 trifida, 100 Digitaria dactylon, 20S Dilatris tinctoria, 198 Dioscoreaceas, 200 Dioscorea paniculata, 200 quaternata, 200 villosa, 200 Diospyros Virginiana, 135 Dirca palustris, 174 Dittany, 148 Dock, bitter, 172 bloody-veined, 173 broad-leaved, 172 curled, 172 sour, 172 water, 171 yellow, 172 Dogbane, 161 Dog-fennel, 1 15 Dogwood, 98 common, 99 panicled, 99 pond, 103 striped, 71 swamp, 98 white, 99 Door-weed, 171 Dracontium fetidus, 194 Dragon-root, 193 Droseraceae, 58 Drosera rotundifolia, 58 Drupaceae, 80 Dulcamara, 157 Dutchman's breeches, 52 Dutchman's pipe, 166 Dyer's cleavus, 103 E Ebenaceae, 135 Echinacea purpurea, 114 Echites difformis, 162 puberula, 162 Elder, common, 101 dwarf, 96 red-berried, 101 Elecampane, 103 Elm, red, 175 slippery, 175 Eleocharis palustris, 207 Emetic-root, 177 Emetic-weed, 124 Epigaea repens, 127 Epilobium coloratura, 87 tetragonum, 87 Epiphegus Americana, 138 Virginiana, 138 Equisetaceas, 208 Equisetum Arvense,208 hyemale, 208 Erecthites Hieracifolia, 119 Ericaceae, 125 Erigeron annuum, 111 ambiguum, 111 bellidifolium, 110 Canadensis, 110 camphoratum, 113 heterophyllum, 11 1 integrifolium, 111 nervosum, 111 Philadelphicum, 111 pulchellum, 110 purpureum, 110 pusillum, 1 10 strigosum, 111 Eryngium aquaticum, 92 fetid urn, 92 yuccaefolium, 92 Erysimum Barbarea, 55 officinale, 55 Erythraea centaurium, 159 Erythrohiza rotundifolia, 132 Erythronium Americanum, 204 dens-canis, 204 lanceolatum, 204 Euonymus Americanus, 74 atropurpureus, 73 Eupatorium amaenum, 106 aromatic, 107 ageratoides, 107 aromaticum, 107 ceanothifolium, 107 connatum, 106 dubium, 105 falcatum, 105 fistulosum, 105 lanceolatum, 106 maculatum, 105 perfoliatum, 106 pilosum, 106 pubescens, 106 punctatum, 105 purpureum, 105 rotundifolium, 106 sessilifolium, 106 ternifolium, 105 teucrifolium, 105-106 trifoliatum, 105 truncatum, 106 urticifolium, 107 verbinffifolium, 106 verticillatum, 105 Euphorbia corollata, 177 depressa, 17S helioscopia, 177 hirsuta, 179 hypericifolia, 179 ipecacuanha, 178 maculata, 178-179 obturata, 177 Peplus, 177 thymifolia, 178 Evening primrose, 86 Eyebright, 179 Fabaceae, 77 Farkleberry, 126 Fern, cinnamon, 211 flowering, 211 Goldie's, 210 sensitive, 211 sweet, 184 Fever-bush, 174 Fever-root, 100 Fever-weed, 92 Figwort, 141 Filicales, 209 Filices, 209 Fire-pink, 61 Fire-weed, 119 Fit-root, 132 Five finger, 184 Flag, blue, 199 slender, blue, 199 sweet, 194 Flax, toad, 141 Fleabane, 111 Canadian, 110 marsh, 113 narrow-leaved, 111 Philadelphia, 110 Forsterania difformis, J 62 Forty-knot, 169 Fragaria Virginianum, 84 Frasera Carolinensis, 160 verticillata, 160 Walteri, 160 Fraxinus acuminata, 165 Americana, 165 quadrangulata, 165 Fringe-tree, 165 Frost-plant, 58 Fumariacea?, 52 Fumaria cucularia, 52 officinalis, 53 Fumitory, 53 Galatherium elongatum, 122 Galax aphylla, 132 rotundifolia, 132 Galega Virginiana, 77 Gale, sweet, 183 Galiaceas, 102 Galium aparine, 102 asprellum, 103 circaszans, 103 obtusum, 103 tinctorium, 103 trifidum, 103 Gall of the earth, 121-122 Garget, 169 Garlic, meadow, 198 Gay feather, 106 Gaylussacia dumosa, 125 frondosa, 126 hirtella, 125 resinosa, 126 Gelseminum nitidum, 140 sempervirens, 140 Gentianaceae, 158 A LI' II A BETICA I. T. 217 Gcntinna nrnarilloidcs, 1">9 Catesbei, 169 centaurium, 169 cnnita, 169 Fralickii, 169 linearis, 169 ochroleuca, 100 puberuln, 169 (|iiili(|iii'll(ir:i, 160 quinquefolia, 160 rubricauliB, 150-iGO ■aponaria, 169 Gentian, blue, 169 five-flow eredj 159 fringed, 169 horse, 100 ( leraniacee, 64 Geranium Caroliqianom, 65 inacnlatiini, 64 Robertianum, 65 ( leu 111 album, 83 Carol inianum, S3 rivale, S3 Virginiannm, 02, 83 Gillenia Btipulacea, 82 trifoliata, s:s Gill-over- the-ground, 150 Ginger, wild, 165 Ginseng, 1!I7 Glechoma hederacea, 150 Globe-flower, 136 Gnaphaliuru dioicum, 118 Margaritaceum, 1 18 plantagineum, 1 18 plantaginifolium, 1 IS polycephalum, 1 I 7 Golden rod, fragrant, 112 rigid. Ill sweet-scented, 112 Golden seal, 38 Goldthread, 36 Gonolohus macrophyllum, 164 Goodycra pubescens, 196 Graminaces, 208 Graminca*, 208 Grass, bear, 20S Bermuda, 204 blue- eyed, 200 couch,' 208 goose, 102 orange, 59 physic, 200 Grass, quitch, 208 shave, 208 silk, 204 worm, 104 Gratiola aurea, 1 42 officinalis, 142 Virginica, 142 Gravel plant, 127 root, 106 Green dragon, 93 Groundsel-tree, 112 Guaiacum angustifolium, 67 sanctum, 67 Gaultheria proenmbens, 127 Gum, sweet, 187 Gynandropsispentaphylla,56 Gyromia \'irgmica, 202 II Hackberry, 178 I hirnoilor ici • Hamamelaces, 91 Elamamelii macrophylla, 91 Virginici , B I Hardback, 81 Maw, black, i' I Hawkweed, veiny, 121 Hazel-nut, beaked, 183 Hazel, witch, 91 Heart-seed, 73 Heart's-! MM', 170 FJedeoma pulegioides, 147 Hedera quinquefolia, 75 Helepium autumnale, 1 1 6 llelianthcmum Canadense, 58 coryinhnsum, 58 ramulitlorum, 58 rosmariiiifoliuin, 5S Heliotropicum Lndicum, 153 Hellebore, American, 206 green, 37 Ilejlt horns trifolius, 37 viridis, 37 Helonias clioica, 207 erythrospernia 206 Helosciadium nodillorum, 95 Hemlock, 190 ground, 192 poison, 95 spruce, 190 water, 94 Hemp, Indian, 162 Hemp-weed, 108 round-leaved, 107 Henbane, 156 Hepatica acutiloba, 33 triloba, 33 Heracleum lanatum, 93 Herb Robert, 65 Heritiera Gmelini, 198 Heuchera Americana, 89 acerifoha, 90 caulescens, 90 cortusa, s!' villosa,90 viscida, 89 Hibiscus, marsh, or swamp 62 Virginian, 69 Ilihiscus moscheutos, 62 palustris, 62 Virginicus, 62 Hieracium venosum, 121 Holly, American, 133 dahoon, 133 Honeysuckle, bush, 100 scarlet, 100 trumpet, 100 Hop, common, 1SS Hopea tinctoria, 136 Horehound, 161 water. 146 wild, 107 Horsebalm, 147 Horsetail, field, 208 Horseuiint, 148 HOTMWMd, 110-1 17 Hound'i toagse, l >~ rJockleberry, black] 120 dwarf, lluimilut lupului, ! ■ >re»ccns, 90 eordal volgai Hydrastis Canadensis, 37 llydropcltm purf hi r • Hyoeciramos siger, 156 ll jr pern Ssrotbra, 59 Hyssop, golden hedge, 142 hedge, 1 12 Ictodes fcetidus, 19 4 Ilex angustilbl.-i, 134 cassena, 134 cassine, 134 dnhoon, 134 Hi) rtiluii.t, 134 opaca, 134 vomitoria, 134 Illicebrum polynoides, 169 lllicium floridanum, 41 Impatiens bitlora. lulva, IN maculata, 6S noli tanpere, 68 pallida, 67 Imperatona lucida, 93 Indian physic. 8 I— 82 Indian pipe, 1 32 Indigo, wild, 77 Ink-berry, 136 Inula bdellium, 1 13 lodeodondo guhernadora, 66 Ipecac, American, 82, 161 wild, 17^ Ipomea jalapa, 166 macrorhisa, 155 nil. 1 5 Iridaeea, l!';' Iris cristata, 199 gracilis. 199 hezagoaa, 199 prism itica, 199 verua. 1'.';) \ i rsicolar, 199 Virginica, 199 Iron-weed. 100 Isnardia palustris, ^T Ivy, American, 7."> ground, 160 poison, 70 Jacob's ladder, 164 Jamestown freed, 1 '(; Jeflersoi ia bartoais, linata. 4"i diphylla, 45 Jerusalem oak, 167 218 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Jessamine, yellow, 140 Jewel-weed, 68 Jimson-weed, 156 Joe-Pye weed, 106 Juglandaceae, ISO Juglans cathartica, ISO cinerea, ISO nigra, 180 Juniper, common, 192 •Juniperus communis, 192 Virginiana, 192 K Kalmia angustifolia, 130 cuneata, 130 glauca, 130 hirsuta, 131 latifolia, 129 Kill-lamb, 128 Knob-weed, 147 Knot-grass, 171 Labiatae, 145 Labrador tea, 131 Lacnanthes tinctoria, 198 Lactuca elongata, 121 hirsuta, 122 integrifolia, 122 longifulia, 121 sagittifolia, 122 sanguinea, 122 -Lady's slipper, showy, 197 yellow, 196 Lady's thumb, 170 Lamb kill, 130 Lamiaces, 145 Lappa major, 120 Larrea Mexicana, 66 glutonosa, 66 Larkspur, 37 Lauraceae, 173 Laurel, 129 great, 129 ground, 127 lamb, 130 magnolia, 42 mountain, 129 pale, 130 sheep, 130 swamp, 130 Laurus sassafras, 173 Lavender, sea, 137 Leather-flower, 31 Leather-wood, 174 Lecontia Virginica, 193 Ledum latifolium, 131 palustre, 131 Leek, wild, 204 Leguminosae, 77 Leimanthium Virginicum, 1S5 Leontice thalictroides, 45 Leontodon taraxacum, 122 Leonurus cardiaca, 146 Lepidium Virginicum, 55 Leptandra Virginica, 143 Lettuce, white, 121 wild, 122 Leucanthemum vulgare, 116 Liatris aspera, 105 dubia, 106 gracilis, 105 graminifolia, 106 heterophylla, 105 macrostachya, 105 pilosa, 106 scariosa, 105 spheroidea, 105 spicata, 105 squarrosa, 105 squarrulosa, 105 virgata, 106 Life-everlasting, fragrant, 117 pearly, 117 plantain, 118 Life-root, 119 Ligusticum actaeifolium, 94 Ligustrum vulgare, 164 Liliaceae, 203 Lily of the valley, 203 Lily, water, 48 wild, 48 yellow-pond, 48 Lime-tree, 63 Linaria vulgaris, 141 _ Linden, 63 Lion's foot, 121 Liquidambar asplenifolia, 184 styraciflua, 187 Liquorice, wild, 103 Liriodendron tulipifera, 43 Liverwort, 33 Lizard's tail, 176 Lobeliaceae, 123 Lobelia cardinalis, 123 Claytoniana, 124 infiata, 124 pallida, 124 spicata, 124 syphilitica, 123 Lobelia, pale-spiked, 124 Locust-tree, 77 Loisleuria procumbens, 131 Lonicera diervilla, 100 sempervirens, 100 Loosestrife, 86 Loranthaceae, 175 Ludwigia nitida, 87 palustris, 87 Lungwort, 152 Lychnis githago, 61 Lycopodiaceae, 211 Lycopodium clavatum, 211 selago, 211 tristachyum, 211 Lycopus Americanus, 146 angustifolius, 146 exaltatus, 146 Europeus, 146 pumila, 145 sinuatus, 146 uniflorus, 145 Virginiana, 145 vulgaris, 146 Lythraceae, S6 Lythrum alatum, 86 Lythrum hyssopifolia, 86 hyssopifolium, 86 lanceolatum, S6 salicaria, 86 M Macrotys, 39 Magnoliaceae, 41 Magnolia, laurel, 42 Magnolia acuminata, 42 glauca, 42 grandiflora, 42 macrophylla, 42 tripetala, 42 t umbrella, 42 Maidenhair, .210 Mallow, glade, 62 high, 62 Indian, 62 low, 62 marsh, 62 Malvaceae, 62 Malva rotundifolia, 62 sylvestris, 62 Mandrake, 46 Man of the earth, 154 Maple, red, 72 striped, 71 Marigold, marsh, 36 Marjoram, wild, 146 Marrubium vulgare, 151 Maruta, cotula, 115 Masterwort, 93 May-apple, 46 May-flower, 127 May-weed, 115 Meadow sweet, American, SI Meconopsis diphylla, 50 Medeola Virginica, 202, 205 Melanthacese, 205 Melanthium, 205 muscffitoxicum, 206 Virginicum, 205 Melanthum Virginian, 205 Melia azedarach, 63 Meliaceae, 63 Melothria nigra, 89 pendula, 89 Menispermaceae, 44 Menispermum Canadense, 44 Mentha borealis, 145 Canadensis, 145 piperita, 145 tenuis, 145 viridis, 145 Menyanthes trifoliata, 161 Mercury, three-seeded, ISO Mertensia Virginica, 152 Mexican tea, 16S Milfoil, 116 Milkweed, 163 Mint, Canadian, 145 mountain, 150 wild, 145 Mistletoe, yellow, 175 Mitchella repens, 104 Moccason flower, 196 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 219 Monarda allophylla, 148 clinopodia, 148 coccinea, 148 didyma, 148 listllloN.I, 148 kalmiana, 148 lutea, 1 IS oblongata, 148 punctata, 148 purpurea, 148 rugosa, l is Monkshood, 3S Monopctalic, 100 Monotropa uniflora, 132 Monotropeacea:, 126 Moon-Heed, 44 Moose wood, 174 Motherwort, 151 Moraceoc, 189 Morning glory, blue, 155 Mugwort, common, 1 16 Mulberry, French, I II Mullein, common, 140 moth, 141 white, 141 Mustard, hedge, 55 Myricacete, 183 Myrica Carolinensis, 184 cerifera, 184 gale, 1S3 Pennsylvanica, 184 Myrtle, Dutch, 183 wax, 184 Nabulus albus, 121 Fraseri, 122 Nanny berry, 102 Napaa dioica, 62 Nasturtium hispidum, 53 natans, 53 ollicinale, 53 palustre, 53 Neckweed, 143 Nelumbiaceaj, 47 Nelumhium lutcum, 4S Nelumba, yellow, 48 Neottia pubescens, 196 Nepeta cataria, 149 glechoma, 150 Nervine, 196 Nettle, dwarf, 1S8 great stinging, 1S8 horse, 158 small stinging, 1SS tree, 176 New Jersey tea, 75 Nicotiana ruetica, 156 Nightshade, black, 157 common, 157 woody, 157 Nine bark, SO Nitweed, 59 Noah's ark, 197 Nondo, 93 Nuphar advena, 4S NymphxaceiE, 48 . Nyniphxa advena, 4S Nymphai nlbn, 48 odorata, is Oak, black, i- I pin, 1- : poison, 70 .red, IvJ rock cheatant, 182 Spanish, 1 32 swamp chestnut, 181 swamp Spanish, 183 white, 181 white swamp, 181 (Enothera biennis, 87 crnciata, s~ grauditlora, 87 muricata, 87 parvillora, 67 Oleaceaj, 164 Onagracea;, 87 Onion, wild, 204 Onoclea sensibilis, 21 1 Ophioglossacete, 209 Opuntia vulgaris, 88 Orache, spreading, 168 Orange-root, 68 Orchidace;e, 196 Orchidocarpum arietanum, 44 Origanum vulgare, 146 OrobanchacejB, 138 Orobanche Americana, 138 biflora, 139 uniflora, 139 Virginiana, 138 Orontiacea', 193 Osier, red, 98 Osmunda cinnamomea, 211 regalis, 211 spectabilis, 2 1 1 Oswego tea, 148 Oxalidacex', 65 Oxalis acetosella, 65 stricta, 65 violacea, 65 Oxydendron arborea, 128 Panlerota Virginica, 143 Panax quinquefolium, V~! Pancratium maritimum, 197 Panicum Dactylon, 208 Pansy, 57 Papaveraoesa, 48 Papaw, West Indian, SS Papavacea\ ;^S Pappoose-root, 45 Parsley, fool's, 9 t Parsnip, water, 95 Partridge-berrv, 104, 127 Pavia tiava, 72 hybrida, 72 lutea. 72 Ohioensis, 72 rubra, 72 a, 193 . I 17 Pepper-bosh, . Pepper-root Pepper. Peppermint, I 1 1 ria, » iri/ ite, 1 7 1 •rater, 17 i Pettj ■■ Phthisi ■ Physalis obeenra, 1 S I • .156 pobescer . . IN Pbytolai Phytolacca decandi Pigeon-ben ■ . Piles pumila. Pimpernel, tc irlt • . Pmacea', I 88 Pine, ground, I 1 loblolly, ' d, 190 pitch. 189 prince's, 131 yellow, 190 Pine weed, 59 Pinus Australis, 190 balsamea, 190 Canadensis, 190 palustris, 190 rigida, 189 tsda, 190 Pink, Carolina, 104 fire, 60 Pink, wild, 60 Pinkroot, 104 Pipaisaewa, 131 Plaotaginaeee), 136 Plantago cordata, 137 Kentuckicnsis, 137 l&nceolata, lu7 major, 136 Virginica, 137 Plantain, common, 136 heart-leaved, 137 poor robin's, 1 10 rattlesnake, 196 water. 185 white. Pleurisy-root, 163 Pluchea camphorata, 1 12 Plumbaginacesa, 137 Podalyria tiactoria, 77 Podophyllum diphyllan montanum, 46 pellaluni, 46 Poison oak, Ihll, 70 fly, 206 Poison \ i ne, 70 Poke. 169 Poke. Indian. 206 Polanisia, graveoloos, 56 Polar plant. 1 13 Polemoniacec, i S3 Polemonium reptans. 163 Polygalacee, 75 220 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Polvgala paucifolia, 76 polv^ama, 75 purpurea. 75 rubella. 76 sanguinea, 75 Senega, 75 uniflora, 76 Polvgala, bitter. 76 fringed, 76 Polygonaceae, 170 Polygonum amphibium, 171 aviculare, 171 coccineum, 171 erectum, 171 fluitans, 171 hydropiper, 170 hydropiperoides, 170 Persicaria, 170 punctatum, 170 Tirginianum, 171 Polvsonalum angustifolium, 203 caniculatum, 203 latifolium, 203 multiflorum. M 3 pubescens. 203 Polypodiacea?, 209 Polypodiurn cetaracinum, 209 incanum, 209 vulgare, 209 Pomaceae, SO Poplar, 43, 187 balsam, 1S7 Poppy, prickly, 49 Populus balsamifera, 1S7 candicans, li7 tremuloides, 1S7 Porcelia triloba, 44 Portulacaceae, 61 Portnlacea oleracea, 61 Potatoe Tine, wild, 154 Potentilla Canadensis, S4 .N'orvegica. 54 Pothos fetidus, 194 Prenanthes alba, 121, 122 miamensis, 121 ovata, 121 proteophylla, 121 rubicunda, 122 serpentaria, 121 Pricklv asb, 68, 96 Southern, 68, 96 Prickly pear, 88 Prickly sida, 62 Pride of India. 63 Pride-weed, 110 Prim, 164 Primrose, evening, 87 Primolaceaa, 127 Prinos glaber, 134 Gronovii, 134 lsvigatus, 135 verticillatus. 134 Privet, 164 Prunus Virginiana, SO Tseudo, benzoin, 173 Ptelea trifoliata, 69 Pteris aquilina, 209 caudata, 209 Pterocaulon, pvcnostachyum, 112 Puccoon, 50 yellow, 3S Pulmonaria Virginica, 152 Pulsatilla patens. 33 Purslane, 61, 143 milk, 178 water, 87 Pycnanthemum incanum, 150 Pyrolaceae, 126 Pyrola maculata, 132 rotundifolia, 131 umbellata, 131 Pyrola, round-leaved, 131 Pyrus, Americana, S5 Q Queen's delight, 179 Queen of the prairie, SI Quercitron, 1S2 Quercus alba, 131 ambigua, !82 bicolor, 1S1 elongata, 182 falcata, 182 montana, 182 palustris, 183 prinus, 1S1 discolor, 1S2 Monticola, 1S2 palustris, 181 rubra, 182 tinctoria, 1S2 Rasweed, golden, 119 "tall, 114 Ramsted, 141 Ranunculaceee. 31 Ranunculus, 34 abortivus, 34 acris, 35 bulbosus, 35 Clintoni, 34 Flammula, 34 hispidus, 34 intermedius, 34 Marilandicus, 34 nitidus, 34 Philonotis, 34 prostatus, 34 repens. 34 sceleratus, 34 Rattlesnake's master, 106, 197 Rattlesnake-root, 121 Rattlesnake-weed, 121 Rattleweed, 39 Raspberry, black, 85 wild red, 85 Red rod, 98 Red root, 75, 198 R.enssellaeria Virginica, 193 Rhamnaces, 74 Rhamnus catharticus, 74 Rheumatism-root, 45 Rhododendron maximum, 129 Rhododendron minus, 129 punctatum, 129 Rhus capallina, 70 elegans, 69 glabra, 69 pumila, 70 radicans, 70 toxicodendron, 70 typhina, 69 venenata, 70 vernix, 70 Rib-grass, 137 Rib-wort, 137 Rich-weed, 147, 189 Robinia pseudacacia, 77 Rocket, yellow, 55 Rosaceae, SO Rose bay, 129 Rosemarv, marsh, 137 wild", 12S Rose, rock, 58 Rosin-weed, 113 Rosy Betty, 110 Rubiaceas, 102 Rubus Canadensis, 84 flagellaris, 84 frondosus, S4 fruticosus, 84 Ideeus, S5 occidentalis, S5 procumbens, 84 strigosus, 85 trivialis, S4 viJlosus, 84 Rudbeckia laciniata, 84 purpurea, 84 Rue, goat's, 77 Rumex acetosella, 173 aquaticus, 171 Britannica, 171 crispus, 172 hydrolapathum, 171 obtusifolius, 172 sanguineus, 173 Rush, scouring, 208 Sabbatia angularis, 158 Sage, wild, 149 Sagittaria sagittafolia, 195 variabilis, 195 SalicacesB, 186 Salix ambigua, 186 Caroiiniana, 1S6 conifera, 1S6 crassa, 1S6 eriocephala, 1S6 falcata, 1S6 humilis, 1S6 ligustrina, 1S6 Muhlenbergii, 1S6 nigra, 186 prinoides, 186 Purshiana, 1S6 Salvia lyrata, 149 Sambucus Canadensis, 101 pubens, 101 pubescens, 101 racemosa, 101 ALI'HAIiKTIf'AL IN: 221 Sampson, black, 114 Sanguinaria Canadensis, 50 Sanguisorheaceae, 80 Sanguisorba Canadensis, 83 Sanicula Canadensis, 91 Marilandica, 92 Sanicle, 91-92 Sapindacex, 72 Saponaria officinalis, 60 Sapotacex, 136 Sarothra gentianoides, 59 hypericordes, 59 Sarraceniacea;, 49 Sarracenia Catesbei, 49 flava, 49 variolaris, 49 Sarsaparilla, wild, 96 yellow, 44 Sassafras, 173 Sassafras officinale, 173 Satyrium repens, 196 Saururacex, 176 Saururus cernuus, 176 Saxifragacea?, 89 Scabious, sweet, 110-111 Scabish, 87 Schubertia disticha, 191 Scirpus acutus, 207 lacustris, 207 palustris, 207 validus, 207 Scrophulariaceae, 140 Scrophularia, Americana, 141 lanceolata, 141 Marilandica, 141 nodosa, 141 Scutellaria Carolinians, 150 hyssopifolia, 150 integrifolia, 150 lateriflora, 151 Senecio aureus, 1 19 balsamitae, 119 hieracifolius, 119 obovatus, 119 Senna, American, 78 wild, 78 Sericocarpus torlifolius, 109 Serratula scariosa, 105 spicata, 105 squamosa, 105 Serpentaria, 166 seven bark, 90 Sheep poison, 130 Shell-flower, 142 Shepherd's purse, 55 Shield, water, 47 Shin-leaf, 131 Shot-bush, 96 Sickle-pod, 54 Sicyos angulatus, S9 Sida abutilon, 62 dioica, 62 spinosa, 62 Sideroxylon lycioides, 136 Side-saddle flower, 49 Silene Caroliniana, 60 Catesbei, 61 Pennsylvania, 60 Virginica, 61 Silkweed, common, 163 16 Silkweed, flesh-colored, 103 iwamp, 163 Silphium connatum, 114 gumriulVrum, I 13 Iftciniston, 1 13 perforatum, 1 14 terebinthinaceurn, 113 Simpler's joy, 144 Sisymbrium arabdoides, 54 dentatum, M hispidum, 53 nasturtium, 53 officinale, 55 palustre, 53 Sisyrinchium anceps,200 Bermudian mucronatum, 200 Sium nodiflorum, 95 Skull-cap, entire leaved, 150 mad dog, 151 Skunk cabbage, 194 Sloe, 102 Smartweed, 170 Smilacea?, 200 | Smilacina racemosa, 203 Smilax glauca, 201 panduratus, 200 pseudo-china, 201 sarsaparilla, 201 tamnoides, 200 Snake-head, 142 Snakeroot, black, 39, 91-92 button, 92, 105, 106 Sampson's, 160 Seneca, 76 white, 10S Virginia, 166 Snake's milk, 177 Snapdragon, 141 Sneeze-wort, 1 15 Snowdrop-tree, 165 Soapwort, 60, 159 Solanacea;, 155 Solanum Carolinense, 15S dulcamara, 157 mammosum, 15S nigrum, 157 Virginianum, 15S Solidago odora, 112 retrarsa, 112 rigida, 111 Solomon's seal, great, 203 smaller. 203 Sonchus oleraceus, 123 Sophora alba. 7> tinctoria, 77 Sorbus American.i. aucuparia, So Sorrel, field, 173 sheep, 173 common, wood. 88 violet, wood, 66 yellow, wood, 66 • Sorrel-tree, 198 Sourwood. l'-S Spatterdock. 4S ' Spearmint, 145 Spearwort, 34 Speedwell, 143 Spice-weed, 174 Spigelia Marilandica, 104 S;,ik»-n II fale Spind U Spirat-a lol>»t opulifolia. •tipulacea, 81 t'im»-nifi« trilbliaU, 81 Spurge, flowering, 177 large-spotted, 179 petty, 177 ■potted, 178 ■un, 177 warlwort, 177 Squaw-root, 39.45, 11? 139 Squirrel corn, 52 Staff-tree, 73 Stagger-bush, 128 Stargrass, 193 Starwortwater, 176 Statice Carolinians, 137 limoneum, 137 Steeple-bush, -1 Stillingia sylvalica, 179 Stink-weed, 56 St. Johnswort, 59 Stonemint, H** Stoneroot, 147 St. Peterswort, 59 Stramonium, 156 Strawberry-tree, 74 Strawberry, wild. >4 Stylophorum diphvllum, 50 petiolatum, 50 Styptic- weed, 79 Sty races, 135 Succory, wild. 120 Sugarberry, 176 Sumach, mountain, 70 poison. 70 smooth, 69 stagshorn, 69 Sunde ■ Sweat-root, 154 Sweet-bay, 41 Sweet-gam, l s7 Sweet-ieai", 136 Symphitum orficinile, Symplocarpus faudus, 195 Tacamahac, 181 Tanacetum Tulgare, 116 Tangle, blue, 124 Tansy, 1 16 Taraxacum dens-leon* Target, water. 47 Taxodium distichum, 191 Taxus baceata. 192 Canadens:s, 192 minor, 192 Teabern , 127 Now Jersc Tecoma capreolata, 139 Tephrosia Virginians, 77 222 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Teucrium Chamspitys, 152 Thaspium actasifolium, 94 Thimble-weed, 115 Thistle, low, 123 Thlaspi bursa-pastoris, 55 Thornapple, 156 Thoroughwort, 107 Thuja occidentalis, 191 Thymeliaceae, 174 Tickweed, 147 Tiliaces, 63 Tilia Americana, 63 Canadensis, 63 glabra, 63 Tinkers-weed, 100 Toadflax, 141 Tobacco, Indian, 124 wild, 156 Toothache-root, 54 Touch-me-not, 67 Travellers joy, 31 Trefoil marsh, 161 shrubby, 69 Trillium cernuum, 201 erectum, 201 erythrocarpum, 201 grandiflorum, 201 pendulum, 201 pictum, 201 recurvatum, 202 rhomboideum, 201 sessile, 201 Trillium, large white-flow- ered, 201 Trillium, nodding, 201 painted, 201 purple, 201 Triosteum angustifolium, 101 majus, 100 minus, 101 perfoliatum, 100 Triticum repens, 208 Trollius Americanus, 36 laxus, 36 Tulip-tree, 43 Turmeric root, 38 Turnip, Indian, 193 Turrites levigata, 54 Tussilago farfara, 109 Twin leaf, 45 U Ulmacea?, 175 Ulmus fulva, 175 rubra, 175 Umbelliferae, 91 Umbrella-tree, 42 Unicorn root, 207 Urticaceae, 188 Urtica Canadensis, 1S9 dioica, 1S8 pumila, 189 urens, 188 Uvaria triloba, 44 Uvularia grandiflora, 205 major, 205 perfoliata, 205 sessilifolia, 205 Vaccinacea?, 126 Vaccinium arboreum, 126 dumosum, 125 frondosum, 126 glaucum, 126 Pennsylvanicum, 126 resinosum, 126 stamineum, 126 tenellum, 126 Valerianace®, 104 Valeriana pauciflora, 104 sylvatica, 105 Valerian, Greek, 153 wild, 104-105, 119 Velvet leaf, 62 Veratrum luteum, 207 viride, 206 Verbascum Blattoria, 141 Claytoni, 141 lychnitis, 141 Thapsus, 140 Verbenacea?, 144 Verbena hastata, 144 pomiculata, 144 urticifolia, 144 Verbesina Virginica, 114 Vernonia fasciculata, 105 frealta, 105 noveboracensis, 105 Veronica Americana, 143 officinalis, 143 peregrina, 143 Virginica, 143 Vervain, blue, 144 nettle-leaved, 144 Viburnum dentatum, 102 Lentago, 102 prunifolium, 102 pyrifolium, 102 Viburnum, sweet, 102 Violaceae, 56 Viola affinis, 57 arvensis, 57 bicolor, 57 cuculata, 57 digitata, 57 heterophylla, 57 obliqua, 57 ovata, 57 palmata, 57 papilionaceae, 57 pedata, 57 Pennsylvanica, 57 pubescens, 57 sagittata, 56 sororia, 57 tenella, 57 tricolor, 57 Violet, arrow-leaved, 56 dog's tooth, 204 field, 57 hood-leaved, 57 palmate, 57 pedate, 57 yellow, 57 Virgin's bower, 31 curled, 32 Viscum album, 175 Viscum flavescens, 175 verticillatum, 175 Vitacea?, 75 Vitis quinque folia, 75 W Wahoon, 74 Walnut, black, 180 white, ISO Wake Robin, 193 Wax-work, 73 White-weed, 111, 116 White-wood, 43, 63 White-root, 94 Wild cherry, 80 Willow, black, 186 cone, 186 low, 186 silky-headed, 186 Willow herb, purple, S6 purple-veiued, 86 Wind-flower, 33 Wind-root, 163 Wind-weed, 163 Winterberry, 134 smooth, 135 Winter-green, 127 spotted, 132 Witch hazel, 91 Wolfsbane. 38 Wood sorrel, common, 65 violet, 66 yellow, 66 Wormseed, 167 Wormwood, biennial, 116 Canada, 116 common, 116 Yam, wild, 200 Yarrow, 116 Yaw-root, 179 Yellow-root, 38 shrubby, 38 Yew, American, 192 Yucca filamentosa, 204 Zanthorrhiza apiifolia, 38 Zanthoxylaceae, 68 Zanthoxylum Americanum, 68 Carolinianum, 68 Clava Herculis, 68 fraxineum, 68 fraxinifolium, 68 ramiflorum, 68 tricarpum, 68 ZygophyllaceE, 66 o Date blued "£>ut^ Ol.'.tWUU'il ■ 1 ^•B-*