'fi

f

THE

THELEPHORACEAE

0 F

NORTH AMERICA

NOS. 11-15

by

EDWARD A. BURT

1919-19 36

QK

""T

h Q*S

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI1

Tulasnella, Veluticeps, Mycobonia, Epithele, and

Lachnocladium

EDWARD ANGUS BURT

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden

Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of

Washington University

TULASNELLA

Tulasnella Schroeter, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3: 397. 1888;
Juel, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Bihang till Handl. Afd. III.
23 12: 21. 1897; Arkiv for Bot. 141: 8. 1915; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
14: 234. 1899. — Prototremella Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 2:
267. 1888. — Pachysterigma Johan-Olsen in Brefeld, Untersuch.
Myk. 8: 5. 1889; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1 : 1**) :
117. 1898.

Fungi with the aspect of C Hcium -
globose basidia but h°~ '
bear* 5 ~

/

j

[Vol. 6
254 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

arable at maturity from the basidia which produce them are
not known elsewhere in Basidiomycetes, so far as I am aware.
Juel's material for cytological study proved to be the hymenium
of a Porta infested by two species of Tulasnella. For the
present, it seems less confusing in a taxonomic paper to refer to
the spore-shaped organs permanently attached to the basidia
in species of Tulasnella as sterigmata.

The specimens of Tulasnella which I have seen in vegetative
condition were slightly colored in such colors as livid pink,
dull lavender, and ecru-drab of Ridgway; specimens of all
species fade to pale olive-gray in the herbarium. The spores
were colored in the mass like the fructifications from which
they were obtained in the cases where I secured spore falls on
glass from specimens of my collection, but are hyaline under
high magnification with the microscope. The fructifications
are not adnate, as this term is applied to Peniophora cinerea,
but merely very thin and tender, for when they are moistened
small portions sufficiently large for crushing under a cover glass
may be lifted clean from the substratum with the point of a
scalpel. Such portions spread out well under the cover glass
upon application of pressure and are very satisfactory for
observation of the spores and sterigmata.

The species of Tulasnella are so similar in aspect that one has
to row ^"^n microscopic details — chiefly of the spores and

cognition of the species. Nineteen species

i- but upon such slight dif-

^^+ it seems probable

-vision

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 255

i. Tulasnella Eichleriana Bresadola, Ann. Myc. i: 113.
1903; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 209. 1905; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 25: 32. 1909; Juel, Arkiv for Bot. 141: 8. 1915.

Fructification effused, thin, pale lilac, finally fading to olive-
buff; in structure 20-60 \i thick, composed of interwoven, hya-
line hyphae 3 m in diameter; sterigmata 7-10X3J-4J n; spores
hyaline, even, 3 §-6X3-4 /z.

Fructifications 3-6X1-1? cm.

On rotting wood and bark of frondose species, rarely on conif-
erous substrata. Canada, New Hampshire, New York, Idaho,
and Washington. July to November.

Fig. 1. T. Eichleriana. Young basidium, a,
beginning formation of sterigmata; older basid-
ium, b, having full-grown sterigmata; collapsed
basidium, c, with spore attached to one sterigma;
sterigma, d, bearing a spore; spores, s; hypha, h.
X 870.

T. Eichleriana is noteworthy by having the smallest spores
and sterigmata which are known in the genus. In these details
American collections agree so closely with those of European
specimens of T. Eichleriana that one can hardly doubt their
being this species although authentic specimens have not been
at hand for verification.
Specimens examined:
Canada: J. Macoun, 21.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 13.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 1, 4, 6**, and two

unnumbered specimens (the last three specimens in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55270, 55276, and 55597), and Nos. A

and C (in Farlow Herb.).

[Vol. 6
256 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Massachusetts: Sharon, A.P.D. Piguet, B, E (in Farlow Herb.).

New York: Ithaca, comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 2817.

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 391 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

15657).
Washington: Chehalis C. J. Humphrey, 628 %.

2. T. violea (Quelet) Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui.
25:31. 1909.

Hypochnus violeus Quelet, Ass. Fr. Av. Sci. 1882: 401. 1883.
— Prototremella Tulasnei Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 2: 270.
text f. 1-3. 1888; Essai Taxon. Hym. 27. text f. 19. 1900;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 236. 1891.— Tulasnella Tulasnei (Patouil-
lard) Juel, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Bihang till Handl. Afd. III.
2312: 21. 1897; Arkiv for Bot. 141: 8. 1915; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
14: 234. 1899; Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 114. 1903.— T.
incarnata Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 25: 31. 1909. —
An Corticium incarnatum var. pinicolum Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. V. 15: 227. pi. 10. f. 3-5. 1872?— Not Pachysterigmata
incarnata Johan-Olsen in Brefeld, Untersuch. Myk. 8: 7.
pi. 1. f. 1-2. 1889. — Not Corticium roseolum Karsten, Soc.
pro Fauna et Fl. Fenn. Meddel. 16: 2. 1888.

Illustrations: Patouillard, loc. cit.

Type: specimens determined by Quelet in Bourdot Herb,
and a fragment in Burt Herb.

Fructification effused, thin, livid pink to dull lavender, fading
in the herbarium to olive-buff; in structure 30-70 /x thick, com-
posed of interwoven hyaline hyphae 3 \i in diameter; sterigmata
7-10X5-6 m> with the main portion nearly spherical; spores
subglobose, even, 5-9X4J-6 m-

Fructifications 1J-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad.

On wood and fallen branches of frondose species, rarely on
pine. New England, New York, and Washington. March
to November.

This species is distinguished from T. Eichleriana by larger
spores and sterigmata. The spores are usually about 6 X 5 n,
with a slight point of attachment at the base; the body portion
of the sterigma has about the same dimensions as the spores.
The fructifications are too thin and tender to permit of large

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 257

portions being separated from the substratum, but they are not
adnate, for upon moistening the fructification small portions
large enough for preparation under a cover glass may be lifted
from the substratum with the point of a scalpel.

It seems probable that Corticium incarnatum var. pinicolum
Tul. must have been either the present species or T. Eichleriana,
on account of the subglobose spores which the Tulasnes figured,
although unfortunately without stating spore dimensions or
scale of magnification of their figures.

Von Hohnel & Litschauer have published1 that Corticium
roseolum Karst. is the same species as Tulasnella Tulasnei.
I have studied an authentic specimen of C. roseolum communi-
cated to me by Karsten; this species is not distinguishable in

Fig. 2. T. violea. Young basidium, y; young basidium, a,
forming sterigmata; basidium, b, with nearly full-grown sterig-
mata; old, collapsed basidium, c, from whose sterigmata the
spores have fallen; spores, s. X 870. From specimen deter-
mined by Quelet.

coloration and aspect from several sendings of T. Tulasnei
( = T. violea), also on Betula, received from Romell and cited
below, but it is entirely different in microscopic characters.
This specimen of C. roseolum agrees well with the description
published by Karsten; its spores are hyaline, even, 4-6 X 3-3 i n,
borne 4 to a basidium on very slender sterigmata of the usual
Corticium kind; the basidia are simple, cylindric or clavate,
9-10X4-4| /x; the hyphae are sometimes nodose-septate, and
some are incrusted in the region of the substratum. Karsten's
publication of Corticium roseolum antedates that by Massee and
renders unnecessary Corticium subroseum Sacc. & Syd. in
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 223. 1899.

1 K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Sitzungsber. 115: 1557. 1906.

258

[Vol. 6

ANNALS OF THE MISSOTJKI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 125, 141, 142, 143, 149, 150, 184.
Austria-Hungary: Sonntagberg, Strasser, comm. by Bresadola

under the name T. incarnata.
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, comm. by H. Bourdot, 15423;

Allier, H. Bourdot, 1798, determined by Quelet, and 8765

under the name T. incarnata.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.
Vermont: Little Notch, Bristol, E. A. Burt; Middlebury, E. A.

Burt; Chapman's Mill, Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.);

Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow, N (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55002); Sherborn, H. P. Morse,

comm. by W. G. Farlow; Waltham, W. G. Farlow (in

Farlow Herb.).
New York: East Gal way, E. A. Burt.
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 906.

3. T. fusco-violacea Bresadola, Fungi Tridentini 2: 98. pi.
210. f. 1. 1900; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 203. 1902; Bourdot
& Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 25: 31. 1909; Juel, Arkiv for
Bot. 141: 8. 1915.

Illustrations: Bresadola, Fungi Tridentini 2: pi. 210. f. 1.
Type: authentic specimen in Burt Herb.
Fructification effused, thin, ecru-drab, fading to pale smoke-
gray and pale olive-gray in the
herbarium; in structure 40-60
fi thick, composed of hyaline,in-
terwoven hyphae 4-5 m in diam-
eter; sterigmata 12-15 X 4 J-6 n;
spores hyaline under the micro-
scope, even, 10-15X3-5 /*•

Fructifications 3-5 cm. in di-
ameter.

On bark of Abies and some-
times of frondose species. New
Hampshire to Pennsylvania.
August to December. Rare.

Fig. 3. T. fusco-violacea. Basidium, c,
with fully developed sterigmata; spores,
8; hypha, h. X 870. From authentic
specimen from Bresadola. One spore
shows a curious projection.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 259

T. fusco-violacea is distinguished from the other species
hitherto found in North America by having slender and elon-
gated, rather than subglobose, spores. Bresadola described the
color of the fructification as fusco-violaceous when in vegetative
condition, drying lilacinus; I have seen dried specimens only,
and that from Bresadola is now pale smoke-gray.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, J+18.
Tyrol: Cavalente, G. Bresadola.
New Hampshire: Crawford Notch, L. 0. Overholts, 4883 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56076).
Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 53.

VELUTICEPS

Veluticeps Cooke emend. Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. io:
78. pi. 3.J.I. 1894; Cooke, Grevillea 8: 148. 1880 (in part).—
Veluticeps as a section of Hymenochaete Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27: 116. 1890; not of Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 600. 1888.

Hymenium velvety with fascicles of colored, flexuous hyphae.

The type species is Veluticeps Berkeleyi Cooke, which was
published originally as Hymenochaete veluticeps Berk. & Curtis.

The fructifications are pileate in the species best known;
either dimidiate in our single Cuban species or sessile and
attached by the vertex in the species occurring on the opposite
side of the world in New South Wales. In both species the
fascicles of colored hyphae are 800 n or more long, about 40-60 n
in diameter, and traverse the whole or a large part of the fructi-
fication perpendicular to the surface of the hymenium, beyond
which they protrude up to 40-100 /x. The colored hyphae com-
posing the fascicles are about 4§ /x in diameter, cylindric, some-
times granule-incrusted — especially in the deeper portions of
the fructification — and are closely crowded together, perhaps
20 or more to a fascicle; they have the character of the colored
cystidia, which are scattered between the basidia in the hyme-
nium of Stereum abietinum, S. glaucescens, and S. abnormis,
rather than of the conical, pointed setae characteristic of species
of Hymenochaete. The genera Mycobonia and Epithele are
closely related to Veluticeps by fascicles of hyphae protruding

[Vol. 6

260

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

from the hymenium, but have the fascicles composed of hyaline
hyphae.

Veluticeps Berkeleyi Cooke, Grevillea 8: 149. 1880; Pat-
ouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. io: 77. pi. S.J.I. 1894.

Hymenochaete veluticeps Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
io: 333. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 600. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 116. 1890.

Illustrations: Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 10: pi S.f.l.
Type: in Kew Herb, and in Curtis Herb.
Fructification dimidiate, coriaceous, hard and brittle, on the
upper side brown, sulcate-zonate, velutinous, becoming glabrous;
hymenium pallid cinnamon, plane, thickly studded with pro-
truding fascicles of very dark
hyphae; in structure 1-2 mm.
thick, composed throughout of
colored hyphae arranged in three
layers, a broad intermediate layer
of longitudinally arranged hyphae
which turn upward on the upper
side to form the velutinous surface
layer and turn downward on the
opposite side and terminate in
the hymenium ; bister -c olored
hyphal fascicles 40-60 /z in diam-
eter, 800 m or more long, extend
through the under layer of tawny olive subhymenial hyphae and
protrude up to 40-60 m beyond the basidia; spores not found.

On logs in woods, often on the under side. May, July.
Cuba.

V. Berkeleyi may be recognized by its aspect of a Hydnum
which upon close examination shows its teeth-like projections on
the hymenial side to be really hyphal fascicles not covered by the
hymenium. The spores were found to be ovoid and hyaline by
Patouillard. Six collections of this species by C. Wright are
reported by Berkeley & Curtis in Fungi Cubenses, from which it
would seem that the species is common, but I have been able to
see no more recent collections from any source. It is possible

Fig. 4. V. Berkeleyi. Section of
fructification at left, showing hyphal
fascicles, X 19; at right, a single
fascicle, X 90.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 261

that my correspondents have roughly classified their collections
of this species as a Hydnum and withheld specimens of it.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 264 (in Curtis Herb.).

In working over the species of Aleurodiscus which have been
described, I found that the Aleurodiscus tabacinus Cooke should
be transferred to Veluticeps. Although the species is extra
limital and not likely to be found in North America, I now
make this transfer and add the following notes on structure :

Veluticeps tabacina (Cooke) Burt, n. comb.

A leurodiscus tabacinus Cooke, Grevillea 14: 11. 1885; Handb.
Australian Fungi, 193. 1892. — Corticium tabacinum (Cooke)
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 607. 1888.

Fructifications pileate, hemispherical or cup-shaped, sessile,
apparently attached by the vertex, drying nearly black; in
structure 800 n thick, with a nearly black, crust-like zone on the
upper side, from which a broad layer of hyaline hyphae extends
to the hymenium and is traversed by brown hyphal fascicles;
hymenium drying Verona brown, not covering the protruding
fascicles; fascicles about 6 to a mm., 50-60 n in diameter, up to
900 n long, protruding up to 100 m beyond the hymenium, com-
posed of flexuous, colored hyphae 3 n in diameter; basidia simple,
100X9-10 ;u, bearing the spores on 4 slender sterigmata; spores
hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 16X6 /z-

Fructifications 2-3 mm. in diameter, 1-1 J mm. thick.

On wood. New South Wales.

V. tabacina is distinct from V. Berkeleyi by attachment of its
pileus by the center, and by its hyaline substance and sub-
hymenial tissue; when a fertile specimen of V. Berkeleyi is
available, a difference in spores may perhaps be found.

Specimens examined:
Australia: New South Wales, comm. by G. Massee (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.).

MYCOBONIA

Mycobonia Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 10: 76. 1894
(with diagnosis under Bonia Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 8:

[Vol. 6
262 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

48. 1892, but not Bonia Balansa). — Grandinioides Banker,
Torr. Bot. Club Mem. 12: 179. 1906.

Thelephoraceous fungi having the hymenium bristling with
short cylindric fascicles of hyaline hyphae which arise from the
subhymenial tissue.

The type species is Mycobonia flava.

Patouillard intended at first that this genus should include
both resupinate and pileate species, but he soon transferred the
known resupinate species to Heterochaete on account of the
longitudinally septate basidia. A few years later he introduced
Epithele in connection with resupinate species, having hyphal
fascicles like those of Mycobonia flava. *

Key to the Species

Fructification sessile 1 . M. flava

Fructification stipitate 2. M. brunneoleuca

i. Mycobonia flava (Swartz) Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr.
Bui. 10: 76. pi 3. f. 2. 1894; Ibid. 16: 180. 1900.

Hydnum flavum Swartz ex Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
1. 10: 380. pi 10. f. 8. 1842; Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 324.
1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 456. 1888.— Peziza flava Swartz,
Prodr. 150. 1788; Fl. Ind. Oc. 3: 1939. 1806.— Bonia flava
(Berk.) Patouillard in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1.
1**): 123. text f. 68G-H. 1898.— Grandinioides flavum
(Swartz) Banker, Torr. Bot. Club Mem. 12: 179. 1906.

Illustrations: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 10: pi 10. f. 8; Myc.
Soc. Fr. Bui. 10: pi S.j. 2; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
(1. 1**): textf.68G-H.

Type: in British Mus. Herb, according to Berkeley, loc. cit.

Fructification coriaceous, convex, somewhat orbicular to reni-
form, sessile, attached by a point on one side, even, glabrous,
drying ochraceous buff to cinnamon; hymenium ochraceous
buff, with numerous short hyphal fascicles suggesting the
teeth of a Hydnum; fascicles cylindric, 5-6 to a mm., 60-120 X
40-60 fj., composed of hyaline or subhyaline hyphae; basidia
simple, clavate, 30X6-7 J m; spores hyaline, even, 10-16X6 m,
not seen attached to the basidia.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, 1 J— 3 cm. broad.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI

263

On fallen branches and old logs. Florida, Louisiana, Jamaica,
West Indies, and Venezuela. August to November.

When examined by the naked eye or with a magnifying glass,
M. flava is not distinguishable from a Hydnum, but when sections
are examined with the compound microscope, the hymenium is
found to be a plane surface pierced here and there by the pro-
truding fascicles of hyphae. The spore dimensions are those
of spores which were on the surface of the hymenium. A
specimen in the collection from Florida has a stem 1 mm. long,
but the spores are 13X6 J m and other characters such that I
refer the collection to M . flava.

Fig. 5. M . flava. Section of fructification, a, showing hyphal
fascicles, /, X 90; spores, s, X 870.

Specimens examined:

Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43985).

Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois.

Cuba: C. Wright (in Curtis Herb.) ; Guantonamo (in Weir Herb.,
10849) ; Pinar del Rio San Diego de los Banos, N. L. Britton,
F. S. Earle & C. S. Gager, 6823 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56075); Puerto
Principe, F. S. Earle, 812.

2. M. brunneoleuca (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Myc. Soc.
Fr. Bui. 16: 181. 1900; Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles Fr. 233. 1903.

Hydnum brunneoleucum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Trans. 22:
129. 1857; Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 325. 1868; Sacc. Syll.

[Vol. 6
264 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fung. 6: 457. 1888. — Grandinioides flavum (Swartz) Banker,
Torr. Bot. Club Mem. 12: 179. 1906 (in part).

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Pileus helmet-shaped to flabelliform, vaulted, thin, yellowish
brown, slightly streaked behind, glabrous; stem very short,
brownish; hymenium whitish, sprinkled with many scattered
strong bristles.

Pileus 3J-4 cm. long, nearly as broad.

On dead wood. Martinique and Venezuela.

Patouillard has noted in the place cited that the pileus may
attain a diameter of 15 cm., and that the stem is short, thick,
and black at the base. Banker includes M . brunneoleuca in
M . flava as a poorly developed form.

I have examined no specimens of M. brunneoleuca. The
description of the species is that given by Berkeley & Curtis.

EPITHELE

Epithele (as a section of Hypochnus) Patouillard, Myc. Soc.
Fr. Bui. 15: 202. 1899.— Epithele Patouillard, Essai Taxon.
Hym. 59. 1900; Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles Fr. 226. 1903; v.
Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1595.
1906; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 264. 1911.

Resupinate thelephoraceous fungi lacking an intermediate
layer and having the hymenium bristling with short cylindric
fascicles of hyaline hyphae which arise from the subhymenial
tissue.

The type species is Epithele Dussii.

The four species of Epithele, known at present, are very thin
and delicate in structure and constitute a natural group which
is not connected with Mycobonia by thick resupinate species
with either an intermediate layer or with a doubtful inter-
mediate layer — doubtful merely because the hyphae are inter-
woven rather than arranged longitudinally in the region of the
intermediate layer. Epithele Typhae (Pers.) Pat. is a frequent
species in Europe on dead leaf bases of Typha; if present in the
United States, it may have been regarded as one of the Hyd-
naceae on account of the hyphal fascicles in the hymenium.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 265

Key to the Species

Fructification elliptical, white; spores 6-7X22-3 m! on tree fern I.E. Dussii

Fructification interruptedly effused, sulphur-yellow; spores 9-12X7-9 m; on

palmetto 2. E. sulphurea

i. Epithele Dussii Patouillard, Essai Taxon. Hym. 59. 1900;
Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles Fr. 226. 1903.

Hypochnus Dussii Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 15: 202.
1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 197. 1902.— Peniophora Dussii
(Patouillard) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungs-
ber. 116: 749. textf. 2. 1907.

Fructification resupinate, very thin, strongly adhering, form-
ing a coating well denned, white or whitish, 3-15X3-4 mm.;
fascicles very numerous, erect, white, 20-25 /x in diameter, pro-
truding up to 100 /x, composed of hyphae; basidia 2- or 4-spored,
13X6 m; spores hyaline, even, attenuated towards the apex,
6-7X2J-3 m; layer between hymenium and substratum about
20 m thick.

On dead trunks of tree ferns. Guadeloupe and Venezuela.

The type, which I have not seen, was collected on the dead
trunk of Alsophila aspera. The collection from Venezuela,
cited below, although lacking spores, has the characteristic
hyphal fascicles of Epithele Dussii and agrees well with Patouil-
lard's description except in being broadly effused. This speci-
men is 10 cm. long, 1| cm. wide, and broken off with the sub-
stratum along one side and at both ends; hence the fructifications
probably become long and widely effused.

Specimens examined:
Venezuela: Mt. El Val, A. F. Blakeslee, J2, comm. by W. G.

Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13614).

2. E. sulphurea Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Farlow Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, interruptedly effused, drying pale
sulphur-yellow to marguerite-yellow; in structure 300 n thick,
composed of loosely interwoven, thick-walled, hyaline hyphae
2-3 fM in diameter; fascicles about 9 to a mm., 15-30 \i in diameter,
protruding up to 100 ju, composed of hyaline hyphae; basidia

[Yol. 6
266 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

simple, 8-10 m in diameter, 4-spored; spores hyaline, even,
9-12X7-9 m.

i&£&i^£fe£&^

Slr

Fig. 6. E. sulphured. Section of fructification,
a, showing hyphal fascicles, /, X 19; basidium, b,
and spores, s, X 650.

On palmetto. Florida. Autumn.

E. sulphured is noteworthy by its greenish yellow color and
spores much larger than those of other species of this genus.
Collections of this species are likely to be included in Hydnum
or Odontia, unless examination of sectional preparations is made
with the microscope to show that teeth covered by the hymenium
are not present.

Specimens examined:
Florida: Palm Beach, R. Thaxter, 52, type (in Farlow Herb, and

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43940).

LACHNOCLADIUM

Lachnocladium LeVeille in d'Orbigny, Diet. Hist. Nat. 8: 487.
1846; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour, io: 192. 1888;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 738. 1888; Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 3:
23. pi 1. 1889; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1 : 1**) :
137. 1898.— Eriocladus LeVeilte, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5:
158. 1846, but not of Lindley.

Fructifications coriaceous or somewhat coriaceous, branched,
tomentose; branches compressed or terete; coralloid fungi
growing on wood or on the ground.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 267

This genus was founded upon a group of seven species, of
which none was designated as the type species.

The distinctive characters of Lachnocladium are coriaceous
consistency and more or less hairy covering of fructifications;
by these characters the genus is distinguished from Clavaria.
At the time of publication of Lachnocladium under the name
Eriocladus, as first proposed, Leveille* restricted the Persoonian
genus Merisma to glabrous, coriaceous, branched species of the
Clavariaceae. He had Clavaria include fleshy species only,
Merisma, the glabrous coriaceous species, and Lachnocladium,
tomentose species so tomentose that the branches were tomen-
tose. Mycologists have not accepted Merisma as understood
by Leveille* ; they have transferred to Pterula most of the species
which LeVeille had in Merisma, and have by their usage modified
the idea of Lachnocladium by publishing as members of this
genus many species which do not have their branches tomentose
but differ from branched species of Clavaria by being coriaceous.

Lachnocladium comprises a series of species parallel with
Clavaria; some of the species have hyaline spores, others have
more or less ochraceous spores, some, even spores, and some,
rough-walled to aculeate spores. Species with dark-colored,
more or less rough-walled to muricate spores are better refer-
able to Thelephora.

LeVeille regarded Lachnocladium as one of the Clavariaceae
and the genus is located there in Saccardo's ' Sylloge Fungorum'
and by Hennings in Engler & Prantl's 'Nat. Pflanzenfam.'
Berkeley & Curtis arranged the species of Lachnocladium be-
tween those of Thelephora and Stereum in their 'Notices of
North American Fungi'1 and 'Fungi Cubenses.'2 Patouillard
includes Lachnocladium in his series of Thelephores. In North
America there are no species connecting, or intermediate be-
tween, Lachnocladium and Thelephora. While I have had no
opportunity to study the various exotic species with dark-
colored, echinulate spores which have been published as Lach-
nocladium, it seems very probable that the transfer of such
species to Thelephora near Thelephora anthocephala would

iGrevillea 1: 161. 1873.

2 Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, io: 330. 1868.

[Vol. 6
268 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

leave the remaining species of Lachnocladium clearly in the
Clavariaceae.

I include Lachnocladium for reference by students of the
Thelephoraceae because some authors have regarded it as a mem-
ber of the latter family.

Collectors' field notes on whether the species are coriaceous
or fleshy at the time of collecting are necessary for sharply
separating Lachnocladium and Clavaria, for it is evident that
these characters may not be well shown in the case of dried
specimens of some species.

Key to the Species

Spores hyaline 1

Spores more or less ochraceous 4

Spores dark-colored; in Guadeloupe 11. L. guadelupense

1 . Spores ovoid or cylindric 2

1. Spores subglobose 3

2. Spores even, 3-4£X2-2£ n; radiately branched organs like those of

Asterostroma present; Cuba to Brazil 1. L. brasiliense

2. Spores even, 9X6 /*; fructification somewhat cartilaginous; in Cuba. . .

2. L. cartilagineum

2. Spores even, 6-12X3-3£ n; fructification dry, 2^-4 cm. high; on rotting

leaves, Vermont to Ohio 3. L. Micheneri

2. Spores even, 12-15X5-6^; fructification 3-4 cm. high, everywhere clothed

with whitish down; in Pennsylvania 4. L. semivestitum

2. Spores 7-10X2|-4£ m; fructifications 8 cm. high; on wood; Connec-
ticut 12 L. odoratum

3. Spores even, 3-3^X2^-3 m; fructification 2\ cm. high; on the ground, New

Jersey and Pennsylvania 5.L. subsimile

3. Spores even, 3f-4£ n in diameter; [fructification 4 cm. high; on wood, Cuba

6, L. cervinum

3. Spores even, 9^X8-9 n; on the ground, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and

New York 7. L bicolor

4. Spores even, 7-12X4^-6 n) fructification velvety, ochraceous-ferru-

ginous, 7-12 cm. high; on rotten wood, South America ... .5. L. furcellatum ■
4. Spores even, 6-7 X 3-3^ n) fructification drying drab, clothed with a gray

down, 8 cm. high; on wood, West Virginia 9. L. erectum

4. Spores even, 9-10 X 4£-5£ n) stem 1 cm. in diameter; branch portion 6-7

cm. high, 5-6 cm. broad; North Carolina 10. L. Atkinsonii

i. Lachnocladium brasiliense Leveille*, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
III. 5: 159. 1846 (Eriocladus) ; Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 330. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 738. 1888; Patouil-
lard, Jour, de Bot. 3: 26. pi 1. f. 5. 1889. Plate 5, fig. 1.

Illustrations: Patouillard, loc. cit.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 269

Type : stated by LeVeille to be in De Candolle Herb. ; Patouil-
lard notes a specimen of original locality and collector — Bahia,
Blanchet — in Museum of Paris Herb.

Fructification very short-stipitate, most highly branched,
coriaceous, drying to tawny olive; branches solid, terete, dichot-
omous, with slender acute tips; spores hyaline, even, 3-4 J X
2-2 1 fi, borne on simple basidia; underneath the hymenium
radiately branched organs like those of Aster ostroma, pale-
colored, with slender, flexuous rays up to 30X3 n, are abundant

Fig. 7. L. brasiliense. Antler-shaped and star-
shaped organs, a; spores, s. X 870.

and form the outer part of the medullary part of the branches
and the somewhat spongy outer surface of the fructification
where the hymenium is absent.

Fructifications 3-5 cm. high, about 3 cm. in diameter.

On rotting wood. Cuba to Brazil.

L. brasiliense is distinguished by its small, hyaline spores and
by the brownish, antler-shaped and star-shaped organs, the
latter suggestive of those of Asterostroma, which are abundant
underneath the hymenium and form the sterile surface else-
where.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright (in Curtis Herb., under the name Thelephora
brasiliensis Lev.); C. Wright, 831, under the name Lach-
nocladium furcellatum (in Curtis Herb, and in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 43838).

2. L. cartilagineum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
io: 330. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 739. 1888; Patouillard,
Jour, de Bot. 3: 26. pi l.f. 4. 1889. Plate 5, fig. 2.

Illustrations: Patouillard, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

[Vol. 6
270 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications somewhat cartilaginous, erect, drying honey-
yellow to olive-brown, densely and repeatedly branched above;
branches cylindric, very sharp-pointed; stem
/ — ] slender, cylindric, strigose-hairy at the base;

spores hyaline, even, 9X6 ju, slightly flattened

a 0

on one side, apiculate.
Fig# g. Fructifications 4 cm. high, 1-2 J cm. in diam-

L. cartilagineum. eter; stem l§-2 cm. long, 1§— 2 mm. in diameter.
Spores, x 870. 0n the groun(i. October. Cuba.

Patouillard has noted the spores of this species as ochraceous
and a little smaller than I find them. The spores are very
abundant in preparations from the type specimen, but the
basidia are not well enough preserved to demonstrate whether
simple or longitudinally cruciately septate.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 204, type (in Curtis Herb.).

3. L. Micheneri Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 161. 1873;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 192. 1888;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 739. 1888; Hard, Mushrooms, 476. text
f. Jfil. 1908. Plate 5, fig. 3.

Clavaria fragrans Ell. & Ev. N. Am. Fungi, 2023. 1888.
See Cooke, Grevillea 17: 59. 1889. — An Lachnocladium odo-
ratum Atkinson, Ann. Myc. 6: 58; 1908?

Illustrations: Hard, Mushrooms, textf. 401.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications gregarious, coriaceous, dry, repeatedly forked
and branched and drying drab-gray above; stem cylindric,

light buff, tomentose below, arising singly

0/^) or in a few individuals from more or

<f*\ C\ 0(P ^ess effused> mycelial patches on decaying
a, 04- leaves; smaller branches filiform, flexuous,

F* L Mh with paler tips ; irregular, tomentose patches

Spores, x 87; a, from type; at various places on main trunk, branches,
b, from Burt coll. or axils of branches where hymenium has

failed to develop; hymenium glabrous,
no cystidia nor hairs present; spores hyaline, even, 6-12-
X3-3J M.

1919]

BURT TKELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 271

Fructifications 2^-4 cm. high, 1-1 \ cm. broad; main stem 2-3
mm. in diameter.

On rotting leaves in groves. Canada to New Jersey and
westward to Missouri.

This species forms an orbicular, villose or mycelial patch on
the surface of leaves — very often beech leaves — and from these
patches arise one or two stems, which are tomentose below.
In the field notes of this species I have the record, " bitter to
taste/ ' but the dried specimens are not bitter now.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2023, type distribution of

Clavaria fragrans; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1022.
Canada: Ontario, London, J. Dearness, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col.,

1022.
Vermont: Newfane, C. D. Howe; Sudbury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Snyders, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56113).
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

2023.
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 479, type (in Curtis Herb., 3534);

Bethlehem, Schweinitz, the Clavaria crispula and C. bys-

siseda of Schweinitz, Syn. N. Am. Fungi, 1024 and 1034

respectively (in Herb. Schweinitz).
Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3817 (in Lloyd Herb., Burt Herb., Farlow

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44653); Oxford, L. 0.

Overholts, 1487 (in Overholts Herb.).
Missouri: Wickes, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43813.)

4. L. semivestitum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 161. 1873;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 192. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 739. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 4.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, erect, repeatedly furcate-branched,
the branches terete, rather straight, rising rather close together,
everywhere clothed with whitish down except on the final
branchlets, drying between light brownish olive and buffy
brown; spores of the type hyaline, even, 12-15X5-6 n.

Fructifications 3-4 cm. high, about 1 cm. in diameter across
branches.

[Vol. 6
272 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On the ground. Pennsylvania.

The fructifications of L. semivestitum probably occur solitary

or gregarious on the ground. Distinguishing characters are
slender, erect habit of growth, appressed branches,
and large, hyaline, even spores. In the dried
specimen the branches are pruinose rather than
hairy. Cooke referred to L. semivestitum the
specimens distributed by Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

L semivestitum. Fungi, 2024, under the name Clavaria velutina Ell.

Spores, x 870; & Ev. without description, and Ellis & Everhart

from type. distributed in Fungi Col., 808, under the name

L. semivestitum specimens growing on rotten wood

in West Virginia, but neither of these distributions can be L.

semivestitum, for their spores are much too small.
Specimens examined:

Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 1184, type (in Curtis Herb., 4260).

5. L. subsimile Berk. Grevillea i: 161. 1873; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 739. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 5.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, slender, delicately and repeatedly

dichotomously branched, minutely tomentose except on the

branchlets, drying between light brownish

^ 0 0 olive and buffy brown; spores hyaline, even,

* lO O 3-3|X2|-3 M. '

Fructification 2| cm. high, \ cm. in diameter.
Fig. n. On ground in woods. New Jersey and Penn-

Sport^"'; a, sylvania. September.

from type; b, from L. subsimile in its dried condition has colora-
Michener specimen tion and general aspect very like L. semivestitum

Herb10' ^ Gard* but the branches of the former curve rather
more apart at the axils and are not as closely

appressed above. Only three spores were found in a preparation
from the specimen in Curtis Herb., which may be rather im-
mature; these spores are very small in comparison with those of
L. semivestitum. The specimen distributed in Ell. & Ev., N.
Am. Fungi, 2024, under the name Clavaria velutina E. & E.,
without description, and the collection from Pennsylvania, both

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 273

of which are cited below as L. subsimile, have their spores some-
what rough and may be specifically distinct from this species.
Nevertheless I am inclined to regard both collections as the
fully mature L. subsimile. The type of L. subsimile was pub-
lished as Curtis Herb. No. 4600, which appears to be an error for
4690, the number borne by the specimen to which other data
point as the specimen referred to by the description. Ellis notes
for his distribution, "Milk white when fresh. Spores white."

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2024, under the name

Clavaria velutina.
New Jersey: Laning, 49, probable type (in Curtis Herb., 4690);

Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2024.
Pennsylvania: E. Michener (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56077).

6. L. cervinum (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Jour, de Bot.
3:26. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 9.

Clavaria cervina Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, io:
338. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 716. 1888.— Clavaria pallida
Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, io: 338. 1868; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 714. 1888. — Lachnocladium pallidum (Berk. &
Curtis) Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. .3: 26. 1888.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, branched, becoming tawny olive in
the herbarium, hairy with hyaline, thin-walled
hairs 1\ /x in diameter which protrude 10 m beyond O ^

the basidia and are longer on the stem; branches O O
repeatedly forked, slender, with very acute tips; Fis- 12-

spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 3f-4J p. s^^Tsro.

Fructifications 4 cm. high.

On dead wood. Cuba. July.

The type of C. pallida is a little more densely branched than
that of C. cervina, but the specimens are so similar in other
respects that they can hardly be regarded as different species.
Patouillard published the spores as pale ochraceous, but I
find them hyaline as seen with the microscope.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 235, type (in Curtis Herb.); C. Wright, 256,
type of Clavaria pallida (in Curtis Herb.).

[Vol. 6
274 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

7. L. bicolor (Peck) Burt, n. comb. Plate 5, fig. 6.
Clavaria bicolor Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 954. 1902.

Not C. bicolor Massee, Kew Bui. 1901 : 154. 1901. — C. Peckii
Sacc. & D. Sacc. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 196. 1905. — C. vestipes
Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 116: 35. 1907.
Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructifications small, 2-2 J cm. high, gregarious;
fo stem slender, 1-2 mm. thick, straight or flexuous,

O O s°hd> tomentose, pale yellow, divided above into
\y two or more short, orange-colored, compressed

branches which are themselves once or twice
L. bicolor. dichotomously divided; tips acute, concolorous.
Spores, x 870. Under pine trees. New Hampshire, Massachu-
setts, and New York. August and September.
The specimens which I have referred to this species are larger
in the Massachusetts collection and range from 2| to 5 cm. high;
towards the base the stem is hirsute-tomentose and has
dried tawny olive, honey-yellow in the upper portions; the
basidia are 45X8 n, with two sterigmata; and the spores are
hyaline, even, subglobose, 9|X8-9 m- Verification by com-
parison with the type was overlooked.

Specimens examined:
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.).
Massachusetts: Coolidge Point, Magnolia, W. G. Farlow.

8. L. furcellatum (Fries) Leveille, as understood by Patouii-
lard, Jour, de Bot. 3 : 26. pi. l.f.3. 1889; Leveilte, Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. III. 5: 159. 1846 (Eriocladus) ; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 738. 1888; Not of Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
330. 1868. Plate 5, fig. 7.

Clavaria furcellata Fries, Linnaea 5: 531. 1830; Epicr. 576.
1838.

Illustrations: Plumier, Filic. Am. pi. 168. f. L. 1705; Patouil-
lard, Jour, de Bot. 3: pi. l.f. 3. 1889.

Fructifications ascending, somewhat ferruginous, with
branches solid, repeatedly dichotomous, distant, rather tough,
velvety, acuminate.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI

275

Fructifications 7-12 cm. high, pallid ferruginous to ochraceous
ferruginous. On rotting wood.

The original description, of which the above is a translation,
was based upon collections from Guiana by Roxburgh and
Brazil by Beyrich, with reference to the same species of a col-
lection from Bourbon Island by Bory, which differed from the
South American specimens by decumbent habit, etc.

At the time of publication of L. furcellatum, Fries gave only
characters sufficient to distinguish this species from an earlier
species, L. tubulosum, occurring in the same region and having
hollow branches. In the course of time several species of

o

o

Fig. 14. L. furcellatum. Portion of hy-
menium showing basidia and a hair, a; spores,
s. X 870. From Colombia coll.

South American Lachnocladium with solid stems have been recog-
nized, but I have so far failed to find any study upon the original
specimens of Clavaria furcellata Fries — if these specimens still
exist — which gives their microscopical characters and will decide
whether L. furcellatum as understood by Patouillard or some
other Lachnocladium with solid branches, is the true L. furcel-
latum (Fries) LeV. The collection from Santa Marta, Colom-
bia, by C. F. Baker, which he distributed under the name L.
brasiliense upon my determination, I now regard as agreeing
more closely with the original description of L. furcellatum than

[Vol. 6
276 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

other specimens which I have seen and it has the additional
characters published for L. furcellatum by Patouillard.

These specimens are tough and certainly coriaceous rather
than fleshy, have dried hair-brown below, with final branchlets
pinkish buff, everywhere hairy with weak, hyaline hairs 1 n in
diameter, which protrude beyond the basidia except along the
tips of the branchlets; spores becoming pale ochraceous, even,
7-12X4J-6 fji, apiculate.

The specimens of L. furcellatum of Berk. & Curtis, Fungi
Cubenses, are of two species. That collected in Cuba by C.
Wright, 831, is L. brasiliense; the other by C. Wright, 839, has
small hyaline, even spores 3-4X3 m but lacks the radiately
branched organs characteristic of L. brasiliense.

Specimens examined:
Colombia: Bonda, C. F. Baker, 14, distributed under the name
Lachnocladium brasiliense.

g. L. erectum Burt, n. sp. Plate 5, fig. 8.

Type: in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 808, copy in Burt Herb.

Fructifications of the type arise in a cluster of three from a

common point, soon repeatedly dichotomously branched, with

branches erect, close together, coriaceous, com-

O' /-% pressed, drying drab, clothed with a gray down

</p ^-^V_> whose hyphae are 50-200 m long; fertile tips of

the branches cylindric, flexuous, solid, $-1 cm.

Fig. 15. long, bearing the hymenium on all sides; spores

L. erectum. very pale yellowish under the microscope, even,

Spores, X 870. 6_7X3-3| fi.

Cluster of fructifications 8 cm. high, 2\ cm. in diameter in the
branched portion; individual stems 1 cm. high, about 2 mm. in
diameter; branches about 1 mm. in diameter.

On rotten frondose wood. West Virginia. September.

L. erectum may be distinguished from the other species of its
genus in the eastern United States by occurrence on a woody
substratum, by its slender, erect habit of growth and appressed
branches, by the soft, downy pubescence of weak hyaline hyphae
which stand out at right angles from the stem and branches, and
by the small, oblong, apparently slightly colored spores.

1919]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XI 277

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 808, type distribution under

the name Lachnocladium semivestitum.
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi

Col., 808.

10. L. Atkinsonii Bresadola in Atkinson, Jour. Myc. 8: 119.
1902; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 198. 1905.

Type: in Cornell Univ. Herb., 4216.

Fructifications somewhat coriaceous; stem elongated, com-
pressed-canaliculate, pallid, tomentose, 5-6 cm. long, 1 cm.
thick, somewhat quadrifid at the apex; branches compressed,
sulcate, repeatedly verticillate-, or dichotomo-, divided, tomen-
tose on the sterile side, lurid ochraceous; branchlets somewhat
terete, furcate at the apex, straw-yellow; spores hyaline or some-
what straw-colored, even, amygdaliform-oblong or somewhat
cylindric, 9-10X4§-5^ m; basidia clavate.

Dimensions of the branched portion 6-7 cm. high, 5-6 cm.
broad. Blowing Rock, North Carolina. August.

A beautiful species approaching the Clavariae but included in
Lachnocladium on account of having the hymenium unilateral
and the stem evidently somewhat waxy.

The above is a translation of the original description of this
species of which I have seen no specimens.

11. L. guadelupense (LeVeille) Patouillard, Jour, de Bot.
3:33. pl.l.f.7. 1889.

Merisma guadelupense LeVeill6, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5:
157. 1846. — Pterula guadalupensis (Leveille) Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 742. 1888.

Illustration: Patouillard, loc. cit.

Type: in Museum of Paris Herb., according to Leveille*.

Fructification with very short stem, coriaceous, branched;
branches very thin, elongated, fastigiate, compressed, dichoto-
mous, becoming fuscous; terminal branchlets very short, naked,
acute; spores brown, warted, apiculate at base, 12X6 n.

Stem hardly 1 cm. long.

Guadeloupe.

[Vol. 6
278 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN

The above description is a translation of the original descrip-
tion with addition of the spore characters as given by Patouil-
lard. Perhaps the species could be transferred to Thelephora
with advantage on account of the dark spores; I have seen no
specimens. Bresadola includes this species in Pterula, in Ann.
Myc. 14: 233. 1916, and gives Pterula aurantiaca P. Henn. and
P. squarrosa P. Henn. as synonyms.

12. L. odoratum Atkinson, Ann. Myc. 6: 58. 1908; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 21 : 436. 1912.

Type: in Cornell Univ. Herb., 18618.

" Plants 8 cm. high, bases clustered and covered with white
mycelium, branches yellowish or grayish, becoming brownish
where bruised, branching several times dichotomously, ultimate
branches tapering, branched at very tip to make short acute
points, branches faintly tinged lemon-yellow, brownish red at
very tip, all of larger branches suffused with a reddish tinge,
and here and there laterally tomentose, and sterile. Spores
transparent, 7-10 X 3^-4^ m.

" C. U. Herb., No. 18618, growing on very much decayed wood,
showing long white cords of mycelium. Connecticut, E. A.
White."

The above is the original description. I have seen no authen-
tic specimens but think that they should be compared with
L. Micheneri and L. erectum.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Pterula setosa Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 27: 105.
1875, was transferred to Lachnocladium by Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
740. 1888. Patouillard in Jour, de Bot. 3: 35. 1888, ex-
cluded this species from Lachnocladium, because its hairiness is
due to the elongated sterigmata of the basidia.

(To be continued.)

[Vol. 6, 1919]
280 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate
plate 5

The figures of this plate have been reproduced natural size from dried
herbarium specimens.

Fig. 1. Lachnocladium brasiliense. Collected in Cuba by C. Wright, in Curtis
Herb.

Fig. 2. L. cartilagineum. From the type in Curtis Herb., collected in Cuba by
C. Wright, 204.

Fig. 3. L. Micheneri. Collected at Newfane, Vermont, by C. D. Howe.

Fig. 4. Ir. semivestitum. From the type in Curtis Herb., collected in Pennsylvania
by E. Michener, 1184.

Fig. 5. L. subsimile. From the type in Curtis Herb., collected in New Jersey by
Laning, 49.

Fig. 6. L. bicolor. Collected at Magnolia, Massachusetts, by W. G. Farlow.

Fig. 7. L.furcellatum. Collected at Bonda, Colombia, by C. F. Baker, 14.

Fig. 8. L. erectum. From the type in Burt Herb., collected at Nuttallburg, West
Virginia, by L. W. Nuttall.

Fig. 9. L. cervinum. From the type of Clavaria pallida in Curtis Herb., collected
in Cuba by C. Wright, 256.

.%«

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 6, 1919

Plate 5

BURT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

1. LACHNOCLADIUM BRASILIENSE.— 2. L. CARTILAGINEUM.— 3. L. MICHENERI —
4. L. SEMIVESTITUM.— 5. L. SUBSIMILE.— 6. L. BICOLOR.— 7. L. FURCELLATUM

8. L. ERECTUM.— 9. L. CERVINUM.

sou

T%

Garde

I

Contents

April-September, 192<

iceae of North America. XII . . .

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE BOA OF TRUSTF

BOTANICAL GARDEN, AT 10 DEPOT STREET, CONCO

Editorial Office, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis,

Entered as second -class matter at the po >. ice at Concord, N<* •

Act of March 3, 1879

Annals

oi the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Quarter y Journal containing Scientific Contributions
froi the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Graduate Labpra-
of the Henry Shaw School of Botany of Washington
r in afi Liatioc with the Missouri Botanical Garden.

ICll \J017I7YI1U6€

Benjamin M. Duggar

, Informal', on

The Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden appears four times -during
the e 1 ndar year. February, Apri; September, and November. Four mmv
I >< r g constitute a volume. -■'■■£%%£ H

Subscription Price
Single Numbers

$3.00 per volume
1.00 each

The following agent i.« authorized to aceepl foreign subscriptions:
vvilliam Wesley & Son, 28 Essex Street, Strand, London.

Annals

of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Vol. 7 APRIL-SEPTEMBER, 1920 No. 2-3

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII*

Stereum

EDWARD ANGUS BURT

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden
Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of
Washington University

STEREUM

Stereum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. i:110. 1794;
Obs. Myc. i:35. 1797, and 2:90. 1799; Fries, Obs. Myc.
i:274. 1815, Gen. Hym. 14. 1836, Epicr. 545. 1838;
Hym. Eur. 638. 1874; Berkeley, Brit. Fung. 270. 1860;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour, io: 193. 1888;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:551. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27:158. 1890; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (i:l**):
123. 1898. — B. Sterea of Thelephora, Schweinitz, Naturforsch.
Ges. Leipzig Schrift. 1 : 105. 1822.— ****Stereum of Thele-
phora, Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 116. 1822. — Includes Podoscypha
Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles Fr. 230. 1904.—
Includes Lloydella Bresadola in Lloyd, Myc. Writ, i . Myc.
Notes 6:51. 1901; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16 : 1116. 1902 —
Includes Bresadolina Brinkmann, Ann. Myc. 7 : 289. 1909.

Fructifications coriaceous to hard, stipitate, dimidiate or
efluso-reflexed ; hymenium inferior, not containing setae; inter-
mediate layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae normally
present; basidia simple; spores white, even — rough in but few
instances.

The species mentioned or described as belonging in Stereum

1 Issued Dec. 8, 1920.
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gabd., Vol. 7, 1920 (81)

[Vol. 7
82 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

upon its publication are Stereum hirsutum, S. striatum, S.
purpureum, S. nitidum, and S. rugosum, no one of which was
designated as the type species.

The species of Stereum are here arranged in the usual sections
of central-stemmed, lateral-stemmed, merismatoid, and dimid-
iate and effuso-renexed species; these sections are convenient
for locating species approximately, but one should bear in mind
that some species are ambiguous with regard to sectional charac-
ters; all the species are probably so variable that individuals
may be selected from most gatherings which will prove very
misleading for study. For example, Stereum fasciatum is
properly included in the section of effuso-reflexed species, yet
fructifications of this species do occur now and then with elonga-
tion of the umbo so great as to lead one to regard such a fructifi-
cation as lateral-stemmed.

While Stereum is a large genus in the number of its North
American species, its difficulty is not proportional to the number
of species, for the species of each of its several sections differ
among themselves microscopically in the absence or presence
of definite recognizable organs or combinations of organs, such
as conducting organs containing latex (milk), vesicular organs,
gloeocystidia, cystidia of various kinds, and noteworthy para-
physes. In the determination of any species, one's effort is
soon concentrated upon a small group of four or five species
of common structure, some of which may be eliminated by
geographic range, spore dimensions, etc. The structural fea-
tures have been very important in working out the extensive
multiplication of species which had arisen in this genus through
disregard of the work of earlier mycologists.

As heretofore noted in the case of Hymenochaete, the east and
west range of the species of Stereum is marked in comparison
with north and south range ; of our 77 species, only 7 range over
both north temperate and tropical areas; the other 70 may be
arranged in two groups, of which the 29 species comprising the
northern group are in the region from Canada to the Gulf states;
the other 41 species range from the Gulf states southward. The
Gulf states are a region in which northern and southern species
overlap in range. The excess of tropical and subtropical species
over northern species is due to the small number of northern

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 83

stipitate and merismatoid species, of which we have only 5 as
against 23 in the warmer southern region. The stipitate and
merismatoid species grow sometimes on dead wood and some-
times on the ground; all 49 dimidiate and effuso-reflexed species
grow on dead wood, causing its decay, and are distributed 24
in the northern and 18 in the southern area, while 7 others are
the species already mentioned as ranging over both north
temperate and tropical areas.

Key to the Species

§1. Central-stemmed species. — Pileus more or less infundibuliform, some-
times deeply split on one side, usually stipitate; stem typically central
or eccentric but lateral-stemmed forms are also present in many of the

species 1

§11. Lateral-stemmed species. — Pileus dimidiate, flabelliform, or wedge-shaped
— never infundibuliform — attenuated at the base into a more or less

distinct stem 9

§111. Merismatoid species. — Pileoli several, somewhat infundibuliform, wedge-
shaped, or strap-shaped, borne on or along a common stem • • • • 12

§IV. Sessile species, wholly lacking stem or stem-like base. — Pileus dimidiate-
sessile, umbonate-sessile, or reflexed, all growing on wood — many
typically reflexed species may sometimes occur wholly resupinate 13

§1. CENTRAL-STEMMED SPECIES

1. Fructifications solitary or gregarious 2

1. Fructifications cespitose 8

2. Species with pileus always more or less infundibuliform, lacking dimi-
diate or other lateral-stemmed forms 3

2. Species having lateral-stemmed forms occurring more or less frequently

in collections 5

3. Neither cystidia nor gloeocystidia present; stem not radicated 4

3. Gloeocystidia present; growing on the ground, 1^-3 cm. high, 3 mm.-2 cm. in

diameter; in South Carolina to Brazil 3. S. Ravenelii

3. Gloeocystidia present; growing on wood; in West Indies to Dutch

Guiana 4- S. surinamense

3. Hair-like cystidia present; pileus white, 2-4 cm. high; in New York to Missouri,

and in Alabama, Washington and California 10. S. diaphanum

3. Hair-like cystidia present; pileus slightly darker than S. diaphanum, 3-5

mm. high; in New York U.S. exiguum

3. Hymenial organs unknown; growing on the ground, with stem continued

by a long radicated portion which penetrates deeply; in French Guiana

5. S. macrorrhiza

4. Growing on wood, 2-15 cm. high and in diameter; upper surface with

raised, radial ridges; in Gulf states to Bolivia 1. S. caperatum

4. Growing on wood, 6-11 cm. high and in diameter; upper surface not

ridged; pileus and stenrvelvety; in South America. . .2. S. hydrophorum
5. Neither cystidia nor gloeocystidia present; pileus cartridge-buff to pinard-

yellow when fresh; in New Hampshire to North Carolina and Tennessee,

and in Japan 6. S. Burtianum

5. Hymenial organs unknown; pileus "straw-colored," 1| mm. in diameter;

stem 4 mm. high; growing on wet ground among moss in Cuba

7.S. rivulorum

5. Cystidia present 6

5. Gloeocystidia present; no cystidia 7

6. Pileus white, of soft, bibulous texture, 3-5 mm. broad, 5-7 mm. long;

on bark and mosses in Cuba 8. S. quisquiliare

ivol.7

84 ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

6. Pileus drying bright yellow, finally fading in the herbarium, of bibulous

texture; in West Indies to Paraguay 9. S. aurantiacum

6. Pileus drying tawny olive to Saccardo's umber, not of bibulous texture
but coriaceous-hard instead; lateral-stemmed forms are the more
common; 5 mm.-2£ cm. high, 2-10 mm. broad; in New York to

Cuba, and in Wisconsin 12. S. tenerrimum

7. Somewhat cespitose, obscurely zonate, not bearing a cluster of coarse
processes near base of the pileus, 1^-4 cm. high, 8 mm.-3 cm. in
diameter; in Ohio and North Carolina to Mexico and West Indies

13. S. pergamenum

7. With a crest of coarse hairs or processes towards base of the pileus; pileus

6-10 mm. across; on dead Vitis in South Carolina 1<L S. cristatum

8. Hair-like cystidia more or less numerous but no gloeocystidia; pileus
cartridge-buff, strigose-squamose; on the ground, Vermont to

North Carolina, and in Europe 15. S. pallidum

8. Gloeocystidia barely distinguishable, but no cystidia; pileus plicate on
both surfaces, with the upper diamine-brown and the hymenium
white; on the ground, Porto Rico to British Guiana. . .16. S. elegans
8. Gloeocystidia present but no cystidia; pileus drying pale cinnamon;

on dead wood, Jamaica to Trinidad 17. S. decolorans

§11. LATERAL-STEMMED SPECIES

9. Fructifications not cespitose 10

9. Fructifications cespitose; pileate segments pectinate along their margins;

on decaying wood, Carolina to Bolivia 24. S. Hartmanni

9. Fructifications rarely cespitose, usually gregarious; margin of pileus thick
and entire; spores 6X5^, becoming subangular; in Jamaica to Dutch

Guiana 18. S. radicans

10. Growing on ground; pileus white when fresh, drying smoke-gray,

not zonate; spores 4-5|X 3-5m; in West Indies 19. S. pusiolum

10. Growing on dead wood; pileus of soft bibulous texture, drying pinkish

buff, 3-6 mm. wide, 5-7 mm. long; in Cuba and Porto Rico

28 S. cyphelloides

10. Growing on dead wood; pileus not of soft bibulous texture 11

11. Pileus drying Verona-brown to chestnut, minutely velvety; stem velvety;

spores 4-5X3-4^; in the West Indies 20. S. glabrescens

11. Pileus whitish when living, livid and pellucid upon drying, 4-6 cm. high,

with stem £-1 cm. long; in Guadeloupe 21. S. flabellatum

11. Pileus white when fresh, drying "reddish brown," 8-15 mm. long, 3-15 mm.

broad, often deeply split into segments; in Brazil 22. S. fissum

§111. MERISMATOID SPECIES

12. Densely cespitose and concrescent throughout into a cluster 7 cm. in
diameter, with color and aspect of Tremellodendron pallidum; in
Mexico and Dutch Guiana 25. S. craspedium

12. Fructification a sessile, rosette-shaped mass of reddish brown pileate

flaps; in San Domingo 26. S. petalodes

12. Fructification stipitate, white, with many pileate divisions extending
out from a common stem; with aspect of doubled forms of Thele-
phora caryophyllea but white; in Cuba 27. S. anastomosans

12. Fructifications cespitose, somewhat creeping by tips of branches
becoming attached to the matrix by disks; pileate branches 1-1 £
cm. long, 1-2 mm. broad; in Brazil 28. S. proliferum

§IV. EFFUSO-REFLEXED SPECIES

13. Hyaline, flexuous gloeocystidia conspicuous in the subhymenium and

hymenium 15

13. Pyriform, vesicular organs present in trama, subhymenium, or hymenium ... 16
13. Colored conducting organs in trama, subhymenium, or hymenium; cystidia
absent; hymenium bleeds when wounded, if in vegetative condition.
S. hirsutum and S. rameale sometimes have occasional colored conducting
organs in the hymenium 17

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 85

13. Not having gloeocystidia, vesicular organs, nor colored conducting organs . . 14
14. Hymenium lacking cystidia and paraphyses of noteworthy form or

color 18

14. Cystidia present, incrusted or without incrustation and hair-like,

hyaline, or colored 22

14. Paraphyses noteworthy by bottle-brush form, branching, or color.
• For species having cystidia in addition to noteworthy paraphyses,

see 27 . . . . 28

15. Coriaceous, dense, tawny, zonate, not sulcate, thin, 5-10 mm. in diameter;

in Jamaica 29. S. caespitosum

15. Soft, spongy, snuff-brown to bister, concentrically sulcate, reflexed 1-4 cm.;

of wide range 80. S. fuscum

15. Coriaceous-fleshy, bursting out from the bark, wart-like, peltate, vinaceous-

brown, 2-4 mm. in diameter; no cystidia; on poplar. . .... .81. S. rufum

15. Coriaceous-cartilaginous, shield-shaped, wood-brown, 1-4 mm. in diameter;

cystidia present; on pine 82. S. Pini

16. Coriaceous-soft, tomentose, lacking cystidia 83. S. purpureum

16. Coriaceous-soft, tomentose, often with hairs becoming agglutinate

into a rugose surface; hair-like cystidia present. .84. S. rugosiusculum
16. Corky, usually resupinate, sometimes reflexed and with the upper side

a horny crust ; vesicular bodies very numerous 85. S. Murrayi

16. Stony hard throughout, the cut surface with a horn-like luster, 1-5

mm. thick; vesicular bodies few; in Mexico and Jamaica . .36. S. saxitas
17. Exuding a yellow milk, conducting organs of pale color; narrowly reflexed,
tomentose; on Liquidambar and Carpinus in North Carolina and

Alabama 87. S. styracifluum

17. Milk red, conducting organs dark, numerous; fructifications cespitose-
imbricated, villose to hirsute, tobacco-colored; on oak, Canada to

Alabama and westward 88. S. gausapatum

17. Milk red, conducting organs few; fructifications tomentose, concentrically

sulcate, not cespitose; Florida to Brazil 39. S. australe

17. Milk red, conducting organs dark, numerous; fructifications narrowly
reflexed; hymenium multizonate; on frondose species, Newfoundland to

North Carolina 40. S. rugosum

17. Milk red, conducting organs numerous; on pine, spruce, and hemlock,

Canada to Pennsylvania and westward to the Pacific coast. 41 . S. sanguinolentum
18. Fructifications sulphur-colored, fading to cartridge-buff; inter-
mediate layer not bordered by a golden, denser zone; Georgia to

Brazil, and in Germany 42. S. sulphuratum

18. Fructifications at first some shade of buff by reason of the hairy
covering, becoming grayish with age, and at length often zonate and
shining where disappearance of the hairy covering reveals the

hardened, colored surface of the intermediate layer 19

18. Fructifications white or whitish to cartridge-buff 20

18. Fructifications snuff-brown or black above 21

19. Effuso-reflexed, cream-buff at first, strigose-hirsute; hymenium warm buff,
sometimes pale smoke-gray; intermediate layer bordered by a narrow
golden zone ; colored conducting organs rarely present in the hymenium ;
Newfoundland to South Carolina and westward to the Pacific coast.

43. S. hirsutum

19. Effuso-reflexed at first, becoming umbonate-sessile, tomentose, sometimes
with the tomentum becoming torn into narrow concentric bands and
showing the bared surface chestnut in the furrows ; margin not normally
lobate; fructifications 2-7 cm. in diameter; common throughout North

America 44- S. fasciatum

19. Wedge-shaped to umbonate-sessile, with a thinner covering of tomentum
than S. fasciatum, becoming more bared and zonate than the latter, thinner
and flexible, and with the margin normally cut into 2 or 3 large lobes;

New York and Wisconsin southward to Brazil .45. S. lobatum

:19. Covering of silky, villous fascicles arranged radially, becoming glabrous,
shining, and radially ridged, not lobed nor folded together laterally, nor

crisped; Florida to Dutch Guiana 46. S. ^ versicolor

19. Pilei 2-10 mm. long and broad, crowded together and folded or crisped,
strigose-hairy towards the base; marginal portion shining and zoned,

[Vol. 7
86 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

cinnamon-buff to hazel; colored conducting organs occasionally present

47. S. rameale

20. Fructifications 1-1 1 cm. in diameter, plane, thin, papery, silvery to
pale gray and with a silky luster; common on Carpinus, Canada,

eastern United States to Mexico 48- S. sericeum

20. Fructifications 3-10 mm. in diameter, pubescent, white. 49. S. pubescens
20. S. ochroleucum, an imperfectly known species of Europe, formerly
reported in America, belongs here. For description of authentic
specimen, see "species imperfectly known."
20. Fructifications 2-4 mm. in diameter, conical, attached by the vertex

and pendant, villose; Cuba 50. S. conicum

21. Tobacco-colored, velvety-hirsute, becoming glabrous towards the margin
and exposing the blackish, horny crust of the intermediate layer; hyme-

nium pruinose; spores 4-5X2^-3/*; West Indies 51. S. vibrans

21. Villose, blackening; intermediate layer not bordered by a crust; spores

9 X4/x," Mexico 52. S. crassum

21. Velutinous and black above; coloring matter of intermediate layer dis-
solved by KHO solution; hymenium ferruginous, radiately ridged; on

coniferous wood, in northern United States 53. S. radiatum

22. Cystidia hyaline, non-incrusted, hair-like 23

22. Cystidia dark, or becoming dark, cylindric, obtuse, distinguishable
from colored conducting organs by more or less granule-incrusta-
tion; on conifers only 24

22. Cystidia rough-walled or incrusted, somewhat colored either wholly
or under the incrustation, pointed, not resembling conducting

organs 25

22. Cystidia incrusted, not at all colored except in S. dnerascens at

times; paraphyses not noteworthy 26

22. Cystidia incrusted, not colored; paraphyses noteworthy by color or

form 27

23. Cinnamon to bone-brown, hoary; hair-like cystidia very few; spores

9-10X3-4/*; Washington to New Mexico 54- S. patelliforme

23. White, villose-tomentose; hymenium bright yellow; hair-like cystidia

obtuse, 20-25 X 4-6/i, numerous 55. S. ochraceo-jlavum

24. Coriaceous-spongy, dry, usually resupinate; hymenium pruinose, mul-
tizonate; cystidia colored, cylindric, 90-150 X6-8/*; spores 9-13 X

4-5/*; northern United States 56. S. abietinum

24. Very thick, felty, concentrically sulcate, drying with odor of anise;
cystidia and basidiospores like those of S. abietinum; colored

imbedded spores often present; Rocky Mountain states

57. S. rugisporum

24. Narrowly reflexed, tomentose, Prout's brown; hymenium umber;
cystidia and spores as in S. abietinum; Vermont and New York.

58. S. ambiguum

25. Vinaceous-lilac when young, becoming snuff-brown; cystidia colored, even,
rough-walled or incrusted, 100-200X6-10/*; from North Carolina and

Ohio southward 59. S. umbrinum

25. Coriaceous-papery, thin, pliant, tomentose, concentrically sulcate, snuff-
brown; hymenium velvety, snuff-brown, not multizonate; cystidia col-
ored under the incrustation, conical, 3(K75X 12-25/*; Florida to Brazil.

. 60. S. papyrinum

25. With aspect of S. papyrinum but thinner; cystidia 45-60 X 5-1 2/*; hymen-

ial layer 200/* thick; Jamaica 61. S. Earlei

25. Coriaceous, tomentose, concentrically sulcate, hair-brown; cystidia slightly
colored, roughened above, 50-120X4£/*; on conifers, northern United

States and Canada, and in Rocky Mountains 62. S. Chailletii

25. Corky, usually resupinate, 1100m thick; hymenium drab, 600/* thick, con-
taining innumerable, colored, rough cystidia 20-25 X5-7/*; West Indies.

63. S. ferreum

26. Strigose-hairy, concentrically sulcate, buff, weathering gray; hymen-
ium pinkish buff to drab, bristling with cystidia 100-150 X12-20m,
sometimes brownish at the base; spores 10-12 X6/*. .64- S. cinerascens
26. Coriaceous-gelatinous, small, whitish; cystidia 45-90X12-15/*;

spores 15-20X12-14/*; Jamaica 65. S. magnisporum

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 87

26. Spongy-soft, tomentose; cystidia 36-60X9-12/*; spores 5-9X3-4/*;

New York to Mexico 66. S. spumeum

26. Bursting out from the bark, forming a gray hymenium and becoming

reflexed, 1-2 £ mm. in diameter 67. S. erumpens

26. Corky, rigid, concentrically sulcate, bister; hymenium ruddy, be-
coming zonate; cystidia 30-50 X8-12yu; spores 4-6X3-5m; on
hemlock and other conifers, Canada to Texas and westward to
the Pacific coast 68. S. sulcatum.

26. Tobacco-colored and sulcate above, with a horn-like crust under the
tomentum; hymenium whitish; cystidia 30-36 X7/x; on oak,

North Carolina and Ohio to Mexico 69. S. subpileatum

27. With aspect of S. subpileatum as given above, but hymenium contains numer-
ous and conspicuous bottle-brush paraphyses in addition to cystidia;

Pennsylvania to Colombia 70. S. septum

27. With brown, velvety hymenium and a white margin; paraphyses filiform,

colored; spores hyaline, 6-llX3-4|/x 71. S. albobadium

27. With aspect of dark specimens of S. albobadium, but with thicker, zonate

hymenium and imbedded spores colored; Oregon to Mexico

72. S. heterosporum

27. Becoming narrowly reflexed, fuscous, 2-10 mm. in diameter; hymenium

velvety, bister; paraphyses colored, with bushy-branched tips; Canada to

Alabama and Arkansas 73. S. versiforme

28. Snuff-brown and sulcate above, tomentose; hymenium pruinose,
zoned, containing bottle-brush paraphyses; on oak, Florida and
Venezuela 74. S. insigne

28. Fuscous, sulcate, not tomentose but with upper surface a horn-like

crust, 2-3 mm. thick; Mexico 75. S. durum

28. Woody, resupinate, crowded as if confluent and then broken into
frustules, 2-4 mm. in diameter, above black and crust-like; hyme-
nium pinkish buff to whitish and pruinose; on oak. . . .76. S. frustulosum

28. Usually resupinate, coriaceous-soft ; hymenium light vinaceous-purple
when young, becoming avellaneous, containing filiform paraphyses
with short lateral prongs ; aspect of Corticium evolvens; Canada to
North Carolina 77. S. roseo-carneum

i. Stereum caperatum (Berk. & Mont.) Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27: 161. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 17. textf. 531. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 1.

Thelephora caper ata Berkeley & Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. III. 11: 241. 1849; Montagne, Syll. Crypt. 175. 1856;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:523. 1888.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cii.; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. (1: 1**): 124. f.H-J.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Pileus coracelous, infundibuliform, drying pinkish buff, the
upper side with elevated radial ridges and usually densely tomen-
tose with coarse fibers; in structure 600-700 ju thick, composed of
densely, longitudinally arranged, thick-walled, hyaline hyphae
3 ix in diameter ; stem central or sometimes absent, with attach-
ment by a tomentose disk; hymenium pale pinkish buff, some-
what radially rugose, glabrous ; hair-like cystidia not incrusted,
3-4 J n in diameter, flexuous, often constricted near the outer end,

[Vol. 7
88 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

protruding up to 12 m, are sometimes present; spores hyaline,
even, 8-10 X 3-4 \ *

Fructifications 2-10 cm. high, 2-15 cm. in diameter; stem,
when present, 5 mm. - 2 cm. long, 2-5 mm. thick, often sessile.

On decaying wood of frondose species. Florida, Louisiana,
and West Indies to Bolivia. June to April, probably throughout
the year. Common.

S. caperatum is the largest infundibuliform Stereum of the
Gulf states and the West Indies. Its large size, upper surface
with elevated, radial ridges and usually heavy tomentum of
coarse fibers, occurrence on wood to which it is attached by a
villose or tomentose disk, constitute a group of characters by
which the S. caperatum is readily recognized. Lloyd has pub-
lished in his account of this species that it has true metuloids
(incrusted cystidia) projecting 20-30 m, but I have found none
whatever in either the type or in other collections referable to
this species.

Thelephora lamellataBerk. & Curtis, a species of Stereum related
to S. caperatum and of rather similar aspect, occurring on islands
of the Pacific, shows in the type specimen from Fiji Islands
conical incrusted cystidia 6-12 m in diameter, protruding 12-25 m,
and subglobose spores 3-3 § X3/*. Since Lloyd cited S. caperatum
as occurring in Samoa, the Philippines, and Australia, it is
possible that his observations on incrusted cystidia of S. capera-
tum were based on specimens from the Pacific region really
referable to Stereum lamellatum rather than on the true S.
caperatum from the American continent. In Hedwigia 53 : 75,
1913, Bresadola gives T. lamellata as a synonym of ' Cladoderris
infundibuliformis (Kl.) Fries. I have seen no American speci-
mens referable to S. lamellatum.

Specimens examined:
Florida: New Smyrna, A. S. Bertolet; Ocala, W. H. Long, 12373

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55125).
Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 2740; St.

Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2896 and an unnumbered

specimen, C. J. Humphrey, 2518 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5111).
Cuba: C. Wright, 290, 509 (in Kew Herb.); Candelaria, Earle

& Wilson, 201; Guantanamo (in Weir Herb., 10858);

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 89

Havana Province, P. Wilson, 1172, comm. by F. S. Earle;

Herradura, Earle & Murrill, 180, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Manati, Johnston & Stevenson, 2006 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 3396).
San Domingo: 259 (in Kew Herb.).
Jamaica: Cinchona, L. M. Underwood, 8172 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56271); Cockpit

Country, E. G. Britton & D. W. Marble, 888 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.).
St. Kitts: Lambert Estate, N. L. Britton & J. F. Cowell, 672

(inN.Y.Bot. Gard. Herb.).
Brazil: Bahia, Blanchet, 19 (in Kew Herb.).
Bolivia: Yungas, A.Miguel Bang, 295 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

2. S. hydrophorum Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. I. 14:
327. pi. 9. f. 2. 1844; Hooker's Jour. Bot. 8: 273. pi. 6.
1856; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 555. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 159. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums,
29. text f. 547, 548. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 2.

Hymenochaete crateriformis P. Hennings, Hedwigia 43 : 172.
1904; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 166. 1905.

Illustrations: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. I. 14: pi. 9. f. 2;
Hooker's Jour. Bot. 8: pi. 6; Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Pileus stipitate, coriaceous, infundibuliform, drying Prout's
brown, obscurely zonate, velvety, sometimes bearing large,
branched hairs at the center and bottom of the cups, the margin
entire; stem central, cylindric, solid, velvety, colored like the
pileus, enlarged at the base and attached by disk; hymenium
even, drying *snuff-brown, not setulose; in structure 600 \i thick,
composed of intermixed and interwoven hyaline and slightly
colored hyphae, the latter of which give their color to the
pileus and hymenium and curve into the hymenium as cylindric,
obtuse, slightly colored paraphyses 3 m in diameter, not emergent
above its surface; no cystidia, gloeocystidia, nor setae; spores
hyaline, globose, even, 3 m in diameter.

Pileus 4-10 cm. in diameter, 3-6 cm. deep; stem 3-5 cm. long,
4-5 mm. thick.

[Vol. 7
90 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On wood on the ground. Venezuela, British Guiana, and
Brazil. November.

This South American species ranges so far to the north that it
may possibly occur also in the West Indies or Central America.
The fructifications have dimensions and general aspect of those
of S. caperatum but are distinguishable by darker color of pileus,
stem and hymenium, by velvety covering of pileus and stem,
and by absence of elevated longitudinal ridges on the surface of
the pileus.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ule, Myc. Brasil., 40, type distribution of Hymeno-

chaete crateriformis.
Venezuela: Maripa, M. A. Carriker, comm. by W. G. Farlow,
III; Rio Mato, M. A. Carriker, comm. by W. G. Farlow,
IV.
Brazil: Spruce (in Curtis Herb.); Amazonas, Marmellos, E.
Ule, in Ule, Myc. Brasil., 40.

3. S. Ravenelii Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 162. 1873;

Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 552. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.

27: 164. pi. 7. f. 2. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-

ums, 25. text f. 543. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 3.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.; Massee, loc. cit.

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 13.

Fructifications gregarious, coriaceous, thin, often growing

from a common mycelium; pileus infundibuliform, sometimes

split on one side, even, drying cinnamon-buff

to bay, often shining and zonate; stem slender,

equal, minutely tomentose, drying pale olive-buff

to pinkish buff; hymenium even, glabrous, colored

like the stem; pileus in section 300-500 n thick,

composed of densely and longitudinally arranged

hyaline hyphae 3 m in diameter; flexuous gloeo-

cystidia 30-60X4^-7 m curve into the hymenium

Fig. 1. but do not protrude above its surface; no cysti-

S. Raveneiu. dia; spores hyaline, even, 3-4X2|-3 m.

Gloeocystidia x Fructifications l|-5 cm. high, 3 mm.-3 cm.

From authentic in diameter; stem 5-10 mm. long, J-1J mm.

specimen. thick.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 91

On the ground, rarely on wood humus. South Carolina to
Mexico, West Indies, and Brazil. July to April.

S, Ravenelii is near S. pergamenum in microscopic characters
but is constantly infundibuliform, with slender, more conspic-
uous stem, and occurs on the ground except very rarely, and
is gregarious rather than cespitose. The range of S. Ravenelii
southward to Brazil is so much greater than has been noted
heretofore that it would be well to compare with it authentic
specimens of some of the imperfectly described South American
species of central-stemmed Stereums

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 13.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 13,

type distribution.
Alabama : Beaumont, 207 in part (the small specimens on right
of the card in Curtis Herb., 4629); Montgomery, R. P.
Burke, 26, 181 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10305, 57059).
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, C. W. Edgerton, 1544, and C. J.
Humphrey & C. W. Edgerton, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,
2523, 2522 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42921 and 42939
respectively); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 1847.
Mexico: San Luis Potosi, C. G. Pringle (in Farlow Herb.).
Cuba : C. Wright, 255 (under the name Stereum elegans in Curtis
Herb.) ; Candelaria, Earle & Wilson, 205, 207; Herradura,
N. L. Britton, E. G. Britton, F. S. Earle & C. S. Gager, 6397
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56303).
Trinidad: Carrengo, Carriker (in Farlow Herb., 1).
Brazil: Blumenau, A. Moller, the Stereum elegans of Hedwigia
35 : 288. 1896, comm. by G. Bresadola.

4. S. surinamense LeVeill£, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 209.
1844; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:556. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 161. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 26.
textf. 544. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 4.

Stereum fulvo-nitens Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. II.
9: 198. 1852; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:556. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 162. 1890.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Museum of Paris Herb, presumably.

[Vol. 7
92 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Pileus coriaceous, infundibuliform, sometimes more elongated
on one side, glabrous, shining, lineate or striate, drying tawny to
hazel, faintly zonate with numerous very narrow zones; stem
central or eccentric, cylindric, drying avellaneous to burnt
umber, fibrillose to minutely tomentose, attached at the base
by a mycelial pad; hymenium glabrous, even, avellaneous to
cinnamon; pileus in section 400 m thick, composed of a broad
layer of densely and longitudinally arranged, thick-walled,
hyaline hyphae 3 m in diameter and of a hymenial layer 45-90 m
thick, the subhymenial portion of which may become thicker
than the palisade layer of basidia and gloeocystidia and appears
granular and composed of very fine hyphae; gloeocystidia 15-30
m long, with ventricose base 6-9 m in diameter, sometimes barely
emergent above the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 3-4X2-3 m.

Fructifications l|-4 cm. high, 1-2 f cm. in diameter; stem
3-7 mm. long, about 1^ mm. in diameter.

On dead wood. West Indies, Honduras, and Dutch Guiana.
November.

Lloyd's account and figures have made possible the reference
to S. surinamense of the collections cited below, for the original
description by LeVeille* is fragmentary and does not even note
whether the specimens were growing on the ground or on wood.
I have not seen the types of either S. surinamense or S. fulvo-
nitens. The specimens cited below are characterized by the
attachment to the wood by a conspicuous mycelial pad, by
rich hazel and shining upper surface of the large, narrowly
zonate pileus, by the gloeocystidia, and by the minutely granular
subhymenial region in which the hyphae are much finer than in
the main hyphal layer and run at right angles to the latter.

Specimens examined:
San Domingo: Consuelo, N. Taylor, 176 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56293).
Trinidad: R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44304).
British Honduras: M. E. Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56326).

5. S. macrorrhizum (LeVeilte) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip.
Stereums, 28. 1913.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. XII 93

Thelephora macrorrhiza LeVeiHe", Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III.
5: 146. 1846; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 524. 1888.

Type: in Museum of Paris Herb., according to LeVeille" and
Lloyd.

Pileus infundibuliform, coriaceous, somewhat membrana-
ceous, rufescent, striatulate, the margin erect, possibly laciniate;
hymenium sulcate, rather pallid; stem rather long, radicated.

On ground, French Guiana. Coll. Melinon.

Pileus coriaceous, nearly membranaceous, infundibuliform,
russet, with rugosity from base to margin, the latter thin, lacini-
ate; hymenium glabrous, rugose like upper surface of pileus;
stem 1-2 decimeters long, glabrous, continued by a long radi-
cated portion which extends perpendicularly into the ground.
This character and also the absence of hairy covering of the stem
afford a great difference between this species and Stereum
surinamense.

The above is a translation of the original description. I have
not seen authentic specimens; Lloyd notes, loc. cit., that they
are, "Stereum elegans, of an unusually regular growth. Not so
confluent as ordinary.' '

6. S. Burtianum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 75: 21. pi. 0.
/. 30-34. 1904; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 163. 1905; Lloyd, Myc.
Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 21. textf. 537. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 5.

Illustrations: Peck, loc. cit.; Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and in Burt Herb.

Fructifications gregarious, coriaceous, thin, infundibuliform,
sometimes split to the stem on one side, sometimes dimidiate, the
upper surface slightly uneven with radiating fibrils and fibrillose
ridges, cartridge-buff when fresh, drying Sayal-brown to hazel,
the margin lobed or incised; stem solid, minutely tomentose,
Sayal-brown in the herbarium; hymenium even or radiately
uneven, glabrous, yellow ocher to pinard-yellow when fresh,
becoming pinkish buff to Sayal-brown in the herbarium ; pileus
in section 600 m thick, composed of densely and longitudinally
arranged hyphae 2 m in diameter; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia;
spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 3-4 m in diamter, or 4 X 3 m.

Fructifications usually 12-20 mm. high, 5-15 mm. in diameter;
stem 3-8 mm. long, f-1^ mm. thick.

[Vol. 7
94 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On the ground in frondose woods. New Hampshire to North
Carolina and Tennessee, and in Japan. July to October.

Distinguishing characters of this species are the radially
arranged fibrils and fibrillose ridges of the upper surface of the
pileus, bright yellow hymenium of fresh specimens, small sub-
globose spores, and absence of zonation, cystidia, and gloeo-
cystidia. These characters separate the species from S. auran-
tiacum and S. Ravenelii and from specimens of S. diaphanum
which have become discolored in the herbarium. The sections
crush out and tissues spread apart when slight pressure is applied
to the cover glass — a character unusual in stipitate Stereums.
The specimen from Tennessee consists of two dimidiate pilei
2X2 \ cm. At Amherst, Massachusetts, Professor Anderson
saw perhaps a thousand fructifications of this growing in an
area of a square rod; to him I am indebted for the color obser-
vations on fresh specimens and for specimens in growing condi-
tion showing the colors and also the fact that the consistency
of the pileus is not fleshy enough for inclusion of this species
in Craterellus.

Specimens examined :
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, three collections

(two of which are in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55242 and 55571,

and the third in Farlow Herb.).
Vermont: Lake Dunmore, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.).
Massachusetts: Amherst, P. J. Anderson (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56364, 56365).
New York: Shokan, Ulster Co., C. H. Peck, type.
North Carolina: Asheville, H. C. Beardslee, 2.
Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 80 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44994).
Japan: Sendai, A. Yasuda, 21 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56290).

7. S. rivulorum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 330. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 552. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 167. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip.
Stereums, 21. 1913.

Type: in Kew Herb, and probably in Curtis Herb.

I failed to take any notes of the type specimens of this species

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 95

when there was opportunity and have seen no collections which
seem referable here. The translation of the original description
follows :

Minute, straw-colored; pileus cyathiform, decurrent into a
stem dilated above, the margin undulate; hymenium glabrous.

On wet ground amongst moss. Cuba, C. Wright, 533.

Pileus 1| mm. across; stem 4 mm. high, oblique but not
really lateral. Habit of a small stipitate Peziza. Spores glo-
bose, 2-2 § m according to Massee.

8. S. quisquiliare (Berk. & Curtis) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4.
Stip. Stereums, 36. text f. 567. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 6.

Thelephora quisquiliaris Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 329. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 524. 1888.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Pileus very small, flabellate or rarely cyathiform, tomentose,
shining white; stem lateral, short, thickened above; pileus in
section composed of loosely arranged hyphae 3-4 /x in diameter;
cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, 6 ju in diameter, protruding up
to 40 n beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 4X3-4 /z.

Pileus 3-5 mm. broad, and 5-7 mm. long including the stem-
like base.

On particles of bark among moss and on mosses. Cuba.

The fructifications of S. quisquiliare are small and of soft
bibulous texture and resemble in aspect those of S. cyphelloides
and Cyphella muscigena, but are distinguished from both these
species by the hair-like cystidia, of which I noted the presence
upon examination of the type but which no longer show well in
the permanent microscopical preparation. I had hoped that
recent collections would confirm the note as to hair-like cystidia
and enable me to be more confident that Thelephora quisquiliaris
should not be transferred to Cyphella.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 519, type (in Curtis Herb.).

9. S. aurantiacum (Pers.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 22. text f. 538. 1913. Plate 6, fig. 7.

Thelephora aurantiaca Persoon in Gaudichaud, Voy. Urania
Bot. 176. 1827; Fries, Epicr. 536. 1838; R. Soc. Sci. Up-

96

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

n

sal. Actis III. i: 108. 1851; Montagne in d'Orbigny, Voy.
Am. Merid. Bot. 2: 48. 1839; in Ramon de la Sagra, Fl.
Cub. 4: 228. pi. 14. f. j. 1853; Berkeley & Curtis, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 526.
1888. — T. sericella Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 522. 1888.— T. affinis
Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 329. 1868 (not
T. affinis Pers.); Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 530. 1888.— Podoscypha
aurantiaca (Pers.) Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 230. 1904. — An T. spectabilis LeveillS, Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. III. 2: 206. 1844? — An Stereum xanthellum Cooke, Gre-
villeag: 12. 1880?

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit; Montagne, loc. cit.
Fructifications coriaceous, soft, everywhere drying Naples-
yellow, losing the bright color in the herbarium; upper surface
sericeous, lineate-striate, the margin variable,
often somewhat fimbriate; stem thin, with yel-
lowish tomentum at the base and sometimes with
tomentose mycelial strands; hymenium even, or
nearly so, setulose with hyaline hairs under a
lens; cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric,
obtuse, 6-8 m in diameter, protruding up to 40 m;
spores hyaline, even, 5-8X3-4 p.

Fructifications 2-3 cm. high; pileus 1-2 cm.
in diameter when infundibuliform and 5 mm.-4
cm. when flabelliform; stem 1 cm. long, about
1 mm. thick.

On ground and dead wood. West Indies to Par-
aguay. June to February. Apparently frequent.
S. aurantiacum is unique among the stipitate
Stereums by its bright yellow color. Lloyd states
that old specimens may lose their bright yellow
color and become brown, and the figures by Mon-
tagne indicate this also. I have seen only one
gathering in which some of the specimens have discolored brown-
ish; this gathering from Porto Rico, by Prof. Stevenson, bears
the field note: "nearly pure white when collected; became yellow
in drying; no yellow showed until partly dried. " The extensive
synonymy of this species is due to its occurrence sometimes on
the ground, sometimes on wood, sometimes being wholly infundi-

Fig. 2.
S. aurantiacum.
Cystidium, basi-
dia, and spores,

X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 97

buliform and sometimes wholly flabelliform, but occasionally
a gathering shows both infundibuliform and flabelliform speci-
mens. The soft texture of the pilei — like filter-paper or like
wash leather — the large, cylindric, non-incrusted cystidia, and
large elongated spores are a good combination of characters for
the recognition of S. aurantiacum independently of the yellow
color. Lloyd gives Thelephora spectabilis and Stereum xanthel-
lum as synonyms of S. aurantiacum, and this seems quite prob-
able according to the original descriptions of these species, but
he does not state that he has studied the authentic specimens;
I have not been able to examine them.

Unless there is more than one edition of Gaudichaud's ' Voy.
Urania Bot.,' there is an error, as noted by Lloyd, in the citation
by Fries in 'Epicrisis,' followed by later authors, of a figure of
T. aurantiaca by Persoon. Dr. Farlow kindly searched for me
for such a figure in his copy but without success.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Port Antonio, F. S. Earle, 600, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; A. E. Wight, comm. by W. G. Farlow; Troy
and Tyre, W. A. Murrill & W. Harris, 1112, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Cuba: C. Wright, 237, type of Thelephora sericella (in Curtis
Herb.); C. Wright, 198, 263, type of Thelephora affinis B. &
C. (in Curtis Herb.); Banao Mts., Leon & Clement, 5570
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56262) ; Ceballos, C. /. Humphrey, 2683 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 8267) ; Guantanamo, Hioram (in J. R. Weir Herb.,
10583, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56217); Omaja, C. J.
Humphrey, 3025 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8632); Nipe
Bay, F. S. Earle, No. A.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. R. Johnston, comm. by J. A. Steven-
son, 1987 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10660) ; J. A. Stevenson,
3354, 5585 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17720 and 6908).
San Domingo: Consuelo, N. Taylor, 178 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56304).

io. S. diaphanum (Schw.) Cooke in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 558.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 162. 1890; Lloyd,
Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 19. text f. 534. 1913.

Plate 2, figs. 8 and 9.

[Voi,. 7
98 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Thelephora diaphana Schweinitz in Berk. & Curtis, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. Jour. 2: 278. 1853.— T. Willeyi Clinton in Peck,
N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 26: 71. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 524.
1888.— An T. Sullivantii Montagne, Syll. Crypt. 176. 1856?
Type : in Herb. Schweinitz, in Curtis Herb., and in Kew Herb.
Fructifications coriaceous, thin, deeply infundibuliform, some-
times deeply split, white, drying diaphanous, sericeous, fibril-
lose, striate, sometimes with slightly elevated
ridges, sometimes obscurely zoned, the margin
thin, entire or laciniately toothed; stem slender,
cylindric, more or less clothed with white matted
down which is usually present at the base and
binds the earth together in a ball ; pileus of type
in section 200 m thick, composed of longitudinally
arranged, thin-walled hyaline hyphae 3 m in
diameter, densely crowded together; hymenium
white, setulose with hyaline hairs under a lens;
Fig. 3. cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric, obtuse,

Cystidium "~^ M in diameter, protruding 20-60 m; spores
basidia, and hyaline, even, 4-5X2J-3 /*.

spores, x 665. Fructifications 2-4 cm. high, 8 mm.-2 cm. in

diameter; stem 1-3 mm. in diameter.
On the ground in moist woods of frondose species. New
York to Missouri, and in Alabama, Washington, and California.
S. diaphanum, as collected by Schweinitz and shown in pi.
2, fig. 8, differs from S. aurantiacum in absence of bright yellow
color, in shorter spores, and in stem and ground at base of stem
being merely white-downy. In western New York, this species
attains a more luxuriant growth than the small specimens col-
lected by Schweinitz, has a larger and rather thicker pileus and
thicker stem as shown in pi. 2, fig. 9; such larger specimens
were published as Thelephora Willeyi, but the intergradations
with S. diaphanum are so numerous and close that it should be
kept with the latter in my opinion.

Specimens examined:

New York : Buffalo, Clinton, type of Thelephora Willeyi (in N.

Y. State Mus. Herb.); Chappaqua, Mrs. C. E. Ryder &

Mrs. W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56289); Freeville, V. B. Walker, 15

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 99

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8407); Geddes, G. E. Morris, G;

Ithaca, C Thorn (in Cornell Univ. Herb., 9992) ; James ville,

H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55498), and L. M. Underwood; Lowville,

C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.); Orville, G. E.

Morris, G.
Ohio: Gnaddenhutte, Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz

and in Curtis Herb.).
Missouri: Valley Park, E. A. Burt & L. 0. Overholts (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44059).
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 25 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13146.).
Washington: Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 128, US, 1U (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55745, 55729,

55726).
California: Tamalpais, H. W. Harkness (under the herbarium

name Thelephora Harknessii Peck in N. Y. State Mus.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55925).

ii. S. exiguum (Peck) Burt, n. comb. Plate 2, fig. 10.

Thelephora exigua Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54 : 953. 1902 ;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 161. 1905.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and in Burt Herb.

Pileus coriaceous-membranaceous, very thin, diaphanous,
infundibuliform, radiately fibrous-striate, becoming bister in the
herbarium, originally "pale alutaceous" according to Peck, the
margin lacerate; stem slender, solid, pruinose, and bearing a
few whitish hairs which are present also on the ground about the
base; pileus in section 100 11 thick, composed of longitudinally
arranged, hyaline hyphae 2J— 3 /x in diameter, closely crowded
together; cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric, obtuse,
7 m in diameter, protruding 25 m beyond the basidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4JX2 n, borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 1-3 mm. in diameter, 3-5 mm. high; stem 2
mm. long, J-J mm. in diameter; pileus TV mm. thick.

On the ground, Westport, New York. October.

S. exiguum is miniature S. diaphanum of slightly darker
color. It is known from the original collection only. The
smallest specimens of S. diaphanum are many times larger than

100 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

the largest specimen of S. exiguum. While differences in size
are not generally a good criterion for specific distinction, I am
inclined to think that they will prove so in this instance.

Specimens examined :
New York: Westport, C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State Mus.
Herb, and in Burt Herb.).

12. S. tenerrimum Berk. & Ravenel, Grevillea i : 162. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 551. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 165. 1890. Plate 2, fig. 11.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Pileus coriaceous, thin, infundibuliform or flabelliform, soon
lobed and split, upper surface slightly rough, fibrillose-striate,
not zonate or only very indistinctly "pale tan" when collected,
becoming tawny olive to Saccardo's umber in the herbarium;
stem filiform, whitish, bearing some fibrils towards the base;
hymenium even, concolorous, setulose with hyaline hairs
under a lens; pileus in section 300 ju thick, composed of longi-
tudinally and densely arranged hyaline hyphae 3 jjl in diameter ;
cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, 4-8 /x in diameter, protruding
30-50 /x; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-5X3-4/*.

Fructifications 2-10 mm. broad, 5mm.-2| cm. high; stem
3-7 mm. long, J-J mm. thick.

On ground among mosses. New York, Wisconsin, South
Carolina, and Cuba. July to November. Rare.

The collections which I have referred to S. tenerrimum are
from the widely separated localities stated above and only a
single gathering of several fructifications at each locality. There
are slight differences between the specimens of the several
gatherings, but not great enough to preclude their reference
to a single species, although doing so has required some general-
ization from the original description.

S. tenerrimum is related to S. undulatum of northern Europe
as known to me by the specimens distributed in Karsten, Fungi
Fennicae, 912, and by the extended account by Maire, Ann.
Myc. 7: 426-431, text f. 1, 2. 1909, but the latter species
attains much larger size, has a coarser stem, and is infundibuli-
form with central stem. None of the collections of S. tenerri-
mum are composed wholly of specimens with infundibuliform

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

101

pilei and the stem central; the original collections have some
specimens with pileus longer on one side than the other and
stem eccentric; in more recent gatherings some specimens are
even flabelliform. S. tenerrimum appears to be a distinct
species.

Specimens examined:
New York: Croghan, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.).
South Carolina: Society Hill, H. W. Ravenel, type (in Curtis

Herb., 5029, and in Kew Herb.).
Wisconsin: Afton, R. A. Harper.
Cuba: Havana Province, Huo Leon, H56 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56307).

13. S. pergamenum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 161. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 552. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 161. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 27. text /.
545. 1913. Plate 2, fig. 12.

An Stereum nitidulum Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour. Bot.
2: 638. 1843?

Type : type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 25.

Fructifications somewhat cespitose and grown together, stip-
itate; pileus coriaceous, infundibuliform, sometimes split and
petaloid, minutely lineate, drying hazel, obscurely
zoned, the margin thin, often toothed or laciniate;
stem cylindric, drying pinkish buff, very minutely
tomentose; hymenium drying pinkish buff, gla-
brous; pileus in section 500 ju thick, composed
of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline
hyphae 3 \x in diameter; flexuous, clavate, curved
gloeocystidia, 50X6 n, extend into the hymenium
but do not rise to its surface; cystidia none;
spores hyaline, even, slightly flattened on one
side, 4-4| X3-3£ /*.

Fructifications l|-4 cm. high, 8 mm.-3 cm.
in diameter; stem 2-10 mm. long, 1-3 mm. in
diameter.

On stumps or buried wood, perhaps rarely
on the ground. Ohio and North Carolina to Mexico and in
the West Indies. September to January.

Fig. 4.

S. pergamenum.

Gloeocystidia

X 665.

[Vol. 7
102 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. pergamenum may be recognized by its occurrence in small
clusters on wood at or near the surface of the ground, by small
and nearly globose spores, and by the presence of gloeocystidia.
It is probably more frequent in the West Indies than in the
United States. When studying the specimens of this species
in Kew Herbarium I compared with them the type of Stereum
nitidulum Berk., collected by Gardner in Goyaz, Brazil, and
concluded that it is probably the same species as S. pergamenum.
In that early stage of my work I did not record the presence of
gloeocystidia in the types of either S. pergamenum or S. nitidu-
lum, and since I have no permanent preparation from the type
of the latter, further, more critical study may show that it is a
distinct species. The collection from Cuba, referred by Ber-
keley to S. nitidulum, has gloeocystidia and is referable to S.
pergamenum.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 25.
Ohio: Preston, T. G. Gentry (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56301).
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, from Bot. Dept.

of Cornell Univ., 4182.
Alabama: J. M. Peters, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 25, type
distribution; J. M. Peters, 601 and another specimen (in
Curtis Herb., the latter, Curtis Herb., 3814); Beaumont,
207 in part, the large zonate specimen mounted on left side
of card with specimens of S. Ravenelii (in Curtis Herb.,
4629 in part) ; Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56306).
Louisiana: Ville Platte, A. B. Langlois, 2897.
Mexico: Motzorongo, near Cordoba, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill,
994 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54596).
Cuba: C. Wright, 836 (in Curtis Herb., under the name S.
nitidulum Berk.); Herradura, F. S. Earle, 5^5, and N. L.
Britton, E. G. Britton, F. S. Earle & C. S. Gager, 6326 (in
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56305
and 56263 respectively); Sumidero, J. A. Shafer, 13905
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56264).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 103

San Domingo: Bonao, J. A. Stevenson, 7010 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55656).

14. S. cristatum Berk & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 163. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:556. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 167. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 38.
1913.

Type: in Kew Herb., not found by me in Curtis Herb, al-
though sought for.

Pileus coriaceous, flabelliform or obliquely cyathiform, pallid
to light bay-brown, somewhat zoned, glabrous and shining
towards the margin, bearing a cluster of coarse
hairs towards the base; stem, when present,
cylindric, scarcely 2 mm. long; hymenium even,
paler than the upper surface ; in structure 200-250
v thick, composed of longitudinally arranged and
somewhat interwoven hyaline hyphae 3 11 in
diameter; no cystidia; gloeocystidia pyriform,
9-12 X 7J fx; spores, as found in a crushed prepara-
tion, hyaline, even, 4X2| n, few found — noted by
Massee as subglobose, 5-6 ju in diameter.

Pileus 6-10 mm. across.

On dead Vitis in swamps. South Carolina. Fis- 5-

Reexamination of my preparation of the type' G1 ' J*?'
of S. cristatum fails to demonstrate that the 665. From type.
pyriform organs in its hymenium are longitu-
dinally septate; furthermore some of these organs are more
elongated than stated above and irregular in form. For
these reasons I regard the bodies as pyriform gloeocystidia
rather than possibly miniature basidia of the longitudinally
septate type, the demonstrated presence of which would require
transfer of this species to Eichleriella. The occurrence of S.
cristatum on dead grape vines, the crest of coarse hairs towards
the base of the pileus, the small size of the latter, and the pyri-
form organs in the hymenium are a good group of characters
for identification of this species, although known so far only
from the original collections.

Specimens examined:
South Carolina: Santee Swamp, H. W. Ravenel, Curtis Herb.

[Vol. 7
104 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

No. 2038, type and an unnumbered specimen (both in Kew
Herb.).

15. S. pallidum (Pers.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums,
31. textf. 536, 550. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 13, 14.

Craterella pallida Persoon, Ic. et Descr. Fung. 1 : 3. pi. 1.
/. 3. 1798. — Thelephora pallida Persoon, Syn. Fung. 565.
1801; Myc. Eur. 1: 111. 1822; Fries, Hym. Eur. 633.
1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 527. 1&8&— Helvetia pannosa
Sowerby, Col. Figs. Eng. Fungi, pi. 155. 1788, in part. — Thele-
phora pannosa Sowerby ex Fries, in part, and T. pannosa var.
pallida (Pers.) Fries, Syst. Myc. i:430. 1821.— T. Sowerbeyi
Berkeley, Outlines Brit. Fungi, 266. 1860; Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. III. 15:320. 1865; Fries, Hym. Eur. 633. 1874; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 522. 1888. — Stereum Sowerbeyi (Berk.) Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 164. 1890. — Bresadolina pallida
(Pers.) Brinkmann, Ann. Myc. 7: 289. 1909.

Illustrations: Persoon, Ic. et Descr. Fung. i:pl. 1. f. 3;
Sowerby, Col. Figs. Eng. Fungi, pi. 155; Lloyd, Myc. Writ.
4. Stip. Stereums, textf. 536, 550.

r Fructifications cespitose, laterally confluent,

infundibuliform, coriaceous-spongy, rather thick,
becoming cartridge-buff to cream-color in the
herbarium, the upper side strigose-squamose ;
stem short, villose at the base; hymenium with
slight, very obtuse, radial folds, under a lens
v\ more or less setulose with hyaline hairs; cystidia
hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric, 6-8 n in di-
ameter, protruding 10-50 n beyond the basidia,
usually very numerous but sometimes only few
found; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one
side, 6-8X4-5 fi.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. in diameter, 2-3 cm. high.

On the ground in woods. Vermont to North

Fig. 6. Carolina. July to November. Rare.

S. pallidum. American specimens of S. pallidum agree

Cystidmm, basi- weu with the European specimen received from

x 665. From' Bresadola, and, like the latter, are paler than

Bresadola. the otherwise excellent figures of Thelephora

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 105

pallida in Persoon's 'Icones et Descriptiones Fungorum' already-
cited. Our specimens and that from Bresadola have the
hymenium distinctly setulose with hair-like cystidia. Some of
the specimens in Kew Herbarium under the name of Thelephora
Sowerbeyi have hair-like cystidia, but these organs are few or
absent in whole sections from other specimens. The original
specimen of Helvella pannosa from Sowerby in Berkeley Her-
barium at Kew has hair-like cystidia. I concluded that these
cystidia are variable in abundance in English specimens and
that Thelephora Sowerbeyi and Helvella pannosa as represented
by the specimen from Sowerby should be kept with Thelephora
pallida. Although the specific name pannosa of Sowerby was
at first adopted by Fries, this was dropped later when Berkeley
found this species, as understood by Sowerby, to be based upon
a mixture of two species which were separated as Thelephora
Sowerbeyi and T. multizonata; T. pallida has priority over T.
Sowerbeyi.

S. pallidum may be distinguished from T. Willeyi forms of S.
diaphanum by its occurrence in small concrescent clusters, by
short villose or tomentose stem, and by thicker pileus with upper
surface split radially into stiff straight fibrils.

Specimens examined:
Austria: G. Bresadola.
England: from Sowerby, under the name Helvella pannosa (in

Kew Herb.); Cornwall, C. Rea, 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56241); Hereford, Mrs. Wynne (in Kew Herb., under the

name Thelephora Sowerbeyi).
Vermont: Brattleboro, C. C. Frost (in Univ. Vermont Herb.);

Grand View Mountain, E. A. Burt.
Connecticut: Waterbury, C. C. Hanmer, 1191.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, comm. by

Cornell Univ. Herb., 4192.

16. S. elegans (Meyer) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums,
24. textf. 589. 1913. (Not S. elegans of earlier authors.)

Plate 3, fig. 15.

Thelephora elegans Meyer, Fl. Essequeboensis, 305. 1818;
Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 : 430. 1821; Epicr. 545. 1838. (But here
abridged in an important respect so that following authors
modified the description to apply to more common species).

106

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

[Vol. 7

An T. macrorrhiza LeVeillS, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5: 146.
1818? See Lloyd, he. cit., p. 28.

Illustrations: Lloyd, he. cit. Not by the figures under this
name in other works, as Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., for
example.

Fructifications cespitose, coriaceous, confluent, infundibuli-
f orm and deeply split on one side, or little developed on one side
and prolonged and petaloid on the other; upper
surface of pilei glabrous, radially plicate, drying
diamine-brown, the margin paler and more or less
lobed; stems solid, buffy brown, short, tomen-
tose, branched above; hymenium radially plicate,
nearly white, pruinose, often cracked; pileus in
section 400 m thick, composed of densely and longi-
tudinally arranged, hyaline hyphae 3 /x in diam-
eter; no cystidia; gloeocystidia 4 J n in diameter,
barely distinguishable from the basidia; spores
hyaline, even, subglobose, 3^-4 1 fi in diameter.

Fructifications 4-5 cm. high; pilei 1-2 cm. in
diameter; stems about 1 cm. long, 1-2 mm. in
diameter.

In a dense cluster of about 16 fructifications
springing from an area of 2 square centimeters
on the ground. Porto Rico to British Guiana. Summer.

I have not seen the type of Stereum elegans from Dutch Guiana
nor reference to its existence; a collection from Porto Rico on
which the preceding description is based has fructifications
growing on the ground closely together and concrescent where
in contact; the pilei are plicate on both surfaces and contrast
so greatly in color that it seems as though fuscous in connection
with the upper side and whitish flesh-color and pruinose for the
under side might have been used for the color difference. The
specimens of this collection are not zonate; infundibuliform
without any qualification of this character does not seem accu-
rate ; hence it may be that this Porto Rican collection is merely
near, rather than the true, Stereum elegans. However, solitary
fructifications growing on wood, as figured in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam., are certainly a very different species from S.
elegans, the original description of which is as follows:

Fig. 7.

S. elegans.

Gloeocystidia

X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 107

"1. Thelephora elegans. nob.

"T. subcaespitosa infundibuliformis carnoso-coriacea plicata
utrinque glabra, superne dilute fusco-fasciata, inferne albescenti-
carnea pruinosa.

"Ad terrain argillosam.

"Viget Junio.

"Adumbr. Pulchra species. Gregarie crescens, subcarnosa,
tenuis, glabra. Pileus substipitatus, 1-2 uncialis, infundibuli-
formis, subcompressus, undulato-plicatus, margine irregulariter
crenatus, interne rufescens, et fasciis dilute fuscis eleganter vari-
egatus, nitens, externe albescenti-carneus, opacus, pruinosus."

Specimens examined:
Porto Rico: Mayaguez, B. Lopez Santiago, 17 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56265).

17. S. decolorans (Berk. & Curtis) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4.
Stip. Stereums, 36. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 234.

Thelephora decolorans Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 530. 1888.— Podoscypha
decolorans (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt.
Antilles Fr. 231. 1904.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, gregarious or somewhat cespitose,
stipitate; pileus split on one side quite, or nearly, to the stem,
usually wedge-shaped to broadly flabelliform, sometimes radially
lineate, drying cinnamon; stem cylindric, colored like the
pileus, tomentose, attached by a mycelium common to several
fructifications; hymenium colored like the pileus and stem,
sometimes lineate ; pileus in section 200-400 m thick, composed
of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae 3-3 £ m
in diameter; no cystidia; gloeocystidia flexuous, 45-90X3-6 m,
between the basidia or curving into the hymenium; spores
hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-4§X3-4 //.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, 5-13 mm. broad; stem 2-10
mm. long, J-l mm. thick.

On dead wood. Jamaica to Trinidad. May to January.

S. decolorans is stated in the original description to have been
white, drying ochraceous; I have seen only dried specimens
which are pale cinnamon throughout. The occurrence of the

[Vol. 7
108 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

fan-shaped fructifications in clusters on dead wood, pale cinna-
mon color when dry, presence of gloeocystidia, and small sub-
globose spores constitute a group of characters by which dried
specimens of S. decolorans may be distinguished from other
species in our region.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: W. A. Murrill, 1181 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
Cuba: C. Wright 234, 248, type (in Kew Herb, and Curtis

Herb.); Santiago de las Vegas, Van Herman, comm. by

F. S. Earle, 257.
Trinidad: Carengo, M. A. Carriker, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 1.

18. S. radicans (Berk.) Burt, n. comb. Plate 3, fig. 16.

Thelephora radicans Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour. Bot.
3: 190. 1844; Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
329. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 525. 1888.— Podoscypha radi-
cans (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 230. 1904.

Type: in Kew Herb, probably.

"Plant If inch high, f of an inch broad, spathulate or subin-
fundibuliform, split on one side and slightly lobed, minutely
striate, with raised lines, tawny, coriaceous. Stem f of an inch
high, If line thick, incrassated at the base, and sending off
strong branched roots. Hymenium nearly even, fuliginous;
spores apparently fuliginous."

The above is the original description of the type specimens,
collected in Surinam, Guiana, by Hostmann, 489. My knowl-
edge of the species is based upon a later collection made in Cuba
by C. Wright and determined by Berkeley. This specimen
and the others cited below show well the longitudinal raised
lines on the upper surface of the pileus, which is thicker than in
related species, being 1-1 1 mm. thick, and the hymenium 100-
200 m thick; some specimens have dried with the upper surface
pinkish buff and others from wood-brown to Verona-brown;
hymenium even, wood-brown to fuscous; stem 10-15 mm. long,
3-4 mm. in diameter, sometimes radicated to reach buried wood;
no cystidia nor gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, becoming
minutely rough-walled and sometimes slightly angular, 6 X 5 ju.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 209, authentic (in Curtis Herb.).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 109

Jamaica: Castleton Gardens, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill, 66,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Trinidad: R. Thaxter (in Farlow Herb.).
Grenada: W. E. Broadway, September collection (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56316) ; St. George's,

W. E. Broadway (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56317).
British Honduras: M. E. Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56321).

19. S. pusiolum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 330.
1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 558. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 168. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4: Stip. Stereums, 39.
1913. Plate 3, fig. 17.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications gregarious, stipitate, coriaceous, curling in
drying; pileus flabelliform or wedge-shaped, tapering to the
stem, more or less split when large, minutely tomentose or
hoary, white at first, drying smoke-gray, the margin thick and
entire; stem short, solid, a little larger towards the base, colored
like the pileus; hymenium even, mouse-gray, thick, contracting
and sometimes cracking in drying; pileus in section 400-800
fx thick, composed of closely and longitudinally arranged hyaline
hyphae 2\ Aiin diameter; no cystidia, gloeocystidia, nor conduct-
ing hyphae; spores hyaline, even, apiculate at base, 4-5 \ X 3-5 \i.

Fructifications 1-2 cm. high, 1-15 mm. broad; stem 5-8 mm.
long, \-\\ mm. thick.

On clay ground. West Indies. November to March.

The white pileus, drying gray of nearly the shade of Polyporus
adustus, minutely hairy, wedge-shaped, and without zonation,
the much darker hymenium — dark as in P. adustus — the rather
large spores, and the absence of gloeocystidia afford a group of
characters highly distinctive for Stereum pusiolum, the descrip-
tion of which I have changed materially from that published
by the authors of the species. They disregarded Wright's note
that the specimens were white and were collected on banks by
roadside and published instead "rufobrunneum" and "on root-
lets." The recent collections, cited below, which I have com-
pared with the type, show also that the dimensions of the fructi-
fications are usually much larger than those of the type collection.

[Vol. 7
110 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 510, type (in Curtis Herb.); El Yunque,

Baracoa, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle, 1087, 11 41,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., 1141 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56588).
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, /. R. Johnston, 89 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56284).

20. S. glabrescens Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
io : 330. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 558. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 169. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip.
Stereums, 37. text /. 558. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 18.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications scattered, sometimes two from a common
mycelial pad, stipitate; pileus flabelliform, zonate, minutely
velvety, sometimes nearly glabrous, drying Verona-brown to
chestnut, the margin paler, tapering behind into a short stem;
stem lateral, nearly equal, velvety; hymenium even, concave,
drying pinkish buff; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4-5X3-4 m-

Pileus 5-20 mm. long, 5-20 mm. broad; stem 2-10 mm. long,
2-I2 mm. thick.

On fallen twigs and mossy rotten wood. West Indies. May
to September.

S. glabrescens has small, rather scattered fructifications, with
firm, coriaceous, minutely velvety pileus and stem, small sub-
globose spores, and no cystidia, and it occurs on wood. Some
collections are nearly glabrous. A mycelial pad is usually
present at base of stem.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 520, type (in Curtis Herb.); Pinar del Rio,
/. A. Shafer, 13906 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56298).
Porto Rico: Ponce, F. S. Earle, 163, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.
Jamaica: Hollymount, L. M. Underwood, 3427 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56299).
Dominica: Landat, F. E. Lloyd, 380, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 111

21. S. flabellatum Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 16: 179.
1900; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 187. 1902; Lloyd, Myc. Writ.
4. Stip. Stereums, 39. 1913.

Podoscypha flabellata Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 231. 1904.

Pileus membranaceous, thin, expanded anteriorly, regularly
attenuated posteriorly into a lateral stipe which is compressed ;
margin papyraceous, deeply incised or lobed; dorsal surface
marked by slight puberulence of projecting hairs or crests which
are slightly diverging or fan-shaped, not zonate; hymenium
inferior, glabrous, even; stem becoming pubescent, short,
enlarged at the base into a disk for attachment.

Fructification 4-6 cm. high; stem §-1 cm. long, 1-2 mm.
thick. Fructification erect, spathulate, often confluent by the
margin with neighbors, whitish when living, livid and pellucid
upon drying.

On rotting wood on the ground. Guadaloupe.

The above is a translation of Patouillard's description. Lloyd
saw a specimen in the museum at Berlin and states that the
dried specimens are dark reddish bay.

22. S. fissum Berkeley, Hooker's Jour. Bot. 8: 273. 1856;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 169. 1890; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 11: 120. 1895; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums,
37. text f. 559. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 19.

S. Huberianum P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: (15). 1902; 43:
173. 1904.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, and in Curtis Herb.

Pilei gregarious, occurring singly, sessile or short-stipitate,
coriaceous, nabelliform or wedge-shaped, often divided into
wedge-shaped segments, glabrous, even, not shining nor zonate,
white when fresh, now reddish brown in the herbarium, attached
by a flat mycelial pad; hymenium even; in structure 300-400
ix thick, composed of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline
hyphae 3 m, or some 4 ^, in diameter; no cystidia nor gloeo-
cystidia; the few detached spores found are hyaline, even, 6X4 p.

Pileus 8-15 mm. long, 3-15 mm. broad.

On dead twigs, Brazil.

[Vol. 7
112 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. fissum may yet be found as far north as the West Indies and
Central America. The species is noteworthy by its occurrence
on dead twigs in scattered, solitary, azonate fructifications which
are often deeply split into segments, and by absence of cystidia
and gloeocystidia.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ule, Myc. Brasil., 42, under the name Stereum Huberi-

anum.
Brazil : Panure, Spruce, 27, type (in Curtis Herb.) ; Amazonas,
Marmellos, and Jurnd, E. Ule, in Ule, Myc. Brasil., 42.

23. S. cyphelloides Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
331. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 558. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 172. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip.
Stereums, 35. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 20.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Pileus small, flabelliform or spatulate, drying pinkish buff,
longitudinally fibrillose, bibulous, the margin entire, narrowed
behind into a short stem-like base; in structure up to 600 ii
thick, composed of thin-walled, hyaline hyphae 2|-3 11 in diam-
eter, interwoven in the subhymenium; hymenium even, dry-
ing of same color as upper surface of pileus; no conducting
organs, gloeocystidia, nor cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X
3-3^ 11.

Pileus 3-6 mm. wide, 5-7 mm. long.

On a bank among moss. West Indies. February and March.

S. cyphelloides differs from most Stereums in not having a hard
compact structure, as in S. rameale, for example; it is of soft and
bibulous texture but rather too thick for a Cyphella. The stem-
like base is flattened in the same plane with the pileus and has the
hymenium continued along its whole length, hence it is merely a
narrowed portion of the pileus.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 511, type (in Curtis Herb.).
Porto Rico: Monte Cerrote, near Adjuntas, N. L. Britton &
Stewardson Brown, 5449 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56261).

24. S. Hartmanni (Mont.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 34. textf. 553. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 21.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 113

Thelephora Hartmanni Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II.
20: 366. 1843; Syll. Crypt. 176. 1856; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
535. 1888.— T. dissecta Leveilte, Ann.' Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5:
146. 1846; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 531. 1888; Lloyd, loc. cit., 39.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: authentic specimen from Montagne in Kew Herb.

Pilei solitary or cespitose, sessile or barely stipitate, coriaceous,
thin, white, wedge-shaped, deeply cleft into narrow segments
which are more or less pectinate along their margins and apex
and have these teeth-like portions incurved; no cystidia; no
gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-5X3^-4 m.

Pileus 7-50 mm. long, 5-40 mm. broad.

On decaying wood and bark and dead herbaceous stems.
Carolina to Bolivia. July to September in West Indies and
February in Bolivia.

The pilei of S. Hartmanni occur in small tufts of two or three
in the specimens which have been seen; they are very dainty
and unique by the narrow pectinate margins and tips which are
more or less incurved; rarely these teeth occur on the lower
surface of segments of the pileus in a manner suggestive of teeth
of an Irpex but they are in most cases marginal. The maximum
dimensions of the pileus are from the Porto Rican collection;
the other specimens do not have pilei more than 2-3 cm. long.
I have not seen the type of Thelephora dissecta LeV., which was
collected in Guadeloupe; the description agrees so well with S.
Hartmanni that I have followed Lloyd's conclusion that T.
dissecta is a synonym of S. Hartmanni.

Specimens examined:
Carolina: Hartmann, authentic, from Montagne (in Kew Herb.).
Porto Rico: Luquillo Mountain, P. Wilson, SIS (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56302).
St. Kitt's: N. L. Britton & J. F. Cowell, 706, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
Bolivia: R. E. Fries, 272, comm. by L. Romell, 447 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 54780).

25. S. craspedium (Fries) Burt, n. comb. Plate 3, fig. 22.

Thelephora (Merisma) craspedia Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal.
Actis III. 1: 108. 1851; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:533. 1888;
Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 34. 1913.

[Vol. 7
114 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Type : a fragment in Kew Herb., according to Lloyd.

Erect, cespitose, membranaceous-soft, fragile when dry,
palmately branched, complanate, ribbed, dilated above, lacer-
ate-fimbriate at the apex; hymenium definitely inferior, pallid
gilvus; spores white.

In pine woods, Pico de Orizaba, 10,000 ft. altitude, Mexico.
Collected by Liebman.

An extraordinary species, similar to Thelephora tuberosa and
Tremellodendron pallidum but with the substance thin, some-
what membranaceous, fragile when dry, and with the pileus
foliaceous-complanate, ribbed (ribs commonly simple as in
Alaria), very distinct. More than an inch high. Hymenium
occupying the whole lower surface, at length floccose-collapsing
and often foveolate, almost porose; basidia evidently 4-spored.

The above is a translation of the original description. I did
not find the type in Herb. Fries at Upsala nor see the frag-
ment which Lloyd has reported as preserved at Kew.

The specimen from Dutch Guiana, which is cited below, is so
similar in aspect to Tremellodendron pallidum that it is probably
S. craspedium. This cluster is 7 cm. in diameter and 3-4 cm.
high, and agrees well with details of the original description.
The basidia are simple, only detached spores found. These are
hyaline, even, globose, 3 n in diameter.

Specimens examined:
Dutch Guiana: Jacob Samuels (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56300).

26. S. petalodes Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 9: 198.
1852; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:557. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27:165. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 32. textf. 551. 1913. Plate 3, fig. 23.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Kew Herb, according to Lloyd.

Pileus coriaceous, sessile, at first infundibuliform, soon split
into numerous lobes which are again more or less divided, dull
reddish brown, marked with long grooves or striae; hymenium
pale, much cracked, sometimes so much so as to be nearly
granulated.

San Domingo. Coll., Salle, 52.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 115

The above is the original description of S. petalodes, a species
of which I have seen no specimen. Lloyd's figure of the type
shows the fructification to be a rosette-shaped mass 4 cm. high
and 6 mm. in diameter, composed of many elongated pileate
flaps, each of which is flattened and up to 7 mm. broad. No
record was published by Berkeley as to whether S. petalodes
grows on ground or on wood.

27. S. anastomosans (Berk. & Curtis) Lloyd, Myc. Writ.

4. Stip. Stereums, 35. 1913.

Thelephora anastomosans Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 329. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:534. 1888.

Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb.

Fructification stipitate, white, with the pileus divided into
many segments; pileate branches and branchlets more or less
laterally grown together above, somewhat flabel-
liform and fimbriate, below more or less distinct _

or confluent into the common stem; hymenium q

even, inferior; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia; Q

spores copious, hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-4 J X
3J-4 m. Fis- 8-

m j.'n j.' u l cti •u'-u S. anastomosans.

Fructifications about 2J cm. high. g 6

On stump. Cuba. October. From type.

It was noted by the authors of the species that

5. anastomosans is allied to S. craspedium, but the divisions of
its pileus are narrower than I understand them to be in the lat-
ter. S. anastomosans is somewhat suggestive of S. Hartmanni
and S. proliferum but differs in having many pileate divisions
grow out from a common trunk so as to form a rosette-like
mass, as in doubled forms of Thelephora caryophyllea.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 280, type (in Curtis Herb.).

28. S. proliferum (Berk.) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stere-
ums, 34. text /. 554. 1913. Plate 4, fig. 24.

Thelephora prolifera Berkeley, Hooker's Jour. Bot. 8 : 272.
1856; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 542. 1888.
Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.
Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

[Vol. 7
116 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications cespitose, stipitate, coriaceous, erect, white,
now between light buff and cartridge-buff throughout; stem
cylindric, branched above, the branches either slender, cylindric,
sterile bodies, or flattened, membranous pilei 1-2 mm. broad,
1-1 1 cm. long; hymenium on the lower side, even; a few de-
tached spores hyaline, even, 3|X3 m, none found on basidia.

Fructifications about 3 cm. high; stems i mm. in diam.;
pileate branches 1-1 1 cm. long, 1-2 mm. broad.

On roots of trees. Brazil.

Berkeley described S. proliferum as somewhat creeping and
having the branches with tips attached again to the matrix by
means of large, orbicular, radiated and laciniated disks. These
characters should render this species easy for the collector to
recognize, but the herbarium specimen which I studied did not
show the above feature noticeably; it had somewhat the aspect
of S. Hartmanni but without the pectinate margins of the latter.
The hymenium of the specimen studied is in poor condition and
the spore characters, as given above, are uncertain. I studied
for N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., No. 508, a fungus collected at
Church Cove, Bermuda, which has the general aspect of S.
proliferum but with spores hyaline, even, 13-16X6-7 n, and is
probably a distinct species. Still it is well to keep S. proliferum
in mind in connection with species of the West Indies.

Specimens examined:
Brazil: Rio Negro, Spruce, 17, type (in Curtis Herb.).

29. S. caespitosum Burt, n. sp. Plate 4, fig. 25.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, cespitose, effuso-reflexed,
with the resupinate portion small and bearing a cluster of broader
and longer, imbricate, pileate lobes which are somewhat fur-
furaceous or with minute tomentum on the upper side, glabrate
towards the margin, drying tawny and zonate with ochraceous,
tawny zones, the margin entire; hymenium even, whitish to
light buff; in structure 500-700 m thick,, with the intermediate
layer bordered above by a narrow, slightly colored zone and
composed of densely longitudinally arranged, hyaline, thick-
walled hyphae 3 J » in diameter; hy menial layer up to 120 /*
thick, containing numerous slender, flexuous gloeocystidia

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

117

Fig. 9.

S. caespitosum.
Gloeocystidia
and spores X

665.
From type.

3§-5 fji in diameter near the base, tapering out-
ward; no colored conducting organs nor note-
worthy paraphyses; spores hyaline, even, 4-4§X
3— 3§ At, copious.

Resupinate portion covers area 6X5 mm., re-
flexed lobes 5-10 mm. in diameter — about 10 in
the cluster.

On broken lateral stub of dead limb of a fron-
dose species. Jamaica. January. Probably rare.

Viewed from above, S. caespitosum has the gen-
eral aspect and coloration of species of Stereum
in sections having stems, as S. pergamenum and
S. decolorans, but is excluded from these sections
by attachment to the substratum by a distinctly
resupinate portion. The species is unique in the
effuso-reflexed section in the above resemblance,
and with additional characters of clustered,
imbricated habit of growth and presence of
gloeocystidia, should be readily recognized.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Moneague to Union Hill, W. A. Murrill, 1181, type,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

30. S. fuscum Schrader ex Quelet, Fl. Myc. France, 14. 1888;
Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3 : 106. 1897.

Plate 4, fig. 26.

Thelephora fusca Schrader, Spic. Fl. Germ. 184. 1794;
Persoon, Syn. Fung. 568. 1801, and Myc. Eur. 1 : 122. 1822
(in both places renaming the species T. bicolor); Fries, Syst.
Myc. 1 : 438. 1821 (following Persoon). — T. bicolor Persoon,
Syn. Fung. 568. 1801 ; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 : 438. 1821.— Stere-
um bicolor Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 122. 1822 (under **** Stere-
um of Thelephora); Fries, Epicr. 549. 1838; Hym. Eur. 640.
1874; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 195. 1888;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:565. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 177. 1890. — S. coffeatum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea
i:164. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:568. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 190. 1890.

Illustrations: Fries, Icones Hym. pi. 197. f. 2; Karsten,
Icones Hym. pi. 2. f. 9.

[Vol. 7

118

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications somewhat membranaceous, soft, spongy,
sometimes resupinate, usually becoming conchate-reflexed, often

imbricated, villose, becoming glabrous,
somewhat concentrically sulcate, drying
snuff-brown to bister; hymenium even,
glabrous, white, drying cream-color to
pallid mouse-gray; in structure 1000 m
thick, composed of longitudinally and
loosely interwoven hyphae 3 \i in diam-
eter, colored towards the upper surface,
hyaline towards the hymenium; hyme-
nium not zonate, containing nexuous
gloeocystidia 20-60X5-7 /*, rarely 90 m,
long; spores hyaline, 3-4^X2-3 //.

Reflexed pileus 1-4 cm. long, 2-5 cm.
wide; resupinate specimens 3-10X1-3 cm.
On rotting frondose limbs usually, but
sometimes on pine. Canada to Texas,
westward to Oregon, in the West Indies,
and also in Europe. April to December.
Not rare.
Reflexed specimens of S. fuscum may be recognized at sight
by the soft, pliant pileus, brown and felt-like above, with a white
hymenium. Gloeocystidia are so rare in the hymenium of a
Stereum that their presence in abundance in this species affords
a decisive specific character. Wholly resupinate specimens
have the color of the hymenium of reflexed fructifications and
have similar consistency and gloeocystidia. So many reflexed
species occur resupinate that one should be sure to gather the
more or less reflexed fructifications which can usually be secured
associated with the resupinate specimens. Since both Persoon
and Fries recognized the priority of Schrader's specific name/ws-
cum and substituted bicolor, presumably because highly distinc-
tive and appropriate for the species, the restoration of the
original name by recent mycologists seems just.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1207; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col.,
1019; Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3233; Ravenel, Fungi Am.,
9; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2:33; de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,
1704.

Fig. 10. S. fuscum.
Gloeocystidia and spores
X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 119

Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,

1704.
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, Jfi2.
England: Selby, E. A. Burt.
France: Allier, H. B our dot, 16 HI.
Hungary: Kmet, comm. by G. Bresadola.
Canada: J. Macoun, 76, 280.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 21, 59; Toronto, J. H. Fault,

Univ. Toronto Herb., 361 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44863).
Vermont : Middlebury, E.A.Burt; North Ferrisburg, E. A. Burt.
New York: Bronx Park, New York, H. D. House (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54392),

and W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56773); Staten Island, W. H. Ballou

(in Burt Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56774); Syracuse, D. C. Mills (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56281).
Pennsylvania: Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine; West Chester, Ever-

hart & Haines, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1207.
District of Columbia: C. L. Shear, 1039; Takoma Park, C. L.

Shear, 954-
South Carolina : H . W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2 : 33 ;

Santee Canal, H. W. Ravenel, 910 (in Curtis Herb.), and

Curtis Herb., 2923, type of Stereum coffeatum (in Kew

Herb.); Salem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz).
Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5680 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44219); Tipton, C. J. Humphrey, 156.
Florida: Gainesville, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

9; Lake City, P. L. Richer, 898; New Smyrna, C. G.

Lloyd, 2118.
Alabama: Auburn, L. M. Underwood, comm. by U. S. Dept.

Agr. Herb., F. S. Earle (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5058),

and F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker; Fayette Co., P. V. Siggers,

comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 15 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

9226); Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke, 33 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 15763).
Mississippi: Chicou (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43014).
Louisiana: Abita Springs, A. B. Langlois; New Orleans, F. S.

[Vol. 7
120 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56775); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, bz, 2095, and a

specimen comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2737.
Texas: San Antonio, W. H. Long, 21703 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55164).
Ohio: A. P. Morgan (in Lloyd Herb.) and C. G. Lloyd, in Ell.

A Ev., Fungi Col., 1019; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd, 1154, 1326;

Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, V.
Indiana: Greencastle, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56276, 56278); Hibernian

Mills, Whetzel & Reddick, comm. by D. Reddick, 3.
Wisconsin: Madeline Island, V. B. Walker, 6a (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 8359); Madison, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 26.
Missouri: Marianna, H. von Schrenk (in Burt Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 42836); Oran, H. von Schrenk (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 42835); Perryville, C. H. Demetrio, in

Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3233; Williamsville, B. M. Duggar,

48
Arkansas: Cass, W. H. Long, 19923 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

13266); Levisque, P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5057).
Idaho: Kooskia, J. R. Weir, 589 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56776).
British Columbia: Agassiz, J. R. Weir, 603 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 36748).
Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2037 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

43871).
Cuba: Alto Cedro, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle, 1571, 1581,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Baracoa, L. M. Under-

wood & F. S. Earle, 504, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 462, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.; Hope Gardens, F. S. Earle, 500, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Mandeville, A. E. Wight,

comm. by W. G. Farlow; Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill

& W. Harris, 1073, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

31. S. rufum Fries, Epicr. 553. 1838; Hym. Eur. 644. 1874;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:575. 1888; Romell, Bot\ Not. 1895:
71- 1895. Plate 4, fig. 27.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

121

Thelephora rufum Fries, Elenchus Fung, i : 187. 1828. —
Cryptochaete rufa (Fries) Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 48: 408. 1889. — Tubercularia pezizoidea
Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4:301. 1832; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 4: 644. 1886. — Hypocrea Richardsonii Berkeley
& Montagne, Grevillea 4: 14. 1875; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2: 528.
1883; Ellis & Everhart, N. Am. Pyrenomycetes, 86. 1892.—
Corticium pezizoideum (Schw.) von Schrenk, Torr. Bot. Club
Bui. 21 : 385. pi 218. 1894.

Illustrations: von Schrenk, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 21: pi. 218.
1894.

Type: in Herb. Fries.

Fructifications scattered or gregarious, coriaceous-fleshy,
bursting out from the bark, verruciform, plicate-tuberculose,

<mMZc

Fig. 11. S. rufum. Fructifications, /; section of fructification, m; section of
hymenial region, n; spores, s. After von Schrenk.

peltate, vinaceous-brown to hematite-red, under side glabrous,
the margin free all around; hymenium becoming coarsely
wrinkled, vinaceous-brown, often grayish pruinose; in structure
1-2 mm. thick at the center, 600-800 n thick in the marginal
portion, composed of ascending, loosely interwoven, incrusted,
hyaline hyphae 4-4 § /* in diameter over the incrustation; flexuous
gloeocystidia 50-90X7-10 m are scattered in or near the hymeni-
um but not protruding; spores white in spore collection, even,
curved, 6-8X1^-2 /u.

Fructifications 2-4 mm. in diameter.

On dead fallen Populus tremuloides. Newfoundland to Mass-
achusetts and westward to North Dakota and Colorado.
March to December. Common. Occurs in Scandinavia also.

(Vol. 7
122 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. rufum may be recognized at sight by its occurrence on
prostrate poplar limbs and logs in the form of small vinaceous
fructifications with the hymenium gyrosely wrinkled. The
fructifications become peltate when full grown, attached by the
center, and with the marginal portions free and turned outward.

Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 1817, under the name

Corticium rufo-marginatum, and 2716; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

1329; Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 123; Shear, N. Y. Fungi,

88.

Norway: Christiania, M. N. Blytt, authentic specimen (in

Herb. Fries).
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs.,

123; Upsala, L. Romell, 39.
Newfoundland: B. L. Robinson & H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42944); Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17692).
Ontario: Toronto, T. Langton, Univ. Toronto Herb., 595 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
Maine: Orono, F. L. Harvey, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

16620); Portage, L. W. Riddle, 10.
New Hampshire: Shelburne, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 14796).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections; North Fer-

risburg, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Peabody, A. R. Sweetser; Waverley, H. von

Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16623).
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, in Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 88;

East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 4775); Willsboro Point, C. 0. Smith, in

Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 1817.
Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst.
Michigan: Mackinac Island, E.T.&S. A. Harper, 707; North -

port, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22481).
Wisconsin: La Crosse, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14794); Madison, W. Trelease, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

1329, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14794, 16621); Pal-
myra, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 27; Syene, W. Trelease, 3022 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14793).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 123

Nebraska: Lincoln, Miss L. B. Walker, 7 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44818).
North Dakota: Fargo, F. J. Seaver, 25, 54 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 16222, 16637).
Montana: Helena, F. W. Anderson, 202 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 21165).
Colorado: Blind Canon Placer, C. L. Shear, 1021; Golden, E.

Bartholomew & E. Bethel, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,

2716, and E. Bethel & L. 0. Overholts, comm. by L. 0.

Overholts, 1754 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54875); Ouray,

C. L. Shear, 1187.

32. S. Pini Fries, Epicr. 553. 1838; Hym. Eur. 643. 1874;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 574. 1888. Plate 4, fig. 28.

Thelephora Pini Fries, Syst. Myc. i: 443. 1821; Elenchus
Fung, i : 187. 1828. — Sterellum Pini (Schleich.) Karsten, Finska
Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 405. 1889.

Illustrations: Smith, Brit. Basidiomycetes, textf. 98 E, F.

Fructifications gregarious, coriaceous-cartilaginous, orbic-
ular, resupinate, with the margin free and attached by the
center, shield-shaped, finally bullate, drying rigid, Benzo-brown;
hymenium wood-brown to Benzo-brown, somewhat pruinose,
becoming somewhat
tuberculose; in struc-
ture 500 m thick, thin-
ning out towards the
margin, with the in-
termediate layer bor-
dered on each side by
a narrow, colored zone
and composed of lon-
gitudinally arranged,

, ' Fig. 12. S. Pini. Fructifications, /, natural size;

hyaline hyphae with cystidia, c, and gloeocystidia, g, X 665.

walls gelatinously

modified, the subhymenium olivaceous-colored; cystidia in-
crusted, 24X8 11, sometimes very few to be found; fusoid or
irregular gloeocystidia, 30-40X10-15 m> are sparingly present
in or near the hymenium; spores hyaline, even, curved, 5-6
X2-2£ n.

[Vol. 7
124 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 1-4 mm. in diameter.

On bark of fallen limbs of Pinus resinosa. Maine and New
Hampshire. August. Rare.

The fructifications are so near the color of the bark of the
dead pine limbs upon which they grow that they are likely to be
overlooked, or, if collected, roughly classed among the Dis-
comycetes on account of their resemblance to these fungi in
aspect. The occurrence on pine bark, small, shield-shaped
fructifications Benzo-brown in color, and showing in section
both cystidia and gloeocystidia are a combination of characters
which should not fail to identify this species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Krieger, Fungi Sax., 364; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc,

213.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 32.
Germany: Dresden, in Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 213; Konigs-

tein, Saxony, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 364.
France: St. Priest, Allier, H. Bourdot, 15067.
Maine: J. Blake, 659 (in Curtis Herb.).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 37.

33. S. purpureum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1:
110. 1794; Obs. Myc. 2:92. 1799; Fries, Epicr. 548. 1838;
Hym. Eur. 639. 1874; Berkeley, Brit. Fung. 270. 1860; Mor-
gan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 194. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 563. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
186. 1890. Plate 4, fig. 29.

T 'helephor a purpurea Persoon, Syn. Fung. 571. 1801; Myc.
Eur. 1: 121. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 440. 1821.— Stereum
vorticosum Fries, Obs. Myc. 2: 275. 1818; Epicr. 548. 1838;
Hym. Eur. 639. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 563. 1888.

Illustrations: Fl. Danica3: pi. 534-. f. 4) Hussey, 111. Br. Myc.
pi. 20. f. A; Istvanffi, Jahrbuch. f. wiss. Bot. 29: pi. 6.f. 37-39;
Lanzi, Fungi di Roma, pi. 11. f. 2: Sowerby, Col. Figs. Eng.
Fungi, pi. 388. f. 1.

Type: authentic specimen from Persoon in Kew Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-soft, drying rigid, sometimes resup-
inate, usually more or less reflexed, often imbricated, the

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 125

upper side villose-tomentose, light buff to cartridge-buff, the
margin entire; hymenium even, glabrous, light purple-drab to
dark vinaceous-drab ; in structure about 500-800 /* thick ex-
cluding the tomentum, with the intermediate layer more loosely
arranged on its under side in the
subhy menial region and contain- rrnrrrr nrf'irrn

ing pyrif orm, or subglobose, vesic- |V ji//J< 'In / ' ' '/
ular organs 15-30X12-25 M; no *ffl$l^i&
cystidia; spores hyaline, even, y^^/^^C^ /^^v

flattened on one side, 5-7 X 2|-3 /*• ^r^Sli^ V \

Fructifications with resupinate -<=^=^^=r ^^-^

portion about 1-2 cm. in diam-
eter; reflexed portion 5-20 mm. Fis- 13- s- P^pureum. Section

, , , . . i of hymenial region X 90, and vesic-

broad, and sometimes crisped uiar bodies x 665. From authentic

or lobed with lobes 5 mm. in specimen.

diameter.

On dead stumps and logs of Populus, Betula, and other fron-
dose species. Newfoundland to Delaware and westward to
British Columbia and Oregon, also in Uruguay and in Europe.
June to April. Common but not ranging into torrid regions.

S. purpureum is usually recognized by its buff, tomentose
pileus, purplish hymenium which does not bleed when wounded,
and occurrence on poplar. Sectional preparations show charac-
teristic vesicular organs in the subhymenial region, such as
are present in the closely related S. rugosiusculwn, but no hair-
like cystidia in the hymenium, by the absence of which S. pur-
pureum is distinguished from the latter.

The authentic specimen of S. vorticosum in Herb. Fries at
Upsala is 2-3 XlJ cm., narrowly reflexed, with dark purplish
hymenium, and with the usual microscopic structure and spores
of S. purpureum.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3489; Berkeley, Brit.
Fungi, 147; Cooke, Fungi Brit., 12; Ell. & Ev., N. Am.
Fungi, 2018, 2601; Klotzsch, Fungi Germ., 50; Krieger,
Fungi Sax., 1852; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 504; Romell,
Fungi Scand. Exs., 27; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 311.
Europe: authentic specimen of Thelephora purpurea from Per-
soon (in Herb. Hooker in Kew Herb.).

[Vol. 7
126 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Sweden: E. Fries (in Kew Herb.); Femsjo, authentic specimen
of Stereum vorticosum (in Herb. Fries); Stockholm, L. Ro-
mell, 34, 288, and in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 27.

England: M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 147; Hamp-
stead, M . C. Cooke, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 12.

France: Corrombles, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 3355; St. Priest,
Allier, H. Bourdot, 12459, 12461.

Germany: Klotzsch, in Klotzsch, Fungi Germ., 50; Dresden,
in Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 504; Winterberge, Wagner &
Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1852.

Austria: Stapf, Fl. Exs. Austro-Hungarica, 3543 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5125, 715171).

Italy: Trento, G. Bresadola.

Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 20, 86 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5091, 5092).

Ontario: Harraby, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 641; Ottawa, J.
Macoun, 17, 89; J. M. Macoun, comm. by N. Y. State
Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56085); Port
Credit, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 646 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44944); Toronto, R. P. Wodehouse, J. H.
Fault, G. H. Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 310, 311, 677,
respectively (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44887, 44889,
44920); Wilcox Lake, /. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb.,
377 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44929).

Maine: Manchester, F. L. Scribner, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.
Herb.; Orono, F. L. Harvey, 3 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43850) and in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2018; Portage,
L. W. Riddle, 6.

Vermont: Brattleboro, E. A. Burt; Little Notch, E. A. Burt;
Middlebury, E. A. Burt, three collections; North Ferris-
burg, E. A. Burt; Ripton, E. A. Burt, three collections;
Walden, L. S. Orton, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44081).

Massachusetts: Cambridge (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5094).

Connecticut: C. C. Hanmer, 2326, 2061 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 43847/8).

New York: Sartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5151, 5156);
Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1120, 1122, and in Shear, N. Y. Fungi,
311; East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,
2093, 2141, C. J. Humphrey, 307, H. S. Jackson & C. Lewis,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 127

19396; Long Lake, A. H. W. Povah (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 9227); North Elba, C. H. Kaufman, 8 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 16701); Rome, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55022, 55024/5).
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz);

Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 16, 28, and comm. by Lloyd Herb.,

3603.
Delaware: Wilmington, A. Commons, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

Fungi, 2601.
Ohio: Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, 1787, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5093).
Indiana: Indianapolis, /. B. Demaree, comm. by G. W. Hoffer

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54790); Lafayette, C. R. Orton,

5 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44082).
Wisconsin: Madison, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5043); Star Lake, Miss A. O. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 59.
Minnesota: Park Rapids, comm. by E. L. Jensen, 10 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 11100).
Montana: Helena, Monarch, J. R. Weir, 587, 598 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56738, 56739).
Wyoming: Boulder, F. S. Wolpert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 7949

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56219).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 10.
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 74- (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55352); Vancouver Island, /. Macoun, 51 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5737), and comm. by J. Demaree, V88

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22752).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 766, 767; Easton, C. J.

Humphrey, 64-4-9; Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6292; Seattle,

S. M. Zeller, 108 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44140).
Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owsns, 2076 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44038).
Uruguay: Montevideo, W. Mitten Herb., 1325 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56691).

34. S. rugosiusculum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 162. 1873;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 193. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc Bot. Jour. 27:
187. 1890. Plate 4, fig. 30.

[Vol. 7

128

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Stereum Micheneri Berk. & Curtis emend. Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27: 183. 1890.— £. Micheneri Berk. & Curtis, Gre-
villea 1: 162. 1873 (in part). See Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1:
214. 1914.— Corticium Nyssae Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 166.
1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 609. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 120. 1890.— C. siparium Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea
1: 177. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 636. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 139. 1890.

Illustrations: Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. I. 1: 94.
pi 5. /. 45.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-soft, rarely resupinate, usually more
or less broadly reflexed, upper surface tomentose, spongy, some-
times with projecting hairs
collapsed together into a
plane or wrinkled surface,
drying cartridge-buff to
cinnamon-buff, the margin
entire; hymenium even,
drying vinaceous-buff to
fawn color; in structure up
to 1-1$ mm. thick inclusive
of the tomentum, with the
intermediate layer on its
under side in the sub-
tly menial region, loosely
interwoven, and containing more or less numerous^ pyriform
vesicular bodies 15-30X10-20 /x; cystidia slender, thin-walled,
tapering hairs, not incrusted, 4-5 /* in diameter, protruding up
to 25 /x beyond the basidia; spores white in spore collection,
even, flattened on one side, 4^-6X2-3 ix.

Resupinate specimens up to 6 cm. in diameter; reflexed por-
tion 1-2 cm. broad, 2-6 cm. laterally along substratum.

On logs and stumps of Salix and other frondose species.
Ontario to Alabama, in Missouri, and in British Columbia to
Mexico; occurs also in Sweden, France, Italy, England, and
Japan. August to April.

Stereum rugosiusculum is probably more frequent and more
widely distributed than shown by the specimens received, for

m.

Fig. 14. S. rugosiusculum. Section of hy-
menial region X 90; cystidium and basidia,
n, vesicular body, v, and spores, s, X 665.

19201

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 129

the general aspect and microscopic structure of specimens are
usually so similar to S. purpureum that it is distinguishable from
the latter only by the presence of weak flexuous hairs in the
hymenium which are not visible until sectional preparations are
examined with the compound microscope. Such hymenial hairs
were in 1839 figured by Berkeley, loc. cit., in illustrating the
hymenium of what he regarded as Thelephora purpurea but
which now appears to have been S. rugosiusculum. All speci-
mens in which these hair-like cystidia have been demonstrated
have been either resupinate or with simple, reflexed portion
not narrowly lobed or complicate. It has not been possible to
observe a specimen throughout its whole season of growth to
determine whether the hair-like cystidia are a constant character.
In forming the glabrous, rugulose surface upon which the specific
name is based, the specimens do not become denuded of their
original tomentose covering, for sectional preparations of such
specimens, mounted in liquid medium, show this hairy covering
to be of the original thickness and with the tips of the hairs no
longer adhering together into a plane surface but now floating
free. Probably the gluing together of the hairs into a glabrous
surface is a weather phenomenon.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3489, under the name Ster-

eum purpureum; Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 60, under

the name Stereum purpureum; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 323,

under the name Stereum purpureum.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 33.
England: M. J. Berkeley, under the name Stereum vorticosum

(in Kew Herb.).
France: Fautrey, determined by Patouillard as S. purpureum,

comm. by Lloyd Herb., 4339, 4363.
Italy: F. Cavara, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 60.
Ontario: London, J. Dearness, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,

3489.
Maine: Morse, comm. by Sprague (in Curtis Herb., 5413, type

of Stereum Micheneri as emended by Massee); Harrison,

J. Blake, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Piscataquis Co., W. A.

Murrill, 1850, 2158 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56692, 56693).

IVou7
130 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Vermont: Ripton, E. A. Burt

Massachusetts: Sprague, 492 , type (in Kew Herb, and Curtis

Herb., 5412); Cambridge, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 4774), and A. B. Seymour, T 19 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43886).
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, K, 2818a; Lake Placid,

W. A. & E. L. MurriU, 445 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56694) ; White Plains, L. M. Under-
wood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56268).
New Jersey: J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 323.
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 509, type of Corticium Nyssae (in

Curtis Herb., 3486); Ohiopyle, W. A. MurriU, 1043 (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56695);

Trexlertown, W. Herbst.
Virginia: Blacksburg, W. A. MurriU, 351 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56710).
Alabama: Peters, 858, type of Corticium siparium (in Curtis

Herb., 5239); Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56792).
Missouri: Creve Coeur Lake, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13031).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 595 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

36740).
British Columbia: J. Macoun, 62 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5740).
Washington: Bellingham, J. R. Weir, 604 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 36741) ; Seattle, W. A. MurriU, 129, 139, 147, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55743,

55732, 55728); W. A. MurriU, 136, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55735), and S. M.

Zeller, 129 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 129).
Oregon: Corvallis, W. A. MurriU, 892a, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55724); Kiger

Island, S. M. Zeller, 1788 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56653).
California: R. A. Harper, 36 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56697); Sierra Nevada Mts., Hark-

ness, 1060 (in Herb. Cooke in Kew Herb., under the name

Stereum muscigenum) .

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

131

Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 410, 546, 547 (in
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54535,
54581, 54582).

Japan: Kushiro, A. Yasuda, 64 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56136).

35. S. Murrayi (Berk. & Curtis) Burt, n. comb.

Plate 4, figs. 31, 32.

Thelephora Murraii Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 329. 1868; Grevillea 1: 150. 1873; spelling of specific
name changed to Murrayi in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 546. 1888. —
Stereum tuberculosum Fries, Hym. Eur. 644. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 586. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 204.
1890; Romell, Bot. Not. 1895: 70. 1895. — S. pulverulentum
Peck, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 27: 20. 1900; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16:
187. 1902.

Illustrations: Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Myc. Notes 62: pi. 148.
f. 1690. 1920.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications corky, adnate, usually resupinate and broadly
effused, sometimes reflexed, the reflexed upper surface a hard,
horny crust, not shining, concentric-
ally sulcate, fuscous-black or aniline-
black, the margin entire; hymenium
drying from pale olive-buff to avella-
neous, tubercular, deeply cracking; in
structure 300 n thick at first, then be-
coming stratose and thickening to 800
-2000 fi, composed of densely inter-
woven, rather suberect hyaline hyphae
2^-4 fi in diameter and of very numer-
ous, hyaline, pyriform vesicular organs
15-20X12-15 n which are distributed
throughout the whole fructification; no
colored conducting organs nor cystidia;
spores white in spore collection, even, flattened on one side,

4|-5X2JM.

Resupinate specimens 1-10 cm. in diameter, becoming con-
fluent, reflexed part 3-10 mm. broad.

Fig. 15. S. Murrayi. Sec-
tion of hymenial region X
488, showing vesicular bodies.

[Vol. 7
132 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On rotting logs and limbs of frondose species such as Acer,
Betula, Fagus, Quercus, and Tilia. Canada to West Indies and
westward to British Columbia. April to October in the north
and October to March in the West Indies. Common. Occurs
in Scandinavia also.

The specimens upon which were based the original descrip-
tions of S. Murrayi and its synonyms were resupinate; in each
instance the species was included in Stereum or Thelephora,
although longitudinally arranged hyphae are not present and
do not constitute an intermediate layer. The distinguishing
characters of the resupinate specimens are their thickness,
pallid to pale avellaneous color, tubercular and deeply cracked
hymenium, abundance of vesicular organs throughout the whole
thickness of the fructification, and occurrence on a frondose
substratum. The horny crust forming the upper side of the
pileus is similar to that of some species of Fomes and is unique
among our Stereums, but the reflexed stage is so rare that this
character does not often afford help in recognizing the species.
The geographical distribution in three widely separated areas is
remarkable; it seems probable that the European stations in
Norway and Sweden should be regarded as merely outlying
stations of a common North American species; it is very strange
that a species presumably northern should be well established
in Cuba and Jamaica and absent from Florida and the Carolinas,
yet specimens from all three isolated regions are identical in
aspect and microscopical structure.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 704, under the name Stereum

rugosum; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2903, under the name

Corticium colliculosum; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 51, under the

name Stereum rugosum.
Norway: M. N. Blytt, type of Stereum tuberculosum (in Herb.

Fries).
Sweden: Island of Gotland, on Abies excelsa, L. Romell, 135.
Canada: J. Macoun, 18, 43, 60; Billings Bridge, J. Macoun, 44;

Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 69, 72.
Ontario: J. Dearness, 1022 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22682);

Blackwater, J. McFarlane, Univ. Toronto Herb., 330 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44865); Harraby, Lake Rosseau,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 133

E. T. & S. A. Harper, 730; London, J". Dearness, two

collections, and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 704; Ottawa,

J. Macoun, 12, and 676 — the latter comm. by W. G. Farlow

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56757) ; Toronto, Algonquin Park

and Lome Park, J. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 500

and 333 respectively (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44854 and

44873).
Maine: F. L. Harvey, comm. by P. L. Ricker, and F. L. Harvey,

type of Stereum pulverulentum (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.)

and cotype comm. by P. L. Ricker; Portage, L. W. Riddle,

19; Sebec Lake, W. A. Murrill, 2304 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56755).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow; Crawford Notch,

L. 0. Overholts, 4582 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55640);

Groton, J. Blake, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Hebron, P.

Wilson (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56756) ; Shelburne, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.).
Vermont: Bristol, E. A. Burt; Grand View Mt., E. A. Burt,

two collections; Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections;

Ripton, E. A. Burt, two collections and also near Abby

Pond and Lost Pleiad Lake.
Massachusetts: Murray, comm. by Sprague, 546, authentic

specimen of Thelephora Murrayi (in Curtis Herb., 5809).
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1206, 1311, and in Shear, N. Y.

Fungi, 51; Altamont, E. A. Burt; Floodwood, E. A. Burt;

Fulton Center, L. M. Underwood (inN. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56274); Horicon, C. H. Peck

(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56107); Ithaca, C. J: Humphrey, 549; Lake Placid, W. A.

& E. L. Murrill, 194 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56756); North Elba, C. H. Peck, 1;

Seventh Lake, Adirondack Mts., B. M. Duggar & F. C.

Stewart; West Ann, S. H. Burnham, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43997).
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi

Col., 704.
Michigan: Houghton, C. H. Kauffman, comm. by N. Y. State

Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55812); Sailors'

Encampment, Miss A. O. Stucki, 5; Vermilion, A. H. W.

Povah, 190 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17615).

134

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Wisconsin: Ladysmith, C. J. Humphrey, 1914 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42916).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 862, 379 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 16533, 17115).
British Columbia: Agassiz, J. R. Weir, 851 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 8066).
Cuba: C. Wright, 269, type (in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.);

Alto Cedro, Earle & Murrill, 491, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.; Ciego de Avila, Earle & Murrill, 590, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Herradura, Earle & Murrill,

188, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 8860 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7584).
Jamaica: Constant Spring Hotel grounds, W. A. & E. L.

Murrill, 34, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; New Haven

Gap, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 771, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.; Port Antonio, F. S. Earle, 575, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

36. S. saxitas Burt, n. sp. Plate 4, fig. 33.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Fructification thick, stratose, stony-hard throughout, resupi-
nate, effused, becoming narrowly reflexed, the reflexed portion

black above, irregular, stony;
hymenium even or tubercular,
not shining, drying cartridge-
buff to whitish; in structure 1-5
O mm. thick, stratose, composed
0 of alternating pale and darker
£ layers but with a horn-like
translucent luster throughout
when cut; a few vesicular or-
gans 20-25X12-15 n present
along the under portion of each
stratum; no cystidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4-5X3-4 /x.
Resupinate portion 3-6 cm. in
diameter; reflexed margin 2-4 mm. broad.

On bark of apparently a frondose species. Mexico and
Jamaica. December and May.

!

pito/iliii

■KMr

■Mb

Fig. 16. S. saxitas. Section of hy-
menial region X 90, showing vesicular
bod ies ; spores, s, X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

135

S. saxitas resembles in aspect S. Murrayi, and relationship to
this species is further shown by the presence of vesicular organs;
however, it is thicker than S. Murrayi, stony-hard throughout,
contains but few vesicular cells, and has subglobose spores. Its
structure is so extremely hard that it has been possible to cut
sections for microscopic details of only the hymenium and
nearly adjacent regions even after prolonged soaking in water.

Specimens examined:
Mexico : Guernavaca, W. A.&E.L. Murrill, 419, type, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54552). "
Jamaica: John Crow Peak, D. S. Johnson (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56758, and Burt Herb.).

37. S. styracifluum Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. 1 : 105. 1822 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora) ; Fries,
Epicr. 549. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 569. 1888.

Plate 4, figs. 34, 35.

Thelephora styraciflua Schweinitz in Fries, Elenchus Fung.
1: 177. 1828; Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167.
1832.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz and portions in Herb. Fries and
Curtis Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, resupinate and effused, with a nar-
row, free marginal portion, or slightly reflexed, tomentose, dry-
ing pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff;
hymenium dull, pruinose, not mul-
tizonate, drying pinkish buff, exud-
ing a yellow milk when compressed
and becoming dark-discolored, con-
tracting in drying and splitting; in
structure 700-800 1* thick, with the
intermediate layer bordered on its
upper side by a pale golden zone
not denser than the rest of the
layer, composed of very densely
arranged hyphae 2|-3 n in diam-
eter, with pale-colored conducting

organs 3-3^ n in diameter which curve into the hymenium; no
cystidia; spores hyaline, even, slightly curved, 5-8X2|-3 m-

Fig. 17. S. styracifluum. Section
of hymenial region X 488, showing
conducting organs. From type.

[Vol. 7
136 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Resupinate portion 3X2 cm.; the free margin up to 5 mm.
broad.

On under side of dead, fallen limbs of Liquidambar and mossy-
dead trunk of Carpinus. North Carolina and Alabama. Jan-
uary. Rare.

S. styracifluum is intermediate between S. rameale and S.
rugosum; in the region where it occurs it is likely to be regarded
as a resupinate form of S. rameale, from which it differs in darker
and more irregular hymenial surface, greater thickness of fructi-
fication, margin sometimes with a black edge, and reflexed part
tomentose to the margin; the pale-colored conducting organs
are similar in the two species but rather more abundant in S.
styracifluum. The general aspect is so similar to that of S.
rugosum, very common in Europe, that the yellow milk of S.
styracifluum was properly regarded by Schweinitz as an impor-
tant distinctive character of the American species; other differ-
ences are that the intermediate layer is much broader and denser
than that of S. rugosum, that the hymenium is only 20-30 n
broad, never zonate, and that the conducting organs are much
less numerous and paler than in S. rugosum.

Specimens examined:
North Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz, type (in Schweinitz Herb.,

Fries Herb., and Curtis Herb.).
Alabama: Auburn, on Carpinus, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker (in
Burt Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5061).

38. S. gausapatum Fries, Hym. Eur. 638. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 560. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 180.
1890. Plate 4, fig. 36.

Thelephora gausapata Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 171. 1828;
Epicr. 538. 1838.— T. spadicea Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 176.
1828 (not T. spadicea Persoon, Syn. Fung. 568. 1801. See
Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 106. 1897).—
Stereum spadiceum Fries, Epicr. 549. 1838; Hym. Eur. 640.
1874; Berkeley, Outlines Brit. Fung. 270. 1860; also of more
recent English authors. — S. spadiceum var. plicatum Peck, N. Y.
State Mus. Rept. 50: 132. 1897.— S. cristulatum Quelet, Champ.
Jura et Vosges 3: 15. pi. l.f. 15. 1875.— S. occidentale Lloyd,
Myc. Writ. 5. Letter 69:12. 1919.

Type: specimen from Fries in Kew Herb.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 137

Fructifications coriaceous, effuso-reflexed or somewhat dimid-
iate, usually cespitose-imbricated, confluent, varying from vil-
lose to hirsute, buckthorn-brown, more
or less radially plicate; hymenium bleed-
ing when fresh if cut or bruised, drying
snuff-brown and more or less darker dis-
colored; in structure 600-700 m thick

exclusive of the hairy covering, com- Fi8- 18- s- gausapatum.
posed of densely and longitudinally ar- ^,nllof hymff IT"

^ J ° J X 68, showing distribution

ranged hyphae, with flexuous, colored 0f conducting organs.

conducting organs 75-120X5 ju, very

numerous in the hymenium; no cystidia; spores hyaline, even,

5-8X2f-3iyu.

Singly or covering areas up to 10 cm. and more in diameter;
reflexed portion about 1 cm. broad, l-2f cm. long or more, or
with small pilei or lobes 1-1 J cm. in diameter.

On stumps of Quercus usually. Canada to Alabama and
westward to Washington and California. August to March.
Common.

S. gausapatum is usually recognizable at sight by its clustered
fructifications tobacco-colored above and clothed with a heavy
villose or strigose coat, by the rather dark hymenium which
bleeds when cut and becomes somewhat darker discolored in
drying, and by the occurrence on oak. Sectional preparations
show very numerous, colored conducting organs in the hyme-
nium. S. australe of the Gulf states bleeds and has colored
conducting organs, although fewer, but its fructifications do not
form dense clusters and are not radially plicate. S. sanguino-
lentum has the same geographical distribution as S. gausapatum
and bleeds when fresh and has colored conducting organs,
but has small fructifications occurring on conifers only. The
hairy covering of the pileus is greedily devoured by herbarium
insects, leaving the pilei bare of their normal covering if speci-
mens are not protected against their depredations, but, except
for insect depredation, this covering is a persistent character.

Fries described the effuso-reflexed stage of S. gausapatum
under the name T. spadicea, confusing this stage with the more
southern and specifically different Thelephora spadicea of Per-
soon, which does not occur in America. It seems preferable

[Vol. 7
138 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

to use the name S. gausapatum for our species, although unfor-
tunately the other name is in general use in England, and leave
the name S. spadiceum available for use in its original sense as
continental mycologists do. It is surprising that specimens of
S. gausapatum do not occur in Herb. Schweinitz under some
name or other.
. Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2883, 4292; Berkeley,

Brit. Fungi, 144; Cooke, Fungi Brit., 107; Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 325; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3413, under name

Stereum hirsutum; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 218; Ravenel,

Fungi Car. 2: 32; Fungi Am., 447; Romell, Fungi Scand.

Exs., 28, 122.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, J+5, 1+6, 238, and in Romell,

Fungi Scand. Exs., 28, 122.
England: M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 144; Epping,

M . C. Cooke, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 107.
Holland: Amsterdam, C. A. J. A. Oudemans, in Oudemans,

Fungi Neerland., 239 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
France: authentic specimen of Stereum cristulatum from Quelet

(in Herb. Fries); wall of German trench, Lieut. G. W.

Martin, comm. by P. J. Anderson, 3 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55848); St. Sernin, Aveyron, A. Galzin, 1265, comm.

by H. Bourdot, 16234; Corrombles, F. Fautrey, from Lloyd

Herb., 3312.
Italy: Trentino, G. Bresadola.
Canada: Carleton Place, J. Macoun, 419.
Ontario: Lake Joseph, T. Langton, Univ. Toronto Herb., 590

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44846); London, J. Dearness;

Swansea, /. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 375 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44931) ; Toronto, J. H. Fault, G. H.

Graham, T. Langton, R. P. Wodehouse, Univ. Toronto

Herb., 372, 376, 676, 679, 591, 597, 368 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44946, 44932, 44923, 44935, 44849, 44840, 44855,

respectively) .
Vermont: Lake Dunmore, E. A. Burt, three collections; Mid-

dlebury, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Mt. Auburn, E. A. Burt; Stoneham, C. L.

Shear, 1233; Wayland, A. B. Seymour, T36 (in Mo. Bot.

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 139

Gard. Herb., 13939); Waverly, G. R. Lyman, 121; Weston,

A. B. Seymour, T10 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19621).
Connecticut: West Hartford, C. C. Hanmer, 2670 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42605).
New York: Sartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5046, 5102);

Cold Spring Harbor, H. J. Banker (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54434); Green Lake, P. Wilson, 52 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54745); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 223 0. S.,

2140, 7986, 7986b, H. H., 5088, C. J. Humphrey, F. A.

Wolf, 22943; N. Greenbush, C. H. Peck, in Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 325; Poughkeepsie, W. R. Gerard, 271 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.); Shakers, S. H. Burnham, 16 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44010); St. Regis Falls, L. A. Zimm, 94

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21941); Williamsbridge, P.

Wilson, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54746) ; White Plains,

L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56700).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 218.
Pennsylvania: Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine, 5, 6, 8; Spruce

Creek, /. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 371, 672 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44925, 44938); Trexlertown, C. G. Lloyd,

0054.
Delaware: Newark, H. S. Jackson.

Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1018, 1201, 1270, 1273.
Virginia: Clarendon, W. H. Long, 12617 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55103); Park Lane, W. H. Long, 12860 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55109).
North Carolina: Biltmore, C. Harrison, comm. by P. L. Ricker,

E. Bartholomew, 5663 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44262);

Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4318, 4328; Chapel Hill,

W. C. Coker, 334, S821 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56670,

56671).
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

447; Black Oak, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car.

2: 32.
Georgia: Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by W. G. Far-
low, C. C. (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44604).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56287, 56703), and C. F. Baker,

[Vol. 7
140 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

50 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56702) ; Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke, 24, 38 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 17651, 4925).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 165.
Michigan: Beal, 57, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in Mo."

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55810); Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman,

37 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18995); Glen Lake, C. G.

Lloyd, 02551.
Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 02820; College Hill, W. Holden,

comm. by Lloyd Herb.
Indiana: Millers, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 678.
Illinois: River Forest, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 708; Riverside,

E.T.&S. A. Harper, 686.
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev., N.

Am. Fungi, 3413.
Kentucky: S. A. Price (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5136).
Wisconsin: Madison, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 942, Miss A. D.

Stucki, 32, and W. Trelease, 84 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5101).
Iowa: Webster Co., 0. M. Oleson, 2, 8, 5.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 358, 392, 573; St. Louis,

C. R. Ball & H. H. Hume, and E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5023, 21989).
Arkansas: Fayetteville, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi

Col., 2883; Womble, W. H. Long, 19849 in part (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 20271).
Texas: Joaquin, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,

4292.
Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 1017; Roco, C. L. Shear, 1012.
Kansas: Bourbon Co., A. G. Garrett, 86, 129.
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 502

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21630).
Washington: Seattle, S. M. Zeller, 109 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44142); T. C. Frye, 2007 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.);

Whidley Is., N. L. Gardner, Univ. Calif. Herb., 1033 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44151).
Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2085 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44247), W. A. Murrill, 903, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55720); Portland, /. R.

Weir, 896 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14094).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 141

California: /. M. Johnston, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, part of type

of Stereum occidentale (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56762);

Alameda Co., L. S. Smith, Univ. Calif. Herb., 403 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44150); Preston's Ravine, Palo Alto, W.

A. Murrill & L. S. Abrams, 1190, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55711); Redwood

Park, W. H. Long, 12604 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55100) ;

Santa Barbara, 0. M. Oleson, 7, 15.
Arizona: C. G. Pringle, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Mexico: San Luis Potosi, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.

39. S. australe Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter 48: 10. 1913;
and ibid. Letter 60: 15. 1916. Plate 4, fig. 37.

An Thelephora mytilina Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 175. 1828?

Type: in Lloyd Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, attached by the resupinate side and
umbo, broadly reflexed, sometimes laterally confluent, densely
tomentose, becoming concentrically furrowed and very rarely
glabrous and showing the shining chestnut surface of the pileus
in one or more of the furrows, the margin entire, sometimes
becoming blackish; hymenium even, glabrous, drab-gray to avel-
laneous, becoming red-discolored where cut or bruised, and
sometimes bleeding; in structure 900 ju thick, composed of dense-
ly, longitudinally arranged hyphae, among which are a few col-
ored conducting organs 3§— 4J n in diameter which curve into the
hymenium between the basidia; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia
present ; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 4-4| X 2 J-3 n,
few found.

Fructifications with resupinate portion 1-3 cm. broad, reflexed
portion 1-4 cm. broad, 1-5 cm. long and sometimes more by
lateral confluence.

On hardwood logs. Florida and Mississippi to Brazil. Au-
gust to December in the north and in July in Brazil. Appar-
ently rare.

Stereum australe combines the characters of S. fasciatum and
S. gausapatum. Its general aspect resembles that of specimens
of S. fasciatum in a middle period of development when they are
effuso-reflexed and have the umbo developed, but the specimens
of S. australe have a broader resupinate portion than those of S.

[Vol. 7
142 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUBI BOTANICAL GARDEN

fasciatum and are not wedge-shaped and attached merely by
the umbo in any specimens which I have seen; the bleeding or
red-discoloration of the hymenium when cut or bruised and the
presence of colored conducting organs are additional characters
which separate S. australe from S. fasciatum. S. australe may
be distinguished from S. gausapatum by not having its reflexed
portion crisped nor consisting of small pilei which stand out near
together and in imbricate arrangement from a common resupi-
nate portion.

In case of the collection from Mississippi, it was noted that the
substratum was badly sap-rotted.

If original specimens of Thelephora mytilina, collected by Lund
in Brazil, are still in existence, I believe that they will be found
cospecific with S. australe. The geographical range of S. australe
and the description of T. mytilina favor this belief. Fries's de-
scription was probably based on dried specimens, and it does not
mention bleeding of the hymenium nor such a microscopical
character as colored conducting organs, for such a microscopic
detail was not noted in those days, but the blackening of the
edge of the pileus which was observed by Fries is an indication
of a bleeding hymenium and colored conducting organs.

Specimens examined :
Florida: type comm. by C. G. Lloyd (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56608); Kissimme, C. J. Humphrey, 3532 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 3370).
Mississippi: Laurel, C. J. Humphrey, 5434-
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 189, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54446).
Canal Zone: Gatun, M . A. H. (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56707).
Grenada: W. E. Broadway (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56625, 56626).
Venezuela: Caracas, Mr. & Mrs. J. N. Rose, 22038 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56657).
Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, /. N. Rose & P. G. Russell, 21480 (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56627).

40. S. rugosum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 110.
1794; Fries, Epicr. 552. 1838; Myc. Eur. 643. 1874; Berk-

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 143

eley, Brit. Fungi, 271. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 572. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 191. 1890.

Plate 4, figs. 38, 39.

Thelephora rugosa Persoon, Syn. Fung. 569. 1801; Myc.
Eur. 1: 127. 1822; Albertini & Schweinitz, Consp. Fung. 274.
1805; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 439. 1821; Elenchus Fung. 1: 177.
1828.

Illustrations: Istvanfn, Jahrbuch. f. wiss. Bot. 29: pi. 4»
/. 11; pl.5.f. 19.

Fructifications coriaceous-corky, usually resupinate and
effused, with a narrow, free, marginal portion, or sometimes
reflexed, silky at first and pinkish buff, at
length concentrically furrowed, radially 'VsSKft

pitted and weathering gray, the margin
thick, entire; hymenium dull, pruinose,
drying pinkish buff to drab-gray, when
fresh bleeding where wounded; in struc-
ture 500-1800 fi thick, with the interme-
diate layer bordered on the upper side by
a dense golden zone and on the lower side Flg- 19# Sm ru9°sum'

, . . , , . , , Section X 19; interme-

by a two- to many-zoned hymemal layer diate layer> i; dense
120-1200 n thick, hyphae of intermediate golden zone, z; the scat-
layer 2£-3 /* in diameter; dark-colored tered darker lines in

1 .. 0 n hymenial zones show

conducting organs very numerous, 3-6 M dfstribution of conduct_
in diameter; no cystidia; spores hyaline, ing organs.
even, flattened on one side, 7-10X3-4 ju.

Resupinate on areas 2-6 cm. in diameter; free or reflexed
margin 2-12 mm. broad.

On stumps of Alnus, Corylus, Quercus, Betula, and other fron-
dose species. Newfoundland, Ontario, New York, and moun-
tains of North Carolina. July to October. Rare in North
America, common in Europe.

Although usually resupinate and likely to be regarded as a
Corticium by collectors, nevertheless sectional preparations
show the highly developed characteristic structure of a Stereunij
with intermediate layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae,
golden crust, etc. The bleeding of the hymenium and the abun-
dant colored conducting organs locate the species among the
Stereums in the group with S. gausapatum, S. australe, and S.

[Vol. 7
144 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

sanguinolentum, from each of which S. rugosum is sharply distinct
by its two- to several-zoned hymenium — a character by which
the species is also separable in dried herbarium condition from
S. styracifluum when no observations have been recorded as to
the color of the milk of specimens in fresh condition.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 145; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1853,

1853b; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 503; Romell, Fungi

Scand. Exs., 30; de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1009.— All speci-
mens distributed as S. rugosum in American exsiccati were

misdetermined.
England: M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 145; Epping

Forest, E. A. Burt; Kew Garden, G. Massee.
Sweden: L. Romell, l+O-lf.2; Femsjo, E. A. Burt; Stockholm,

L. Romell, in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 30; Upsala,

E. P. Fries (in Curtis Herb.).
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,

1007.
Germany: Dresden, in Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 503; Saxony,

Uttewalder Grunde, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax.,

1853, 1853b.
Hungary: Tatra Magna, Locse, V. Greschik, comm. by G.

Bresadola.
Italy: Trentino, G. Bresadola, two collections.
France: Allier, St. Priest, H. Bourdot, 15023.
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 160 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5096); Trinity Bay, A. C. Waghorne,

1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5098).
Quebec: Gaspe, J. Macoun, and 254 (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56094).
Ontario: Ottawa, /. Macoun, 88.
New York: Fall Creek, G. F. Atkinson, 949.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4189.

41. S. sanguinolentum Albertini & Schweinitz, Consp. Fung
274. 1805 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora); Schweinitz, Natur-
forsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift. i: 106. 1822; Fries, Epicr. 549.
1838; Hym. Eur. 640. 1874; Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 271. 1860;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 564. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 189. 1890. Plate 5, fig. 40.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

145

Thelephora sanguinolenta Alb. & Schw. in Fries, Syst. Myc.
i: 440. 1821; Elenchus Fung, i: 178. 1828.— Stereum bal-
sameum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 27: 99. 1875; ibid.
30: 75. 1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 584. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 196. 1890. — S. balsameum form refiexum
Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 47: 152. 1894.— S. rigens Kars-
ten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 37: 243. 1882;
ibid. 48: 396. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 121. 1895.

Illustrations: Gillet, Hymenomycetes ; Greville, Crypt. Fl. 4:
pi. 225; Istvanffi, Jahrbuch. f. wiss. Bot. 29: pi. 4. f. 7-10;
Klotzsch in Dietrich, Fl. Reg. Borussici, pi. 381; Nees, Syst.
2nd ed. pi. 28. f. 1-3; Patouillard, Tab. Anal./. 28.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, effused, and reflexed, with
upper surface villose to silky and the hairs appressed and some-
what radiately arranged, dry-
ing pinkish buff to pale olive-
buff, the margin thin; hy- |ja||||l
menium glabrous, bleeding Jp
where wounded, contracting jf/ji
in drying and cracking to the
substratum in the resupinate
portion, drying avellaneous
to wood-brown; in structure
400-600 m thick, with inter-
mediate layer bordered on

the upper side by a narrow, dense golden zone, and composed
of densely arranged hyaline hyphae 3 ju in diameter and of
colored conducting organs 3-4 n in diameter which curve into the
hymenium and are usually numerous there; no cystidia; spores
white in spore collection, even, slightly curved, 6-7 X2§ ju.

Resupinate portions 1-5 cm. in diameter, reflexed margins
2-10 mm. broad.

On stumps and logs of Pinus, Abies, and Tsuga. Ontario to
Pennsylvania and westward to British Columbia and California.
July to March. Frequent.

S. sanguinolentum is commonly resupinate or barely reflexed,
so that it is best recognized by its occurrence on conifers and
-bleeding of the hymenium where wounded, or becoming merely
red-discolored along the edges of the wound if the wound is

Fig. 20. S. sanguinolentum. Section
of hymenial region X 68, showing distribu-
tion of conducting organs; spores, s, X 488.

[Vol. 7
146 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

made during dry weather. The somewhat drab color the hy-
menium assumes in drying and its deep cracks are highly char-
acteristic of dried specimens. Colored conducting organs are
abundant in the hymenium and subhymenium and should
be demonstrated if other characters leave the determination
doubtful.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Krieger, Fungi Sax., 160; Romell, Fungi Scand.

Exs., 29; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 2010, and 2111, under

the name Stereum rigens.
Sweden: L. Romell, 4$, 44 >' Lapland, L. Romell, 401 bis; Stock-
holm, L. Romell, in Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 29; Upsala,

E. A. Burt.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thlimen, Myc. Univ.

2010,2111.
France: Allier, H. Bourdot, 5586, 7591.
Italy: G. Bresadola; Florence, G. Arcangeli (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44565).
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 337, 350, the

latter determined by Peck as S. balsameum (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5099, 5056).
Canada: comm. by J. B. Ellis, 5070 (in Kew Herb., under the

name Stereum triste as determined by Cooke) .
t^jebec: Montreal, R. J. Blair, comm. by L. O. Overholts,

3787, 4107 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55097, 55638).
Ontario: Bond Lake, /. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 320

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44875); Casselman, J. Macoun,

359; Lake Nipegon, J. Macoun, 103; Ottawa, J. Macoun,

11; Toronto, R. P. Wodehouse, Univ. Toronto Herb., 369

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44850); York Mills, J. H. Fault,

Univ. Toronto Herb., 318 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44877).
Maine: Piscataquis Co., W. A. Murrill, 2029 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56705); Portage,

L. W. Riddle, 18.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 4l Tuckerman's

Ravine, Mt. Washington, L. O. Overholts, 4949 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56343).
Vermont: Little Notch, Middlebury, and Ripton, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: R. J. Blair, 327, comm. by L. O. Overholts,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 147

4118 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55641), and D. W. Weis,
comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 129 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56708).

New York: Adirondack Mts., C. H. Peck, type of Stereum bal-
sameum (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.) ; Alcove, C. L. Shear,
1186; Cayuga Lake Basin, G. F. Atkinson, f, 3028, 8271, and
H. Hasselbring, 3408; Glasco, P. Wilson, 38 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54743); Ithaca, C. J. Humphrey, 305,

Pennsylvania: Shingleton Gap, A. S. Rhoads, 9 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44086).

North Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz).

Michigan: Gogebic Co., E. A. Bessey, 224 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56563).

Montana: Anaconda, J. R. Weir, 11973 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56727); Elkhorn, /. R. Weir, 9749 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56224); Evaro, J. R. Weir, 413 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 14773).

Colorado: Ouray, C. L. Shear, 1186.

New Mexico: Sandia Mts., W. H. Long, 21576, 21597 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55154, 55116); Tyom Experiment Sta-
tion, W. H. Long, 21 55 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55115).

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 47, 347 (the latter in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 9989); Sandpoint, E. E. Hubert, comm. by
J. R. Weir, 11612 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56726).

British Columbia: Agassiz, /. R. Weir, 387 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 20887); Hastings, J. Macoun, 27; Kootenai Mts.,
near Salmo, /. R. Weir, 507 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
22700); Sidney, /. Macoun, 411 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55311).

Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 871; Falcon Valley,
W. N. Suksdorf, 723; Hoquiom, C. J. Humphrey, 6383;
Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6306; Rent on, C. J. Humphrey,
6439.

California: Muir Woods, W. A. Murrill, 1153 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55705); Olema,
M. A. H. (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56590); Sutro Woods, R. A. Harper (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56704^.

Arizona: Coronada Nat. Forest, Santa CatalinajMts., G. G.

148

(Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Hedgcock & W. H. Long, comm. by C. G. Humphrey, 2561
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9438).

42. S. sulphuratum Berkeley & Ravenel, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 331. 1868; Grevillea 1: 163. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
566. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 192. 1890.

Plate 5, fig. 41.
Stereum ochroleucum Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 : 91. 1903. Not
Stereum ochroleucum Fries, Hym. Eur. 639. 1874, nor Corticium
ochroleucum Fries, Epicr. 557. 1838.
Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, stiff, effuso-reflexed, finally umbo-
nate along the line of attachment to the substratum, and lobed,

upper surface tomentose-hirsute, con-
centrically furrowed, "sulphur colored'7
when fresh, becoming cartridge-buff to
gray in the herbarium, the surface not
hardened and crust-like under the hairy
^ ^\ covering; hymenium even, glabrous,

^ N ^ v becoming pinkish buff to dirty tilleul-

buff in the herbarium; in structure 200-
400 fx thick under the hairy covering,
with the intermediate layer not differ-
entiated on its upper side into a dense
golden zone but hyaline throughout
and with the longitudinally arranged
hyphae 3-3J m in diameter, curving outward on the upper side to
form the hirsute covering and curving downward on the under
side to form the hymenium; no colored conducting organs,
gloeocystidia, nor cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 6-8X2-3 At.

Fructifications with resupinate portion \-2 cm. broad, 10 cm.
and more long on under side of limbs; reflexed lobes \-\\ cm.
broad, \-2\ cm. long.

On dead limbs of Betula and other frondose species. Georgia
to Mexico, West Indies, Venezuela, and Brazil. September to
January. Not common.

In growing condition, the sulphur color attributed to speci-
mens of S. sulphuratum and the heavy, hirsute covering of the
pilei, taken in connection with geographic range wholly south

Fig. 21. 8. sulphuratum.
Section of type X 68. The
outer border of intermediate
layer not a colored, crust-like
zone.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 149

of that of S. hirsutum, should render specimens of the former
species easily distinguishable. All gatherings of S. sulphuratum
which I have seen had already faded to the gray color of old,
weathered S. hirsutum and in this condition are best distin-
guished by not having underneath the hairy covering a thin
hardened crust as the upper surface of the intermediate layer,
nor a dense, somewhat golden zone on the upper border of the
intermediate layer when sectional preparations are examined
with the microscope.

S. sulphuratum occurs also in Westphalia, Germany, appar-
ently an isolated station, and has been confused there with
Stereum ochroleucum Fries, a species of thicker and softer struc-
ture having hyphae interwoven instead of densely and longitudi-
nally arranged — for which reason Fries was doubtful about its
being a true Stereum and published the species originally as a
Corticium. Collections from Sweden and France communicated
to me as cospecific with the Westphalian gatherings have the
upper surface of the intermediate layers with a crust-like golden
zone and are referable to >S. hirsutum instead.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 49, under name of

Stereum ochroleucum; Rick, Fungi Austro-Am., 260, under

name of Stereum ochroleucum.
Germany: Westphalia, Lengerich, W. Brinkmann, comm. by

G. Bresadola, and in Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 49.
Georgia: Catoosa Springs, H. W. Ravenel (in Kew Herb, and in

Curtis Herb., 1731).
Florida: C.G. Lloyd, 2131.
Alabama: Auburn, Ala. Biol. Surv., comm. by F. S. Earle;

Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

22017).
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 316, 343, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54438,

55477).
Cuba: C. Wright, 292, type (in Kew Herb.).
Jamaica: Farr (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56667); Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 480,

546, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Morce's Gap,

W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 723, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

150

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Herb.; Monkey Hill, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 784, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Sir John Peak, L. M. Under-

wood, 3182 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56668).
Venezuela: Fendler, 169 (in Curtis Herb.).
Brazil: Sao Leopoldo, Rick, in Rick, Fungi Austro-Am., 260.

43. S. hirsutum Willdenow ex Fries, Epicr. 549. 1838; Hym.
Eur. 639. 1874; Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 110.
1794; Obs. Myc. 2: 90. 1799; Berkeley, Outlines Brit. Fung.
270. pi. 17. f. 7. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 563. 1888.

Plate 5, fig. 42.
Thelephora hirsuta Willdenow, Fl. Berol. Prod. 397. 1787;
Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 439. 1821; Persoon, Syn. Fung. 570.
1801; Myc. Eur. 1: 116. 1822. — Auricularia reflexa Bulliard,
Herb, de la France 1 : 281. pi. 27 1+. 1785. — Thelephora ochracea
Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift. 1: 106. 1822,
but not of Fries. — T. subzonata Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 181.
1828; Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167. 1832.—
Corticium subzonatum Fries, Epicr. 557. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 608. 1888. — Stereum variicolor Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter
53:10. 1914.

Illustrations: Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. pi. 17. f. 7 ; Bolton,
Hist. Fung. pi. 82; Bulliard, Herb, de la France, pi. 274; Hussey,

111. Brit. Myc. 1 : pi. 58; Sowerby,
Col. Figs. Brit. Fung. pi. 27;
Stevenson, Brit. Fungi 2: 267.
text f. 86. See Sacc. Syll. Fung.
20: 890, for reference to other
illustrations.

Fructifications coriaceous, stiff,
effuso-reflexed, rarely wholly re-
supinate, strigose-hirsute, some-
what concentrically furrowed, not
complicate, cream-buff at first,
Fig. 22. S. hirsutum. Section x becoming grayish when old and
68; intermediate layer, i; golden, weathered, with a thin, hardened,
crust-like zone, z; hymemum contain- .... p .

ing very few conducting organs, h; crust-like surface bearing the
fpores, s, x 488. hairy covering, the margin entire;

1920 ;

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 151

hymenium even, warm buff at first, sometimes becoming pale
smoke-gray, unchanged when cut or bruised; in structure
500-700 ix thick under the hairy covering, with the inter-
mediate layer bordered next to the hairy covering by a very
dense, narrow, golden zone, the rest of the intermediate layer
composed of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae
3-4 m in diameter, some of which in the subhymenium are thick-
walled, up to 5-6 m in diameter, and very rarely have golden-
brown contents as seen between the basidia; no colored con-
ducting organs, cystidia, nor gloeocystidia; spores white in spore
collection, even, flattened on one side, 5-7|X2-2f n.

Reflexed portion varying from barely reflexed up to 2 cm.
broad, 1-2 cm. long; fructifications merely gregarious or con-
fluent, and imbricated.

On logs and stumps of birch, beech, and other frondose
species. Newfoundland to South Carolina and westward to
British Columbia and California, and in Mexico. July to
November in the east and to February in the Pacific states.
Common.

Stereum hirsutum is characterized by its strigose-hirsute,
buff-colored pileus, weathering more or less gray, and by its
warm buff hymenium, sometimes smoke-gray, which does not
exude a red juice when wounded; as in S. rameale, S. versicolor,
S. fasciatum, S. lobatum, S. australe, and S. gausapatum, the
upper surface of the intermediate layer is differentiated into a
thin, golden, somewhat horny crust from which the hairy cover-
ing springs. This golden zone shows well under the microscope,
and its presence is a decisive character for separating S. hir-
sutum from the southern S. sulphuratum, a species of somewhat
similar aspect.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 146; Cavara, Fungi Longo-
bardiae, 61; Cooke, Fungi Brit., 108; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,
1204; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 118; Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc,
211; Romell, Fungi Scand. Exs., 26.
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, two collections, and E. A. Burt;
Mauritzberg, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 4078 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56671); Stock-
holm, L. Romell, 30, Ifil, and in Romell, Fungi Scand.
Exs., 26.

[Vol. 7
152 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

England: M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 146; Epping,

M. C. Cooke, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 108; Kew Gardens,

G. Massee; Selby, E. A. Burt.
France: Fautrey, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 3326; Aveyron, A.

Galzin, 8459, comm. by H. Bourdot, 7813; St. Priest,

Allier, H. Bourdot, 19770.
Germany: Nossen, Saxony, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax.,

118.
Italy: A. Carestia, 784, 1215, comm. by G. Bresadola; Pavia,

F. Cavara, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 61.
Newfoundland: A. C. Waghorne, 118 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5082).
Canada: /. Macoun, 69.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 16, 466a; Port Credit, J. H. Fault,

Univ. Toronto Herb., 353 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44858) ;

Toronto, G. H. Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 678 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44919).
Maine: Milo, W. A. Murrill, 2024 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56682).
New Hampshire: North Conway, L. 0. Overholts, 5009 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56346).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt; Ripton, E. A. Burt; Smug-
glers Notch, E. A. Burt, two gatherings.
Massachusetts: Boston, L. C. Monahan (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 15309); Cambridge, E. A. Burt; Mt. Auburn,

E. A. Burt; Nahant, A. B. Seymour, T 81 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 12954); Waverly, A. B. Seymour, T 25, T 26

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16364, 18372); Waltham, A. B.

Seymour, T 16 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17912).
Connecticut: Broad Brook, C. C. Hanmer, 2682 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42606); Mansfield, P. W. Graff, 13 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44817); Storrs, P. W. Graff, 29 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44804).
New York: G. F. Atkinson, 8026, and W. H. Wright, comm.

by G. F. Atkinson, 7990; Alcove, C. L. Shear, 995; Fall

Creek, W. H. Wright, 7992; Floodwood, E. A. Burt.
Pennsylvania: Spruce Creek, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb.,

337 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44883); West Chester,

Everhart & Haines, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1204.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 153

North Carolina: Schweinitz, types of T. ochracea and T. sub-
zonata (in Herb. Schweinitz) ; Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson,
4308.

South Carolina: Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs.

Michigan: Cadillac, H. D. House, 1225 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56673); Isle Royale,
Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 23; Vermilion, A. H.
W. Povah, 199 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15145).

Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 5, 7, and another specimen,
comm. by H. H. Whetzel.

West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1173.

Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 62 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 3972).

Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb.,
8, 9; Madison, Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 34,
and W. Trelease, 5, 26 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56683,
56684) ; Palmyra, Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 33.

Minnesota: Lake Itaska, comm. by E. L. Jensen, 9 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 11088).

Missouri: B. M. Duggar, 95; Meramec, P. Spaulding (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5025).

Arkansas: Womble, W. H. Long, 19844, 19888 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 8963, 14651).

Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 1023.

Montana: Evaro, J. R. Weir, 431 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
22515); Mystic Lake, C. L. Shear, 1102.

Colorado: Steamboat Springs, E. Bartholomew, 5578 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 9185, 44584); Tolland, F. J. Seaver &
E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56674).

New Mexico: Albuquerque, W. H. Long, 21153 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55112); Cloudcroft, F. S. Earle, 495, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and W. H. Long, 19542 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55111); Tejano Exp. Station, W.
H. Long, 21875, 21894, 21907 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55161-55163); Tyom Exp. Station, W. H. Long, 21365,
21366, 21426 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55113, 55114,
55160); Ute Park, P. C. Standley, 14197, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44953) ; Weeds,

[Vol. 7
154 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN

L. Wymans, comm. by W. H. Long, 12969 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55110).

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 19, 31, 48.

British Columbia: New Westminster, A. I. Hill (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo.. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56675); Oak Bay,
/. Macoun, 579a (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55310); Sidney,
/. Macoun, 46, 47, 49, 52, 52 bis, 53, 54, 84 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5736, 6674, 6694, 6682, 55361, 6698, 6697,
6704 respectively).

Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 692, 693, 709, 874, 891,
893, 916, 953; Kalama, C. J. Humphrey, 61 40; Chehalis,
C. J. Humphrey, 6254 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16677);
Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6310; Seattle, S. M. Zeller, 119
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44139); Tacoma, W. A. Murrill,
127, 142, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55744, 55730).

Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2036, 2054, 2057, 2084, 2135,
2136, 2139, 2142, 2143 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43872,
43878, 43877, 44249, 44695, 44694, 44693, 44699, 44702
respectively), and S. M. Zeller, 1814 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56332); Eugene, C. J. Humphrey, 6050, 6063, 6076
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17175); Mt. Hood, G. G. Hedg-
cock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2569 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 16418); Granite Pass, /. R. Weir, 8680, 8681 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 36752, 36753).

California: R. A. Harper, 8, 109, 141, 143 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56678-56681), and Miss
E. Hyatt, comm. by C. L. Shear, 1089; Berkeley, C. J.
Humphrey, 5970, 5982, H. A. Lee, Univ. Calif. Herb., 1015,
1016, 1019, 1021, 1022 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44154-
44156, 44152, 44157 respectively), W. A. Setchell, Univ.
Calif. Herb., 1023, 1024 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44153,
44245), and G. Courvoisier, Univ. Calif. Herb., 1025 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44149); Claremont, D. L. Crawford, D 12,
comm. by L. O. Overholts, 3280 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
10479) ; Coast Range, C. F. Baker, 82, 101, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; Fair Oaks, R. A. Harper (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56676); Julian,
E. Bethel, 28272 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55439); North-

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 155

brae, L. S. Smith, Univ. Calif. Herb., 416 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44148); Muir Woods, W. A. Murrill, 1133 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55713); Pine-
hurst, E. Bethel, 26269, 26274 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55438, 55440); Preston's Ravine, W. A. Murrill & L. S.
Abrams, 1171, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55707); San Francisco, W. A. Setchell &
C. C. Dolier, W. A. Murrill, 1111, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55702); Santa
Barbara, 0. M. Oleson, 6, 9, 16; Santa Cruz, G. J. Str eater
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56677); Sutro Forest, A. S. Rhoads, 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56045).
Mexico: Coyoacan, Roldan, comm. by J. R. Weir, 14937, 14999
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56795, 56796).

44. S. fasciatum Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. 1 : 106. 1832 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora) ; Fries,
Epicr. 546. 1838 Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 560. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 180. 1890.

Plate 5, figs. 43-45.

Thelephora versicolor (3 fasciata (Schw.) Fries, Elenchus Fung.
1: 175. 1828; Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167.
1832. — T. ostrea Blume & Nees, Acad. Leop.-Carol. Nov. Acta
131: 13. pi 2. 1S2Q.— Stereum ostrea (Bl. & Nees) Fries,
Epicr. 547. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:571. 1888; Bresa-
dola, Hedwigia 51: 321. 1912. — Thelephora (Stereum) mollis
Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5: 147. 1846.— Stereum
molle Leveille in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 577. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 175. 1890.— S.
arcticum Fries, Hym. Eur. 639. 1874.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz and in Curtis
Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, rigid, in the
north at first broadly effuso-reflexed with
the resupinate portion narrow, soon umbo-
nate sessile — perhaps so from the first Fie-23- S. fasciatum.

,1 • -. Tin n 1 Section of reflexed stage,

in the tropics— often laterally confluent, natural size; spores> 8)
sometimes pseudo-stipitate by prolongation x 665.

[Vol. 7
156 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

of the umbo, at first densely tomentose and drying warm buff to
tawny olive, at length weathering to pale smoke-gray to neutral
gray and sometimes with the tomentum torn apart in narrow
zones and showing the hazel or chestnut surface of the bared
areas, the margin normally entire; in structure 400-700 m thick,
with the intermediate layer composed of very densely arranged,
hyaline hyphae 4 ^ in diameter and bordered on the upper side
by a broad dark zone which bears the tomentum of the upper
surface; hymenium glabrous, usually warm buff to cinnamon-
buff, sometimes assuming violaceous tints; no cystidia, gloeo-
cystidia, nor conducting organs; spores from spore collections
white, even, flattened on one side, 5J— 7§ X2J-3 n.

Fructifications 2-7 cm. in diameter, often laterally confluent.

On logs and stumps of Quercus and other hardwood species.
Common throughout North America from Canada southward,
in the West Indies, and in South America; occurs also in Norway,
Sweden, Formosa, and Java, although apparently rare in the
Old World. In vegetative condition from June onward in the
north, persisting throughout the year.

Specimens of S. fasciatum may be distinguished from those of
the less common S. lobatum by the thicker tomentose covering
of the former, which may continue unbroken throughout the
year or become torn apart so as to show rather few and narrow,
bared chestnut zones; the pileus of S. fasciatum is thicker than
that of S. lobatum, and the margin has a lobate tendency but
rarely. Towards the northern part of its range where I have
observed the development of fructifications throughout the
season, the fructifications are at first effuso-reflexed with the
resupinate portion up to 1 cm. broad, the reflexed portion 1J
cm. from base to margin, and with a lateral extent along the
substratum of 2-8 cm.; umbos soon form at points 1-2 cm.
apart along line of intersection of the plane of reflexed portion
with the substratum; by further growth outward of the laterally
confluent pilei these umbos become the final points of attach-
ment of the pilei with the substratum. In Washington and
California the fructifications may continue broadly reflexed
when old and are difficult to distinguish from luxuriantly grown
S. hirsutum.

The specimens from Formosa, cited below, are in the stage in

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 157

which the fructifications are still with a resupinate portion but
with the umbos distinctly outlined, and exactly agree in all
respects, even including spore dimensions, with my Vermont
collections of the same stage. The authentic specimen of
Thelephora ostrea from Java is in the final stage with attachment
by umbo only and is clothed over its whole upper surface with a
thick coat of tomentum, and matches well most of the specimens
of the type collection of Stereum fasciatum in Herb. Schweinitz.
I infer from the lack of specimens of S. fasciatum from the East
Indies and the Philippines in published exsiccati, that this
species is very rare there and that what frequently has been
listed as S. ostrea is really the very common S. concolor instead.
Schweinitz's original description of S. fasciatum presents at
such length the disappearance of tomentum from the upper
surface of the pileus and the broad, glabrous, shining surface
with many vari-colored zones, that it seems probable he may
have intended the description to comprehend not only S. fascia-
tum as treated by me but also S. lobatum, which he must have
seen about him in North Carolina; nevertheless, the, ample
collection of specimens in Herb. Schweinitz which were preserved
as the type of S. fasciatum contains no fructifications referable
to S. lobatum.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2590, under the name S.
versicolor, 2884, under the name S. versicolor, 2985, 3985,
4291, and 4986; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 18, under the name
S. versicolor v. fasciata, 514a, and c, both under the name
S. versicolor; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1714, under the
name S. purpureum; Ellis & Ev., Fungi Col., 306, under the
name S. versicolor; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 220, under the
name S. versicolor, and 721; Smith, Central Am. Fungi,
145, under the name S. versicolor; de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,
2011, mixed with S. lobatum.
Norway: Bosekon, Finmark, M. N. Blytt, type of Stereu^m

arcticum (in Herb. Fries).
Sweden: on Alnus, North Sweden, comm. by L. Romell, 400.
Canada: J. Macoun, 12.

Prince Edward Island: /. Macoun, 346 (in Macoun Herb.).
Quebec : J. Macoun, 77, 239, 249, 464 (all in Macoun Herb.)

[Vol. 7
158 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Ontario: Bond Lake, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 319
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44874); Ottawa, J. Macoun, 50;
Port Credit, J. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 352, 354
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44857, 44856); Rondeau Park,
J. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 358 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44870); Toronto, J. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb.,
356 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44868), T. Langton, Univ.
Toronto Herb., 501 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44853), G. H.
Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 680 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44937).

Maine: Harrison, /. Blake, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Orono,
F. L. Harvey, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Portage, L. W.
Riddle, 2, 17.

Vermont: Middlebury, E. Brainerd, E. A. Burt, nine collections;
Ripton, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: Amherst, P. J. Anderson, 2, 4 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55846, 55845 respectively).

Connecticut: Mansfield, P. W. Graff, SO (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44803); New Haven, W. A. Setchell; Norwich, W.
A. Setchell.

New York: Sartwell, 19 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5076);
Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1327 ; Canandaigua, L. M. Under-
wood, 21, distributed under the name S. versicolor (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5117); East Galway, E. A. Burt; Flood-
wood, E. A. Burt; Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, 2821 ; Glasco,
P. Wilson, 48, 43 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54752, 54754);
Grand View, H. von Schrenk (m Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42811,
43025); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2819, 2820, 8027, Bot.
Dept. Cornell Univ., 133 0. S., 2871, H. S. Jackson, comm.
by Bot. Dept. Cornell Univ., 14397-14399, Van Hook,
comm. by Bot. Dept. Cornell Univ., 8084, W. C. Muenscher,
147, 205, 211 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56602-56604);
Palisades, P. Wilson, 20, 18, 12 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54755, 54756, 54759); Yonkers, P. Wilson, 61 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54753).

New Jersey: Alpine, P. Wilson, 17, 13, 7 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54757, 54758, and 54760 respectively); Belleplain,
C. L. Shear, 1250; Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am.
Fungi, 18, 514c, and Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 306.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 159

Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 88 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5044) ;
Germantown, E. A. Burt; Huntington Co., A. S. Rhoads, 7
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44084); Lancaster City, Mrs.
A. F. Ely (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5083); Kittanning,
D. R. Sumstine, 4, 7, 7 ; Philadelphia, A. S. Rhoads, 19
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44096); in coal mine, Pottsville,
C. J. Humphrey, 310; Spruce Creek, J. H. Fault, Univ.
Toronto Herb., 3^7, 359, 334, 670, 3§5, 667 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44869, 44871, 44888, 44917, 44926, and 44934
respectively); Shingleton Gap, A. S. Rhoads, 15 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44093); State College, C. R. Orton, 1, 18
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44079, 44095), comm. by L. O.
Overholts, 2658, 5003 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5721,
56345), A. S. Rhoads, 16 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44094);
Trexlertown, C. G. Lloyd, 0084; in coal mine, Wadesville
Colliery, C. J. Humphrey, 21583.

Maryland: Glen Sligo, C. L. Shear, 1133.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, P. L. Richer, 820, C. L.
Shear, 956.

Virginia: Great Falls, O. F. Cook, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Mt.
Vernon, P. L. Ricker, 1121 in part; Mountain Lake, W. A.
Murrill, 408 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56618); Norton, A. B. Seymour (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 16405).

North Carolina: Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz and
Curtis Herb.); Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4178, 4180,
4315; Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 938 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56665); Leicester, B. B. Higgins, in Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 2985.

South Carolina: Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1613,1616,1619,
1620, 1624, 1629, 1631, 1635.

Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 220,
721; Dixie, R. M. Harper, 1633b, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by
W. G. Farlow, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55290).

Florida: C. G. Lloyd (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44068); Cocoa-
nut Grove, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43097); Eustis, L. M. Underwood, 1368, 1801 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56616, 56617).

[Vol. 7
160 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Alabama: Adger, C. J. Humphrey; Montgomery Co., R. P.
Burke, 34 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4273); Maplesville,
C. S. Hill, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 251.

Mississippi: Laurel, C. J. Humphrey, 5431, 5435; Ocean Springs,
F. S. Earle (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5118).

Louisiana: Baton Rouge, C. W. Edgerton, 848, comm. by C. J.
Humphrey; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2902, bf.

Ohio: Cincinnati, D. L. James, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 514c,
C. G. Lloyd, 1579, 4499, 4501, 4506; Columbus, W. A.
Kellerman, in Kellerman, Ohio Fungi, 33, under the name
S. versicolor; Granville, H. L. Jones; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd,
2436, 02821, 02830; Penfield, F. D. Kelsey (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5075); Worthington, Dr. Paddock (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5114, 5157).

Kentucky: Bowling Green, Miss S. F. Price (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 5038, 5112, 56604); Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd.

Tennessee: Algood, C. J. Humphrey, 308.

Michigan: Isle Roy ale, Allen & Stuntz, 22, 60; Sailor's Encamp-
ment, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 710; Vermilion, A. H.W.
Povah, 142 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15144).

Wisconsin: Bayfield, V. B. Walker, 6b (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
9733); Blanchardville, Miss A. 0. Stucki, 47; Blue Mounds,
Miss A. 0. Stucki, 49; Ithaca, W. Trelease, 89 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56606); Madison, E. T. Bartholomew, in
Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3985, Miss A. O. Stucki, 31, 35,
36, 50, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56605) ; Syene,
W. Trelease, 90 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5072).

Indiana: Greencastle, L. M. Underwood, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44101); Hibernian Mills, 3 °tzel & Reddick, comm.
by D. Reddick, 6, 8; Ladoga, P. J. Anderson, 1 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55838); Wabash "bottom", W. Trelease
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5073).

Illinois: Brownsville, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 951; Cobden (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44102); Grand Pass Club, W.
Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5053); Jacksonville,
E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2590.

Missouri: Bismarck, L. O. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43702) ; Clayton, A. M. Ferguson (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5131); Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 346a, 562, 580; Creve

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 161

Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8727) ; Lincoln
Co., C. Trenning (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4098); Mera-
mec, P. Spaulding, 1, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5020),
Spaulding cfc Johnson (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5013-5015) ;
Meramec Highlands, N. M. Glatfelter (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 42583); Old Orchard, L. H. Pammel (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5020, 5041); Piedmont (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 4783); Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44057); Valley Park, H. von Schrenk (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 42859); White House, E. A. Burt (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43808), contains mesopod specimen;
Willow Springs, H. von Schrenk, 1, 2 (in Burt Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42886, 42851).

Arkansas: Bertig, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5148);
Big Flat, W. H. Long, 19859 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
8268); Fayetteville, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 2884; Womble, W. H. Long, 19866 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 8889); Wynne, W. Trelease (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5147, 5152).

Oklahoma: Poteau, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5052) ; Spiro, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,
4291.

Texas: L. H. Pammel (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56607) ; Austin,
W. H. Long, Jr., 7 39; Gillespie County, G. Jermy (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 5048-5050) and U3, comm. by U. S.
Dept. Agr. Herb.; Joaquin, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholo-
mew, Fungi Col., 4986; Quitman, W. H. Long, 12099 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55126) ; Waco, W. H. Long, Jr., 508.

South Dakota: Black Hills, J. R. Weir, 10012 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5579C

Nebraska: Memphis, T. A. Williams, comm. by C. L. Shear,
1059; Nebraska City, V. B. Walker, 10 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 12963).

Kansas: Bourbon County, A. G. Barrett, 112, 115, 126, 127;
Topeka, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 753.

Colorado: Golden, Bethel & Overholts, comm. by L. O. Over-
holts, 1758 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54871).

New Mexico: Cloudcroft, F. S. Earle, 495 (inN. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 1546).

[Vol. 7
162 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Montana: Moeville, J. A. Hughes, comm. by J. R. Weir, 9750
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56225).

Idaho: Moscow, J. R. Weir, 7946 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56218); Priest River, J. R. Weir, 6,11, 49.

British Columbia : Secamons, J. Macoun, 166; Sidney, J. Macoun,
57, 70, 71 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5739, 5746, 5747).

Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 694; Friday Harbor,
V. B. Walker, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8359); Lake
Waldemen, C. H. Kaufman (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
20763); Seattle, S. M. Zeller, 63, 118 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44137, 44143) ; Tacoma, E. Bartholomew, 4929 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20810).

Oregon: Corvallis, C. E. Owens, 2082, 2026, 2055, 2140, 2141
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43874-43876, 44700, 44701);
Granite Pass, J. R. Weir, 8675 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
36750); Wallowa, C. J. Humphrey, 265; Siskiyou National
Forest, J. R. Weir, 8678 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 36751).

California: R. A. Harper, 39, 108, 142 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56610-12); C. R. Orcutt,
in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 714; La Honda, Edna Hyatt,
comm. by C. L. Shear, 1088, 1091; Muir Woods, W. A.
Murrill, 1158, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55715); Redding, C. J. Humphrey, 1035;
San Francisco, A. S. Rhoads, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56046); Saratoga, E. B. Copeland, 1806.

Arizona: Crown King, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Hum-
phrey, 2564 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10752).

Mexico: Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 996, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54609) ; Guerna-
vaca, W.A.&E.L. Murrill, 415, 416, 412, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54518, 54519,
54543); Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 75, 148, 193,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
11275, 10360, 54436), C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am.
Fungi, 145; Oaxaca, E. W. D. Holway; Orizaba, W. A. &
E. L. Murrill, 758, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54632); Parral, E. O. Matthews (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5722, 10459).

Guatemala: Mazon & Hay, 3250, comm. by U. S. Bur. PI. Ind.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 163

Honduras: P. Wilson, 138, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Cuba: Ciego de Avila, Earle & Murrill, 568, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.; Fecha, F. S. Earle, 146, Earle & Wilson,

224; Guantanamo, J. R. Weir, 10644 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56237); Oriente, /. A. Shafer, 8392, 8468 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56613, 56614);

San Diego de los Bafios, Earle & Murrill, 331, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Bayamon, J. A. Stevenson, 5427 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 8180); Mayaguez, F. S. Earle, 89, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.; Rio Piedras, Johnston & Stevenson,

comm. by J. A. Stevenson, 1764, 1937, 2005 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 9824, 14220, 14270) ; San Jaun, Mr. & Mrs.

A. S. Heller, 700, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A.& E.L. Murrill, 450, 499, 521, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43630); Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,

282, 316, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Monkey Hill,

W. A. Murrill, 817, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;

Moore Town, W. A. &E.L. Murrill, 160, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
Brazil: Malme (in Romell Herb.).
Formosa: Urai, S. Kusano, 11.16 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56587).
Java: Junghuhn, authentic specimen of Thelephora ostrea, comm.

by G. Bresadola.
Philippine Islands: Luzon, H. M. Curran, Forestry Bureau,

9665 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56583); Mindanao, A. D. E. Elmer, 10556, Philippine Is.

PL (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 705743).

45. S. lobatum (Kunze) Fries, Epicr. 547. 1838; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 568. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 175.
1890. Plate 5, fig. 46.

Thelephora lobata Kunze in Weigelt Exsiccati, 1827; Fries,
Linnaea 5: 527. 1830. — Stereum Sprucei Berk. & Curtis, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 331. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888.
— An S. concolor Junghuhn, Crypt. Java, 38. 1838? See Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 561. 1888; Bresadola, Hedwigia 51 : 321. 1912.

[Vol. 7
164 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Illustrations: Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (i:l**):
124. text f. 69, A-B; Hard, Mushrooms, 455. text f. 382,
as S. versicolor.

Type: type distribution in Weigelt Exs.

Fructifications coriaceous, rigid, thin, wedge-shaped to um-
bonate, sessile, often laterally concrescent, at first tomentose
and drying tawny olive, at length with the tomentum becoming
pale smoke-gray to whitish, disappearing more or less near the
margin and in narrow zones and showing the glabrous, shining,
hazel surface of the bared areas, the margin undulate and
usually more or less lobed; in structure 300 m thick, with the
intermediate layer composed of densely arranged, thick-walled,
hyaline hyphae 4-4 J /* in diameter; hymenium glabrous, even,
usually drying pinkish buff; no setae, gloeocystidia, nor con-
ducting organs; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side,
4-5X1^-2 m, but few seen.

Pileus usually 3-7 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad, sometimes much
larger by lateral confluence.

On dead branches, logs, and stumps of frondose species in
the cases noted. A tropical species ranging northward to New
York and Wisconsin and southward to Brazil. Occurs in the
Philippine Islands and East Indies also, if S. concolor is a synonym.

S. lobatum may be distinguished from the related S. fasciatum,
S. versicolor, and S. radians by having a more or less lobate
pileus which is also very thin, somewhat flexible, zonate on the
upper side, with glabrous, shining hazel zones alternating with
whitish tomentose zones of soft, matted hairs. No specimens
of this species which I have examined have the pileus effuso-
reflexed when young. Specimens of S. fasciatum occasionally
have a somewhat lobate margin but the pileus is thicker, more
heavily clothed with a tomentum which is more persistent than
that of S. lobatum, and in its more northern stations where I
have been able to observe the development, the young fructifica-
tions are often effuso-reflexed at first.

S. lobatum is primarily an American species described from
collections made in Surinam, Dutch Guiana, but it seems prob-
able that this species has a more extended geographical range
through the tropical lands of the Eastern Hemisphere also.
The recent collections in Philippine Islands, determined by

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 165

Bresadola as S. concolor (Jungh.) and distributed in Elmer,
Philippine Islands Plants, show that this species is but slightly,
if at all, different from S. lobatum. The general aspect is the
same but the Philippine specimens are the larger; none of them
have their tomentum as soft and whitish as in S. lobatum.
Some of these specimens have shown in crushed preparations
spore-like bodies 3 m in diameter; spore collections of oriental
specimens should be made.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4586, under the name S.
fasciatum; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 514b, under the name
S. versicolor v.fasciata, 514d, under the name S. versicolor v.
petaliforme; Ravenel, Fungi Car. i: 28, mixed with S.
fasciatum; de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 2011, mixed with S.
fasciatum.
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1019; Ithaca, L. A. Zinn, 82a

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43074).
Pennsylvania: West Chester, /. B. Gray, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

514b.
North Carolina: Black Oak, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi
Car. i: 28; Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4311, 4314;
Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 331 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56663); Transylvania County, W. A. Murrill & H. D.
House, 425 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56602).
Georgia: Flint River, R. M. Harper, 1401a, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (also in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5087); Dixie,
R. M. Harper, 1633 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56603).
Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4833; Crescent City, Dr. G. Martin, in
Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 514d; Eustis, G. V. Nash, 2128 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5118), and L. M. Underwood, 1371
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56601); Lake City, P. L. Ricker, 893; New Smyrna, C. G.
Lloyd, 183; Tallahassee, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 4586.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, from Lloyd Herb., 3459; Che-
haw, E. A. Burt, two collections; Fayette Co., P. V. Sig-
gers, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 14 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 9229). *

[Vol. 7
166 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Louisiana: Natchitoches, G. F. Atkinson, 5118, 5119; St. Mar-

tinville, A. B. Langlois, be.
Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 1677, 4495, 4502.
Wisconsin: Madison, C. J. Humphrey, 2508 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 42927).
Kentucky: Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd.
Missouri: Kennett, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

42996) ; Neeleyville, F. C. Dewart (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5132, 5135).
Mexico: W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5123); Guer-

navaca, E. W. D. Holway.
Honduras: P. Wilson, 180, 671, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.
Cuba: C. Wright, 197, 271 (in Curtis Herb.), and 521, the type

of S. Sprucei (in Kew Herb.) ; Baracoa, L. M. Underwood

& F. S. Earle, 796, 1068, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;

Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2722 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

8638).
Porto Rico: Sauerce, Mr. & Mrs. A. A. Heller, 843, 882, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Luquillo Mts., P. Wilson, 203

(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56600).
Guadeloupe: in de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 2001.
St. Kitts: N. L. Britton & J. F. Cowell, 502, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: A. E. Wight, comm. by W. G. Farlow; Castleton

Gardens, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 113, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.; Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 530, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Moneague, W. A. Murrill,

1140, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Troy and Tyre,

W. A. Murrill & W. Harris, 996, 1037, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
Trinidad: Carengo, M. A. Carriker, comm. by W. G. Farlow, II.
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 3.
Venezuela: Margarita, A. F. Blakeslee, comm. by W. G.

Farlow.

46. S. versicolor (Swartz) Fries, Epicr. 547. 1838; Berkeley,
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. I. 10: 382. pi. 11. f. 13. 1842; Sacc.

1920]

BUKT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 167

Syll. Fung. 6:561. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
172. 1890; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter 46:3. 1913.

Plate 5, fig. 47.

Helvetia versicolor Swartz, Prodr. 149. 1788. — Thelephora
versicolor Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oc. 3: 1934. 1806; Fries, Syst.
Myc. 1: 438. 1821. — Stereum radians Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Up-
sal. Actis III. 1: 110. 1851; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 573. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 188. pl.7.f.5. 1900.

Illustrations: Berkeley, loc. cit.; Massee, loc. cit.

Type: authentic specimen in Herb, of Brit. Mus. according
to Berkeley.

Fructification coriaceous-rigid, very thin, sometimes buff-
yellow, clothed with silky, villous fascicles all lying in a radiat-
ing direction, becoming glabrous and shining and minutely
radially ridged or lineate, wood-brown to cinnamon-brown, the
margin entire, not complicate; in structure 300-400 m thick,
composed of densely, longitudinally arranged hyphae 3-3J m in
diameter; hymenium even, glabrous, cream-color to avellaneous;
no colored conducting organs, gloeocystidia, nor cystidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4-5 X 2-2 J m.

Fructifications 1-2| cm. broad, 1J-4 cm. long, often laterally
confluent.

On dead wood. Florida, West Indies, Mexico, Dutch Guiana.
September to February. Probably common in Jamaica.

S. versicolor is a species intermediate between S. lobatum and
S. rameale; its fructifications are smaller than those of S. lobatum,
thinner, more completely glabrous at length, with margin not
normally lobed, and usually retaining attachment by a narrow,
resupinate side of the pileus as well as by the umbo, in which
respect there is resemblance to the middle stage of development
of S.fasciatum; the radial arrangement of the hairs and villous
fascicles on the upper surface of the pileus is a highly distinctive
character, as first pointed out by Berkeley. The coloration and
hairy covering of fructifications of S. versicolor are somewhat
similar to these characters in S. rameale, but the fructifications
of the former are not lobed and folded together laterally and
crisped nor as slender as those of S. rameale, as pointed out by
Fries in his description of his S. radians. S. versicolor was
formerly confused with S. fasciatum, especially in American

{Vol. 7
168 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

literature; it is doubtful whether S. versicolor occurs in the

United States except very rarely in Florida.
Specimens examined:

Florida: Dade County, /. K. Small, 7089, 7122 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56650, 56651);
Eustis, Lake County, L. M. Underwood, 1377 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
42764).

Cuba: C. Wright, 291 (in Curtis Herb.); Ceballos, C. J. Humph-
rey, 2740 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15720) ; San Diego de los
Banos, Bro. Leon, 4861 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56647).

Porto Rico: Maricao, N. L. Britton, J. F. Cowell & S. Brown,
4420 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56574); Rio Piedras, J. R. Johnston, 129, 282
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56648, 56641); Sierra de Naguabo, J. A. Shafer, 3211, 3692,
3693 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56653-56655).

Jamaica: Farr (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56640); Cinchona, L. M. Underwood, 3239 (in N.
Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56595),
N. L. Britton, 295, 296 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56642, 56643), F. S. Earle, 409, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 526, 539,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and 473 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56644) ; John Crow Peak, L. M. Underwood, 2433, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Monkey Hill, W. A. Murrill,
814, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Rose Hill, F. S.
Earle, 50, 282, 305, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;
Sir John Peak, E. G. Britton, 1212 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56641); Troy and Tyre,
W. A. Murrill & W. Harris, 853, 856, 1036, 10 48, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Montserrat: Soufriere, J. A. Shafer, 919 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56645).

Grenada: Annandale, W. E. Broadway (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56656); Grand Etang,
R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 10.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 169

Mexico: Trap, de la Conception, Liebman, type of Stereum
radians (in Herb. Fries); Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,
343, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55477).

47. S. rameale Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift.
1 : 106. 1822 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora). Plate 5, fig. 48.

Thelephora hirsuta Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 178. 1828,
but not of Syst. Myc. 1 : 439. 1821. — T. hirsuta 0 ramealis
Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167. 1832 —
Stereum complicatum Fries, Epicr. 548. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6:579. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:178. 1890.
— S. radians of Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10:
194. 1888, but not S. radians Fries. — Telephora lobata Bertolo-
nii, Accad. Sci. Bologna Mem. I. 7: 360. pi 19. f. e-g. 1856;
Underwood & Earle, Ala. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 80: 232. 1897 —
Stereum Bertolonii Saccardo, Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 120. 1895.

Illustrations: Berkeley & Broome, Linn. Soc. Bot. Trans.
2: pi. 14. f. 12-14. 1883; Bertolonii, loc. cit.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz and in Herb. Fries.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, rigid, efTuso-reflexed, rarely
resupinate, with the reflexed portion consisting of small, umbo-
nate pilei, which are sometimes subdivided into
lobes, the pilei or lobes drying folded together or
crisped, fibrose-strigose, becoming glabrous on the ^

marginal portion, shining, with innate fibers "^

radiating from the base, cinnamon-buff to hazel,
more or less zoned; hymenium even, glabrous, „ lg' '
light buff to cream-buff; in structure 300-450 n Spores x 650.
thick, composed of densely, longitudinally ar-
ranged, hyaline hyphae 3-3 f fi in diameter, colored conducting
organs 3-3 § n in diameter occasionally present; no cystidia
nor gloeocystidia; spores white in spore collection, even,
slightly curved, 6X2-2J /*.

Fructifications sometimes covering areas only 5-10 mm. in
diameter, and gregarious, at other times irregularly confluent
over areas up to 3 cm. broad and 10 cm. and more long; indi-
vidual pilei 2-10 mm. broad, 3-10 mm. long.

On dead twigs and stumps of oak and other frondose species.

[Vol. 7
170 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Canada, throughout the United States, except in the Rocky-
Mountain region, in Mexico and the West Indies. July to
January. Common in the United States.

S. rameale varies somewhat under the different conditions as
to climate and substratum in the great extent of North America
where it is our commonest species of Stereum. In the United
States and Canada one will hardly go amiss in referring to S.
rameale any Stereum with numerous small pilei densely crowded
together imbricately or laterally, strigose hairy near the region
of attachment, and with marginal side shining, somewhat zonate,
and pinkish buff to hazel in color, and with these pilei drying
folded together along the sides, or radially plicate in a laterally
confluent form. The pileus of S. rameale is thinner than that
of S. hirsutum, only partially covered with hairs, which do not
form as heavy a covering where present, and the pilei are folded
together laterally and are smaller than those of S. hirsutum. S.
sericeum has small, shining, very thin pilei between whitish and
pale drab-gray on both surfaces — wholly lacking ruddy ochra-
ceous coloration — and almost always growing on Carpinus
caroliniana.

Schweinitz communicated to Fries specimens of S. rameale
which are still preserved in the herbarium at Upsala; Fries
published the species as a synonym of S. hirsutum in Elenchus
Fung.; Schweinitz yielded to the authority of Fries but pro-
tested that S. rameale was a distinct variety, at least. Other
American specimens of this species were received by Fries, who
described and published them in 1838 as S. complicatum, over-
looking the earlier and nearly identical specimens from Schwei-
nitz and the earlier, appropriate name for the species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2881, 4289, 4689, 4985;

Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 324; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 307;

Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2:30; Fungi Am., 117; Smith, Cent.

Am. Fungi, 96, 97 — the latter under the name S. sericeum;

de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1404.
Canada, Ontario: Belleville, J. Macoun, 21+0; Port Credit, J. H.

Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 317 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44878); Toronto, R. P. Wodehouse, Univ. Toronto Herb.,

316 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44879).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 171

Maine: Oldtown, P. L. Richer.

Vermont: Brattleboro, Grand View Mt., Lake Dunmore, Mid-
dlebury, and Ripton, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: Arlington, E. A. Burt; Amherst, P. J. Ander-
son, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55850); Cambridge, W.
Trelease, 81 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5062); Stony Brook,
E. A. Burt; Waltham, A. B. Seymour, 12 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 22096); Wellesley, L. W. Riddle, 12; Wor-
cester, G. E. Francis.

Connecticut: C. C. Hanmer, 2075 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43849); Mansfield, P. W. Graff, 12 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 9854); New Canaan, P. Wilson, 63 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54739); South Windsor, C. C. Hanmer.

New York: Sartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5062, 44235);
Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 15954); Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1137, 1320,
1323, 1331; Catskill Mts., C. H. Peck, in Ellis, N. Am.
Fungi, 324; East Galway, E. A. Burt, three collections;
Glasco, P. Wilson, 34, 37, 41, 57 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54728, 54741, 54742, 54727); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 190
0. S., 2121, 7989, 22969, 22973-22975, C. J. Humphrey, 227,
H. S. Jackson, Cornell Univ. Herb., 14375, 14376, W. A.
Murrill, Cornell Univ. Herb., 3058, Van Hook, Cornell
Univ. Herb., 7991, K. M. Wiegand, Cornell Univ. Herb.,
3258, L. A. Zimm, 83 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9064);
Palisades, P. Wilson, 16, 21 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54732, 54731); Scarsdale, Livingston & Crane, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., P. Wilson, 1, 25 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54737, 54730); West Fort Ann, S. H. Burnham, 15
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44011); Williams Bridge, P.
Wilson, 3, 31 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54740, 54729);
Yonkers, P. Wilson, 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54727).

New Jersey: Laning (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5051, 44236,
44238); Alpine, P. Wilson, 15, 9, 14, 5, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54733-54736, 54738) ; Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ellis,
Fungi Col., 307, and in de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1404;
New Brunswick, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54353).

Pennsylvania: Bear Meadow, C. R. Orton & A. S. Rhoads, 13 ',

[Vol. 7
172 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

U (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44090, 44091); Bellefonte,
L. 0. Overholts, 3715 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54996);
Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine, 3, 9, 12; North Garden, E.
Michener, 437 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44237) ; Shingleton
Gap, A. S. Rhoads, 11 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44089);
Spruce Creek, J. H. Faull, Univ. Toronto Herb., 313 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44885).

Delaware: Newark, H. S. Jackson, B9.

Maryland: Cabin John Bridge, C. L. Shear, 1045; Cabin John
Creek, A. S. Rhoads, comm. by L. O. Overholts (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55069); Chevy Chase, comm. by Mrs.
F. W. Patterson (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43730) ; Takoma
Park, A. S. Rhoads, comm. by L. O. Overholts (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55049), C. L. Shear, 1160.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, P. L. Richer, 818.

Virginia: Mt. Vernon, P. L. Richer, 1121 in part.

North Carolina: Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz and
Herb. Fries); Chapel Hill, W. C. Coher, 3802, 2026, 1047,
362, 333 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56657-56661); Salem,
Schweinitz, the Thelephora ochroleuca of Schweinitz, Syn.
N. Am. Fungi, 644 (in Herb. Schweinitz).

South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2:30;
Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1614, 1628; Davidson River,
H. von Schrenh (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42964); Society
Hill, H. W. Ravenel (in Curtis Herb., 1439, under the name
Stereum plicatum).

Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5674 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44217); Glenbrook Ravine, A. B. Seymour, from
Farlow Herb., J (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44649); Thom-
son, H. H. Bartlett, comm. by W. G. Farlow.

Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4851, 4852; Camp Pinchot, W. H. Long,
12212 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55143); Daytona, D. L.
James, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.; Gainesville,
H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 117; New Smyrna,
C. G. Lloyd, 2112.

Alabama: Dr. Gates, probably from the type collection of
Telephora lobata Bertolonii, from Torrey Herb, (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56295);
Auburn, F. S. Earle, four specimens in Burt Herb., and two

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 173

others (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5107, 56619— the last in
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, also); Montgomery Co., R. P.
Burke, 28 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17856).

Mississippi: Biloxi, F. S. Earle, 29; Hattiesburg, C. J. Humph-
rey, 5451; Jackson, E. Bartholomew, 5779, 5797, 5784 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44223-44225) and Bartholomew,
Fungi Col., 4689; Laurel, C. J. Humphrey, 5430; Ocean
Springs, F. S. Earle, 177 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5065).

Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, 2906; Alden Bridge, W. Trelease
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5047); Baton Rouge, C. J.
Humphrey, 5699 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14102); New
Orleans, E. Bartholomew, 5764 (m Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5440, 44222), E. A. Burt; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois,
be (in Burt Herb.), 1101 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5063);
Shreveport, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,
4689.

Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2633;
College Hill, C. G. Lloyd, 1457; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd, 02833.

Indiana: Avilla, W. H. Rankin (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9183);
Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 12; Greencastle, L. M. Under-
wood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56277).

Illinois: Bowmansville, comm. by Univ. Wis. Herb., 4, and
E. T. & S. A. Harper, 436; River Forest, E. T. & S. A.
Harper, 709.

Kentucky: Bowling Green, S. F. Price (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5036).

Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 58, 61, 63 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 16384, 3993, 1678) ; Nashville, E. Bartholomew,
5634 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44214).

Michigan: Chelsea, C. H. Kaufman, 23; New Richmond, C. H.
Kaufman, 44, 43 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22507, 22856).

Minnesota: E. L. Jensen, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 3939).

Wisconsin : Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 7; Blue Mounds,
Miss A. D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 6; Madison, Miss A.
D. Stucki, Univ. Wis. Herb., 10.

Iowa: E. W. D. Holway.

Missouri: B. M. Duggar, 568; Bismarck, L. O. Overholts (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43701); Cox's Switch, H. von

[Vol. 7
174 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42892); Creve Coeur,
E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44757); Columbia,
L. E. Cline, comm. by B. M. Duggar, A555; Gasconade Co.,
W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5128); Meramec,
P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5019); Neeleyville,
Dewart (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5127, 5130); St. Francis
River, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5129); St.
Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8724, 44757),
and H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42873);
Williamsville, B. M. Duggar & H. S. Reed, 47.

Arkansas: Arkadelphia, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56620); Batesville, E.
Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2881; Cass,
W. H. Long, 19885 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6384);
Womble, W. H. Long, 19671, 19649, 19865 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 6386, 6385, 8887); Wynne, W. Trelease (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5039).

Texas: H. W. Ravenel, 40 (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.); Joaquin,
E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4985; Somer-
ville, H. von Schrenk, 1.

Colorado: Tolland, L. 0. Overholts, 2000 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54872).

British Columbia: Hastings, J. Macoun; Sidney, J. Macoun, 14,
382 (in Macoun Herb.) and 56, 72 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5738, 5748).

Washington: Bellingham, J. R. Weir, 548, 547, 598 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 18629, 18712, 36745); Metaline Falls,
J. R. Weir, 5245, 590 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55650,
36744); Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 187, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55736).

Oregon: Corvallis, W. A. Murrill, 892b, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55719), and C. E.
Owens, 2088, 2184, 2147 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43873,
44697, 9186).

California: R. A. Harper, 121,128 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56621, 56622); Palo Alto,
W. A. Murrill & L. S. Abrams, 1170, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55710).

Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 57, 70, 348, comm. by

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 175

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 23108,
3732, 54475), and C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am. Fungi,
96, 97; Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 799, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54624) ;
Trap, de la Conception, Liebman, authentic specimen of
Stereum complicatum (in Herb. Fries).

Porto Rico: Indiera Fria, N. L. Britton, J. F. Cowell & S.
Brown, U83 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56623).

Jamaica: Abbey Green, W. Harris, 1022; Cinchona, F. S.
Earle, 360, and W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 600, both numbers
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Hope, F. S. Earle, 119,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; New Haven Gap, W. A.
& E. L. Murrill, 770, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;
Monkey Hill, W. A. Murrill, 790, 802, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; Rose Hill, F. S. Earle, 309, 312, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

48. S. sericeum Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift.
1: 106. 1822 (in B. Sterea of Thelephora); Morgan, Cincinnati
Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 195. 1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:579.
1888. Plate 5, fig. 49.

Thelephora striata Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 178. 1828;
Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 167. 1832.— Ster-
eum striatum Fries, Epicr. 548. 1838, but not of p. 551 nor of
Hym. Eur. 641. 1874.

Illustrations: Hard, Mushrooms, 456. text f. 383.

Type: not found by me in Herb. Schweinitz although studied
by Berkeley & Curtis, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour. 3 : 220. 1856.

Fructifications coriaceous, small, very thin and papery, ef-
fuso-reflexed, laterally confluent, with reflexed portion divided
into small pilei, sometimes orbicular and attached by a central
point with margin free all around, the upper side
whitish to cartridge-buff, shining, silky, with ^y

minute radiate fibrils, the margin entire, thinning C\ C^
to subfimbriate, not complicate; hymenium even, ^>

wood-brown when most deeply colored, becoming
bleached ; in structure 250-300 ju thick, composed s s^um>
of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline Spores x 665.

[Vol. 7
176 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

hyphae 3-3£ /x in diameter; no colored conducting organs,
gloeocystidia, nor cystidia present; spores hyaline, even, flat-
tened on one side, 6-7 J X 3-3 J m-

Fructifications 1-1 \ cm. in diameter, confluent along limbs
10 cm. and more, the reflexed portion 5-10 mm. broad, 3-10 mm.
long.

In swampy woods on under side of dead twigs of Carpinus
caroliniana, recorded rarely on Liquidambar and Nyssa. Can-
ada to Louisiana and westward to Missouri and in Mexico.
Throughout the year. Infrequent.

Stereum sericeum is very appropriately named, for its silvery
to pale gray pilei are noteworthy by their silky or satiny luster;
they are smaller, thinner, and more flexible than those of S.
rameale and with innate rather than fibrose-strigose fibrils;
these pilei lack the ruddy and ochraceous hues characteristic
of S. rameale; furthermore the pilei of S. sericeum are plane,
while those of S. rameale are folded laterally or crisped. Never-
theless I have received some scanty specimens of S. rameale
from the West and South which were sparsely developed and
bleached out so as to simulate S. sericeum. In New England
and New York, S. sericeum has been invariably on Carpinus
caroliniana when the substratum has been recorded, but else-
where S. rameale has sometimes been recorded on other substrata.
The concept of S. sericeum is that held by all American my-
cologists and is in conformity with the specimens in Curtis
Herbarium determined by Berkeley and Curtis who studied the
authentic specimen.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fung., 19; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 705;

Ravenel, Fungi Car. i:21; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 312.
Ontario: London, J. Dearness; Ottawa, J. Macoun, 20, SO, 277;

Toronto, G. H. Graham, Univ. Toronto Herb., 675 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 44918), and T. Langton, Univ. Toronto

Herb., 518, 594 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44842, 44848).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, five collections.
Massachusetts: Wayland, A. B. Seymour, T2S (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 22097).
Connecticut: Goshen, L. M. Underwood, 224 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56658).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 177

New York: Sartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5045); Alcove,

C. L. Shear, 1047, 1124, 1^11, 1314, 1325, 1332, and in

Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 312; Glasco, P. Wilson, 36 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54744); Grand View, H. von Schrenk

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42795); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

178 0. S., 2827, 22968, and W. C. Muenscher, 4 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56594); McLean, W. C. Muenscher, 98 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56596); Taughannock Gorge, W. C.

Muenscher, 199 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56595).
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 19, Ell.

& Ev., Fungi Col., 705, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5103).
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 399 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5104); State College, L. 0. Overholts, 3054 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5688).
District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 957.
North Carolina: Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 1043 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56668).
South Carolina: Black Oak, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi

Car. i:31.
Florida: Tallahassee, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56661-56663); Fayette Co., P. V.

Diggers, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 17 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 20803); Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke, 32, 137 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15929, 10934); Tuskegee, C. W.

Carver, 369 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56664).
Mississippi: Biloxi, F. S. Earle, 27.
Louisiana: New Orleans, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56660).
Ohio: Cleveland, H. C. Beardslee; Columbus, W. A. Kellerman,

in Kellerman, Ohio Fungi, 139 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5042); Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, 2270; Oberlin, and also

Penfield, F. D. Kelsey (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56665 and

56666 respectively).
Indiana: Scottsburg, J. R. Weir, 5803 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55643).
Michigan : Agricultural College, Hicks, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Dug gar, 553.

[Vol. 7
178 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 343 in part, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56672).

49. S. pubescens Burt, n. sp. Plate 5, fig. 50.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Burt. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, thin, orbicular, conchate-reflexed,
attached by one side and the center, reflexed all around but more
broadly on the upper side, white, pubescent with soft matted
hairs, not zonate nor sulcate; hymenium drying even or some-
what radiately rugose, sorghum-brown to dusky drab, shining;
in structure 600 /x thick exclusive of the tomentum, with the
occasional hymenial wrinkles standing out up to 120 n further;
intermediate layer bordered next to the tomentum by a narrow,
dense, colored zone and composed of longitudinally arranged
and somewhat loosely interwoven hyaline, thick-walled hyphae
3 J fx in diameter; no vesicular organs, conducting organs,
gloeocystidia, nor cystidia present; hymenium composed of a
single layer of simple basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline,
even, oval, 6X4 ju.

Fructifications 3-10 mm. in diameter, reflexed 1-3 mm.

On dead limbs of a frondose species. Montana. April.
Probably rare.

S. pubescens has small fructifications with some resemblance
in aspect to those of Cenangium furfuraceum but white and
pubescent with soft matted hairs. Specimens from this gather-
ing were communicated by Ellis, No. 7014, to Cooke and were
regarded by Cooke as a young Stereum, related to Stereum
purpureum and, perhaps, young specimens of this species. S.
pubescens differs sharply from S. purpureum in having no pyri-
form, vesicular organs. The specimens are so mature that
many basidia bearing sterigmata are present and occasionally
spores. In the smaller specimens the hymenium is even but
in those 1 cm. in diameter some broad, obtuse, radiating wrinkles
are present, which may necessitate the transfer of this species
from Stereum when better known from future collections.

Specimens examined:
Montana: Sheridan, Mrs. L. A. Fitch, in Ellis Collection, 7014,
type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56784).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF. NORTH AMERICA. XII 179

50. S. conicum Burt, n. sp. Plate 5, fig. 51.
Type: in Farlow Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Pileus coriaceous, small, rather thick, conical, sessile, attached
by the vertex, villose, with some specimens whitish to pale
olive-buff and others between wood-brown and Sayal-brown;
intermediate layer not bordered by a dark zone, nearly colorless,
containing many thick-walled and somewhat incrusted hyphal
ends 15-25X6 n but no colored conducting organs; hymenium
even, drab, without cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-4|X2| m.

Pileus 2-4 mm. in diameter, 2-4 mm. high, about §-§mm.
thick.

Singly on small, dead, frondose twigs. Cuba.

If carelessly glanced at, specimens of this species might be
referred to S. ochraceo-flavum, but in S. conicum each of the eight
fructifications which I have seen is truly conical, pendant, and
attached by its vertex, while the pilei of S. ochraceo-flavum, S.
ochroleucum, etc., are reflexed; the hymenium of S. conicum is
glabrous, while that of S. ochraceo-flavum contains even-walled,
non-incrusted cystidia 20-25X4-6 m, protruding 15 /*. S. coni-
cum is noteworthy by the very numerous thick-walled and some-
what incrusted hyphal ends which are present in its intermediate
layer. On the hymenial side these bodies curve towards the
hymenium but do not reach its surface; on the opposite side
they curve to the upper surface of the pileus and protrude as
incrusted hairs forming a part of the villose covering of the
pileus, a structural feature suggestive of Cyphella. The speci-
mens of S. conicum were collected by Charles Wright during
his last trip to Cuba in about 1860 but were not sent to Berkeley
and Curtis for study.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: Fungi Cubensis Wrightiani, 842, C. Wright, type, comm.
by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43906 and in
Farlow Herb.).

51. S. vibrans Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 332.
1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:577. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 52.

An Stereum cupulatum Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 233. 1904?

Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb.

[Vol. 7
180 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications coriaceous, orbicular, and attached by the
center, or fan-shaped and laterally confluent, lobed, the upper
surface velvety hirsute on the region of recent growth, becoming
somewhat glabrous in the older region near place of attachment,
narrowly concentrically sulcate, somewhat zonate, snuff-brown,
becoming Saccardo's umber; hymenium even, Saccardo's umber
to drab, somewhat pruinose; in structure 600-800 n thick, with
the intermediate layer connected with the hairy covering by a
blackish dense crust ; hyphae of intermediate layer snuff-brown,
blackening by action of dilute potassium hydrate, longitudinally
arranged, thick-walled, 3J-4 ^ in diameter; hymenial layer
simple; no colored conducting organs, cystidia, nor aculeate
paraphyses; spores hyaline, even, 4-5X2J-3 /i.

Pileus 2-5 cm. in diameter.

On logs. Cuba and Jamaica. October and November.
Rare.

S. vibrans is related to S. crassum but seems distinct by having
smaller spores and a thin, blackish, horn-like crust under the
hairy covering; the other histological details are very similar
however. S. vibrans may be distinguished from the other
species of the West Indies by its tobacco color, pruinose hymen-
ium, and lack of cystidia, gloeocystidia, conducting organs,
and bottle-brush paraphyses. S. papyrinum is of similar colora-
tion, but is more spongy, has incrusted cystidia, and does not
have its intermediate layer bordered above by a crust.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 530, type (in Curtis Herb.).
Jamaica: Rose Hill, F. S. Earle, 299, SOS, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.

52. S. crassum Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal. Actis III. 1: 111.
1851 (not Thelephora crassa Leveille); Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 582.
1888.

Type: in Herb. Fries.

Fructification coriaceous, resupinate, effused, sometimes re-
flexed, villose, blackening, the margin obtuse, determinate,
paler; hymenium even, dark chestnut-brown; in structure 1000
fi thick, with intermediate layer not bordered by a darker denser
zone or crust, composed of longitudinally and rather loosely

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 181

arranged, dark-colored, thick- walled, stiff hyphae 3J-4§ /x in
diameter, not incrusted, which give their color to the fructifica-
tion; no colored conducting organs, gloeocystidia, nor cystidia;
spores hyaline, 9X4 ju.

According to the original collection of S. crassum in Herb.
Fries, this is a very distinct species, characterized by very dark
color throughout and by absence of colored conducting organs,
cystidia, and gloeocystidia. It is probably of local distribution,
for I have seen but one collection which is even doubtfully
referable to S. crassum. This specimen, collected at Motzo-
rongo, is wholly resupinate, with hyphae dark-colored and
ascending obliquely from the substratum instead of running
longitudinally, and the hymenium has dried pinkish buff.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Mirador, Liebman, type (in Herb. Fries); Motzorongo,

near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. MurriU, 985 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54648).

53. S. radiatum Peck, Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. Bui. i:62.
1873; N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 26:72. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 571. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 195.
1890. Plate 5, fig. 53.

S. radiatum var. reflexum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept.
49:45. 1896; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14:217. 1900.— An Thele-
phora (Stereum) corrugata Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III.
5:150. 1846?

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, resupinate, with the margin free all
around, sometimes reflexed on the upper side, the reflexed por-
tion becoming black above, velutinous,
crisped, and somewhat lobed; hymenium ^

uneven, not polished, marked with thick ^->^l </fV
ridges radiating from the center, Sudan- ^

brown, rarely black when turned upward Fig 26. S. radiatum.
and exposed to direct sunlight and weather; Spores x 665.

in structure 1000 11 thick, composed of
densely and longitudinally arranged, colored hyphae 3 §-4 ^ in
diameter, whose color is dissolved by dilute potassium hydrate
solution; no cystidia; spores from spore collections white,
even, slightly curved, 9-10X3|-4 /x.

[Vol. 7
182 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 2 cm. in diameter up to 10X3 cm.; reflexed
portion 2-8 mm. broad.

Under side of hemlock, spruce, and pine boards and logs and
charred wood. Canada to Pennsylvania and westward to
Montana; received also from Russia where growing on rotten
wood in greenhouse.

S. radiatum is readily recognized by its bright, ferruginous
hymenium with shallow broad ridges radiating from the center
to the margin, and by the black upper side of the pileus when
reflexed. The general aspect, coloration, and color changes
with KHO solution are suggestive of some species of Hymen-
ochaete but no setae are present. I endeavored to have com-
parison made with the type of Thelephora corrugata in Museum
of Paris Herbarium but. Patouillard could not find the specimen
there.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 407.
Russia: on rotting wood in a greenhouse, Janczewsky (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6173).
Ontario: Harraby, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 636.
Vermont: Howe (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5962); Lake Willoughby, W. G. Farlow; Mid-

dlebury, E. A. Burt, four collections.
Massachusetts: Cambridge, W. G. Farlow; Sharon, A. P. D.

Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 0 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55002).
New York: Albany, C. H. Peck, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 407;

Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1301; Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, Cornell

Univ. Herb., 18185; Ithaca, C. O. Smith, H. H. Whetzel,

L. M. Wiegand, Cornell Univ. Herb., 8029, 13809, and 3254

respectively.
Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts, 2653 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5917); Trexlertown, W. Herbst.
Michigan: Seney, C. J. Humphrey, 1843 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 17766).
Montana: Darby, J. R. Weir, 363 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

16472).

54. S. patelliforme Burt, n. sp. Plate 5, fig. 54.

Type: In Burt Herb.

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 183

Fructification coriaceous-fleshy, resupinate, the margin be-
coming free or narrowly reflexed, hoary with a few short hairs,
drying cinnamon to bone-brown, the margin entire; hymenium
even, waxy, cracking in drying, drying cinnamon to bone-
brown ; in structure 500-800 m thick, composed of longitudinally
and densely arranged, hyaline hyphae 3-3| m in diameter, with
the intermediate layer not bordered on the upper side by a
denser, darker zone; hair-like cystidia hyaline, cylindric, flex-
uous, 50-60X5-6 m, emerging up to 40 m, but rarely present;
basidia simple, with 4 sterigmata, often protruded; spores
hyaline, even, 9-10x3-4 m, somewhat curved.

Fructifications 3X2 mm., up to 25X3 mm., the margin free
all around and rolled up 1-2 mm.

On fallen branches of Acer, Quercus, and other frondose species.
Washington, California, and New Mexico. August to April.
Rare.

S. patelliforme differs from our other Stereums by being of
more fleshy consistency and with a waxy hymenium. In these
characters it approaches Corticium, but it has the longitudinal
arrangement of hyphae characteristic of Stereum and the margin
becomes narrowly reflexed. These characters separate S. patelli-
forme from our other Stereums with the exception of S. pubescens,
which is snow-white on the upper side with a thick covering
of fine soft hairs, is more broadly reflexed, and has a somewhat
radiately rugose hymenium.

Specimens examined:
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 713, type, 752, 753, 884,

917.
California: Campo Mts., C. D. Orcutt, 2005, comm. by U. S.

Dept. Agr. Herb.
New Mexico: Ute Park, Colfax Co., P. C. Standley, 14735,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44951).

55. S. ochraceo-flavum Schweinitz in Peck, N. Y. State Mus.
Rept. 22: 86. 1869; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour.
10: 195. 1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 576. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 184. 1890. Plate 5, fig. 55.

Thelephora ochraceo-flava Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans.
N. S. 4:167. 1832.

[Vol. 7

184 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz and Curtis Herb.

Fructification coriaceous, thin, small, effuso-reflexed, some-
times confluent along branches, often conical and attached by-
one side and the umbo and some-
times only by the umbo, the upper
side villose-tomentose, somewhat fur-
rowed, white, weathering gray; in
structure 200-300 \i thick below the
hairy covering, with intermediate
layer becoming bordered on the
upper side by a denser or colored

Fig. 27. S. ochraceo-flavum. , , , , , T j

Hymenium showing three cys- zone when old and Weathered, COm-

tidia, x 488. posed of densely and longitudinally

arranged, hyaline hyphae 3-4 m in
diameter; no colored conducting organs; hymenium even,
"yellow," becoming cream-bufT in the herbarium; cystidia not
incrusted, obtuse, 20-25X4-6 /*, protruding up to 15 m; spores
not found.

Reflexed portion 3-5 mm. broad, and about as long; scattered
conical pilei 3-5 mm. in diameter.

On dead branches of frondose species. Canada to Mississippi
and westward to Missouri, and in California and Mexico.
July to May.

S. ochraceo-flavum may be recognized at sight by its small,
white, conical fructifications heavily clothed with long, soft
hairs and by its bright yellow hymenium. The non-incrusted
cystidia afford a good distinctive microscopical character for
separation of this species from very small specimens of S. sul-
phuratum. In specimens which have persisted beyond their
normal season of active growth, the upper side of the interme-
diate layer becomes hardened and pale golden.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 17; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 6;

Ravenel, Fungi Am., 787; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 31;

de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 10.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 2^2.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: D. W. Weis, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 145 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56687); Cambridge, E. A. Burt;

Magnolia, W. G. Farlow.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 185

Connecticut: Storrs, A. E. Moss, comm. by P. W. Graff, 38

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44792).
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55209); East Galway, E. A.

Burt; Ithaca, Cornell Univ. Herb., 219; Poughkeepsie,

W. R. Gerard, 228, 261 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; Staten

Island, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56701).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 17,

Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 6, and de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 10.
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz

and in Curtis Herb.); State College, J. F. Adams, 8 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44085).
Maryland: Seven Locks, P. L. Richer, 1005; Takoma Park,

C. L. Shear, 1119, 1240.
Virginia: Park Lane, W. H. Long, 18463 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55101).
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4316.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 31;

Summerville, C. L. Shear, 1228.
Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 787;

Fullerton, P. L. Richer, 918.
Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4859; Hanosassa (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56688); New Smyrna,

C. G. Lloyd, 2089; Tampa, N. L. & E. G. Britton & J. A.

Shafer, 46 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56689).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F . Baker (in Burt Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5089) ; Montgomery Co., R. P.

Burhe, 22 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 12291).
Mississippi: Ocean Springs, F. S. Earle, 180 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5090).
Michigan: New Richmond, C. H. Kaufman, 87 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44995).
Wisconsin: Palmyra, Miss A. O. Stuchi, Univ. Wis. Herb., 40.
Indiana: Millers, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 938.
Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kauffman, 59 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44971).
Iowa: Decorah, E. W. D. Holway.

[Vol. 7
186 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Missouri: Allenton, Letterman, 48 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5041).

Arkansas: Cass, W. H. Long, 19838 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
17807).

California: Campo Seco, W. H. Thomas, 3 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 86690).

Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 347, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54468); Ori-
zaba, /. G. Smith, 511 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 437).

56. S. abietinum Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1 : 122. 1822 (under ****
Stereum of Thelephora); Fries, Obs. Myc. 1: 274. 1815, and
ed. 2, 1824; Epicr. 552. 1838; Hym. Eur. 643. 1874; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 574. 1888. Plate 5, fig. 56.

Thelephora abietina Persoon, Syn. Fung. 573. 1801; Fries,
Syst. Myc. 1 : 442. 1821. — Hymenochaete abietina (Pers.) Mas-
see, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 115. 1890. — Thelephora stri-
ata Schrader, Spic. Fl. Germ. 186. 1794. — Stereum striatum
Schrader ex Fries, Epicr. 551. 1838; Hym. Eur. 641. 1874;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:565. 1888. — Lloydella striata (Schrad.)
Bresadola in Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 1. Myc. Notes 6:51. 1901.
— Stereum glaucescens Fries, Hym. Eur. 644. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 575. 1888. — Hymenochaete fimbriata Ellis & Ever-
hart, Jour. Myc. 1 : 149. 1885; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 599. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 113. 1890. — Hymenochaete
abnormis Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 42 : 126. pi. l.f. 13-16.
1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 227. 1891.

Illustrations: Istvanffi, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 29: pi. 5. f. 16, 17;
Patouillard, Essai Tax. Hym. 72; Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept.
42: pi. l.f. 13-16.

Fructification coriaceous-spongy, dry, thick, resupinate,
effused, rarely reflexed, with upper side tomentose, obscurely
zonate, burnt umber, tuberculate or uneven; hymenium varying
from light drab to cinereous or glaucous ; in structure 400-900 m
thick, of which the intermediate layer and the hymenium
together constitute 300-600 m; intermediate layer composed of
longitudinally arranged and interwoven colored hyphae 3-3|
m in diameter and bordered on its outer side by a darker, denser
zone which connects it with the tomentose covering; hymenial

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

187

Fig. 28. S. abietinum. Section X
68; crust-like zone, z; hymenium con-
taining colored cystidia, h; cystidium, c,
and spores, s, X 488.

layer becoming z on a teand con-
taining numerous colored cys-
tidia having more or less the
appearance of colored conduct-
ing organs; cystidia colored,
cylindric, obtuse, even, rough-
walled or more or less incrusted,
90-1 50 X 6-8 fx, protruding up to
60 fj.; spores hyaline, even, flat-
tened on one side, 9-13X4-5 n.

Resupinate specimens 2-8 X
2-5 cm., reflexed margin 3-8
mm. broad.

On wood and logs of Abies
and Pinus. New Hampshire
to Washington and in Europe.
June to October. Rare.

S. abietinum usually occurs resupinate, but its thick, separable,
felty fructifications are suggestive of a resupinate Stereum, and
this view is confirmed by the presence of the intermediate layer
when radial, vertical sections are examined. The cinereous,
pruinose surface of the hymenium due, however, to whitish,
cobwebby filaments rather than powdery grains, is highly char-
acteristic and shared only by the western S. rugisporum, as
are also the colored cylindric cystidia. S. rugisporum is sepa-
rated by its odor of anise, much thicker and more broadly
reflexed pilei, and presence in occasional collections of colored
spores imbedded in the deeper zones of the hymenium.

I have included Hymenochaete fimbriata among the synonyms
of S. abietinum, but it may prove to belong with S. rugisporum
instead.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1107.
Norway: Christiania, M. N. Blytt, type of Stereum glaucescens

(in Herb. Fries).
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 29; Upsala, C. G. Lloyd, 08521

(in Lloyd Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55497).
Finland: Mustiala, P. A.Karsten, in de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,
1107.

[Vol. 7

188

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Italy (?) : locality not stated, G. Bresadola.

New Hampshire: Crawford Notch, L. 0. Overholts & A. S.

Rhoads (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56342); North Conway,

L. 0. Overholts, 4553 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55633).
Vermont: Smugglers Notch, Mt. Mansfield, E. A. Burt.
New York: Cascadeville, Adirondack Mts., C. H. Peck, type of

Hymenochaete abnormis (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.).
Wisconsin: Madison, M. C. Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

618.
Montana: Yellowstone Park, part of type of Hymenochaete

fimbriata from J. B. Ellis (in Kew Herb.).
Canada: Rocky Mts., Lake O'Hara, J. Macoun, 2.
Washington: Mt. Paddo, W. N. Suksdorf, 731.

57. S. rugisporum (Ell. & Ev.) Burt, n. comb.

Plate 6, fig. 58.
Hymenochaete rugispora Ellis & Everhart, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. Proc. 1890: 219. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 228. 1891.
Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous-spongy, dry, thick, effuso-reflexed,
finally umbonate along line of attachment to substratum, the

upper side tomentose, concentrically sulcate,
snuff-brown when young and remaining so
on the obtuse margin, elsewhere weathering
neutral gray, with an anise-like odor in the
herbarium; hymenium even, light mouse-
gray, becoming light drab ; in structure 2-3
mm. thick, with intermediate layer and hy-
menium together 800-1200 m thick and the
intermediate layer connected with the
loosely interwoven tomentose surface layer
by a dark dense zone, the hyphae of the
intermediate layer colored, 2-4 /x in diame-
ter, longitudinally arranged and loosely inter-
woven, curving outward into the hymenial
layer; hymenial layer becoming up to 1000 m thick, zonate,
containing colored cystidia and sometimes colored spores 7|-9
X3-3| n, even or rough-walled; cystidia colored, cylindric,
obtuse, even, rough or granule-incrusted, 100-150X7-9 //> pro-

Fig. 29. S. rugis-
porum. Portion of sec-
tion X 488, showing col-
ored imbedded spores.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 189

truding up to 120 m> starting from all parts of the hy menial
layer and subhymenium; basidiospores as seen on basidia,
hyaline, even, 9-13X3-4| /z, borne 4 to a basidium.

Reflexed portions 1-4 cm. long and wide, sometimes laterally
confluent for 6-8 cm.; resupinate parts of about the same
dimensions.

On dead Abies, Picea, Pinus, and Larix. In Rocky Mt.
states and British Columbia to Arizona. July to September.

Reflexed specimens of S. rugisporum may be recognized by
their thick, felty, or spongy pilei, deeply concentrically sulcate,
and snuff-brown or partly gray in color, with a whitish, pruinose
hymenium, and an odor of anise; collections so far made indicate
that this species is restricted to conifers of mountainous regions.
Microscopic examination of sections shows characteristic cy-
lindric, colored cystidia, which in the subhymenium and the
deeper zones of the hymenium are not readily distinguishable
from such colored conducting organs as occur in many species
of Stereum. There is, however, no record of bleeding from
wounds of the hymenium of S. rugisporum and S. abietinum.
The type specimen of S. rugisporum contains colored spores,
usually even, but occasionally rough-walled, imbedded in the
deeper zones of the hymenium; similar spores occur in some, but
not all, of the collections cited below, but the collections are so
similar in other characters that I regard these colored imbedded
spores as an important, occasional character of the species, which
will positively identify some collections.

The type of Hymenochaete fimbriata was collected in Yellow-
stone Park, Montana, on Pinus Murray ana; the specimen is
wholly resupinate and does not show colored, imbedded spores
in the preparations which I preserved. I regarded this specimen
as not specifically distinct from S. abietinum, but the type
station of H. fimbriata makes me uncertain as to whether the
latter may not yet be demonstrated to be resupinate S. rugis-
porum instead. When so demonstrated, the specific name
fimbriatum should be used for the species because of earlier
publication.

Specimens examined:
Wyoming: Fox Park, J. R. Weir, 10009 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55788).

[Vol. 7
190 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Colorado: Silverton, E. R. Hodson, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

1551; Tolland, L. 0. Overholts, 1781, 2336 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56042, 56761); Yankee Doodle Lake, F. J.

Seaver & E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56729).
Idaho: Bonanza, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

2168 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10377); Coolin, J. R. Weir,

11476 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56724); Leesburg, F. S.

Wolpert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 7033 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55463); Priest River, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R.

Weir, 11655 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56725).
British Columbia: J. Macoun, 94, type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.).
Washington: Olympic Mts., T. C. Frye, 1 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56730); Seattle, W. A.

Murrill, 130, 146 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56731, 56732) and J. M. Grant, 2066, comm.

by C. G. Lloyd (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56728).
Arizona: Agassiz, W. H. Long, 19445 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44734); Mt. Humphrey, Flagstaff, W. H. Long, 21306-

21308, 21310 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54897-54899,
54901); Interior Basin, San Francisco Peaks, W. H. Long,

21309, 21311 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54900, 54902).

58. S. ambiguum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 47: 145.
1894; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 122. 1895. Plate 5, fig. 57.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, dry, resupinate, effused, rarely nar-
rowly reflexed, with the upper side tomentose, Prout's brown,
the resupinate margin often brighter colored, antique brown,
determinate; hymenium velvety, raw umber to Saccardo's
umber when mature and thick, becoming deeply cracked in
drying; in structure 600-1400 n thick, with an intermediate
layer 400-600 m broad, composed of longitudinally interwoven,
colored hyphae 3-4 /* in diameter, and with a zonate hymenial
layer up to 800 n thick containing colored incrusted cystidia in
all the zones; sections darkened by KHO solution; cystidia
colored, cylindric, obtuse, usually incrusted, 100-150X7-12 11,
protruding up to 100 n; basidiospores white in spore collection,

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

191

Fig. 30. S. ambiguum. Section of
hymenial region X 68; peripheral part
of cystidium, c, and spores, s, X 650.

even, 10-13 X3|-4J j*; colored
spores 12X3^-4 /x sometimes
occur in deeper zones of the
hymenium.

Resupinate part 1-8 cm. long,
1-4 cm. wide, reflexed part 1-5
mm. broad in the only reflexed
specimen known.

On logs of Abies and, perhaps,
Pinus Strobus. Vermont and
New York. June to November.
Very rare.

S. ambiguum belongs in the
group of species with S. abietinum
and S. rugisporum on account

of similarity in microscopic structure including the colored
cystidia. It may be separated from both these species at sight
by the color of its hymenium which is permanently umber and
not at all cinereous nor glaucous. There is a difference in
chemical composition also, for dilute potassic hydrate solution
blackens the sections and becomes itself discolored as in the
case of species of Hymenochaete. In fact, the general aspect
of resupinate, thick, mature, deeply cracked specimens is very
like that of Hymenochaete spreta — a species which occurs only
exceptionally on a coniferous substratum. It is possible that
S. ambiguum occurs in reflexed form in the state of Washing-
ton, for the collection cited under S. rugisporum, Olympic
Mts., T. C. Frye, 1, resembles S. ambiguum but is not quite in
perfect enough condition for confident reference here.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Middlebury, C. G. Lloyd, 10652 (in Lloyd Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44585); Ripton, E. A. Burt; Smug-
glers Notch, Mt. Mansfield, E. A. Burt.
New York: Adirondack Mts., C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb.) ; Averyville, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55699).

59. S. umbrinum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 164. 1873;
Wakefield, KewBul. 1915 : 369. 1915. — Compare Stereumumbri-

[Vol. 7
192 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

num Fries in Lehmann, Plantae Preissianae 2: 137. 1847.

Plate 6, fig. 59.
Thelephora crassa Leveille* in Gaudichaud, Voyage Bonite Bot.
i:190. pi. 189. f. 1. 1846. Not Stereum crassum Fries, R.
Soc. Sci. Upsal. Actis III. 1: 111. 1851. — Hymenochaete
crassa (Lev.) Berkeley in Cooke, Grevillea 8: 148. 1880; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 597. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 114. 1890. — H. umbrina Berk. & Curtis in Cooke, Gre-
villea 8: 148. 1880; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist.
Jour. 10: 198. 1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 598. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 113. 1890. — H. vinosa (Berk.)
Cooke, Grevillea 8: 149. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 600.
1888. — H. multispinulosa Peck, Bot. Gaz. 7: 54. 1882; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 600. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
108. 1890. — H. scabriseta Cooke in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,
717. 1882; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 113. pi. 5.f. 7.
1890. — Lloydella scabriseta (Cooke) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1580. 1906. — Hymenochaete pur-
purea Cooke & Morgan in Cooke, Grevillea 11: 106. 1883;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 198. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 597. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:

115. 1890. — Knieffia purpurea (Cooke & Morg.) Bresadola,
Ann. Myc. 1 : 100. 1903. — Peniophora intermedia Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 143. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 238. 1891.
— Hymenochaete Kalchbrenneri Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:

116. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 230. 1891.
Illustrations: Gaudichaud, Voyage Bonite Bot. pi. 139. f. 1;

Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: pi. 5. f. 7.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-spongy, resupinate, effused, often
becoming reflexed, light vinaceous lilac to dark lavender when
young, at length brownish drab to snuff-brown, the upper surface
spongy, pitted, somewhat sulcate, the reflexed margin thick,
entire; hymenium even, somewhat velvety, sometimes cracking
in drying, light vinaceous lilac to snuff-brown; in structure
500-1000 ix thick, composed of loosely interwoven, slightly
colored hyphae 3J-5 /x in diameter, not forming an intermediate
layer; in the subhymenial region thick-walled organs 5-6 m
in diameter, darker colored than the hyphae, originate among the

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

193

Fig. 31. S. umbrinum. Section of hyme-
nial region X 488, showing z, cystidia.

hyphae and curve outward
through the hymenium
as sharp-pointed cystidia,
even, rough-walled, or in-
crusted, 100-200X6-10 m,
protruding up t o 40 m; spores
white in spore collection,
even, 6X3J (x.

Resupinate on areas 1-3
cm. in diameter, becoming
laterally confluent for 10-15
cm., reflexed portion 2-5
mm. broad.

On fallen limbs of oak,
hickory, and other fron-
dose species. North Caro-
lina to Texas and south-
ward from Ohio and Illinois, in Arizona, West Indies, and
Central America; occurs also in Poland, Cochin China, and
Australia. September to February, but collected occasionally
in the other months of the year.

S. umbrinum may be recognized by the purple color of young
specimens which fades or changes finally to snuff-brown, al-
though usually showing a vinaceous tinge, and by its remarkable
cystidia, which, on account of their color and lack of conspicuous
incrustation, verge towards setae. However, these organs are
paler colored and much more elongated than undoubted setae;
furthermore, sections of fructifications in which these colored
cystidia are present do not immediately darken when dilute
potassium hydrate is brought in contact with them, as inva-
riably happens to sections containing true setae. It has seemed
best to retain for this species the name Stereum umbrinum B. &
C, because the type of Stereum umbrinum Fr., Herb. Preiss.,
No. 2686, collected in Australia on Banksia Menziesii, must be
found and studied to complete the Friesian description before it
can be known whether the Preiss specimen is not really a
Hymenochaete, Eichleriella, Auricularia, or, perhaps, even identi-
cal with S. umbrinum B. & C, a common species in Australia.
The presence of a white, intermediate layer seems to preclude the

[Vol. 7
194 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

latter possibility. No. 2686 has not been found in the Preiss

series of specimens in the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium;

perhaps it is most likely to be found in the Stockholm collection.
Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 606 b, under the name Stereum
papyrinum, and 1108; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2315;
Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2 : 36, under the name S. papyrinum;
Ravenel, Fungi Am., 118, under the name S. papyrinum,
the type distribution of Peniophora intermedia, and 445, and
717, the type distribution of Hymenochaete scabriseta;
Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3524; de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,
1504, under the name Corticium murinum, the type distribu-
tion of Hymenochaete Kalchbrenneri.

North Carolina: Asheville, E. Bartholomew, 5658 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44215); Creedmoor, J. G. Hall, comm. by
Lloyd Herb., 10299 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55465).

South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, Curtis Herb., 1903, type (in
Kew Herb.), and in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 36; Aiken,
H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 445, and H. W.
Ravenel, 1716 (in Curtis Herb., 2308, under the name
Hymenochaete cervina); Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1615,
1638.

Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 117;
Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by W. G. Farlow, GG.

Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 2134, 4857, and W. W. Calkins, in Ellis,
N. Am. Fungi, 606 b; Eustis, R. Thaxter, 12 (in Farlow
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43931); Gainesville, N.
L. T. Nelson, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 427 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55624), and H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,
118; Green Cove Springs, G. Martin, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,
1108; New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd, 192, 2122, 2134.

Alabama: Peters, 770 (in Curtis Herb., under the name S.
papyrinum); Auburn, P. H. Mell (in U. S. Dept. Agr.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5106) ; Mobile, E. Barthol-
omew, 5751 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44221); Montgom-
ery, R. P. Burke, 139, 150 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
21228, 44906); Talapoosa region, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker
{in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56598).

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 195

Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44650); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois,
A, B, C, ag, and an unnumbered specimen, and in Ell. & Ev.,
N. Am. Fungi, 2315.

Ohio: A. P. Morgan, 11, type of Hymenochaete purpurea (in
Kew Herb.); Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 190, and A. P.
Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2626; Linwood, C. G.
Lloyd, 2261.

Indiana: Greenwood, M. C. Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,
2133 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22825).

Illinois: Christopher, C. J. Humphrey, 2133 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 42926); Genesee, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 824.

Missouri: Bismarck, L. 0. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56716); Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 571; Pacific, L. 0.
Overholts, 3162 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5718); Perryville,
C. H. Demetrio, in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3524; Pickering,
E. Bartholomew, 6424 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55194);
St. Louis, N. M. Glatfelter, 1187, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; Valley Park, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44056, 44061).

Arkansas: Bigflat, W. H. Long, 19858, 19895 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 8965, 8883); Cass, W. H. Long, 19832, 19905 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8884, 8885); Womble, W. H. Long,
19821 in part, 19869 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14650, 9142).

Texas: Gillespie Co., C. Jermy, 444 (m Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
5171); Gonzales, C. L. Shear, 1229.

Arizona: 34 near Camp Lowell, C. G. Pringle, type of Hymeno-
chaete multispinulosa (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and a
portion in Burt Herb.).

Cuba: C. Wright, Fungi Cubenses Wrightiani, 832, comm. by
W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43908), and C. G.
Lloyd, 165 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55153); Ciego de
Avila, Earle & Murrill, 607, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; La Magdalena, Earle & Baker, 2470, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; San Diego de Los Bafios, Earle
& Murrill, 263, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, /. A. Stevenson, 2389 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 9441).

Guatemala: Secanquim, W. R. Maxon & R. Hay, 3140a

[Vol. 7
196 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Cochin China: authentic specimen of Thelephora crassa from

LeVeille (in Kew Herb.).
Australia: W. N. Cheesman, comm. by E. M. Wakefield, Kew

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44582); Victoria, /. G.

Luehmann, in de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1504, under the

name of Corticium murinum, the type distribution of Hy-

menochaete Kalchbrenneri.

6o. S. papyrinum Montagne in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist.
Cuba PL Cell. 374. 1842; ibid., folio ed., 9: 228. 1845; Syll.
Crypt. 178. 1856; Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
331. 1868. Plate 6, fig. 60.

Peniophora papyrina (Mont.) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 20. pi. 124.
f. 9. 1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 641. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 140. 1889. — Stereum nicaraguense Berk.
& Curtis, Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. Proc. 4: 123. 1853; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888. — S. nicaraguae Berk. & Curtis in
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 183. 1890. — An Hymeno-
chaete pallida Cooke & Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 97.
1890? See Patouillard, Myc. Soc. Fr. Bui. 10: 78. 1894, and
Burt, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5:367. 1918.

Illustrations: Cooke, Grevillea 8: pi. 124- /• 9; Australian
Fungi, pi. 11. f. 82.
Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructification coriaceous-papery, thin, pliant, resupinate and
widely effused, sometimes reflexed, rarely umbonate sessile,

the upper side tomentose, concen-
trically sulcate, drying snuff-brown,
weathering to cartridge-buff, the
margin entire; hymenium even, vel-
vety, snuff -brown to Benzo-brown;
in structure 500-600 p. thick exclu-
sive of the tomentose covering, com-
^KS$fflff ^W posed of longitudinally and loosely

" ^ \^^ interwoven, even-walled, pale-colored

hyphae 3-3J p in diameter, which

Fig 32. S. papyrinum. Sec- ive their color to the fructincation,
tion of hymenium X 488, show- ,, . ,.

ing cystidia and paraphyses. tne intermediate layer not dense on
From authentic specimen. its upper side but grading into the

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 197

tomentum; no conducting organs present; cystidia rather few
and scattered, heavily and coarsely incrusted on the peripheral
half, conical, 30-75X12-25 m, usually colored under the incrus-
tation, confined to the hymenium; slender, flexuous paraphyses
2\ n in diameter are abundant in the hymenium; spores hya-
line, even, 4J-8X3-4 ^ — but few found.

Resupinate on under side of limbs over areas up to 25X3J
cm., and reflexed along both sides 1— 2J cm.

On under side of fallen limbs of frondose species. Florida,
West Indies, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. October to May.
Probably common.

S. papyrinum belongs in the group with S. umbrinum and S.
albo-badium; resupinate specimens of these species require ex-
amination of sectional preparations for accurate determina-
tion. The specimens which have been distributed by Ravenel
and by Ellis in their exsiccati as S. papyrinum are S. umbrinum.
In its reflexed stage, S. papyrinum is much more broadly reflexed
than S. umbrinum and is concentrically sulcate; its cystidia are
heavily incrusted and from 12 to 25 p in diameter by 30 to 75 n
long, while those of S. umbrinum are much longer in proportion
to their diameter and often can be followed from deep in the
subhymenium, taper so gradually and bear so little incrustation,
and are so uniformly colored that some mycologists have
regarded them as setae, although they do not satisfy the defini-
tion of setae. The cystidia of S. papyrinum are concolorous
with the hyphae under the incrustation. S. albo-badium has
cystidia heavily incrusted but smaller than those of S. papyrinum
. and not colored.

On account of their structure, I have included in S. papyrinum
the Cuban specimens listed by Berkeley & Curtis as S. mem-
branaceum, for I find nothing to show that these specimens were
ever compared with the type of the latter in Herb. Willdenow
and collected on the Isle of Bourbon in the Indian Ocean; there
is nothing in the original description of S. membranaceum to
show that this may not be more closely related to S.fasciatum
than to S. papyrinum. I have referred to S. papyrinum, as um-
bonate-sessile forms, the specimen from Nicaragua distributed
in Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 94, and a collection from Cuba by
Underwood & Earle, 1584, which are cited below; these speci-

[Vol. 7
198 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

mens have cystidia of the minimum dimensions given for the

species and with less than the usual incrustation, as is the case

with cystidia of the type of S. nicaraguense ; perhaps these two

specimens are Hymenochaete pallida.
Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 95 and 93 a and b, under
the name Stereum rufo-fulvum (Mont.), and 94, under the
name S. purpureum.

Florida: Adams Key, Dade Co., J. H. Small & C. A. M osier,
5364, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 71448); Miami, W. H. Long, 18310 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55442); Palm Beach, R. Thaxter,16 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 43927).

Cuba: type, from Montagne (in Kew Herb.), and C. Wright,
274, and 240, both under the name S. membranaceum (both
in Curtis Herb.); Alto Cedro, L. M. Underwood & F. S.
Earle, 1481, 1492, 1584, comm. by N. Y. Bot, Gard. Herb.;
Ceballos, C. J.Humphrey, 2726 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.);
El Yunque Mt., Baracoa, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle,
364 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56714), and 739, 745, and 1233, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; Managua, Earle & Murrill, 32, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; San Diego de los Bafios, Earle & Mur-
rill, 264, 356, 362, 367, 380, all comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.

Porto Rico: Espinosa, J. A. Stevenson, 2751 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 5554).

Jamaica: A. E. Wight, comm. by W. G. Farlow; Hope Gardens,
F. S. Earle, 141, 165, 431, 494, all comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; Port Maria, F. S. Earle, 467, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill & W.
Harris, 898, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; West-
moreland, F. S. Earle, 425 A, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; San Juan, F. S. Earle, 62, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.

Mexico: Colima, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 637, 648, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54583,
54584) ; Jalapa, C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am. Fungi,
93a; Orizaba, W. A.&E.L. Murrill, 748, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54655).

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

199

Nicaragua: C. Wright, 264, type of S. nicaraguense (in Curtis

Herb.); Castillo Viejo, C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am.

Fungi, 95; Ometepe, C. L. Smith, in Smith, Central Am.

Fungi, 93b; San Juan del Norte, C. L. Smith, in Smith,

Central Am. Fungi, 94.
Canal Zone: Gatun, M. A. H. (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56715).
Colombia: Bonda, C.F.Baker, 26.
Brazil: Santo Anna da Chapada, Matto Grosso, G. 0. Malme,

564, comm. by L. Romell.

N^^

6i. S. Earlei Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 61.

Type: in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification coriaceous-spongy, dry, effuso-reflexed, with
the upper surface tomentose, snuff-brown, the margin entire;
hymenium mouse-gray and some-
what pruinose in the older portion,
snuff-brown and veined toward the
margin; in structure with the in-
termediate layer 150 n thick, com-
posed of longitudinally interwoven,
colored hyphae 3-4 n in diameter,
with the hymenial layer up to 200
fj, thick, zoned, containing cystidia
in all its portions; cystidia colored,
heavily hyaline incrusted on the
outer half, slender-pointed, 45-60
X5-12 \x, protruding up to 30 jjl;
spores hyaline, even, 5-6 X 3-3 J jjl.

Reflexed portion up to 1 cm. broad; resupinate portion lat-
erally confluent for 8 cm., but a strip only 1 cm. wide removed
from the substratum.

In a wood pile. Hope Gardens, Jamaica. November.

Fructifications of this species have the general aspect of those
of S. papyrinum, but are thinner, more compactly inter-
woven, with slenderer cystidia, and have the hymenial layer up
to 200 ju thick and composed of several zones; cystidia are
present in each of these zones, and those of the innermost zones
do not reach to the surface of the hymenium. In S. papyrinum

Fig. 33. S. Earlei. Section of
type X 68; cystidium, c, and spores,
s, X 488.

200

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

the hymenium is a single layer of basidia, cystidia, and para-
physes. In the collector's note, the color is given as "violet
purple edged with white," but colors of dried specimens are as
given above.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Hope Gardens, F. S. Earle, 151, type, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.

62. S. Chailletii Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1: 125. 1822 (in
******Stereum of Thelephora); Fries, Epicr. 551. 1838; Hym.
Eur. 642. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 566. 1888; Bresadola,
I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 106. 1897. Plate 6, fig. 62.
Thelephora Chailletii Pers. in Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 188.
1828. — Xerocarpus ambiguus Karsten, Soc. pro Fauna et Flora
Fennica Actis 21: 38. 1881. — Trichocarpus ambiguus Karsten,
Finska Vet. -Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 407. 1889.—
Hymenochaete ambigua Karsten in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 230.
1891. — Peniophora Atkinsonii Ellis & Everhart, Phila. Acad.
Nat. Sci.Proc.1894: 324. 1894; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 129. 1895.
Fructification coriaceous, nearly always resupinate, effused,
occasionally reflexed, with upper surface tomentose, more or

less concentrically sulcate when
well developed, hair-brown to
clove-brown, the margin entire;
hymenium rather uneven, not
polished, avellaneous to wood-
brown; in structure 300-600 ^
thick, composed of somewhat
longitudinally and not densely
interwoven hyphae 3-4J /jl in
diameter, some of which are hya-
line, thin-walled, and with deeply
staining protoplasm, and many
thick-walled, stiff, giving their
color to the fructification, and
curving into the hymenium where they terminate in cystidia;
cystidia slightly colored, roughened above, 50-120X4-4f /z, pro-
truding up to 20 At, slender-pointed; spores white in spore col-
lection, ellipsoidal, 5-6 X 3-3 J /*.

Fig. 34. S. Chailletii. Section
of hymenium X 665, showing para-
physes; spores, s.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 201

Wholly resupinate specimens \-2 cm. in diameter, becoming
laterally confluent over areas up to 15X2 cm.; reflexed portions
1-5 mm. broad — up to 2 cm. broad in European specimens.

On dead Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Abies, Picea, Larix, Thuja,
and Cupressus. Canada to New Jersey, in Wisconsin, in Idaho
to British Columbia and Washington, and in New Mexico at
altitude 7500 ft. Occurs also in Europe. Probably throughout
the year but most collections dated July to October. Infrequent.
S. Chailletii occurs just often enough reflexed so that an
observant collector will soon locate his gatherings correctly in
Stereum. It is noteworthy by its colored cystidia of the same
type as those of S. umbrinum but of only half the diameter
of those of the latter, and by its occurrence on conifers of the
species named above, and by restriction in geographic range to
the northern United States and southern Canada and the Rocky
Mountain plateau. The avellaneous, somewhat velvety hymen-
ium is so uniform in appearance that when once learned this
species may usually be recognized thereafter at sight.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2904, under the name Hy-

menochaete simulans Ell. & Ev., n. sp., but description does

not seem to have been published; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1202.
Norway: Christiania, M. N. Blytt, determined by E. Fries (in

Herb. Fries).
Finland: Merimason, P. A.Karsten, authentic specimen of Tri-

chocarpus ambiguus.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 24, 25, 341, all under the name

Stereum abietinum.
France: Arnac, Aveyron, A. Galzin, unnumbered spec, and 17948,

comm. by H. Bourdot, 7926, and unnumbered respectively.
Switzerland: Sachs, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 1202.
Italy? or perhaps Hungary? : locality not given, G. Bresadola.
Canada: Cow's Swamp, J. Macoun, 115; Dow's Swamp, J.

Macoun, 249 in part.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 57.
Vermont: Ripton, E. A. Burt, two collections.
New York: Beaver River, Adirondack Mts., G. F. Atkinson,

Bot. Dept. of Cornell Univ., 4607; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

14189; Syracuse, G. F. Atkinson, 677, part of type of

Peniophora Atkinsonii.

202

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

2904.
Wisconsin: M. C. Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2502 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5060).
Idaho: Coolin, /. R. Weir, 11133, 11527, 11940 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56717, 56722, 56718); Kaniksu National

Forest, Priest River, /. R. Weir, 65, 110 (the latter in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 13272).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 482,

510, 513 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18282, 3771, 1739);

Sidney, J. Macoun, 81 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5887);

Squamish, J. Macoun, 533 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55186).
Washington: Bellingham, J. R. Weir, 7559 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55467, 55790); Stanwood, C. J. Humphrey, 7358

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20103).
New Mexico: Tejano Experiment Station, near Albuquerque,

W . H. Long & P. W. Seay, comm. by W. H. Long, 21313

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54884).

63. S. ferreum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
332. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 586. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 197. 1890. Plate 6, fig. 63.

An Stereum areolatum Fries?
Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications corky, effused, usually resupinate, sometimes
becoming barely reflexed on the upper side and there drab,

nearly even ; hymenium somewhat colliculose,
not shining, cinnamon-drab to drab ; in struc-
ture up to 1 100 n thick, with the intermediate
layer 500 ^ thick, bordered by a darker zone
next to substratum and composed of colored,
thick-walled, somewhat ascending, inter-
woven hyphae 3-3 J ^ in diameter; hymenial
layer up to 600 11 thick, containing in all parts
innumerable incrusted cystidia, minutely
Fig. 35. S. ferreum. rough, either colored throughout or colored

Section of hymenial under the incrustation 20-25X5-7 M, pro-

region of type, X 488. ,. ..

Shows rough, colored trudmg up to 6 M; spores hyaline, even,

cystidia. globose, 4 fx in diameter, but few found.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 203

Fructifications 4-8X1-2 cm., margin reflexed 1 mm.

On bark of fibrous structure of an unrecorded species. Cuba
and Jamaica. Rare.

S. ferreum may be recognized by its resupinate, drab fructifi-
cations, rarely having a narrowly pileate margin, and by the
thick hymenial layer containing innumerable small colored
cystidia which at the surface of the hymenium have the colorless
incrustation roughened. So few spores were observed that it
may be they were foreign spores. S. ferreum is at least closely
related to S. areolatum, & European species occurring on Taxus,
and I have been inclined to regard it as not specifically distinct
from the latter, but we do not know yet that S. ferreum occurs
on Taxus or a related genus; if not a strictly tropical species but
a synonym of S. areolatum, the lack of a northern range in
eastern United States is at variance with species common to
Europe and North America.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 199, type (in Kew Herb.).
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 1+58, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Sir John Peak, W. A. Murrill,
803, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

64. S. cinerascens (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
179. 1890. Plate 6, fig. 64.

Thelephora cinerascens Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S.
4: 167. 1832. — Hymenochaete cinerascens (Schw.) Leveille, Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5: 152. 1846;' Morgan, Cincinnati Soc.
Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 197. 1888. — Peniophora cinerescens (Schw.)
Sacc. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 646. 1888. — P. Schweinitzii
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 145. 1889. — Corticium as-
chistum Berkeley & Curtis, Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. Proc. 4: 123.
1858. — Peniophora Berkeleyi Cooke, Grevillea 8: 20. pi. 122.
f. 4- 1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 642. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 25:' 144. 1889. — Stereum moricola Berkeley,
Grevillea 1: 162. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888.—
Peniophora moricola (Berk.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
25: 141. 1889. — Stereum dissitum Berkeley, Grevillea 1: 164.
1873. — Peniophora dissita (Berk.) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 150.
1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 645. .1888; Massee, Linn. Soc.

204

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Bot. Jour. 25: 143. 1889. — Corticium ephebium Berk. & Curtis,
Grevillea 1: 178. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 618. 1888.—
Peniophora ephebia (Berk. & Curtis) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 25: 151. 1889. — Stereum neglectum Peck, N. Y. State
Mus. Rept. 33: 22. 1880. — Peniophora neglecta Peck, N. Y.
State Mus. Rept. 40: 76. 1887. — P. occidental^ Ellis & Ever-
hart, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 24: 277. 1897; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
14: 224. 1900. — Lloy delta occidentalis (Ell. & Ev.) v. Hohn.
& Litsch. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 791. 1907.
— Stereum purpurascene Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter 53: 14.
1914.

Illustrations: Cooke, Grevillea 8: pi 122. f. £ 1879.
Type: in Herb. Schweinitz, Curtis Herb., and Kew Herb.
Fructifications coriaceous, often resupinate and effused, some-
times reflexed, with upper surface strigose-hairy, concentrically
sulcate, warm buff to pinkish buff, weathering
gray, often laterally confluent, the margin
entire; hymenium minutely bristly with the
cystidia, even, drying pinkish buff to drab; in
structure 400-600 m thick excluding the hairy
covering, with the intermediate layer composed
of longitudinally interwoven, thick-walled hy-
phae 4-4 J \x in diameter; cystidia large, in-
crusted, thick-walled, often brownish at the
base, conical, 100-150 X 12-20 At, emerging up to
40-70 m; spores white in spore collection, even,
10-12X6 11, somewhat flattened on one side.

Resupinate portions 1-10 X 1-2 J cm.; reflexed
margin 2-8 mm. broad.

On logs and fallen limbs of Ulmus, Tilia,
Robinia, Morus, etc. Canada to Texas, west-
ward to California, and in Mexico, Cuba, and
Brazil. Common. June to February.
Fully developed specimens of S. cinerascens may be recognized
by their narrowly reflexed, strigose-hairy pileus and hymenium
somewhat pruinose with the large, bristly, colorless cystidia. In
sectional preparations, these cystidia are usually slightly colored
at the base and more numerous and larger than in any other
North American Stereum; the spores are very large also.

Fig. 36.

S. cinerascens.

Cystidium, c, and

spores, s, X 488.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 205

Wholly resupinate specimens have merely a superficial resem-
blance to Peniophora, for they are loosely attached to the
substratum by the layer of loosely arranged, coarse hairs which
forms the strigose covering of the upper surface of a renexed
specimen; the intermediate layer is well developed in resupinate
specimens, and the cystidia and spores are the same as in reflexed
specimens. It is surprising that a species so common and so
marked in its microscopical characters should have seemed new
so many times.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2337, 4648; Ell. & Ev.,
N. Am. Fungi, 2314, type distribution of Peniophora occi-
dentalis; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 313.
Canada: J. Macoun, J+5, 68, and another specimen comm. by
J. B. Ellis, under the name Peniophora occidentalis ; Lower
St. Lawrence valley, /. Macoun, 33, 34, 79.
Quebec : Hull, J. Macoun, Nat. Hist. Surv. of Canada, 359, and

J. Macoun, 52; Ironsides, J. Macoun, 282.
Ontario: Guelph, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 669 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44916); Jefferson, G. H. Graham,
Univ. Toronto Herb., 673 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44922);
Ottawa, J. Macoun, 234; Toronto, J. H. Fault, Univ.
Toronto Herb., 651 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44947).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, six collections.
Massachusetts: W. G. Fartow, two collections.
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1312, and in Shear, N. Y. Fungi,
313; Cayuga Lake Basin, G. F. Atkinson, 3020, 8023, J;
Greenbush, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56020); Ithaca, C. J. Humphrey,
261 , and a specimen comm. by G. F. Atkinson, Van Hook,
comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 7988; Knowersville, C. H. Peck
(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55755) ; Syracuse, L. M. Underwood, 5 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56709); Verona, C. H.
Peck, type of Stereum neglectum (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,
and perhaps a duplicate in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55754).
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz,

Curtis Herb., and Kew Herb.).
South Carolina: Curtis Herb., 5997, type of Stereum moricota
(in Kew Herb.).

[Vol. 7
206 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5694 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44220), and in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4648.
Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 95 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43922); Miami, W. H. Long, 12951 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55102); Totten Key, P. H. Rolfs.
Alabama: Peters, 923, type of Corticium ephebium, 1004, 1007

(in Curtis Herb., 6050, 6088, and 6089 respectively, and in

Kew Herb.).
Texas: C. Wright, Curtis Herb., 3903, type of Sterewn dissitum

(in Kew Herb., and probably a co-type in Burt Herb., and

U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 25; New Richmond,

C. H. Kauffman, 64 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19651).
Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2590,

and A. P. & S. V. Morgan, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb., under the name Hymenochaete imbricatula as deter-
mined by Morgan; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd, 8553, 02835.
Indiana: Hibernian Mills, Whetzel & Reddick, comm. by D.

Reddick, 2.
Minnesota: Cass Lake, J. R. Weir, 324 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

6968); Clearwater Lake, F. Weiss, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56634); Wright Co., F. Weiss (in Overholts Herb.,

5367).
Iowa: Webster, 0. M. Oleson, 437 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44060); Woodbine, C. J. Humphrey & C. W. Edgerton,

comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 6535 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14042).
Missouri: Creve Coeur, P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5137); Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56711).
Arkansas: Fordyce, C. J.Humphrey, 5778.
Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 1052; Pawnee City, C. L. Shear,

1016.
Kansas: Louisville, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi

Col., 2337; Rooks Co., E. Bartholomew (in Burt Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5011).
Montana: F. W. Anderson, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2314.
California: Bear Valley, near Olema, M. A. H. (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56591) ; Berkeley,

1920]

BUET — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

207

H. A. Lee, comm. by W. A. Setchell, 1020 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44304).
Mexico: Xuchiles, near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 1181,

1213, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54590, 54591).
Nicaragua : C. Wright, 274-, type of Corticium aschistum and

Peniophora Berkeleyi (in Curtis Herb.).
Cuba: C. G. Lloyd, 428 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55157); Alto

Cedro, Earle & Murrill, 515 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56291); Havana, Bro. Leon, comm.

by J. R. Weir, 10188 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56216).
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 34$, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Brazil: Matto Grosso, Santa Anna da Chapada, G. V. Malme,

572, comm. by L. Romell.

65. S. magnisporum Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 65.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-gelatinous, thin, resupinate, becom-
ing confluent, free all around, with margin reflexed on the upper
side, probably white, drying pale pinkish
buff, hoary, the margin white, entire; hy-
menium even or with one or two broad
veins, setulose with the large cystidia,
drying pinkish buff ; in structure 300 /jl
thick when dry, swelling to 1200-1500
fj. thick when wet for sectioning, of gel-
atinous consistency, composed of loosely
interwoven, hyaline hyphae 2 y. in
diameter, not incrusted; hymenial layer
not zonate, composed of large simple
basidia 45-60X15 11, having 4 sterig-
mata 12 /x long, of hyaline, filiform,
flexuous paraphyses 2-2J /* in diameter,
not exceeding the basidia, and of coni-
cal, incrusted cystidia 45-90X12-15 /x,
protruding up to 60 n; spores hyaline,
even, 15-20 X 12-14 M.

Fructifications 2-6 mm. in diameter, laterally confluent for 15
mm., margin reflexed for 1-2 mm.

Fig. 37. S. magnisporum.
Cystidium, c, basidia, b, and
spores, s, X 488. From type.

[Vol. 7
208 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On dead limbs of a frondose species. Jamaica. December
to January.

S. magnisporum may be recognized by its small, whitish
fructifications, with narrowly reflexed or free margin, pale hy-
menium distinctly setulose with the large cystidia, and by the
very large spores. The large spores and basidia show relation
of S. magnisporum to Aleurodiscus, but the absence of granular
matter or of any unusual character of the paraphyses leads to
the belief that this species will usually be sought for among the
Stereums.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 328, type, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Cinchona, W. A. & E. L.
Murrill, 522, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

66. S. spumeum Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 66.

Corticium spumeum Berk. & Rav. in Curtis Herb, (in part);
Grevillea2o: 13. 1891 (in part — nomen). — C. ochroleucum, "as
resupinate ambient condition," Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i:
166. 1873, but not Stereum ochroleucum Fries. — Not Corticium
ochroleucum var. erimosum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 166.
1873.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications spongy-soft, effused, resupinate, separable,
sometimes narrowly reflexed, the upper surface tomentose and
becoming cartridge-buff to pinkish buff in the herbarium, the
margin entire; in structure 400-1500 m thick, composed of
loosely interwoven, hyaline, thick-walled hyphae 3-4J m in di-
ameter, sometimes nodose-septate, the intermediate layer not
bordered on its upper side by a crust-like or colored zone;
hymenium even, cream-buff to pinkish buff; no conducting
organs; cystidia incrusted, 36-60X9-12 m, sometimes protrud-
ing up to 40 m; spores hyaline, even, 5-9X3-4 m.

Resupinate over areas 1-10X1-5 cm., reflexed portion 1-4
mm. broad when present.

On bark and wood of dead beech, oak, and other frondose
limbs. New York to Mexico. August to January. Rare.

S. spumeum is noteworthy by its narrowly reflexed pileus,
spongy-soft throughout, and without differentiation of its sur-

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 209

face of soft, matted, interwoven hairs from the hyphae of the in-
termediate region, by its buff hymenium, and by its incrusted
cystidia. These incrusted cystidia and different aspect of the
fructifications afford sharp separation from S. ochraceo-flavum ;
S. ochroleucum and S. rugosiusculum have the general aspect of
S. spumeum but both lack incrusted cystidia, and S. rugosius-
culum has in its subhymenial region pyriform, vesicular organs.
S. spumeum is so frequently resupinate or very narrowly reflexed
that gatherings are likely to be referred to Peniophora.

Specimens examined:
New York: Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 27' (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54486).
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, 1864 (in Curtis Herb., under the

name Corticium giganteum).
South Carolina: Aiken, on oak limbs, H. W. Ravenel, 1772 (in

Curtis Herb., under the name Corticium ochroleucum,

" formerly C. spumeum").
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey; St. Martin-

ville, A. B. Langlois,E, type
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 405, 413, 414, 498,

503, 520, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54520-54523, 56685, 55524); Cordoba, W. A.

& E. L. Murrill, 1214, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54592).

67. S. erumpens Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 67.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications corky, rarely resupinate, usually bursting out
from the inner bark as small pezizaef orm, orbicular disks or cups
with elevated black margins and cinereous or pallid neutral gray
hymenium; these fructifications may become crowded as if
confluent, and then broken up into frus-
tules and remain attached by the under
side to the substratum, or the margin on
the upper side may grow outward so as
to form umbonate, sessile pilei attached
by the umbo and lower side, with the
upper surface narrowly concentrically Fig 38 5> erumpens.

sulcate, mummy-brown to fuscous; hy- Section of type, x 90.

[Vol. 7
210 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

menium even or somewhat tubercular, pallid neutral gray;
in structure 200-300 m thick, composed of ascending, densely
interwoven hyphae both colored and hyaline, the former 3| m in
diameter, with the tips arranged side by side in colored subhy-
menial zones, mark the 1-3 strata finally present; cystidia
incrusted, cylindric, 30-60 X 8-20 m, sometimes protruding up to
20 m beyond the hymenium, starting from all parts of the fructi-
fication; spores hyaline, even, 5-7XH~2§ a*.

Fructifications 1-2| mm. in diameter, reflexed 1-2 mm.
On dead limbs of alder, chestnut, willow, and other frondose
species. Rhode Island to Alabama and westward to Washing-
ton and Oregon. March to January. Occasional.

S. erumpens combines the characters of S. versiforme and
Peniophora drier ea; it is more constantly and distinctly reflexed
than S. versiforme, always has a gray hymenium, and has quite a
different mode of origin from the latter. In the type small
blackish bodies burst out from the bark, open at the tip, dis-
closing whitish hymenium, and then grow to mature condition.
Specimens at hand do not show how such a large resupinate
fructification as that collected by E. T. and S. A. Harper, No.
819, cited below, does arise, and I may be wrong in referring the
specimen to S. erumpens. An important microscopical detail of
S. erumpens is the narrow olivaceous zone of colored hyphal tips
at the very base of the basidia of the hymenium.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 720, under the name Corticium

quercinum var. scutellatum.
Rhode Island: Lincoln, F. W. Collins.
New York: East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, C. J. Humphrey,

2568 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20784); Earner, H. D.

House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55210); New Scotland, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb., T 28, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54658).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 720.
Maryland : Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 959.
District of Columbia: North Takoma, C. L. Shear, 1043, type.
Georgia: Raleigh, R. M. Harper, 2037b, comm. by P. L. Ricker,

and (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.>

42597).

1920]

BURT THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

211

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, 2301 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56292).
Indiana: Scottsburg, J. R. Weir, 5836 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55462).
Illinois: Glencoe, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 819, 937.
Arkansas: Fayetteville, R. R. Rosen, comm. by L. 0. Overholtsr

5117 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56358).
Montana: Missoula, J. R. Weir, 354 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

9435).
Washington: Brewerton, E. Bartholomew, comm! by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4939).
Oregon: Grants Pass, J. R. Weir, 8701 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

36742).

68. S. sulcatum Burt in Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 54:
154. 1901; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Notes 44: 619. text f. 878.
1917. Plate 6, fig. 68.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Burt Herb., N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Bresadola
Herb.

Fructification corky, rigid, resupinate or efTuso-reflexed, with
the reflexed part becoming glabrous, bister, irregular, deeply and
concentrically sulcate; hymenium uneven or somewhat tuber-
cular, not polished, drying between light buff and pinkish buff,
assuming a reddish color where bruised; in structure 600-1500 /x
thick, with the intermediate layer
bordered by a dark dense zone on its
upper side, and composed of very
densely and longitudinally inter-
woven, hyaline hyphae 3-3| n in
diameter, the hymenial layer be-
coming zonate or stratose; no col-
ored conducting organs; cystidia
incrusted, 30-50X8-12 /»; spores
white in spore collection, even, sub-
globose, 4-6X3-5 p.

Confluent over areas 3-15X1-8 rt .

n , . 0 1A Fig. 39. S. sulcatum. Section

cm.; reflexed margin 3-10 mm. of hymenial region x 90; cystidia,

broad. c, and spores, s, X 665.

[Vol. 7
212 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On logs and stumps of Tsuga, Abies, Picea, Taxodium, Pseu-
dotsuga, and Larix. Canada to Texas and westward to British
Columbia and Washington. May to November. Frequent.

S. sulcatum may be recognized by its brown, deeply and sharp-
ly and concentrically sulcate pileus, ruddy hymenium, incrusted
cystidia, and occurrence on conifers. Where the northern
hemlock occurs it is usually on this species. S. Chailletii is
found on conifers throughout the same northern geographical
range, but is much thinner and does not have as large nor
incrusted cystidia. In the older herbaria S. sulcatum is often
found under the name Stereum rugosum, to which specimens
were erroneously referred.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 1935, under the name
Stereum rugosum; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 217, under the
name S. rugosum.
Canada: J. Macoun, 27, 32, 43; Lower St. Lawrence Valley,

J. Macoun, 69a, 76.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 234, and in Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

Fungi, 1935.
New Hampshire : North Conway, L. 0. Overholts & H. H. York,
comm. by L. O. Overholts, 5033 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56350).
New York: Floodwood, E. A. Burt, type; Ithaca, G. F. Atkin-
son, 2023, 2617, 2636, 5072, 7889, 19398, and C. 0. Smith,
comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 8032; North Elba, C. H. Kauf-
man, 7 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21821); Pompey, L. M.
Underwood, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 217.
Louisiana: Lutcher, H. von Schrenk, 26 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 42637).
Texas: Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 113 (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.,

under the herbarium name Stereum tricolor) .
Wisconsin: Ladysmith, C. J. Humphrey, 1908 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 42917).
West Virginia: comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kauffman, 60 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 16403).
Montana: Gallatin National Forest, Spring Hill, G. G. Hedgcock,
comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2164 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
10399).

1920

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

213

Idaho: Kaniksu National Forest, Priest River, J. R. Weir, 4,

29, 58, 74, 82, and 102 (the last in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

16029).
Canadian Rocky Mts.: Lake Louise, /. Macoun, 3; Lake

O'Hara, J. Macoun, 7 ; Papiston Creek, J. Macoun, 8.
British Columbia : Yoho Valley, J. Macoun, 5.
Washington: Mt. Paddo, W. N. Suksdorf, 843, 844>
Oregon: Sumpter, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

2570 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20460).

m

69. S. subpileatum Berk. & Curtis, Hooker's Jour. Bot. 1:
238. 1849; Grevillea 1: 163. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 585.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 192. 1890; Long, Jour.
Agr. Res. 5: 421. pi 41. 1915. Plate 6, fig. 69.

Illustrations: Jour. Agr. Res. 5: pi. 41-

Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb.

Fructifications thick, corky, drying rigid, very hard, resupi-
nate oreffuso-renexed, sometimes laterally confluent and attached
by the umbos, with upper surface concentrically sulcate, some-
what zonate, tomentose, cinnamon-brown, the margin entire;
hymenium even, light buff; in structure 800-1200 m thick, with
the intermediate layer bordered and
connected with the tomentum by a
denser and darker crust and bearing
on the opposite side a hymenial
layer which becomes multizonate;
hyphae of intermediate layer col-
ored, thick-walled, stiff, 3-3J m in
diameter, densely and longitudi-
nally arranged; cystidia incrusted,
cylindric, 30-36 X 7 n, becoming col-
ored where buried in older zones of
the hymenium, at first sometimes
slightly aculeate ; spores hyaline,
even, 4-5 X 3 n.

Fructifications with reflexed por-
tion 1-6 cm. broad.

T>«„~~,,,*«i 1 £ i Fig. 40. S. subpileatum. Sec-

Perennial on logs of several ,• * *o u • u n-i^

& tion X 68; hymenium, h, crust-like

Species Of Quercus Causing a pock- zone, z, cystidia of type, c, X 488.

[Vol. 7
214 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

eted or honeycomb heart rot. North Carolina and Ohio to
Mexico, and in Cuba.

In general aspect S. subpileatum is not distinguishable from
S. sepium and S. insigne; it is more commonly met with than
these latter species and with them occurs on oak logs, is also
tobacco-colored and sulcate above and has a whitish hymenium
which differs from the other species of this group by containing
cylindric, incrusted cystidia and only very rarely an occasional
paraphysis with its outer portion of bottle-brush or aculeate
form. Usually such paraphyses are not found in preparations
of the hymenium of this species. Occasionally preparations
may show young cystidia which are merely rough above or some-
what aculeate. One must not confuse S. subpileatum with the
other species which have numerous and conspicuous bottle-
brush paraphyses.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 917; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 219;

Ravenel, Fungi Car. i: 30; Smith, Cent. Am. Fungi, 146.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, ^183.
South Carolina: Santee, H. W. Ravenel, type (in Curtis Herb.,

1007); Society Hill (in Curtis Herb., 1062).
Georgia: Vienna, C. J.Humphrey, 5228.
Florida: W. W. Calkins (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., Burt Herb.,

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56759),

and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 917.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker (in Burt Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5110); Montgomery Co., R. P.

Burke, 81 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17137).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois.
Ohio: A. P. Morgan (in Lloyd Herb., 2607).
Kentucky: Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd, 2798.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 550; Marianna, H. von

Schrenk (in Burt Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42837);

Wicks, L. 0. Overholts, 8161 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5713).
Arkansas: W. H. Long, 12708, 18502 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44160, 44161).
Texas: Jasper, E. R. Hodson, 325, comm. by P. L. Ricker.
Mexico: Jalapa, C. L. Smith, in Smith, Cent. Am. Fungi, 146.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

215

Cuba : C. Wright, 51 5, the S. scytale of Fungi Cubenses but not
according to the type (in Curtis Herb.).

70. S. sepium Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 70.

Type in Burt Herb.

Fructification corky, drying rigid, hard, resupinate, becoming
broadly reflexed, with the upper surface concentrically sulcate,
somewhat zonate, tomentose, sepia,
the margin paler and entire; hyme-
nium even, not shining, between light
buff and avellaneous; in structure
600-1500 fx thick — up to 3 mm. thick
in resupinate portion of Mexican
specimens — , with the intermediate
layer bordered and connected with
the tomentum by a denser and
darker zone and bearing on the op-
posite side a hymenial layer which
becomes multizonate; hyphae of
intermediate layer colored, thick-
walled, densely and horizontally ar-
ranged, 3-3| m in diameter; cystidia
incrusted, cylindric, 25-35X7/*, be-
coming colored where buried in the deeper zones of the hyme-
nium; paraphyses of bottle-brush or aculeate form, numerous and
conspicuous in the hymenial surface, cylindric, 12-25 X 3-5 /* ;
spores hyaline, even, 4X2J/z.

Probably resupinate over large areas, for fragments fractured
on three sides are 6 cm. square; reflexed margin 2-4 cm. long,
6 cm. wide.

Under side of rotten logs of frondose species. Pennsylvania
to Mexico and Colombia. Collected from July to December
but probably perennial.

The few collections of S. sepium which have been observed
have the upper surface of the pileus a little brighter colored than
that of S. subpileatum and the hymenium more avellaneous, but
I cannot certainly separate the former from the latter except
by the very numerous and conspicuous bottle-brush paraphyses
which are present, in addition to cystidia, in the hymenium of

Fig. 41. S. sepium. Hyme-
nium of type X 665, showing
cystidia, c, and bottle-brush
paraphyses, p.

[Vol. 7
216 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. septum. The specimens of Mexican collections cited below
have larger size than those from the United States.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1205, under the name Stereum

subpileatum.
Pennsylvania: West Chester, Everhart & Haines, in Ellis, N.

Am. Fungi, 1205.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson.
South Carolina: Clemson College, P. H. Rolfs, 1632.
Georgia: Vienna, C. J. Humphrey, 5229, type.
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 117, 188, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11011,

54445), and 39 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56760).
Colombia: Bonda, C. F. Baker, 24, in Plants of Santa Marta,

Colombia, under the name Stereum illudens.

71. S. albobadium (Schw.) Fries, Epicr. 551. 1838; Mor-
gan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour, io: 195. 1888; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 579. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 194.
1890. Plate 6, fig. 71.

Thelephora albobadia Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. 1: 108. 1822 (in C. Corticia); Am. Phil. Soc. Trans.
N. S. 4:167. 1832; Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 189. 1828.—
T. albo-marginata Schweinitz in Berkeley, Hooker's London
Jour. Bot. 6: 324. 1847; Lea's Cat. Plants Cincinnati, 66.
1849; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 539. 1888.— Peniophora albo-
marginata (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 144.
1889. — Stereum bizonatum Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 163.
1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 582. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 178. 1890. — S. Coffearum Berkeley & Curtis, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 332. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 576. 1888.
— Hymenochaete paupercula Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 334. 1868. — Peniophora paupercula (Berk. & Curtis)
Cooke, Grevillea 8: 150. 1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 645. 1888.

Type: I was unable to find the type in Herb. Schweinitz,
although it was studied by Berkeley & Curtis, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila. Jour. 3: 221. 1856.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, at first resupinate, orbicular,

1920]

BUKT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 217

becoming confluent, sometimes becoming narrowly reflexed,
with the upper surface villose, varying from buffy brown to
Natal-brown, becoming somewhat zonate when reflexed about
5 mm., the margin entire and
usually whitish; hymenium even,
somewhat velvety, bister or snuff-
brown, becoming light drab and
somewhat pruinose with age; in
structure about 500 n thick, the
intermediate layer with a darker
zone on its upper side and com-
posed of loosely, longitudinally

„ j^tuai i ju u Fig. 42. S. albobadium. Section

arranged, slightly colored hyphae 0 * ,. ,. ,

° . ' . J J \ X 90; cystidium, c, paraphyses, p,

3-3f m m diameter; hymenium and spores, s, x 665.
30-45 m thick, not zonate, having

incrusted cystidia 30-45X8-15 y. all confined to the single-
layered hymenium, protruding up to 25 fi; branched, filiform
paraphyses 2 n in diameter, becoming colored, are present also
in the hymenium, basidia simple, 4-spored; spores white in
spore collection, even, flattened on one side, 6-11 X3-4J ju.

Fructifications 5-10 mm. in diameter, becoming confluent
over areas 1-2 cm. wide and 3 to many cm. long, and reflexed
2-5 mm.

On dead frondose wood and fallen limbs. New York to
Mexico and westward to Idaho and Arizona, in the West Indies,
and reported from Brazil. Throughout the year. Common.

S. albobadium may usually be recognized by its brown, velvety
hymenium with a white border; with age the hymenium tends
to become more uniformly light drab or pruinose, but some
small fructifications in the vicinity are likely to show the original
color contrasts. This species has a wide geographic range and is
somewhat variable in coloration but is very constant in micro-
scopic structure; the branched, colored paraphyses are highly
distinctive.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3688, 4784; Ellis, N. Am.
Fungi, 15; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 221, 449; Ravenel, Fungi
Car. i : 29.
New York: Grand View, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

[Vol. 7
218 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Herb., 43009) ; Orient, R. Latham (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
16267).

New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 15.

Maryland: Plummers Island, C. L. Shear, 1276, 1277; Seven
Locks, P. L. Richer, 1007; Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1118,
1126.

District of Columbia: Washington, C. L. Shear, 1263-1265, 1402.

Virginia: Arlington Cemetery, W. H. Long, 12978 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55104).

North Carolina: Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 3849 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56672).

South Carolina: Curtis Herb., 1924, type of Stereum bizonatum
(in Kew Herb.); Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. i: 29;
Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 449; Clem-
son College, P. H. Rolfs, 1637; Society Hill, under the
name T. albo-marginata (in Curtis Herb.).

Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,
4784; Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 221.

Florida: New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd, 2089, 2104, 2132.

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56764), F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5055,
56765, 56772), C. R. Hudson (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55568); McGeher (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56766), and L. M.
Underwood, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.; Fayette Co.,
P. V. Siggers, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 16 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 14849); Mobile, E. Bartholomew, 5752 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44257); Montgomery, R. P. Burke,
5, 29 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20914, 17071).

Mississippi: Ocean Springs, F. S. Earle, 181 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44311).

Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois.

Texas: Paris, C. L. Shear, 1234; Quitman, W. H. Long, 18448,
12081 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55105,55131); San Anto-
nio, H. von Schrenk, also W. H. Long, 21217 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 42577 and 55131 respectively).

Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 189, 594 (in Lloyd Herb.); College Hill, C.
G. Lloyd, P; Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, 2810.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 219

Missouri: Meramec, P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5017); Perryville, L. 0. Overholts& R. A. Studhalter, comm.

by L. O. Overholts, 2723 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44293);

Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54861, 56768).
Kansas: Rooks Co., E. Bartholomew (in Burt Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5054); Stockton, E. Bartholomew, in

Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3688.
Idaho: Bonner's Ferry, J. R. Weir, 592 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 36746).
Arizona: Phoenix, W. H. Long, 19030 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55106).
New Mexico: Cienega Springs, W. H. Long, 21525 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55155); Tyom Experiment Station, W. H.

Long, 21364, 21408 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55107, 55108) ;

Tejano Experiment Station, W. H. Long, 21889, 21897,

21902 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55165-55167).
Bermuda: S. Brown, N. L. Britton, & F. J. Seaver, 1244 (in.

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56273).
Cuba: C. Wright, 247, type of Stereum Coffearum (in Curtis

Herb.), 'and 542, type of Hymenochaete paupercula (in

Curtis Herb.), and C. G. Lloyd, 423 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55159); Alto Cedro, L. M. Underwood & F. S.

Earle, 1492, 1590, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;

La Gloria, Camaguey, J. A. Shafer, 740 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56770); Managua,

Earle & Murrill, 11, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;

Omaja, C. J. Humphrey, 2746 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14385); San Diego de los Bafios, Earle & Murrill, 281, 302,

316, 353, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 2424, 6272 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 3607, 55090).
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 301, 309, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54432,

54483); Motzorongo, Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 992,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54597); Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 760, 761,

766, 769, 774, 779, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54627, 54631, 54628, 54629, 54610,

220

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

54645); Tepeite Valley, Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L.
Murrill, 408, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 54544); Xuchiles, Cordoba, W. A, &
E. L. Murrill, 1209, 1210, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54598, 54599).

72. S. heterosporum Burt, n. sp. Plate 6, fig. 72.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, thin, resupinate, orbicular, becom-
ing confluent, sometimes reflexed, with the upper surface villose,
bister, somewhat concentrically sulcate and zonate, the margin
entire, whitish ; hymenium even, somewhat velvety, bister, becom-
ing light drab and somewhat pruinose in the center with age ; in
structure 300-500 11 thick, the intermediate layer with a darker
zone on its upper side and composed of loosely and longitudinally
arranged, slightly colored hyphae 3-3 \ /x in diameter, many of

^ c

Fig. 43. S. heterosporum. Section X 90; hyaline cystidium, c, colored cystidium,
c', hyaline spores, s, colored spores $', X 665.

which curve into the hymenium and often become there as dark-
colored as conducting organs and sometimes incrusted; hyme-
nium 70-120 n thick, becoming more or less zonate, with cystidia
incrusted starting from all parts of the layer, 30-35X6-7 \i,
protruding up to 15 /*, often colored under the incrustation in
the deeper layers of the hymenium; paraphyses filiform, 2 /x
in diameter, branched, numerous at the surface of the hymenium;
basidiospores hyaline, even, 8-9 X3J /x, borne 4 to a basidium;
ochraceous spores of the same form and dimensions as the
basidiospores often occur copiously imbedded throughout the
hymenium.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 221

Fructifications 5-10 mm. in diameter, becoming confluent
over areas 1-2 cm. wide and up to 12 cm. long, and reflexed 2-7
mm.

On wood and in crevices of the bark of dead limbs and logs of
Eucalyptus, oak, pecan, and other frondose species. Oregon to
Mexico. September to April.

Resupinate specimens of S. heterosporum are not distinguish-
able in aspect from the darkest colored specimens of S. alboba-
dium; all specimens of the former which have been seen so far
have been bister or seal-brown, which is also the color of the
upper side of the pileus. Mature specimens of S. hetero-
sporum differ from those of S. albobadium in the much thicker
zonate hymenium which has cystidia in all parts of this layer
and many wholly buried below the surface ; the deeper region of
the hymenium is dark-colored in the type because of the abun-
dance of dark-colored hyphal ends which are occasionally in-
crusted, and colored imbedded spores are as numerous as in
Stereum rugisporum, which has nearly the same geographic
range. I have not found colored imbedded spores in the collec-
tion distributed in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1116, which I refer to
S. heterosporum on account of other distinctive characters of this
species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1116, under the name Stereum

albobadium.
Oregon: Portland, C. J. Humphrey, 6125.
California: Berkeley, C. J. Humphrey, 5981; Campo Mts.,
C. R. Orcutt, 2007, 2008, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.;
Compton, A. J. McClatchie, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1116,
and (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56769); Claremont, D. L. Crawford, 1513,
comm. by L. 0. Overholts, 3325 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
21688) ; Santa Cruz, Dr. Anderson, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Arizona: Coronado National Forest, G. G. Hedgcock & W. H.
Long, comm. by C. G. Humphrey, 2562, 2563 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 13070, 12811).
Mexico: Parral, Chihuahua, E. 0. Matthews, 3, and 27, type
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44282, 44420, 44106); Rosario,
E. 0. Matthews (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44110).

[Vol. 7
222 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

73. S. versiforme Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 164. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 580. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 193. 1890. Plate 6, fig. 73.

Peniophora Ellisii Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 144.
1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 237. 1891. — An Thelephora obscura
Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1: 146. 1822 (in **** Corticium)? See
Peniophora obscura (Pers.) Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti
111.3:113. 1897.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications at first thin, effused, resupinate, adnate,
orbicular, becoming confluent, finally thickening, cracking, and

becoming narrowly reflexed and some-
what complicate and curling away from
the substratum, the upper side uneven,
plicate, somewhat fuscous or blackish;
hymenium velvety, Prout's brown to
bister, somewhat papillate; in structure
200-400 /z thick, composed of densely ar-
ranged, ascending and interwoven hyphae,
some of which are colored; hymenium
usually simple but sometimes with one or
two additional zones in some places, con-
ig. . . versijorme. Gaining heavily incrusted, cylindric cysti-

Cystidium, c, and para- ° J J J J

physes, p, x 665. dia 45-75X12-24 /*, starting in various

parts of the hymenium and subhyme-
nium, wholly buried below the surface of the hymenium or
emerging up to 15 /*; hy menial surface velvety, with very
numerous colored paraphyses with bushy-branched tips; spores
hyaline, even, curved, 5-7X2-3 m-

Fructifications 2-10 mm. in diameter, confluent over areas up
to 7X1-2 cm.; margin reflexed about 1 mm. usually, rarely up to
2 mm.

On the bark of dead limbs of oak, chestnut, birch, and other
frondose species. Canada to Alabama and westward to Iowa
and Arkansas. July to February. Common.

S. versiforme is distinct among the Stereums by its Prout's
brown, velvety, or at least dull, hymenium, barely reflexed
margin, and colored, bushy-branched paraphyses, among which
are scattered large, incrusted cystidia. The presence of these

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 223

paraphyses, the location of the cystidia in the hy menial side of
the fructification, and the velvety surface sharply separate
wholly resupinate specimens of S. versiforme from brownish
colored forms of Peniophora cinerea.

Peniophora obscura (Pers.) Bresadola, according to specimen
collected in Hungary, communicated to me by Bresadola and
compared by him with an authentic specimen of Persoon, is
strikingly similar to very young and wholly resupinate specimens
of Stereum versiforme. There is no European record that P,
obscura ever has been observed reflexed or has shown any ten-
dency to become reflexed. In America, S. versiforme is wholly
resupinate only when very young and soon thickens, becomes
more or less reflexed, and in well-developed specimens such as
that cited below, collected by Underwood at White Plains, N. Y.,
has but little in common with P. obscura. For these reasons I
believe that the name Stereum versiforme should be applied to
American specimens until Europeans find their Peniophora
obscura in a reflexed stage identical in its characters with S.
versiforme.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 606, under the name Stereum

papyrinum; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3209; Ell. & Ev.,

Fungi Col., 611; de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 307.
Canada: J. Macoun, 8 in part, 70; on peach tree, J. H. Fault

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55561).
Quebec: Hylmer, J. Macoun, 229.
Ontario: York Mills, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 322 in

part (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44933).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55586).
Vermont: Ripton, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Arlington Heights, E. A. Burt; Sharon, A. P.

D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55231); Waverly, A. B. Seymour, T 15 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 18098).

New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1139, 1304, 1328; East Galway,

E. A. Burt; Grand View, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 42807); Ithaca, Van Hook, comm. by G. F. Atkin-
son, 8217; Karner, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

[Vol. 7
224 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54354, 54366); White Plains,

L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5031).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, and

in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 606, Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3209,

Fungi Col., 611, and de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 307.
Pennsylvania: Michener, type (in Curtis Herb., 4265, and in

Kew Herb.); Bethlehem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz,

under the name Thelephora amphibola of Schw., Syn. N.

Am. Fungi, No. 726, but not of Fries); Carbondale, E. A.

Burt, two collections; State College, C. R. Orion & L. 0.

Overholts, comm. by L. O. Overholts, 2661 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 11419); Trexlertown, W. Herbst, IJ+.
Maryland: Glen Sligo, C. L. Shear, 1050, 1095; Hyattsville,

F. L. Scribner, 90, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.;

Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1020, 1336.
Virginia: Fairfax, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.; Woodstock,

C. L. Shear, 1196.
South Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz, under

the name Thelephora bufonia of Schw., Syn. N. Am. Fungi,

No. 725, but probably not T. bufonia Pers., which is too

imperfectly known for recognition in Europe); Summer-

ville, C. L. Shear, 1227.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56785, 56786), and F. S. Earle &

C. F. Baker (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56787, 56788).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 21 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 9808), and Abrams (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56789).
Iowa: Woodbine, C. J. Humphrey & C. W. Edgerton, comm.

by C. J. Humphrey, 6518 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20624).
Missouri: Concordia, C. H. Demetrio (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5030); Oran, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

42887); St. Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

8725); Williamsville, B. M. Duggar, 478, 481.
Arkansas: Bigflat, W. H. Long, 19783, 19898 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5921, 9138) ; Cass, W. H. Long, 19800, 19827 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 8636, 8886); Womble, W. H. Longt

19201

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

225

S2

Fig. 45. S. insiQne. Sec-
tion of hymenium of authen-
tic specimen X 665; bottle-
brush paraphyses, p.

19768, 19873, 19881 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9143, 8964,
5920).

74. S. insigne Bresadola, Nuov. Gior. Bot. Ital. 23: 158.
1891; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 222. 1891. Plate 6, fig. 74.

Type: authentic specimen, probably part of the type, in Burt lr#***
Herb. I ^J^

Fructification corky, drying rigid, hard, effuso-reflexed, the ^st/**'

upper surface concentrically sulcate, somewhat zonate, tomen-V' J^Ld.
tose, snuff-brown to bister, the recent
growth at the margin paler; hymenium
even, pinkish buff to drab-gray and
pruinose; in structure 1500 ju thick,
with the intermediate layer bordered
and connected with the tomentum by
a darker and denser zone and bearing
on the opposite side a multizonate
hymenium ; hyphae of the intermediate
layer colored, thick-walled, densely
and longitudinally arranged, 3^ m in
diameter; no cystidia; paraphyses of

bottle-brush or aculeate form, numerous and conspicuous in the
hymenial surface, cylindric, 25-30 X4-4J m; spores published by
Bresadola as hyaline, even, 4-6X3-3 J ju — none found by me.

Reflexed l|-4 cm., laterally confluent for 9 cm. in the Florida
specimen.

On oak logs. Florida, Venezuela, and Italy. February. Rare.

This species belongs in the group with S. subpileatum and S.
sepium and is not distinguishable in general aspect from these
species, but its hymenium contains numerous and conspicuous
bottle-brush paraphyses and no cystidia, while both of the other
species named have cystidia. The Venezuelan specimen cited
below was determined by Berkeley as Stereum illudens, from
which it appears distinct, for while the type of S. illudens, in
Kew Herbarium, collected by Drummond, 158, Swan River,
Australia, has bottle-brush paraphyses for its hymenial surface,
it has in its subhymenium elongated, cylindric, thick-walled
organs 6 11 in diameter, up to 100 n long, a little darker colored
than the surrounding hyphae and curving outward into the
deeper portion of the hymenium, which is not zonate.
10

226

[Vol. 7

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Italy: Florence, Martelli, comm. by G. Bresadola.
Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4846.
^ut^i, Venezuela: Fendler, 177 (in Curtis Herb.).

75. S. durum Burt, n. sp. /^, S- *•***»*■ Plate 6, fig. 75.
Type: in Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 147, copy in Mo. Bot.
^a****"'*Qard. Herb.

Fructification very hard, orbicular, attached by the center,
free or reflexed all around, concentrically sulcate, fuscous to

bone-brown, with a horn-like crust,
becoming somewhat shining; hyme-
nium even, not shining, between pale
drab-gray and tilleul-buff, somewhat
pruinose; in structure 2-3 mm. thick,
hazel throughout, and multizonate or
stratose, containing many scattered
crystals, hyphae 3§-4 n in diameter;
paraphyses of bottle-brush or aculeate
form, numerous *and conspicuous in
the hymenial surface, cylindric, 12-15
X4-5 fi; no cystidia; no spores found.
^Fructification 3 cm. in diameter,
reflexed 1 cm.
pft On dead wood. Mexico.
|f#. durum is much thicker, harder,
and more rigid than S. insigne and
not tomentose. The microscopic structure agrees exactly with
that of preparations from an authentic specimen in Kew
Herbarium of Stereum annosum, No. 99, collected at Neil-
gherries, Ceylon, and should be compared with the latter
when better known. For the present the development of a
pileus by S. durum, with characters as stated, is reason for
regarding this species as distinct from S. annosum, a resupinate
species of the other side of the world.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Smith, Central Am. Fungi, 147, under the name

Stereum ferreum.
Mexico: Jalapa, C. L. Smith, type, in Smith, Central Am. Fungi,
147.

Fig. 46. S. durum. Section
of hymenial region of type X
90; bottle-brush paraphyses, p,
X 665.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII

227

76. S. frustulosum (Pers.) Fries, Epicr. 552. 1838; Hym. Eur.
643. 1874; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 196.
1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 572. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 199. 1890. Plate 6, fig. 76.

Thelephora frustulosa Persoon, Syn. Fung. 577. 1801 ; Myc.
Eur. 1: 134. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 445. 1821.— Thele-
phora perdix Hartig, Zersetzung. des Holzes, 103-108. pi. 13.
1878.

Illustrations: Cooke, Fung. Pests, pi. 20. f. 20; Hartig, loc.
cit.; Massee, Dis. Cult. Plants, 397. text f. 124; Tubeuf, Dis.
of Plants, 35. text f.ll, and 430. text f. 260, 261 .

Fructifications woody, resupinate, tuberculose, crowded as if
confluent and then broken up into frustules, sometimes grown
outward from place of attachment and narrowly reflexed or
with a free margin all around, the upper side black, crust-like,

Fig. 47. S. frustulosum. Section X 45; bottle-brush paraphyses, p, X 665.

concentrically sulcate, glabrous; hymenium convex, pinkish
buff to whitish and pruinose; in structure 800 n or more thick,
with hyphae densely arranged, radiating outward from the
place of attachment and bearing a multizonate hymenium in
which are great numbers of bottle-brush or aculeate paraphyses;
spores hyaline, even, 5-6X3-3^ fx.

Fructifications 2-A mm. in diameter; margin reflexed 3 mm.
in the best developed specimen known to me.

On wood of oak logs and stumps in which it causes a pocketed
or honey-comb rot. Canada to Texas and westward to Oregon,
in Mexico and in Europe.

S. frustulosum may be recognized by its occurrence in small
convex fructifications of woody consistency, crowded together

[Vol. 7
228 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

on the under side of dry and hard oak wood or on the sides of
stumps. On the sides of stumps it may sometimes be found
reflexed. The bottle-brush paraphyses and many-zoned hy-
menium are good structural characters for confirmation of the
determination.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 1881, 4587; Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 106; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 7; Ravenel, Fungi Car.

2: 34; de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 308.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 28; Upsala, E. P. Fries (in Curtis

Herb.).
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 13935, comm. by H. Bourdot,

26649.
Ontario: Carleton Place, J. Macoun, 421 (in Macoun Herb.).
Vermont: Grand View Mt., E. A. Burt, three collections.
Massachusetts: Dedham, Hanna; Wellesley, L. W. Riddle, 14.
New York: Glasco, P. Wilson, 50 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54763); Ithaca, W. C. Muenscher, 144 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56601); Palisades, P. Wilson, 62 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54761).
New Jersey: Alpine, P. Wilson, 8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54764); Englewood, P. Wilson, 60 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54762); Hackensack Swamp, W. H. Ballou (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56599); Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in

Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 106, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 7, and de

Thumen, Myc. Univ., 308.
Pennsylvania: Kittanning, D. R. Sumstine.
Maryland: Hyattsville, F. L. Scribner (in U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb.).
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 34;

Clemson College, P.H. Rolfs, 1621, 1630, 1638.
Florida: Tallahassee, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi

Col., 4587.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5079); Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 27 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 17875).
Louisiana: A. B. Langlois.
Texas: Denton, W. H. Long, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 1881;

Galveston, H. W. Ravenel, 36, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 229

Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 185 (in Lloyd Herb.); Loveland, D. L. James

(in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).
West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1180.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 1685.
Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, Miss A. 0. Stucki, SO; Madison, W.

Trelease, 83 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44105).
Iowa: Webster Co., 0. M. Oleson, 450 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44062).
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 44$; Creve Coeur, P.

Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44103), and E. A.

Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 7861); St. Louis, Miss C.

Rumbold; Valley Park, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44058, 44063).
Nebraska: Saltillo, C. L. Shear, 1051.
Kansas: Bourbon Co., A. O. Garrett, 125.
Oregon: Portland, /. R. Weir, 597 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

36747).
Mexico: Tepeite Valley, Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,

411 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54545).
U. S. Northern Pacific Expl. Exp.: Ousmia, C. Wright, comm.

by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.

77. S. roseo-carneum (Schw.) Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal. Actis
III. 1: 112. 1851. Plate 6, fig. 77.

Thelephora roseo-carnea Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. 1: 107. 1822 (under C. Corticia). — T. anthochroa Schwei-
nitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S.4: 168. 1832, but not T. anthoch-
roa of European authors. — Corticium lilacino-fuscum Berkeley &
Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 180. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 621. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 143. 1890. — Stereum lilacino-
fuscum (Berk. & Curtis) Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Letter 68:8.
1919. — S. sendaiense Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Myc. Notes 48: 680.
textf. 1015. 1917. — Corticium subrepandum Berkeley & Cooke,
Grevillea 6: 81. 1878; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 608. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 119. 1890.

Illustrations: Lloyd, loc. cit.

Type: in Herb. Schweinitz, under the name Thelephora
anthochroa.

Fructifications coriaceous-soft, thin, usually resupinate, effused,

(Vol. 7
230 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

becoming confluent, sometimes with margin barely free, rarely
distinctly reflexed, with the upper surface tomentose, light buff
to pinkish buff, the margin entire; hymenium even, cracking in
a tessellated manner, not shining, light vinaceous purple when
young, gradually changing to avellaneous when mature; in

structure 250-300 /x thick, composed
of somewhat longitudinally and
loosely interwoven, hyaline, thin-
walled, nodose-septate hyphae 2§-3
fx in diameter, not differentiated into
an intermediate layer with a dark
or dense bordering zone; hymenial
layer simple when young, with very
numerous and conspicuous, filiform
Fig. 48. s. roseo-carneum. Par- paraphyses, colored above and with

aphyses of type p; paraphyses, j/, short.branched tips or bearing short
of collection at Ithaca, and spores, ^ °

s, all x 665. lateral prongs on from 5-20 /i of the

outer portion of the paraphysis, the
paraphyses less conspicuous when basidia appear ; spores white
in spore collection, even, flattened on one side, 6-9X4-5 /*,
borne 4 to a basidium on simple basidia.

At first forming little fructifications 3-5 X 2 mm., which become
confluent over areas up to 6 X 1^ cm. ; margin becoming free or
reflexed for 1-3 mm.

On fallen limbs of frondose species. Canada to North Caro-
lina and westward to Wisconsin, and in Brazil and Japan.

Since S. roseo-carneum is nearly always resupinate and does
not show in sectional preparations of such specimens a distinct
intermediate layer, its inclusion in the genus Stereum must
trouble beginners. Fortunately it is a species so unique in
structure that it may be determined with confidence. Most
collections are likely to show more or less of the fuscous-lilac
color, which is intense in young stages; the hymenium cracks
and has the aspect of Corticium evolvens in other features than
color, although of different structure; sections of S. roseo-
carneum show in the hymenial surface filiform paraphyses
branched above, as shown in the text figure. Such paraphyses
are present in only one of our Corticiums — Corticium roseum.
It is regrettable that the Schweinitz type was relabeled by Dr.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 231

Michener to conform to the name used by Schweinitz in ' Synopsis
North American Fungi' and the original label removed from the
specimen, but Schweinitz gives in the later publication the name
which he originally used.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 515 and 20, the latter under the

name Corticium incarnatum.
Ontario: London, J. Dearness, D9J/.5 k, reflexed specimen (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14251).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, reflexed specimen;

North Conway, L. 0. Overholts, 5032, 5161— the latter

reflexed (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56348, 56349).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two collections, of which one

is reflexed; Ripton, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: reflexed specimen, comm. by C. H. Peck;

Arlington Heights, reflexed specimen, E. A. Burt; Sharon,

A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
Connecticut: C. Wright, type of Corticium lilacino-fuscum (in

Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb., 5610).
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1001, 1002, 1004, 1072, 1321;

Altamont, reflexed specimen, E. A. Burt; Brookton, W.

C. Muenscher, 215 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56612)

Cayuga Lake basin, G. F. Atkinson, 3022; East Galway,

E. A. Burt; Ithaca, Van Hook, and H. S. Jackson, comm.

by G. F. Atkinson, 8247 and 14396 respectively; North

Elba, C.H. Kauffman,13 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16987).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 2487, type of Corticium

subrepandum (in Kew Herb.), and in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

20, and 515.
Pennsylvania: Spruce Creek, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb.,

312 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44886); State College, L. 0.

Overholts, 2676 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5946), and L. 0.

Overholts & C. R. Orton, comm. by L. O. Overholts, 5041,

reflexed specimen (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56359).
District of Columbia: Rock Creek, C. L. Shear, 1352; Washing-
ton, T. Pergande (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).
Virginia: Woodstock, C. L. Shear, 786, 788.
North Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz, type, under the name

Thelephora anthochroa (in Herb. Schweinitz).

[Vol. 7
232 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

West Virginia: Fayette Co., L. W. Nuttall, comm. by Lloyd.
Herb.

Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 13.

Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 9, 10.

Wisconsin: Palmyra, Miss A. 0. Stucki, J+8.

Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Hamburgerberg, G. 0. Malme, 75,
comm. by L. Romell, 330.

Japan: A. Yasuda, comm. by C. G. Lloyd (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55214), and part of type of Stereum sendaiense (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55448); Sendai, A. Yasuda, reflexed
specimen (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56247).

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN

Thelephora aculeata Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea i: 149. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 523. 1888.

The type was collected on the ground in Santee Swamp, South
Carolina, in June. I had compared with the type a collection
made by Professor P. H. Rolfs, on the ground, Clemson Col-
lege, South Carolina, on June 18, and found this collection so
similar to the type in aspect, although smaller, that I referred
this specimen to Thelephora aculeata. I had not been able to
demonstrate basidia for the type nor for the Rolfs specimen;
now while working out the detailed structure of the latter speci-
men for publication, I find globose, longitudinally septate
basidia 9 n in diameter, and hyaline, even spores up to 9X4J-5 /*.
It seems probable that when there is opportunity to examine the
type again it may be found to have similar basidia and belong in
Tremellodendron.

Stereum arenicolum Berkeley in Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27:201. 1890.

"Resupinatum, effusum, crassum, rigidum, subtus tomento
ferrugineo molli vestitum; hymenio levi, glabro fusco-purpu-
rascente; sporae ellipsoideae, 7X4-5 ju (Berk, in Herb. n. 3822).

"On sand under trees, Vera Cruz.

"Rigid, thick, 2-3 inches across, attached to the sand and
probably decayed wood by a dense ferrugineous tomentum;
margin sometimes slightly upraised; substance pale cinnamon."

The above should be compared with S. crassum.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 233

Stereum cuneatum Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter 54: 7. 1916.

"Pileus cuneate, tapering to the base (2 cm. high), cut into
a few fimbriate segments. Surface pale, smooth. Hymenium
unilateral, pale yellow (honey yellow of Ridgway), smooth.
Cystidia none. Spores globose, 3f-4 mic, hyaline, smooth.
The plant grows densely caespitose in the earth, from a common
mycelial base. It belongs in Section 7 of my recent pamphlet
on Stipitate Stereums." Florida.

Perhaps the above is S. Burtianum or S. tenerrimum.

Stereum cupulatum Patouillard in Duss, Fl. Crypt. Antilles
Fr. 233. 1904.

Scattered or close together, orbicular, from resupinate
becoming cup-shaped, attached by a dorsal point, coriaceous,
rigid, hard; external face glabrous, not zonate, brown, the
margin entire or sinuate, acute; hymenium pruinose, even,
concave, dull cinereous, reddish towards the border; trama
compact, brown-umber; spores cylindric-ovoid, colorless, 6X3 n;
no cystidia.

Fructifications 6-8 mm. in diameter.

On bark of Prunus Dussii. — Forest of Buins-Jaunes. Duss,
212.

The above is a translation of the original description; the
species seems to be very near, if at all distinct from, Stereum
vibrans, which Patouillard did not recognize among the species
of Guadeloupe.

Stereum fragile Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 16: 179.
1900; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 187. 1902.

Fructification resupinate at first, becoming dimidiate, orbic-
ular, rigid, hard, more or less incised at first, the margin erect
and acute; upper surface plane, ochraceous russet, tomentose,
with some reddish and nearly glabrous concentric zones; trama
1 mm. thick, whitish, compact; hymenium plane, livid, becom-
ing purplish; cystidia abundant, fusoid, not colored, thin-walled,
40X10 /x.

On decaying wood. Guadeloupe.

This fungus is very fragile and divides radially with great
ease. Its aspect is like that of S.fasciatum, S. lobatum, etc., but

[Vol. 7
234 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

it is easily distinguished by the violaceous tint of the hymenium.
I have not seen authentic specimens of S. fragile, but from the
foregoing translation of the original description, it seems very
probable that S. fragile may prove a synonym of S. albobadium,
a species common in the West Indies but not recognized by
Patouillard among the species of Guadeloupe.

Stereum fimbriatum Ellis, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 6 : 133. 1877.

According to the authentic specimen from Ellis to Cooke in
Kew Herb., this is a whitish, flaxy mass having no hymenium
and quite indeterminable.

Stereum Galeottii Berkeley, Hooker's Jour. Bot. 3: 15. 1851;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 574. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 176. 1890.

"Umbonato-sessile, parvum, convexum, rigidum; pileo cer-
vino velutino-tomentoso crebrissime badio-zonati; zonis hie illic
glabris nitentibus; hymenio cinereo-alutaceo. Galeotti, No.
6853.

"Hab. Caripi, Spruce; Vera Cruz, Galeotti; Xalapa, Mr.
Harries.

"Pileus 1£ inch broad, 1 inch long, subflabelliform, umbonato-
sessile, mostly convex above, slightly undulated, thin but rigid,
fawn-colored, clothed with velvety down; repeatedly zoned;
zones mostly very close and narrow, frequently forming bay-
brown, smooth and shining, alternating with paler fasciae.
Hymenium tan-colored with a cinereous tinge.

"Undoubtedly nearly allied to Stereum lobatum, Kze, but a
much smaller and neater species."

The type of the above should be compared with Stereum
versicolor.

Stereum griseum Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. 1: 106. 1822 (under B. Sterea of Thelephora); Fries,
Elenchus Fung. 1 : 179. 1828. — Stereum porrectum Fries, Epicr.
548. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 579. 1888.

I have been unable to find any Schweinitzian specimen of this
species. It seems probable that the description was based on
the old stage of Stereum fasciatum in which the attachment is by

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 235

umbo prolonged into stem-like form. Such fructifications occur
rarely and are perplexing if not gathered in the same collection
with the usual sessile fructifications.

S. ochroleucum Fries, Hym. Eur. 639. 1874; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 562. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 184.
1890.

Corticium ochroleucum Fries, Epicr. 557. 1838. — Not Stereum
ochroleucum Bres. Ann. Myc. 1: 91. 1903, nor Brinkmann,
Westfalische Pilze, 49.

Type: authentic specimen in Kew Herb.

This species does not occur in North America and adjacent
regions although reported from time to time from United States,
Cuba, and Venezuela. Since I have not received under any
name specimens of the true Stereum ochroleucum from European
correspondents, this species is probably rare in Europe, and it
may help toward recognition of the species to call attention to
the specimen in Kew Herbarium.

The specimen is labelled:

" Corticium ochroleucum Fr.
Svex. Westm.
Maji — leg. Lbd."

This specimen agrees well with the original description; its
reflexed portion is If cm. broad, about 1-1 1/5 mm. thick as the
sections show in my preparation; the consistency is soft in com-
parison with S. hirsutum and the hyphae about 2\ mm. in
diameter, granule-incrusted, and interwoven throughout the
thickness of the pileus rather than parallel and longitudinally
arranged side by side as in S. hirsutum and S. sulphuratum. In
other words there is not the sharply marked intermediate layer
which Fries regarded as an important distinctive character of
the genus Stereum, and this is probably the reason for his orig-
inally regarding this species as a Corticium although broadly
reflexed. There is not present a hardened crust or golden zone
to mark the upper side of the intermediate region, but instead
the hyphae become more loosely arranged toward the surface and
become the hairy covering of that side. No cystidia, gloeo-
cystidia, nor colored conducting organs are present; the spores
are hyaline, even, 4§-5 X 3 /*.

[Voi,. 7
236 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

The American Stereum spumeum has aspect and structure very-
similar to Stereum ochroleucum Fr. but differs by having incrusted
cystidia.

Stereum unicum Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Stip. Stereums, 35.
text f. 556. 1913.

The type is in New York State Museum under the name
Thelephora speciosa unless relabeled to conform to the name
applied by Lloyd. The type bears no basidia yet and is not
determinable as to genus; it was collected in Providence,
Saratoga County, New York, where I have been looking for a
fertile specimen when in the original locality occasionally in the
summer.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Stereum acerinum (Pers.) Fr. is Aleurodiscus acerinus (Pers.)
v. Hohn. & Litsch.

Stereum acerinum var. nivosum Berk. & Curtis is Aleuro-
discus nivosus (B. & C.) v. Hohn. & Litsch.

Stereum calyculus Berk. & Curtis is Craterellus calyculus
(B. & C.) Burt.

Stereum candidum Schweinitz is Aleurodiscus candidus
(Schw.) Burt.

Stereum carolinense Cooke & Ravenel is Sparassis spathu-
latus (Schw.) Fr.

Stereum duriusculum, as determined by Patouillard in Duss,
Fl. Antilles Fr. 232. 1903, is probably Hypochnus pallescens
(Schw.) Burt, a species common in the West Indies.

Stereum Guadelupense Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 15:
201. pi. 10. f. 1. 1899. According to von Hohnel & Lit-
schauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 753. 1907,
this is a Boletus overrun by a Sepedonium.

Stereum Haydeni Berkeley in Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 199. 1890.

The type, in Kew Herbarium, was collected in Ohio; it is
strictly resupinate, has its hyphae loosely interwoven from
hymenium to substratum, and has no characters which justify
its inclusion in Stereum as comprehended in my work. The

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XII 237

hymenium is deteriorated but shows no cystidia; the species
may be sought for in Ohio as a probable Corticium.

Stereum insolitum Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 5. Myc. Notes 47: 665.
textf. 956. 1917, is a young specimen of Thelephora regularis
Schw.

Through the kindness of Professor McFarland, I have exam-
ined his portion of the original specimen. Most of the spores
attached to the basidia are as published by Lloyd; a few spores
are 6-7X5 m, rough-walled and still hyaline; occasional spores in
a preparation from near the base of the pileus are colored and
tuberculate-irregular.

Stereum Leveillianum Berk. & Curtis is Tremellodendron
Leveillianum (B. & C. )Burt.

Stereum Micheneri Berk. & Curtis is Thelephora albido-
brunnea Schw.

Stereum Mancianus Sacc. & Cub. is Aleurodiscus strumosus
(Ft.) Burt.

Stereum populneum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 47: 145.
1894.

This is known in resupinate form only and should not be
included in Stereum.

Stereum pruinatum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
332. 1868.

This is known in resupinate form only and should not be
included in Stereum.

Stereum scriblitum Berk. & Cooke, Grevillea 7: 102. 1879;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888.

The type collected by Gerard, 171 (in Kew Herb.) was studied.
This is the conidial stroma of Ustilina vulgaris.

Stereum seriatum Berk. & Curtis is Aleurodiscus seriatus
(B. & C.) Burt.

Stereum spongiosum Massee is Thelephora albido-brunnea
Schw.

Stereum strumosum Fries is Aleurodiscus strumosus (Fr.) Burt.

Stereum subcruentatum Berk. & Curtis, Am. Acad. Arts &
Sci. Proc. 4: 123. 1858, is Aleurodiscus subcruentatus (Berk.
& Curtis) Burt, n. comb. ; now included among American spe-
cies, because of collections received from California and Oregon.

[Vol. 7
238 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Stereum triste Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 332.
1868.

This is the conidial stroma of a Pyrenomycete and shows
young perithecia under the stroma in the type in Curtis Herb.
Collection in Kew Herb., C. Wright, 252, has similar structure
but did not show perithecia in my sections.

(To be continued.)

[Vol. 7, 19201
240 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate
plate 2

All figures of plates 2-6 have been reproduced natural size from photographs of
dried herbarium specimens unless otherwise noted.

Fig. 1. Stereum caperatum. Specimen collected at St. Martin ville, La., by A. B.
Langlois.

Fig. 2. S. hydrophorum. Specimen collected at Rio Mato, Venezuela, by M. A.
Carriker.

Fig. 3. S. Ravenelii. Type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 13.

Fig. 4. S. surinamense. Specimen collected at Consuelo, San Domingo, by N.
Taylor, 12.

Fig. 5. S. Burtianum. Specimens collected at Amherst, Mass., by P. J. Anderson.

Fig. 6. S. quisquiliare. From Lloyd's illustration of the type.

Fig. 7. S. aurantiacum. Specimens collected at Port Antonio, Jamaica, by F.
S. Earle.

Figs. 8 and 9. S. diaphanum. Fig. 8 from type of S. diaphanum, and Fig. 9
from type of S. Willeyi.

Fig. 10. S. exiguum. Type.

Fig. 11. S. tenerrimum. Type.

Fig. 12. S. pergamenum. Type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 25.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate 2

BURT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

1. 8TEREUM CAPERATUM.— 2. S. HYDROPHORUM — 3. S. RAVENELII.— 4. S. SURINAMENSE.—

5. S. RURTIANUM.— 6. S. QUISQUILIARE.— 7. S. AURANTIACUM.— 8-9. S. DIAPHANUM— 10. S. EXI-

GUUM.— 11. S. TENERRIMUM— 12. S. PERGAMENUM.

11

Vol. 7, 1920]
242 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate
plate 3

Figs. 13 and 14. S. pallidum. Fig. 13, specimen collected and determined by G.
Bresadola; Fig. 14, specimen collected at Blowing Rock, N. C, by G. F. Atkinson.

Fig. 15. S. elegans. Specimen collected at Mayaguez, Porto Rico, by B. L.
Santiago, 12.

Fig. 234. S. decolorans. Type.

Fig. 16. S. radicans. Specimen collected at Grenada, by W. E. Broadway.

Fig. 17. S. pusiolum. Specimen collected at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, by J. R.
Johnston, 89.

Fig. 18. S. gldbrescens. Specimen collected at Sumidero, Cuba, by J. A. Shafer,
13906.

Fig. 19. S. fissum. Type.

Fig. 20. S. cyphelloides. Type.

Fig. 21. S. Hartmanni. Specimen collected at St. Kitt's, by N. L. Britton &
J. F. Cowell.

Fig. 22. S. craspedium. Specimen collected in Dutch Guiana, by J. Samuels.

Fig. 23. S. petalodes. From C. G. Lloyd's illustration of the type.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate 3

. ^mzm

v

L-ym

BURT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

13-14. STEREUM PALLIDUM.— 15. S. ELEGANS.— 234. S. DECOLORANS.— 16. 8. RADICANS— 17.
S. PUSIOLUM.— 18. S. GLABRESCENS — 19. S. FISSUM— 20. S. CYPHELLOIDES— 21. S. HARTMANNI —

22. S. CRASPEDIUM.— 23. S. PETALODES

IVol. 7, 1920]
244 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate
plate 4

Fig. 24. S. proliferum. Type.

Fig. 25. S. caespitosum. Type.

Fig. 26. S. fuscum. Specimen collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 27. S. rufum. Specimen collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 28. fS. Pint. Specimen collected at Chocorua, N. H., by W. G. Farlow, 37.

Fig. 29. S. purpureum. Specimen collected at North Ferrisburg, Vt., by E. A.
Burt.

Fig. 30. S. rugosiusculum. Specimen collected at Creve Coeur Lake, Mo., by
E. A. Burt.

Figs. 31 and 32. S. Murrayi. Fig 31, old reflexed specimen collected at Grand
View Mt., Vt., and Fig. 32, resupinate specimen collected at Ripton, Vt., both by E.
A. Burt.

Fig. 33. S. saxitas. Type.

Figs. 34 and 35. S. styracifluum. Fig. 34, type; Fig. 35, specimen collected at
Auburn, Ala., by F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker.

Fig. 36. S. gausapatum. Specimen collected at Toronto, Canada, by T. Langton.

Fig. 37. S. australe. Type.

Figs. 38 and 39. S. rugosum. Fig. 38, specimen collected at Ithaca, N. Y. by
G. F. Atkinson; Fig. 39, reflexed specimen collected in Epping Forest, England, by
E. A. Burt.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate 4

BURT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

24. STEREUM PROLIFERUM — 25. S. CAESPITOSUM— 26. S. FUSCUM.— 27. S. RUFUM.— 28. S. PIM
29. S. PURPUREUM.— 30. S. RUGOSIUSCULUM.— 31-32. S. MURRAYI— 33. S. SAXITAS — 34-35. S. BT V-
RACIFLUUM.— 36. S. GAUSAPATUM.— 37. S. AUSTRALE— 38-39. S. RUGOSUM.

[Vol. 7, 1920]
246 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 5

Fig. 40. S. sanguinolentum. Specimen collected in Little Notch, Vt., by E. A.
Burt.

Fig. 41. S. sulphuratum. Specimen collected at Auburn, Ala., comm. by F. S.
Earle.

Fig. 42. S. hirsutwn. Specimen collected at Smugglers Notch, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Figs. 43-45. S. fasciatum. Fig. 43, young effuso-reflexed stage, and Fig. 44, old
stage with attachment by umbos, both collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt;
Fig. 45, specimen collected at Formosa, Japan, by S. Kusano, II. 16.

Fig. 46. S. lobatum. Specimen collected at Lake City, Fla., by P. L. Ricker, 893.

Fig. 47. S. versicolor. From Berkeley's illustration of the type.

Fig. 48. S. rameale. Specimen collected at Arlington, Mass., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 49. S. sericeum. Specimen collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 50. S. pubescens. Type.

Fig. 51. S. conicum. Type.

Fig. 52. S. vibrans. Specimen collected at Rose Hill, Jamaica, by F. S. Earle, 303.

Fig. 53. S. radiatum. Specimen collected at Harraby, Ontario, by E. T. &. S. A.
Harper, 636.

Fig. 54. S. patelliforme. Type.

Fig. 55. S. ochraceo-flavum. Specimen collected at J Albany, N. Y., by H. D.
House.

Fig. 56. S. abietinum. Specimen collected at Smugglers Notch, Vt., by E. A.
Burt.

Fig. 57. S. ambiguum. Specimen collected at Ripton, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Ajtn. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate 5

BURT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

40. STEREUM SANGUINOLENTUM.— 41. S. SULPHURATUM.— 42. S. HIRSUTUM.— 43-45. S. FASCIA-

TUM.— 46. S. LOBATUM.-^7. S. VERSICOLOR.— 48. S. RAMEALE.— 49. S. SERICEUM— 50. S. PUBE-

SCENS.— 51. S. CONICUM.— 52. S. VIBRANS— 53. S. RADIATUM— 54. S. PATELLIFORME— 55. S.

OCHRACEO-FLAVUM.— 56. S. ABIETINUM.— 57. S. AMBIGUUM.

[Vol. 7, 1920]
248 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate

PLATE 6

Fig. 58. S. rugisporum. Specimen collected at Flagstaff, Ariz., by W. H. Long,
21307.

Fig. 59. S. umbrinum. Specimen reflexed on both sides, collected at Valley Park,
Mo., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 60. S. papyrinum. Specimen on under side of a small limb and reflexed on
both sides, collected at Alto Cedro, Cuba, by Underwood & Earle, 1481.

Fig. 61. S. Earlei. Type.

Fig. 62. S. Chailletii. Reflexed specimen collected at Albuquerque, N. M., by
W. H. Long & P. W. Seay, 21313.

Fig. 63. S. ferreum. Reflexed specimen collected at Cinchona, Jamaica, by W.
A. & E. L. Murrill, 458.

Fig. 64. S. cinerascens. Specimens collected at Middlebury, Vt., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 65. S. magnisporum. Type.

Fig. 66. S. spumeum. Specimen collected at Cordoba, Mexico, by W. A. & E. L.
Murrill, 1214.

Fig. 67. S. erumpens. Type.

Fig. 68. S. sulcatum. Type.

Fig. 69. S. subpileatum. Specimen collected at St. Martinville, La., by A. B.
Langlois.

Fig. 70. S. sepium. Type.

Fig. 71. S. albobadium. Specimen collected at Seven Locks, Md., by P. L. Ricker,
1007.

Fig. 72. S. heterosporum. Type.

Fig. 73. S. versiforme. Specimen collected at White Plains, N. Y. by L. M.
Underwood.

Fig. 74. S. insigne. Specimen collected in Florida by C. G. Lloyd, 4846.

Fig. 75. S. durum. Type.

Fig. 76. S. frustulosum. Specimens collected at Creve Coeur, Mo., by E. A. Burt.

Fig. 77. S. roseo-carneum. Specimen collected at Arlington Heights, Mass., by
E. A. Burt.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 7, 1920

Plate G

BURT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

58. STEREUM RUGISPORUM — 59. S. UMBRINUM.— 60. S. PAPYRINUM— 61. S. EARLEL— «2. 8.
CHAILLETII.— 63. S. FERREUM.— 64. S. CINERASCENS.— 65. S. MAGNISPORUM.— 66. 8. SPUMEUM. -
67. S. ERUMPENS.— 68. 8. SULCATUM— 69. S. SUBPILEATUM.— 70. S. SEPIUM— 71. S. ALBOBADIUM.
—72. S. HETEROSPORUM— 73. S. VERSIFORME.— 74. S. INSIGNE.— 75. S. DURUM.— 76. S. FRU8TU-

LOSUM.— 77. S. ROSEO-CARNEUM.

/icicioucir.

• > Udia,

Prot

aceae ol
>riea, XIII

: , '_yym.at6J.la, is
Matruchotia, Microstroi
pora, and Asterostroma

BURT

Preprint

ANNAL8 OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL

11 : L-36. February, 1924

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII1

Cladoderris, Hypolyssus, Cymatella, Skepperia, Cytidia,

Solenia, Matruchotia, Microstroma, Protocoro-

nospora, and asterostroma

EDWARD ANGUS BURT

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden

Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of

Washington University

CLADODERRIS

Cladoderris Persoon in Gaudichaud, Voy. Urania Bot. 176. pi.
l,f.4. 1826 ; Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour. Bot. 1 : 152. 1842 ;
Leveilte, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 213. 1844; Fries, Fungi
Natal. 20, in K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1848; Sacc. Syll.' Fung. 6:
547. 1888; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1 :1**) : 126. 1898;
Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4: Syn. Cladoderris 2. 1913. — Cymatoderma
Junghuhn, Fl. Crypt. Javae. 1838. Translation of description
of the new genera and species by Montagne, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
II. 16: 320. 1841, Cymatoderma being designated as a synonym
of Cladoderris, — Actinostroma Klotzsch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-
Carol. 19: 236. 1843. — Beccariella Cesati, Atti Accad. Sci. Napoli
83: 9. 1879.

Fructification coriaceous, pileate, stipitate or sessile; hymenium
inferior, with radiating or branched folds, ribs, or veins, verrucose
also in some species; basidia simple; spores white, even.

The type species is Cladoderris dendritica.

Issued July 25, 1924.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gakd., Vol. 11, 1924 W

[Vol. 11
2 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

The species of Cladoderris have the same internal structure as
those of Stereum, and the genus is distinguished from the latter
merely by the conspicuously ribbed configuration of the hymenial
surface. The genus is tropical in its geographical distribution,
although one species has been described from England and another
from Florida; the fructifications grow on rotten wood. The
earlier gatherings, consisting of only one or two fructifications
at a time taken by explorers, sometimes had the stem central in
the specimens saved, at other times lateral, and at others, sessile.
Each such gathering was made the basis for a new species and the
species were arranged in the genus in central-stemmed, lateral-
stemmed, or sessile sections. Field observations and more ample
collections by mycologists have reduced many such species to
synonyms and show that the above sections are of little value;
for in Cladoderris, as in the other Thelephoraceae growing on logs,
the inclination of the substratum at the point of attachment
and the position of the substratum as to whether over or under
the fructification are important in determining the habit and
form of the fructification, as already pointed out for Stereum
and Hymenochaete (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 5: 302. 1918).

Key to the Species

Hymenium not at all or but slightly vemicose 1. C. dendritica

Hymenium abundantly verrucose 2. C. floridana

1. Cladoderris dendritica Persoon in Gaudichaud, Voy. Urania
Bot. 176. pi. l,f. 4- 1826 (under Cladoderris of Thelephora);
Leveilte, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 213. 1844; Fries, Fungi
Natal. 22, in K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1848; Berk. & Curtis,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 549.
1888; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4: Syn. Cladoderris 3. text f. 520-523.
1913. Plate 1, fig. 1.

Actinostroma crassum Klotzsch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol.
19 : 237. 1843. — Cladoderris crassa (Klotzsch) Fries, Fungi Natal.
22, in K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1848; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 549.
1888.— C. Candolleana Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 5: 153.
1846; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 549. 1888; Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4:
Syn. Cladoderris 10. 1913.

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 3

Pileus coriaceous, usually flabelliform, drying pinkish buff,
sometimes stained with adhering algae, stipitate or sessile, the
upper surface spongy by the heavy coat of tomentum, the
margin entire or nearly so; hymenium glabrous, marked with
radiating, narrow, branched ribs, usually free from or with few
warts; pileus in structure consisting of an intermediate layer, up
to 150 (a thick, composed of densely longitudinally arranged
hyaline hyphae about 3 [l in diameter, of a very much broader
layer forming the tomentum of the upper surface of the pileus,
and of a hymenial layer containing numerous, flexuous, fusoid
gloeocystidia up to 60 X 8-12 n; basidia simple, with 4 sterigmata;
spores hyaline, even, 3-4 X 3 ^; no cystidia found; stem spongy-
tomentose but often absent.
Pileus about 2-8 cm. in diameter.

On rotten wood. Mexico, West Indies, South America, Philip-
pine Islands, Australia, and the East Indies. The usual species.
Cladoderris infundibuliformis of the Philippines and the East
Indies differs from C. dendritica in having the upper side much
less tomentose, hazel or kaiser-brown in color, radially ridged
and with the ridges radially squamulose, and the hymenium
containing some incrusted cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 775 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 775, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54611).
Cuba: C. Wright, 279 (in Curtis Herb.); Alto Cedro, Earle &
Murrill, 448, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Baracoa,
L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle, 1217, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 1189 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.) ; Fecha, Habana,
Cooke & Home, comm. by Estacion Central Agronomica, 137;
Oriente, /. A, Shafer, 8748 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62171,
and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.); Pinar del Rio Province, Earle
& Murrill, 225, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: on dead cane, Rio Piedras, «/. R. Johnston & J. A.
Stevenson, 1110 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55091).

Jamaica: , 881 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 62172); Castleton Gardens, W. Harris,
128, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, under the herbarium
name Stereum Harrisii Mass.; Moore Town, W. A, & E. L.
Murrill, 186, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

[Vol. 11
4 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Colombia, S. Am. : Cauca River, W. D. Denton, comm. by W.

G. Farlow.
Philippine Islands: Todaya, Mindanao, A. D. E. Elmer, 10747

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 705748).

2. C. floridana Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Letter 47: 15. 1913;
Myc. Writ. 4. Myc. Notes 39: 535. text /. 784. 1915.

Plate 1, fig. 2.

Type: in Lloyd Herb, and in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Pileus coriaceous, cup-shaped, flabelliform or orbicular, drying
tawny olive, spongy tomentose but with the tomentum thinning
out towards the margin and the surface there zonate, short-
stipitate or sessile, the margin thin, entire; hymenium wood-brown,
paler towards the margin, densely, minutely warted, with very
numerous, short, radially elongated ridges not continuous in a
branched system; pileus in structure consisting of an intermediate
layer, about 800 y. broad, composed of interwoven, longitudinally
arranged, hyaline hyphae 2^-4}^ ;x in diameter, of a broad
layer of the tomentum of the upper surface of the pileus, and of
a hymenial layer containing numerous flexuous gloeocystidia up
to 60 X 43^-6 [l; spores hyaline, even, 3 X 2 p; hymenial warts
up to 80 {x high, 100-200 \l in diameter at the base, composed of
a mass of erect, granule-incrusted hyphae; no cystidia found.

Pileus up to 5 cm. in diameter.

On frondose wood. Florida.

The hymenial warts are conspicuous in sections, even though
not appreciably elevated above the hymenial surface, by contents
of localized masses of granule-incrusted hyphae. This incrusting
matter is of different nature from that usually present in the
walls of hyphae, because it dissolves completely when the sections
are treated with dilute potassium hydrate solution; lactic acid
does not destroy the incrusting matter.

Specimens examined:
Florida: Bayard, type, comm. by C. G. Lloyd (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56609).

HYPOLYSSUS

Hypolyssus Persoon, Myc. Eur. 2 : 6. 1825, emend. Berkeley,
Hooker's London Jour. Bot. 1: 139. pi 6,f. 1. 1842; Sacc. Syll.

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 5

Fung. 6: 521. 1888; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1:1**):
127. 1898.

Fructification urn-shaped or top-shaped, hard, corky; hymen-
ium even, lateral.

In adopting the name Hypolyssus and denning it anew, Berke-
ley stated, loc. cit.f * 'As Persoon's genus Hypolyssus is altogether
effete, and its characters are very like those of the plant before
us, I have thought it advisable to restore it."

This genus differs from Craterellus by not having the fructifi-
cations at all fleshy and by their becoming hard when dry.

1. Hypolyssus Montagnei Berkeley, Hooker's London Jour.
Bot. 1: 139. pi 6, f. 1. 1842; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 521. 1888;
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1:1**): 127. text f. 70 E.
1898. Plate 1, fig. 4.

An Hypolyssus foetidus Massee, Jour. Bot. 30 : 197. pi. 325,
f. 3-5. 1892; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 115. 1895?

Type: in Kew Herb, probably.

Fructifications gregarious, dirty white, 1-2 cm. high, hard
when dry, solid, turbinate or urn-shaped, the apex sterile, convex
at first, at length slightly depressed; stem slender, central,
curved, shorter than the pileus when mature; hymenium covering
the outside of the fructification with the exception of the apex,
even or nearly so; spores hyaline, even, 3-4 y. in diameter, none
seen attached to basidia.

Fructifications 1-2 cm. high, 2-7 mm. in diameter.

On rotten wood. Mexico, Central America, Guadeloupe, and
South America to Bolivia. February in Mexico, July in Bolivia.

The fructifications are hard when dry but soften when moist-
ened so that they may be readily sectioned; Craterellus taxophilus
is of somewhat similar form but more fleshy consistency. In all
the specimens cited below the hymenium is too deteriorated to
show the basidia in my preparations. H. foetidus occurs on the
island of St, Vincent in the region of H. Montagnei and was
distinguished from the latter by Massee by fetid odor and
rugulose hymenium, but there is no observation on record yet as
to absence of odor for H. Montagnei. Mycological explorers
rarely note such data.

[Vol. 11
6 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Mexico: near Sanborn, Oaxaca, C. R. Orcutt, 8386 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 37345).
Honduras: P. Wilson, 287, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Guiana: Spruce, 70 (in Curtis Herb.).
Bolivia: Mapiri, A. M. Bang, distributed by Columbia College

Herb., 1479 (in Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5002).

CYMATELLA

Cymatella Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 15: 193. pi. 9,f. 4-6.
1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 49. 1902.

Marasmioid fungi, minute, stipitate, reviving with moisture;
pileus lacking a pellicle; hymenium inferior, lacking lamellae,
even or slightly wavy; spores hyaline.

Cymatella is a genus of a few species of tropical fungi, segregated
from Craterellus, with which the specimens agree in the even
hymenium and consistency, but related to Marasmius in structure
of the pileus and the reviving of the specimens with moisture.
The specimens are not notably marasmioid in the recent gathering
which I have seen and the genus seems unnecessary.

1. Cymatella minima Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 15:
193. pi. 9, /. 6. 1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 49. 1902.

Plate 1, fig. 6.

Pileus plano-convex, reniform, glabrous, pale russet (roux),
3-4 mm. broad, thin, very slightly fleshy, without a pellicle, the
margin entire, straight, indented at the base; stem filiform,
stuffed, 3 mm. long, glabrous, black, marasmioid, a little larger
towards the base, attached to the pileus eccentrically near the
indentation; trama composed of loosely arranged, septate, pallid-
reddish hyphae 3-5 y. in diameter; hymenium inferior, dark red,
even or with few radial, shallow undulations; basidia clavate,
20-23 X 5-6 \l, with 4 sterigmata; no cystidia; spores hyaline,
even, ovoid, 3-4 \l long.

On decaying bark. Guadeloupe.

I have seen no specimens of C. minima. The figure, after
Patouillard, somewhat resembles Craterellus Humphreyi, a much
larger species, white in color and fleshy.

1924)

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 7

2. C. pulverulenta (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Soc. Myc.
Fr.Bul. 15 : 194. pi. 9, f. 4. 1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 50. 1902.

Plate 1, fig. 5.

Craterellus pulverulentus Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 520. 1888.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructification pallid ferruginous; pileus orbicular, pulverulent,
the margin inflexed; stem thickened towards the base, black;
hymenium sparingly venose, colored like the pileus.

Pileus 2 mm. broad; stem 2% mm. long.

On bark of sticks. Cuba and Porto Rico. May and July.

A collection of a dozen or so fructifications from Porto Rico by
Professor Stevens, taken in connection with specimens of the
type collection in Curtis Herb., shows that while the original
description of C. pulverulenta by Berkeley & Curtis, literally
translated above, is correct as far as it goes it does not give details
enough for critical comparison with C. minima. The specimens
of C. pulverulenta are plano-convex rather than campanulate
as stated by Patouillard, and the margin only slightly inflexed,
entire but slightly notched behind near point of attachment of
the stem which is sometimes nearly central but usually distinctly
eccentric. The spores are hyaline, even, 3% X 2 \l in the type,
3-6 X 2-2J^ y. in more copious occurrence in the Porto Rican
gathering, and the hyphae slightly colored, 3-4 [x in diameter.
The dry specimens in Curtis Herbarium now have the upper
surface of the pileus Natal brown of Ridgway and the hymenium
and the stem bone-brown.

Specimens examined:

Cuba: C. Wright, 56 4> type (in Curtis Herb.).
Porto Rico: Monte Alegullo, F. L. Stevens, 1358 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55402, and Stevens Herb.).

3. C. marasmioides (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Soc. Myc.
Fr. Bui. 15: 194. pi. 9, f. 5. 1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 50.
1902.

Craterellus marasmioides Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 520. 1888.
Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb, probably.

[Vol. 11
8 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Pileus eccentric, rugose, glabrous, rufous, the margin inflexed;
stem springing from creeping rhizomorphs, thickened below,
black; hymenial folds thick, venose; basidia simple; spores hyaline,
even, globose, 4 n in diameter — only one found and this not
attached to a basidium; no cystidia.

Pileus 1^-2 mm. in diameter; stem 1-3 mm. long, about 140
[j. in diameter.

On dead ferns. Cuba.

The fructifications are solitary or in small clusters of up to 5,
branching from a common point on the bark and bone-brown
throughout; stem central or eccentric in attachment to the pileus.
The note on the label as to substratum is "on stumps."

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 32, type (in Curtis Herb.).

SKEPPERIA

Skepperia Berkeley, Linn. Soc. Bot. Trans. 22: 130. pi 25,
f. A. 1857; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 603. 1888; Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. (1:1**): 127. text f. 70. A-D. 1898.

Stem short, lateral, abruptly passing over and confluent for
some distance with the upper side of the pileus; pileus clavate,
convolute on each side so as to form a longitudinal groove,
fibrous within.

Skepperia convoluta is the type species.

Skepperia is a genus of tropical fungi of which three species
have been described; two of these occur in South America and
one in the West Indies.

1. Skepperia spathularia (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 15: 194. pi 9,f. 3. 1899; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 189.
1902. Plate 1, fig. 3.

Craterellus spathularius Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 328. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 603. 1888.

Type: in Curtis Herb, and Kew Herb, probably.

Fructifications minute, stipitate, everywhere pinkish buff in
dried condition; pileus oblique, spathulate; stem springing from
an orbicular base, becoming glabrous; pileus in structure 40-80 n
thick, composed of a layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 9

and the hymenial layer; hymenium inferior, nearly even; no
cystidia; basidia simple; spores hyaline, even, 5—7^ x 3-4 (x.

Dried fructifications about 2% mm. long; pileus 1-1 J^ mm.
long, 1 mm. broad; stem 1 mm. long, 120 \l in diameter.

On dead wood in Cuba and on Nostoc coating rocks in Trinidad.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 3, type (in Curtis Herb.).
Trinidad: Maravei Beach, near Port of Spain, R. Thaxter (in

Farlow Herb.).

CYTIDIA

Cytidia Quelet, Fl. Myc. Fr. — . 1888; Patouillard, Essai Tax.

. . . ; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 222.
1910; Rea, Brit. Basid. 697. 1922.— Lomatia Karsten, Finska
Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 403. 1889. — Auriculariopsis
R. Maire, Rech. Cyt. Tax. 102. 1902, and Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 18:
Suppl. 102. 1902; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 21: 423. 1912.

Fructifications coriaceous-gelatinous, cup-shaped, sessile, scat-
tered or crowded, often confluent; hymenium even at first,
becoming more or less wrinkled or veined; basidia simple; spores
white.

Cytidia is a genus whose few species have usually been included
in Corticium but differ from this genus in being resupinate by
the middle only, with margins free as in some species of Stereum,
The configuration of the hymenial surface is decidedly merulioid
in our single indigenous species.

Key to the Species

White or nearly so, pubescent or tomentose 1. C. flocculenta

White villose; hymenium blood-red 2. C. salicina

Deep olive-buff to drab ; hymenium becoming coarsely merulioid . . .3. C. tremellosa

1. Cytidia flocculenta (Fr.) v. Hohn. & Litsch. K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 758. 1907; Wiesner Festschr.
Wien 61. 1908; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 222.
1910; Rea, Brit. Basid. 697. 1922. Plate 1, fig. 7.

Thelephora flocculenta Fries, Elench. Fung. 1: 184. 1828. —
Corticium flocculentum Fries, Epicr. 559. 1838; Hym. Eur. 647.
1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 605. 1888.— Cyphella ampla Leveine",
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 9: 126. 1848; Fries, Hym. Eur. 662.

[Vol. 11
10 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 667. 1888; Patouillard, Tab. Anal.
Fung, l: 113. /. 25 4. 1884. — Auriculariopsis ampla (Lev.) R.
Maire, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 18: Suppl. 102. pi. 8,f. 22. 1902; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 21: 423. 1912. — Stereum pubescens Burt, Mo. Bot.
Gard. Ann. 7: 178. pi. 5. f. 50. 1920.

Fructifications membranaceous, cup-shaped, sessile, white-
tomentose, the margin entire, free all around; hymenium veined,
fawn-color or bright brown; spores white, even, 6-10 X 3-4 pi.

Fructifications 3-10 mm. in diameter, reflexed 1-3 mm.

On Salix. Montana and Wyoming. April and May. Rare.

In Europe, this fungus is more frequent on Populus. I de-
scribed the Montana gathering as Stereum pubescens with some
misgivings. A more recent collection from Wyoming has finally
enabled me to refer this species to Cytidia flocculenta, a reference
which I have confirmed by specimens kindly communicated to
me by Bourdot. Since C. flocculenta occurs in the United States
on Salix, gatherings in the past may have been referred to
the common Cytidia (Corticium) salicina, from which it differs
in smaller, more heavily tomentose pilei and much shorter
spores.

Specimens examined:
France: Allier, H. Bourdot, 4726, and two unnumbered specimens;

Aveyron, A. Galzin, 18021, comm. by H. Bourdot, 22632.
Montana: Sheridan, Mrs. L. A. Fitch, in Ellis Collection, 7014,

type of Stereum pubescens (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56784).
Wyoming: Boulder, F. S. Wolpert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 9742

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56222).

2. C. salicina (Fries) Burt, n. comb.

Thekphora salicina Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 : 442. 1821. — Corticium
salicinum Fries, Epicr. 558. 1838; Hym. Eur. 647. 1874; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 605. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 118.
pi. 6,f. 1. 1890. — Lomatia salicina (Fr.) Karsten, Finska Vet.-
Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 404. 1889; Icones Hym. Fenniae,
6. /. 10. 1885. — An Cytidia rutilans (Pers.) Quelet in Rea, Brit.
Basid. 698. 1922? Plate 1, fig. 8.

Type: authentic specimen from Fries in Kew Herb.

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 11

Fructifications coriaceous, soft, drying horn-like, rigid, pezizoid
when young, becoming expanded, more or less confluent, affixed
by the center, the margin free all around and upturned, minutely
white-villose; hymenium blood-red, even at first, drying somewhat
wrinkled; in structure 400-800 \i thick, composed of parallel,
longitudinally arranged and ascending hyphae with narrow
lumen and walls gelatinously modified; basidia simple, with 2 or
4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, cylindric, curved, 12-15 X
3M~5 t* m American specimens, 16-18 X 6-8 p in European
specimens as recorded by Karsten also.

Fructifications 1-2 mm. in diameter at first, at length up to
6-12 mm. long by confluence.

On dead limbs of Salix. Northern Europe and Canada and
northern United States. May to December. Common.

Rea gives Corticium salicinum as a synonym of Cytidia rutilans
(Pers.) Quel., with spores globose, 8 [l in diameter. I do not
find a species rutilans in the index of Persoon's 'Synopsis Fungo-
rum' for any thelephoraceous genus and have not access to
Quelet's 'Fl. Myc. France. ' The globose spores point to a differ-
ent species from Corticium salicinum Fries, with an authentic
specimen of which, in Kew Herbarium, I compared one of my
gatherings. The description of Thelephora cruenta Persoon, Syn.
Fung., is too vague to take priority for the specific name over
salicinum of Fries.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4218; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

609; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1212; Shear, N. Y. Fungi, 54; de

Thumen, Myc. Univ., 114.
Sweden: E. Fries (in Kew Herb.).
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,

114.
Austria: Gastein Salisb., Niessl (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

43459); Innsbruck, V. Litschauer.
Canada: J. Macoun,
Ontario: Byron, J. Dearness, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4218;

Ottawa, J. M. Macoun, 15, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56082) ; Toronto, J. H. Fault, Univ.

Toronto Herb., 315 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44882).

[Vol. 11
12 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Maine: Cumberland, J. Blake, comm. by P. L. Ricker; Piscata-
quis County, W. A. Murrill, 2089 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61421).

New Hampshire: Shelburne, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 4777, 4836).

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, three collections and in Ell.
& Ev., Fungi Col., 1212; Shelburne, C. G. PringU, 10U (in N.
Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55908).

Massachusetts: Cambridge, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 4386).

Connecticut: Litchfield, Miss F. S. White (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61360).

New York: Albany, C. H. Peck, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 609,
H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 59692); Alcove, C. L. Shear, in Shear, N. Y. Fungi,
54; East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, L. B. Walker, 3 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6693); Middle Grove, E. A. Burt; Van
Etten, W. C. Barbour, 1299 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61666).

Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst, comm. by C. G. Lloyd,
0053.

Michigan: Ann Arbor, E. B. Mains, comm. by A. H. W. Povah,
888 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58173); East Lansing, G. H.
Hicks (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4850); Marquette County,
W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 60659).

Wisconsin: Palmyra, comm. by Univ. Wis. Herb,, 58.

Colorado: Placer, C. L. Shear, 1022; Canyon City, T. S. Brande-
gee (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
61427).

Manitoba: Shoal Lake, /. L. Couriers, comm. by G. R. Bisby
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58973).

Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 95, 357 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 9534 and 17037 respectively).

Washington: Falcon Valley, W. N. Suksdorf, 2.

3. C. tremellosa Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 4. Myc. Notes 38: 516.
text f. 512,513. 1912. Plate 1, fig. 9.

Type: in Lloyd Herb, probably.

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 13

Fructifications coriaceous, soft, resupinate, at first circular,
pezizoid, and with the thickened, paler margin slightly upturned,,
at length confluent, effused, and with the hymenial surface
merulioid by the elevated confluent margins and reticulate
veins, drying deep olive-buff to drab; hyphae with walls gelatin-
ously modified, nodose-septate; basidia simple, with 2-4 sterig-
mata; spores white in spore collection, simple, even, 8-11 x 6-6
It.

Fructifications at first 1-3 mm. in diameter, finally confluent
over areas 3-8 X 3-5 cm.

On bark of decaying limbs of frondose species in low woods.
Louisiana. November to June.

Although the young fructifications of C. tremellosa are decidedly
pezizoid in aspect, yet, in the specimens seen by me, these small
fructifications are in such close proximity to resupinate confluent
masses of the same color that the resemblance to a Merulius
is the more striking.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B, Langlois, 2620, 2670, aw, 694

(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61681);

C. G. Lloyd, 2^02 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Burt Herb.).

SOLENIA

Solenia Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 116. 1794; Syn.
Fung. 675. 1801; Myc. Eur. 1: 334. 1822; Hoffman, Deutschl.
Fl. 2: pi 8. 1795; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 200. 1823; Hym. Eur.
595. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 424. 1888; Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. (1:1**): 129. 1898; Rea, Brit. Basid. 701. 1922.

Fructifications coriaceous or membranaceous, sessile or nearly
so, cylindric or turbinate, gregarious, fasciculate, rarely solitary,
but not joined together except by confluence, seated on a super-
ficial, felt-like, floccose and sometimes fugacious mycelium;
basidia simple; spores white or colored.

The type species is Solenia Candida Pers.

Solenia is closely related to Cyphella but differs from the latter
by more numerous and less scattered fructifications which are more
cylindric in the case of most species, and in having the gregarious
fructifications seated on a more or less manifest mycelium. The

[Vol. 11
14 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

priority of Persoon's publication of Solenia is clearly established
by Hoffmann's own work, for on the page of text following plate
8 he gives the full title of Persoon's work and its place of publi-
cation.

Key to the Species

Spores white 1

Spores colored U.S. endophila

1. Fructifications white or but slightly cream-colored 2.

1. Fructifications colored 3.

2. Fructifications white, scattered, cylindric, mouth not contracted; spores

subglobose 1 . S. Candida

2. Fructifications white, fasciculate, mouth contracted; spores subglobose

2. S. fasciculata

2. Fructifications straw-color or shining white; in California 12. S. gracilis

2. Fructifications white, crowded, confluent into a reticulate form; spores

4H-5 X 4-4}^ n 3. S. polyporoidea

2. Fructifications densely crowded, slightly tinted with cream; spores

4-6 X 2-3 n 4- S. conferta

2. Fructifications white, cylindric, villose; in Sweden 13. S. villosa

3. Fructifications ochraceous; spores 10-11 X 4^ Mj on stems of

ferns 5. S. filicina

3. Fructifications sulphur-colored; spores subglobose .... #. S. sulphurea
3. Fructifications some shade of brown; spores 6-11 X 1^-4^ a»

7. S. anomala

3. Fructifications pallid neutral gray, cylindric-clavate or pyriform;

spores 9 X 5XA n) in California 8. S. cinerea

3. Fructifications cinereous, cup-shaped, sessile; spores 4^-6^ X

4^-5 n 9. S . poriaeformi8

3. Fructifications partially buried in the subiculum; spores 5-6 X

3 mJ in Venezuela 10. S. subporiaeformia

1. Solenia Candida Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1:
116. 1794; Syn. Fung. 676. 1801 ; Myc. Eur. 1 : 334. 1822; Hoff-
mann, Deutschl. Fl. 2 : pi 8,f.l. 1795 ; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2 : 200.
1823; Hym. Eur. 596. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 424. 1888;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 226. 1910; Rea,
Brit. Basid. 702. 1922.

Fructifications scattered or solitary, 2-3 mm. high, cylindric,
shining white, glabrous; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X 33^-4 p..

On rotten wood, New York to Louisiana, and on palm in
Bermuda. August to December. Rare.

The specimens which I have referred to S. Candida are white
when fresh but becoming pale pinkish buff in the herbarium,
uniformly cylindric, often only 1 mm. long by 150 (x in diameter,

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 15

and notable by the mouths being nearly or quite the full diameter
of the cavity of the fructification, as though the fructification
were truncate. In Hoffmann's illustration, cited for S. Candida by
Persoon in his following works, the enlarged figure shows the
fructifications as true cylinders with mouths open the full width
of the cavity. In this figure the fructifications are enlarged to
length of about 4 mm. and diameter of about 1 mm. and about
the same distance apart as their length. In the collections which
I refer to S. Candida, the fructifications may be closer together
than their length but always with small spaces between the fructi-
fications, which are soft and crush easily under the cover glass in
preparations.

Specimens examined:
New Hampshire: Hanover, G. R. Lyman, 32 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61693).
New York: Buffalo, G. W. Clinton (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.,

under the name Solenia fasciculata, and in Burt Herb.) ; East

Galway, E. A. Burt
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 1743.
Bermuda: S. Brown, N. L. Britton & F. J. Seaver, 1499 (in N.

Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61649).

2. S. fasciculata Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1: 335. pi 12, f. 8 and 9.
1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 200. 1823; Hym. Eur. 596. 1874;
Schweinitz. Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 180. 1832; Morgan,
Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 9: 7. 1886; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 424. 1888; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 225.
1910; Rea, Brit. Basid. 702. 1922. — An Solenia gracilis Cope-
land, Ann. Myc. 2: 508. 1904?

Fructifications gregarious and usually fasciculate, cylindric-
clavate, somewhat enlarged towards the apex, 2-7 mm. high,
white, minutely silky, almost smooth, sometimes rising from a
thin, white mycelium; spores of European specimens white,
even, 4-53^ X 3-4 \l, 4-6 x 3-5 y. in American specimens.

The specimens of S. fasciculata from France, sent to me by
Bourdot and determined by him, have retained their white
color for the seven years since gathered ;they are seated on a white
subiculum, common to the group of fructifications, and are

[Vol. 11
16 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

soft and easily crushed under the cover-glass in preparations
and the hairs on the outside of the fructifications are colorless
and soft in my preparations stained with eosin. The American
specimens become pallid in the herbarium in a short time and
may have spores slightly larger than European specimens. Two
of our gatherings cited below have still the thin mycelium or
subiculum, common to small groups of young fructifications;
this apparently disappears as the fructifications become older and
is not evident in most gatherings. The diameter of the mouth is
somewhat smaller than that of the cavity into which it opens in
this species, so that the apex is merely obtuse.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 937, under the name Solenia

villosa; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 21.
France: Loubotis, A. Galzin, 18240, 18241, comm. by H. Bourdot,

16094 and 15752 respectively.
Canada: Toronto, J. H. Fault, Univ. Toronto Herb., 640 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44909).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A, Burt, three gatherings.
New York: Altamont, E. A. Burt; East Galway, E. A. Burt
New Jersey: Newfield, Ellis & Harkness, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

937.
Virginia: Mountain Lake, W. A. Murrill, 403 in part (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54531).
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 21.
Florida: Daytonia, R. Thaxter, comm. by Farlow Herb., 234

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63044).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2998.

3. S. polyporoidea Peck, Mss. n. sp.

Solenia villosa Fr. var. polyporoidea Peck, N. Y. State Mus.
Rept. 41:86. 1888.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

At first granuliform and distinct, finally confluent along the
sides in contact and forming a more or less connected, reticulate
layer with the bare wood showing in many little areas J£-l mm.
in diameter; no subiculum present; fructifications pure white,
sessile, tubular, 700 \l long, 200-300 ja in diameter, about 5 to a

1924'

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 17

mm. where confluent, the free surfaces of the exterior clothed
with weak, matted, hyaline, even hairs up to 30 \l long by 1 ^ in
diameter; spores copious, hyaline, even, subglobose, slightly
flattened on one side, 4^-5 X 4-43/3 V-

Covering areas 3-7 cm. long, y% cm. broad.

On decorticated, decaying wood of Tsuga. Adirondack
Mountains, New York.

The hairs on the exterior are like ordinary hyphae of the walls
and radiate outward only up to 30 y. rather than like the much
larger, distinctive, external hairs of C. fasciculata; the cups are
so firmly grown together that they are more or less mutilated and
the walls torn in teasing the fructifications apart with needles
under the dissecting microscope when immersed in water. This
species is noteworthy by the confluence of the cups as well as by
the matted, weak hairs.

Specimens examined:
New York: Adirondack Mts., C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb.).

4. S. conferta Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications crowded, sometimes up to 4 to a mm. and then
somewhat confluent, cylindric, white with slight creamy tint,
clothed with slender, appressed, even hairs 75 X 2^-3 n, sub-
hyaline, slightly yellowish in preparations stained with eosin;
basidia simple, 12-15 X 4 p., with 4 sterigmata; spores white in
a spore collection, even, 4-6 X 2-3 \k.

Fructifications about 1 mm. high, 200-300 [i in diameter,
covering areas 10 cm. or more in diameter.

On rotten wood. Alabama and Missouri. November.

This species may be only a small-spored form of S. fasciculata
but it seems to me distinct by its fructifications becoming
densely crowded and somewhat confluent, by the smaller spores,
and by the hairs being slightly yellowish. It was distributed by
Ravenel under the name.#. villosa, with the European concept
of which it does not agree. Where most densely crowded, the
fructifications shrink apart in drying, showing bare areas of wood
as in S. polyporoidea from which S. conferta differs in oblong

[Vol. 11
18 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

spores and larger, true, external hairs and less marked confluence
of fructifications.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5: 42, under the name Solenia

villosa.
Alabama: Peters , in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5: 42.
Missouri: Meramec Highlands, L. 0. Overholts, type (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 14505).

5. S. filicina Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 28: 52. 1876;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 426. 1888.

An S. villosa Fr? var., Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui.
26: 225. 1910?

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

"Cups springing from an ochraceous, white-margined, tomen-
tose subiculum, elongated, clavate or cylindrical, deflexed,
clothed with appressed hairs or tomentum, ochraceous; spores
hyaline, broadly fusiform, containing one or two nuclei," even,
10-11 X 43^ |i; basidia simple.

Fructifications about 250-350 \l in diameter.

Base of living fern stems. Lake Pleasant, New York. August.

Peck noted that the basal part of the cups sometimes turns
brown and shrinks in drying so that they appear stipitate. In
the course of nearly fifty years, the subiculum and cups have
become clay color with the margin paler. The hairs clothing the
fructifications are only very slightly colored, even, flexuous,
75-85 X 3-3J^ [i, tapering to a sharp tip; the spores are not
curved but straight, with equal sides, tapering to both base and
apex.

Specimens examined:
New York: Lake Pleasant, C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb.).

6. S. sulphurea Saccardo & Ellis, Michelia 2: 564. 1882;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 426. 1888.

Type: probably in Saccardo Herb., and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications gregarious, sometimes rather crowded and up

to 2-3 to a mm., cup-shaped, short-stemmed, sulphur-colored,

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 19

fading in the herbarium, strigose-pilose, the margin whitish
fringed; hairs minutely rough, flexuous, 75-90 X 4-4}^ ji, sharp-
pointed; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 6-7J^ \l in diameter,
copious.

Fructifications 250-400 pi in diameter and of about the same
height.

On dead places in living trunk of Magnolia glauca. Newfield,
New Jersey. January and April. Apparently local.

The specimens which I have seen were collected forty years
ago and now show only traces of the original color, which is
noted on the packets as ' ' yellowish white when fresh, with white
fringed margin, and disk white or nearly so." The larger
globose spores should distinguish this species from Cyphella
sulphur ea and C. laeta.

Specimens examined:
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, four gatherings (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61697-

61700).

7. S. anomala (Pers.) Fuckel, Symb. Myc, App. 1: 290.
1872; Fries, Hym. Eur. 596. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 427.
1888; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 227. 1910; Rea,
Brit. Basid. 702. 1922.

Peziza anomala Persoon, Obs. Myc. 1: 29. 1796; Syn. Fung.
656. 1801 ; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2 : 106. 1823.— P. stipata Persoon,
Myc. Eur. 1 : 270. 1822. — Solenia ochracea Hoffmann, Deutschl.
Fl. 2 : pi 8 J. 2, 1795 ; Persoon, Syn. Fung. 675. 1801 ; Myc. Eur.
1: 334. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 201. 1823; Hym. Eur. 596.
1874; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 9: 8. 1886; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 425. 1888; Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 48: 283. 1889; Bourdot & Galzin, loc. cii.—S.
anomaloides Peck, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 25 : 326. 1898; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 16: 173. 1902. — S. anomala var. ochracea (Hoffm.) Berk,
in Rea, loc. cit. — An S. confusa Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 84.
1903?

Fructifications drying Dresden brown, snuff-brown, or Rood's
brown, turbinate or pyriform, crowded or scattered, clothed
with thick-walled hairs 2)^-3 y. in diameter which give their color

[Vol. 11
20 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

to the fructifications and at the apex of the fructifications are
often rough- walled near their tips; hymenium paler, urceolate,
the margin incurved; basidia simple, with 4 sterigmata; spores
hyaline, even, cylindric, curved, 6-11 X 1K~43^ n..

Fructifications in dried condition 3^-1 mm. high, 200-300 p
in diameter, where crowded 3-4 to a mm.

Usually crowded into small areas on pustules or crevices in the
bark of dead twigs of Alnus, Prunus, Quercus, Betula, Salix, etc.,
or covering broad areas of decorticated wood, fewer and more
scattered when the wood is very rotten. Throughout Europe,
Newfoundland to Louisiana, westward to Oregon and British
Columbia, and in Porto Rico. August to May. Common.

European specimens of >S. anomala in the exsiccati cited below
have somewhat larger spores than those of gatherings from
eastern United States but do not differ at all from those of the
extreme West. Those from British Columbia have spores 7-10 X
4-4J^ [x and hairs rough near the tips, agreeing in both respects
with the Westendorp distribution from Belgium. In one Colo-
rado and one Montana gathering the spores are 3 {a thick, as in
those of the Berkeley and the Libert distributions, and in another
Colorado specimen 3-33^ \i thick as in the Cavara distribution.
They are 2J^ \i thick in two Montana gatherings and in the
Rabenhorst distribution, although many of the latter are only
2 \k thick as is the usual thickness of spores of New York and
New England gatherings. In my opinion these spore differences
do not warrant specific distinction, and I doubt furthermore
whether S. confusa of Europe, separated from S. anomala on the
sole ground of spores 7-10 X 2-2J^ ja, is really distinct from the
latter. The distributions by Berkeley, Libert, and Cavara are
true intermediates.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2085, under the name S.

ochracea; Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 260; Cavara, Fungi Longo-

bardiae, 108; Cooke, Fungi Brit., 405, under the name S.

ochracea; Desmazieres, Crypt. France, 1059; Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 611, under the name S. ochracea; Reliquiae Farlowianae,

363; Karsten, Fungi Fenniae Exs., 7; Kunze, Fungi Sel. Exs.,

301; Libert, PL Crypt. Arduennae, 227; Rabenhorst, Herb.

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 21

Myc, 307; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 7; Saccardo, Myc. Veneta,

1407, 1408; Sydow, Fungi Exotici, 323; Westendorp, Herb.

Crypt. Beige, 398.
Finland: P. Karsten, in Karsten, Fungi Fenniae Exs., 7.
Sweden: Tyroso, L. Romell, No. A in part.
Germany: Dresden, in Rabenhorst, Herb. Myc, 307.
Austria: Sonntagberg, P. Strasser (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

42683).
Switzerland: G. Winter, in Kunze, Fungi Sel. Exs., 301.
Italy: Padua, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 108; in Saccardo,

Myc. Veneta, 1407, 1408.
France: in Desmazieres, Crypt. France, 1059; in Libert, PI.

Crypt. Arduennae, 227.
Belgium: Bruges, in Westendorp, Herb. Crypt. Beige, 398.
England: in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 260; Shrewsbury, W. Phillips,

in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 405, under the name S. ochracea.
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 4601).
Canada: Ontario, Kenora, A. H. R. Duller, 559 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 58979); London, /. Dearness, in Bartholomew,

Fungi Col., 2085, and Sydow, Fungi Exotici, 323.
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, three collections.
Massachusetts: Arlington, E. A. Burt; Cambridge, M. A. Barber;

Milton, H. Webster, 800; Newton, M. A. Barber (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 3913); Sharon, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 62749); A. P. D. Piguet, in Reliquiae Farlowianae,

363.
New York: Bronx Park, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61688); Syracuse, A.H.W.

Povah, 890 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58175); L. M. Under-
wood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

61690); White Plains, L. M. Underwood (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 61687).
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Ellis & Harkness, in Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 611.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 20.
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois.

[Vol. 11
22 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Michigan: Beal, 214, type of Solenia anomaloides (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb.).
Iowa: Webster County, 0. M. Oleson, 44$ (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 14556); Woodbine, Humphrey & Edgerton, coram, by

C. J. Humphrey, 6510 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42920). "
Missouri: Concordia, Demetrio (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4592);

Creve Coeur, S. M. Zeller, 1567 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55567).
Nebraska: Lincoln, L. B. Walker (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55016).
Colorado : Geneva, F. J. Seaver & E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61692); Tolland, F. J. Seaver

& E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 61691).
Montana: Choteau, J. A. Hughes, comm. by J. R. Weir, 5489 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55947); Helena, F. D. Kelsey (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 62750); Missoula, J. R. Weir, 424 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 22430); Sheridan, Miss Fitch (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61689).
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 2064 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57504).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 67 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5745); Victoria, J. Macoun, 563 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55308).
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson & R. C. Rose, 6532

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55657).
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 347, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

8. S. cinerea Burt in Millspaugh & Nuttall, Flora Santa
Catalina Island, 315. 1922.

Type: in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb.

Fructifications cespitose, 30-100 in dense circular clusters on
cracks and pustules of the bark, short-stipitate, cylindric-clavate
or pyriform, pallid neutral gray of Ridgway, minutely hairy,
the apex obtuse and pore nearly closed; surface hairs colored,
flexuous, 100 X 33^ {x, paler towards the tips and there rough-

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 23

walled; basidia simple, 30 X 6 (x, with 4 slender sterigmata;
spores hyaline, even, cylindric or slightly curved, 73^-10 X 4-
5}i {jl, usually 9 X 5^ ^-

Fructifications 700 y. high, 200-300 ;x in diameter.

On bark of rotting oak. California. May.

The fructifications are colored like those of S. poriaeformis
but in other respects are more like S. anomala when growing on
pustules and crevices of the bark.

Specimens examined:
California: Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, L. W. Nuttall, 896,

type (in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57610).

9. S. poriaeformis (Pers.) Fries, Hym. Eur., 597. 1874;
Winter in Rabenhorst, Krypt.-Fl. 1: 391. 1884; Bourdot &
Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 226. 1910.

Peziza poriaeformis Pers. r of Peziza anomala Pers. Syn. Fung.
656. 1801. — P.t poriaeformis (Pers.) De Candolle, Fl. France 6:
26. 1815 ; Fries, Syst. Myc. 2 : 106. 1823.— P. tephrosia Pers. Myc.
Eur. 1: 271. 1822. — Solenia poriaeformis (DC.) Fuckel, Symb.
Myc. App. 1 : 290. 1872.— Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 428. 1888 ; Coker,
Elisha Mitchell. Scientif. Soc. Jour. 36: 151. pi 15, pi 30. f. 4-6.
1921 ; Rea, Brit. Basid. 703. 1922. — An Peziza pruinata Schweinitz,
Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig Schrift. 1: 120. 1822?— An P. Daedalea
Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 174. 1832?

Illustrations: Brefeld, Untersuch. Myk. 7: pi 11, f. 21. 1888;
Coker, loc. cit.

Fructifications about 1 mm. high, cinereous, light neutral
gray or hair-brown, cup-shaped, sessile, hairy, more or less
crowded, 2-4 to a mm., seated on a grayish mycelium; hymenium
pale gray, concave; flesh thin, brownish; basidia simple, with
2-4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 4J^-6J^ X 4J^-
5 (x.

On decaying limbs and logs of frondose species. Europe, New
Jersey to Alabama, and in Minnesota. April to January. In-
frequent.

This species covers small areas 1-3 cm. long by 3^-1 cm. broad
on bark of oak, birch, maple, grape, etc. It has the aspect of a

(Vol. 11
24 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

cinereous, crustaceous lichen bearing numerous small apothecia.
It is distinguished from S. subporiaeformis by larger cups and
more globose spores. I failed to study the authentic specimens
of Peziza Daedalea Schw. and Peziza pruinata Schw. when there
was an opportunity.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2317; Jaap, Fungi Sel.

Exs., 65; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 1: 38, under the name Peziza

pruinata Schw.; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 1: 37, under the name

Peziza Daedalea Schw.
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell.

Germany: Brandenburg, in Jaap, Fungi Sel. Exs., 65.
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 1784, comm. by H. Bourdot, 4747.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

2317.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1087.
North Carolina: Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 4686 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57331).
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 1:

37, 38.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57330).
Minnesota: Vermilion Lake, E. W. D. Holway (in U. S. Dept.

Agr. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4800),

and J. C. Arthur, L. H. Bailey & E. W. D. Holway, 2548 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4599).

10. S. subporiaeformis Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Farlow Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications spherical, 120-150 \i in diameter, 4-5 to a mm.,
nearly buried in the pale neutral gray subiculum, with the white
mouths and adjacent portion of the wall protruding; mouth about
60-80 [t. in diameter; hymenium black as seen from above, the
subhymenium opaque, nearly black; basidia simple, pyriform,
9-12 X 5-6 (x; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 5-6
X 3 i*.

Fructifications in small patches 4x3 cm., 3x2 cm., and
3 X 1H cm« m the three specimens collected.

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 25

On decorticated, very rotten wood. Margarita Island, Vene-
zuela. July.

This species is closely related to S. poriaeformis, but may be
distinguished from the latter by smaller, partially buried fructi-
fications, smaller basidia, and smaller spores of elongated rather
than subglobose form. It may possibly range farther north into
the West Indies.

Specimens examined:
Venezuela: Margarita Island, A. F. Blakeslee, type (in Farlow

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56064).

11. S. endophila (Ces.) Fries, Hym. Eur. 705. 1874; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 427. 1888.

Cyphella endophila Cesati in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 1513,
with description. 1872; Mattirolo, Accad. Scienze Torino Atti
22:— pi. 4. 1887.

Type: type distribution in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 1513.

Fructifications densely crowded together, curving upward
from a continuous carpet (often evanescent) of short, suberect,
colored hyphae, furfuraceous-villose, at first whitish, becoming
ochraceous when old, attenuated towards the base into a short
stem; the disk rather pale; hairs colored, even, flexuous, 40-45
X 3^tJ^ V-> basidia simple, 12-14 X 4J^-5 \l; spores colored,
even, 6-7 X 4-5 [l, copious.

Fructifications 1 mm. long, 200-300 [l in diameter, usually
somewhat scattered but crowded in some places up to 2-3 to a
mm.

On rotten, decorticated wood and bark of Populus and other
frondose species. Southern Europe, Maine, Vermont, Florida,
Colorado, and South America. August to March. Rare.

A great deal of powdery matter covers the hairy fructification
and is the cause of its whitish color. S. endophila is readily
distinguished from our other species by its colored spores.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 1513, type distribution;

Theissen, Dec. Fung. Brasilium, 165.
Italy: Cesati, in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 1513.
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 1

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43804).

[Vol. 11
26 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt

Florida: Palm Beach, R. Thaxter, comm. by Farlow Herb.,

247 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63046).
Colorado: Denver, F. J. Seaver & E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61695).
Venezuela: Margarita Island, A. F. Blakeslee, comm. by Farlow

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56067).
Brazil: Rick, in Theissen, Dec. Fung. Brasilium, 165.

SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN

12. S. gracilis Copeland, Ann. Myc. 2: 508. 1904; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 21: 362. 1912.

"Sparsa; cupulis primo urceolatis, brevissime stipitatis, demum
cylindraceis, denique late sessilibus, sursum attenuatis, oribus
incrassatis, integris, glabris, stramineis nitentibus, vel candidis
et deorsum fuscescentibus, 0.5 mm. altis; sporis globosis, 7.5-8 p.
diam.

"Ad lignum putridum Alni. Saratoga." [California.]

13. S. villosa Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 200. 1823; Hym. Eur. 596.
1874; Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 180. 1832; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 425. 1888.

Fructifications gregarious, cylindric, villose, white. Related
to the preceding species (S. Candida, S. fasciculata, S. pallens)
but a little larger, distinctly villose, by this approaching S.
ochracea. On fallen rotten wood.

The above is a translation of the original description, to which
I have found no distinctive additions from later European
research. The description is given here because American my-
cologists have so frequently referred gatherings to S. villosa, a
species which seems to be imperfectly known in its own country.

MATRUCHOTIA, MICROSTROMA, PROTOCORONOSPORA

Matruchotia varians Boulanger, Rev. Gen. Bot. 5: 401. pi.
12-14. 1893; Rev. Myc. 16: 68. pi 1J&-1U- 1894. Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 11: 118. 1895.

Under the above name Boulanger described as a new genus
and new species a fungus of soft consistency and aspect of the

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 27

Hyalostilbeae but having spores borne one or two to a sporophore —
usually but one. This fungus appeared in cultures of the bark of
Piscidia erythrina, used in pharmacy and obtained from South
America northward to Florida. On account of sometimes two
spores to a spore-bearing cell Boulanger would class Matruchotia
as a Basidiomycete — as an intermediate connecting the Basi-
diomycetes with the Hyphomycetes and showing their phylo-
genetic origin from the latter.

The account and illustrations present Matruchotia as having
an erect trunk composed of cohering hyphae, branched above,
and bearing spores along the sides of the trunk and branches
and at the tips of the final branchlets.

I am disposed to regard Matruchotia as a genus of the Stilbiaceae
and do not attach great importance to the fact that the spores
are sometimes in twos.

The range of Matruchotia is northward to Maine at least and
on other kinds of wood than Piscidia, for while collecting at Kit-
tery Point with Professor Thaxter we found plentifully there a
soft, white, mucedinous fungus which he recognized as Matrucho-
tia.

Microstoma Niessl, Mahr. Crypt. Fl., 163. 1861; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 4: 9. 1886; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (1:1**):
105. 1898.

This genus is represented in North America by M. albus, M.
Juglandis, M. leucosporum, M. americanorum, and M. ingainicola.
The more frequent species occur as small white patches on living
leaves of Carya, Juglans, Quercus, etc. Some authors have re-
ferred Microstroma to the Basidiomycetes on account of several
spores being produced at the apex of the spore-bearing cell. R.
Maire, Rec. publ. Occ. Jubile* sc. Prof. Le Monnier 131-139.
1913, concludes that Microstroma is not a Basidiomycete but
one of the Melanconieae.

Protocoronospora Atkinson & Edgerton, Jour. Myc. 13: 186.
1907; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 21: 421. 1912; Wolf, Elisha Mitchell
Scientif. Soc. Jour. 36: 82. 1920.

The type species, Protocoronospora nigricans Atk. & Edg., is
a virulent parasite on all parts above ground, including the pods,
of Vicia sativa and V. villosa. Protocoronospora was proposed as

[Vol. 11
28 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

a genus of the Thelephoraceae because the spores are bQrne in a
whorl at the apex of the spore-bearing cell. Wolf, loc. cit., has
presented the morphology and development of P. nigricans and
concludes that Protocoronospora is not a Basidiomycete but one
of the Melanconieae, a conclusion in which I concur.

ASTEROSTROMA

Asterostroma Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 154. pi. 46, /.
8, 9. 1889 ; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9 : 236. 1891 ; Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. (1:1**): 122. 1898; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc.
Fr. Bui. 36: 44. 1920.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, dry, composed of loosely
interwoven hyphae, some of which terminate in brown, stellate
organs composed of slender rays; basidia simple, with 2-4 sterig-
mata; spores hyaline.

The species of Asterostroma are likely to be referred to Corti-
cium unless sections are examined. In sections the brown, stellate
organs are conspicuous when viewed with the microscope and
sharply separate Asterostroma from other resupinate thelephora-
ceous fungi. Similar organs occur, however, in Aster odon of
the Hydnaceae and in a species of Lachnocladium.

Key to the Species

No colored hyphae present in the subiculum 1

Some colored hyphae in subiculum 6. A. ochrostroma

1. Spores becoming echinulate 2

1. Spores even 3

2. Stellate organs with unbranched rays as a rule 1. A. cervicolor

2. Many stellate organs have some rays branched 2. A. muscicolum

3. Hymenium drying whitish; no cystidia; rays 3^-4^ n in diam-
eter ! 3. A. bicolor

3. Like A. bicolor except that rays up to 130 X 9 n protrude beyond

hymenium, like setae 4- A- spiniferum

3. Stellate organs have notably long, slender rays up to 100-150 X

3-33^ m; fructification not spongy 5. A. gracile

1. Asterostroma cervicolor (Berk. & Curtis) Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 155. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 237. 1891;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 36: 44. 1920.

Corticium cervicolor Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 179. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 621. 1888. — Asterostroma corticola Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 155. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 236.

1924]

BURT — THB THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 29

1891. — A, aUrido-carneum Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25:
155. pi. 46. f. 8, 9. 1889. Not Thelephora albido-carnea Schweinitz,
Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 169. 1832.— A pallidum Morgan,
Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 18: 38. pi 1J. 6. 1895; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 14: 223. 1899.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructification effused, thin, spongy, dry, avellaneous to cin-
namon-drab within, the margin fibrillose-floccose, paler; hymen-
ium even, pulverulent, becoming pallid where well-fruited;
structure in section 150-300 n thick, composed of thin-walled,
loosely arranged, hyaline hyphae 2-23^ (a in diameter and of
conspicuous, colored, thick-walled, rigid, stellate organs with 3-7,
usually about 5, unbranched rays 15-60 \l long and 3-33^ y. in
diameter, distributed throughout the fructification; cystidia
(gloeocystidia?) fusoid, often sharp-pointed, not incrusted, 30-45
X 8-12 (x, protruding up to 25 y. above the basidia; basidia simple,
with 4 sterigmata; spores white in spore collections, spherical,
becoming echinulate, with the spore body 4-5 (jl in diameter.

On decaying wood, earth, and on outside of a flower pot.
Canada to Louisiana, in Washington, California, Mexico, West
Indies, and Japan. July to March. Widely distributed but not
abundant.

The color of this species varies somewhat with the presence
and degree of development of the hymenium; young fructifica-
tions still lacking basidia or with only few scattered basidia have
a tawny color due to the numerous colored stellate bodies which
are present in the surface of the fructification. As the hymenium
becomes continuous in patches or over the whole surface it con-
ceals the stellate organs and shows as a whitish or pallid pellicle
in the regions where developed, with comparatively few colored
rays protruding through it. The type specimen of A. pallidum
has the hymenium fully developed. Under my method of stain-
ing sections with eosin and then preserving in glycerine mounts,
the fusoid organs in the hymenium are what I understand as non-
incrusted cystidia containing little granular matter, a great deal
of cell sap, and with such thin walls that they collapse in the
glycerine preparations. Bourdot has a special reagent and method
which he employs as a test for gloeocystidia, and he has decided
that these organs are gloeocystidia.

[Vol. 11
30 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

The specimens of A. ochroleuca Bres. from France, communi-
cated by Bourdot, seem to me specifically distinct from our A.

cervicolor by their lack of the continuous, whitish hymenial

pellicle and the abundant rays in the hymenial surface being

well branched so that very many of them resemble antlers rather

than stellate organs.
Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Am., 228, under the name Corticium
cervicolor; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 14, type distribution of Aster-
ostroma albido-carneum Massee, under the name Corticium
albido-carneum but not the species of Schweinitz.

Canada: St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macouny 18.

New Hampshire: Chocorua, E. A. Burt, two collections; W. G.
Farlow, 2a , 2b, an unnumbered specimen in Burt Herb., and
2, 3, 155 and an unnumbered specimen (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55601, 55602, 55246, and 6883 respectively).

Massachusetts: Belmont, W. G. Farlow.

New York: Albany, H. D. House & J. Rubinger (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6327) ; East Galway,
E. A. Burt

Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz (in Herb. Schweinitz
under the names Thelephora reticulata and Thelephora mollis).

District of Columbia: Washington, /. R. Weir, 19741 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 59167).

South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 14.

Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 228.

Florida: W. W. Calkins, 150, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44635); Cutler Hammock, W. A. Murrill,
85 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
62104).

Alabama: Peters, type of Corticium cervicolor (in Curtis Herb.,
4026, and Kew Herb.) ; Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 110
and 311 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19896 and 57185 respective-
ly).

Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, ex, 1948, 203 (in
Burt Herb., Lloyd Herb., 3144, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55621).

Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd.

1924]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 31

Idaho: Priest River, «/. R. Weir, 581 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63172).
Washington: Hoquiom, C. J. Humphrey, 6411.
California: A. J. McClatchie, type of Asterostroma pallidum (in

Kew Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4792).
Mexico: Xuchiles, near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 1206,

1212, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54593 and 54594 respectively); near Guernavaca,

W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 516, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54517); Jalapa, W. A. & E. L.

Murrill, 800, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54444).
Porto Rico: Central Alianga, J. A. Stevenson, 6071 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54684) ; Rio Piedras, comm. by Mrs. F. W. Patter-
son.
Japan: Awaji, Mt. Mikuma, A. Yasuda, 38 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56170).

2. A. muscicolum (Berk. & Curtis) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 25: 155. 1889.

Hymenochaete muscicola Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 334. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 602. 1888.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructification broadly effused, thin, spongy, dry, wood-brown
of Ridgway, the margin narrow, whitish; hymenium concolorous
with the subiculum or but slightly paler, even; in structure in
section 300-400 y. thick, composed of thin- walled, loosely arranged
hyaline hyphae and of very numerous, colored, stellate organs
with 3-9 rays, the rays about 30-45 X 3-43^ (x, sometimes
unbranched but many branched, becoming smaller and more
branched towards, and in, the hymenium and bearing secondary
whorls of small branches or with 2 stellate organs connected by
a short, thick axis; cystidia few, not incrusted, 6 \i in diameter,
protruding up to 27 y., tapering to a sharp point; spores hyaline,
spherical, echinulate, the body 5-7 [l in diameter, the spines
numerous, close together, very distinct.

Fructifications up to 7 X 4 cm. when well developed.

On dead branches of trees covered with moss, on cocoanut

J

[Vol. 11
32 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

petioles, and on rotting wood. West Virginia, Arkansas, Louisi-
ana, and the West Indies. July to December.

A. muscicolum has so many tough, stellate organs that it is
not easy to cut sections free hand which are thin enough to show
clearly the details of the hymenium; it differs in this respect
from A. cervicolor and also by the very numerous, branched rays
and the thicker-walled spores covered with stouter and more
numerous spines.

Specimens examined :
West Virginia: Eglon, C. G. Lloyd, 1457 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55611).
Louisiana: Dr. Hale (under the name Stereum Halei in Kew

Herb, and Curtis Herb., 3660); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois,

2708.
Arkansas: Fordyce, C. J. Humphrey , 2580 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 11952).
Cuba: C. Wright, 258, type of Hymenochaete muscicola (in Kew

Herb, and Curtis Herb.); Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2579

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14841); Habana Province, Fecha,

F. S. Earle, HI.
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, coram, by W. G. Farlow, 15.

3. A. bicolor Ellis & Everhart, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
Proc. 1893: 441. 1893; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 128. 1895.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.,
and Burt Herb.

Effused, thin, avellaneous when fresh, the hymenium becoming
whitish in the herbarium, the margin thin, cobwebby; in structure
in section 200-300 \l thick, composed of loosely arranged, hyaline
hyphae 2-2J^ \l in diameter and of rather scattered — not crowded
— colored, stellate organs with unbranched rays 45-120 \l long,
33^-4J^ \i in diameter; no cystidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata;
spores white in a spore collection, even, globose, apiculate at
the base, 5-7 y. in diameter.

Fructifications 1-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad.

On rotten wood of both frondose and coniferous species but
more abundant on the latter. New York to Louisiana and west-
ward to British Columbia. August to November.

1024]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 33

Specimens of A, bicolor acquire in the herbarium the whitish
hymenium of a well-fruited A. cervicolor from which they are
only distinguishable by the even spores and the absence of
cystidia. On the basis of the similar spores, I formerly referred
to A. bicolor a small specimen collected in Sweden by Romell.
Bourdot has recently sent to me from France several specimens,
published by him under the name A. laxum Bres., which are
identical in structure with the specimen from Romell and con-
stantly distinct from our A. bicolor by having occasional cystidia
and stellate organs with branched rays — so conspicuously
branched in the hymenium as to approach antler form.

Specimens examined:
New York: Flood wood, E. A. Burt
Delaware: Wilmington, Commons, 2356, type (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., and Burt Herb.).
Maryland: Glen Sligo, C. L. Shear, 11 41.
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, ac.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd (in Lloyd Herb., 1401, 1425,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55616 and 55617 respectively).
Illinois: Christopher, C. J". Humphrey, 1991 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 59018).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, /. R. Weir, 45 4f

495, 520, 541 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13274, 21977, 19438,

$nd 3774 respectively).

/

/4. A. spiniferum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, with the subiculum avellaneous and
the hymenium pale pinkish buff; in structure 300-350 \l thick,
with hyphae hyaline, arranged longitudinally along the sub-
stratum and passing into a loosely arranged layer and becoming
intermixed with the colored, stellate organs; stellate organs not
densely crowded together, with unbranched rays 50-90 X 6-7 y.
usually, but next to the hymenium having rays perpendicular
to the latter, larger than the other rays, up to 130 X 9 \l, and
protruding beyond the basidia up to 110 [l, like setae; cystidia
not incrusted, 25 X 5 y., sparingly present; spores hyaline, even,
subglobose, 5-6 y. in diameter.

[Vol. 11
34 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications up to 4 cm. long, 2 cm. broad.

On rotten wood. Porto Rico. July.

This species is related to A. tricolor but is distinct from the
latter and noteworthy by the very large, unsymmetrical, seta-
like rays which stand out above the general level of the hymenium.
The occasional cystidia are an additional separating character.

Specimens examined:
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 5579, type (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 13415).

J

\ 5. A. gracile Burt, n. sp.
• Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, cobwebby, delicate, with
the subiculum light drab and the hymenium pale olive-buff,
^ not continuous but with the basidia in clusters; in structure 150

y. thick, with hyphae loosely arranged, hyaline, 2-2^ \l in diam-
eter, and with colored, stellate organs with central body 6 ji in
diameter and very slender, unbranched rays up to 100-150 X
3-3J^ ii, often protruding beyond the hymenium up to 45 p;
cystidia numerous, not incrusted, fusoid, 30 X 8 ji; basidia
15 X 6 \k ; spores hyaline, even, spherical, 6 (i in diameter.

Fructifications J/£-l cm. in diameter.

On very rotten, frondose wood. Alabama. October.

The small gray fructifications of A. gracile have the aspect of
a delicate, cobwebby Hyphomycete rather than the more compact,
spongy structure of other species of this genus. The long, slender
rays of the stellate organs and the cystidia are also distinctive.

Specimens examined:
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, Jfi9, type (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57202).

r'v.

I

6. A. ochrostroma Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Farlow Herb, probably.

Fructification effused, dry, felty, ochraceous tawny, with
surface becoming shallowly granular in fruiting; in structure
200-300 (i thick, composed of both hyaline, thin-walled, flaccid
hyphae 2 \i in diameter, and of some ochraceous, stiff, thick-
walled hyphae 2 n in diameter, and of very numerous, densely

1924)

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIII 35

crowded stellate organs of varying size; stellate organs with
unbranched rays 20-60 X 3-6 y. which protrude beyond the
hymenium in such great numbers and so crowded as to nearly
conceal the basidia; no cystidia found; basidia simple, 10 X 5 ^,
with 4 sterigmata, but few basidia found; floating spores in each
preparation are hyaline, even, 4-43^ X 3 (i, neither copious nor
seen attached to basidia.

Fructifications 1-13^ mm. long, about J^j mm. broad.

On bark and decorticated wood of Abies. New Hampshire.
September.

A. ochrostroma differs from all other species of Asterostroma
known to me by the presence in its subiculum of some slender,
rigid, thick-walled hyphae of the same diameter as the usual,
thin-walled hyphae but of the same color as the stellate organs.
I find these colored hyphae more abundant in the sterile portions
of the fructification; they have bleached in sections preserved
for several years in glycerine mounts. The stellate organs are
more numerous than in any other of our species and prevent
cutting satisfactorily thin sections of the hymenium by free hand.
Some hyaline, even spores 4-4J^ X 3 y. were found floating in
each preparation but not abundantly and are probably the
spores of this species.

Specimens examined:
New Hampshire: Crystal Cascade, White Mts., W. G. Farlow,

1, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55578).

{To be continued)

[Vol. 11, 1924J
36 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Explanation of Plate
plate 1

Fig. 1. Cladoderris dendritica. a, showing upper side, collected in Cuba by
W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 136; b, showing ribbed hymenium, collected in Colombia by
W. D. Denton.

Fig. 2. C. fioridana. Part of type, showing warts of hymenium, collected in
Florida.

Fig. 3. Skepperia spathularia. After Patouillard.

Fig. 4. Hypolyssus Montagnei. a, collected in Bolivia by A. M. Bang; b, col-
lected in Honduras by P. Wilson.

Fig. 5. Cymatella pulverulerda. a, piece of wood bearing several fructifications;
bf 2 fructifications seen from under (hymenial) side, magnified, collected in Porto
Rico by F. L. Stevens, 1358.

Fig. 6. C. minima. After Patouillard.

Fig. 7. Cytidia flocculenta. Collected in Montana by Mrs. L. A. Fitch.

Fig. 8. C. salicina. Showing both young, pezizoid and expanded fructifications,
collected in Canada by J. Macoun.

Fig. 9. C. tremellosa. Collected in Louisiana by A. B. Langlois, 2620.

Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 11, 1924

Plate 1

' l i
i-.l-U'

"\

Id

a

\

^J

"I

r 1 5

c?

\ ■■

Gc

)

; i,.^ ^_>/

( ^ f 1

3 AT c

V i

BURT— THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA

1. CLADODERRIS DENDRITICA. 2. C. FLORIDANA. — 3. SKEPPERIA SPATHULARIA.

— 4. HYPOLYSSUS MONTAGNE1. — 5. CYMATELLA PULVERULENTA. — 6. C, MINIMA.
— 7. CYTIDIA FLOCCULENTA. — 8. C. SALICINA. — 9. C. TREMELLOSA.

The Thelephoraceae of North
America. XIV

Peniophora

EDWARD ANGUS BURT

Reprinted from Annals of the Missouri Botanical
Garden 12: 213-357, September, 1925

<t

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV1

EDWARD ANGUS BURT

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden
Professor in the Henry Shaw School of Botany of
Washington University

PENIOPHORA

Peniophora Cooke, Grevillea 8: 20. pi. 122-125. 1879; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 640. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25:
140. pi. 47, f. 14-19. 1889; Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 48: 421. 1889; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fam. (1 :1**) : 119. 1898; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui.
28: 372. 1913; Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 1: 191, 193, 198.
1914; Rea, Brit. Basid. 687. 1922.— Kneiffia (in part) Bresadola,
Ann. Myc. 1: 99. 1903. — includes Gloeopeniophora v. Hohnel
& Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Siteungsber. 116 : 815. 1907.
— Includes in part Gloeocystidium Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc.
Bidrag Natur och Folk 48 : 429. 1889.

Fructifications waxy, coriaceous, cartilaginous, membrana-
ceous, submembranaceous, floccose, or filamentous, always re-
supinate, effused, even; simple basidia with 2-4 white spores;
cystidia incrusted or not incrusted, present in the hymenium and
often more or less immersed in the substance; substance variously
differentiated in some species but not containing colored, stellate
organs. — Distinguished from Corticium by the presence of cys-
tidia.

The North American species of Peniophora are here arranged in
five groups according to the color of the substance of the fructi-
fication, nature of the cystidia, and presence or absence of gloeo-
cystidia. These groups are further subdivided to such degree as

1 Issued February 18, 1926.
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., Vol. 12, 1925 (213)

[Vol. 12
214 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

seems desirable by color of hymenium, adnation to substratum,
and incrustation of cystidia or of hyphae, into minor groups of so
few species that the characters of the component species of any
group within which a species seems to belong, may all be con-
sidered in determining the probable species of the specimen in
course of identification. An appalling amount of time and
labor has been required for the accumulation from sectional prep-
arations of the structural characters of the individual specimens
of species of Peniophora listed in this work. The older descrip-
tions of resupinate Hymenomycetes were based on so few definite
characters that a specimen in hand might seem to be referable
equally well to more than one published species, or that several
specimens in hand and certainly different specifically might all
seem referable to one species, judging from its published de-
scription. However, by the addition of the knowledge of the
definite features of structure characteristic of species, deter-
mining additional characters have been found for so many species
that the specific taxonomy of the large genus Peniophora in
North America becomes practicable. In the use of this work
sectional preparations of fertile specimens are necessary.

Of the 120 species of Peniophora described herein, 36 occur in
Europe as well as in North America and 11 others have been
already recognized as North American species. The remaining
73 species are unlike those which the writer has been able to
recognize among the known species from other regions of the
world and have therefore to be described as new. It is quite
probable that nearly all of these 73 species will bear the test of
study by foreign mycologists and be demonstrated eventually to
be really new, for most of them are of local occurrence, known
from a single collection and distributed with surprising uniformity
over the great area of North America which has in its different
regions such great differences in temperature, moisture, altitude,
and composition of its forests that the conditions are ideal for
the origin and survival of species of merely local distribution.
This is in accord with the fact that 9 of our new species occur in
more than one state and that others occur as follows: — 7 from
Louisiana; 4 each from New York, British Columbia, Washing-
ton, Mexico, and Jamaica; 3 each from Vermont, Idaho, Oregon,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 215

and Texas; 2 each from Canada, New Hampshire, Alabama,
Florida, Colorado, and Porto Rico; and 1 each from Virginia,
Georgia, Kentucky, Montana, Alaska, California, New Mexico,
Nicaragua, Cuba, and Bermuda.

It might be well for American students who use this work for
the determination of their gatherings of Peniophora to concen-
trate their attention in first attempts on the characters of the
species of wide distribution and on such of the new species as are
local in their respective regions.

Mycologists, with special knowledge of the Thelephoraceae in
every nation, work not only to make better known the fungous
floras of their own countries, but also to determine which of their
species occur in other countries. As an aid to such study in the
future and for checking my work, there is here given the following
list of foreign species of Peniophora, not known to me except from
the more or less satisfactory published descriptions, viz., Penio-
phora abietis, P. amaniensis, P. atro-cinerea, P. avellanea, P.
bambusicola, P. carneola, P. Cheesmanii, P. cineracea, P. citrina,
P. coccinea, P. Coffeae, P. convolvens, P. Corsica, P. crustosa, P.
diffissa, P. discoidea, P. Dussii, P. fimbriata, P. gigaspora, P.
habgallae, P. leprosa, P. lilacea, P. Martelliana, P. mimica, P.
ochroleuca, P. orphanella, P. pirina, P. rimicola, P. rufomarginata,
P. sordidella, P. sororia, P. sparsa, P. subavellanea, P. subglebulosa,
P. sublaevis, P. subtilis, P. tomentella, P. tremelloidea, and P. ver-
micularis. It is probable that most of these species are of local
interest but I should like to have been sure that I have not re-
described any of them as new American species. Much time and
effort have been required to make this list as small as it is.

Key to Arrangement of the Species

I. Substance not colored, with the usual cystidia, no gloeocystidia.
1. Hymenium white or whitish.
*At least small pieces separable when moistened.

a. Cystidia incrusted 1-7

b. Cystidia not incrusted 8, 9

**Closely adnate, not separable.

a. Antler-shaped paraphyses not present.

fCystidia incrusted 10-18

tfCystidia rough-walled or denticulate 14, 15

ttfCystidia not incrusted, even 16-24

b. Antler-shaped paraphyses present 25-27

[Vol. 12
216 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

2. Hymenium colored and the subhymenium also in a few species.
*Closely adnate, not separable.

a. Cystidia not incrusted.

fFructification not stratose 28-30

ft Fructification becoming stratose 81, SB

b. Cystidia incrusted 88-38

**At least small pieces separable when moistened.

a. Cystidia incrusted.

fHyphae incrusted 89-44

tfHyphae not incrusted or not obviously incrusted 45-52

b. Cystidia not incrusted.

fHyphae incrusted 53-56

tfHyphae not incrusted or not obviously incrusted .... 57-G1

II. Substance not colored almost without exception, cystidia very

long, cylindric, thick-walled, not normally incrusted, often visible
through whole thickness of the fructification, no gloeocystidia — the
P. glebuLosa group 62-68

III. Substance not colored, gloeocystidia present as well as cystidia — the

gloeocystidial group.

1. At least small pieces separable when moistened.

*Cystidia incrusted.

f Some cystidia 40-100 X 20-50 V- 69

ffCystidia of the usual size 70-79

♦♦Cystidia not incrusted 80-83

2. Closely adnate, not separable 84-90, 111

IV. Substance yellow or yellowish rather than dark-colored and often

bleached by potassium hydrate solution.

1. At least small pieces separable when moistened 91-97

2. Closely adnate, not separable 98-100

V. Substance more or less dark-colored, the dark color retained in pre-

parations stained with eosin. Gloeocystidia sometimes present.

1. Fructification stratose 101-102

2. Fructification not stratose.

♦At least small pieces separable when moistened. Compare also

resupinate Stereum ferreum 103-110

♦♦Closely adnate, not separable 111-120

(Including as 117-120 the P. cinerea group with opaque zone
next to substratum and the largest cystidia on this zone.)

1. Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25:
142. Je. 1889; Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och
Folk 48: 422. 1889; Bresadola, 1. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III.
3: 113. 1897; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 401.
1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 693. 1922.

Thelephora gigantea Fries, Obs. Myc. 1 : 152. 1815; Syst. Myc.
1: 448. 1821. — Corticium giganteum Fries, Epicr. 559. 1838;
Hym. Eur. 648. 1874; Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 28: 52.
1876; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 610. 1888.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 217

Illustrations: Fries, Icones Hym. 2: pi. 197, /. 8.

Fructifications broadly effused, hyaline, white, waxy, swelling
when moist and separable from substratum, when dry horn-like
and parchment-like, the hymenium even, pale pinkish buff, pale
olive-buff, or pallid mouse-gray in the herbarium, the margin
white, fibrillose, radiating, sometimes becoming free and curling
away from the substratum in drying; in section 100-500 ;jl thick,
not colored, with the broad layer towards the substratum com-
posed of crowded and more or less longitudinally arranged
hyphae so highly gelatinously modified that only the lumen and
cell contents usually show distinctly in preparations, about
3-5 \l in diameter; cystidia incrusted, about 40-50 X 8-12 \l,
confined to the hymenium or a zone up to 100 y. broad; spores
hyaline, even, about 4J^-5 X 2J^-3 \l as found in preparations.

Fructifications 3-30 cm. in diameter.

On bark and wood of dead conifers such as Pinus, Abies, and
Tsuga. In Europe, Canada to Texas, westward to the Pacific
states, in Mexico, and in Japan. June to January. Widely dis-
tributed and abundant locally.

P. gigantea may usually be recognized at sight by its occurrence
on coniferous bark in large, whitish or pinkish buff fructifications
of cartilaginous structure, separable from the substratum and
more or less curling away from it in drying.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 2422, 4242, 4622; Ellis, N.

Am. Fungi, 410; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 117; Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

452; Fungi Car. 2: 38; Romell, Fungi Scand., 34; Sydow, Myc.

Germ., 553; de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 909.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in Myc. Univ., 909.
Sweden: L. Romell, 97, 98, 349, and in Romell, Fung. Scand., 34.
Germany: Brandenburg, H. Sydow, in Sydow, Myc. Germ., 553;

Konigstein, W. Krieger, in Krieger, Fungi Sax., 117.
Austria: Karwendel, Tirol, V. Litschauer; Stubai, Tirol, V.

Litschauer.
Italy : Trient, G. Bresadola.
France: Fautrey, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 4354; Jura, N. Patouil-

lard (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55907).

[Vol. 12
218 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Canada : Montreal, on timbers in a mill, R. J. Blair, 837, comm.

by L. O. Overholts, 4113 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55632);

Belleville, Ontario, J. Macoun, 253; Ottawa, «/. Macoun, 48,
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 32.
Massachusetts : Fall River, on floor beams in a mill, W. H. Snell

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57379).
New York: ex herb. Torrey, 112 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61437); Beaver River, Adirondacks,

G. F. Atkinson, 4606; Mechanicville, C. H. Peck (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55575).
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 410.
Pennsylvania: Adelaide, on cross ties, H. v. Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 6685); State College, L. 0. Overholts, 4810 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56124).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1266, and in Bartholomew,

Fungi Col., 2422.
Virginia: Rio, F. Gravatt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44042).
North Carolina: Biltmore, E. Bartholomew, 5658 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44216), and in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4622;

Chapel Hill, J. N. Couch, comm. by Univ. N. C. Herb., 4306

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57422).
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 38;

Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 452.
Georgia: Brunswick, H. v. Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

43887).
Florida: W. W. Calkins, 63 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 61446).
Louisiana: Shreveport, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi

Col., 4242, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4943).
Texas: Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 221; Quitman, W. H. Long,

12074, and comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2552 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55046 and 9804 respectively); Somerville, H. v.

Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42884).
Michigan: Bay City, /. R. Weir, 301 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

20143).
Wisconsin : Madison, on log of Pinus Taeda in timber yard, M . C.

Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 719 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 42729).

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 219

Minnesota: Cass Lake, J. R. Weir, 394 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

13981); St. Louis River, J. C. Arthur, L. H. Bailey & E. W. D.

Holway, 175 St. (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4821).
Arkansas: Texarkana, on cross ties, H. v. Schrenk (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56378).
Colorado: Tolland, L. 0. Overholts, 1834 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54879).
Montana: Libby, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11449 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63276); Rockhill, E. E. Hubert, comm.

by J. R. Weir, 11966, 11979, 11984 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63336-8).
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11097, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.,

Path. Myc. Coll., 1335 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62988);

Priest River, J. R. Weir, 80 (in Burt Herb.) and 5825, 6331,

11985, 12018, 14938 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58289, 55950,

63350, 63374, and 56800 respectively); Santa, E. E. Hubert,

comm. by J. R. Weir, 11603 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63304).
British Columbia: Hastings, J. Macoun, 24-
New Mexico: Gila National Forest, G. G. Hedgcock & W. H.

Lang, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2524 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 21669).
Mexico: Orizaba, Nuevo, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 767, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54649).
Japan: Sendai, A. Yasuda, 76 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56315).

2. P. globifera Ellis & Everhart, Am. Nat. 1897: 340. 1897;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 224. 1899.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and a fragment in Burt
Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, separable when moistened,
when dry horn-like, whitish to pale smoke-gray, the hymenium
with somewhat convex granules, bristling with the crowded
cystidia; in section 400-500 \l thick, not colored, with a layer
about 200-300 y. thick towards the substratum composed wholly
of densely interwoven, hyaline hyphae 3-5 \l in diameter, with
the walls so gelatinously modified as to be very indistinct; no
gloeocystidia; cystidia heavily and coarsely incrusted, 30-70
X 12-15 [l, very abundant both in the hymenium and im-

[Vol. 12

220 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

mersed throughout an outer zone up to 150 y. thick; basidiospores
hyaline, even, 4-6 X 2-2 Yi tx.

Fructifications up to 10 cm. in diameter.

On bark of conifers. New York and Ontario, and in Montana,
Idaho, British Columbia, Oregon, and New Mexico. August to
October. Rare.

P. globifera is either known only from the type collection or else
it is an extreme form of P. gigantea, for each of the more recent
gatherings cited below has some character approaching P. gi-
gantea. The distinctive features of the type of P. globifera are
whiter color, much more numerous and larger cystidia which are
also more coarsely incrusted, and a hymenial surface with some
convex granules like those of Grandinia granulosa. The original
description is erroneous in stating that the fructifications are
closely adnate and that the spores are globose and 3 [a in diameter.

Specimens examined:
Ontario: Ottawa, McKay's Lake, J. Macoun, 175, type (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.) and a specimen from the type collection,

comm. by J. Macoun; Harraby, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 680;

St. Lawrence Valley, J". Macoun, 85.
New York: Mt. Mclntyre, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55777).
Montana: Rockhill, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11960

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63317).
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11158M, 11 491 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63254, 63279); Priest River, J. R. Weir, 20.
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts. near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 517,

525 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5068, 19430).
Oregon: Portland, C. J. Humphrey, 6126.
New Mexico: Cloudcroft, W. H. Long, 19524 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44765).

3. P. arachnoidea Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, fragile, small pieces separ-
able, white, becoming cartridge-buff in the herbarium, the hy-
menium continuous, not shining, fragile, loosely supported on an
arachnoid subiculum, the margin delicately fibrillose or arach-

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 221

noid; in section 150-300 ^ thick, not colored, 2-layered, with the
layer next to the substratum composed of very loosely arranged,
nodose-septate, hyaline hyphae 3-4 ^ in diameter and with the
hymenial layer about 50 y. thick, compact; no gloeocystidia;
cystidia numerous, tapering, rough or granule-incrusted near the
tips, 4-6 (j. in diameter, protruding up to 40 y. beyond the basidia;
spores hyaline, even, 3-4 X 2-2 J/£ \l, copious.

Fructifications 1-4 cm. in diameter.

On bark of fallen limbs of Populus and A Inus. New Hampshire,
New York, Alabama, and Oregon. October and November. Rare.

P. arachnoidea has the aspect of Corticium arachnoideum but
is a Peniophora. The hyphae and their arrangement are like
those of P. cremea. The microscopic characters are so similar to
those of Coniophora byssoidea that the gatherings from northern
localities may possibly be white forms of the latter which I have
erroneously included under P. arachnoidea.

Specimens examined:
New Hampshire: Hanover, on Populus, G. R. Lyman, 27 (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61589, and

Burt Herb.).
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2589, formerly referred by

me to C. byssoidea; Karner, on Populus, H. D. House (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54376).
Alabama: Auburn, on Alnus, F. S. Earle, 97, type, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Montgomery County, R. P. Burke,

867 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57234).
British Columbia: Salmo, J. R. Weir, 472, 480 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63357, 63387).
Oregon: White Pine, on hymenium of Thelephora terrestris, J. R.

Weir, 620 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13999).

4. P. inconspicua (B. & C.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25:
149. pi. 47, f. 14- 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 21 : 410. 1912.

Corticium inconspicuum Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 10: 336. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 615. 1888.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, small, orbicular, gregarious, be-
coming confluent, membranaceous, small pieces separable, white

[Vol. 12
222 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

when fresh, becoming light buff in the herbarium, even, setulose
with the cystidia, the margin composed of radiating hyphae; in
section 250-300 \i thick, not colored, composed of densely inter-
woven, rather thick-walled and rigid, ascending hyphae 3-4 (x in
diameter, not incrusted; no gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted,
fusoid, 50-60 X 12-15 y., scattered in the surface of the hymen-
ium; spores in a crushed preparation are hyaline, even, 4 X 3 p.,
so few that they may not belong.

Fructifications about 2 mm. in diameter, becoming more or less
confluent over areas up to 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide.

On bark of dead frondose limbs. West Indies. December and
March.

P. inconspicua has small clustered fructifications becoming
confluent and very large cystidia scattered along the surface of
the hymenium and none wholly immersed. In one portion of
my sections the hyphae next to the substratum are slightly
brownish and suggestive of those of a resupinate Stereum but I
do not recall an effuso-reflexed Stereum of which P. inconspicua
may be the resupinate fructification.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: Mountain of Rangel, C. Wright, Fungi Cubenses Wrighti-

ani, 841, type (in Kew Herb., Curtis Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., Burt Herb., and an unnumbered portion in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.).
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. R. Johnston, 1664, comm. by J. A.

Stevenson (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13223).

5. P. galochroa Bresadola, Hedwigia 35: 200. 1896; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 14:224. 1899.

Type: a part in Burt Herb.

Broadly effused, membranaceous, small pieces separable, from
white becoming pinkish buff, finally cracked and silky along the
crevices, the margin somewhat fimbriate at first, soon similar; in
section 250-400 (a thick, not colored, with hyphae rather stiff,
thick-walled, 2-2J^ y. in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-
septate, longitudinally arranged in a thin layer next to the
substratum, densely interwoven in the broad middle region, the
hymenial layer about 50 \l thick; no gloeocystidia; cystidia coarsely

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 223

incrusted, fusiform, 25-50 X 9-10 [x, barely protruding, usually
immersed in all parts of the hymenial layer; spores published by
Bresadola as 53^-63^ X 4-43^ [x but I find the type sterile.

Fructifications 3-6 cm. long, 1 3^-2 ^ cm. wide.

On bark of decaying branches and on wood. Brazil and West
Indies. August to December. Rare.

In aspect P. galochroa is somewhat suggestive of Corticium
portentosum but much thinner and very different in structure by
the presence of cystidia which are confined to a hymenial layer
not more than 50 [i thick in the specimens studied. The speci-
mens from the West Indies, which I have referred to P. galochroa,
have subglobose spores about 3 [x in diameter and are perhaps
a distinct species if P. galochroa has as large spores as published
by Bresadola, butl find the portion of the type communicated
to me wholly sterile.

Specimens examined:
Brazil: Blumenau, A. Moller, type, from Bresadola.
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 331, 751, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J". A. Stevenson, 2985 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 7799). ^0 \

6. P. odontioides Burt, n. sp. **"**

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, arachnoid-membranaceous,
tender, small pieces separable when moistened, white, even, not
shining, the margin thinning out, fibrillose; in section 50-130 y.
thick, not colored, composed of thin-walled, loosely interwoven,
suberect hyphae about 4-4J^ {x in diameter, incrusted, becoming
collapsed; no gloeocystidia; cystidia of Odontia type, trans-
versely septate, cylindric-obtuse, 8 y. in diameter, protruding up
to 45 (x, not incrusted or with a few incrusting granules; spores
hyaline, even, 9-12 X 4-43/2 V-i copious.

Fructifications in fragments which are 2-3 cm. long, 5-6 mm.
wide.

On decaying frondose wood. Canada. July to September.

P. odontioides is distinguished among our thin, white species
by having large, cross-septate cystidia such as are common in

o

[Vol. 12
224 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

many species of Odontia where they are clustered together in the
granules, but in the present species such cystidia are distributed
along an even hymenium devoid of granules.

Specimens examined:
Canada: J. Macoun, 20; St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 14-
Manitoba: 52° 15' north latitude, Swan River, G. R. Bisby, 1047,

type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59034).

7. P. exigua Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, small, circular, gregarious, thin, some-
what membranaceous, tender, small pieces separable when
moistened, snow-white, even, contracting in drying and cracking
into polygonal masses 1-2 mm. in diameter, with the white
arachnoid subiculum visible on the sides of the fissures, the
margin narrow, white, arachnoid; in section 150-180 \i thick,
not colored, with some hyphae densely arranged parallel with
the substratum and then ascending and loosely interwoven to the
hymenial layer, about 3 \l in diameter, thin-walled, not nodose-
septate, perhaps slightly incrusted in the hymenial layer; no
gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted, cylindric, 30-60 X 6-7 [i, con-
fined to the hymenial layer and usually wholly immersed, a few
protruding up to 12 (j. beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even,
4-5 X 2}4 I*.

Fructifications 1-12 mm. in diameter — 8 in an area 4x1
cm. and probably becoming confluent.

On bark of dead, fallen limbs, about 12 mm. in diameter, of a
frondose species. Mexico. December.

P. exigua is distinguished among our species by its clustered,
small, snow-white fructifications which crack into small polygonal
masses.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: near Guernavaca, altitude 4500 m., W. A, & E.L. Mur-

rill, 877, type, and 378 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54474,

54473, respectively).

8. P. laxa Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 225

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, waxy-membranaceous,
loosely attached to the substratum by a cottony subiculum,
tender, small pieces separable, becoming pale ivory-yellow in the
herbarium, even, not much cracked, the margin thinning out,
fibrillose, with some mycelial strands; in section 200-300 \l thick,
not colored, with the thin, compact hymenium supported by a
very broad layer of loosely interwoven, thin-walled, granule-
incrusted hyphae 13^-2 (x, rarely 3 (x, in diameter, with the
hyphae more densely arranged in a middle zone of this layer; no
gloeocystidia ; cystidia not incrusted or with only a few incrusting
granules, 43^-6 \i in diameter, protruding up to about 30-50 \l
beyond the basidia, often capitate and 6-9 (jl in diameter at the
apex; basidia up to 6 \l in diameter, with 4 sterigmata; spores
hyaline, even, spherical, 43^-6 y. in diameter, copious.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-23^ cm. wide.

In woods on bark with the wood underneath wholly decayed.
British Columbia. December.

P. laxa is probably white when growing and assumed the pale
ivory-yellow tint in the herbarium; the aspect is like that of P.
arachnoidea but with globose spores. P. sphaerospora of Europe
has similar spores but much coarser, erect hyphae and different
cystidia.

Specimens examined:
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 8, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5767).

, 9. P. humifaciens Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, circular, thin, membranaceous, loosely
attached by white rhizomorphic strands from the substratum,
easily separable, white, becoming somewhat pale pinkish buff in
the herbarium, the margin thinning out, floccose; in section
150 t^ thick, not colored, with hyphae hyaline, up to 5 y. in diameter
and coarsest next to the substratum, very loosely arranged,
branching and becoming 3 (j. in diameter towards the hymenial
layer, nodose-septate, with few incrusting granules; no gloeo-
cystidia, hymenial layer 30-40 \l thick, continuous; cystidia not
incrusted, 3-3J^ ^ in diameter at base, protruding 25-40 |a,

[Vol. 12
226 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

tapering, attenuated to a long and very sharp point; basidia
with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, about 2J^
X 2 (jl, copious.

Fructifications 2-2}^ cm. in diameter.

On very rotten coniferous log — perhaps Thuja. Washington.
October. Rare.

P. humifaciens was so sparingly and loosely connected with the
substratum by the white, mycelial strands that the impact of a
hatchet against the log caused fructifications to fall away. P.
arachnoidea, a related species, has quite different hyphae and
cystidia and mode of attachment.

Specimens examined:
Washington: Chehalis, C. J. Humphrey, 6266, type.

10. P. Candida (Pers.) Lyman, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc.
33: 167. pi 20, f. 44-55, pi 26, f. 138. F. 1907.

Aegerita Candida Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 120.
1794 (imperfect stage); Syn. Fung. 684. 1801; Fries, Syst.
Myc. 3 : 220. 1829; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4 : 661. 1886.— Sclerotium
Aegerita Hoffmann, Fl. Germ. 2: pi 9,f. 1. 1795. — Peniophora
Aegerita (Hoffm.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien
Sitzungsber. 116: 814. 1907; 123: 83. 1914; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
21: 410. 1912; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 382.
1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 687. 1922. — Kneiffia farinosa Bresadola,
Ann. Myc. 1: 105. 1903; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 178. 1905.

Illustrations: See Sacc. Syll. Fung. 19: 25, for numerous
figures of imperfect stage.

Fructifications effused, thin, adnate, very tender, at first fari-
nose, then forming a continuous hymenium, white to pale cream-
color, very minutely velvety under a lens, the margin thinning
out, indeterminate, usually with clusters of the minute, globose,
white, imperfect stage adjoining; in section 40-100 y. thick, not
colored, with hyphae suberect, thin-walled, collapsing, of ir-
regular outline, about 4 y. in diameter; no gloeocystidia; cystidia
incrusted, scattered, starting from the substratum, 40-100 X
6-12 \l; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 6-7 X 43/£-6 \l.

Fructifications 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On decaying wood and fallen branches of Alnus, Populus, Acer,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 227

Ulmus, etc., and on the ground. In Europe, and from Massa-
chusetts to Missouri. October and November. Rare.

The association of the effused, white fructifications of P. Can-
dida, with the clustered, small, globose, white or cream-colored
fructifications — about 5 or 6 to a mm. — of the imperfect stage,
Aegerita Candida, affords an easy means of recognizing P. Candida.

Specimens examined:
Poland : Eichler, part of the type of Kneiffia farinosa, comm. by

Bresadola.
France: Allier, H. Bourdot, 19908.
New Hampshire: Hanover, G. R. Lyman.
Massachusetts: Arlington, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G.

Farlow, 33; Waverly, G. R. Lyman, two gatherings.
New York: Ithaca Flats, G. F. Atkinson.
Missouri: Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56059), and F. P. McWhorter (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57309).

11. P. cana Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, hypochnoid,
not forming an interwoven membrane, pilose under a lens, the
margin pruinose, indeterminate; in section 10-30 pi thick, not
colored, consisting of short, erect, simple or once- or twice-
branched hyphae Z-V/i ^ in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-
septate, and of large cystidia; no gloeocystidia ; cystidia heavily
incrusted, conical, 50-60 X 10-18 [l, protruding 30-45 ji, start-
ing from the substratum, very numerous; spores hyaline, even,
3-3 Y% X V/2 [l as seen on basidia.

Fructifications fragmentary, with the fragments 1H~2 cm.
long, 10-15 mm. wide.

On dark, brittle wood humus — probably of a frondose species.
Florida. March.

P. cana is so thin and hoary that it is likely to be regarded as a
Hyphomycete unless examined with the microscope. The large,
conical, incrusted cystidia and small spores distinguish it from
P. albugo.

Specimens examined:
Florida: Cutler Hummock, W. A. Murrill, 82, type, and 83,

[Vol. 12
228 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
62102, 62103).

12. P. irregularis Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, adnate, fiocculent, tender,
white, interrupted, somewhat lacunose, not shining, the margin
thinning out, with hyphae interwoven; in section 45-75 y. thick,
not colored, composed of interwoven, hyaline, incrusted hyphae
2 J/2 (a m diameter; no gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted with
coarse granules, 15-22 X 8-12 \l, barely protruding, confined to
the hymenium; spores hyaline, even, 4J^ X 2% V-, borne 4 to a
basidium.

Fructification &/% cm. long and broken off at one end, 1 cm.
wide.

On bark of a rotten frondose limb about 7 mm. in diameter.
Cuba. December.

P. irregularis is a thin, white species of fiocculent texture
rather than waxy, with the dark substratum visible in small
spaces not covered by the fructification.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: near Havana, C. J. Humphrey, 2953, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 9010).

13. P. albofarcta Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, dry, spongy-membranaceous,
light buff to pinkish buff in the herbarium, minutely velutinous
under a lens, even, but little cracked, the margin thinning out,
minutely tomentose; in structure 200-350 y. thick, not colored,
composed of a broad layer of loosely interwoven, rather rigid
hyphae 3-3}^ ^ in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate,
and of a dense hymenial layer about 100 ^ thick; no gloeocystidia;
cystidia incrusted, slender-fusiform, 50-90 X 6-9 n, protruding
up to 30 [l, numerous in all parts of the hymenial layer; spores
hyaline, even, spherical, 3-4 ^ in diameter, only few found but
seem to belong.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 229

Fructifications in fragments 5 mm.-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide.

On very rotten wood of stump of orange tree (Citrus). Louisi-
ana. December.

The fructifications of P. albofarcta are scarcely distinguishable
in color from the rotten wood upon which grown. The occurrence
on Citrus wood, velvety hymenium, globose spores, and thick and
loosely interwoven subiculum seem good, distinctive characters.

Specimens examined :
Louisiana: Point a la Hache, A. B. Langlois, 894, type (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63729, and Burt

Herb.).

14. P. longispora (Pat.) v. Hohnel, Ann. Myc. 3: 325. 1905;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 392. 1913; Rea, Brit.
Basid. 690. 1922.

Hypochnus longisporus Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 1894: 221.
1894; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 130. 1895.— Kneiffia longispora
(Pat.) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 : 105. 1903.

Fructifications widely effused, thin, pubescent, hypochnoid,
not separable, white, becoming pale smoke-gray to pale olive-
buff in the herbarium, the margin thinning out; in structure
30-120 [i thick, not colored, composed of suberect, loosely ar-
ranged, thin-walled, rough-walled, nodose-septate hyphae 2}^-
3 p. in diameter, and of cystidia; no gloeocystidia; cystidia acicular,
rough- walled, 40-80 X 3-4 p., protruding up to 60 n; spores
white in spore collection, even, 6-15 X 2J^-3 \l.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide.

On bark and decaying wood of frondose species usually — es-
pecially Populus — rarely on conifers. In Europe and Africa and
from Maine to Louisiana, Montana to Washington, and in the
West Indies. July to March. Frequent.

P. longispora is well marked by its thin, white fructifications,
hyphae, and needle-shaped cystidia rough or somewhat barbed
with minute crystals, and the slender spores. There are few
resupinate species which may be more confidently recognized.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Lappland, L. Romell, 316; Stockholm, L. Romell, 411.
Poland: Russian Poland, Eichler, comm. by G. Bresadola.

[Vol. 12
230 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Austria: Innsbruck, Tirol, V. Litschauer.

France: Allier, H. Bourdot, 4073, 20807; Aveyron, A. Galzin,

11842, 17636, comm. by H. Bourdot, 20861, 20862.
England: Doncaster, E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57118).
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt
New York: East Berne, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14859).
Florida: Royal Palm Hummock, W. A. Murrill, 105, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62105).
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, C. J. Humphrey, 2529 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 20690); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, br, dk.
Montana: Columbia Falls, C. J. Humphrey, 7239 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 12526).
Idaho: Coolin, /. R. Weir, 11255, 11541 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63259, 63296).
Washington: Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6339.
Cuba: C. G. Lloyd, 436 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55169).
Jamaica: Blue Hole, W. A. Murrill, 231, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 5.

15. P. asperipilata Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, closely adnate, snow-white,
velvety, the margin thinning out; in section 45-60 y. thick, not
colored, composed of somewhat erect, loosely interwoven, thin-
walled hyphae 3 \l in diameter, not incrusted, occasionally nodose-
septate, which terminate in cystidia and clusters of basidia form-
ing a hymenium barely continuous; no gloeocystidia; cystidia
hair-like, slender, tapering to a sharp point, conspicuously den-
ticulate or rough, 30-60 X 3-5 [l, protruding up to 50 \l beyond
the basidia, very numerous; basidia 4-spored; spores hyaline,
even, subglobose, 3}^-4 y. in diameter.

Fructifications 1-2J^ cm. in diameter in the fragmentary
specimens known to me.

On rough bark of a frondose species. Louisiana and Texas.
April and May. Rare.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 231

P. asperipilata is a delicate, white, hypochnoid species covering
very rough decaying bark. It is noteworthy by the abundant,
needle-shaped, thin-walled cystidia with denticulate sides and by
the globose spores.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 44, comm. by Lloyd

Herb., 2395, and |$g£, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44067).
Texas: Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 265, type (in U. S. Dept. Agr.

Jlerb. and Burt Herb.).

16. P. albugo Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, filmy-pruinose, adnate,
whitish, pale smoke-gray in the herbarium, even, the margin in-
determinate, pruinose; in section 25-50 ^ thick, not colored, with
the basidia and cystidia starting directly from the substratum or
with only very short, erect, intervening hyphae 23^-3 \l in diam-
eter, thin- walled, collapsing; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not in-
crusted, 40-50 X 4J^-6 [l, protruding up to 40 p.; spores white
in spore collections, even, 5-8 X 3-43^ n, borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 5-8 cm. long, lJ^-3 cm. wide.

Under side of decaying frondose wood. Louisiana. December
and April.

P. albugo is a whitish, pruinose, filmy growth resembling in
aspect the young sterile mycelia which are sent in for determina-
tion in nearly ail extensive series of specimens, but in this instance
Mr. Langlois took spore falls on glass from the specimens — a
highly commendable method of saving time, which is wasted
when sectional preparations are made of mere mycelia, and also
of keeping rubbish from preservation in the herbarium. P. al-
bugo is related to P. detritica of France but has less membra-
naceous fructifications and more elongated spores.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, ba, type, and dl.

17. P. albula Atkinson & Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Vol. 12
232 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications long-effused, adnate, thin, tender, small pieces
separable, white, becoming light buff when old and in the her-
barium, somewhat granular, becoming cracked into polygonal
masses 1-2 mm. in diameter, the margin thinning out; in section
70-200 \k thick, not colored, composed of suberect, thin-walled,
branching hyphae about 3 [x in diameter, occasionally nodose-
septate, not incrusted, sometimes slightly brownish near the
substratum; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted, 3 pi in di-
ameter, tapering towards the apex, protruding 10-20 y., sometimes
very few and inconspicuous; spores hyaline, even, 4-6 X 2%-

3 \L.

Fructifications 2-20 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On bark of fallen decaying branches on the ground, of Alnus,
Acer, Tilia, Populus, and other frondose species. Canada to
Alabama and westward to Washington. July to February.
Frequent.

P. albula belongs near P. Sambuci on account of its white color,
somewhat granular hymenium, and minute cystidia which are not
incrusted and sometimes so few and inconspicuous that they may
possibly be overlooked, and the specimen referred to Corticium.
P. albula differs from P. Sambuci in not having the hyphae in-
crusted in a subhymenial zone and in having them sometimes
slightly brownish towards the substratum.

Specimens examined:
/ Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 409, under the name Corticium

calceum.
Canada: J. Macoun, 5, type; Beechwood Cemetery, other locality

not given, /. Macoun, 58; Ottawa, J". Macoun, 9.
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, D (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56132).
Massachusetts: Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, 137, comm. by Farlow

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59628); Wayland, A. B. Sey-
mour, T 8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19550).
New York: Albany, H. D. House, 3 gatherings (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57447, 59683, 59686);

Ithaca, several collections by G. F. Atkinson, H. L. Jackson,

C. 0. Smith, and Van Hook, comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 8028,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 233

8069, 8072, 8235, 14392, 14393; Karner, H. D. House (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54373); New

York, Bronx Park, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61592, and Burt Herb.).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, J 87, D 81, comm. by Farlow

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8266, 14689, 7458), and in

Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 409.
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, A. S. Rhoads, comm. by L. O.

Overholts, 2679 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5919).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1271, 1272.
District of Columbia: Chive Chose, J. R. Weir, 372 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 17649).
Virginia: Chain Bridge, A. S. Rhoades, comm. by L. O. Overholts,

3969 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54986).
Florida : W. W. Calkins, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 127, 157 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5499, 44964).
Iowa: Woodbine, C. J. Humphrey & C. W. Edgerton, comm. by

C. J. Humphrey, 6511, 6546 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11063,

11276).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 894, 900.

18. P. Sambuci (Pers.) Burt, n. comb.

Corticium Sambuci Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 111.
1794; Fries, Epicr. 565. 1838; Hym. Eur. 660. 1874; Berkeley,
Outlines Brit. Fung. 276. 1860; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 137. 1890; Wakefield, Brit. Myc. Soc. Trans. 4: 115. pi. 3,
f.1,2. 1913 ; Rea, Brit. Basid. 677. 1922,—Thelephora Sambuci
Persoon, Syn. Fung. 581. 1801; Myc. Eur. 1: 152. 1822 (in
subgenus Corticium). — Hypochnus Sambuci (Pers.) Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 656. 1888. — Thelephora sera Persoon, Syn. Fung. 580.
1801; Myc. Eur. 1: 151. 1822 (in subgenus Corticium).— Cor-
ticium serum (Pers.) Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3:
112. 1897; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 246. 1911.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, incrusting, not separ-
able, snow-white or chalk-white, sometimes becoming pale
cream-color in the herbarium, granular and pruinose, the margin
thinning out; in section 100-250 jjl thick, not colored, composed

[Vol. 12
234 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

of suberect, somewhat interwoven, thin- walled, incrusted hyphae
2J^-3 (x thick, occasionally nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia;
cystidia not incrusted, tapering towards the apex, 3 ^ in di-
ameter, protruding 10-30 jx beyond the basidia; spores hyaline,
even, 4-5K X 3-4 (a.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, often surrounding
small twigs.

On bark and wood of fallen Sambucus and other frondose
species. In Europe and throughout North America. Through-
out the year. Very common.

This species is very common, and has become so well known to
mycologists early in their work, under its original name Cor-
ticium Sambuci that there has been a reluctance, which I feel
also, to call it Peniophora Sambuci, which its structure really
requires. Its cystidia have been termed sterile basidia and cys-
tidioles, but they differ in no morphological respect from the
cystidia of other species of Peniophora. The species occurs in
especially fine condition on Sambucus, and it is well to use such
specimens as standards for comparison.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 3135, 4715; Brinkmann,

Westfalische Pilze, 10; Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 63, 213;

Cooke, Fungi Brit., 408; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 607, under the

name Corticium scutellare; Krieger, Fungi Sax., 523; Romell,

Fungi Scand., 35; Roumeguere, Fungi Gallici, 2911; Westen-

dorp, Herb. Crypt. Beige, 588.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 129, 200, and in Romell, Fungi

Scand., 35.
Germany: Saxony, Krieger, Fungi Sax., 523; Westphalia, in

Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 10.
Austria: Tirol, Innsbruck, V. Litschauer.
Italy: Rome, G. Bresadola; Brixia, A. Marozzi, and Papia, F.

Cavara, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 63 and 213 respec-
tively.
England: Forden, E. Vize, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 408.
Belgium: Courtrai, in Westendorp, Herb. Crypt. Beige, 588.
France: Fautrey, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 4326, 4357; Bois de

Vincennes, N. Patouillard (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 235

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55906); Rouen, in Roumeguere, Fungi

Gallici, 2911.
Canada: J. Macoun, 21, 26; Lake Rosseau, E.T. & S. A. Harper,

754; Ottawa, J. Macoun, 370.
Maine: F. L. Harvey (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55804).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 2, and C3 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43893).
Vermont: Grand View Mountain, E. A. Burt; Middlebury, E. A.

Burt, 4 gatherings; Weybridge, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: East Wareham, C. L. Shear, 2903 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 15448).
New York: Clarksville, C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18281); Constableville, C. H.

Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T4 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54571); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 942, 4567, 8047,

22960; Lyndonville, C. E. Fairman, comm. by N. Y. State

Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57512); Marcellus,

L. M. Underwood, 62 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 61595); New York, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61595).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 607.
Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 11.
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 5662; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, dd, 37,

comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2384, and 1944, comm. by W. G. Far-
low (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44065).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

5584); Gogebic County, E. A. Bessey, 372 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56636).
Missouri: Creve Coeur, L. 0. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63704); St. Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63466,

58335).
Kansas: Stockton, E. Bartholomew, 5815, 8206 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 16709, 62175), and in Bartholomew, Fungi Col.,

4715; Rooks County, E. Bartholomew, 2045 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 4827).
Washington: Bainbridge Island, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholo-

[Vol. 12
236 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

mew, Fungi Col., 3135; Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6311;
Sedro-Woolley, C. J. Humphrey, 7464.

California: Claremont, /. M. Johnston, comm. by L. O. Over-
holts, 3645 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54699); Santa Catalina
Island, L. W. Nuttall, 522b (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57622).

Mexico : Guernavaca, W.A.&E.L. Murrill, 391, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54548); Orizaba,
W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 756, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb,
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54644).

19. P. Thujae Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, closely adnate, white, sometimes
becoming cartridge-buff in the herbarium, the margin thinning
out; in section 40-150 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae
loosely arranged, suberect, interwoven, 2-3 pi in diameter,
nodose-septate, thin-walled, becoming incrusted in a subhymenial
zone; no gloeocystidia; cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, 3 \l in
diameter at the base, tapering upward and sometimes some-
what capitate at apex, protruding 20-30 y. beyond the basidia;
spores white in a spore collection, 4-5 X 3 \l.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, on trunks of
Thuja, more rarely on Juniperus and Pinus Strobus. Canada to
Massachusetts, and westward to Missouri. July to October.
Occasional.

P. Thujae may be recognized by its thin, white fructifications
on white cedar, with microscopic structure as stated. It differs
from Peniophora Sambuci in having thinner fructifications, not
becoming granular and pruinose, cystidia numerous, and in oc-
currence on a coniferous substratum.

Specimens examined:
Canada: J. Macoun 62; St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 68, 80;

Ottawa, J. Macoun (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55813), and 45, and J. M. Macoun (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56078) ; Quebec,

Hull, J. Macoun, 173.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 3 gatherings, one of which is

the type.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 237

Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow, f; Newton, W. G.

Farlow.
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 1W6; North River, C. H.
>Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T5 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54569).
Missouri: St. Louis, E. A. Burt.

20. P. montana Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, adnate, tender, whitish to ivory-
yellow, widely cracked in drying and showing the loose subiculum
on the sides of the crevices, the margin thinning out, somewhat
floccose; in section 200-225 (i thick, not colored, composed of
loosely interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae 4-5 \x in di-
ameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate, of irregular outline;
no gloeocystidia; cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, conical, taper-
ing to a sharp apex, 6-9 y. in diameter at the base, protruding
up to 40 \x) spores hyaline, even, cylindric, slightly curved, 12-
14 X 4-5 [l.

Fragmentary fructification 4 cm. long, 1 cm. wide.

On badly decayed coniferous wood at an altitude of 10,000 ft.
Colorado. July. Rare.

P. montana is noteworthy by having spores as large as those of
P. mutata, but the fructifications are thinner and more tender
than those of P. mutata and occur on coniferous wood and have
no gloeocystidia.

Specimens examined:
Colorado: Ouray, C. L. Shear, 1188, type.

21. P. terricola Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, closely adnate, somewhat mem-
branaceous, white, not waxy, the margin indeterminate, thinning
out; in section 100-200 (i thick, not colored, composed of sub-
erect, branching hyphae 3-6 [l in diameter, incrusted, densely
interwoven and with more or less sand intermixed ; no gloeocys-
tidia; cystidia not incrusted, cylindric, 4-6 [i in diameter, pro-
truding 20-50 (j. beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-6
X 3-4 ii.

[Vol. 12
238 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications received in fragments but probably about 1-3
cm. in diameter.

On ground in mixed woods. New York and Louisiana. April
and June.

The fructifications of P. terricola contain so much of the sand
from the earth substratum that it is difficult to secure sections
or to distinguish the fructification proper from its vegetative
mycelium. The occurrence in small white patches on the ground,
and the characters of spores and cystidia may enable recognition
of this species which is probably common.

Specimens examined:
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 22658, 22659, type.
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, bq.

22. P. magnahypha Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications interruptedly effused, thin, adnate, between pale
drab-gray and pale vinaceous-fawn, contracting in drying into
small, more or less completely separated masses, not waxy, the
margin thinning out; in section 150-180 ^ thick, not colored,
composed of erect hyphae 9-10 y. in diameter which start from
the substratum at points 30-100 y. apart, branch repeatedly into
branches of smaller diameter, are sparingly granule-incrusted,
and terminate in large clusters of basidia and one or a few cys-
tidia forming a hymenium; no gloeocystidia ; cystidia not in-
crusted, septate, 9 ^ in diameter, protruding up to 60 \l beyond
the basidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even,
9-10 X 6 [x.

Fructifications up to 4 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

On decaying wood of a frondose species. Florida. Autumn.

While preliminary inspection of P. magnahypha with a lens
does not promise more than any one of the great number of little-
differentiated, perplexing, whitish resupinate species difficult
to identify yet doing an important work in splitting up complex
organic compounds, nevertheless its structural characters are
unique. The combination of coarse, scattered, trunk-like, erect
hyphae with the main trunk hypha or some of its principal
branches protruding through and beyond the flat-topped cluster

1925]

~ BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 239

of basidia as a transversely septate cystidium should lead to the
ready recognition of this species when sectional preparations are
studied.

Specimens examined:
Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxtery 57, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43947).

23. P. exilis Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, very thin, closely adnate,
pale olive-buff, even, somewhat velutinous, the margin thinning
out, indeterminate; in section 30-60 \l thick, not colored, com-
posed of erect, bushy-branched hyphae 3 \t, in diameter, ascending
from the substratum, soon terminating in basidia and cystidia,
not nodose-septate, with very little, if any, incrustation; no
gloeocystidia; cystidia hair-like, irregular, flexuous, 30 X 4J/£-

5 pi, protruding up to 20 [l, few and scattered; basidia simple,
with 4 short sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, 4^-5 X 23^-3 p.

Fructifications 1-6 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide.

On bark of decaying branches of frondose species in moist
virgin forest. Mexico. January.

The fructifications of P. exilis occur as a thin, downy, gray
coating on very rotten branches 1-2 cm. in diameter. The pale
olive-buff color should be helpful in separating this species from
the great number more white in color.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 385, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54467);

Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 757, type, and 780, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54619,

54620).

24. P. livida Fries in herb, under Corticium, n. sp.
Peniophora serialis in part of v. Hohnel & Litschauer, Bourdot

6 Galzin, and Rea. — Not Corticium seriate Fries of Fries Herb. —
Not Xerocarpus Cacao Karsten, Hedwigia 29: 271. 1890.

Type: in Herb. Fries, determined by E. Fries as Corticium
lividum.

[Vol. 12
240 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications longitudinally effused, closely adnate, waxy-
soft, variable in color, pale olive-gray and pale olive-buff to fawn-
color in the herbarium, glabrous, even, not cracked usually,
rarely with a few fissures from contraction in drying, the margin
thinning out; in section 75-500 \l thick, not colored, composed of
densely interwoven, rather erect hyphae about 3 y. in diameter,
indistinct, with the wall gelatinously modified; no gloeocystidia ;
cystidia not incrusted, tapering to a sharp apex, 3J^-6 \l in di-
ameter, protruding up to 40 (jl beyond the basidia; spores hyaline,
even, 4-5 X lJ^-2 \l.

Fructifications 3-12 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

Generally on old, decaying, coniferous wood, rarely on frondose
wood. Europe, Louisiana, and British Columbia. Throughout
the year.

P. livida may be best recognized by its close resemblance in
aspect to even specimens of common Corticium lividum Pers.,
from which the presence of cystidia separate it. P. livida is one
of the 3 species which European mycologists, following Bresadola,
have been inclined to regard as sufficiently meeting the original
description of Corticium seriate that one could ignore the fact
that the species concerned do not agree in structure with one
another, nor with any of the specimens in Kew Herbarium or
Fries Herbarium, determined by Elias Fries as Corticium seriate.
With regard to the appliability of the original description of
Corticium seriate, it emphasizes rimose and testaceous fructi-
fications which are not characters of P. livida. It might solve
the problem of Corticium seriate Fr. to search in Sweden for a
true Corticium which is testaceous and rimose and could be com-
pared with the specimen in Kew Herbarium determined by Fries
— something more like Corticium Cacao Karst, which has the
hymenium somewhat deteriorated in my specimen so that I can-
not be quite positive as to its genus from this specimen alone
but seems to me to be a true Corticium.

Specimens examined:
Sweden : E. Fries, type, the thinner and paler of the specimens in

Herb. E. Fries, determined by E. Fries as Corticium lividum;

L. Romell, 108, 109; Femsjo, L. Romell, 410; Stockholm,

L. Romell, 198, 826, 345, 362.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 241

Austria: Tirol, Innsbruck, V. Litschauer, 3 specimens under the

name P. serialis.
Louisiana: Bogalusa, C. J. Humphrey, 5547.
British Columbia: Revelstoke, C. W. Dodge, 1639 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 58784); Sidney, J. Macoun, 9 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5768); Victoria, /. Macoun, 541 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63728).

25. P. phyllophila Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 150.
1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 238. 1891; Rea, Brit. Basid., 697.
1922.

Asterostromella epiphylla v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 773. textf. 3. 1907.

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 457, under the
name Corticium epiphyllum.

Fructification broadly effused, thin, closely adnate, not at all
separable, whitish, becoming olive-buff in the herbarium, the
margin thinning out; in section 40-80 \l thick, not colored, com-
posed of suberect, interwoven, branching, thin-walled hyphae
2 (jl in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate, bearing clus-
ters of basidia and branching paraphyses ; also present occasional,
tapering cystidia not incrusted, 30-45 X 4-10 [l, usually im-
mersed, occasionally protruding up to 32 \l beyond the basidia;
paraphyses colorless, branching at the hymenial surface into an
antler-shaped form with very slender prongs; spores published
by v. Hohn. & Lits. as 10-22 X 1^-3 {x.

Fructifications up to 5 cm. in diameter.

On fallen frondose leaves in South Carolina and on fallen de-
caying frondose limbs in Florida and Central America.

P. phyllophila is apparently a tropical species occurring more
frequently on epidermis of small fallen twigs and ranging north-
ward to South Carolina. I have studied specimens of the type
distribution in the copies of Ravenel, Fungi Americana, of
Farlow Herbarium, Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium,
United States Department of Agriculture Herbarium, and Burt
Herbarium, and find these specimens to be the same in structure
and all showing the distinctive antler-shaped paraphyses em-
phasized by v. Hohnel & Litschauer, and also tapering, non-

[Vol. 12
242 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

incrusted cystidia which are presumably what Massee really
saw. I see no reason for displacing the specific name given by
Massee for the later combination proposed by v. Hohnel &
Litschauer. The basidia are so young that I found none bearing
sterigmata nor spores and only twice slender spores 12-15 X

3 [L.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Am., 457, type distribution, under the

name Corticium epiphyllum.
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenely in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

457.
Florida: W. W. Calkins.
Central America: Panama Chagres, F. L. Stevens, 1300 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63521).

26. P. piliseta Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Burt Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, thin, somewhat mem-
branaceous, tender, small pieces separable when moistened,
whitish cream-color in the herbarium, not cracked, not shining,
the margin thinning out, with the hyphae interwoven; in section
100-120 \l thick, not colored, composed of ordinary, interwoven,
thin-walled hyphae about 3 y. in diameter, not incrusted nor
nodose-septate, and of a system of hyaline tissue about 1 \l in
diameter, not taking stain, branching like the coarser tissue of
Corticium investiens and with its delicate antler-shaped branches
barely visible in the hymenial surface; no gloeocystidia; cystidia
not incrusted, cylindric, obtuse, 4}^-6 ^ in diameter, protruding
30-45 {i, confined to the surface of the hymenium; spores hyaline,
even, cylindric, biguttulate, 9-11 X 4-43^ fx, copious.

Fructification 7% cm. long, broken off at one end, 10-15 mm.
wide.

On a very rotten, small, frondose limb about 1 cm. in diameter.
Porto Rico. June.

P. piliseta is noteworthy by having in addition to an ordinary
hyphal system in its fructification an additional system, inter-
mixed with the first, of delicate, branching organs not taking

«V

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 243

stain, such as is more distinctly visible, because coarser, in P.
phyllophila, Hypochnus pallescens, Corticium investiens and
Grandinia granulosa, and whose peripheral branches are more or
less visible in the surface of the hymenium as antler-shaped
paraphyses. P. mexicana has coarser hyphae and more hypoch-
noid surface.

Specimens examined:
Porto Rico : Martin Pifia, Rio Piedras, J. R. Johnston, 971 a, type

(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63243, and

Burt Herb.).

27. P. mexicana Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, adnate, dry, hypochnoid,
thin, cream color in the herbarium, even, velutinous under a
lens, not cracked, the margin thinning out; in section 140 [l
thick, not colored, composed of even- walled, rather rigid, loosely
arranged, branching hyphae 5-7 ^ in diameter, not incrusted,
not nodose-septate, which ascend obliquely from the substratum
and bear a dense hymenium containing numerous cystidia and
branching, filiform paraphyses (or perhaps conidiophores) ; no
gloeocystidia; cystidia minutely incrusted or rough, tapering,
60-100 X 5-9 (A, protruding 40-60 [i; spores (perhaps conidia)
hyaline, even, 6-7J^ X 4-5 jx, copious.

Fructifications 4 cm. long and broken off at both ends, 6 mm.
wide.

In depressed places on very rotten frondose wood. Mexico.
January.

The dry, cream color or buff fructifications of hypochnoid
texture, very coarse hyphae, large cystidia, and branching par-
aphyses or conidiophores in the surface of the hymenium are
characters which should make this species recognizable, although
my inability to demonstrate basidia convinces me that the type
is in a conidial stage somewhat comparable with that of Corticium
roseum.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Orizaba, Nuevo, altitude 3600 m., W. A. & E. L. Mur-

rill, 773, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54633).

[Vol. 12
244 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

28. P. ludoviciana Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb., and Farlow Herb, probably.

Fructifications effused, adnate, very thin, buff-yellow, dark-
ening to cinnamon-buff in the herbarium, hymenium subvelu-
tinous, not waxy, not cracking, the margin thinning out, paler;
in section 40-75 \l thick, not colored, composed of suberect,
branching, granule-incrusted, hyaline hyphae 3-4 [*. in diameter;
no gloeocystidia; cystidia hyaline, not incrusted, protruding
18-25 [l beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X 2J^-
V/2 [l, somewhat flattened on one side.

Fructifications 1-2J/2 cm. long, %-l}4 cm. broad, becoming
confluent.

On rotting decorticated wood of frondose species. Louisiana
and Michigan. August and April. Rare.

P. ludoviciana closely resembles in aspect P. flammea and,
like the latter, is not separable from the substratum and gives no
noteworthy color changes when the sections are treated with
potassium hydrate solution. Prolonged search has failed to find
any immersed cystidia. P. sulphurina has larger, cracked fruc-
tifications with shining hymenium and yellow subiculum.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 1919, type, comm. by

W. G. Farlow.
Michigan: Vermilion, A. H. W. Povah, 369 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13921).

29. P. fusca Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, drying ecru-
drab to drab, velvety, even, the margin not determinate, thinning
out; in structure 35-45 \l thick, not colored, composed of loosely
arranged, suberect, hyaline hyphae more or less incrusted, 33/2-
4 \i in diameter under the incrustation, not nodose-septate; no
gloeocystidia nor conducting organs; cystidia hair-like, not in-
crusted, 7-12 [i in diameter at the base, protruding 40-125 ^
beyond the basidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores copious,
hyaline, even, 6-7 X 3J^ y<-

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, becoming larger by
confluence.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 245

On very rotten, decorticated and probably frondose wood.
Alabama. June to October. Only 2 gatherings known.

P. fusca is a thin species of mucedinous aspect, like P. longi-
spora but well characterized by its drab color, large cystidia, and
moderately large spores. P. cinerea is sometimes of the same
color but is less mould-like when viewed with a lens and with
quite different structure and microscopic characters.

Specimens examined:
Alabama : Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 508, type, and 886

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57301 and 63125 respectively).

30. P. gilvidula Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 70. 1925.
Type: in Weir Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, waxy, pinkish
buff in the herbarium, here and there somewhat cracked, pruinose,
the margin thinning out; in section 150-250 [i thick, not colored,
2-layered, the layer next the substratum 75-150 \l thick, com-
posed of densely arranged hyphae about 4-5 \l in diameter, not
incrusted, which are longitudinally interwoven in the type,
hymenial layer 75-100 y. thick, composed of densely arranged,
erect, coarse tissue; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted,
6-8 [l in diameter, protruding 30-60 [l beyond the basidia, not
numerous, confined to the hymenium; basidia with 4 sterigmata;
spores white in the mass, even, 5-6 X 23^-33^ ti, copious.

Fructifications 8-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide.

On wood of log of Pinus ponder osa. Montana. September.

P. gilvidula has no especially distinctive character. The oc-
currence on Pinus ponderosa wood, buff color, thick hymenial
layer, coarse hyphae, and small spores constitute the group of
distinguishing characters. I have included under P. gilvidula a
specimen from the same place which has the layer next to the
substratum composed of erect hyphae.

Specimens examined:
Montana: Evaro, /. R. Weir, 23305, type (in Weir Herb.) and

426 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

31. P. zonata Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Y

1

[Vol. 12
246 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications widely effused, closely adnate, thick, layered
or zonate within, avellaneous, pruinose, contracting in drying and
cracking into more or less connected masses about 1 mm. in
diameter, the margin thinning out; in section 700 [i thick, prob-
ably stratose but perhaps with merely a hymenium of several
(4 in the type) layers or zones, not colored, composed of densely
arranged hyphae about 2J^-3 y. in diameter, with somewhat
gelatinously modified and indistinct, not sharply defined as
tramal, and hymenial layers; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not
incrusted, 3 \l in diameter at the base, tapering to a sharp apex,
protruding up to 30 n, very numerous in the surface of the
hymenium; spores hyaline, even, curved, 4}/£ X 23^ \l, copious.

Portion of fructification 7 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, broken off at
one end and on sides.

On decayed coniferous wood. Oregon. March.

The cystidia are so small and so very numerous in the hymenial
surface and the season when collected — March — so early in the
year that it is possible that this species is a stratose Corticium
just starting a new outer stratum on its fructification, but I do
not recognize it as a Corticium at present known to me. No
matter what the genus may prove to be, the thick, somewhat
liver-colored fructifications of layered or stratose structure, and
notably cracked, should always make this species easy to recog-
nize.

Specimens examined:
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 2252, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63030).

32. P. laminata Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, adnate, not separable,
cream-buff to warm buff, pubescent, somewhat tubercular, at
length cracking into small masses 2-3 to a mm., the margin
thinning out, fibrillose; in section 75-140 jx, rarely 200 [a, thick,
not colored, becoming stratose, 1-6 strata, each composed of a
supporting layer of loosely arranged, erect, hyaline hyphae 3-
3J^ (x in diameter, thin-walled, collapsing, not incrusted, and of a
compact hymenial layer; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted,

>

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 247

hair-like, cylindric, obtuse, 3-3 J^ [l in diameter, protruding up
to 30 [l beyond the basidia; basidia 4-spored; spores hyaline, even,
4J^ X 3-33^ [a, copious.

Fructifications 2-8 cm. in diameter.

On bark and wood of fallen decaying trunk of Pinus Strobus.
Vermont. December. Rare.

P. laminata is so suggestive in color and general aspect of the
very common Corticium investiens that it is possible P. laminata
has been passed by as a thin, young specimen of C. investiens,
but the structure of these two species is quite different. The
color of P. laminata does not fade in the herbarium; my gathering
of nearly thirty years ago still has the color originally noted.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A, Burt, type.

33. P. guttulifera (Karst.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 240. 1891;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 400. 1913.

Gloeocystidium guttulijerum Karsten, Finska Vet. Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 48 : 430. 1889.

Type: a portion in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, thin, becoming
light buff to pinkish buff and chamois-colored in the herbarium,
more or less studded with minute, hard, globular masses of res-
inous color which are visible under a lens but dissolve and disap-
pear in aqueous mounts, the margin indeterminate, thinning out;
in section 50-160 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae erect,
branching, 3-5 y. in diameter, not incrusted; no gloeocystidia;
cystidia heavily incrusted, often obtuse, 40-90 X 10-15 \l, pro-
truding up to 60 {jl; spores white in a spore collection, even, de-
pressed on one side, 7-10 X 3-4J/£ \l.

Fructifications 2-5 cm. long, l-2J/£ cm. wide.

On decaying wood of Populus, Betula, Acer, and undetermined
frondose species. In Europe, and from Canada to Louisiana
and westward to Oregon. May to January. Rare.

The type specimen of P. guttulifera differs from P. pubera in
having no gloeocystidia whatever and in bearing on its surface
minute, globular, shining masses of such aspect as occur on tips
of the granules in Odontia sudans. Such masses are also borne

[Vol. 12
248 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

on specimens from France communicated by Bourdot, and they
are stated to be borne on the cystidia — this in addition to the
usual incrustation of these cystidia. Since the resinous-colored
masses disappear in the liquids to which they are subjected in
sectioning and making aqueous preparations for microscopic
study, I am inclined to regard the presence of these masses as
perhaps due to weather conditions prevalent when the specimens
bearing them were collected — a helpful, confirmatory specific
feature when present, but not a necessary morphological character
of P. guttulifera. Hence I have included under P. guttulifera,
specimens which have spores 7-10 X 3— 4J^ y., lack gloeocystidia,
and have the aspect of P. pubera.

Specimens examined:
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, type of Gloeocystidiwn gut-

tuliferum, under the label Gloeocystis guttulifera.
Sweden: Femsjo, E. A. Burt; Goteberg, L. Romell, 295.
France: Allier, St. Priest, H. Bourdot, 6656, 8458.
Canada: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 130 a.

Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings.
New Hampshire: Shelburne, W. G. Farlow, 8.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61398).
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 212, 478 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 57083, 57295).
Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, 256, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.
Ohio: Lancaster, W. A. Kellerman, 168, comm. by U. S. Dept.

Agr. Herb.
British Columbia: Agassiz, J. Macoun, 129.
Oregon: Corvallis, W. A. Murrill, 940, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55715.

34. P. flavido-alba Cooke, Grevillea 8: 21. pi. 125, f. 14.
1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 644. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 25: 151. 1889.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, closely adnate, cracking
in drying, becoming cartridge-buff to pinkish buff in the her-

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 249

barium, setulose with the large cystidia, the margin indeterminate,
thinning out; in section 75-250 y. thick, not colored, composed of
densely interwoven, hyaline hyphae about 3 jj. in diameter, not
incrusted, and of very numerous large cystidia, many of which
are often tilted in all directions; no gloeocystidia; cystidia heavily
incrusted, cylindric-fusiform to conical, sharp-pointed, 60-120
X 12-18 \l, numerous in all regions to the substratum, protrud-
ing up to 50 \k beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even, white in a
spore collection, 43^-6 X 2J^-33^ \l.

Fructifications 5-15 cm. or more long, 2-5 cm. wide.

On bark of decaying limbs of Carya, Liguidambar, Myrica,
Quercus, Salix, VitiSj and other frondose species. South Carolina
to Louisiana, West Virginia and Ohio to Arkansas, and in the
West Indies. July to April. Common.

P. flavido-alba resembles in aspect P. pubera with which it was
confused by v. Hohnel & Litschauer in their study of specimens
distributed by Ravenel and by Ellis in their exsiccati, but differs
sharply from P. pubera in absence of gloeocystidia and in having
smaller spores. Its spores are smaller than those of P. guttulifera;
it lacks layered structure, and the cystidia are much larger than
in either P. Ravenelii or P. Roumeguerii. There may be ob-
served in sectional preparations a curious tilting of many cys-
tidia, some towards the right and some towards the left while
most are erect and the tilting is at varying angles, being occasion-
ally quite parallel with the substratum. Such tilting is unique
among the species of Peniophora known to me and is best shown
by the immersed cystidia in sections from the thicker fructi-
fications. The type specimen in Kew Herbarium is on the same
substratum, Myrica, as the specimens distributed in Ravenel,
Fungi Am., 226, and impressed me as probably being from the
same gathering.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4741; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

1209; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3412; Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

226.
South Carolina: P. H. Rolfs, 1622, 1625.
Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5677, 5689 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44253); Darien, H. W. Ravenel, 2529, type (in

[Vol. 12
250 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Kew Herb.) and specimens in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 226, and
Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1209.

Florida: W. W. Calkins, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44634), and 628, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 44641, 44254); New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd,
2128; Tallahassee, E. Bartholomew, 5722 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44256).

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker, 2217 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61344) ; Mont-
gomery County, R. P. Burke, 68, 147, 164, 169, 237, 444, 463,
465, 475, 667 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18395, 7552, 44963,
44959, 57105, 57271, 57284, 57286, 57293, 63089).

Louisiana: Abita Springs, A. B. Langlois, 2684; Baton Rouge,
Edgerton & Humphrey, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 5665; New
Orleans, E. Bartholomew, in Bartholomew, Fungi Col., 4741,
and 5765 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44265); A. B. Langlois,
460 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
61476); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2680, comm. by
Lloyd Herb., 3529, and 1954, 2679, aq. bt, cm, and en.

West Virginia: Ellis Coll., 48 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61395).

Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 4515, 4526, 4806.

Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 3115; Mammoth Cave, C. G.
Lloyd, 1602, and in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3412.

Arkansas: Bigflat, W. H. Long, 19894 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
6387).

Cuba: San Antonio de los Barios, Havana Province, Earle &
Murrill, 88, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Pinar del Rio
Province, Earle & Murrill, 241, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.; Santiago de las Vegas, H. Hasselbring (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61468).

Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, /. A. Stevenson, 3366, 5582, 6068 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 7574, 6944, 54685).

Jamaica: Hall's Delight, F. S. Earle, 134, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.

35. P. vernicosa Ellis & Everhart in herb., n. sp.
Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Burt Herb.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 251

Fructifications long and broadly effused, very thin, closely
adnate, pinkish buff in the herbarium, even, somewhat puberu-
lent and setulose under a lens, not cracked, the margin thinning
out, indeterminate; in section 30-45 [l thick, not colored, com-
posed of densely interwoven, hyaline hyphae about 3 [l in di-
ameter, indistinct; no gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted, fusiform,
40-50 X 10-15 (jl, protruding up to 50 y. beyond the basidia;
spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X 3-3J^ y..

Fructifications 10-12 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide.

On dead pieces of Celtis. Florida and Louisiana. August and
March.

The 3 gatherings under the name P. vernicosa in Ellis Col-
lection of New York Botanical Garden and duplicates of these
communicated to me directly by Langlois seem to be thin forms
of 3 species, 2 of which are well known. The type of P. vernicosa
shows the location of the fructification by the pinkish buff color
of the area covered, somewhat varnish-like effect produced, and
cystidia visible under a lens. There is the bare possibility that
P. vernicosa may be demonstrated to be the very early stage of
P. flavido-alba but my knowledge of the latter does not at present
warrant such a conclusion.

Specimens examined :
Florida: Cutler Hammock, W. A. Murrill, 86, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62082).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 1965, type (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63726, and Burt

Herb.).

36. P. texana Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications long and broadly effused, adnate, thin, even,
not shining, drying between cream-buff and pinkish buff and
cracking transversely, the margin indeterminate, thinning out;
in section about 100 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae in-
distinct, interwoven, 3-3}^ y. in diameter, not incrusted; cystidia
incrusted, conical, often tilted, not colored, 45-55 X 10-12 \l,
protruding beyond the basidia up to 45 ^; no gloeocystidia nor
conducting organs; spores copious, hyaline, even, 43^-6 X 3-

[Vol. 12
252 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications up to 25 cm. long, 5 cm. broad.

On bark of Juniperus sabinoides. Texas. October. Only the
type collection known.

Although occurring on bark of Juniperus, P. texana is not at
all related to P. laevigata and seems rather to belong in the group
of species of which P. flavido-alba is best known. The occur-
rence on Juniperus, the large expanse of the fructifications, and
large cystidia and spores should afford recognition of P. texana.

Specimens examined :
Texas: Austin, W. H. Long, 21070, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55134).

37. P. flammea Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, very thin, olive-ocher to deep
chrome, fading to clay color in the herbarium, hymenium often
with some granules, the margin thinning out, paler; in section
50-90 [A thick, not colored and with no color changes by potas-
sium hydrate solution, with hyphae 3 \l in diameter, interwoven
next to the substratum but suberect, branching and granule-
incrusted towards the hymenium; no gloeocystidia; wholly im-
mersed cystidia incrusted, 15-60 X 5-10 p., few and scattered;
hair-like cystidia not incrusted, 3-5 \l in diameter at base, pro-
truding 20-30 ^ beyond the basidia, are scattered in the surface
of the hymenium; spores hyaline, even, 33^-5 X 13^-2^ [x.

Fructifications 1-10 cm. long, 5 mm.-2^ cm. broad.

On rotting wood and bark of frondose species and on under
side of rotting leaves of Sabal. Florida, Alabama, Texas, Cuba,
and Bermuda. March to June. Probably rare.

P. flammea has the intense yellow color of Corticium chrysocreas
and Odontia Wrightii but, unlike these species, its sections do not
become vinaceous and then bleach when treated with potassium
hydrate solution and the structural details of the sections are
quite different also. Peniophora sulphurina is yellow and has
small spores, but the fructification of P. flammea is as closely
adnate to, and inseparable from, the substratum as that of P.
cinerea.

Specimens examined:

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 253

Florida: Tarpon Springs, W. A. Murrill, 216, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62121).
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 3, 158 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 17431, 44962).
Texas : Austin, W. H. Long, 52 %.
Cuba: C. G. Lloyd, 421 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55172); El

Yunque Mt., Baracoa, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle, 1215,

type, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Bermuda: Paget Swamp, H. H. Whetzel, Abe (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 58905).

38. P. isabellina Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, very thin, closely adnate,
not at all separable, between light pinkish cinnamon and avel-
laneous, not shining, becoming somewhat minutely cracked, the
margin thinning out; in section 50-75 \l thick, not colored, com-
posed of innumerable cystidia and densely arranged hyphae
2J^-3 [i in diameter, indistinct; no gloeocystidia; cystidia in-
crusted, 30 X 6 [l, protruding up to 12 y., fusoid, usually starting
from the substratum; spores 6x3^ present but so few found
that they may not belong.

Fructification 8 cm. long and broken off at both ends, 1 cm.
broad.

On dead canes of blackberry (Rubus), and perhaps on other
frondose wood. Virginia and Alabama. June to September.

P. isabellina is as closely adnate as P. cinerea and P. versicolor,
from both of which it differs in not being colored in section. The
occurrence of the type on blackberry stems may be helpful in
recognizing this species, but several other species also occur on
blackberry stems. The specimen from Alabama, referred to
P. isabellina, is probably specifically distinct.

Specimens examined:
Virginia: Woodstock, C. L. Shear, 1191, type.
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 62 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 18207).

39. P. coccineo-fulva (Schw.) Burt, n. comb.

Phlebia coccineo-fulva Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S.

[Vol. 12
254 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

4: 165. 1832; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 112. 1895.— Cor ticium
rhodellum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 42: 122. 1889.— Peni-
ophora rhodella (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 239. 1891. — Penio-
phora Karstenii Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 153. 1889.
— Corticium calotrichum Karsten, Rev. Myc. 10: 73. 1888; Soc.
pro Fauna et Fl. Fenn. Meddel. 16: 21. 1888; Icones Hym.
Fenn. 3: 7. pi. 4, f. 71. 1891; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 617. 1888;
9: 232. 1891. — PeniophorarhodochroaBres&dola,, Mycologia 17:
70. 1925. — Peniophora leprosa Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc.
Fr. Bui. 28: 394. 1913.

Type: in Schweinitz Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, becoming russet to Natal
brown in the herbarium, sometimes cracked, the margin paler;
in section typically vinaceous russet but sometimes not colored,
150-400 [l thick, 2-layered, the layer next to substratum 100-
300 (jl thick, composed of loosely interwoven, thin-walled hyphae
4-8 p in diameter, with many rough-walled or incrusted, the
hymenial layer very dense, typically colored, bearing the cys-
tidia; cystidia hyaline or slightly colored, incrusted, 40-80 X
10-14 [a, protruding up to 50 [i; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X 2-

Fructifications 4-10 cm. long, 2 cm. broad.

On rotting wood and bark of Juglans, Quercus, and other fron-
dose species, rarely on conifers. Canada to Alabama and west-
ward to British Columbia and California, and in Mexico; occurs
in Europe also. July to December. Frequent.

P. coccineo-fulva has been confused with P. velutina, from which
it differs when best developed, in more intense color, the vinaceous
subhymenial layer often showing this color on edges of cracks in
the fructification, and in the incrusted hyphae. Paler specimens
which are not otherwise distinguishable from P. velutina I have
now referred to P. coccineo-fulva when they have the large, in-
crusted hyphae of the latter, for the European concept of P.
velutina, as shown by specimens under this name in Kew Herba-
rium and communicated to me by Bourdot, Bresadola, Romell,
and Litschauer, has the hyphae not incrusted, with the exception
of additional specimens from Bresadola and Romell which they
distinguished as different from P. velutina by labelling as uPeni-

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 255

ophora veluiina Fr. f. pallidior," and which I cite below as P. coc-

cineo-fulva. These European specimens have exactly the same

structure as the authentic specimen of Corticium calotrichum

sent to me by Karsten, who noted the large rough hyphae in the

description in Icones Hym. Fenn. 3 : 7, but the hyphae are really

granule-incrusted .
Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2019, under the name
Peniophora velutina; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 707, under the
name Peniophora velutina; Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3231,
under the name Corticium alneum, the type distribution of
Peniophora Karstenii.

Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen of Cor-
ticium calotrichum, and in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3231.

Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, 421; on Fagus, Hangnen, Femsjo,
E. A. Burt.

Germany : Brinkmann, comm. by Bresadola as Peniophora velutina
Fr. f . pallidior.

France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 26563, comm. by H. Bourdot,
32878, authentic specimen of Peniophora leprosa.

Canada: Hull, Quebec, J. Macoun, 197; Lambeth, Ontario,
J. Dearness, D 172b (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5482) ; Granton,
J. Dearness, 966 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22582); Ottawa,
J. Macoun 197, 291, and /. M. Macoun, 280 (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55756, 55920, 56081
respectively).

New Brunswick: Campobello, W. G. Farlow, 2 (in part).

Maine: Boarstone Mountain, Piscataquis County, W. A. Mur-
rill, 2404 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 61354).

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 43 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 43972); North Conway, A. S. Rhoads, 10 (in Burt
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56979).

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings.

New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59703) ; Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1309;
Floodwood, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., Burt
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55986); Hudson Falls,

*s.

[Vol. 12
256 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. H. Burnham, 86 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54457); Ithaca

Flats, G. F. Atkinson, 3090; Earner, H. D. House (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54368) ; Lyndon-

ville, C. E. F airman, type of Corticium rhodellum (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb.) ; Westport, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55968).
New Jersey: Belleplain, C. L. Shear, 12/$; Newfield, J. B. Ellis,

in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2019, and Fungi Col., 707, and

(in Burt Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57337, 63455).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1335.
Pennsylvania : Nazareth, Schweinitz, type of Phlebia coccineo-fulva

(in Herb. Schweinitz and Farlow Herb.).
Alabama: Auburn, comm. by Alabama Biological Survey; Mont-
gomery, R. P. Burke, 72, 188, 635 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

17582, 57068, 63072).
Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 2808.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 85 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 20025); New Richmond, C. H. Kaufman, 26 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 16386); Vermilion, A. H. W. Povah, 5 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9225).
Wisconsin: Lake Geneva, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 834, 961;

Madison, C. /. Humphrey & M. C. Jensen, 681 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 10275).
Colorado: Pike's Peak, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

2554 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9782).
Idaho: Priest River, /. R. Weir, 131 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

15762), and 16809, type of Peniophora rhodochroa (in Weir

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63690).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts. near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 535

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21995).
California: Big Wash Canon, Santa Catalina Island, L. W. Nut-
tall, 889, comm. by Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57650).
Arizona: Coronado Nat. Forest, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 2547 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9906).
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 144, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6962).

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 257

40. P. laevis (Fr.) Burt in R. Fries, R. Sci. Soc. Gothoburgens
Actis IV. 3: [36]. 1900; in Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54: 954.
1902; v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber.
115: 1550. 1906; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28:
398. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 692. 1922.

Thelephora laevis Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 206. 1828. Not
T. laevis Persoon. — Corticium laeve Fries, Epicr. 560. 1838;
Hym. Eur. 649. 1874. — Kneiffia laevis (Fries) Bresadola, Ann.
Myc. 1 : 99. 1903.

Type: authentic specimen in Kew Herb.

Fructifications effused, membranaceous, adnate, separable
from the substratum when moistened, drying light pinkish cin-
namon to buff-pink and ochraceous buff, the margin radiately
fibrillose; in section not colored, 300^400 [i thick, with the hyphae
3-4J/£ V* m diameter, not colored, granule-incrusted, densely
crowded together and running parallel with the substratum and
then ascending obliquely into the hymenium; cystidia incrusted
or not incrusted, 40-60 X 4J^-9 ^, protruding up to 30 p, con-
fined to the hymenial layer; spores white in a spore collection,
even, 4^-6 X 2^-3 ^

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad.

On bark of frondose species. Europe, New Brunswick to
Texas and westward to Washington and Oregon, in Cuba and
in Island of Guam and in Japan. July to October. Not com-
mon.

Peniophora laevis is one of the species which Karsten under-
stood as Corticium radiosum and sent under this name to Fries,
as shown by the specimens in Herb. Fries determined by Karsten,
and preserved by Fries without comment. Bresadola collected
the species occasionally and communicated to me duplicates under
the herbarium name Peniophora albo-gilvida. The above speci-
mens agree in aspect with the authentic specimen of Corticium
laeve from Fries in Kew Herb, and also agree with it in the details
of microscopic structure including incrusted hyphae, smaller than
those of Peniophora coccineo-fulva and more compactly and more
longitudinally arranged than those of P. sanguinea. P. affinis
does not have its hyphae at all incrusted.

Specimens examined:

[Vol. 12
258 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Sweden: authentic specimen (in Kew Herb.); on Betula, L.

Romell, 122; Gottenburg, L. Romell, 120; Stockholm, L. Ro-
mell, 358.
Finland: P. Karsten, 32 (in Fries Herb., under the name Corticium

radiosum) ; Mustiala, P. Karsten, under the name C. radiosum,

comm. by Bresadola, and also on Alnus under the name

Peniophora velutina.
Russian Poland: Eichler, 107, comm. by Bresadola.
France: Allier, St. Priest, H. Bourdot, 8981, under the name P.

Eichleriana.
Italy: Trient, Alps Mts., Bresadola, two specimens.
New Brunswick : Campobello, W. G. Farlow, 2.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 12 (in Burt Herb.)

and C 35, C 38, Jfi (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43963, 43967,

43971).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, three gatherings.
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow; Williamstown, W. G.

Farlow, 9.
New York: East Galway, E. A. Burt; East Schaghticoke, C. H.

Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55758); East Schodack, C. H. Peck, 12; Hague, C. H. Peck, 2;

Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 4598; North Greenbush, H. D. House,

14-234 (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44733); Snyder, C. H. Peck, 16.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 2020, comm. by W. G. Farlow,

22 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 7943).
Virginia: Crabbottom, W. A. Murrill, 169, 259 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 61557, 61568).
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 129, 213, 813 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11034, 57085, 63115).
Texas: Gonzales, C. L. Shear, 1231.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 10113 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 58689).
Ohio?: locality not stated, C. G. Lloyd, 4195.
Michigan: New Richmond, C. H. Kaufman, 4? (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 3259).
Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 943; Lake

Geneva, E.T.& S. A. Harper, 836; Palmyra, A. 0. Stucki, 53.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 259

Missouri: Perryville, R. A. Studhalter & L. 0. Overholts, 2706

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44290).
Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 5Ifi.
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 608 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63196).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 10 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5728).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 764; Arlington, C. J.

Humphrey, 7610.
Oregon: Eugene, C. J. Humphrey, 6061; Tidewater, S. M. Zeller,

1985 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58762).
Cuba: Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2805.
Island of Guam: Edwards, comm. by J. R. Weir, 10765 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56238).
Japan: Mt. Mikuma, Prov. Awaji, A. Yasuda, 62 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56138).

41. P. subiculosa Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, somewhat membranaceous, tender,
small pieces separable when moist, with the hymenium drying
cartridge-buff, pulverulent, here and there cracked and showing
the whitish subiculum which is pale chamois-colored next to the
substratum and connected with chamois-colored marginal my-
celial strands or cords; in section 400-500 y. thick, not distinctly
colored, with the hyphae loosely interwoven, hyaline, 4 y. in
diameter, not nodose-septate, granule-incrusted in all regions
with large crystalline granules; cystidia heavily incrusted, 20-60
X 9 {a, protruding up to 15 [l, confined to the hymenium; spores
hyaline, even, 3-3^ X 2}4 V-, borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 2-3 cm. long, 1 cm. broad.

On humus of frondose wood. Mexico. December. Only one
collection known.

P. subiculosa is related to P. Burtii but differs from it in having
larger and incrusted cystidia and all hyphae heavily incrusted.

Specimens examined :
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 396, type (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54550).

"M

[Vol. 12
260 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

42. P. septocystidia Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, the small patches becoming more or
less confluent, membranaceous, separable, between warm buff
and cinnamon-buff in the herbarium, somewhat tubercular
through conforming to the irregularities of the substratum, the
margin byssoid, with some mycelial strands; in section 250-400 \l
thick, not colored, 2-layered, the layer next to the substratum
much the thicker, composed of very loosely interwoven, in-
crusted hyphae 4-5 y. in diameter under the incrustation, not
nodose-septate, the hymenial layer dense, 35-45 y. thick; no
gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted with a few, large, somewhat
colored granules, transversely septate, 5 [i in diameter under the
incrustation, protruding 30-35 ji, scattered along surface of
hymenium; spores hyaline, even, cylindric, curved, 5-7 X 2%-

3 [L.

Fructifications 5 mm-2^ cm. in diameter after confluence.

On decaying bark and humus. West Indies. January.

P. septocystidia is somewhat related to P. sanguinea, P. Burtii,
and P. subiculosa, but is of different color, with very coarse
hyphae and noteworthy cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Troy and Tyre, Cockpit Country, W. A. Murrill &

W. Harris, 860, type (in Burt Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61490).

43. P. canadensis Burt, n. sp.
Type : in Burt Herb.

Fructification effused, adnate, dry, hypochnoid, small pieces
separable when moistened, cream-color in the herbarium, even,
tomentose under a lens, not shining, the margin thinning out, of
finely interwoven hyphae; in section 300-350 \x. thick, not colored,
stratose, each of the two strata composed of loosely arranged,
erect, branching, nodose-septate, somewhat incrusted hyphae
4-6 {a in diameter, which are slightly colored near the substratum
and hyaline elsewhere, and of a more compact hymenial layer
containing cystidia; no gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted, cylin-

o

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 261

dric, 50-90 X 6-9 \l, protruding up to 45 ^, very numerous in
the hymenium; basidiospores hyaline, even, 7-8 X 4-5 \l, copious,
four to a basidium; other spherical spores V/v-A y. in diameter
are present in addition to immersed basidiospores in the buried
hymenium.

Fructification 2J/2 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, broken off at both ends.

On wood of coniferous log and bark of Fraxinus. Canada and
New York. September and October.

The type of P. canadensis somewhat resembles P. pubera in
aspect but has texture more suggestive of Coniophora byssoidea.
Such aspect, together with the coarse hyphae, large spores, and
numerous large cystidia should fix the species. Unfortunately,
the type consists of but a single piece of the dimensions stated,
which was present in a packet of Corticium bombycinum. The
New York gathering consists of a group of very small fructi-
fications only one stratum thick.

Specimens examined:
Canada: locality not given, J. Macoun, 60 (in part), type.
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, Cornell Univ. Herb., 8282.

44. P. cremea Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 63. pi 173, f. 2.
1898; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 195. 1902; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 396. 1913; Wakefield, Brit. Myc. Soc.
Trans. 5: 131. 1914; Rea, Brit. Basid. 691. 1922.

Kneiffia cremea Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 100. 1903. — An
Corticium Eichlerianum Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 : 95. 1903?

Type: in Bresadola Herb, probably, authentic specimens in
Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, membranaceous, separable,
white or cream-color to ochraceous buff and darkening somewhat
in the herbarium, sometimes cracking when dry and showing the
whife subiculum, the margin white and cobwebby; in section
100-300 \l, rarely 500 pi, thick, not colored, composed of a broad
layer next to the substratum of thick- walled, hyaline, erect hyphae
4/^-6 (a in diameter, branching at a wide angle, sometimes dichot-
omously, more or less granule-incrusted towards the hymenial
layer; hymenial layer dense, bearing protruding cystidia even-
walled or incrusted about the apex and containing also immersed,

[Vol. 12
262 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

incrusted cystidia when thickened; protruding cystidia cylindric
or tapering towards the apex, 5-10 p. in diameter at the base,
protruding up to 60 y. beyond the basidia; immersed cystidia
40-60 X 9-10 (x; no gloeocystidia; spores white in a spore col-
lection, even, 5-8 X 2Y2-^A ^

Fructifications 4-15 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide.

On bark-covered and decorticated branches of frondose species
on the ground. In Europe, Canada to Louisiana, and westward
to the Pacific States and in Japan and in Natal, Africa. May to
January. Infrequent but widely distributed.

P. cremea is readily recognizable among the species of the
northern United States and Canada by its thick, white or creamy
fructifications which have small spores, lack gloeocystidia, and
are 2-layered with the thick under layer composed of coarse,
loosely arranged, erect hyphae branching at an angle of towards
60° and often dichotomously. These hyphae and their arrange-
ment are distinctive. P. mutata has the same aspect and color
but differs by much longer spores and the presence of gloeo-
cystidia. P. velutina has its hyphae ascending obliquely to the
hymenial layer.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: L. Romell, 196; Femsjo, L. Romell, 218.
Germany: Westphalia, Lengerich, Brinkmann, 341, determined
'Jy and communicated by Bresadola.

Russian Poland: Eichler, determined and communicated by

Bresadola.
Austria: Tirol, Gries, V. Litschauer; Innsbruck, V. Litschauer;

Stiermark, V. Litschauer.
France: Aveyron, M. Galzin, 13292, comm. by H. Bourdot, 20856.
England: Doncaster, E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57126).
Canada : J. Macoun, 2 %.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, E. A. Burt.
Vermont: Bristol, E. A. Burt, two gatherings; Middlebury, E. A.

Burt, two gatherings.
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow, a; Sharon, A. P. D.

Piquet, comm. by W. G. Farlow.
New York: East Gal way, E. A. Burt, three gatherings; Bergen

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 263

Swamp, Genesee County, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57473).
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, 68 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63425).
District of Columbia: W. A. Murrill, 1496 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63453, 63465).
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 800 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63108).
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, k, 1386, 1963, 2631

(in Burt Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63456, 63503).
Michigan: Gogebic County, E. A. Bessey, 321 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56543).
Montana : Rexford, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir (in Weir

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63246).
Idaho: Coolin, /. R. Weir, 11499, 11575 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63261, 63303), and an unnumbered specimen (in Weir

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63247); Priest River, J. R.

Weir, 609 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63197).
Manitoba: Swan River, G. R. Bisby, 1049 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 59036); Winnipeg, G. R. Bisby, 1117 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 59040).
British Columbia: Sidney, /. Macoun, 23, 28, 73, 82, 104, 834 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5757, 55335, 5758, 5759, 55337, 55334).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 867; Chehalis, C. J.

Humphrey, 6260; Everson, C. J. Humphrey, 7453; Kalama,

C. J. Humphrey, 6205.
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 1867 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56871); Eugene, C. J. Humphrey, 6088.
California: Palo Alto, W. A. Murrill, 1173, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55706); Santa Catalina

Island, Grand Canyon, L. W. Nuttall, 1060, comm. by Field

Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58883).
Japan: Sendai, A. Yasuda, 46 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56160);

Mt. Mikuma, Prov. Awaji, A. Yasuda, 53 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56161).
Africa: Natal, Durban, P. A. van der Bijl, 612 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 59377).

r-\

[Vol. 12
264 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

45. P. velutina (DC) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 21. pi. 125, f. 15.
1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 644. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 25: 152. 1889; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28:
398. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 692. 1922.

Thelephora velutina De Candolle, Fl. Fr. 6: 33. 1815; Fries,
Elenchus Fung. 1: 203. 1828. — Corticium velutinum (DC)
Fries, Epicr. 561 . 1838 ; Hym. Eur. 650. 1874.— Kneiffia velutina
(DC) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 : 100. 1903.

Fructifications broadly effused, membranaceous, separable,
becoming vinaceous buff to fawn color in the herbarium, minutely
velvety, the margin whitish, often extended in branching mycelial
strands; in section not colored, 250-500 [x thick, composed of
loosely interwoven hyphae up to 5-8 \l in diameter, not in-
crusted, only very rarely nodose-septate; cystidia incrusted,
40-100 X 8-15 &A, wholly immersed in the hymenial tissue or
protruding up to 50 p; spores white in spore falls, even, 4J^-53^ X

2J4-3 i*.

Fructifications 3-20 cm. long, 2-15 cm. broad.

On decaying limbs and logs of such frondose species as Fagus,
Quercus, Castanea, Populus, etc., more rarely on coniferous wood.
Throughout Canada and the United States and in Europe. May
to December. Frequent.

P. velutina may be recognized by its large and rather thick
fructifications of pinkish or vinaceous color when dry, separable
from the substratum when moistened, by frequent presence of
marginal mycelial strands, and by the coarse, non-incrusted
hyphae — often up to 8 [l in diameter — present in sectional prep-
arations near the substratum.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: L. Romell, 121, 133; Stockholm, L. Romell, 137.
Poland: Eichler, from Bresadola.
Austria: Tirol, V. Litschauer.
France: Cormatin, F. Guillemin, 10, in part; St. Priest, Allier,

H. Bourdot, 20859.
Canada: J. Macoun, 231, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 14763); Ontario, Casselman, J. Macoun, 366.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 71 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43973).

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 265

Vermont: Ripton, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts: R. J. Blair, comm. by L. O. Overholts, 3812 b

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54994).
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1198; East Gal way, E. A. Burt,

two gatherings: Floodwood, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55967), E. A. Burt) Earner,

H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54393).
New Jersey: Alpine, P. Wilson, 29 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54748).
Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts, 3326 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 9533).
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 419 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57259).
Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kauffman, 73 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54330).
Michigan: New Richmond, C. H. Kauffman, 54 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 11996); Seney, C. J. Humphrey, 1596 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 17541).
Wisconsin: Madison, C. J. Humphrey, 2156 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 6729).
Illinois: Anna, C, J. Humphrey, 2044 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

21525).
Montana: Bernice, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63250); Yellowstone, F. S. Wolpert, comm.

by J. R. Weir, 3934 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55179).
Colorado : Pike's Peak, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

2543 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20783).
Idaho: Priest River, /. R. Weir, 618 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63200).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, /. R. Weir, 512

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 3772); Sidney, J. Macoun, 34, 42

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55341, 55345).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 703.
Oregon: Grant's Pass, /. R. Weir, 8687 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63199).
New Mexico: Tyom Experiment Station, W. H. Long, 21898 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55121).

[Vol. 12
266 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

O 46. P. affinis Burt, n. sp.

Name without description in Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 54:
954. 1902.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, membranaceous, adnate, sepa-
rable when moistened, drying light buff to pinkish buff and light
pinkish cinnamon, often cracked and showing the paler subiculum
in the crevices, the margin paler, radiately fibrillose; in section
not colored, 300-500 y. thick, with the hyphae hyaline, 3-5 \l in
diameter, not at all incrusted, arranged densely and longitudi-
nally in a broad layer along the substratum and then ascending
obliquely into the hymenial layer; cystidia incrusted or not in-
crusted, 30-60 X 5-8 \l, protruding up to 30 \l, occurring in the
hymenial layer only; spores white in a spore collection, even,
4^-6 X 23^-3 (i.

Fructifications 3-20 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad.

On bark and decorticated logs and limbs of frondose species.
Canada to New York and westward to Oregon, and also in
Europe. July to October. Common.

P. affinis is related in aspect to P. laevis and has hyphae of the
same diameter and arrangement as those of the latter species but
not at all incrusted. The fructifications of P. affinis are usually
thicker than those of P. laevis, less adnate to the substratum,
paler and more cracked. Pale specimens of P. sanguinea crack
into somewhat similar areas but show a somewhat colored, floc-
cose subiculum in the fissures. The hyphae of P. affinis are of
smaller diameter than those of P. velutina.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Reliq. Farlowianae, 343, under the name Peniophora

laevis.
Sweden: L. Romell, 123 , 124, both under the name P. velutina.
Austria : Tirol, V. Litschauer, under the name P. laevis.
France: Allier, H. Bourdot, 8579, under the name P. laevis.
Canada: J. Macoun, 76, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57510).
Quebec: Hull, J. Macoun, 220.
Ontario: Jefferson, G. H. Graham, comm. by Univ. Toronto

Herb., 674 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44924).

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 267

Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt.

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 35 and two unnum-
bered specimens in Burt Herb., Reliq. Farlowianae, 343, and
C 36, 41, 69 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43964, 43969, 43970 re-
spectively), E. A. Burt, three gatherings; North Conway, L. 0.
Overholts, 5106 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56356).

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, type and another gathering.

Massachusetts: North Scituate, W. G. Farlow.

New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14835); East Galway, E. A. Burt, six
gatherings; Jamesville, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63419) ; Karner, H. D. House
(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54348,
54352, 54371); Oneida, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus.
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59681); Snyder, C. H. Peck
(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55757) ;
Syracuse, L. M. Underwood, 116 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61485); West Fort Ann, S. H.
Burnham, 12 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44002).

Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kaufman, 68 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 1680).

Illinois: Glencoe, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 650, 820.

Wisconsin: Madison, C. J. Humphrey, 2159 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 4597).

Oregon: Corvallis, W. A. Murrill, 1011, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55714).

Jamaica: Farr, 1617 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 61489). This reference is doubtful for the
hymenium is in poor condition.

47. P. inflata Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and probably in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, tender, soft, membranaceous,
separable, brittle when dry and cream color to cream-buff, the
subiculum and margin white and cottony; in section 150 [i thick,
not colored, 2-layered, consisting of (1) a layer next to substratum
75 fji thick of loosely arranged, thin-walled, lax, hyaline hyphae
23^-3 [l in diameter bearing short lateral branches, each with 2

[Vol. 12
268 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

moniliform inflations, and of (2) a hymenial layer of erect hyphae
densely arranged, and of numerous cystidia in all regions of this
layer; no gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted or not incrusted, 15-24
X 3-33/2 V-) protruding up to 18 y. beyond the basidia; spores
colorless, even, 3 X 2-2J^ y., flat on one side, copious.

Fructifications 3-4 cm. long, 1-1 K cm. wide.

On very rotten wood. Jamaica. December. Probably rare.

P. inflata is so loosely attached to the substratum that careful
handling is necessary to prevent fructifications from becoming
detached from the wood during examination. The pair of monil-
iform inflations on short lateral branches of hyphae of the
hyphal layer shows distinctly in sectional preparation and
promises to be as helpful a character in the recognition of this
species as the details of hyphal structure in Stereum purpureum,
Corticium investiens, Grandinia granulosa, and others.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Hope Gardens, W. A. Murrill, 4, type, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.

48. P. Sheari Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructification effused, rather thick, membranaceous, drying
pinkish buff, somewhat tubercular, somewhat velvety, not waxy,
the margin becoming somewhat free and curling up in drying,
separable from the substratum when moistened; in section 800-
1000 \l thick, not colored, 2-layered, the layer next to the sub-
stratum up to 800-900 fi broad and composed of densely inter-
woven, hyaline hyphae not incrusted, not nodose-septate, thick-
walled, 3 [a in diameter, the hymenial layer 100-150 (x broad,
containing throughout great numbers of slender, rough-walled or
minutely incrusted cystidia 30-45 X 4-6 (i; no gloeocystidia;
basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, 10-12 x 6-7 \l.

Fructifications 3 mm.-2 cm. in diameter.

On dead Alnus. Blue Mt., Oregon. August. Probably rare
and local.

The fructifications apparently originate as outgrowths from
lenticels in the bark and spread laterally over more or less circular
areas and become confluent. The occurrence on Alnus, tuber-

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 269

cular surface, numerous and small cystidia confined to the
hymenial layer, and spores 12 X 6 y. form a distinctive group of
characters.

Specimens examined:
Oregon: Blue Mt., C. L. Shear, 797, type.

49. P. Ravenelii Cooke, Grevillea 8: 21. pi 124, /• 12. 1879;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 643. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
25: 150. 1889.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, thin, small pieces sepa-
rable when moistened, becoming pale pinkish buff to pinkish buff
in the herbarium, and somewhat cracked, the margin thinning
out; in section 100-300 y. thick, not colored, composed of erect
and densely interwoven hyaline hyphae and very numerous
cystidia in all regions of the fructifications and having a somewhat
layered arrangement in thick specimens; no gloeocystidia ; cystidia
heavily and coarsely incrusted, conical, with apex obtuse or
barely acute, 30-40 X 12-18 \l when deeply immersed, or 30 X
8-10 [l in the hymenium; spores white in a spore collection, even,
4-5 X 2-3 [l.

Fructifications 2-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of decaying logs of Quercus and other
frondose species. District of Columbia to Mexico, in the Island
of Guam, and in Japan. July to January. Frequent.

P. Ravenelii is distinguished by its small spores, coarsely in-
crusted, short cystidia with broad base, and absence of gloeo-
cystidia. P. Roumeguerii is similar in aspect but becomes much
thicker and has longer, slenderer, and more taper-pointed
cystidia and is more distinctly layered.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Am., 720, under the name Corticium

laeve; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 39, under the name Corticium

laeve.
District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1345.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, type (in Kew Herb.), and in

Ravenel, Fungi Car. 2: 39.
Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 720;

[Vol. 12
270 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 13

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44597).
Florida: Brooksville Hammock, W. A. Murrill, 166, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62115);

Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 96 (in Farlow Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 43924); Daytona, R. A. Harper, 7 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54539); New Smyrna, W. A. Murrill, 6,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62087.
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61345).
Louisiana: Bogalusa, C. J. Humphrey, 5495 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13882); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 2689, 2693

(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61457,

61436), and 2692, ar, as, bp, bs, ci, and co.
Mexico: Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 765, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54647.
Island of Guam: Edwards, comm. by J. R. Weir, 10775 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56239).
Japan: Prov. Awaji, Mt. Mikuma, A. Yasuda, 39, 56, 79 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56156, 56159, 56313).

U-. 50. P. Roumeguerii Bresadola in litt., n. comb.

Corticium Roumeguerii Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 36. pi. 144,
/. 1. 1892; Roumeguere, Rev. Myc. 15: 31 pag. sep. pi. 136,
/. 13 b. 1893; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 125. 1895.— Kneiffia
Roumeguerii Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 102. 1903. — Corticium
Mollerianum Bresadola in Saccardo, Soc. Brot. Bol. 11: 13.
1892. — Peniophora Molleriana (Bres.) Saccardo, Soc. Brot. Bol.
11: 13. 1892; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 128. 1895; v. Hohnel &
Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 117: 1092. 1908;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 401. 1913; Wake-
field, Brit. Myc. Soc. Trans. 5: 132. 1915; Rea, Brit. Basid.
693. 1922.

Type: type distribution in Roumeguere, Fungi Gallici, 506.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, becoming rather thick,
small pieces separable when moistened, whitish at first, becoming
pale pinkish buff to pinkish buff in the herbarium, the margin
thinning out; in section 100-700 y. thick, not colored, becoming

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 271

layered in thick specimens, composed of erect and interwoven,
closely agglutinate hyphae 2-3 [x in diameter and of very nu-
merous cystidia; no gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted, 35-80 X
8-12 fx, acute, numerous in all layers except next to the sub-
stratum; spores hyaline, even, 4-6 X 2-3 [l.

Fructifications 3-8 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On bark of logs of Quercus, Eucalyptus, Citrus, Ficus, and other
frondose species, rarely on conifers. In Europe, and in Alabama,
Louisiana, Missouri, Idaho, British Columbia to California, and
in the West Indies. May to February. Not common.

P. Roumeguerii is possibly a synonym of P. Ravenelii, as I
formerly regarded it, but the numerous specimens which have
been studied lead me to believe that while of the same aspect,
spore characters, and substratum, P. Roumeguerii eventually
becomes twice as thick as P. Ravenelii, more closely agglutinate,
and its cystidia longer and slenderer in proportion to their thick-
ness. The error of v. Hohnel & Litschauer, loc. cit., in mis-
stating the year of publication of P. Molleriana as 1891 has prob-
ably led more recent European authors into reducing P. Roume-
guerii to synonymy while it really has priority.

Specimens examined:
Locality not stated: G. Bresadola, authentic specimen under the

name Peniophora Roumeguerii Bres.
Italy: Trient, G. Bresadola, authentic specimen of Peniophora

Molleriana.
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 17908, comm. by H. Bourdot, 16898.
England: Symond's Yat, E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44759).
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 364 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57232).
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 5646, 5648; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 1346,

comm. by W. G. Farlow, 2675, 2683, 2970, cj, ck, and another

specimen, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 3042.
Missouri: Creve Coeur Lake, L. 0. Overholts, 3165 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5709).
Idaho: Santa, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12001 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63363).

*>- 1<

[Vol. 12
272 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 879 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55330).
Oregon: Tidewater, 8. M. Zeller, 1983 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

58760).
California: Berkeley, C. J. Humphrey, 5987, 5990; Redding, C. J.

Humphrey, 6038; Santa Barbara, 0. M. Oleson, 10.
Cuba: Home (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 61464).
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 5792 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54693); Sabana Liana, J. A. Stevenson, 6058 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54686); Vega Baja, J. A. Stevenson, 5693

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54692).

51. P. hiulca Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and probably in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications long and widely effused, thick, membranaceous,
separable when moistened, becoming light buff to warm buff in
the herbarium, widely cracked, the margin determinate, some-
what tomentose; in section 250-1400 \l thick, not colored, 2-
layered, with a very thick layer next to the substratum of
densely interwoven, longitudinally arranged and somewhat as-
cending thin-walled, hyaline hyphae 3-4 \l in diameter, not in-
crusted, not nodose-septate and with the hymenial layer thinner
— only 100-200 y. thick — and containing in all portions very nu-
merous cystidia; no gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted, somewhat
conical, 30-50 X 6-12 \l, very numerous, wholly immersed or
protruding up to 30 y.; basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline,
even, 4J^-5 x3[a.

Fructifications 4-12 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide — perhaps larger for
all specimens received are fragmentary.

On bark and decaying wood of frondose species. Mexico and
the West Indies. November to May.

P. hiulca has large, conspicuous fructifications with somewhat
the color and aspect of P. mutata and P. Roumeguerii. The
absence of gloeocystidia and the smaller spores distinguish it from
the former, and the comparatively thin hymenial layer to which
cystidia are restricted and the very thick layer of interwoven
hyphae running in all directions, rather than predominantly
erect, from P. Roumeguerii.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 273

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 192, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54549).
Bermuda: S. Brown, N. L. Britton & F. J. Seaver, 1507, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: Castleton Gardens, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 71, type,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Mandeville, A. E. Wight,

comm. by W. G. Farlow.

52. P. phosphorescens Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and probably in Farlow Herb.

Fructifications effused, membranaceous, separable, becoming
clay-color to avellaneous in the herbarium, and widely cracked
into rectangular portions about 5 mm. in diameter, which curl
up somewhat from the substratum along the fissures and show
the whitish, cottony subiculum, the hymenium waxy, somewhat
tubercular and minutely spotted in the type, the margin thinning
out; in section 300-500 [l thick, not colored, 2-layered, with the
layer next to the substratum composed of loosely interwoven
hyphae 3-3 J^ (x in diameter, the hymenial layer up to 200 \l
thick, composed of densely arranged hyphae and cystidia; no
gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted, 70-100 X 12-18 [l, fusiform,
acute, sometimes tilted, immersed throughout the hymenial layer,
few protruding; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-5 X 3-3}^ p.;
said to be phosphorescent when collected.

Fructifications probably large, for collections consist of frag-
ments 7 X 13^ cm., and lJ^-3 cm. in diameter.

On rotten wood of fence post and decaying bark of frondose
species. Jamaica. October to December.

P. phosphorescens may be recognized by the thick, clay-colored
fructifications which contract in drying so as to crack into rec-
tangular masses about 5 mm. in diameter, separated from one
another by rather wide fissures. The thick, hymenial portion of
each mass is so weakly attached to the substratum by the loose
subiculum that these masses curl upward along their edges and
may occasionally become wholly detached. The cystidia are
suggestive of those of P. flavido-alba but all other characters of
these two species are different. Phosphorescence has been re-
corded for but few fungi.

[Vol. 12
274 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: A. E. Wight, type, comm. by W. G. Farlow; Castleton
Gardens, F. S. Earle, 240, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

53. P. sanguinea (Fr.) Bresadola in v. Hohnel & Litschauer,
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1588, 1589. 1906; Bour-
dot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28 : 395. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid.
690. 1922.

Thelephora sanguinea Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 203. 1828.—
Corticium sanguineum Fries, Epicr. 561. 1838; Hym. Eur. 650.
1874; Icones Hym. 2: 97. pi 198, f. 2. 1877; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
612. 1888; Wakefield, Brit. Myc. Soc. Trans. 4: 119. pi. 3, f.
18-20. 1913. — Kneiffia sanguinea (Fries) Bresadola, Ann. Myc.
1: 101. 1903. — Corticium glabrum Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea
1: 178. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 620. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 142. 1890. — (In part) Corticium Petersii
Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 177. 1873.

Fructification effused, somewhat membranaceous, tender,
dragon's-blood red, substance arachnoid, the margin byssoid or
fibrillose and often connected with mycelial strands of blood-red
color which stain the wood red, hymenium drying light buff and
pinkish buff to buff-pink; in section 200-500 ;x thick, not colored,
with the hyphae loosely arranged, 3-6 [l in diameter, and with
some granule-incrusted, rarely nodose-septate; cystidia hair-like,
not incrusted usually, about 4^ (jl in diameter, protruding 20-
30 (jl; spores white in spore collection, even, 4-5 X 2-2 J^ (*•

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On dead wood and fallen branches especially of conifers.
Europe, New Hampshire to Louisiana, and in Oregon. July to
January. Infrequent.

P. sanguinea and P. miniata may be recognized by the blood-
red color of the young fructifications, the more or less numerous
red mycelial strands, and the wood stained red. Later in fertile
stage the hymenium tends toward a buff color with a tinge of red.
In section P. sanguinea shows granule-incrusted hyphae more or
less numerous among other even-walled hyphae, while P. miniata
contains no incrusted hyphae.

Specimens examined:

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 275

Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1020, under the name Corticium
radiosum.

Sweden: L. Romell, 130; Stockholm, L. Romell, 186.

Austria: Tirol, V. Litschauer.

France: F. Fautrey, from Lloyd Herb., 3308.

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 10, E. A. Burt, 8, 4>

New York: Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 21 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54490); Karner, H. D. House, 14*157 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44704); Oneida, H. D. House (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57434) ; Wymantskill,
C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56051).
"^New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1020.

Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts, 3422 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54476).

South Carolina: Society Hill, types of Corticium glabrum, Curtis
Herb., 2404 (in Curtis Herb.) and 3719 (in Kew Herb.).

Florida: W. W. Calkins, 845 (in Burt Herb., Farlow Herb., and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63421).

Alabama: Peters, 847, under the name Corticium miniatum (in
Curtis Herb., 5225), and Peters, 473, one of the types of Cor-
ticium Peter sii (in Curtis Herb., 4509).

Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 2704*

Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 1860 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56868).

54. P. limonia Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, compact, fleshy-membranace-
ous, small pieces separable when moistened, cream-buff, not
cracked, the margin byssoid and with some radiating, cream-buff
mycelial strands; in section 200 [l thick, not perceptibly colored,
2-layered next to the substratum, with very coarse, heavily in-
crusted, loosely arranged, longitudinally interwoven hyphae
6-9 [i in diameter, and with the hymenial layer 75 \l thick and
composed of erect tissues; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not in-
crusted, 45 X 43^ \L, tapering to a sharp apex, protruding 20-
27 (x beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 3-4 X 2J^ p.

<c

[Vol. 12
276 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 2 J/2-4 cm. long, 1-1 3^ cm. wide.

On bark of decaying Robinia neo-mexicana. New Mexico.
August.

P. limonia has the color of P. sulphurina and P. carnosa but
differs from both by its occurrence on frondose bark and very
coarse, heavily incrusted hyphae. The hymenial layer does not
crack and flake away from the substratum like that of P. sul-
phurina. Treatment of sections with potassium hydrate solution
causes no color changes.

Specimens examined:
New Mexico: Sulphur Canyon, W. H. Long, 21405, type (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55146).

55. P. amoena Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications long and broadly effused, thin, adnate, small
pieces separable when moistened, cream-color in the herbarium,
even, glabrous, the margin thinning out, of finely interwoven
hyphae; in section 120 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae near
the substratum compactly interwoven, about 3 (i in diaiheter;
an incrusted subhymenial zone present, formed of numerous
incrusted bodies side by side; no gloeocystidia; cystidia of the
hymenial surface not incrusted, 7-9 y. in diameter, protruding
up to 45 [l; basidia rather large, 25-30 X 5-6 (x, with 4 sterig-
mata; spores hyaline, even, 12-15 X 4-6 \l, copious.

Fructifications probably large, for pieces broken off at one end
and one side are 5-6 cm. long, 13^-2 cm. wide.

On a soft wood of a frondose species. British Columbia.

P. amoena forms cream-colored, somewhat waxy fructifications
on decorticated logs of a pale soft wood — perhaps Populus. The
spores are so large as to afford a valuable specific character.

Specimens examined:
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 7, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5766).

56. P. firma Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, rather thick, dry, firm, membranaceous,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 277

small pieces separable when moistened, cream-buff in the her-
barium, even, not cracked, the margin thinning out, fibrillose;
in section 300-500 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae 4-6 y. in
diameter near the substratum, densely interwoven, ascending
and becoming finer, sometimes incrusted towards the hymenial
layer; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted, tapering upward
to a sharp point, 4-5 y. at base, protruding 20-35 \l, confined to
surface of hymenium, numerous; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X

Fructifications 2-5 cm. long in pieces broken off at both ends,
3-5 cm. wide.

On rotten wood of Alnus (?) and on bark of Robinia neo-
mexicana. Washington and Arizona. September and October.

P. firma resembles P. Roumeguerii in general aspect but its
cystidia are slenderer than those of P. Roumeguerii, not incrusted,
and present in the hymenial surface only.

Specimens examined:
Washington: Arlington, C. J. Humphrey, 7609, type.
Arizona: Santa Catalina Mountains, Coronado National Forest,

G. G. Hedgcock & W. H. Long, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

2555 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 12262).

57. P. miniata (Berk.) Burt, n. comb.

Thelephora miniata Berkeley in Hooker, Eng. Flora 22: 168.
1836; Brit. Fungi, No. 251. 1843. See v. Hohnel & Litschauer,
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1588. 1906.

Type: authentic specimen in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 251.

Fructification effused, somewhat membranaceous, tender,
English red, substance arachnoid, the margin byssoid or fibrillose
and often connected with mycelial strands of blood-red color;
hymenium drying pinkish buff to buff-pink and cinnamon-rufous;
in section 150-300 (x thick, not colored, the hyphae loosely ar-
ranged, 3-6 [i in diameter, not incrusted, rarely nodose-septate;
cystidia few, hair-like, not incrusted, 3J^-43^ ^ m diameter,
protruding 20-30 p; spores hyaline, even, 4-4 J^ X 2-2 J^ (a.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-2J^ cm. broad.

On fallen limbs, usually of conifers. In England, New Hamp-
shire to Louisiana, and in Washington and Oregon. July to De-
cember. Infrequent.

[Vol. 12
278 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

The twenty gatherings eited below have been separated from
P. sanguinea by the absence of incrusted hyphae in their sectional
preparations. In the original description of T. miniata, Berkeley
stated, "This most elegant species differs so much from T. san-
guinea Fr., in being mos,t highly colored where exposed to light,
while in the portions to which light has not free access it is nearly
white, and in not tinging the wood whereon it grows with its
own color, that an inspection of specimens renders it almost im-
possible to consider it the same." Fifteen of the twenty speci-
mens referred below to P. miniata on account of absence of
hyphal incrustation have the hymenium red and only five
pinkish buff, while none of the twenty specimens show the wood
stained red.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 251, authentic specimen of

Thelephora miniata Berk.
England: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 251.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, E. A. Burt, 1, 2.
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14830, 55201), and H. D. House &

J. Rubinger (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 17797); Karner, H. D. House, comm. by N. Y. State

Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54347, 54357, 54377);

Newtonville, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55969, 55989) ; North Elba, C. H. Kaufman, 5

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6719); Schuylerville, C. H. Peck,

comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 17, T 25 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54570, 54657).
Georgia: Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, from Farlow Herb., D

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44609).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, bu.
Washington: Chehalis, C. J. Humphrey, 6273; Hoquiam, C. «/.

Humphrey, 6409.
Oregon: Granite Pass, J. R. Weir, 11183 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63252).

Q 58. P. Burtii Romell, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and Romell Herb.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 279

Fructifications effused, somewhat membranaceous, tender,
hymenium drying warm buff usually but sometimes whitish to
cartridge-buff, sometimes cracked and showing the cottony sub-
stance, the margin byssoid or fibrillose and sometimes connected
with antimony-yellow mycelial strands; in section 200-300 p.
thick, not colored, with the hyphae loosely arranged, hyaline,
rarely nodose-septate, with some incrusting granules in the sub-
hymenium; cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, tapering, 3-4 (x in
diameter, protruding up to 25 [a, not numerous; spores hyaline,
even, 4-4^ X 2-2^ ^

Fructifications 2-7 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad.

On wood and fallen limbs of frondose species in woods. Ver-
mont to Louisiana and in Ohio, Michigan, and Montana. July
to October. Rare.

This species is noteworthy by the antimony-yellow or ochra-
ceous mycelial strands or cords which grow from under the bark
and connect with the fructifications. The presence of cystidia
separates this species from Corticium sulphurewn which has
yellower fructifications and not as large mycelial cords when
present.

Specimens examined:
^ Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 933, under the name Corticium

radiosum.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, 136, comm. by Farlow

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59627).
New York: Ithaca, H. H. Whetzel, comm. by Cornell Univ.

Herb., 13760.
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 933.
Virginia: Crabbottom, W. A. Murrill, 239 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61560).
Alabama: Auburn, Alabama Biological Survey.
Louisiana: Bogalusa, C. J. Humphrey, 5472; St. Martinville,

A. B. Langlois, cl.
West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1179.
Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3823, type.
Michigan: New Richmond, C. H. Kauffman, 34 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 23060).

•\

*

[Vol. 12
280 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Montana: Evaro, J. P. Weir, 415 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14772).

59. P. subapiculata (Bres.) Burt, n. comb.

Corticium subapiculatum Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 69. 1925.

Type: in Weir Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, small pieces separable
when moistened, waxy, becoming ivory-yellow to pinkish buff in
the herbarium, even, only rarely cracked, the margin thinning
out, pruinate; in section about 150 \l thick, not colored, composed
of interwoven hyaline hyphae 3J^-4J^ [l in diameter, not in-
crusted, only rarely nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; cystidia
hair-like, not incrusted, cylindric, obtuse, 3-4J^ y. in diameter,
protruding 10-40 y. beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even,
4-6 X 2-3 [i.

Fructifications 8-12 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On decaying logs of Pinus, Abies, and Larix — usually on the
wood. Idaho and British Columbia. June to September.

P. subapiculata resembles P. Weiri in color and general aspect
but has no gloeocystidia and smaller cystidia and spores.

Specimens examined:
Montana: Evaro, J. P. Weir, 414 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63720); Kalispell, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11957

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63312).
Idaho: Clarkia, A. S. Rhoades (in Weir Herb., 16928, type);

Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11086 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63245);

Priest River, J. R. Weir, 52, 180 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63718), and E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12020 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63375).
British Columbia : Kootenai Mountains, near Salmo, J. P. Weir,

476 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63719).

60. P. sordida (Karst.) Burt — not in the sense of Brinkmann
or Bresadola.

Corticium sordidum Karsten, Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica
Meddel. 9: 65. 1883; Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och
Folk 48: 413. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 631. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 140. 1890. Compare v. Hohnel

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 281

& Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 117: 1088.
1908.

Type: authentic specimen in Burt Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, small portions separable
when moistened, in the herbarium young specimen pale olive-
buff and older specimen wood-brown, contracting in drying and
cracking into small rectangular masses about 1 mm. in diameter,
separated by rather wide crevices and showing the paler floccose
subiculum, the margin thinning out; in section 150-300 \l thick,
not colored, becoming stratose, each stratum 2-layered, with the
layer towards the substratum composed of loosely arranged,
suberect, branching hyphae 4J^— 5 [x, rarely 6 [x, in diameter, not
incrusted, not nodose-septate, and the hymenial layer compact,
75 [l thick; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted, cylindric,
obtuse, 4-6 [l in diameter, protruding up to 30 fjt, none wholly
immersed; spores copious, hyaline, even, 43^-6 X 2-3 y..

Fructifications 3 cm. X 7 mm. and 2J^ X 1 cm. in the two
fragmentary pieces from Karsten, 3-10 cm. long, 7-15 mm. wide
in an American specimen.

On decorticated wood of P. sylvestris and P. Strobus on the
ground. Finland and New York. October. Rare.

Brinkmann distributed in his "Westfalische Pilze," 8, under the
name of Peniophora sordida (Karst.) Brinkmann, a specimen which
was later referred by Bresadola to Peniophora serialis. I have
not seen this specimen. Von Hohnel & Litschauer accepted this
reference, loc. cit., and placed Corticium sordidum Karst. as a
synonym of P. serialis. The study of other specimens of the
P. serialis complex shows that none of these others have the
structure of authentic Corticium sordidum although somewhat
resembling the old stage in general aspect. The problem with
me for a time was whether P. cremea is distinct from P. sordida}
but P. cremea occurs on frondose wood, is not cracked into rec-
tangular, completely separated masses, and has larger cystidia,
some of which are incrusted and wholly immersed. The Karsten
specimens of C. sordidum are in some places composed of a single
stratum 150 ^ thick of 2 layers and in others of 2 strata with
thickness together of 240-300 [l.

Specimens examined:

[Vol. 12
282 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen of Cor-

ticium sordidum.
New York: Earner, H. D. House, 1 4-188 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44722).

61. P. Burkei Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, adnate, membranaceous,
tender, small pieces separable when moistened, cream-buff in the
herbarium, somewhat tubercular, conforming to the inequalities
of the rough bark upon which growing, somewhat cracked in
drying, the margin thinning out, of finely interwoven hyphae;
in section 120-180 y. thick, not colored, with the hyphae suberect,
loosely interwoven, thin-walled, 3 y. in diameter, nodose-septate,
not incrusted; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted, subulate,
50 X 43/2-5 [l, protruding up to 20 tx; spores hyaline, even, 6-7
X 4-5 [x, copious.

Fructifications probably large — 4 cm. long, 2-2J^ cm. wide in
pieces broken off at both ends and on one side.

On rough, frondose bark. Alabama. October.

P. Burkei has some resemblance in aspect to P. cremea but has
a more tubercular hymenium, slenderer and more erect hyphae,
and larger spores.

Specimens examined:
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 4?4, type (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 57292).

62. P. glebulosa Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 61. pi. 170, /. 2.
1898; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 195. 1902; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 384. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 688. 1922.

Not Thelephora calcea Fries var. glebulosa Fries, Elenchus Fung.
1: 215. 1828.— Not Corticium calceum Fries, Epicr. 562. 1838;
nor Hym. Eur. 652. 1874.

Type: in Bresadola Herb, and Burt Herb.

Fructifications widely effused, thin, closely adnate, whitish,
pinkish buff, pale olive-buff, or cream color, pubescent with the
cystidia, becoming cracked into small areas when dry, the margin
thinning out; in section 50-200 [l thick, not colored, composed
throughout of cystidia and rather erect, interwoven, hyaline,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 283

thin- walled hyphae 1-3 (i in diameter, not incrusted; cystidia
thick-walled, with very narrow lumen which is often much larger
at apex of cystidium, even where immersed, or sometimes with
some granular incrustation near protruding apex, 60-150 X 7-
10 (x, protruding up to 50-100 pi, very numerous throughout the
fructification, not dissolved by treatment of sections with potas-
sium hydrate; spores white, even, cylindric, slightly curved,
6-9 X iy2-2 n.

Fructifications 3-15 cm. long, 1-6 cm. wide.

On wood of decaying conifers, rarely on bark, and on frondose
species. In Europe, from Canada to New Jersey, in Nebraska,
Colorado, Montana and Manitoba to British Columbia and
Oregon. May to November. Common locally.

P. glebulosa has distinctive cystidia to which Bourdot & Galzin
have given the term cystidioles. These cystidia are elongated,
cylindric, even throughout their whole length usually, but some-
times with a little incrusting matter near the apex of the pro-
truding part, and with a very thick wall — so thick that the axial
lumen containing protoplasmic contents is merely a line which,
however, is often greatly expanded at its peripheral end in the
apex of the cystidium where the latter becomes thin-walled and
fragile. The cystidia of P. glebulosa are not at all dissolved or
only partially by the potassium hydrate treatment to which sec-
tions are subjected. In the original description Bresadola
states that P. glebulosa is the same as authentic Corticium calceum
var. glebulosum Fries. I believe this to be an error, for a frag-
ment of authentic C. calceum var. glebulosum communicated to
me by Bresadola and the original specimens so labelled in Fries
Herbarium, all of which I studied, have no cystidia whatever and
agree in all respects with a true Corticium collected at Femsjo,
the original station, by Romell and myself.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Femsjo, Romell & Burt, three gatherings; Lappland,

L. Romell, 405; Stockholm, L. Romell, 199.
Austria : Stubai, Tirol, V. Litschauer.
Italy : Trient, G. Bresadola, type.
England: Symond's Yat, E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bbt. Gard.

Herb., 57120).

[Vol. 12
284 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Canada: Billings Bridge, /. Macoun, 113.

Quebec : Hull, J. Macoun, 246.

Maine: W. A. Murrill, 2189Y2 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61424) ; Kittery Point, R. Thaxter &
E. A. Burt; Piscataquis County, W. A. Murrill, 2142, 2653 (in
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61349,
61441).

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 19554) and 11.

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, four gatherings.

New York: Altamont, E. A. Burt; East Gal way, E. A. Burt,
three gatherings; Farmington, E. Brown, 116 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61451); Ithaca,
G. F. Atkinson, 8236, 8284; Sandlake, C. H. Peck, comm. by
N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 15 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54568).

New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, under the herbarium name
P. gracillima (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Burt Herb.).

Nebraska: Long Pine, C. L. Shear, 1056.

Colorado: Geneva Creek Canyon, alt. 8000-14000 ft., F. J.
Seaver & E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 61467) ; Golden, L. O. Overholts, 1752 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54881).

Montana: Bernice, J. R. Weir, 12000, 12006 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 63362, 63366) ; Darby, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R.
Weir (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63248); Hecla, E. E. Hubert,
comm. by J. R. Weir, 11416 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63263) ;
Libby, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11443 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 63273).

Idaho: Coeur d'Alene, J. R. Weir, 11974, and E. E. Hubert,
comm. by J. R. Weir, 11991 (both in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
63328 and 63354 respectively); Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11562 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63301); Priest River, E. E. Hubert,
comm. by J. R. Weir, 12029 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63381),
and J. R. Weir, 850, 6362 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 7853,
55952) and 54-

Manitoba: Norway House, G. R. Bisby, 1458, 1464, 1476 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61640, 61646, 61658).

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 285

British Columbia: Agassiz, /. R. Weir, 364 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 16407); Comax, /. Macoun, 622 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55333); Kootenai Mts., Salmo, J. R. Weir, 485, 538

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17619, 1738) ; Sidney, J. Macoun, 22,

41, 64, 97 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5682, 55342, 5742, 55343);

Squamish, /. Macoun (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55180);

Vancouver Island, J. Macoun, 356, 357 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55331, 55332); Victoria, J. Macoun, 576 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63502).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 699; Hoquiam, C. J.

Humphrey, 6374', Kalama, C. /. Humphrey, 6139; Ren ton,

C. J. Humphrey, 6633; Tacoma, W. A. Murrill, 145, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55726).
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 1813 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56333) ; Eugene, C. J. Humphrey, 6086.

63. P. verticillata Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thick, membranaceous, separable, whit-
ish to ecru-drab in the herbarium, even the margin whitish,
rather thick, cottony; in section 1300 ^ thick, not colored, con-
sisting of (a) a layer 500 \i thick next to the substratum of densely,
longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae about 3-3 }/£ \l in di-
ameter, and of (b) a zonate hymenial layer 800 \l thick con-
taining many elongated cystidia; no gloeocystidia; cystidia cylin-
dric, 150-200 X 6-7 [l, with 4-9 bands of incrusting matter,
protruding up to 45 (x; no spores found.

Fructifications 1^-2^ cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On rotten coniferous wood. Oregon. March.

The cystidia of P. verticillata are of the thick- walled cylindric
type occurring in P. glebulosa but without as narrow a lumen, nor
with the latter abruptly, greatly enlarged near the apex. The
bands of incrusting matter on the cystidia are a unique character
of the type but are not retained in glycerine mounts of sections.
The very broad layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae along the
substratum and the very thick, separable fructifications tending
to ecru-drab are probably the more distinctive characters of this
species, which is distinct from P. (Gloeocystidium) pallidula.

[Vol. 12
286 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Oregon: Waltersville, C. C. Epling & J. B. Shorett, 600, type,
comm. by S. M. Zeller, 2317 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
63041).

4- 64. P. crassa Burt, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 54: 155. 1901.

Stereum Karstenii Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3:
108. 1897; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 37: 126.
1921. — Not Peniophora Karstenii Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
25: 153. 1889. — Not Phanerochaete odorata Karsten, Finska
Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 427. 1889.— Corticium
ochroleucum, in part, of Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 165.
1875, but not of Fries.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, becoming thick, somewhat
fleshy, light buff to pinkish buff, separable from the substratum
when moistened if thick, the margin somewhat tomentose, deter-
minate; in section 500-1500 pi thick, not colored, 2-layered, with
the layer next to the substratum 200-300 pt thick, composed of
densely interwoven, rather thick-walled and stiff, non-incrusted
hyphae 3-4J^ y. in diameter, and with the hymenial layer 300-
1200 [i thick, more or less zonate, and composed of erect hyphae
and cystidia; no gloeocystidia ; cystidia even or sometimes some-
what incrusted, cylindric, flexuous, 100-500 X 43^-6 \l, pro-
truding up to 30 [l beyond the basidia, present in all parts of the
hymenial layer, destroyed and dissolved by potassium hydrate
treatment of sections; basidia 4-spored; spores white in spore
collection, even, curved, 43^-6 X lJ/£-2 \i.

Fructifications 3-20 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On decorticated, decaying logs of Pinus, Abies, Picea, Tsuga,
and Pseudotsuga. In Europe and from Canada to Alabama and
westward to the Pacific states. Common.

P. crassa is certainly cogeneric with P. glebulosa, belongs in the
same group of species, occurs on the same substrata and is prob-
ably equally destructive to wood. Its fructifications are thicker
than those of P. glebulosa and crack into larger masses. The
cystidia have thinner walls and larger lumen than those of P.
glebulosa and are noteworthy for the destructive action of potas-

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 287

sium hydrate on them, so that it can not be safely used in clearing
and swelling the sections. Lactic acid should be used instead.

I have included under P. crassa the two European specimens of
Stereum Karstenii cited below, because of agreement in all char-
acters except the much greater thickness of the latter and their
curling away from substratum at the margin and separation of
the whole fructification in a sheet-like mass. American speci-
mens of P. crassa range from 500 to 1000 \l thick and have the
margin closely adnate to the substratum. Perhaps there is
specific difference between P. crassa and Stereum Karstenii.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 331, under the name Corticium ^
ochroleucum var. spumeum; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 33, under
the name Corticium ochroleucum.
Hungary: A. Kmet, type of Stereum Karstenii from Bresadola.
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 20064, comm. by H. Bourdot, 20799.
Canada: /. Macoun, Jf.2; Quebec, J. Macoun, 260; Ottawa, J.

Macoun, 248, in part.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 23, and an unnum-
bered specimen.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two gatherings; Rip ton, E. A. K

Burt, type.
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow, e; Sharon, A. P. D.
Piguet, 139, comm. by Farlow Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
59360).
New York: Floodwood, E. A. Burt, C. H. Peck, 2; Ithaca, G. F.
Atkinson, 8008; Keene, C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., T 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54554); North
Elba, C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 9 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54555) ; Sylvan Beach, Oneida County,
H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 7460, 8293).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 331.
Pennsylvania: State College, L. O. Overholts, 3631 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54703).
North Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, 1521 (in Curtis Herb., 1763,

under the name Corticium ochroleucum var. erimosum).
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 33,

[Vol. 12

288 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

and (in Curtis Herb., 2169, under the name Corticium ochro-

leucum) .
Alabama: Auburn, comm. by Alabama Biological Survey.
Idaho: Addie, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11976 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63329); Coolin, /. R. Weir, 11558 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63299); Priest River, /. R. Weir, 108, 378,

6351 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16060, 21353, 55951) and

3, 24, 46, 50, 56.
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, /. R. Weir, 455,

498 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8760, 21632); Revelstoke, C. W.

Dodge, 1654 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58788); Sidney, J.

Macoun, 63, 393 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5741, 55325).
Washington: Kalama, C. J. Humphrey, 6214 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 20431).
Arizona: Flagstaff, W. H. Long, 21386 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55140); Fort Valley Experiment Station, W. H. Long, 19624

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20133).

65. P. subalutacea (Karst.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1601. 1906; Bourdot & Galzin,
Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 387. 1913; Wakefield, Brit. Myc. Soc.
Trans. 5: 133. 1914; Rea, Brit. Basid. 688. 1922.

Corticium subalutaceum Karsten, Soc. pro Fauna et Flora
Fennica Meddel. 9 : 65. 1883 ; Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och
Folk 48: 414. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 636. 1888; v. Hohnel
& Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1560.
1906. — Kneiffia subalutacea (Karsten) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1:
104. 1903.

Type: authentic specimen or perhaps part of type in Burt
Herb.

Fructifications long and widely effused, very thin, closely
adnate, pale olive-buff to pinkish buff in the herbarium, hymenium
loose and rather rough under a lens, the margin thinning out; in
section 30-100 ;x thick, not colored, with the hyphae interwoven,
rather rigid and thick-walled, about 2J^ [i in diameter, not in-
crusted, cylindric, thin-walled, 43^-6 [i, protruding up to 60 \i
beyond the basidia, often starting from the substratum, some-
times somewhat clustered at slight elevations of the hymenium;

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 289

spores hyaline, even, narrowly cylindric, slightly curved, about

4H-7 x iy2 n.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On decaying pine wood. Europe, New Jersey to Louisiana,
and in Washington. July to March. Rare.

The cystidia of P. subalutacea place it in the group with P.
glebulosa and P. crassa. It is thinner than either of these. It
may be distinguished from thin forms of the former by the thin-
walled cystidia which have a lumen of nearly uniform diameter
which is not abruptly and greatly enlarged near the apex of the
cystidium.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Femsjo, E. A. Burt.

Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen.
Poland: Eichler, comm. by G. Bresadola.
Austria: Tirol, V. Litschauer.
England: Baslow Foray, A. D. Cotton, comm. by E. M. Wakefield

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44583).
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, %444, comm. by H. Bourdot, 8007.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 7510, comm. by W. G. Farlow

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 1794).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1030.
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 635 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63071).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 0.
Washington: Mt. Paddo, W. N. Suksdorf, 726.

66. P. odorata (Karsten) Burt, n. comb.

Phanerochaete odorata Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur
och Folk 48: 427. 1889. Not Stereum odoratum Fries, Epicr.
553. 1838. — Not Stereum Karstenii Bresadola, I. R. Accad.
Agiati Atti III. 3V: 108. 1897.

Type: in Burt Herb, from Karsten and probably in Karsten
Herb.

Fructifications narrowly effused, small, pulvinate, somewhat
convex, becoming longitudinally confluent, adnate, dry, felty,
cartridge-buff to pale pinkish buff, velvety, the margin thick,
entire; in section 500-1000 y. thick, not colored, at length zonate

[Vol. 12
290 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

or stratose, composed of a layer next to the substratum of inter-
woven, tough, hyaline hyphae 3-4 y. in diameter, and of 1-4 hy-
menial layers; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted, cylindric,
80-150 X 6-9 {jl, protruding up to 80 \l beyond the basidia, not
destroyed by potassium hydrate treatment; basidia with 4
sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, 12-15 X 4-6 p, copious.

Fructifications 5 mm.-2J^ cm. long, 3-10 mm. wide, rarely
5-10 cm. long by confluence.

On decorticated decaying wood and fence rails of Pinus albi-
caulis, P. contorta, P. flexilis, P. Murray ana, P. silvestris, Abies
grandis, Larix, Pseudotsuga, and Thuja. In northern Europe,
and in Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, British Columbia, Wash-
ington, and Arizona. Frequent.

P. odorata may be recognized by its small, thick, pulvinate, dry,
velvety, pallid fructifications on old, weathered, blackened, coni-
ferous wood, by large spores, and stratose fructifications which
have even cystidia not affected by the potassium hydrate treat-
ment of sections. Karsten referred his specimens to Stereum
odoratum Fries, and Bresadola included the Karsten specimens
under his Stereum Karstenii Bres., of which I regard the type to
be a gathering made by Kmet in Hungary.

Specimens examined:
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, type of Phanerochaete odorata.
Sweden: Bedaro, L. Romell, Jf.12; Lappland, L. Romell, 1±13; Stock-
holm, L. Romell, 369.
Montana: Anaconda, J. R. Weir, 583 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
63173); Bernice, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12011 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63322); Hecla, E. E. Hubert, comm. by
J. R. Weir, 11405 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63260); Choteau,
/. A. Hughes, comm. by J. R. Weir, 5824 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55649); Libby, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir,
11351 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63259); Melrose, E. E. Hu-
bert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11427, 11433, 11439 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 63261, 63274, 63279); West Butte, /. A. Hughes,
comm. by J. R. Weir, 5496 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55647).
Wyoming: Fox Park, J. R. Weir, 10018 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55789).
Idaho: Bonanza, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 291

2527, in part; Coolin, /. R. Weir, 11526 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63291); Priest River, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R.

Weir (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63258).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., Salmo, J. R. Weir, 536 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22598).
Washington: Mt. Paddo, W. N. Suksdorf, 729.
Arizona: Coronado National Forest, Santa Catalina Mountains,

G. G. Hedgcock & W. H. Long, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2544

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63534).

67. P. pilosa Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, closely adnate, hypochnoid, be-
coming pale olive-buff in the herbarium, the margin thinning out;
in section 40-60 \i thick, not colored, composed of loosely arranged,
thin-walled hyphae 2J^— 3 [i in diameter, not incrusted, and of
cystidia starting from the substratum; no gloeocystidia ; cystidia
not incrusted, thin-walled, cylindric, 60-100 X 43^-7 p., pro-
truding up to 70 [t. beyond the basidia, often constricted near the
tip and terminating in an ovoid-shaped body; basidia 4-spored;
spores hyaline, even, 6-8 X 4-4J^ \i, copious.

Fructifications fragmentary, with the largest fragment 2% cm.
long, 1 cm. wide.

On decaying coniferous wood. New York and Alabama. Prob-
ably rare.

P. pilosa forms a gray, downy covering on old weathered pine
wood, with the basidia not forming a compact hymenium. In
aspect this species somewhat resembles P. tenuis but there are
no gloeocystidia, and the numerous long, cylindric cystidia, some-
times terminating in a single spore-shaped end and sometimes in
a short row of 2 or 3, are distinctive.

Specimens examined:
New York: East Gal way, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

1W5, type.
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 154 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 3650).

68. P. Peckii Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and probably in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

O

[Vol. 12
292 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications broadly effused, somewhat membranaceous,
separable from the substratum in small portions when moistened,
thin, becoming cartridge-buff to cream-buff in the herbarium, not
shining, cracking in drying, the margin thinning out; in section
60-360 (x thick, not colored, composed throughout of suberect
hyphae about 4 y. in diameter, not incrusted and occasionally
nodose-septate, of elongated flexuous cystidia, and of great
numbers of subglobose, even chlamydospores 4J^-5 X 4 [l;
cystidia not incrusted, flexuous, elongated, with somewhat the
aspect of gloeocystidia, 30-100 X 6-9 \l, in all regions of fruc-
tification, many starting from the substratum, tapering upward,
protruding up to 40 [l beyond the basidia; basidia with 4 sterig-
mata; basidiospores hyaline, even, subglobose, 5-6 X ^Yi \l.
Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.
On bare ground in woods and on bark and wood of decaying
Alnus, Betula, Populus, QuercuSj and Ceanothus, rarely on a
coniferous substratum. Canada to Massachusetts and westward
to Washington. July to March. Occasional.

P. Peckii is placed in the species group with P. glebulosa on
account of the large, even-walled cystidia which are more flexuous
than those of the latter species and with more the aspect of gloeo-
cystidia, but I have not yet demonstrated by granular contents
that they are gloeocystidia. P. Peckii is distinguished by the
great number of subglobose spores distributed throughout the
whole fructification in sections studied.

Specimens examined:
Canada: J. Macoun, 18, 51; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J,

Macoun, 5.
Massachusetts: Cherry Brook, E. A. Burt & A. B. Seymour;
Magnolia, W. G. Farlow (in Burt Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44066) ; Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Far-
low, 11 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55590) and by Farlow Herb.,
132 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59622); Wellesley, L. W.
Riddle, 11.
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 5089; Karner, H. D. House,
comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54361, 55204); Westport, C. H. Peck, 6, type; White Plains,
W. H. Ballou, 1 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55030).

A

\

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 293

Michigan: Marquette, C. J. Humphrey, 1870 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 11089).
Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 895.
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 7U, 907.

69. P. heterocystidia Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, separable from the substratum
when moistened, becoming cracked in drying and often loosening
from substratum along the fissures, whitish when young, becoming
light drab, cinnamon drab or vinaceous drab, the margin often
paler; in section not colored or with only the hymenial layer
clay-colored or brownish, 200-400 \l thick, 2-layered, the layer
next to substratum usually broad, composed of loosely interwoven,
somewhat ascending or longitudinally arranged, hyaline, nodose-
septate hyphae 3-4}^ y. in diameter, the hymenial layer 40-80 [i
thick, composed of cystidia, gloeocystidia, and erect hyphae
usually slightly colored near plane of origin from the under layer;
cystidia consisting of both usual incrusted cystidia 25-35 X
6-8 [l, distributed in all parts of the outer layer, and of very large
cystidia up to 40-100 X 20-50 y. which start from the base —
often somewhat colored — of the hymenial layer; gloeocystidia
slender, flexuous, 40-60 X 5-6 [i, between the basidia; basidia
with 4 sterigmata; spores from spore collection white, even,
cylindric, 12-15 X ^Ar^A U»

Fructifications 2-7 cm. in diameter.

On fallen limbs of gray birch, beech, maple, Carpinus, Mag-
nolia, and other frondose species. Canada to Mississippi and
westward to Missouri and in Mexico. June to March. Com-
mon.

P. heterocystidia resembles Corticium laeve Pers.(=C evolvens
Fr.) in color but is a true Peniophora, readily distinguished from
our other separable species by having incrusted cystidia of the
usual size, other very large cystidia up to 20-50 (x in diameter,
and gloeocystidia. Bresadola and von Hohnel & Litschauer con-
fused this species with P. carnea, from which it differs in being
much thicker, separable from the substratum when moistened,
and being colored within on the hymenial side instead of next

-V

[Vol. 12
294 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

to the substratum. Rarely a fructification may have the
hymenium vary somewhat hydnaceous.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 716, under the name Cortiaium

glabrum, 717a of some copies, under the name Corticium sub-

giganteum.
Canada: J. Macoun, 3, 10, 14, 46-
Ontario: Lake Rosseau, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 755; Ottawa, J.

Macoun, 110.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, type, and 2 other gatherings.
Connecticut: Central Village, J. L. Sheldon, 23, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.
New York: Bemis Heights, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., under the name Stereum albobadium); Bronx Park,

Class in Mycology (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 61392, 61430, and Burt Herb.); Kirkland, H. D. House

(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59685,

and Burt Herb.) ; Snyders, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56018); Syracuse, L. M.

Underwood, in some copies of Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 221, under

the name Corticium glabrum; White Plains, W. H. Ballou (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55034).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis.

Pennsylvania: Meadville, E. C. Smith, comm. by L. 0. Over-
holts, 8337 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59475); West Chester,

Ever hart, Haines, Jefferis & Gray, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 716.
District of Columbia: Washington, C. L. Shear, 1257a, 1260.
Mississippi: Ocean Springs, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61484).
Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 191, 2790, 4518; Norwood, C. G.

Lloyd, 2274.
Indiana: Millers, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 962; Union County,

M . F. & L. 0. Overholts & B. Fink, comm. by L. O. Overholts,

4204 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55636).
Illinois: Cypress, C. J. Humphrey, 1347 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

42923) ; Glencoe, E.T. & S. A. Harper, 662, 646.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd (in Lloyd Herb., 1411, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55626).

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 295

Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 265, 288, IfiO, 472; Pacific,

B. M. Duggar (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63417); near St.

Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63418).
Mexico: Tepeite Valley near Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Mur-

rill, IfiO, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54551).

70. P. borealis (Peck) Burt, n. sp.

Peniophora disciformis (DC) Cooke var. borealis Peck in
Harriman Alaska Exped. 5. The Fungi of Alaska, 43. 1904;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 175. 1905.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thick, membranaceous, separable, be-
coming light buff in the herbarium, velvety with the numerous
cystidia, the margin thinner, entire, clay-color, free in some places;
in structure 60 y. thick, not colored, composed of hyaline hyphae
2 [i in diameter, not incrusted, densely and longitudinally ar-
ranged along the substratum and then curving obliquely out-
ward to form the hymenial layer, and of occasional slender gloeo-
cystidial organs with enlarged clavate or pyriform tips up to
43/2-7 \L in diameter; cystidia incrusted, cylindric, 60-75 X 6-
9 [i, confined to the hymenial surface but in great numbers there,
protruding nearly their whole length beyond the basidia; a single
detached spore is hyaline, even, 10 X 8 [x, but may be foreign.

Fructifications 5 mm.-2J^ cm. long, 5 mm.-lO mm. wide.

On bark of small decaying twigs of a frondose species — perhaps
Alnus. Alaska. June.

P. borealis has aspect somewhat suggestive of P. aurantiaca but
is more buff-colored, with darker margin becoming free, and with
cystidia so long and numerous as to be very conspicuous when
viewed with a lens. The abundance of these cystidia is so great
as to be a very important character in the recognition of this
species by preliminary inspection.

Specimens examined:
Alaska : Aqua Dulce River, Yakutat Bay, W. Trelease, 583, type

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5006).

71. P. lepida Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 70. 1925.
Type: in Weir Herb.

[Vol. 12
296 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications broadly effused, thick, waxy-membranaceous,
separable from the substratum, somewhat horn-like and requiring
moistening for a short time before sectioning, pinkish buff to
light ochraceous-buff in the herbarium, somewhat pulverulent,
the margin finally free and rolling up from the substratum; in
section 500-600 [x thick, not colored, composed of densely ar-
ranged hyphae 3-33^ (x in diameter, which run longitudinally
along the substratum and then curve obliquely into the hymeni-
um; between the hyphae occur numerous slightly more deeply
staining elongated organs of the nature of conducting organs or
slender gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted, cylindric, 6-8 y. in diam-
eter, protruding up to 30 \l beyond the basidia, very numerous
in the hymenial surface, the incrusted part about 20-45 [t. long;
no spores found.

Fructification 9 cm. long, 33^ cm. wide.

On a dead stub about 2^ cm. in diameter, of Salix sp. Idaho.
June.

P. lepida has some resemblance to P. gigantea but is not quite
as gelatinous in consistency as P. gigantea and occurs on Salix.
The slender conducting hyphae or gloeocystidia should aid in
recognizing the species. The broad layer of hyphae arranged
longitudinally along the substratum and then curving outward
into the hymenium is very like that of a resupinate Stereum but
I recall no pileate Stereum of similar structure.

Specimens examined:
Idaho: National Forest, 50 miles east of Orofino, A. S. Rhoads (in

Weir Herb., 16744, type).

» 72. P. Kauffmanii Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and probably in Kauffman
Herb.

Fructifications long-effused, rather thin, adnate, small portions
separable when moistened, between pale pinkish buff and tilleul-
buff, not cracked, not waxy nor shining, the margin determinate,
thinning out; in section 300-350 [l thick, 2-layered, with both
layers of about equal thickness and the hymenial layer somewhat
honey-yellow, the layer next to the substratum not colored, com-
posed of loosely and longitudinally interwoven, thin- walled,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 297

hyaline hyphae about 3 \l in diameter, of irregular outline; hy-
menial layer composed of densely arranged, erect hyphae, gloeo-
cystidia, and cystidia; gloeocystidia flexuous, 45-100 X 4-7 \l;
cystidia incrusted when wholly immersed, cylindric, obtuse,
30-45 X 6-8 [x, protruding 20-30 [l beyond the basidia in in-
crusted, or more usually, non-incrusted form, not abundant;
spores hyaline, even, curved, 8-12 X 23^-3 (x, with pointed and
tapering base, copious.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long but broken off at one end, 1-2}^
cm. wide.

On decaying limbs of Fagus. Kentucky. September. Prob-
ably local.

Among our few species of Peniophora which have gloeocystidia,
P. Kauffmanii should be readily recognized by its occurrence on
beech, buff color, structure of 2 equal layers, and small, incrusted
cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Kentucky : Harlan, C. H. Kauffman, 69, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 22827).

73. P. alba Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, somewhat membranaceous,
small pieces separable when moistened, white, even, not shining,
somewhat cracked by contraction in drying, the margin thinning
out; in section 80-100 y. thick, not colored, with the hyphae
loosely arranged near the substratum, suberect, branching, about
3 pi in diameter, not incrusted, only rarely nodose-septate; gloeo-
cystidia curved, 30-45 X QA-^Vi ji, usually starting from the
substratum; cystidia not incrusted or with some incrusting
granules, thin-walled, 4-5 \l in diameter, protruding up to 30 [i
beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X 2J^ \l.

Fructifications fragmentary and not showing ends nor more
than one side; such fragments 5 cm. long, 10-15 mm. wide.

On bark of dead cedar or spruce. Canada. September.

P. alba seems possible of recognition among our many whitish
species of Peniophora by its pure white color, presence of gloeo-
cystidia in addition to cystidia, and occurrence on coniferous bark.

[Vol. 12
298 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Canada : locality not given, J. Macoun, 57, type.

74. P. tenella Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications effused, white, tender, thin, loosely attached,
separable when moistened, velvety, setulose with the large
cystidia, the margin indeterminate, thinning out; in section
150-200 \l thick, not colored, composed of a dense hymenial
layer 75-90 y. thick, borne on a loosely interwoven layer composed
of thin-walled, hyaline hyphae 3-4 (i in diameter, nodose-septate,
sometimes granule-incrusted; hymenial layer composed of basidia,
gloeocystidia, and incrusted cystidia; gloeocystidia numerous,
flexuous, tapering from the base, 45-75 X 5-8 \i; cystidia very
large, heavily incrusted, conical, 60-100 X 15-20 n, wholly im-
mersed, or protruding beyond the basidia up to 75 {x; spores
copious, hyaline, even, 7^-9 X 3-4 [l.

Fructifications 1-2 cm. in diameter.

On coniferous bark. New Hampshire and Massachusetts.
September and October. Rare.

P. tenella is distinguished from P. pubera by occurrence on
coniferous, rather than frondose, substratum, by being so loosely
attached to the substratum that small portions needed for sec-
tioning may be separated from the substratum when moistened,
and by the loosely interwoven hyphal layer equalling or exceeding
in thickness the hymenial layer and containing no gloeocystidia
nor cystidia.

Specimens examined :
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7617).
Massachusetts: Cambridge, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G.

Farlow, 30.

75. P. duplex Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications small, effused, thin, adnate, somewhat mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moistened, becoming pale
pinkish buff in the herbarium, even, not cracked, not shining, the

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 299

margin narrow, radiate-fibrillose; in section 100-200 \l thick,
not colored, the hyphae with walls gelatinously modified, in-
distinct, about 3 \L in diameter, ascending, densely crowded to-
gether and interwoven and with numerous gloeocystidia present ;
gloeocystidia sometimes pyriform but usually more elongated,
20-45 X 6-9 [i, in all regions of the fructification; cystidia in-
crusted, cylindric, 25-30 X 4J^-5 &a, protruding up to 20 [l
beyond the basidia, confined to the hymenium; spores hyaline,
even, flattened on one side, 5 X 2% [i.

Fructifications received in fragments 1-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm.
wide.

On bark of Pinus austriaca (cult.). New York. October.

In general aspect P. duplex suggests small fructifications of
P. gigantea but not curling away from the substratum at all.
The cystidia are smaller than those of P. gigantea and the latter
does not have gloeocystidia.

Specimens examined:
New York : Shelter Island, W. G. Farlow, type.

76. P. mutata (Peck) Bresadola in Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 399. 1913.

Corticium mutatum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 43 : 67. 1890.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, membranaceous, fleshy, thick,
separable when moistened, drying white to pinkish buff, some-
times centrally tuberculose or with raduloid teeth and occasion-
ally with radial folds, sometimes cracking in drying and showing
the white, fibriilose subiculum in the fissures, the margin white,
radially byssoid; in structure 300-1000 [x thick, composed of
loosely arranged, ascending, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae 3-4 y.
in diameter, occasionally nodose-septate; gloeocystidia pyriform,
15 X 7 (jl, more or less numerous, sometimes grown out into elon-
gated, flexuous form up to 100 X 4-5 [l, occurring as hyphal
ends or branches in the sybhymenium; cystidia incrusted or not
incrusted, 50-100 X 6-15 y., sometimes not protruding beyond
the basidia and sometimes so few present as to be found only
after examination of several sections; basidia 4-spored, with
short, thick, knob-like sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, cylindric,
8-16 X 3-4 (x.

[Vol. 12
300 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 3-7 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, sometimes larger
by confluence.

Common on bark of decaying logs and fallen branches of
Populus and also on Tilia, Quercus, Acer, and other frondose
species. Canada to Alabama, westward to Idaho, in Europe and
in Japan. July to November and in April.

P. mutata is a thick, somewhat fleshy, white, or whitish species
occurring usually on bark of fallen poplar and basswood and
showing in sectional preparations pyriform gloeocystidia, cystidia,
and spores usually about 12 X 3*/£ \l. This species approaches
the genus Radulum in thickness of the fructification, its obliquely
ascending hyphae, and in occasional specimens having some
raduloid teeth; such specimens have the aspect of Radulum
orbiculare but differ from it by presence of the pyriform bodies
and cystidia.

Specimens examined:
n7 Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 717 a, under the name Corticium

subgiganteum, 719, under the name Corticium laeve; Ell. & Ev.,

Fungi Col., 308, under the name Corticium laeve.
Austria: Langenschonbich, F. v. H"hnel, comm. by V. Litschauer.
Canada: J. Macoun, 7, 52; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J.

Macoun, 11, 81; Ottawa, /. Macoun, Jfi, 41, and 136 (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55924) ; Ontario,

Harraby, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 685.
Maine: Piscataquis County, W. A. Murrill, 2451 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61402); Portage,

L. W. Riddle, 16.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two gatherings.
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 22965; Karner, H. D. House,

14-158, 14-160 (in part), and two unnumbered specimens (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44712, 44706, 54367, 55215); Sevey,

C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.); Shokan, C. H.

Peck, T24 (in Mo. Bot. Gard Herb., 54660); Slingerlands,

C. H. Peck, T 23 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54659); Syracuse,

L. M. Underwood, 48 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 61409, 61433); White Plains, W. H. Ballou

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10458).
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 717a,

719, and Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 308.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 301

Florida: W. W. Calkins.

Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 13 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 17193).
Ohio: Preston, C. G. Lloyd, 1555; West Elkton, L. 0. Overholts,

3164 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5712).
Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 6, 8, 13, H.
Illinois: River Forest, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 631.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman.
Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 871.
Minnesota: Princeton, C. J. Humphrey, 899 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 21044).
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 561; Meramec Highlands,

P. Spaulding (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63746); Pickering,

E. Bartholomew, 6425 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55195);

St. Louis, N. M. Glatfelter, 1377, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.; E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44073).
South Dakota: Custer, J. R. Weir, 10019 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55799).
Idaho: Priest River, /. R. Weir, 37; St. Maries, /. R. Weir, 560

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63179).
Japan: Bungo, A. Yasuda, 107 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57024).

77. P. Allescheri Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 62. pi. 172.
1898; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 194. 1902.— But not as understood
by Bourdot & Galzin and by Wakefield.

Kneiffia Allescheri Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 100. 1903. —
Gloeopeniophora Allescheri (Bres.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K.
Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 117: 1081 1908.

Type: in Bresadola Herb, and Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, membranaceous, fleshy, thick,
drying white to pinkish buff, sometimes contracting in drying,
curling away from the substratum more or less at the fissures
and showing the white, fibrillose subiculum, the margin white,
byssoid; in structure 300-1000 (jl thick, composed of obliquely
ascending and interwoven, hyaline hyphae more or less incrusted,
3-6 [i in diameter; gloeocystidia elongated, flexuous, 40-100 X
4-7 [i, often continued beyond the deeply staining portion as an

[Vol. 12
302 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

undifferentiated hypha, numerous in the subhymenium; cystidia
incrusted or not incrusted, 30-60 X 6-10 n; spores hyaline, even,
10-13 X 3-4 (x.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad.

On bark of fallen limbs of Populus and other frondose species.
Canada to New York and westward to Washington, in West
Indies, and in Europe.

The type of P. Allescheri and specimens of similar structure
cited below differ so slightly from P. mutata that I have separated
them from the latter only by all their gloeocystidia being of
slender elongated form and perhaps specially differentiated
middle portions of hyphae, while the gloeocystidia of P. mutata
are terminal portions of hyphae and hyphal branches which are
in many cases pyriform and in others afford indication by a pyri-
form base of having finally grown out from a pyriform body into
an elongated gloeocystidium. It may be that when someone
can keep under observation and examination a specimen of
P. mutata during its season, he may find that pyriform gloeo-
cystidia are present abundantly up to the time of copious spore
production and then finally all become elongated so that the
fructification would be referable to P. Allescheri. In this event
P. Allescheri will become a synonym of P. mutata by priority
of the latter.

While P. mutata has become correctly understood in Europe
through my exchanges with Bresadola there is a misunderstanding
there concerning P. Allescheri. Von Hohnel & Litschauer
studied the original specimen of P. Allescheri in Bresadola Herb,
and state, loc. cit., that this consists of a mixture of fructifications
of P. cremea and P. Allescheri, the latter as described by Bresadola
and figured in his plate. The specimen shared with me by Bresa-
dola is in such close agreement with the plate that the colored
drawing of the upper figure may have been made from it, and it
agrees also with the description. Its data as to collection is given
"ad corticem Fagi silv. Bavaria. Allescheri The portions of the
original specimens communicated to Bourdot & Galzin and to
Miss Wakefield are apparently of the P. cremea component,
referred to by v. Hohnel & Litschauer.

Specimens examined:

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 303

Sweden: L. Romell, 439 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44305); Stock-
holm, L. Romell, 102.
Germany: Bavaria, Allescher, comm. by Bresadola, part of type.
Canada: Rideau Park, J. Macoun, 325; Ottawa, J. Macoun, 133,

in part; Quebec, Ironsides, J. Macoun, 256.
New Hampshire: Jackson, W. H. Snell, 624 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 59246).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Glasco, Ulster County, P. Wilson, 40 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54747) ; Ithaca, H. E. Stork, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56643), G. F. Atkinson, 8031, 22761, D. Reddick, by

Cornell Univ. Herb., 20567, Van Hook, Cornell Univ. Herb.,

8011, and Wright, Cornell Univ. Herb., 8353.
Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3920; College Hill, C. G. Lloyd, 3121 (in Lloyd

Herb., Burt Herb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 61419).
Indiana: Crawfordsville, A. R. Bechtel, 10 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 59648).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 12; New Richmond,

C. H. Kauffman, 31 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9864).
British Columbia: Vancouver Island, /. Macoun, 355 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55323).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 702.
West Indies : Grenada, Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G.

Farlow, 4.

78. P. subcremea v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1600. text f. 6. 1906; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
21:408. 1912.

Type: type distribution in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3230, under
the name Corticium lacteum.

Fructifications effused, thin, closely adnate, becoming cartridge-
buff to ivory-yellow in the herbarium, not cracked, the margin
thinning out; in section 40-150 \i thick, not colored, composed of
suberect, bushy-branched hyphae 2-3 \l in diameter, not in-
crusted, only occasionally nodose-septate, and of flexuous gloeo-
cystidia 40 X 4 \l, starting from the substratum in the type;
cystidia not incrusted, 4J^-6 \l in diameter, protruding up to

[Vol. 12

304 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

40 {x beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, cylindric, 3%-4:% X
2-2J/2 ^, copious.

Fructifications lJ^-8 cm. long, l}^-5 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of Pinus. Finland, Montana, and Manitoba.
September to November. Rare.

The specimen from Manitoba is on bark of a frondose species,
but agrees well in other respects with the specimens on pine.
The small spores are a distinguishing character of P. sub-
cremea.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur., 3230, type distribution, under

the name Corticium lacteum.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in Rabenhorst, Fungi Eur.,

3230.
Montana: Anaconda, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12010

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63370).
Manitoba: Winnipeg, G. R. Bisby & I. L. Couriers, 1183 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 59047).

79. P. admirabilis Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, thin, membranaceous,
small pieces separable, becoming cartridge-buff in the herbarium,
fibrillose, not shining, even, with but few small cracks, the margin
thinning out, with its hyphae loosely interwoven; in section
180-240 \L thick, not colored, composed of suberect, thin- walled
hyphae 3J^-4 (x in diameter, not incrusted, of gloeocystidia both
elongated and vesicular, and of large chlamydospores; cystidia
cylindric, incrusted, up to 105 X 9 \i, confined to the hymenium,
somewhat disorganized by potassium hydrate solution; vesicular
gloeocystidia and vesicular spaces up to 45 X 30 [i; chlamydo-
spores as seen singly on hyphal branches are up to 15 X 9 y.;
basidiospores white in spore collection, even, 6-7 X3[i, borne
4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On decaying wood of stump of Ulmus. New York. May.

P. admirabilis is well marked among our species which have
gloeocystidia by the presence of large imbedded spores.

1925]

. BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 305

Specimens examined :
New York: Oneonta, E. A. Burt.

80. P. versa ta Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, membranaceous, small pieces
separable when moistened, becoming pinkish buff in the her-
barium, not waxy, the margin thinning out, fibrillose; in section
150-300 [l thick, not colored, composed of suberect, interwoven
hyphae about 3 pi in diameter, with walls somewhat gelatinously
modified, and of gloeocystidia; gloeocystidia numerous, flexuous,
35-55 X 6-8 [l; cystidia not incrusted, tapering towards the
apex, 6 [i in diameter, protruding up to 40 p., scarcely or perhaps
not at all distinguishable from gloeocystidia; basidia with 4
sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 X 23^-3 \l.

Fructifications 2-5 mm. long, 5-15 mm. wide.

On slightly decayed red fir planks and cross-ties. Washington.
September and October.

The fructifications of P. versata stand out conspicuously against
the blackened timber upon which they occur. The resemblance
of the protruding cystidia to gloeocystidia and the possibility
that they have the function of gloeocystidia or may be gloeo-
cystidia functioning as cystidia should enable this species to be
readily distinguished from species containing cystidia and gloeo-
cystidia quite distinct from each other.

Specimens examined:
Washington: Chehalis, C. J. Humphrey, 6285; Edmonds, C. «/.

Humphrey, 7623, type.

81. P. albo-straminea Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 69. 1925.
Type: in Weir Herb.

Fructifications orbicular, finally confluent and broadly effused,
thin, very tender, small pieces separable when moistened, be-
coming between cartridge-buff and ivory-yellow in the herbarium,
somewhat cracked, even, the margin pruinate; in section 60-90 \k
thick, not colored, composed of somewhat loosely arranged
hyphae 3-5 [l in diameter, occasionally nodose-septate, and of
gloeocystidia; gloeocystidia flexuous to zigzag, 40-60 X 43^-6 y.,

[Vol. 12
306 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

usually starting from the substratum and wholly immersed,
sometimes protruding beyond the basidia; cystidia, if really
distinct from gloeocystidia, not incrusted, 4J^-8 y. in diameter,
protruding up to 30 y. beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even,
5-7V2 X 3-4 (x.

Fructifications 2-8 cm. long, lJ^-3 cm. wide.

On wood and bark of decaying Alnus tenuifolia and Quercus
californica. Idaho and California. October.

The gloeocystidia, sometimes of zigzag form, and cystidia,
which are possibly only protruding portions of gloeocystidia, are
marked characters of the type specimen which should afford
recognition of P. albo-straminea if these are constant specific
characters. However, the buff color, Alnus substratum, and
presence of gloeocystidia should suffice. In No. 17069 a foreign
mycelium of coarse hyphae is underneath the fructification
proper.

Specimens examined:
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 17069, type, and 16818 (both in

Weir Herb.).
California: Massack, Plumas National Forest, A. S. Rhoads, 17

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56986).

I

82. P. Taxodii Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, closely adnate, whitish to
pale olive-buff in the herbarium, the hymenium loose and rather
hypochnoid under a lens, the margin indeterminate, thinning
out; in section 45-60 \l thick, not colored, composed of erect,
branching hyphae 2-23^ [i in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-
septate, and of numerous cystidia, gloeocystidia, and crystalline
matter; cystidia not incrusted, thin- walled, tapering to a sharp
apex, 6-8 [x in diameter, protruding 20-40 y. beyond the basidia,
often starting from the substratum; gloeocystidia often not dis-
tinguishable from the cystidia except by granular, deeply staining
contents, protruding up to 20-40 [x beyond the basidia; spores
hyaline, even, 7-7J^ X 3-3J/2 ^.

Fructification 7 cm. long, lJ^-2 cm. wide.

On decorticated top limb of prostrate top of Taxodium dis-

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 307

tichum left in the swampy woods. Texas. September. Prob-
ably local.

P. Taxodii has thin grayish fructifications on the blackened,
weathered wood of a prostrate tree top left in lumbering opera-
tions. It is difficult to distinguish cystidia from gloeocystidia in
the sections unless the organs lacking contents which take the
stain are cystidia and the deep-staining and more numerous
bodies gloeocystidia, for both start from the substratum, protrude
beyond the hymenium, and taper to a sharp point.

Specimens examined :
Texas : Beaumont, C. J. Humphrey, 5947, type.

83. P. investiens Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Burt Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, thin, adnate, small
pieces separable when moistened, becoming cartridge-buff in the
herbarium, even, not cracked, not shining, the margin thinning
out, minutely tomentose; in section 180 (j. thick, not colored, with
a broad layer of densely interwoven hyphae 23^-3 \l in diameter,
thin- walled, not incrusted, not nodose-septate; gloeocystidia
flexuous, 25-40 X 4-5 y., immersed in the hymenium; cystidia
not incrusted, 9 pi in diameter, protruding up to 60 y. beyond
the basidia; basidia with 4 prominent sterigmata; spores hyaline,
even, 12-13 X 3-33^2 ^ — one spore seen is 15 X 6 y. but per-
haps does not belong.

Fructifications 8 cm. long, 1 cm. wide.

On decaying stem of palmetto. Bermuda. December.

The presence of the gloeocystidia in the hymenial layer and
not also in the interwoven hyphae near the trama, together with
the long spores and occurrence on palmetto, should enable the
recognition of P. investiens.

Specimens examined:
Bermuda: Stewardson Brown, N. L. Britton & F. J. Seaver, 1824,

type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63730, and Burt Herb.).

84. P. incarnata (Pers.) Karsten, Hedwigia 1889: 27. F.
1889; Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 424. 1889;

[Vol. 12
308 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 147. Jl. 1889; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 9: 241. 1891; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui.
28: 404. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 694. 1922.

Thelephora incarnata Persoon, Syn. Fung. 573. 1801; Myc.
Eur. 1 : 130. 1822 (Corticium) ; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 : 444. 1821 ;
Elenchus Fung. 1: 219. 1828. — Corticium incarnatum (Pers.)
Fries, Epicr. 564. 1838; Hym. Eur. 654. 1874; Berkeley,
Brit. Fung. 275. 1860; Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 2: 4. 1873;
Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 24: 80. 1872; Morgan, Cin-
cinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 201. 1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
625. 1888. — Kneiffia incarnata (Pers.) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 :
103. 1903. — Gloeopeniophora incarnata (Pers.) v. Hohnel &
Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116:816. 1907. —
Peniophora aemulans Karsten, Finska Vet-Soc. Bidrag Natur och
Folk 48: 425. 1889; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 239. 1891.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, drying pinkish cinnamon
to warm buff, cracking, the margin sometimes paler, thinning
out; in section 100-250 ;x thick, not colored, composed of hyaline,
thin-walled hyphae 2-3 y. in diameter, densely interwoven along
the substratum and then becoming suberect and extending be-
tween more or less numerous gloeocystidia and some cystidia;
gloeocystidia sometimes broadly ovoid, 30-45 X 10-15 \l, usu-
ally more cylindric and narrower, 30-60 X 6-10 [i; cystidia be-
coming incrusted, 30-45 X 6-10 \l, rarely protruding beyond
the basidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even,
cylindric, flattened on one side, 6-10 X 3-4 Yi V»

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, sometimes in
scattered, small, tubercular growths 2-5 mm. in diameter on
lenticels of small limbs.

On wood and bark of fallen limbs of frondose species usually.
Europe, Canada to Alabama, and westward to the Pacific states,
and in Japan. Throughout the year. Common.

P. incarnata is recognizable by its closely adnate, reddish
fructifications, spores 6-9 X 3-4 \l, and abundant gloeocystidia.
Sometimes one has to search several sections before finding an
incrusted cystidium. The spores run slightly smaller in most
American gatherings than in the fewer European specimens which
I have seen and are with us usually only about 6-8 X 3 [i.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 309

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Cooke, Fungi Brit., 7; Reliq. Farlowianae, 342;

Ravenel, Fungi Am., 140; Romell, Fungi Scand., 33.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 67, 100, 101, and in Romell,

Fungi Scand., 33.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen of P.

aemulans.
Austria: Tirol, V. Litschauer, four specimens.
Italy: locality not given, G. Bresadola, two specimens.
England: Knys Lynn, C. B. Plowright, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 7;

Yorkshire, E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57124).
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 5, 165 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 43987, 5010).
Ontario: Harraby, Lake Rosseau, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 791.
Maine: Piscataquis County, W. A. Murrill, 1861 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61591);

Orono, P. L. Richer, 621.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, c89 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43974), and in Reliq. Farlowianae, 342.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, six gatherings; Rip ton, E. A.

Burt, two gatherings.
Massachusetts: W. G. Farlow, 4; Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, 5,

two unnumbered specimens, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55220, 55446, 55600).
New York: Albany, H. D. House, six gatherings (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57412, 57457, 57519, 59684, 59700, 63448);

Alcove, C. L. Shear, 246; Fulton, A. E. Fivaz, comm. by A. H.

W. Povah, 136 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58158); Ithaca,

G. F. Atkinson, 3034, C. J. Humphrey, C. 0. Smith, comm. by

G. F. Atkinson, 8225, Van Hook, comm. by G. F. Atkinson,

8066, H. H. Whetzel, Plant Path. Herb., 12228 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 60599); Orient, R. Latham, 1U (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44230) ; Orient Point, R. Latham, comm. by N. Y.

State Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55815, 55922);

Syracuse, L. M. Underwood, 2, 89 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61567, 61598); Vaughns, S. H.

Burnham, 14 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54500).
Pennsylvania: Center Hall, E. West, comm. by L. O. Overholts,

[Vol. 12
310 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

3661 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54702); State College, L. 0.

Overholts, 4807 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56340) ; Trexlertown,

W. Herbst, 23, and comm. by Lloyd Herb., 3611.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1837.
District of Columbia: Washington, C. L. Shear, 1257, 1267.
West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 111 %.
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

140.
Florida: Royal Palm Hammock, W. A. Murrill, 123, 136, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62098,

62099).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, 2299 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61416); Montgomery County,

R. P. Burke, 19, 275, 630, 664, 666, 679, 699 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 16700, 57158, 63099, 63076, 63101, 63097, 63103).
Kentucky: C. G. Lloyd, 1878.

Ohio: College Hill, Aiken, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 2327.
Wisconsin: Madison, W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44314) ; Palmyra, A. O. Stucki, 39.
Iowa: Woodbine, C. J. Humphrey & C. W. Edgerton, comm. by

C. J. Humphrey, 6566 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20691).
Missouri: Bismarck, L. O. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63454); Perryville, L. 0. Overholts, 2687 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44287).
Kansas: Phillips County, E. Bartholomew; Rooks County, E.

Bartholomew, 2046 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4842, 44313).
Colorado: Mancos, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

2551 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9783).
New Mexico: Tyom Experiment Station, W. H. Long, 21564 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55142).
Alaska: Farragut Bay, W. Trelease, 582 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

4852).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 715, 745, 760, 765, 881,

882,904.
Japan: Prov. Bungo, A. Yasuda, 119, 123 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 59470, 59474).

85. P. aurantiaca Bresadola in Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc.
Fr. Bui. 28: 402. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 694. 1922.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 311

Corticium aurantiacum Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 37. pi. 144,
f. 2. 1892; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 126. 1895.— Kneiffia auran-
tiaca Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 103. 1903. — Gloeopeniophora
aurantiaca (Bres.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien
Sitzungsber. 117: 1094. 1908.

Type: probably in Bresadola Herb.; authentic specimen in
Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, beginning as small, convex outgrowths
at lenticels of the bark, spreading so as to form circular patches
which become confluent, adnate, bright orange-pink to orange-
chrome, fading in the herbarium to light pinkish cinnamon and
light buff, the margin white at first, radiating; in section not
colored, 150-250 fx thick, with the hyphae densely and longi-
tudinally arranged in a rather broad layer next to the substratum
except at the points of emergence from the lenticels, hyaline,
thin-walled, 3-4 [x in diameter; gloeocystidia 30-60 X 6-9 (x,
abundant in the convex portions; cystidia rough- walled, pointed,
up to 45 X 8 (x, sometimes protruding 30 jx beyond the basidia,
more often wholly immersed and 30 X 4-5 [*,; basidia large,
60 X 10-12 [l, often protruding beyond the immature basidia
when fruiting and bearing 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even,
12-16 X 6-12 (x.

Fructifications 1-5 mm. in diameter at first, then laterally
confluent over areas 1-10 cm. long, 3^-2 cm. broad.

On dead Alnus of various species. Labrador to North Caro-
lina, westward to northern United States and Canada to British
Columbia and Oregon, and in Europe. August to November.
Common.

P. aurantiaca is easily recognized by its occurrence on dead
twigs of alder, in bright incarnate or orange-red fructifications
with large spores up to 15 X 10 (x. These spores are usually
borne copiously and show well in crushed preparations. To
demonstrate the gloeocystidia and cystidia it is necessary to
examine sections cut through the convex or papilliform points of
origin of the fructifications. Sometimes examination of many
sections is necessary for demonstration of the cystidia. Failure
to cut the sections from places above stated led me to refer
gatherings of this species to Corticium laetum for some of my cor-

[Vol. 12
312 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

respondents. C. laetum may occur on Alnus and has color and
spores like P. aurantiaca.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 112, under the name Cor-

tiaium incarnatum; Linhart, Fungi Hung., 438, under the name

Peniophora incarnata.
Sweden: L. Romell, 62.
Austria: Tirol, V. Litschauer, three specimens, E. Rehm, in Myc.

Univ., 112.
Hungary: Petrozs&ry, G. Linhart, in Linhart, Fungi Hung., 438.
Italy: Trient Alps, G. Bresadola, authentic specimen.
England: Lyndhurst, Hamp., E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57127).
Labrador: The Strait, A. C. Waghorne, 5 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43986).
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 341 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5012).
New Brunswick: Campobello, W. G. Farlow, 1.
Canada: J. Macoun, 17, 116; Carleton's Place, J. Macoun, 158;

Ottawa, J. Macoun, 25.
Maine: Costigan, W. A. Murrill, 1766 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61407) ; Kittery Point, R.

Thaxter & E. A. Burt; Portage, L. W. Riddle, 13; Westbrook,

P. L. Richer, 977.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, c6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44124) ; Hanover, G. R. Lyman, 24 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61587).
Massachusetts: Weston, A. B. Seymour, T34 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 15759).
New York: Child wold, G. F. Atkinson & B. M. Duggar, Cornell

Univ. Bot. Dept. 5056; Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 28 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54491); Earner, H. D. House, 14-164

and another specimen, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44713, 54372).
Pennsylvania: Bear Meadows, L. 0. Overholts, 2677 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 20277).
North Carolina: Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 4705 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57425).

925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 313

Michigan: Gogebic County, E. A. Bessey, 184 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56581); Vermilion, A. H. W. Povah (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 18274).

Montana: Evaro, J. R. Weir, 410 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
21617); Missoula, J. R. Weir, 349, 4^5 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 6105, 14765).

Idaho: Addie, /. R. Weir, 12005 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
63321).

Manitoba: Norway House, G. R. Bisby, 1460 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 61642).

British Columbia: J. Macoun, 752, comm. by J. Dearness (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 12027); Agassiz, J. R. Weir, 359 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16760); Salmo, J. R. Weir, 515 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14170); Sidney, J. Macoun, 1, 72, 752
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5755, 55339, 55318).

Washington: Kalama, C. J. Humphrey, 6134; Olympia, C. J.
Humphrey, 6304; Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 141, and an un-
numbered specimen, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55731, 55733).

Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 1906 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56882).

86. P. pubera (Fr.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 646. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 149. 1889; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 28 : 400. 1913 ; Rea, Brit. Basid. 693. 1922.

Thelephora pubera Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 215. 1828. — Cor-
ticium puberum Fries, Epicr. 562. 1838; Hym. Eur. 652. 1874;
Patouillard, Tab. Anal. Fung. 1: 66. /. 152. 1883; Bresadola,
Fungi Trid. 2: 38. pi. 145. f. 1. 1892.— P. pubera forma villosa
Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti 3: 113. 1897. — Kneiffia
pubera (Fr.) var. villosa Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 101. 1903.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, white, becoming dirty
whitish to light buff and pinkish buff in the herbarium, and widely
cracked, the hymenium even, setulose with the large cystidia,
the margin indeterminate, thinning out; in section 45-400 \l
thick, not colored, composed of rather crowded, erect hyphae
2-4 [l in diameter, thin- walled, not incrusted, and of gloeocystidia
and incrusted cystidia; gloeocystidia flexuous, 30-60 X 4J^-9 \l;

[Vol. 12
314 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

cystidia incrusted, conical, pointed, fusiform, 50-90 X 8-20 y.,
wholly immersed or protruding up to 50 y.; spores hyaline, even,
depressed on one side.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On decaying wood, logs and limbs of frondose species, rarely on
conifers. In Europe and from Canada to Louisiana and west-
ward to British Columbia and Oregon. May to January. Com-
mon.

P. pubera is characterized by having gloeocystidia, large, con-
ical, heavily incrusted cystidia, and spores usually 7-9 X 33^-4 y..
The gloeocystidia show well in my permanent mounts in glyc-
erine, after the sections have been stained with eosin and stood
for a few hours in glycerine. I did not find an authentic specimen
of P. pubera in Kew or Fries Herbaria but specimens received
under this name from Bresadola, Litschauer, Romell, and Miss
Wakefield have gloeocystidia in every specimen and other char-
acters as stated and show agreement in the European concept
of this species. Specimens with the other characters of P. pubera
but lacking gloeocystidia should be compared with P. guttulifera.
In North America, P. pubera forms thinner fructifications than
in Europe and is sometimes paler, drying rarely whitish or with
a slight yellowish tint.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Goteborg, L. Romell, 174-
Germany: Westphalia, Lengerich, W. Brinkmann, authentic

specimen of P. pubera Fr. f. villosa from Bresadola.
Austria: Tirol, Innsbruck, V. Litschauer, two specimens; Stubai,

V. Litschauer.
Italy : Trient, G. Bresadola.
Great Britain : S. Wales, Swansea, E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57123).
Canada: Quebec, Hull, J. Macoun, 888.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 6, 6b, 27, and 29 (in

Burt Herb.), and an unnumbered specimen and 152 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 7843, 55244).
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow, two specimens.
Rhode Island: Woonsocket, W. H. Snell, 7M, 8M (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56805, 56806).

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 315

New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 8227, 14363, and C. Thorn,

comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 14372; Karner, H. D. House, 14.165

in part (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44715).
New Jersey : Newfield, /. B. Ellis, three specimens (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61401, 61443, 63467).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1129, 1158.
District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 964-
Virginia: Crabbottom, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
Florida: W. W. Calkins, 860 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 61455).
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 207, 208, 277, 347,

375, 376, 377, 424, 460, 468, 658, 662, 806, 807 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57080, 57081, 57159, 57218,57245,57244, 57243, 57261,

57282, 57287, 63085, 63087, 63109, and 63110 respectively).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 2685, cl.
Kentucky: Harlan, C. H. Kaufman, 66 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

16346).
Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, Miss A. C. Stucki, 38; Madison, C. J.

Humphrey, 2488 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11277).
Missouri: Creve Coeur Lake, L. O. Overholts, 3166, 661 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5708, 5710).
Montana: Anaconda, Mt. Hagan, /. R. Weir, 11253 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63256).
Idaho: Coolin, /. R. Weir, 11505, 11516 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63286, 63289).
Manitoba: Winnipeg, G. R. Bisby, 1345 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 60555).
British Columbia: Cormac, J". Macoun, 658 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55328); Sidney, J. Macoun, 788 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55329); Vancouver Island, Oak Bay, J. Macoun, 600

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55327); Victoria, J. Macoun, 564

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55326).
Washington: Chehalis, C. J. Humphrey, 6277.
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 1851, 1855, 1904 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56863, 56864, 56880).

87. P. pertenuis (Karsten) Burt, n. comb.

Corticium pertenue Karsten, Hedwigia 29: 270. 1890; Finska

[Vol. 12
316 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 51: 226. 1892; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 9: 234. 1891; v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1556. 1906 — (In part) Gloeocystidium
praetermissum (Karst.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1565. 1906. — An Peniophora praeter-
missa Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48:
423. 1889?

Type: probably in Karsten Herb, and fragment in Burt Herb.

Fructifications long-effused, closely adnate, not separable
when moist, very thin, waxy, even, white or whitish, drying pale
pinkish buff to cream color, the margin thinning out; in section
60-150 [l thick, not colored, with the hyphae 3-4 \i in diameter,
erect, branching, not incrusted, bearing the compact hymenium;
gloeocystidia numerous, variable in form, often tapering, 20-60
X 6-8 [x; cystidia hair-like, not incrusted, 4-5 y. in diameter,
protruding up to 20 \l beyond the basidia, few and scattered;
spores copious, hyaline, even, curved, 7-10 x 4-5 \l.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On decaying coniferous wood, In Europe, in Canada to District
of Columbia, and in Oregon, Jamaica and Bermuda. July to
November. Rare in North America.

The principal characteristics of P. pertenuis aiding in its recog-
nition are occurrence in thin, whitish, waxy fructifications on
old decaying coniferous wood, presence of gloeocystidia, and hair-
like non-incrusted cystidia which are not destroyed in any degree
by the treatment of the sections with potassium hydrate solution,
and the curved spores. P. tenuis differs in having its cystidia
incrusted at the tip. I have not seen an authentic specimen of
P. praetermissa but the specimen sent to me under this name by
Bresadola and one of the two specimens from Litschauer have
their cystidia almost completely disintegrated by the potassium
hydrate treatment in clearing and swelling the tissues of sections,
as occurs also in P. glebulosa. Hence, I think that P. praeter-
missa may eventually be regarded by European mycologists
as specifically distinct from P. pertenuis.

Specimens examined:
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, portion of type, comm. by

Bresadola, also authentic specimen on Picea from Karsten.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 317

Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 116, 138, 162, 163, 164, 183, 191,

193, 203, 212, 215.
Austria: Natters, Tirol, V. Litschauer, under the name Gloeo-

cystidium praetermissum.
Canada: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 42, 313; St. Lawrence Valley, J.

Macoun, 41-
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 5.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).
District of Columbia: Washington, C. J. Humphrey, 2525 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20383).
Montana: Trego, /. R. Weir, 11969 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63227).
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11512 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63287); Priest River, J. R. Weir, 139 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63468).
Oregon: Portland, C. J. Humphrey, 6127.
Washington: Falcon Valley, W. N. Suksdorf, 724.
Bermuda: Paget Marsh, on Sabal, H. H. Whetzel, Ao, Abd (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58719, 58906).
Jamaica: Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill & W. Harris, 1053, in

part, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

88. P. tenuis (Pat.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 149.
1889.

Corticium tenue Patouillard, Rev. Myc. 7: 152. 1885; Tab.
Anal. Fung. 1: 203. /. 462. 1886; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 632.
1889— Kneiffia tenuis (Pat.) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 105. 1903.
— Gloeocystidium tenue (Pat.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, Wiesner
Festschr. Wien, 70. 1908; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 28:364. 1913.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, thin, white, drying
whitish to pale pinkish buff, somewhat pruinose, the margin
thinning out; in section 60-180 [l thick, not colored, with the
hyphae erect, branching, 3-4 [l in diameter, thin-walled, not
incrusted; gloeocystidia 20-60 x 6-8 (x, flexuous; cystidia hair-
like, cylindric, 4-6 p. in diameter, protruding 20-45 (x beyond
the basidia, incrusted about the tip; spores hyaline, even, curved,
8-10 x 4-43^ {x.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

[Vol. 12
318 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On decaying wood and bark of frondose species more usually.
Europe and Massachusetts. July to December. Rare.

P. tenuis is doubtfully distinct from P. pertenuis, having the
same aspect and microscopical characters except that some of
the cystidia have incrusting granules at the tips, as shown in
the figures by Patouillard cited above.

Specimens examined:
Germany: Westphalia, Lengerich, W. Brinkmann, comm. by

Bresadola.
Austria: Tirol, V. Litschauer.
France: Allier, St. Priest, H. Bourdot, 6530; Aveyron, A. Galzin,

11689, comm. by H. Bourdot, 18554.
Massachusetts: Brookline, Hammond's Pond, G. R. Lyman, 188.

89. P. serialis (Bres.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 777. 1907.

Kneiffia serialis Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 : 101. 1903 (in part);
Sydow, Myc. Germ., 1. 1903. — Not Xerocarpus Cacao Karsten,
Hedwigia 29: 271. 1890. — An Corticium seriate Fries, Epicr.
563. 1838? — Corticium seriate (Bres.) Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 253. 1911 (Forme 2).

Type: type distribution in Sydow, Myc. Germ., 1.

Fructifications long and widely effused, thin, closely adnate,
very variable in color, smoke-gray and pale olive-buff to wood-
brown in the herbarium, even, sometimes cracked; the margin
thinning out, indeterminate; in section 60-180 \l thick, not colored,
composed of densely arranged, erect hyphae about 3 y. in di-
ameter, with the outer portion of the wall gelatinously modified
and indistinct, and of some scattered, yellowish or brownish,
somewhat spherical masses 9-12 y. in diameter, immersed near
the substratum; gloeocystidia in the unusual form of irregular,
immersed spherical masses 9-12 p. in diameter; cystidia not in-
crusted, tapering to a sharp apex, 3-5 \l in diameter, protruding
up to 30 ja; spores hyaline, even, curved, 4-6 x 1-2 p..

Fructifications 3-12 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide.

On decaying wood of logs of Pinus, Abies, Tsuga, and Thuja.
Europe, New York, and Washington. August to May.

P. serialis resembles in aspect P. Cacao and Corticium lividum;

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA XIV 319

from the latter, the more common species, it is distinguished by-
its cystidia and from both by the immersed, spherical, colored
masses near the substratum, such as were described and figured
for another species with larger spores as gloeocystidia by von
Hohnel & Litschauer in K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116:
838. 1907.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Sydow, Myc. Germ., 1.
Sweden: Femsjo, E. A. Burt, two gatherings.
Germany: Brandenburg, P. Sydow, type distribution, in Sydow,

Myc. Germ., 1, and comm. by Bresadola.
New York: Floodwood, C. H. Peck, 8.
Washington: Sedro Woolley, C. J. Humphrey, 7538.

90. P. typhicola Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, adnate, somewhat membrana-
ceous, tender, between whitish and pale olive-buff in the her-
barium, even, not shining, not cracked, the margin thinning out,
indeterminate ; in section 60-75 y. thick, not colored near the sub-
stratum, composed of suberect, densely interwoven, thin-walled
hyphae 2-3 \i in diameter, indistinct, and of incrusted cystidia
and a few gloeocystidia; gloeocystidia flexuous, 25-30 x 4-6 n,
few present; cystidia incrusted, 40 x 15 \l, immersed, starting
from the substratum; paraphyses with filiform tips about J^-l n
in diameter, with 1 or 2 lateral branches but not antler-shaped,
in surface of hymenium; spores hyaline, even, 8-12 x 33^-4 \l,
two to a basidium.

Fructifications 2-10 mm. in diameter.

On dead Typha latifolia. New York.

This specimen was at first doubtfully referred to P. phyllophila
which it resembles in aspect and somewhat in structure, but it is
thicker, more dense, has gloeocystidia, and does not have con-
spicuous antler-shaped paraphyses. Reference to Epithele Ty-
phae, which I have been unable to find in our North American
species, is precluded by the absence of hyphal fascicles.

Specimens examined:
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 261, type.

[Vol. 12
320 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

91. P. filamentosa (Berk. & Curtis) Burt in Coker, Elisha
Mitchell Scientif. Soc. Jour. 36: 162. pi 32, /. 5, 6. 1921.

Corticium filamentosum Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 178.
1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 619. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 154. 1890. — (In part) Corticium Petersii Berkeley &
Curtis, Grevillea 1: 177. 1873. — Peniophora unicolor Peck,
N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 43: 66. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9:
239. 1891. — An Corticium radicatum P. Hennings, Pilze Ostaf-
rikas, 54. 1895; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 222. 1899? See v.
Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 117:
1093. 1908.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, membranaceous, loosely ad-
nate, separable when moistened, soft, drying Isabella color to
buffy citrine, the margin and subiculum concolorous with, or a
little paler than, the hymenium, often extended into, or con-
nected with, branching mycelial strands or cords; in section
150-400 [x thick, colored, with the hyphae loosely interwoven,
thin- walled, 3-4 ;x in diameter, densely incrusted with ochraceous
granules which are not soluble in lactic acid preparations, but
dissolve quickly when sections are treated with potassium hydrate
solution and leave the sections bleached, after first becoming
vinaceous; cystidia incrusted, 40-50 x 6-8 (x, protruding up to
40 (i, confined to the hymenial layer; spores white in spore col-
lection, even, 3-5 x 2-3 n.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad; sometimes much
larger on logs by confluence longitudinally.

On decaying wood and logs and fallen limbs of frondose species.
Germany, Canada to Alabama, and westward to Arizona, in
Mexico, the West Indies, and Japan. July to January. Com-
mon.

Although colored like a Coniophora, P. filamentosa is easily
recognized by its marginal mycelial strands, small and white
spores, and hyphae incrusted with ochraceous granules which are
soluble in the 7 per cent solution of potassium hydrate with
which sections are usually treated. Since the original description
of Corticium Petersii combines the characters of both Peniophora
sanguinea and P. filamentosa, and one of the types is of one species

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 321

and the other of the other, C. Petersii has been reduced to syn-
onymy and C. filamentosum of the same authors adopted for the

present species.

Specimens examined:

Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5: 28, the type distribution of
Corticium Petersii.

Germany: Hannover, Engelke (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43481,
under the name Peniophora radicata).

Canada: J. Macoun, 298; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun,
6, 28, 38.

New Hampshire: Franconia, W. G. Farlow, 26.

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two gatherings.

New York: Albany, L. 0. Overholts, 3889 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 10179); Altamont, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus.
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55211); Bolton, C. H. Peck,
15; Bolton Landing, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55975, 56021); Cazenovia, L. M.
Underwood, Ifi (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 61405); East Berne, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56016); East Galway,
E. A. Burt, two gatherings; East Schagticoke, C. H. Peck (in
N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56022);
North Elba, C. H. Kaufman, 9 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
16769); North Greenbush, H. D. House, U.235 (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14840, 44734) ; Hudson
Falls, S. H. Burnham, 23 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54487);
Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 7892; Staten Island, W. H. Ballou (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10276); Syracuse, L. M. Underwood,
type of Peniophora unicolor (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.).

New Jersey: */. B. Ellis, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44645); Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 1518, comm. by
W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14645); Orange,
L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 61576).

Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1097.

North Carolina: Chapel Hill, J. N. Couch, Univ. N. C. Herb.,
4607 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57423).

Alabama: Peters, type (in Kew Herb., and Curtis Herb., 6119),

[Vol. 12
322 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

and in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5: 28; Montgomery County, R. P.

Burke, 425, 660 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57270, 63086).
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd (in Lloyd Herb., 10113, and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 65627).
Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3883; Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 4504.
Michigan: New Richmond, C. H. Kaufman, 49 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 3734).
Illinois: Riverside, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 852.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 447.
Arizona: Fort Valley Experiment Station, W. H. Long, 21121 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55138).
Mexico: Jalapa, W.A.&E.L. Murrill, 178, 327, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44969, 54496).
Cuba: C. G. Lloyd, 420 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55173) ; Omaja,

C. J. Humphrey, 2782 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14850).
Jamaica: Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill & W. Harris, 911, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Japan: Prov. Bunga, A. Yasuda, 113 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

59463).

92. P. viticola (Schw.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 779. textf. 4- 1907.

Thelephora viticola Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leipzig
Schrift. 1 : 107. 1822; Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 168. 1832;
Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 205. 1828. — Corticium viticola Fries,
Epicr. 561. 1838; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 617. 1888; Massee,
Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 146. 1890; Coker, Elisha Mitchell
Scientif. Soc. Jour. 36: 172. pi. 33, f. 6. 1921. — Corticium croci-
creas Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 178. 1873; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 616. 1888. Not C. crocicreas Massee nor v. Hohnel &
Litschauer. — Corticium subaurantiacum Peck, N. Y. State Mus.
Rept. 43: 67. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 230. 1891.

Type: in Schweinitz Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, adnate, soft, small portions separ-
able when moistened, the tomentose subiculum and margin
ochraceous orange, the hymenium even, grayish to buff-yellow
and pruinose; in section 150-400 y. thick, with the denser and
broader subhymenial region ochraceous orange and the more

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 323

loosely interwoven region next to the substratum yellow, the
loosely interwoven hyphae thin- walled, 2-4 y. in diameter, not
nodose-septate, incrusted with colored granules which give the
color to the fructification, and are destroyed and dissolved by the
action of potassium hydrate solution leaving the sections bleached ;
no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted, thin- walled, cylindric,
6-9 (j. in diameter, protruding 25-40 [l beyond the basidia; basidia
with 4 sterigmata; spores white in collection on slide, even,
7-8 X 4-5 pu

Fructifications 1-2 cm. in diameter, becoming confluent over
areas 3-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of decaying Vitis, Abies, Acer, and Fagus.
Vermont to North Carolina, Kentucky, and Arkansas. July to
October. Abundant locally.

P. viticola is conspicuous by the large, brilliant orange fruc-
tifications with paler, pruinose fertile hymenium which occur on
rotting large stems of the wild grape and on logs in deep mountain
forests. The bleaching of the sections through destruction and
solution of the incrusting pigment granules is common also to
P. filamentosa, from which P. viticola differs in more orange color
and larger spores.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 34.
Vermont: Bread Loaf, E. A. Burt; Little Notch, E. A. Burt;

Middlebury, E. A. Burt, determination as Corticium sub-

aurantiacum confirmed by Peck.
New York: Ampersand, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

T 20, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54638); Clear Water, G. F.

Atkinson, 5043 (in Cornell Univ. Herb.); Floodwood, E. A.

Burt; Lake Placid, W. A, & E. L. Murrill, 104 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57344); Long Lake,

A. H. W. Povah, 13 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9084); Marcy

Trail, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 19, and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54637); North Elba, C. H. Kaufman, 3 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6686) ; Ray Brook, C. H. Peck (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., T 21, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54639);

Undercliff, comm. by Univ. Wis. Herb., 45.
North Carolina: Salem, Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz).

[Vol. 12
324 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Alabama : Peters, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 34, and as Cortitium
crocicreas Berk. & Curtis, type (in Kew Herb, and in Curtis
Herb., 4542).

Kentucky: Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd, 1601, 2661, and another
specimen comm. by Ellis Herb.

Arkansas: Fordyce, C. J. Humphrey, 5799.

93. P. sulphurina (Karst.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad.
Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1573. 1906.

Tomentella sulphurina Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur och Folk 48 : 420. 1889. — Hypochnus sulphurinus (Karst.)
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 243. 1891.

Type : authentic specimen — perhaps part of type — in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, the hymenium drying clay
color, thin, brittle, even, here and there cracked and showing the
mustard-yellow subiculum, the margin fibrillose-byssoid, mus-
tard-yellow; in section 150-400 (x thick, pale yellow, with the
hyphae loosely arranged, thin-walled, 4-6 \i in diameter, oc-
casionally nodose-septate, some hyphae granule-incrusted; cys-
tidia hair-like, not incrusted, 3-6 y. in diameter, protruding up to
30 (x, not numerous; spores hyaline, even, 3-4 X 2-2 */£ \i.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad.

On coniferous bark usually. In Finland, from New Hampshire
to Alabama and westward to British Columbia and Oregon.
August to November. Rare.

The American gatherings referred to P. sulphurina are a little
paler than the European and the sections lose most of their color
when floated on alcohol in sectioning so as to become not dis-
tinctly colored in section. In other respects our specimens agree
so well with the authentic specimen that I believe they should be
included in this species. Potassium hydrate solution does not
change the color of the sections to vinaceous and bleach them as it
does sections of P. filamentosa.

Specimens examined:
Finland: Jalasjarvi, authentic specimen from P. A. Karsten.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 7872).
New York: Fall Creek, G. F. Atkinson, 7993; Ithaca, E. J. Petey,

comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 471; Rainbow, C. H. Peck (in

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 325

N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 32, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54656) ; Yates, C. H. Peck, 33.
Pennsylvania: Delaware Water Gap, W. A. Murrill, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61469).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 7764, 14290, 14770).
District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1348.
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 145 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 10359).
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 3120.
South Dakota: Sylvan Lake, Custer, J. R. Weir, 10011 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55792).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 30.
British Columbia: Squamish, J. Macoun, 497, 534 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55182, 55181).
Oregon: Eugene, C. J. Humphrey, 1051.

94. P. carnosa Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and N. Y. State
Mus. Herb.

Fructifications long and broadly effused, thick, fleshy-mem-
branaceous, adnate, barium-yellow to honey-yellow, of the same
color within where cracked, the margin determinate, thinning
out, somewhat radiate-fibrillose; in section 400-700 \l thick,
colored like the hymenium in thick sections but very thin sec-
tions hyaline, somewhat zoned, composed of a very broad hyphal
layer bearing a hymenial layer 50-60 y. thick, the hyphae hyaline,
5-6 (x in diameter; no gloeocystidia ; cystidia hair-like, not in-
crusted, tapering to a sharp tip, 4 [x in diameter at the base,
protruding up to 30 [l beyond the basidia, very numerous in the
hymenial surface; basidia 4-spored; spores white in spore col-
lection, even, 4-5 X 2-2J^ y..

Fructifications 3-12 cm. long, lJ^-6 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of coniferous logs such as Pinus, Abies,
Picea, Pseudotsuga, Juniperus, and Larix, rarely on frondose
species. In mountains of New England, New York, Minnesota,
and British Columbia and Montana to New Mexico. May to
October. Common in the Rocky Mountain forests.

O 4

[Vol. 12
326 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

P. carnosa may be recognized at sight by its large, thick,

yellow fructifications occurring on coniferous logs in forests of

the White Mountains, Adirondacks, and the Rocky Mountains.

The abundant cystidia are too small to be visible with a lens,

hence it is necessary to examine sections with a microscope to

recognize the species as a Peniophora rather than a Corticium.

It does not have the mustard-yellow subiculum of P. sulphurina

nor does its hymenial layer flake away from the substratum as in

the latter.

Specimens examined:

Maine: Piscataquis County, W. A. Murrill, 2311 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61596).

New Hampshire: Chocorua, E. A. Burt; Intervale, L. 0. Over-
holts, 5039 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56351); North Conway,
L. 0. Overholts, 4732 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56117).

New York: Hague, C. H. Peck, type (in Burt Herb., N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56019); North Elba,
C. H. Kaufman, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21307).

Minnesota: Cass Lake, J. R. Weir, 392 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
12436).

Montana: Fortine, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12013 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63323); Missoula, /. R. Weir, 383 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20892).

Idaho: Meadow Creek, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir,
11669, 11671 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63308, 63310); Priest
River, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11738 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 63311), /. R. Weir, 355, 9100 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 10883, 55955), and 26, 32, 51, 57, 62, 69.

British Columbia: Kootenai Mts. near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 450,
458, 464, 467, 468, 469, 479, 523, 530 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
8767, 9121, 12613, 12287, 8766, 12534, 12907, 20976, and 16078
respectively).

Washington: Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6291.

New Mexico: Cienega Canyon, W.H.Long, 21470, 21515, 21561
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55148, 55149, 55150); Sulphur
Canyon, W. H. Long, 21411 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55147);
Tyom Experiment Station, W. H. Long, 21935 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55151).

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 327

95. P. citrinella (B. & C.) Burt, n. comb.

Corticium citrinellum Berkeley & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 336. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 616. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 147. 1890.

Type: in Curtis Herb, and probably in Kew Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, tender, small pieces separable
when moistened, barium-yellow, cracked and showing a byssoid,
barium-yellow subiculum, the margin thinning out, sometimes
with barium-yellow mycelial strands; in section 120-300 y. thick,
barely barium-yellow when but slightly magnified but not per-
ceptibly colored under high magnification and wholly bleached
by treatment with potassium hydrate solution, 2-layered, with
the broader layer next to the substratum and composed of loosely
interwoven hyphae 2J^-3 y. in diameter under the incrustation
of scattered, coarse granules, not nodose-septate, and with the
hymenial layer 90 (x thick, compact; no gloeocystidia; wholly
immersed cystidia few, incrusted, 15 x9[a; protruding cystidia
hair-like, short, 3-4 J^ ^ m diameter, protruding up to 12 [l;
spores hyaline, even, 3-4 X 2-3 \l.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, J^-l cm. wide.

On bark of logwood limb on the ground. West Indies. October
to March.

P. citrinella belongs in the group of species with P. sulphurina,
P. limonia, P. Burtii, and P. subiculosa, and appears distinct from
each of these when specimens are compared with one another.
It has priority over all the others as a species. Its distinguishing
combination of characters is barium-yellow color, cracked hy-
menium showing subiculum of the same color, color bleached by
treatment with potassium hydrate solution, short cystidia, and
occurrence on frondose bark.

Specimens examined:
Cuba: C. Wright, 844, type (in Curtis Herb.); Pinar del Rio

Province, Earle & Murrill, 381, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.; Santa Clara Province, Earle & Murrill, 4®?, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: Hope Gardens, P. S. Earle, 164, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.

[Vol. 12
328 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

96. P. Sacchari Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, adnate, thin, somewhat
membranaceous, noted as yellow when growing but now clay
color in the herbarium, even, cracking into polygonal masses
about Yi mm. in diameter which may curl away from the sub-
stratum more or less and show the exposed tissue colored like
the hymenium, the margin thinning out, of finely interwoven
hyphae; in section 75-110 (jl thick, with the thin sections not
colored appreciably, composed of densely arranged, suberect
hyphae about 3 \i in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate;
no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted, tapering towards the
apex, 5-6 y. in diameter, protruding up to 30 ^; spores hyaline,
even, 3^-4 X 23^-3 ja.

Fructifications 8 cm. long, 10-13 mm. wide.

On cane trash of Saccharum officinarum. Porto Rico. January.

P. Sacchari was listed by Johnston & Stevenson, Dept. of
Agr. Porto Rico Jour. 1 : 227. 1917, as Peniophora sp. It has
not been received from other sources and is apparently a species
local to Porto Rico or with a preference for a sugar-cane sub-
stratum. It should be conspicuous by its yellow color. P.
citrinella is thicker and has incrusted cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 1204, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 11787).

97. P. medioburiensis Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, felty, small pieces separable when
moistened, becoming in the herbarium between light grayish
olive and deep olive-buff, the margin thinning out and some-
times paler; in section 200-300 \i thick, colored like the surface,
somewhat zonate, composed of suberect, thin-walled, even-
walled hyphae 3 y. in diameter and of incrusted hyphae 5 y. in
diameter over the incrustation; no gloeocystidia; cystidia usually
not incrusted, sometimes granule-incrusted, cylindric, obtuse,
6-8 [a in diameter, protruding up to 30 (x beyond the basidia;
basidia with 4 large sterigmata up to 6 y. long; spores white in
spore collection, cylindric, 8-14 X 4^-6 [k.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 329

Fructifications 5 mm.-3 cm. long, 5 mm.-13^ cm. wide.

On wood and bark of fallen, rotten limbs of Carya. Middle-
bury, Vermont. July. Seen but once.

This species is of felty or fibrillose structure like some species
of Hypochnus, not at all waxy, and of dull, olivaceous color so as
to be very inconspicuous on the fallen decaying limbs on which
found. So few species of Peniophora have spores up to 14 p. long
that the spore dimensions should prove in this instance an im-
portant character for recognition of P. medioburiensis.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Battell Ledge, Middlebury, E. A. Burt, type.

98. P. subsulphurea (Karst.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K.
Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1580, 1592. 1906; Bourdot
& Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 388. 1913.

Corticium subsulphureum Karsten, Soc. pro Fauna et Fl. Fen-
nica Meddel. 6: 12. 1881; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 632. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 148. 1890. — Xerocarpus
subsulphureus Karsten, Finska Vet. -Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk
37: 138. 1882; 48: 417. 1889. See v. Hohnel & Litschauer,
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 117: 1093. 1908.— Corticium
subincarnatum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 42: 122. 1889;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 232. 1891.

Type: authentic specimen in Burt Herb., and specimen cited
by Karsten in Roumeguere, Fungi Gall., 4307.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, adnate, at first citron-
yellow, soon cinnamon-buff, even, pulverulent, the margin
thinning out, citron-yellow; in section 150-400 (x thick, with the
hymenial layer and that next to the substratum usually slightly
colored, the hyphae suberect and branching or loosely interwoven,
thin-walled, hyaline, 3-4 \l in diameter, nodose-septate, not in-
crusted except perhaps with a few minute grains in the sub-
hymenium; hymenium becoming 2-layered; cystidia hair-like,
thin-walled, even or with a few incrusting granules, 4-5 y. in
diameter, protruding up to 40 ja; spores white in spore-collection,
4-53^ X 2-2y2 {x.

Fructifications 4-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad.

On decaying decorticated wood of Pinus and Abies in mountain

[Vol. 12
330 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

forests. Europe and northern United States and Canada west-
ward to Idaho and Manitoba. July to October. Uncommon.
This species may be recognized by its cinnamon-buff, yellow-
margined, closely adnate fructifications which occur, so far as
known at present, only on bare wood of spruce and pine. I
cannot understand how von Hohnel & Litschauer, loc. cit., could
have regarded P. subsulphurea as perhaps not specifically distinct
from the Hannover specimens of P. radicata (P. filamentosa)
which have their hyphae heavily incrusted with a yellow matter
soluble in potassium hydrate solution, and much larger, more
incrusted cystidia, and fructifications only loosely adnate when
present on decorticated wood and margined with conspicuous
mycelial strands.

Specimens examined:
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen of Xero-

carpus subsulphureus.
Sweden: L. Romell, 182.
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 21033, comm. by H. Bourdot,

18426.
Canada: Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 62.
New York: Cascade, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

T. 31, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56072); Clear Lake, G. F.

Atkinson, 5048; Floodwood, E. A. Burt, C. H. Peck, 5, and an

unnumbered specimen (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 56017); North Elba, C. H. Peck, type of

Corticium subincarnatum (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.).
Minnesota: Vermilion Lake, E. W. D. Holway, 155, the Corticium

epichlorum of Geol. & Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn, but not C.

epichlorum Berk. & Curtis (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb, and Burt

Herb.).
Montana: Melrose, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11431 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63270).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, H.
Manitoba: Norway House, G. R. Bisby, H78 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 61660).

-^— 99. P. martiana (Berk. & Curtis) Burt, n. comb.

Corticium martianum Berkeley & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 179.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 331

1873; Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 30: 48. 1879; 40: 76. 1887;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 633. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 144. 1890.

Type : type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 30.

Fructifications widely effused, rather thick, somewhat tuber-
cular or rugose, waxy, drying cinnamon to liver-brown and burnt
umber and so hard as to require prolonged moistening before
sectioning, the margin thinning out; in section 200-400 [l thick,
colored like the hymenium, becoming dark vinaceous when
treated with potassium hydrate solution, 2-layered, with the layer
next to the substratum composed of longitudinally arranged,
honey-yellow hyphae 3 (jl in diameter, and with the hymenial
layer thicker, denser, darker, and composed of densely inter-
woven hyphae and scattered cystidia; no gloeocystidia; cystidia
incrusted, conical, 30-45 X 8-12 \l, wholly immersed or pro-
truding up to 30 (x beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even,
4-43^ X 2^-3 n.

Fructifications 1-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On very rotten wood of frondose species — Betula and Populus
noted. Massachusetts to Alabama and in Ohio and Idaho.
September to November. Rare.

P. martiana is usually blood-red in color, with substance of
the same color, and with surface so tubercular or with so irregular
folds as to suggest a Phlebia. It is likely to be confused with
Phlebia hydnoidea Schw., from which it is sharply distinct by
the more toothed surface and slightly colored cystidia of the
latter.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati : Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 30, type distribution.
Massachusetts: Murray (in Curtis Herb., 6251). V

New York: Ithaca, H. L. Jackson, comm. by Cornell Univ.

Herb., 18659.; Keene Valley, Adirondack Mts., W. G. Farlow.
West Virginia: Eglon, C. G. Lloyd, 02678.
Florida: R. Thaxter, U (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43934).
Alabama: Peters, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5: 30.
Ohio: College Hill, C. G. Lloyd, 1659.
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11116 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb..

63251).

** »

[Vol. 12
332 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

100. P. alutaria Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.
Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, not at all

separable, clay color in the herbarium, somewhat lacunose in
some places, somewhat granular where thickest, the margin
thinning out; in section 120-160 y. thick, showing a little color
when only little magnified and giving the characteristic color to
the fructification but hyaline under high magnification, com-
posed of densely arranged, interwoven, suberect hyphae 3-33^ n
in diameter, not incrusted ; no gloeocystidia ; cystidia of two kinds :
cylindric, hair-like, flexuous cystidia 3-3}^ [l in diameter, not
incrusted protrude up to 30 \i beyond the basidia and sometimes
have capitate tips; smaller incrusted cystidia 10 X 3 \l are pres-
ent at surface of hymenium; basidia 4-spored; spores white in
spore collection, even, subglobose, 3-3^ X 3 ^.

Fragmentary pieces of fructifications are up to 5 cm. long,
2 cm. wide. X *>- j&-U«. +- *

Type on wood of hardwood log of a frondose species in moun-
tain woods, also on Larix. Vermont and Michigan. November.
Rare.

P. alutaria seems possible of recognition by its clay color,
closely adnate fructifications, and small spores and cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Little Notch, Bristol, E. A. Burt, type.
Michigan: pole yard, Escanaba, C. J. Humphrey, 1783 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 42931).

101. P. separans Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Dodge Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, somewhat membra-
naceous, small pieces separable when moistened, between pale
ochraceous buff and avellaneous in the herbarium, even, some-
what cracked and showing the darker substance in the sides of
the fissures, the margin thinning out, slightly darker, some-
what radiately fibrillose, adnate; in section 300-350 \l thick,
colored, stratose, each stratum 2-layered, the supporting layer
composed of densely and longitudinally interwoven, slightly
colored hyphae 3-3J^ ^ in diameter, the hymenial layer 75-

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 333

120 (a thick, composed of densely arranged, erect tissue; no gloeo-
cystidia nor conducting organs; cystidia incrusted, 40-50 X
8-15 [Lj numerous, immersed, starting from the base of the
hymenial layer; spores hyaline, even, 8-10 X 2-3 y..

Fructifications probably large, for those studied are 4 cm.
long by 4 cm. wide and broken off on three sides.

On bark of coniferous log. British Columbia. September.

P. separans has some resemblance in color and aspect to
P. ciliata and resupinate Stereum sanguinolentum, but the stouter,
wholly immersed cystidia distinguish P. separans from the former
species, and the presence of cystidia and lack of conducting
organs from the latter. The type has two strata, the other
specimen only a single stratum of two layers.

Specimens examined:
British Columbia : Porcupine Creek, south of Beavermouth, C. W.

Dodge, 1702, type, and 1704 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58797,

58798, and in Dodge Herb.).

102. P. stratosa Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, thick, stratose, some-
what cartilaginous-coriaceous, hard when dry, becoming pinkish
buff to light ochraceous buff in the herbarium, cracking in drying
and showing the stratose context, the margin thinning out; in
section 700 \l thick, pale yellowish, composed of 8 strata in the
type, with the hyphae hyaline, densely interwoven and con-
glutinate, about 2-2 J^ [J. in diameter; cystidia incrusted, conical,
45-55 X 10-13 [i, protruding up to 40 [x, present in all strata but
more abundant and conspicuous in the outer half of the fructi-
fication and less distinct and perhaps becoming absorbed in the
more deeply buried strata; spores copious, hyaline, even, 4-5 X

2-2y2 (x.

Fructification 8 cm. long, 3^ cm. wide in the single piece con-
stituting the type, which has natural margin on one side only and
was broken from a larger mass.

On Quercus densiflora and Eucalyptus. California and Mexico.
September.

P. stratosa is related to P. similis but has larger cystidia and
spores.

[Vol. 12

334 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
California: Pinehurst, E. E. Bethel, 26273 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55437); Redwood Park, W. H. Long, 1851b, type (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55065).
Mexico: A. Dampf, comm. by J. R. Weir, 63537 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63710).

103. P. tabacina Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, tawny olive to snuff-brown,
the hymenium becoming cracked and showing in the fissures the
concolorous subiculum, the margin thinning out, colored like the
hymenium; in structure 150-400 y. thick, tawny olive throughout,
2-layered, with the layer next to the substratum composed of
loosely interwoven, even- walled, colored hyphae 3-3^ \i in
diameter, nodose-septate, not incrusted, and the hymenial layer
about equal in thickness to the other, with its hyphae densely
crowded together in a palisade layer and bearing basidia and
sterigmata and containing some somewhat colored spores;
cystidia not incrusted, cylindric, 6-8 (x in diameter, protruding
up to 80 \l; basidiospores hyaline, even, 6-9 X 2J^-3 [l, copious;
slightly colored spores 9 X 3 \l are present in the deeper portion
of the hymenial layer of the type specimen.

Fructifications 2-9 cm. long, 1-23^ cm. broad.

On decaying coniferous wood and bark of logs. Wisconsin,
Colorado, Washington, and Oregon. July to November. Rare.

P. tabacina is distinguished by its tobacco color throughout and
hyphae and cystidia lacking incrustation. It lacks the radiate
filamentous margin of P. filamentosa of somewhat similar color
as well as the hyphal incrustation of the latter. The presence
of colored spores in the subhymenium is suggestive of Stereum
rugisporum, a species of the same color, occurring on coniferous
substrata in the same regions, and more abundant material may
show that P. tabacina is the thin, first-stratum stage of the
latter, but the fructifications at hand are closely adnate to the
substratum rather than loosely connected with it by the to-
mentose layer characteristic of many resupinate Stereums.

Specimens examined :

1925]

BUKT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 335

Wisconsin: Oconto Falls, C. J. Humphrey, 91+1+5 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57176).
Colorado: Ouray, C. L. Shear, 1185, type.
British Columbia: Agassiz, J. R. Weir, 330 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63728); Sidney, J. Macoun, 19 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5734).
Washington: Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 631+3; Seattle, C. J.

Humphrey, 6456; Sedro-Woolley, C. J. Humphrey, 7578 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10753).
Oregon: Corvallis, on prune bark, Mrs. E. B. Zeller, comm. by

S. M. Zeller, 1871 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56872) ; Eugene,

C. J. Humphrey, 6096.

104. P. fusco-marginata Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and probably in Lloyd Herb.

Fructifications long-effused, membranaceous, separable, be-
coming pinkish buff to warm buff in the herbarium, not waxy nor
cracked, the extreme margin byssoid, fuscous, colored like the
supporting hyphal layer next to the substratum; in section 300-
320 [x thick, colored next the substratum, 2-layered with (1) the
layer next to the substratum composed of longitudinally ar-
ranged hyphae 4-5 \l in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-
septate, fuscous along the substratum, becoming colorless above,
and (2) the hymenial layer of equal thickness, composed of color-
less, erect hyphae somewhat granule-incrusted in an incrusted
zone; no gloeocystidia; cystidia not incrusted, 6 y. in diameter at
base, tapering to the apex, protruding up to 30-40 p. beyond the
basidia; spores hyaline, even, 5-6 X 3-33^ ji.

Fructifications 1-10 cm. long, the largest broken off at both
ends, Y^-^Yi cm. wide.

On bark of fallen decaying frondose limbs. Florida and
Louisiana. June and July. Local.

P. fusco-marginata has the unusual character of a colored layer
of coarse, fuscous hyphae running over the substratum and only
more or less completely covered by the buff, fertile portion of the
fructification, so that the protruding colored portion forms a dis-
tinctive fuscous margin. The Florida specimen is sterile and too
young for confident reference.

[Vol. 12
336 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined :
Florida: Snapper Creek Hammock, W. A. Murrill, 226, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62083).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 1947 and 100, type,

comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2771.

105. P. similis (B. & C.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25:
147. 1889.

Corticium simile Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 337.
1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 631. 1888.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Farlow Herb., and a fragment in
Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, becoming light buff to
cream color in the herbarium, somewhat velutinous, cracked, the
margin thin; in section marguerite-yellow and darker next to
the substratum but with yellow color bleached by action of
potassium hydrate solution on the sections, 200-500 [x thick in
the type but finally up to 2 mm. thick, composed of densely ar-
ranged, erect hyphae 3 ;x in diameter, and of great numbers of
cystidia; cystidia incrusted, not colored, conical or fusiform,
15-25 X 6-8 v., very numerous in all regions; spores hyaline,
even, allantoid, 4 X 1 [i, borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications " spreading for several inches." Fragmentary
specimens examined are 1-4 cm. in diameter.

On under side of frondose logs and fallen limbs. Florida,
Mexico, West Indies, and Japan. October to March. Prob-
ably common.

P. similis closely resembles Corticium portentosum in aspect,
and I am unable to distinguish it from the latter except by exam-
ination with the microscope which reveals the abundant, small,
colorless cystidia. P. tephra is closely related but does not
form as thick fructifications, and its fructifications are less
cracked, darker-colored in section, with darker, thicker-walled,
more erect and more crowded hyphae, and slightly larger spores.

Specimens examined:
Florida: Cutler Hammock, W. A, Murrill, 63, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62093); Royal

Palm Hammock, W. A. Murrill, 112, 113, 119, 122, 125, all

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 337

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

62094-62098, 62110).
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 537, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54553);

Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 777, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54612); Xuchiles, near

Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 1211, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54600).
Cuba: C. Wright, 543, type (in Kew Herb., Farlow Herb., and

Burt Herb.), C. G. Lloyd, 432 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55171) ;

Alto Cedro, Earle & Murrill, 433, 553, both comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb.; Ceballos, C. /. Humphrey, 2678, 2813, 2834

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9087, 14855, 14837); Managua,

Earle & Murrill, 42, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; San

Diego de los Banos, Earle & Murrill, 203, 260, 303, all comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, /. A. Stevenson & R. C. Rose, 6530 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55072).
Bermuda: B. & J. Dodge, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 598, 658, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Troy and Tyre, W. A. Murrill & W.

Harris, 886, 1053, in part, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow,

7,8.
Japan: Mt. Tsukikuma, Prov. Bungo, A. Yasuda, 100 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 57018).

106. P. Seymouriana Burt, n. sp.

Type: type in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and probably in Farlow
Herb.

Fructifications long and broadly effused, thin, closely adnate,
small portions separable when moistened, Verona brown to
mummy-brown or fuscous, somewhat velvety, cracking into
small areas, the margin determinate, entire; in structure 60-
180 [i thick, colored throughout like the hymenium, composed of
erect, colored, densely interwoven hyphae 3 p. in diameter, not
incrusted, not nodose-septate, and of cystidia in all regions; no
gloeocystidia; hymenial surface velvety through very numerous

[Vol. 12
338 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

branched paraphyses having final branches 1 \l in diameter;
cystidia incrusted, 20-35 X 12-15 \l, usually wholly immersed;
spores not found.

Fructifications 12 cm. long and broken off at ends, 3 cm. wide.

On fallen decaying branches of undetermined frondose species.
Georgia and Cuba. August and April. Probably rare.

P. Seymouriana has general aspect suggestive of a resupinate
Hymenochaete or the effused stroma of an Hypoxylon. The fruc-
tifications are thinner than those of P. tephra, with less numerous
cystidia and with the much darker hymenium becoming cracked
like that of Hymenochaete corrugata.

Specimens ^examined :
Georgia: Glen Ella, Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, type, comm.

by Farlow Herb., G (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44613).
Cuba: C. G. Lloyd, lJfi (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55495).

107. P. laevigata (Fr.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 149.
Je. 1889; Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48:
426. O. 1889; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 408.
1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 696. 1922.

Thelephora laevigata Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 224. 1828. —
Corticium laevigatum Fries, Epicr. 565. 1838; Hym. Eur. 656.
1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 628. 1888. — Xerocarpus Juniperi
Karsten, Rev. Myc. 39: 22. 1881.— Kneiffia laevigata (Fr.)
Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 104. 1903.

Fructifications effused, thin, snuff-brown, drab, or pale drab-
gray, adnate, small pieces separable from the bark when moist-
ened, becoming cracked when dry, the margin at length free;
in section brown, 200 \i thick, composed of very numerous, colored
cystidia and thin-walled, hyaline hyphae 2-4 [i in diameter;
cystidia colored, cylindric-clavate or fusiform, 25-50 X 5-6 y.,
thick-walled and rough above or perhaps somewhat incrusted,
very numerous in all regions and giving their color to the trama
as a whole; spores hyaline, even, 7-8 X 3-4 \l.

Fructifications 2}^-12 cm. long, J^-4 cm. broad.

On bark of Juniperus. Canada, New York, and Europe.
April and September. Rare.

This species may be recognized by its occurrence on Juniperus,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 339

brown color within, and abundance of colored cystidia. European
authors record it on bark of living Juniperus communis, but the
data with the two American specimens which I have seen gave
merely the kind of substratum, one of these being Juniperus
virginiana.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 2014, authentic specimen

from Karsten of Xerocarpus Juniperi.
Sweden: L. Romell, 104, 105, 106; Femsjo, L. Romell, 407.
Finland: Mustiala, P. Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 2014.
Italy (?) : locality not given, G. Bresadola.
England: Buckden, Yorkshire, E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57119).
Canada: J. Macoun, 24-
New York: Orient, Long Island, R. Latham (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 58907, and Burt Herb.).

108. P. tephra (B. & C.) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 20. pi 123, f. 6.
1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 643. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 25: 143. 1889.

Corticium tephrum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
336. 1868.

Type: in Kew Herb., and in Curtis Herb, mounted on left of
card, that on the right is Stereum albobadium.

Fructifications effused, adnate, between tilleul-buff and drab,
becoming drab in the herbarium, somewhat velutinous, the
margin thin, adnate, concolorous; in section brown throughout,
zonate, 400-550 \l thick, composed of erect, flexuous, thick-walled,
somewhat colored hyphae 3-4 \l in diameter, densely crowded
together, and of very numerous cystidia; cystidia coarsely in-
crusted, conical, sometimes fusiform, 15-25 X 6-9 \l, protruding
up to 9-12 [a, not colored, very numerous, throughout the whole
fructification; spores hyaline, even, 5 X 2J^-3 \l.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, J^-2 cm. broad.

On dead wood of frondose species. Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico,
and Bermuda. October to January.

Former accounts of P. tephra are erroneous because they were
partly based on a gathering of resupinate Stereum albobadium.

[Vol. 12
340 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

P. tephra belongs in the group with P. laevigata and P. pruinata
but does not have the colored cystidia of the former nor the
pruinose hymenium of the latter. The Australian specimen from
Berkeley under the name P. tephra, in N. Y. Botanical Garden
Herbarium, has colored cystidia and is more probably P. laevigata.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Motzorongo, near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,
997, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 54623).
Cuba: C. Wright, type (specimen in Curtis Herb, mounted on
left side of card) ; Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2692 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 21942); Ciego de Avila, Earle & Murrill, 592,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Herradura, Earle & Mur-
rill, 143, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Bayamon, J. A. Stevenson, 6760 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55059).
Bermuda: Agricultural Station, H. H. Whetzel, Ak (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 58909).

109. P. pruinata (B. & C.) Burt, n. comb.

Stereum pruinatum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10:
332. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 583. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 27: 198. 1890.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Effused, adnate, drying pale neutral gray to drab-gray,
pruinose, cracking when thick, the margin very thin; in section
fuscous throughout, becoming zonate and finally 1 mm. thick,
composed of densely arranged, erect, colored hyphae 3 y. in
diameter and of very numerous cystidia in all regions of the
section; cystidia incrusted, fusiform, 18-22 X 6-12 p.; spores
hyaline, even, subglobose, about 3-43^ X 23^-3 [l in the few
found.

Fructifications probably cover large areas, for those are 5-10
X 1-5 cm. and fractured on 3 or all sides in the specimens seen.

On rotting hardwood logs. Florida, Alabama, Mexico, and
the West Indies. June to March. Occasional.

Dried specimens have the livid or cinereous color of some
forms of P. cinerea but with surface of rather more velvety tex-

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA 341

ture, often not cracked at all or, when cracked, into areas ranging
down to about 5 mm. in diameter. The fructifications of P.
pruinata are much thicker than those of P. cinerea and darker
throughout. When moistened, small pieces may be separated
from the bark for sectioning.

Specimens examined:
Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 77 (in Farlow Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43897); Otter Creek, C. J. Humphrey,

6703 (in Humphrey Herb.); Palm Beach, H. von Schrenk (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43043).
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 874 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57242).
Mexico: Motzorongo, near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 988

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54621); Orizaba, W. A. & E. L.

Murrill, 764, in part, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54635).
Cuba: C. Wright, 193, type (in Farlow Herb., and Kew Herb.);

Alto Cedro, Santiago de Cuba Province, Earle & Murrill, 516,

518, 544, ^55, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Ceballos,

C. /. Humphrey, 2815.

Porto Rico : Mount Morales, near Utuado, Mrs. E. G. Britton &

D. W. Marble, 1204, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61486).

Jamaica: Hope Gardens, W. A. Murrill, 2, comm. by N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb.; Moneague to Union Hill, W. A. Murrill,
1176, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

110. P. rimosissima (B. & C.) Burt, n. comb.

Corticium rimosissimum Berkeley & Curtis, Am. Acad. Arts
& Sci. Proc. 4: 124. 1858; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 639. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 122. 1890. — An Stereum
umbrinum Berk. & Curtis?

Type : type distribution in C. Wright, Plants of U. S. North
Pacific Expl. Exp., 110.

Fructifications broadly effused, rather thick, dry, mem-
branaceous, separable in rather large pieces, pliant when dry,
now bister in the herbarium, not shining, even, cracking through
the colored hymenium into polygonal masses 1-4 to a mm. and

[Vol. 12

342 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

showing the underlying pale substance, the true margin un-
known ; in section 360-450 (i thick, colored in the hymenial layer,
with the basal layer composed of obliquely ascending, loosely
interwoven, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae 3-4 y. in diameter, not
incrusted, not nodose septate, and of thick-walled, non-staining,
hyaline organs 4J/2 ^ hi diameter, not incrusted, whose pointed
tips protrude as cystidia up to 12 ^ beyond the basidia; spores
hyaline, even, 6 X 4J^ [l — few found and may not belong.

Fragmentary fructifications not having margin are 4 cm. long,
2 cm. wide.

On dead cane. Nicaragua.

P. rimosissima is closely related in color and structure to
Stereum umbrinum but has colorless cystidia not incrusted and
only 43/2-6 ^ in diameter, and thinner fructifications which are
not known yet to occur reflexed.

Specimens examined:
Nicaragua: C. Wright, type (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.).

111. P. Weiri Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 70. 1925.

Type: in Weir Herb.

Fructifications long and broadly effused, thin, closely adnate,
becoming cream-buff to chamois in the herbarium, even, some-
what cracked, the margin thinning out; in section 150 y. thick,
concolorous with, and giving the color %to, the fructification,
composed of densely interwoven, rigid, slightly colored hyphae
2-33/2 ^ m diameter, not incrusted; gloeocystidia flexuous or
sometimes filamentous, 30-75 X 3-5 [x; cystidia not incrusted,
thin-walled, cylindric, obtuse, 6-8 pi in diameter, protruding up
to 40-50 [i beyond the basidia, not numerous; basidia with 4
sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, cylindric, 6-8 X 3-33^ (x,
copious.

Fructifications 5-12 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide.

On wood of decaying logs of Pinus monticola. Idaho. Sep-
tember.

The gloeocystidia of P. Weiri are unusual in their position,
since they are occasionally oblique or parallel with the substratum,
and more elongated then than when in the more usual, erect
position, nor did they become visible in my sections stained with

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 343

eosin until the sections have cleared somewhat in the permanent
glycerine mount. The color of the densely interwoven tissue of
the fructification should aid in recognition of the species.

Specimens examined:
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 233^5, type (in Weir Herb.).

112. P. Farlowii Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, rather thick, pale
olive-buff in the herbarium, even, somewhat cracked and showing
the tissue to be horn-like and somewhat resin-colored (pecan-
brown) where exposed on sides of the fissures, the margin thin-
ning out, composed of finely interwoven hyphae; in section 250-
350 \l thick, somewhat colored, inclosing some portions of the
substratum, composed of densely interwoven and conglutinate
hyphae 2-3 (x in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate,
indistinct; no gloeocystidia; cystidia incrusted, 30-70 X 12-15 ^,
a protruding up to 30 (x, few and scattered; spores hyaline, even,

V>4x2tl- n^ U

Fructifications in fragments 2-3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

On very rotten frondose wood. New Hampshire. September.

P. Farlowii shows in the dried specimen a pale olive-buff
hymenium covering a horn-like, somewhat resin-colored under-
lying layer; the cystidia are so large as to be a good distinctive
character.

Specimens examined:
New Hampshire: Chocorua, Bowditch Swamp, W. G. Farlow, 16,

type.

113. P. colorea Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications longitudinally effused, very thin, closely adnate,
light drab, not shining, even, the margin thinning out, indeter-
minate; in section 70-80 y. thick, light drab, 2-layered, with a
layer along the substratum about 30 [l thick, of densely longi-
tudinally interwoven, somewhat colored hyphae about 3 [l in
diameter, indistinct, conglutinate, and with a colored hymeniai
layer of erect basidia, paraphyses, and cystidia; no gloeocystidia;

[Vol. 12

344 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

cystidia incrusted, slightly colored, fusiform, 24-33 X 12-15 y.,
few, immersed in the hymenial layer; spores of a crushed prep-
aration cylindric, hyaline, even, curved, 8-10 X 2-3 \l.

Fructifications 3-9 cm. long, 1-1 H cm. wide.

On bark of dead branches about 1-% cm. in diameter, of
frondose species. Louisiana. December.

P. colorea belongs near the P. cinerea group of very variable
species. It may well prove that P. colorea is not a specifically
distinct member of this group when more abundant material
from southern Louisiana is available, but it seems to me distinct
now by the longitudinal layer next to the substratum, light drab
color throughout, few, large, slightly colored cystidia which are
confined to the hymenial layer, and by the slender, elongated
spores.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, ch, type.

114. P. decorticans Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications long-effused, closely adnate, very thin, growing
on the wood, spreading longitudinally and laterally between the
wood and bark, loosening the latter, pale pinkish buff and pale
gull-gray to whitish, pruinose, with occasional tubercules in some
specimens; in section brownish throughout, 50-90 \l thick, not
zonate, composed of densely arranged, interwoven, slightly
colored, erect hyphae 3 {x in diameter, with no darker and opaque
zone next to the substratum; cystidia few, incrusted, ovoid to
subglobose, up to 20-25 X 15 y., seen only in the region next to
the substratum; paraphyses with slender, antler-shaped branches
protrude from hymenium; spores hyaline, even, slightly curved,
8-9 X 3 (a, few seen.

Fructifications 1-2 cm. wide, 2 cm.-6 m. long, on under side of
dead branches along which the loosened bark curls back laterally.

On Quercus Garry ana, Acer macrophyllum, and Rhus diver si-
loba. Washington and Oregon. February to December. Com-
mon locally.

P. decorticans differs from P. cinerea, P. nuda, P. caesia, and
P. violaceo-livida in not being so dark as to be opaque next to the

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 345

substratum. Its most noteworthy character, by which it may
be recognized at a glance, is its curious habit of forming the
fructification on bark-covered limbs between the bark and the
wood, so that the loosened bark — very noticeable on Quercus
limbs — curls back, disclosing the fructification closely adnate on
the wood. The antler-shaped branching paraphyses occur in
P. phyllophida also.

Specimens examined :
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 910, type, 756, 757, 758.
Oregon: Corvallis, C. Epling (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 60183),

S. M. Zeller, 1769, 2258 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56846,

63028).

115. P. nuda (Fr.) Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3:
114. 1897; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 405.
1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 695. 1922.

Thelephora nuda Fries. Syst. Myc. 1: 447, 1821. — Corticium
nudum Fries, Epicr. 564. 1838; Patouillard, Tab. Anal. Fung.
2: 33. /. 582. 1887; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 626. 1888.— Penio-
phora ochracea Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 2.5: 150. 1889,
but not Corticium ochraceum Fries.

Illustrations: Patouillard, loc. cit.

Fructification effused, closely adnate, very thin, pale drab-
gray, pale purplish gray or pale gull-gray, pruinose, waxy, crack-
ing in drying; in section brownish, darker and opaque next the
substratum, 75-160 y. thick, the hyphae densely interwoven,
rather erect, 3 y. in diameter, somewhat colored; cystidia in-
crusted, in all regions of the fructification, usually about 20-25
X 6 [a, larger near the substratum and sometimes up to 15 [a in
diameter; spores hyaline, even, curved, 4J^-9 X 23^-3 [l, re-
ported larger by European authors.

Fructifications 2-6 X 1-2 cm.

On fallen limbs of frondose species such as Acer, Quercus,
Populus, etc. Canada to Texas, in Europe and Japan. April
to January. Occasional.

I have seen no authentic specimens of P. nuda, but the Euro-
pean concept of this species differs from P. cinerea in having the
fructifications more whitish gray in color, more broadly effused,

[Vol. 12
346 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

and less evidently formed by confluence of several small fructi-
fications and with some cystidia near the substratum of greater
diameter than those elsewhere. I have seen no spore collections,
and it is possible that the spore measurements given above are
too small, since they are based on spores found in preparations of
sections.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Am., 454, under the name Corticium

ochraceum.
Canada: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 26.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.

New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1306; Altamont, E. A. Burt.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61338).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1358.
Virginia: C. L. Shear, 1181.

South Carolina: Pinopolis, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 454.
Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 8981 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63459).
Florida: Daytona, R. A. Harper, 5 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54538).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63415).
Louisiana : Baton Rouge, C. W. Edgerton, 830.
Texas: Beaumont, C. J. Humphrey, 5936.
Japan: Province Bungo, N. Nakayma, comm. by A. Yasuda, 125

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59471).

116. P. argentea Ellis & Everhart in herb., n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, thin, pallid mouse-gray
to drab-gray, pruinose, cracked in drying, the margin darker and
thinning out; in section brown and opaque with exception of the
hyaline hymenial layer, 150 tA thick, with the hyphae densely
interwoven, thick-walled, stiff, 3-33^ y. in diameter, colored as in
Hymenochaete, not incrusted; cystidia not incrusted, partially
destroyed and rendered nearly invisible by potassium hydrate
solution, tapering upward to a point, protruding up to 30 (x,

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 347

6-7 [i in diameter, often colored for 20 \l at the base and there
with the aspect of buried setae; basidia deteriorated; no spores
found.

Fructifications 4-8 cm. long, 1-1 H cm. broad.

On bark and decorticated wood of decaying Fraxinus. Louisi-
ana. January. Probably rare.

This species has the color and aspect of P. nuda and P. caesia
but differs from both of these and also from P. cinerea in having
its opaque basal layer 120 [i thick, comprising the whole thickness
of the fructification except the hymenium, and in having its
hyphae thick-walled and distinct and colored as in Hymeno-
chaete. The cystidia differ from those of the species just named
and also P. pruinata in not being incrusted and are noteworthy
by being attacked and partially dissolved by 7 per cent solution
of potassium hydrate to such a degree that they are best studied
when sections are mounted in lactic acid.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 1758, type (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63416).

117. P. violaceo-livida (Sommf.) ' Bresadola in Bourdot &
Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 405. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 695.
1922.

Thelephora violaceo-livida Sommerfelt, Fl. Lapp. Suppl. 283.
1826. — Corticium violaceo-lividum (Sommf.) Fries, Epicr. 564.
1838; Hym. Eur. 655. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 627. 1888.

Fructifications somewhat effused, closely adnate, rather thick,
tubercular, pale mouse-gray to drab-gray, often round ; in section
brownish, 100-300 y. thick, becoming zonate within, darker and
opaque next to the substratum, the hyphae somewhat colored,
densely arranged, erect; cystidia incrusted, 20-30 X 6-9 [a, dis-
tributed in all regions, very numerous; spores hyaline, even,
curved, 6-9 X 23^-4 \l, as found with sections.

Fructifications 1-4 X Mr 2 cm., often with the component
masses rounded, 5-7 mm. in diameter.

On fallen limbs of Salix, Prunus, Fraxinus Castanea, and
Quercus. Canada to Louisiana. March to October. Rare.

The concept of this species presented by Bresadola, which has

[Vol. 12
348 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

become generally accepted in Europe, is followed here except
that I have referred to this species effused fructifications with
tuberculate surface, thick and zonate within, as well as fructi-
fications consisting of aggregations of small, round masses. The
specimen received from Bresadola has the latter form and is on
Prunus Cerasus; one from Romell on Salix, the substratum first
cited for the species, has a similar zonate structure within and a
tubercular surface but is more effused than that from Bresadola.

Specimens examined:
Lappland: Sommerfelt, authentic specimen under the name

Thelephora fallax var. violaceo-livida (in Herb. Fries).
Sweden : L. Romell, 71 .
Austria : Hall in Tirol, V. Litschauer.
Italy probably : locality not stated, G. Bresadola.
Canada: Ontario, Ottawa, J. Macoun, 27, 131.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two gatherings.
Massachusetts: near Boston, E. A. Burt.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

61339).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1027.
District of Columbia: Soldiers Home, C. L. Shear, 1116.
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 2521.

118. P. cinerea (Pers.) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 20. pi. 123, f. 8
1880; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 643. 1888; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc
Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 407. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid., 696. 1922.

Corticium cinereum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1
111. 1894; Fries, Epicr. 563. 1838; Hym. Eur. 654. 1874.—
Thelephora cinerea § Corticium Persoon, Syn. Fung. 579. 1801
Myc. Eur. 1 : 148. 1822; Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1 : 221. 1828.—
Kneiffia cinerea (Fr.) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 103. 1903. —
Corticium fumigatum de Thumen, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 6 : 95.
1876; Myc. Univ., 513. 1876. — Thelephora lilacina Schweinitz,
Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 168. 1832. — Peniophora lilacina
(Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 147. 1889.

Illustrations: Fries, Icones Hym., pi. 198, f. 4; Cooke, loc. cit.;
Patouillard, Tab. Anal. Fung./. 251.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 349

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, in small
patches becoming confluent, lurid, ashy in various shades as pale
drab-gray, pale mouse-gray, and cinnamon-drab, pruinose, waxy,
becoming cracked in drying; in section 50-100 [l thick usually,
brownish, darker and opaque near the substratum, the hyphae
densely interwoven, 3 jj. in diameter, somewhat colored; cystidia
incrusted, 25-40 X 43/£-9 \l, distributed throughout the section;
spores hyaline, even, cylindric, 6-9 X 2-3 y., borne 4 to a ba-
sidium.

Fructifications 2-5 X J^-l cm.; when scattered 2-5 mm. in
diameter.

On fallen limbs of Alnus, Acer, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus, and
most other frondose and coniferous species. Throughout North
America, West Indies, Europe, southern Africa, and Japan —
probably cosmopolitan. Our commonest species. Throughout
the year.

P. cinerea may be recognized by its resemblance to a thin coat
of ashy gray or slightly tinted paint on the bark of fallen limbs;
the substance of the sections is brownish when viewed with a
hand lens, and dark and opaque next the substratum under the
compound microscope. P. caesia, P. nuda, and P. violaceo-livida
must be cautiously separated from P. cinerea, for all are closely
related.

Specimens examined:
>f Exsiccati: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 63, 64; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 21,

under the name Corticium fumigatum, 610; Ell. & Ev., Fungi

Col., 610, 805, under the name C. fumigatum; de Thiimen,

Myc. Univ., 513, type distribution of C. fumigatum, 1206;

Sydow, Myc. Germ., 205.
Sweden: L. Romell, 69, 70.
England: in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 63, 64; Kew Gardens, E. M.

Wakefield (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57121).
Germany: Brandenburg, in Sydow, Myc. Germ., 205; Berlin,

P. Magnus (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55803).
Austria: Lengerich, Brinkmann, comm. by G. Bresadola; Tirol,

three specimens, comm. by V. Litschauer.
Italy: Trento, G. Bresadola; Vallambrosa, Cavara, comm. by

G. Bresadola.

[Vol. 12
350 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 989 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5009).

Canada: J. Macoun, 8, 9, 50.

Quebec : Hull, /. Macoun.

Ontario: London, J. Dearness, 169a, 169c (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 11350, 5629); Ottawa, J. Macoun, 884.

Maine: Portage, L. W. Riddle.

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 147 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55262) and three specimens in Burt Herb.;
North Conway, A. S. Rhoads, 8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56977), W. H. Snell, 627 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59294).

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, nine gatherings.

Massachusetts: Arlington, E. A. Burt, A. P. D. Piguet, comm.
by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43959); Billerica,
E. A. Siegler (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55035); Boston, E. A.
Burt; Stoneham, C. L. Shear, 1289.

Connecticut: Portland, G. P. Clinton (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
43945).

New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15955, 57517, 59673, 59690,
59695), L. O. Overholts, 8888 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6989),
C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55987, 57516, 57518); Alcove, C. L. Shear, 248, 1006,
1100, 1188, 1216, 1800; Carrollton, C. H. Peck (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 56012); East Galway, E. A. Burt; Greenbush,
C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., 74, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55776); Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham, 19 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54504); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 674, 8218, H. S.
Jackson, Cornell Univ. Herb., 14394, C. O. Smith, comm. by
G. F. Atkinson, 8223; Earner, H. D. House (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54369); Knox, C. H.
Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55751) ; Menands, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55805); Middle Grove, E. A. Burt;
Van Cortland Park, New York City, C. H. Peck (in N. Y.
State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55977) ; Orient,
R. Latham, 181 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44227); Selkirk,
C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 351

Herb., 55773); Van Etten, Tioga County, W. C. Barbour,
1365 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
61400); West Albany, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55749); Westport, C. H. Peck (in
N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55750);
White Plains, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61588); Willsboro Point, C. 0.
Smith; West Fort Ann, S. H. Burnham, 17 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44046).

New Jersey: Newark, H. S. Jackson; Newfield, J. B. Ellis (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4818), 1076, 1078, comm. by W. G.
Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14762, 7459), comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61448), in
Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 21, 610, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 610,
805, and de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 513, 1206; Belleplain, C. L.
Shear, 1165.

Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type of Thelephora lilacina
(in Farlow Herb, and Kew Herb.).

Maryland : Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 962, 1028, 1076, 1162, 1349.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 515 (in N. Y.
State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55808), 1353;
Washington, C. L. Shear, 1200, 1258.

Virginia: Park Lane, W. H. Long, 18509 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55061).

North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4328, 8030.

Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5676 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44252).

Florida: New Smyrna, W. A. Murrill, 5, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62085).

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, unnumbered specimens and !ft
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61399,
61452), and F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61428); Montgomery and
Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 9, 11, 42, 120, 449, 455,
458, 461, 469, 513, 818 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16360, 22340,
21100, 19555, 57277, 57280, 57283, 57288, 57303, 63117).

Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey, 5727a, 5666.

Tennessee: J. R. Weir, 7558 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55464).

[Vol. 12
352 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Ohio: Norwood, C. G. Lloyd, 1576.

Indiana: Crawfordsville, A. R. Bechtel, 12 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 59660) ; Millers, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 939.

Illinois: Barry, H. W. Anderson (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55966) ;
Cypress, C. J. Humphrey, 1359 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
22522); River Forest, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 676, 757; River-
side, E.T.&S.A. Harper, 677.

Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61396); Gogebic County,
E. A. Bessey, 56, 78, 183, 216, 236, 371 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56545, 56549, 56580, 56546, 56590, 56635); Michigan
Agricultural College, B. 0. Longyear (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55704) ; New Richmond, E. W. Hartwell (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 58163); Vermilion, A. H. W. Povah, 242 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 58163).

Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, comm. by Univ. Wis. Herb., 28;
Madison, E. Bartholomew 6652 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
57039), M. C. Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2432 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4835), and W. Trelease (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 4816, 43988, 43989).

Minnesota: Lake Itaska, E. L. Jensen, 5 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 12530); Univ. Farm Campus, St. Paul, E. L. Jensen, 3
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4203).

Missouri : Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 572, 574; Creve Coeur Lake,
L. O. Overholts, 3159 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5714).

Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 1054, 1058, 1342.

Colorado: Golden, E. Bethel & L. O. Overholts, 1744 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 54870).

Manitoba: Winnipeg, A. H. R. Butler, comm. by G. R. Bisby,
878, and G. R. Bisby, 1348 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58995,
and 60554 respectively).

British Columbia: Salmo, J. R. Weir, 444 (m Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 6243) ; Sidney, J. Macoun, 6, 775 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 5765, 55324).

Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 700, 701, 721, 744, 759,
861, 885, 918, 954, 960, 963; Corvallis, S. M. letter, 2262 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63033); Chelan, J. R. Weir, 5490 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58260); Kalama, C. J. Humphrey, 6219;

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 353

Washougal, R. H. Turk, comm. by S. M. Zeller, 2630 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63057).
California : Berkeley, comm. by W. A. Setchell, 1032 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44241); Stanford University, C. F. Baker, 12;

Sierra Nevada Mountains, W. H. Harkness, 1025 (in Kew

Herb., under the name Peniophora carnea Berk. & Cke.).
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 358, 407 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54470, 54532).
Cuba: San Antonio de los Baiios, Havana Province, Earle &

Murrill, 73, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 2451, 2920, 3067, 5581,

5638 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9185, 3125, 9055, 6957, 54585).
Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 334, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Cinchona, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,

596, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Troy and Tyre,

W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 894, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.
Africa: Stellenbosch, Cape Colony, P. A. van der Bijl, 326 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63397).
Japan: Mt. Mikuma, Province Awaji, A. Yasuda, 4 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55666).

119. P. caesia Bresadola in Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 28: 406. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid., 695. 1922.

Corticium caesium Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 39. pi. 145, f. 2.
1892; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 126. 1895.

Illustrations : Bresadola, loc. cit.

Type: authentic specimen in Burt Herbarium.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, very thin, pale
mouse-gray to pale purplish-gray, delicately pruinose, cracked in
drying, the margin similar; in section brownish, 40-90 y. thick,
dark and opaque next to substratum; hyphae densely interwoven,
somewhat colored; cystidia near the substratum 15-25 X 10-20 (jl,
incrusted, becoming slightly colored, not numerous; spores hy-
aline, even, curved, 6-8 X 23^-3 y. as found in preparations of
sections, probably larger in spore falls.

Fructifications 2-10 X 1-2 cm.

On fallen limbs of Syringa, Betula, Quercus, and other frondose

4-

[Vol. 12
354 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUEI BOTANICAL GAKDEN

species. Vermont to District of Columbia, in Missouri, and in
Europe. March to December. Rare.

P. caesia is more widely effused than P. cinerea, is not formed
by confluence of many small fructifications, and has much the
color and aspect of P. nuda but differs from the latter in absence
of the numerous, small cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Roumeguere, Fungi Gallici, 2910, under the name

Corticium incarnatum, 3213, under the name Corticium cinereum.
Austria : Vienna, comm. by V. Litschauer.
Italy: Trient, G. Bresadola, authentic specimen.
France: in Roumeguere, Fungi Gallici, 2910, 3213.
Vermont: Lake Dunmore, E. A. Burt.
District of Columbia: Washington, Department Grounds, on

Syringa vulgaris, C. L. Shear, 1264, in part, and an unnumbered

specimen.
Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 448-

120. P. carnea (Berk. & Cooke) Cooke, Grevillea 8: 21. pi.
124, /• It. 1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 644. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 151. 1889.

Corticium carneum Berkeley & Cooke, New York Acad. Sci.
Ann. 1: 179. 1878; Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 17: 141. 1878.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructification effused, closely adnate, thin, ochraceous flesh-
color, drying avellaneous and cracked, the margin whitish and
fibrillose; in section brownish, 100-120 ti thick, with a dark,
semi-opaque zone next to the substratum; hyphae densely inter-
woven, 3-33^2 V- m diameter, slightly colored, somewhat longi-
tudinally interwoven next to the substratum; cystidia incrusted,
of two kinds — very large cystidia resembling conical or subglobose
crystalline masses 45-75 X 30-75 \i are seated on the opaque
zone, other cystidia 25-35 X 6-8 y. are scattered throughout the
region between the dark zone and the surface of the hymenium;
gloeocystidia flexuous, 40-50 X 4-4 J^ [x, not numerous; spores
hyaline, even, slightly curved, 8-12 X 3-4 \l.

Fructifications 1-6 cm. long, J^-2 cm. broad.

On logs and fallen, decaying, frondose limbs. Texas and Cuba.
March. Rare.

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 355

The thin, closely adnate fructifications of P. carnea, brownish
within and with a broad, dark, opaque zone next to the sub-
stratum, place this species in the P. cinerea group. It is remark-
able by having, in addition to the ordinary kind of cystidia, very
much larger cystidia which finally become, by the accretions of
mineral matter, very large masses of mineral nature with very
coarse grains on the exterior of the mass. In the Cuban gathering
which I have referred to this species, when a small portion of the
hymenial surface was moistened with alcohol and then with
water preparatory to removal of a bit of the fructification for
sectioning, the moist hymenium became punctate with minute
depressions, probably by presence at those points of the large
buried cystidia. This may prove a useful test for preliminary
sorting out, without examination by the microscope, of the rare
P. carnea from the more common P. cinerea of nearly similar
aspect. P. heterocystidia has cystidia of two kinds, like those of
P. carnea but thicker, readily separable from the substratum
when moistened, and with a narrow brown zone in the middle of
its sectional preparations and with a loosely interwoven hyaline
zone next to the substratum. The specimen in Kew Herbarium,
collected on fir in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, by
Harkness, 1025, and referred by Cooke to P. cinerea does not
have the large cystidia of his type and is P. cinerea instead.

Specimens examined:
Texas: Galveston Bay, H. W. Ravenel, 78, type (in Kew Herb.).
Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, Pinar del Rio Province, Earle <fc

Murrill, 333, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

SPECIES TOO INCOMPLETELY DESCRIBED FOR LOCATION AMONG

PRECEDING SPECIES

Peniophora convolvens Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 18: 48. 1920.

" Elongato-eff usa, ceraceo-membranacea, pallida vel avellanea,
ambitu similari, demum libero-convoluto; hymenio demum late
rimoso, interstitiis fibrillosis; sporis hyalinis, obovatis, 6-7 X 5-
6 {ji; basidiis clavatis, 40-45 X 6-7 y.; cystidiis saepe immersis
vel usque ad 45 [l prominentibus, 9-12 y. crassis.

"Hab. ad ligna, St. Croix, Americae centralis. Raunkiaer."

356

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

[Vol. 12

P. gigaspora Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 25: 152. 1889;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 238. 1891.

"Latissime effusa, ambitu fimbriata albicans; hymenio pallido,
velutino, sicco indurato, contiguo; cystidia fusoidea, 80-120 X
30-40 [l; sporae oblongo-ellipsoideae, 18-20 X 10 \l.

"N. Providence, Bahamas.

"On decorticated wood, forming thin, continuous, broadly
effused patches, somewhat resembling P. velutina, but differing in
cystidia and spores."

(To be concluded)

INDEX TO SPECIES OF PENIOPHORA

Page

. admirabilis 304

Aegerita 226

aemulans 308

affinis 266

• alba 297

albofarcta 228

. albo-straminea 305

albugo 231

■ albula 231

• Allescheri 301

, alutaria 332

, amoena 276

• arachnoidea 220

, argentea 346

. asperipilata 230

■ aurantiaca 310

borealis 295

• Burkei 282

Burtii 278

• caesia 353

. cana 227

■ canadensis 260

• Candida 226

, carnea 354

. carnosa 325

■ cinerea 348

citrinella 327

• coccineo-fulva 253

colorea 343

convolvens 355

• crassa 286

• cremea 261

decorticans 344

disciformis var. borealis 295

• duplex 298

exigua 224

exilis 239

Page

• Farlowii 343

r filamentosa 320

• firma 276

r flammea 252

- flavido-alba 24S

< fusca 244

. fusco-marginata 336

galochroa 222

• gigantea 216

gigaspora 356

. gilvidula 245

. glebulosa 282

globifera 219

, guttulif era 247

• heterocystidia 293

hiulca 272

v humif aciens 225

• incarnata 307

inconspicua 221

inflata 267

. investiens 307

irregularis 228

isabellina 253

Karstenii 254, 286

• Kauffmanii 296

• laevigata 338

• laevis 257

• laminata 246

. laxa 224

• lepida 296

leprosa 254

lilacina 348

• limonia 275

• livida 239

• longispora 229

• ludoviciana 244

1925]

BURT — THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XIV 357

Page

• magnahypha 238

• martiana 330

, medioburiensis 328

mexicana 243

' miniata 277

MoUeriana 270

» montana 237

, mutata 299

„ nuda 345

ochracea 345

• odontioides 223

, odorata 289

• Peckii 291

pertenuis 315

phosphorescens 273

i phyllophila 241

piliseta 242

• pilosa 291

praetermissa. '. 316

» pruinata 340

• pubera 313

pubera f . vUlosa 313

• Ravenelii 269

rhodella 254

rhodochroa 254

rimosissima 341

i Roumeguerii 270

Sacchari 328

• Sambuci 233

• sanguinea 274

. separans 332

Page

septocystidia 260

- serialis 318

» Seymouriana 337

Sheari 268

, similis 336

• sordida 280

stratosa 333

> subalutacea 288

. subapiculata 280

« subcremea 303

subiculosa 259

. subsulphurea 329

■ sulphurina 324

■ tabacina 334

■ Tazodii 306

tenella 298

tenuis 317

tephra 339

' terricola 237

. tezana 251

Thujae 236

typhicola 319

unicolor 320

• velutina 264

. vernicosa 250

i versata 305

« verticillata 285

i violaceo-livida 347

,viticola 322

*Weiri 342

• zonata 245

Th.

kmer ca. XV

Corticium

s Missouri E
September, L

THE THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV1
(Conclusion, With Supplement and General Index)

EDWARD ANGUS BURT 4

Mycologist and Librarian to the Missouri Botanical Garden
CORTICIUM

Cortidum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Rot. 1: 110. 1794;
Obs. Myc. 1: 37. 1796; Fries, Gen. Hym. 15. 1836; Epicr.
556. 1838; Hym. Eur. 646. 1874; Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung.
272. 1860; Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 198.
1888; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 603. 1888; Karsten, Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur oeh Folk 48: 408. 1889; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 117. 1890; Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 2: 110.
1897 ; Ann. Myc. 1 : 93. 1903 ; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf am.
(I: 1**): 118. 1898; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27:
224. 1911; Rea, Brit. Basid. 14, 672. 1922.— Includes Gloeo-
cystidium v. Hohnel & Litschauer, Weisner Festschr. Wien, 58.
1908, and Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 354. 1913.
— Not Gloeocystidium Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och
Folk 48: 429. 1889. See Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 12: 247.
1926. — Includes Vararia Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur
och Folk 52: 96. 1898; Asterostromella v. Hohnel & Litschauer,
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 773. 1907; Weisner
Festschr. Wien, 58. 1908; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui.
27: 265. 1911. — Includes Xerocarpus and Lyomyces of Karsten,
Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 48: 417, 418. 1889.—
Includes in part Hypochnus Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 653. 1888, and
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. (I: 1**): 116. 1898— Not
Hypochnus Fries emend. Karsten, Rev. Myc. 39: 23. 1881.
See Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 3: 203. 1916.

1 Issued September 20, 1926.
Ann. Mo. Bot. Gakd., Vol. 13, 1926 (173)

[Vol. 13
174 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications waxy, crustaceous or floccose, fleshy, cartilagin-
ous, coriaceous or membranaceous, always resupinate, effused;
hymenium even, or somewhat tubercular in a few species ; basidia
simple with 2-8 sterigmata, usually 4, the sterigmata not greatly
thickened ; basidiospores white, even — green in C. atrovirens; sub-
stance variously differentiated but not containing colored, stellate
organs. Distinguished from Peniophora by not having cystidia.

The species described as belonging in Corticium upon publica-
tion of the genus are Corticium polygonium, C. laeve, C. roseum,
C. Sambuci, C. cinereum, and C. aurantium, in the order given,
no one of which was designated as the type species. C. Sambuci
and C. cinereum are now included in Peniophora and C. aurantium
in Aleurodiscus.

Von Hohnel and Litschauer and Bourdot and Galzin have
segregated under Gloeocystidium Karsten all species of Corticium
which have gloeocystidia. I have not followed them in this,
because I regard gloeocystidia as but one of the several differ-
entiations of tissue which afford helpful distinctive characters
for recognition of the species of this genus. In fact, I feel that
closer observation of the tissues and structure of the fructification
and accurate record of such structure should give important, and
often decisive, characters of all the species. My own study has
already gone so far in this direction that I attach but slight regard
to a specific determination which is based merely upon obvious
external characters and the substratum upon which growing. A
sufficient objection to Gloeocystidium for the species which have
gloeocystidia is that one of the two species upon which Karsten
founded the genus is Peniophora guttulifera, a true Peniophora
with no gloeocystidia whatever, and the other is Odontia sudans.

Asterostromella as a genus to include Corticium investiens, a
species with helpful hyphal differentiation, is antedated by
Karsten's Vararia, having C. investiens as its type species.

What was shown in the preceding part about the distribution of
our species of Peniophora is true also for Corticium. Of the 107
species of Corticium herein presented, 46 are described as new
species. The color of the exterior of the fructification and of its
internal substance and the presence of tissues of somewhat un-
usual form have afforded a basis for the arrangement of our

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. XV 175

species into 4 workable groups nearly equal in numbers, as
presented in the following key to the species. Each of these
groups is subdivided to such degree as seems desirable — largely
by spore characters — into minor groups of so few species that the
characters of the component species of any group may, and should,
all be considered in determining the probable species of the speci-
men in course of identification. The extensive lists of speci-
mens studied, with their localities where collected, and present
preservation in published exsiccati and herbaria, afford material
for checking up one's own determinations. Determinations as
published should correct earlier tentative determinations com-
municated to my correspondents.

Throughout this work technical color terms are those of Ridg-
way's ' Color Standards and Nomenclature/ There was little
knowledge available as to the color of specimens when growing,
but since the time-consuming task of determination is usually
with dried specimens collected many years ago and often more or
less faded or yellowed, my record of the color of the dried speci-
mens should be the more helpful to the chief users of this work.

Accounts of the species of the genera Tremellodendron, Etch-
leriella, Sebacina and Septobasidium were included to set off more
sharply the true Thelephoraceae to which the species of these four
genera are so similar in aspect that they were commonly known
under their original names as species of Thelephoraceae. By
treating these genera and Lachnocladium in the present work, the
student had at hand a systematic account of all North American
fungi of thelephoraceous aspect. The matter on those genera
could otherwise have been included in my recent publications:
'Some North American Tremellaceae, Dacryomycetaceae and
Auriculariaceae ' and 'North American species of Clavaria.'

To all whose names have been recorded as collectors and con-
tributors of specimens and to botanical institutions whose speci-
mens are cited and which have afforded me facilities for the study
of their herbaria I am deeply indebted. Without their aid but
little could have been done.

[Vol. 13

176 annals of the missouri botanical garden

Key to the Species

I. Substance not appreciably colored, no gloeocystidia.

1. Hymenium white or whitish when growing 1-28

*With antler-shaped paraphyses or color change from yellow to

white in fruiting 1,2

**Spores globose or subglobose.

a. Imbedded spores (chlamydospores) usually present 8, 4

b. Imbedded spores not yet observed 5-9

***Spores more elongated.

a. Spores large, more than 6 n long 10, 11,88

b. Spores small, hyphae incrusted or among obscuring mineral

matter 12-16

c. Spores small, hyphae not incrusted 15-28

2. Hymenium colored when dry and not known to be white at first —

usually some shade of buff, yellow, red, brown or blue 24-56

*Spore8 globose or subglobose, less than 5 n in diameter 24-26

**Spores globose or subglobose, more than 5 m in diameter 27-29

***Spores more elongated.

a. Spores very large, 10-18 n long 30, 31

b. Spores large, 6-12 n long 32-44, 90

c. Spores small, hyphae somewhat incrusted 12, 45-48

d. Spores small, hyphae not incrusted, fructifications separable. 49

e. Spores small, hyphae not incrusted, fructifications closely

adnate or only small pieces separable 50-56

II. Gloeocystidia present or structure vesicular, or some tissue note-

worthy, substance colored or not colored.
*Gloeocystidia present or shown by vesicular structure or by colored,

resinous-appearing masses 57-86, 107

a. Gloeocystidia not colored, elongated, imbedded spores nu-

merous .' 57-58

b. Gloeocystidia not colored, elongated, lacking chlamydospores.

fSpores globose, subglobose or broadly ovoid 59-66

tfSpores more elongated 66-71, 79

c. Gloeocystidia not colored, pyriform to globose 72-79

d. Gloeocystidia colored, elongated 80-83

e. Gloeocystidia colored, subangular or globose, resinous-ap-

pearing 66, 84-86

**Distingui8hed by antler-shaped branching of some hyphae or para-
physes, or other branching of paraphyses, or unusual form of other

tissues 1, 17,23, 29, 36, 88-40, 60, 72, 76, 80, 87, 88, 92-94, 107

***Numerous imbedded spores or other than basidiospores . . . ,31 4t H, 37, 57, 58

****Spores green, even 105

*****Spores usually white but finally becoming ochraceous 84

III. Substance colored, no gloeocystidia 87-106

*Fructifications ranging from gray to drab.

a. With paraphyses having slender branches, spores small 87, 88

b. Paraphyses not noteworthy, spores larger, 7-10 n long 89-91

**Fructifications ochraceous to wax-yellow and red.

1926)

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. VX 177

a. With some hyphae or paraphyses having antler-shaped or

racemose branching 92-94

b. Tissues not having antler-shaped or racemose branching 2, 95-99

***Fructifications darker, tending to brown and vinaceous.

a. Parasitic species 100-102

b. Always saprophytic 108, 104

****Fructifications green or blue 105, 106

1. Corticium paraphysatum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, closely adnate, white to pale
cartridge-buff in the herbarium, even, velutinous, not shining,
not cracked, the margin similar, thinning out; in section 45-75 \k
thick, not colored, composed of somewhat scattered, deeply
staining, clavate organs — probably basidia — immersed among
great numbers of slender, erect, non-staining, branching organs
which approach antler-form in branching and form the layer of
paraphyses at the surface of the hymenium; no gloeocystidia; no
basidia bearing sterigmata nor spores found.

Fructifications 1-5 cm. long, Yir^Yi cm. wide. Small fructi-
fications become confluent.

Beneath prostrate, decaying, hardwood limbs of a frondose
species. Cuba. Still immature in December.

Although the specimens at hand of C. paraphysalum are still so
immature that it has not been possible to demonstrate their
mature basidia and spores, the species is distinct from others of
the genera Aleurodiscus, Sebacina, and Corticium which are
known to me. It should be readily recognizable by its thin,
closely adnate, white fructifications on small hardwood limbs and
by the abundance of the non-staining paraphyses.

Specimens examined :
Cuba: Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2848, type, and 2776, 2800 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63769, 63768, and 63770 respectively),

and 2586) Omaja, C, J. Humphrey, 2698 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43063).

2. C. sulphureum Fries, Epicr. 561. 1838; Hym. Eur. 650.
1874; Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. 274. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 612. 1888.

Thelephora sulphurea Fries, Syst. Mcy. 1 : 452. 1821 ; Elenchus

[Vol.13
178 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fung. 1 : 204. 1828. — Corticium croceum Bresadola, I. R. Accad.
Agiati Atti III. 3: 112. 1897; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 27: 242. 1911; Rea, Brit. Basid. 676. 1922.— An Sporo-
trichum croceum Kunze & Schmidt, Myk. Heft. 1: 81. 1817? —
Not Corticium sulphureum Persoon, which is a synonym of
Hypochnus fumosus Fries. See Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 3 :
239. 1916.

Type: authentic specimen in Kew Herb.

Fructifications effused, fibrillose-byssoid, sulphur-yellow to
wax-yellow when a sterile mycelium, becoming whitish through-
out when forming the hymenium, the margin yellow or whitish,
running out into sulphur-yellow to wax-yellow branching rhizo-
morphic strands; when fertile 200-300 \l thick in section, not
appreciably colored, the hyphae loosely arranged, ascending,
branching, 2J^ \i in diameter, rough-walled or somewhat in-
crusted with small crystals; no gloeocystidia ; spores hyaline,
even, 3x2(i, copious.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide.

Under side of decaying Fagus and other species. Europe,
Maryland, Missouri, Montana, and Idaho. Common in Europe
but rare in North America. August to October.

The mycelium of C. sulphureum is conspicuous by its brilliant
wax-yellow color, but in fruiting this yellow color is lost through-
out the fructification, persisting only about the margin and in
the rhizomorphic strands. By this curious character and by the
pruinose or velvety hymenium one may distinguish C. sulphureum
from C. bicolor. The International Botanical Rules afford no
ground for the displacement by Bresadola of the well-established
name Corticium sulphureum by C. croceum.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: authentic specimen from E. Fries (in Kew Herb.);

Femsjo, E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings; Stockholm, L. Romell, 151,

152.
Germany: Brinkmann, comm. by G. Bresadola.
Austria : Innsbruck, V. Litschauer; Tirol, V. Litschauer.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1069.
Missouri: Meramec Highlands, F. P. McWhorter (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57359).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 179

Montana: Bernice, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12008 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63368).
Idaho: Priest River, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12021

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63376).

3. C. punctulatum Cooke, Grevillea 6: 132. 1878; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 614. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 129.
1890.

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 128.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, somewhat hypochnoid,
only fragments separable, white at first, becoming between pink-
ish buff and cream-color in the herbarium, punctulate at first, at
length even and continuous in spots, fibrillose, the margin thin-
ning out, concolorous, indeterminate; in section about 135 [l
thick, not colored, with hyphae loosely interwoven, 4-43^ u- in
diameter, not incrusted, occasionally nodose-septate; no gloeo-
cystidia; spores imbedded in all regions of the fructification are
probably chlamydospores; basidia bearing sterigmata or spores
not demonstrated; spores at surface of hymenium hyaline, even,
< perhaps becoming minutely rough, 6 X 4J^-5 [l, copious.

Fructifications up to 6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On rotten pine logs and on small splinters and rubbish con-
solidated by the mycelium. New Jersey and South Carolina.

The punctulate hymenium of C. punctulatum is distinctive in
the several specimens from the original collection now in three
herbaria; the presence of imbedded spores in all regions of the
fructification should prove another helpful character for the recog-
nition of this species.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Am., 128.
New Jersey: Belleplain, C. L. Shear, 1248.
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, 2334, type (in Kew Herb.

and in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 128).

4. C. venereum Ellis & Cragin, Jour. Myc. 1: 58. 1885; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 615. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 137.
1890; Wakefield, Brit. Myc. Soc. Trans. 5: 128. 1914.

Corticium Bresadolae Bourdot, Rev. Sci. Bourb. 23: 6. 1910;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 233. 1911.

[Vol. 13
180 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications widely effused, adnate, rather thick, tender,
small pieces separable when moistened, white, cream-buff or
pinkish buff, even, pulverulent or waxy, rarely cracked, the
margin white, byssoid; in section 200-500 \l thick, not colored,
composed of loosely interwoven, thin-walled, nodose-septate
hyphae 3-5 y. in diameter and usually numerous chlamydospores ;
no gloeocystidia; basidiospores white in spore collection, even,
subglobose, 5-7 X 4J^-6 y.; chlamydospores of about the same
dimensions.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. in diameter.

On bark and wood of frondose species decaying on the ground.
In Europe, from Canada to Texas, westward to British Columbia
and California, and in Mexico and Japan. July to March.
Common.

C. vellereum is distinguished among our species of Corticium by
the presence usually of very numerous chlamydospores and by
the absence of gloeocystidia. This is true of C. punctulatum, but
the latter is more hypochnoid in surface and occurs on pine.

Specimens examined:
Sweden : L. Romelly 4®4>
France: St. Priest, H. B our dot , 15749, authentic specimen of

C. Bresadolae.
England: Winchester, F. Escombe, comm. by E. M. Wakefield

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4038).
Canada: J. Macoun, 652, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7457); Ottawa, J. Macoun, 8, 43, 180, and 281

(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57455);

St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 25.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, E. A. Burt.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt; Abby Pond, Ripton, E. A.

Burt.
Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow.
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59689); Hudson Falls, S. H. Burnham,

13 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44004); Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

22971; Jordan, E. Brown, 179 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61451); Van Cortland Park, New York

1926J

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 181

City, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 61429) ; Westport, C. H. Peck, 2 (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb., T 24, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56070).
Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts, J+811 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56125).
Georgia: Savannah, C. J. Humphrey, 5109 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 11953).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, 115 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61561).
Texas: Quitman, W. H. Long, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2545

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9920).
Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3738, 3825; Linwood, C. G. Lloyd, 1880.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 11, 16.
Wisconsin: Superior, C. J. Humphrey, 1548 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 10744).
Illinois: River Forest, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 627, 629.
Missouri: Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 58345) ; St. Louis, S. M. Zeller (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55642); Valley Park, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44074).
Kansas: Rooks County, E. Bartholomew, 2 specimens under the

herbarium name C. globiferum (in Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 4848, 4849) ; Strong City, G. G. Hedgcock, comm.

by C. J. Humphrey, 2541 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11043);

Topeka, F. W. Cragin, 560, type, 583 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.).
South Dakota: Black Hills, J. R. Weir, 10014 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55795).
Idaho: Priest River, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11633

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63306).
Manitoba: Winnipeg, A. H. R. Butler, 720, 845 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 58984, 58993); G. R. Bisby, 1341, 1347 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 60550, 60557).
British Columbia: G. M. Dawson, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44690).
California: Berkeley, W. T. Home, comm. by W. A. Setchell,

1031 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44239).
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E.L. Murrill, 361, 371, comm. by

[Vol. 13
182 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54464,
54459); Parral, Chihuahua, E. 0. Mathews, 19 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 44127).
Japan: Kogura Prov., Kozuka, A. Yasuda, 154 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 62956).

5. C. granulare Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 10: 187. 1923.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructification effused, adnate, snow-white, pulverulent under
a lens, very thin, only 15-30 \l thick, not bearing a continuous
hymenium but consisting of bushy branched, suberect hyphal
clusters standing out from the substratum and near together,
with their main trunks up to 6 [x in diameter and short-celled;
no cyrfcidia nor gloeocystidia; basidia simple, 15 X 4J^ ix, with
4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 4-43^
X 3-4 (i, copious.

Fructifications scattered along the substratum, 1-3 cm. long,
4-8 mm. wide.

On dead herbaceous stems. Hawaiian Islands, F. L. Stevens,
881, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 60603).

6. C. ermineum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, closely adnate, white, not shining,
not cracked, the margin similar, thinning out, fimbriate; in
section 200 \l thick, not colored, with some hyphae densely ar-
ranged along the substratum but becoming suberect and more
loosely arranged towards the hymenium, 3 \l in diameter, in-
crusted, not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline,
even, 7-9 X 5-6 \l, copious.

Fructifications up to 12 cm. long, 3 cm. wide.

On decorticated, very rotten wood of logs of Thuja plicata and
spruce. Vermont and Idaho. August and October.

C. ermineum is distinct among our white species of Corticium
by its ermine- white color, well-incrusted hyphae, large spores and
occurrence on coniferous wood. C. amylaceum of France, of
which I have a cotype, is a related species but thinner, more
farinose, and less compact.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 183

Specimens examined :
Vermont : Middlebury, E. A . Burt.
Idaho: Priest River, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12026,

type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63379).

7. C. Berkeleyi Cooke in Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
133. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 127. 1895.

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 225.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, membranaceous-arach-
noid, small pieces separable when moistened, whitish at first,
becoming light buff to pinkish buff in the herbarium, even or
minutely granular, not waxy nor shining, cracked, the margin
thinning out, with hyphae interwoven; in section 100-200 \l
thick, not colored, with hyphae nodose-septate, not incrusted,
4-5 \l in diameter along the substratum and sending out ascend-
ing, loosely arranged branches which become smaller and densely
arranged in the hymenium; no gloeocystidia; basidia 4-spored;
spores hyaline, even, subglobose and 4-8 X 4-6 \k, or globose and
4-6 (i in diameter.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. in diameter.

On bark and wood of conifers — usually pine. Canada to
Texas and in Michigan, Idaho, British Columbia, and New
Mexico. April to November. Infrequent.

C. Berkeleyi probably covers large areas on bark of pine logs.
It is white or very nearly white, with the hymenium barely con-
tinuous, spores globose or subglobose, and hyphae coarse and
mostly erect, like those of C. bombycinum but with not as thick
fructifications and a very inconspicuous margin in comparison
with C. bombycinum.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 934; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 225,

type distribution.
Canada: J. Macoun, 32; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun,

Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 35.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 9.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.

New York: Newtonville, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14854).

[Vol. 13
184 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

North Carolina: Chapel Hill, J, N. Couch, comm. by W. C. Coker,

4257 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57419).
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi,

934.
Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 225;

Savannah, C. J. Humphrey, 5109 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

11953).
Alabama: Montgomery County, R. P. Burke, 519 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57305).
Texas: Quitman, W. H. Long, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2545

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9920).
Michigan : Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 34-
Idaho: Kooskia, /. R. Weir, 397 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13544) ;

Priest River, J. R. Weir, 6360 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58449).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 478

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63274).
New Mexico: Cloudcroft, W. H. Long, 19523 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44767) ; Mogollen, G. G. Hedgcock & W. H. Long, comm.

by C. J. Humphrey, 2559 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9781).

8. C. arachnoideum Berkeley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 13:
345. pi 9, /. 3. 1844; Outl. Brit. Fung. 273. 1860; Berk. &
Curtis, Grevillea 2: 4. 1873; Fries, Hym. Eur. 649. 1874;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 611. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 135. 1890; Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 93. 1903.

Not probably C. arachnoideum as understood by v. Hohnel &
Litschauer, and Rea.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, arachnoid, tender, snow-white,
forming an even hymenial pellicle in the older, more central por-
tions, supported on the loosely arranged arachnoid subiculum
which protrudes as a sterile, delicate, web-like margin ; in section
100-200 (x thick, not colored, with hyphae very loosely inter-
woven, 3-4 (x in diameter, nodose-septate, not incrusted; no
gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, globose, or subglobose, 4-6 yi
in diameter or 6 X 5 [l, 5 X 4 y., 4-4J/£ X 3-4 p.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On humus of leaf fragments and decaying wood, running over

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 185

mosses and lichens and on rotten wood. Rare in Europe, com-
mon in North America from Canada to Louisiana and westward
to the Pacific, in the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands. May
to November.

C. arachnoideum is globose-spored and separated from C.
lacteum by white color, more arachnoid subiculum, and thinner
and less compact hymenium. C. centrifugum, which is common
in Europe and infrequent in North America, has narrower spores
than C. arachnoideum , is less arachnoid, more inclined to ashy
white color, more widely effused, and on decaying wood preferably.
Our American specimens of C. arachnoideum agree perfectly with
those of Berkeley in Kew and with the Berkeley & Curtis speci-
mens also determined by Berkeley.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 103; Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 411; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 918.
Sweden: L. Romell, 77; Stockholm, L. Romell, 161.
England: on moss, 437, authentic specimen, perhaps type, M. J.

Berkeley (in Kew Herb.).
Scotland: Glamis, /. Stevenson (in Berkeley Herb, of Kew Herb.).
Germany : Westphalia, W. Brinkmann, comm. by Bresadola, and

in Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 103 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63441).
Austria: Stubai, Tirol, V. Litschauer, under the name Corticium

centrifugum var. macrosporum.
Canada: J. Macoun, 47, 63; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J.

Macoun, 12, 64, 89; London, Ontario, J. Dearness, 11 46 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 18762); Ottawa, J. Macoun, 400.
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 1014 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 4813).
Massachusetts: Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow,

and 135, comm. by Farlow Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

59626).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 4 gatherings.
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57509); Bolton, C. H. Peck, 17; Bolton

Landing, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55769); East Galway, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, G. F.

[Vol. 13
186 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Atkinson, 2125, 8054, 8240, 14$56; H. S. Jackson, 18658; C.

Thorn, 14367; Karner, H. D. House, comm. by N. Y. State Mus.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55193).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 411,

Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 918, and 1374, comm. by W. G. Farlow

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14652).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1029, 1105.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4325; Chapel

Hill, /. N. Couch, comm. by W. C. Coker, 4235a (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57418).
South Carolina: M. A. Curtis, 2513 (in Farlow Herb.).
Mississippi: Ocean Springs, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61482).
Louisiana: Plaqueminas County, A. B. Langlois, 998.
Illinois: Riverside, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 738.
Montana: Hecla, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11408 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63264); Missoula, J. R. Weir, 402 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11256); Rock Hill, J. R. Weir, 11963

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63224); Yellow Bay, J. A. Hughes,

comm. by J. R. Weir, 7035 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55466).
Idaho: Coolin, /. R. Weir, 11540 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63295) ; Ruby Creek, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12009

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63369); Sandpoint, E. E. Hubert,

comm. by J. R. Weir, 12024 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63377).
Manitoba: Norway House, G. R. Bisby, 1465 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57912).
Washington: Falcon Valley, W. N. Suksdorf, 725; Mt. Paddo,

W. N. Suksdorf, 734; Sedro-Woolley, C. J. Humphrey, 1045 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10901).
Oregon: Wallowa Lake, C. L. Shear, 798.

California: Redding, C. J. Humphrey, 1045; Santa Catalina Is-
land, L. W. Nuttall, 1092 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58871).
Cuba: San Diego de los Banos, Earle & Murrill, 361, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 6557 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55080).
Hawaiian Islands: F. L. Stevens, 964 (in Stevens Herb., Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 60602, and Burt Herb.).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 187

9. C. portentosum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 2: 3. 1873;
Morgan, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 10: 201. 1888; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 636. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 129..
1890; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 235. 1911.

Corticium diminuens Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 2: 3. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 631. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 158. 1890. — Stereum portentosum (Berk. & Curtis) v. Hohnel
& Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 743. 1907.
— Corticium portentosum crystallophorum Ell. & Ev. Torr. Bot.
Club Bui. 24: 125. 1897. — Corticium Aluta Bresadola in v.
Hohnel & Litschauer, Wiesner Festschr. Wien, 62. 1908. — An
Corticium grammicum P. Hennings, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 38: 106.
1905? Compare v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien
Sitzungsber. 116: 743. 1907.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications long and widely effused, thick, coriaceous-soft,
small pieces separable when moistened, white, becoming light
buff to warm buff in the herbarium, even, only rarely cracked,
the margin often whitish, pubescent- villose; in section 150-
1000 [k thick, colored like the hymenium, becoming zonate or
stratose when thick, composed of very densely interwoven, tough
hyphae about 1-2 \l in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-
septate, protruding in the hymenial surface as curved paraphyses;
more or less numerous aggregations of mineral matter may be
immersed in the substance; no gloeocystidia; basidia few; spores
hyaline, even, spherical, 4^-7 \l in diameter, few present usually.

Fructifications 4-12 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of logs of frondose species. In Europe,
South Africa, throughout North America and the West Indies,
in South America, and in the Philippine Islands. Common.

C. portentosum is well named and may be recognized by its
large, whitish, coriaceous fructifications on frondose logs, which
become zonate within in thick specimens, and have globose spores
6 [i in diameter, and the slender branches of the interwoven
hyphae exceeding the basidia and forming the hymenial surface.
This species was formerly confused in Europe with Stereum
alneum and was communicated to me under this name by both
Karsten and Bresadola. It also occurs from Lindblad in Kew

[Vol. 13
188 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Herb, and from Blytt in Fries Herb, under the name of Sterewn
odoratum, from another specimen of which, determined by E.
Fries, it differs by the elongated spores and occurrence on Pinus
of the latter.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 718; Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

1715; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 31; de Thuemen, Myc. Univ.,

2013, under the name Corticium radiosum.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thuemen, Myc. Univ.,

2013; Vasa, P. A. Karsten, under the name Stereum alneum.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 26, 159, both under the name

Stereum alneum.
Germany: Feldkirch, Rick, comm. by Bresadola, under the name

Stereum alneum.
Hungary: Kmet, comm. by Bresadola, under the name Stereum

odoratum.
Italy: locality not stated, Bresadola, comm. under the name

Stereum alneum; Trent o, Bresadola.
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 14990, comm. by H. Bourdot, 15750.
Canada: Ontario, London, J. Dearness, 1287 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 19057).
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 3406; Poughkeepsie, W. R.

Gerard, 816 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 61385).
Pennsylvania: Michener, type (in Kew Herb., and Curtis Herb.,

3620); West Chester, Everhart, Haines, Jefferis & Gray, in

Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 718.
Florida: W. W. Calkins, in Ell. & Ev. N. Am. Fungi, 718, and (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61488, and

Burt Herb.) ; H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44202) ;

Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 99 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

43926); Cutler Hammock, W. A. Murrill, 76, 252, 253, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62101,

62129, and 62128, respectively) ; Miami, W. H. Long, 12290 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55051); Palm Beach, R. Thaxter, 15

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43928).
Alabama: Peters, type distribution of Corticium diminuens, in

Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 31, and (in Curtis Herb., 4009); Mont-

1926)

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 189

gomery County, R. P. Burke, 4$4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
57285).

Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, 244, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.;
St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 1762, 2098, and 1247, comm. by
W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44075), and 2438,
type of Cortidum portentosum crystallophorum.

Texas: San Antonio, W. H. Long, 21187 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55132); Uvalde, W. H. Long, 21686 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55133).

Kentucky: Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd, 2568.

Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan (in Lloyd Herb., 2604, and under
the name Cortidum subgiganteum) ; Loveland, D. L. James (in
U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.); West Elkton, L. 0. Overholts, 4208 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55637); Waynesville, F. G. Lea, the
C. ochraceum of Lea's Cat. Plants of Ohio (in Berkeley Herb, at
Kew).

Indiana: Scottsburg, J. R. Weir, 369 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
17771); Weirtown, J. R. Weir, 353 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
9933).

Wisconsin: Lake Geneva, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 848; Star Lake,
Miss Stucki, 56.

Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 569.

British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 24, 37, 86, 88, 105, 165 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5685, 55348, 8109, 11350, 55349, 20477);
Squamish, J. Macoun, 537, 570 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55192, 55185) ; Vancouver Island, J. Macoun, 144, 295, 537 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18865, 55320, 55319). .

Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 115,191, 346, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10854,
54437, 54481); Orizaba, W.A.&E.L. Murrill, 750, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54636).

Bermuda: Paget Swamp, H. H. Whetzel, Abf (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 58910).

Cuba: Baracoa, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle, 784, comm. by
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61556);
Camaguey (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56123) ; Havana Province,
Earle & Murrill, 24, 103, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;
Omaja, C. J. Humphrey, 2709, 2830 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

[Vol. 13
190 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

13740, 14847); Oriente, comm. by J. R. Weir 10617 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56235); Pinar del Rio Province, Earle &
Murrill, 196, 201, 208, 295, 312, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., P. Wilson, 11570, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61494); Puerto Principe Province,
Earle & Murrill, 582, 602, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.;
Santiago de Cuba Province, Earle & Murrill, 460, 467, comm.
by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Porto Rico: Ponce, F. S. Earle, 117; Rio Piedras, J. R. Johnston,
982, 982a, 972a (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9849, 61355, 61356),
/. A. Stevenson, 3597, 5158 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 12720,
6807) ; Utuado, N. L. Button & J. F. Cowell, 999 (in N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61492).

Jamaica: W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 40, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56288); Castleton Gardens
and Chester Vale, W. A. & E.L. Murrill, 52, 314, respectively,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Hope Gardens, F. S. Earle,
178, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Montserrat : Roches, J. A. Shafer, 915 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61473).

Argentina: R. Fries, 138, comm. by L. Romell, 333.

Philippine Islands: comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 11215 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 58688).

Africa: Natal, Durban, P. A. van der Bijl, 2, 36 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 58800, 58834) ; Unkomaas, P. A. van der Bijl, 1151
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62079).

10. C. bombycinum (Sommerf.) Bresadola, I. R. Accad.
Agiati Atti III. 3: 111. 1897; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 27: 233. 1911; Wakefield & Pearson, Brit. Myc. Soc.
Trans. 6: 138. textf. 1919; Rea, Brit. Basid. 674. 1922.

Thelephora bombycina Sommerf elt, Fl. Lapp. Suppl. 284. 1826;
Fries, Elench. Fung. 1: 211. 1828.

Type: in Sommerf elt Herb., in Univ. of Christiania Herb., a
fragment in Burt Herb. «

Fructifications irregularly effused, thick, membranaceous-soft,
pieces separable, at first white, becoming pinkish buff to cream-
buff in the herbarium, even or varying rough to a hydnoid sur-

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OP NORTH AMERICA. XV 191

face, somewhat cracked, the margin and subiculum floccose to
fibrillose and sometimes hirsute; in section 200-1000 ji thick,
with the hyphae suberect, loosely interwoven, thick-walled,
4-5 [l in diameter, nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia ; spores
hyaline, even, 6-10 X 5-6 p.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide.
On bark of living and dead Salix and Alnus usually, but also on
Betula, Acer, Tilia, Populus, and Pinus. In Europe and from
Canada to Massachusetts and westward to Washington and
Arizona, and in Texas. July to March. Uncommon.

C. bombycinum is a thick species with description somewhat
suggestive of C. cremoricolor, but it does not crack radially, and
tend to brown color like the latter, is more spongy and with more
pelliculose hymenium and with a broader, thicker, and very
conspicuous margin, and favors Salix as a substratum.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 11; Jaczewski, Fungi
Rossiae, 232, under the name Hypochnus Sambuci; Romell,
Fungi Scand., 35, under the name Corticium serum.
Norway: Saltd, Sommerfelt, fragment of type comm. by L. Ro-
mell.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 63, 64, 65, 201, 344, and in Romell,
Fungi Scand., 35; Upsala, L. Romell, two unnumbered speci-
mens.
Russia : in Jaczewski, Fungi Rossiae, 232.
Germany: Lengerich, in Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 11.
Austria: Feldkirch, Rick, comm. by Bresadola.
Canada: J. Macoun, 56, 60, in part, 157; Lower St. Lawrence

Valley, J. Macoun, 30.
Ontario: Port Credit and Toronto, J. H. Fault, 655 and 380,

respectively (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44943, 44948).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.

Massachusetts : on beams in cotton mill, R. J. Blair, 248, in part,
comm. by L. O. Overholts, 3812a (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54995).
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1317; Clear Water, G. F.
Atkinson, 5050; East Gal way, E. A. Burt; Hudson Falls, S. H.
Burnham, 14 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44007) ; Kenwood, S. H.

(Vol. 13
192 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Burnham, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56048).
Texas: Quitman, W. H. Long, 12092 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61343).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 18.
Minnesota: Princeton, C. J. Humphrey, 1030 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 21779).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 905, 915.
Arizona: Flagstaff, W. H. Long, 19449 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55141).

11. C. sociatum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, small, closely adnate, very thin, white,
becoming continuous and somewhat waxy at the center, even,
barely cracked, the margin thinning out, with hyphae interwoven;
in section 70-90 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae loosely
interwoven near the substratum, 3 \l in diameter, not incrusted,
not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata;
spores hyaline, even, 10}^-12 x 5-6 [*., copious; a few imbedded
spores present.

Fructifications 2-10 mm. long, 1-3 mm. wide — 24 on an area
9 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

On bark of decaying logs of Thuja plicata. Manitoba and
British Columbia. August.

C. sociatum is a white species belonging in the group with C.
arachnoideum, C. centrifugum, and C. pelliculare but distinct by
the many small fructifications arranged near together, large
spores, and hyphae neither nodose-septate nor incrusted.

Specimens examined:
Manitoba: Norway House, G. R. Bisby, 1466 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 61649).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts. near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 529,

type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21596).

12. C. scutellare Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 2: 4. 1873; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 634. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 128.
1890.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 193

Type: in Kew Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications long and widely effused, thin, adnate, from white
becoming cream-buff to warm buff in the herbarium, waxy, often
granular, finally very much cracked into minute areolae, 1-3 to
a mm., which flake away from the substratum— sometimes leaving
some of the white subiculum on the latter, the margin thinning
out; in section 120-250 y. thick, not colored, composed of sub-
erect, interwoven, thin-walled hyphae 23^-3}^ (x in diameter,
incrusted in the subhymenial region so as to form a conspicuous
subhymenial zone of mineral matter; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia;
spores hyaline, even, 4-6 X 2-3 \l.

Fructifications 2-8 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On fallen decaying limbs of frondose species. New York to
Louisiana and westward to Kansas, in the West Indies, Japan,
and South Africa. June to January. Common in the southern
states.

C. scutellare, when fully mature in the southern states, may be
recognized at sight by the very numerous areolae wholly separ-
ated from one another by fissures, but less mature and more
northern specimens may be cracked into more rectangular masses
up to 2 cm. in diameter and more or less connected together. In
such specimens the subhymenial zone of mineral matter is a
helpful character, for this zone is constant and conspicuous when
sections are examined and, together with the small spores, afford
sharp distinctive characters.

Specimens examined:
New York: Albany County, S. H, Burnham, 29 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54484); Alcove, C. L. Shear, 998; Fort Ann, S. H.

Burnham, 43, in part (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54453) ; Hudson

Falls, S. H. Burnham, 16, 85 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54499,

54451); Ithaca, H. S. Jackson, C. Thorn, comm. by Cornell

Univ. Herb., 18201 and 14371, respectively; Karner, H. D.

House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

54380), and C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

T6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54640); Meadowdale, C. H.

Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54640); North Elba, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55973); Port Jefferson,

[Vol. 13
194 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

C. H. Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55981).

New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 418, 2052, 2475, and 2 un-
numbered specimens comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 16061, 14255, 7657, 7456 and 44642, respectively).

Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, A. S. Rhoads, comm. by L. 0. Over-
holts, 2680 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5918) ; Trexlertown, W.
Herbst, 40.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, E. M. Williams (in N. Y.
State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55812).

Virginia: Chain Bridge, A. S. Rhoads, comm. by L. O. Overholts,
3968 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54985).

South Carolina: type (in Curtis Herb., 2473).

Georgia: Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by Farlow Herb.,
E (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44610).

Florida: Mr. Curtiss, comm. by W. G. Farlow.

Alabama: Auburn, Ala. Biol. Survey; Montgomery, R. P. Burke,
6, 84, 14S, 148, 239 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22316, 20508,
10673, 44907, 57104, respectively).

Mississippi: Ocean Springs, F. S. Earle, 183 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 4838).

Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, 134, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.;
St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, aa, 856, 2632, and a specimen
comm. by Lloyd Herb., 4128.

Kentucky: Mammoth Cave, C. G. Lloyd, 2562.

Indiana: Crawfordsville, D. Reddick, 9.

Illinois: Glencoe, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 821.

Missouri: Columbia, B. M. Duggar, 589.

Kansas: Rooks County, E. Bartholomew.

Jamaica: Chester Vale, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 290, 329, 341 ,
comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb. ; Hope Gardens, F. S. Earle,
192, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Monkey Hill, W.A.&
E. L. Murrill, 783, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; New
Haven Gap, W.A.&E.L. Murrill, 766, comm. by N. Y. Bot.
Gard. Herb.; St. Margaret's Bay, A. E. Wight, comm. by
W. G. Farlow, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44076).

Japan: Shinokubi, Prov. Harima, A. Yasuda, 6 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55664).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 195

Africa: Erhove, Zululand, P. A. van der Bijl, 26 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 58824); Houtbos, Transvaal, P. A. van der Bijl,
1482.

13. C. tuberculatum Karsten, Hedwigia 35:45. 1896; Krit.
Ofvers. Finl. Basidsv. Tillag 3: 29. 1898; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14:
221. 1899; v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitz-
ungsber. 115: 1561. 1906.

Type : authentic specimen or part of type in Burt Herb.

Fructifications orbicular or longitudinally effused, rather thick,
somewhat membranaceous, small pieces separable when moist-
ened, white at first, becoming light buff to warm buff in the her-
barium, somewhat colliculose or tuberculate, waxy, the margin
radiately fibrillose; in section 200-300 \l thick, not colored, with
the hyphae densely interwoven in a narrow layer next to the sub-
stratum and then ascending obliquely and not crowded to the
compact hymenial layer, 33^-4J^ {i in diameter, somewhat in-
crusted in the type, not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; spores
hyaline, even, 4-6 X 23^-3J^ \l, copious.

Pieces of fructification 2% cm. in diameter in the specimen
seen.

On bark and wood of fallen branches of Populus, Fraxinus, and
other frondose species. Finland, Pennsylvania to Wisconsin.
Rare.

C. tuberculatum approaches Radulum in having a middle layer
of loosely arranged, ascending hyphae and a somewhat colliculose
surface and some small tubercules in the authentic specimen com-
municated to me by Karsten and which agrees closely with his
description of the species. The general aspect somewhat re-
sembles that of Peniophora mutata. The American gatherings
cited below have a more even hymenium and hyphae not in-
crusted and are doubtfully referred to C. tuberculatum.

Specimens examined :
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, probably part of type.
Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 77.
Michigan: East Tower, J. R. Weir, 370 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

17074).
Wisconsin : Madison, A. 0. Stucki, 44, comm. by Univ. Wis. Herb.

\

[Vol. 13
196 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

14. C. crustaceum (Karsten) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K.
Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1566. 1906.

Xerocarpus crustaceus Karsten, Hedwigia 35: 45. 1896. —
Stereum crustaceum Karsten in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 215. 1899.

Type: in Karsten Herb, and Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, crustaceous-adnate, somewhat
grumose, not at all separable, white or whitish, even or somewhat
granular, conforming to inequalities of the substratum, somewhat
cracked; in section 40-100 y. thick, not colored, composed of
densely arranged hyphae 2 p. in diameter, not well shown, with
crystalline masses intermixed; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline,
even, 4J£-5 X 3 |x, copious.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On rough bark of Acer, Crataegus, Populus, Salix, Ulmus, and
Abies. Finland and Canada to Florida. July to November.
Probably common.

C. crustaceum is so similar in aspect to Peniophora Sambuci that
it is necessary to distinguish it from the latter by the microscopic
characters of sectional preparations. C. crustaceum has no
cystidia, has more densely arranged hyphae and a good deal of
obscuring crystalline matter intermixed.

Specimens examined:
Finland : Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen on Populus.
Canada: J. Macoun, 1, 2; St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 27,

49, 51.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55902), and 4.
Quebec: Hull, J. Macoun, 82.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1176.
Florida: Jacksonville, W. W. Calkins, comm. by Farlow Herb, (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44637).

15. C. pelliculare Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och
Folk 48: 411. 1889; Hedwigia 35: 46. 1896; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
9: 232. 1891; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 239.
1911. — Cf. v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitz-
ungsber. 115: 1556. 1906.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 197

Type : fragment of type and authentic specimen in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, membranaceous, tender,
small pieces separable, white when fresh, becoming ivory-yellow
to cream-buff in the herbarium, even, somewhat cracked and
showing a loose, cottony subiculum which extends out beyond the
hymenium as a fimbriate, white margin; in section 100-300 \l
thick, not colored, composed of loosely interwoven and ascending,
thin-walled hyphae 2}/£-3J^ \jl in diameter, sparingly nodose-
septate, rarely incrusted in the subhymenium; no gloeocystidia ;
spores hyaline, even, 4-6 X 2-3 [x.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On decaying limbs of both coniferous and frondose species.
In Europe and from New Hampshire to Pennsylvania, in Il-
linois, British Columbia to Mexico, and in Bermuda. June to
December. Infrequent.

P. pelliculare has delicate white to creamy fructifications dis-
tinguishable from those of C. lacteum by the small spores not at
all globose.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1607, under the name Cor-

ticium laeve.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, fragment of type comm. by

Karsten to Bresadola and by Bresadola to Romell and by

Romell to Burt.
Sweden: K. Starback, authentic specimen comm. by Karsten; L.

Romell, 319; Femsjo, E. A. Burt, two gatherings; Stockholm,

L. Romell, 298 A, 320.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, C37 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43968).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and

in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57490); Orient Point, R. Latham, 3

(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55700).
New Jersey: Belleplain, C. L. Shear, 1237; Newfield, /. B. Ellis,

in Ell. & Ev. Fungi Col., 1207.
Pennsylvania: Bear Meadows, L. 0. Overholts, 2890 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5717); Trexlertown, W. Herbst, Id.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 19.

[Vol. 13
198 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Illinois: Helleydayboro, C. J. Humphrey, 1351 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 59017) ; Port Byron, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 733.
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., Salmo, «/. R. Weir, 456 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13043); Sidney, /. Macoun, 11 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 5729).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 879, 919.
Arizona: Flagstaff, W. H. Long, 19491 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44738, 55135); First Valley Experiment Station, W. H. Long,

21119 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55136).
Mexico: Chihuahua, Parral, E. 0. Mathews, 2, 26 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44126, 44125) ; Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Mur-

rill, 418, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb. 54512).
Bermuda: on cornstalks, S. Brown, N. L. Britton & F. J. Seaver,
\248 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

^4809).

16. C. Auberianum Montagne in La Sagra, Hist, de Cuba 92:
226. 1845; Syll. Crypt. 178. 1856; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 616.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 135. 1890.

Type: part of type in Kew Herb.

Fructifications effused, orbicular at first, becoming longitu-
dinally elongated, adnate, very thin, white, floccose-farinaceous,
even, sometimes somewhat cracked, the margin thinning out,
floccose; in section 45-120 y. thick, not colored, composed of sub-
erect, branching, interwoven, thin-walled hyphae about 2 \i in
diameter, not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia ; no cystidia;
spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 4-5 X 2-3 [i.

Fructifications at first 2-10 mm. in diameter, finally up to 10
cm. long, 1 cm. broad.

On small decaying, fallen twigs of frondose species. Vermont
to Louisiana, and in the West Indies. August to March. Rare.

C. Auberianum may be recognized by its very thin, snow-white
fructifications having a farinose hymenial surface, small spores,
and slender, thin-walled hyphae throughout. No gloeocystidia
are present nor coarse hyphae near substratum. The occurrence
of several small fructifications near together when young is
characteristic. The hyphae are probably somewhat incrusted,
but this needs confirmation.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 199

Specimens examined :
Vermont: E. A. Burt, two gatherings.
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4330.
South Carolina: On Carya, Curtis Herb., 2497 (in Kew Herb.).
Georgia: Tallulah Falls, A. B. Seymour, comm. by Farlow Herb.,

DD (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44595).
Florida: Sands Key, R. A. Harper, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54537).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, Q, R.
Arkansas: Womble, W. H. Long, 19823, 19821, in part (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 8633, 17801).
Bermuda: Walsingham, H. H. Whetzel, Aat (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 58718).
Cuba: presumable part of type from Montagne to Berkeley (in

Kew Herb.) ; Managua, Earle & Murrill, 26, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb. ; San Antonio de los Banos, Havana Province,

Earle & Murrill, Ifi, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; San

Diego de los Banos, Havana Province, Earle & Murrill, 332,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; locality not stated, C. G.

Lloyd, 430 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55176).

17. C. galactinum (Fr.) Burt, in Moffatt, Chicago Acad.
Sci. Bui. 7:137. 1909.

Thelephora galactina Fries, R. Soc. Sci. Upsal. Acta III. 1 : 136.
1851; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 541. 1888; von Schrenk, Bot. Gaz.
34: 65. 1902. — An Corticium rigescens Berk. & Curtis in Cooke,
Grevillea20: 12. 1891?

Type : in Fries Herb, and Curtis Herb.

Fructifications long and broadly effused, becoming rather thick,
coriaceous-soft, closely adnate, small pieces separable, white to
cream-color, waxy, even, not cracked, the margin indeterminate,
thinning out, with the hyphae interwoven ; in section 200-1000 n
thick, not colored, composed of suberect, densely interwoven,
hyaline hyphae about 1-2 [l in diameter, not incrusted ; hq gloeo-
cystidia; curved ends of the hyphae or their branches form the
surface of the hymenium and are about J^-l y. in diameter; spores
white in spore collection, 4— 5J^ X 2-3 (x.

Fructifications 4-12 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide.

[Vol. 13
200 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On roots of living apple and blackberry plants, on the ground,
and broadly effused on rotting logs of frondose and coniferous
species. Canada to Texas and westward to the Pacific coast,
in West Indies and in Japan. Throughout the year. Common.

C. galactinum resembles C. portentosum in aspect but has a
more erect hyphal structure and is usually not at all stratose and
with substance not colored. Both species have a hymenial sur-
face composed of fine, curved hyphal branches, but the spores
of C. galactinum are smaller and ellipsoid and those of C. por-
tentosum spherical. The mycelium of C. galactinum was col-
lected as a parasitic root rot on the roots of young apple trees
and blackberry bushes and developed mature fructifications.
The collector's data on the type specimen of this species is "In
radicibus ad latera fossarum."

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 15, under the name Corticium

calceum.
Canada: J. Macoun, 26, 81, 111; Lower St. Lawrence Valley,

J. Macoun, 4, 9, 85, 88.
Ontario: Lake Rosseau, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 688, 640; Nixon,

J. Dearness, 1028 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22732); Ottawa,

J. Macoun, 56, 248, in part; Temagami, H. von Schrenk (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57053).
Maine: New Limerick, H. von Schrenk, 62 (in U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb, and Burt Herb.); Piscataquis County, W. A. Murrill,

1881 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61423,

and Burt Herb.).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 19544); North Conway, L. 0. Overholts, 4555, 4584 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55635, 55634).
Vermont: Grand View Mt., E. A. Burt; Little Notch, E. A. Burt;

Middlebury, E. A. Burt, five gatherings.
New York: Arkville, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61362, 61363); Cranberry Lake,

A. H.W. Povah, 772 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 3730); East

Galway, E. A. Burt; Floodwood, E. A. Burt, C. H. Peck, 12;

Forestburgh, C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56049); Freeville, G. F. Atkinson,

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 201

18186; Gansevoort, C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55982) ; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson,

2869, 4898; Jenkinsville, S. H. Burnham, 40 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54452); Karner, H. D. House, comm. by N. Y. State

Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55197); Lake Placid,

W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 270 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61578) ; North Elba, C. H. Peck, 12, and

(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 26, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54652); Oneida, H. D. House, comm. by N. Y. State Mus.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57414); Pompey, L. M.

Underwood, 25, 107, 357 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 61432, 61431, 61575); West Fort Ann, S. H.

Burnham, IS, in part (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54505) ; White

Plains, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 61574).
Pennsylvania: Mt. Gretna, E. A. Burt; State College, L. 0.

Overholts, 4711 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56116).
Virginia: Woodstock, C. L. Shear, 1195.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 4: 15,

on pine, and type (in Fries Herb., and Curtis Herb., 1601).
Florida: W. W. Calkins (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., and Burt

Herb.); Starke, C. L. Shear, 2904 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

15311); Tallahassee, E. Bartholomew, 5708 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44255).
Louisiana: Bogalusa, C. J. Humphrey, 5516; St. Martin ville,

A. B. Langlois, 607 (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb., and Burt Herb.),

1762, X. '
Texas: Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 268 (in U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.,

and Burt Herb.).
West Virginia: Eglon, C. G. Lloyd, 02643.
Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2604.
Illinois: on apple roots, H. von Schrenk; River Forest, E. T. &

S. A. Harper, 655.
Michigan: Mass, C. /. Humphrey, 1583 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

10743) ; Three Lakes, C. J. Humphrey, 1602 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 17883); Vermilion, A. H. W. Povah, 203 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 15326).
Missouri: Grandin, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

[Vol. 13
202 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

43022) ; St. Louis, on apple roots, H. von Schrenk, three gather-
ings.

Arkansas : on blackberry roots, G. M. Darrow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 63734) ; on apple roots, H. von Schrenk; Fordyce, C. J.
Humphrey, 5812; Womble, W. H. Long, 19816, 19838, 19864,
2110^ (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8958, 8634, 8635, 55144).

Colorado: Golden, L. 0. Overholts, 1745 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54874).

Montana: Como, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11959 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63316); Evaro, J. R. Weir, 487 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14387); Rexford, E. E. Hubert, comm.
by J. R. Weir, 11977 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63330).

Idaho: Coeur d'Alene, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12002
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63364); Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11504
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63285) ; Priest River, J. R. Weir, 15,
and 188, 846 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 12119, 7561), and E. E.
Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12025 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
63378) ; St. Maries, J. R. Weir, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2556
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 13030), and E. E. Hubert, comm. by
J. R. Weir, 11997 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63360).

Manitoba: Winnipeg, G. R. Bisby & I. L. Conner, 1102 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 59038).

British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 4b"7,
500, 508, 581, 542 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9122, 21631, 20270,
23118, 14254).

Washington: Chehalis, C. J. Humphrey, 6289 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 10751); Lake Wilderness, C. H. Kaufman, 17 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 4674); Renton, C. J. Humphrey, 6640;
Sedro Woolley, C. J. Humphrey, 7568 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 10775).

Cuba: Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2780 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
9083).

Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 1195, 3224 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 6949, 7734).

Japan: Hiroto-Mura, Prov. Awaji, A. Yasuda, 24 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55662); Mt. Mikuma, Prov. Awaji, A. Yasuda, 17
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55661).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 203

18. C. calceum Fries emend. Romell & Burt

C. calceum Fries, Epicr. 562. 1838, in part; Hym. Eur. 652.
1874, in part; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 622. 1888, in part.— The-
lephora calcea Fries var. glebulosa Fries, Elench. Fung. 2: 215.
1828. — Not Peniophora glebulosa Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 61
pi 170, f. 2. 1898.

Type: in Fries Herb, and a fragment in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, very thin, closely adnate, not
at all separable, floccose-membranaceous, white, sometimes be-
coming ivory-yellow in the herbarium, even, cracking to the sub-
stratum into small rectangular masses 1-4 to a mm., the margin
farinose; in section 100-200 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae
erect, densely crowded together and interwoven, somewhat con-
glutinate, short-celled, 1-1 H v- m diameter, sometimes with algal
cells imbedded; no gloeocystidia nor cystidia; spores hyaline,
even, 3-5}^ X 1^-2 n.
>A Fructifications 3-20 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide.

Under side of decaying rails of Pinus sylvestris and P. Strobusf
and on decaying wood of logs of P. monticola and Thuja. In
^ ' Sweden and from Vermont and New Jersey to Idaho and British
Columbia. July to November. Abundant when found.

Since C. calceum var. glebulosum is all that now remains under
C. calceum after the segregation under other names of all other
components, no confusion should result from the present proposed
restriction of the species C. calceum. It may be added that the
original description of C. calceum applies better to the emended
species than to any of the other components withdrawn. Bresa-
dola studied the Friesian type of Thelephora calcea var. glebulosa
and identified it with Peniophora glebulosa, sl species very common
throughout Europe. He shared a portion of his Friesian type
with me and accompanied it with notes on microscopic details in
which he stated, " Cystidia adsunt sed collapsa." However, no
cystidia are present in this fragment, nor in the type in Fries
Herb., nor in ample collections of the species made by Romell and
myself at the type station, Femsjo. I have not been able to
recognize this species in the extensive series of Corticiums re-
ceived from countries of Europe other than Sweden. Since the
species is widely distributed and abundant in northern United

[Vol. 13
204 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

States, it is possible that it is a North American endemic species
which became established in Sweden as an outlying station, com-
parable with cases of Stereum rufum, Stereum Murrayi, etc.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2807, under the name Cor-

ticium scutellare; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 104, under the name

Corticium scutellare.
Sweden: Femsjo, E. Fries, type of Thelephora calcea var. glebulosa

(in Fries Herb., and fragment in Burt Herb.), L. Romell, 185,

211, and Romell & Burt, two gatherings; Stockholm, L. Romell,

321, 322, 324, 325.
Canada: J. Macoun, 1, 34; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Ma-

court, 57.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, two gatherings.
New York: Bolton, C. H. Peck, 9; Clearwater, G. F. Atkinson,

5046; Floodwood, C. H. Peck, 11; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 941,*

22972; Schuylerville, C. H. Peck, 20.
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi,

2807, and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 104.
Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts, 4809 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56119).
Michigan: Mass, C. J. Humphrey, 1662 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

17607).
Wisconsin: Lake Glencoe, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 853.
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 40, 64, and 6350 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 58387).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 461,

463, 533 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9119, 12631, 20973).

19. C. vescum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, not at all
separable, from white to pale drab-gray in the herbarium, even,
not shining, not cracked, the margin thinning out, indeterminate;
in section 20-30 [i thick, not colored, very compact, composed of
very short, erect hyphae which terminate in basidia; no gloeo-
cystidia; spores hyaline, even, allantoid, 4J^ X Yr^ (*•

Fructifications up to 6 cm. long, 3 cm. wide.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 205

On decorticated pine limb completely decayed by a brittle,
brown rot. Maryland and Alabama. October.

C. vescum looks like a thin, whitish or somewhat cinereous wash
in water color on the surface of the weathered pine limb. No
interwoven hyphal structure is visible under a lens, for the short
basal hyphae start out vertically from the substratum and ter-
minate in basidia packed closely together in the hymenium.

Specimens examined:
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 961.
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 476, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57294).

20. C. incanum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, closely adnate, not separable,
becoming pearl-gray to mineral-gray in the herbarium, even,
waxy, not cracked, the margin thinning out, indeterminate; in
section 20-75 [l thick, not colored, composed of densely inter-
woven, hyaline hyphae 23^-3 [l in diameter, rarely nodose-sep-
tate, not incrusted; no gloeocystidia; basidia simple, with 4 short,
blunt sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, about 33^-4 X lJ^-3 \l.

Fructifications 4-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of dead Acer and other frondose limbs.
Canada to North Carolina. October and November.

C. incanum forms a thin, inseparable coating of mineral-gray
color over bark and wood of frondose species usually. The aspect
is so similar to that of common Peniophora cinerea that it is likely
to be passed by as the latter, if examination of microscopic
structure is not made.

Specimens examined :
Canada: J. Macoun, 36; Ottawa, /. Macoun, 32, 34-
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Karner, H. D. House, comm. by N. Y. State Mus.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54384). "
New Jersey: Belleplain, C. L. Shear, 1249, type.
North Carolina: Chapel Hill, /. N. Couch, 4225, comm. by W. C.

Coker, under the name C. ochraceo-niveum (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57412).

[Vol. 13
206 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

21. C. canum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, hypochnoid, tender, not separ-
able, whitish to pale pinkish buff in the herbarium, even, with
the hymenium fibrillose under a lens rather than in the form of a
continuous pellicle, the margin thinning out, arachnoid ; in section
100-180 \l thick, not colored, composed of lax, loosely interwoven
hyphae 2J^ \l in diameter, thin- walled, nodose-septate, not in-
crusted, bearing a more compact hymenium; no gloeocystidia ;
spores hyaline, even, 3-4 X l}^-2 (i.

Fructifications 3-5 cm. long, 3^-1 3^ cm- wide.

On decaying wood and bark of conifers. Canada to Louisiana
and in Washington. September to October. Infrequent.

C. canum belongs in the group with C. centrifugum and C. pel-
liculare but differs from both in more hypochnoid structure and
smaller spores. The hyphae are nodose-septate and not in-
crusted.
*vj Specimens examined:

Canada: J. Macoun, 13, type, and 86, in part.

New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2568.

Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1063.

Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 168, comm. by Lloyd

Herb., 3046.
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11101 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63391); Priest River, J. R. Weir, 21.
British Columbia: Salmo, Kootenai Mts., J. R. Weir, J+J+7 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21800).
Washington: Hoquiam, C. J. Humphrey, 6375, 6413.

22. C. centrifugum (Lev.) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1:96. 1903;
v. Hohnel, Ann. Myc. 3: 188. 1905; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 240. 1911.

Rhizoctonia centrifuga LeveiHe", Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 20: 225.
1843. — Hypochnus centrifugus Tulasne, Fung. Carp. 1: 113.
1861; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 654. 1888. — Corticium decipiens v.
Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 117:
1116. 1908.

Fructifications effused, very thin, arachnoid, forming a con-

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 207

tinuous hymenial pellicle, fragile, white, becoming pale olive-
buff in the herbarium, even, the margin arachnoid or byssoid ; in
section 75-150 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae loosely
interwoven, thin-walled, not incrusted, usually 2-3 ;a in diam-
eter, sometimes with a few coarser and up to 6 y. in diameter
along the substratum, only rarely nodose-septate; no gloeo-
cystidia; spores hyaline, even, ellipsoidal, 4-8 X 2J/£-4 (i.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On decaying wood and leaves and fallen branches. Common
in Europe, infrequent from Canada to Louisiana and westward to
the Pacific and in the West Indies. June to February.

C. centrifugum is related to C. arachnoideum and C. pellicular e.
Its more elongated spores, thinner and less arachnoid fructifica-
tions, and hyphae with only very few clamp connections separate
it from C. arachnoideum, while C. pelliculare becomes more yellow
in the herbarium, is likely to show some hyphal incrustation, and
has rather smaller spores and a more compact hymenium. Ac-
cording to the original description C. decipiens differs by not
having clamp connections but they are certainly present in the
authentic specimen communicated by Litschauer.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 309, under the name Corticium

arachnoideum.
Sweden: L. Romelly 76; Stockholm, L. Romell, 60, 61, 168, 296,

348.
Germany: W. Brinkmann, comm. by Bresadola.
Austria: Klosterberg, Tirol, V. Litschauer, and another specimen

under the name C. decipiens, determined and comm. by

Litschauer.
Canada: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 49, 52.
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57606).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow; Shelburne, W. G.

Farlow, 2.
New York: East Gal way, E. A. Burt; Ithaca Flats, C. 0. Smith,

comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 8226; Karner, H. D. House (in

N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54350).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 309.

[Vol. 13
208 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts, 3630 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54698).
District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1347.
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, ay.
Manitoba: Stony Mountain, A. H. R. Buller, 900 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 58999) ; Winnipeg, G. R. Bisby, 1342 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 60551).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 914-
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 2066 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

58767).
California: Massack, A. S. Rhoads, 18 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56987).
Jamaica: Castleton Gardens, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 67, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Chester Vale, W.A.&E.L. Mur-
rill, 372, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

23. C. Atkinsonii Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, thin, small pieces separable
when moistened, white, even, waxy, not cracked, the margin
thinning out, with hyphae interwoven; in section about 150 ^
thick, not colored, composed of interwoven, branching, thin-
walled, occasionally nodose-septate hyphae 3 y. in diameter, not
incrusted, which have in the middle and subhymenial region an
additional branched system of branches not more than 1 ji in
diameter and bearing short acicular branchlets ; no gloeocystidia ;
basidia simple, usually 4 sterigmata but rarely 5 or 6; spores
hyaline, even, 43^ X 2-2J^ y..

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On decaying, charred frondose wood and on Populus. New
York and Louisiana. November and January.

C. Atkinsonii has snow-white color, waxy surface and small
spores. The noteworthy character separating it from other
white species is the system of delicate hyphal branches, so abun-
dant in the middle and subhymenial regions of the fructification
that they mask the outlines of the usual hyphae there and so fine
that on first impression they seem to be the walls of collapsed
hyphae. The mode of branching is not exactly that of C. in-

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 209

vestiens and C. jamaicense but a comparable type of hyphal dif-
ferentiation. The great distance between the two stations leads
me to suspect that C. Atkinsonii is more frequent than indicated
by the collections in which the distinctive branching was ob-
served.

Specimens examined :
New York: Altamont, E. A. Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2558,

type.
Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, 246, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.

24. C. subnullum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, cartridge-
buff to olive-buff in the herbarium, hypochnoid, not forming a
continuous hymenium but with the basidia in more or less con-
nected tufts of about 3-5 to the mm., farinaceous, the margin
similar; in section 30-45 [l thick, not colored, composed of loosely
arranged, hyaline hyphae 2-2 J^ y. in diameter, thin- walled, not
incrusted, not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline,
even, globose, 2J/£ \i in diameter, borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 3-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide.

On bark of decaying logs of Populus sp. British Columbia.
July.

When C. subnullum becomes better known from additional col-
lections, it may become necessary to transfer it to another genus,
but the present gathering favors the view that it is a Corticium
somewhat lacking basidia so that the hymenium becomes discon-
tinuous. This character, occurrence on poplar bark, small
spores, and general aspect of an olive-buff Hyphomycete are good
distinctive characters.

Specimens examined :
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 80, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63776).

25. C. crustulinum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, tender, separable, with the sub-
stance whitish, dry, soft anq cottony, and the hymenium warm

/

H

[Vol. 13
210 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

buff in the herbarium, even, pelliculose, brittle, not shining, the
margin whitish, continuous with the substance, fimbriate; in
section 160 [x thick, not colored, composed of a layer next the
substratum of loosely interwoven, hyaline, thin-walled hyphae

2 pi in diameter, nodose-septate, not incrusted, and of a compactly
interwoven, thin hymenium; no gloeocystidia; basidia 6 X 3 y.,
with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 3 X 2-3 \l,
copious.

Fructifications 5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide.

On very rotten frondose wood. Porto Rico. July.

C. crustulinum is characterized by the loosely attached, whitish-
margined fructifications with yellowish hymenium borne on a
white, cottony substance. The small hyphae, small basidia, and
small spores are good confirmatory characters. We have no
closely related species.

Specimens examined:
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 2914, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 3130).

26. C. tessulatum Cooke, Grevillea 6: 132. 1878; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6 : 619. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 : 136. 1890.

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 127.

Fructifications effused, adnate, thin, somewhat membrana-
ceous, tender, small pieces separable, in the herbarium becoming
naphthalene-yellow, with central parts light ochraceous buff, even,
contracting greatly in drying, and cracking into rectangular
masses 1-4 mm. in diameter separated by fissures 1-2 mm. wide,
with some of the white silky subiculum clinging to the substratum,
the margin whitish, fibrillose; in section 150-200 \l thick, not
colored, composed of loosely interwoven, very thin-walled and
collapsing hyphae 4 ^ in diameter, abundantly nodose-septate,
not incrusted; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-43^ X

3 pl, few found.

Fructifications 2-4 cm. in diameter.

On pine and spruce bark on the ground. Canada to South
Carolina, and in Idaho and Arizona. May to October. In-
frequent.

C. tessulatum is somewhat suggestive of C. Berkeleyi in aspect

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 211

but is colored differently, tending towards light ochraceous-buff
in the more central parts of the fructification; this color, occur-
rence on old pine and spruce, the wide cracks from drying, and
loose attachment to substratum and tendency to scale away from
it of the rectangular masses of the dried fructification are helpful
characters in recognizing the species. C. illaqueatum, occurring
on Castanea in France, is closely related.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Ravenel, Fungi Am., 127, type distribution.
Canada : Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 71 , 75; Ontario,

Temagami, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57051).
Maine: Penobscot County, W. A. Murrill, 1821 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59676).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 10, and two other

gatherings.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt
New York: Osceola, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59674, 59676).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1066.
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

127.
Idaho: Addie, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11989 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63352).
Arizona: Flagstaff, W. H. Long, 19494 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44768, 44769); Interior Basin, San Francisco Peaks, W. H.

Long, 21309, in part (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54890).

27. C. Stevensonii Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, rather thick, fleshy-membranaceous,
small pieces separable, becoming cartridge-buff to cream-buff in
the herbarium, perhaps white when growing, ceraceous, slightly
colliculose, becoming somewhat cracked in drying, the margin
narrow, similar; in section 400-450 \l thick, not colored, with an
incrusted subhymenial zone, the hyphae 3-3 */£ v- m diameter, not
nodose-septate, rather thick-walled and rigid, loosely interwoven
and rising obliquely to the base of the compact subhymenium,
conspicuously incrusted for a length of about 30 (jl in the incrusted

[Vol. 13
212 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

zone and about 6 \i in diameter over the incrustation; no gloeo-
cystidia; spores copious, hyaline, even, 6 X 4-4 J^ ^-

Fructifications in fragments 1-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On badly decayed frondose wood. Porto Rico. December.

This species resembles in aspect Peniophora cremea and P.
mutata, and its hyphae are similarly coarse and loosely arranged
but both cystidia and gloeocystidia are lacking. The incrusted
zone at the base of the subhymenium is about 30 y. thick and
very characteristic. Each hypha assumes incrustation upon
entering this zone, has position parallel to the other hyphae, and
is devoid of incrustation beyond the zone.

Specimens examined:
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, Palo Seco, La Isabell Grove, J. A,

Stevenson, 3523, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6635).

28. C. lacteum Fries, Epicr. 560. 1838; Hym. Eur. 649.
1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 610. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot.
Jour. 27: 132. 1890. — Not C. lacteum of Bresadola, v. Hohnel &
Litschauer, nor probably of Bourdot & Galzin, and Rea.

Thelephora lactea Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 452. 1821; Elenchus
Fung. 1 : 205. 1828. — Corticium pellicula (Fr. ?) Karsten, Soc.
pro Fauna et Fl. Fenn. Meddel. 11:5. 1885.

Type: in Fries Herb. — the specimen determined by E. Fries.
Authentic specimen in better condition in Kew Herb. — the
cream-colored fructification collected by Lbd., Svex. Soderm,
Oct.

Fructifications effused, thin, membranaceous, tender, small
pieces separable, becoming cream-colored to cinnamon-buff in the
herbarium, even, more or less cracked, the margin whitish, fibril-
lose; in section 150-300 y. thick, not colored, with the hyphae
densely and longitudinally arranged along the substratum and
then curving upward to the hymenium, 2J^-4 \l in diameter, in-
crusted in the subhymenial region, occasionally nodose-septate;
no gloeocystidia nor vesicular bodies; spores hyaline, even, sub-
globose, about 5-63^2 X 5-6 y., pointed at the base.

Fructifications 3-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide.

On decaying wood and limbs of coniferous and frondose species
and on the ground. In Europe and in northern United States

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 213

and Canada from Massachusetts westward to the Pacific states.
May to November. Occasional.

It has been necessary to depart from the conflicting concepts of
C. lacteum, and base the species on the presumably oldest existing
specimen collected and determined by Fries and preserved in his
herbarium under the name of Thelephora lactea. Other and more
recent specimens were referred by Fries to Corticium lacteum, the
genus Corticium not being used by Fries until the publication of
his 'Epicrisis.' These more recent specimens are of various
species as might be expected, for the exact methods of the present
day in the study of resupinate Hymenomycetes were not then
used, and it is probable that these later specimens have caused
the confusion in current concepts of C. lacteum. It is fortunate
that one of these later specimens, named by Fries, agrees with
the original specimen, is in better condition than the original
specimen, and is preserved in Kew Herbarium where it is con-
venient for comparison. C. lacteum, as understood from these
specimens, belongs in a group of species of similar aspect having
globose spores about 6 \l in diameter. The other members of this
group are C. radiosum, and C. abeuns. C. pellicular 'e has the same
aspect as the others named but its spores are not globose. When
one knows any one of the above group of species the other species
should be readily recognized as they are found, for C. lacteum has
rather coarse, loosely arranged, more or less granule-incrusted
hyphae, and lacks gloeocystidia and vesicular bodies; C. abeuns
has wholly immersed gloeocystidia of the usual kind; and C.
radiosum has vesicular organs which are at first like those of C.
polyonium but become much more inflated and with highly at-
tenuated wall, and finally perhaps are shown only by vesicular
spaces between the massed hyphae.

Specimens examined :
Sweden: type, under the name Thelephora lactea (in Herb. Fries);

Svex. Soderm., Lindblad, determined by E. Fries as Corticium

lacteum (in Kew Herb.) ; Stockholm, L. Romell, 114, 179, 327.
Finland: Mustiala, P. Karsten, comm. by Karsten under the

name Corticium pellicula Fr.?
France : Fautrey, determination as Corticium lacteum approved by

Patouillard for Lloyd, comm. by C. G. Lloyd, 4368.

(Vol. 13
214 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Canada: J. Macoun, 29, and an unnumbered specimen from Ellis
Herb., comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44640); Ironsides, /. Macoun, 286 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61348) ; Lower St. Lawrence Valley,
J. Macoun, J^5, 47, 90; Ottawa, J. Macoun, 57, and 165 and
349 (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56052, 55921).

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings.

Massachusetts: Magnolia, W. G. Farlow.

New York: Albany, H. D. House & J. Rubinger, comm. by N. Y.
State Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 7462) ; Altamont,
E. A. Burt; Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, 2586; Hague, C. H. Peck,
11; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2870, 14100; Sandlake, C. H. Peck
(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55748) ;
Warrensburg, C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb.
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55976).

Pennsylvania: Carbondale, E. A. Burt.

Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 220 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 57094).

Ohio: Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2617.

Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 24, 38 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 17172, 18617); New Richmond, C. H. Kauffman,
25, 33, 42 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 17035, 20030, 22870).

Wisconsin: Blue Mounds, A. O. Stucki, 37.

Illinois: Peoria, C. J. Humphrey, 1990 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
17518).

Idaho: Bonanza, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,
2557, in part; Coolin, /. R. Weir, 11574 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 63302).

Colorado: Uncompaghre National Forest, G. G. Hedgcock, comm.
by C. J. Humphrey, 2546.

^British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 84 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55346).

Washington : Chiquash Mountains, W. N. Suksdorf, 842; Seattle,
W. A. Murrill, 151, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 55727).

California: Massack, A. S. Rhoads, 21 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56990).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 215

29. C. subgiganteum Berkeley, Grevillea 2: 3. 1873; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 632. 1888; Lyman, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc.
33: 151. pi. 18, f. 2-21, pi. 26, f. 137. 1907.

Peniophora subgigantea (Berk.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
25: 142. 1889. — Michenera artocreas Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc.
Bot. Jour. 10: 333. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 653. 1888;
Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 7: 42. pi. b,f. 1-5. 1891; Essai
Taxon. 67. 1900; Peirce, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 17: 305. pi. 110,
f. k-n. 1890; Lyman, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 33: 157.
pi. 18, f. 6-21, pi. 26, f. 137. 1907.— An Corticium gilvidum
Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 18: 46. 1920?

Type: in Kew Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Basidiosporic stage broadly effused, adnate, thick, membrana-
ceous, separable in small pieces when moist, drying light buff to
light ochraceous-buff, even, glabrous, not cracked, the margin
whitish, sometimes buff when old; in section 500-1000 \l thick,
not colored, with the hyphae densely interwoven, about 2-2J/£ y.
in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia ;
paraphyses with pointed tips; basidia large with 4 sterigmata
usually; basidiospores hyaline, even, globose or subglobose,
14-19 \l in diameter or 14-19 X 12-16 p.

Chlamydosporic or Michenera fructifications disk-shaped, con-
cave, drying snuff-brown, cracked, the margin acute, thick, white
on its elevated side; in section 1-2 mm. thick, composed of a thick
basal layer of densely interwoven hyphae about 2 [i in diameter
which terminate in sporiferous ends and branches densely crowded
together in the concave layer at surface of the fructifications;
sporophores consist of each a single chlamydospore terminating
in a slender, flexuous, tapering terminal appendage up to 10-50 ja
long; chlamydospores ovoid, even, 12-20 X 10-15 \l.

Basidiosporic fructifications 2-15 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide;
Michenera fructifications 6-8 mm. in diameter.

On bark of dead limbs of Acer rubrum, Magnolia, and Lirio-
dendron. In swamps in the Atlantic states from Canada to
Cuba. July to February. Occasional.

Fructifications of the perfect stage bear some resemblance in
general aspect to those of C. portentosum but are readily dis-
tinguished by the much larger spores. When growing on the

[Vol. 13
216 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

same twigs the perfect fructifications occur normally on the
under side of the twigs with the imperfect ones opposite on the
upper side.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3102, under the name

Corticium ochroleucum var. resupinatum.
Canada: Quebec, Hull, J. Macoun, 149; Ontario, Ottawa, /.

Macoun, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55802).
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter, comm. by G. R. Lyman.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55580) ; North Conway, comm. by L. O. Overholts, 5062

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56354).
Vermont: Middlebury, C. G. Lloyd, 10623 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44639).
Connecticut: near Moosup River, J. L. Sheldon, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 2526 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18559).
New York: Karner, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55782).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 1442,

by Farlow Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55584), and in Ell.

& Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 3102.
Virginia: Clarendon, W. H. Long, 12715 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55060).
North Carolina: Transylvania County, W. A. Murrill & H. D.

House, 423, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56586).
South Carolina: Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, 1669, type (in Kew Herb.

and Farlow Herb.).
Alabama: Auburn, G. F. Atkinson, 236 4.
Cuba: C. Wright, type of Michenera artocreas (in Farlow Herb.).

30. C. ceraceum Berk. & Rav. in Ravenel, Fungi Car. Exs.
3. 29. 1855, without description; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 150. 1890; v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien
Sitzungsber. 116: 785. textf. 6. 1907.

Corticium molle Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 10: 336.
1868; Grevillea 1: 180. 1873.— Not Corticium molle Fries —
C. armeniacum Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 637. 1888.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 217

Type : type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3 : 29.

Fructifications broadly effused, ceraceous-fleshy, drying mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moistened, becoming
cinnamon-buff to army-brown in the herbarium, even, shining,
not cracking, the margin paler, narrow, with hyphae interwoven ;
in structure 100-400 y. thick, not colored, composed of erect,
densely interwoven, agglutinate, thick- walled hyphae 2^-3 ii in
diameter, not incrusted, rarely, if at all, nodose-septate; no
gloeocystidia ; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 10-16

Fructifications 1-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide; sometimes con-
fluent over areas up to 1 m. long.

On decaying trunks of frondose species. New Jersey to Mexico,
in the West Indies, and in South Africa. Throughout the year.
Uncommon.

C. ceraceum varies in the thickness of its fructifications which
are usually cinnamon to ochraceous-orange in color and some-
times become very large. The spores are so very large that they
afford a good distinctive character but are most likely to be
found in crushed preparations of the hymenium.

Specimens examined:
Exsicatti: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 607; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 453;

Fungi Car. 3 : 29, type distribution.
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, comm. by Lloyd Herb.
Virginia: Woodstock, C. L. Shear, 1193.
North Carolina: Biltmore Estate, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61351).
South Carolina : H. W. Ravenel, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 607, and

type in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 29; Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in

Ravenel, Fungi Am., 453; Black Rock, H. W. Ravenel, 1261 (in

Curtis Herb.).
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 133 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 10951).
Louisiana: Lafayette County, A. B. Langlois, H67; St. Martin-

ville, A. B. Langlois, 41, comm. by Lloyd Herb., and 2709, and

G.
Mexico: Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 789, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54615).

{Vol. 13
218 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Cuba: C. Wright, type of Corticium molle B. & C. (in Curtis Herb.,
202) ; Alto Cedro, Earle & Murrill, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.

Africa: locality not given, P. A. van der Bijl, 13 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 58810).

31. C. Bambusae Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb., and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications small, becoming confluent, effused, adnate, very
thin, tender, small pieces separable, cartridge-buff, even, not
shining, somewhat cracked, the margin free in some places; in
section 80-120 y. thick, not colored, with the hyphae about 2^ \l
in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate, arranged longi-
tudinally along the substratum and sending out lateral branches
to form the hymenium; no gloeocystidia; basidia simple, 40 X
10 [l, with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, 14-18 X 8-9 n,
pointed at both ends, copious.

Fructifications 1-3 mm. in diameter, becoming confluent over
an area 4 cm. long, 1-1 H cm- wide.

On bamboo. West Indies and Venezuela. Very common.

The small, cartridge-buff fructifications clustered together and
becoming confluent over the hard cortex of culms of bamboo and
the unusually large spores are good distinctive characters for rec-
ognition of this species.

Specimens examined:
Trinidad: Maravel, R. Thaxter, type, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 19.

32. C. cremoricolor Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 180. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 615. 1888. — Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 133. 1890 (spelled cremicolor).

Type: in Kew Herb, and Farlow Herb., labelled Corticium
cremicolor B. & C.

Fructifications broadly effused, rather thick, membranaceous,
small pieces separable when moistened, becoming cream-colored
and pinkish buff to wood-brown in the herbarium, cracking into
areolae 2-3 mm. in diameter and with a distinctly radial arrange-
ment of the principal cracks frequently, more or less colliculose
with broad, slightly elevated granules, the margin narrow, fibril-

1926)

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 219

lose, sometimes radiate; in section 200-800 (x thick, not colored,
with hyphae somewhat longitudinally interwoven and then as-
cending to a compact hymenium, 2-3 \l in diameter, rarely larger,
not incrusted but mixed with more or less mineral matter; no
gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 8-12
X 5-8 {x.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 13^-3 cm. wide, often confluent.

On bark of decaying Quercus and other frondose species.
Throughout Canada and the United States. April to December.
Frequent.

C. cremoricolor is so similar to C. hydnans in aspect that the
much larger spores of C. cremoricolor afford the best character for
separation of these two species. C. cremoricolor is less tubercular,
however, thicker, and usually with cracks radiating from the
center of the fructification. C. anthracophilum Bourd. is closely
related in structure. *

Specimens examined :
Canada: J. Macoun, 19.
Massachusetts: Cambridge, L. M. Underwood, 1001 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57340).
New York: Ithaca, H. S. Jackson, comm. by Cornell Univ. Herb.,

14391; Onondaga Valley, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61388).
New Jersey: Belleplain, C. L. Shear, 1247, Newfield, J. B. Ellis,

comm. by Farlow Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44636).
Pennsylvania: Ohio Pyle, W. A. Murrill, 1076, 1183 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61586, 61579) ;

Reitz Gap, L. 0. Overholts, 4633 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56118); State College, L. 0. Overholts & C. R. Orion, comm. by

L. O. Overholts, 4723 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56115);

Trexlertown, W. Herbst, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2227; White-
haven, G. F. Atkinson, 8654.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1075.
District of Columbia: Washington, C. L. Shear, 1240, 1259.
Florida: W. W. Calkins, comm. by Farlow Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44633).
Alabama: Peters, type (in Kew Herb., and Curtis Herb., 5205).
Texas: Houston, H. W. Ravenel, 271, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.

[Vol. 13
220 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Herb. This is the Corticium lactescens of Cooke's Fungi of

Texas; Quitman, W. H. Long, 12092 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55047).
Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3821, comm. by Farlow Herb., 166 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55261), and 3821 and 3907.
Indiana: Scottsburg, J. R. Weir, 376 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

17186).
Illinois: Christopher, C. J. Humphrey, 2092 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 21145); Lombard, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 952.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 27; New Richmond,

Demmon, comm. by A. H. W. Povah, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 20198), and C. H. Kaufman, 29 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 20304).
Wisconsin: Madison, M. C. Jensen, and another comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 2439 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 43839 and 22376,

respectively); Stevens Point, C. J. Humphrey, 1802 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 17910).
Minnesota: Univ. Minn. Myc. Herb., comm. by E. L. Jensen, 8

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10565).
Missouri: Bismarck, L. 0. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

58322).
British Columbia: Sidney, /. Macoun, 12 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5730).
New Mexico: Cienega Springs, W. H. Long, 21596 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55120) ; Cloudcroft, W. H. Long, 19665, 19523 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55044, 55045); Tyom Canyon, W. H.

Long, 21895 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55119); Tyom Exp.

Sta., W. H. Long, 21877 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55118).

33. C. confluens Fries, Epicr. 564. 1838; Hym, Eur. 655.
1874; Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. 276. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 626. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 133. 1890;
Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 112. 1897; Bourdot &
Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 252. 1911; Rea, Brit. Basid.
679. 1922.

Thelephora confluens Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 447. 1821. — Cor-
ticium confluens var. subcalceum Karsten, Rev. Myc. 1 0 : 74. 1888.

Fructifications effused, rather thick, waxy-membranaceous,

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 221

small pieces separable when moistened, whitish to cartridge-buff
and light pinkish cinnamon in the herbarium, even, with few
cracks, the margin indeterminate, thinning out; in section 200-
500 (x thick, not colored, composed of ascending, densely inter-
woven and agglutinate, thin-walled hyphae 2^-3 \l in diameter,
not incrusted, occasionally nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia;
spores hyaline, even, ovoid, 5-9 X 33^-6 [l, copious.

Fructifications 2-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On bark of fallen decaying limbs of Betula, Alnus, Salix, and
other frondose species. In Europe, from Newfoundland to
Louisiana and westward to Manitoba and Washington, in Mexico,
the West Indies, Japan, and South Africa. April to December.
Common.

C. confluens may be recognized among our species by its occur-
rence on frondose bark in closely adnate fructifications with
somewhat the aspect of pale Peniophora incarnata but of different
structure, which is distinctive by not being stratose and by having
the hyphae agglutinate, and by the presence of large spores. The
authentic specimen from Karsten of C. confluens var. subcalceum
has spores 9 X 6 [t. and does not have cystidia, differing in both
respects from the statement by Bresadola in Ann. Myc. 1 : 102.
1903.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: L. Romell, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84-
Finland: Mustiala, authentic specimen, perhaps part of type of

Corticium confluens var. subcalceum Karst. from Karsten.
Germany: Lengerich, W. Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 13 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63430).
Austria: Tirol, Hall, V. Litschauer; Stubai, V. Litschauer.
Italy: G. Bresadola,
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 983 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63747).
Canada: Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 65.
Ontario : Eastman's Springs, J. Macoun, 532; Ottawa, J. Macoun,

29; Woodstock, E. Bartholomew, 6713 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57041).
New Hampshire: Camp, Ellis R., Underwood & C, 22 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., Burt Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

61585) ; Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.

[Vol. 13
222 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings.

New England : W. G. Farlow.

Massachusetts: Waverly, G. R. Lyman, 16 4-

New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57446, 57472, 57670, 59680) ; Altamont/
E. A. Burt; East Gal way, E. A. Burt; Hudson Falls, S. H.
Burnham, 48 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54465) ; Ithaca, C. H.
Kauffman, C. 0. Smith, Van Hook, comm. by G. F. Atkinson,
14384, 8045, and 8048, respectively; Karner, H. D. House (in
N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54374,
55206); New York, Class in Mycology (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61346); North Elba, C. H.
Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 56111); Oneida, H. D. House, comm. by N. Y. State
Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59705); Seventh Lake,
Hamilton County, H. E. Stork, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
56639) ; West Park, New York City, F. S. Earle, 1596 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61425); West
Troy, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55781).

New Jersey: Belleplain, C. L. Shear, 1255.

Pennsylvania: Carbondale, E. A. Burt; German town, E. A.
Burt; State College, L. O. Overholts, 2620 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 20278).

Maryland : Silver Springs, D. G. Fairchild, comm. by U. S. Dept.
Agr. Herb.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1854; Washing-
ton, C. L. Shear, 1288, in part.

Florida: Daytona, R. A. Harper, 9 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54536).

Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle & C. F. Baker, and 48 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot Gard. Herb., 61558).

Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey, comm. by C. J.
Humphrey, 5729, 5733; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, i, dh,
and 472 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 614788), and 1761a, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 42600).

Illinois: Duquoin, C. J. Humphrey, 1809, 1894 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 10324, 10352); Riverside, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 675.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 223

Wisconsin : Blue Mounds, Miss Stucki, 12, 13.

Iowa: Ames, H. H. Hume, 3 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 61583); Fort Dodge, 0. M. Oleson, 438 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44077).
Manitoba: Winnipeg, G. R. Bisby, 62 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57898).
Washington: Puyallup, C. J. Humphrey, 7649.
Porto Rico: Campo Alegre, J. A. Stevenson, 6585 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55078).
Jamaica: Troy, A. E. Wight, 420, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 14558).
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E.L. Murrill, 541 , 543, 548, comm.

by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54558,

54559, 54560).
Japan: Prov. Shinauo, A. Yasuda, 133 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

62060).
Africa: Natal, Pietermaritzburg, P. A. van der Bijl, 583 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 69371).

34. Coniophora corrugis Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 13:310.
1926.

This species occurs on living trees, logs and dead limbs of
conifers in forests of the Rocky Mountain region and from British
Columbia to Arizona in the Pacific states. The fructifications
are somewhat coriaceous, loosely attached to the substratum, and
vinaceous in color. The spores in most specimens are colorless,
even, 6-10 X 4-7 y., not copious — fully mature and colored in
only one of the specimens received during 14 years.

35. C. laetum (Karst.) Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 94. 1903;
v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115:
1552. 1906; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 237. 1911.

Hyphoderma laetum Karsten, Rev. Myc. 11: 206. 1889; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 10: 530. 1892. — Corticium hypnophilum Karsten,
Rev. Myc. 12: 126. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 234. 1891.

Fructifications effused, thin, membranaceous-waxy, soft, small
pieces separable when moist, orange-pink to rose color, fading in
the herbarium to cartridge-buff, even, not cracked, the margin

[Vol. 13
224 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

thinning out, somewhat arachnoid; in section 100-200 y. thick,
not colored, composed of interwoven, hyaline hyphae 5-8 (jl in
diameter, not incrusted, no clamp connections found; no gloeo-
cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 6-12 X 4-8 \l.

Fructifications 5 mm.-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide.

On living mosses and on bark of dead Alnus and Betula. In
Europe and in New York, Michigan, and North Dakota.

This species may be recognized by bright rose color when fresh,
occurrence on living moss and dead alders, large spores, coarse
hyphae, and absence of gloeocystidia. The three American speci-
mens cited below seem referable to C. laetum except that their
hyphae are more numerous and of smaller diameter — 4-6 \l — than
those of the European specimens with which compared. Penio-
phora aurantiaca has much the same aspect and occurs on Alnus
also but has gloeocystidia and cystidia.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: L. Romell, H5.
Finland: Mustiala, authentic specimen of C. hypnophilum from

Karsten.
Italy: specimen on Alnus of C. laetum collected and determined

by Bresadola.
New York: Karner, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44708).
Michigan: Isle Royale, Allen & Stuntz, J$, comm. by Univ. Wis.

Herb.
North Dakota: Brenckle, comm. by V. Litschauer, 2.

36. C. roseum Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 111.
1794; Fries, Epicr. 560. 1838; Hym. Eur. 650. 1874; Berkeley,
Outl. Brit. Fung. 273. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 611. 1888;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 233. 1911; Coker,
Elisha Mitchell Scientif . Soc. Jour. 36 : 171. pi 83, f. 3-5. 1921 ;
Rea, Brit. Basid. 673. 1922.

Thelephora rosea Persoon, Syn. Fung. 575. 1801; Myc. Eur.
1 : 131. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1 : 451. 1821 ; Elench. Fung. 1 :
203. 1828. — Corticium roseolum Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 140. pi. 6, f. 2. 1890. — C. polygonoides Karsten, Soc. pro
Fauna et Fl. Fenn. Meddel. 6: 12. 1881; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 225

638. 1888; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 232.
1911. — Lyomyces polygonoides Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag
Natur. och Folk 48: 419. 1889. — Aleurodiscus roseus (Pers.) v.
Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115:
1568. 1906.

Fructification effused, rather thick, adnate, somewhat mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moist, drying pinkish
buff to buff-pink, pruinose, finally cracked, the margin whitish,
more or less byssoid; in section 200-280 \l thick, with the hy-
menial layer perhaps slightly colored, 2-layered, with the basal
layer composed of longitudinally arranged, densely interwoven
hyphae 3-33^ ^ in diameter, not incrusted, the hymenial layer
composed of erect hyphae, basidia, and slender, slightly brownish,
short-branched paraphyses; no gloeocystidia; basidia at first ex-
ceeded by the paraphyses, finally protruding; spores hyaline,
even, 6-12 x 4J^-8 \l.

Fructifications sometimes 2-3 mm. in diameter and becoming
laterally confluent, more usually 1-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of logs and branches of frondose species
such as Populus, Betula, Alnus, Acer, Carya, Ulmus, etc., rarely
on coniferous wood. In Europe, from Canada to Alabama, west-
ward to Manitoba and Washington, in New Mexico and Mexico,
and in Japan. Throughout the year. Common.

C. roseum is well named, for its pale rose-color is distinctive and
is confirmed, when sections are examined, by the slender, slightly
brownish, short-branched organs which are probably paraphyses
but have seemed to me when in young vigorous condition to have
the branches tipped by very minute spherical bodies. C. poly-
gonoides is the early stage with the paraphyses exceeding the
young basidia.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 609, under the name Corticium

incarnatum; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 2012.
Sweden: L. Romell, 47, 127, 146; Stockholm, L. Romell, 147.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,

2012, and authentic specimen of Lyomyces polygonoides.
Austria: Stubai, Tirol, V. Litschauer.
Italy: Trient, G. Bresadola.

[Vol. 13
226 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

England: Apthorpe, Norths, 12, type of C. roseolwn (in Kew

Herb.).
Canada: J. Macoun, 85.
Ontario: London, J. Dearness, D1078c (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

18666); Ottawa, /. Macoun, 135, 451.
Maine: Freeport, 0. 0. Stover, comm. by P. L. Ricker.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 3 gatherings; Ripton, E. A.

Burt, 2 gatherings; Smugglers' Notch, Mt. Mansfield, E. A.

Burt.
Massachusetts: Newton, W. G. Farlow; Willow Brook, H. Web-
ster, comm. by Boston Myc. Club Herb., E.; Waverly, G. R.

Lyman, 120, 164*
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1204, iS13; Altamont, E. A.

Burt; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2120, and H. S. Jackson, comm.

by Cornell Univ. Herb., 14389; Minnewaska, C. H. Peck (in N.

Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55980);

Orient, R. Latham, 223 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44226);

Poughkeepsie, R. C. Poppey, in Gerard Herb, (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61559); Syracuse,

L. M. Underwood, 18 (in N. Y. Bot, Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44312) ; White Plains, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61410).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 609.
Pennsylvania: Center Hall, E. West, comm. by L. O. Overholts,

3659 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54700); State College, J.

Ellis, comm. by L. O. Overholts, 5207 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56360).
District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 953.
North Carolina: W. C. Coker, 4703 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57424).
Alabama: Auburn, C. F. Baker (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 61397, and Burt Herb.) ; Montgomery, R. P.

Burke, 2, in part, 160, 305 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22073,

44961, 57195).
Ohio: College Hill, Aiken, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2341; Lin wood,

C. G. Lloyd, 1870; Preston, C. G. Lloyd, 1561.
Indiana: Indianapolis, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

19805).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 227

Illinois: Cairo, E. Bartholomew, 9234-

Minnesota: Brickton, C. J. Humphrey, 1124 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 10276).
Iowa: Decorah, E. W. D. Holway.
Missouri: Creve Coeur Lake, F. P. McWhorter (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57334).
Montana: Monarch, J. R. Weir (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20736).
Idaho: J. R. Weir, 366 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 15165).
Manitoba: River Park, A. H. R. Butler, 873 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 58994); Stony Mountain, A. H. R. Buller, 897 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 58989); Winnipeg, A.H.R. Buller, 936 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59025).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 685, 720; Columbia River,

W. Klickitat County, W. N. Suksdorf, 106.
New Mexico : Mogollon, G. G. Hedgcock & W. H. Long, comm. by

C. J. Humphrey, 2540 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21660).
Mexico : Parral, Chihuahua, E. O. Mathews, 4 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44419).
Japan: Sendai, A. Yasuda, 60 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56144).

37. C. salmonicolor Berk. & Broome, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
14: 71. 1873; Sacc. Syli. Fung. 6: 620. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 122. 1890; Petch, Phys. and Dis. of Hevea
brasiliensis, 209. 1911; Rorer, Trinidad Dept. Agr. Bui. 153:
1. /. 1, 2. 1917; Lee & Yates, Philippine Jour. Sci. 14: 657. pi.
1-7. 1919.

Necator decretus Massee, Kew Bui. Misc. Inf. 1898: 119. 1898;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 1094. 1902. — Corticium javanicum Zim-
mermann, Centralbl. f. Bakt. Abt. 2, 7: 103. text). 3. 1901.— C.
Zimmermanni Sacc. & Syd. in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 1117. 1902;
17: 169. 1905.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, adnate, membranaceous-
soft, separable when moist, pale ochraceous buff to orange-pink
when fresh, fading in the herbarium to pale olive-buff and car-
tridge-buff, pulverulent, even, cracking a little in drying, the
margin thinning out; in section 100-200 \l thick, composed of
hyphae running longitudinally over the substratum and bearing

[Vol. 13
228 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

a broad layer of suberect, branching, loosely interwoven hyphae
4-7 \k in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate; no gloeo-
cystidia; basidiospores hyaline, even, 9-12 X 6-8 \i. The conidia
of the imperfect Necator stage are catenulate, 14-18 X 7-8 [l,
according to Massee.

Fructifications 2-20 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

Parasitic on bark of branches 1-3 cm. in diameter and young
trees of Cacao, Citrus, Hevea, Amherstia, tea and coffee plants in
tropical regions, and on Ficus and pear and apple shoots in
Florida and Louisiana. In West Indies, Philippine Islands, East
Indies, and Ceylon.

C. salmonicolor is a species very destructive to important eco-
nomic species of shrubs and trees, causing the Pink Disease where
the climate is warm and moist for sufficiently long periods that
the mycelium can run over the bark of young shoots and pene-
trate into the deeper tissues. Its parasitic occurrence on living
woody plants, bright color, coarse hyphae, and large spores
render it easy to recognize in tropical regions.

Specimens examined :
Florida: Gainesville, J. Matz (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44822,

54934).
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, C. W. Edgerton, 702, 990a.
Porto Rico: Bayamon, J. A. Stevenson, 2827 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 9689); Pueblo Vigo, J. A. Stevenson, 5436 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7820); Trujillo Alto, J. A. Stevenson, 3819, and

W. C. Drier, comm. by J. A. Stevenson, 6770 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 9059 and 55054, respectively).
Dominica: W. Norwell, comm. by J. B. Rorer (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 18560).
Trinidad: /. B. Rorer (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20429); Guaico,

/. B. Rorer, four gatherings (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14023,

17934, 20295, 44770) ; Port of Spain, J. B. Rorer (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 9008).
Ceylon: a portion of 3 authentic specimens determined by

Berkeley in Kew Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 8891),

T. Fetch, comm. by Kew Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

8890) ; Peradeniya, T. Fetch, 8640 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56245).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 229

38. C. spretum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, rather thick, somewhat cori-
aceous, cinnamon-buff in the herbarium, even, not shining, in
drying cracking to the substratum into polygonal masses about
1 mm. in diameter, the margin similar, narrow, entire; in section
200-300 \l thick, colored like the hymenium, composed of as-
cending, densely interwoven, thin-walled hyphae 3-33/2 V- in
diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia;
slender paraphyses about 1 [i in diameter, with short branches
near the tips, are present between the basidia; spores hyaline,
even, 8-10 X 5-6 \l.

Fructifications probably large, for received in fragments up to
5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

On decorticated wood of a decaying stump of Fraxinus oregona.
Washington. September.

C. spretum has conspicuous fructifications resembling Hymeno-
chaete spreta in aspect. The deeply cracked fructifications cin-
namon-buff externally and throughout, large spores, slender
paraphyses, and occurrence on ash stumps should enable the
species to be recognized confidently.

Specimens examined :
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 962, type.

39. C. rubropallens (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27:
145. 1890.

Thelephora rubropallens Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S.
4: 168. 1832. — Stereum rubropallens (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea
20: 35. 1891; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 121. 1895.— Not C. rubro-
pallens Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1 : 97. 1903, nor Bourdot & Gal-
zin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 258. 1911.

Type: in Schweinitz Herb, and probably in Farlow Herb, and
Kew Herb.

"T. effusa, indeterminatim effigurata, ambitu marginibus latis-
simis albis; versus centrum subroseo-incarnata, crebre sporidifera
aut pulverulenta. Pelliculam efficit ex arete intertextis filis.
Ulnarem longitudinem explet.

"Longe lateque effusa in corticibus et lignis Bethlehem.' '

— Schweinitz.

[Vol. 13
230 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

In section 100-150 ;x thick, not colored, with the hyphae sub-
erect, branched, rather loosely interwoven, about 2J^-3 \i in
diameter, not incrusted but bearing imbedded crystalline matter,
with very slender, colorless, hair-like paraphyses protruding
beyond the basidia and, in my opinion, with short branches near
the tips; no gloeocystidia ; spores noted by Massee as 8-9 X 3 y.,
and by Cooke as 6-7 X 3 pi, none found in my preparations of the
type.

I regret that a Corticium on Fagus, Ripton, Vermont, Nov. 4,
1896, which I misdetermined as C rubropallens, relying too
largely on general aspect and coloration in comparison with the
type, and communicated to Bresadola, Romell, and Karsten
under that name, should have led both Bresadola and Bourdot
into error concerning C. rubropallens. The names of those
specimens should be changed to C. roseopallens Burt, as described
in the present work.

C. rubropallens belongs in the group of species with C. rubro-
canum, C. albido-carneum> and C. Atkinsonii. Each species of
this group lacks gloeocystidia and has the very slender and
numerous paraphyses protruding beyond the basidia and masking
the latter. The only recent gathering which I can now refer to
C. rubropallens on the basis of agreement in internal structure is
now white in herbarium condition and doubtful therefore. Its
few spores are 9-10 X 4 y..

Specimens examined:
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type (in Schweinitz Herb.).
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 118 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 19557).

40. C. rubrocanum de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 409, with de-
scription. 1876; Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 6: 95. 1876; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6: 632. 1888.

Type: type distribution in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 409.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, adnate, membranaceous,
small pieces separable when moist, becoming tilleul-buff in the
herbarium, hoary, glabrous, finally cracking at the center into
polygonal masses 1-2 to a mm., the margin determinate or in-
determinate and thinning out, of the same color; in section

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 231

100-150 [l thick, not colored or only very slightly in the sub-
hymenium, with the hyphae longitudinally and densely inter-
woven next to the substratum, then becoming erect, bushy-
branched in the hymenial layer, short-celled, of irregular outline,
about 3-33/2 V> in diameter, not incrusted but with some imbedded
crystalline matter; paraphyses slightly brownish below, pro-
truding beyond the basidia as very slender hairs about J/£-l pt in
diameter with short lateral branches; no gloeocystidia; the only
spore found is hyaline, even, 9 X Q/2 v. but may not belong.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On fallen twigs of Quercus coccinea. New Jersey to Louisiana.
November to April. Not common.

P. rubrocanum is distinguished by its occurrence in thin,
hoary, nearly white fructifications with a tint of pink on small
fallen branches of oak, and by the absence of gloeocystidia and the
presence of delicate hair-like paraphyses in the hymenial surface.
Spore collections should be made to determine the spore dimen-
sions, for the spores have not been retained well in any specimen
examined. It is probable that C. rubrocanum will be found to
be a synonym of C. rubropallens when the type of the latter can
be studied more critically than by me twenty-six years ago.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 22; de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,

409, type.
New Jersey: Newfield, /. B. Ellis, in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 22, in

de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 409, and (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

4846, 44638).
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, 377, comm. under the name C.

Auberianum by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 105 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 11280).
Louisiana: Natchitoches, G. D. Harris, comm. by Cornell Univ.

Herb., 5111; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 1933

41. C. cultum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications usually a thin, whitish, cottony mycelium along
the sides of tunnels of a bark beetle but sometimes bearing a

[Vol. 13
232 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

hymenium and in those places effused, small, thin, closely adnate,
somewhat membranaceous-fleshy, ivory-yellow when growing,
fading to white in the herbarium, even, not cracked, the margin
continuous with the sterile mycelium; in section 100-150 \l
thick, not colored, composed of suberect, branching, densely ar-
ranged and somewhat interwoven hyphae 3-33^ y. in diameter,
short-celled, occasionally nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; ba-
sidia simple, cylindric, 27 X 3J^-4J^ p., with 4 knob-shaped
sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, 6-8 X 3^-43^ [*., copious;
some imbedded spores present.

Fructifications 5-10 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide.

In thick bark of coniferous logs on side walls of tunnels made by
a bark-boring beetle. Idaho probably.

C. cultum is one of the species which should be considered in
connection with the fungous flora of burrows of bark-boring
insects. The term " ambrosia fungi" has been used for some
other fungi growing in such places. The type specimen of
C. cultum is scanty but well fruited. The species has not been
received from any source as growing on the exterior of bark or
wood.

Specimens examined:
Idaho: probably Idaho but only general locality stated, J. R.

Weir, comm. by W. G. Farlow, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44655).

42. C. rubellum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, thin, somewhat mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moist, vinaceous-fawn,
becoming wood-brown in the herbarium, even, not waxy, the
margin thinning out; in section 120-500 y. thick, not colored
when thin but somewhat colored in thick fructifications and then
stratose, with the hyphae arranged longitudinally and crowded
together parallel with the substratum in each stratum, more
loosely interwoven towards the hymenium, 2J^-3 y. in diameter,
not incrusted, rarely nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; spores
copious, hyaline, even, 6-9 X 5-6 y., flattened on one side, with
a small apiculus on the flattened side near the base.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 233

Fructifications 5-10 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide.

On decorticated wood of dead Vitis and on decaying bark of
Quercus Gambelii and Tilia. Florida, Illinois, Colorado, and
Manitoba. July to October.

C. rubellum differs from C. rubicundum in becoming finally
stratose and somewhat colored, having larger and more subglobose
spores, and occurring on dead grape vines, oak, and bass wood.
The Florida specimen lacks spores and may be incorrectly re-
ferred here. C. confluens has similar spores.

Specimens examined:
Florida: New Smyrna, W. A. Murrill, 27, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62081).
Illinois: Glencoe, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 941, type; River Forest,

E. T. & S. A. Harper, 661.
Colorado: Deer Creek Park, E. Bartholomew, 9149, 9150.
Manitoba: Winnipeg, A. H. R. Butler, comm. by G. R. Bisby,

724 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58987).

43. C. hydnans (Schw.) Burt, n. comb.

Radulum hydnans Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4:
164. 1832; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 112. 1895.— Corticium collicu-
losum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 2: 3. 1873; Peck, N. Y. State
Mus. Rept. 28: 52. 1876; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 618. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 134. 1890.

Type: in Farlow Herb, and probably in Schweinitz Herb.

Fructifications long and widely effused, adnate, thin, mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moistened, pinkish buff
to cinnamon-buff in the herbarium, becoming more or less col-
liculose or somewhat tuberculate, cracking into polygonal masses
1-2 mm. in diameter, the margin whitish, with hyphae inter-
woven; in structure 100-300 y. thick, not colored, with the hyphae
longitudinally arranged next the substratum and then ascending
and interwoven to the hymenium, 2-3 y. in diameter, not in-
crusted; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, 5-8 X 2)^-3}^ ji.

Fructifications 1-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On decaying frondose limbs on the ground. Canada to Texas
and westward to Washington and British Columbia. April to
November. Occasional.

[Vol. 13
234 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

C. hydnans is intermediate between Corticium and Radulum
with granules rather too broad at base, too little elevated and too
convex to be a typical Radulum in configuration, and yet always
leading one to search for more raduloid teeth. It is well named
as C. hydnans or by its later name C. colliculosum. It may be
distinguished from Radulum orbiculare in doubtful cases by its
lack of gloeocystidia.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 329 and 717 b, the latter under

the name Corticium subgiganteum; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 126,

227, both under the name Corticium calceum; de Thiimen, Myc.

Univ., 605.
Canada: Gaspe*, J. Macoun, 530.
Ontario: London, J. Dearness, 1178 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

18773).
New Hampshire: North Conway, A. S. Rhoads, 7 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56893).
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Sprague, 96, type of Corticium colliculosum (in

Curtis Herb., 5297).
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14834) ; Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1011, 1212,

1219; East Galway, E. A. Burt; Grand View, H. von Schrenk (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42817) ; Ithaca, H. S. Jackson, comm. by

Cornell Univ. Herb., 14390, and W. H. Long (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 62987); New Baltimore, C. H. Peck, comm. by

N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 30 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56071); Trenton Falls, C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., T 9 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54572).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, and (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61636) and in Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 717 b, and de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 605.
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type of Radulum hydnans

(in Schweinitz Herb, and Farlow Herb.) ; Center County, C. R.

Orton, comm. by L. O. Overholts, 2940 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 8265); State College, L. 0. Overholts, 304-0 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5689); Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 3.
Maryland: Rock Creek, C. L. Shear, 1046.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 235

District of Columbia: Washington, C. L. Shear, 1261.

North Carolina: Biltmore Estate, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61382).
Georgia: Darien, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am. 227.
Florida: Gainesville, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am., 126.
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 5642; St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, comm. by

U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.
Texas: Lindheimer, Jfi (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4819).
West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1175.
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 2365, 3118.
Ohio: Cincinnati, comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2792; Loveland, D. L.

James, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr. Herb.
Illinois: Glen Ellyn, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 955; River Forest, E.

T.&S.A. Harper, 734.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kaufman, 48 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 8083); Gogebic County, E. A. Bessey, 248 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56613).
Missouri: Grandin, H. von Schrenk (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

43021).
Nebraska: Long Pine, C. L. Shear, 1065.
British Columbia: Yoho Valley, J. Macoun, 6.
Washington: Bellingham, J. R. Weir, 545 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5899).
California: Santa Catalina Island, L. W. Nuttall, 402, in part (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57614).

44. C. rubicundum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, rather thick, membranaceous,
loosely attached, separable, drying buff-pink to light vinaceous-
cinnamon, slightly tubercular, pruinose, the margin radiating,
whitish; in section 200-500 [l thick, not colored, with a hymenial
layer 60 \l thick borne on a broad layer reaching to the sub-
stratum and composed of interwoven, thick-walled, hyaline
hyphae 3-4 [l in diameter, not incrusted, occasionally nodose-
septate; no gloeocystidia; basidia 4-spored; spores hyaline, even,
4-7 X 3— 4J^ ;a, copious.

[Vol. 13
236 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 6-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide.
On bark of logs of Tsuga canadensis, Picea and Pinus. Canada,
Colorado and Washington. September.

C. rubicundum has large, sheet-like, loosely attached fructi-
fications with somewhat the aspect of those of Peniophora
velutina but lacking cystidia. The thick, membranaceous, loosely
attached fructification is suggestive of a resupinate Stereum but
I have seen no Stereum of which this may be the resupinate stage.
The occurrence on hemlock bark should help in identifying
future gatherings.

Specimens examined:
Canada: Lake Rosseau, Ontario, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 637, type.
Colorado: near Mancos, G. G. Hedgcock, comm. by C. J. Hum-
phrey, 2560.
Washington: Mt. Paddo, W. N. Suksdvrf, 735, 736.

45. C. granulatum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, closely adnate, central portions
fawn-color, becoming wood-brown in the herbarium, dull rather
than shining, with some scattered, small granules, not cracked,
the margin fimbriate, fading from ochroleucous to whitish; in
section 120-240 \i thick, not colored, with a narrow incrusted
zone, the hyphae densely interwoven, 3 y. in diameter, somewhat
incrusted, not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; basidia protrud-
ing slightly when mature, with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline,
even, 4-5 X 2-3 y..

Fructifications 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On very rotten wood of Populus trichocarpa. Idaho. Sep-
tember and October.

This species should be readily recognized by its color when
fresh, somewhat granular hymenium, and occurrence on decaying
poplar wood. The incrustation of the hyphae is a good available
character for separation from C. subceraceum and C. deflectens.

Specimens examined:
Idaho: Priest River, /. R. Weir, 33, type, and 106.

46. C. illaqueatum Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27:
238. 1911.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 237

Type: authentic specimens in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, membranaceous-thin, loosely-
attached to the substratum, small pieces separable when moist,
becoming cream-buff in the herbarium, even, not cracked regu-
larly, the margin somewhat arachnoid; in section 150-300 ji
thick, not colored, composed of loosely interwoven, thin-walled
hyphae 3-4 y. in diameter, nodose-septate, with some incrusta-
tion next to the substratum; no gloeocystidia ; spores hyaline,
even, 4J^-6 X 3 pi, borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, Yz-V/i cm. wide.

On bark of decaying Castanea and other frondose species.
France and Louisiana. September to January.

C. illaqueatum has color somewhat like that of C. ceraceum and
C. hydnans but is loosely attached to the substratum and has
smaller spores than the former and does not crack in drying like
the latter.

Specimens examined:
France: Aveyron, H. Bourdot, 16063, and M. Galzin, 12684,

12689, 15107, comm. by H. Bourdot, 18548, 16092, 12623.
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 203.

47. C. Rosae Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, rather thick, membranaceous,
separable, drying Rood's brown, ceraceous, even, contracting in
drying and cracking through the hymenial layer into rectangular
masses 2-4 mm. in diameter and showing the thick, white,
cottony subiculum in the crevices, the margin white, cottony; in
section 400-600 \l thick, not colored, with the hyphae about 3 \l
in diameter, more or less incrusted in the middle region, not
nodose-septate, densely crowded together and arranged longi-
tudinally in a broad layer along the substratum, then ascending
obliquely and becoming densely interwoven in a thick hymenial
layer; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, 4-7 X 2J^-3 [i as
seen attached to the basidia.

Fructifications received in fragments 2-23^ cm. long, 1 cm.
wide — broken off on three sides.

On bark of dead wild rose — Rosa sp. British Columbia.
February.

•f

[Vol. 13
238 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

C. Rosae has thick fructifications which are conspicuous by
their reddish brown color and prominent white margin. The oc-
currence on wild rose bushes should aid in recognition of the
species. The loose attachment to the substratum by a broad
layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae is suggestive of the
genus Stereum but the specimens do not have the margin reflexed
in the least degree; I know of no Stereum of which this may be the
resupinate stage.

Specimens examined :
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 275, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63772) and another specimen of the same number

comm. by J. Dearness (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63773).

5^48. C. apiculatum Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 68. 1925.

C. areolatum Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 68. 1925.

Type: in Weir Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, membranaceous, tender,
small portions separable when moistened, between ivory-yellow
and cream color, even, contracting in drying and cracking into
angular masses about 1 mm. in diameter more or less completely
separated by fissures which show the floccose subiculum along
their sides, the margin thinning out, fibrillose; in section 90-130 y.
thick, not colored, composed of loosely interwoven, thin-walled
hyphae 23^-43^ yi in diameter, with an occasional incrusting
granule, occasionally nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia; spores
hyaline, even, 43^-5 X 2)^-3 p..

Fructifications 2-5 cm. long, lJ^-3 cm. wide.

On decaying branches of Alnus tenuifolia. Alabama to Idaho,
and British Columbia to Mexico. October and December.

C. apiculatum belongs in the C. lacteum group of species. It
should be recognized in its region by occurrence on Alnus, cream
color, and small, somewhat elliptical spores. C. areolatum has a
fructification with the areolate masses separated from one an-
other by rather wide fissures but of same color as type of C.
apiculatum, spores the same size, and fructification separable to
the same degree — certainly not closely adnate.

Specimens examined :
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 199, 202, 671 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57075, 57078, 63102).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. -XV 239

Missouri: near St. Louis, L. 0. Overholts, 3167 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5711).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 23804, type (in Weir Herb.), and

23387, type of C. areolatum (in Weir Herb.).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 33 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 6767).
Washington: Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 131, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55742).
Mexico: Jalapa, W.A.&E.L. Murrill, 123, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10748).

49. C. subceraceum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, membranaceous, sep-
arable when moist, tawny to hazel in the herbarium, even or %
with some small obtuse granules, waxy, not cracking, the margin
somewhat fimbriate, whitish;. in section 200-300(1 thick, not
colored, 2-layered, the layer next to the substratum thick, com-
posed of loosely arranged, suberect hyaline hyphae not incrusted,
not nodose-septate, mostly 4-43^ n in diameter but with a few
up to 6 \k, the hymenial layer dense, thin, undulating; no gloeo-
cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 4— 4J^ X 2-23^ \*..

Fructifications 3-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On wood and bark of fallen frondose limbs, rarely on pine.
July to October. Pennsylvania to Alabama and westward to
Illinois. Infrequent.

C. subceraceum resembles in general aspect C. ceraceum but has
small spores. This species should be compared with Grandinia
mucida when the problem of the latter is being solved; the only
European specimen of G. mucida which I have studied was shared
with me by Bresadola and is distinct, having aspect of the illus-
tration in Fries, Icones Hym., pi. 195, f. 3.

Specimens examined:
Pennsylvania: Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 76, type, and an un-
numbered specimen, both received under the name Corticium

laeve of Herbst, Fung. Fl. Lehigh Valley.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1275.
District of Columbia: W. A. Murrill, 1U6 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61491).

[Vol. 13
240 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

North Carolina: Salem, Schweinilz, the Thelephora aurantia of
Schweinitz, Fungi Car. and Thelephora (Grandinia) mucida of
Schweinitz, Syn. N. Am. Fungi, 708 (in Schweinitz Herb.).

Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 191 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 57070).

Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 1684, 8128.

Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 4177, 4179; Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 4496;
Madisonville, C. G. Lloyd, 0171.

Illinois: Cerro Gordo, L. 0. Overholts, 8121 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

„ Herb., 5715); River Forest, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 658.

50. * C. roseo-pallens Burt in Lyman, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.
Proc. 33: 173. pi. 20, f. 56-78. 1907.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, adnate, membranaceous,
tender, small pieces separable when moist, flesh-pink when fresh,
fading to ivory-yellow in the herbarium, at first with the hy-
menium interrupted, at length continuous, waxy, even, the margin
thinning out, with the hyphae interwoven; in section 100-200 (x
thick, not colored, with the hyphae suberect, interwoven, more
loosely arranged near the substratum, 3— 3J^ (j. in diameter, not
incrusted, occasionally nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia ; basidia
4-spored; spores pale rose when first collected, fading to white,
even, cylindric, slightly curved, 4-5 X l}^-2 ;x.

Fructifications 3-12 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of decaying logs of Fagus, Populus, Quercus,
etc. Maine to Louisiana and in Missouri. October. Occa-
sional.

This species may be recognized by its broadly effused, thin,
flesh-pink or pale rosy salmon fructifications, fading upon drying
to nearly white and by the small allantoid spores. In his dis-
cussion of a portion from my type, comm. to Bresadola under the
name C. rubropallens, Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27:
258. 1911, regard their C. subtestacewn as a synonym and C.
incrustans v. Hohn. & Litsch. as scarcely distinct. I have not
seen specimens of the latter species and those of the former, com-
municated to me by Bourdot, are hardly convincing.

Specimens examined :

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 241

Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 7 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55291).
Vermont: Grand View Mountain, E. A. Burt; Middlebury, E. A.

Burt; Rip ton, E. A. Burt, type; Weybridge, E. A. Burt.
Massachusetts: Stony Brook, G. R. Lyman, 11$; Waverly, G. R.

Lyman, 11$.
New York: Albany, H. D. House, 1 4.170 and H. D. House & J.

Rubinger (in Mo. Bot, Gard. Herb., 44721, 8732); Ithaca,

G. F. Atkinson, 2559a; Sylvan Beach, H. D. House (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 9089).
Louisiana: Lafayette, A. B. Langlois, 1764, comm. by W. G.

Farlow.
Missouri: Creve Coeur, B. M. Duggar (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44821).

51. C. ochraceum Fries, Epicr. 563. 1838; Hym. Eur. 652.
1874; Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. 275. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 624. 1888; Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 60. pi 170, f. 1. 1898;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 256. 1911; Rea, Brit.
Basid. 680. 1922.

Thelephora calcea var. argillacea Fries, Elench. Fung. 1: 215.
1828.

Type: in Fries Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, rather thick,
becoming pinkish buff to wood-brown in the herbarium, waxy,
even or somewhat papillose, contracting in drying and cracking
to the substratum into rectangular masses about 3^-1 mm. in
diameter, and showing sides of the fissures composed of firm,
dense, agglutinate structure, the margin at first whitish, soon
concolorous, thinning out; in section 300-500 (x thick, becoming
somewhat zonate or stratose, not colored, composed of erect
hyphae densely crowded, interwoven, and so closely glued to-
gether that the deeply staining lumen is the distinguishable part ;
gloeocystidia, if present at all, so similar to the hyphae in form
and diameter that there is no indication of them except in aqueous
mounts; spores hyaline, even, 4-6 X 23^-3 J/£ (x.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On decorticated and sometimes charred limbs on the ground of

V

[Vol. 13
242 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Pinus Strobus and other conifers. In Europe and in Vermont,
Alabama, Idaho, and Washington. September and October.
Rare in North America.

C. ochraceum somewhat resembles in general aspect C. lactescens
and is, in my opinion, related to the latter by hyphae in barely
the beginning of differentiation into gloeocystidia. C. ochraceum
of American plant lists is based on misdetermined specimens.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Femsjo, E. Fries, type (in Fries Herb.); North Sweden,

L. Romell, 403; Smoland, E. Fries, authentic specimen of

Corticium calceum var. argillaceum (in Fries Herb.).
Austria: Innsbruck, Tirol, V. Litschauer.
Italy: on Abies excelsa in Alps Mts., G. Bresadola.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 606 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57471).
Montana: Rexford, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12017

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63373).
Idaho : Priest River, J. R. Weir, 59.
Washington: Hoquiam, C. J. Humphrey, 6373; Seattle, C. J.

Humphrey, 6454, and W. A. Murrill, 135, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55737).

52. C. furfuraceum Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 69. 1925.

Type: in Weir Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, thin, furfura-
ceous, ivory-yellow to pinkish buff in the herbarium, becoming
somewhat cracked, the margin thinning out, pruinate; in section
60-140 y. thick, not colored, composed of suberect, thin-walled
hyphae about 3 \l in diameter, somewhat collapsed and irregular
in outline, indistinct, not incrusted; no gloeocystidia nor con-
ducting organs; spores hyaline, even, 4-5 J^ X 2% V~

Fructifications more than 10 cm. long, for broken off at
both ends, 6 cm. wide.

On decaying wood of logs of Abies grandis, Pinus monticola,
P. contorta, P. ponderosa, and Larix occidentalis. Montana,
Idaho, Washington, and British Columbia. August and Sep-
tember. Probably common.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 243

C . furfuraceum may be recognized on the substrata given by the
very thin, closely adnate fructifications of ivory-yellow to pinkish
buff color, which crack slightly by contraction in drying and have
small spores.

Specimens examined :
Montana: Evaro, J. R. Weir, 439 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63714) ; Missoula, J. R. Weir, 401, 409 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 11316,63717).
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 17211, type, 16764 and 16927 (in Weir

Herb.).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mountains, near Salmo, J. R. Weir,

481, 501, 526 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63725, 63716, 63715).
Washington: Kalama, C. J. Humphrey, 6225.

53. C. lividum Persoon, Obs. Myc. 1: 38. 1796; Fries,
Epicr. 563. 1838; Hym. Eur. 652. 1874; Berkeley, Outl. Brit.
Fung. 275. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 623. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 152. 1890; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 27: 253. 1911; Rea, Brit. Basid. 680. 1922.

Thelephora livida Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1: 148. 1822; Fries,
Syst. Myc. 1 : 447. 1821 ; Elench. Fung. 1 : 218. 1828.— Phlebia
livida (Pers.) Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 105.
1897. — Grandinia ocellata Fries, Epicr. 527. 1838; Hym. Eur.
626. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 501. 1888.— An Cariicium
hepaticum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 180. 1873?

Fructifications broadly effused, agglutinated, sometimes be-
coming rather thick, somewhat waxy-gelatinous, not separable,
varied in color, gray or tinged reddish or bluish, becoming pale
smoke gray, cinnamon-buff, and raisin-black in the herbarium,
pruinose, even or sometimes radiately wrinkled or tuberculate by
aggregations of imbedded crystalline matter, the margin thinning
out, similar or whitish; in section 100-500 [i thick, not colored
usually, rarely slightly brownish, composed of densely inter-
woven, suberect hyphae about 2-3 [i in diameter, with the walls
gelatinously modified and glued together; no gloeocystidia ;
spores hyaline, even, 3-5 X 1^-2 y..

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide.

On rotting logs," usually decorticated, of coniferous species,

[Vol. 13
244 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

more rarely on frondose logs. In Europe, Canada to Texas,
and westward to British Columbia and California, and in Vene-
zuela and East Indies. June to December. Probably common.
C. lividum may be recognized by its livid fructifications of gray,
reddish, or bluish tinge and of somewhat gelatinous consistency,
somewhat suggestive of those of Peniophora gigantea in aspect but
destitute of cystidia. C. hepaticum seems to me referable to
C. lividum but I need to study the type again in the feature of
the slightly reflexed margin, which I now suspect may be that of a
different species overrun by C. lividum. Since the tubercules of
the Grandinia ocellata form are due to heaps of imbedded crystals,
it has seemed to taxonomists that this species is a Corticium
rather than a Grandinia. ^ - ^ . - .

« .j v ft>*^-&t~v no? mi

Specimens examined:
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, 214, E. A. Burt, 3 gatherings, L.

Romellj comm. by Bresadola.
Austria: Steiermark, N. Rechinger, comm. & det. by V. Lit-

schauer; Tirol, V. Litschauer.
Hungary : Kmet, comm. by Bresadola.
Italy: G. Bresadola.
England: Mulgrave Woods, E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57115).
Canada: /. Macoun, 94, and 350, comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 8269) ; /. Dearness (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56797) ; Ottawa, J. Macoun, 2, 46, 53.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Ampersand, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56102); Catskill Mts., C. H. Peck

(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55792).
Pennsylvania: State College, L. 0. Overholts, 3425 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54471).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1269.
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, comm. by W. G.

Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44693), and comm. by Ellis

Herb, (in Burt Herb.).
Texas: Silsbee, W. H. Long, 21227 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55127).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 245

Wisconsin: Lake Geneva, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 839.

Montana: Anaconda, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12007
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63367); Como, E. E. Hubert, comm.
by J. R. Weir, 11958 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63315) ; Evaro,
J. R. Weir, 421 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14764) ; Kalispell,
E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11972 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 63333); Libby, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir,
11347, 11360, 12041 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63701, 63702,
63391); Missoula, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11981
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63334) ; Radnor, E. E. Hubert, comm.
by J. R. Weir, 11645 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63707).

Idaho: Coeur d'Alene, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11993
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63356); Priest River, J. R. Weir,
6364 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58373), and 13, 76, 84; Santa,
E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11755, 12003, 12042 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63313, 63365, 63392).

British Columbia: Kootenai Mts. near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 527
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20903); Sidney, J. Macoun, 85, 380
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63693, 63764); Vancouver Island,
J. Macoun, comm. by J. Dearness, V 85 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 22729).

Washington: Kalama, C. J. Humphrey, 6138.

Oregon: Philomath, S. M. Zeller, 2159 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
58774).

California: Requa, R. Kelly, comm. by A. S. Rhoads, 16 (in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 56985).

Venezuela: La Guayra, A. F. Blakeslee, comm. by W. G. Farlow
(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55294).

East Indies : Batavia, Rick, comm. by Bresadola under the name
Phlebia livida (Pers.) Bres.

54. C. Overholtsii Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, thin, somewhat mem-
branaceous, at first between pale salmon and pale grayish vina-
ceous, becoming tilleul-buff in the herbarium, even, pruinose, not
cracked, the margin thinning out, somewhat fimbriate; in section
160 n thick, not colored, composed of suberect, densely inter-

[Vol. 13
246 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

woven, conglutinate hyphae up to 3 [i in diameter, not incrusted,
with wall gelatinously modified, the outline not well defined; no
gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, 5-6 X 2-2J^ V-, copious.

Fructifications lJ^-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On thick bark of dead Pinus rigida. Pennsylvania. October.

C. Overholtsii has the livid color of C. vinaceo-scabens but nothing
else in common with that species. In structural details it is re-
lated to C. lividum but does not have the appearance of dried
cartilage or resin, characteristic of all specimens of the latter
known to me.

Specimens examined:
Pennsylvania: Reitz Gap, L. 0. Overholts, 4656, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57155).

55. C. Pseudotsugae Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, not at all
separable, light buff in the herbarium, even, not shining, not
cracked, the margin similar, thinning out, pulverulent; in section
45-55 [a thick, not appreciably colored, composed of densely in-
terwoven hyphae aboiit 1^-2 \l in diameter, not incrusted, con-
glutinate; no gloeocystidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores
hyaline, even, 3-5 X 2-3 y..

Fructifications 5-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On decorticated, decaying wood of Pseudotsuga taxifolia and
Tsuga canadensis. New York and Idaho. August to November.

C. Pseudotsuga is almost exactly the avellaneous color of
Saccardo's 'Chromotaxia.' This color, occurrence on hemlock,
and very thin fructifications are the most available characters for
recognition of the species.

Specimens examined:
New York: Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, 2627.
Idaho: Sandpoint, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11617, type

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63305).

56. C. confine Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 260.
1911.

Type : authentic specimen in Burt Herb.

1926] m

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 247

Fructification^ broadly effused, thin, closely adnate, pale
pinkish buff to pale olive-buff in the herbarium, not shining,
hypochnoid, rimose-granular into areas or granules about 2-3 to
a mm., the margin thinning out, byssoid; in section 75-150 p.
thick, not colored, composed of erect, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae
23^-3 [t. in diameter, of irregular outline, collapsing, nodose-
septate; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, 3-5 X 2J^ (i,
copious.

Fructifications 4-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide.

On decaying frondose wood. France and Vermont. May to
August.

This species is related to Grandinia by its granular aspect but
the granules seem to have originated so largely from the cracking
of the fructification to the substratum that I concur in the in-
clusion in Corticium. It has a more hypochnoid surface than
C. scutellare.

Specimens examined:
France: Allier, H. Bourdot, 16064, 16065.
Vermont: Middlebury, Battell Ledge, E. A. Burt.

57. C. analogum (B. & G.) Burt, n. comb.

Gloeocystidium analogum Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui.
28:366. 1913.

Type: authentic specimen in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thick, adnate, fleshy-membra-
naceous, small pieces separable when moistened, becoming maize-
yellow to chamois in the herbarium, somewhat colliculose, not
cracked or but little cracked, not shining, the margin thinning
out; in section 500-1000 y. thick, colored like the hymenium, be-
coming zonate or somewhat stratose, composed of hyphae 3-4 (i
in diameter, densely interwoven, conglutinate and poorly defined,
of great numbers of imbedded spores and gloeocystidia; gloeo-
cystidia immersed in many zones or layers, 40-80 X 6-8 [x, be-
coming dissolved by potassium hydrate solution; imbedded
spores subglobose, 5-6 X 5 pi, minutely rough, slightly colored in
the deeper portions of the fructification, hyaline at the surface of
the hymenium; spores on basidia not demonstrated.

Fructifications in fragments up to 8 cm. long, 3 cm. wide.

[Vol. 13
248 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On decaying wood of Quercus and Fraxinus in France, of
Quercus in Maine, and of Populus trichocarpa in Idaho. July to
October. Probably rare.

C. analogum has general aspect and color of C. galactinum and
C. portentosum and structure related to that of C. effuscatum.
The thick, stratose fructifications, containing great numbers of
imbedded spores and gloeocystidia, afford good additional dis-
tinctive characters. The Maine specimens are doubtfully re-
ferred here as a young first-stratum stage.

Specimens examined:
France: Aveyron, A. Galzin, 12485, authentic specimen, coram.

by H. Bourdot, 16164.
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt.
Idaho : Priest River, J. R. Weir, 25.

58. C. effuscatum Cooke & Ellis, Grevillea 9: 103. 1881;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 633. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 142. 1890; Lyman, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 33: 176.
pi. 21, f. 74-95, pi. 22, f. 96-105. 1907.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, rather thick, membranaceous,
small pieces separable when moistened, honey-yellow to russet
when fresh, fading to cream-buff in the herbarium, even, pul-
verulent, the margin thinning out; in section 200-500 [i thick,
composed of very densely arranged, suberect, interwoven hyphae
about 2 pi in diameter, gloeocystidia, and chlamydospores; gloeo-
cystidia flexuous, 40-150 X 5-9 \k, starting from the substratum;
imbedded chlamydospores very numerous, globose, 5-6 [i in
diameter, sometimes comprising nearly the whole fructification;
basidiospores hyaline, even, 6 [l in diameter.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide.

On under side of decaying wood and bark of frondose species.
Newfoundland and Canada to Louisiana and westward to
Washington. September to November. Widely distributed and
common locally.

C. effuscatum is conspicuous when fresh by its large salmon to
brick-red fructifications. It soon fades in the herbarium to the
pallid or buff color assumed in the herbarium by many species and

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 249

must then be cautiously separated from C. confluens and Hypoch-
nus pallescens which may have the same aspect. The very
numerous imbedded chlamydospores and elongated gloeocystidia
of C. effuscatum are its characters for such separation.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1208.
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 1014 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 4805).
Canada: /. Macoun, 16; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 3.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, I±55.
Quebec: Ironsides, J. Macoun, 280.
New Hampshire : Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, E (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55001).
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 1002, 2113; North Greenbush,

H. D. House, 14.236 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44735) ; Staten

Island, W. H. Ballou; Tyre, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57718); Westport, C. H.

Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57770), and 1; White Plains, W. H. Ballou, 1, 2 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55623, 55628).
Pennsylvania : West Chester, Everhart & Haines, in Ellis, N. Am.

Fungi, 1208.
Oistrict of Columbia: Washington, C. L. Shear, 1262.
Georgia: Tipton, C. J. Humphrey, 162.

Louisiana: A. B. Langlois, 24-9; St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, Z.
Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 3824.
Illinois: Bluff Lake, L. H. Pammel (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

60655).
Missouri: Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

19458, 44071); Rose Hill, L. H. Pammel (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 60656); St. Louis, L. H. Pammel, comm. by Farlow

Herb.; Upper Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54775).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 53.

British Columbia: Vancouver Island, Cedar Hill, J. Macoun.
Washington: Arlington, C. J. Humphrey, 7611 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 10750); Kaiama, C. J. Humphrey, 6160.

[Vol. 13
250 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

59. C. abeuns Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructification broadly effused, thin, membranaceous, tender,
small pieces separable when moistened, whitish to ivory-yellow
and cream-buff in the herbarium, even, not cracked or but little
cracked, the margin whitish, thinning out, composed of inter-
woven hyphae; in section 100-240 [l thick, not colored, composed
of somewhat erect, interwoven hyphae 2J^-3 \l in diameter, not
incrusted, and of slender gloeocystidia; gloeocystidia 30-60
X 4-7 {x, numerous, immersed; spores hyaline, even, subglobose,
6-7 X 4-6 n, copious.

Fructifications 4-13 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide.

On decaying coniferous wood, rarely on bark of frondose species.
Maine to Alabama, in British Columbia and New Mexico, and in
Japan and South Africa. July to October. Infrequent.

C. abeuns has the aspect of C. lacteum and C. radiosum and
spores of nearly the same size as in these species but not quite as
globose and further notably distinct from both by its slender^
flexuous gloeocystidia.

Specimens examined:
Maine: Piscataquis County, W. A. Murrill, 1938 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63765).
New Hampshire: North Conway, W. H. Snell, 626 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 59293).
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1215; Freeville, G. F. Atkinson,

2595; Karner, C. H. Peck, comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

T 7 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54557) and another specimen (in

N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55784).
Alabama: Goldbranch, J. R. Weir, 10958 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63240); Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 229, type, and 471

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57100, 57289).
Wisconsin: Madison, M. C. Jensen, comm. by C. J. Humphrey,

617 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44785).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 490, 812 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55314, 62117); Squamish, J. Macoun, 496 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55184).
New Mexico: Datil National Forest, W. H. Long, 21046 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55145).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 251

Japan: Awaji, A. Yasuda, 12, 80 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55660, 56311).
Africa: Houtbos, Transvaal, P. A. van der Bijl, 1495.

60. C. ravum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, thin, not separ-
able, becoming pale pinkish buff to light buff in the herbarium,
even, not shining, becoming cracked at the center, the margin
thinning out, concolorous; in section 45-150 \i thick, not colored,
composed of densely arranged hyphae, interwoven near sub-
stratum but erect towards the hymenium, of numerous gloeo-
cystidia, and of very slender paraphyses; gloeocystidia 20-80
X 7-11 [l, the more ovoid ones nearer the substratum; paraphyses
more or less numerous in the hymenial surface, very slender,
hyaline, curved, %-l jx in diameter; spores white in spore col-
lection, even, 6-8 X 4-43^ p..

Fructifications up to 10 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, broken off at
both ends.

On fallen frondose limbs. Florida to Louisiana, in Missouri,
Cuba, and Brazil. August to February.

C. ravum has grayish fructifications closely resembling well-
developed ones of C. rubrocanum in general aspect but distinct by
gloeocystidia.

Specimens examined :
Florida: C. G. Lloyd, 4832.
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 126 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5282).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, 1765 and A^ type.
Missouri: Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44045).
Cuba: Omaja, C. J. Humphrey, 3056.
Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, J. N. Rose, 21462, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.

61. C. mexicanum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Fructifications adnate, small, circular, becoming confluent,

[Vol. 13
252 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

rather thick, fleshy-membranaceous, separable when moist,
cream color to cream-buff in the herbarium, somewhat velvety
or fibrillose, not cracked, the margin concolorous, fimbriate; in
section 400 ^ thick, not colored, with hyphae next to the sub-
stratum longitudinally and densely arranged, thick-walled, not
incrusted, not nodose-septate, curving outward obliquely into the
hymenium; gloeocystidia numerous in the hymenium and sub-
hymenium, clavate or cylindric, 60-120 X 9-12 j*; spores few,
even, hyaline, not seen attached to basidia, 9-11 X 6-7 (x.

Fructifications at first 2-3 mm. in diameter, becoming con-
fluent into a mass 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide.

On very rotten wood. Mexico. January.

On account of the loose attachment of the fructification to the
substratum and the broad layer of longitudinally arranged hyphae
it is possible that C. mexicanum may be the resupinate stage of a
Stereum, but if so, it is distinct from any Stereum known to me.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Xuchiles, near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 1196 \

type, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54604).

62. C. epigaeum Ell. & Ev. Jour. Myc. 1: 88. 1885; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 631. 1888.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, membranaceous, tender, small
pieces separable when moistened, white, becoming somewhat
pinkish buff in the herbarium, not cracked, the margin concolor-
ous, thinning out; in section 175-250 (x thick, not colored, 2-
layered, the layer next to the substratum about 75 y. thick, con-
sisting of densely interwoven hyphae about 2J/2-3 n in diameter,
not showing characters clearly in the type; hymenial layer 100-
150 \l thick, composed of densely arranged hyphae, gloeocystidia,
and basidia; gloeocystidia elongated; spores hyaline, even, 53^-
6 X 5 [i, confined to hymenial surface.

Fructifications 2-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On bare ground and rotten wood on the ground. New Hamp-
shire to British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. August to
April. Rare.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 253

C. epigaeum is characterized by white color, 2-layered struc-
ture, elongated gloeocystidia, and large, subglobose spores. It is
related to C. lactescens but does not become stratose nor cracked
nor as hard and compact as the latter. The type specimen itself
should be used for comparison rather than the specimens from
widely separated localities which seem to me probably to be C.
epigaeum.

Specimens examined:
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 13954).
New York: Karner, H. D. House, comm. by N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., 14.160 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44705).
Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 4517.
Michigan: New Richmond, C. H. Kaufman, 20 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 9905).
British Columbia: Hastings, J. Macoun, 129.
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 896, 754.
Oregon: Carpenter, 100, type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

63. C. lactescens Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. 274. 1860;
Fries, Hym. Eur. 650. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 612. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 138. 1890; Bresadola, Ann.
Myc. 1: 95. 1903; Wakefield, Brit. Myc. Soc. Trans. 4: 118.
pi 3, /. 6-8. 1913 ; Rea, Brit. Basid. 685. 1922.

Thelephora lactescens Berkeley in Hooker, Eng. Fl. 22: 169.
1836. — Gloeocystidium lactescens (Berk.) v. Hohnel. & Litschauer,
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 784. 1907; Bourdot &
Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 366. 1913.— Corticium Brink-
manni Bresadola in Brinkmann, Westfalische Prov.-Vereins f.
Wiss. u. Kunst Jahresber. 26: 128. 1898.

Type: in Kew Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, rather thick, closely adnate,
waxy-fleshy, small pieces separable, whitish to flesh color and
buff-pink when fresh, becoming light buff to avellaneous in the
herbarium, even, contracting greatly in drying and forming in
thick fructifications very numerous short fissures with somewhat
resin-colored sides, the margin whitish, narrow, when fresh exud-
ing a watery white milk where wounded; in section 200-1000 (j.

[Vol. 13
254 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

thick, pale avellaneous, becoming stratose when old and thick,
with a narrow layer of hyphae arranged longitudinally along the
substratum and the remainder of the fructification composed,
according to age, of one or more strata of erect, agglutinated
hyphae, basidia, and gloeocystidia; gloeocystidia very numerous,
flexuous, 60-120 X 4-9 p; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one
side, 4-8 X 3-6 \l, copious.

Fructifications 4-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On decaying wood of logs of frondose species. In Europe,
Canada to Louisiana, and westward to the Pacific states, in the
West Indies, and in Mexico. Throughout the year. Widely
distributed but not common.

C. lactescens is best recognized in thick stratose fructifications
by their cracking into short and usually disconnected fissures,
stratose and agglutinated structure, occurrence on frondose
wood, very numerous gloeocystidia, and rather large spores.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 21.

Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 176; Tyreso, L. Romell, C.
Germany: Westfalia, Lengerich, W. Brinkmann, part of type of

Corticium Brinkmanni from Bresadola.
Austria: Innsbruck, Tirol, V. Litschauer, 2 specimens; N.

Austria, V. Litschauer.
Italy: Trent, G. Bresadola; Pisa, T. Archangeli, comm. by Herb.

Horti Pisani (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44564).
France: Bois de Boulogne, Paris, G. F. Atkinson.
England: M. J. Berkeley, in Berkeley, Brit. Fungi, 21; West

Farleigh, M . J. Berkeley (in Kew Herb.) ; West Walling, M. J.

Berkeley (in Kew Herb.).
Canada: J. Macoun, 12, 20, 81; Hemlock Lake, Beech wood, J.

Macoun, 450; Billings Bridge, J. Macoun, 55; Carleton Place,

J. Macoun, 91; Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 26, 82,

86; Ontario, Belleville, J. Macoun, 581.
Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 477 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 4833).
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt; Silver Lake, Leicester, E. A.

Burt.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 255

Massachusetts: Arlington, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G.

Farlow, 34.
New York: Kirkville, L. M. Underwood, 55 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61566) ; Ithaca, Thorn, comm.

by Cornell Univ. Herb., 13725; Vaughns, Hudson Falls, S. H.

Burnham, 26 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54492).
North Carolina: Biltmore Estate, W. A. Murrill (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61564, and Burt Herb.).
Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 5650.
Tennessee: Unaka Springs, W. A. Murrill, 623 (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61565).
Michigan: Mass, C. J, Humphrey, 1638 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 14228).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 76, 378, 496 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5752, 55316, 55317).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 909, 911.
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 1771, 1905 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56848, 56881).
California: Pasadena, A. J. McClatchie, 786 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61461).
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 68, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 1682).
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 3357, 5576 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7688, 11346).
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 16.

64. C. salmoneum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb, and in Farlow Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, rather thick, somewhat
membranaceous, small pieces separable when moist, " orange-
salmon' ' when fresh, becoming vinaceous-buff in the herbarium,
even, somewhat velvety, not shining, not at all cracked, the
margin similar, determinate, thinning abruptly; in section 360 {i
thick, not colored, composed of densely interwoven hyphae 3-6 \i
in diameter, thin-walled, not incrusted, glued together so that
the outline is not clearly defined; gloeocystidia cylindric, up to
100 X 8-9 [i, very numerous, confined to the hymenium; spores
hyaline, even, 5 X 3J^ \l.

[Vol. 13
256 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 4-6 cm. long, 13^-23^ cm. wide, and broken
off on three sides in the specimens seen. Probably large.

On bark of decaying frondose wood. West Indies.

This tropical species is somewhat related to C. lactescens but
differs in not becoming cracked nor stratose and in having its
gloeocystidia of nearly equal length and arranged side by side in
palisade manner in the hymenial layer.

Specimens examined:
Grenada: Chilly Brook, Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, type, comm.

by W. G. Farlow, 16.

65. C. Macounii Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications widely effused, closely adnate, soft and fleshy
when fresh, drying somewhat cartilaginous, small pieces separable
when moistened, white, becoming ivory-yellow in the herbarium,
even, sometimes cracking in drying, the margin thinning out; in
section 60-150 (jl thick, not colored, with the hyphae suberect,
branching, 23^-3 \l in diameter; gloeocystidia, or perhaps con-
ducting organs, very slender, 30-90 X 3-33^2 y., starting from the
substratum; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, slightly flattened
on one side, 8-10 X 6-9 ji, pointed at base, copious.

Fructifications 3-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On decorticated, decaying pine wood. Canada, and perhaps
New Hampshire and New York. October. Rare.

C. Macounii is much thinner than C. Berkeleyi and contracts in
drying to a horn-like coating on the wood. The gloeocystidia or
conducting organs are distinctive but inconspicuous. The
specimens from New Hampshire and New York are a little
thicker than the Canadian specimens by the presence of a layer
of hyphae densely arranged, parallel with the substratum.

Specimens examined:
Canada: Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 86.
Quebec : Hull, J. Macoun, 368, type.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow.
New York: Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 14102.

66. C. argentatum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 257

Fructifications long-effused, thin, closely adnate, not at all
separable, pale drab-gray, even, somewhat pruinose, becoming
cracked, the margin similar or whitish, thinning out; in section
150 ^ thick, colored buffy brown, composed of densely arranged,
interwoven, erect hyphae and gloeocystidia ; the hyphae about
3 \L in diameter, incrusted near the substratum; gloeocystidia
very numerous in all regions, usually flexuous, 40-50 X 8-12 \l,
but some 6-12 \l in diameter in the form of spherical brown
masses; spores hyaline, even, 4-6 X 3 \l — few found and may not
belong.

Fructification 10 cm. long, 1 cm. wide.

On under side of small branches of Salix. Nebraska. Febru-
ary. Apparently local.

C. argentatum has aspect so similar to Peniophora cinerea and
C. subcinerea that microscopic examination of sections is necessary
to separate it from these more common species. Distinguishing
characters are the silvery color externally and brown color within
and numerous gloeocystidia, some of which have the form of
brown spherical masses such as occur in Peniophora serialis.

Specimens examined :
Nebraska: Long Pine, C. L. Shear, 1094, type.

67. C. septentrionale Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, thin, small pieces separ-
able when moist, drying snow-white, waxy, pulverulent, cracking
by wide fissures into rectangular masses about 3x2 mm., the
margin similar, composed of interwoven hyphae; in section
150-200 \k thick, not colored, composed of hyphae loosely arranged
below, suberect, bushy-branched, nodose-septate, 3-33^ \l in
diameter, not incrusted; gloeocystidia flexuous, up to 45 X 6 (x,
sometimes capitate or moniliform at apex, confined to the hy-
menial layer; spores hyaline, even, cylindric, 6-8 X 2-23^-3 \iy
not numerous; basidia with 4 sterigmata.

Fructifications 5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, broken off at both ends.

On decaying, weathered, frondose wood. Alabama and Mani-
toba. October.

Among the species having gloeocystidia C. septentrionale is

/

[Vol. 13
258 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

noteworthy by its snow-white color; the long spores and gloeo-
cystidia with occasionally capitate or moniliform apex may be
helpful, confirmatory characters.

Specimens examined:
Alabama: Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke, 672 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63092).
Manitoba: Winnipeg, G. R. Bisby, 1346, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 60556).

68. C. stramineum Bresadola, Hedwigia 39: (221). 1900;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 193. 1902.

Gloeocystidium stramineum Bresadola in Brinkmann, West-
falische Pilze, 18; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 361.
1913.— See Wakefield, Brit. Myc. Soc. Trans. 4: 341. 1918.

Type: type distribution in Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 18.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, thin, somewhat mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moist, becoming car-
tridge-buff to cream-buff in the herbarium, even, becoming some-
what cracked, the margin thinning out, pruinose, similar; in
section 100-200 tA thick, not colored, composed of suberect,
interwoven hyaline hyphae 2-3 ^l in diameter, not incrusted, and
of elongated gloeocystidia; gloeocystidia flexuous, tapering to-
wards apex, 40-100 X 4J^-9 \l; spores hyaline, even, 4-6 X 2-
3 [i, not copious.

Fructifications 2-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On bark of decaying Alnus, Acer rubrum, and Carya. In
Europe, and from Canada to South Carolina and westward to
British Columbia and in Mexico. September to January. Rare.

C. stramineum may be recognized among our species having
gloeocystidia, by its thin, whitish to straw-colored fructification
on Acer rubrum.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: L. Romell, 419.
Germany: Lengerich, Westphalia, W. Brinkmann, part of type

from Bresadola.
Austria: Tirol, V. Litschauer, 4 specimens from Innsbruck,

Klosterberg, Stubai, and Volders, respectively.
Canada: J. Macoun, 28; Ontario, Ottawa, J. Macoun, 18.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 259

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 31 and unnumbered

specimen.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt.
New York: Bronx Park, L. M. Underwood (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61594); Ithaca, G. F. At-

kinson, 3087; Earner, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54365, 54362).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1338.
South Carolina: Hartsville, W. C. Coker, 3947 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57415).
Kentucky: Crittenden, C. G. Lloyd, 3124.
Missouri: Creve Coeur, F. P. McWhorter (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57451).
British Columbia : Sidney, J. Macoun, 74, 80, in part (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 5749, 5750).
Mexico: Orizaba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 763, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54634.

69. C. Litschaueri Burt, n. sp.

Type : in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, thin, somewhat mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moistened, between
ivory-yellow and olive-buff in the herbarium, even, becoming
somewhat cracked, not shining, the margin thinning out; in
section 200 \k thick, not colored, composed of loosely interwoven,
thick-walled hyphae 3 y. in diameter, nodose-septate, not in-
crusted; gloeocystidia flexuous, 45-120 X 4}^-6 jj,, in all regions
of the fructification; spores hyaline, even, cylindric, flattened on
one side, 9-10 X 3-33^ (x, four to a basidium.

Fragments of fructification 2 cm. long, 1-1 J^ cm. wide, broken
off on three sides.

On bark of Alnus and apple. North Dakota and Oregon.

C. Litschaueri has the aspect of C. stramineum and occurs on a
frequent substratum of the latter but the spores of C. Litschaueri
are the larger and the hyphae are thicker-walled than those of
C. stramineum and more like those of P. cremea.

[Vol. 13
260 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined :
North Dakota: Brenckle, comm. by V. Litschauer, 1, type.
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 2219 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63029).

70. C. protrusum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, rather thick, dry, felty-mem-
branaceous, separable, drying between light buff and cream color,
even, conforming to irregularities of the substratum, not cracked,
the margin a little paler than the hymenium, thinning out, with
the hyphae interwoven; in section 500 \l thick, not colored, 2-
layered, with (1) a broad layer next to the substratum of very
densely and longitudinally arranged hyphae, and with (2) a
somewhat more loosely arranged layer of interwoven, suberect,
hyaline hyphae 4-4J^ y. in diameter, not incrusted, and occasional
gloeocystidia ; gloeocystidia flexuous, up to 60 X 43^-5 [l; basidia
4-spored, not side by side and adhering together in a compact
palisade layer but very numerous and protruding individually
6-15 [i; spores attached to basidia are hyaline, even, 6 X 23^-3 [a,
tapering towards the base, not copious.

Fructification 6 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, broken off on one side
and at one end — probably large.

On bark of a badly decayed frondose log in a moist virgin forest.
Mexico. December.

C. protrusum has a large fructification of general aspect and
color of that of C. portentosum and C. galactinum but softer than
these, of quite different structure, and having gloeocystidia. The
basidia protrude beyond the general level of the fructification in
the manner of cystidia; the presence of spores at the apex shows
convincingly their real nature.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 157, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 10354).

71. C. livido-caeruleum Karsten, Notiz ur Sallsk. pro Faun,
et Fl. Fenn. Forh. 9 : 370. 1868; Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur
och Folk 25: 315. 1876; 48: 415. 1889; Icones Hym. Fenniae

1926

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 261

3 : 8. /. 75. 1889 ; Fries, Hym. Eur. 652. 1874 ; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 623. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 152. 1890.

Gloeocystidium livido-caeruleum (Karst.) v. Hohnel & Lit-
schauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1554. 1906;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 355. 1913.— An
Corticium plumbeum Fries, Hym. Eur. 653. 1874?

Type: studied from Karsten Herb, in Helsingfors by v. Hohnel
& Litschauer, loc. tit.

Fructifications long-effused, agglutinate, waxy-soft, not separ-
able, white at first, then darkening in spots, finally more or less
completely slate-gray to dark plumbeous, white, pruinose,
rarely cracked; in section 100-250 \x thick, colored within when
mature by 1-3 bluish black layers whose color is unchanged in
lactic acid mounts but becomes at first vinaceous and is then
dissolved and the sections bleached by potassium hydrate solu-
tion; very young fructifications not colored within; hyphae about
3 [x in diameter, glued together so that the outline is not clearly
shown; gloeocystidia elongated, flexuous, 30-60 X 3-6 |i; spores
hyaline, even, 4J^-6 X ^Vr^A v»

Fructifications 1-10 cm. long, 2 mm.-3 cm. wide.

Under side of decaying coniferous rails, boards, and shingles,
recorded on Abies, Pinus and Thuja. In Europe and in Canada,
Vermont, New York, Montana, and Manitoba. April to Sep-
tember. Infrequent.

The dark lead color of one or more layers in the interior of the
fructifications and the destruction of the coloring pigment by
seven per cent potassium hydrate solution, together with the
presence of gloeocystidia, afford a group of characters by which
C. livido-caeruleum may be confidently recognized. Karsten did
not send me an authentic specimen of his C. livido-caeruleum but
he sent a specimen with the same characters under the name Cor-
ticium plumbeum Fr.

Specimens examined:
Sweden: L. Romell, 107; Lappland, L. Romell, Jfi9.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, under the name C. plumbeum

Fr.
Austria: Tirol, Innsbruck, V. Litschauer; Stubai, V. Litschauer.
Canada : J. Macoun, 37.

[Vol. 13
262 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings.

New York: Altamont, E. A. Burt.

Montana: Fontine, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63234) ; Missoula, /. R. Weir, 1&0 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 14767), and E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R.

Weir, 11961 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63318); Trego, E. E.

Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11975 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63331).
Idaho: Avery, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 11987 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63320).
Manitoba: Norway House, G. R. Bisby, H62 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 61644).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mts., near Salmo, J. R. Weir, 1+66 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 14936).

72. C. pilosum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, becoming confluent, closely adnate,
very thin, not separable, pale pinkish buff, becoming pale olive-
buff and pale smoke-gray in the herbarium, even, not shining, but
little or not at all cracked, the margin of the same color, thinning
out; in section 30-75 y. thick, not colored, composed of densely
interwoven, hyaline hyphae 2-23^ y. in diameter, not incrusted,
of gloeocystidia, and of delicate, branching paraphyses; gloeo-
cystidia near the substratum, spherical or pyriform, 16-30 pL in
diameter or up to 30 X 15 \l, narrower gloeocystidia may be
present also ; paraphyses with slender branching tips about 1 (i in
diameter occur in the surface of the hymenium; spores hyaline,
even, curved, 6-9 X 3-4J/2 \l.

Fructifications becoming confluent over areas up to 8 cm. long
and 1-2 cm. wide.

On bark of fallen limbs of Alnus, Vitis, and Tsuga. Georgia,
Alabama and Missouri. October and April. Not common.

C. pilosum has general aspect and color suggestive of the Penio-
phora cinerea group of species but has no cystidia. The slender
branching paraphyses have been noted also in Peniophora phyl-
lophila, C. albido-carneum, C. Aikinsonii, and C. jamaicense.
Perhaps C. pilosum is mature C, albido-carneum.

1926

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 263

Specimens examined:
Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 8982, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63463).
Alabama : Auburn, Earle & Baker (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63709, 61479); Montgomery, R. P.

Burke, 16, 217, 350, 452, 613 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4738,

57089, 57221, 57275, 57443).
Missouri: Baden, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 18864).

73. C. radiosum Fries, Epicr. 560. 1838; Icones Hym. 2: 97.
pi. 198, f. 1. 1884; Hym. Eur. 649. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:
611. 1888; Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 110. 1897;
Rea, Brit. Basid. 685. 1922.

Thelephora radiosa Fries, Obs. Myc. 2: 277. 1818; Elench.
Fung. 1: 206. 1828; Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1: 130. 1822.—
Corticium pellicula (Ft.) Karsten, Soc. pro Fauna et Fl. Fenn.
Meddel. 11:5. 1885. — Corticium alutaceum (Schrad.) Bresadola,
I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 110. 1897; v. Hohnel & Lit-
schauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 115: 1556. 1906.
— Gloeocystidium alutaceum (Schrad.) Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 367. 1913.— An Thelephora alutacea Schrader,
Spic. Fl. Germ. 1:187. 1794?

Type: type illustration is Fries, Icones Hym. 2: pi. 198, f. 1.
1884. No authentic specimen determined, by E. Fries as
Thelephora (or Corticium) radiosa is known.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, membranaceous, tender,
small pieces separable, from whitish to ivory-yellow and cream-
buff in the herbarium, even, but little cracked, the margin white,
broad, radiating, fibrillose; in section 100-300 y. thick, not colored,
composed of densely interwoven, ascending hyphae rather
crowded together except where separated by vesicular bodies
which become greatly inflated and thin-walled and are finally up
to 20-60 X 15 ijl; spores hyaline, even or slightly rough, sub-
globose, 4^-7 \l in diameter or 6 X 43^-5 (x.

Fructifications 3-15 cm. long, 1-7 cm. wide.

On decaying wood of coniferous species usually. In Europe,
Canada to Pennsylvania, and westward to Alaska, British
Columbia, and Washington.

[Vol. 13
264 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

C. radiosum may be recognized by its occurrence on coniferous
wood, whitish or ivory-yellow color, white fimbriate margin,
subglobose spores about 6 (i in diameter, and presence of very
large vesicular bodies when sections are examined. These bodies
are often so inflated and with walls so tenuous that their location
is shown by vesicular spaces between the otherwise crowded
hyphae.

No authentic specimen of C. radiosum determined by E. Fries
is known to be in existence, although there are four specimens so
determined by Karsten in Herb. Fries; two of these specimens are
Peniophora laevis, another is very immature but may be Stereum
odoratum, while the fourth specimen, Karsten, No. 32, has globose
spores 6-8 X 5-6 (x but does not show vesicular bodies in my
mount. However, these four specimens present the Karsten idea
of C. radiosum as to aspect. The colored illustration of C. radi-
osum in Fries' Icones, pi. 198, f. 1, is excellent, and taken in con-
nection with the good original description by Fries and his
critical comment on the close resemblance to his Peniophora laevis,
seems to me to afford a more secure foundation for the concept of
this species as C. radiosum than as Corticium alutaceum, for
Schrader's description of Thelephora alutacea consists of the fol-
lowing five words, viz., " Supra exalbida, subtus tomentosa
nivea." This vague description is not supplemented by an illus-
tration, and I have not been able to learn of the existence of an
authentic specimen. Any statement as to synonymy in the case
of resupinate Hymenomycetes by mycologists of a former century
is of slight value when a nice feature of internal structure is
decisive.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 1211, under the name Corticium

Petersii.
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romell, 177; Stockholm, L. Romell, 113, 178,

181.
Austria: Innsbruck, Tirol, V. Litschauer; Stubai, Tirol, V. Lit-

schauer, 2 specimens — all as C. alutaceum.
Hungary: Tatra Magna, V. Greschik, from Bresadola, under the

name C. alutaceum.
Canada: Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 87; Ontario,

Ottawa, J. Macoun, 183, 20 %.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 265

Vermont: Bethel, P. Spaulding, comm. by U. S. Path. & Myc.

Coll., 2708; Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings.
Massachusetts: Sharon, A. P. D. Piguet (in Farlow Herb., 127,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55234).
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59672) ; Constableville, C. H. Peck,

comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 3 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54556, 55774); Fort Ann, S. H. Burnham, 11 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54508); Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, 2585;

Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 2527, 14186; Schuylerville, C. H. Peck,

19, and an unnumbered specimen (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

55772).
New Jersey: Newfield, «/. B. Ellis (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54450).
Pennsylvania: Belief onte, L. 0. Overholts, 3729 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55098); State College, C. R. Orton, 2, comm. by L. 0.

Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44041).
West Virginia: Nuttallburg, L. W. Nuttall, in Ell. & Ev., Fungi

Col., 1211.
Tennessee: Elkmont, C. H. Kauffman, 89 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44990).
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 36 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 19327); East Lansing, E. A. Bessey (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56178); New Richmond, C. H. Kauffman, 50 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 18523).
Missouri: Creve Coeur L. O. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

42602).
Arkansas: Fordyce, C. /. Humphrey, 2528 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 14057).
Washington: Bellingham, J. R. Weir, 5Jfi (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63744); Olympic Mts., comm. by W. G. Farlow, 3 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44588); Sedro-Woolley, C. /. Hum-

phrey, 7483.
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 25 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5686).
Alaska: Ketchikan, J. R. Weir, 329 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

16437).

[Vol. 13
266 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

74. C. vesiculosum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, thin, between
ivory-yellow and cream color in the herbarium, waxy, even, not
cracked, the margin thinning out; in section 150-S40 \l thick, not
colored, somewhat stratose, with the 3 strata or layers of the
type separated by narrow zones of hyphae glued together; hyphae
about 2 [l in diameter, thin-walled, collapsing, poorly defined,
densely interwoven; gloeocystidia up to 40 X 8 ;*; many vesicular
bodies, presumably gloeocystidia, are present and are 5-7 \i in
diameter — also larger vesicular spaces; spores hyaline, even,
4-8 X 23^-4 [l, borne on protruding basidia having 4 sterigmata.

Fructifications in fragments up to 4 cm. long, 1% cm. wide.

On decaying, frondose wood. Canada and New York. Oc-
tober.

C. vesiculosum is colored like C. radiosum but is closely adnate,
does not have a radiating, fibrillose margin, and has smaller
spores.

Specimens examined:
Canada: «/. Macoun, 71, type.
New York: East Galway, E. A, Burt

75. C. globosum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thick, adnate, spongy-soft, white,
becoming cartridge-buff, somewhat granular, not waxy, cracked
only rarely, the margin determinate, thick, with hyphae inter-
woven; in section 600-700 n thick, grayish olive near the sub-
stratum, stratose, each stratum composed of slightly colored, thin-
walled, suberect, curving and branching hyphae 3^-1 (x in di-
ameter, and of scattered, conspicuous, rather thick-walled, glo-
bose vesicular bodies 12-13 (j. in diameter; no other gloeocystidia;
no cystidia; spores hyaline, even, 3x2^..

Largest fragments of fructifications are 3 cm. in diameter and
4 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

On rotten frondose wood. West Indies. November. Prob-
ably local.

C. globosum forms thick, pulvinate fructifications suggestive in

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 267

aspect of those of resupinate Stereum Murrayi but soft and
spongy when moistened. The abundant, slender, curving hyphae
show structural relationship with Corticium investiens and Hy-
phochnus pallescens, but I find no antler-shaped branches either
at the hymenial surface or in the interior. The globose vesicular
bodies are conspicuous and a valuable distinctive character.

Specimens examined :
Cuba: Omaja, C. J. Humphrey, 2842.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 5793, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54690), and J. A. Stevenson & R. C. Rose, 6531

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55652).

76. C. subalbum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., an
Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, closely adnate, whitish to
cartridge-buff in the herbarium, even, not shining, but little
cracked, the margin similar, thinning out; in section 75 \l thick,
not colored, composed of densely interwoven hyphae about 2 [l
in diameter, and of very numerous gloeocystidia which are
broadly ovoid to subglobose, up to 30 X 15-18 n, or 20 \l in di-
ameter; very slender paraphyses with branched tips protrude
slightly beyond the basidia; spores hyaline, even, 10^-13 X
4-5 |i, copious.

Fructifications 3-5 mm. in diameter, clustered near together
and becoming confluent in a mass 5 cm. long, V/2 cm. wide.

On small dead limbs of Alnus. Georgia and Alabama. No-
vember.

C. subalbum is distinct from other gloeocystidial species by
thin, whitish fructifications, rather large spores, abundant gloeo-
cystidia, and the slender paraphyses.

Specimens examined :
Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 8983 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63462).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle, 2300, type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63375, and Burt Herb.).

77. C. vinososcabens Burt, n. sp.
Type : in Burt Herb.

[Vol. 13
268 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, rather thick, mem-
branaceous, separable when moistened, vinaceous-buff or pale
avellaneous when fresh, becoming deep purplish vinaceous where
bruised, finally between pale olive-buff and pale pinkish buff in the
herbarium, even, waxy, not cracking, the margin whitish, fimbriate ;
in section 150-450 \l thick, pale-colored, with a compact hymenial
layer containing numerous thin- walled, vesicular bodies 15-75 X
12-45 {jl, and with a very broad supporting layer consisting of thin-
walled, nodose-septate hyphae 2-3 y. in diameter, not incrusted
and loosely arranged except in thick fructifications where 1 or 2
dense narrow zones are present between substratum and hy-
menial layer; basidia 2-spored; spores white in spore collection,
even, subglobose, 6-9 X 5-7 y., slightly pointed at the base.

Fructifications 3-9 cm. long, lJ^-3 cm. wide.

On bark of fallen trunk of Abies rubra and Tsuga canadensis.
Vermont to Wisconsin. September and November. Rare.

C. vinososcabens dries a characteristic livid color, occurs on bark
of conifers, and has large subglobose spores and a vesiculose hy-
menial layer. These vesicular organs are presumably gloeo-
cystidia but so highly inflated that they appear empty under the
microscope, and with their scanty cell contents adhering to the
cell wall.

Specimens examined:
Vermont: Little Notch, Ripton, E. A. Burt, type.
New York, Karner, H. D. House, 14.210 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44730).
Wisconsin: Ladysmith, C. J. Humphrey, 1773 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 14242).

78. C. polygonium Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1:
110. 1794; Fries, Epicr. 564. 1838; Hym. Eur. 655. 1874;
Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. 276. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 627.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 144. 1890; Bresadola,
Ann. Myc. 1 : 97. 1903; Rea, Brit. Basid. 684. 1922.

Thelephora polygonia Persoon, Syn. Fung. 574. 1801; Myc.
Eur. 1: 132. 1822; Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 444. 1821; Elench.
Fung. 1: 222. 1828. — Gloeocystidium polygonium (Pers.) v.
Hohnel & Litschauer, Wiesner Festschr. Wien, 69. 1908;

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 2G9

Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 363. 1913.— G. poly-
gonium (Pers.) var. fulvescens Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 69. 1925.

Fructifications orbicular, soon confluent and broadly effused,
closely adnate, thin, pale ecru-drab to brownish drab, pruinose,
even or somewhat tubercular, waxy, the margin whitish; in
section 150-250 y. thick, not colored, composed of suberect, inter-
woven hyphae 3-5 [l in diameter, occasionally nodose-septate, and
of pyriform gloeocystidia 10-25 X 5-20 y.; spores hyaline, even,
cylindric, slightly curved, 7^-10 X 23^-3 \l.

Fructifications 3-5 mm. in diameter, becoming by confluence
up to 8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On fallen branches of Populus. In Europe and in Colorado,
Idaho, Manitoba, and Washington.

American specimens of C. polygonium are not as heavily prui-
nose as the European specimens which I have seen and may be
recognized by the light grayish vinaceous color of the fructifica-
tions, occurrence on poplar bark, large, scattered gloeocystidia,
and slender, cylindric spores.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Cooke, Fungi Brit., 6; Romell, Fungi Scand., 128.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 118, 119, and in Romell, Fungi

Scand., 128, and W. A. Murrill, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61477); Svex, Soderm.,

Lindblad, from E. Fries (in Kew Herb.).
Germany: Brinkmann, comm. by Bresadola.
Austria: Tirol, V. Litschauer.

England: Batheaston, C, E. B., in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 6.
Colorado: Geneva Creek Canyon, F. J. Seaver & E. Bethel (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61474);

Lake Eldora, F. J. Seaver & E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56793).
Idaho: J. R. Weir, 16824, type of Gloeocystidium polygonium var.

fulvescens (in Weir Herb.); Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11551 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63703); Priest River, /. R. Weir, l/fitf (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56803).
Manitoba: /. L. Conners & J. F. Higham, comm. by G. R. Bisby,

394 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58969).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 719, 902.

IVol. 13
270 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

79. C. chrysocreas Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 178. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 618. 1888.

Corticium crocicreas Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 151.
1890; v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber.
116: 776. 1907.— Not C. crocicreas Berk. & Curtis.

Type: type distribution in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 27, under the
name Corticium crocicreas.

Fructifications broadly effused, rather thick, closely adnate, not
at all separable, apricot-yellow and olive-ocher to dark olive-buff,
even or becoming somewhat papillate, cracked in drying, the
margin thinning out, indeterminate; in section 120-300 \l thick,
olive-ocher throughout, composed of erect, densely interwoven
and conglutinate colored hyphae about 2 \l in diameter, of very
numerous vesicular organs 15-21 X 6-9 n; coloring matter of the
sections becomes vinaceous upon treatment with potassium
hydrate solution and the sections are finally bleached; spores
white in a spore collection, even, 43^-5 X 23^ ;x.

Fructifications 3-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On wood and bark of decaying logs of frondose species. South
Carolina to Louisiana and Missouri, in Mexico, in West Indies,
and in Japan. July to April. Occasional.

C. chrysocreas has olive-ocher fructifications of the same color
throughout which make it one of the most conspicuous species of
the region bordering on the Gulf of Mexico. Several other Gulf
species have a northern station in Missouri or Illinois. The
vesicular structure in section is an important distinctive char-
acter for separation of this species from Odontia Wrightii, which
has the same color and geographical range but angular granules
in the hymenium.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ell. & Ev., N. Am. Fungi, 2021, under the name Cor-

ticium crocicreas — in some copies this, and in others a different

species; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5 : 27, under the name C. crocicreas.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, Curtis Herb., 2933, type (in Kew

Herb.) and in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 5* 27.
Florida: W. W. Calkins, in some copies of Ell. & Ev., N. Am.

Fungi, 2021; New Smyrna, C. G. Lloyd, 2072.
Alabama: Peters, J+1 8 (under the name C. crocicreas in Curtis

Herb., 4027).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 271

Mississippi: Hattiesburg, C. J. Humphrey, 5454.

Louisiana: Baton Rouge, Edgerton & Humphrey, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 5601; St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, bm, H. 2612,

and 85 — the last comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2386 — and 1950a,

comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42601).
Missouri: Creve Coeur, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

1757, 14199).
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 180, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44968).
Cuba: Baracoa, L. M. Underwood & F. S. Earle, 1210, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Japan: Hida-Machi, Prov. Bungo, N.Nakayama, comm. by A.

Yasuda, 96, under the name Corticium Nakayamae Yasuda.

80. C. involucrum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, thin, somewhat
gelatinous, not at all separable, drying olive-buff to snuff-brown,
even, conforming to inequalities of the substratum, pruinose, not
cracked except where bridging a depression, the margin indeter-
minate, thinning out; in section 60-80 (x thick when composed of 1
stratum, 120-150 y. when 2 strata are present, colored like the
hymenium by the color of the numerous gloeocystidia, each
stratum composed of erect, densely arranged hyphae and gloeo-
cystidia; hyphae 3 \l in diameter, with outer wall somewhat gelat-
inously modified, clothed with short lateral branches up to 6 jx
long which are clustered in an involucral cup at the base of the
basidium; gloeocystidia brownish-colored, irregular, flexuous, 30-
45 X 4-4 J^ (x, very numerous; basidia simple, bearing 4 spores;
spores hyaline, even, spherical, 3-4 jx in diameter.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

Under side of decorticated, decaying logs of frondose species
usually — one gathering on coniferous wood. Canada, New
Hampshire, Vermont, and Cuba. September to December.

C. involucrum forms a thin brown coating on decaying wood,
with aspect somewhat suggestive of a Sebacina or C. lividum but
so near the color of the wood and so inconspicuous that it is
probably often overlooked; the colored gloeocystidia are addi-

[Vol. 13
272 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

tional confirmatory characters which should identify the species.
The hyphal structure is unique but not likely to be observed
unless close study is made.

Specimens examined:
Canada : Ottawa, /. Macoun, 4t ®3-
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W, G. Farlow, 7.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, type.
Cuba: Ceballos, C. J. Humphrey, 2793 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

20200).

81. C. luridum Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 59. pi 169. 1898;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16: 119. 1902.

Gloeocystidium luridum (Bres.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K.
Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 770. 1907; Bourdot &
Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 360. 1913.

Type: part of type in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, sometimes rather thick,
small pieces separable when moistened, becoming cinnamon-buff
to avellaneous in the herbarium, not shining, even, sometimes
somewhat cracked with age, the margin similar; in section 150-
300 [l thick, slightly colored, composed of densely arranged
hyphae 2-3J/2 pl in diameter and not incrusted, which run parallel
with the substratum in a narrow layer and then become erect and
mixed with gloeocystidia in a broad layer which bears the hy-
menium; gloeocystidia numerous, slightly colored, flexuous, 50-
100 X 6-7 \l; spores hyaline, even, 6-8 X 3-5 [l.

Fructifications 3-4 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide and broken off at
both ends in the fragments received.

On bark and wood of frondose species. In Europe, Ohio, and
Manitoba. Autumn. Rare.

C. luridum may be recognized among our species by its slightly
colored gloeocystidia and resemblance in general aspect and color
to Peniophora velutina. The spores were published by Bresadola
as 10-17 X 6-8 (x but I have found none so large in the specimen
received.

Specimens examined:
Italy: Florentia, Martelli, type, from Bresadola.
Ohio: Preston, C. G. Lloyd, 1558.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 273

Manitoba: Winnipeg: A. H. R. Buller, 744 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 57913).

82. C. jamaicense Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, thick, somewhat mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moistened, becoming
buff-brown to tawny olive in the herbarium, even, pulverulent,
not cracked, the margin probably thick and entire but not well
shown by the fragments; in section 150-600 \l thick, concolorous
with the hymenium, composed of even, suberect hyphae 3 (i in
diameter, of interwoven organs 2 [l in diameter with antler-
shaped branching, of colored gloeocystidia, and of imbedded,
globose, slightly colored, rough-walled spores 6-7 \l in diameter,
very numerous in all regions; gloeocystidia becoming dark-colored,
irregular, flexuous, 35-60 X 5-7 (x, scattered throughout the
fructifications, none found protruding; basidia simple, with 4
sterigmata; basidiospores spherical, hyaline, even, 6 \l in di-
ameter as seen attached to basidia.

Fructifications received in fragments, of which the largest is 7
cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

On decaying wood. Jamaica. December to January.

The general aspect and antler-shaped branching of one kind of
its hyphal components show relationship to Hypochnus penio-
phoroides, H. pallescens, Stereum induratum, S. duriusculum, As-
terostromella dura, and A. rhodospora. Could I have found un-
even basidiospores this species would have been included in
Hypochnus near H. pallescens and H. peniophoroides; such basidio-
spores may eventually be demonstrated when this species be-
comes better known.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: Cinchona, W. A. & E> L. Murrill, 456, type, comm. by

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Morce's Gap, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,

677, 740, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

83. C. debile Berk. & Curtis in Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 131. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 127. 1895.

Type : in Kew Herb, and Farlow Herb.

[Vol. 13
274 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, closely adnate, becoming
pale ivory-yellow to buffy brown in the herbarium, even, waxy,
not cracked, the margin whitish; in section 150 p thick, yellowish
by presence of numerous colored gloeocystidia, with the hyphae
about 2)^-3 [l in diameter, with walls gelatinously modified and
poorly defined, longitudinally arranged along substratum and
then ascending to the hymenium ; gloeocystidia somewhat colored,
flexuous, 30-60 X 3-5 p.; some colorless vesicular bodies present
also; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 4-5 [i in diameter in Burt
preparation but noted by Massee as 7 X 3-4 \l.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. in diameter.

Under side of decaying frondose limbs on the ground. Louisi-
ana, California, West Indies, and Venezuela. June and Decem-
ber. Rare.

C debile has gloeocystidia which are numerous and conspicuous
by their yellowish color; these gloeocystidia and the brown fruc-
tifications afford good distinguishing characters.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, bb, 2674 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58327).
California: Preston's Ravine, Palo Alto, W. A. Murrill & L. S.

Abrams, 1195, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55709).
Cuba: near Havana, C. «/. Humphrey, 2963.
Porto Rico: Bayamon, J. A. Stevenson, 6762 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55053); Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 5620, and J. A.

Stevenson & R. C. Rose, 6529 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

44864, 55082) ; Martin Pena, J. A. Stevenson, 3719 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7091).
Jamaica: Constant Spring Hotel grounds, W. A. & E. L. Murrill,

26, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Venezuela: Fendler, type (in Curtis Herb., 204).

84. C. venosum Berk. & Ravenel, Grevillea 1: 177. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 : 620. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27 :
147. 1890.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, rather thick, waxy-gelatinous

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 275

when moistened, becoming vinaceous-brown in the herbarium,
even; in section 500-600 [l thick, with a layer 300 (j. broad towards
the substratum composed of longitudinally and densely arranged
hyphae, with the outer walls so gelatinously modified that only
the stained lumen and contents of each hypha are now visible
as to outline; hymenial portion zonate, composed of 2 layers, each
containing numerous curved, slender, flexuous, deeply staining
organs 30-75 X 3-4 (x, which may be elongated gloeocystidia or
perhaps basidia of the transversely septate kind; a few scattered,
brownish spherical organs resembling gloeocystidia of Peniophora
serialis; spores hyaline, even, 12-13 X 4-5 [l, few seen and may
not belong.

On decaying logs. South Carolina.

In the original description it was stated that there is a thin,
tomentose subiculum composed of interwoven threads. If so,
it is not retained in my mounts of sections from the specimens
in Kew and Farlow Herbaria made 26 and 24 years ago re-
spectively. I did not decide from the type specimens whether
this species is a Corticium or Stereum having elongated gloeo-
cystidia or an Auricularia with transversely septate basidia. I
noted the presence of the word "Auricularia" on the specimen in
Kew Herbarium but the species was published as a Corticium.
My thin Corticium argentatum is of too different structure to be
a synonym of this. While writing this account it occurs to me
that the specimens distributed in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 1109,
under the name Phlebia spilomea, should have been compared
with a type of C. venosum.

Specimens examined :
South Carolina: Black Oak, H. W. Ravenel, 1321, type (in Kew

Herb, and in Farlow Herb.).

85. C. ochrofarctum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, hypochnoid,
tilleul-buff in the herbarium, even, not shining, not cracked, the
margin whitish, thinning out, with hyphae interwoven; in section
100-150 \l thick, not colored, composed of hyphae and numerous
scattered, spherical, ochraceous gloeocystidia; hyphae rather

IVol. 13
276 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

loosely arranged near the substratum, suberect, incrusted, 4J^ \i
in diameter under the incrustation and up to 6 ;jl over it, not
incrusted and more densely arranged towards the hymenium;
gloeocystidia in the form of brown or ochraceous, resinous,
spherical or somewhat angular masses 9-20 \i in diameter; spores
white in a spore collection, even, cylindric, somewhat curved,

8x2J/2^.

Fructifications 2-6 cm. long, 5 mm.-3 cm. wide.

On decorticated, very rotten logs of Populus trichocarpa.
Idaho. September.

The specific name ochrofarctum has reference to the colored,
resinous gloeocystidia which are so large and so deep colored that
they may be seen by inspection of the fructification with a lens
and give, when so viewed, a minutely speckled appearance to the
fructification. The large, coarsely incrusted hyphae are dis-
tinctive also. C. coroniferum is a related European species.

Specimens examined:
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11120, type, and 11122 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 63695 and 63696 respectively).

86. C. Tsugae Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, dry, hypochnoid, downy, avel-
laneous, with the surface white-pruinose, even, not cracked, the
margin similar, indeterminate; in section 30 \l thick, not colored,
composed of hyphae and numerous colored gloeocystidia; hyphae
hyaline, thin-walled, 3 ^ in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-
septate, ascending from the substratum; gloeocystidia in the
form of brown or ochraceous, resinous-appearing, subspherical
masses up to 18 \l in diameter; not more than 4 sterigmata to a
basidium demonstrated; spores hyaline, even, 6-73^ X 3-3^ n,
copious.

Fructifications in fragments up to 2% cm. long, 13^ cm. wide.

On very rotten wood of Tsuga canadensis. New Hampshire.
September.

The color of the fructification of this species is so nearly that of
the rotten substratum that close inspection is necessary to detect
the presence of the fungus, whose color is probably due to the

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 277

gloeocystidia. This aspect, together with uncommon gloeocys-
tidia and non-incrusted hyphae, are good distinctive characters.

Specimens examined :
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 148, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55248).

87. C. subcinereum Burt, n. sp. Ouo,-i^
Type: in Burt Herb. K*>~» u-^^ yi^Jjl
Fructifications long-effused, closely adnate, thin, not at all

separable, pale gull-gray to pale drab-gray, slightly granular,
somewhat pruinose, becoming cracked in drying, the margin
similar or paler, thinning out; in section 60-100 y. thick, slightly
colored, with the hyphae densely interwoven, 1-2 ;x in diameter,
so grown together as to show structure indistinctly, but probably
not nodose-septate nor incrusted; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia;
branched paraphyses about 1 n in diameter are present in the
hymenium; spores hyaline, even, 5-8 X 3-3 J/^ t*.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On bark of fallen, decaying limbs of Betula, Cornus, and
Syringa. Canada, Massachusetts, and Kansas. February to
October. Local.

C. subcinereum closely resembles Peniophora cinerea, P. caesia,
and C. argentea in aspect but is distinct from each by its lack of
cystidia and gloeocystidia.

Specimens examined :
Canada: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 37, type.
Massachusetts: Sharon, A.P.D. Piguet, comm. by W. G. Farlow,

8 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55289).
Kansas: Rockport, E. Bartholomew; Rooks County, comm. by

Lloyd Herb., 2301; Stockton, E. Bartholomew, 8620, 8702 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 62491, 63749, and Burt Herb.).

88. C. albido-carneum (Schw.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
27: 142. 1890.

Thelephora albido-carnea Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans.
N. S. 4: 169. 1832— Cor ticium albido-carneum (Schw.) Ravenel,
Fungi Car. 4 : 14, was a misdetermination by Ravenel.

Type: in Schweinitz Herb., Farlow Herb., and Kew Herb.

[Vol. 13
278 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications effused, small, becoming confluent longitudi-
nally but very narrow, closely adnate, thin, becoming pale drab-
gray to pinkish buff in the herbarium, pruinose, cracking trans-
versely in drying, the margin paler; in section 60-120 [l thick,
composed of 3 equal layers, of which that next to substratum
consists of densely, longitudinally interwoven, slightly colored
hyphae lJ^-2 [l in diameter, not incrusted nor nodose-septate;
the middle layer contains numerous pyriform bodies 12 X6(i
which are presumably basidia; the outer layer is composed of
bushy-branched paraphyses 3 y. in diameter with final branchlets
and lateral prongs about % [t. in diameter; detached spores 5-8
X 3-4 (x, few present and may not belong.

Fructifications 6-10 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, becoming more or
less confluent over areas up to 5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide.

In crevices of the bark of dead wood of wild species of Vitis.
Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Michigan. February and May.
Rare.

C. albido-carneum is a very rare species which has been col-
lected but few times and in small quantity for critical study.
The specimens seem immature and the tissues of the fructifica-
tions are so minute and the covering of paraphyses so trouble-
some that I have been unable to make out the detailed structure
of the basidia. The plan of structure is suggestive of a Sebacina
but I have been unable to demonstrate longitudinal septa in any
of the pyriform organs. The somewhat smoky color of the
sections, their 3-layered structure, and occurrence on bark of
dead wild grape trunks are a combination of characters which
should afford ready recognition of this species. The dates of
collection of the specimens seem to indicate that the species
may fruit in winter. If some of the pyriform organs are gloeo-
cystidia, C. pilosum may prove not specifically distinct.

Specimens examined :
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type (in Schweinitz Herb.,

Kew Herb., and Farlow Herb.).
Virginia: Arlington Farm, C. L. Shear, 2810 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 15310).
Michigan: Paw Paw, L. A. Hawkins, comm. by C. L. Shear.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 279

89. C. adhaesum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, rather thick, not separ-
able, between drab and deep olive-buff, somewhat granular, pul-
verulent, cracked at intervals of 1-2 nun., the margin abrupt;
in section 250-350 \l thick, chamois-colored within, composed of
densely arranged, thick- walled, erect and interwoven hyphae 3-
3J^ \l in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate, conglutinate
and not showing structure well; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline,
even, flattened on one side, 3J^— 6 X 23^-3 {*., copious.

Fructifications 6 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

On rough surface of badly decayed wood of a frondose species.
Mexico and West Indies. Probably rare.

C. adhaesum is separated from the most of our species by having
its fructifications colored within to such a degree that the thin
sections are somewhat chamois-colored. The drab color of the
hymenium and gluing together of the hyphae in sections are other
distinctive characters.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 64, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16479).
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, «/. A. Stevenson, 5577 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 11059).
Jamaica: A. E. Wight, comm. by W. G. Farlow, C 1, type (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44005).
Trinidad : Port of Spain, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 22.
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 121.

90. C. leptaleum Ell. & Ev. in Millsp. & Nutt. Field Mus.
Publ. Bot. 1: 170. 1896; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 220. 1899.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, membranaceous-soft, contract-
ing in drying so that only one-half the original area is covered,
cracking into masses 2-3 mm. in diameter and curling up from
substratum so as to resemble cups of a Peziza, grayish white,
becoming pinkish buff in the herbarium, pulverulent; in section
300 [a thick, composed of densely interwoven hyphae 3-3}^ \l in
diameter, incrusted in the subhymenium, only rarely nodose-
septate; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, 8-10 X 3-4 [l.

{Vol. 13
280 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

On under side of dead Magnolia Fraseri. West Virginia.
April.

In the original description it is stated, "The membrane on
which the hymenium stands where exposed on the incurved
margin of the pezizoid areas is pale brown." Some twenty years
ago at the time my sections of the type were made, I did not
record whether the sections were colored within or not. They
are now colorless but may have faded. The large spores pre-
clude reference to C. hydnans.

Specimens examined :
West Virginia: L. W. Nuttall, 690, type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb.).

91. C. laeve Persoon, Roemer Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 110. 1794;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 611. 1888; Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 94.
1903; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 232. 1911 ; Rea,
Brit. Basid. 673. 1922.

Thelephora laevis Persoon, Syn. Fung. 575. 1801 (under Cor-
ticium); Myc. Eur. 1: 130. 1822. — T. evolvens Fries, Obs. Myc.
1: 254. pi 4, f. 5. 1815; Syst. Myc. 1: 441. 1821; Elench.
Fung. 1: 181. 1828. — Corticium evolvens Fries, Epicr. 557.
1838; Hym. Eur. 646. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 604. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 118. pi 6, f. £ 1890 —Not
Corticium laeve Fries, which is a Peniophora.

Type: in Herb. Mougeot, according to Bresadola in letter.
Fragment of type from Quelet to Bresadola in Burt Herb.

Fructifications usually widely effused, rarely small and disk-
shaped, very rarely slightly reflexed, thick, membranaceous,
tender, small pieces separable when moist, becoming cream color
and light pinkish cinnamon to wood-brown and drab in the
herbarium, waxy, even, more or less undulate, sometimes coarsely
tuberculate, cracking in drying and showing on the sides of the
fissures a thick, crust-like hymenial layer of about the same color
as the surface of the hymenium and connected with the sub-
stratum by a thicker layer of whitish floccose or loose tissue, the
margin white, silky, radiating, but sometimes free when the
fructifications are pezizaeform and 1-3 mm. in diameter; in
section 200-500 \l thick, 2-layered, with the hymenial layer usually

1926)

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 281

somewhat colored but concolorous with the surface of the hy-
menium, very compact, supported by the broad layer of loosely
arranged, obliquely ascending, thin- walled hyphae 3-4 y. in
diameter, sometimes conspicuously guttulate, nodose-septate,
not incrusted; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline, even, 7-10 X 4-
6 (i, flattened on one side, tapering towards the pointed base,
usually glued together on the flattened side at ends of the pro-
truding basidia.

Fructifications 1-10 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide, rarely only 1-3
mm. in diameter.

On bark of fallen decaying limbs of many frondose species.
Europe and northern United States and Canada. Throughout
the year. Very common.

C. laeve is a very common species on fallen limbs of poplar,
maple, beech, etc., whose usually drab fructifications crack when
dried and show the dark hymenial crust supported on a whitish
subiculum. The absence of paraphyses and presence of spores
7-10 X 4-6 [ij shaped like apple seeds and glued together in
groups of 2-4, are important additional characters. In the large
number of gatherings cited below there are only 2 American
specimens which have a slightly reflexed margin and would be re-
ferred to Stereum, where the species really belongs.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Brinkmann, Westfalische Pilze, 9; Cooke, Fungi Brit.,

10; Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 221, under the name Corticium

glabrum; Libert, PL Crypt. Ard., 20; Romell, Fungi Scand.,

124; Sydow, Myc. Germ., 355, under the name Peniophora

laevis; de Thiimen, Myc. Univ., 1109.
Sweden: Svex. Soderm., Lindblad, authentic specimen of C. evol-

vens from Fries (in Kew Herb.) ; Stockholm, L. Romell, 89, 90,

91, 92, 93, 94, 95, and in Romell, Fungi Scand., 124.
Finland: Mustiaia, P. A. Karsten, in de Thiimen, Myc. Univ.,

1109.
Germany: Brandenburg, H. Sydow, in Sydow, Myc. Germ., 355;

Westphalia, W. Brinkmann, in Brinkmann, Westfalische

Pilze, 9.
Austria: Innsbruck, Tirol, V. Litschauer, 3 specimens.
Italy: Trient, G. Bresadola, 3 specimens; Vallambrosa, Cavara,

comm. by Bresadola.

[Vol. 13
282 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

France: A. Libert, in Libert, PL Crypt. Ard., 20; Paris, Persoon,
original specimen of C. laeve, comm. by Bresadola; Strassburg,
L. Maire.

England: E. M. Wakefield (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58691);
Hampstead, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., 10.

Canada: Lower St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 17, 50.

Ontario: Granton, J. Dearness, lOIfi E (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
23107); London, J. Dearness, 945 h (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
14252).

Newfoundland: Bay of Islands, A. C. Waghorne, 517, 1027.

New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 2 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 44594).

Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 5 gatherings, Ripton, E. A.
Burt, 4 gatherings.

New York: Adirondack Mts., G. F. Atkinson, C; Albany, H. D.
House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
14829, 19456) ; Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1210, 1214; Altamont, E. A.
Burt; Bronx Park, Class in Mycology (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61389); Hague, C. H. Peck
(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56110),
and IS; Ithaca, C. 0. Smith, comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 8046,
and G. F. Atkinson, d, 2813, 4899; Lyndon ville, C. E. F airman,
188 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61438); New York, F. S. Earle
(in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61677) ;
Newcomb, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo.
Bot. Gard. Herb., 59666) ; Oneida, H. D. House (in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59679, 59699) ; Sylvan
Beach, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 7461); Syracuse, L. M. Underwood, 51, 126 (in N.
Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61571, 61394),
and in Ell. & Ev., Fungi Col., 221.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1038.

Michigan: Michigan Agricultural College, B. O. Longyear, 9 (in
N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard Herb., 55787).

Missouri: St. Louis, E. A. Burt (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58334).

British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 65, 77, 78 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 5743, 5753, 9778), and 35, 288, 819, 850, 424 (in
Macoun Herb.) ; Squamish, J. Macoun, 318, 586 (in Mo. Bot.

1920]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 283

Gard. Herb.); Victoria, J. Macoun, 577 (in Macoun Herb.);

Vancouver Island, J. Macoun, 419 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55315), and comm. by J. Dearness, V 35 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 19573).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 714, 755 , 872, 886, 898,

899, 901, 955, 961; Olympia, C. J. Humphrey, 6293, 6330;

Seattle, A. M. Parker, 177 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61475).
Oregon: Seattle, W. A. Murrill, 988, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55703).

92. C. investiens (Schw.) Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti
III. 3: 110. 1897; Ann. Myc. 1: 95. 1903.

Radulum? investiens Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4:
165. 1832; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11 : 112. 1895.— Vararia investiens
(Schw.) Karsten, Krit. Ofvers. Finl. Basidsv. Tillag 3: 32. 1898.
— Asterostromella investiens (Schw.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K.
Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 117: 1083. 1908.— Corticium
alutarium Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 2: 4. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 634. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 137. 1890 —
Thelephora subochracea Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 46: 109.
1893; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 116. 1895. — Xerocarpus alutarius
(Berk. & Curtis) Karsten, Finska Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur och
Folk 48: 418. 1889.

Type: in Schweinitz Herb., Farlow Herb., Fries Herb., and
probably in Kew Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, usually thin, tough, dry,
adnate, small pieces separable when moist, warm buff to light
orange-yellow, conforming to inequalities of the substratum,
somewhat tomentose, not cracked, the margin thinning out; in
section 150-600 \i thick, concolorous with the hymenium, com-
posed of a few even-walled, hyaline hyphae 2J/2 n- i« diameter,
and of a great number of yellowish, stiff hyphae with dichotomous
and antler-shaped branching and short, acicular, prong-like
terminal branchlets, which extend beyond the basidia in the
hymenial surface; no gloeocystidia; basidia 4-spored; spores
hyaline under the microscope but slightly straw-colored in the
mass, even, 12 X 4 \l, tapering downward to the slender, apiculate
base.

[Vol. 13
284 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 2-20 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide.

On rotten logs and fallen branches of both frondose and conif-
erous species and sometimes running over fallen leaves and the
ground. In Europe, throughout North America, West Indies,
Venezuela, and in Japan. July to December. Very common.

C. investiens is readily recognized by chamois color and surface
texture like that of chamois leather. Under the microscope the
antler-shaped branching of its principal hyphal component is well
shown. This mode of hyphal branching seems to me a useful
specific character for the various other species which have it,
e. g., Lachnocladium brasiliense, Grandinia granulosa, Stereum
induratum, S. duriusculum, Hypochnus peniophoroides, H. pal-
lescens, Peniophora phyllophilaf P. piliseta, P. mexicana, and Cor-
ticium jamaicense but not of greater importance than other hyphal
modifications which are useful specific characters, hence I can not
accept as helpful Karsten's genus Vararia, of which the type
species is Corticium investiens , nor its synonym Asterostromella of
v. Hohnel & Litschauer.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 517.
Sweden: Femsjo, L. Romelly 157, and C. G. Lloyd, 09149 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 55619).
Hungary: Kmet, comm. by Bresadola.
Canada: J. Macoun, 91.
Ontario: Niagara, J. Dearness, D586 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

3727); Temagami, C. G. Lloyd, 07633 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55618).
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter & E. A. Burt.
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow; Shelburne, W. G.

Farlow.
Vermont: Grand View Mt., E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings; Lake Dun-
more, E. A. Burt; Little Notch, E. A. Burt; Middlebury, E. A.

Burt.
Massachusetts: Lincoln, A. B. Seymour, TI+0 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 12955); Magnolia, W. G. Farlow (in Farlow Herb.).
New York: Albany, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6324, 54358, 54359); Alcove, C. L.

Shear, 1121, 1123, 1203, 1322; Arkvilie, W. A. Murrill (in N.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 285

Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61361); East
Galway, E. A. Burt; Flood wood, E. A. Burt, C. H. Peck, 4a;
Fort Ann, S. H. Burnham, 25 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
54495); Freeville, G. F. Atkinson, 2812; Gansevoort, C. H.
Peck (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
55974) ; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 8200, 22758, 22763, 23278, and
C. J. Humphrey, 548, 22563; Karner, H. D. House, 14.154,
comm. by N. Y. State Mus. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
44711); Lake Placid, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 282 (in N. Y.
State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61673); North
Elba, C. H. Kauffman, 6 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21464);
North Greenbush, C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55783, 56109); Oneida, H. D. House
(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57474,
59682); Onondaga Valley, L. M. Underwood, 11 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61580) ; Sandlake,
C. H. Peck (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55779); Shokan, C. H. Peck, type of Thelephora sub-
ochracea (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.) ; Snyders, C. H. Peck (in
N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55780);
Westport, C. H. Peck, 4-

Pennsylvania: Michener, type of Corticium alutarium (in Curtis
Herb., 6349); Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type of Radulumf in-
vestiens (in Schweinitz Herb, and Farlow Herb.) and under the
name Thelephora ochracea of Schweinitz (in Curtis Herb, from
Schweinitz Herb.); Ohio Pyle, W. A. Murrill, 1047 (in N. Y.
Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61553); State
College, L. 0. Overholts (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54701);
Trexlertown, W. Herbst, 33, 42; West Chester, Everhart &
Haines, in Ell. N. Am. Fungi, 517; no locality given, H. Jack-
son, Gentry (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55809, 55905, respectively).

Delaware: Newark, H. S. Jackson, B7.

District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 960.

Louisiana: St. Martinville, C. J. Humphrey, 2519 (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 42937).

West Virginia: Eglon, C. G. Lloyd, 1408 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 55610) ; Nut tallburg, L. W. Nuttall, 189, comm. by U. S.
Dept. Agr. Herb.; Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1172.

[Vol. 13
286 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Ohio: C. G. Lloyd, 4197 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 61593); Cincinnati, A. P. Morgan, the Corticium

ochraceum of Morgan Herb., comm. by Lloyd Herb., 2639.
Indiana: Millers, E. T. & S. A. Harper, 830.
Michigan: Ann Arbor, C. H. Kauffman, 41 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 22930); Whitmore Lake, A. H. W. Povah, 10 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 9228).
Montana: Trego, E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 12039 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63389).
Idaho: Priest River, J. R. Weir, 38; E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R.

Weir, 11998 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63361).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 14 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 5732); Vancouver Island, J. Macoun, comm. by J.

Dearness, V148 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 21138).
Mexico: Orizaba, Barrio Nuevo, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 762,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54646).
Jamaica: Castleton Gardens, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 123 (in

N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61365, and

Burt Herb.); Cinchona, W. A. & E.L. Murrill, 648 (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61458); Morces

Gap, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 734 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61466).
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson, 3474 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 6732).
Venezuela: Fendler (in Curtis Herb., 190, under the herbarium

name Corticium xanthellum) .
Japan: Nakada-mura, Prov. Awaji, A. Yasuda, 44 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56169).

93. C. pectinatum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, closely adnate, not separ-
able, warm buff to wood-brown in the herbarium, cracking into
polygonal masses about 2 to the mm., not shining, the margin
unknown; in section 60-90 (jl thick, concolorous with the hy-
menium, composed of densely interwoven, colorless or slightly
colored hyphae about 1 \l in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 287

septate, and of comb-shaped or antler-shaped branching, slightly
colored masses of about 5-10 [l in diameter each and having
many prongs; no gloeocystidia; basidia 6-12 X 4-5 \l, immature,
immersed in the antler-shaped paraphyses which form the surface
of the hymenium; no spores found.

Fructification 1-6 cm. long, J^-13^ cm. wide.

On bark of dead frondose limbs. Florida and West Indies.
October to March.

C. pectinatum has the general aspect and color of C. scutellare
and structure of C. investiens but with much smaller and more
delicate hyphae and antler-shaped organs than the latter.

Specimens examined:
Florida: Cocoanut Grove, R. Thaxter, 76, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43898); Royal Palm Hammock, W. A. Murrill,

131, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63762).
Cuba: Omaja, C. J. Humphrey, 2596 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

8730).

94. C. racemosum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, thin, dry, not
separable, drying cream-buff, even, not shining, becoming trans-
versely cracked in the central portions, the margin thinning out,
indeterminate, concolorous; in section 70-140 \l thick, colored
cream-buff, composed of very densely arranged, erect, branching
and interwoven hyphae 2-2 3^ y. in diameter; no gloeocystidia;
paraphyses in hymenial surface with tips branched sometimes
racemosely, sometimes in antler-shaped manner, often irregularly,
these branches about J^ ^ in diameter; spores hyaline, even,
flattened on one side, 4-6 X 2-3 y..

Fructifications 2-12 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide.

On bark and wood of decaying logs of Thuja plicata, Larix oc-
cidentalis, Abies grandis, and Pseudotsuga taxifolia. Idaho,
British Columbia, and Washington. July to September.

The slender branched paraphyses of C. racemosum and lack of
gloeocystidia locate this species in the group with C. Atkinsonii,
C. albidocarneum, C. rubropallens, and C. rubrocanum. The antler-
shaped branching of occasional paraphyses connects this species

[Vol. 13
288 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

with the C. investiens group also. Radulum Pini-canadense
Schw. should also be considered here.

Specimens examined:
Idaho: Priest River, /. R. Weir, 39, type, and 137 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 9852).
British Columbia: Salmo, J. R. Weir, 465 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 11777).
Washington: Stan wood, C. J. Humphrey, 7360 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7825).

95. C. subcontinuum Berk. & Curtis, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour.
10: 337. 1868; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 635. 1888; Massee, Linn.
Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 128. 1890.

Type: in Kew Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications effused, adnate, rather thick, small pieces
separable, becoming chamois-colored in the herbarium, ceraceous,
even, sometimes cracking in drying but the cracks not running
together, showing the Isabella-colored tissue on the sides of the
cracks, the margin thinning out; in section 200-400 p. thick,
Isabella-colored, 2-layered, with a broad layer next to the sub-
stratum of brown hyphae 2-3 ji in diameter, not incrusted, not
nodose-septate; spores hyaline, even, subglobose, 3-4 y. in di-
ameter or 4 X3(i.

Fructifications recorded as ' ' spreading for several inches/ ' The
fragmentary pieces in herbaria are 2-3 cm. long, 1 cm. wide.

On bark and decaying wood. Louisiana, Texas, and West
Indies. February to June. Rare.

The fructifications of C. subcontinuum resemble in general
aspect, thickness, and consistency those of C. confluens, but are of
different structure from those of the latter and are sharply dis-
tinct by the colored substance of the interior. The Louisiana
specimens are doubtfully referred to this species.

Specimens examined:
Louisiana: Ruston, C. J. Humphrey, 2532 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 12495); St. Martinville, A. B. Langlois, 1761 b, comm.

by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42598, and Burt

Herb.) and 1761 a, in part.
Texas: locality not given, C. Wright, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr.

Herb., under the name C. calceum.

1926}

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 289

Cuba: C. Wright, 537 , type (in Kew Herb, and Curtis Herb.);

Omaja, C. J. Humphrey, 2575.
Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, J. A. Stevenson & R. C. Rose, 6528 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55083).

96. C. Murrilli Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thick, soft, spongy, dry,
flexible, separable in sheets which have the hymenium between
light buff and cream-buff and the under side Van Dyke brown,
hymenium velutinous, not cracked, the margin concolorous with
the hymenium, tomentose; in section 600-900 y. thick, colored,
with the hyphae of the under layer brown, loosely, longitudinally
interwoven, rough, nodose-septate, 4-4J^ \l in diameter, and with
hymenial layer 75-450 [i thick with hyaline, interwoven hyphae;
no gloeocystidia; basidia simple, with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline,
even, cylindric, 25-35 X 6-9 tx.

Fructification 7 cm. long, 3J/£ cm. wide in the piece seen which
is broken off at one end and on one side.

On bark of decaying log of an apparently frondose species in a
moist virgin forest. Mexico. December.

C. Murrilli is probably a species with large, soft, dry fructi-
fication separable from the bark in a pliant, sheet-like mass and
having the hymenium buff color and the under side a rich Van
Dyke brown. The very large spores are another distinguishing
character. C. Langloisii is thinner and has smaller spores.

Specimens examined:
Mexico : Jalapa, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 182, type, comm. by N. Y.

Bot. Gard. (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44967).

97. C. subochraceum Bresadola, Hedwigia 35: 290. 1896;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 221. 1899.

Type: part of type in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, closely adnate, very thin, not
separable, becoming light pinkish cinnamon to wood-brown in the
herbarium, glabrous, even, not shining, not cracking, the margin
thinning out, whitish at first, becoming colored like the hymeni-
um; in section 45-100 \k thick, only slightly colored in the hy-

[Vol. 13
290 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

menium and subhymenium but giving the color to the fructi-
fication, composed of densely interwoven, distinct hyphae 3-33^ y.
in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate; no gloeocystidia ;
spores hyaline, even, 3-43^ X 2-23^ |i, copious.

Fructifications 1-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On bark and decaying wood of frondose species. Alabama,
Louisiana, Nebraska, and Brazil. May and June.

C. subochraceum occurs on decaying frondose wood and bark
in closely adnate, thin fructifications of wood-brown color due to
the pale color of the superficial tissue. The spores were published
by Bresadola as 6-8 X 4-43^ (i and the hyphae as conglutinate,
but in the original specimen from Bresadola the spores are copious,
flattened on one side, and not larger than 4}^ X 2% V- and the
hyphae not conglutinate.

Specimens examined:
Alabama: Auburn, Earle & Baker (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58325) ; Montgomery Co., R. P. Burke,

338 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57212).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, ab, w, and 13/^5, comm.

by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42603).
Nebraska: Lincoln, C. L. Shear, 131+1.
Brazil: Blumenau, A. M oiler, part of type from Bresadola.

98. C. canadense Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and N. Y. State
Mus. Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, adnate, rather thick, mem-
branaceous, small pieces separable when moistened, light buff,
even, ceraceous, cracking but little in drying, the margin narrow,
sulphur-yellow, with its hyphae interwoven ; in section 600-800 \l
thick, colored, stratose, the buried strata becoming fuscous;
hyphae of each stratum 3 [i in diameter, not incrusted, occasion-
ally nodose-septate, erect, loosely arranged below, forming a
compact hymenium; no gloeocystidia; spores white in spore
collection, cylindric, even, 4^-6 X lJ^-2 \l.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide.

On decaying wood of logs of Pinus Strobus. Canada and New
Hampshire. July to September. Rare.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 291

C. canadense has beautiful fructifications with buff hymenium
and sulphur-colored margin. The occurrence on pine, stratose
structure in section, and the buried strata fuscous in color afford
more ample confirmatory distinctive characters than we usually
find in resupinate species.

Specimens examined :
Canada: Ontario, Ottawa, J. Macoun, 26, type (in Burt Herb.,

N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55909).
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 6766), 8, and E. A. Burt,

99. C. bicolor Peck, Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist. Bui. 1 : 62. 1873;
N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 26: 72. 1874; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 630.
1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 157. 1890.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.

Fructifications widely effused, thin, membranaceous, tender,
small pieces separable when moist, white, becoming pale pinkish
buff to cream color in the herbarium, even, continuous, not
cracked, the subiculum wax-yellow throughout, byssoid, the
margin yellow to wax-yellow, often running out into wax-yellow
rhizomorphic strands; in section 200-300 (j. thick, yellow near the
substratum and usually throughout, color not changed by lactic
acid but bleached by potassium hydrate solution; the hyphae
loosely interwoven, delicate, 2J^ (i in diameter, somewhat rough
or incrusted with small crystals; no gloeocystidia; spores hyaline,
even, subglobose, 2 y. in diameter or 3 X 2 \l, copious.

Fructifications 3-8 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide.

On under side of fallen limbs and decaying wood on the ground,
usually on pine and other conifers but also on Populus. New
Hampshire to New Jersey and in Montana and Washington.
August to November. Uncommon.

C. bicolor is a beautiful species related to C. sulphureum, from
which it constantly differs in occurring nearly always in fertile
condition with a compact whitish, even hymenium borne on the
brilliant, wax-yellow subiculum. The hyphae and spores are
similar to those of C. sulphureum.

Specimens examined :
New Hampshire: Chocorua, A. P. D. Piguet, comm. by W. G.

[Vol. 13
292 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Farlow, 176, and W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55249 and 13630, respectively).
New York: Karner, H. D. House, comm. by N. Y. State Mus.

Herb., 14.152; Oneida, H. D. House (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57452, 57476) ; Warrensburg, C. H.

Peck, type (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.) and (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55771).
New Jersey: Newfield, J. B. Ellis, 88, comm. by W. G. Farlow

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 7944).
Montana: Evaro, J. R. Weir, 419, 435 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

14768, 6707).
Washington: Hoquiam, C. /. Humphrey, 6400.

100. C. koleroga (Cooke) v. Hohnel, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien
Sitzungsber. 119: 395. 1910; Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 5: 123.
/. 1. 1918.

Pellicularia koleroga Cooke, Grevillea 4: 116, 134. 1876; Pop.
Sci. Rev. 15: 164. pi 135, f. a-c. 1876; Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 18:
461. 1881; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4: 149. 1886; Fawcett, G. L.,
Porto Rico Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rept. 1910: 35. 1911; Jour.
Agr. Res. 2: 231. text f. 1-3. 1914; Porto Rico Agr. Exp. Sta.
Bui. 17: 8. pi. 1. 1915. — Erysiphe scandens Ernst, A., Estudios
sobre las Deformaciones, Enfermedades y Enemigos del Arbol de
Cafe in Venezuela, 16. pi. f. 5. 1878.

Type: in Kew Herb.

The parasitic vegetative mycelium forms long, slender, mycelial
strands of rather uniform diameter, whitish or pallid at first, finally
fuscous, running along the branches and midrib and veins of the
leaves, infecting the leaves and ramifying between the cells of the
leaf parenchyma, finally emerging at many points on the under
side of the leaf to form minute fructifications which give a mottled
appearance to the leaf; fructifications soon laterally confluent into
a thin, arachnoid, perforate membrane covering the under sur-
face of the leaf between midrib and principal veins, drying pale
smoke-gray, separable in small pieces, composed of loosely inter-
woven, hyaline or slightly colored, thin-walled, even, rigid hyphae
43^-6 (x in diameter, not nodose-septate, running parallel with the
substratum, and about 1-3 hyphae thick, branching at right
angles; basidia scattered along the hyphae, simple, ovoid, 10-

1926J

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 293

12 X 7-8 \l, with short sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, flat-
tened or slightly concave on one side, 10-13 X 3J/£-5 \l.

Mycelial strands in the specimens received are 35 cm. long
and broken with the branch at the lower end, l/2~\ mm. in di-
ameter, not swollen into sclerotia; fructifications 9 cm. long, 4
cm. broad, 30-45 y. thick, more or less divided by the midrib and
principal veins.

Parasitic on branches and leaves of the coffee plant. India,
and the Antilles and neighboring regions of South America.

9am dn ^>

Fig. 1. C. koleroga. a-aS, from sketches by Miss Wakefield of structure of
type in Kew Herbarium; magnification not stated but computed from spore di-
mensions at about 630. a, hypha; al, collapsed basidium; a2, spores; aS, young
basidia. b-b3, from Porto Rican specimen, X 870. b, hypha; bl, basidium; b£,
spores; b3f young basidia.

Specimens examined :

India: Mysore, preparation from the type (in Kew Herb.).

Porto Rico: Mayaguez, F. L. Stevens, 9488 (in Stevens Herb., and
in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 54510); H. E. Thomas (in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 55397).

Colombia: H. T. Dawe, fragment (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, from
specimen in Kew Herb.).

Venezuela: A. Ernst, fragments showing mottled stage and con-
tinuous fructification respectively (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb,
from specimens in Kew Herb., determined by Ernst as Can-
delillo, Erysiphe scandens); H. Peltier, comm. by U. S. Dept.
Agr., Path. & Myc. Coll., 1713 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,
62168).

101.

1918.

C. Stevensii Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 5: 125. textf. 2.

[Vol. 13
294 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Hypochnopsis ochroleuca Noack, Boletim do Instituto Agronom-
ico Sao Paulo em Campinas 9: 80. 1898. — Hypochnus ochro-
leucus Noack in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 16 : 197. 1902 ; Stevens, Science
N. S. 26: 724. 1907; Stevens & Hall, Ann. Myc. 7: 49-59.
textf. 1-8. 1909. — Not Corticium ochroleucum Bresadola, Fungi
Trid. 2:58. pi 167, f. 2. 1892.

Vegetative mycelium forms on the twigs roundish or oblong,
chestnut-brown sclerotia 3-4 mm. in diameter, and also slender
mycelial strands white when young, becoming chestnut-brown,
running along the twigs and petioles to the leaves and fructifying
there; fructifications at first downy and barely visible, soon thick-
ening into a dirty pinkish buff, felty membrane covering the
whole under side of the leaf and frequently separable from it as a

Fig. 2. C. Stevensii. From specimen from Trinidad, X 870. a, hypha;
al, basidium; a3, spores; aS, young basidium.

whole by mere handling; hyphae hyaline or slightly colored, giving
their color to the fructifications, even, thin-walled, not incrusted,
not nodose-septate, 4J^-73^ y. in diameter; basidia scattered
along the hyphae on short lateral branches, simple, 11 X 7-8 [l,
with four short sterigmata; spores hyaline, flattened or slightly
concave on one side, 8-11 X 3-4 [i.

Fructification 11 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, 45-60 (i thick, un-
broken over whole under surface of leaves; sclerotia 3-4 mm. in
diameter; mycelial strands J^-l mm. in diameter, many cm. long.

On apple, pear, and quince, in Brazil and southern United
States, causing the leaves to dry and fall, and on Codiaeum in
Trinidad.

This species differs from Corticium koleroga by having sclerotia
and thicker, darker-colored, and more felted fructifications which
are but feebly attached to the leaf and form an unbroken covering

1926J

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 295

over the whole under surface of the leaf from margin to margin.
Fruiting specimens of this fungus have been available for study
from only two localities, but these specimens agree in the char-
acters stated above.

Specimens examined :
North Carolina : Horseshoe, /. G. Hall, comm. by F. L. Stevens,
sclerotial stage on pear twigs; Mt. Airy, F. C. Reimer, comm. by
F. L. Stevens, fertile stage on pear leaves.
Georgia: A. L. Quaintance, comm. by F. S. Earle, sclerotial stage

on apple twigs.
Florida : C. G. Lloyd, sclerotial stage on pear twigs.
Texas: Dickson, F. W. Mally, comm. by U. S. Dept. Agr., sclero-
tial stage on pear twigs.
Trinidad: Diego Martei, J. B. Rorer, fertile stage on leaves of
Codiaeum variegatum (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44771); Petit
Valley, J. B. Rarer, sclerotial and fruiting stages on leafy twigs
of Codiaeum variegatum (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11960, 19786,
19810, and 20062).

102. C. vagum Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1 : 179. 1873; Sacc.
Syll. Fung. 6: 616. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 148.
1890; Duggar, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 2: 445. 1915; Peltier, Univ.
111. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 189: 285. 1915; Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard.
Ann. 5: 128. text f. 3. 1918; Coker, Elisha Mitchell Scientif.
Soc. Jour. 36: 173. pi. 33, f. 9, 10. 1921.

Corticium vagum Berk. & Curtis var. Solani Burt in Rolfs,
Science N. S. 18: 729. 1903; Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 91 : 1-20.
pi 1-5. 1904.— Hypochnus Solani Prill. & Del. Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 7: 220. text f. 1891; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11: 130. 1895.—
Corticium Solani Prill. & Del. in Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 27: 248. 1911.— Corticium botryosum Bresadola, Ann. Myc.
1: 99. 1903; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 173. 1905; Bourdot &
Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 248. 1911.— Rhizoctonia Solani
Kuhn, Krankheiten d. Kulturgewachse, 224. 1858; Duggar, Mo.
Bot. Gard. Ann. 2 : 424. 1915.

Type: in Kew Herb, and in Curtis Herb.

Vegetative mycelium saprophytic in the soil and in wood in con-
tact with the ground, and parasitic as the Rhizoctonia Solani stage

296

[Vol. 13

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

in underground portions of various plants and forming at their
surface underground minute sclerotia; fructification a thin, arach-
noid, perforate membrane more or less separable, pale olive-buff
to cream color; in structure 60-100 ;x thick, composed of a few
loosely interwoven hyphae running along the substratum and
sending out short branches which bear the basidia; hyphae in
contact with substratum may be slightly brownish, hyaline else-
where, not incrusted, not nodose-septate, up to 6-10 \l in di-
ameter, with branches smaller; basidia not forming a compact
hymenium, 10-20 X 7J/£-ll ji, with 4-6 sterigmata 6-10 (x long

Fig. 3. C. vagum, X 870. a-a£, from specimen on potato in Colorado, a,
hypha; al, basidium; a2, spores. 6, spores of specimen on Plantago in Illinois.
c~cly from specimen on earth in Massachusetts, c, basidium: cl, spores. d-~d£f
from specimen on wood in British Columbia, d, hypha; dl, basidia; dt> spores.

and more or less swollen towards the basidium; spores hyaline,
even, flattened on one side, 8-14 X 4-6 \i.

Fructifications 5-15 cm. long on logs, 5-10 cm. broad; in a
collar 1-10 cm. long, sheathing the base of living stems.

On bare earth, wood and bark lying on the ground, and on living
stems of potatoes, beans, rhubarb, horseradish, tomatoes, Ama-
ranthus, etc., at or near the ground. New Brunswick to Florida
and westward to Vancouver and Washington, in West Indies,
Europe, India, and Australia. Common.

Corticium vagum differs from C. koleroga and C. Stevensii in
having its mycelium and sclerotia subterranean when parasitic,
in having its fructifications at the surface of the ground or merely
sheathing small herbaceous stems for only a few centimeters up
from the ground and never spreading out on the under side of

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 297

broad leaves at a considerable distance above ground, by having
larger hyphae, larger basidia, and the basidia with larger sterig-
mata which are more thickened in the lower portion and some-
times six to a basidium; the spores are somewhat larger in C
vagum also. The examination of the large amount of C. vagum
which has come to hand does not afford ground for regarding the
collar-like fructifications on small living herbaceous stems as
worthy of varietal separation. As common as this species now is
in the United States, it is rather surprising that a collection of it
under some name has not been found in Herb. Schweinitz.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 330; Ravenel, Fungi Am., 132, 577

— the latter under the name Zygodesmus pannosus.
Sweden: Stockholm, L. Romell, 204-
Russian Poland : Eichler, comm. by Bresadola, portion of type of

Corticium botryosum Bres.
New Brunswick: Campobello, W. G. Farlow, 3.
Canada : J. Macoun, 2, 84, 340.
Ontario: Ottawa, J. Macoun, 327.
Massachusetts: Brookline, G. R. Lyman, 180; Magnolia, W. G.

Farlow.
New York: Albany, H. D. House & J. Rubinger (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 8734); East Galway, E. A. Burt, 2 collections;

Ithaca, Van Hook, comm. by G. F. Atkinson, 8092; Karner,

H. D. House, 14.162, and 3 other collections (in N. Y. State

Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44709, 54349, 55199, 55203) ;

Tripoli, S. H. Burnham, 13, in part (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54506).
New Jersey: Belleplain, C. L. Shear, 1244; Newfield, J. B. Ellis,

in Ellis, N. Am. Fungi, 330.
Pennsylvania: Carbondale, E. A. Burt; Trexlertown, W. Herbst,

95.
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 1164, 1S34-
District of Columbia: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 965, 1041 (the

former in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb. also).
South Carolina: Curtis Herb., 3240, type (in Kew Herb, and in

Curtis Herb.); Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Am.,

132, 577.

[Vol. 13
298 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 170 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43162).
West Virginia: Paw Paw, C. L. Shear, 1171.
Ohio: Cincinnati, C. G. Lloyd, 4508.
Illinois: Urbana, G. L. Peltier, 14 collections, on living stems of

beans, carrot, tomato, radish, rhubarb, horseradish, potato,

winter vetch, spinach, Amaranthus, Campanula, and Plantago

major (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 6264, 8761-8765, 8816, 43836,

44677-44682).
Montana: Evaro, J. R. Weir, 4H (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

17725).
Idaho: Coolin, J. R. Weir, 11545 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

63298). Priest River, J. R. Weir, 140, 89 in part (Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 8197, 11349).
Colorado: Fort Worth, F. M. Rolfs, 2 collections, on living stems

of potatoes.
Manitoba: Norway House, G. R. Bisby, 1475, 1477 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 61657, 61659).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 4, 20, 83, 85, 87, 26, 154

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5764, 5735, 7068, 7024, 7833, 55347,

55350, respectively) and 39a, 151, 172 (in Macoun Herb.);

Vancouver Island, J. Macoun, V89, V90, V151, V154, V172

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 22815, 22927, 20357, 20507, 20728,

respectively).
Washington: Bingen, W. N. Suksdorf, 846, 852, 863.
India: Ceylon, T. Petch, 5675 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56035).
Japan: Prov. Awaji, A. Yasuda, 111 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57027).

103. C. vinaceum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thin, closely adnate, drying be-
tween light pinkish cinnamon and vinaceous-buff, even, not shin-
ing, not cracked, the margin similar, thinning out; in section
75-100 \l thick, colored near the substratum, with the hyphae
23^ [i in diameter, densely longitudinally interwoven and con-
glutinate, not incrusted, bearing a hymenium 25 (x thick; no
gloeocystidia; basidia not protruding; spores white in spore col-
lection, even, subglobose, 7-8 X 6-7 \l.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 299

Fructifications 5-10 mm. in diameter, near together and be-
coming irregularly confluent over areas up to 4 cm. long, 1-2 cm.
wide.

Under side of decaying coniferous plank. Alabama and
Louisiana. March.

The distinguishing characters of this species are occurrence on
coniferous wood in closely adnate, vinaceous fructifications,
which are somewhat colored next to the substratum and have
large spores.

Specimens examined:
Alabama: Montgomery, R. P. Burke, 271 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57156).
Louisiana: St. Martin ville, A. B. Langlois, df, type.

104. C. fuscostratum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and
Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, thin, tender, forming a thin,
fragile, cartridge-buff to pale smoke-gray hymenial pellicle on an
arachnoid or fibrillose, wood-brown subiculum, the hymenium
cracking into small polygonal masses about 1 mm. in diameter,
the margin colored like the substance, fimbriate; in section 120-
300 ex thick, wood-brown, with the hyphae pale brownish, 2}^ \l
in diameter, nodose-septate, sometimes incrusted; no gloeo-
cystidia; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, 3-4 x2|a.

Fructifications 3-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide.

On bark of decaying Pinus Strobus and other conifers. Canada
to Maryland and westward to British Columbia. August to
December. Uncommon.

The fructifications of C. fuscostratum are characterized by a
hymenial layer as thin, fragile, and cracked as that of C. arach-
noideum or of C. centrifugum and a supporting layer underneath as
colored as that of C. subcontinuum. Compare C. ochrokucum
Bres. and C. olivaceo-album.

Specimens examined:
Canada: J. Macoun, 15; St. Lawrence Valley, J. Macoun, 29.
New York: Albany, H. D. House, type (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.,

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63750, and Burt Herb.), and H. D.

ti

4

(Vol. 13
300 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

House & J. Rubinger (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 7766) ; Round Lake, C. H. Peck, (in N. Y. State

Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42930).
Pennsylvania: Freeland, C. R. Orton & G. E. Broadbent, comm. by

L. 0. Overholts, 5166 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56359).
Maryland: Takoma Park, C. L. Shear, 963.
Michigan: East Tawas, J. R. Weir, 317 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 6961); New Richmond, C. H. Kaufman, 86 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54327).
Wisconsin : Star Lake, J. J. Neumann, comm. by H. von Schrenk

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 42734).
British Columbia: Kootenai Mountains near Salmo, J. R. Weir,

503, 511 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63722, 5900).

105. C. atrovirens Fries, Epicr. 562. 1838; Hym. Eur. 651.
1874; Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. 274. 1860; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
6: 614. 1888; Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 155. 1890;
Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 96. 1903; Maire, Brit. Myc. Soc.
Trans. 3: 172. pi. 16. 1910; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 27: 243. 1911; Rea, Brit. Basid. 677. 1922.

Thelephora atrovirens Fries, Elenchus Fung. 1: 202. 1828. —
Lyomyces caerulescens Karsten, Finska, Vet.-Soc. Bidrag Natur
och Folk 37: 154. 1882. — Hypochnus chalybaeus Schroeter,
Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien 3: 416. 1888.

Fructifications irregularly effused, thin, floccose-fibrillose or
arachnoid, greenish glaucous blue to deep bluish gray-green,
even, not cracked, the margin thinning out, with hyphae inter-
woven; in section 150-250 [l thick, colored like the hymenium,
composed of long, slender, interwoven, colored hyphae 2-3 y. in
diameter, not nodose-septate, not incrusted; no gloeocystidia;
spores colored like the fructification, even, subglobose, 3-4 X
2J^-3J^ \L, borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 1-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide.

On under side of decaying bark and fallen branches. In
Europe, and from New Brunswick to South Carolina and in
Illinois. September to December. Infrequent.

C. atrovirens is conspicuous by its fructifications blue-green in
all parts. It is intermediate between Corticium and Hypochnus,
being included in the former on account of the even spores.

19261

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 301

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Sydow, Myc. Germ., 1432.
Finland: Mustiala, P. A. Karsten, authentic specimen of Hypoch-

nopsis caerulescens.
Germany: Brandenburg, P. Vogel, in Sydow, Myc. Germ., 1432.
Poland: Russian Poland, Eichler, comm. by G. Bresadola.
Great Britain: Coed Coch (in Berkeley Herb, of Kew Herb.).
New Brunswick: Campobello, W. G. Farlow.
Vermont: Middlebury, E. A. Burt, 2 gatherings.
Massachusetts : Beverly, C. W. Dodge & D. H. hinder, A (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 63451); Stony Brook, G. R. Lyman, 129.
New York: Cascadilla, A. J. Pieters, comm. by Cornell Univ.

Herb., 5256; Ithaca, G. F. Atkinson, 8202; Earner, H. D.

House, 14-205 and an unnumbered specimen (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 44727, 54394); Syracuse, L. M. Underwood, U

(in N. Y. State Mus. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 56088).
North Carolina: Blowing Rock, G. F. Atkinson, 4301.
South Carolina: Gourdin, C. J. Humphrey, 2586 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43119).
Illinois: Hallidayboro, C. J. Humphrey, 2125 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 22086).

106. C. caeruleum (Schrad.) Fries, Epicr. 562. 1838; Hym.
Eur. 651. 1874; Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. 274. 1860; Berk. &
Curtis, Grevillea 1: 178. 1873; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 614. 1888;
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27: 151. 1890; Bourdot & Galzin,
Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 27: 232. 1911; Wakefield, Brit. Myc. Soc.
Trans. 4: 119. pi 3, /. 26. 1913; Coker, Elisha Mitchell
Scientif. Soc. Jour. 36: 169. pi. 33, f. 1. 1921; Rea, Brit. Basid.
673. 1922.

Thelephora caerulea Schrader in De Candolle, Fl. Fr. 2: 107.
1815; Persoon, Myc. Eur. 1: 147. 1822; Fries, Elench. Fung. 1:
202. 1828. — Auricularia phosphorea Sowerby, Eng. Fungi, pi.
350. 1802. — Thelephora Indigo Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges.
Leipzig Schrift. 1 : 107. 1822.

Fructifications somewhat round, broadly effused, adnate,
rather thick, membranaceous, separable when moist, indigo-
blue to induline blue, even, somewhat velvety, the margin thin-

[Vol. 13
302 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

ning out, concolorous or whitish ; in section 200-500 \l thick, thick-
ening by becoming stratose, the outer stratum deep blue, the
hyphae thick- walled, interwoven, nodose-septate, not incrusted,
3-4J/J2 \l in diameter; no gloeocystidia; spores even, 6-10 X
4^-5 n.

Fructifications 3-10 cm. in diameter.

On under side of decaying limbs of Quercus and other frondose
species. In Europe, southern United States, Illinois, and Japan.
August to November. Probably in quantity where found.

C. caeruleum is easily recognized by its deep blue color and
occurrence on fallen oak limbs.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 13; Cooke, Fungi Brit.,

221, and ed. II, 5; Libert, PL Crypt. Ard., 22; Ravenel, Fungi

Am., 451; Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 27; de Thumen, Myc. Univ.,

1207; Westendorp, Crypt. Beige, 767.
Denmark: Skarup, E. Rostrup, in de Thumen, Myc. Univ., 1207.
Italy: Cavara, in Cavara, Fungi Longobardiae, 13.
Belgium: in Westendorp, Crypt. Beige, 767.
France: Libert, in Libert, PL Crypt. Ard., 22; Corrombles, F.

Fautrey, comm. by Lloyd Herb.
England: Chichester, in Cooke, Fungi Brit., ed. II, 5.
South Carolina: H. W. Ravenel, in Ravenel, Fungi Car. 3: 27;

Aiken, H. W. Ravenel, Fungi Am., 451.
Georgia: Atlanta, E. Bartholomew, 5679 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 44218).
Florida: Sanford, C. L. Shear, 5204 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

62164).
Alabama: Auburn, F. S. Earle (in Lloyd Herb., 3450, Burt Herb.,

and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4851), Earle & Baker, comm. by

A.B. Seymour (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16394); G. L. Peltier

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 4684), A. H. W. Povah, 906 (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 58692), and F. A. Wolf (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43983); Montgomery County, R. P. Burke (in N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61562), and U (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 16983).
Illinois: Anna, C. J. Humphrey, 1356 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

42932).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 303

Arkansas: Womble, W. H. Long, 19769 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

8961).
Japan: Sendai, A. Yasuda (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58236).

Extra Limital Species

107. C. paniculatum Burt, n. sp.
Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thin, adnate, somewhat membrana-
ceous, small pieces separable, pinkish cinnamon in the herbarium,
even, not shining, not cracked, the margin narrow, thinning out,
with hyphae interwoven; in section 200 n thick, not colored,
composed of loosely interwoven, hyaline hyphae 3 y. in diameter,
not incrusted, not nodose-septate, and of irregularly arranged
gloeocystidia or conducting organs up to 30-75 X 3-6 \l, flexuous
or irregular in form; paraphyses brownish, giving their color to
the hymenium, paniculately branched, with the ultimate branches
very slender, projecting beyond the basidia and forming the
hymenial surface; basidia cylindric-clavate, 30-40 X 43^-6 [a;
„no spores found.

Fructifications 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, confluent longitudinally.

On small, decaying, frondose limbs. Paraguay. August.

C. paniculatum is distinguished among the Corticiums which
have gloeocystidia by its pinkish cinnamon color and hymenial
surface composed of conspicuous, somewhat colored, bushy-
branched paraphyses.

Specimens examined:
Paraguay: Paraguari, Malme, 1081, type, comm. by L. Romell,

331.

Species too Incompletely Described for Location
among Preceding Species

108. C. dendriticum P. Hennings, Hedwigia 41: Beiblatt, 102.
1902; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 168. 1905; v. Hohnel & Litschauer,
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 742. 1907.

Type: in Berlin Herb.

" Carnoso-ceraceum, pallide carneum, dendroideo-ramosum vel
radiato-effusum, margine sicco reflexo, albo-villosulo ; hymenio

[Vol. 13
304 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

ceraceo, pruinoso cameo, sicco rimoso, basidiis clavatis, 2-4-
sterigmatibus, 20-28 X 7-8 y.; sporis subglobosis, subroseis, levi-
bus, 4-5 [l.

"San Jose de Costa Rica auf Stammen von Orangen. — H.
Pittier.

"Der Pilz bildet fleischige, dendritisch verzweigte, fleischrothe
Lager, derselbe soil eine Krankheit der Stamme verursachen.
Mit. C. salicinum Fr. und C. sarcoides Fr. verwandt."

Von Hohnel and Litschauer, in their study of the type specimen
of C. dendriticum, found the spores 10-11 X 8 (i, 4 sterigmata con-
stantly, and the fructifications seated upon a lichen instead of
directly on the trunk of Citrus aurantium.

Excluded Species

Corticium ferax Ell. & Ev. Am. Nat. 31: 339, 1897; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 14: 219. 1899.

Sections of the type specimen in Ellis Coll. in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb, show this to be a Hyphomycete. A specimen under this
name collected on coniferous wood, Beaver Meadow, Hull,
Quebec, was communicated by J. Macoun as the Corticium ferax
Eli. & Ev. of Canadian Cryptogams, 246, Nat. Hist. Survey of
Canada Herb. ; this is Peniophora glebulosa.

Supplement

Since the publication of the earlier parts, the following species
have been received which were not included in those parts or
require further notice.

ALEURODISCUS

See also account of species of Aleurodiscus by Lloyd, Myc.
Writ. 6: Myc. Notes 62: 926. /. 1666-1688. 1920; 65: 1066. /.
2009-2012. 1921.

Aleurodiscus cerussatus (Bres.) v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K.
Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. 116: 807. pi. 4, f. 1. 1907;
Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 351. 1913.

Corticium cerussatum Bresadola, Fungi Trid. 2: 37. pi. Hhf. 3.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 305

1892; I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 112. 1897; Sacc. Syll. Fung.
11: 126. 1895. — Kneiffia cerussata Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 1: 104.
1903.

Type: in Burt Herb., an authentic specimen which is probably
a part of the type.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, thin, waxy, white at
first, becoming between pinkish buff and cream-buff in the her-
barium, even, somewhat pruinose under a lens, cracking at right
angles when old into masses about 3-4 to a mm., the margin
similar, thinning out; in section 100-150 \i thick; not colored,
composed of suberect, interwoven, densely crowded hyphae about
2 [jl in diameter and of very numerous gloeocystidia; gloeocystidia
flexuous, 40-60 X 4-6 |i; bottle-brush paraphyses form the
hymeniai surface; spores hyaline, even, 12-15 X 7-8 \l.

Fructifications 1-7 cm. long, 2-10 mm. wide.

On old, weathered, coniferous wood. Europe, Manitoba, and
Oregon. June to October.

C. cerussatus is distinguished from our other species of Aleuro-
discus with the exception of A. succineus, by having both gloeo-
cystidia and bottle-brush paraphyses and from the latter by being
effused.

Specimens examined :
Italy: Trient, G. Bresadola, part of type probably.
Manitoba: Binscarth, G. R. Bisby, 1050 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

59037); Winnipeg, G. R. Bisby, 65 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57899), and comm. by L. O. Overholts, 7027 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57475).
Oregon: Granite Pass, J. R. Weir, 8682 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

36743).

A. disciformis (DC.) Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 10: 80.
textf. 1894; v. Hohnel & Litschauer, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitz-
ungsber. 116: 798. pi 1, f. 1. 1907; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc.
Myc. Fr. Bui. 28: 350. 1913; Rea, Brit. Basid. 671. 1922.

Thelephora disciformis De Candolle, Fl. Fr. 6: 31. 1915; Fries,
Syst. Myc. 1: 443. 1821— Stereum disciforme (DC.) Fries,
Epicr. 551 . 1838 ; Hym. Eur. 642. 1874 ; Patouillard, Tab. Anal.
Fung. 112./. 250. ISSi.—Peniophora disciformis (DC.) Cooke,

[Vol. 13
306 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Grevillea 8: 20. pi. 122, f. 2. 1879; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 642.
1888.

Fructifications effused, disciform, rather thick, pale olive-buff
to cartridge-buff in the herbarium, pulverulent to velutinous,
even, becoming somewhat cracked, the margin free, narrow, some-
what elevated, somewhat ochraceous on the under side; in section
150-800 \l thick, not colored, composed of erect, densely arranged
hyphae 3-4 (x in diameter, with a great deal of crystalline matter
intermixed; paraphyses 4J^-6 ji in diameter, cylindric, sometimes
becoming irregularly swollen, sometimes somewhat moniliform
toward the apex; spores hyaline, even, 16-20 X 11-15 \l.

Fructifications ^-2J^ cm. in diameter, or Yr^Vi cm. long,
3^-1 cm. wide.

On bark of Quercus. Europe, Mexico, and Africa. August to
May.

A. disciformis is a species whose large fructifications resemble
in aspect those of A. candidus although not as white as the latter
and with paraphyses related in form to those of A. amorphus.

Specimens examined:
Austria: Vienna, V. Litschauer.
Italy: Trentino, G. Bresadola.
France: Aveyron, M. Galzin, 9503, comm. by H. Bourdot, 18550;

locality not stated, Mougeot (in Farlow Herb.).
Mexico: locality not stated, A. Dampf (in Weir Herb.),
r* Africa: Union of South Africa, Stellenbosch, P. A. van der Bijl,

658 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59358).

A. helveolus Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 71. 1925.

Type: in Weir Herb.

Fructifications erumpent, pulvinate to short-clavate, sessile,
rugulose, waxy, somewhat gelatinous, Hay's brown, drying some-
what fuscous; hyphae hyaline, not incrusted, 4^-6 [jl in diam-
eter; no conducting organs; basidia simple, large, 45-80 X 6-
8 [l, with 2-4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, 18-21 X 6-9 (x
according to Bresadola; hymenium surrounds the clubs on ail
sides.

Fructifications about 2 mm. high and 1 mm. in diameter when
moistened.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 307

On bark of dead Salix lasiandra. Washington. November.

The dried fructifications of A . helveolus have some resemblance
in aspect to those of Stereum rufum but swell on softening and
rise to a height of 2 mm. above the bark. The paraphyses were
described by Bresadola as "paraphysibus irregularibus, undulato-
restrictis, moniliformibus, laevibus, 3-6 [l crassis, apice interdum
subcapitals" but they do not show clearly in my preparation.

Specimens examined :
Washington: Spokane, alt. 576 m., J. R. Weir, 16312, type (in

Weir Herb.).

A. macrodens Coker, Elisha Mitchell Scientif. Soc. Jour. 36:
155. pi. 15, upper jigs., pi. 31, f. 7-9. 1921.

Type: part of type in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

" Forming irregular, often somewhat elongated patches about
2 mm. to 2 cm. long with well-defined margins and with much
the aspect of A. candidus; surface minutely pulverulent, pure
white, or pale cream when old and weathered; entire thickness
only about 150-190 \l, the structure in section much obscured by
very small crystals and the densely branched paraphyses. Ba-
sidia entirely embedded, 12-15 \l thick, irregular and bent, with
4 long, stout sterigmata, which only reach the surface by their
tips. Spores commonly rectangular in outline, the surface set
with a few large, irregularly placed, bluntly pointed spines which
are up to 4 pi long; body of spore 113^-15 X 18^-27 (i."

On bark of living trees of Fraxinus and Salix. New Hampshire
to North Carolina. May to December. Probably common.

" In passing the plant would be taken for A. candidus, but when
examined is seen to be much thinner with the closely pressed
margin not showing a dark underside. The spores are remark-
able and unlike any others in the genus."

Specimens examined :
New Hampshire: Chocorua, W. G. Farlow, 1.
New York: Alcove, C. L. Shear, 1302, 1305; East Galway, E. A.

Burt; Poughkeepsie, W. R. Gerard, 294, comm. by N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.
North Carolina: Chapel Hill, W. C. Coker, 4734, type, comm. by

Univ. North Carolina Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57427).

e*

[Vol. 13
308 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

A. subcruentatus (Berk. & Curtis) Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann.
7: 237. 1920; Zeller, Mycologia 14: 179. 1922.

Stereum subcruentatum Berk. & Curtis, Am. Acad. Arts & Sci.
Proc. 4: 123. 1858; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 567. 1888.

Type: in Farlow Herb.

Fructifications small, sometimes effuso-reflexed, with the re-
flexed portion up to 1-2 mm. broad but more frequently resupin-
ate, somewhat discoid, with the margin free all around and
slightly elevated — in one fructification grown out so as to be
attached by the vertex; upper side of reflexed pileus whitish at
the margin, avellaneous nearer the substratum, somewhat radi-
ately rugose, mealy; hymenium even, white or becoming pinkish
buff; pulverulent; in section 500-1000 p. thick, not colored, com-
posed of suberect, densely interwoven hyphae among a great
amount of obscuring crystalline and mineral matter which is
often in masses up to 45 X 15 |&; hyphae about 2 pi in diameter;
hymenial portion up to 600 |i thick, composed of several layers,
containing more or less numerous imbedded spores resembling
the basidiospores; paraphyses simple, filiform, probably torulose,
about 2-3 \i in diameter, basidiospores copious at surface of
hymenium, hyaline, even, somewhat flattened on one side, 12-
18 X 9-12 tx.

Fructifications 2-15 mm. in diameter.

On bark of Tsuga Sieboldii in Japan and on bark of living
trunks of Picea sitchensis and Douglas fir in California and Ore-
gon. August and September.

A. subcruentatus has hymenial surface and spores suggestive of
A. disciformis but is a very distinct species by having its fructi-
fications effuso-reflexed when on the bark of standing trunks, by
occurrence on conifers, thick and zonate hymenial portion, and
presence of imbedded spores.

Specimens examined :
— Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 1809 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

56330).
California: Requa, W. H. Snell (Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55860)

and E. E. Hubert, comm. by J. R. Weir, 9946 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56229).
Japan: C. Wright, 265, type, Fungi U. S. Pac. Expl. Exp. (in

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 309

Farlow Herb.); Mt. Akayu, Prov. Echego, A, Yasuda, 22 (in
Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55659).

A. succineus Bresadola, Mycologia 17: 71. 1925.

Type: in Weir Herb.

Fructifications small, flattened, becoming disk-shaped by slight
elevation of the margin, mouse-gray, pruinose, with the margin
thick, entire, becoming free, under side pale; in section 500 |i
thick, composed of densely arranged, ascending, thin-walled,
hyaline hyphae 3-5 \l in diameter and of numerous gloeocystidia;
gloeocystidia flexuous, 75-100 X 8-10 p; paraphyses cylindric, of
bottle-brush form, very numerous in the surface of the hymenium ;
basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, ellipsoidal, 10
X5pi.

Fructifications 1-3 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide.

On old weathered wood of Arbutus Menziesii. Oregon. Sep-
tember.

A. succineus is readily recognized by its discoid fructifications
which have both gloeocystidia and bottle-brush paraphyses.

Specimens examined :
Oregon: Grants Pass, J. R. Weir, 8682 , type (in Weir Herb.).

A. Zelleri Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, gregarious, erumpent, pulvinate,
convex, pinkish buff to tawny; in section about 600 \l thick,
composed of a broad layer of erect, somewhat interwoven hyphae
3-33^ ix in diameter, not incrusted, bearing a hymenial layer; no
cystidia; gloeocystidia flexuous, 30-40 X 4 n, confined to the hy-
menial layer; basidia protruding, with 4 sterigmata; spores hy-
aline, even, 6-9 X 4-43^ n, copious.

Fructifications 3^-1}^ mm. in diameter, about J/£ mm. thick —
10 on an area about 1 cm. square.

On small dead twigs of a frondose species — perhaps Alnus.
Oregon. December.

A, Zelleri may be recognized by its small, tawny, convex
fructifications, erumpent from lenticels in the bark and having
somewhat the aspect of a Tubercularia.

[Vol. 13
310 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Oregon : Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 6800, type.

CONIOPHORA

Coniophora corrugis Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications broadly effused, coriaceous-membranaceous,
loosely attached, separable when moist, between fawn color and
salmon-pink to russet-vinaceous, even when dry, somewhat
wrinkled when moist, cracking in drying, the margin whitish,
byssoid ; in section 300 y. thick, not colored, with a broad layer
next to the substratum of slender, loosely interwoven, thick-
walled, nodose-septate hyphae about 33^-4 \l in diameter, not
incrusted, and with a very compact hymenial layer; no gloeo-
cystidia nor cystidia; basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores even,
6-10 X 4-7 (a, usually hyaline but when fully mature some at
least are colored.

Fructifications 2-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

On logs and dead limbs and on living trees of Pinus ponderosa,
Abies lasiocarpay Picea Engelmannii, Juniperus, and Ribes. In
mountain forests. Wyoming to Colorado and British Columbia
to Arizona. May to October. Common.

This species is most likely to be referred to Corticium, for it
does not produce spores copiously and the few found in prep-
arations may be full-sized and hyaline. It was 14 years after
the type collection was received before it was demonstrated from
a more mature specimen that the spores become colored finally.
Several other collections with hyaline spores were received in the
interval. C. corrugis may be recognized among our alpine
species by its occurrence on the hosts stated, somewhat cori-
aceous, loosely attached, vinaceous fructifications, and large
spores. The occurrence on living trees, as noted by Dr. Weir on
Idaho specimens, is almost sufficient to identify this species when
so found. C. corrugis seems related to C. polyporoidea.

Specimens examined :
Exsiccati: Baker, Pacific Slope Fungi, 3570, under the name

Corticium corruge Burt.
Wyoming: Jackson Hole, E. B. Payson, 2369 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 57369).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 311

Colorado: Arapahoe region, B. M. Duggar (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 63771); Tolland, L. 0. Overholts, 1801 (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 43785, 54873), and E. Bethel (in N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 61447).
Idaho: St. Joe National Forest, J. R. Weir (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 43759, 63761); Victor, E. B. Payson, 2353, 2362 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57358, 57362).
British Columbia: Sidney, J. Macoun, 83 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 55354).
Washington: Mt. Paddo, W. N. Suksdorf, 732, type.
Oregon: Austin, J. R. Weir, 5242 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

55944).
California: Mt. Shasta, E. B. Copeland, in Baker, Pacific Slope

Fungi, 3570; Santa Barbara, W. H. Morse, comm. by C. J.

Humphrey, 860 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 19314).
Arizona: Mt. Humphrey, near Flagstaff, W. H. Long, 21323 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55130); Peak Agassiz, near Flagstaff,

W. H. Long, 19489 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44737, 55129).

C. flavomarginata Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, thick, membranaceous, separable, when
growing avellaneous, with the margin flavous, fading in the
herbarium to pinkish buff with margin whitish, even or somewhat
colliculose, velvety, the margin radiate-fimbriate; in section
500 y. thick, chamois-colored, becoming stratose, the hyphae
suberect, densely arranged and interwoven, slightly colored, thin-
walled, collapsing, 3-3J/£ y. in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-
septate; no cystidia nor gloeocystidia; spores slightly colored,
even, cylindric, 12-15 X 43^-6 \l.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, J^-3 cm. wide.

In crevices of the rough bark of large branches of Quercus
Garryana. Washington. December and March.

The faded herbarium specimens of C. flavomarginata have
aspect similar to those of C. polyporoidea but very different tissues
and spores. The yellow margin of the thick, tan-colored fructi-
fications composed of 3 strata, should make this species conspicu-
ous in its region, and it is rather surprising that it has not been
received except from Mr. Suksdorf.

[Vol. 13
312 ANNALS OF THE MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Specimens examined:
Washington: Bingen, W. N. SuksdorJ, 912, 913; W. Klickitat
County, W. N. Suksdorf, 888, type, and 889.

C. Sistotremoides (Schw.) Massee

Thelephora Sistotremoides Schweinitz, Naturforsch. Ges. Leip-
zig Schrift. 1: 109. 1822. — Corticium suffocatum Peck, N. Y.
State Mus. Rept. 30: 48. 1879.

Type: under the name Odontia Sistotremoides of Curtis Herb,
in Farlow Herb, and probably also in Berkeley Herb, at Kew and
Schweinitz Herb.

I was misled as to C. Sistotremoides in my presentation of the
species in Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 4: 249. 1917, by having to base
the work on the descriptions formerly published. I have since
found in Farlow Herb, a piece 12 X 6 mm. of the authentic
specimen from Schweinitz Herb. This specimen is in excellent
preservation ; a preparation from it wholly changes the concept of
C. Sistotremoides, whose description should become: —

Fructifications effused, thin, membranaceous, not fleshy, some-
what separable, becoming sepia in the herbarium, even, not
papillate; in section 200-300 [l thick, colored like the hymenium,
composed of colored hyphae 4-4}^ t* m diameter, incrusted, not
nodose-septate, loosely arranged and interwoven, rather irregular
in form; no cystidia present or not distinguishable from im-
mature basidia; spores colored, even, 9-10 X 6 n.

Authentic specimen is on reddish brown coniferous bark.

The type specimen of C. Sistrotremoides is darker than that of
C. stiff ocata but not specifically distinct in my opinion. The
account and distribution published for the latter in my earlier
work applies to C. Sistotremoides. The descriptive matter pub-
lished there for C. Sistotremoides should be struck out.

CRATERELLUS

Craterellus subundulatus Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 67: 27.
1903.

Thelephora subundulata Peck, Torr. Bot. Club Bui. 22: 492.
1895; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 214. 1899.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 313

Fructifications gregarious or cespitose; pileus thin, coriaceous-
fleshy, depressed or subinfundibuliform, sometimes split on one
side, slightly floccose-squamulose or fibrillose, grayish or grayish
brown, becoming light drab in the herbarium, wavy or lobed on
the margin, the lobes often overlapping; stem equal, solid, colored
like the pileus; hymenium uneven or shallowly radiately venose,
decurrent, drying light pinkish cinnamon; no setae nor cystidia;
basidia with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one
side, 6-9 X 4^-6 pu

Fructifications when dried lJ^-2 cm. high; pileus 4-13 mm. in
diameter; stem 8-14 mm. long, 1-1}^ nun. thick.

On ground under trees of Fagus. New York and Delaware.
July and August.

Peck noted this species as related to C. sinuosus, from which it
differs in smaller size, solid and darker-colored stem, and slightly
smaller spores. The fructifications are apparently plentiful when
found, for some 30 fructifications of various sizes comprise each
gathering.

Specimens examined :
New York: New York Botanical Garden, New York, Peck &

Earle, 1064 (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

and Burt Herb.).
Delaware: Wilmington, A. Commons, 2718, type (in N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Herb.).

C. turbinatus Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Pileus solitary, stipitate, coriaceous-corky, cylindric-turbinate,
solid, with the margin erect, lobed, thinner, and the disk depressed,
drying snuff-brown to Prout's brown, glabrous, even ; flesh drying
pale Saccardo's umber, and with a fragrant, pronounced odor,
and taste not noteworthy; lamellae decurrent, distant, narrow,
about 1 mm. broad in the dried specimen, thin, about 2-4 mm.
apart, not connected nor with venose interspaces, concolorous
with the pileus, with colored conducting organs in the subhy-
menial tissue; basidia simple, with at least 2 sterigmata demon-
strated; spores slightly colored, even, globose, 5-6 (& in diameter;
stem not sharply differentiated from the pileus, solid, contracting
abruptly below, glabrous.

[Vol. 13
314 ANNALS OP THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications 10 cm. high; pileus 7 cm. high, 3-4 cm. in di-
ameter, with lobes up to 3 cm. long; stem 3 cm. long.

On stump of Quercus. California. March.

I have seen of this species only a dried specimen which was
collected by Lieutenant McWhorter at a military training camp
and I am not sure that the species may not be transferred eventu-
ally to perhaps Paxillus on account of the thin lamellae, which
are, however, very narrow and distant. The species is dis-
tinguished by its thick, solid, snuff-brown, glabrous fructifica-
tions drying with fragrant odor, by globose, colored spores, and
by occurrence on an oak stump.

Specimens examined:
California: near Base Hospital, Camp Stewart, Palo Alto, F. P.

McWhorter, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57269).

Craterellus (?) Zelleri Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Pileus fleshy when growing, thin, tubaeform, drying Prout's
brown, with the erect, spreading margin deeply lacerate — in some
cases to the stem and rarely splitting the stem on one side nearly
to the ground; stem short, perforate, hollow, even, glabrous,
Prout's brown; hymenium drying chamois to Naples yellow, even
or reticulately plicate and with the larger pores subdivided into
smaller, shallow pits more completely covering the under surface
of the pileus but present also, although less well-developed, in
patches on the upper side; no gloeocystidia; basidia simple, with
6, or perhaps more, sterigmata; spores colored, even, 8-9 X
4^-6 *

Fructifications up to 6 cm. high; pileus 3-4 cm. broad; stem 2
cm. long, 3 mm. thick.

On the ground in a dense forest. Oregon. March.

I have included this species in Craterellus because of the
similarity of the subhymenial hyphae to the longitudinally ar-
ranged hyphae of the pileus and my inability to detect any evi-
dence of an underlying hymenium. The aspect of the fungus is
that of Craterellus cornucopioides. It is my opinion that this
species will eventually be demonstrated to be a Merulius para-
sitic or saprophytic on the pilei of Craterellus cornucopioides. I
know no Merulius to which this species is referable.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 315

Specimens examined :
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 2098, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb., 58770).

CYPHELLA

Cyphella alboviolascens (Alb. & Schw.) Karsten, Finska Vet.-
Soc. Bidrag Natur och Folk 37: 133. 1882; 48: 400. 1889;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 669. 1888; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 26: 225. 1910; Rea, Brit. Basid., 698. 1922; Pilat, Ann.
Myc. 22: 211. 1924; Monogr. Cyphellacearum Czechoslov. 2:
45.pl.l,f.2. 1925.

Peziza alboviolascens Albertini & Schweinitz, Consp. Fung. 322.
pi. 8, f. 4- 1805. — Cyphella Curreyi Berk. & Broome, Not. Brit.
Fungi, 935, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. III. 7: 379. 1861.

Fructifications gregarious or scattered, somewhat spherical at
first, becoming flattened at the pore and somewhat hemispherical,
white, densely villose, sessile or subsessile, soft throughout and
easily sectioned, the margin inrolled ; hairs white, rough, 6 |x in
diameter, up to 120 n long; hymenium concave, often violaceous;
spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side, the convex side nearly
subangular, 9-12 x 6-9 \l.

Fructifications up to 1 mm. broad in American gatherings, up
to Y2 mm. high.

On dead twigs of Syringa vulgaris and Sambucus. Europe and
Maine. July to October.

C. alboviolascens differs from C. Tiliae by softer fructifications,
shorter, nearly 3-angled spores, and shorter hairs. C. villosa is
closely related.

Specimens examined:
Exsiccati: Sydow, Myc. Germ., 353.

Germany: Brandenburg, P. Vogel, in Sydow, Myc. Germ., 353.
Czecho-Slovakia : A. Pilat
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

58742, and Burt Herb.), comm. by W. G. Farlow (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55573).

C. fasciculata (Schw.) Berk. & Curtis

Collections made on Alnus oregana extend the range of C. fas-

[Vol. 13
316 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

ciculata to Oregon. These specimens have the spores up to
8-10 X 5-6 (i — twice the diameter of the spores of specimens of
eastern United States — and somewhat larger basidia, but their
other characters are so similar to those of eastern specimens that
it now seems best to refer them to C. fasciculate.

These specimens are:
Oregon: Corvallis, F. D. Bailey (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 44144,

44199).

C. galeata (Schum.) Fr.

To my description of this species in Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 1:
362. 1915, it should be added that the spores are tawny, rough
to verrucose, 7-9 X 6-8 n, or subglobose, 8-10 \l in diameter, ac-
cording to Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 26: 227. 1910,
and Rea, Brit. Basid., 704. 1922.

C. marginata McAlpine, Fung. Dis. Stone-fruit Trees in
Australia, 120. /. 229-282. 1902; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 192.
1905; Zeller, Mycologia 14: 179. 1922.

Fructifications gregarious, fleshy-gelatinous, sessile, globose,
somewhat ochraceous, drying drab and hoary, the pore distinct
when full grown but nearly closed by the inrolled margin; hairs
curved, honey-yellow, even, up to 120 X4ji; basidia simple,
40-45 X 6-8 [x, with 4 sterigmata; spores hyaline, even, 10-12
X 6-7 [l.

Fructifications usually }4 mm- m diameter, reported up to 1
mm. in diameter.

On small "die back" twigs of peach, almond, and apple.
Australia and Oregon. July.

The small, grayish drab fructifications were very numerous on
the small twigs received. Up to 30 were counted on an area 1 mm
square.

Specimens examined:
Oregon: Corvallis, S. M. Zeller, 1830, 1831 (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 56334, 56335).

C. muscicola Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 202. 1823; Hym. Eur. 663.
1874; Patouillard, Tab. Anal. Fung. 19. /. 31. 1883; Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 6:682. 1888.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 317

Phaeocyphella muscicola (Ft.) Rea, Brit. Basid., 704. 1922;
Pilat, Monogr. Cyphellacearum Czechoslov. 2: 67. text f. 16.
1925.

Fructifications gregarious, sessile or subsessile, cup-shaped,
thin, membranaceous, the margin slightly downy, at length
somewhat flaring; hymenium concave, even, snuff-brown with the
copious spores; spores colored, even, spherical, 6-6^2 u- in di-
ameter, so copious that they conceal the basidia.

Fructifications up to 1 mm. in diameter in American specimens,
equalling the diameter in height.

On mosses. West Indies. November.

I have seen no European specimens of this species but the single
gathering from Grenada agrees well with the concept of the
species as more definitely described by the recent European
mycologists. The occurrence on mosses, ashy white, open cups
which become slightly flaring at the margin, and brown hy-
menium and spores are distinctive characters.

Specimens examined :
Grenada : R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 5.

C. patens A. L. Smith, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 35: 10. pi. l,f. 6-8.
I?ti 1891; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 17: 192. 1905.

Type: in Brit. Mus. Herb, presumably.

"Sparsa, tubaeformis, dein elongata, fere ad basim fissa et ex-
pansa, margine superiore incurvata, circa 5 mm. longa, 2 mm.
lata, extus flava tomentosa; hymenio brunneo, lamellis paucis
angustis lamelliformis instructis; sporis globosis, minute asperulis,
5 [l diam., hyalinis.

"On bark of tree, Morne Niger Maron [Dominica]. Sept.
1892. No. 323.

"This species seems to form a transition between the forms
with a rugulose hymenium such as C. Malbranchei, Pat., and
genera with regular gills such as Lentinus; the incurving margin
and the shape of the immature specimens have decided the placing
it in Cyphella."

C. sessilis Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

[Vol. 13
318 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Fructifications gregarious, sessile, closely adnate, white, very
thin, membranaceous-fleshy, applanate, even, ceraceous, the
margin slightly elevated, narrow, white, fibrillose; in section 60 \l
thick, not colored, with the hyphae ascending, thin-walled, 2-3 y.
in diameter; no gloeocystidia; basidia simple, 12 x 4^ \l, with
4 sterigmata; spores becoming pale-colored, even, 6-7 x %lA~
4 |x.

Fructifications 200-400 y. in diameter.

On fallen palm leaves. Bermuda. January.

The small, circular fructifications are rather near together and
numerous, 17 having been counted on an area 1 cm. square.
They are adnate by the whole under surface, with the hymenium
flat and bordered by the narrow, white, fibrillose margin. Most
of the spores are hyaline; some, however, are somewhat colored.
The aspect is that of a minute Discomycete.

Specimens examined:
Bermuda: H. H. Whetzel, Ajj, type, comm. by R. Thaxter (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58708), and duplicate from H. H. Whet-
zel.

C. tela (B. & C.) Massee, Jour. Myc. 6: 179. pi. 7,f. 12, 13.
1891.

Peziza tela Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 3: 156. 1875. — Tapesia
tela (B. & C.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 373. 1889.— An Peziza Dae-
dalea Schw.?

Type: in Farlow Herb, and Kew Herb., under the name
Peziza tela.

" Gregarious on a dense white subiculum; cups minute, 150-
180 ji diameter, subglobose; mouth at first small, becoming ex-
panded, but the acute margin always remains more or less in-
curved; externally blackish brown, frosted with glistening crystals
of oxalate of lime; hymenium concave, even, naked, blackish
brown; basidia clavate, tetrasperous; spores subglobose or broadly
pyriform, smooth, pale brown, 7 by 5 pi.

"On wood. Lower Carolina. (Type in Herb. Berk., Kew,
No. 7724).

"The present species, owing to its dark color and gregarious
habit, also being furnished with a dense, white, broadly effused,

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 319

superficial mycelium, suggests the genus Peziza when examined
under a low power, but is a true Cyphella"

I have examined superficially the type of Peziza tela B. <fe C. in
Farlow Herb, and the aspect is so similar to that of Solenia poriae-
formis that Massee's statement about the spores of P. tela being
colored should be confirmed. I was unable to make such exami-
nation of the spores. The type of Peziza Daedalea Schw. has the
same aspect as P. tela.

C. Thaxteri Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications very small, gregarious, stipitate, cup-shaped
with the mouth open, drying between avellaneous and light
pinkish cinnamon, merely farinose under a lens but really hairy
when highly magnified, the margin inrolled when dry; hairs
Isabella color, even, flexuous, 25-30 X 4-43^ \l; hymenium Isa-
bella color; basidia simple, 16 X 4-6 ;jl; spores ochraceous, even,
7-8 X 5 [i; stem central, cylindric, with surface like the pileus.

Fructifications about 34 Tarn, in diameter; stem about 140 ^
long, 60-80 \l thick.

On bark. West Indies. November.

About 30 of the small, goblet-shaped fructifications are present
on an area about 3^ cm. long, 34 cm. wide. The farinose surface
of the exterior of the cups and stem is probably due to granular
matter on the hairs, but no trace of such matter is found when
the hairs are examined in permanent glycerine mounts by the
compound microscope.

Specimens examined:
Grenada: Grand Etang, R. Thaxter, type, comm. by W. G. Farlow.

HYPOCHNUS

Hypochnus albus Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, small, circular, closely adnate, very
thin, snow-white, even, velutinous under a lens with the large
cystidia, not shining, the margin similar; in section 30-60 ix thick,
not colored, composed of loosely interwoven, hyaline hyphae
13^-2 (x in diameter, not nodose-septate, incrusted in the sub-

[Vol. 13
320 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

hymenium; no gloeocystidia; cystidia somewhat incrusted, 75-
120 X 9-15 (x, of greatest diameter at the base, usually seated on
the incrusted zone, more rarely on the substratum; paraphyses
delicate, branching in antler-shaped form ; spores hyaline, globose,
l}/2 (i. in diameter, even at first, finally minutely echinulate,
borne 4 to a basidium.

Fructifications 1-4 mm. in diameter, 3 present on an area
12 X 15 mm.

On bark of a frondose species among mosses and lichens in a
moist, virgin forest. Mexico. January.

The small, white fructifications, conspicuous cystidia, antler-
shaped paraphyses, and echinulate spores form a unique group of
characters distinguishing H. albus. But for the echinulate
spores this species could have been placed in Peniophora next to
P. phyllophila.

Specimens examined :
Mexico: Orizaba, Nuevo, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 749a, type,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

54654).

H. epiphyllus (Schw.) Burt, n. comb.

Hydnum epiphyllum Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4 :
163. 1832. — Hypochnus granulosus (Peck) Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard.
Ann. 3: 218. textf. 9. 1916, where additional synonymy is given.

Type: in Farlow Herb, from Schweinitz Herb, and probably in
Schweinitz Herb, and at Kew, under the name Hydnum epiphyl-
lum.

In Curtis Herb, of Farlow Herb, there are specimens of this
species under the name Hydnum epiphyllum, collected in Ala-
bama, Peters, 112 %, and also under the herbarium name, Odontia
grandinia, collector Peters, 1116.

H. filamentosus Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, small, closely adnate, very thin, hypoch-
noid-arachnoid, Mars-brown but this color completely soluble in
dilute potassium hydrate solution; hymenium not continuous and
showing many ends of fibrils under a lens, the margin thinning out;

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 321

in section up to 90 [l thick in some places but with much thinner
connecting portions and mycelial strands in the same section,
colored but wholly bleached by action of potassium hydrate
solution, the hyphae incrusted, 4-5 y. in diameter, often together
in rope-like strands up to 18 y. in diameter with crystalline matter
on the outer surface of the strands; basidia 15 X5|i, with 4
sterigmata, protruding from the covering matter of the strands,
few observed; spores attached to the basidia are hyaline (after
treatment of the sections with potassium hydrate solution),
subglobose, rough, 3 y. in diameter; no cystidia.

Fructifications 1-4 mm. in diameter, somewhat confluent for a
length of 2 cm.

On small fragments of blackened, decaying wood of a frondose
species — apparently on the under side next to the ground.
Cuba. March.

The specimen upon which the description is based is scantily
developed; collections with normal continuous hymenium will
probably eventually be made. The distinguishing characters
seem to be Mars-brown color, complete bleaching by potassium
hydrate solution, numerous rope-like strands, hyphae thin-
walled, incrusted, collapsing, and small subglobose spores.

Specimens examined :
Cuba: locality not stated, C. G. Lloyd, 4%4, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 55174).

H. fumosus Fr.

To the synonymy of this species in Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 3: 239.
1916, should be added Odontia tenuis Peck, N. Y. State Mus.
Rept. 44: 134. 1891. Study of the type in N. Y. State Mus.
Herb, shows the outer surface overrun with the intricate, branch-
ing, anastomosing, mycelial threads, and the spores white, mi-
nutely echinulate, 4-4^ X 2}^ ix— both characteristic of H.
fumosus.

H. pallidofulvus (Peck) Burt, n. comb.

Zygodesmus pallidofulvus Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 105: 30.
1906; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 22: 1358. 1913.— Hypochnus subfer-
rugineus Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 3: 210. 1916.

[Vol. 13
322 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

Study of the type of Zygodesmus pallidofulvus in N. Y. State
Mus. Herb, shows the species to be an Hypochnus specifically the
same as H . subferrugineus, which therefore becomes a synonym.

H. Rhacodium Berk. & Curtis in herb, under Stereum, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., Farlow Herb., and Kew Herb.

Fructifications effused, very thick, crust-like and brittle when
dry and fuscous or dusky drab externally and throughout, col-
liculose, not cracked, the margin unknown; in section 1H~3 mm.
thick, fuscous, composed (1) of a layer 3^-2 mm. thick next to the
substratum, fibrous and tow-like, composed of loosely interwoven,
thick- walled, rigid hyphae up to 6 y. in diameter, not incrusted,
rarely nodose-septate, and (2) of a crust-like hymenial portion,
composed of 1 or 2 layers with hyphae erect, densely crowded,
colored, 4-5 [i in diameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate,
bearing basidia; no gloeocystidia nor cystidia; basidia with at
least 2 sterigmata demonstrated; spores concolorous with the
hyphae, acuieate-tuberculate, somewhat angular, the body 6-7 (i
in diameter.

Fructifications probably large — known from fragments up to
2 cm. long, Y^ cm. wide.

On under side of decaying logs of apparently a frondose species.
Pennsylvania.

H. Rhacodium has the aspect of a thick, dark fuscous, effused
Hypoxylon. The hyphae of the under layer are brittle when dry
so that the hymenial crust is very likely to split away from the
substratum through this brittle layer. The specimens in Kew
and Farlow Herbaria, communicated by Michener through
Curtis, consist of the hymenial crust. Michener's own speci-
men, now in the Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., has the whole fructifica-
tion to the woody substratum. This species is related to H.
umbrinus.

Specimens examined:
Pennsylvania: E. Michener, type, No. 1435 to M. A. Curtis (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 5095, in Farlow Herb., and Kew Herb.

as Curtis Herb., 4061, under the herbarium name Stereum

Rhacodium).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 323

H. subviolaceus Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 47: 151. 1894;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 11 : 130. 1895.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, violet-gray
at first, becoming drab in the herbarium, even, velutinous, the
margin whitish at first, fibrillose; in section 90 (j. thick, colored,
composed of suberect and interwoven, densely arranged, thin-
walled hyphae 2 \l in diameter, some hyaline and many colored
and bushy-branched; spores nearly hyaline, globose, rough or
minutely aculeate, 4-4^ y. in diameter.

Fructification 2J^ cm. long, \l/2 cm. wide, broken off at both
ends and on one side.

On badly decayed coniferous wood. Canada. September.

The aspect of H. subviolaceus is not hypochnoid but rather that
of a very thin Coniophora. The occurrence on decorticated conif-
erous wood, drab color, system of bushy-branched, colored tissue
in addition to, and somewhat masking, the usual hyphae, and the
small nearly hyaline spores should aid in recognition of this
species.

Specimens examined :
Canada: /. Macoun, type (in N. Y. State Mus. Herb.), and comm.

by N. Y. State Mus. Herb., T 34 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

H. umbrinus (Fr.) Quelet, Fl. Myc. 2. 1888.

The above combination has priority over that in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Ann. 3: 213. 1916, according to Wakefield, Brit. Myc.
Soc. Trans. 6: 132. 1919. I have not access to a copy of the
Quelet.

Upon reexamination of the sections in my preparation from the
type of Thelephora arachnoidea Berk. & Br., I think that this is a
Septobasidium as stated by Bresadola, Ann. Myc. 14: 241. This
species should therefore be struck out in my work where given
as a synonym of H. umbrinus.

Caldesiella viridis (Alb. & Schw.) Pat. Essai Taxon. 120. 1900;
Rea, Brit. Basid. 651. 1922; Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc. Fr.
Bui. 40: 128. 1924.— Odontia viridis (Alb. & Schw.) Quelet, Fl.
Myc. 434. 1888; Bresadola, I. R. Accad. Agiati Atti III. 3: 97.

[Vol. 13
324 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

1897.— Hydnum viride (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 421.
1821; Hym. Eur. 614, 1874.

This species has hypochnoid texture, color deep grape-green at
first, fading to Vetiver green in the herbarium, and minutely
echinulate spores slightly colored, about 3}^-5 x 3-3}^ jx. I
have seen American collections from Vermont, Missouri, and
British Columbia. The fructifications are sometimes so even
that they might be referred to Hypochnus.

PENIOPHORA

Peniophora populnea (Peck) Burt, n. comb.

Stereum populneum Peck, N. Y. State Mus. Rept. 47: 145.
1894.

Type: in N. Y. State Mus. Herb, and Burt Herb.

Fructifications effused, often confluent, adnate, rather thin,
small pieces separable when moist, brown tinged with liver color
when fresh, becoming between Natal brown and Mars brown in
the herbarium, not shining, somewhat colliculose, contracting in
drying and cracking into angular masses Yt^-Vi m:m' "* diameter,
the margin thin, radiate-dentate, pale, drying slightly free in
some places; in section 250-300 [l thick, colored, 2-layered, with
a broad layer next to the substratum composed of longitudinally
arranged, crowded and densely interwoven, nearly hyaline hyphae
23^-3 (x in diameter, and with an equal, colored hymenial layer
composed of erect, densely crowded and interwoven, brownish
hyphae and brownish paraphyses and cystidia; no gloeocystidia;
cystidia heavily incrusted, very large, up to 60-100 X 20-25 (i,
at the surface of the hymenium but not protruding; paraphyses
hair-like, colored, slender, 1-1 3^ ja in diameter, branching at or
near the tips into 2 or 3 short branches; basidia cylindric, 70-
90 X 3-4 n, probably simple and with 4 very short sterigmata;
spores hyaline, even, 12-15 X 4 p.

Fructifications 3^ cm. long, 3 cm. wide.

On bark of decaying Populus tremuloides. New York.
August.

P. populneum should be recognized by its occurrence on poplar
logs, liver color externally and colored substance, cracked hy-
menium, very large cystidia, and long and slender basidia. The

1926)

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 325

layer of hyphae longitudinally arranged along the substratum and
the very long and slender basidia have made me question whether
this species is not an Auricularia but I have been unable to
demonstrate transverse septation in any of the basidia.

Specimens examined :
New York: Ray Brook, Essex County, C. H. Peck, type (in N. Y.

State Mus. Herb., under the name Stereum populneum, and in

Burt Herb.).

STEREUM

Stereum aculeatum (B. & C.) Burt, n. comb.

Thelephora aculeata Berk. & Curtis, Grevillea 1: 149. 1873;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 523. 1888; Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 7:
232. 1920.

I now refer to S. aculeatum a small specimen received since the
publication of the part on Stereum. This specimen has the com-
ponent fructifications central-stemmed, laterally confluent, and
resembling in aspect S. pallidum, but differing from the latter by
the presence of gloeocystidia and the absence of cystidia; the
spores are hyaline, even, 5 X 33^-4 \l.

Fructifications 4 cm. high, 2J/£ cm. wide.

On the ground. South Carolina and Missouri. June and
August.

Specimens examined :
South Carolina: Santee Swamp, H. W. Ravenel, 764, type (Curtis

Herb., 2009, in Kew Herb., and Farlow Herb.) ; Clemson Col-
lege, P. H. Rolfs, 1835.
Missouri: locality not stated, Dr. Emig, comm. by J. R. Weir,

18820 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58744, and Burt Herb.).

S. atrorubrum Ell. & Ev. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc.
1890: 219. 1890; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 225. 1891.

Type: in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and a fragment in Burt Herb.

" Fan-shaped or reniform, 1-3 cm. broad and long, coriaceous,
thin, narrowed behind into a sessile base, hollow at first (about
the same color as S. complicatum) and tomentose-pubescent with
a few narrow faint zones, but when mature of a dull dark red
(about the color of the pileus of Pol. lucidus) with the surface

[Vol. 13
326 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

glabrous and densely radiate-rugose, margin lobed and crisped
and in some specimens proliferous, young hymenium yellow,
becoming when old brick color when moist, paler when dry. In
the mature state the 3-5 concentric zones are more distinct and
slightly elevated. The specimens roll up in drying and become
hard and brittle/ '

We have but very few strictly sessile or reniform species of
Stereum, although sessile specimens of common effuso-reflexed
species were described as distinct species; more collections of S.
atrorubrum are needed to clear up this important character in
this case. The upper surface of the fragment seen by me is now
dusky brown to bone-brown, glabrous, shining, strongly radiately
rugose and shallowly concentrically sulcate; hymenium even,
glabrous, avellaneous; in structure about 800 y. thick, composed
of (1) an intermediate layer of longitudinal, densely arranged,
thick-walled, rigid hyphae 3-3% y. in diameter, (2) bordered on
the upper side by an opaque, brown layer 60 y. thick which gives
the color to the pileus, and (3) curving on the lower side into a
hymenial layer 300 y. thick; no cystidia, gloeocystidia, nor con-
spicuous conducting organs; spores up to 7 X 2-2^ y. present
but may not belong for only 2 seen.

The date of the collection — May — and appearance of the
hymenium suggest a specimen of the preceding season which has
held over through the winter and may have had somewhat dif-
ferent characters when growing. The very dark-colored, strongly
radiating rugose upper side of the pileus is noteworthy.

Specimens examined :

British Columbia : on old logs, J. Macoun, 86, type, a fragment
examined.

S. radicans (Berk.) Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 7: 108. pi 3,
f. 16. 1920.

In a collection of this species from Porto Rico, in Mo. Bot.
Gard. Herb., 7585, the spores have become slightly colored,
showing that this species belongs in Thelephora. The species is
really an intermediate between Stereum and Thelephora, having
the dense, intermediate layer of Stereum and also vesicular gloeo-
cystidia in the hymenial layer. The spores are still hyaline in 3
of the 4 gatherings which I have studied.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 327

S. Underwoodii Burt, n. sp.

An Stereum induratum Berkeley, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 16: 44.
1877?

Type: in Burt Herb.

Fructifications corky, not hard nor indurated, adnate, resupi-
nate and effused, sometimes narrowly reflexed, the reflexed surface
drab in the herbarium where young, nearly black where oldest,
somewhat concentrically sulcate, fibrillose, not shining, the
margin entire; hymenium warm buff to honey-yellow in the
herbarium, even, velutinous; in section 3^-2 mm. thick, colored
warm buff to tawny olive throughout, stratose, composed of
densely interwoven, colored, rigid hyphae l}^-2}/£ \l in diameter,
highly branched and with many branches of more or less antler-
shaped form; no cystidia, gloeocystidia, conducting organs nor
imbedded spores; spores hyaline, even, 10 X5|i but may not
belong, only 1 seen.

Fructifications effused over areas 6 mm. -5 cm. long, 6 mm.-2
cm. wide, the reflexed margin 2-3 mm. broad.

On bark of Xolisima. West Indies and Brazil. September and
April.

This species has the antler-shaped branching of hyphae char-
acteristic of Hypochnus pallescens, H. peniophor aides, Aster o-
stromella dura, and Stereum duriusculum. The narrowly re-
flexed margin is well shown by the specimens from Jamaica and is
important for location of S. Underwoodii in Stereum. The
Brazilian specimen was received from Bresadola under the name
Stereum induratum Berk. — a species known only from a single
collection made by the Challenger Expedition in the East Indies
and described as pileate, conchiform, 3 inches across, and very
hard. S. Underwoodii is soft, not at all hard, and does not turn
the edge of the razor in sectioning. I have not yet been able to
study the type of S. induratum.

Specimens examined:
Jamaica: base of John Crow Peak, L. M. Underwood, 21$2, type,

comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Cinchona, L. M. Underwood,

3128, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.
Brazil: Blumenau, Dr. Mbller, comm. by Bresadola under the

name of Stereum induratum.

[Vol. 13
328 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

THELEPHORA

Thelephora lutosa Schw. See Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 1:
216. 1914.

This rare species has been known only from the type collection
from Salem, North Carolina. There is now an additional gather-
ing by Dr. W. A. Murrill, 404, from Mountain Lake, Virginia,
July 8-14, of which a specimen is in the Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.
The specimen grew in clay ground in mixed woods; a fragment of
buried rotten wood is attached to the short, radicated base.
This specimen does not necessitate any change in the description.
In the dried fructification the soft, fine pubescence of the upper
side, and cream color externally and within are distinctive char-
acters. The older portion of the hymenium has assumed a light
drab color with the spores, which are slightly colored, angular,
4-6 X 4-4^ (i.

TULASNELLA

Tulasnella calospora (Boud.) Juel, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad.
Bihang till Handl. Afd. III. 2312 : 23. 1897 ; Bresadola, Ann. Myc.
1:114. 1903.

Prototremella calospora Boudier, Jour, de Bot. 10: 85. text f.
1-4- 1896. — An Tulasnella rosella Bourdot & Galzin, Soc. Myc.
Fr. Bui. 39:263. 1924?

Fructifications effused, very thin, waxy, whitish in the her-
barium, somewhat perforate, the margin thinning out; in section
100-150 \l thick, with the hyphae about 3 y. in diameter, thin-
walled; spores hyaline, even, fusiform, flexuous, 20-27 X 3-3 }/£ |x,
often with a lateral branch.

Covering as a cluster of small fructifications the terminal
portions of dead mosses on an area 2 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide.

On wood in Europe, on dead mosses in Maine.

T. calospora has fructifications rather more membranaceous
than those of our other species, and longer spores, which are
noteworthy by having frequently a branch stand out at right
angles from the body of the spore. I figured such a branched
spore in Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 6: 258. textf. 3. 1919.

Specimens examined :
Maine: Kittery Point, R. Thaxter (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

57477).

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 329

VELUTICEPS

Veluticeps fusca Humphrey & Long, n. sp.

Type: in Humphrey Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous-corky, resupinate, effuso-reflexed, or
conchiform, laterally confluent, with the reflexed part somewhat
concentrically sulcate, tomentose, at first nearly auburn or
tawny, finally becoming dusky drab and weathering hoary, the
margin clay-colored when young, entire, becoming somewhat
crisped; hymenium plane, avellaneous, velutinous, thickly stud-
ded with protruding fascicles of colored hyphae which have the
appearance of teeth of a Hydnum when little magnified; in sec-
tion 1-3 mm. thick, wood-brown, composed of densely arranged,
suberect and interwoven, rigid, colored hyphae 3-43^ (x in di-
ameter, not incrusted, not nodose-septate; hyphal fascicles 12-
25 [i in diameter, protruding through and beyond the hymenium
up to 90-150 (x and composed of flexuous, parallel, colored hyphae
3 3^-7 v- m diameter; basidia simple, with 4 slender, conspicuous
sterigmata up to 6 y. long; spores white, even, usually unequi-
lateral, 9-10 X 3^-4 {x.

Confluent over areas up to 12 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide, the
reflexed margin 6-12 mm. broad.

On decorticated, decaying logs of Pinus ponderosa. Wash-
ington, Arizona, and New Mexico. October.

It is probable that V, fusca occurs more frequently than its
few, widely separated, recorded stations indicate, for gatherings
are likely to be referred by collectors to Hydnum on account of
the superficial resemblance of the hymenial fascicles to teeth
of Hydnum. The fructifications are large and conspicuous,
somewhat resembling in aspect those of Stereum sulcatum but
quite distinct by the hymenial fascicles.

Specimens examined:
Washington: Spokane, J. R. Weir, 611 (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.,

36749).
Arizona: Fort Valley Experiment Station, near Flagstaff, W. H.

Long, 19688, type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 20084).
New Mexico : Gila National Forest, near Pinos Altos, G. G. Hedg-

cock & W. H. Long, 9851, comm. by C. J. Humphrey, 2572 (in

Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 11200).

{Vol. 13
330 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

AURICULARIACEAE
SEPTOBASIDIUM

Septobasidium mexicanum Sydow, Ann. Myc. 18: 154. 1920;
Sacc. Syll. Fung. 23 : 567. 1925.

"Omnino resupinatum, matrici arete adhaerens, tenuissimum,
centro circiter Y^A mm. crassum, ca. 1-3 cm. longum, 1-2 cm.
latum, ferrugineum, centro dein cinereo-ferrugineum, ad am-
bitum anguste sed distincte albido-cinereo fimbriatum, leve, haud
rimosum; contextus ex hyphis flavo-brunneis crasse tunicatis
3-4 \i crassis sparse ramosis remote septatis compositus; basidia
non visa.

"Hab. ad ramos vivos Cupressi spec, Mexico, 1918, leg. Reiche
no. 46."

S. pedicellatum Patouillard, Jour, de Bot. 6: 61. textf. 1892;
Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 3: 323. 1916.

Type: in Museum of Paris.

Since my account of this species I have studied specimens of
both the Cuban collections distributed by C. Wright under the
name Thelephora pedicellata and find that the collection, C.
Wright y 798 , distributed in Wright, ' Fungi Cubenses Wrightiani '
is in condition to afford the structural details figured by Patouil-
lard and therefore must be the type distribution of his species.

The general description of this species, which could not be
given before, is :

Fructifications resupinate, dry, avellaneous, pulverulent, oc-
curring in small, interrupted patches, each about 2-3 mm. in
diameter; in structure 500-600 y. thick, colored, stratose, com-
posed of 2 strata, each consisting of a hymenial crust supported
on pillars or pedicels about 15 ^ in diameter, with their com-
ponent hyphae about 3 [l in diameter; probasidia borne at the
surface of the hymenial layer.

On living bushes among, and on, mosses and lichens. Cuba.

S. pinicola Snell, Mycologia 14: 58. pi 11-13. 1922; Over-
holts, Mycologia 16: 233. 1924.

Type: in Snell Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Forest Path.
Herb.

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 331

" Fructification resupinate, effused, coriaceous, in general cir-
cular in shape, more or less concentrically sulcate, separable from
substratum, roughly tomentose to strigose, army-brown to
Natal-brown when dry, the margin light drab to cinnamon-drab,
strigose; in structure lacunar, spongy, 1-1.8 mm. thick, individual
hyphae under the microscope clay-color to tawny olive, thick-
walled, even, 3-3.5 \l in diameter, loosely interwoven so as to
form a spongy structure with locules, branching to form a lighter
colored hymenium about 80-110 \l thick; probasidia terminal or
lateral, hyaline, pyriform to subglobose, 10-15 X 15-17 n,
throughout hymenium; spore-bearing organs straight, hyaline,
54-66 X 6-7 [*., 3-septate, growing from probasidia and pro-
jecting above hymenium; spores hyaline, simple, curved, 14-17.5
X 3-3.5 \L, borne singly from each of 3 cells of spore-bearing organ,
acropetally as far as observed.

" Fructification 3-60 mm. but more commonly 10-35 mm. in
diameter, 1-1.8 mm. thick.' '

On bark of living Pinus Strobus in New England, New York,
and Pennsylvania, and probably co-extensive with the habitat
of this host ; afso on Pinus monticola in Idaho. Found sporulating
after prolonged moist and rainy period in August.

S. Spongia (Berk. & Curtis) Patouillard, Soc. Myc. Fr. Bui. 16:
181. 1900; Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 3: 339. textf. 11. 1916.

From several collections of this species made by Dr. J. A. Stev-
enson in Porto Rico and San Domingo, additional characters have
been secured for completion of the description.

Fructifications on leaves and stems of Citrus decumana and C.
sinensis dry, warm sepia to Benzo-brown; probasidia at the
hymenial surface of a few filaments are hyaline, globose, 9 \i in
diameter; spore-bearing organs straight, cylindric-clavate; spores
simple, hyaline, curved, 9-10 X 3-4 n, observed on the outer
cells of the organs.

Sterile fructifications have been received from Dr. A. T. Speare,
collected on Citrus, at Okeechobee, Florida.

[Vol. 13

332 annals of the missouri botanical garden

Exotic Species

S. album Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, adnate, thick, fleshy, white,
somewhat colliculose, pulverulent, contracting in drying and
forming a few large fissures at 2-3 mm. apart, the margin some-
what tomentose; in structure 600-700 [i thick, not colored, com-
posed of densely interwoven and ascending, even- walled, hyaline
hyphae 3-4 (x in diameter, occasionally nodose-septate, not in-
crusted; no probasidia seen; spore-bearing organs straight, 3-
septate, 75 x6|a, confined to the outer 150 (x of the hymenium,
only rarely reaching the surface and protruding; spores simple
hyaline, even, 10-12-15 X 7-9 n, borne singly on the outer 3
cells of the spore-bearing organs so far as observed ; surface of the
hymenium composed of slender, hyaline, matted and coiled para-
physes or hyphal branches 2 [l in diameter.

Fructifications 1-3 cm. long, 1-1}^ cm. wide.

On bark of dead, fallen branches of Nothofagus. New Zealand.
December.

S. album somewhat resembles Corticium portentosum and is ex-
ceptional, if there is no error in the collector's data, by its occur-
rence on dead, fallen branches. The hymenial surface of coiled
paraphyses, absence of probasidia, and hyphae extending from all
parts of the substratum into the fructification without consolida-
tion into supporting pillars are additional characters for recog-
nition of the species.

Specimens examined :
New Zealand : Queenstown, Otago, G. H. Cunningham, 51$, type,

comm. by J. R. Weir (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 59315).

S. cinnamomeum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Farlow Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, dry, hypochnoid, small
pieces separable when moist, Brussels brown, somewhat collic-
ulose, somewhat velutinous, the margin concolorous, with
surface irregular, somewhat raduloid; in section 210 ^ thick,
colored, stratose, consisting of 2 strata, each composed of sub-
erect, loosely interwoven, rigid hyphae 3 \l in diameter, colored

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 333

like the hymenium, not incrusted, not nodose-septate; probasidia
spherical, 6 (j. in diameter; spore-bearing organs numerous,
cylindric, 30 X6(i; spores simple, hyaline, curved, 13 x 3J/£ p..

Fructifications probably large, for the one seen covered an
area IY2 cm. long, 5 cm. wide.

On moss-covered bark of an apparently frondose species.
Chile. December.

Distinguished by bright Brussels brown color, stratose structure
consisting of 2 strata in the type, and absence of supporting
pillars for the hymenial crust. The hyphae arise uniformly into
the fructification from all points in the substratum.

Specimens examined :
Chile: Corral, R. Thaxter, 6, type (in Farlow Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 57896).

S. spiniferum Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Farlow Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications resupinate, effused, adnate, coriaceous, blackish
brown (3) in the herbarium, not shining, surface somewhat
veined and with the veins extended into occasional, cylindric
teeth or spines 2-5 mm. long, 2/5 mm. in diameter, extending
obliquely from the veins and the hymenial surface in the marginal
region, the margin fimbriate; in section 400 \l thick, colored,
composed of loosely interwoven, rigid hyphae 4}^ n in diameter,
concolorous with the fructification; probasidia 9-12 ja in di-
ameter; no spores nor spore-bearing organs seen.

Fructification 9 cm. long, surrounding a living hardwood
branch 12 mm. in diameter.

On living, frondose branches. Chile. November.

The veined hymenium of S. spiniferum locates this species in
the group with S. retiforme. The extension of the veins in the
form of large h'ydnoid teeth is a unique character, if constantly
present in future collections.

Specimens examined:
Chile: San Pedro, Concepcion, R. Thaxter, o, type (in Farlow

Herb., and Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 57895).

[Vol. 13

334 annals of the missouri botanical garden

Tremellaceae

EICHLERIELLA

Eichleriella mexicana Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications coriaceous, separable, effuso-reflexed, with the
reflexed portion narrow, snuff-brown, and concentrically sulcate
on the upper side, fibrillose, the margin entire; hymenium light
vinaceous-cinnamon in the herbarium, pruinose, even; in section
600 \L thick, (1) with the layer at surface of pileus and next to
substratum up to 100 jx thick and having its hyphae Saccardo's
umber, loosely interwoven, thick- walled, 3-4 (i in diameter, and
(2) with a broad intermediate layer composed of densely inter-
woven, hyaline hyphae 4 \l in diameter which passes into (3)
the hymenial layer composed of basidia and slender branched
paraphyses bearing granules; basidia immersed about 30 n
below the surface of the hymenium, longitudinally septate, 16-
21 X 10-11 (jl; spores simple, hyaline, even, 12 X 4-5 \l.

Fructification resupinate over an area 4 cm. long, 1^ cm. wide,
and broken off at both ends; the reflexed portion 2 mm. broad.

On bark of a decaying, frondose limb. Mexico. December.

E. mexicana is related to E. alliciens but is thicker, browner
above, with branched paraphyses bearing granules, and with
larger spores.

Specimens examined :
Mexico: Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 399 > type (in Mo.

Bot. Gard. Herb., 54547, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.).

sebacina

Sebacina (?) Cokeri Burt, n. sp.

Sebacina sp. Coker, Elisha Mitchell Scientif. Soc. Jour. 35:
157. pi 47, 61 ,/. 1-5. 1920.

Type: in Univ. of North Carolina Herb, and Mo. Bot. Gard.
Herb.

"Forming low, crowded and anastomosing, nodulated masses
and pustules looking very like a Myxomycete; patches 9 cm. or
more long and up to 1.5 cm. wide in our collection (probably quite
indefinite as to size and form of area covered) ; height only up to

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 335

1 or 1.5 mm. ; color a pallid creamy yellow or dusky cream ; surface
glabrous, shining unless getting rather dry. Texture succulent
but not gelatinous in the usual sense, but firmly waxy. Fibers
of the flesh slender and regular, about 1.5-2 y. thick, sparingly
branched.

" Spores oval, flattened on one side, yellowish under micro-
scope, very variable in size, 6.3-9 X 7.7-12.2 \l, sprouting into
threads by one or two germ tubes, which may arise at any point.
Basidia oval, 13.7-14.4 X 16.3 n, irregularly four-celled, col-
lapsing soon after formation of spores. Sterigmata much thick-
ened upward, some very long and slender. Paraphyses slender,
densely packed, curved over, and mostly branched a little at the
ends, the branches crooked and rhizoid-like and more slender and
set with very minute crystals. Much larger, roughly globular or
angular crystals with slender, spine-like, hyaline projections also
occur rather abundantly through the hymenium; they are mostly
about 7-9 (A thick.

"This species is markedly distinct from all others we have
seen. The peculiar color, pustulate, anastomosing form and
plump spores and large crystals separate it easily from our other
Sebacinas. The projections on the crystals do not seem to be of
the same nature and after drying reappear very obscurely if at
all. They may be the stubs of hyphae that took part in the
formation of the crystals. So thickly interwoven are the tips of
the paraphyses and so dense the little crystals that there is
formed a distinct and darker crust over the surface."

The thickest portion of the fructification has dried Dresden
brown.

Specimens examined :
North Carolina: Chapel Hill, on under side of old, hard heart of

an oak branch, February, W. C. Coker, 4116, type (in Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 56719).

S. fibrillosa Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, incrusting, adnate, rather thin, fibril-
lose-hypochnoid, drying whitish, somewhat velutinous, surface
irregular and conforming to the elevations and depressions of the

[Vol. 13
336 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

surface upon which growing, the margin somewhat fimbriate; in
section 200-400 (i thick, not colored, composed of densely inter-
woven, hyaline hyphae about 2J^ y. in diameter, with the wall
gelatinously modified, much foreign matter present; cystidia not
incrusted, cylindric, obtuse, 3J^— 7 y. in diameter, protruding up
to 30 \l ; basidia longitudinally septate, pyriform, 15 X 9 \if present
in the surface of the hymenium; spores simple, hyaline, curved,
7-8 X 33^-4 [i, copious.

Fructification 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

Running over wood humus on the forest floor at 7000 feet
altitude. Mexico. December.

S. fibrillosa is a small, whitish, incrusting species running over
the irregular surface of wood humus. Its distinguishing char-
acter is the presence of cystidia, which are conspicuous and as
distinct as in a Peniophora, and locate this species in the subgenus
Heterochaelella of Sebacina.

Specimens examined:
Mexico: Tepeite River region, near Guernavaca, W. A. & E. L.

Murrill, 515, type (in N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb., and Mo. Bot.

Gard. Herb., 54514).

S. lactescens Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb, and Farlow Herb.

Fructifications effused, rather thick when moist, thin when
dry, gelatinous, separable, loosely attached, drying between
drab and wood-brown, even, the margin thinning out; in section
1000 [i thick, not colored, composed of densely arranged, as-
cending and interwoven hyphae with walls so completely modified
gelatinously that only the protoplasmic contents of the lumen
can be followed; gloeocystidia somewhat colored, clavate, 54 X 5-
7}^ \l, abundant in the hymenium; basidia longitudinally cruci-
ately septate, 15 X 12 ^, immersed about 25-35 y. below the
surface of the hymenium; spores hyaline, even, curved, 12 X 6 \l.

Fructifications 2 cm. long, J/£-l cm. wide.

Longitudinally confluent on the under side of a frondose limb.
West Indies.

S. lactescens may be recognized by its wood-brown color when
dry, gelatinous consistency, and numerous and conspicuous,

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 337

slightly colored gloeocystidia. The latter locate this species in
the subgenus Bourdotia of Sebacina.

Specimens examined :
Grenada: Grant Etang, R. Thaxter, comm. by W. G. Farlow, 153,

type (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 55236).

S. plumbescens Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 3: 241. 1916.

S. plumbea Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 2: 765. textf. 6, pi. 27,
f. 20. 1915, but not of Bresadola & Torrend, Broteria 11: 87.
f. 8. 1913.— S. Burti Trotter in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 23 : 573. 1925.

S. murina Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, very thin, pallid mouse-
gray and somewhat pulverulent when dry, even, the margin
similar; in section 30 ^ thick, not colored, composed chiefly of
longitudinally septate basidia starting almost directly from the
substratum, 15 X 8 \l, and of immersed, white, incrusted masses
up to 25 X 7 [l as seen in lactic acid preparations, densely covered
with spiculose granules which clothe a short, cylindric, flexuous,
hyphal axis for each mass; spores simple, hyaline, even, 9x6 [i.

Fructifications 5-6 cm. long, lJ^-2 cm. wide.

On decorticated, weathered, badly decayed wood on mountain
side at altitude 800-1500 feet. Mexico. January.

S. murina is noteworthy by the small, erect, cylindric, incrusted,
white masses between its basidia. These masses are evidently
homologous with the paraphyses of S. calcea but differ from the
latter by being unbranched, as shown when their spiculose, in-
crusting matter is cleared away by potassium hydrate solution;
the central axis of each mass then becomes visible as a cylindric,
flexuous rod somewhat olivaceous in color in preparations stained
with eosin and very similar in appearance then to the organs
termed gloeocystidia by Bourdot & Galzin in the subgenus
Bourdotia of Sebacina.

Specimens examined :
Mexico: Motzorongo, near Cordoba, W. A. & E. L. Murrill, 986,

type, comm. by N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, (in Mo. Bot. Gard.

Herb., 54609).

/

[Vol.13
338 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

S. polyschista Berk. & Curtis, n. sp., in herb, under Corticium.

Type: in Farlow Herb, and probably in Kew Herb.

Fructifications effused, rather thin, loosely attached to the sub-
stratum, separable, fleshy, avellaneous in the herbarium, even,
cracking in drying and showing through the cracks the whitish,
fibrous subiculum, the margin thinning out, whitish, arachnoid;
in section 400-500 y. thick, slightly colored, with the hyphae near
the substratum loosely interwoven, thick- walled, 4J^-6 \l in
diameter, not nodose-septate, not incrusted, and with the
hymenial layer 200 \i thick, composed of densely interwoven
hyphae 3 [l in diameter; no cystidia; basidia cylindric, apparently
longitudinally septate, at the surface of the hymenium; spores
hyaline, even, curved, 10 X 4}/£ ji.

On under side of limb of dead Pyrus Mains. South Carolina.
July.

This species should be recognized by the avellaneous color of
its fructifications which shrink greatly and crack in drying. It is
related to S. adusta.

Specimens examined:
South Carolina: Society Hill, M. A. Curtis, 4950, type (in Farlow

Herb.).

S. Sheari Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 2: 758. textf. 2. 1915.

This species was transferred to the genus Heterochaete, in Mo.
Bot. Gard. Ann. 8: 377. 1921, under the name Heterochaete
Sheari Burt.

Exotic Species

S. africana Burt, n. sp.

Type: in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb.

Fructifications effused, closely adnate, thin, fleshy-gelatinous,
drying cartridge-buff, contracting in drying and cracking, even,
not shining, the margin not present; in section 240 [l thick, not
colored, composed of suberect, densely arranged hyphae with
walls gelatinously modified, somewhat granule-incrusted ; gloeo-
cystidia not colored, flexuous, 75 X 4-6 (x, confined to the hy-
menial region between the basidia; basidia pyriform, at the sur-
face of the hymenium; spores simple, hyaline, curved, 6-73^ X3 y..

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 339

Fructifications probably large, for specimen received is 9 cm.
long, about 1 cm. wide, and broken off on all sides.

On decorticated, rotten, frondose log. South Africa. January.

S. africana resembles in aspect Corticium ochraceum but is a
Sebacina in structure. It is further distinguished by its buff
color, sparingly granule-incrusted, gelatinous-walled hyphae,
small spores, and colorless, flexuous gloeocystidia which are in all
respects like those present in some species of Corticium and
Peniophora. The gloeocystidia locate S. africana in the sub-
genus Bourdotia of Sebacina.

Specimens examined:
South Africa: Knyna, Cape Colony, P. A. van der Bijl, 1342, type

(in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 63405).

TREMELLODENDRON

Tremellodendron simplex Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 2: 742.
pi 26, f. 5. 1915.

Another collection of this species, affording a more accurate
description, consists of 2 infundibuliform fructifications with
black, rugose, compressed stems; the piiei are olive-buff, even,
glabrous; hymenium inferior, testaceous, with the margin olive-
ocher.

Fructifications 3 cm. high; stem 2 cm. long, V/i nun. in di-
ameter; pileus 1 cm. in diameter, about 1 cm. long.

This gathering was made at El Yunque, Cuba, in March, 1903,
by Underwood & Earle, 1087 A, and is now in N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Herb.

T. tenax (Schw.) Burt, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 7: 67. pi 11, f.
105, 106. 1922.

Clavaria tenax Schweinitz, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. N. S. 4: 182.
1832. — Merisma tenax (Schw.) Leveilte, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III.
5: 157. 1846.— Pterula tenax (Schw.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 742.
1888. — Tremellodendron Hibbardi Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 6. Myc.
Notes 65: 1049. pi 179, f. 1947. 1921.

Type: in Schweinitz Herb, and a fragment in Farlow Herb.

Fructifications fascicled, with substance very tough, at length
somewhat horn-like, soon ramose-divided from the base; branches

340

[Vol. 13

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

compressed, dilated at the apex into almost a membrane; branch-
lets minute, irregularly extended and then fimbriate. Color
alutaceous red. Does not exceed an inch in height.

The specimen in Schweinitz Herb, is compressed, not fleshy
when moistened, and has the hymenium fuscous; basidia longi-
tudinally septate; spores hyaline, even, flattened on one side,
9 X 5J^ ii. T. tenax has somewhat the aspect of some forms of
T. pallidum but is readily separable from the latter by the very
dark hymenium of T. tenax.

Specimens examined :
Massachusetts: West Roxbury, Miss A. Hibbard, under the name

T. Hibbardi (in Mo. Bot. Gard. Herb., 58736).
Pennsylvania: Bethlehem, Schweinitz, type (in Herb. Schweinitz

and Farlow Herb.).

Index to Genera

New scientific names and combinations are printed in bold face type; synonyms
in italics; and previously published names, in ordinary type.

THELEPHORACEAE

Aleurodiscus 6: 177; IS

Asterostroma 11

Cladoderris 11

Coniophora 4: 237; 13

Corticium 13

Craterellus 1: 327; 357; 13

Cymatella 11

Cyphella 1: 358; 13

Cytidia 11

Epithele 6

Exobasidium 2

Hymenochaete 5

Hypochnus 3: 203; 13

Hypolyesus 11

Mycobonia 6

Peniophora 12: 213; 13

304
28

1
310
173
312

6
315

9
264
627
301
319

4
261
324

Skepperia 11 : 8

Solenia 11: 13

Stereum 7: 81; 13: 325

Thelephora 1: 185; 13: 328

Tulasnella 6: 253; 13: 328

Veluticeps 6: 259; 13: 329

CLAVARIACEAE
Lachnocladium 6: 266

AURICULARIACEAE

Septobasidium 3: 319; 13: 330

TREMELLACEAE

Eichleriella 2: 731 ; 13: 334

Sebacina 2: 731; 13: 334

Tremellodendron 2: 733; 13: 339

Index to Species

abeuns (Corticium) 13: 250

abietina (Hymenochaete) 7: 186

abietinum (Stereum) 7: 186

dbietis (Corticium) 2 : 760

abnormis (Hymenochaete) 7: 186

acerinum (Corticium) 6: 196

acerinum (Stereum) 6: 196

acerinum x. nivosum (Stereum) 5:193

acerinus (Aleurodiscus) 6: 196

aculeata (Thelephora) . .7: 232; 13: 325

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. 341

aculeatum (Stereum) 13

adhaesum (Corticiura) 13

admirabilis (Peniophora) .... 12

adusta (Sebacina) 2

Aegerita (Peniophora) 12

Aegerita (Sclerotium) 12

aemvlans (Peniophora) 12

affinis (Peniophora) 12

affinis (Thelephora) 7

africana (Sebacina) 13

agglutinans (Hymenochaete). . . 5

alba (Peniophora) 12

albido-brunnea (Thelephora). . . 1
albido-carnea (Thelephora) .... 13
albido-carneum (Asterostroma) . 11
albido-carneum (Corticium) ... 13

albobadia (Thelephora) 7

albobadium (Stereum) 7

albofarcta (Peniophora) 12

alboflavescens (Coniophora) .... 4

alboflavescens (Corticium) 4

albo-marginata (Peniophora) ... 7
albo-marginata (Thelephora) ... 7
albo-straminea (Peniophora). . . 12

alboviolascens (Cyphella) 13

alboviolascens (Peziza) 13

albugo (Peniophora) 12

albula (Peniophora) 12

album (Septobasidium) 13

albus (Hypochnus) 13

albus (Microstroma) 11

Allescheri (Gloeopeniophora). . . 12

Allescheri (Kneiffia) 12

Allescheri (Peniophora) 12

alliciens (Eichleriella) 2

alliciens (Stereum) 2

Aluta (Corticium) 13

alutaceum (Corticium) 13

alutaceum (Gloeocystidium).. . . 13

alutaria (Peniophora) 12

alutarium (Corticium) 13

alutarius (Xerocarpus) 13

ambiens (Hymenochaete) 6

ambigua ( Hymenochaete) 7

ambiguum (Stereum) 7

ambiguus (Trichocarpus) 7

ambiguus (Xerocarpus) 7

americanorum (Microstroma). . 11

amoena (Peniophora) 12

amorpha (Cyphella) 6

325 amorphum (Corticium) 5

279 amorphus (Aleurodiscus) 5

304 ampla (Auriculariopsis) 11

764 ampla (Cyphella) 11

226 analogum (Corticium) 13

226 analogum (Gloeocystidium) .... 13

308 anastomosans (Stereum) 7

2SS6 anastomosans (Thelephora) .... 7

96 Andromedae (Exobasidium) ... 2

338 angustata (Thelephora) 1

344 anomala (Hymenochaete) .... 6

297 anomala (Peziza) 11

214 anomala (Solenia) 11

277 anomala v. orbicularis (Solenia) . 1

29 anomaloides (Solenia) 11

277 anthocephala (Thelephora) .... 1

216 anthochroa (Thelephora) 7

216 anthracophilum (Corticium) ... 13

228 apiculatum (Corticium) 13

248 apiculatus (Aleurodiscus) .... 5

247 arachnoidea (Cyphella) 1

216 arachnoidea (Peniophora) ... 12

216 arachnoidea (Thelephora) 3 : 213 ; 13

305 arachnoideum (Corticium) .... 13

315 arcticum (Stereum) 7

315 Arctostaphyli (Exobasidium) . . 2

231 arenicolum (Stereum) 7

231 areolatum (Corticium) 13

332 areolatum (Stereum) 7

319 argentatum (Corticium) 13

27 argentea (Peniophora) 12

301 argillaceus (Hypochnus) 3

301 arida (Coniophora) 4

301 arida (Hymenochaete) 6

746 arida (Hymenochaetella) 6

746 aridum (Corticium) 4

187 armeniacum (Corticium) 13

263 artocreas (Michenera) 13

263 aschistum (Corticium) 7

332 aspera (Hymenochaete) 5

283 asperata (Hymenochaete) 6

283 asperipilata (Peniophora) .... 12

344 Atkinsonii (Corticium) 13

200 Atkinsonii (Lachnocladium) ... 6

190 Atkinsonii (Peniophora) 7

200 atrata (Sebacina) 2

200 atratum (Septobasidium) 3

27 atrocinerea (Coniophora) 4

276 atrocinerea (Coniophorella) .... 4

180 atroruber (Hypochnus) 3

1st)

1-1)

10
9

J 17
217

LIS
LIS

205

358

19

19

19

22')
219
238
186
363
220

184
165

649
232

202
256
346
222
244
340
340
244
216
215
203
311
851
230
208
277
200

334
2t*J
260
230

342

[Vol. 13

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

atroruber (Zygodesmus)

atrorubrum (Stereum)

atrovirens (Corticium)

atrovirens (Thelephora)

attenuata (Hymenochaete) . . .
Auberianum (Corticium)
aurantiaca (Gloeopeniophora) .

aurantiaca (Peniophora)

aurantiaca (Podoscypha)

aurantiaca (Thelephora)

aurantiaca (Tomentella)

aurantiacum (Corticium)

aurantiacum (Stereum)

aurantiacus (Hypochnus) ....
aurantfum (Tremellodendron)

australe (Stereum)

avellanea (Coniophora)

aveilanum (Stereum)

avellaneus (Hypochnus) ....
Azaleae (Exobasidium)

3

230

13

325

13:

300

13

300

5

:317

13

: 198

12

:311

12

310

7

96

7

: 95

3

:241

12

:311

7

: 95

3

:241

2

:742

7

: 141

4

:251

5

:325

3

:225

2

:649

badia (Thelephora) 5

badio-ferruginea (Hymeno-
chaete) 5

badio-ferrugineum (Stereum) ... 5

balsameum (Stereum) 7

bahamicola (Nodularia) 6

Bambusae (Corticium) 13

Bananae (Cyphella) 1

basale (Corticium) 2

Berkeleyana (Hymenochaete) . 5

Berkeleyanum (Stereum) 5

Berkeleyi (Corticium) 13

Berkeleyi (Peniophora) 7

Berkeleyi (Veluticeps) 6

Bertolonii (Stereum) 7

bicolor (Asterostroma) 11

bicolor (Clavaria) 9: 67; 6

bicolor (Corticium) 13

bicolor (Hypochnus) 3

bicolor (Lachnocladium) . .9: 65; 6

bicolor (Stereum) 7

bicolor (Thelephora) 7

bicolor (Zygodesmus) 3

biennis (Thelephora) . 1: 215, 216; 5

bizonatum (Stereum) 7

bombycina (Thelephora) 13

bombycinum (Corticium) 13

borealis (Craterellus) 1

borealis (Hymenochaete) 5

323

330
330
145
180
218
379
757
313
313
183
203
260
169
32
274
291
229
274
117
117
227
213
216
190
190
357
317

borealis (Peniophora) 12

botryoides (Hypochnus) 3

botryoides (Thelephora) 3

botryosum (Corticium) 13

botryosus (Aleurodiscus) 5

brasiliense (Lachnocladium) ... 6

Bresadolae (Corticium) 13

brevipes (Craterellus) 1

Brinkmanni (Corticium) 13

brunneola (Coniophora) 4

brunneoleuca (Mycobonia) .... 6

brunneoleucum (Hydnum) 6

brunneolum (Corticium) 4

Burkei (Peniophora) 12

Burti (Sebacina) 13

Burtianum (Stereum) 7

Burtii (Peniophora) 12

byssoidea (Coniophora) 4

byssoidea (Coniophorella) 4

byssoidea (Peniophora) 4

byssoideum (Corticium) 4

Cacao (Hymenochaete) 5

Cacao (Stereum) 5

Cacao (Xerocarpus) 12

caerulea (Thelephora) 13

caerulescem (Lyomyces) 13

caeruleum (Corticium) 13

caesia (Peniophora) 12

caesium (Corticium) 12

caespitosum (Stereum) 7

caespitulans (Thelephora) 1

calcea (Sebacina) 2

calcea (Thelephora) 2

calcea v. argillacea (Thelephora) 13

calcea v. glebulosa (Thelephora). 13

calceum (Corticium) 13

calospora (Prototremella) 13

calospora (Tulasnella) 13

calotrichum (Corticium) 12

calyculus (Craterellus) 1

calyculus (Stereum) 1

campanula (Peziza) 1

cana (Peniophora) 12

canadense (Corticium) 13

canadensis (Hypochnus) 3

canadensis (Peniophora) 12

Candida (Aegerita) 12

Candida (Cyphella) 1

Candida (Merisma) 2

295
226
226
295
198
268
179
329
253
257
263
263
257
282
337
93
278
263
263
263
263

310
310

239
301
300
301
353
353
116
204
759
759
241
203
203
328
328
254
338
338
360
227
290
211
260
226
377
737

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 343

Candida (Peniophora)

Candida (Solenia)

Candida (Thelephora) . . .2: 737;
candidissima (Thelephora) ....

candidum (Stereum)

candidum (Tremellodendron) . .

candidus (Aleurodiscus)

Candolleana (Cladoderris)

canescens (Septobasidium) ....

Cantharella (Thelephora)

Cantharellus (Craterellus) ....

canuxn (Corticium)

caperata (Thelephora)

caperatum (Stereum)

capnoides (Coniophora)

capula (Cyphella)

capula (Peziza)

caricina (Cyphella)

carnea (Peniophora)

carneum (Corticium)

carnosa (Peniophora)

carolinense (Stereum)

cartilagineum (Lachnocladium)
caryophyllea (Thelephora) ....
Cassandrae (Exobasidium) ....

Cassiopes (Exobasidium)

castaneum (Septobasidium) . .

centrifuga (Rhizoctonia)

centrifugum (Corticium)

centrifugus (Hypochnus)

ceraceum (Corticium)

cerebella (Coniophora)

cerebella (Thelephora)

cerrusatus (Aleurodiscus)

cerrusatum (Corticium)

cervicolor (Asterostroma)

cervicolor (Corticium)

cervina (Clavaria)

cervina (Hymenochaete)

cervinum (Lachnocladium) ....

cervinus (Hypochnus)

Chailletii (Stereum)

chalybaeus (Hypochnus)

chlorascens (Sebacina)

chlorinum (Corticium)

chrysocreas (Corticium)

cinerascens (Hymenochaete) . . .

cinerascens (Hypochnus)

cinerascens (Peniophora)

cinerascens (Stereum)

12

:226

11

: 14

5:

188

5

: 188

5

: 188

2

:737

6

: 188

11

: 2

3

:342

1

:330

1

:330

13

:206

7

: 87

7

: 87

4

:267

1

:366

1

:366

1

:366

12

:354

12

:354

12

:325

7

:236

6

:269

1

:209

2

649

2

649

3

330

13.

206

13

206

13.

206

13.

216

4:

240

4:

240

13:

304

13:

304

11:

28

11:

28

6:

273

5:

363

6:

273

3:

232

7:

200

13:

300

2:

756

4:

265

13:

270

7:

203

3:

233

7:

203

7:

203

cinerascens (Thelephora) 7

cinerascens (Tomentella) 3

cinerea (Peniophora) 12

cinerea (Solenia) H

cinereo-fusca (Cyphella) 1

cinereo-fusca (Lachnella) 1

cinereo-fusca (Peziza) 1

cinereum (Corticium) 12

cinnamomea (Hymenochaete) . 5
cinnamomea (Septobasidium) 2
cinnamomeum (Corticium) .... 5
cinnamomeum (Septobasidi-
um) 13

cirratum (Septobasidium) 3

citrinella (Peniophora) 12

citrinellum (Corticium) 12

Cladonia (Merisma) 2

Cladonia (Thelephora) 2

Cladonia (Tremellodendron) ... 2

clavatus (Cantharellus) 1

clavatus (Craterellus) 1

clavatus (Nevrophyllum) 1

coccineo-fulva (Peniophora) ... 12

coccineo-fulva (Phlebia) 12

Coffearum (Stereum) 7

coffeatum (Stereum) 7

Cokeri (Sebacina) 13

colliculosum (Corticium) 13

colorea (Peniophora) 12

complicatum (Stereum) 7

concolor (Stereum) 7

conferta (Solenia) 11

confine (Corticium) 13

confluens (Corticium) 13

confluens (Craterellus) 1

confluens v. subcalceum (Cortic-
ium) 13

confusa (Solenia) 11

conglobata (Cyphella) 1

conicum (Stereum) 7

convoluta (Cyphella) 1

convolvens (Peniophora) 12

Cookei (Coniophora) 4

corbiformis (Thelephora) 1

coriaria (Grandinia) 3

coriarius (Hypochnus) 3

cornucopioides (Cantharellus) . . 1

cornucopioides (Craterellus) ... 1

cornucopioides (Thelephora) ... 1

corrugata (Hymenochaete) .... 5

348
22
377
377
377
348
345
763
345

833

334
327
327
738

738

329

329

253
216
117
334
233

169
163
17
246
220
331

220
19
373
179
380
355
244
211
228
228
333
333
212
358

344

[Vol. 13

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

corrugata (Thelephora) 7: 181

corrugatum (Corticium) 5 : 358

corrugis (Coniophora) 13: 223, 310

corrugis (Craterellus) 1 : 340

corticola (Asterostroma) 11: 28

corticolor (Hymenochaete) .... 5 : 339

craspedia (Thelephora) 7:113

craspedium (Stereum) 7:113

crassa (Cladoderris) 11: 2

crassa (Hymenochaete) . .5: 367; 7: 192

crassa (Peniophora) 12: 286

crassa (Thelephora) 7: 192

crassum (Actinostroma) 11: 2

crassum (Stereum) 7: 180

crateriformis (Hymenochaete) . . 7: 89

cremea (Kneiffia) 12: 261

cremea (Peniophora) 12: 261

cremeus (Aleurodiscus) ...... 5 : 199

cremoricolor (Corticium) 13: 218

cristata (Thelephora) 2 : 752

cristatum (Stereum) 7: 103

cristulatum (Stereum) 7: 136

crocea (Coniophora) 4: 262

croceum (Corticium) 13: 178

croceum (Sporotrichum) 13: 178

crocicreas (Corticium) . .12: 322; 13: 270

crustaceum (Corticium) 13 : 196

crustaceum (Stereum) 13 : 196

crustulinum (Corticium). ... 13: 209

cubensis (Hymenochaete) 6 : 337

cultum (Corticium) 13: 231

cuneatum (Stereum) 7: 233

Cupressi (Cyphella) 1: 380

cupulaef ormis (Cyphella) 1 : 369

cupulatum (Stereum) 7: 179, 233

Curreyi (Cyphella) 13: 315

Curtisii (Hymenochaete) 6: 320

Curtisii (Stereum) 5 : 320

cuticularis (Thelephora) 1: 216

cyphelloides (Stereum) 7: 112

Daedalea (Peziza) 11: 23;

damaecornis (Hymenochaete) .

damicome (Stereum)

dealbata (Clavaria)

dealbatum (Lachnocladium) . . .

debile (Corticium)

decipiens (Corticium)

decolorans (Exobasidium)

decolorans (Podoecypha)

13

:319

5

■306

5

306

9.

72

9

72

13

273

13,

206

2

656

7:

107

decolorans (Stereum) 7

decolorans (Thelephora) 7

decoi ticans (Peniophora) .... 12

decretus (Necator) 13

deglubens (Corticium) 2

deglubens (Eichleriella) 2

deglubens (Radulum) 2

deglubens (Sebacina) 2

delitescens (Craterellus) 1

dendritica (Cladoderris) 11

dendriticum (Corticium) 13

dentosa (Thelephora) 1

diaphana (Thelephora) 7

diaphanum (Stereum) 7

digitata (Hymenochaete) .... 5

dilatus (Craterellus) 1

diminuens (Corticium) 13

disciforms (Stereum) 13

disciform is (Aleurodiscus) 13

disciformis (Peniophora) 13

disciformis v. borealis (Penio-
phora) 12

discoideum (Exobasidium) 2

dissecta (Thelephora) 7

dissita (Peniophora) 7

dissitum (Stereum) 7

dryina (Coniophora) 4

dryinum (Corticium) 4

dryophila (Collybia) 2

dubius (Craterellus) 1

duplex (Peniophora) 12

dura (Hymenochaete) 6

duriusculum (Stereum) 7

durum (Stereum) 7

Dussii (Epithele) 6

Dussii (Hypochnus) 6

Dussii (Peniophora) 6

Earlei (Stereum) 7

echinosporus (Hypochnus) .... 3

echinosporum (Corticium) 3

effuscatum (Corticium) 13

Eichleriana (Tulasnella) 6

Eichlerianum (Corticium) 12

elaeodes (Hypochnus) 3

elegans (Stereum) 7

elegans (Thelephora) 7

elegantissima (Hymenochaete) . 6

elegantissimum (Stereum) 5

Ellisii (Coniophora) 4

107
107
344
227
755
747
747
755
339
2
303
224
98
97
347
343
187
305
305
305

295
649
113
203
203
253
253
656
335
298
352
236
226
265
265
265

199
237
237
248
255
261
218
105
105
314
314
257

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 345

Ellisii (Corticium) 4

Ellisii (Hymenochaete) 4

Ellisii (Peniophora) 7

endophila (Cyphella) 11

endophila (Solenia) 11

ephebia (Peniophora) 7

ephebium (Corticium) 7

epichlora (Hymenochaete) .... 5

epichlorum (Corticium) 5

epigaeum (Corticium) 13

epigaens (Hypochnus) 3

epiphylla (Asterostromella) .... 12

epiphyllum (Hydnum) 13

epiphyllus (Hypochnus) 13

episphaeria (Hymenochaete) . . 5

episphaeria (Thelephora) 5

erectum (Lachnocladium) .... 6

ermineum (Corticium) 13

erumpens (Stereum) 7

evolvens (Corticium) 13

exigua (Peniophora) 12

exigua (Thelephora) 7

exiguum (Stereum) 7

exilis (Peniophora) 12

farinellus (Xerocarpus) 2

farinosa (Kneiffia) 12

Farlowii (Aleurodiscus) 5

Farlowii (Peniophora) 12

f asciatum (Stereum) 7

fasciculata (Cyphella) .. 1 : 373; 13

fasciculata (Solenia) 11

fasciculatus (Cantharellus) .... 1

ferax (Corticium) 13

ferreum (Stereum) 7

ferruginea (Hymenochaete) .... 5

ferruginea (Tomentella) 3

ferrugineum (Corticium) 3

ferrugineum (Stereum) 5

ferrugineus (Hypochnus) 3

ferruginosa (Tomentellina) .... 3

ferruginosus (Hypochnus) 3

ferruginosus (Hypochnus) 3

nbrillosa (Sebacina) 13

fibrillosus (Hypochnus) 3

filamentosa (Peniophora) 12

filamentosum (Corticium) 12

filamentosus (Hypochnus) ... 13

filicina (Solenia) 11

filicola (Cyphella) 1

257
257
222
25
25
204
204
351
351
252
226
241
320
320
362
362
276
182
209
280
224
99
99
239

760
226
182
343
155
315

15
373
304
202
332
208
208
332
207
212
208
212
335
238
320
320
320

18
379

fimbriate (Hymenochaete) .... 7: 186

fimbriata (Thelephora) 1 : 222

fimbriatum (Stereum) 7 ■ .

firma (Peniophora) 12: 276

fissum (Stereum) 7:111

flabellata (Podoscypha) 7:111

flabellatum (Stereum) 7:111

flammea (Peniophora) 12: 252

flava (Bonia) 6: 262

flava (Coniophora) 4: 261

flava (Mycobonia) 6 : 262

flava (Peziza) 6: 262

flavido-alba (Peniophora) 12: 248

flavomarginata (Coniophora) 13:311

flavum (Grandiniodes) 6: 262, 364

flavum (Hydnum) 6: 262

flocculenta (Cytidia) 11 : 9

floccidentum (Corticium) 11 : 9

floridana (Cladoderris) 11: I

foetidus (Hypolyssus) 11 : 5

foetidum (Merisma) 1: 201

formosa (Hymenochaete). .6: 307, 308

fragile (Stereum) 7: 233

fragrans (Clavaria) 6 : 270

frustulosa (Hymenochaete) .... 3 : 337
frustulosum (Septobasidium) . . 3: 337

frustulosum (Stereum) 7 : 227

fuligineus (Hypochnus) 3: 232

fuliginosa (Hymenochaete) . 6 : 342, 365

fvliginosum (Stereum) 5

fvlva (Cyphella) 1

fulva (Hymenochaete) 6

fulvella (Hymenochaete) 5

fulvo-cinctus (Hypochnus) 3

fulvo-nitens (Stereum) 7

fulvo-olivacea (Coniophora) .... 4

fumigatum (Corticium) 12

fumigatum (Septobasidium) . 3

fumosa (Cyphella) 1

fumosum (Corticium) 3

fumosus (Hypochnus) .. 3 : 239; 13

furcata (Cyphella) 1

furcellata (Clavaria) 6

furcellatum (Lachnocladium) . . 6

furfuraceum (Corticium) 13

fusca (Hymenochaete) 6

fusca (Hymenochaetella) 5

fusca (Odontia) 3

fusca (Peniophora) 12

fusca (Tomentella) 3

365
373
354
318
228
91
258
348
240
376
239
321
373
274
271

244

215

346

[Vol. 13

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

fusca (Thelephora)

fusca (Veluticeps)

fuscata (Hypochnopsis)

fuscatus (Hypochnus)

fuscomarginata (Peniophora)
fuscostratum (Corticium) . . .
fusco-violacea (Tulasnella) ....

fuscum (Corticium)

fuscum (Stereum)

f uscus (Hypochnus)

f usispora (Coniophora)

fusisporum (Corticium)

galactina (Thelephora)

galactinum (Corticium)

galeata (Cyphella) 1: 362;

galeatus (Cantharellus)

Galeottii (Stereum)

galochroa (Peniophora)

gausapata (Thelephora)

gausapatum (Stereum)

gelatinosa (Eichleriella)

gigantea (Peniophora)

giganteum (Corticium)

gigaspora (Peniophora)

gilvidula (Peniophora)

gilvidum (Corticium)

glabrescens (Stereum)

glabrum (Corticium)

glaucescens (Stereum)

glebulosa (Peniophora)

globifera (Peniophora)

globosum (Corticium)

gracile (Asterostroma)

gracilis (Solenia) 11 :

gracilis (Thelephora)

grammicum (Corticium)

granosa (Thelephora)

granosus (Hypochnus)

granulare (Corticium)

granulatum (Corticium) ....
granulosus (Hypochnus). 3: 218;

granulosus (Zygodesmus)

griseo-pallida (Cyphella)

griseo-zonata (Thelephora) ....

griseum (Stereum)

guadelupense (Lachnocladium).

guadelupense (Merisma)

guadelupense (Stereum)

guadelupensis (Pterula)

7

: 117

13

:329

3

:213

3

:213

12

:235

13

:299

6

:258

3

:215

7

:117

3

:215

4

:243

4

:243

13

: 199

13

: 199

13:

316

1

:362

7

'234

12

222

7

' 136

7

136

2

748

12.

216

12:

216

12.

356

12:

245

13:

215

7:

110

12:

274

7:

186

12,

282

12.

219

13

266

11

34

U

, 26

2

738

13

187

3

227

3

227

13

182

13

236

13

:320

3

218

1.

367

1

221

7

234

6

:277

6

277

7:

236

6:

277

guttulif era (Peniophora) 12 : 247

guttuliferum (Gloeocystidium) . 12:247

Harperi (Coniophora) 4

Hartmanni (Stereum) 7

Hartmanni (Thelephora) 7

Haydeni (Stereum) 7

HelveUoides (Corticium) 2

Helvelloides (Sebacina) 2

HelveUoides (Thelephora) 2

helveolus (Aleurodiscus) 13

hepaticum (Corticium) 13

heterocystidia (Peniophora) . 12
heterosporum (Stereum) .... 7
Hihbardi (Tremellodedron)

7: 67; 13
hirsuta v. ramealis (Thelephora) 7

hirsutum (Stereum) 7

hiulca (Peniophora) 12

Huberianum (Stereum) 7

humifaciens (Peniophora) ... 12
Humphreyi (Craterellus) .... 1

hydnans (Corticium) 13

hydnans (Radulum) 13

hydrophorum (Stereum) 7

hypnophilum (Corticium) 13

252
112
113
236
757
756
757
306
243
293
220

340
169
150
272
111
225
344
233
233
89
223

illaqueatum (Corticium) 13: 236

imbricata (Hymenochaete) .... 6: 325

imbricatula (Hymenochaete) . . 5 : 325

imbricatula (Thelephora) 6: 325

incanuxn (Corticium) 13: 205

incarnata (Peniophora) 12 : 307

incarnaia (Gloeopeniophora) . . 12: 308

incarnata (Kneiffia) 12 : 308

incarnata (Tulasnella) 6 : 256

incarnatum (Corticium) 12 : 308

incarnatum v. pinicola (Corti-
cium) 6:256

inconspicua (Peniophora) 12: 221

inconspicuum (Corticium) 12: 221

incrustans (Corticium) . . ? 2: 752

incrustans (Sebacina) 2 : 752

incrustans (Thelephora) 2: 752

Indigo (Thelephora) 13: 301

inflata (Coniophora) 4: 247

inflata (Peniophora) 12: 267

infundibuliformis (Cladoderris) 11: 3

ingainicola (Microstroma) .... 11:^27

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 347

insigne (Stereum) 7

insinuans (Coniophora) 4

insinuan8 (Stereum) 4

insinuans (Thelephora) 4

insolitum (Stereum) 7

insvlaris (Hymenochaete) 5

intermedia (Peniophora) 7

intybacea (Thelephora) 1

investiens (Asterostromella) ... 13

investiens (Corticium) 13

investiens (Peniophora) 12

investiens (Radulum?) 13

investiens (Vararia) 13

involucrum (Corticium) 13

irregularis (Peniophora) 12

isabellina (Peniophora) 12

isabellinum (Corticium) 3

isabellinus (Hypochnus) 3

225

268

268

267

237

358

192

217

283

283

307

283

283

271,

228

253

222

222

jamaicense (Corticium) 13: 273

jamaicaense (Septobasidium) 3: 333

javanicum (Corticium) 13 : 227

Juglandis (Microstroma) 11 : 27

Juniperi (Xerocarpus) 12 : 338

Kalchbrenneri (Hymenochaete) 7: 192

Kalmiae (Coniophora) 4: 246

Kalmiae (Corticium) 4: 246

Karstenii (Exobasidium) 2 : 649

Karstenii (Peniophora) ... .12: 254, 286

Karstenii (Stereum) 12: 286

Kaufimanii (Peniophora) .... 12: 296

Kmetii (Eichleriella) 2: 747

Kmetii (Radulum) 2 : 747

koleroga (Corticium) 13: 292

koleroga (Pellicularia) 13 : 292

Kunzei (Hymenochaete) 6 : 323

Kunzei (Thelephora) 6 : 323

laciniata (Thelephora) 1: 219, 220

lactea (Thelephora) . . 13: 212

lactescens (Corticium) 13 : 253

lactescens (Gloeocystidium) .... 13 : 253

lactescens (Sebacina) 13: 336

lactescens (Thelephora) 13 : 253

lacteum (Corticium) 13: 212

laeta (Cyphella) 1: 361

taeta (Hymenochaete) 6 : 323

laeticolor (Coniophora) 4: 261

laeticolor (Corticium) 4: 261

laeticolor (Xerocarpus) 4

laetum (Corticium) 13

laetum (Hyphoderma) 13

laetum (Stereum) 5

laeve (Corticium) 13

laeve (Corticium) 12

laevigata (Hymenochaete) 6

laevigata (Peniophora) 12

laevigatum (Corticium) 12

laevis (Cantharellus) 1

laevis (Peniophora) 12

laminata (Peniophora) 12

Langloisii (Cyphella) 1

Langloisii (Septobasidium) .... 3

lateritius (Craterellus) 1

laxa (Hymenochaete) 5

laxa (Hymenochaetella) 6

laxa (Peniophora) 12

leonina (Hymenochaete) 6

lepida (Peniophora) 12

Leprieurii (Septobasidium) .... 3

leprosa (Peniophora) 12

leptaleum (Corticium) 13

leucosporum (Microstroma) ... 11

leucothrix (Coniophora) 4

leucothrix (Corticium) 4

Leveilliana (Eichleriella) 2

LeveiUianum (Corticium) 2

Leveiilianum (Stereum) 2

lilacina (Peniophora) 12

lilacina (Thelephora) 12

lUacino-fuscum (Corticium) ... 7

lilacino-fuscum (Stereum) 7

lilacinum (Septobasidium) ... 3

limonia (Peniophora) 12

Litschaueri (Corticium) 13

livida (Peniophora) 12

livida (Phlebia) 13

livida (Thelephora) 13

livido-caeruleum (Corticium) . . 13
livido-caeruleum (Gloeocystid-
ium) 13 :

lividum (Corticium) 13:

lobata (Telephora) 7 :

lobata (Thelephora) 7:

lobatum (Stereum) 7:

longispora (Kneiffia) 12:

longispora (Peniophora) 12:

longisporus (Hypochnus) 12 :

ludoviciana (Peniophora) .... 12 :

262
223
223
323

no

257
348

257
246
368
335
330
340
840
224
353
3M

294

279
27
257
369
744
744
745

348

229
229
343

27.",

239
243

243
M0

261
243

162

229

-Ml

348

[Vol. 13

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

luridum (Corticium)

luridum (Gloeocystidium) . . .
luteo-badia (Hymenochaete)

luteo-badium (Stereum)

lutescens (Cantharellus)

lutescens (Craterellus)

lutescens (Merulius)

lutosa (Thelephora) 1: 216

Macounii (Corticium) ....
macrodens (Aleurodiscus) . .
macrorrhiza (Thelephora) ...7:

macrorrhizum (Stereum)

macrospora (Sebacina)

macrosporum (Corticium)

magnahypha (Peniophora) . .
magnispora (Thelephora) ....
magnisporum (Stereum) ....

Mancianurn (Stereum)

Mancianus (Aleurodiscus) ....

marasmoides (Craterellus)

marasmoides (Cymatella)

marginata (Cyphella)

martiana (Peniophora)

martianum (Corticium)

medioburiensis (Peniophora)

mellea (Cyphella)

merismatoides (Lachnocladium)

merismatoides (Clavaria)

merismatoides (Pterula)

merismatoides (Tremelloden-

dron)

mexicana (Peniophora)

mexicana (Eichleriella)

mezicanum (Corticium)

mexicanum (Septobasidium) . .
Micheneri (Lachnocladium) . . .
Micheneri (Stereum) . 1 : 214 ; 7 :

miniata (Peniophora)

miniata (Thelephora)

minima (Cymatella)

minutissima (Cyphella)

molle (Corticium)

moUe (Stereum)

Molleriana (Peniophora)

Mollerianum (Corticium)

mollis (Thelephora)

Montagnei (Hypolyssus)

montana (Peniophora)

monticola (Sebacina)

13

:272

13

:272

5

:323

5

:323

1

:336

1

:336

1

:336

;13

:328

13

:256

13

:307

:93

106

7

: 92

2

:759

2

759

12.

238

1

211

7,

207

5.

190

5.

190

11.

7

11:

7

13

316

12

330

12.

330

12:

328

1.

372

2:

740

2:

740

2:

740

2:

740

12:

243

13:

334

13:

251

13:

330

6:

270

128,

237

12:

277

12:

277

11:

6

1:

367

13:

216

7:

155

12:

270

12:

270

7:

155

11:

5

12:

237

2:

761

moricola (Peniophora) 7

moricola (Stereum) 7

multipartita (Thelephora) .... 1

multisetae (Hymenochaete) . . 5

multispinulosa (Hymenochaete) 7

murina (Sebacina) 13

Murraii (Thelephora) 7

Murrayi (Stereum) 7

Murrilli (Corticium) 13

musaecola (Cyphella) 1

muscicola (Cyphella) 13

muscicola (Hymenochaete) .... 11

muscicola (Phaeocyphella) .... 13

muscicolum (Asterostroma) ... 11

muscigena (Cyphella) 1

muscigena (Thelephora) 1

mutata (Peniophora) 12

mutatum (Corticium) 12

mycetophila (Tremella) 2

mycetophilum (Exobasidium) . . 2

Myrtilli (Exobasidium) 2

mytilina (Thelephora) 7

neglecta (Peniophora) 7

neglectum (Stereum) 7

nicaraguae (Stereum) 7

nicaraguense (Stereum) 7

nicotiana (Helvella) 5

nigricans (Protocoronospora) . . 11

nitidulum (Stereum) 7

nivosus (Aleurodiscus) 5

nuda (Peniophora) 12

nudum (Corticium) 12

Nyssae (Corticium) 7

Oakesii (Aleurodiscus) 5

Oakesii (Corticium) 6

obscura (Peniophora) 7

obscura (Thelephora) 7

obscuratus (Hypochnus) 3

occidentals (Stereum) 7

occidentalis (Lloydella) 7

occidentalis (Peniophora) 7

ocellata (Grandinia) 13

ochracea (Peniophora) 12

ochracea (Solenia) 11

ochracea (Thelephora) 7

ochraceo-fiava (Thelephora) .... 7
ochraceo-flavum (Stereum) .... 7
ochraceum (Corticium) 13

203
203
205
357
192
337
131
131
289
380
316

31
317

31
362
362
299
299
656
656
649
141

204
204
196
196
325
27
101
193
345
345
128

183
183
222
222
216
136
294
204
243
345
19
150
183
183
241

1926

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 34(.)

ochrof arctum (Corticium) ... 13 : 275
ochroleuca (Hypochnopsis) .... 13: 294
ochroleucum (Corticium) ... .7: 208, 235

ochroleucum (Stereum) 7: 148, 235

ochroleucus (Hypochnus) 13 : 294

ochrosporus (Craterellus) .... 1 : 334
ochrostroma (Asterostroma) ... 11 : 34

ocreatus (Craterellus) 1 : 334

odontioides (Peniophora) .... 12: 223

odorata (Peniophora) 12: 289

odorata (Phanerochaete) 12 : 289

odoratum (Lachnocladium).6: 270, 278

odoratus (Cantharellus) 1: 331

odoratus (Craterellus) 1: 331

odoratus (Merulius) 1: 331

odorifera (Thelephora) 1:214

olivacea (Coniophora) 4: 257

olivacea v. botryoides (Theleph-
ora) 3:226

olivaceum (Corticium) 4: 257

olivascens (Coniophora) 4: 265

olivascens (Corticium) 4 : 265

olivascens (Hypochnus) 3: 220

olivascens (Zygodesmus) 3 : 220

opaca (Hymenochaete) 6: 364

ornatipes (Clavaria) 9: 65

ornatipes (Lachnocladium) . ... 9: 65

ostrea (Stereum) 7: 155

ostrea (Thelephora) 7: 155

Overholtsii (Corticium) 13: 245

Oxy cocci (Exobasidium) 2: 649

pallescens (Corticium)

pallescens (Hypochnus)

pallescens (Stereum)

pallescens (Thelephora)

pallida (Bresadolina)

pallida (Clavaria)

pallida (Hymenochaete). 6: 367
pallida (Thelephora) ... .2: 734
pallidofulvus (Hypochnus) ....
pallidojulvus (Zygodesmus) ....

pallidum (Asterostroma)

pallidum (Lachnocladium) ....

pallidum (Stereum)

pallidum (Tremellodendron) . .

Palmarum (Cyphella)

palmata (Thelephora)

palmata v. americana (Thele-
phora)

4
4
4
4
7
6
7
7

13
13
11
6
7
2
1
1

267
267
267
267
104
273
196
104
321
821
29
273
104
734
377
201

palmatus (Craterellus) 1: 324

paniculatum (Corticium) 13: 303

pannosa (Thelephora) 7:104

pannosus (Hypochnus) 3 : 223

panno8us (Zygodesmus) 3 :

papyrina (Peniophora) 7: 196

papyrinum (Stereum) 7 : 196

paraphysatum (Corticium) . . 13: 1 17

patelliforme (Stereum) 7: 182

patens (Cyphella) 13: 317

Patouillardii (Septobasidium) 3: 332
paupercula (Hymenochaete) ... 7: 216

paupercula (Peniophora) 7: 216

Peckii (Clavaria) 9 : 67

Peckii (Cyphella) 1:

Peckii (Exobasidium) 2 : 649

Peckii (Peniophora) 12: 291

pectinatum (Corticium) 13 : 286

pedicellata (Thelephora) 3 : 224

pedicellatum (Septobasidium)

3: 323; 13: 330

pellicula (Corticium) 13: 212, .

pelliculare (Corticium) 13: 196

penicillatus (Aleurodiscus) . . . 5: 201
peniophoroides (Hypochnus) 3 : 234

perdix (Thelephora) 7 : 227

perexigua (Cyphella) 1 : 378

pergamenum (Stereum) 7: 101

perpleza (Thelephora) 1 : 223

pertenue (Corticium) 12: 315

pertenuis (Peniophora) 12: 315

petalodes (Stereum) 7: 114

Petersii (Coniophora) 4: 248

Petersii (Corticium) 12: 274, 320

pezizoides (Tubercularia) 7: 121

pezizoides (Cyphella) 1 : 365, 378

121
301
273
241
242
291
262
221

123
123
330

pezizoideum (Corticium) 7

phosphorea (Auricularia) 13

phosphorescens (Peniophora) 12

phyllophila (Peniophora) 12

piliseta (Peniophora) 12

pilosa (Peniophora) 12

pilosum (Corticium) 13

pilosus (Hypochnus) 3

pinnatinda (Hymenochaete) . 5

Pini (Sterellum) 7

Pini (Stereum) 7

pinicola (Septobasidium) 13

1: 201 pistillaris (Craterellus) . . .1: 341; 9: 69

350

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

[Vol. 13

plumbea (Sebacina)

2: 765; 3: 241; 13: 337
plumbescens (Sebacina) . 3 : 241; 13:337

plumbeum (Corticium) 13: 261

podlachia (Sebacina) 2 : 763

Pogonati (Craterellus) 1 : 362

polygonia (Thelephora) 13 : 268

polygonium (Corticium) 13: 268

polygonium (Gloeocystidium) . . 13 : 268
polygonium v. fulvescens (Gloeo-
cystidium) 13: 269

polygonoides (Corticium) 13: 224

polygonoides (Lyomyces) 13: 225

polyporoidea (Coniophora) .... 4: 247

polyporoidea (Solenia) 11: 16

polyporoideum (Corticium) .... 4 : 247

polyschista (Sebacina) 13: 338

populnea (Peniophora) 13 : 324

populneum (Stereum) . . .7: 237; 13: 324
poriaeformis (Solenia) . . .11: 23; 13: 319

porrectum (Stereum) 7: 234

porrigens (Cyphella) 1: 368

portentosum (Corticium) 13: 187

portentosum v. crystallophorum

(Corticium) 13: 187

portentosum (Stereum) 13: 187

praetermissa (Peniophora) .... 12: 316

prasina (Coniophora) 4: 265

prasinum (Corticium) 4 : 265

prolifera (Thelephora) 7:115

proliferum (Stereum) 7:115

protrusum (Corticium) 13: 260

pruinata (Peniophora) 12 : 340

pruinata (Peziza) 11 : 23

pruinatum (Stereum) 12: 340

pseudopedicellatum (Septo-

basidium) 3: 327

Pseudotsugae (Corticium) ... 13: 246

pteruloides (Thelephora) 2: 740

pubera (Peniophora) 12: 313

puberum (Corticium) 12: 313

pubescens (Stereum) ... .7: 178; 11: 10

pulcherrima (Hymenochaete) . . 6: 318

pulchrum (Stereum) 6: 323

pulverulenta (Cymatella) 11: 7

pulverulentum (Stereum) 7: 131

pulverulentus (Craterellus) .... 11: 7

punctulatum (Corticium) 13: 179

purpurascens (Stereum) 7 : 204

purpurea (Hymenochaete) .... 7: 192

purpurea (Kneiffia) 7: 192

purpureum (Stereum) 7: 124

pusiola (Thelephora) 1 : 208

pusiolum (Stereum) 7: 109

puteana (Coniophora) 4: 240

puteanum (Corticium) 4: 240

quisquiliare (Stereum) 7: 95

quisquiliaris (Thelephora) 7: 95

racemosum (Corticium) 13;

radians (Stereum) 7: 167,

radiatum (Stereum) 7

radiatum v. reflexum (Stereum) 7

radicans (Podoscypha) . .7: 108; 13

radicans (Stereum) 7: 108; 13

radicans (Thelephora) .13: 326; 7

radicatum (Corticium) 12

radiosa (Thelephora) 13

radiosum (Corticium) 13

rameale (Stereum) 7

Ravenelii (Cyphella) 1

Ravenelii (Peniophora) 12

Ravenelii (Stereum) 7

Ravenelii (Thelephora) 1

ravum (Corticium) 13

reflexa (Auricularia) 7

reflexa (Hymenochaete) 5

regularis (Thelephora) 1

reniforme (Stereum) 6

reniformis (Hymenochaete) ... 6

resupinatum (Hydnum) 6

retiforme (Septobasidium) .... 3

retiformis (Thelephora) 3

Rhacodium (Hypochnus) .... 13

rhodella (Peniophora) 12

rhodeUum (Corticium) 12

rhodocroa (Peniophora) 12

Rhododendri (Exobasidium) ... 2

Richardsonii (Hypocrea) 7

rigens (Stereum) 7

rigescens (Corticium) 13

rigidula (Hymenochaete) 6

rimosissima (Peniophora) 12

rimosissimum (Corticium) .... 12

rivulorum (Stereum) 7

Rosae (Corticium) 13

rosea (Thelephora) 13

rosella (Tulasnella) 13

roseo-carnea (Thelephora) 7

287
169
181
181
326
326
108
320
263
263
169
371
269

90
207
251
150
336
207
310
310
311
338
338
322
254
254
254
649
121
145
199
318
341
341

94
23?
224
328
229

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 351

roseo-carneum (Stereum) 7

roseolum (Corticium) 6

roseolum (Corticium) 13

roseopallens (Corticium) 13

roseum (Corticium) 13

roseus (Aleurodiscus) 13

roseus (Cantharellus) 1

roseus (Craterellus) 1

roseus (Merulius) 1

Roumeguerii (Corticium) 12

Roumeguerii (Kneiffia) 12

Roumeguerii (Peniophora) .... 12

rubellum (Corticium) 13

rubicundum (Corticium) .... 13
rubiginosa (Hymenochaete) ... 5

rubiginosa (Tomentella) 3

rubiginosum (Stereum) 5

rubiginosus (Hypochnus) 3

rubiginosus (Zygodesmus) .... 3

rubrocanum (Corticium) 13

rubropallens (Corticium) 13

rubropattens (Stereum) 13

rubropaUens (Thelephora) 13

rudis (Hymenochaete) 6

rudis (Hymenochaetella) 6

rufa (Cryptochaete) 7

rufum (Stereum) 7

rugispora (Hymenochaete) .... 7

rugisporum (Stereum) 7

rugosa (Thelephora) 7

rugosiusculum (Stereum) 7

rugosum (Stereum) 7

rutilans (Cytidia) 11

Saccardoi (Cyphella) 1

Sacchari (Peniophora) 12

salicina (Cytidia) 11

salicina (Lomatia) 11

salicinum (Corticium) 11

Sallei (Hymenochaete) 5

salmoneum (Corticium) 13

salmonicolor (Corticium) 13

Sambuci (Corticium) 12

Sambuci (Hypochnus) 12

Sambuci (Peniophora) 12

sanguinea (Kneiffia) 12

sanguinea (Peniophora) 12

sanguineum (Corticium) 12

sanguinolentum (Stereum) .... 7

saxitas (Stereum) 7

229 scabriseta (Hymenochaete) .... 7

257 scabriseta (Lloydella) 7

224 scandens (Eryeiphe) 13

240 scariosa (Sebacina) 2

224 scariosum (Corticium) 2

225 Schomburgkii (Hymenochaete) 6

333 Schrenkii (Eichleriella) 2

332 Schweinitzii (Merisma) 2

332 Schweinitzii (Peniophora) 7

270 Schweinitzii (Septobasidium) 8

270 Schweinitzii (Thelephora) 2

270 Schweinitzii (Tremellodendron) 2

232 scissilis (Thelephora) 1

235 scoparia (Thelephora) 1

332 scriblitum (Stereum) 7

209 scruposa (Hymenochaete) ... 5

332 scutellare (Corticium) 13

209 sebacea (Thelephora) 2

209 sebaceum (Corticium) 2

230 secedens (Corticium) 2

229 semivestitum (Lachnocladium) 6

229 sendaiense (Stereum) 7

229 separans (Peniophora) 12

346 sepium (Stereum) 7

346 septentrionale (Corticium) . . 13

121 septocystidia (Peniophora) . . 12

120 seriate (Corticium) 12

188 serialis (Peniophora) . .12: 239, 281,

188 seriatum (Stereum) 6

143 seriatus (Aleurodiscus) 5

127 sericeUa (Thelephora) 7

142 sericeum (Stereum) 7

10 serum (Corticium) 12

sessilis (Cyphella) 13

373 setosa (Hydnochaete) 6

328 setosa (Hymenochaete) 5

10 setosa (Pterula) 6

10 setosa (Thelephora) 5

10 setosuni (Lachnocladium) 6

314 Seymouriana (Peniophora) 12

255 Sheari (Heterochaete) 8: 377; 13

227 Sheari (Peniophora) 12

233 Sheari (Sebacina) 2: 759; 13

233 simile (Corticium) 12

233 similis (Peniophora) 12

274 simplex (Tremellodendron)

274 2: 742; 13:

274 simulans (Corticium) 5:

144 simulans (Hymenochaete) .... 6:
134 sinuosus (Cantharellus) 1:

192
292
762
762

m

744

740
203
324
734
734
205
222
237
318
192
752

762

271

m

»a2~ 33'

215
257
260
318
318
192
192
96
175
233
317
312
188
278
311
278
337

268
338
336
336

339
340

337

352

[Vol. 13

ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

sinuosus (Craterellus) 1 : 337

siparia (Hymenochaete) 5 : 368

siparium (Corticium) 7: 128

Sistotremoides (Coniophora)

4: 249; 13: 312
Sistotremoides (Thelephora)

4:249; 13:312

sitnensis (Hypochnus) 3:213

sociatum (Corticium) 13: 192

Solani (Corticium) 13: 295

Solani (Hypochnus) 13 : 295

Solani (Rhizoctonia) 13 : 295

sordescens (Diplonema) 4 : 263

sordescens (Peniophora) 4: 263

sordida (Peniophora) . • 12 : 280

sordidum (Corticium) 12 : 280

sordulenta (Coniophora) ...4: 267,268

sordulentum (Corticium) 4 : 268

Sowerbeyi (Stereum) 7: 104

Sowerbeyi (Thelephora) 7 : 104

spadiceum (Stereum) 7: 136

spadiceum v. plicatum (Stere-
um) 7: 136

sparsus (Hypochnus) 3: 225

spathularia (Skepperia) 11: 8

spathularius (Craterellus) 11 : 8

speciosa (Hymenochaete) . .5: 307, 308

stratosa (Peniophora) 12: 333

striata (Lloydella) 7: 186

striata (Thelephora) 7: 175, 186

striatum (Stereum) 7: 175, 186

spectabilis (Thelephora) 7

spiculosa (Thelephora) 1

spilomea (Phlebia) 13

spiniferum (Asterostroma) ... 11
spinif erum (Septobasidium) . . 13

spiniferus (Hypochnus) 3

spinulosa (Eichleriella) 2

spinulosum (Radulum) 2

Spongia (Septobasidium) . 3 : 339; 13

Spongia (Thelephora) 3

spongiosa (Thelephora) 3

spongiosum (Stereum) 1

spongiosus (Hypochnus) 3

spreta (Hymenochaete) 5

spretum (Corticium) 13

Sprucei (Stereum) "... 7

spumeum (Corticium) 7

spumeum (Stereum) 7

Stevensii (Corticium) 13

Stevensonii (Corticium) 13

stipata (Peziza) 11

stramineum (Corticium) 13

stramineum (Gloeocystidium) . . 13

96
225
275

33
333
218
747
747
331
339
216
214
216
348
229
163
208
208
293
211

19
258
258

strumosum (Stereum) 5

strumosus (Aleurodiscus) 6

styracifiua (Thelephora) 7

styracifluum (Stereum) 7

subalbum (Corticium) 13

subalutacea (Kneiffia) 12

subalutacea (Peniophora) 12

190
190
135
135
267
288
288
288
280
280
322
239
277
288
66
66
303
308

subalutaceum (Corticium) 12

subapiculatum (Peniophora) . . 12
subapiculatum (Corticium) .... 12
subaurantiacum (Corticium) ... 21
subceraceum (Corticium) ... 13

subcinereum (Corticium) 13

subcontinuum (Corticium) .... 13
subcortical (Lachnocladium) . 9

subcorticalis (Clavaria) 9

subcremea (Peniophora) 13

subcruentatum (Stereum) 7: 237; 13
subcruentatus (Aleurodiscus)

7: 237; 13: 308

subcyanea (Cyphella) 1 : 380

subferrugineus (Hypochnus)

3: 210; 13: 321

subgelatinosa (Cyphella) 1 : 370

subgigantea (Peniophora) 13: 215

subgiganteum (Corticium) .... 13: 215

subiculosa (Peniophora) 12 : 259

subincarnatum (Corticium) .... 12 : 329

sublUacina (Thelephora) 3: 331

sublilacinum (Septobasidium) . 3: 331

subnullum (Corticium) 13 : 209

subochracea (Corticium) 4: 265

subochracea (Thelephora) 13 : 283

subochraceum (Corticium) .... 13 : 289

subpileatum (Stereum) 7: 213

subporiaef ormis (Solenia) ... 11 : 24

subrepandum (Corticium) 7 : 229

subroseum (Corticium) 6 : 257

subsimile (Lachnocladium) .... 6: 272
subsulphurea (Peniophora) .... 12 : 329
subsulphureum (Corticium) .... 12: 329

subundulata (Thelephora) 13: 312

subundulatus (Craterellus) .... 13: 312
subvinosus (Hypochnus) .... 3: 231
subviolaceus (Hypochnus) .... 13: 323
subzonata (Thelephora) 7 : 150

1926]

BURT — THELEPHORACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA. XV 353

subzonatum (Corticium) 7

succineus (Aleurodiscus) 13

suffocata (Coniophora) . .4: 254; 13
stiff ocatum (Corticium) . .4: 254; 13

sulcatum (Stereum) 7

Sullivantii (Thelephora) 7

sulphuratum (Stereum) 7

sulphurea (Thelephora) 13

sulphurea (Cyphella) 1

sulphurea (Epithele) 6

sulphurea (Peziza) 1

sulphurea (Solenia) 11

sulphureum (Corticium). 3: 239; 13

sulphurina (Peniophora) 12

sulphurina (Tomentella) 12

sulphurinus (Hypochnus) 12

surinamense (Stereum) 7

Symploci (Exobasidium) . . .2: 641,

tabacina (Grandinia) 3

tabacina (Hymenochaete) 5

tabacina (Peniophora) 12

tabacina (Veluticeps) 6

tabacinum (Corticium) 6

tabadnum (Stereum) 6

tabacinus (Aleurodiscus) 6

Taxodii (Peniophora) 12

taxophilus (Craterellus) 1

tela (Cyphella) 13

tela (Peziza) 13

tenax (Clavaria) 13

tenax (Pterula) 13

tenax (Tremellodendron) 7: 67; 13

tenella (Peniophora) 12

tenerrimum (Stereum) 7

tenue (Corticium) 12

tenue (Gloeocystidium) 12

tenue (Tremellodendron) 2

tenuis (Aleurodiscus) 5

tenuis (Hymenochaete) 5

tenuis (Kneiffia) 12

tenuis (Odontia) 13

tenuis (Peniophora) 12

tenuissima (Hymenochaete) ... 5

tenuissimum (Stereum) 5

tephra (Peniophora) 12

tephrum (Corticium) 12

terrestris (Thelephora) 1

terricola (Peniophora) 12

tessulatum (Corticium) 13

150
309
312
312
211

98
148
177
360
265
360

18
177
324
324
324

91
655

218
325
334
261
261
325
261
306
339
318
318
339
339
339
298
100
317
317
740
200
364
317
321
317
315
314
339
339
219
237
210

texana (Peniophora) 12

texensis (Cyphella) 1

Thaxteri (Cyphella) 13

thelephoroides (Corticium) 4

thelephoroides (Hypochnus) 3 : 2

Thujae (Peniophora) 12

Tiliae (Cyphella) l

Tiliae (Peziza) 1

Tiliae (Trichopeziza) 1

tomentosa (Hymenochaete) ... 6

trachychaete (Cyphella) 1

tremellosa (Cytidia) 11

trichopus (Clavaria) 9

triste (Stereum) 7

tristis (Hypochnus) 3

tristis (Tomentella) 3

tropicale (Septobasidium) .... 3

truncata (Clavaria) 9

Tsugae (Corticium) 13

tuberculatum (Corticium) .... 13

tuberculosum (Stereum) 7

Tulasnei (Prototremella) 6

Tulasnei (Tulasnella) 6

turbinatus (Craterellus) 13

typhicola (Peniophora) 12

umbrina (Coniophora) 4

umbrina (Coniophorella) 4

umbrina (Hymenochaete) 7

umbrinum (Corticium) . . .3: 213; 4

umbrinum (Stereum) 7

umbrinus (Hypochnus) . 3 : 213; 13

Underwoodii (Stereum) 13

undulatum (Stereum) 7

ungulata (Hymenochaete) ... 5

unicolor (Craterellus) 1

unicolor (Hymenochaete) 5

unicolor (Peniophora) 12

unicum (Stereum) 7

261

319
M8

268
236
364

12

213

69
276

256

313
319

256
256
192
256
191
323
327
100
339
340
342
320
236

Vaccinii (Exobasidium) ... .2: 639, 649

Vaccinii (Fusidium) 2 : 649

Vaccinii Myrtilli (Exobasidi-
um) 2:649

Vaccinii uliginosi (Exobasidi-
um) 2:640,654

vaga (Coniophora) 4: 251

vaga (Phlebia) 3 : 239

vagum (Corticium) IS: 295

vagum v. Solani (Corticium). 13: 2

(Vol. 13, 1926
354 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN

varians (Matruchotia) 11 : 26

variicolor (Stereum) 7: 150

vellereum (Corticium) 13: 179

veluticeps (Hymenochaete) .... 6 : 260

velutina (Kneiffia) 12 : 264

velutina (Peniophora) 12: 264

velutinum (Corticium) 12 : 264

venosum (Corticium) 13: 274

vernicosa (Peniophora) 12: 250

versata (Peniophora) 12: 305

versicolor (Stereum) 7: 166

versicolor (Thelephora) 7: 167

versicolor v. fasciata (Theleph-
ora) 7: 155

versiforme (Stereum) 7: 222

verticillata (Peniophora) 12: 285

vescuxn (Corticium) 13: 204

vesiculosum (Corticium) .... 13: 266

vestipes (Clavaria) 6: 274; 9: 67

vestipes (Lachnocladium) .6: 274; 9: 67

vialis (Thelephora) 1: 213

vibrans (Stereum) 7: 179

villosa (Cyphella) 1: 365

viUosa (Peziza) 1 : 365

villosa (Solenia) 11: 26

villosa v. polyporoidea (Solenia) . 11: 16

vinaceum (Corticium) 13: 298

vinosa (Hymenochaete) 7: 192

vinosa (Thelephora) 3

vinososcabens (Corticium) ... 13
violaceo-livida (Peniophora) ... 12
violaceo-lividum (Corticium) ... 12

violea (Tulasnella) 6

violeus (Hypochnus) 6

viride (Hydnum) 13

viridis (Caldesiella) 13

viridis (Odontia) 13

vitellinum (Stereum) 5

viticola (Corticium) 12

viticola (Peniophora) 12

viticola (Thelephora) 12

vorticosum (Stereum) 7

215
267
347
347
256
256
324
323
323
190
322
322
322
124

Weiri (Aleurodiscus) 5: 204

Weiri (Peniophora) 12 : 342

Willeyi (Thelephora) 7: 98

xanthellum (Stereum) 7: 96

xanthopus (Merulius) 1: 336

Zelleri (Aleurodiscus) 13: 309

Zelleri (Craterellus) 13: 314

Zimmermanni (Corticium) .... 13 : 227

zonata (Peniophora) 12: 245

zygodesmoides (Hypochnus) . . 3: 236

zygodesmoides (Thelephora) ... 3: 236

QK

629

T4B87

191M

V.2

C.l

ESCI

•inoing LIST SEP 1 194,