TORONTO II Illll 74608 / n g^ ERSITY 0 UNIV IIIIIII 176 "" CO Swangjfr-H#: Kirke A 'i^ynop-tical list of the acci- pitres QL 696 F3S93 1919 PT.3 C 1 RMFD riTii I ARBOR I Presented to the LIBRARY of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO by R.O.M, Library PART III -JANUARY 20, 1920. PRICE 41- A SYNOPTICAL LIST OF THE AOOIPITEES (Diurnal Birds of Prey) PART in. (Herpetotheres to Pernis) Comprising described Species and Subspecies, with their Characters and Distribution BY H. KIRKE SWANN, F.Z.S. Corresponding Fellow of Amer. Orn. Union. LONDON : JOHN WHELDON & CO., 38, Great Queen Street. KiNGSWAY, W.C.2. 1920. OHT SYNOPTICAL LIST OF THE ACCIPITRES (DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY) PART III. Gen. LIII. HERPETOTHERES Vieill. (1817). Tarsus bare on lower portion, reticulated in front ; bill with upper mandible slightly festooned ; nostrils circular with osseous margins ; wings short. Length (J (Ecuador) 16 in. ; wing 10.25 ; tail 8 in. ; $ wing 11-11.20 in. ; above brown ; head crested, crown huffish white with brown shaft streaks ; hind part of face and broad nuchal band black ; fore cheek, side of neck, collar round hind neck and entire under parts huffish white ; upper tail-coverts creamy buff ; tail dark brown, with 4 creamy buff bands in the form of pairs of oval spots not extending quite across webs. 206. Herpetotheres cachinnans cachinnans (Linn.), S.N., i., p. 90 (1758). [" America meridioyialis " = type loc. subst. Surinam Berlepsch.] Laughing Hawk. Smaller and more richly coloured ; below nearly uniform deeper buff ; head deeper buff ; wing (J 10 in. 206a. Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens Chapm., Bull. Am. Mus. N.H., xxxiv., p. 638 (1915). [Alto Bonito, R. Sucio, W. Colomb.] [Not seen.] 206b. Herpetotheres cachinnans chapmani Bangs & Penard, Bull. M.C.Z., Ixii., pp. 25- (1918). From Bolivia and Paraguay N. to South Mexico. W. Colombia, (Pacific side of Andes), Mexico. 76 Gen. LIV. DRYOTRIORCHIS Shelley (1874) Tarsus bare on lower portion ; nostrils perpendi- cular ovals ; head with a short crest of lanceolate feathers ; wings short. Length ad. 22.5 ; wing 11.9 in. ; above dark brown ; nape and scapulars with white bases to the feathers ; quills brown, barred with darker brown, the inner webs white ; tail with 6 blackish bands ; below white ; fawn colour on throat and chest, the former with a black central stripe ; chest and breast with black spot on tip of each feather, becom- ing bars on flanks and thighs ; vent and under tail-coverts with spots of rufous. 207. Dryotriorchis spectabilis spectabilis (Schl.), Neder. Tijdschr. Dierk., i., p. 131, pi. 6 (1863). [St. George Elmina, Gold Coast, type in Leyd. Mus.] Beautiful Wood-Hawk. W. Africa (Gold Coast) Wing (J 11.5 in. ; chest uniform creamy white, without the large black spots (except in immature birds). 201 Q,. Dryotriorchis spectabilis batesi Sharpe, Ibis, Cameroon, 191/4, pp. 601-2. [Efulen, Cameroon, type in Gaboon, in Brit. Mus.] Congo Bates's Wood-Hawk. Region. Gen. LV. EUTRIORCHIS Sharpe (1875). Wings remarkably short, not extending much beyond base of tail ; tail elongated ; head with a short crest. Above brown, tail with about 8 blackish bars ; below white narrowly banded with black ; throat and chest ashy. 208. Eutriorchis astur Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1875, p. 73, Madagascar, pi. xiii. [S. Madagascar, type in Brit. Mus.] Madagascar Serpent -Eagle. Gen. LVI. CIRCAETUS Vieill. (1816). Tarsus reticulated ; head with a short crest as in Dryotriorchis ; wings long. 77 209. 210. 211 Size large ; length $ 31 in. ; wing 21 .3 ; c? 26 in. ; wing 19.65 ; above dark brown, with a purplish gloss, head and wing-coverts paler ; forehead and face whitish, with lines of black ; secondaries barred with darker brown and with a broad subterminal band ; quills black ; tail tipped with white and with 3 blackish bands ; below white, throat and chest heavily striped and flanks and abdomen barred with brown ; juv. below pale earthy brown, abdomen white, spotted and barred with brown ; tail with 4 darker bands. Circaetus gallicus (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 259 (1788). [France.'] Short -toed Eagle. Size similar ; wing $ 22.25-22.50 in. ; above brownish black ; secondaries and wing- coverts barred with ashy grey ; upper tail- coverts tipped and barred with white ; tail ashy brown with 4 blackish bands ; chest blackish ; throat white, streaked with blackish ; below white ; juv. tawny below. Circaetus pectoralis Smith, S. Afr. Q.J., Ser. 1, 1830, p. 109. [S. Africa.] Black-breasted Snake-Eagle. Size nearly the same ; wing? 22 in. ; bill much deeper, upper mandible from ridge to gonys, measured through anterior edge of nostril, 23 mm. as against 19 mm. in G. pectoralis ; tarsi also much stouter ; whole under parts uniform blackish brown ; immature brown below with white markings, not white with brown markings as in C. pectoralis. Circaetus cinereus VieilL, N.D., xxiii., p. 445 (1818). [Senegal, type in Paris Mus.] Black-bellied Snake -Eagle . S. Europe N. to France, Germany, C. Russia ; N.E. Africa, C. Asia to N. China ; India.* S. Africa to to E. Tropical Africa. E. & W. Tropical Africa to S. Africa. * C. hypoletuius (Pall.) must be regarded as a synonym. Apart from the fact that it was described from S. Russia, the white bellied birds do not constitute a form. Examples from India and Africa with the white under parts are counterbalanced by examples from the same regions as dark below as typical birds. The white-bellied birds are evidently younger examples. 78 Size similar ; length $ 32 in. ; wing 20.5 in. ; above paler ; throat and chest ashy brown, the throat varied with white bases to the feathers; below white broadly banded with ashy brown. 212. Circaetus beaudouinii Verr. et Des Murs, Ibis, 1862, p. 212. [Bissao, Portug. Ouinea, types in Norw. & Brit. Mus.] Beaudouin's Snake-Eagle. Portuguese Guinea ; Senegambia. 213. Smaller ; length ad. 25 in. ; wing 14.6 in. ; above blackish, browner on head, with pale whitish margins to all the feathers, including the wing quills, which are barred with blackish, the secondaries also with a broad subterminal band ; tail ashy brown, tipped with white, and with 4 black bands ; throat and chest fulvous brown ; below white, barred with dark brown. Circaetus fasciolatus Gray, Cat. Acciptr. B.M., p. 18 (1848) {nom. nud.) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1861, p. 130. [Natal.-] Banded Snake-Eagle. Natal. 214. Size similar, wing? 16.1,cJ 15 in. ; above grey ; tail whitish, shaded and tipped with pale brown, and with broad blackish subterminal band and 2 narrower bands near base ; below ashy brown, shaded with grey, the abdomen and thighs barred with white. Circaetus cinerascens Mull., Naum. 1851, heft iv., p. 27. [Sennar, Egypt. Sudan.] Cinereous Snake -Eagle. Tropical Africa, E. to W. Length 25.60 ; wing 16.20 ; tail 9.90 ; throat and chest with black shaft stripes. [Not seen.] 215. Circaetus rufulus Reichenow, Orn. M.B., xiii., pp. 179-80 (1905). [Songea, German E. Afr.] " German " E. Africa. Gen. LVII. PITHECOPHAGA Ogilvie Grant (1896). Bill very deep and much compressed, ridge of culmen much curved ; nostrils a vertical slit ; lores and cheeks covered with bristles only ; head with a crest of long lanceolate feathers ; feet very powerful ; tarsi mostly naked, with a row of large scutes down front ; wings short and rounded ; tail very long. 79 216. Length 33 in. ; wing 20.5 ; tail 15 in. ; above rich brown, with paler margins to the feathers, especially on head, where they are whitish buff ; tail dark brown with about 4 darker bands ; below creamy white, the thighs and flank feathers with reddish brown shaft stripes. Pithecophaga jefferyi Ogilvie Grant, Bull. B.O.C., vi.,p.xvii.(Dec.30, 1896); id., Ibis, 1897, p. 214, pi. V. [Samar, Philipp. Is.] Philippine Monkey -Eagle. Philippine Islands. Gen. LVIII. SPILORNIS Gray (1840). Crest feathers of head rounded, not lanceolate ; face bare with only a few short bristles. Length? (Himalayas) 30 ; wing 19.50-21 in. ; cJ (Simla, N.W. Himalayas) length 27.50, wing 20.1 in. ; wings reaching beyond median pale band on tail ; above purplish brown ; head and crest black with white bases ; wing- coveits with small spots of white ; secon- daries broadly and upper tail-coverts narrowly tipped with white ; tail black with a very broad median band of brownish white ; throat, hind cheeks and ear-coverts blackish brown ; below pale ochraceous brown ; chest with transverse vermiculations of dark brown; breast and belly with spots of white (bordered with dark brown), becoming bars on thighs and under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts pale rufous ; outer primaries white below with terminal black band about 4 in. wide and one median blackish band, also slight remains of a second band near base. 217. Spilornis cheela cheela (Lath.), Ind. Orn,, i., p. 14 (1790). [" India " = Lucknow, apud W. L. Sclat.] Crested Serpent -Eagle. Smaller, tarsi more slender and feet smaller ; wing(^ (S. India) 16 in. ; (Centr. Prov.) 17.25 in. ; (Assam) 17-17.50 in. ; wing $ (Assam) 17 in., (Centr. Prov.) 18.25-18,75 in. ; above darker ; throat less blackish, much browner, but with blackish shaft stripes ; much darker Himalayas (Kashmir to Nepal) ; in winter to N. India. 80 below ; chest darker and warmer brown, uniform in oldest birds * ; white spots below similar ; tail more often with median pale band nearer apical end and narrower, with remains of a second basal one, the terminal black band about 2 in. wide ; primaries below usually showing 2 distinct black median bands ; the terminal one narrower and often broken ; under wing-coveits rufous brown spotted with white, the greater ones ashy. 217a. Spilornis cheela albidus (Temm.), PI. Col., i., E., C. & S. pi. 19 (1824). [Ex Cuv., Pondicherry, type India, from in Paris Mus.] Assam to Lesser Serpent -Eagle. Travancore. Slightly smaller, and wings shorter ; wing (J 14.60-14.75 in. ; throat and cheeks and ear- coverts ashy brown ; tail as in S. c. albidus ; chest and upper breast always uniform darker brown in adults ; primaries below with only one blackish median band. 217b. Spilornis cheela spilogaster Blyth, Jnl. As. Ceylon. Soc. Beng., xxi., p. 351 (1852). [Ceylon.] Ceylon Serpent -Eagle. Wing c? 17-18 in.; ? 17.25-18.25 in.f larger and much paler above and below ; with the hind cheeks and ear-coverts ashy ; thioat as pale as chest, but tinged with ashy and, like chest, finely vermiculated ; white * Vermiculated in less old birds, which are much lighter below ; in considering this difficult group it should always be remembered that these birds certainly darken with age. Temminck described nlbidiis from a quite juvenile bird, huffish white below with streaks and spots of dark brown. The dark \miform chest is a sign of age like the single pale tail band, but the typical S. c. cheela is a pale race and does not usually acquire the uniform chest ; although it always gets the single tail band. As we get away from the typical race these characters vary, albidus generally getting the uniform chest, but not often being found with the purely black tail and single band. The northern forms are the largest and the southern smallest and more variable in the characters mentioned ; also often, but not always, the darkest. The moult is from the pale juvenile plumage straight into the brown under parts with vermiculated chest and white spotted under parts, although the brown comes out in the form of bars towards the vent gradually dividing the white interspaces first into partial bars and then rounding them off into spots. The vermiculations in some forms are lost later as the chest darkens and becomes uniform. •j- Measurement of a skin from Shan States in coll. Brit. Mus. Burmese birds vary considerably in size, but it is impossible to place these large birds with S. c. rutherfordi from Hainan, especially as the throat is different. 81 spots below rounded and less distinct, the darker margins much paler ; primaries below as in S. c. cheela, but black terminal band not more than 3 in. wide ; under wing-coverts rufous with white spots, the outer edge white. 217c. Spilornis cheela burmanicus subsp. nov. [(J Jobin, Thayetmyo, Burma, Mar. 5, 1905, in coll. H. K. Swann, and examples in coll. Br. Mus.] Burmese Serpent -Eagle. Smaller ; wing (ex. from Hainan, Tring Mus.) ? 16-17 in., S 15.50-16.25 in. ; throat slaty Ibrown to dusky. 217d. Spilornis cheela rutherfordi Swinh., Ibis, 1870, p. 85. [Central Hainan.'] Hainan Serpent -Eagle. Wing (ad. unsexed) 16.25-16.75 ; much paler above and below ; wings strongly shaded with grey ; sides of head slate grey ; throat uniform with chest, which is pale ashy brown, slightly vermiculated ; chest also sparingly spotted with white like the lower parts ; tail brownish black, with brownish white median band and remains of a basal one ; primaries with one black median band below, besides terminal one ; under wing-coverts rufous, with white spots, outer edges white. 217e. Spilornis cheela floweri, subsp. nov. [ad. un- sexed, Tahkaman,M.3,T. 19, 1897, and Chanta- boon, July 1896, S. S. Flower, B.M. coll., Nos. 97.9.1.1 and 97.9.1.2.] Siamese Serpent -Eagle. " Resembling S. c. cheela, but with upper parts somewhat paler ashy brown, with a purplish gloss, below dusty ashy ; transverse banding on breast indistinct, often not noticeable ; throat never black, but like the breast, cheeks and ear-coverts grey, not black ; slightly smaller wings " [18-19.25 in.]. 217f . Spilornis cheela ricketti W. Sclat ., Bull. B.O.C., xl., p. 37 (1919). [(? Yamakan, FokienProv., type in B.M. coll.] Chinese Serpent -Eagle. Burma, N. to Upper Burma and Shan States, S. to Tavoy, at least, in Tenasserim. Hainan I. ; Indo China ? Siam. S. China to Upper Burma (Chindwin dist.) 82 Nearly as large as S. cheela cheela ; length (^ 27 in. ; wing 18.5-19 in., tail 13 in. ; darker above and below ; tail with the central pale band narrower ; throat and ear- coverts blackish brown ; chest nearly uniform brown, but showing vermiculations in some (less old) birds ; below darker and more cinnamon brown ; wing-coverts darker and browner ; primaries below with black areas much increased and little white. 21 7g, Spilornis cheela hoya Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, Formosa, p. 304. [Formosa.'] Formosan Serpent -Eagle. Smaller ; wings reachmg to middle of pale tail band ; wing (Brit. Mus. ex.) (J 13.75-15 in. (northern largest) ? 14.50-15 in. ; $ (type Pahang) 14.60 in. ; above dark brown ; wing- coverts sparingly marked with minute spots of white ; secondaries not visibly tipped with white ; tail with median brownish white band about 2 in. wide and irregular narrow basal one [in oldest birds base only brownish], the 2 black bands about 1 .50 in. wide ; throat and cheeks and ear-coverts slate brown * ; below darker, browner and duller than S. c. rutherfordi ; fore neck and chest nearly uniform with only slight traces of vermicula- tions ; white spots on breast and abdomen broader, larger and more regular, in the form of remains of transverse bars ; under wing- covert rufous brown, with very large spots of white, edge of wing white ; primaries below with the median black markings con- centric on inner webs instead of forming bands, the terminal black and subterminal white bands about 2.25 in. wide. * Malacca birds usually have the subterminal tail band whiter, throat and hind cheeks greyer, and are lighter below : chest fulvous to brown, either uniform or slightly vermiculated (less old birds). Although examples from various parts of the Malayan peninsula vary I think it best to make one race for the whole peninsula, and I have vmited with it the Sumatran birds which occur not only in the lighter plumage described, but in a much darker plumage, approaching the Javan form {S. c. hido), although a trifle smaller and with the throat paler and greyer ; the tail, under wing-coverts and under surface of primaries are similar to those of S. c. hido however. Had it not been for the occurrence of this dark race in Perak and of the lighter Malay race in Sumatra it would be necessary to separate the Sumatran form. 83 21 7h. Spilornis cheela malayensis* subsp. no v. [$ Malay Eaub, Pahang, " alt. 400 " ; June 28, 1903, Peninsula ; W. H. Craddock, in coll. H. K. Swann] Sumatra. [=S. bacha; auct. plur.] Malayan Serpent -Eagle. Slightly larger ; wing $ 15.50 ; darker gene- rally (clove brown) ; wing-coverts heavily spotted with white, secondaries scarcely tipped ; tail black with one broad pale median band, the base dark brown ; throat, cheeks and ear-coverts blackish ; chest uniform clove brown, without vermiculations ; under wing-coverts usually blackish slate with white spots ; white spots below irregular and only forming bars on under tail-coverts ; primaries below with 2 black bands besides terminal one, coalescing on inner primaries, the white areas much reduced. 217i. Spilornis cheela bido Horsf ., Tr. Linn. Soc, Java xiii., p. 137 (1822). [Java, type in Br. Mus ] Javan Serpent -Eagle. " Resembling S. c. bido of Java, but with more white on underside of wing quills and the black not so well defined ; a rich umber brown nape band formed by tips of black crest feathers on lower edge of crest, having conspicuous tips of that colour ; tail band broader and purer white, not merely pale brown as in 8. c. bido ; throat quite black." 217k. Spilornis cheela kinabaluensis W . Sclat., Bull. Borneo (Mts. B.O.C., xl., p. 37 (1919). [Mt. Kinabalu, Kinabalu & type in B.M.] Dulit). Smaller ; lengthcJ21 in. ; wing 14 in. ; much paler brown above, especially on wing-coverts, but bastard wing conspicuously black ; head and crest jet black ; tail black, with median band brownish white ; upper wing-coverts with spots of white ; under wing-coverts rufous spotted with white ; cheeks, ear- coverts, chin and throat grey ; chest uniform * The name hacha cannot stand for Malayan birds. It was described from Le Vaillant who claimed it as a S. African bird erroneously and it is now impossible to say to what race it properly applies. Gnrney thought Le Vaillant's plate more like the Malaccan bird, but considered the name would be best discarded {Ibis, 1878, p. 100). In any case it is predated by bassus Forster (1798), an equally doubtfxil name. 84 Borneo (low countrj'-, Sarawak to Sandakan). brown ; primaries below with the white subterminal band about 3 in. wide ; below tawny witn white spots. 2171. Spilornis cheela pallidus Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 363, [Sarawak.] Bornean Serpent -Eagle. Smaller and much paler (especially on wing- coverts) than S. c. pallidus ; tail shorter and light band narrower ; wing (Nias T.) ad. 11.6- 12 in. ; tail 7.5 in. ; (Bunguran I.) wing ? 12 in. ; chest uniform (pale ashy brown in Bun- guran I. birds and throat grey) ; head and bands on wings and tail black not brownish as in S. c. minimus. 217m. Spilornis cheela salvadorii Berl., Nov. Zool., ii., p. 73 (1895). [Nias Is., co-type in Tring Mus.] Salvadori's Serpent -Eagle. Larger ; wing (J 14.25 in. ; similar to last form, but very pale below ; much paler than S. c. pallidus of Borneo. 217n. Spilornis cheela siihs'p.'^ [c^c^Triomate, Yaye- yema, S. Loo Choo Is., Jime 16 and 19, in coll. Tring Mus.] [=^S. pallidus Ogawa, Annot. Zool. Japon., v. 4, p. 213, 1905.] Very small and pale form compared with S. cheela cheela, wing ^ 11.50; $ 11.75; head and crest (shorter) blackish brown instead of black ; tail with the terminal and median bands dusky brown instead of black, the subterminal and basal bands light brown ; throat and chest pale fulvous brown without vermiculations ; bands on primaries below as well as tips dusky brown instead of black. 217o. Spilornis cheela minimus Hume, Stray Feath., Nicobar i., p. 464 (1875). [Kamorta, Nicobar Is., tjrpe Islands in Br. Mus.] (Kamorta, Nicobar Serpent -Eagle. Trinkut, Katchal, Little Nicobar). * I have united the Bunguran I. birds (Tring Mus,) with, salvadorii as they agree so well in size, although a little paler, and are certainly not pallidu't. There is no connecting link between these and the Nias I. birds, however. Nias I. (W. Sumatra) ; Bunguran I. (N.W. of Borneo).* Loo Choo Is. S. of Japan. 85 Larger ; wing 9 15.25-16.25 in. ; throat ashy ; chest pale ashy brown finely vermiculated ; below tawny, the white spots rounded, becoming bars on thighs ; tail with the pale band, but a distinct basal one brown. 217p. Spilornis cheela davisoni Hume, Stray Feath., i., p. 307 (1873). [8. Andaman /.,' type in Br. Mus.] Andaman Serpent -Eagle. Andaman Islands. 217q. " Perhaps closest to the Andaman race [S. c. davisoni) but distinguished by the richness of its colouring and its breast being marked with narrow transverse bands of dusky and rufous brown --these bands often extend- ing on to the throat " ; wing a v. 15.40 in. Spilorfiis cheela palawanensis W. 8c\B,t., Bull. Palawan I. B.O.C., xL, p. 38 (1919). [? Palawan, ty^ in B.M.] 217r. Smaller; length (J 19.75-21.50 ; wing 13- 14.25 in. ; $ length 19.50-22.10 in. ; wing 12.50-14.20 in. ; bend of wing mottled instead of uniform white or yellowish white ; tibial plumes spotted instead of barred. [Doubt- ful form ; not seen, and characters given quite insufficient ; probably identical with Sumatran bird.] Spilornis cheela abbotti Richm., Pr. TJ.S.N. Mus., xxvi., pp. 492-3 (1903). [Simalur /.] Abbott's Serpent -Eagle. Simalur Island, W. Sumatra. 218. Length ad. 22.5 ; wing 15.6 in. ; very dark form ; above and below dark clove brown ; wing-coverts and wings with minute white spots ; ta 11 with subterminal band brown and narrow ; the basal one brown but indistinct ; the terminal and median bands black ; below with white spots distinct, rounded, and continued up to throat. Spilornis elqini"^ Tytler, J. As. Soc. Beng., xxxii., p. 87 (1863). [S. Andaman /.] Elgin's Serpent -Eagle. Andaman Is. Nicobar Is. * The oeourrenoe of this bird along with a form of s. cheela cheela proves it to be a good species, apart from its very distinctive coloration and markings. 86 219. Length (^ 17.6, wing 13.3 in. ; head black ; above purplish brown, upper tail-coverts tipped with white ; wing quills with broad subterminal band of purplish brown and banded with dark brown below ; tail tipped with white and with broad blackish subter- minal band and 2 less distinct ones nearer base ; face and throat bluish ash ; chest uniform dull rufous ; below rufous brown with large spots and bars of white. Spilornis rufipectus rufipectiis Gould, P.Z.S., Celebes. 1857, p. 222. [Macassar, type in Brit. Mus.] Celebes Serpent -Eagle. Length, nearly ad., 18.5 ; wing 12.2 jn. ; more closely banded and spotted below. 219a. Spilornis rufipectus raja Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C., Borneo i., p. Iv. (1893). [Kuching, type in Brit. (Sarawak). Mus.] Bornean Serpent -Eagle. Length 5 18, wing 12.1 in. ; (J length 17 in. ; wing 12.2 in. ; rufous of chest paler. 219b. Spilornis rufipectus sulaensis Schl., Vog. Ned. Valkvog., p. 38, pi. 23 ; figs. 4-6 (1866). [Sula Is., type in Leyd. Mus.] Sula Serpent-Eagle. Larger ; wing $ 13.50-14.5 in. ; above pale brown, with a purplish gloss, the feathers irregularly spotted with white at tips ; inter- scapulary region with pale rufous tips and large rounded white spots ; head and crest ashy black, spotted with white, and with rufous margins ; tail with broad median and subterminal blackish bands ; face and throat ashy grey ; rest of under parts pale tawny rufous, ocellated with spots and half bars of white. 220. Spilornis holospilus holospilus Vigors, P.Z.S., 1831, p. 96. [^ear Manila.] Philippine Serpent -Eagle. Wing $ 12.50 ; very much paler, especially below, without the rufous shade on breast and belly. Sula Islands, Philippine Is. (Luzon, Cebu, Mindanao, Basilan.) 87 220a. Spilornis holospilus panayensis Steere, List Philippine Birds, etc., Philipp., p. 7 (1890). [Panay, Is. (Panay Philipp. Is., type in Br. Mus.] Gaimares, 8teere's Serpent -Eagle. Negros.) Lengthc^ 17.10 in. ; wing 10.15 in. ; tail 6.50 in. ; above drab colour, with a slight coppery sheen ; ear -coverts and cheeks grey ; some of wing -feathers with narrow white tips and top of head and occipital feathers black ; tail with 2 light bars ; throat white with grey median stripe ; breast buffy wood brown, becoming much paler on abdomen ; un- spotted. [Not seen.]* 221. Spilornis klossi Richm., Pr. U.S.N. Mus., Great XXV., pp. 304-5 (1902). [Gt. Nicobar /.] Nicobar Kloss's Serpent -Eagle. Island. Gen. LIX. KAUPIFALCO Bp. (1854). [= Asturinula, auct. plur.] Size small ; head not crested ; nostrils circular ; tarsi unfeathered, transversely plated in front. Length $ 13.5 ; wing 9.5 in. ; (^ length 12, wing 8.9 in. ; above slate grey, lighter on head ; primaries blackish, tipped with white ; rump black ; lower upper tail-coverts white ; tail black, tipped with white and with a median band of white ; throat white with central stripe of blackish ; chest ashy grey ; below white, finely barred with ashy brown. 222. Kaupifalco monogrammicus monogrammicus (Temm.), PI. Col., i., pi. 314 (1824). [Senegal.] One-lined Hawk. Tropical Western, Central & E. Africa. Smaller ; wing $ 8.50 ; bands below much broader and darker, especially on the thigh feathers ; white band on tail much narrower ; white of throat more extensive and dark throat stripe narrower. * From the measurements, pale coloration, and locality this might be assumed to be an immature example of s. c. minimus. One other form of Spilornis, S. asturinus Meyer (S. B. Ges., Isis, Dresden, p. 13, 1884, Pair, ign.) I do not know the relations or distribution of, and so cannot place. 88 222a. Kaupifalco monogrammicus meridionalis Hartl., P.Z.S., 1860, p. 109. [Ambriz, Am type in Br. Mus.] Southern One-lined Hawk. S. Africa, Damaraland to Angola oii W. and to Nyasaland. Gen. LX. BUTASTUR Hodgs. (1843). [Head not crested], nostrils oval, with a superior membrane. Length $ 18.5 ; wing 12.2 in. ; S length 16 ; wing 11.7 in. ; above pale rufous browTi (with darker shaft -stripes), darker on head ; nape mostly white ; wing-coveits paler and varied with white ; tail tipped with buffy white, and with 6 or 7 nearly obsolete black- ish bars, the subterminal broadest ; throat yellowish white, with a line of black each side and down centre ; breast pale lufous brown with yellowish white bars ; abdomen nearly uniform bufTy white. Butastur teesa (Frank!.), P.Z.S., 1831, pt. 1, p. 115 (1832). [India, between Ganges and Nerbudda.] White-eyed Buzzard-Hawk. 223. 224. Size almost similar ; above brownish ashy ; clearer on head, hind neck and wing-coverts ; quills rufous, externally ashy grey, barred with dark brown ; tail rufous with 6 blackish bars ; below ashy, with blackish shaft -stripes and a few whitish bars on flanks. Butastur liventer (Temm.), PI. Col., i., pi. 438 (1827). [Java, type in L yd. Mus.] Ashy Buzzard -Hawk. Larger ; wing $ 13.6 ; ^ 13.1 in. ; above rufous brown, more ashy on head and mantle, and rufous on wings, rump and upper tail- coverts, which latter are barred and tipped with white ; tail with 4 bands of blackish brown ; forehead and throat white, latter with mesial brown stripe ; feathers of hind neck Buluchistan, Kashmir, Indian Peninsula, Burmese Provinces. Indo- Chinese Provinces, Greater Sunda Is., Celebes. 89 225. 226. with white bases ; below barred with white and rufous brown. Butastur indicus (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 264 (1788). fex Lath.— Java. A Eastern Buzzard-Hawk. Length ad. 16.5 ; wing 12.3 in. ; above cinereous brown with black shaft -stripes, and rufous margins to the feathers ; head and neck darker ; least wing-coveits and quills rufous ; tail with 3 or 4 blackish bands, except on ' centre feathers : throat creamy buff ; below pale rufous, with narrow shaft streaks. Butastur rufipennis (Sund.), (Eiv. Vet. Akad. Forh. Stockh., 1850, p. 131 (1851). [near Khartoum, type in Stockh. Mus.] African Buzzard-Hawk. Ussuri-land, Japan and E. China ; in winter to S. China, Malay Peninsula, Philippine Is., Celebes, Borneo, etc. N.E. Africa, (Egypt, Sudan, Abyssinia, Br. E. Africa, " German " E. Africa). Gen. LXL TERATHOPIUS Less. (Traite, livr. i, [— Helotarsus, auct. plur.] Head with a crest of rounded feathers ; tail ex- tremely short ; wings exceeding tip of tail by more than length of tarsus. Length $25, wing 21.5, tail 5 in., (J length 21, wing 21.2, tail 4.5 in. ; head and under parts glossy black ; hind neck, mantle and tail rich maroon chestnut, lower back paler ; scapulars and quills black ; wing-coverts pale bronze brown, whitish on shoulder ; under wing-coverts white ; axillaries black ; bill black, feet coral red. 227. Terathopius ecaudatus Daud., Traite, ii., p. 54 (1800). [Anteniquoi country, S. Africa.] Bataleur Eagle. [T. leuconotus (Riipp.) is a synonym.] Febr., 1830). Africa (Cape Colony to Egyptian Sudan and E. Africa ; Senegal). 90 Gen. LXII. HALI^ETUS Savigny (1809). Size of, and with general characters of Aquila, btit tarsus not feathered more than half way down ; the front scutellated, sides and back reticulated ; no membrane between the toes ; head not crested, but feathers of neck long and lanceolate. 228. Length $ 36-38 ; wing 26 in., c? length 33, wing 24 in. ; general plumage brown, with paler greyish margins to many of the feathers above ; head and neck much paler, nearly white in very old birds, with ashy brown streaks ; quills black, shaded with grey ex- ternally ; longer upper tail-coverts and tail pure white ; bill and feet yellow. Immature : head and neck blackish brown ; general plumage fulvous brown, mottled with dark brown ; tail brown. Halice'etus albicilla (Linn.), S.N., i., p. 89 (1758). [" Europa, America " — latter errore — type loc. Sweden sugg. Hartert.] White-tailed Eagle. Europe, S. to Mediterra- nean on E. side ; Iceland, Greenland ;* Asia Minor, N. and E. Asiat ; in winter S. to India. 229. Size similar ; wing 23-25 in. ; head and neck all round, rump, upper tail-coverts and ta.il pure white. Immature ; head and neck black and tail mingled white and black at first. Halice'etus leucocephalus leucocephalits (Linn.), S.N., ed. xii., i., p. 124 (1766). [ex Catesby— Carolina.] Bald Eagle. United States, S. to Lower California & N. Mexico. * The Greenland form may be separable, cf. Hartert, Vog. Pal. Fauna p. 1178 (1914) but material is lacking. f Bishop records it from Alaska and Brit. Columbia ; cf. Biol. Surv. U.S. Dept. Agric, xix., pp. 73-74 (1900) ; Auk, xxii., pp. 79-80 (1906). 91 Rather larger ; wing $ 25.50 ; cJ25in. 229a. Haliceetus leucocephalus alascanus C. H. Town- send, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi., p. 145 (1897). [Unalaska, type in U.S. Nat. Mus.] Alaskan Bald Eagle. Length ad. 41, wing 24.4 in. ; tail with 14 feathers ; general plumage brown, with ashy streaks to head, neck and under parts, and whitish tips to feathers of upper parts ; wing- coverts, rump, upper and under tail-ooverts, tail and thighs white ; immature has these latter parts only mottled with white. 230. Haliceetus pelagicus pelagicus (Pall.), Zoogr. Rosso -Asiat., i., p. 343 (1827). [Islands between Kamtschatka and America : Bering Isl\ Steller's Sea -Eagle. Wing cJ 21.62 ; differs from H. pelagicus in the great height of its bill and also in having only the tail and upper and under tail- coverts pure white ; rest of plumage blackish brown, the feathers on crown and neck with a fine central greyish line ; bill and feet orange- yellow. 230a. Haliceetus pelagicus niger Heude, Naturaliste, 1887, p. 95. [Korea.] [=H. branickii, Tacz.] Black Sea -Eagle. Wing (J 24.4 in. ; tail much longer (14.4 in.) and regularly graduated ; 5 primaries sharply emarginated, but distance between tips of innermost secondaries and primaries large, 5.5. in. as against 2.5 in. in H. p. niger. 230b. Haliceetus pelagicus macrurus (Menzb.), Ball. B.O.C., xi., p. 4 (1900). [Yakutsk, E. Siberia.] Long -tailed Sea-Eagle. Smaller; length $ 28 ; wing 23.2 in., (J wing 22.3 in. ; entire under parts, as well as head and neck, white ; above ashy grey, shaded with brownish ; primaries blackish ; tail black for basal two -thirds, terminal third white. Immature : whole plumage brown N.W. Alaska, Bering I., N.W. Mac- kenzie & N. Ungava, S. to Brit. Columbia & Gt. Lakes. N.E. Siberia, Kamtschatka, Saldialin ; in winter S. to Japan. Korea, Ussuri. Siberia. 92 231. 232. 233. 234. with whitish shaft -streaks ; quills and tail barred with darker brown. HaUceetus leucogaster (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 257 (1788). [ex Lath.-type loc. sugg. N.S. Wales, Math.*] White-bellied Sea -Eagle. Larger ; length $ 33, wing 24.4 in. ; (J length 30, wing 22,2 in. ; above dark brown, more tawny on hind neck and sandy on head ; rump purplish brown ; tail white, with base and broad terminal band black ; face and throat huffish white ; below fulvous brown, with pale centres to chest feathers. HaUceetus leucoryphus (Pall.), Reise d. Russ. Reichs., i., p. 454 (1771). [" laikum in Australioribiis ''= Lower Ural River, apud W. L. Sclat.] Pallas 's Sea-Eagle. Smaller ; length $ 25 ; wing 20.5 in. ; cJ length 22 ; wing 19.2 in. ; head, neck, breast, interscapulary region and tail pure white ; least wing-coverts rufous ; primaries black ; rest of upper surface blackish brown, and of lower surface deep chestnut. HaUceetus vocifer (Daud.), Traite, ii., p. 65 (1800). [ex Levaill. — Keurboom R., Cape CoL^ Vociferous Sea -Eagle. Indian Peninsula, Indo-Chinese Provinces, S.E.China, Malay Pen. & Archipel., Australia, Oceania. S.E. Russia, Asia Minor, Caspian, & Central Asia to Mongolia ; India, Burma . Tropical Africa, S. to Cape Colony, Size similar ; general plumage blackish brown ; tail bufify white ; feathers of head, hind neck and throat with buffy margins ; cheeks and sides of neck white ; chest and under parts like upper parts, but with rufous stripes on chest. HaUceetus vociferoides Des Murs, Rev. Zool., Madagascar. 1845, p. 175. [Madagascar, type in B.M.] Madagascar Sea -Eagle. * No locality given by Latham, but stated to liave been brought in " one of the last circumnavigating ships." 93 Gen. LXIII. GYPOHIERAX Rupp. (1855). Space above and around eye bare, as well as a line on either side of throat ; front of tarsus reticulated ; claws with a groove below as in Haliceetus ; head slightly crested. Length (J 23 in. ; wing 17.2 in. ; general plumage white ; scapulars and secondaries black ; primaries white with the tips black and outer webs mottled with black ; tail black with broad terminal band of white ; bare skin of face and feet flesh colour ; cere bluish grey. 235. Gypohierax angolensis (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 252 (1788). [Angola.-] Angola Vulture. Tropical W. Africa, Angola to Sencgambia E. Africa. Gen. LXIV. HALIASTUR Selby (1840). Nostrils circular, with bony margin all round ; presents affinities both with Aquilince and Milvince. Length ad. 20, wing 15-15.50 in. reaching beyond end of tail* ; tail 7.50-8 in. ; head, neck, throat and breast white with distinct blackish brown shaft -stripes, narrowest and blackest in old birds ; rest of plumage maroon chestnut, paler on tail, which is whitish at tip ; primaries brownish black ; bill yellowish, the base blackish ; feet light greenish yellow. 236. Haliastur indus Indus (Bodd.), Tabl. PI. Enlum., p. 25 (1783). [ex Bu&.—Pondicherry.] Brahminy Kite. Indian Peninsula, Ceylon, Burmese Provinces ; S. China. Wing $ 16 in. ; reaching nearly 2 in. beyond end of tail ; tail 8.50 in. ; the black shaft- streaks on head, hind neck and breast reduced to hair-lines and much less distinct. * Ceylon birds seem to have as a rule slightly shorter wings and longer tail than Indian birds, and to have the wings as a rule falling well short of end of tail. 94 236a. Haliastur indus intermedius Gumey, Ibis, 1865, p. 28. [Java.] Malay Brahminy Kite. Size similar ; wing (J 14.2 ; ? 15.3 in. ; head, neck, interscapulary region and throat and breast snowy white without any sign of black streaks ; rest of plumage bright maroon ; tail with a broad terminal bar of white ; cere and bill pale yellow, latter darker at tip and bluish at base ; feet whitish yellow. 236b. Haliastur indus leucosternus (Gould), P.Z.S., 1837, p. 138. [AuBtrsilia. =Moreton Bay, Queensl., apudM^&ih., type in Philad. Acad.] White-headed " Sea-Eagle." [= H. i. girrenera (Vieill. et Oud.)] Rather larger, length ad. 22 ; wing 16.6 in. ; above ashy brown, more rufous on head and darker and more chocolate on scapulars and wing-coverts ; primaries brownish black ; tail greyish-brown, paler at tip, and at base of outer feathers ; throat fulvous ; breast dull ochraceous, the feathers bordered with brown and streaked with white ; flanks with black shaft-streaks ; cere and bill greyish ; feet bluish white. 237. Haliastur sphenurus sphenurus (Vieill.), N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xx., p. 564 (1818). [" Australia "=N.S. Wales, apud Math., type in Paris Mus.] Whistling Eagle. " Lighter and smaller " (Math.) ; " of a much lighter colour, especially on the upper portion of the head, neck and scapulars " (North). 237a. Haliastur sphenurus sarasini Math., Bds. Austral., v., p. 169 (1916). [New Caledonia.] New Caledonian Whistling Eagle. Sub-Fam. VI. MILVIN^, Head usually closely feathered ; loral bristles scanty or wanting ; cere contracted ; nostrils oval, Indo-Chinese Provinces, Malay Pen., Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippine Is., Celebes : Babber I. Australia, New Guinea, Moluccas, Tenimber, Ceram, Aru Is. Australia. New Caledonia. 95 oblique, generally closed in with a superior membrane ; bill usually rather weak, strai^t at base, curved from cere to point, the cutting edge at most slightly festooned, but in two or three genera either toothed or serrated ; wings usualty long, more or less pointed ; tail variable ; feet small and weak ; tarsi feathered for a variable distance. Gen. LXV. ELANOIDES Vieill. (1818). Tail very long and deeply forked, outer feather much the longest ; wings very long and pointed, but not reaching beyond next outermost pair of tail-feathers. Head, neck all round, rump and entire under parts snowy white ; back, wings and tail glossy black with purplish and green reflections, the former especially on the scapulars and wings ; secondaries whifce on inner webs, except at tips. 238. Elanoides forficatus forficatus (Linn.), S.N., i., p. 89 (1758). [''America/' ex Catesby = Carolina.] Swallow-tailed Kite. Wing (^ (Venez.) 16.60 ; outer tail-feathers 12.75 in. " Differs from N. American speci- mens in having [reflections on] the scapulars and to a lesser extent interscapulars rich bottle green instead of dark purplish maroon" (Chapman). [Doubtfully distinct.] 238a. Elanoides forficatus yetapa Bonn, et Vieill., Ency. Meth., iii., p. 1205 (1 823). [Paraguay.] Southern Swallow-tailed Kite. N. America, (breeds in S. United States, but winters S. of them) ; Mexico. C. America (Costa Rica) S. to Peru, Bolivia & Paraguay. Gen. LXVI. NAUCLERUS Vig. (1825). Tail much shorter ; wings long, but not greatly exceeding length of tail. 96 239. Length 14.5 ; wing 9.95 ; tail 7.8 in. ; above cinereous, darker on interscapulary region ; wing and tail quills ashy grey, the secondaries white at tips ; forehead and indistinct eye- brow whitish ; cheeks and under parts pure white. Nauclerus riocouri (Vieill. et Oud.), Gal. Ois., i., p. 43, pi. 16 (1823). [Senegal, type in Br. Mus.] Cinereous Kite. N.E. Africa ; W. Africa (Senegambia to Hausa- land). Gen. LXVII. MILVUS Lacep. (1799). Tail forked, but difference between longest and shortest feather less than difference between tips of primaries and tips of secondaries. Length ad. about 24 in., wing 19-20.75 ; tail 14-15 in. ; plumage above brown with rufous margins, the wing-coverts paler ; primaries black ; rump dark brown ; upper tail-coverts rufous ; tail rufous, tipped with fulvous, the outer feathers partly barred with dark brown on inner webs ; head, face and throat whitish streaked with dark brown ; chest pale rufous, with dark central streaks and paler edges ; below bright rufous, with dark central streaks ; bill horn colour ; cere and feet yellow. 240. Milvus milvus milvus (Linn.), S.N., i., p. 89 (1758). [Europe, Asia, Africa— ty^e loc. S. Sweden, apud Hartert.] Common Kite. Wing ad. 18.20-19.30 ; tail less forked, depth of fork only about half as great ; all the feathers, including central pair, barred. 240a. Milvus milvus fasciicaudaH^ni., Bull. B.O.C., p. 89 (1914). [^ Santo Antao, Ca,pe Verd, in Tring Mus.] Cape Verd Kite. Europe, breeding from S. Sweden S. to Spain, also Morocco, Asia Minor, Canary Is ; in Brit. Is. confined to Wales. Cape Verd Is. (resident). 241. 97 Length $ (Caucasus) 24, wing 18.5 ; tail 10.5 in. ; above dark brown, much paler and greyer on head and hind neck and throat, which are much streaked with dark brown ; tail with very indistinct darker bars ; below dull rufous brown, brighter on abdomen, with blackish shaft -lines ; cere orange, bill black, feet yellow. Milvus migrans migrans"^ (Bodd.), Tabl. PI. Enl., p. 28 (1783). [ex Daub., pi. 472, Buffon etc., type loc. France, apud Hart.] Black Kite. Size nearly the same ; tail more rufous brown, with 7 or 8 more distinct blackish bands ; head and hind neck browner ; ear-coverts darker ; below rather more rufous, especially on abdomen, thighs and under wing- and tail-coverts ; bill, as well as cere and feet, bright yellow. 241a. Milvus migrans cegyptius (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 261 (1788). [Egypt.] Yellow-billed Kite. Slightly smaller ; wing 17 in. ; less rufous, more cinnamon-brown below ; bill yellow. 241b. Milvus migrans parasitus Daud., Traite, ii., p. 150 (1800). [Ex LevailL— /Sfoz*^^ Africa.] Parasitic Kite. Length ^ 20 ; wing 19 in. ; head and hind neck slightly rufescent, with distinct central stripes of black ; scapulars and wing-coverts E., C. & S. Europe, N. to Finland, S. to Mediter- ranean and N.W. Africa ; Asia Minor, C. Asia ; in winter to Tropical Africa ; cas. Brit. Is. cas. N. & E. Africa, Palestine, Arabia ; in S.E. Europe. Africa, S. of Sahara to Cape Colony ; Madagascar & Comoro Is. * Gmelin's name korschun (1771) should never have been used for this bird ; it does not seem to have been a form of Milvus ho described at all. 98 edged with buff ; tail distinctly barred with blackish ; below dull rufous brown ; the breast feathers with pale fulvous stripes next the dark shaft -streaks ; vent and under tail -coverts more huffish ; cere and feet yellow, bill blackish. 241c. Milvus migrans govinda Sykes, P.Z.S., 1832, p. 81. [Deccan, type in Brit. Mus.] Indian Kite. India ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Russian Turkestan . 241d. Rather smaller ; wing 16.5 in. ; above blackish brown, paler on wing-coverts, with blackish shaft -stripes ; tail dark brown, with remains of dark bars on centre feathers ; head and hind neck pale brown, washed with rufous and with blackish shaft -streaks ; below dull rufous brown, more dusky on chest and flanks, with distinct black shaft -streaks ; cere and feet yellow, bill blackish. Milvus migrans affinis Gould, P.Z.S., 1837, p. 140 (1838). [Australia=New S. Wales, apud Math.] Allied Kite. Australia, Celebes, Lesser Sunda Is. 242. Larger, length (J 25.5 ; wing 21 ; tail 13.2 in. ; above dark chocolate brown ; head, hind neck and wing-coverts more rufous and with black shaft-streaks ; tail paler brown, more rufous on central feathers and distinctly barred with darker brown ; lores, forehead and cheeks white with black shaft-lines ; ear- coverts brownish black ; below deep rufous brown, clearer on abdomen, with broad black central stripes, especially on chest ; cere and feet greenish yellow ; bill black. Milvus lineatus (Gray) in Hardw., 111. Ind. ZooL, i., p. 1, pi. 18 (1832). [China.] [= M. melanotis, auct. plur.] Black-eared Eate. Japan, N. China, Mongolia, to Cent. Asia & Himalayas, W. to Ural; in winter S. to Burma, N. India & Hainan. 99 Gen. LXVIII. LOPHOICTINIA Kaup (1847). Head crested ; bill moderate, the tip not prolonged ; tail even. Length 19 ; wing 18 in. ; above blackish brown, wing-coverts paler and slightly rufous with dark centres ; wing quills and tail dark brown, externally greyish, banded with black, the subterminal band very broad ; head dull rufous, and forehead, cheeks and throat whitish, with black centre streaks ; ear -coverts grey ; below rufous ; chest with broad black centres to all the feathers, becoming narrow shaft -streaks below ; cere and feet greyish white ; tip of bill blackish. 243. Lophoictinia isura (Gould), Syn. Bds. Austr., Australia, pt. iii., pi. 47 (1838). [New S. Wales.] E. & W. Square -tailed Kite. Gen. LXIX. ROSTRHAMUS Less. (1830). Head not crested ; bill very long and slender, the upper mandible hooked almost into a sickle-shape, the cutting edges not festooned ; nostrils narrow ovals, horizontal ; tail about half as long as wing, nearly even. Length ad. 13.5; wing 11.7 in.; general colour lead grey, the wings blackish ; tail grey with a broad terminal band of black ; cere, lores, gape and feet orange yellow ; bill black ; iris red. 244. Rostrhamus sociabilis (VieilL), N.D., xviii., p. 318 (1817). [S. America : Corrientes et Bio de la Plata.] Everglade Kite. Larger and blacker ; length ad. 18 ; wing 14.1 in. ; entirely slaty black, with a brownish shade on wings ; base of tail and upper and under coverts white ; tail black, tipped with white, with a subterminal bar of ashy brown ; bill black ; cere and feet yellow. S. America from Argentina and Peru to Colombia ; Central America, E. Mexico ; Cuba and Florida. 100 245. Rostrhamus hamatus Temm., PI. Col., i., pi. N. Brazil, 61,231(1823). [Brazil.^ [= B. leucopygus Guiana? (Spix) of Sliarpe.] Colombia ? Slender-billed Kite. Gen. LXX. REGERHINUS Kaup (1845). [=Leptodon, Sudev. of Sharpe.] Tail rounded, outer feather shorter than middle one ; loral space bare ; upper mandible without a tooth. Length ad. $ 17 ; wing 11.7 ; tail 7.5. in. ; above and below bluish slate, with narrow irregular bars of white below ; primaries black i»h shaded with slate grey ; secondaries whitish below, barred and tipped with black ; tail ashy grey with 2 bands of black ; under tail-coverts buff ; bill black. First mature plumage generally browner, with a rufous collar round hind neck ; below banded with tawny rufous and ochraceous buff. 246. Begerhinus uncinaius uncinatus (Temm.), PI. Col., i., pi. 103-5 (1824). ' [Brazil=Rio Janeiro, apud Chubb, type in Leyd. Mus.] Hook-billed Kite. Guiana, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Trinidad, Centr. Amer. Larger (wing § 12.6) and with a larger bill (culmen 2-2.5 in. against 1.55-1.65 in. in typical form). 246a. Begerhinus uncinatus megarhynchus (Des E. Peru, Murs), in Casteln., Voy., Ois., p. 9, pi. i. (1855). [Sarayacu, type in Paris Mus.] Large-billed Kite. Wing ad. 9.70-10.50 in. ; tail black with 4 light bands, the 2 anterior ones white, others light ash grey ; below white, barred with pale grey anteriorly and umber posteriorly (Ridgway). 246b. Begerhinus uncinatus wilsoni (Cass.), Jnl. Cuba. Acad. Philad., i., p. 21, pi. 7 (1847). [Cuba.] Wilson's Kite. Gen. LXXI. LEPTODON Sundev. (1835). The upper mandible with a single more or less pro- nounced tooth. 101 247. Length ? 20-22 in. ; wing 12.25-13.25 in. ; above glossy black ; head slaty grey ; wing quills black, banded with slate grey ; tail black with 3 bands of ashy grey and tipped with same ; below white ; bill blackish ; feet yellow. Leptodon palliatus (Temm.), PL Col., i., pi. 204 (1823). [Brazil, type in Brit. Mus.] [= L. cayennensis, auct. plur.] Cayenne Kite. Brazil, Peru, Guiana to Centr. Amer^ Gen. LXXII. GYPOICTINIA Kaup (1847 . Bill not toothed ; head crested ; loral space feathered ; wings reaching to end of tail ; greater pai-t of tarsus bare in front . Length 24 ; wing 19 ; tail 8.5 in. ; general plumage above and below blackish, browner on scapulars and more rufous on rump ; crest and nape tawny rufous with black centres to the feathers ; thighs and under tail-coverts rufous, with black shaft -lines ; tail ashy grey above, whitish near base and below ; lesser wing-coverts and secondaries margined with ashy grey ; primaries ashy white at base. 248. Gypoictinia melanosterna melanosterna Interior of (Gould). P.Z.S., 1840, p. 162 (1841). [N.8. N.S. Wales, Wales, type in Mus. Philad. Acad.] S. Australia, Blackbreasted Buzzard. " Differs from G. m. melanosterna in lacking the black on head and breast." 248a. Gypoictinia melanosterna decepta Math., Nov. W. Australia, ZooL, xviii., p. 250 (1912). [Parry's Creek, Northern N.W. Australia.] Territory. Northern Buzzard. Gen. LXXIIl. ELANUS Savigny (1809). Tarsus feathered for nearly two-thirds of its length in front ; claws without groove on under surface. Sexes nearly similar in size ; length ad. about 13 ; wing 10.15-11.20 ; tail 5.16 in. ; above ashy grey, lighter on head ; forehead, eyebrow, and face white ; feathers round eye black ; 102 249. 249a. lesser and median wing-coverts and a patch on outer edge of wing black ; tail whitish, the 2 centre feathers ashy grey ; below silky white ; sides of breast pale silvery grey, wing quills dark or blackish slate below ; cere and feet yellow ; bill blackish ; iris carmine. Immature browner above and streaked with rufous on chest and flanks. Elanus cceruleus cceruleus (Desf .) Mem. Acad. R. des Sciences, 1787, p. 503, pi. xv. (1789). [near Algiers.] Black-winged Kite. Slightly larger; wing? 11.60-12; tail 6 in. ; ^ wing 11.75 in. ; above ashy grey ; primaries slate ; wing-coverts black, the shoulder white on edge ; black patch on outer edge of wing nearly absent ; 2 centre tail-feathers paler grey, rest white ; fore -part of head and entire under parts silky white, including under wing- coverts ; wing quills white on basal half below. Immature : head and nape white, streaked with brown ; above browner, with white margins to all the feathers, including wing- coverts and quills. Elanus cceruleus hypoleucus Gould, P.Z.S., 1850, p. 127. [Macassar, type in Norwich Mus.] White-breasted Kite. Airica N. to Mediter- ranean ; Palestine, S.W. Asia, India, Ceylon* ; Burma ; cas. in S. Europe. Philippine Is., Java, Borneo, Celebes. 250. Size similar ; wing ad. 11.50-12.30 in. ; tail 5.75-6.30 in. ; above paler, more silvery grey ; tail whitish ; primaries darker below, nearly blackish ; outer under wing-coverts black, forming a conspicuous patch below ; axillaries white. Elanus axillaris axillaris Lath., Ind. Orn. E. Australia. Suppl., i., p. ix. (1801). [New S. Wales.] Black-shouldered Eate. * Ceylon birds have the smallest wing measurement and the primaries are darkest below, right to the base of the feathers. 103 " Differs from E. a. axillaris in being lighter above." 250a. Elanus axillaris parryi Math., Nov. Zool., W. Australia, xviii., p. 251 (1912). [Parry's Creek, N.W. Northern Australia^ Territory. Western Black-shouldered Kite. Rather larger, with longer tail ; wing 12- 13.30 ; tail 6.4-7.4 in. ; above darker bluish ash, inner webs of secondaries paler, nearly white ; black shoulder patch above variable, but not generally so large ; black patch below smaller usually and confined to the outer greater under wing-coverts. 250b. Elanus axillaris leucurus (VieilL), N.D., xx., p. 563 [err. 566] (1818). [Paraguay.-] White-tailed Kite. Size similar ; wing 1 1 .5 in. ; above paler, ashy white, with the black patches on wing-coverts and edge of wing ; axillaries as well as under wing -coverts black, except bend of wing which is white. 251. Elanus scriptus Gould, P.Z.S., 1842, p. 80. [S. Australia.] Letter-winged Kite. Whole of S. America, Southern United States. N.S. Wales, Victoria, S. Australia. Gen. LXXIV. GAMPSONYX Vigors (1825). Wings falling nearly an inch short of end of tail ; tail feathers rounded, nearly even ; tarsus short, feathered about half way down in front. Size small, length (J 8 ; wing 5.8 ; tail 3.9 in. ; ? wing 6.15 in. ; above leaden black with a l3rownish shade on back ; secondaries broadly tipped with white ; tail below much paler ; forehead and sides of face orange buff ; sides of neck and a collar encircling latter white, below which is an interscapulary patch of vinous red ; below white, with small patch of black on each side of upper breast ; the thighs pale huffish rufous, as also inner under wing-coverts, but not breast or flanks. 252. Gampsonyx swainsoni swainsoni Vigors, Brazil, Zool. Jnl., ii., p. 69. (1825). [near Bahia.] Paraguay. Swainson's Pearl-Kite, 104 Size nearly similar ; wing,^ (Merida) 6 ; tail 3.75 in. ; $ wing 6.20 ; tail 4 in. ; wing .^ (Guiana) 5.90-6; ? wing 6.20-6.40 in.; below with the sides of breast and flanks chestnut rufous [pure white in Bahia birds] ; thighs darker rufous in Venezuelan birds [but hardly more so in Guianan birds] ; fore- head and sides of face slightly yellower and paler. 252a. Gampsonyx swainsoni meridensis subsp. no v. [(J Nevada, Merida, Nov. 15, 1903, alt. 3,000 metres, in coll. H. K. Swann and Merida and Guiana examples in Tring Mus. and Brit. Mus.] Northern Pearl Kite. Venezuela (S. to Orinoco*), British Guiana. " Upper surface darker and more strongly shaded with slaty grey ; forehead and sides of face straw colour instead of orange buff " ; total length 9.10 in. ; wing 6.20 ; tail 3.75 in. ; [sides of breast and flanks rufous.] 252b. Gampsonijx sivainsoni leonce Chubb, Bull. Nicaragua. B.O.C., xxxix., p. 22 (1918). {Leon, Nicar- agua, W. B. Richardson, Dec. 1892, type in Br. Mus.] Nicaraguan Pearl Kite. Largest ; " differing from O. s. swainsoni only in the larger wing and tail measurements " ^ total length 9.65 ; wing 6.95 ; tail 4 in. $ wing 6.9 in. [Differs from G. s. swainsoni also in having sides of breast and flanks rufous.] 252c. Gampsonyx swainsoni magnus Chubb, Bull. W. Peru B.O.C., xxxix., p. 21 (1918). [Amotape, Peru, and W. . July 22, 1899, P. O. Simons, type in Br. Mus.] Ecuador ; Western Pearl Kite. Bolivia ?t Gen. LXXV. ICTINIA Vieill. (1816). Upper mandible with the cutting edge lobed, but without a true tooth ; bill short and deep, and * Examples from the Orinoco aje more or less intermediate. Of those in Tring Mus. two have the sides strongly rufous, others only slightly. t An example in Tring Museum from Prov. of Sara, Bolivia, (J has wing measurement of 6.65 in. and presumably belongs to this form ; another, $, from Calaraa River, Rio Madeira, has the wing 6.50 and is intermediate. 105 strongly arched, resembling that of Falco ; cere short ; tail square ; wings reaching about 1.25 in. beyond end of tail. Size small ; wing ad. 11.5-12.5 ; tail 6 in. ; above leaden black ; wings and tail blacker ; head lighter grey, nape a little darker ; primaries pale chestnut on inner webs, conspicuous below ; under parts slate grey ; tail with 3 bars of white on inner webs below, the basal one concealed and some- times wanting. Ictiniaplumbea (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 283 (1788). [ex Lath. — Cayenne.] Plumbeous Kite. 253 554. Size similar; wing S 10.5-11.5; ? 11-12.5 in. ; above leaden black, paler on secondaries and blacker on primaries and tail, but latter without white bars below ; head, neck and under parts clear grey ; base of primaries chestnut on inner webs ; bill black, feet orange red. Ictinia mississippiensis (Wils.) Amer. Orn., iii., p. 80, pi. 25, fig. 1 (1811). [Natchez, Mississippi.] Mississippi Kite. Central and S. Amer, to Brazil and Paraguay. Southern United States ; S. in winter to Mexico and cas. Guatemala. Gen. LXXVI. HARPAGUS Vigors (1824). Head not crested ; nostrils oval with central tubercle ; bill with 2 distinct teeth ; tarsus slender with broad transverse scales ; feet small and weak; wings very short, hardly reaching to middle of tail ; size small. Wing ad. 8.1 ; tail 6 in. ; above slaty grey, head darker and wings browner ; tail dark brown, with narrow bands of greyish white ; below pale grey, the throat and under tail- coverts white ; thighs bright ferruginous. 255. Harpagus diodon (Temm.), PI. Col., i., pi. 198, 1824. [Brazil.] Red-thighed Hawk. South Brazil (Rio Grande do SultoBahia). 106 256. 256a. Size similar ; above [oldest dress] much darker, slaty black ; tail with 2 brownish white bands ; throat white, with median black streak ; "upper chest greyish, below banded with grey and white ; less old birds have tail browner, with 3 narrow whitish bands and another across tipper tail-coverts ; below chestnut rufous, irregularly barred, except on chest, with whitish and indistinct darker bars. Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Lath.), Ind. Orn., i., p. 38, 1790. [Cayenne] Double-toothed Hawk. Size slightly larger, wing ad. 8.8 in. ; above browner ; below banded as in less old stage of last forrn. Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Lawr., Pr. Phil. Acad., 1868, p. 429. [Guatemala.] Peru, Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia . Central America (Guatemala to Panama), Gen. LXXVII. BAZA Hodgs. (1836). Size moderate, length under 20 in. ; head with occipital crest ; bill with 2 teeth (sometimes appearing as serrations) ; nostrils linear ovals, without tubercles ; wings reaching to or beyond end of tail. Wing ad. 9.50-9.85 ; tail 5.7 in. ; crest long ; above glossy greenish black, browiaer on sides of head and throat ; secondaries white, except at edges and tips, chestnut subter- minally [except in very old birds] ; chest white, followed by a band of black across upper breast, more or less mixed with chestnut ; lower breast and flanks creamy white, banded with chestnut ; vent, thighs • and under wing- and tail-coverts greenish black. Immature : much more chestnut in secondaries and less barred below. 257. Baza lophotes (Temm.), PI. Col., i., pi. 10 (1824). [Pondicherry.] Crested Cuckoo -Falcon. India (sub- Himalayan dist. to Ceylon) ; Tenasserim ; Indo -China ; Malay Pen. 107 258. Larger ; wing rj 12.5, tail 8 in. ; ? wing 13, tail 9 in. ; general colour brown, darker on mantle, most of the feathers with paler margins, those of head with rufous margins and white bases ; crest dark brown ; pri- maries ashy brown, banded with darker brown ; tail ashy grey with 3 bands of dark brown ; throat with median and moustachial blackish stripes ; below white, upper breast and sides longitudinally marked with rufous brown, lower flanks almost uniform. Bc^za madaqascariensis (Smith), S. Afr. Q. Madagascar. JnL, ii., p. 285 (1835). [Madagascar.] Madagascar Cuckoo-Falcon. 259. Smaller; wing ad. 11.6 in. ; above ashy brown ; head, crest and inter scapulary region darker, inclining to slaty black ; quills brown above and ashy white below, barred with dark brown on inner webs, the subterminal band broad ; upper tail-coverts tipped and barred with white ; tail ashy grey, tipped with white, with broad subterminal and 3 other bands of black ; throat and chest clear grey ; below buffy white, barred with tawny rufous ; under wing-coverts uniform tawny rufous. Baza cuculoides cuculoides (Swains.), Bds. W. Africa, i., p. 104, pi. 1 (1837). [" W. Africa ''= SenegaJJ., type in CJamb. Mus.] W. African Cuckoo -Falcon. W. Africa (Senegal to Gold Coast). 259a. Much darkd!" above, uniform slaty black ; throat and chest pale grey, the barrings below confined to upper breast and of a much darl<:er brown colour ; belly, flanks, thighs and under tail-coverts pure white, with little trace of buff ; under wing-coverts uniform rusty rufous. Baza cuculoides batesi, subsp. no v. [cJ River J a, Cameroon, coll. G. L. Bates, Feb. 5, 1907. Brit. Mus. Reg.. No. 1911. 5.31.60.] [Not seen.] 259b. Baza cuculoides emini Reichenow, J.f.O., 1894, p. 163. [Albert Nyanza.] W. Africa (Cameroon to Aruwhimi R., Upper Congo). Equatorial Africa. 108 Slightly larger ; wing (^ 12.7 in. ; above rather dark a.shy grey, shaded with brown ; crown and crest blacker ; upper tail-coverts ashy grey with brown tips ; under wing- coverts barred with pale rufous and ful- vous ; 5 browner above and more strongly barred below. 259c. Baza cuculoides verreauxi (Lafr.), Rev. ZooL, S.E, Africa 1846, p. 130. [Port Natal.] (Natal to Verreaux's Cuckoo -Falcon. Zambesi). Wing(? 12.75, $ 13.10 in. ; culmen 1.4 in. ; crown and nape pale fulvous, with blackish central streaks ; nape more tinged with rufous ; crest long, black tipped with white ; throat white with distinct central streak of black ; foreneck and chest streaked with pale rufous ; below white, with broad bands of pale rufous ; oldest birds very much darker above and below, the bars below rufous brown, age apparently accounting for the light and dark forms of this species. 260. Baza jerdoni jerdoni (Blyth), Jnl. As. Soc. Beng., xi., p. 464 (1842). [Malacca, type in Mus. As. Soc. Beng.] Jerdon's Cuckoo -Fa Icon. E. Himalayas (Sikkim) ; Burmese countries ; Malay Pen., Sumatra. Slightly smaller ; wing ad. 11.7 in. ; croAvn black, edged with rufous ; crest black, tipped with white ; chin and throat buff with broad mesial black streak ; chest tawny cinereous, with brownish shaft streaks ; below white irregularly banded with pale rufous. 260a. Baza jerdoni ceylonensis Legge, Stray Feath., iv., p. 247 (1876). [Matab, Ceylon.] Ceylon Cuckoo-Falcon. Wing (J 1 1 .5 ; culmen 1 .05 in . ; " sides of face and neck dull rufous ; chest white, the feathers edged with rufous and with triangular black centres ; under wing-coverts rufous with paler edges ; rufous bars on flanks broader and inclining to dark brown." 260b. Baza jerdoni borneensis Sharpe, Ibis, 1893, Borneo p. 557. [Baran dist., Borneo, type in Sarawak Mus.] Bornean Cuckoo -Falcon. Ceylon ; S. India (Wynaad cas.). 109 Wing ad. 12.3, bill stouter, culmen 1.5 in. ; above purplish brown ; crown and crest black ; throat and chest grey, former with broad black central stripe ; below white, banded with pale rufous ; sides of face greyish, washed with rufous. 260c. Baza jerdoni magnirostris (Gray), Cat. Accip. Philippine B.M.,' p. 19 (1844, nom. nad.) , (Kaup), Isis, Is. 1847, p. 343. [ex Gray, Manila.] Philippine Cuckoo-Falcon. Wing ad. 11-12 in. ; culmen 1.25 in. ; above darker brown ; ear -co verts dark cinereous instead of grey ; chest rufous ; below banded with darker rufous brown. 260d. Baza jerdoni erythrothorax Sharpe, P.Z.S., Celebes ; 1873, p. 625 (June 1873). [Celebes.] Sula Is. Rufous -chested Cuckoo-Falcon. Smaller ; wing (imm. 5) 10.8 in. ; below white without median black line on throat ; breast and abdomen washed with creamy buff, sides and flanks with slight spots of pale tawny buff. 260e. Baza jerdoni leucopias Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p, 195. [Palawan I.] Wing cj 12.85-12.95; $ 13.15-13.60 in.; above brown, slaty black on wings ; head, mck and chest ashy grey ; with small occipital crest black ; tail ashy brown, with broad subterminal and 3 other black bands ; breast buffy white, banded with chestnut brown [blackish in oldest birds] ; thighs and under wing and tail-coverts buffy rufous. 261. Baza suhcristata subcristata (Gould), Syn. Bds. Austral., pt. iii., pi. 46 (1838). [New S. Wales.] Australian Cuckoo -Falcon. Smaller; wing (^ 11.65-12.10 ; ? 12.5-12.85 in. 261a. Baza subcristata timorlaoensis Meyer, Abhanrll. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1892-3. No. 3, p. 5 (1893). [Timorlaut.] Tenimber Cuckoo-Falcon. Palawan Island (Philippines). Australia (N.S. Wales, Queensland) ; S.E. New Guinea. Tenimber Island. 261b. 110 Scarcely smaller; wing c^ 11.30-11.65; $ 11.85-12.35 in. ; fore neck and chest very pale grey ; bands on under parts narrower, as also those on under surface of quills. Baza suhcristata pallida Stresemann, Nov. ZooL, XX., p. 307 (1913). [cJ Tual, Kei Is., Kiihn coll., Tring Mus.] WingcJ 11.25-11.90, ? 11.25-12.10 in. ; head, neck all round, interscapulary region and chest ashy grey ; crest blackish ; scapulars and inner secondaiies chocolate brown ; breast and flanks buffy white, with blackish brown crossbars ; vent, under tail-coverts and under wing-coverts orange buff. 261c. Baza suhcristata reinwardti (Mull. & Schl.), Naturl. Versch., Av., p. 35, tab. 5 (1843). [" Celebes, Borneo," errore — type loc. subst. Stresemann : Amhoina.] Reinwardt's Cuckoo -Falcon. [Said to be larger.] 261 d. Baza suhcristata megala Stresem., Nov. Zool., XX., p. 307 (1915). [Fergusson I., D'Entre- casteaux Archip.] Size almost the same ; under wing-coverts paler isabelline colour. 261e. Baza suhcristata gurneyi Ramsay, Jnl. Linn. Soc. Zool., xvi., p. 130 (1881). [Solomon Is.] Solomon Islands Cuckoo -Falcon. Slightly larger ; wingcJ 12.25-12.35 ; $ 12.50- 13.05 in. 261f . Baza suhcristata bismarcki Sharpe, in Gould's Bds. New Guinea, i., pi. 4 (1888). [Bis- marck Archip.] Bismarck's Cuckoo -Falcon. Wing ad. 12.50 in. ; hind neck much darker grey ; throat and chest light ashy grey, but chest with broad tips of rusty rufous, obscur- ing the grey ; below closely and broadly Kei and Goram Is. Moluccas (Ceram, Amboina, Bouru, Aru Is. Misol) ; New Guinea, Fergusson 1.* Solomon Islands. New Ireland, New Guinea, Duke of York I. & New Hanover. * Said to be a synonym (c/. Ogilvie Grant, Ibis, Suppl., ii., p. 270, 1915), and B. s. stenozona Gray, from Aru Is., seems non-separable. Ill barred with light rusty rufous ; under tail- coverts buffy rufous. 261 g. Baza subcristata riifa Schl., Vog. Ned. Tnd. Valkvog., pp. 41, 78 (1866). [Halmahera, etc.] Rufous Cuckoo -Falcon. N. Molucca Islands (Halmahera, Morotai, Batchian, Temate, etc.). Gen. LXXVIII. HENICOPERNIS Gray (1859). Wings falling much short of end of tail ; tail very long, more than five times length of tarsus ; head slightly crested. Size large ; wing $ 17.30 ; tail 1 1 .5 in. ; (J wing 14.20-14.50 in. ; above ashy brown, broadly barred with black, except on lower back and rump ; head and hind neck .streaked with blackish and much varied with white ; tail with 5 broad black bands ; below creamy white, with broad streaks of dark brown on throat and breast, narrowing below ; cere and bill bluish white, tip of latter blackish ; feet yellowish white ; iris orange yellow. Henicopernis longicauda longicauda (Garnot), Voy. Coq., i., p. 588, pi. 10 (1826). [Dorey, Dutch New Guinea, type in Paris Mus.] Long-tailed Kite. 262. 262a. Size similar ; wing (J 14.-14.20 in. ; much darker ; wing-coverts and upper scapulars dark brown instead of banded with light and dark brown ; dark bands broader and light bands narrower on wings ; tail with 4 dark bands ; below blackish brown with pale edgings. Henicopernis longicauda infuscata Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 128. [Blanche Bay, New Britain, co-type in Brit. Mus.] Gurney 's Long-tailed Kite. New Guinea, Salawati, Misori I., Waigiou, Aru Is. New Britain, Gen. LXXIX. MACH^RHAMPHUS Westerm. (1851). Head strongly crested ; bill weak and slightly keeled; loral plumes produced above half the nostril. 112 263 Length ad. 18.5 ; wing 14.2 ; tail 7.8 in. ; black, with a chocolate brown shade ; a well- defined spot above and below eye white ; throat and centre of chest white ; chin and a broad streak down throat, as well as sides ot latter, and a few spots on lower parts black. Machcerhamphus alcinus Westerm., Bigd. tot d. Dierk., i., pt. 2, p. 29, pi. 12 (1851). [Malacca, type in Leyd. Mus.] Malacca Pern. Malacca. Rather smaller ; wing ad. 13.9 ; tail 7.3 in. ; above chocolate brown ; white bases of feathers conspicuous on nape ; above and below eye a broad white line ; throat white, with dark brown moustachial line each side below gape and a faint central streak ; wing quills dark brown, banded with white below ; tail chocolate brown above, banded with pale brown, white below ; under parts white ; upper breast streaked with dark brown, lower breast and flanks dark brown mottled with white ; bill bluish, black at tip ; feet bluish white. 264. Machcerhamphus anderssoni Gurney, P.Z.S., S.W. Africa, 1865, p. 618 [Otjimbinque, Damaraland, type Madagascar, in Norw. Mus.] B. E. Africa, Anderson's Pern. Uganda, Brit. Centr. Africa. [Not seen, doubtful form.] 264a. Machcerhamphus [anderssoni] revoili Oust., Somaliland. Bibl. Hautes Etudes, xxxi., art. 10, p. 2 (1866). [Somaliland.] Gen. LXXX. PERNIS Guv. (1817). Size large ; head usually only slightly crested ; bill stouter ; basal plumes not produced beyond posterior margin of nostril ; wings and tail long ; tarsus short, feathered about half way down. Wing (J 15.75-16.75; tail 11 in.; plumage variable ; normally above brown, with paler margins and black shaft-stripes ; head ashy grey ; nape mottled with white ; wing quills darker at tips and with 2 basal dark bars, conspicuous on whitish under -side ; upper 113 265. 266. 267. tail-coverts barred and tipped with white ; tail paler brown, tipped with white, and with 3 dark bands ; below white, with brown streaks on throat, large blotches on breast and smaller spots on flanks and abdomen ; 5 larger and with much less grey on head and more barred below. Imm. : head dark brown, rufous on sides and hind neck ; tail more banded ; below rufous brown, with, distinct black shaft -streaks ; later under parts become barred with white. Pernis apivorus apivorus (Linn.), S.N., i., p. 91 (1758). [Europe — restr. type loc. Sweden apud Halt.] Honey Buzzard. Larger ; wing$ 18.75 in. ; head, nape and band round lower throat black, the nape mottled with white bases to all the feathers. Pernis orientalis Tacz., Faune Orn. Sib. Or., i., p. 50 (in Mem, Ac. St. Petersb., xxxix., 1891). [E. Siberia, type in Warsaw Mus. (W. Sclat.)] Siberian Honey Buzzard. Slightly smaller ; wing (Java) (J 17.25 in. ; crest of lone feathers ; general colour deep chocolate brown, with black shaft lines below ; crown black ; sides of head grey and scaly-] ooking ; an imperfect line across lower throat black ; tail with very broad central band of pale ashy brown and broad terminal and less broad sub-basal black bands, the base brown mottled with ashy and white. Im- mature : huffish to white below, with broader shaft -stripes. Pernis cristatus cristatus Vieill., Tabl. Enc. Meth. Orn., p. 1225 (1823). [Java, type in Paris Mus.] [=P. ptilonorhynchus and P. tweeddalei.] Crested Pern. Europe, N. to Lapland, S. to Spain, N. Italy and Greece, E. to Ural and Asia Minor ; in winter S. to Africa, cas. Canaries. E. Siberia ; in winter to S. China. Java, Sumatra, Malay Pen. Siam ; Borneo ; Philippines 114 Wing ad. (av.) 16.5 in. ; crown and sides of head ashy grey ; general colour chocolate brown ; tail with broad terminal black band and another narrower one nearer base, the wide interspace and basal band ashy bro^^n ; below with distinct black shaft -stripes. 267a. Pernis cristatus ruficolhs Less., Traite, p. 76 (1831); Des Murs, Icon., pi. 14. [Bengal, type in Paris Mus.J [= P. c. dlioti.] Indian Crested Peyn. Smaller ; length ad. 21.5 ; wing 14.7 ; tail 10.5 in. ; above chocolate browTi, the head blackish ; feathers of hind neck margined with rufous ; lores and feathers round eye grey ; throat white, with distinct black shaft -stripes, and black moustachial and central streaks ; chest tawny rufous, with broad central streaks of black ; below white, barred with blackish brown ; tail brown with 5 bars of darker brown and remains of other bars on the inter- spaces, the tip whitish. 26vS. Pernis cdebensis celebensis Walden, Tr. Z. S., viii., p. HI (1872) [Celebes, type in Br. Mus.] Celebes Pern. Indian Peninsula, Ceylon, Assam, Burma ? Celebes. 268a. " Resembling P. c. celebensis, but with a long crest composed of one or two elongated feathers, usually measuring about 2.5 in. and coloured black with white bases ; as a rule, not so richly coloured . . . the transverse banding on belly and under tail-coverts brown and white, not black and white, and black on under wing-coverts also paler." Pernis celebensis steer ei W. Sclat., Bull. B.O.C., xl., p. 41 (1919). [San Antonio, Negros, type in Brit. Mus.] Philipijine Is. (Luzon, Samar, Negros, Mindanao, Basilan.) ADDITIONAL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. 29a. Milvago chimachima cordata Bangs and Panama. Penard, Bull. M.C.Z., Ixii., pp. 25- (1918). 30a. MilvagochimangotemucoensisW.8e\8i,t., Bull. S.Chile. B.O.C., xxxviii., p. 43 (1918). [Palal, near Temuco, pro v. Cantin, type in B.M.] 52a. Climacocercus plumbeus (W. Sclat.), Bull. N.W. B.O.C, xxxviii., p. 44 (1918). [Carondelet, Ecuador. Rio Bogota, prov. Esmaraldas, type in B.M.] 54c. Geranospizias ccerulescens balzarensis W. Ecuador Sclat., Bull. B.O.C, xxxviii., p. 44 (1918). (Guayas [Balzar Mtns., Guyas Prov., type in B.M.] Prov. & Puna I.) 63d. Aslur tachiro tenebrosus Lonnberg, Arch. f. Brit. E. ZooL, xi., No. 5, p. 2 (1917). [Loudiani, Africa. B.E.A.] 123a. Accipiier bicolor schistochlamysIleWinsbyTy'Bull. W. Ecuador. B.O.C, xvi., p. 82 (1906). [Nanegid, W. Ec, type in Tring Mus.] 125a. Accipiter beniensis Lonnberg, Arch. f. ZooL, E. Congo. X., No. 24, p. 13 (1917). [Beni.] 158i. Rupornis magnirostris insidiatrix Bangs and Colombia. Penard, Bull. M.C.Z., Ixii., pp. 25- (1918). 1 66a . Leucopternis ghiesbrechti costaricensis W . Sclat . , Nicaragua . Bull. B.O.C, xxxix., p. 76 (1919). [Carillo, Costa Rica. Costa Rica, type in B.M.] Panama. 204a. Spizaetus batesi W. Sclat., Bull. B.O.C, S. Cameroon, xxxix., p. 87 (1919). Bitye, Ja River, type in B.M.] CORRIGENDA. Pt. 1 p. 3 Geii. V. For PsEUDOGRYPHUS read : Gymnogyps Less. (1842). „ „ „ 3. „ VI. For SiSRPENTARius read: Sagittarius Herman (1783 j: „ „ „ 4 No. 8b. For Oyps fidvus kolhi etc., read : Gyps fulviui coprotheres (Forst.) Naturgesch. African. Vogel, p. 35 (1798). [S. Africa.] Pfc. 2 p. 46 No. 139. For Buteo jakal, etc., read : Buteo ruioiuscus rufofuscus (Forst.) Naturgesch. African. Vogel, p. 59 (1798). [S. Africa.] „ „ „ 46 „ 139a. For Buteo jakal archeri read : Buteo rujofuscus archeri. „ „ „ 72 „ 200c. Delete article and read : Smaller and lacking 2 long crest feathers. SpizaUus nipalensis fokicnsis W. Sclat., S. China. Bull. B.O.C., xl., p. 37 (1919). iFokien (breediug) Prov.y type in B.M.] [Inserted by error in pt. 2 without ref. to publication, owing to delay in pub. of Bull. B.O.C.] C^T [ PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKEl UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRAR\